tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tc-99m MAG3 Renal Transplant Imaging of Scrotal Urinoma
Authors: IGNACIO BANZO, ROSARIO GÓMEZ-BARQUÍN, REMEDIOS QUIRCE, ISABEL BLANCO, ALFONSO MONTERO, JOSÉ M. CARRIL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Urological complications, as urinary leakage and urinoma formation, remain a considerable source of morbidity after renal transplantation. Urinoma may be detected by radionuclide renal scan. Scrotum is an unusual location of urinomas. A review of the literature found only five patients with scrotal urinoma diagnosed by Tc-99m DTPA or I-131 Hippuran renal transplant scan. Currently, Tc-99m MAG3 is considered the agent of choice for the renal transplant evaluation. To the authors' knowledge, this article reports the first time in which a scrotal urinoma has been shown on a Tc-99m MAG3 renal transplant scan.
P1-12-12: Evaluation of Ile655Val HER2 Polymorphism Associated with Cardiac Toxicity Following the Administration of Trastuzumab in Women with Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer.
Authors: C Diorio, J Lemieux, M-A Côté, L Provencher, C Nadeau-Larochelle, S Jacob, É Demers, R Tremblay-Lemay, C Saint-Pierre, M Beauchemin, F Barabé, C Laflamme
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Trastuzumab is well tolerated without major side effects except for cardiac toxicity. Although a number of clinical parameters have been associated with trastuzumab-associated cardiac toxicity (TACT), there is some indication that genetic variation of the HER2 gene may be associated with TACT in a population of metastatic breast cancer patients. However, this finding needs confirmation and we looked at a population of non-metastatic breast cancer. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the association between cardiac toxicity and HER2 [Ile655Val] polymorphism in non-metastatic breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab. Method: The Ile655Val HER2 polymorphism was assessed in 41 women using TaqMan technology. For this study, the genotyping was performed using DNA extracted from normal breast tissue located at more than 1 cm of any other lesions. Charts review was used to collect information on TACT which was defined as a decrease in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≥15% or ≥10% with a resulting LVEF &amp;lt; 50% or any follow-up LVEF of &amp;lt; 45%. The Fisher exact test was used to evaluate the association between cardiac toxicity and HER2 polymorphism. Results: No deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium has been observed for the allele and genotype frequencies. The distribution of HER2 polymorphism was 10 Ile/Val (24%) and 31 Ile/Ile (76%). In this population, 22% (9/41) developed a cardiac toxicity. The Val655Ile genotype was associated with cardiac toxicity (0.03). In this preliminary study, 50% (5/10) of Ile/Val carriers compared to 13% (4/31) of Ile/Ile carriers showed TACT. Conclusion: HER2 Ile655Val polymorphism may be an efficient marker of TACT considering this tendency with this small cohort of patients. Larger sample is needed to strengthen this conclusion, since this result may influence on prescribing decision for adjuvant chemotherapy and anti-HER2 therapy in HER2 positive patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-12-12.
Transient Bactericidal Defect of Peripheral Blood Phagocytes from Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Receiving Craniospinal Irradiation
Authors: Robert L. Baehner, Rochelle G. Neiburger, Douglas E. Johnson, Suzanne M. Murrmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Abstract Because improved survival of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia by combination chemotherapy and irradiation has been accompanied by an increased incidence of infections during remission, phagocytic function after the first remission was studied in 15 such children at four time points: before, during and two and four weeks after they had received 2400 rads to the craniospinal axis. Peripheral blood phagocytes were evaluated in vitro for their ability to kill Staphylococcus aureus, Diplococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and for certain metabolic activities during phagocytosis. Phagocytosis of bacteria was not altered, but bactericidal activity was impaired during craniospinal irradiation, and the defect was not corrected by addition of normal serum. Oxygen consumption, activity of the hexose monophosphate shunt and myeloperoxidase activity were normal. The rate of iodination of zymosan by phagocytes from patients receiving craniospinal irradiation was decreased. This transient p...
Risk factors for TB and HIV coinfection in Scotland, 2001 to 2010
Authors: E McDonald, Alison Smith-Palmer, L A Wallace, O Blatchford
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

The number of patients with tuberculosis (TB) increased steadily in Scotland between 2005 and 2010. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been a contributory factor to increases in TB in a number of comparable industrialised countries. This study investigated the extent of, and risk factors for, TB and HIV coinfection in Scotland from 2001 to 2010. Patients with TB in the national TB database were linked to those in the national HIV database using probabilistic data linkage. Patient records were anonymised to maintain confidentiality. From 2001 to 2010, 106/4, 097 (2.6%, 95% CI: 2.1 to 3.1) TB patients matched with HIV patients, equating to a 10-year incidence of 2.1 cases per million population. Patients with both TB and HIV were more often born outside the United Kingdom,were of black African ethnicity, had refugee status and had extra-thoracic lymph node involvement or cryptic/disseminated TB disease. Individuals with TB and HIV coinfection were younger and symptomatic for a shorter time before their diagnosis of TB, compared with TB patients without HIV. TB and HIV coinfection was relatively uncommon in Scotland in the study period. Clinicians should recognise the potential for HIV infection among TB patients and the importance of offering an HIV test to all TB patients.
Abstract LB-433: Examination of the oncogenic potential of XMRV in prostate epithelial cells
Authors: Brennen Comeaux, Olga Zolochevska, Marxa L. Figueiredo
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) is a retrovirus closely related to murine leukemia viruses, which cause a variety of cancers and immunological and neurological diseases in mice. Whether XMRV plays a role in cancer and other diseases remains controversial; some studies show a possible association, but there is currently no evidence that the virus is a causal agent for disease. Our hypothesis was that the 3′ long terminal repeat (LTR) from the XMRV genome is responsible for its oncogenic activity in prostate cells. We chose three regions from the XMRV 3′ LTR and tested the potential of these regions in transactivating a cellular gene promoter whose homolog is transactivated by MMLV in mouse cells. We examined the transactivation potential in pre-cancerous and a panel of cancerous prostate epithelial cells. Our results showed that for certain 3′LTR regions induce nearly full transactivating activity, while others might comprise inhibitory regions. Therefore, to better understand the mechanism by which the XMRV 3′ LTR regions might be inducing or inhibiting transactivation, we tested their ability to transactivate cellular genes related to transformation. We used as reporters plasmids containing binding sites for cellular transcription factors. The results showed several similarities in transactivation, suggesting common activation pathways for 3′LTR transactivating activity. Finally, we tested if XMRV infection could enhance oncogenicity potential of prostate precancerous and cancerous cell lines. We examined this in vitro by assessing the rate of colony formation in soft agar, and in vivo, using xenograft assays. The results suggested that cell lines infected with XMRV had enhanced in vitro colony formation, as well as enhanced in vivo growth, however, addition of another tumorigenic genetic alteration was required in conjunction with XMRV-infection to induce enhanced tumor growth. Our data suggests that the XMRV 3′LTR may have a transactivating activity on cellular genes, and that XMRV might have a transforming activity in prostate cancer cells, most likely stimulating promotion/progression of tumorigenesis, and not ‘initiation’ of tumorigenesis. These results are highly novel since they represent for the first examinations of the role of XMRV in tumorigenesis of prostate epithelial cell lines in vitro and in vivo and examinations of the 3′LTR context of the virus upon transactivation of cellular genes as a potential mechanism of cellular transformation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-433. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-433
New Method for Detection of a Bronchopleural Fistula: Direct Instillation of Tc-99m DTPA Into the Pleural Space Via a Thoracostomy Tube
Authors: CHRISTOPHER A. OBUCHOWSKI, JUDITH M. JOYCE, RICHARD FOSTER, MICHAEL BENNETT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

A 65-year-old man who had undergone a right upper lobectomy for squamous cell carcinoma developed a persistent air space in the right superior thorax. Because a bronchopleural fistula was suspected, a new technique to demonstrate the fistula was used. Five mCi of Tc-99m DTPA was instilled through a pigtail catheter into the cavity. Radiotracer activity extended into the remaining right bronchial tree, trachea, and left bronchial tree on the 10 minute delayed image confirming the presence of a bronchopleural fistula. Using bronchoscopic guidance, the fistula was sealed with a fibrin plug. A repeat examination 4 days later revealed no extension of tracer from the cavity up to 60 minutes after instillation, indicating successful sealing of the fistula. This technique offers a rapid, inexpensive, and portable diagnosis of bronchopleural fistula.
PM-08 * A HUMANIZED CO-TRANSPLANT XENOGRAFT MOUSE MODEL, TO STUDY TOXICITY OF DRUGS TARGETED AGAINST PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS
Authors: S. Gholamin, S. A. Kahn, R. Esparza, G. Hutter, A. Feroze, I. L. Weissman, S. S. Mitra, S. H. Cheshier
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BACKGROUND: Side effects of current pediatric brain tumor therapeutics, usually resulting from neural cell toxicity, call for testing of novel therapeutic modalities on appropriate preclinical models, which recapitulates normal human neural environment with malignant brain tumors. Here, we present a new model to study toxicity of humanized antibodies against xenografted human normal neural cells sequentially co-transplanted with primary medulloblastoma (MB) cells. METHODS: Human neural progenitor cells (HuNPCs) derived from human fetal neural tissue, were infected with td-Tomato-luciferase expressing virus and injected into newborn pups (p1-p3 days old). HuNPC engraftment was confirmed with bioluminescence imaging and previously characterized for multi-potent differentiation into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. HuNPC engrafted mice were then injected with unlabeled human MB cells at 1.5 months of age. MB cells used were previously confirmed to have 100% penetrance in multiple cohorts. After 2 weeks of tumor cell transplantation, mice were randomized and treated with either humanized anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody (HuCD47 mAb) or control. Human neural cells viability and proliferation in all mice were measured through subsequent bioluminescence imaging. RESULTS: Follow-up bioluminescence imaging revealed minimal change in flux values of treated mice with HuCD47 mAb, representing viability of engrafted normal neural cell, compared to control. Moreover, survival rates as well as subsequent H & E staining show HuCD47 mAb dramatically decreased tumor size and subsequently increased the survival of mice treated with HuCD47 mAb compared to control similar to experiments carried out in mice transplanted with human MB cells only. CONCLUSION: The presented in vivo model provides a new platform to test any novel potential therapeutic (here, HuCD47 mAb) in the context of xenografted human normal neural environment. This way we not only measure effect of the proposed drug on tumor regression but impact of developed agent on human normal neural tissue in the vicinity of the tumor.
Abstract 2237: Expression of the trefoil protein TFF3 in human breast cancers
Authors: Ahmed Roshdi Hamed Ahmed, Felicity EB May, Michael J. Tilby
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Expression of the trefoil protein TFF3 in human breast cancers The purpose of this study is to investigate expression of the trefoil factor family protein, TFF3 in a large series of human breast cancers. Trefoil factors are small secreted proteins that are expressed in mucus secreting epithelia. They are involved in mucosal protection in part by stimulation of cell motility. It has been proposed that the motogenic actions of trefoil proteins may facilitate tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Expression of TFF3 mRNA is regulated by estrogen in human breast cancer cell lines and strong association between estrogen receptor and TFF3 mRNA expression has been demonstrated in breast tumors by expression microarray analyses. A tissue microarray was constructed from 300 primary breast tumors and 76 metastatic deposits of breast tumors from patients who presented in the northern region of England between 2002 and 2003. TFF3 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry with an antibody raised against correctly-folded human TFF3 protein. Each sample was analyzed in duplicate. The intensity of the immunoreactions in 1,000 tumor cells was evaluated as: absent, weak, moderate or strong. The association of TFF3 expression with various clinico-pathological features and with estrogen receptor protein expression was tested statistically with SPSS software (p&amp;lt;0.01). Clear TFF3 expression is demonstrated in normal and malignant breast epithelial cells. There is no expression in stromal, endothelial or immune cells. Expression of TFF3 varied enormously between tumor samples. TFF3 expression is highest in mucinous and tubular breast adenocarcinomas. TFF3 is expressed at higher levels in lobular than in ductal breast cancers. TFF3 expression is associated strongly with estrogen receptor expression. There is a negative association between TFF3 expression and tumor grade. There is however a positive association between TFF3 expression and presence of vascular invasion and TFF3 expression is higher in metastatic breast tumor cells than in primary breast tumor cells. This is the first report of TFF3 protein expression in a large series of human breast tumors. The strong association between TFF3 and estrogen receptor suggests that TFF3 expression is dependent on estrogen in a significant proportion of breast tumors. The high expression of TFF3 in breast tumors with vascular invasion and in metastatic breast tumor cells supports the hypothesis that TFF3 predisposes towards breast cancer cell invasion. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2237.
Arytenoid dislocation following upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: A. Afonso, P. Woo, A. Reed
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

A 46-year-old female teacher presented for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. A standard Olympus endoscope (GIF H190, Olympus, Center Valley, Pennsylvania, USA) was used for evaluation of gastritis. After 12 hours, the patient developed hoarseness, throat pain, and swelling. A computed tomography (CT) scan, barium swallow, and laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) studies showed normal findings. Strobovideolaryngoscopy showed a higher left vocal cord with axis deviation and persistent glottal gap of 1 mm ([Fig. 1]).
Abnormal Insulin Secretion in Myotonic Dystrophy
Authors: Thomas A. Huff, Edward S. Horton, Harold E. Lebovitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

MYOTONIC dystrophy is a hereditary disorder that involves multiple organ systems.1 , 2 The muscle disturbance is characterized by myotonia and a unique pattern of skeletal-muscle atrophy (head, anterior neck, trunk, diaphragm and distal limbs). The striking frequency of cataracts, frontal baldness and gonadal atrophy has suggested that this disease is related to some endocrine or metabolic disturbance.1 , 3 , 4 Numerous investigations of endocrine function in patients with myotonic dystrophy have failed to reveal any consistent abnormality of function of the pituitary, adrenal or thyroid gland.1 2 3 4 5 6 The basal metabolic rate is often markedly reduced, and testicular atrophy, with a histologic picture of tubular degeneration . . .
Habilitation of the Cleft–Palate Patient
Authors: Donald W. MacCollum, Sylvia Onesti Richardson, Lennard T. Swanson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

DURING the last few years management of cleft palate has expanded rapidly and at the same time has become a very controversial field. It is no longer considered the sole province of the plastic surgeon, the prosthodontist or the speech therapist, but is recognized as an area demanding the Cooperative efforts of multiprofessional teams. The collective information and knowledge of such integrated groups is gradually producing the necessary wisdom for successful care of the child with a cleft palate.For many years, the majority of plastic surgeons have preferred to repair a cleft palate during the first two years of . . .
OP0229 Correlation of the Integrated Cerebrospinal Fluid Interleukin-6 Level with Brainstem Atrophy in Chronic Progressive Neuro-BehÇEt's Disease
Authors: H. Kikuchi, M. Nogawa-Takayama, K. Asako, A. Okamoto, T. Nanki, H. Kono, S. Hirohata
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is a serious complication of Behçet9s disease and is referred to as neuro-Behçet9s disease (NB). NB is classified into acute type (ANB) and chronic progressive type (CPNB), depending on the clinical characteristics. CPNB is characterized by intractable, slowly progressive neurobehavioral changes, ataxia and dysarthria, which lead to severe disability and deterioration (1). Recently, we have found that brainstem atrophy is significantly more prevalent in CPNB than in ANB or non-NB, indicating that brainstem atrophy is a frequent and specific finding in CPNB (2). <h3>Objectives</h3> The goal of the study was to examine whether the integrated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) interleukin-6 level in the first 6 months after diagnosis is correlated with brainstem atrophy by quantitative analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. <h3>Methods</h3> The subjects were 10 patients (9 males and 1 female; all HLA-B51 positive; age at first MRI: 35.1±11.6 years old [mean ± SD]) who had been diagnosed with CPNB. The integrated CSF IL-6 level was calculated from the area under the curve (AUC) in a kinetic analysis of CSF IL-6 from the time of diagnosis until 6 months after diagnosis. The areas of midbrain tegmentum and pons were measured on mid-sagittal sections of T1-weighted images using NIH Image J ver.1.45 software (ver.1.46, National Institutes of Health: NIH, U.S. [http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/index.html]). <h3>Results</h3> The kinetics analysis showed that brainstem atrophy progressed most markedly in the first 2 years after diagnosis of CPNB. As shown in the Figure, integrated CSF IL-6 (0-0.5 years) was significantly correlated with brainstem atrophy rate in the first 2 years (0-2 years). <h3>Conclusions</h3> These results indicate that higher levels of CSF IL-6 in the first 6 months after diagnosis are strongly associated with greater progression of brainstem atrophy in CPNB. This suggests that an appropriate therapeutic intervention to reduce CSF IL-6 is required as early as possible upon diagnosis of CPNB. <h3>References</h3> Hirohata S. et al., Behçet9s disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2003; 5:139-46. Hirohata S. et al., Clinical characteristics of neuro-Behçet9s disease in Japan: a multicenter retrospective analysis. Mod Rheumatol 2012; 22: 405-13. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1610
Red Hair, Light Skin, and UV-Independent Risk for Melanoma Development in Humans
Authors: Elisabeth M. Roider, David E. Fisher
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

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