tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PWE-246 Heterogeneity in manometry testing in the UK and around the world: Abstract PWE-246 Table 1
Authors: RR Sweis, M Fox
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Oesophageal physiology testing has advanced markedly in the last decade. Tools such as high resolution manometry (HRM) have become widely available and have enhanced our understanding of oesophageal (dys)function. However this has also led to wide variation in testing methods and analysis. Before a consensus is built towards setting quality standards in physiological measurement, a better understanding of what procedures and practices actually take place globally is required. <h3>Method</h3> An on-line survey was distributed to oesophageal laboratories through NGM societies around the world using the internet-based Qualtrics platform. Questions explored infrastructure, staffing, technology, analysis and reporting. Labs responded anonymously. Responses from all labs were then compared. <h3>Results</h3> To date 41 responses have been received. Of the 17 in Britain/Ireland, 8 see 500–1000 referrals/year (3 &gt;1000) while 9 see &lt;500 cases/year. Both high volume (HV) and low volume (LV) centres employ a median of 7 members of staff; median 2.5 clinicians in HV and 1.0 in LV centres (p = 0.08). In comparison, of the 9 centres in USA, 6 in Europe and 9 in Australia, the overall median number of staff are 9, 7.5 and 5, of whom 4, 2 and 2 are clinicians respectively. In the Britain/Ireland, 7/17 centres use water-perfused and 10/17 use solid-state systems. 14 are high resolution of which 11 consist of at least 26 sensor systems (4 also with Impedance). In contrast, all labs in the USA and in Europe include a solid-state HRM systems with &gt;26 sensors and with Impedance, while in Australia 8/9 labs have &gt;26 sensor HRM systems, 5 of which include Impedance. Upright studies are routinely included in 5 centres in Britain/Ireland, 4 in USA, 3 in Europe and 4 in Australia. Details regarding adjunctive testing are presented in Table 1. In the UK, one HV and 2 LV centres never use the Chicago Classification (CC) to reach a diagnosis unlike all centres in Ireland, USA, Europe and Australia. Across all centres, placement of the lower oesophageal sphincter and gastric markers varies widely with varying sizes of hiatus hernia. Information provided in the final HRM report is fairly uniform apart from ‘therapeutic recommendations’ which is included in 4/17 centres in Britain/Ireland (3/8 HV and 1/9 LV centres), 3/9 in USA, 5/6 in Europe and 4/9 in Australia. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There is marked heterogeneity in the methodology, analysis and presentation of HRM studies in oesophageal laboratories around the world. This (ongoing) study sets the stage upon which mechanisms to improve quality and uniformity in testing and reporting can be agreed upon internationally. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> R. Sweis Grant/ Research Support from: Grant from Reckitt Benkiser, Conflict with: Invited as speaker for Given Imaging, M. Fox Consultant for: Member of advisory board and research/education funds from Given Imaging/Covidien, MMS and Sandhill.
A computer-assisted, goal-oriented psychiatric progress note system
Authors: M J Meldman, D Harris, R J Pellicore, E L Johnson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

The authors describe a computer system that develops a structured progress note for inclusion in the medical record. The progress note system reflects a goal-oriented patient treatment process and also provides for retrospective analysis of progress note information to accommodate research and review objectives. The system, which has met with a high degree of clinician acceptance, has resulted in improved case documentation, more timely and comprehensive notes, a higher level of objectivity, and a considerable reduction in the time required to organize and record progress note data.
HPA axis hyperactivity and recovery from functional psychoses
Authors: W H Coryell, M Zimmerman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

Some patients with functional psychoses follow a chronic, deteriorating course and others recover; at present clinicians have essentially no established factors beyond diagnosis and chronicity to predict which course a psychotic patient might follow. Because data on diagnostic specificity suggested that the dexamethasone suppression test might provide another, much needed prognostic factor, the authors administered these tests to 98 consecutively admitted patients with nonmanic psychoses. High postdexamethasone cortisol levels (6 micrograms/dl or higher) at baseline predicted recovery from psychosis at 1 year, independent of episode chronicity and diagnosis. Diagnosis did not correspond well to test results but was itself an important predictor.
CD44 Expression Level and Isoform Contributes to Pancreatic Cancer Cell Plasticity, Invasiveness, and Response to Therapy
Authors: Shujie Zhao, Chen Chen, Katherine Chang, Anand Karnad, Jaishree Jagirdar, Addanki P. Kumar, James W. Freeman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Purpose: A subpopulation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells is thought to be inherently resistant to chemotherapy or to give rise to tumor cells that become resistant during treatment. Here we determined the role of CD44 expression and its isoforms as a marker and potential target for tumor cells that give rise to invasive and gemcitabine-resistant tumors. Experimental Design: RT-PCR, Western blotting, and DNA sequencing was used to determine CD44 isoform and expression levels. Flow cytometry was used to sort cells on the basis of their CD44 expression level. CD44 expression was knocked down using shRNA. Tumorigenic properties were determined by clonogenic and Matrigel assays, IHC, tumor growth in vivo using luciferase imaging and by tumor weight. Results: We identified an invasive cell population that gives rise to gemcitabine-resistant tumors. These cancer cells express a high level of CD44 standard isoform and have an EMT phenotype (CD44s/EMT). In vivo, CD44s/EMT engraft and expand rapidly and give rise to tumors that express high levels of CD44 isoforms that contain multiple exon variants. CD44low-expressing cells show continued sensitivity to gemcitabine in vivo and knockdown of CD44 in CD44s/EMT cells increases sensitivity to gemcitabine and decreases invasiveness. Conclusions: PDAC cells expressing high levels of CD44s with a mesenchymal-like phenotype were highly invasive and developed gemcitabine resistance in vivo. Thus, initial targeting CD44 or reversing the CD44high phenotype may improve therapeutic response. Clin Cancer Res; 22(22); 5592–604. ©2016 AACR.
Echogenic Glycol Chitosan Nanoparticles for Ultrasound-Triggered Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Hyun Su Min, Dong Gil You, Sejin Son, Sangmin Jeon, Jae Hyung Park, Seulki Lee, Ick Chan Kwon, Kwangmeyung Kim
Journal: Theranostics (2015)

Theranostic nanoparticles hold great promise for simultaneous diagnosis of diseases, targeted drug delivery with minimal toxicity, and monitoring of therapeutic efficacy.However, one of the current challenges in developing theranostic nanoparticles is enhancing the tumor-specific targeting of both imaging probes and anticancer agents.Herein, we report the development of tumor-homing echogenic glycol chitosan-based nanoparticles (Echo-CNPs) that concurrently execute cancer-targeted ultrasound (US) imaging and US-triggered drug delivery.To construct this novel Echo-CNPs, an anticancer drug and bioinert perfluoropentane (PFP), a US gas precursor, were simultaneously encapsulated into glycol chitosan nanoparticles using the oil in water (O/W) emulsion method.The resulting Echo-CNPs had a nano-sized particle structure, composing of hydrophobic anticancer drug/PFP inner cores and a hydrophilic glycol chitosan polymer outer shell.The Echo-CNPs had a favorable hydrodynamic size of 432 nm, which is entirely different from the micro-sized core-empty conventional microbubbles (1-10 µm).Furthermore, Echo-CNPs showed the prolonged echogenicity via the sustained microbubble formation process of liquid-phase PFP at the body temperature and they also presented a US-triggered drug release profile through the external US irradiation.Interestingly, Echo-CNPs exhibited significantly increased tumor-homing ability with lower non-specific uptake by other tissues in tumor-bearing mice through the nanoparticle's enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect.Conclusively, theranostic Echo-CNPs are highly useful for simultaneous cancer-targeting US imaging and US-triggered delivery in cancer theranostics.
PTH-051 Quality of life after surgery for colonic diverticular disease – another reason for surgery?
Authors: Z Adamova, P Vlcek, J Sankot, R Slovacek, P Sindler
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The study is focused on the quality of life of patients affected by colonic diverticular disease (DD). While colonic resection is standard practice in complicated DD, treatment of uncomplicated diverticulitis is not so clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life in patients who had undergone colonic resection and who had been treated just with medical therapy. <h3>Method</h3> This is a prospective, single-centre study. Between December 2009 and December 2014, 29 patients were treated for DD in our ward and were willing to fill in the gastrointestinal quality of life index questionnaire (GIQLI), which was sent them later by mail again, after 3 months and one year. We compared the improvement of the quality of life after the treatment – in conservatively treaded C group and in patients after resection – R group. <h3>Results</h3> We compared C group (21 patients) with R group (8 patients). After 3 months there was no significant difference in changes of gastrointestinal quality of life. But after one year there was significant improvement in the R group + 25%, whereas the improvement in the C group was just +1%. The average change in total GIQLI score C versus R group was 0.6 vs 22, 7 respectively (p = 0.006). The improvement was due to increments in gastrointestinal symptomatology (–0.3 vs 9.8; p = 0.01), physical functions (–0.7 vs 5.6; p = 0.007), social function (–0.5 vs 2.3; p = 0.05) and treatment (–0.3 vs 1.4; p = 0.004) subdomain. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Because of significant improvement in quality of life after sigmoid resection in the majority of patients, in contrast to non operated group, avoidance of subsequent episodic attacks should not represent the only reason for surgery. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Profound Immune Exhaustion and Downregulation Of Interleukin-7 Alpha Receptor (CD127) In CD8 and CD4 T-Cell Subsets In Jamaican Patients Co-Infected With Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type-1 and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Despite Normal Or Above Normal CD4 Counts
Authors: Yohann White, Geoffrey Barrow, David Gilbert, Tanya Clarke, Adedamola Soyibo, Andre McGregor, Dewayne Stennett, Gilian Wharfe, Dwight Lowe, Michelle Hamilton, Monica Smikle, Naomichi Arima, Everard Barton
Journal: Blood (2013)
Website of the week: Medicinal use of cannabis
Authors: Marcus Müllner
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The medicinal use of cannabis (p 1313) seems to bother the internet community. Many sites report on the medicinal use of marijuana, weed, ganja, kif, pot, and other trusting names. These sites are, however, mainly about commercial products such as cannabis vaporisers (so that you don't have to inhale the nasty smoke), cloned “high quality” seeds, and even legal herbal cannabis equivalents (at least, this is what they say).

Besides the hundreds of “pot is good, and the law against pot is bad” websites, only a few seem to be of a higher quality. If you want to become informed within the shortest possible time go to New Scientist's www.newscientist.com/nsplus/insight/drugs/marijuana. This report provides balanced information in an accessible way. Although it may sound like blatant self promotion, another source of reliable information on cannabis is bmj.com. So, if you have a bit of spare time and want to go into more detail, search our archive.

Most of the sites related to medicinal cannabis are rubbish. There are several published criteria for evaluating such sites (www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/318/7184/647), but the one I enjoy most is the Quality of Information Checklist (www.quick.org.uk). This is designed for children, which also makes it suitable for my attention span. For the more mature reader, www.discern.org.uk has a similar instrument. Both of these are useful when discussing with patients the quality of information that they acquired from the internet.

For those interested in the pitfalls of cultivating larger amounts of cannabis, I would suggest reading Budding Prospects (www.tcboyle.com/books.html).
Transplantation Studies on an Induced Fibrosarcoma in Several Rat Strains. I. Influence of Sex on Incidence of Tumor Takes&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Klein, Michael
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1950)

Journal Article Transplantation Studies on an Induced Fibrosarcoma in Several Rat Strains. I. Influence of Sex on Incidence of Tumor Takes Get access Michael Klein Michael Klein research fellow National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 11, Issue 2, October 1950, Pages 377–380, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/11.2.377 Published: 01 October 1950 Article history Received: 08 August 1950 Published: 01 October 1950
Massachusetts Department of Public Health
Authors: Nicholas J. Fiumara
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

GONORRHEA AND SYPHILIS — STANDARDS OF DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND FOLLOW-UP STUDYWith the advice and assistance of the Advisory Committee to the Division of Venereal Diseases, the Massachusetts Department of Public Health has adopted standards for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up study of patients with gonorrhea and syphilis who are seen in the state-co-operating venereal-disease clinics.On the basis of the changing terminology as applied to venereal diseases and particularly to syphilis, the following nomenclature has been adopted:GONORRHEAAcute — with or without complications.Chronic — involving the urethra (anterior and posterior), prostate, seminal vesicles, epididymis, vulva, cervix, pelvic . . .
The Case for a New National Program for the Development of Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Philip S. Schein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

Article Tools SPECIAL ARTICLE Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.12.3142 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11408512 The Case for a New National Program for the Development of Cancer Therapeutics Philip S. ScheinxPhilip S. ScheinSearch for articles by this author Show More From the International Network for Cancer Treatment and Research, United States Branch, Bryn Mawr, PA. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2001.19.12.3142 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2001 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
AB0501 Genetic Markers of Glucocorticoid Adverse Drug Reactions in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: N. Dostanko, V. Yagur, Y. Dosin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with glucocorticoid (GK) use are registered in 30-60% cases of GK therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients when the prescribed daily doses exceed 10 mg during the period more than month. In the case of continuous GK therapy with the daily doses above 20 mg during the period more than 6 months GK dependence (GKD) develops. GK withdrawal syndrome is the main GKD criterion. <h3>Objectives</h3> To reveal genetic markers of GK ADRs as GKD in RA patients. <h3>Methods</h3> In the observational trial of RA patients (n=522: 423 women, 99 men) detailed pharmacological anamnesis/catamnesis was collected. We investigated a number of genetic markers: erythrocytic antigens of AB0, Rh0, MN, P and Lewis blood groups, haptoglobin phenotypes, HLA antigens of A, B, C, DR, DQ locuses and Bw4-6 and DR51-53 super-types. Statistical significance was estimated by Fisher exact test (F). We selected the prognostic markers by means of Gamma correlation coefficient (R<sub>G</sub>). Likelihood ratio of positive (LR+) and negative (LR–) tests and prognostic odds ratio (pOR) of revealed markers as well as GK ADRs and GKD pre-test (Ppre) and post-test (Ppost) probabilities were calculated. Ppost was calculated by means of formula based on the Bayes theorem (Kullback information estimate). <h3>Results</h3> We revealed GK ADRs in 50.9% RA patients (CI<sub>95</sub> 46.3-55.5%), in 54.6% women and in 34.9% men (F, p<sub>2-t</sub>=0,0015). GK ADRs as GKD was revealed in 45.5% RA patients (CI<sub>95</sub> 41.0-50.2%): in 48.8% women and in 31.3% men (p<sub>2-t</sub>=0.0048). Ppre=50% in women and Ppre=30% in men. Thus female sex is a predictor of GK ADRs and GKD. We revealed no association between AB0, Rh0, MN, P and Lewis blood groups and GKD (p<sub>i</sub>) for GKD presence and absence were calculated for 3 ranges: J<sub>Hp1-1</sub>=0.252, J<sub>Hp2-1</sub>=0.058, J<sub>Hp2-2</sub>=0.204; total J<sub>i</sub>=0.514 was above the significant level (Jx<sub>i</sub>≥0.5). Diagnostic coefficients (DC) used for the GKD prognosis in women were -4.7, -1.1 and 1.9 correspondingly, so Hp<sub>1-1</sub> phenotype is GKD protective factor, and Hp<sub>2-2</sub> phenotype is GKD risk factor. Some HLA antigens associated with GKD (table 1). Their informative values for the GKD prognosis were calculated (table 2). Total Kullback information estimates for HLA A19, DR1 and DQ1 antigens were above the significant level (Jx<sub>i</sub>≥0.5). <h3>Conclusions</h3> HLA A19, DR1 and DQ1 antigens could be used as GKD predictors in the case of indefinite prognosis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
David Stanley Hinchcliff Cannon
Authors: Rosemary Courtney
Journal: BMJ (2016)

When David Stanley Hinchcliff Cannon returned to the UK after 10 years of service at the Wesley Guild Hospital in Ilesha, he was amused by the accolade given to him by his patients of having “contributed enormously to the population of Nigeria.”

His work on the effects of malaria on prematurity in pregnancy was published in The BMJ , and his contribution to the work of David Morley, subsequently professor of child health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, on innovating child care in the community saved the lives of thousands of children throughout Nigeria. This system was used in west Africa and, with other work, helped reduce infant mortality from 50% to 12%

David was a son of the Manse, born to the Reverend Arthur and Mrs Jessie Cannon on January 26 1927. His upbringing in the north of England during the depression gave him insight into real poverty. His peers were not allowed to attend school without shoes, and so his father started a campaign to provide shoes for them, thus making David aware of, and concerned about, people less fortunate than himself.

His undying Christian faith developed throughout his teenage life at Kingswood School for the children of Methodist ministers. During the war the school was evacuated to Uppingham, where David understood what it was like to be the underdog when, although sharing …
RDC alcoholism in patients with major affective syndromes: two-year course
Authors: D S Hasin, J Endicott, M B Keller
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

The authors examined the 2-year course of alcoholism as defined by Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) in 127 newly admitted patients with major affective syndromes and concurrent alcoholism at intake. The cumulative probability of remission (at least 6 months free of alcohol problems) in these patients was 0.67. Many of the remissions began within a few weeks of intake; the remaining were distributed over the follow-up period. Of the patients without remissions, 17% died, half by suicide. Diagnoses of schizoaffective disorder, indicators of alcohol dependence, and previous chronicity of alcohol problems predicted poor outcome of alcoholism, but none of these variables predicted subsequent relapse.
Surgical Management of Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Maria A. Kouvaraki, Suzanne E. Shapiro, Jeffrey E. Lee, Douglas B. Evans, Nancy D. Perrier
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2005)

Thyroid carcinoma has a unique biologic behavior characterized by early spread to regional lymph nodes and occasional extrathyroidal soft tissue extension but a low incidence of distant metastasis and infrequent disease-related death. Therefore, controversy exists over the proper extent of thyroidectomy and regional lymph node dissection in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). The modest disease-specific mortality makes it unlikely that the extent of surgery will ever be the subject of a prospective randomized trial. Although more extensive cervical surgery may have only a limited effect on the duration of survival in patients with DTC, it may significantly improve quality of life by minimizing cervical recurrence. The high rates of cervical recurrence in patients with DTC and MTC have alerted physicians to the importance of fine-needle aspiration biopsy and ultrasonography for the diagnosis, preoperative staging, and follow-up of thyroid cancer. In patients with MTC, death caused by disease is uncommon in the absence of radiographically evident distant metastasis at the time of thyroidectomy. Cervical recurrence is even more common with MTC, and the need for compartment-oriented lymphadenectomy is accepted as standard surgical treatment to minimize disease recurrence. Postoperatively, calcitonin (CT) levels can be used to guide clinical management, but basal CT levels should not be used to direct the timing of prophylactic thyroidectomy in affected high-risk patients with familial MTC.
The Common Marmoset as a Target Preclinical Primate Model for Cytokine and Gene Therapy Studies
Authors: Hitoshi Hibino, Kenzaburo Tani, Kenji Ikebuchi, Ming-Shiuan Wu, Hajime Sugiyama, Yukoh Nakazaki, Tsuyoshi Tanabe, Satoshi Takahashi, Arinobu Tojo, Shuzo Suzuki, Yoshikuni Tanioka, Yoshikazu Sugimoto, Tatsutoshi Nakahata, Shigetaka Asano
Journal: Blood (1999)
Mammary Cancer in C3H Mice of Different Sublines and Their Hybrids&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: John J. Bittner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1956)

Mammary Cancer in C3H Mice of Different Sublines and Their Hybrids Get access John J. Bittner John J. Bittner Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minn. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 16, Issue 5, April 1956, Pages 1263–1286, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/16.5.1263 Published: 01 April 1956 Article history Received: 30 June 1955 Published: 01 April 1956