tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Binge-Eating Disorder in Adults
Authors: Kimberly A. Brownley, Nancy D. Berkman, Christine M. Peat, Kathleen N. Lohr, Katherine E. Cullen, Carla M. Bann, Cynthia M. Bulik
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Background: The best treatment options for binge-eating disorder are unclear. Purpose: To summarize evidence about the benefits and harms of psychological and pharmacologic therapies for adults with binge-eating disorder. Data Sources: English-language publications in EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Academic OneFile, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov through 18 November 2015, and in MEDLINE through 12 May 2016. Study Selection: 9 waitlist-controlled psychological trials and 25 placebo-controlled trials that evaluated pharmacologic (n = 19) or combination (n = 6) treatment. All were randomized trials with low or medium risk of bias. Data Extraction: 2 reviewers independently extracted trial data, assessed risk of bias, and graded strength of evidence. Data Synthesis: Therapist-led cognitive behavioral therapy, lisdexamfetamine, and second-generation antidepressants (SGAs) decreased binge-eating frequency and increased binge-eating abstinence (relative risk, 4.95 [95% CI, 3.06 to 8.00], 2.61 [CI, 2.04 to 3.33], and 1.67 [CI, 1.24 to 2.26], respectively). Lisdexamfetamine (mean difference [MD], −6.50 [CI, −8.82 to −4.18]) and SGAs (MD, −3.84 [CI, −6.55 to −1.13]) reduced binge-eating–related obsessions and compulsions, and SGAs reduced symptoms of depression (MD, −1.97 [CI, −3.67 to −0.28]). Headache, gastrointestinal upset, sleep disturbance, and sympathetic nervous system arousal occurred more frequently with lisdexamfetamine than placebo (relative risk range, 1.63 to 4.28). Other forms of cognitive behavioral therapy and topiramate also increased abstinence and reduced binge-eating frequency and related psychopathology. Topiramate reduced weight and increased sympathetic nervous system arousal, and lisdexamfetamine reduced weight and appetite. Limitations: Most study participants were overweight or obese white women aged 20 to 40 years. Many treatments were examined only in single studies. Outcomes were measured inconsistently across trials and rarely assessed beyond end of treatment. Conclusion: Cognitive behavioral therapy, lisdexamfetamine, SGAs, and topiramate reduced binge eating and related psychopathology, and lisdexamfetamine and topiramate reduced weight in adults with binge-eating disorder. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Interventions to combat Vitamin D Deficiency in patients undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Andrea Z Pereira, Silvia MF Piovacari, Fabiana Lucio, Marcia Tanaka, Ana Paula N Barrere, Juliana Bernardo Silva, Andreza Alice Feitosa Ribeiro, Nelson Hamerschlak
Journal: Blood (2014)
Holographic Assessment of Lymphoma Tissue (HALT) for Global Oncology Field Applications
Authors: Divya Pathania, Hyungsoon Im, Aoife Kilcoyne, Aliyah R Sohani, Lioubov Fexon, Misha Pivovarov, Jeremy S Abramson, Thomas C Randall, Bruce A Chabner, Ralph Weissleder, Hakho Lee, Cesar M Castro
Journal: Theranostics (2016)

Low-cost, rapid and accurate detection technologies are key requisites to cope with the growing global cancer challenges. The need is particularly pronounced in resource-limited settings where treatment opportunities are often missed due to the absence of timely diagnoses. We herein describe a Holographic Assessment of Lymphoma Tissue (HALT) system that adopts a smartphone as the basis for molecular cancer diagnostics. The system detects malignant lymphoma cells labeled with marker-specific microbeads that produce unique holographic signatures. Importantly, we optimized HALT to detect lymphomas in fine-needle aspirates from superficial lymph nodes, procedures that align with the minimally invasive biopsy needs of resource-constrained regions. We equipped the platform to directly address the practical needs of employing novel technologies for "real world" use. The HALT assay generated readouts in <1.5 h and demonstrated good agreement with standard cytology and surgical pathology.
CTLA-4 Limits Anti-CD20–Mediated Tumor Regression
Authors: Zhenhua Ren, Jingya Guo, Jing Liao, Yan Luan, Zhida Liu, Zhichen Sun, Xiaojuan Liu, Yong Liang, Hua Peng, Yang-Xin Fu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

The inhibition of tumor growth by anti-CD20 antibody (Ab) treatment is mediated by Ab- and complement-dependent cytotoxicity in xenograft tumor models. In addition, anti-CD20 therapy for B-cell lymphoma can result in intrinsic and extrinsic tumor resistance to further Ab treatment. However, adaptive immune response-related resistance has not been well studied in anti-CD20-mediated tumor control, and adaptive immunity has long been underestimated. The purpose of this study was to explore whether T cells are involved in mediating the effects of anti-CD20 therapy and what factors contribute to adaptive immune response-related resistance.Using a syngeneic mouse B-cell lymphoma model, we investigated the role of CD8+ T cells in anti-CD20-mediated tumor regression. Furthermore, we revealed how the tumor-specific T-cell response was initiated by anti-CD20. Finally, we studied adaptive immune response-related resistance in advanced B-cell lymphoma.CD8+ T cells played an essential role in anti-CD20-mediated tumor regression. Mechanistically, anti-CD20 therapy promoted dendritic cell (DC)-mediated cross-presentation. Importantly, macrophages were also necessary for the increase in the tumor-specific CTL response after anti-CD20 treatment, via the production of type I IFN to activate DC function. Furthermore, adaptive resistance is gradually developed through the CTLA-4 pathway in Treg cells in larger lymphomas. Further blockade of CTLA-4 can synergize with anti-CD20 treatment in antitumor activities.The therapeutic function of anti-CD20 depends on tumor-specific CD8+ T-cell responses initiated by anti-CD20 through macrophages and DCs. CTLA-4 blockade can synergize with anti-CD20 to overcome adaptive immune response-related resistance in advanced B-cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res; 23(1); 193-203. ©2016 AACR.
Assessment of Lymph Node Ratio to Replace the pN Categories System of Classification of the TNM System in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yingjie Shao, Yiting Geng, Wendong Gu, Zhonghua Ning, Jin Huang, Honglei Pei, Jingting Jiang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)
Results of the 1976 APA Self-Assessment Program
Authors: S K Quick, C B Robinowitz, P T Wilson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

The authors describe the development and implementation of the third edition of the Psychiatric Knowledge and Skills Self-Assessment Program (PKSAP-III). An assessment of the performance of 4,137 participants in PKSAP-III according to their primary professional activity, time spent in continuing medical education (CME), Board certification, and geographical area reveal that participation in CME had a positive effect on test performance. The authors conclude that the PKSAP is most valuable as a diagnostic tool for the individual practitioner and as a resources tool to assist in structuring a curriculum for small group discussions.
Long-term outcomes of post-mastectomy radiation therapy in the setting of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer.
Authors: Winnifred M. Wong, Larissa A. Korde, Toni K. Roberts, Andrea L. Arnett, Dylan A. Mart, Brie S. Barnes, Moni B. Neradilek, Nayak L. Polissar, Joanne O. Amlag, Janice N. Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e12030 Background: The role of post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in those with T3N0 disease, younger age, and different tumor subtypes is unclear. Methods: We conducted a single institution, retrospective analysis of patients treated with NCT and mastectomy from 1985-2010. The primary objectives were to (1) assess the association between PMRT and long-term outcomes, and (2) describe outcomes and practice patterns based on tumor subtype, pathologic response, and age at diagnosis. Secondary objectives were to analyze the benefit of PMRT in those with favorable tumor subtypes, cT3N0 disease, and patients younger than 40. Log-rank test and Cox regression was used to test the association of predictors with outcomes. IRB approval was obtained. Results: Of 131 evaluable patients, 115 (88%) received PMRT. Mean±SD age was 48±10 years (range 29-79). Of patients &lt;40 years of age (n=33) 88% received PMRT. At diagnosis, 69.5% were cT3; 53.5% were cN1; 12.3% were cT3N0. Seventy-eight percent of patients received anthracycline-based NCT and 52% received both anthracycline and taxane NCT. Twenty-eight percent of all patients achieved pCR. With a median f/u of 39 months (range 8-177), 30.5% of patients had a recurrence event (6.9% local, 5.3% nodal, 16.8% distant). Ten year OS and DFS for all patients were 56.7% (95% CI, 43.5-73.8) and 66.1% (95% CI, 52.3-83.5), respectively. Those with pCR had a non-significant trend toward better outcome, with 10 year OS=68.0% vs. 54.0% (p=0.7); DFS=70.2% vs. 65.2% (p=1.0). In the Cox regression analysis, pathologic T-stage, triple negative disease, and tumor grade were significantly associated with OS; triple negative disease was also predictive of DFS. Benefit of PMRT was not analyzable in cT3N0 due to small numbers. Conclusions: Most patients had PMRT, with outcomes on par with historical data. Most patients &lt;40 years received PMRT, with no events for the non-PMRT cohort most likely due to selection bias. Unfavorable subgroups were not more likely to receive PMRT, but of those who did, only triple negative was predictive of outcome. A future non-PMRT matched cohort study is necessary to further elucidate the role of PMRT.
Hypersensitivities to sesame and other common edible seeds
Authors: A. Patel, S. L. Bahna
Journal: Allergy (2016)

Several seeds have been increasingly incorporated in various food items, with consequent risk of hypersensitivity reactions that are often severe. Identification of the specific seed as the culprit is often not explored or is difficult to verify. In this article, we reviewed the English literature from January 1930 to March 2016 using PubMed and Google Scholar searching for publications relevant to hypersensitivity to common edible seeds, namely sesame, sunflower seed, poppy seed, pumpkin seed, flaxseed, and mustard seed. Considering the worldwide consumption of those seeds, the number of published articles on the subject was relatively small and was mainly as case reports rather than large series. Allergy to sesame was more reported than to other seeds, with an estimated prevalence of 0.1-0.2%. In this review, we summarize the information relevant to each of the six seeds and their oils regarding the manifestations, routes of exposure, identified major allergens, and cross-reactivity with other seeds or other foods. We also addressed the important role of a thorough history taking in suspecting seed allergy, the limited reliability of routine diagnostic procedures, and the importance of verification by appropriate challenge tests. At present, management is basically dietary avoidance and the use of symptomatic medications that may include epinephrine auto-injectors. We did not encounter any well-designed studies on immunotherapy for seed allergy, but it is hoped that such a gap be filled by the development of safe effective protocols in the near future.
Glasgow Coma Scale Score in Survivors of Explosion With Possible Traumatic Brain Injury in Need of Neurosurgical Intervention
Authors: Itamar Ashkenazi, William P. Schecter, Kobi Peleg, Adi Givon, Oded Olsha, Fernando Turegano-Fuentes, Ricardo Alfici, Hany Bahouth, Alexander Becker, Michael Ben Ely, Alexander Braslavsky, Igor Jeroukhimov, Milad Qarawany, Boris Kessel, Yoram Klein, Guy Lin, Ofer Merin, Miklosh Bala, Youri Mnouskin, Avraham I. Rivkind, Gad Shaked, Dror Soffer, Michael Stein, Michael Weiss
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

Head injury following explosions is common. Rapid identification of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in need of neurosurgical intervention is complicated in a situation where multiple casualties are admitted following an explosion.To evaluate whether Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score or the Simplified Motor Score at presentation would identify patients with severe TBI in need of neurosurgical intervention.Analysis of clinical data recorded in the Israel National Trauma Registry of 1081 patients treated following terrorist bombings in the civilian setting between 1998 and 2005. Primary analysis of the data was conducted in 2009, and analysis was completed in 2015.Proportion of patients with TBI in need of neurosurgical intervention per GCS score or Simplified Motor Score.Of 1081 patients (median age, 29 years [range, 0-90 years]; 38.9% women), 198 (18.3%) were diagnosed as having TBI (48 mild and 150 severe). Severe TBI was diagnosed in 48 of 877 patients (5%) with a GCS score of 15 and in 99 of 171 patients (58%) with GCS scores of 3 to 14 (P < .001). In 65 patients with abnormal GCS (38%), no head injury was recorded. Nine of 877 patients (1%) with a GCS score of 15 were in need of a neurosurgical operation, and fewer than 51 of the 171 patients (30%) with GCS scores of 3 to 14 had a neurosurgical operation (P < .001). No difference was found between the proportion of patients in need of neurosurgery with GCS scores of 3 to 8 and those with GCS scores of 9 to 14 (30% vs 27%; P = .83). When the Simplified Motor Score and GCS were compared with respect to their ability to identify patients in need of neurosurgical interventions, no difference was found between the 2 scores.Following an explosion in the civilian setting, 65 patients (38%) with GCS scores of 3 to 14 did not experience severe TBI. The proportion of patients with severe TBI and severe TBI in need of a neurosurgical intervention were similar in patients presenting with GCS scores of 3 to 8 and GCS scores of 9 to 14. In this study, GCS and Simplified Motor Score did not help identify patients with severe TBI in need of a neurosurgical intervention.
Correspondence
Authors: Bernardo H. L. Goulart, Scott D. Ramsey
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2013)

the development of standardized screening practices (eg, protocols for imaging acquisition, reporting of results); processes for careful selection of candidates; creation of registries for continuous data collection and reassessment of outcomes in real practices, including false-positive rates, costs, and patient-reported outcomes. 4 By promoting standardized practices and continuously monitoring outcomes, health care institutions will ensure that patients realize the benefits of screening while avoiding unnecessary escalation in costs.
P-006 Hypermethylation of APC, CDH13, MLH1, MGMT, P16 and RASSF1A promoter regions in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: O. Kit, D. Vodolazhsky, N. Timoshkina, L. Vladimirova, K. Dvadnenko, D. Kutilin
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
P-103 Prognostic factors for survival in patients with advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma treated with gemcitabine plus cisplatin as first line treatment
Authors: U. Ishimoto, M. Sasaki, S. Kondo, Y. Sakamoto, C. Morizane, H. Ueno, T. Okusaka
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Preeti N. Malani
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the virus that causes AIDS.What Is HIV? How to Prevent HIV infectionLimit the number of sexual partners and avoid high-risk sexual exposure.Correctly use a new condom during any sexual contact.Do not share needles or drug injection equipment.Ask your doctor about daily medication to decrease the risk of getting HIV from sex or injection drug use.
Rhesus Macaque NK Cells Expanded Ex Vivo Undergo Similar Phenotypic and Functional Changes Observed With Expanded Human NK Cells Providing An Excellent Model To Optimize Adoptive NK Cell Transfer
Authors: Jan K. Davidson-Moncada, Richard Childs, Cynthia E. Dunbar, Robert Reger, Ritesh Kotecha, Maria Berg, Chuanfeng Wu
Journal: Blood (2013)
Hematologic safety data from four phase II studies of single-agent carfilzomib in relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Ajay K. Nooka, Ashraf Z. Badros, Priti Patel, Leanne McCulloch, Sagar Lonial, Jonathan L. Kaufman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

8086 Background: Carfilzomib (CFZ) is a next-generation proteasome inhibitor that is currently being evaluated in patients (pts) with multiple myeloma (MM). Given that the majority of pts with MM exhibit either disease- or therapy-related myelosuppression sometime in the course of their disease, detailed evaluation of treatment-emergent hematologic safety data with CFZ is of significant interest. In the following analysis, we report the hematologic safety profile for single-agent CFZ from 526 pts treated in four phase 2 studies. Methods: Pts treated with CFZ in trials 003-A0, 003-A1, 004, and 005 were included in the analysis. Pts with preexisting hematologic abnormalities of Grade (G) 0–2 (G0–3 for 005) were eligible to enroll. CFZ was dosed in all studies on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 of a 28-day cycle (C). Doses were 20 mg/m 2 in C1 for all studies escalating to 27 mg/m 2 in C2 per individual protocol, except 005 (15 mg/m 2 in C1, 20 mg/m 2 in C2, and 27 mg/m 2 in C3). Incidence, frequency, and severity of thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, and anemia were analyzed in terms of adverse events (AEs) of interest. Laboratory data were analyzed for trends over time. Results: See table below for summary of hematologic events. In general, platelet counts trended down, reached a nadir by Day 8 of a 28-day treatment cycle, and normalized before the start of next cycle. There was no evidence of cumulative thrombocytopenia or clinically significant episodes of bleeding associated with thrombocytopenia. Febrile neutropenia was reported in 1% of pts. No mortality due to hematologic events was reported. Conclusions: Hematologic AEs, although common with CFZ treatment, were infrequently dose limiting. Clinically significant G3/4 cytopenias were both infrequent and transient. In summary, the hematological safety profile of CFZ was similar to or better than currently approved MM therapies, providing further evidence of its acceptable safety profile in heavily pretreated MM pts. Summary of hematologic events. [Table: see text]
Induction of Alloantigen Specific CD4 T Cell Anergy by B7: CD28 Mediated Costimulatory Blockade Significantly Alters the Functional Program of Bystander CD8, Monocytes, NK and B Cells.
Authors: Gullu Gorgun, Fenglong Liu, Eleanor Howe, Patrick Philpot, Eva Guinan, Lee Nadler
Journal: Blood (2006)
Tumor-associated Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Promote Lymphatic Metastasis By Highly Expressing and Secreting SEMA4C
Authors: Jun-Cheng Wei, Jie Yang, Dan Liu, Ming-Fu Wu, Long Qiao, Jun-Nai Wang, Quan-Fu Ma, Zhen Zeng, Shuang-Mei Ye, En-Song Guo, Xue-Feng Jiang, Lan-Ying You, Ying Chen, Li Zhou, Xiao-Yuan Huang, Tao Zhu, Li Meng, Jian-Feng Zhou, Zuo-Hua Feng, Ding Ma, Qing-Lei Gao
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Lymphatic vessels are mainly regarded as passive conduits for the dissemination of cancer cells. In this study, we investigate whether and how the tumor-associated lymphatic vessels may play an active role in tumor metastasis.In situ laser capture microdissection of lymphatic vessels followed by cDNA microarray analysis was used to determine the expression profiling of lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC). Gene expression levels and activity of signaling pathways were measured by real-time RT-PCR, ELISA, or immunoblotting. Lymphangiogenesis was assessed by IHC. Lymph node metastasis was measured using fluorescence imaging. The effects of SEMA4C on lymphangiogenesis in vitro were evaluated using migration assay and tube-formation assay of LECs.Tumor-associated LECs are molecularly and functionally different from their normal counterparts. In addition to expressing high levels of membrane-bound SEMA4C, tumor-associated LECs also produced soluble SEMA4C (sSEMA4C). Increased serum sSEMA4C was detected in patients with breast cancer and cervical cancer. Patients with metastasis had much higher levels of serum sSEMA4C. sSEMA4C promoted lymphangiogenesis by activating PlexinB2-ERBB2 signaling in LECs, and promoted the proliferation and migration of tumor cells by activating PlexinB2-MET signaling, thus promoting lymphatic metastasis. Although the SEMA4C signaling pathways differ between LECs and tumor cells, RHOA activation was necessary for the effects of SEMA4C in both types of cells.Tumor-associated LECs produce sSEMA4C to promote lymphatic metastasis of tumors. Our results suggest that SEMA4C and RHOA might be potential therapeutic targets, and that higher serum sSEMA4C could be a marker for breast cancer and cervical cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 23(1); 214-24. ©2016 AACR.
Tiazofurin Down-Regulates Expression of c-Ki-<i>ras</i> Oncogene in a Leukemic Patient
Authors: George Weber, Masami Nagai, Yutaka Natsumeda, John N. Eble, Hiremagalur N. Jayaram, Edith Paulik, Weining Zhen, Ronald Hoffman, Guido Tricot
Journal: Cancer Communications (1991)

The increased activity in cancer cells of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DH, EC 1.1.1.205), the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo GTP biosynthesis, was suggested as a sensitive target for chemotherapy. Tiazofurin (NSC 286193), through its conversion to the active metabolite, thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), is a strong inhibitor of IMP DH. In our clinical trial, tiazofurin caused return to the chronic phase in patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia in blast crisis (Tricot, G.; Jayaram, H.N.; Weber, G.; Hoffman, R. Tiazofurin: Biological effects and clinical uses. Int. J. Cell Cloning 8:161-170; 1990). In K562 human leukemic cells, tiazofurin down-regulated the expression of c-Ki-ras and c-myc oncogenes, which was followed by induced differentiation. We now report down-regulation by tiazofurin of the c-Ki-ras oncogene in a patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia in blast crisis. A single tiazofurin infusion (2,200 mg/m2) on days one and two decreased IMP dehydrogenase activity (the apparent t1/2 was 30 min), GTP concentration (the apparent t1/2 was 6 hr), and expression of ras (the apparent t1/2 was 8 hr) and c-myc (the apparent t1/2 was 38.5 hr) oncogenes in the leukemic cells. No further tiazofurin was given, because on days three and four the chemotherapeutic impact became evident in a tumor-lysis syndrome and the blast cells were cleared from the periphery by day five. The decrease in IMP DH activity, GTP concentration, and expression of c-Ki-ras oncogene were early markers of the successful chemotherapeutic impact of tiazofurin in a patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia in blast crisis.
The crisis group--an outcome study
Authors: J M Donovan, M J Bennett, C M McElroy
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

The authors describe the day-to-day functioning and outcome of an 8-session, active, crisis-oriented outpatient psychotherapy group. Symptoms of anxiety and depression improved significantly in participants of the crisis group; these changes were even more positive at 1-year follow-up. The authors speculate that the success of the crisis group can be attributed to the felicitous characteristics of the patients and to the group structure and function, which provided an excellent vehicle for crisis intervention management.