tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The convergent and divergent evolution of social-behavioral economics
Authors: Bernard J Crespi
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2016)

Abstract Human hunter-gatherers share a suite of traits with social insects, which demonstrates convergent social evolution of these taxa prior to agriculture. Humans differ from social insects in that their divisions of labor are more competitive than cooperative. Resulting higher within-group competition in humans has been alleviated by religion and culturally imposed monogamy, both of which also find parallels among social insects.
Payments to Physicians, Prescribing Rates, and More Appropriate Conclusions—Reply
Authors: James Song-Jeng Yeh, Jessica M. Franklin, Aaron S. Kesselheim
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Effectiveness of a brief community outreach tobacco cessation intervention in India: a cluster-randomised controlled trial (the BABEX Trial)
Authors: Bidyut K Sarkar, Robert West, Monika Arora, Jasjit S Ahluwalia, K Srinath Reddy, Lion Shahab
Journal: Thorax (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> Tobacco use kills half a million people every month, most in low–middle income countries (LMICs). There is an urgent need to identify potentially low-cost, scalable tobacco cessation interventions for these countries. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate a brief community outreach intervention delivered by health workers to promote tobacco cessation in India. <h3>Design</h3> Cluster-randomised controlled trial. <h3>Setting</h3> 32 low-income administrative blocks in Delhi, half government authorised ('resettlement colony') and half unauthorised ('J.J. cluster') communities. <h3>Participants</h3> 1213 adult tobacco users. <h3>Interventions</h3> Administrative blocks were computer randomised in a 1:1 ratio, to the intervention (16 clusters; n=611) or control treatment (16 clusters; n=602), delivered and assessed at individual level between 07/2012 and 11/2013. The intervention was single session quit advice (15 min) plus a single training session in yogic breathing exercises; the control condition comprised very brief quit advice (1 min) alone. Both were delivered via outreach, with contact made though household visits. <h3>Measurements</h3> The primary outcome was 6-month sustained abstinence from all tobacco, assessed 7 months post intervention delivery, biochemically verified with salivary cotinine. <h3>Results</h3> The smoking cessation rate was higher in the intervention group (2.6% (16/611)) than in the control group (0.5% (3/602)) (relative risk=5.32, 95% CI 1.43 to 19.74, p=0.013). There was no interaction with type of tobacco use (smoked vs smokeless). Results did not change materially in adjusted analyses, controlling for participant characteristics. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A single session community outreach intervention can increase tobacco cessation in LMIC. The effect size, while small, could impact public health if scaled up with high coverage. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> ISRCTCN23362894.
Enrichment of Scleroderma Vascular Disease–Associated Autoantigens in Endothelial Lineage Cells
Authors: Zsuzsanna H. McMahan, Tricia R. Cottrell, Fredrick M. Wigley, Brendan Antiochos, Elias T. Zambidis, Tea Soon Park, Marc K. Halushka, Laura Gutierrez‐Alamillo, Raffaello Cimbro, Antony Rosen, Livia Casciola‐Rosen
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2016)

Objective Scleroderma patients with autoantibodies to CENPs and/or interferon‐inducible protein 16 (IFI‐16) are at increased risk of severe vascular complications. This study was undertaken to determine whether these autoantigens are enriched in cells of the vasculature. Methods Successive stages of embryoid bodies (EBs) as well as vascular progenitors were used to evaluate the expression of scleroderma autoantigens IFI‐16 and CENP by immunoblotting. CD31 was included to mark early blood vessels. IFI‐16 and CD31 expression were defined in paraffin‐embedded skin sections from scleroderma patients and from healthy controls. IFI‐16 expression was determined by flow cytometric analysis in circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells. Results Expression of CENP‐A, IFI‐16, and CD31 was enriched in EBs on days 10 and 12 of differentiation, and particularly in cultures enriched in vascular progenitors (IFI‐16, CD31, and CENPs A and B). This pattern was distinct from that of comparator autoantigens. Immunohistochemical staining of paraffin‐embedded skin sections showed enrichment of IFI‐16 in CD31‐positive vascular endothelial cells in biopsy specimens from scleroderma patients and normal controls. Flow cytometric analysis revealed IFI‐16 expression in circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells but minimal expression in CECs. Conclusion Our findings indicate that expression of the scleroderma autoantigens IFI‐16 and CENPs, which are associated with severe vascular disease, is increased in vascular progenitors and mature endothelial cells. High level, lineage‐enriched expression of autoantigens may explain the striking association between clinical phenotypes and the immune targeting of specific autoantigens.
Highlights of Recent Studies of Metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Howard (Jack) West
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Radium-223 chloride impact on skeletal-related events in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with bone metastases: A phase III randomized trial (ALSYMPCA).
Authors: A. Oliver Sartor, Daniel Heinrich, Svein Inge Helle, Joe M. O'Sullivan, Sophie D. Fossa, Ales Chodacki, Tomasz Demkow, John P. Logue, Mihalj Seke, Anders Widmark, Dag Clement Johannessen, Sten Nilsson, Peter Hoskin, Arne Solberg, Nicholas David James, Isabel Syndikus, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, C. Gillies O'Bryan-Tear, Minghua Shan, Chris Parker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

9 Background: Radium-223 chloride (Ra-223) is a 1st-in-class alpha-pharmaceutical targeting bone metastases (mets) with high-energy alpha-particles of short range (&lt;100 μm). ALSYMPCA, a phase III, double-blind, randomized, multinational study, compared Ra-223 plus best standard of care (BSC) vs placebo (pbo) plus BSC in patients (pts) with bone mets in CRPC. The primary endpoint was OS; secondary endpoints included skeletal-related events (SREs). Methods: Eligible pts had progressive, symptomatic CRPC with ≥ 2 bone mets on scintigraphy and no known visceral mets; were receiving BSC; and either previously received docetaxel, were docetaxel ineligible, or refused docetaxel. Pts were randomized 2:1 to receive 6 injections of Ra‐223 (50 kBq/kg IV) q4 wks or matching pbo and stratified by prior docetaxel use, baseline alkaline phosphatase level, and current bisphosphonate use. Results: 922 pts (Ra-223, n = 615; pbo, n = 307) were randomized from 6/2008-2/2011. Based on data from a planned interim analysis (n = 809), unblinded June 2011, Ra-223 significantly improved OS in pts with CRPC with bone mets vs pbo (median OS 14.0 vs 11.2 mo, respectively; two-sided P = 0.00185; HR = 0.695; 95% CI, 0.552-0.875). SREs were lower in the Ra-223 vs pbo group, and time to 1st SRE was significantly delayed (median time to SRE 13.6 mo vs 8.4 mo, respectively; P = .00046; HR = .610; 95% CI, .461-.807). Conclusions: Ra-223 significantly delayed time to 1st SRE and SRE components, except surgical intervention. These reductions in SREs, particularly SCC, are noteworthy. Ra-223 is an effective therapy with a highly favorable safety profile and may provide a new standard of care for treatment of CRPC pts with bone mets. [Table: see text]
A randomized phase II trial of maintenance versus consolidation bortezomib therapy following aggressive chemo-immunotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant for previously untreated mantle cell lymphoma.
Authors: L. D. Kaplan, S. Jung, J. L. Johnson, C. A. Linker, J. C. Byrd, W. Stock, E. D. Hsi, B. D. Cheson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

TPS306 Background: MCL is an aggressive and incurable B-cell lymphoma characterized by frequent late recurrences and median progression free survival of only 18 months following CHOP/R-CHOP chemotherapy. In CALGB 59909 (JCO 27: 6101; 2009) patients treated with aggressive immunochemotherapy followed by autologous transplant achieved a five-year PFS of 56%. However, late recurrences continue to be observed. In the current trial, the CALGB 59909 treatment program is utilized followed by randomization to one of two post-transplant B administration schedules with the hope of reducing the frequency of late recurrence. Methods: Patients with untreated MCL (cyclin D1-positive) excluding mantle zone or stage I/II nodular histologies are eligible if HIV-negative, with an LV ejection fraction of >45%, and creatinine < 2 mg/dL. A single prior cycle of chemotherapy or rituximab (R) is allowed. Exclusions include symptomatic leptomeningeal disease or parenchymal brain involvement. Induction is with 2-3 cycles of R, methotrexate (M), cyclophosphamide (2 gm/m2), doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (R-M-CHOP). Responders are mobilized with etoposide (40 mg/kg IV over 96 hours, d1-4), cytarabine (2 gm/m2 q12hr d1-4) and R (375 mg/m2 days 5 and 12) followed by autografting using a cyclophosphamide, carmustine, and etoposide (CBV) preparative regimen. Following two doses post-transplant R patients are randomized to 4 cycles of B consolidation (1.3 mg/m2 days 1, 4, 8, 11) or 18 months of maintenance B (1.6 mg/m2 days 1, 8, 15, 22 given on alternate months). The primary endpoint is PFS. Secondary objectives include B toxicity, response rates, and overall survival. Correlative studies assess the impact of p53 mutational status, Ki67, phosphohistone 3, p27, p21, p16, and PARP p85 expression, quantitative cyclin D1 expression, proliferation signature, and early eradication of minimal residual disease on outcome. The study was activated 6/30/06. 140 patients will be enrolled at CALGB institutions and 68 of the planned 100 have been randomized as of 1/4/2010. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Millennium Genentech
The impact of drug administration sequence in a triplet chemotherapy comprising cisplatin, docetaxel and gemcitabine in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A phase II study of the Okayama Lung Cancer Study Group (OLCSG)
Authors: T. Kozuki, H. Kamei, A. Tada, S. Harita, K. Matsuo, M. Tabata, K. Kiura, H. Ueoka, S. Hiraki, M. Tanimoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

7249 Background: We have previously conducted a phase II study of a triplet chemotherapy with administration sequence of gemcitabine (GEM), docetaxel (DCT) and cisplatin (CDDP) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The objective response rate was 34%, and median survival time (MST) and 1-year survival rate (1-ys) were 12.9 months and 55%, respectively (Proc. ASCO #2663, 2002), which were relatively good. However, Zoli W et al reported that synergistic effect was more prominent by administration sequence of DCT followed by GEM compared with the inverse sequence (BJC, 1999). In order to improve the treatment outcome, we then conducted a phase II study of the same triplet chemotherapy with administration sequence of DCT, CDDP and GEM. Methods: In this study, patients with unresectable stage IIIB or IV NSCLC were eligible. All drugs were given intravenously on days 1 and 8, and repeated every 4 weeks up to 4 cycles. DCT (30 mg/m2 by 90 min-infusion) was given first, followed by CDDP (40 mg/m2 by 90 min-infusion) and GEM (800 mg/m2 by 30 min-infusion). Results: Between October 2001 and March 2003, 34 patients were enrolled. Characteristics of patients were as follows: median age, 59 (range 28–75); PS 0/1/2, 15/17/2; stage IIIB/IV, 4/30; adeno/squamous/large/other, 27/5/1/1. An objective response rate was 38% (95% CI: 22–56%). As grade 3 or 4 hematological toxicities, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia were observed in 71%, 41% and 21%, respectively. As grade 3 or 4 non-hematological toxicities, diarrhea, liver dysfunction, neutropenic fever, and infection were observed in 9%, 18%, 12%, and 6%, respectively. The MST and 1-ys were 13.3 months (95%CI: 7.8–18.7 months) and 55% (95%CI: 38–73%), respectively. These results were not significantly different from those of the previous study. Conclusions: This triplet chemotherapy is well tolerated and effective in patients with advanced NSCLC, however, the treatment outcome was not significantly influenced by the administration sequence of DCT and GEM. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Pomalidomide for Symptomatic Kaposi's Sarcoma in People With and Without HIV Infection: A Phase I/II Study
Authors: Mark N. Polizzotto, Thomas S. Uldrick, Kathleen M. Wyvill, Karen Aleman, Cody J. Peer, Margaret Bevans, Irini Sereti, Frank Maldarelli, Denise Whitby, Vickie Marshall, Priscila H. Goncalves, Vikram Khetani, William D. Figg, Seth M. Steinberg, Jerome B. Zeldis, Robert Yarchoan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

Purpose Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a multicentric tumor caused by Kaposi's sarcoma–associated herpesvirus. Unmet needs include therapies that are oral, anthracycline sparing, and deliverable in resource-limited settings. We evaluated pomalidomide, an oral immune modulatory agent, in patients with symptomatic KS. Methods The primary objectives were to assess tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and activity. Initial dosage level was 5 mg once per day for 21 days per 28-day cycle, with a de-escalated level of 3 mg if not tolerable, and aspirin 81 mg once per day thromboprophylaxis. HIV-infected patients required controlled viremia with either persistent KS despite 3 months of antiretroviral therapy (ART) or progressive KS despite 2 months of ART. Evaluations included tumor response and health-related quality of life (HRQL). Results Twenty-two patients were treated; 15 (68%) were HIV infected, 17 (77%) had advanced (T1) disease, and 17 (77%) previous KS therapy excluding ART. All were treated with 5 mg because no dose-limiting toxicities occurred. Over 156 cycles, the grade 3/4 adverse events possibly attributable to therapy were neutropenia (23 cycles, 10 patients), infection (1 cycle), and edema (1 cycle). Sixteen patients responded (73%; 95% CI, 50% to 89%): nine of 15 HIV-infected patients (60%; 95% CI, 32% to 84%) and all seven HIV-uninfected patients (100%; 95% CI, 59% to 100%). Median time to response was 4 weeks (range, 4 to 36 weeks). HRQL showed no impairment during therapy and improved satisfaction with appearance at end therapy ( P = .03). Significant increases in CD4 + and CD8 + cells were seen in patients with and without HIV, together with a transient increase in Kaposi's sarcoma–associated herpesvirus viral load at week 4 ( P = .05). Conclusion Pomalidomide is well tolerated and active in KS regardless of HIV status. Responses were rapid, with improved self-reported outcomes, and occurred in advanced and heavily pretreated disease. Correlative studies support, at least in part, an immunologic mechanism of activity.
Should We Abandon Routine Visits?
Authors: Stephen J. Gluckman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Letters4 October 2016Should We Abandon Routine Visits?Stephen J. Gluckman, MDStephen J. Gluckman, MDFrom Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L16-0325 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Himmelstein and Phillips (1) make several excellent arguments. However, trying to determine whether the literature supports a morbidity or mortality benefit to annual examinations is not the best way to judge merit.Annual examinations accomplish much more than attempting to uncover potentially life-threatening, latent disease. They are opportunities for reinforcing and congratulating patients who have successfully lost weight, decreased excessive alcohol intake, or stopped smoking. For patients less successful, they offer the opportunity to discuss and strategize to achieve these goals. Discussing topics that many patients might not make an appointment for but that might affect patient ...Reference1. Himmelstein DU, Phillips RS. Should we abandon routine visits? There is little evidence for or against. Ann Intern Med. 2016;164:498-9. [PMID: 26747523]. doi:10.7326/M15-2097 LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Disclosures: Authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L16-0325. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoShould We Abandon Routine Visits? There Is Little Evidence for or Against David U. Himmelstein and Russell S. Phillips Should We Abandon Routine Visits? Thomas J. Poulton Should We Abandon Routine Visits? David U. Himmelstein and Russell S. Phillips Should We Abandon Routine Visits? Daniel Pomerantz Should We Abandon Routine Visits? William R. Phillips Metrics 4 October 2016Volume 165, Issue 7Page: 529KeywordsAlcoholsCandidaConflicts of interestDisclosureMedical risk factorsMorbidityMortalityPrimary care physiciansQuality of life ePublished: 4 October 2016 Issue Published: 4 October 2016 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2016 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Hybrid Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles Potentiate Radiation Therapy by Modulating Tumor Hypoxia
Authors: Azhar Z. Abbasi, Claudia R. Gordijo, Mohammad Ali Amini, Azusa Maeda, Andrew M. Rauth, Ralph S. DaCosta, Xiao Yu Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment (TME) mediates resistance to radiotherapy and contributes to poor prognosis in patients receiving radiotherapy. Here we report the design of clinically suitable formulations of hybrid manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoparticles (MDNP) using biocompatible materials to reoxygenate the TME by reacting with endogenous H2O2 MDNP containing hydrophilic terpolymer-protein-MnO2 or hydrophobic polymer-lipid-MnO2 provided different oxygen generation rates in the TME relevant to different clinical settings. In highly hypoxic murine or human xenograft breast tumor models, we found that administering either MDNP formulation before radiotherapy modulated tumor hypoxia and increased radiotherapy efficacy, acting to reduce tumor growth, VEGF expression, and vascular density. MDNP treatment also increased apoptosis and DNA double strand breaks, increasing median host survival 3- to 5-fold. Notably, in the murine model, approximately 40% of tumor-bearing mice were tumor-free after a single treatment with MDNPs plus radiotherapy at a 2.5-fold lower dose than required to achieve the same curative treatment without MDNPs. Overall, our findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for the use of MDNP formulations as effective radiotherapy adjuvants. Cancer Res; 76(22); 6643-56. ©2016 AACR.