tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Value of a Tracing of Forced Expiration (Expirogram)
Authors: Alan L. Michelson, William Franklin, Francis C. Lowell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE clinical application of a kymographic record of a maximal expiration (expirogram) in the diagnosis and management of pulmonary disease was discussed in a previous paper, in which the advantages of tracings over other means of obtaining the so-called "timed capacity" were pointed out.1 We are presenting evidence here that such tracings are also of value in the management of cardiovascular disease.The congestion of the pulmonary vascular bed in left-sided heart failure causes a decrease in the vital capacity.2 3 4 However, little attention has been paid to associated changes in the speed of expiration, which is also often altered in . . .
Medical Delphination
Authors: F.J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

At the Temple of Apollo at Delphi in the year 300 B.C. or thereabouts, devotees submitted their urgent questions to a female soothsayer known as the pythoness. Unfortunately, the mantic murmurs with which this personage responded were unintelligible to the anxious inquirer. Thus, translation by a group of "holy men" was necessary to put the news, good or bad, into language for which the Greeks had a word. Such a system is susceptible to bureaucratic distortion, but the consultor presumably received the benefits of divination by an individual.In the modern version of the Delphi system, however, divination, like any . . .
Laying a Community-Based Foundation for Data-Driven Semantic Standards in Environmental Health Sciences
Authors: Carolyn J. Mattingly, Rebecca Boyles, Cindy P. Lawler, Astrid C. Haugen, Allen Dearry, Melissa Haendel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Despite increasing availability of environmental health science (EHS) data, development, and implementation of relevant semantic standards, such as ontologies or hierarchical vocabularies, has lagged. Consequently, integration and analysis of information needed to better model environmental influences on human health remains a significant challenge.We aimed to identify a committed community and mechanisms needed to develop EHS semantic standards that will advance understanding about the impacts of environmental exposures on human disease.The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences sponsored the "Workshop for the Development of a Framework for Environmental Health Science Language" hosted at North Carolina State University on 15-16 September 2014. Through the assembly of data generators, users, publishers, and funders, we aimed to develop a foundation for enabling the development of community-based and data-driven standards that will ultimately improve standardization, sharing, and interoperability of EHS information.Creating and maintaining an EHS common language is a continuous and iterative process, requiring community building around research interests and needs, enabling integration and reuse of existing data, and providing a low barrier of access for researchers needing to use or extend such a resource.Recommendations included developing a community-supported web-based toolkit that would enable a) collaborative development of EHS research questions and use cases, b) construction of user-friendly tools for searching and extending existing semantic resources, c) education and guidance about standards and their implementation, and d) creation of a plan for governance and sustainability.Mattingly CJ, Boyles R, Lawler CP, Haugen AC, Dearry A, Haendel M. 2016. Laying a community-based foundation for data-driven semantic standards in environmental health sciences. Environ Health Perspect 124:1136-1140; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510438.
Measurement of Average and Total Cell Volume During the Growth of Ascites Tumors
Authors: Mary E. Rice, Emma Shelton
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1958)

The average volume of the cells of three lymphocytic ascites tumors was measured by two different methods: cell diameter and hematocrit-cell-count determinations. It was shown that the average cell volume decreased during the growth of two of the tumors. These changes in average cell volume during tumor growth could only be demonstrated by data obtained from cell-diameter measurements. It was found that, although the average cell volumes obtained by the microhematocrit-cell-count method were in over-all agreement with the cell-diameter measurements, the Poisson error in the cell count was large enough to mask the consistent decrease in cell volume that occurred during tumor growth. When the hematocrit method was used together with a dye-dilution method to determine the total volume of tumor cells in the ascitic fluid, a decrease in cell volume with increasing tumor age could be demonstrated. A plot of the increase in total cell number and total cell volume during tumor growth showed that in the later phases of growth the slope of the number curve exceeded that of the volume curve.
Clinical Applications of NanoVelcro Rare-Cell Assays for Detection and Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Jie-Fu Chen, Yazhen Zhu, Yi-Tsung Lu, Elisabeth Hodara, Shuang Hou, Vatche G Agopian, James S Tomlinson, Edwin M Posadas, Hsian-Rong Tseng
Journal: Theranostics (2016)

Liquid biopsy of tumor through isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) allows non-invasive, repetitive, and systemic sampling of disease. Although detecting and enumerating CTCs is of prognostic significance in metastatic cancer, it is conceivable that performing molecular and functional characterization on CTCs will reveal unprecedented insight into the pathogenic mechanisms driving lethal disease. Nanomaterial-embedded cancer diagnostic platforms, i.e., NanoVelcro CTC Assays represent a unique rare-cell sorting method that enables detection isolation, and characterization of CTCs in peripheral blood, providing an opportunity to noninvasively monitor disease progression in individual cancer patients. Over the past decade, a series of NanoVelcro CTC Assays has been demonstrated for exploring the full potential of CTCs as a clinical biomarker, including CTC enumeration, phenotyping, genotyping and expression profiling. In this review article, the authors will briefly introduce the development of three generations of NanoVelcro CTC Assays, and highlight the clinical applications of each generation for various types of solid cancers, including prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma.
Autonomy
Authors: Lewis Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

WORKING a typewriter by touch, like riding a bicycle or strolling on a path, is best done by not giving it a glancing thought. Once you do, your fingers fumble and hit the wrong keys. To do things involving practiced skills, you need to turn loose the systems of muscles and nerves responsible for each maneuver, place them on their own, and stay out of it. There is no real loss of authority in this, since you get to decide whether to do the thing or not, and you can intervene and embellish the technic any time you like; if . . .
Ten years of change in alcoholism treatment and delivery systems
Authors: E M Pattison
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

The author reviews the major advances in concepts and methods that have been made in the treatment of alcoholism over the past decade but finds little change in the everyday operation of treatment programs. He examines the ideological differences between professionals and paraprofessionals in the field, the changes in treatment goals that have been made, the different types of alcoholic patients and their different needs and responses to treatment, the uses and misuses of drug therapies, the relatively unexamined values of psychotherapy, the recently successful behavioral therapies, and treatment delivery systems and their evaluation.
Parent assessment in research on the vulnerability of children and families to mental disorder
Authors: J Romano, R H Geertsma
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

The research methodology for a current study of the assessment of family factors as they relate to the development of psychopathology in high-risk children is described. Factor analysis of preliminary data from 83 families led to the construction of 6 rating scales on the emotional health of the patient, spouse, and child; the family; and the marriage; these should prove valuable in predicting the outcome of the index child and his family.
Dose escalation of imatinib in CML patients with sub-optimal response to conventional dosage: Is it worth it?
Authors: U. Batra, L. Dasappa, K. C. Lakshmiah, K. Babu, K. Saini, A. Jain, K. V. Sajeevan, T. Singh, P. P. Bapsy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

18026 Background: Imatinib at a standard dosage of 400 mg induces cytogenetic remission in 75% of newly diagnosed patients. However, twenty percent of the Chronic phase and two thirds of the Accelerated phase will not achieve a major cytogenetic response with standard initial doses of imatinib. The optimal treatment for this group of patients is uncertain. Aim: To analyze the effects of increasing Imatinib dose in patients who failed to achieve either adequate cytogenetic response or progressed to accelerated phase while on treatment with Imatinib at 400 mg/day. Methods: 50 patients with an initial diagnosis of CML who failed to achieve either adequate cytogenetic response or progressed to accelerated phase while on treatment with Imatinib at 400 mg/day were assigned to receive an increased dose of Imatinib (600 mg or 800 mg). Cytogenetic response, hematological response, accelerated phase were defined as per WHO criteria. Results: A total of 50 patients had their dose increased from 400 mg to 600 or 800 mg/day. Out of these, 30 patients had accelerated phase CML and 20 had sub optimal response. Conclusions: Our data does not support the notion that increasing the dose of Imatinib leads to an improved survival in patients who progress on standard dose. Even in patients who do respond initially, these responses are not durable. Accelerated phase Inadequate response N 30 20 Median time to increasing dose 6 months 14 months Median time on increased dose 4.3 months 6 months No of patients achieving a cytogenetic response 5% 25% No of patients achieving a hematological response 70% 85% Time to Achieve hematological response 8 weeks 4 weeks Grade III/ IV hematological toxicities 30% 20% No significant financial relationships to disclose.
LG-75CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOME OF SPINAL CORD ASTRCYTOMAS IN CHILDREN: A SINGLE INSTITUTION EXPERIENCE
Authors: Linda Le, Hung Tran, Debra Hawes, Benita Tamrazi, Alexander Judkins, Nathan Robison, Ashley Margol, Chenue Abongwa, Girish Dhall
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

Spinal cord glioma (SCG) is the most common intramedullary tumor in children.While pediatric intracranial gliomas are well-described, characteristics and outcomes of SCG are not well understood.A retrospective chart review was performed on patients diagnosed with spinal cord glioma and treated at Children's Hospital Los Angeles from June 1990-June 2011.Central pathology and radiology review was performed on all patients.An institutional review board (IRB) approval was obtained to review the charts for clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.Twenty two patients were identified, including 13 with low-grade (3 diffuse astrocytoma, 4 ganglioglioma, 4 pilocytic astrocytoma, and 2 astrocytoma NOS) and 9 with high-grade glioma (8 anaplastic astrocytoma and 1 glioblastoma).Median age at diagnosis was 11.5 years (range 1.5-16 years).5-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) for low-grade patients was 66.7% and 100%.Seven of nine high-grade patients died with a median EFS and OS of 8 months and 15 months.Among low-grade patients, 5 received irradiation, 6 chemotherapy, and all received surgery (2 debulking, 9 subtotal, and 2 gross-total resections).Of the high-grade patients, all received irradiation, 7 chemotherapy, and all underwent surgery (3 debulking and 6 subtotal resections).Outcome of SCG is similar to their counterparts in the brain.Low-grade tumors are highly treatable and have high 5-year OS whereas high-grade tumors portend poor prognosis with most cases resulting in death despite aggressive treatment.
Community psychiatry in Tutuila, American Samoa
Authors: W E Walters
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

The author hypothesizes that the underreporting of mental illness in Tutuila, American Samoa, is a direct result of the social system, which provides a means of "curing" emotional disorder by family group process and shamanistic ritual, by making the disorder less disruptive, and by absolving the affected individual of personal guilt.
Efficient and Targeted Transduction of Nonhuman Primate Liver With Systemically Delivered Optimized AAV3B Vectors
Authors: Shaoyong Li, Chen Ling, Li Zhong, Mengxin Li, Qin Su, Ran He, Qiushi Tang, Dale L Greiner, Leonard D Shultz, Michael A Brehm, Terence R Flotte, Christian Mueller, Arun Srivastava, Guangping Gao
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2015)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 3B (rAAV3B) can transduce cultured human liver cancer cells and primary human hepatocytes efficiently. Serine (S)- and threonine (T)-directed capsid modifications further augment its transduction efficiency. Systemically delivered capsid-optimized rAAV3B vectors can specifically target cancer cells in a human liver cancer xenograft model, suggesting their potential use for human liver-directed gene therapy. Here, we compared transduction efficiencies of AAV3B and AAV8 vectors in cultured primary human hepatocytes and cancer cells as well as in human and mouse hepatocytes in a human liver xenograft NSG-PiZ mouse model. We also examined the safety and transduction efficacy of wild-type (WT) and capsid-optimized rAAV3B in the livers of nonhuman primates (NHPs). Intravenously delivered S663V+T492V (ST)-modified self-complementary (sc) AAV3B-EGFP vectors led to liver-targeted robust enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) expression in NHPs without apparent hepatotoxicity. Intravenous injections of both WT and ST-modified rAAV3B.ST-rhCG vectors also generated stable super-physiological levels of rhesus chorionic gonadotropin (rhCG) in NHPs. The vector genome predominantly targeted the liver. Clinical chemistry and histopathology examinations showed no apparent vector-related toxicity. Our studies should be important and informative for clinical development of optimized AAV3B vectors for human liver-directed gene therapy.
Saliva lithium levels: clinical applications
Authors: C Neu, A DiMascio, D Williams
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

The authors note that despite a few reports in the literature indicating that saliva lithium levels could adequately replace serum determinations in monitoring patients being treated with lithium salts, this procedure has not received much clinical application. A study of 20 patients investigated correlations between serum and mixed saliva and parotid fluid lithium levels and documented the reliability of this procedure. The authors suggest that an individual patient's ratio of serum to saliva concentrations should be calculated and used as a constant in the determinations. Patients can collect saliva samples and send them to the laboratory prior to their visits, decreasing the facility's sample collection costs and the patients' inconvenience and discomfort.
Escherichia coli O157 infections and unpasteurised milk
Authors: F Allerberger, M Wagner, P Schweiger, H- P. Rammer, A Resch, M P Dierich, A W Friedrich, H Karch
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2001)

We report on two children with Escherichia coli O157 infection, one of whom developed haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). Both had drunk raw cows’ or goats’ milk in the week before their illness. Molecular subtyping identified a sorbitol fermenting Escherichia coli O157:H isolate from a dairy cow. This isolate differed from Shiga toxin producing O157:H strains isolated from the 6 year old boy with HUS. This result underlines the need to search for other causes of infection, despite documented consumption of unpasteurised milk. In the second patient, human sorbitol non-fermenting O157:H isolates and animal isolates from goats were indistinguishable. The isolation of indistinguishable sorbitol non-fermenting Escherichia coli O157:H from contact animals supports the association between HUS and consumption of raw goats’ milk, and re-emphasises the importance of pasteurising milk.
Tumors of the Human Nervous System in Tissue Culture. I. The Cultivation and Cytology of Meningioma Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: I COSTERO, C M POMERAT, I J JACKSON, R BARROSO-MOGUEL, A Z CHEVEZ
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1955)
Preparing for Personalized Medicine
Authors: S. S. Chopra
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Glucose and Lactate Concentrations in Plasma of Chickens with Myeloblastosis and Erythroblastosis&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: C BECKER, G S BEAUDREAU, J W BEARD
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1960)

Studies on the glucose and lactate concentrations in plasma of normal chickens and of chickens with myeloblastosis and erythroblastosis are described. The glucose level in the normal birds was 13.0 ± 1.9 µmoles per ml. and that of lactate was 6.7 ± 1.2 µmoles per ml. In chickens with either leukemia, the glucose concentration was maintained until about 24 hours before death when there was a rapid and profound decline to levels in the recorded range of 0.64 µmoles per ml. in erythroblastosis and 2.9 µmoles per ml. in myeloblastosis. As the diseases progressed, plasma lactate rose to levels 2 to 3 times the normal values. These changes in myeloblastosis were proportional to the volumes of packed primitive cells from the circulation but were not proportional in erythroblastosis. Thus, it seems probable that the decline in plasma glucose and the increase in lactate were related primarily to the disease in the total host rather than to specific activity of the circulating cells.
HG-59ACVR1-MUTANT DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMAS (DIPGs) ACQUIRE ABERRANT ACTIVIN-MEDIATED BMP PATHWAY ACTIVATION
Authors: Harry Han, Valerie Baubet, Katie Boucher, Robert Pignolo, Frederick Kaplan, Eileen Shore, Phillip Storm, Nadia Dahmane, Adam Resnick
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
HG-60TREATMENT-RELATED NON-CONTIGUOUS RADIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN CHILDREN WITH DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMA TREATED WITH EXPANDED IRRADIATION FIELDS AND ANTIANGIOGENIC THERAPY
Authors: Alberto Broniscer, Thomas Merchant, Rosa Nguyen, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Amar Gajjar, Zoltan Patay
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Tyrosine Kinase Signaling in Clear Cell and Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Revealed by Mass Spectrometry–Based Phosphotyrosine Proteomics
Authors: Scott M. Haake, Jiannong Li, Yun Bai, Fumi Kinose, Bin Fang, Eric A. Welsh, Roy Zent, Jasreman Dhillon, Julio M. Pow-Sang, Y. Ann Chen, John M. Koomen, W. Kimryn Rathmell, Mayer Fishman, Eric B. Haura
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Targeted therapies in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are limited by acquired resistance. Novel therapeutic targets are needed to combat resistance and, ideally, target the unique biology of RCC subtypes.Tyrosine kinases provide critical oncogenic signaling and their inhibition has significantly impacted cancer care. To describe a landscape of tyrosine kinase activity in RCC that could inform novel therapeutic strategies, we performed a mass spectrometry-based system-wide survey of tyrosine phosphorylation in 10 RCC cell lines as well as 15 clear cell and 15 papillary RCC human tumors. To prioritize identified tyrosine kinases for further analysis, a 63 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) drug screen was performed.Among the cell lines, 28 unique tyrosine phosphosites were identified across 19 kinases and phosphatases including EGFR, MET, JAK2, and FAK in nearly all samples. Multiple FAK TKIs decreased cell viability by at least 50% and inhibited RCC cell line adhesion, invasion, and proliferation. Among the tumors, 49 unique tyrosine phosphosites were identified across 44 kinases and phosphatases. FAK pY576/7 was found in all tumors and many cell lines, whereas DDR1 pY792/6 was preferentially enriched in the papillary RCC tumors. Both tyrosine kinases are capable of transmitting signals from the extracellular matrix and emerged as novel RCC therapeutic targets.Tyrosine kinase profiling informs novel therapeutic strategies in RCC and highlights the unique biology among kidney cancer subtypes. Clin Cancer Res; 22(22); 5605-16. ©2016 AACR.
LG-65CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES AND OUTCOME IN ADOLESCENTS/YOUNG ADULTS (AYA) WITH LOW GRADE GLIOMA (LGG) COMPARED WITH CHILDREN: A REPORT FROM THE CHILDREN'S ONCOLOGY GROUP
Authors: Ashley Margol, Caihong Xia, Richard Sposto, David Freyer, Girish Dhall
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

LGGs represent a heterogeneous group of tumors that occur across age groups and are the most common central nervous system tumors in children.AYA represent a unique subset of patients whose disease presentation, pathology and outcome often differ compared with children and adults. While differences in pediatric and adultLGGs have been established, potential differences in the presentation, pathology, and outcome of children versus AYA with LGGs have not been interrogated.We hypothesized that there are age-related differences in clinicopathological features and outcome in patients with LGGs.We performed a retrospective secondary analysis of a legacy CCG dataset (CCG9891/POG9130) to determine if differences exist between children and AYA with LGGs managed primarily with surgery.Children and AYA were defined as ages 0 to 14 and 15 to 21 years, respectively.The following parameters for children (n ¼ 468) were compared to those of AYA (n ¼ 50): sex, race/ethnicity, pathological features, tumor location, incidence of seizures at presentation, level of consciousness at presentation, extent of resection, incidence of surgical complications, event-free survival (EFS), pattern of relapse and overall survival (OS).When comparing children and AYA, there were no statistically significant age-related differences in any of these clinicopathological features or EFS, OS, and pattern of relapse.In conclusion, LGGs occurring in AYA have similar clinicopathological features to those occurring in children.Our findings suggest that treatment paradigms and clinical trials for childhood LGG are appropriate for use among AYA.Overall survival