tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Animal Experimentation
Authors: Rebecca Dresser
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  In their examination of animal research regulation, Overcast and Sales 1 overlook the most significant regulatory development in recent years. The Public Health Service (PHS) has adopted a new funding policy, effective Dec 31, 1985, designed to strengthen the protection given to research animals. 2 Institutions and investigators seeking financial support from PHS agencies will be governed by revised standards and procedures reflecting increased ethical concern for laboratory animals. Institutional committees must review the use of animals, and the new policy requires for the first time that review committees include at least one member unaffiliated with the institution and one nonscientist. Protocols must be evaluated against substantive principles set forth in the policy. Review committees are authorized to require modifications in, suspend, or withhold approval from research that fails to comply with the policy.  One virtue of the PHS provisions is the authority they confer on review committees to
Effects of Daily Low Dose IL-2 Therapy on Homeostatic Regulation of CD4+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells In Patients with Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Authors: Ken-ichi Matsuoka, John Koreth, Haesook T. Kim, O. Gregory Bascug, Sean McDonough, Joseph H. Antin, Robert Soiffer, Jerome Ritz
Journal: Blood (2010)
Systematic Functional Characterization of Resistance to PI3K Inhibition in Breast Cancer
Authors: Xiuning Le, Rajee Antony, Pedram Razavi, Daniel J. Treacy, Flora Luo, Mahmoud Ghandi, Pau Castel, Maurizio Scaltriti, José Baselga, Levi A. Garraway
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2016)

PIK3CA (which encodes the PI3K alpha isoform) is the most frequently mutated oncogene in breast cancer. Small-molecule PI3K inhibitors have shown promise in clinical trials; however, intrinsic and acquired resistance limits their utility. We used a systematic gain-of-function approach to identify genes whose upregulation confers resistance to the PI3K inhibitor BYL719 in breast cancer cells. Among the validated resistance genes, Proviral Insertion site in Murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases conferred resistance by maintaining downstream PI3K effector activation in an AKT-independent manner. Concurrent pharmacologic inhibition of PIM and PI3K overcame this resistance mechanism. We also observed increased PIM expression and activity in a subset of breast cancer biopsies with clinical resistance to PI3K inhibitors. PIM1 overexpression was mutually exclusive with PIK3CA mutation in treatment-naïve breast cancers, suggesting downstream functional redundancy. Together, these results offer new insights into resistance to PI3K inhibitors and support clinical studies of combined PIM/PI3K inhibition in a subset of PIK3CA-mutant cancers.PIM kinase overexpression confers resistance to small-molecule PI3K inhibitors. Combined inhibition of PIM and PI3K may therefore be warranted in a subset of breast cancers. Cancer Discov; 6(10); 1134-47. ©2016 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1069.
Demystifying the Association of Chemotherapy and Cognition: How Close Are We?
Authors: Simran Kaur, Ratna Sharma, Sameer Rastogi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

TO THE EDITOR: The article by Jacolaet al 1 addressed the issue of cognition in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with a uniform protocol with assessment at predecided time points. There are a few pertinent points that we want to highlight in this study or other studies considering cognition as an outcome in ALL. First, although the authors have done serial monitoring of cognition tests at various times, baseline cognition testing is conspicuously missing. Remission induction in the St Jude Total Therapy XV study is a multidrug-regimen phase along with intrathecal therapy; therefore, there is the chance that 6 weeks of cognition testing might not be a good substitute for baseline testing. 2 Assessment of pretreatment cognitive status is essential because, at times, the change in cognition is so subtle that scores after chemotherapy might fall within the normal range. 3 In that scenario, percentage variation from the baseline can help yield the exact cognitive deficit. Thus, we think that baseline cognitive status would have served as a better control for the cognitive deficits at the end of therapy and 2 years thereafter, as also recommended by InternationalCognitionandCancerTaskForcerecommendationsto harmonize studies of cognitive function in patients with cancer. 4 Taken further, baseline cognitive function should also be compared with national normative data to see if it differs from the normal population. There is a possibility that oncology patients have preexisting cognitive dysfunction that might get compounded by other modalities of treatment. This has been conclusively shown in various cancers; however, this has all the more relevance in ALL because it is a systemic disease. 5,6
Basic roles of key molecules connected with NMDAR signaling pathway on regulating learning and memory and synaptic plasticity
Authors: Hui Wang, Rui-Yun Peng
Journal: Military Medical Research (2016)

With key roles in essential brain functions ranging from the long-term potentiation (LTP) to synaptic plasticity, the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) can be considered as one of the fundamental glutamate receptors in the central nervous system. The role of NMDA R was first identified in synaptic plasticity and has been extensively studied. Some molecules, such as Ca2+, postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II), protein kinase A (PKA), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) responsive element binding protein (CREB), are of special importance in learning and memory. This review mainly focused on the new research of key molecules connected with learning and memory, which played important roles in the NMDAR signaling pathway.
Microenvironmental interactions between endothelial and lymphoma cells: a role for the canonical WNT pathway in Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: F Linke, M Harenberg, M M Nietert, S Zaunig, F von Bonin, A Arlt, M Szczepanowski, H A Weich, S Lutz, C Dullin, P Janovská, M Krafčíková, L Trantírek, P Ovesná, W Klapper, T Beissbarth, F Alves, V Bryja, L Trümper, J Wilting, D Kube
Journal: Leukemia (2016)
Sipuleucel-T in combination with mini-dose ipilimumab for metastatic, castrate-resistant prostate cancer.
Authors: Mark C. Scholz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e22104 Background: The immune mechanisms of sipuleucel–T (SIP) and ipilimumab (IPI) are possibly synergistic. We performed a phase 1 trial of SIP with escalating low doses of IPI. Methods: Nine men with progressive m-CRPC were evaluated. Progression after SIPIPI was defined as PSA increase of 100% above baseline or above 5.0, whichever was greater. Blood was collected for immune response testing. Three, 3-patient cohorts received one of the following: IPI 1 mg/kg 3 weeks after SIP or 1 mg/kg 3 and 6 weeks after SIP or 1 mg/kg 3, 6 and 9 weeks after SIP. Results: Median age, baseline PSA, Gleason, previous hormonal interventions were 73 yrs., 1.7 ng/ml, 8 and 3 respectively. Previous surgery & radiation (4), radiation only (3), neither (2). Eight men had bone metastases; 1 had lymph node disease; 1 had previous docetaxel and 2 had previous abiraterone. Treatment began April 2013 for patient #1 and April 2014 for patient #9. There was no unusual toxicity from SIP. Low-dose IPI caused a grade 1 rash in 1 patient. 7 men are evaluable for PSA response. (Two initiated abiraterone prior to PSA progression. Both have PSA < 5.0 after 13 and 15 mo.) Three men have PSA < 5.0 after 6, 11, and 18 mo. A fourth has attained and maintained a PSA of 0.02 for 16 mo. Three men progressed after 2, 3, and 4 mo. respectively: One has a stable PSA at 50% of study baseline after abiraterone and radium 223. The second has progressive disease after additional treatment with enzalutamide and docetaxel. A third patient died of progressive disease after failing enzalutamide and refusing all further therapy. Conclusions: SIP with mini-dose IPI is well tolerated. There was no evidence for increased toxicity or response rate with increasing IPI dosage. PSA response data in a cohort of men with m-CRPC indicates that SIP and mini-dose IPI may be active. Results of immune response profiling are pending.
Characteristic Neuroimaging Abnormalities of Korsakoff Syndrome
Authors: J. Bradley Segal, Marc A. Bouffard, Gottfried Schlaug
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
<i>Notes from the Field</i>: Outbreak of Listeriosis Associated with Consumption of Packaged Salad — United States and Canada, 2015–2016
Authors: Julie L. Self, Amanda Conrad, Steven Stroika, Alikeh Jackson, Laura Burnworth, Jennifer Beal, Allison Wellman, Kelly A. Jackson, Sally Bidol, Terri Gerhardt, Meghan Hamel, Kristyn Franklin, Christine Kopko, Penelope Kirsch, Matthew E. Wise, Colin Basler
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

In September 2015, PulseNet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance, identified a cluster of Listeria monocytogenes (Listeria) clinical isolates indistinguishable by two-enzyme pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern combination and highly related by whole-genome multilocus sequence typing (wgMLST). A case was defined as isolation of Listeria with the outbreak PFGE pattern and highly related by wgMLST with an isolation date on or after July 5, 2015, the isolate date of the earliest case in this cluster.
Utility of routine PET/CT and MRI staging in patients with sentinel lymph node positive melanoma
Authors: M. O. Meyers, J. J. Yeh, K. D. Amos, P. Long, J. Frank, D. W. Ollila
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

9071 Background: The utility of routine radiographic staging in sentinel lymph node (SLN) positive stage III melanoma is unclear. Although body computed tomography (CT) has proven unlikely to identify occult metastasis at the time of diagnosis, there is some suggestion that whole body positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) may be more sensitive in the detection of clinically unsuspected metastatic melanoma. We evaluated the ability of routine PET/CT and brain MRI to detect occult metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis in patients with SLN positive stage III melanoma. Methods: All clinically node- negative patients with cutaneous melanoma and a positive SLN who completed staging with PET/CT from 2003 through 2008 were identified from a prospective, IRB-approved, single-institution database. Data were analyzed to determine the positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values of PET/CT in detecting occult metastatic disease. Results: 72 patients had a positive SLN and were staged with PET/CT and 61 with brain MRI. There were 41 men and 31 women. Median age was 55 years. Median Breslow depth was 2.50 mm. 5 patients were T1, 25 T2, 22 T3, and 20 T4. 46 % were ulcerated. MRI was negative in all 61 patients. PET/CT was interpreted as suspicious for metastasis in 8 patients (11%) and negative in 64 (92%). 6 (8%) of the suspicious PET/CT scans were subsequently proven to be negative for malignancy and 1 (1.4%) proven to be an incidental thyroid cancer. Only 1 patient (1.4%) was found to have metastatic melanoma, an in transit metastasis that was previously unrecognized. PPV was 13% and NPV 100% for PET/CT. No patients were found to have occult distant metastases by either brain MRI or PET/CT. Conclusions: Patients with SLN positive stage III melanoma are unlikely to have occult metastatic disease detected by PET/CT or brain MRI and should not have further therapy delayed to obtain imaging. These findings are consistent with prior reports of body CT alone and question the utility of routine staging with current imaging modalities in patients with SLN positive melanoma. Future research should be directed toward improved imaging techniques in order to detect early micrometastatic melanoma. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Transcriptional up-Regulation of IL-21 Receptor-α On CLL Cells by CpG685 through An NF-κB Mediated Pathway Provides a Rationale for Combination Strategies with IL-21.
Authors: Rebekah L. Browning, Shu-Huei Wang, Asha Ramanunni, Natarajan Muthusamy, John C. Byrd
Journal: Blood (2009)
2017 Clinical trials update: Innovations in hemophilia therapy
Authors: Jan Hartmann, Stacy E. Croteau
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2016)

A surge in therapeutic clinical trials over recent years is paving the way for transformative treatment options for patients with hemophilia. The introduction of recombinant factor concentrates in the early 1990s facilitated the use of prophylactic replacement as standard care for hemophilia rather than on‐demand treatment. This has revolutionized health outcomes for hemophilia patients, enabling participation in physical activities and reducing debilitating, chronic joint damage. Challenges of prophylactic factor infusion include the frequency of infusions needed to maintain factor levels greater than 1%, patient adherence, reliable intravenous access, and development of neutralizing alloantibodies (“inhibitors”). Novel therapeutics seek to improve upon current factor concentrates by several different mechanisms: (1) extending the half‐life of circulating exogenous factor protein, (2) replacing the gene necessary for production of endogenous factor protein, (3) employing bispecific antibody technology to mimic the coagulation function of factor VIII, (4) disrupting anticoagulant proteins, such as tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) or antithrombin (AT3) with antibodies, aptamers, or RNA interference technology. Emerging treatment options may reduce the frequency of (extended half‐life products) or eliminate (gene therapy) the need for scheduled factor concentrate infusions, or provide a subcutaneous administration option (bispecific antibody, AT3, and TFPI targeting therapies). In addition, the nonfactor replacement strategies provide a promising treatment option for patients with inhibitors, presently the greatest unmet medical need in hemophilia. This review highlights current and recently completed clinical trials that are driving a paradigm shift in our approach to hemophilia care for patients with and without inhibitors. Am. J. Hematol. 91:1252–1260, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Liquid Biopsy to Evaluate Efficacy of Cancer Therapy
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparison of MRD Monitoring By IG/TR Rearrangement and BCR/ABL1 Transcript in Ph+ Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients Treated with Imatinib in the Esphall Study
Authors: Giovanni Cazzaniga, Paola de Lorenzo, Anders Castor, Hans O Madsen, Virginie Gandemer, Hélène Cavé, Rob Pieters, Vincent van der Velden, Jan Stary, Jan Zuna, Gabriele Escherich, Udo zur Stadt, Silja Rottgers, Julia Alten, Jeremy Hancock, Giulia Ferrari, Maurizio Arico', Vaskar Saha, Martin Schrappe, Maria Grazia Valsecchi, Andrea Biondi
Journal: Blood (2014)
David Oliver: No more broken promises
Authors: David Oliver
Journal: BMJ (2016)

In clinical practice, trust is paramount. We trust team mates to know their job and to hand over well. Patients and families need to trust that we’re competent, compassionate, and acting in good faith.

But sometimes, in trying to reassure patients and with the best of intentions, we make promises we shouldn’t. And broken promises damage trust and confidence.

Some promises concern what we as individuals or teams will do for patients. For example, “We’ll do our best to get you as well and as close to your usual abilities as we can.” “We …
Error in Medicine
Authors: Yoku Shaw-Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Leape's<sup>1</sup>article and Dr Blumenthal's Editorial<sup>2</sup>highlight the dilemma that confronts occupational groups with complete autonomy and power in situational encounters with social actors—how to accept their fallibility without losing autonomy or power in the social arena. Through "medicalization" of numerous human processes, socialization in closed systems, and the public's concomitant reliance and trust in the scientific method, physicians have taken the place of priests who wielded as much if not more power in the social milieu at the turn of the century. The decline of the occupational power of priests was hastened by the increase of scientific knowledge and the growing popular wisdom that priests and the church were fallible and limited in their understanding, explanation, monitoring, and control of social behavior and processes. I submit that with public acknowledgment of their pitfalls and with limited knowledge (given the unpredictability of the human
Clinicopathological, Immunohistochemical, and Genetic Features of Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma Occurring in the Setting of Usual Interstitial Pneumonia Pattern
Authors: Kyohei Masai, Koji Tsuta, Noriko Motoi, Kouya Shiraishi, Koh Furuta, Shigeki Suzuki, Keisuke Asakura, Kazuo Nakagawa, Hiroyuki Sakurai, Shun-ichi Watanabe, Nobuyoshi Hiraoka, Hisao Asamura
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)
Zika Virus and the Guillain–Barré Syndrome — Case Series from Seven Countries
Authors: Thais Dos Santos, Angel Rodriguez, Maria Almiron, Antonio Sanhueza, Pilar Ramon, Wanderson K de Oliveira, Giovanini E Coelho, Roberto Badaró, Juan Cortez, Martha Ospina, Raquel Pimentel, Rolando Masis, Franklin Hernandez, Bredy Lara, Romeo Montoya, Beatrix Jubithana, Angel Melchor, Angel Alvarez, Sylvain Aldighieri, Christopher Dye, Marcos A Espinal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

During the past year and a half, Zika virus has been spreading rapidly throughout Latin America. In this letter, evidence for the Guillain–Barre syndrome being temporally associated with Zika virus transmission is presented.
Caring for the Uninsured and Underinsured
Authors: Patrick Dowling
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —As a public hospital physician overwhelmed by the growing number of indigent and uninsured patients, I want to thank you for devoting the May 15<i>JAMA</i>issue to health care reform. The articles were most informative; Dr Lundberg's editorial<sup>1</sup>was inspirational. Although several viewpoints regarding reform were presented, all overlooked a major component in the quest to build a more just health care system. While I concur that the discussions of different possibilities of payer mixes and administrative structures are, in fact, central to any basic reform, provider mix, perhaps the most important element in a rational delivery system, was not discussed. There is a consensus that at least 50% of the providers must be in primary care—family medicine, general internal medicine, or general pediatrics—if our goal to develop a cost-effective system with universal access to basic services for all is to be achieved. I note
Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain—Reply
Authors: Deborah Dowell, Tamara M. Haegerich, Roger Chou
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Informed choice involves many active skills
Authors: Philip Timms, Jacob Bird
Journal: BMJ (2016)

We were intrigued by Johansson and colleagues’ notion that the process of informed choice might generate an over-medicalisation of life and health experiences. However, we had some problems with it.1

Firstly, the case scenario didn’t really illustrate a downside to informed choice, merely the danger of relying on a crude process of fitting patients to a diagnostic box rather than engaging …