tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Robert Hope Mackay
Authors: William Foster
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Robert Hope Mackay (“Rob”) was born in Cairo, Egypt, and educated in England from a young age. He trained at Guy’s Hospital Medical School and later worked in junior hospital posts in London, where he met and married Fran, a nurse. After spending a year working in Bermuda, he completed his training for general practice in Evesham before moving to Churchdown, Gloucestershire, to take up the post of GP partner in a training practice in 1976.

During his 30 years in the practice, Rob epitomised all the very best qualities of personal family doctoring. His abilities went beyond medical knowledge and technical expertise into the territory of compassion, empathy, and shared humanity. His patients’ comments in his retirement book reveal a doctor who was always professional, dedicated, and willing to go the extra mile. …
High Molecular Weight Kininogen Fragments Stimulate the Secretion of Interleukin 1β through the Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor (uPAR) and CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) in Human Blood Mononuclear Cells.
Authors: Mohammad M. Khan, Harlan N. Bradford, Irma Isordia-Salas, Ricardo Espinola, Robert W. Colman
Journal: Blood (2004)
Adverse Effects of Fullerenes on Endothelial Cells: Fullerenol C60(OH)24 Induced Tissue Factor and ICAM-1 Membrane Expression and Caused Apoptosis In Vitro.
Authors: Monique P. Gelderman-Fuhrmann, Olga Simakova, Sheena F. Siddiqui, Alexander C. Vostal, Jan Simak
Journal: Blood (2006)
Unmanipulated Peripheral Blood Stem Cells Can be Safely Used to Allograft Patients with Severe Aplastic Anemia; The Impact of ATG in Latin American Experience
Authors: Alberto Vazquez-Mellado, Juan Ramon Navarro Cabrera, Virginia Abello Polo, Cesar Homero Gutierrez Aguirre, Adriana Bustinza, Enrique Pedraza Mesa, Jose Carlos Jaime Perez, Licet Villamizar Gómez, Samanta Becerra Galindo, Nancy Labastida Mercado, Guillermo J. Ruiz-Arguelles, David Gómez-Almaguer
Journal: Blood (2014)
Retrospective Analysis of Lymphomas in the Setting of Autoimmune Disease and the Impact of Immunosuppression
Authors: Adam M. Petrich, Stefan Klaus Barta, Frederick Lansigan, Trent Wang, Ananta Bhatt, Garrett Wasp, Addie Hill, Frank C. Passero, Amrit Kahalon, Roopesh R. Kansara, Mitul Gandhi, Graham W. Slack, Tatyana Feldman, Andrew M. Evens, Kerry J. Savage
Journal: Blood (2015)
Roles of Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling and p53 Pathways on Apoptosis, Drug Resistance and Therapeutic Sensitivity of Early Hematopoietic Precursor Cells
Authors: Stephen Lee Abrams, Linda S Steelman, Melissa L Skolosky, Giovanni Ligresti, Massimo Libra, James A McCubrey
Journal: Blood (2008)
The Risk of Secondary Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Acute Leukemia Following High-Dose Yttrium-90 Ibritumomab Tiuxetan Is Analogous to That Observed Following High-Dose Chemotherapy: a Matched-Pair Analysis In Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients.
Authors: Anna Guidetti, Carmelo Carlo-Stella, Marco Ruella, Rosalba Miceli, Liliana Devizzi, Daniela Sia, Silvia Locatelli, Arianna Giacomini, Michele Magni, Paola Matteucci, Stefano Buttiglieri, Alessandra Risso, Luigi Mariani, Roberto Passera, Massimo Di Nicola, Corrado Tarella, Alessandro M. Gianni
Journal: Blood (2010)
TCT-343 Does The National Cardiovascular Data Registry Bleeding Risk Score Accurately Predict Bleeding In African American Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention?
Authors: Joshua P. Loh, Salem Badr, Israel Barbash, Fang Chen, Kenneth Kent, Hironori Kitabata, Marco A. Magalhaes, Sa'ar Minha, Al Fazir Omar, Hideaki Ota, lakshmana Pendyala, Augusto Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, William O. Suddath, Rebecca Torguson, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Tumor <i>BRCA1</i> Reversion Mutation Arising during Neoadjuvant Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Is Associated with Therapy Resistance
Authors: Anosheh Afghahi, Kirsten M. Timms, Shaveta Vinayak, Kristin C. Jensen, Allison W. Kurian, Robert W. Carlson, Pei-Jen Chang, Elizabeth Schackmann, Anne-Renee Hartman, James M. Ford, Melinda L. Telli
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2017)

Purpose: In germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) mutation carriers, restoration of tumor BRCA1/2 function by a secondary mutation is recognized as a mechanism of resistance to platinum and PARP inhibitors, primarily in ovarian cancer. We evaluated this mechanism of resistance in newly diagnosed patients with BRCA1/2-mutant breast cancer with poor response to neoadjuvant platinum-based therapy.Experimental Design: PrECOG 0105 was a phase II neoadjuvant study of gemcitabine, carboplatin, and iniparib in patients with stage I-IIIA triple-negative or BRCA1/2 mutation-associated breast cancer (n = 80). All patients underwent comprehensive BRCA1/2 genotyping. For mutation carriers with moderate or extensive residual disease after neoadjuvant therapy, BRCA1/2 status was resequenced in the residual surgical breast tumor tissue.Results: Nineteen patients had a deleterious germline BRCA1/2 mutation, and four had moderate residual disease at surgery. BRCA1/2 sequencing of residual tissue was performed on three patients. These patients had BRCA1 1479delAG, 3374insGA, and W1712X mutations, respectively, with LOH at these loci in the pretreatment tumors. In the first case, a new BRCA1 mutation was detected in the residual disease. This resulted in a 14-amino acid deletion and restoration of the BRCA1 reading frame. A local relapse biopsy 4 months later revealed the identical reversion mutation, and the patient subsequently died from metastatic breast cancer.Conclusions: We report a BRCA1 reversion mutation in a patient newly diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer that developed over 18 weeks of platinum-based neoadjuvant therapy. This was associated with poor therapy response, early relapse, and death. Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); 3365-70. ©2017 AACR.
Phenothiazines Induce Apoptosis in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by Activating the Phosphatase Activity of the PP2A Tumor Suppressor
Authors: Alejandro Gutierrez, Alex Kentsis, Li Pan, Frederic Baleydier, Jason Marineau, Ruta Grebliunaite, Elena Kozakewich, Casie Reed, Francoise Pflumio, Sandrine Poglio, Benjamin Uzan, Paul A. Clemons, Lynn VerPlank, W. Frank An, Jason Burbank, Stephanie Norton, Nicola J Tolliday, Hanno Steen, James E Bradner, A. Thomas Look, Jon C Aster
Journal: Blood (2012)
Abstract B37: Photothermal therapy of glioblastoma multiforme using multiwalled carbon nanotubes optimized for diffusion in extracellular space
Authors: Brittany Eldridge, Brian Bernish, Cale Fahrenholtz, Ravi Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and most lethal primary brain tumor with a 5 year overall survival rate of approximately 5%. Currently, no therapy is curative and all have significant side effects. Focal thermal ablative therapies that heat malignant tissue to ablative temperatures (&amp;gt;55°C) to induce tumor cell death are being investigated as a novel treatment modality. Such thermal ablative therapies can be enhanced by using nanotechnology, with the addition of nanoparticles. Carbon nanotube mediated thermal therapy (CNMTT) uses lasers that emit near infrared radiation to excite carbon nanotubes (CNTs) localized to the tumor volume to generate localized heat needed for thermal ablation. Clinical translation of CNMTT for GBM will require development of effective strategies to deliver CNTs to tumors, clear structure-activity and structure-toxicity evaluation, and an understanding of the effects of inherent and acquired thermotolerance on the efficacy of treatment. In our studies, we look at the effects of different coatings on multiwalled CNT (MWCNTs) diffusion and show that a dense coating of phospholipid-poly(ethylene glycol) on MWCNTs allows for better diffusion through brain ECM-mimicking hydrogels, while maintaining the ability to achieve ablative temperatures after laser exposure. We investigate the effects of phospholipid-poly(ethylene glycol) coated MWCNTs on the heat shock response in GBM and show that they do not induce a HSR in GBM cell lines. Activation of the HSR in GBM cells via exposure to sub-ablative temperatures or short term treatment with an inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG)), induces a protective heat shock response that results in thermotolerance and protects against CNMTT. Finally, we evaluate the potential for CNMTT to selectively heat GBM multicellular spheroids comparing different methods of heat generation in a three dimensional spheroid model. These data provide pre-clinical insight into key parameters needed for translation of CNMTT including nanoparticle delivery through a three-dimensional volume, cytotoxicity, and efficacy for treatment of thermotolerant GBM. Citation Format: Brittany Eldridge, Brian Bernish, Cale Fahrenholtz, Ravi Singh. Photothermal therapy of glioblastoma multiforme using multiwalled carbon nanotubes optimized for diffusion in extracellular space. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Engineering and Physical Sciences in Oncology; 2016 Jun 25-28; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B37.
Gene Expression Profiling of Isolated Mesenchymal and Osteoblastic Cells Exhibits a Different Pattern of Expression in Multiple Myeloma Patients as Compared to Healthy Subjects: Potential Relationship with the Presence of Bone Lesions.
Authors: Nicola Giuliani, Katia Todoerti, Gina Lisignoli, Sara Tagliaferri, Luca Agnelli, Francesca Morandi, Simona Colla, Monica Crugnola, Marina Magnani, Cecilia Caramatti, Marcellina Mangoni, Giorgio Lambertenghi Deliliers, Vittorio Rizzoli, Antonino Neri
Journal: Blood (2007)
JAK2 (V617F) Mutation Status and Neutrophil Apoptotic Resistance in Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia (MMM): Correlation and Potential Identification through Phosphorylation Status of STAT3.
Authors: Ruben A. Mesa, Ayalew Tefferi, Heather Powell, Terra Lasho, David Loegering, Scott H. Kaufmann
Journal: Blood (2005)
Immune Reconstruction Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) with Invasive Aspergillosis (IA) in Patients (pts) with Hematological Cancer (Hem-Ca): Clinical and Research Implications.
Authors: Marisa Miceli, Monica Grazziutti, Gail Woods, Somashekar Krishna, Elias Kiwan, Mazher Rahman, Bart Barlogie, Elias Anaissie, Nayyar Syed
Journal: Blood (2006)
Lenalidomide Administration in Heavily Pretreated Patients with Non Hodgkin Lymphoma – First Report of the REVEAL Study (REVlimid® Effectiveness of Administration in patients with Lymphoma)
Authors: Luigi Rigacci, Francesco Zaja, Alberto Fabbri, Alice Di Rocco, Angelo Michele Carella, Liliana Devizzi, Umberto Vitolo, Pier Luigi Zinzani, Sante Tura
Journal: Blood (2011)
Early Pathogenesis of Sickle Cell Anemia: Absolute Reticulocyte Counts Are Correlated with Increased Detection of CD36+ Reticulocytes during the First Two Years of Postnatal Life
Authors: Emily Riehm Meier, Colleen Byrnes, Brenda Martin, Laxminath Tumburu, Y. Terry Lee, Naomi L.C. Luban, Jeffery L. Miller
Journal: Blood (2015)
Gene Modified Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Expressing Osteoprotegerin Inhibit Osteoclast Activation and Increase Trabecular Bone Area in a Xenogeneic Murine Model of Myeloma.
Authors: Neil Rabin, Chara Kyriakou, Reuben Benjamin, Arnold Pizzey, Orla Gallagher, Nalini Singh, Clive Buckle, Peter Croucher, Amit Nathwani, Kwee Yong
Journal: Blood (2006)
2012 American College of Cardiology Foundation/Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions Expert Consensus Document on Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Standards Update
Authors: Thomas M. Bashore, Stephen Balter, Ana Barac, John G. Byrne, Jeffrey J. Cavendish, Charles E. Chambers, James Bernard Hermiller, Scott Kinlay, Joel S. Landzberg, Warren K. Laskey, Charles R. McKay, Julie M. Miller, David J. Moliterno, John W.M. Moore, Sandra M. Oliver-McNeil, Jeffrey J. Popma, Carl L. Tommaso
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Multiparameter Flow Cytometry (MFC) Evaluation of Plasma Cell (PC) DNA Ploidy Status and Proliferative Rate in 595 Multiple Myeloma (MM) Patients (pts) Included in the Spanish GEM2000 and GEM2005&lt;65years Trials: Clinical Value and Biological Insights,
Authors: Bruno Paiva, María-Belén Vidriales, María-Angeles Montalbán, Jose J. Perez, Norma C. Gutierrez, Laura Rosiñol, Joaquín Martínez-López, Maria Victoria Mateos, Lourdes Courdón, Albert Oriol, María José Terol, Maria Asunción Etxebeste, Raquel de Paz, Felipe de Arriba, Luis Palomera, Javier De La Rubia, Joaquín Díaz-Mediavilla, Anna Sureda, Ana Gorosquieta, Adrian Alegre, Alejandro Martín, Miguel T. Hernandez, Juan José Lahuerta, Joan Blade, Jesús F San Miguel
Journal: Blood (2011)
Platelet Pitp-Alpha Promotes Thrombin Generation and the Dissemination of Tumor Metastasis, but Has Minimal Effect on Vascular Plug Formation
Authors: Liang Zhao, Lurong Lian, Aae Suzuki, Timothy J. Stalker, Sang H Min, Sriram Krishnaswamy, Amy Durham, Charles S. Abrams
Journal: Blood (2015)
Hedgehog Promotes Neovascularization through the Regulation of Bone-Marrow Derived Progenitors.
Authors: Yusuke Mizukami, Junpei Sasajima, Kazumasa Nakamura, Kazuya Sato, Yoshiaki Sugiyama, Madoka Yamazaki, Toru Kawamoto, Kazuya Koizumi, Katsunori Sasaki, Mikihiro Fujiya, Satoshi Tanno, Toshikatsu Okumura, Norihiko Shimizu, Jun-ichi Kawabe, Toru Kono, Yoshihiro Torimoto, Masaaki Ii, Nabeel Bardeesy, Daniel C. Chung, Yutaka Kohgo
Journal: Blood (2009)
Intracellularly Swollen Polypeptide Nanogel Assists Hepatoma Chemotherapy
Authors: Bo Shi, Kexin Huang, Jianxun Ding, Weiguo Xu, Yu Yang, Haiyan Liu, Lesan Yan, Xuesi Chen
Journal: Theranostics (2017)

Nowadays, chemotherapy is one of the principal modes of treatment for tumor patients.However, the traditional formulations of small molecule drugs show short circulation time, low tumor selectivity, and high toxicity to normal tissues.To address these problems, a facilely prepared, and pH and reduction dual-responsive polypeptide nanogel was prepared for selectively intracellular delivery of chemotherapy drug.As a model drug, doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded into the nanogel through a sequential dispersion and dialysis technique, resulting in a high drug loading efficiency (DLE) of 96.7 wt.%.The loading nanogel, defined as NG/DOX, exhibited a uniform spherical morphology with a mean hydrodynamic radius of 58.8 nm, pH and reduction dual-triggered DOX release, efficient cell uptake, and cell proliferation inhibition in vitro.Moreover, NG/DOX exhibited improved antitumor efficacy toward H22 hepatoma-bearing BALB/c mouse model compared with free DOX•HCl.Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were implemented to further confirm the tumor suppression activity of NG/DOX.Furthermore, the variations of body weight, histopathological morphology, bone marrow cell micronucleus rate, and white blood cell count verified that NG/DOX showed excellent safety in vivo.With these excellent properties in vitro and in vivo, the pH and reduction dual-responsive polypeptide nanogel exhibits great potential for on-demand intracellular delivery of antitumor drug, and holds good prospect for future clinical application.
Biallelic ATM Inactivation Significantly Reduces Survival in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients Treated with Alkylating Agent/Purine Analogue Therapy: Results From the UKCLL4 Trial
Authors: Anna Skowronska, Gulshanara Ahmed, Ceri E Oldreive, David Oscier, Anton Parker, Martin J.S. Dyer, Estella Matutes, A. Malcolm R Taylor, Paul AH Moss, Tatjana Stankovic
Journal: Blood (2011)
Predictive Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia Minimization: In-Home Evaluation of Safety, Feasibility, and Efficacy in Overnight Glucose Control in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Tamara Spaic, Marsha Driscoll, Dan Raghinaru, Bruce A. Buckingham, Darrell M. Wilson, Paula Clinton, H. Peter Chase, David M. Maahs, Gregory P. Forlenza, Emily Jost, Irene Hramiak, Terri Paul, B. Wayne Bequette, Faye Cameron, Roy W. Beck, Craig Kollman, John W. Lum, Trang T. Ly
Journal: Diabetes Care (2017)

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of a predictive hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia minimization (PHHM) system compared with predictive low-glucose insulin suspension (PLGS) alone in overnight glucose control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A 42-night trial was conducted in 30 individuals with type 1 diabetes in the age range 15–45 years. Participants were randomly assigned each night to either PHHM or PLGS and were blinded to the assignment. The system suspended the insulin pump on both the PHHM and PLGS nights for predicted hypoglycemia but delivered correction boluses for predicted hyperglycemia on PHHM nights only. The primary outcome was the percentage of time spent in a sensor glucose range of 70–180 mg/dL during the overnight period. RESULTS The addition of automated insulin delivery with PHHM increased the time spent in the target range (70–180 mg/dL) from 71 ± 10% during PLGS nights to 78 ± 10% during PHHM nights (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The average morning blood glucose concentration improved from 163 ± 23 mg/dL after PLGS nights to 142 ± 18 mg/dL after PHHM nights (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Various sensor-measured hypoglycemic outcomes were similar on PLGS and PHHM nights. All participants completed 42 nights with no episodes of severe hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, or other study- or device-related adverse events. CONCLUSIONS The addition of a predictive hyperglycemia minimization component to our existing PLGS system was shown to be safe, feasible, and effective in overnight glucose control.
Anti-Apoptotic Bcl2 and Bcl-Xl Proteins Involved in Stroma-Induced Drug Tolerance to Hsp70 and Hsp90 Inhibitors in Leukemia and B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Eloisi Caldas Lopes, Fabian M Correa, Ling-Bo Shen, Jae-Hung Shieh, Tony Taldone, Gabriela Chiosis, Malcolm A.S. Moore
Journal: Blood (2012)
Circulating Proteasome Level Is an Independent Prognostic Factor for Survival in Patients with Multiple Myeloma.
Authors: Christian Jakob, Karl Egerer, Eugen Feist, Ivana Zavrski, Jan Eucker, Ulrike Heider, Gerd Burmester, Kurt Possinger, Peter M. Kloetzel, Orhan Sezer
Journal: Blood (2004)
Adoptive Immunotherapy with Donor T Cells Sensitized with Overlapping Pentadecapeptides of the CMV-pp65 Protein for the Treatment of Persistent CMV Antigenemia Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants
Authors: Guenther Koehne, Aisha N. Hasan, Ekaterina Doubrovina, Eleanor Tyler, Susan E. Prockop, Juliet N Barker, Hugo R Castro-Malaspina, Miguel-Angel Perales, Craig S. Sauter, Ann A. Jakubowski, Esperanza B. Papadopoulos, James W. Young, Farid Boulad, Trudy N. Small, Nancy A. Kernan, Gloria Wasilewski, Andromachi Scaradavou, Sergio A. Giralt, Marcel R.M. van den Brink, Richard J. O'Reilly
Journal: Blood (2012)
Next Generation Flow for highly sensitive and standardized detection of minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma
Authors: J Flores-Montero, L Sanoja-Flores, B Paiva, N Puig, O García-Sánchez, S Böttcher, V H J van der Velden, J-J Pérez-Morán, M-B Vidriales, R García-Sanz, C Jimenez, M González, J Martínez-López, A Corral-Mateos, G-E Grigore, R Fluxá, R Pontes, J Caetano, L Sedek, M-C del Cañizo, J Bladé, J-J Lahuerta, C Aguilar, A Bárez, A García-Mateo, J Labrador, P Leoz, C Aguilera-Sanz, J San-Miguel, M-V Mateos, B Durie, J J M van Dongen, A Orfao
Journal: Leukemia (2017)

Flow cytometry has become a highly valuable method to monitor minimal residual disease (MRD) and evaluate the depth of complete response (CR) in bone marrow (BM) of multiple myeloma (MM) after therapy. However, current flow-MRD has lower sensitivity than molecular methods and lacks standardization. Here we report on a novel next generation flow (NGF) approach for highly sensitive and standardized MRD detection in MM. An optimized 2-tube 8-color antibody panel was constructed in five cycles of design-evaluation-redesign. In addition, a bulk-lysis procedure was established for acquisition of ⩾107 cells/sample, and novel software tools were constructed for automatic plasma cell gating. Multicenter evaluation of 110 follow-up BM from MM patients in very good partial response (VGPR) or CR showed a higher sensitivity for NGF-MRD vs conventional 8-color flow-MRD -MRD-positive rate of 47 vs 34% (P=0.003)-. Thus, 25% of patients classified as MRD-negative by conventional 8-color flow were MRD-positive by NGF, translating into a significantly longer progression-free survival for MRD-negative vs MRD-positive CR patients by NGF (75% progression-free survival not reached vs 7 months; P=0.02). This study establishes EuroFlow-based NGF as a highly sensitive, fully standardized approach for MRD detection in MM which overcomes the major limitations of conventional flow-MRD methods and is ready for implementation in routine diagnostics.
Thalidomide-Induced Leukopenia in Japanese Patients with Refractory Multiple Myeloma.
Authors: Hirokazu Murakami, Hiroshi Handa, Masahiro Abe, Shinsuke Iida, Akihiro Ishii, Takayuki Ishikawa, Tadao Ishida, Masatsugu Oota, Shuji Ozaki, Masaaki Kosaka, Akira Sakai, Morio Sawamura, Kazuaki Shimizu, Toshiyuki Takagi, Hiroyuki Hata, Takashi Fukuhara, Hiroshi Fujii, Akira Miyata, Toshio Wakayama, Kiyoshi Takatsuki
Journal: Blood (2006)
Binding of the chemokine CXCL12α to its natural extracellular matrix ligand heparan sulfate enables myoblast adhesion and facilitates cell motility
Authors: Dhruv Thakar, Fabien Dalonneau, Elisa Migliorini, Hugues Lortat-Jacob, Didier Boturyn, Corinne Albiges-Rizo, Liliane Coche-Guerente, Catherine Picart, Ralf P. Richter
Journal: Biomaterials (2017)
Abstract 9805: Lack of Correlation Between HDL Level and Fecal Cholesterol in Multiple Mouse Models Suggests Importance of HDL Functionality in Atherosclerosis Attenuation
Authors: Rai Ajit K Srivastava, Angelo B Cefalu, Davide Noto, Donata Panno, Antonella Giammanco Giammanco, Maurizio R Averna
Journal: Circulation (2015)

To circumvent the residual cardiovascular disease burden in patients receiving statin therapy, HDL-raising was suggested as a plausible approach. However, lack of benefits of CETP inhibitors, Torcetrapib and Dalcetrapib, despite substantial increase in HDL, and lack of efficacy of CER-001, an apoA-I mimetic, proved disappointing. Paradoxically, apoA-I Milano subjects with low HDL have reduced CVD risk. These findings shifted the focus from HDL level to HDL function. Promoting reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is one of the main functions of HDL, which is measured in an in vivo assay as macrophage-derived fecal 3H-cholesterol. Non-radioisotopic method to quantitate fecal cholesterol (chol) as an RCT index was found to correlate with macrophage radioisotopic method in mice. Using this method, we carried out a number of studies in several mouse models, including C57Bl, apoA-I-Tg, LDLr KO, and ob/ob, using tool compounds, LXR and PPAR-α agonists, known to enhance RCT. Animals were treated with LXR and PPAR-α agonists alone or in combination, and lipid profile, HDL level, serum chol efflux, fecal chol, and, in appropriate animal models, aortic lipid contents were measured. In C57Bl mice, LXR agonist, T1317, raised HDL by 30%, while feno decreased HDL by 30%, but fecal chol showed a 2-fold increase in both cases. Interestingly, combination (comb) treatment with LXR and PPAR-α agonists did not change HDL, but fecal chol increased by 4.5-fold. HDL in apoA-I-Tg mice increased by 40%, 80%, and 80% in LXR, PPAR-α, and comb treated groups; respective fecal chol increases were 1.8, 1.8, and 5-fold, suggesting a lack of correlation between HDL level and fecal chol. LXR, PPAR-α, and comb-treated ob/ob mice showed 40%, 35%, and 40% rise in HDL, but 3-, 3-, and 20-fold increases in fecal chol, respectively. No correlations in HDL level and fecal chol contents were noticed in LDLr KO mice as well. Atherosclerosis attenuation by LXR and PPAR-α agonists in LDLr KO and ob.ob/LDLr DKO mice was associated with increased fecal chol, but not HDL level. These data suggest: a) a lack of correlation between HDL level and fecal chol; b) synergistic effect of LXR and PPAR-α agonists on RCT; c) reduced lesion area associated with increased fecal chol; and d) RCT influenced by additional mechanisms.