tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Schistosomiasis Mansoni: Roentgenologic Observations in a Nonendemic Area
Authors: A CHAIT
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Complications of Corticosteroids
Authors: J Milton
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 17818: Are Our Clinical Trials Adequately Powered? an Examination of Randomized Controlled Trial Designs in Cardiovascular Medicine
Authors: Rachel Easterwood, Ajay J Kirtane
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  A central component of effective clinical trial design is the detailed calculation of sample size. Sample size estimates are often made based upon preliminary data or historical studies, and inaccuracy of anticipated event rates can lead to trials that are underpowered, particularly in an era of increasing cost-consciousness.   Methods:  We sought to examine the prevalence of mis-estimation of control group event rates (eCER) in major randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published in major journals of cardiovascular medicine (CV) from 2008-2013. Included trials were those with a superiority design assessing the rate of a primary endpoint in a treatment vs. control group. Abstracted data included positive or negative results,  a priori  power calculation details, and observed control event rates (oCER). The proportion of eCER mis-estimation was calculated based on the oCER within the completed trials. Mis-estimation was defined as eCER not within 10% of the oCER. The ability of each RCT to detect modest (25%) and large (50%) relative differences between treatment vs. control with adequate power (≥80%) was calculated given the baseline event rate.   Results:  Of 321 RCTs, 162 (50.4%) used dichotomous endpoints, with 132 (81.4%) utilizing a superiority design. Of these, 4 did not describe an  a  priori  power calculation. Notably, 104 (78.8%) reported eCER. The baseline rate of eCER mis-estimation across studies was 37.5%; however, this did not differ by whether the trial was positive or negative (p=0.96). The number of negative trials was 80 (60.6%), and the actual mean observed relative effect size between study arms was only 7.4%. As a result, only 31% of RCTs were ≥80% powered to detect a 25% relative difference between treatment groups, while 64% had ≥80% power to detect a 50% relative difference between groups.   Conclusions:  CV trials increasingly face unique challenges such as low event rates and small treatment effects. In this setting, accurate sample size estimates are central to feasibility and/or success of a trial. Given the degree of eCER mis-estimation observed in this analysis, novel methods of study design, such as adaptive trial design, should be more commonly considered.
NICE gold standards do not work in a rusty metal NHS
Authors: Hendrik J Beerstecher
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Haslam responded to McCartney and colleagues that the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guides on gold standard practice.1

The National Clinical Assessment Service (NCAS) used NICE guidelines to judge my clinical practice in 2014. I prescribed lamotrigine for a patient with possible epilepsy (three episodes a week). The local …
Bcl-2 Targeted Overexpression Into the Erythroid Lineage of Transgenic Mice Delays But Does Not Prevent the Apoptosis of Erythropoietin-Deprived Erythroid Progenitors
Authors: V. Lacronique, P. Varlet, P. Mayeux, A. Porteu, S. Gisselbrecht, A. Kahn, C. Lacombe
Journal: Blood (1997)
Autism and the fragile X syndrome
Authors: G S Fisch, I L Cohen, E G Wolf, W T Brown, E C Jenkins, A Gross
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

The fragile X chromosome is an important factor in inherited mental retardation in males. It has also been reported that infantile autism is associated with fragile X. Recently, an article reported an examination of a small sample of autistic children in whom the fragile X chromosome was not found. Its authors concluded that if an association between fragile X and autism exists, it is infrequent. In the present study of 144 autistic male subjects, 18 were found to have the fragile X chromosome, supporting other (epidemiological) findings that the association between fragile X and autism occurs relatively frequently.
Two-year longitudinal study of post-stroke mood disorders: comparison of acute-onset with delayed-onset depression
Authors: R G Robinson, J R Lipsey, K Rao, T R Price
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

Patients who developed post-stroke depression 3 to 24 months after hospital discharge (N = 21) were compared with patients who developed depression during hospitalization (N = 26) and patients who never developed depression over 24 months of follow-up (N = 15). During the acute hospitalization and at follow-up, the three groups were not significantly different in their demographic characteristics, neurological impairment, intellectual impairment, or quality of social support. The acute depression group, however, showed an increased correlation between impairment and depression from hospitalization to follow-up. Findings suggest that impairment does not produce depression, but, once depression occurs, it may interact with impairment to influence post-stroke recovery.
Brief Communication: Type-C Virus Particles in Placenta of the Cottontop Marmoset (Saguinus oedipus)2
Authors: Jafa Keydar, G. Seman, B. M. Levy, M. Panigel, L. Dmochowski
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Journal Article Brief Communication: Type-C Virus Particles in Placenta of the Cottontop Marmoset (Saguinus oedipus) Get access Jafa Keydar, Jafa Keydar Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. Seman, G. Seman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. M. Levy, B. M. Levy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Panigel, M. Panigel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. Dmochowski L. Dmochowski Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 54, Issue 1, January 1975, Pages 251–252, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/54.1.251 Published: 01 January 1975 Article history Received: 03 July 1974 Accepted: 30 September 1974 Published: 01 January 1975
Letters to the Editor
Authors: J. W. Proctor, Y. Yamamura
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Journal Article Letters to the Editor Get access J. W. Proctor, M.B.B.S., Ph.D., J. W. Proctor, M.B.B.S., Ph.D. Radiation Oncology Allegheny General Hospital320 East North Avenue Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Y. Yamamura, Ph.D. Y. Yamamura, Ph.D. Radiation Oncology Allegheny General Hospital320 East North Avenue Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 61, Issue 5, November 1978, Page 1179, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/61.5.1179 Published: 01 November 1978
LG-60OBJECTIVE RESPONSE TO VEMURAFENIB IN A CHILD TREATED FOR METASTATIC DESMOPLASTIC INFANTILE ASTROCYTOMA
Authors: Zdenek Pavelka, Jitka Berkovcova, Jarmila Skotakova, Karel Zitterbart, Jaroslav Sterba
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

LG-60. OBJECTIVE RESPONSE TO VEMURAFENIB IN A CHILD TREATED FOR METASTATIC DESMOPLASTIC INFANTILE ASTROCYTOMA Zdenek Pavelka1, Jitka Berkovcova2, Jarmila Skotakova3, Karel Zitterbart1, and Jaroslav Sterba1; Dept of Pediatric Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Dept of Oncological and Experimental Pathology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic; Dept of Pediatric Radiology, Brno, Czech Republic Desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma/ganglioglioma (DIA/DIG) is a rare primary neuroepithelial brain tumour, which typically occurs in infants aged between 1 and 24 months. Knowledge of the genetic background of DIA/ DIG is very limited, recently the presence of BRAFV600E mutation was described in some cases of DIA/DIG. We present a case of 11-month old girl with 5-month history of nystagmus. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain andspineshowedcontrast enhancingmass inthesuprasellarregionwithspreading into both hemispheres and additional lesions in cerebellum and within the spine. Biopsy of the tumour was performed and histopathology examination revealed desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma. BRAF600E mutation in the tumour cells wasdetected bymoleculargenetic testing.The patient started treatment according to SIOP LGG 1997 protocol with vincristine and carboplatin. After 2 months of therapy, the girl was admitted to our clinic with clinical signs of intracranialhypertension.MRIshowedprogressionof the tumoursize,which lead to development of hydrocephalus. The installation of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was performed. Due to progression on the first line therapy, we decided to start second line individualized therapy with weekly dose of vinblastine in combination with BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. After 6 months of therapy with vinblastine + vemurafenib partial remission was documented on MRI together with clinical improvement. Conclusion: BRAF V600E mutation affects a subset of DIAs/DIGs and offers new therapeutic options. Neuro-Oncology 18:iii78–iii96, 2016. doi:10.1093/neuonc/now075.60 #The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Quantification of GDF11 and Myostatin in Human Aging and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Marissa J. Schafer, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, Patrick M. Vanderboom, Brian Kotajarvi, Thomas A. White, Matthew M. Moore, Charles J. Bruce, Kevin L. Greason, Rakesh M. Suri, Sundeep Khosla, Jordan D. Miller, H. Robert Bergen, Nathan K. LeBrasseur
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2016)
A phase III, randomized study of the investigational agent TAK-700 plus prednisone for patients with chemotherapy-naïve metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).
Authors: F. Saad, H. Akaza, M. A. Eisenberger, J. Nelson, H. I. Scher, K. Suzuki, M. Wirth, I. J. Webb, J. Wang, D. MacLean, R. De Wit
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

TPS184 Background: The investigational agent TAK-700 is a selective inhibitor of 17,20-lyase, a key intermediary in adrenal androgen and testosterone synthesis. In a phase II study in patients with mCRPC, TAK-700 inhibited testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels consistent with 17,20-lyase inhibition, and reduced prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (Dreicer R, et al. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:15s abst 3084). Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study is investigating efficacy and safety of TAK-700 plus prednisone vs placebo plus prednisone in patients with mCRPC who have not received prior chemotherapy. This will enable evaluation of TAK-700 at an early stage of mCRPC, where it may be more effective and delay the need for chemotherapy. Planned enrollment is 1,454 patients. Main inclusion criteria are: radiographically documented mCRPC; surgical castration or use of an agent for medical castration; with baseline testosterone <50 ng/dL; and evidence of disease progression (radiographic or with a rising PSA). Patients must not have received prior adrenal-targeted therapy or chemotherapy in the past 2 years, and must have no or mild cancer pain not requiring opioids. Treatment will be TAK-700 400 mg twice daily (BID) or placebo, with prednisone 5 mg BID. The primary outcomes are overall survival (OS) and radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS). Secondary outcomes include the PSA response rate (decrease by ≥50%) at 12 weeks, change in circulating tumor cell numbers, and time to pain progression. Two interim analyses are planned: after ~412 disease progression events for rPFS; and after ~600 deaths for OS. Patients may remain on TAK-700 after disease progression until they receive further antitumor therapy. Tumor specimens will be analyzed for candidate biomarkers of TAK-700 antitumor activity, including the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene. This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01193244. A companion phase III study is assessing the same regimens in patients who have received docetaxel-based therapy for mCRPC (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01193257).
Brief Communication: In Vitro Stimulation of Human Breast Tissue by Human Prolactin2
Authors: W. G. Dilley, S. J. Kister
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Normal human breast tissue was cultured with defined media plus hormones. The epithelium survived at least 4 days in culture but did not grow in the absence of hormones. Both insulin and human prolactin stimulated growth, but ovine prolactin did not.
<emph type="ital">Circus Sideshow</emph>
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Screening Strategies for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kun Chen, Ming-juan Jin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Summaries for Patients17 October 2000Screening Strategies for Colorectal CancerSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-8-200010170-00001 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Cancer of the colon or rectum (colorectal cancer) is the second leading cause of death from cancer in the United States. Polyps are noncancerous outgrowths of the wall of the colon or rectum that can become cancerous. Screening tests prevent some colorectal cancers by detecting and removing polyps before they become cancers and by detecting cancers in their early stages, when they can still be cured with surgery. The available screening tests are fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy. Fecal occult blood testing uses a ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Cost-Effectiveness of Colonoscopy in Screening for Colorectal Cancer.” It is in the 17 October 2000 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 133, pages 573-584). The authors are A Sonnenberg, F Delcò, and JM Inadomi.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCost-Effectiveness of Colonoscopy in Screening for Colorectal Cancer Amnon Sonnenberg , Fabiola Delcò , and John M. Inadomi Metrics 17 October 2000Volume 133, Issue 8Page: I-16KeywordsCancer preventionCancer screeningColonColonoscopyColorectal cancerFlexible sigmoidoscopyHematologic testsRectumSimulation and modelingSurgery ePublished: 17 October 2000 Issue Published: 17 October 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Characteristics of patients with the highest plasma catecholamine metabolite levels
Authors: M B Bowers, M E Swigar, F J Hoffman, N Goicoechea
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

The authors measured plasma levels of free homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl-glycol (MHPG) in 350 consecutive psychiatric patients. Among the 22 patients with the highest values for both HVA and MHPG, the primary diagnoses were psychotic disorders, eating disorders, and major depression.
ACR Practice Parameter for the Performance of Therapy With Unsealed Radiopharmaceutical Sources
Authors: Daniel E. Spratt, Bassem I. Zaki, Benjamin L. Franc, Alan C. Hartford, Joseph R. Osborne
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

This practice parameter is intended to guide appropriately trained and licensed physicians performing therapy with unsealed radiopharmaceutical sources. Such therapy requires close cooperation and communication between the physicians who are responsible for the clinical management of the patient and those who administer radiopharmaceutical therapy and manage the attendant side effects. Adherence to this practice parameter should help to maximize the efficacious use of these procedures, maintain safe conditions, and ensure compliance with applicable regulations. The goal of therapy with unsealed radiopharmaceutical sources is to provide either cure or effective palliation of disease while minimizing untoward side effects and complications.
Natural history of the infant gut microbiome and impact of antibiotic treatment on bacterial strain diversity and stability
Authors: Moran Yassour, Tommi Vatanen, Heli Siljander, Anu-Maaria Hämäläinen, Taina Härkönen, Samppa J. Ryhänen, Eric A. Franzosa, Hera Vlamakis, Curtis Huttenhower, Dirk Gevers, Eric S. Lander, Mikael Knip, Ramnik J. Xavier
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2016)

The gut microbial community is dynamic during the first 3 years of life, before stabilizing to an adult-like state. However, little is known about the impact of environmental factors on the developing human gut microbiome. We report a longitudinal study of the gut microbiome based on DNA sequence analysis of monthly stool samples and clinical information from 39 children, about half of whom received multiple courses of antibiotics during the first 3 years of life. Whereas the gut microbiome of most children born by vaginal delivery was dominated by Bacteroides species, the four children born by cesarean section and about 20% of vaginally born children lacked Bacteroides in the first 6 to 18 months of life. Longitudinal sampling, coupled with whole-genome shotgun sequencing, allowed detection of strain-level variation as well as the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes. The microbiota of antibiotic-treated children was less diverse in terms of both bacterial species and strains, with some species often dominated by single strains. In addition, we observed short-term composition changes between consecutive samples from children treated with antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance genes carried on microbial chromosomes showed a peak in abundance after antibiotic treatment followed by a sharp decline, whereas some genes carried on mobile elements persisted longer after antibiotic therapy ended. Our results highlight the value of high-density longitudinal sampling studies with high-resolution strain profiling for studying the establishment and response to perturbation of the infant gut microbiome.