tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trends in screening for prostate cancer
Authors: F. Eisinger, J. Morere, X. Pivot, J. Blay, Y. Coscas, A. Calazel Benque, C. Roussel, J. Viguier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

1542 Background: Screening for prostate cancer is still in debate. In France, there is no financial barrier for individuals to be screened with the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, and there is no recommendation for mass screening. Methods: Two nationwide observational studies were carried out in France. The first one, EDIFICE 1, was conducted in 2005 among a representative sample of 1504 subjects aged between 40 and 75 years and a representative sample of 600 general practitioners (GPs). The second one, EDIFICE 2, was conducted in 2008 with the same methodology. Results: General population: In 2005, 36% of the interviewed male population aged between 50 and 75 years declared having undergone a screening test, compared to 49% in 2008 (OR = 1.63 CI 95% 1.25; 2.12). Prostate cancer screening increased in all age groups, however, the most significant increase can be observed in the population aged between 50 and 54 years: 18% in 2005 versus 35% in 2008 (OR = 2.43 CI 95% 1.31; 4.52). This trend for increasing testing will probably be confirmed in the future since 57% of males never screened plan to undergo a test, and only 16% of those who did screening plan to stop. The expected participation in the future will be close to 70%. Physicians: In 2005, 58% of GPs systematically recommended prostate cancer screening for their male consultants ages 50 to 74, in 2008 the figure is 65% (OR = 1.32 CI 95% 1.04; 1.66). For prostate cancer screening, a GP's gender has no significant impact. Systematic recommendation for both breast and colorectal cancer screening has an impact on recommending prostate cancer screening as well; OR = 2.9 (CI 95% 2.0–4.4) and OR = 2.0 (CI 95% 1.3–3.2) respectively. The GP's age is not associated with a higher rate of systematic recommendation. Conclusions: We have observed in France a significant growth in prostate cancer screening: more persons screened, more often, at a younger age. Despite the lack of consistent evidence, persons and GPs exposed to mass communication and campaign for breast and colorectal cancer screening might infer that screening is valuable for other conditions. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
End of life care—why those with dementia have different needs
Authors: Nathan Davies, Steve Iliffe
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The British Medical Association (BMA) and Royal College of Physicians (RCP) have recently reported on end of life care. 1 2 They call for changes to end of life care, 1 but also report steady progress in the recognition of patients who are dying, and in the amount and quality of communication with patients who are able to communicate.
Sunitinib as the second-line therapy for advanced GISTs after failure of imatinib in Korean patients.
Authors: M. Ryu, D. Yoon, B. Ryoo, M. Beck, D. Choi, Y. Cho, J. Lee, H. Chang, T. Kim, Y. Kang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

10083 Background: To assess the efficacy and safety of sunitinib and their relationship with genotypes of the tumor in Korean patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) after failure of the first line imatinib. Methods: Clinical data were collected from 88 consecutive patients with metastatic or unresectable GISTs treated with sunitinib from Nov 2005 to Jun 2009 at Asan Medical Center in Korea. Genotypes of the primary tumors were determined in 74 patients. Results: Sunitinib was administered either in intermittent (50 mg/day, 4 weeks on and 2 weeks off, n=74) or continuous schedule (37.5 mg/day, n=14). Patients started sunitinib therapy mostly (98%) because of progression after median 31.1 mo (1.8 – 83.2 mo) of the first line imatinib therapy. Treatment with sunitinib induced partial response (PR) in nine (10.2%), stable disease (SD) in 61 (69.3%) and progressive disease in 18 patients (20.5%). Clinical benefit rate (CBR, percentage of patients with complete response, PR, or SD ≥ 24 weeks) was 52.3%. With a median follow-up of 20.5 mo in surviving patients, the median time-to-progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) were 7.1 mo and 17.6 mo, respectively. Out of 74 who were tested for KIT (exon 9, 11, 13, 17) and PDGFRA (exon 12, 18) mutations, there was no mutation in 10 patients (13.5%), KIT exon 11 mutation in 47 (63.5%), KIT exon 9 mutation in 11 (14.9%), and PDGFRA mutation in 6 including 5 in exon 18. Patients with KIT exon 9 mutant GIST tended to have better CBR (63.6% vs. 46.8%, p=0.504) and median TTP (13.6 mo vs. 6.9 mo, p=0.631) than those with KIT exon 11 mutant GIST. Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia of G ≥ 3 were observed in 30 (34.1%) and 29 (33.0%) patients, respectively. The most common G 3 or 4 non- hematologic adverse events (AEs) were hand-foot skin reaction (n=22, 25.0%) and fatigue (n=13, 14.8%). Dose reduction was required in 55 (62.5%) patients and eight discontinued treatment due to AEs or intolerance to sunitinib. Conclusions: Sunitinib was active and safe as the second line therapy for Korean patients with advanced GIST. Compared to Western experience, superior efficacy in KIT exon 9 mutant GISTs appears to be similar but less significant in Korean patients. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Novartis, Pfizer Novartis, Pfizer
Neurofibrosarcoma of the Vagus Nerve
Authors: Gioacchino S. Parrella
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

NEUROGENIC tumors of the anterior mediastinum are comparatively rare. Kent et al.1 collected a personal series of 21 neurogenic tumors of the mediastinum at the Barnes Hospital and reviewed 105 cases discovered in the literature. There were only 2 anterior neurogenic tumors in the series at the Barnes Hospital, and only 3 additional cases were found in the literature. The following case report is unusual because of the finding of a vagus-nerve tumor presenting both in the neck and in the anterior superior mediastinum.Case ReportS. L., a 51-year-old machinist and World War I veteran, was admitted to the . . .
Stenting of the Ductus Arteriosus as a Bridge to Cardiac Transplantation in Infants with the Hypoplastic Left-Heart Syndrome
Authors: Carlos E. Ruiz, Habib Gamra, He Ping Zhang, Eulogio J. Garcia, Mark M. Boucek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The hypoplastic left-heart syndrome is a complex congenital cardiac malformation1–3 that accounts for 7 to 8 percent of all cardiac lesions presenting in the first year of life; in addition, it is known to be the most common cause of death due to cardiac causes during the first week of life3–5. The prognosis has changed substantially since the development of the Norwood procedure in 19803,6–11 and the introduction of neonatal heart transplantation in 19853,12–14. When transplantation is considered, however, patency of the ductus arteriosus must be maintained until a suitable donor organ . . .
Vitamin E in the Treatment of Angina Pectoris
Authors: Iver S. Ravin, Kermit H. Katz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

DURING the past two years, interest in the use of vitamin E in the treatment of various forms of heart disease has been aroused by several reports of its efficacy appearing in medical and nonmedical publications. In June, 1946, a magazine with nationwide circulation reported "a startling scientific discovery":A treatment for heart disease which so far has succeeded against all common forms of the ailment. ... Large concentrated doses of vitamin E benefited four types of heart ailment: arteriosclerotic, hypertensive, rheumatic and coronary heart disease. The vitamin helps a failing heart. It eliminates anginal pain.1 This publication aroused great . . .
Live, Attenuated Mumps-Virus Vaccine
Authors: Maurice R. Hilleman, Eugene B. Buynak, Robert E. Weibel, Joseph Stokes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Jeryl-Lynn strain (B level) live, attenuated mumps-virus vaccine was administered to 6283 initially susceptible children and 163 adults, including 132 males. There was no evident clinical reaction to the vaccine either in adults or in children including infants. The overall seroconversion rate was 96.9 per cent for children and 92.6 per cent for adults. The protective efficacy shown on natural mumps challenge was of the order of 95 per cent, and such protection was shown to last for at least 20 months. The neutralizing antibody induced by the vaccine persisted for at least two years without substantial decline and the pattern closely resembled that for antibody persistence after naturally acquired mumps. The vaccine could be coadministered with live measles vaccine, with satisfactory responses to both.
Case 27-2004
Authors: Michael G. Schlossmacher, Claus Hamann, Alan G. Cole, R. Gilberto Gonzalez, Matthew P. Frosch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 79-year-old woman had an 18-month history of repeated falls and memory loss. She had truncal ataxia, a wide-based gait, Romberg's sign, increased muscle tone and cogwheeling, and reduced perception of vibration and proprioception. During the next two years hypophonia, dysarthria, and difficulty swallowing developed, with urinary urge incontinence and constipation. The patient died five years after the onset of the illness.
Course and Prognosis of Prostatectomy
Authors: James J. Plorde, Roger P. Kennedy, Hal H. Bourne, Julian S. Ansell, Robert G. Petersdorf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THE increase in man's life-span has been accompanied by an increase in diseases of aging including hypertrophy and carcinoma of the prostrate. As a consequence, surgery of the lower urinary tract continues to increase in frequency and importance, resulting in continued attempts to lower the morbidity and mortality of prostatic surgery, particularly from bacteremia due to gram-negative rods. Whether antibiotics are effective in preventing bacteremia associated with prostatic surgery is uncertain. Creevy and Feeney1 believed that sterilization of the urine with antibiotics before surgery was instrumental in decreasing the incidence of bacteremia. Appleton and Waisbren2 demonstrated that the administration of . . .
Selection of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma for Sorafenib
Authors: Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2009)

Sorafenib, a multitargeted anti-VEGF receptor and raf kinase inhibitor, was recently approved by the FDA for treating unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on 2 randomized phase III studies. In addition, a phase II study evaluating sorafenib in patients with HCC and Child-Pugh A and B and a phase I study evaluating sorafenib in patients with organ dysfunction have provided insight about the safety and efficacy of sorafenib in patients with HCC and more advanced cirrhosis, and any difference in outcome based on etiology of HCC. The lack of objective responses observed in the sorafenib arm in the SHARP study also raises practical issues about how to assess response or efficacy of the therapy and thus how long a patient should receive sorafenib. This article addresses these questions on the use of sorafenib in HCC, both in the locally advanced and metastatic settings, in addition to the potential future applications and uses of sorafenib.
Thymosin Activity in Patients with Cellular Immunodeficiency
Authors: Diane W. Wara, Allan L. Goldstein, Nancy E. Doyle, Arthur J. Ammann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

An extract of calf thymus, thymosin, induces an increase in percentage of T-cell rosettes when incubated in vitro with sheep erythrocytes and lymphocytes from patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases or viral illness. Precursor lymphocytes are required for this increase to occur. The percentage of T-cell rosettes, when they are normal, is not increased further upon incubation with thymosin. A patient with thymic hypoplasia and immunoglobulin synthesis was selected to receive thymosin in vivo when her T-cell rosettes had increased from 15 to 48 per cent after in vitro incubation with thymosin. During therapy, she clinically improved, the percentage of T-cell rosettes gradually increased to normal, and positive delayed hypersensitivity skin tests developed. Thymosin may be useful clinically for partial reconstitution of cellular immunity. An increased percentage of T-cell rosettes after incubation with thymosin in vitro may predict which patients will respond to thymosin therapy in vivo.
Abstract 3506: Targeting breast cancer stem cells and non-stem breast cancer cells through combination therapies
Authors: Ling-Wei Hii, Felicia Fei-Lei Chung, Boon-Shing Tan, Yang Mooi Lim, Soon-Keng Cheong, Chee-Onn Leong
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs), as a subset of tumor cells with enhanced capacity to generate tumors, have recently been attributed to driving cancer recurrence and metastasis. Although the current CSC model highlights the importance of developing strategies to target CSCs, it is conceivable that the depletion of CSCs within a tumor would not lead to complete regression since non-CSCs might still be capable of sustaining tumor growth or regaining CSC potential. As either of these possibilities would confound the effectiveness of therapeutic agents that exclusively target CSCs, we aimed to rapidly identify combination therapies that could synergistically target both breast cancer cells and breast CSCs. Using a comprehensive small chemical library screen consisting of more than 1600 compounds, we identified a total of 193 small molecules, including 45 FDA approved drugs, which could target both breast CSCs and non-CSCs. When combined with conventional chemotherapeutic agents (e.g. cisplatin, doxorubicin or paclitaxel), histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors exhibited significant synergistic effects in targeting both breast CSCs and non-CSCs. In summary, our data suggests that HDAC inhibitors represent a class of agents that could synergize with chemotherapeutic agents in refractory breast cancer cells and warrant further investigations. Citation Format: Ling-Wei Hii, Felicia Fei-Lei Chung, Boon-Shing Tan, Yang Mooi Lim, Soon-Keng Cheong, Chee-Onn Leong. Targeting breast cancer stem cells and non-stem breast cancer cells through combination therapies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3506. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3506
Preclinical Diagnosis of Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy by Genetic Analysis of Blood Lymphocytes
Authors: Anthony Rosenzweig, Hugh Watkins, Dar-San Hwang, Mohammad Miri, William McKenna, Thomas A. Traill, J.G. Seidman, Christine E. Seidman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

The clinical diagnosis of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is usually made on the basis of the physical examination, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram. Making an accurate diagnosis can be particularly difficult in children, who may not have cardiac hypertrophy until adulthood. Recently, we demonstrated that mutations in the cardiac myosin heavy-chain genes cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy In some families. We report a diagnostic test for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that relies on the detection of mutations In the β myosin heavy-chain gene in circulating lymphocytes that we used to evaluate three generations of a family, including the children.
Nonamyloidotic Light Chain Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Manuel De Lazzari, Marny Fedrigo, Federico Migliore, Andrea Cianci, Luisa Cacciavillani, Giuseppe Tarantini, Benedetta Giorgi, Sabino Iliceto, Gaetano Thiene, Marialuisa Valente, Annalisa Angelini, Fausto Adami, Martina Perazzolo Marra
Journal: Circulation (2016)
Diet and Physical Activity Promotion Programs to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Indira Kedlaya
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Letters19 April 2016Diet and Physical Activity Promotion Programs to Prevent Type 2 DiabetesIndira Kedlaya, MDIndira Kedlaya, MDFrom Columbia Asia Hospital, Whitefield, Bangalore, India.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L15-0571 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I am responding to Balk and colleagues' recent review on combined diet and physical activity promotion programs to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus (1). My experience has been that despite strong evidence, we do not have structured programs in the United States at community levels for lifestyle changes. Patients are busy and have financial constraints to see a dietitian and obtain formal, individualized meal plans. Dietitians are also hard to come by, and consultations are not included in patients' health care benefits. Although some insurance companies do have some discounts to gymnasiums, the lack of structure is ...Reference1. Balk EM, Earley A, Raman G, Avendano EA, Pittas AG, Remington PL. Combined diet and physical activity promotion programs to prevent type 2 diabetes among persons at increased risk: a systematic review for the Community Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163:437-51. [PMID: 26167912]. doi:10.7326/M15-0452 LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Columbia Asia Hospital, Whitefield, Bangalore, India.Disclosures: Author has disclosed no conflicts of interest. Form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOf InterestForms.do?msNum=L15-0571. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCombined Diet and Physical Activity Promotion Programs to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Among Persons at Increased Risk: A Systematic Review for the Community Preventive Services Task Force Ethan M. Balk , Amy Earley , Gowri Raman , Esther A. Avendano , Anastassios G. Pittas , and Patrick L. Remington Diet and Physical Activity Promotion Programs to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Patrick L. Remington , Anastassios G. Pittas , and Ethan M. Balk Metrics 19 April 2016Volume 164, Issue 8Page: 572KeywordsConflicts of interestDietDisclosureExerciseHealth carePatientsType 2 diabetes ePublished: 19 April 2016 Issue Published: 19 April 2016 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2016 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Renal Atp6ap2/(Pro)renin Receptor Is Required for Normal Vacuolar H+-ATPase Function but Not for the Renin-Angiotensin System
Authors: Francesco Trepiccione, Simon D. Gerber, Florian Grahammer, Karen I. López-Cayuqueo, Véronique Baudrie, Teodor G. Păunescu, Diane E. Capen, Nicolas Picard, R. Todd Alexander, Tobias B. Huber, Regine Chambrey, Dennis Brown, Pascal Houillier, Dominique Eladari, Matias Simons
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2016)

ATPase H+-transporting lysosomal accessory protein 2 (Atp6ap2), also known as the (pro)renin receptor, is a type 1 transmembrane protein and an accessory subunit of the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) that may also function within the renin-angiotensin system. However, the contribution of Atp6ap2 to renin-angiotensin-dependent functions remains unconfirmed. Using mice with an inducible conditional deletion of Atp6ap2 in mouse renal epithelial cells, we found that decreased V-ATPase expression and activity in the intercalated cells of the collecting duct impaired acid-base regulation by the kidney. In addition, these mice suffered from marked polyuria resistant to desmopressin administration. Immunoblotting revealed downregulation of the medullary Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter NKCC2 in these mice compared with wild-type mice, an effect accompanied by a hypotonic medullary interstitium and impaired countercurrent multiplication. This phenotype correlated with strong autophagic defects in epithelial cells of medullary tubules. Notably, cells with high accumulation of the autophagosomal substrate p62 displayed the strongest reduction of NKCC2 expression. Finally, nephron-specific Atp6ap2 depletion did not affect angiotensin II production, angiotensin II-dependent BP regulation, or sodium handling in the kidney. Taken together, our results show that nephron-specific deletion of Atp6ap2 does not affect the renin-angiotensin system but causes a combination of renal concentration defects and distal renal tubular acidosis as a result of impaired V-ATPase activity.
The Nutrition of Animal Tissues Cultivated &lt;italic&gt;in Vitro&lt;/italic&gt;. II. A Comparison of Various Synthetic Media
Authors: J F MORGAN, H J MORTON, M E CAMPBELL, L F GUERIN
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1956)

Journal Article The Nutrition of Animal Tissues Cultivated in Vitro. II. A Comparison of Various Synthetic Media Get access Joseph F. Morgan, Joseph F. Morgan Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of National Health and Welfare, Ottaiva, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Helen J. Morton, Helen J. Morton Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of National Health and Welfare, Ottaiva, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Elizabeth Campbell, M. Elizabeth Campbell Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of National Health and Welfare, Ottaiva, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Laurence F. Guerin Laurence F. Guerin Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of National Health and Welfare, Ottaiva, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 16, Issue 6, June 1956, Pages 1405–1415, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/16.6.1405 Published: 01 June 1956 Article history Received: 28 November 1955 Published: 01 June 1956
Body Iron Stores and the Risk of Cancer
Authors: Richard G. Stevens, D. Yvonne Jones, Marc S. Micozzi, Philip R. Taylor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Because of evidence that increased body iron stores are associated with an increased risk of cancer, we examined iron status and cancer risk in the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a survey of more than 14,000 adults begun in 1971, with follow-up between 1981 and 1984. Among 242 men in whom cancer developed, the mean total iron-binding capacity was significantly lower (61.4 vs. 62.9 μmol per liter; P = 0.01) and transferrin saturation was significantly higher (33.1 vs. 30.7 percent; P = 0.002) than among 3113 men who remained free of cancer. The risk of cancer in men in each quartile of transferrin-saturation level relative to the lowest quartile was 1.00, 1.01, 1.10, and 1.37 (P = 0.02 for trend). The serum albumin level was significantly lower in men in whom cancer developed than in those who remained cancer-free. Among women, those in whom cancer developed did not have significantly lower total iron-binding capacity or higher transferrin saturation than those who remained cancer-free. However, a post hoc examination of 5367 women (203 with cancer) yielded a relative risk of 1.3 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.9 to 1.9) associated with a very high transferrin saturation (≥36.8 percent, a value in the highest quartile among men); in 5228 women with at least six years of follow-up (149 with cancer), the relative risk associated with transferrin saturation above this level was 1.5 (1.0 to 2.2). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that high body iron stores increase the risk of cancer in men. The possibility that a similar association exists in women requires further study. (N Engl J Med 1988; 319:1047–52.)