tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract B01: Mutagenic and tumorigenic effects of follicular fluid in the context of p53 loss: Initiation of fimbria carcinogenesis.
Authors: Tang-Yuan Chu, Hsuan-Shun Huang, Che-Fang Hsu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Ovulation is the strongest risk factor for ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) that largely originates from the fallopian tube fimbriae and always carries loss-of-function mutations of TP53 in both early and late lesions. Mature ovarian follicle contains high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). When released from ovulation, follicular fluid (FF) bathes the fimbriae and may lead to DNA double strand break (DSB) and neoplastic transformation. In this study, we examined the mutagenic and tumorigenic activities of human pre-ovulatory FFs. A subset (6/11) of FFs was found with high levels of ROS whereas the antioxidant capacities were indifferent. These ROS-high FFs induced intracellular ROS and DSBs in the secretory cell population of fimbriae epithelium. In the context of p53 and Rb deficiency in an E6/E7 immortalized fimbria secretory cell line, FF-exposed secretory cells overcame apoptosis and maintained the population carrying ROS and DSB. The cancer initiation effects of FF were further recapitulated in Trp53-/- mice. When introduced into the mammary fat pad, ROS-high but not ROS-low FFs induced early-onset B-cell lymphoma. Cotreatment with physiological concentration of melatonin, a potent antioxidant, ameliorated the mutagenic and tumorigenic effect of ROS-high FF in vitro and in vivo. The study revealed ROS and mitogens in mature ovarian follicles could initiate the transformation of fimbria epithelium in the context of p53 loss and melatonin is a potent preventive agent. Citation Format: Tang-Yuan Chu, Hsuan-Shun Huang, Che-Fang Hsu. Mutagenic and tumorigenic effects of follicular fluid in the context of p53 loss: Initiation of fimbria carcinogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B01.
Studies on the Blood Supply of Tumors in Man. II. Intra-Arterial Nitrogen Mustard Therapy of Cutaneous Lesions<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>2</sup></xref>
Authors: Howard R. Bierman, M. D., Keith H. Kelly, M. D., Ralph L. Byron, Jr., M. D., Kenneth S. Dod, M. D., Michael B. Shimkin, M. D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1951)

Journal Article Studies on the Blood Supply of Tumors in Man. II. Intra-Arterial Nitrogen Mustard Therapy of Cutaneous Lesions Get access Howard R. Bierman, M. D., Howard R. Bierman, M. D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Keith H. Kelly, M. D., Keith H. Kelly, M. D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ralph L. Byron, Jr., M. D., Ralph L. Byron, Jr., M. D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kenneth S. Dod, M. D., Kenneth S. Dod, M. D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael B. Shimkin, M. D. Michael B. Shimkin, M. D. Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service, and the Division of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, Calif. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 11, Issue 5, April 1951, Pages 891–905, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/11.5.891 Published: 01 April 1951 Article history Received: 13 September 1950 Published: 01 April 1951
Absence of Neutralization of Rous Sarcoma Virus by Antinormal-Chicken-Embryo Serum and Complement2
Authors: Tibor Borsos
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1958)

Journal Article Absence of Neutralization of Rous Sarcoma Virus by Antinormal-Chicken-Embryo Serum and Complement Get access Tibor Borsos Tibor Borsos Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 20, Issue 6, June 1958, Pages 1215–1221, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/20.6.1215 Published: 01 June 1958 Article history Received: 18 December 1957 Published: 01 June 1958
Comparative Carcinogenic Effects of &lt;italic&gt;N,N′&lt;/italic&gt;-2,7-Fluorenylenebisacetamide by Intraperitoneal and Oral Routes of Administration to Rats, With Particular Reference to Gastric Carcinoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Morris, Harold P., Wagner, Billie P., Ray, Francis E., Stewart, Harold L., Snell, Katharine C.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

Journal Article Comparative Carcinogenic Effects of N,N′-2,7-Fluorenylenebisacetamide by Intraperitoneal and Oral Routes of Administration to Rats, With Particular Reference to Gastric Carcinoma Get access Harold P. Morris, Harold P. Morris National Cancer Institute,6Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Billie P. Wagner, Billie P. Wagner National Cancer Institute,6Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Francis E. Ray, Francis E. Ray National Cancer Institute,6Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Harold L. Stewart, Harold L. Stewart National Cancer Institute,6Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Katharine C. Snell Katharine C. Snell National Cancer Institute,6Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 29, Issue 5, November 1962, Pages 977–1011, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/29.5.977 Published: 01 November 1962 Article history Received: 11 June 1962 Published: 01 November 1962
Liver Transplantation
Authors: Thomas E. Starzl, Anthony J. Demetris, David Van Thiel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

(Second of Two Parts)Rejection and HistocompatibilityAlthough the possibility of rejection is always present, nonimmunologic causes of early hepatic dysfunction must be ruled out systematically. The differential diagnosis can include suboptimal revascularization; defects in biliary reconstruction that cause obstruction or bile fistula; opportunistic infection with cytomegalovirus,119 , 120 herpes simplex viruses,120 Epstein–Barr virus, or adenovirus121; infection by various bacterial or fungal pathogens122; toxicity caused by hyperalimentation or sepsis123; and hepatotoxicity of the drugs used to prevent rejection.45, 124 Later graft dysfunction can be caused by a recurrence of the disease that destroyed the native liver, infection of the transplant . . .
A phase I single dose escalation trial of ch806 in patients with advanced tumors expressing the 806 antigen
Authors: A. M. Scott, S. S. Gill, F. Lee, Z. Liu, E. Skrinos, C. Murone, T. Saunder, B. Chappell, A. Papenfuss, L. J. Old
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

13028 Background: Ch806 is a chimeric antibody (mAb) that binds to a unique epitope only exposed on a transitional untethered form of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), and the de2–7 EGFR, but not exposed on wtEGFR. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies have demonstrated that the 806 antigen is not detected in any normal human tissue, but is highly expressed in a broad range of epithelial cancers, and in gliomas. Preclinial studies have shown that ch806 has potent anti-tumor activity in xenograft models expressing amplified EGFR or de2–7 EGFR, and is internalized into tumor cells. Methods: The primary objective of this first in man study was to determine the toxicity of increasing single doses of c806. The secondary objectives were to characterize the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics (pK) and tumor uptake of In-111 ch806, to determine human antibody responses (HACA), and to document tumour responses to ch806. Patients with advanced or metastatic disease whose tumors expressed the 806 antigen by IHC received a single infusion of 111 In-labelled ch806. 111 In-ch806 was administered as a single, 1 hour infusion at dose levels of of 5 mg/m 2 , 10 mg/m 2 , 20 mg/m 2 and 40 mg/m 2 . Results: 7 patients (1 at 5mg/m 2 dose and 2 each at 10, 20 and 40 mg/m 2 doses) have been entered into the study: squamous cell lung (2), colorectal (1), squamous cell anus (1), mesothelioma (1), squamous cell larynx (1) and squamous cell skin with lung metastasis (1). Patients had a median age 66 (range 49–75) and median of 1.5 (range 0–4) prior oncological treatment regimens. No significant toxicities were observed. The biodistribution of ch806 showed excellent targeting of tumour sites in all patients. There was no evidence of any normal tissue uptake of ch806. PK analysis showed comparable Cl at all dose levels (mean ± SD: 34.6 ± 5.0 mL/hr), no normal tissue saturable compartment, and dose dependent Cmax and AUC. HACA analysis is ongoing. One patient had a reduction in size of cervical lymphadenopathy on study, and progressive pulmonary disease at study completion. There was 1 patient with SD and 6 with PD at study completion. Conclusion: ch806 was very well tolerated and targeted a wide range of tumour types with no normal tissue uptake, which is markedly different to other mAbs that target wtEGFR. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Use of Liquid Biopsies in Clinical Oncology: Pilot Experience in 168 Patients
Authors: Maria Schwaederle, Hatim Husain, Paul T. Fanta, David E. Piccioni, Santosh Kesari, Richard B. Schwab, Sandip P. Patel, Olivier Harismendy, Megumi Ikeda, Barbara A. Parker, Razelle Kurzrock
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Purpose: There is a growing interest in using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing in patients with cancer. Experimental Design: A total of 168 patients with diverse cancers were analyzed. Patients had digital next-generation sequencing (54 cancer-related gene panel including amplifications in ERBB2, EGFR, and MET) performed on their plasma. Type of genomic alterations, potential actionability, concordance with tissue testing, and patient outcome were examined. Results: Fifty-eight percent of patients (98/168) had ≥1 ctDNA alteration(s). Of the 98 patients with alterations, 71.4% had ≥ 1 alteration potentially actionable by an FDA-approved drug. The median time interval between the tissue biopsy and the blood draw was 2.7 months for patients with ≥ 1 alteration in common compared with 14.4 months (P = 0.006) for the patients in whom no common alterations were identified in the tissue and plasma. Overall concordance rates for tissue and ctDNA were 70.3% for TP53 and EGFR, 88.1% for PIK3CA, and 93.1% for ERBB2 alterations. There was a significant correlation between the cases with ≥ 1 alteration with ctDNA ≥ 5% and shorter survival (median = 4.03 months vs. not reached at median follow-up of 6.1 months; P &amp;lt; 0.001). Finally, 5 of the 12 evaluable patients (42%) matched to a treatment targeting an alteration(s) detected in their ctDNA test achieved stable disease ≥ 6 months/partial remission compared with 2 of 28 patients (7.1%) for the unmatched patients, P = 0.02. Conclusions: Our initial study demonstrates that ctDNA tests provide information complementary to that in tissue biopsies and may be useful in determining prognosis and treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 22(22); 5497–505. ©2016 AACR.
Blood specimen collection tubes for coagulation tests.
Authors: E K Blackburn, N K Shinton
Journal: BMJ (1979)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Constipation causes considerable suffering, either as a direct result of physical symptoms or due to related social and psychological problems. Despite this, uncertainty persists about the best management within hospice settings. <h3>Aim</h3> To synthesise the current evidence base on the assessment and management of constipation for palliative care patients within a hospice setting. <h3>Methods</h3> A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Cinahl, Scopus, and Cochrane databases was undertaken in April 2017 for empirical studies, written in English, on the assessment and management of constipation in the hospice, between 2007 and 2017. Two researchers independently reviewed and critically appraised all studies, conducted data extraction and undertook a thematic analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Fourteen studies were included in the review including randomised trials (n=3), observational (n=5), and descriptive studies (n=6). The majority of the research was conducted in palliative care units and targeted either healthcare professionals or patients. The analysis highlighted a lack of standard definition of constipation. Clinicians experienced challenges in constipation assessment, with a need to combine patient reports with physical examination. Clinicians focused on pharmacological management, however, consideration around non-pharmacological aspects is also essential. Finally, the need to assess current practice for the management of constipation in light of changing priorities of care at end of life was emphasised. <h3> Discussion</h3> Supporting clinicians to more effectively assess and manage the complexities of constipation in this setting is essential in improving overall symptom management. Gaps in the evidence base included defining constipation, constipation prevention, non-pharmacological management, and management in the dying patient.
Survival Among Infants Born at 22 or 23 Weeks’ Gestation Following Active Prenatal and Postnatal Care
Authors: Katrin Mehler, André Oberthuer, Titus Keller, Ingrid Becker, Markus Valter, Bernhard Roth, Angela Kribs
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Rates of survival for infants born at the border of viability are still low and vary considerably among neonatal intensive care units. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether higher survival rates and better short-term outcomes for infants born at 22 or 23 weeks’ gestation may be achieved by active prenatal and postnatal care. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Retrospective study of 106 infants born at 22 or 23 weeks of gestation at a level III neonatal intensive care unit at the University of Cologne Medical Centre in Cologne, Germany, between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014. Data analysis was performed in June 2015. <h3>Exposures</h3> Active prenatal and postnatal care. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Survival until hospital discharge and survival without neonatal or short-term severe complications (defined as high-grade intraventricular hemorrhage, surgery for abdominal complications, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or retinopathy of prematurity). <h3>Results</h3> Of 106 liveborn infants (45 born at 22 weeks and 61 born at 23 weeks and 6 days), 20 (19%) received palliative care (17 born at 22 weeks and 3 born at 23 weeks), and 86 (81%) received active care (28 born at 22 weeks and 58 born at 23 weeks). Of the 86 infants who received active care (mean [SD] maternal age, 32 [6] years), 58 (67%) survived until hospital discharge (17 born at 22 weeks and 41 born at 23 weeks). Twenty-two infants survived without severe complications, with 1 infant born at 22 weeks excluded because of missing data (6 of 27 [22%] born at 22 weeks, and 16 of 58 [28%] born at 23 weeks). Survival was predicted by the Apgar score after 5 minutes (odds ratio, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.46-0.84]) and birth weight (odds ratio, 0.001 [95% CI, 0.00-0.40]). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> One in 4 infants born at the border of viability and offered active care survived without severe complications. This finding should be considered for individualized parental approaches and decision making. Active follow-up information is required to determine childhood outcomes.
Abiraterone acetate in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after chemotherapy: A “real life” retrospective analysis of progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) according to duration of androgen deprivation therapy.
Authors: Maria Agnese Fabbri, Paolo Marchetti, Enrico Cortesi, Daniele Santini, Teresa Gamucci, Francesco Angelini, Isabella Sperduti, Flavia Longo, Arianna Pellegrino, Annalisa Milano, Silvia Quadrini, ML Mancini, Francesca Primi, Fabrizio Nelli, Raffaele Ratta, Enzo Ruggeri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

337 Background: Abiraterone acetate (AA) is a potent, selective androgen (CYP17) biosynthesis inhibitor, which showed to improve overall survival in mCRPC pts progressing after docetaxel. Few data are available concerning the clinical outcome of AA treatment in mCRPC in terms of the duration of prior androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). In this retrospective analysis we assessed the PFS and OS in patients affected with mCRPC according to the duration of ADT. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of pts affected by mCRCP progressive after chemotherapy who received AA (1000 mg/d) plus prednisone (5 mg/twice daily). A total of 189 pts were included in the analysis, 71 received AA with ADT duration&lt;12 months (Group A) and 118 received AA with ADT duration ≥ 12 months (Group B). Patient characteristics’ in the two treatment groups (A VS B) were: median age: 75 vs 69 years, Gleason score ≥7: 96% vs 92%; median PSA at AA start 47 (range 36-2130) vs 32 (range 85-2100), No of metastatic sites: 1 : 70% vs 75% ;bone only 50% vs 47%, visceral disease alone: 3% vs 5%; symptomatic disease : 58% vs 40% (p 0.02); median number of prior docetaxel courses: 6 in both groups; second-line cabazitaxel:14% in both groups, bisphosphonates concomitant treatment 66% vs 52.5% (p:0.21). No difference in radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy were evidenced Results: At a median follow-up of 8.5 months (range 1-51) the median progression-free survival (PFS) and the median overall survival (OS) were 10 months (95% CI: 7-13) and 26 months (95% CI: 17-35) respectively in all mCRPC. Group B patients had a statistically significant longer PFS (13 vs 7 months, p=0.009) and OS (28 vs 17 months, p=0.03 months). The median decrease in the PSA level &gt; 50% was observed in 50 % of pts in both groups. AA was well tolerated and no relevant toxicity were observed Conclusions: This retrospective analysis showed a benefit in terms of PFS and OS in group B patients, our finding might be related to the best prognostic factors of patients in group B (less symptomatic).
Graduate Medical Education in the United States
Authors: W M Michener
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Use of Cell Colonies on Glass for Evaluating Nutrition and Growth in Roller-Tube Cultures&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Robert L. Ehrmann, George O. Gey
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1953)

The Use of Cell Colonies on Glass for Evaluating Nutrition and Growth in Roller-Tube Cultures Robert L. Ehrmann, Robert L. Ehrmann Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar George O. Gey George O. Gey Division for Cell Physiology, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical School, Baltimore, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 13, Issue 5, April 1953, Pages 1099–1121, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/13.5.1099 Published: 01 April 1953 Article history Received: 06 October 1952 Published: 01 April 1953
Divergent modes of clonal spread and intraperitoneal mixing in high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Andrew McPherson, Andrew Roth, Emma Laks, Tehmina Masud, Ali Bashashati, Allen W Zhang, Gavin Ha, Justina Biele, Damian Yap, Adrian Wan, Leah M Prentice, Jaswinder Khattra, Maia A Smith, Cydney B Nielsen, Sarah C Mullaly, Steve Kalloger, Anthony Karnezis, Karey Shumansky, Celia Siu, Jamie Rosner, Hector Li Chan, Julie Ho, Nataliya Melnyk, Janine Senz, Winnie Yang, Richard Moore, Andrew J Mungall, Marco A Marra, Alexandre Bouchard-Côté, C Blake Gilks, David G Huntsman, Jessica N McAlpine, Samuel Aparicio, Sohrab P Shah
Journal: Nature Genetics (2016)
Joseph M. Toner (1825-1896) as a medical historian
Authors: W. J. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The quarter century after 1865 witnessed a notable increase in the amount of historical writing about American medicine, and also a striking improvement in its quality, for authors now chose broader themes and employed printed and manuscript sources more assiduously than their predecessors. [...] One of those who encouraged, and in his career illustrated, this quickening interest in medical history was Joseph Meredith Toner, a well known practicing physician of Washington, DC, a leader in the profession who became president of both the American Medical Association and the American Public Health Association, a scholarly man with a taste for literary and antiquarian pursuits. As the author of historical monographs, the collector of a large library, and the promoter of commemorative events, he made important contributions to the history of medicine in the generation preceding that dominated by Mitchell and Osler. Born in Pittsburgh in 1825 of an Irish Catholic family settled