tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FRI0467-HPR Patterns of muscle strength reduction in patients with unilateral- and bilateral knee osteoarthritis
Authors: G. Grønhaug
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Muscular control of the knee is a vital aspect of living with knee osteoarthritis (OA). There is consistent evidence that OA patients have reduced strength in knee flexion and knee extension, while studies of hip abduction and hip adduction in knee OA patinets present somewhat inconsistent findings. These inconsistencies make room for doubt in clinical practice. <h3>Objectives</h3> To compare muscle strength in patients with knee OA and healthy controls and investigate whether the same pattern of weakness appears in subjects with bilateral versus unilateral knee OA. <h3>Methods</h3> 51 female patients were included; 10 with bilateral knee OA, 26 unilaterally affected (13 right side, 13 left side) and 15 healthy controls (HC). All patients were examined by an orthopaedic surgeon and the diagnosis was verified clinically and radiographically prior to testing. Four test s of maximum isometric strength (maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)) were performed: hip abduction, hip adduction, knee flexion, and knee extension. Each test was performed three times, and the highest score was used in the analyses. Comparisons between groups were performed with t-tests or analysis of variance. <h3>Results</h3> OA patients, when analysed as one group, were significantly weaker than HC in flexion (p&lt;0.05 both sides), extension (p&lt;0.05) right, p&lt;.05 left), abduction left side (p&lt;0.05), and adduction right side (p&lt;0.05), but not in adduction left side (p=0,1) and abduction right side (p=0,2). When splitting the OA patients in unilateral and bilateral affection, the unilateral group were significantly weaker than HC in all tests (p&lt;0.001 to p&lt;0.05), while the bilaterally affected group were significantly weaker in flexion (p&lt;0.05) and extension (p&lt;0.05), but not in adduction (p=1) and abduction (p=1). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Patients with bilateral knee OA seem to have a different pattern of muscle strength reduction than the unilaterally affected patients. The bilaterally affected OA patients were not significantly weaker than healthy controls in abduction and adduction of the hip. Analysing muscle strength in patients with unilateral- and bilateral knee OA as one group, can give biased results due to different pattern of weakness, and may explain the inconsistent findings in earlier studies. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Morphologic and Hemodynamic Changes in the Smaller Blood Vessels in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jörn Ditzel, Uffe Sagild
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

The importance of vascular degeneration in diabetes mellitus cannot be overemphasized. White and Waskow1 noted that of 220 juvenile diabetic patients who survived for twenty years 92 per cent gave manifestations of vascular disease, and Keiding et al.2 found that among 451 patients with onset of diabetes under the age of thirty years and with a duration of the disease of more than ten years, 49 per cent showed retinopathy, 22 per cent gave definite evidence of diabetic nephropathy, and 47 per cent had marked calcification in larger arteries.Recent studies indicate that the initial degenerative changes in the vascular . . .
Diversion of Urine to the Intestines as a Factor in Ammoniagenic Coma
Authors: William V. McDermott
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE studies from this laboratory1 2 3 4 on the subject of ammonia metabolism, which were initiated by the delineation of the syndrome of ammonia intoxication in a patient with an Eck fistula,5 led to an exploration of the metabolic disturbances recognized as a frequent sequela to the construction of ureteroenterostomies in man.After urinary flow has been diverted into the gastrointestinal tract a series of metabolic changes may occur that result in the syndrome of "hyperchloremic acidosis." A number of reports and studies on this syndrome and on the mechanisms involved have appeared in the past few years,6 7 8 9 10 11 and a detailed review . . .
Importance of SPECT/CT in Detecting Multiple Hemangiomas on 99mTc-Labeled RBC Blood Pool Scintigraphy
Authors: Shambo Guha Roy, Sellam Karunanithi, Krishan Kant Agarwal, Chandrasekhar Bal, Rakesh Kumar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Vascular malformations and hemangiomas are common in children, but gastric hemangioma is extremely rare with less than 15 reported cases in the pediatric age group. Gastric hemangioma accounts for only 0.05% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms, and intra-abdominal hemangiomas are rarely found outside of the liver. We present a unique case of gastric hemangioma, and multiple hemangiomas were detected in a single scan by 99mTc-labeled RBC blood pool imaging. This case also depicts the incremental role of SPECT/CT over planar acquisition for detecting multiple hemangiomas, especially for those lesions located adjacent to physiological blood pool activity.
STIMULATORY EFFECTS OF FETUIN-A ON ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Takuya Watanabe, Rena Watanabe, Yui Takahashi, Miho Kojima, Kaho Watanabe, Remina Shirai, Kengo Sato, Yoshitaka Iso, Taka-Aki Matsuyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Scabies and Global Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases
Authors: Bart J Currie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

In 1991, Taplin et al. published a seminal study from Panama showing that mass drug administration of the then newly available permethrin cream dramatically reduced the high rates of endemic scabies in island communities.1 In this issue of the Journal, Romani and colleagues report the results of the Skin Health Intervention Fiji Trial (SHIFT),2 which confirm the efficacy of mass administration of topical permethrin for scabies control. However, in their elegant randomized study involving island communities in Fiji, they also found that mass administration of oral ivermectin had superior effectiveness for scabies control. This study is timely, because scabies . . .
A1.44 Fibroblasts lose their immunosuppressive ability early in the development of rheumatoid arthritis: effects on lymphocyte recruitment
Authors: Helen M McGettrick, Andrew Filer, Karim Raza, Gerard B Nash, Christopher D Buckley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Fibroblasts actively regulate the recruitment of leukocytes by endothelial cells (EC), acting in a pro- or anti-inflammatory manner depending on their site of origin. The phenotype of the fibroblast may be a critical determinant of whether leukocyte recruitment, and therefore inflammation, resolves or persists. Here we examined how synovial fibroblasts from different stages of arthritis influenced the recruitment of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and their onward migration. <h3>Methods</h3> Fibroblasts were isolated from patients with resolving or persistent arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cohorts were categorised based on the stage of disease at the time of sample collection: very early (≤ 12wk duration); newly presented established (&gt;12 wk duration) or long established undergoing replacement surgery. Endothelial-fibroblast co-cultures were formed on either side of porous filters, and PBL adhesion was assessed using phase-contrast microscopy. <h3>Results</h3> Rheumatoid fibroblasts increased PBL recruitment in a disease duration-dependent manner (early RA &lt;newly established &lt;established, replacement). However, similar levels of binding were observed when fibroblasts from resolving or early RA tissue were incorporated. These data indicate that early RA and established, replacement fibroblasts have distinct phenotypes, where fibroblast in early RA have yet to acquire the ability to stimulate recruitment. When exogenous cytokines were added, co-cultures incorporating fibroblasts from resolving tissues suppressed PBL recruitment in an IL-6 and TGF-b dependent manner. Interestingly this immunosuppressive effect was lost in early RA, indicating that these fibroblasts lose their immunosuppressive phenotype early in disease development. Moreover, the mode of action of IL-6 and TGFb are hijacked in early RA, such that they no long suppress recruitment supporting aberrant lymphocyte infiltration. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Fibroblasts from acutely resolving and early persistent arthritis are distinct. The latter lose immunosuppressive capability and acquire modifications towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype early in the disease process, even before clinical criteria are fulfilled. They may thus induce recruitment or inappropriately support cytokine-driven recruitment, leading to an accumulation of PBL in the rheumatoid joint.
Abstract 4152: The detection of circulating tumor cells is a negative prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Josef Srovnal, Andrea Benedikova, Dusan Klos, Martin Lovecek, Roman Havlik, Lenka Radova, Karel Cwiertka, Marian Hajduch
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: We tested the hypothesis that the presence of CTC is a negative prognostic factor in patients with pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies with the poor prognosis. Assessment of the circulating tumor cells (CTC) in patients with this highly malignant disease could prevent burdensome surgery in patients with systemic dissemination. Patients and methods: This was a prospective study to test for the presence of CTC in systemic blood, portal blood, bone marrow and peritoneal lavage in 90 pancreatic cancer patients at the time of surgery using real-time RT-PCR for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR1) and human telomerase (hTERT). Absolute gene expressions of tested markers were correlated with clinical/pathological characteristics and survival parameters. Results: Overall, 51 of 90 (56.6%) pancreatic cancer patients died, the overall survival median was 8.8 months. We found a statistically significant association between EGFR and hTERT expression levels in the portal blood and clinical stage. We also showed high expression of EGFR and CEA in the peritoneal lavage of patients with metastatic disease, in contrast to patients without the presence of the metastases. CTC positive patients measured as hTERT in tumor draining blood and CEA in bone marrow showed significantly poorer overall survival (OS) (p=0.005/ p=0.001). We also found statistically significant shorter OS in patients with EGFR positive peritoneal lavage (p=0.01). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate a high sensitivity and specificity of the real-time RT-PCR method for CTC detection in pancreatic cancer. Detection of CTC seems to be negative prognostic factor for overall survival in pancreatic cancer and can influence the radical surgery decision. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4152. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4152
VENTRICULAR STIFFNESS, IMPAIRED RELAXATION AND VASCULAR STIFFNESS CAUSE ABNORMAL RV RESERVE CAPACITY IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE AND PRESERVED BIVENTRICULAR FUNCTION
Authors: Philipp Lurz, Karl-Philipp Rommel, Maximilian Von Roeder, Konrad Latuscynski, Christian Oberrueck, Stephan Blazek, Christian Besler, Karl Fengler, Marcus Sandri, Christian Luecke, Matthias Gutberlet, Gerhard Schuler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Abstract LB-190: Time to treatment of Latinas with breast cancer utilizing patient navigation: the Six Cities Study.
Authors: Amelie G. Ramirez, Eliseo Perez-Stable, Gregory A. Talavera, Frank J. Penedo, J. Emilio Carrillo, Maria E. Fernandez, Alan E. C. Holden, Edgar Munoz, Dorothy Long-Parma, Sandra San Miguel de Mejors, Kipling Gallion
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in Latinas. Time from cancer diagnosis to treatment initiation is critical in optimizing cancer care. Patient navigation is a potentially effective means of promoting timely treatment of breast cancer, yet efficacy is insufficiently documented. Redes en Accion here evaluates a culturally sensitive patient navigation program to reduce time from cancer to diagnosis to treatment and increase proportions of women treated within 30 days of diagnosis. METHODS: We analyzed 109 Latinas diagnosed with breast cancer from July 2008-January 2011 (42 navigated, 67 controls). Women were navigated by locally trained navigators or non-navigated (data abstracted from charts). Kaplan-Meier, Cox proportional hazards, and logistic regression were used to determine group differences. RESULTS: Time from cancer diagnosis to 1st treatment was lower in the navigated group (MED 21 days, control 32 days, HR 1.6, p=0.02). 64.3% began treatment within 30 days of cancer diagnosis, compared to 47.8% of non-navigated Latinas (p=0.015) controlling for stage of cancer at diagnosis and numerous characteristics of clinics and participants. Effects were due to navigator activities compared to those who did not need or utilize them, including appointment reminders, transportation arrangements, accompaniment to appointments, and translation services. CONCLUSIONS: Patient-centered navigation to assist Latina women with breast cancer diagnoses significantly reduces time from diagnosis to treatment, and increases the proportion of women who begin treatment within 30 days of diagnosis. Improvement appears to be associated with specific navigator activities. Acknowledgement: Redes En Acción: The National Latino Cancer Research Network (NCI U01 CA114657-05) and the Cancer Therapy and Research Center at the University of Texas Health Science at Center San Antonio (Grant # P30CA054174). Citation Format: Amelie G. Ramirez, Eliseo Perez-Stable, Gregory A. Talavera, Frank J. Penedo, J. Emilio Carrillo, Maria E. Fernandez, Alan E. C. Holden, Edgar Munoz, Dorothy Long-Parma, Sandra San Miguel de Mejors, Kipling Gallion. Time to treatment of Latinas with breast cancer utilizing patient navigation: the Six Cities Study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-190. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-190
P252 PD-1 Expression on Human Lung T Cells in Health and COPD
Authors: RT McKendry, CM Spalluto, KJ Staples, TMA Wilkinson
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Patient s with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are susceptible to the effects of recurrent respiratory infections despite increased numbers of CD8+ T cells in the lungs. We hypothesised that the inability of CD8+ T cells to successfully combat respiratory pathogens in COPD may be due to T cell “exhaustion” - a phenomenon described in chronic infections. Exhausted CD8+ T cells have significantly reduced cytotoxicity and inflammatory cytokine release. Exhaustion is thought to be initiated by the binding of PD-1 on T cells to its ligand (PD-L1) which is expressed on epithelial cells and macrophages. PD-1 expression is upregulated in murine models of acute and chronic viral infection, but this has yet to be elucidated in human cells. We aimed to identify and quantify PD-1+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and cells expressing PD-L1 in the lungs of COPD patients and non-COPD controls. <h3>Methods</h3> Lung tissue from patients undergoing surgery was digested using collagenase to form single-cell suspensions. Lung T cells were identified as populations of CD45+CD3+ cells which were either CD4+CD8- or CD4-CD8+. T cells expressing PD-1 were quantified by multi-colour flow cytometry. Patients with a FEV1/FVC ratio &lt;70% were defined as having COPD. <h3>Results</h3> The proportion of CD8+ T cells in the COPD lung (mean expression=40.87%, SD=14.67) was significantly higher (p=0.013, students t-test) than in non-COPD (mean expression=26.74%, SD=11.12), reflecting previous findings. PD-1 expression in CD4+ T cells appeared to be lower in COPD (mean expression=39.91%, SD=13.02) than non-COPD (mean expression=50.53%, sd=13.05) but this was not significant. PD-1 expressing CD4+ cells (mean expression=2.17%, SD=1.4) and CD8+ cells (mean expression=6.02%, sd=5.73) were detected in tissue, but not in the blood of the same patients. PD-L1 was undetectable on lung epithelial cells but was expressed on macrophages (mean expression = 2.85%, SD=1.91). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Elements of the exhaustion pathway are expressed in the human lung in stable COPD. Further work is needed to clarify if there is an upregulation of this pathway in COPD that may explain the susceptibility of these patients to viral exacerbation. Exhaustion of cells recognising respiratory pathogens may have a significant role in COPD outcomes and requires further elucidation.
Abstract 5090: Targeted inhibition of MEK and AKT pathways in combination with radiation as a novel treatment paradigm in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Terence M. Williams, Athena Flecha, Ashwin N. Ram, Paul R. Keller, Stefanie Galban, Craig Galban, Brian D. Ross, Alnawaz Rehemtulla, Judith S. Sebolt-Leopold
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract There is an urgent need for the development of novel therapies to treat pancreatic cancer, which is among the most lethal of all cancers. KRAS activating mutations, which are found in &amp;gt;90% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas, drive tumor dependency on the RAS/MAPK and AKT signaling pathways. Radiation is currently being explored in both the post-operative and inoperable settings as a component of the standard treatment regimen for pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that MEK inhibitors will offer clear therapeutic benefit when integrated into radiotherapy treatment regimens for treatment of this disease. We explored the activation of the MAPK and AKT pathways in response to radiation in multiple pancreatic tumor cell lines. Small molecule inhibitors of MEK (PD0325901) and AKT (API-2) were subsequently evaluated for their radiosensitizing potential alone and in combination. In vivo efficacy was tested in subcutaneous MiaPaCa2 xenografts and diffusion MRI (dMRI) was explored as a surrogate biomarker of response. Phosphorylated levels of ERK and AKT were found to increase in response to radiation treatment in our pancreatic tumor cell line panel. MEK inhibitor-induced radiosensitization was observed in vitro as well as in vivo, where changes in dMRI strongly correlated with changes in tumor burden. The further addition of an AKT inhibitor to the MEK inhibitor/radiation regimen resulted in enhanced therapeutic gain as measured by radiosensitization and tumor cell death. In conclusion, MEK inhibition results in growth arrest, apoptosis, and radiosensitization of multiple preclinical pancreatic tumor models and the effects can be enhanced by combination with an AKT inhibitor. These results provide rationale for further testing of a treatment regimen in pancreatic cancer that combines MEK inhibition with radiation, optimally in conjunction with AKT inhibition. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5090. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5090
Abstract 3564: A Phase II randomized trial of lycopene-rich tomato extract among men with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN)
Authors: Peter H. Gann, Ryan Deaton, Erika Enk, Richard B. van Breemen, Misop Han, Yi Lu, Viju Ananthanarayanan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Evidence from observational epidemiology, animal models and cell culture experiments suggest that tomato foods or other sources of lycopene might inhibit the development of prostate cancer. Clinical trial data, however, is thus far sparse, especially in relation to effects on benign prostate tissue. We conducted a 6-month repeat biopsy trial in men with HGPIN who were randomly assigned to consume either placebo or capsules of Lyco-Mato®, a tomato oleoresin containing 30 mg/day of lycopene. All participants were encouraged to avoid lycopene containing foods and supplements while on-study. Here we report results for serum lycopene, PSA and IGF proteins, and initial results for immunohistochemical analysis of markers for proliferation (minichromosome maintenance protein 2, MCM-2) and cell cycle inhibition (p27). Biopsy slides were stained using monoclonal antibodies for both markers and scoring was performed using an Aperio whole-slide digital microscope and scoring algorithms plus Genie® pattern recognition software for defining the epithelial compartment. Serum lycopene was determined by LC-MS-MS; PSA, IGF-1 and IGFBP3 were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Primary analyses compared treatment groups using a paired t test for the change in each endpoint. A total of 58 men completed the trial (26 active, 32 placebo); assignment groups were equivalent at baseline in terms of age, race, serum lycopene, PSA, IGF-1 and IGFBP3. Serum lycopene increased by 0.550 μmol/L (77%) in the active treatment group and declined by 0.288 μmol/L (19%) in the placebo group. We observed no meaningful differences in serum PSA, IGF-1 or IGFBP3 concentrations between groups. There were also no differences between groups in the percentages of epithelial nuclei expressing MCM-2 or the scoring index combining percentage with nuclear stain intensity. Similar null results were seen for staining with the CDK2 inhibitor p27. We conclude that despite a large difference in serum lycopene concentrations following intervention, no effects were apparent at 6 months on PSA or IGF proteins. The IHC results, although preliminary, suggest that treatment had no effect on epithelial cell proliferation or cell cycle inhibition via p27. Further analyses, including analysis of additional IHC markers, are currently underway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3564. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3564
Mantle cell lymphoma masked by posttraumatic pancreatic hematoma
Authors: Seungho Lee, Joung-Ho Han, Ki Kim, Seon Park, Min Kang, Hye-Suk Han, Song-Yi Choi
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Pelvic computed tomography revealed a 15-cm peripancreatic mass in a 73-year-old man undergoing an operation for appendicitis associated with a periappendiceal abscess. The patient had been hospitalized 18 months previously for blunt abdominal trauma sustained during a motor vehicle collision. At that time, hemoperitoneum and a peripancreatic hematoma were diagnosed ([Fig. 1 a]). The hematoma decreased in size within 1 week, and there was no evidence of major pancreatic duct injury; thus, he was managed conservatively. The lesion continued to shrink for 6 months after the injury ([Fig. 1 b]), but the volume had increased at the time of the appendectomy, as shown by computed tomography ([Fig. 1 c]). Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy with a 19-gauge needle (ProCore; Cook Medical, Bloomington, Indiana, USA) was used to identify the lesion. Pathologic examination and immunohistochemical staining of the specimen yielded a diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma ([Fig. 2 a – c]).