tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Resistance to Androgen-Pathway Drugs in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Mehmet A N Şendur, Muhammed B Akıncı, Bülent Yalçın
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

To the Editor: Antonarakis and colleagues (Sept. 11 issue) 1 reported a significant association between the presence of androgen-receptor splice variant 7 messenger RNA (AR-V7) in circulating tumor cells and shorter prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression–free survival, clinical or radiographic progression–free survival, and overall survival in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who were treated with enzalutamide or abiraterone. Several treatment options (abiraterone, enzalutamide, sipuleucel-T, and radium-223) have recently been shown to prolong survival in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who have not previously been treated with chemotherapy; the identification of reliable biomarkers that can predict response should optimize treatment with these approaches. A study by Loriot and colleagues 2 suggests that the duration of sensitivity to previous androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is predictive of the efficacy of subsequent endocrine manipulations in patients with castrationresistant prostate cancer. Loriot et al. found that 58% of patients with a duration of sensitivity to previous therapy of at least 16 months had a PSA response to subsequent treatment, as compared with 18% of patients with a duration of sensitivity of less than 16 months (P = 0.01). Antonarakis et al. observed no PSA response to abiraterone or enzalutamide in men who tested positive for AR-V7. We wonder about the relationship between AR-V7 positivity and the duration of response to previous ADT.
The American Year-Book of Medicine and Surgery
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AB0517 Dynamics of B Lymphocyte Subsets Counts in SLE Patients Treated with Rituximab
Authors: A.A. Mesnyankina, E.N. Aleksandrova, S.K. Soloviev, A.P. Aleksankin, S.I. Gluhova, A.A. Novikov, E.A. Aseeva, E.V. Suponitskaya, E.L. Nasonov
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Objectives</h3> <i>B subsets</i>. To study the correlation between the counts of B cell subsets and SLE activity, and their dynamics after treatment with rituximab. <h3>Methods</h3> Rituximab in doses from 500 to 2000 mg was administered to 8 SLE patients with high and moderate disease activity (1 male and 7 females), 6 patients had lupus nephritis. The relative counts of CD19 + B cells, the total population of memory B cells (CD19 + CD27 +), “preswitch” (CD19 + IgD + CD27 +) and “postswitch” (CD19 + IgD-CD27 +) memory B cells, naive (CD19 + IgD + CD27-) and transitional (CD19 + IgD + CD10 + CD38 ++ CD27-) B cells, plasmablasts (CD19 + CD38 +++ IgD-CD27 + CD20-), short-lived plasma cells (CD19 +, CD38 +), long-lived plasma cells (CD19 + CD138 +), and double negative B-cells (CD19 + CD27-IgD-) were measured. All B cell subsets were determined by multi-color flow cytometry using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to B-lymphocytes9 surface membrane markers. Statistical analysis was performed using the U Mann-Whitney test. <h3>Results</h3> There was no statistically significant correlation between SLE activity and B-cell subsets counts before initiation of rituximab, most likely due to a small sample size. 2-12 scores decrease by SLEDAI2K scale in SLE activity from average 19±5 score “before” to average 11±4 scores “after” was documented already in 3 months after initiation of rituximab. This was accompanied by reduction of CD 19+ levels (median 6.25% (4.2 -10,5); 0,1% (0,05-1,5), (<i>p</i> =0,004;)), count of short-lived plasma cells (CD19 +, CD38 +) (median 5.5% (2,2-7,15); 0,15% (0-1,3), (<i>p</i> =0,008)), memory B cells (CD19 + CD27 +) (median 1% (0,8-3); 0,05% (0-0,4), (<i>p</i> =0,01)), and naive (CD19 + IgD + CD27-) B cells (median 42.6% (22,9-49,75); 14% (2,15-21,2), (<i>p</i> =0,01)). Residual CD19 + cells during severe depletion phase were mostly represented by “preswitch” (CD19 + IgD + CD27 +) and “postswitch” (CD19 + IgD-CD27 +) memory B cells, and double negative memory B cells (CD19 + CD27-IgD -). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Reduction of SLE clinical activity is associated with accompanying decrease in the counts of short-lived plasma cells (CD19 +, CD38 +), memory B cells (CD19 + CD27 +), naive (CD19 + IgD + CD27-) B-lymphocytes, which most likely indicates that these cells are major targets for anti-B cell therapy, as well as key players in autoimmune process development and progression. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Levodopa and the Progression of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Janice L Walton-Hadlock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

to the editor: The measurements of motor responses after treatment with levodopa reported by the Parkinson Study Group (Dec. 9 issue) 1 were taken too soon. The brief half-life of blood-borne levodopa is not related to the very slow rates of accumulation and depletion of dopamine retained in the limbic system. Ignoring paired facts that both the full effectiveness and the full limbic depletion of ingested levodopa require nearly 10 weeks, this study obtained skewed results by measuring movement only 2 weeks after the withdrawal of levodopa therapy. The full decline in motor function as the level of limbic dopamine drops below the threshold level begins to appear only after 2 to 3 weeks and is completely evident after 10 weeks. (The development of the on–off phenomenon has a different origin.) Had this study measured motor function after 10 weeks instead of 2, I think it would have found motor results that corresponded to the findings of levodopa-inflicted cell loss that would have conformed to all previous studies: an accelerated decline in motor function as a result of levodopa therapy, as compared with placebo. This study, by measuring motor function too soon, dangerously encourages the use of larger starting doses of levodopa. 2
Histamine
Authors: Michael A. Beaven
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The Classic Antihistamines (H1 Inhibitors)Since the early work of Dale and Lewis had indicated that histamine may be important in a number of disorders, there was great interest in the report by Bovet and Staub, in 1937, that a series of compounds possessed antihistamine activity. These substances were too toxic for clinical use, but later studies led to the discovery of a derivative, phenbenzamine (Antergan), and then pyrilamine maleate (Neo-Antergan) (Table 1), which proved to be effective clinically. Additional research in the United States resulted in the development, in 1946, of the highly effective histamine antagonists, diphenhydramine and . . .
Mental status, functioning, and stress in chronic schizophrenic patients in communicity care
Authors: G Serban
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

The author studied the interactions between functioning, stress, and psychological deficit, variables considered essential to the schizophrenic patient's adjustment in the community. The results indicate that comprehensive measurement of functioning and stress correlates significantly with mental status. A breakdown by the components of functioning and stress revealed further areas of interaction between these variables. An important finding was that anxiety contributed maximally to the prediction of stress and depression to that of functioning. These data seem relevant to the schizophrenic patient's degree of social adjustment in the community.
Schizophrenic patients' sensitivity to social cues: the role of abstraction
Authors: P W Corrigan, M F Green
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

Since individuals with schizophrenia often have difficulty with abstract tasks, they should have more problems recognizing abstract social cues (e.g., inferences regarding actors' affect and goals) than concrete cues (e.g., observations of actors' behavior and dialogue). Moreover, recognition of abstract and concrete cues should interact with the level of emotional arousal engendered by the situation; previous research has shown that schizophrenic patients perform better on cue recognition tasks when the situation produces moderate rather than low levels of arousal.These hypotheses were tested in 24 patients with schizophrenia diagnosed according to the DSM-III-R criteria and 15 normal comparison subjects. All subjects viewed eight short vignettes of interpersonal situations that produce low and moderate levels of arousal. They then answered questions representing perception of abstract and concrete cues that had been matched for difficulty and consistency.The schizophrenic patients were significantly less sensitive to interpersonal cues than the normal subjects. The patients were also less sensitive to abstract than to concrete social cues, and for them there was a significant interaction between cue abstraction level and situational arousal. Specifically, the schizophrenic subjects performed worse on the abstract cue recognition task for the low-arousal situations.Findings regarding the social cue recognition patterns of schizophrenic patients could play an important role in the development of valid measures of social cognition for this population.
AB0308 Interoperable Electronic Health Record (EHR) Module for Monitoring of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Patients in Specialist and Non-Specialist Care
Authors: R. Radomski, K. Sikorska-Siudek, S. Bojanowski, M. Przygodzka
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Treatment of RA patients in primary care and other non-specialist practices does not commonly follow EULAR and ACR recommendations [1]. Use of interoperable EHR systems, based on globally accepted healthcare data standards, may enable a proper and widespread implementation of recommended diagnosis criteria, disease-specific assessments, monitoring plans and clinical decision support. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of the study was to design and develop an interoperable standard based EHR module of outpatient consultation note, intended to support a process of monitoring and treatment of RA patients. <h3>Methods</h3> 10 RA-specific HL7 CDA [2] templates (on document, section and entry levels) and the clinical form for document editing were designed and developed. The user acceptance tests were performed by practitioning rheumatologists. The interoperability of the electronic clinical documents generated by the EHR module was tested by schematron validation tool using two different HL7 CDA R2 implementation guides (the Consolidated CDA v. 1.1 and the National Polish Implementation of HL7 CDA v. 0.9.10). <h3>Results</h3> The developed EHR module contains RA-specific assessments, including early morning joint stiffness duration, VAS General Health, VAS Pain, DAS28, 66/68 SJC, RA medication and its compliance. The module generates HL7 V3 compliant data objects, that were proved to be conformant to both US and Polish requirements for semantic interoperability in healthcare. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The developed HL7 CDA templates for RA-specific document, its sections and entries (assessments) should be submitted to public repositories of HL7 building blocks to be easily accessed and used by EHR system providers in their products. <h3>References</h3> Singh JA et. al. 2012 Update of the 2008 American College of Rheumatology Recommendations for the Use of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs and Biologic Agents in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Care &amp; Research Vol. 64, No. 5, May 2012, pp 625–639. HL7 CDA R2. http://www.hl7.org/implement/standards/product_brief.cfm?product_id=7 (Accessed 27 Jan 2015) <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> This work was partially supported by the European Union in the FICHe program. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
PWE-329 A potential role of braf mutation immunohistochemistry in the investigation and treatment of anal melanoma
Authors: HG Jones, R Egan, M Davies, D Harris, U Khot, T Chandrasekaran, O Hatcher, S Gwynne, K Maw, N Williams, M Evans, J Beynon
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Malignant melanoma of the anal mucosa is a rare and aggressive cancer. There is very little evidence about the optimal investigation and treatment of this condition. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of BRAF mutation in anal melanoma (AM), compared to that of the cutaneous form of the disease (BRAF mutation present in around 60% of cases). Secondary objectives were to assess overall survival and recurrence rates after abdomino-peroneal excision (APE) versus wide local excision (WLE). <h3>Method</h3> An observational study with retrospective data collection was conducted on all patients coded with AM on the local pathology system. Data were collected on patient demographics, radiological investigations, local and systemic therapies, pathological reports and mortality and morbidity. BRAF mutation was assessed through a newly validated immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. <h3>Results</h3> Nine patients were diagnosed with AM over the study period, 7 had tissue available for BRAF IHC. There were five men, and two women, with a median age of 66 years (range 48–74). The mortality rate was 71.4% (5 of 7 patients), with a one and two-year survival of 57% and 29% respectively. Of the seven patients tested for a BRAF mutation, one (14%) tested positive for a mutation in the BRAF gene on IHC. <h3>Conclusion</h3> AM is an extremely aggressive cancer with very poor prognosis. This study demonstrated a low incidence of BRAF mutation in AM, which suggests that kinase inhibitors such as Vemurafenib will have little impact on the treatment and prognosis of this condition. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Rhinoscleroma
Authors: Juan P Castanedo Cázares, Karla I Martinez Rosales
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

A 63-year-old man presented with a 10-year history of a mass growing in the central region of his face, involving his nose and upper lip. Histopathological examination revealed foamy macrophages, and culture of tissue fragments showed the presence of klebsiella.
A phase III study to compare efficacy and safety of DHP107 (oral paclitaxel) versus IV paclitaxel in patients with metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer after failure of first-line chemotherapy (DREAM).
Authors: Sang Cheul Oh, Min-Hee Ryu, Se Hoon Park, Baek-Yeol Ryoo, Sook Ryun Park, Jong Gwang Kim, Jin Won Kim, Ik-Joo Chung, Young Iee Park, Sun Young Rha, Myoung Joo Kang, Jae Yong Cho, Seok Yun Kang, Young Seon Hong, Byung-Ho Nam, Yeong-Woo Jo, Koung Eun Yoon, Yoon-Koo Kang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

TPS4138 Background: Paclitaxel is an antineoplastic agent widely used for treating cancer patients. However, only IV paclitaxel is available on the market. DHP107, a novel oral formulation, is composed of edible oils. Also, it is able to safely and effectively absorb paclitaxel to body via intestine without concomitant use of P-glycoprotein inhibitors. In the first-in-human study, DHP107 showed no dose limiting toxicity (DLT) at a single dose-escalating schedule and was considered safe and feasible in patients with advanced malignancies. In a phase I-IIa study which included advanced gastric cancer or metastatic solid tumors, the recommended dose (RD) of DHP107 was determined as 200mg/m2 bid on days 1, 8, 15 at 4-weekly interval. In the study, the pharmacokinetic profiles of DHP107 were similar to IV paclitaxel, and 3 out of 10 gastric cancer patients who failed first-line chemotherapy showed partial response at the RD. Based on this background, a phase III randomized study has been initiated in gastric cancer and the progress is presenting here. Methods: Since April 2013, patients with metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer in second-line setting have been enrolled. Patients are randomized as 1:1 in open label to Arm A (DHP107) vs Arm B (IV paclitaxel). Arm A regimen consists of 200mg/m2 po bid on day 1, 8, 15, every 4 weeks. In arm B, paclitaxel 175mg/m2 was infused on day 1, every 3 weeks. Key inclusion criteria are ECOG performance status ≤ 2, failure of first-line chemotherapy including fluoropyrimidine and/or platinum, at least 1 measurable lesion by RECIST version 1.1. Response evaluation is performed every 6 (±1) weeks. Primary endpoint is progression free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints include overall response rate, overall survival and safety. With power of 80% and one-sided type I error rate of 2.5%, 204 events are required to observe non-inferiority of DHP107 compared with IV paclitaxel in PFS. With 10% of drop-out rate, target enrollment is 238 subjects from 12 sites in Korea. For the efficacy analysis, test for non-inferiority will be performed sequentially, first with non-inferiority margin of 1.48, and then 1.25. Clinical trial information: NCT01839773.
Book: Making Use of Guidelines in Clinical Practice; Implementing Clinical Guidelines: A Practical Guide
Authors: A. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Ed Allen Hutchinson, Richard Baker Radcliffe Medical Press, £18.95, pp 224 ISBN 1 85775 088 8 Ed Debra Humphris, Peter Littlejohns Radcliffe Medical Press, £18.95, pp 200 ISBN 1 85775 293 7 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> "When examining a patient with gastrointestinal symptoms, if you don't put your finger up [the rectum] you put your foot in it" was the first clinical guideline I was taught as a student in the 1970s. Since then, I have continued to receive guidelines at an increasing rate Most of these have been sent "cold" and have been variously binned, filed, or acted on. With so much emphasis put on the need for a strong evidence base in guidelines, it is ironic that the commonest method of implementation (unsupported dissemination), according to a recent review by … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Selective Sweeps across Twenty Millions Years of Primate Evolution
Authors: Kasper Munch, Kiwoong Nam, Mikkel Heide Schierup, Thomas Mailund
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2016)

The contribution from selective sweeps to variation in genetic diversity has proven notoriously difficult to assess, in part because polymorphism data only allows detection of sweeps in the most recent few hundred thousand years. Here, we show how linked selection in ancestral species can be quantified across evolutionary timescales by analyzing patterns of incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) along the genomes of closely related species. We show that sweeps in the human–chimpanzee and human–orangutan ancestors can be identified as depletions of ILS in regions in excess of 100 kb in length. Sweeps predicted in each ancestral species, as well as recurrent sweeps predicted in both species, often overlap sweeps predicted in humans. This suggests that many genomic regions experience recurrent selective sweeps. By comparing the ILS patterns along the genomes of the closely related human–chimpanzee and human–orangutan ancestors, we are further able to quantify the impact of selective sweeps relative to that of background selection. Compared with the human–orangutan ancestor, the human–chimpanzee ancestor shows a strong excess of regions depleted of ILS as well as a stronger reduction in ILS around genes. We conclude that sweeps play a strong role in reducing diversity along the genome and that sweeps have reduced diversity in the human–chimpanzee ancestor much more than in the human–orangutan ancestor.
Memory limitations and chunking are variable and cannot explain language structure
Authors: Maryellen C. MacDonald
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2016)

Abstract Both the Now-or-Never bottleneck and the chunking mechanisms hypothesized to cope with it are more variable than Christiansen &amp; Chater (C&amp;C) suggest. These constructs are, therefore, too weak to support C&amp;C's claims for the nature of language. Key aspects of the hierarchical nature of language instead arise from the nature of sequencing of subgoals during utterance planning in language production.
Pseudohomosexuality in feminist students
Authors: Z Defries
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

The author describes the influence of the feminist movement on the intellectual, social, and sexual behavior of feminist college students. The complex interrelationship between sexual political ideology and actual sexual behavior creates confusion and anxiety for some vulnerable students in their attempts to evolve a satisfactory sexual identity. A series of vignettes illustrates the struggle of such students, who initially expressed concern over actual or potential lesbianism and its connection to the movement, to resolve their conflicts concerning feminism and sexual preference.
Urban outbreak of Q fever, Briançon, France, March to June 1996
Authors: A Armengaud, N Kessalis, J C Desenclos, E Maillot, P Brousse, P Brouqui, H Tixier-Dupont, D Raoult, P Provensal, Y Obadia
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1997)

Q fever is an ubiquitous zoonosis caused by the rickettsial organism Coxiella burnetii. Both sporadic cases and epidemics occur in areas where sheep and goats are bred. The main route of transmission is by inhalation of aerosols from the environment (soil
Curability of relapsed childhood B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after intensive first line therapy: a report from the Societe Francaise d'Oncologie Pediatrique
Authors: T Philip, O Hartmann, R Pinkerton, JM Zucker, JC Gentet, JP Lamagnere, H Berhendt, Y Perel, J Otten, P Lutz
Journal: Blood (1993)
ASCO 30 years later: the state of the Society.
Authors: G P Canellos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1994.12.11.2510 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 7964966 ASCO 30 years later: the state of the Society. G P CanellosxG P CanellosSearch for articles by this author Show More Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1994.12.11.2510 First Page PDF © 1994 by American Society of Clinical Oncology