tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Fecal Occult-Blood Tests for Colorectal-Cancer Screening
Authors: James E. Allison, Irene S. Tekawa, Laura J. Ransom, Alyn L. Adrain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Hemoccult II, a widely used guaiac test for fecal occult blood, has a low sensitivity for detecting colorectal neoplasms in asymptomatic patients at average risk. In such patients, the performance characteristics of screening tests developed to improve on Hemoccult II are not known.A set of three fecal occult-blood tests--Hemoccult II; Hemoccult II Sensa, a more sensitive guaiac test; and HemeSelect, an immunochemical test for human hemoglobin--was mailed to all patients 50 years of age or older who were scheduled for personal health appraisals at the Kaiser Permanente Medical Center in Oakland, California. The performance of each test and of a combination test (HemeSelect to confirm positive Hemoccult II Sensa results) was evaluated by identifying screened patients who had colorectal neoplasma (carcinoma or a polyp > or = 1 cm in diameter) in the two years after screening.Of the 10,702 eligible patients, 8104 (75.7 percent) had at least one interpretable sample and were screened on the basis of at least one test; 96 percent of these patients had complete two-year follow-up. The sensitivity of the tests for detecting carcinoma was lowest with Hemoccult II (37.1 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 19.7 to 54.6 percent), intermediate with the combination test (65.6 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 47.6 to 83.6 percent) and with HemeSelect (68.8 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 51.1 to 86.4 percent), and highest with Hemoccult II Sensa (79.4 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 64.3 to 94.5 percent). The specificity for detecting carcinoma was 86.7 percent with Hemoccult II Sensa, 94.4 percent with HemeSelect, 97.3 percent with the combination test, and 97.7 percent with Hemoccult II. HemeSelect and the combination test detected more colorectal carcinomas and polyps than Hemoccult II, with only slight increases in the number of colonoscopies needed.HemeSelect and a combination test in which HemeSelect is used to confirm positive Hemoccult II Sensa results improve on Hemoccult II in screening patients for colorectal carcinoma.
Comparison of Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus and Squirrel Monkey (&lt;italic&gt;Saimiri sciureus&lt;/italic&gt;) Retrovirus by Immunoelectron Microscopy&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: G. C. Smith, R. L. Heberling, S. S. Kalter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Comparison of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus and squirrel monkey retrovirus (both candidate type D oncorna-viruses) by immunoelectron microscopy revealed that these two viruses do not share common surface antigens.
Stress Incontinence Treated by Vesicourethropexy
Authors: Lawrence H. Doolittle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

TRUE stress incontinence in women is most commonly seen after trauma to the vaginal walls incidental to childbirth. It is now generally accepted1 2 3 that the cause of this incontinence and of that due to old age is the loss of the normal fascial and muscular supports of the vesical neck and urethra.Kegel4 , 5 has described what he calls "physiologic therapy" for this distressing condition. His method is an office procedure that requires great patience and persistence on the part of patient and physician. I am sure that his many successes are the result of strengthened muscles, which raise the bladder . . .
An Overview of Mammography: Benefits and Limitations
Authors: Robert A. Smith
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2003)

Although broad consensus exists that mammography is beneficial, there has been persistent and evolving debate over the extent of the benefit, as well as concerns about cost-effectiveness. Ongoing evaluation of the world's randomized clinical trials as well as new evaluations of population service screening (ie, organized, community-based screening) clearly show that mammography is beneficial and that the benefit of modern mammography among women who attend screening exceeds what has conventionally been estimated from the trials. Limitations of mammography include human and financial costs associated with missed cancers and false-positive results. However, it is important to distinguish those limitations of mammography that are inherent limitations of the technology from those that can be reduced through greater attention to quality assurance.
Ineffectiveness of Fluoride Therapy in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: John B. Harley, Albert Schilling, Oliver Glidewell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

A double-blind Cooperative study involving 150 patients with multiple myeloma was undertaken to determine if sodium fluoride administration could favorably influence the clinical course. No beneficial effect on the subjective or objective aspects of the clinical course, nor on survival, could be identified during an observation period of 53 to 70 months. There is suggestive evidence that the production of fluorosis may be detrimental to the clinical course of a patient with multiple myeloma.
Heterozygosity for Homocystinuria in Premature Peripheral and Cerebral Occlusive Arterial Disease
Authors: Godfried H.J. Boers, Antony G.H. Smals, Frans J.M. Trijbels, Brian Fowler, Jan A.J.M. Bakkeren, Henny C. Schoonderwaldt, Wim J. Kleijer, Peter W.C. Kloppenborg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Premature arteriosclerosis and thromboembolic events are well-known complications of homozygous homocystinuria due to cystathionine synthase deficiency. It is unknown whether heterozygosity for homocystinuria predisposes to premature vascular disease. We explored the frequency of excessive homocysteine accumulation after standardized methionine loading in 75 patients presenting with clinical signs of ischemic disease before the age of 50:25 with occlusive peripheral arterial disease, 25 with occlusive cerebrovascular disease, and 25 with myocardial infarction. In seven patients in each of the first two groups but in none of the patients in the third group, heterozygosity for homocystinuria was established on the basis of pathological homocysteinemia after methionine loading and cystathionine synthase deficiency in skin fibroblast cultures. Because the frequency of heterozygosity for homocystinuria in the normal population is 1 in 70 at the most, we conclude that this condition predisposes to the development of premature occlusive arterial disease, causing intermittent claudication, renovascular hypertension, and ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
Patient Attitudes and Issues in Colon Cancer Screening
Authors: Dayna S. Early, Darrell M. Gray
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in the United States, and is largely preventable by CRC screening (CRCS). Participation in CRCS, however, is much lower than participation in other forms of preventive care. Many reasons for low rates of participation have been identified, and can be generally divided into provider- and patient-specific issues. Lack of a provider recommendation is a well-established and widely reported patient barrier to CRCS. Numerous patient-specific issues have been identified, ranging from fear of CRCS test results to lack of knowledge about individual risk for CRC and inadequate resources to complete CRCS. This article discusses the impact of patient attitudes and issues toward CRCS, with particular attention to modifiable psychosocial factors, the importance of patient preferences for one CRCS test over another, knowledge of CRC risk, and the impact of educational tools on patient compliance with CRCS.
PU.1/Pip and Basic Helix Loop Helix Zipper Transcription Factors Interact With Binding Sites in the CD20 Promoter to Help Confer Lineage- and Stage-Specific Expression of CD20 in B Lymphocytes
Authors: Andreas Himmelmann, Agostino Riva, Gaye Lynn Wilson, Brian P. Lucas, Claire Thevenin, John H. Kehrl
Journal: Blood (1997)
P93 The practicalities of using allergen-impermeable bed covers in children with mite allergic asthma
Authors: H Sumner, H Begum, A Simpson, A Custovic, CS Murray
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Objective</h3> As part of a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study in children with mite-allergic asthma, mite-impermeable bedding encasings were evaluated in terms of reduction in allergen exposure and patient/parent acceptability. <h3>Methods</h3> Physician diagnosed asthmatic children (3–17 years) were recruited following an exacerbation of asthma. Mite-sensitised children were randomised to either mite-impermeable encasings for the mattress, pillow and duvet (Astex Pristine; ACP solutions, Gloucestershire, UK) or placebo encasings (100% polycotton; Musbury fabrics, Rossendale, UK), in a double-blind manner. Vacuumed dust samples were collected from the child’s mattress prior to fitting the encasings and at 12 months, stored at -20°C, then analysed for mite allergen content (Der p1) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Indoor Biotechnologies, Cardiff, UK). Questions aimed at assessing the practicalities of using the encasements were asked of parents by an interviewer blind to their allocation, 8–12 months later. <h3>Results</h3> 284 children (mean age 7.7 years; 65.8% male) were randomised (146 active; 136 placebo). There was an 84% decrease in Der p 1 levels in child’s mattress in those using the mite-impermeable encasings, which was not seen in the Placebo group (p &lt; 0.001). Data on ‘use of bedding encasements’ were obtained from 232 participants. Significantly more families in the active group reported that the duvet slipped within its cover, compared to the placebo group (32.2% vs 5.3% respectively, p &lt; 0.001) and that it was “noisy” (14.4% active vs 0.9% in placebo, p &lt; 0.001). Some reported the extra covers made them too warm (3.4% active vs 1.8% placebo, p = 0.64). Overall 31(26.3%) using the mite-impermeable encasings rated them as “uncomfortable” compared with 2(1.8%) in the placebo group (p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, 30(25.4%) children in the mite-impermeable group said they would prefer to have the encasings removed, compared to 3(2.6%) in the placebo group (p &lt; 0.001). There was no difference in the numbers of families who stated that they would continue to use the encasings if it were of benefit to the child, (87.3% mite-impermeable vs 89.35% placebo p = 0.68) <h3>Conclusions</h3> Mite-impermeable encasings can significantly reduce mite allergen levels in the bed. Despite some practical issues, most families are willing to use this intervention if it is of benefit to their child’s asthma.
Relationship of Industry Sponsorship to Results of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of Drugs Used in Breast Cancer Treatment—Reply
Authors: Charles L. Bennett, Jordan D. Lane
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Crohn's Disease and Sarcoidosis
Authors: Sumner C. Kraft
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

The etiology of Crohn's disease has eluded investigators since its modern description 40 years ago, but recently there has been renewed interest in a possible pathogenetic link to sarcoidosis. Histologically, both diseases may show noncaseating epithelioid cell granulomas with Langhans-type giant cells, and shared clinical features may include uveitis, erythema nodosum, arthritis and a favorable response to corticosteroid therapy. Yet it is widely accepted that the two are clinically and anatomically distinct syndromes and that symptomatic intestinal sarcoidosis does not occur. Furthermore, early reports described grossly negative Kveim tests in patients with Crohn's disease. What, then, has occurred to refocus . . .
Safety of Withholding Heparin in Pregnant Women with a History of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Patrick Brill-Edwards, Jeffrey S. Ginsberg, Michael Gent, Jack Hirsh, Robert Burrows, Clive Kearon, William Geerts, Michael Kovacs, Jeffrey I. Weitz, K. Susan Robinson, Renaud Whittom, Ghislaine Couture
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Women with a history of venous thromboembolism may be at increased risk for venous thromboembolic events during pregnancy. In these women, the decision to give or withhold heparin in the antepartum period is controversial, because accurate estimates of the frequency of recurrent thromboembolic events if antepartum heparin is withheld are not available.
Recurrent Thiocyanate Intoxication, with Pancytopenia, Hypothyroidism and Psychosis
Authors: Lawrence A. Frohman, Francis J. Klocke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THIOCYANATE has occupied a significant role in the treatment of hypertension in this century.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Toxicity was a difficult problem until Barker2 developed a suitable method for determining serum levels. Although now replaced by less toxic agents, the drug is still used occasionally, as in the case reported below. Studies carried out before the diagnosis was established emphasize the hematologic, thyroidal and neurologic abnormalities that can develop. The hematologic abnormalities have not been extensively studied in man and are discussed in the light of recent experimental findings.Case ReportB.W. (G.N.H.C.H. (15–62–14). a 62-year-old woman, was hospitalized 3 times . . .
Observations on the Glitter-Cell Phenomenon
Authors: L. B. Berman, G. E. Schreiner, J. O. Feys
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE "glitter cell," a polymorphonuclear leukocyte whose granules show brownian movement, was first described in 1908.1 As early as 1909 the presence of these cells in urinary sediments was considered evidence of pyelonephritis and against cystitis.2 In the following years there were occasional descriptions of cells with granular motility in blood and sputum, but it was not until 1949 that the glitter cell, or granular-motility cell, was reintroduced to clinical medicine by Sternheimer and Malbin.3 These investigators described a supravital stain, compounded of gentian violet and safranine, that facilitated recognition of such cells and of other formed elements in urine. . . .
Crystalline Pancreatic Desoxyribonuclease as an Adjunct to the Treatment of Pneumococcal Meningitis
Authors: Alan J. Johnson, John H. Ayvazian, William S. Tillett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

ALTHOUGH the pneumococcus is sensitive to many antibiotics, the mortality from pneumococcal meningitis has remained extraordinarily high. Mortality figures on more than 800 cases, in patients of all ages from 14 clinics, ranged from 8 per cent to 68 per cent and averaged 28 per cent.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 All these cases were "adequately treated" intravenously and intramuscularly with large doses of penicillin, together with sulfonamides.This high mortality has been attributed, in the acute phase, to cerebral edema with brain-stem compression, pressure from the inflammatory exudate (generalized, or due to cerebrospinal block) and systemic effects of the septicemia. During the subacute phase . . .
Effects of Fat and Carbohydrate Ingestion in Human Beings on Serum Lipids and Intracellular Lipid Deposition in Tissue Culture
Authors: David D. Rutstein, William P. Castelli, Julia C. Sullivan, John M. Newell, Rita J. Nickerson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

OUR investigation of the etiology of human atherosclerosis is based on the hypothesis that lipids in the serum are in equilibrium with the cells in the adjacent arterial tissue, that deposition in the latter is dependent upon the amount, quality and state of circulating lipid, and the metabolic state of and the degree to which lipid serves as a source of energy for the cells and that human atherosclerosis is an expression of a disturbance in the equilibrium such that lipids are deposited or synthesized and retained by arterial tissue with the production of permanent lesions in the form of . . .
Brain Endothelial- and Epithelial-Specific Interferon Receptor Chain 1 Drives Virus-Induced Sickness Behavior and Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Thomas Blank, Claudia N. Detje, Alena Spieß, Nora Hagemeyer, Stefanie M. Brendecke, Jakob Wolfart, Ori Staszewski, Tanja Zöller, Ismini Papageorgiou, Justus Schneider, Ricardo Paricio-Montesinos, Ulrich L.M. Eisel, Denise Manahan-Vaughan, Stephan Jansen, Stefan Lienenklaus, Bao Lu, Yumiko Imai, Marcus Müller, Susan E. Goelz, Darren P. Baker, Markus Schwaninger, Oliver Kann, Mathias Heikenwalder, Ulrich Kalinke, Marco Prinz
Journal: Immunity (2016)
Pituitary Carcinoma as a Cause of Acromegaly
Authors: Carel W. le Roux, Abeda Mulla, Karim Meeran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery versus Stenting for Multivessel DiseaseTo the Editor: In a trial comparing coronary-artery bypass surgery with stenting for the treatment of multivessel coronary disease, Serruys et al. (April 12 issue) 1 conclude that both treatments offer protection against death, stroke, and myocardial infarction.We disagree.Whether there is "protection" can be determined only through comparison with a group of patients who are assigned to medical therapy alone.To date, no clinical trial comparing angioplasty with medical therapy for angina has demonstrated a protective effect of angioplasty in multivessel disease. 2,3Indeed, in the second Randomised Intervention Treatment of Angina (RITA-2) trial, 3 patients who underwent angioplasty had a significant 91 percent increase (a 3 percent absolute difference) in the rate of death or myocardial infarction during a median of 2.7 years of follow-up.The early randomized, controlled trials comparing coronary surgery with medical treatment also failed to show an improvement in prognosis among patients without stenosis of the left main coronary artery and with good left ventricular function. 4 Neither of these treatment options has been shown to offer protection against myocardial infarction or stroke.These results can be explained by the fact that risk of plaque rupture is determined not by the patency of the vessel but by the stability of the atheromatous plaque: most episodes of acute coronary occlusion occur in vessels with stenoses that are not flow-limiting (those resulting in a reduction of less than 70 percent in the luminal diameter). 5These two treatments are palliative, and to portray them as protective is misleading.
Combination of endoscopic mucosal resection and chemoradiotherapy as a nonsurgical treatments for patients with clinical stage I esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: K. Minashi, A. Ohtsu, K. Mera, M. Muto, T. Yano, M. Tahara, T. Doi, M. Nishimura, K. Nihei
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

4529 Background: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) has become the standard treatment for mucosal cancer. For the other clinical stage I esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), radical surgery is standard and chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is optional but has high locoreginoal failure. If EMR and CRT are combined efficiently, these may improve outcomes with less invasion. A retrospective analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of these combined nonsurgical modalities. Methods: Recruitment criteria were histologically proven SCC, clinically estimated as stage I except for the candidates of the standard EMR, age ≤ 75, PS ≤ 2, no prior therapy, no serious complication and no other active malignancy. Primary EMR was indicated if a tumor was within the focal submucosal (SM) invasion and a width of less than two-thirds of its circumference. EMR was followed by prophylactic CRT (5-FU + cisplatin + RT; 40Gy) for latent node metastasis when SM invasion was present pathologically. The remaining patients (pts) underwent primary CRT (5-FU + cisplatin + RT; 60Gy); salvage EMR was indicated for local residual, recurrent, or metachronous tumors. Results: Between Jan. 1996 and Apr. 2004, 86 pts fulfilled the criteria; median age 60 years (46–75), male/female; 74/12. Forty-one received primary EMR and 45 received primary CRT. Pathological diagnoses of primary EMR revealed eight mucosal cancers of the epithelium and lamina propria, 19 of the musclaris mucosae (MM), and 14 SM cancers. Eleven pts with SM cancers subsequently underwent prophylactic CRT, one with SM cancer underwent surgery, and the remaining 29 pts with mucosal and MM cancers received no additional treatment. Of the 45 CRT pts, 11 (24%) received salvage EMR. Three (3%) (one primary EMR pt and two primary CRT pts) underwent salvage surgery. With a median follow-up of 4.2 years, the 4-year overall survival of all, primary EMR, and primary CRT pts was 76%, 78%, and 72%, respectively; the disease-specific survival was 86%, 91%, and 81%, respectively. Conclusion: The survival of combination treatment with EMR and CRT for clinical stage I ESCC was comparable with that of surgery in Japan. EMR and/or CRT may be highly effective, minimally invasive treatments for stage I ESCC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A Prospective Study of Recurrent Febrile Seizures
Authors: Anne T. Berg, Shilomo Shinnar, W. Allen Hauser, Marta Alemany, Eugene D. Shapiro, Morton E. Salomon, Ellen F. Crain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Febrile seizures occur in about 2 to 4 percent of all children, approximately one third of whom will have recurrent febrile seizures. Little is known about predictors of recurrence.In this prospective study, we identified 347 children (1 month to 10 years of age) who presented with a first febrile seizure at one of four pediatric emergency departments. Information about these children was collected from medical records and interviews with the parents, and the children were followed for a median of 20 months to ascertain whether febrile seizures recurred.Recurrent febrile seizures occurred in 94 of the 347 children (27 percent) with a cumulative risk of 25 percent at one year and 30 percent at two years. The duration of fever before the initial seizure was associated with the risk of recurrence at one year: for fever lasting less than 1 hour, the risk of recurrence was 44 percent; for fever lasting 1 to 24 hours, 23 percent; and for fever lasting more than 24 hours, 13 percent (P less than 0.001). With each degree of increase in temperature (in degrees Fahrenheit), from 101 degrees F (38.3 degrees C) to greater than or equal to 105 degrees F (40.6 degrees C), the risk of recurrence at one year declined, from 35 percent to 30, 26, 20, and 13 percent (P for trend = 0.024). An age of less than 18 months and a family history of febrile seizures were also associated with an increased risk of recurrence. A family history of epilepsy, complex febrile seizures, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities did not increase the risk of recurrent febrile seizures.A shorter duration of fever before the initial febrile seizure and a lower temperature are associated with an increased risk of recurrence in children who have febrile seizures.