tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Successful in Utero Treatment of Fetal Goiter and Hypothyroidism
Authors: Kim M. Davidson, Douglas S. Richards, Desmond A. Schatz, Delbert A. Fisher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

A LARGE goiter in a fetus is a rare yet potentially dangerous condition. A large goiter may cause hyperextension of the neck of the fetus, resulting in malpresentation and complicating labor and delivery.1 In the neonate, the goiter can obstruct the trachea and thus cause asphyxia and death.2 , 3 In this case report, we describe the diagnosis of a large goiter in a fetus, the use of percutaneous umbilical-blood sampling to establish the diagnosis of fetal hypothyroidism, and the successful treatment of the goiter and hypothyroidism by the injection of thyroxine into the amniotic fluid. Case Report A 30-year-old woman with . . .
Abstract 1013: Understanding the molecular pathways underlying radio-sensitization of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by vitamin D (EB1089)
Authors: Khushboo Sharma, Theresa Thekkudan, David Gewirtz, Hisashi Harada, Frank Torti, Suzy Torti
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Ionization radiation (IR) is an integral component of lung cancer treatment. However, disease recurrence represents a significant barrier to effective therapy. One explanation for the difficulties associated with treatment of NSCLC could be the promotion of autophagy, a cytoprotective signaling pathway that controls the degradation and recycling of cellular components. Cytoprotective autophagy may be one of the primary causes for the development of resistance to standard therapies. In recently published studies (Sharma et al, Autophagy), we showed that the vitamin D analog, EB 1089, leads to conversion of the cytoprotective autophagy induced by radiation alone to a novel ‘cytostatic’ form of autophagy. While pharmacological and genetic inhibition of autophagy increased sensitivity to radiation, interference with autophagy reversed the radio-sensitization by EB 1089 (or Vitamin D3) in H460 and A549 NSCLC cells. These studies demonstrated a switch between the cytoprotective and cytostatic roles of autophagy in response to radiation alone and the combination of EB 1089 (or Vitamin D3) and radiation. AMPK, an energy sensor, has been shown to be involved in regulating autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR pathway. We observed an increase in phosphorylated AMPK (and ULK-1, which is downstream of AMPK) with the combination treatment of IR and EB 1089. Both pharmacological and genetic inhibition of AMPK, reverted the radio-sensitization effects of EB 1089, implicating AMPK in radio-sensitization. Studies conducted with NSCLC cell lines both wt and mutant or null in p53 indicated that functional p53 was required to radio-sensitize tumor cells with the combination treatment. p53 appears to promote AMPK upregulation via sestrin. Finally, studies to determine the potential involvement of NF-kB in radiation sensitization showed degradation of IKB-α in response to IR alone that was suppressed by EB 1089, indicating NF-kB's involvement in the initiation of cytoprotective autophagy by radiation Overall, these studies suggest that the use of vitamin D or a vitamin D analogue could increase sensitization to radiation treatment for lung cancer. Citation Format: Khushboo Sharma, Theresa Thekkudan, David Gewirtz, Hisashi Harada, Frank Torti, Suzy Torti. Understanding the molecular pathways underlying radio-sensitization of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by vitamin D (EB1089). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1013. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1013
Lateral Displacement of the Brain and Level of Consciousness in Patients with an Acute Hemispheral Mass
Authors: Allan H. Ropper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Brain-tissue shifts associated with drowsiness, stupor, and coma were studied by clinical examination and CT scanning in 24 patients with acute unilateral cerebral masses. Studies were performed soon after the appearance of the mass to detect the earliest CT changes associated with depression of consciousness. Contrary to traditional concepts, early depression of the level of alertness corresponded to distortion of the brain by horizontal displacement rather than transtentorial herniation with brain-stem compression. Horizontal displacement of the pineal body of 0 to 3 mm from the midline was associated with alertness, 3 to 4 mm with drowsiness, 6 to 8.5 mm with stupor, and 8 to 13 mm with coma. Moreover, drowsy or stuporous patients and some comatose patients had widened cisterns between the tentorial edge and the midbrain on the side of the mass, suggesting that the space was not filled by herniated medial temporal lobe. Downward displacement of the pineal body, indicating central transtentorial herniation, did not occur. Compression of one hemisphere by the other anteriorly (transfalcial herniation) was inconsistently related to alertness, though very large anterior displacements may have caused stupor in some patients. Current concepts of the pathoanatomical nature of depressed consciousness, based on pathological material obtained well after clinical examinations, may require revision, because they do not reflect early brain-tissue distortions. (N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 953–8.)
Reversibility of the “Salt-Losing” Tendency of Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Gabriel M. Danovitch, Jacques Bourgoignie, Neal S. Bricker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

We examined the salt-losing tendency of chronic renal failure in five patients with glomerular filtration rates varying from 5.2 to 16.0 ml per minute. When the studies began, patients were in sodium balance on metabolic diets containing 58 to 342 meq of sodium daily. The sodium content of the diet was then reduced in stages at intervals of at least one week over four to 14 weeks with careful clinical and laboratory monitoring. In four of the patients a salt-losing tendency developed, temporarily requiring intravenous salt replacement in two. At the completion of the studies all the patients remained in sodium balance while ingesting a mean (+/- S.D.) of 5.0 +/- 2.9 meq of sodium per day. There was no change in renal function. Thus, the salt-losing tendency of chronic renal failure is reversible and appears to be a manifestation of the long-term adaptation for sodium excretion.
Advanced rectal carcinoma caused by tumor cell implantation after curative endoscopic submucosal dissection of an intramucosal rectal carcinoma
Authors: Hakuei Shinhata, Hironori Yamamoto, Keijiro Sunada, Yuji Ino, Yoshikazu Hayashi, Hiroyuki Sato, Yoshimasa Miura, Hirotsugu Sakamoto, Aya Kitamura, Takahito Takezawa, Tomonori Yano, Takashi Sakatani, Kentaro Sugano
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

A 62-year-old man was referred for treatment of a large granular-type laterally spreading tumor in the distal rectum ([Fig. 1 a]). We diagnosed the tumor as being an intramucosal carcinoma using magnifying endoscopy. En bloc resection was performed by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) ([Fig. 1 b] and [Fig. 2]).
Attenuation of graft-versus-host disease and graft rejection by ex vivo immunotoxin elimination of alloreactive T cells in an H-2 haplotype disparate mouse combination
Authors: M Cavazzana-Calvo, JL Stephan, S Sarnacki, S Chevret, C Fromont, C de Coene, F Le Deist, D Guy-Grand, A Fischer
Journal: Blood (1994)
A Randomized Trial of Clarithromycin as Prophylaxis against Disseminated<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>Complex Infection in Patients with Advanced Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Mark Pierce, Sheri Crampton, David Henry, Leonid Heifets, Anthony LaMarca, Marisa Montecalvo, Gary P. Wormser, Helmut Jablonowski, Joseph Jemsek, Michael Cynamon, Bienvenido G. Yangco, Gerard Notario, J Carl Craft
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Disseminated infection with Mycobacterium avium complex is the most common opportunistic infection in patients with advanced stages of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We studied the efficacy and safety of prophylactic treatment with clarithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic.
Case 40-2013
Authors: Theodore I. Benzer, Shamim H. Nejad, James G. Flood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

A 36-year-old man was seen in the emergency department because of severe agitation and paranoia. He had reportedly been taking psychoactive "bath salts" intranasally and consuming alcohol. He was restrained by security officers. A diagnostic test was performed.
Abstract 1302: High complexity flow cytometry panels to monitor target expression, T-cell activation and suppresssion by novel immunotherapies in hematomalignancy clinical trials
Authors: Ghanashyam Sarikonda, Devika Ashok, Anil Pahuja, Jelveh Lameh, Shabnam Tangri, Naveen Dakappagari
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The renaissance of cancer immunotherapies and the positive clinical responses observed with chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells in the hematomalignancy setting has stimulated substantial interest in monitoring immune cell activation and suppression to determine efficacy, prognosis and safety in new agent investigational trials. However, immunophenotyping capacity has been limited and required multi-test tube panels. To address the growing needs of clinical trials, we have developed three fit-for-purpose high complexity (10 or more markers) T-cell phenotyping flow cytometry panels on a qualified LSR FortessaTM platform that enables detection of up to 15 markers in a single test tube. The first panel allows identification of multiple phenotypes along the T-cell differentiation pathway, namely, T-naive (TN), T-stem cell memory (TSCM), T-effector memory (TEM) and T-central memory (TCM) and T-effector memory RA+ (TEMRA). The second panel identifies the most common helper T-cell phenotypes such as Th1, Th2, Treg, and Th17. A third panel determines the functional status of T-cells (e.g., activation vs. suppression) but also enables quantitation of important checkpoint inhibitor expression (e.g., PD-1) on T-cells of interest. These high complexity flow cytometry panels can serve as powerful tools for comprehensive examination of T-cells in a small volume of patient specimen. We believe these new flow cytometry panels will have a substantial impact on the determination of efficacy and safety correlates of immunomodulating agents administered alone or in combination to patients with leukemia. Citation Format: Ghanashyam Sarikonda, Devika Ashok, Anil Pahuja, Jelveh Lameh, Shabnam Tangri, Naveen Dakappagari. High complexity flow cytometry panels to monitor target expression, T-cell activation and suppresssion by novel immunotherapies in hematomalignancy clinical trials. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1302. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1302
Hepatitis C Infection in Patients with Primary Hypogammaglobulinemia after Treatment with Contaminated Immune Globulin
Authors: Kristian Bjoro, Stig S. Froland, Zhibing Yun, Helvi H. Samdal, Terese Haaland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

In Scandinavia many patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia contracted non-A, non-B hepatitis after intravenous treatment with an immune globulin product that was later found to contain a non-A, non-B hepatitis virus.
Neuroleptic dosage for Asians
Authors: K M Lin, E Finder
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

490 Am J Psychiatry 140:4, April 1983 therapeutically administered diazepam. Arch Gen Psychiatry 35:995-998, 1978 8. Divoll M, Greenblatt DJ, Harmatz JS, et al: Effect of age and gender on disposition of temazepam. J Pharm Sci 70:11041107, 1981 9. Kales A, Bixler EO, Tan TL, et al: Chronic hypnotic use: ineffectiveness, drug-withdrawal insomnia and dependence. JAMA 227:513-517, 1974 10. Kales A, Soldatos CR, Bixler EO, et al: Rebound insomnia and rebound anxiety: a review. J Pharmacol 26:121-137, 1983
Efficacy, durability, and response predictors of low-dose interleukin-2 therapy for chronic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: John Koreth, Haesook T. Kim, Kyle T. Jones, Paulina B. Lange, Carol G. Reynolds, Marie J. Chammas, Katherine Dusenbury, Jennifer Whangbo, Sarah Nikiforow, Edwin P. Alyea, Philippe Armand, Corey S. Cutler, Vincent T. Ho, Yi-Bin Chen, David Avigan, Bruce R. Blazar, Joseph H. Antin, Jerome Ritz, Robert J. Soiffer
Journal: Blood (2016)
Bench test of an O2/CO2 sensor based MBW system using a lung model
Authors: Florian Singer, Chiara Abbas, Emilia Wiklund, Paul Robinson, Philipp Latzin, Per Gustafsson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Lung volume assessment using tracer gas multiple breath washout (MBW) systems needs validation under realistic conditions. We used a lung model allowing for different tidal volumes (TVs), functional residual capacities (FRCs), and respiratory rates (RRs) under BTPS conditions. We tested a nitrogen (N 2 ) MBW prototype (Exhalyzer D; Eco Medics) based on an ultrasonic flowmeter, a main-stream CO 2 , and a side-stream O 2  sensor.  Linearity of O 2  and CO 2  sensors was assessed after two point calibration using a mass spectrometer (AMIS 2000; Innovision). For FRC measurements, a double chamber plexiglas lung model was filled with water, heated, and mechanically ventilated at various ranges of FRCs (900 to 4000 mL), TVs (250 to 850 mL), and RRs (30 to 15/min). N 2  MBW tests (n = 71) using 100% O 2  were done on three days. Using custom designed software (TestPoint) we synchronized gas to flow signals to preset and manually optimized settings, and calculated FRC as cumulative expired N 2  volume divided by the difference of MBW start minus end N 2  concentration.  O 2  and CO 2  sensors were linear (linear regression r 2  was 0.99 for both). Using preset synchronization settings, mean difference of lung model minus measured FRCs was -7.4 mL (-0.04% of mean FRC), limits of agreement ranged from 160.4 mL to -175.2 mL (5.8% to -5.9% of mean FRC). After optimized synchronization, mean difference of FRCs was -7.7 mL (-0.25% of mean FRC), limits of agreement ranged from 50.8 mL to -66.2 mL (1.8% to -2.3% of mean FRC).  This lung model seems suitable for validation of MBW systems. The new N 2  MBW system precisely measures in vitro FRCs under realistic conditions. Careful synchronization of signals is crucial for accurate FRC measurements.
Amyloidosis Due to a Mutation of the Gelsolin Gene in an American Family with Lattice Corneal Dystrophy Type II
Authors: Peter D. Gorevic, Priscilla C. Munoz, Gina Gorgone, John J. Purcell, Merlyn Rodrigues, Jorge Ghiso, Effrat Levy, Matti Haltia, Blas Frangione
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

AMYLOID is a homogeneous, largely extracellular, proteinaceous material with a fibrillar ultrastructure and the property of green birefringence when stained with Congo red and viewed by polarizatio...
PTU-067 How are postoperative crohn’s patients followed up? a retrospective analysis from a tertiary referral centre
Authors: A O’connor, J Taylor, L Roberts, N Scott, N Carey, AC Ford, PJ Hamlin
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Follow-up of patients resected for ileal Crohn’s disease have shown that, in the absence of treatment, the post-operative recurrence rate is 70–90% within one year of the operation and 83–100% within 3 years. Prophylactic medication and disease monitoring has been proven to decrease the rate of clinical and endoscopic recurrence. <h3>Method</h3> We performed a retrospective analysis by interrogating the pathology database over a five year period from 2009 to 2013 to identify cases and data was extracted by chart review and review of radiology and endoscopy databases to see how post-operative CD patients were being followed up. <h3>Results</h3> Median follow-up period was 32 months (range 7 to 69). 55.9% of patients received followup with a gastroenterologist within three months and 78.9% are seen within 6 months. 7.9% did not see a medical gastroenterologist within 1 year of surgery. 2.63% were followed up long-term in the surgical clinic alone. 22.4% of patients had no endoscopic or radiologic evaluation of their disease ordered over the course of followup. 2.0% had investigations ordered that they repeatedly failed to attend. 65.8% of patients had imaging with 50% of all patients having an MRI. 42.8% of patients had colonoscopies. 33.6% of patients had both cross-sectional imaging and a colonoscopy. The mean duration to first cross-sectional abdominal post-operative imaging or lower GI endoscopy was 58 weeks with a median of 42 weeks (range 6 to 258). The first evaluation was symptom driven in 66.0% of cases and planned for routine disease staging 30.5% of the time. When investigation was symptom-driven the median interval post-op was 37 weeks compared to 48 weeks for planned followup. There was no influence for age or gender on how likely a patient was to receive follow-up, either planned or symptom driven. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The proportion of patients returning to medical gastroenterology clinics in a timely manner after intestinal resection is suboptimal. Even among those who do return, disease staging is not routinely undertaken and is usually symptom driven within the first year after surgery and may well be clouded by factors such as post-operative pain, stoma function, anaemia and bile salt malabsorption. Post-operative follow-up and disease monitoring pathways could lead to improved care of postoperative CD patients. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Evaluation of a New Antitussive Agent
Authors: Leo J. Cass, Willem S. Frederik
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

DEXTRO-3-methoxy-N-methylmorphinan§ hydrobromide (dextromethorphan hydrobromide) is an experimental drug that has shown cough-inhibiting properties in animals, but the degree of this effect in human beings was not known. Therefore, a study was undertaken to determine the antitussive effect of this substance clinically.The merits of another compound of the morphinan series, racemic-3-hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan hydrobromide, as a potent analgesic agent are well known.1 2 3 4 5 6 After the resolution of the racemate into its optically active isomers by Schnider and Grüssner,7 pharmacologic studies by Randall and Lehmann,8 Fromherz9 and Benson et al.10 showed that the analgesic action of racemorphan resides in its levorotatory component. Similarly, Isbell . . .
Polyoma Virus Dose-Response Studies in Mice. II. Characteristics of Induced Salivary-Gland Tumors<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">3</xref>
Authors: Paul M. Kraemer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

An analysis of salivary-gland tumors induced by various doses of polyoma virus yielded no evidence of a relationship between inciting dose and subsequent tumor characteristics, such as latent period, growth rate, tumor histology, or viral content. Significant correlations were demonstrable, however, between each of these four characteristics and the other three, and, in particular, the latent period seemed to be the best predictive characteristic of these tumors. Early tumors tended to have more rapid growth rates, a more compact histologic appearance, and a greater content of recoverable virus than did tumors with long latent periods. Data from this study also demonstrated a striking size predilection of left-sided salivary-gland tumors. Although as yet unexplained, this finding may afford a clue as to the factors that determine the latent period.
Occult Mediastinal Yolk Sac Tumor Producing α-Fetoprotein Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Meng Liu, Guoqian Chen, Zhanli Fu, Ziao Li, Qian Li
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

Malignant mediastinal yolk sac tumor (YST), especially adult onset, is rare. Herein, we report a case of occult mediastinal YST with α-fetoprotein production revealed by F-FDG PET/CT in a young adult, in which the intense tracer uptake was demonstrated in the anterior mediastinum. This case indicates F-FDG PET/CT may be a useful tool for detecting the occult primaries of YST.
The Forensic Investigation of the Death of Josef Mengele
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

An important report has been published in a highly respected American journal of forensic pathology summarizing the conclusions of an international group of forensic scientists who gathered in São Paulo, Brazil, in June 1985 to help identify a man who had died in a swimming accident some five years earlier.1 The man was buried under the name "Wolfgang Gerhard," but he was believed to be Dr. Josef Mengele, the most hunted remaining war criminal of World War II — the "Angel of Death" of Auschwitz, who was personally responsible for thousands of deaths, many under the guise of scientific biomedical . . .
HER-2/neu overexpression in breast carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study in 1426 patients from Central America and the Caribbean
Authors: R. E. Jimenez, V. Monterroso, F. Brenes, I. Quesada, A. Purcell, J. Arosemena
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

2613 Background: Her-2/neu (H2N) overexpression (ovx) occurs in approximately 30% of breast carcinomas. A standardized immunohistochemistry assay (HercepTest) has been approved by the FDA to determine which patients are eligible for anti-H2N treatment. H2N ovx data from populations outside Europe or North America are largely unknown. Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from 1426 cases of invasive breast carcinoma was analyzed for H2N ovx using the HercepTest (Dako, Carpinteria, CA). Samples were obtained at 18 institutions from Costa Rica (497 cases), Panama (475), the Dominican Republic (143), Cuba (87), El Salvador (84), Guatemala (65), Honduras (46) and Nicaragua (29). Resulting slides were scored as 0, 1+, 2+, or 3+, depending on staining intensity, and according to recommended guidelines. Cases 2+ and 3+ were considered positive for ovx. Participating pathologists filled a standardized form with test results, which were tabulated and analyzed at the central headquarters of the CACHSG in Costa Rica. Results: Mean age of patients was 54.03 ± 13.9 years. Cases included 1287 invasive ductal carcinomas, 94 invasive lobular carcinomas, 18 medullary carcinomas, and 27 metastatic breast carcinomas to lymph nodes or distant sites. Overall, 58% of cases were scored 0, 13.7% 1+, 9.6% 2+, and 18.7% 3+ (overall positivity for ovx 28.3%). There was no significant difference in ovx among the different histologic subtypes, tumors with and without lymph node metastasis, or in pre and postmenopausal women. There were important differences in overall ovx positivity and 2+ scoring among different institutions (range 10.3–63.3% and 0–36.7%, respectively), and among different countries (range 10.3–43.7% and 4.8–18.4%, respectively). Conclusions: H2N ovx occurs in 28.3% of breast carcinomas in the Central American and Caribbean region, similarly to other geographical regions. Significant differences in ovx are observed between countries and institutions, underscoring the need of standardizing criteria in immunohistochemical assays interpretation. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Roche Servicios S.A.