tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Tolbutamide Controversy
Authors: A B Scoville
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
British Institute of Preventive Medicine
Authors: J. Lister
Journal: BMJ (1891)

Clinical isolated of multiply antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphlococcus aureus were divided into three groups by phage typing. The most prevalent type, which is usually cloxacillin resistant, was found to be moderately sensitive to minocycline. Unfortunately the degree of sensitivity is not sufficient to warrant the use of the antibiotic in severe staphlococcal infection.
Subacute food bolus obstruction secondary to a migrated Overstitch suture from a previous esophageal perforation repair
Authors: Baldwin Yeung, Shannon Chan, Philip Chiu
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

The Overstitch device has been used for closure of esophageal perforations [1]. A 40-year-old woman with type I achalasia underwent fluoroscopic pneumatic dilation in September 2015. Her mean lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure was 40 mmHg. She had 100 % esophageal aperistalsis and absence of LES relaxation. Endoscopy showed a tight but traversable esophagogastric junction (EGJ). A 30-mm achalasia balloon was used to perform dilation for 1 minute at 5 PSI followed by 1 minute at 8 PSI.
Abstract 35: Evolution of resistance to glucocorticoid receptor agonists
Authors: Simona Dalin, Boyang Zhao, Michael T. Hemann
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Chemotherapy resistance is a major obstacle to curing cancer patients. Over 90% of metastatic tumors are resistant to chemotherapy, leading to treatment failure. Although glucocorticoid receptor agonists (GRAs) are a very commonly used class of component drugs in front-line combination chemotherapies for hematopoietic cancer, our understanding of its mechanism(s) of action and resistance are very limited. Here using a preclinical murine model of Burkitt's lymphoma, we investigated the mechanism of resistance to the glucocorticoid receptor agonist dexamethasone. Dose responses of dexamethasone on the parental Eμ-myc; Arf-null cell line revealed a consistently small population of persistent survivors, suggesting a pre-existing subpopulation with innate dexamethasone resistance. To further address the evolution and selection of these survivors in the presence of GRAs, we derived resistant cell lines in vitro by treating the parental cell line with dose escalating concentrations of dexamethasone. These resistant cell lines were expectedly cross-resistant to other GRAs. However, loss of expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was not observed – ruling out one possible resistance mechanism. To explore alternative or downstream pathways that may be implicated, we subsequently acquired dose responses against a broad set of targeted kinase inhibitors, and observed modest sensitivity to the HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG. This suggests that the resistance mechanism could be related to HSP90's role of holding ligand-free glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the cytoplasm. We are now re-evolving the parental populations, and deriving clonal populations to confirm this phenotype. A better understanding of how hematopoietic cancer cells evolve resistance to GCAs will lead to improved design of drug combinations for prolonged survival. Citation Format: Simona Dalin, Boyang Zhao, Michael T. Hemann. Evolution of resistance to glucocorticoid receptor agonists. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Integrating Clinical Genomics and Cancer Therapy; Jun 13-16, 2015; Salt Lake City, UT. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(1_Suppl):Abstract nr 35.
A Preventive Approach to Arsenic Toxicity: Testing Folic Acid in Bangladesh
Authors: Carol Potera
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Testing Folic Acid in BangladeshChronic arsenic exposure affects 35 million people in Bangladesh, where arsenic in drinking water runs up to 100 times the World Health Organization's limit of 10 µg/L. 1 Among folate-deficient Bangladeshi residents who drank well water contaminated with arsenic, researchers previously reported that folic acid (FA) supplementation at the recommended daily allowance of 400 µg for
Small-cell lung cancer--whither late intensification?
Authors: R B Livingston
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1986.4.10.1437 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3020180 Small-cell lung cancer--whither late intensification? R B LivingstonxR B LivingstonSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1986.4.10.1437 PDF "Small-cell lung cancer--whither late intensification?." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 4(10), pp. 1437–1438© 1986 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Massachusetts Department of Public Health
Authors: Vlado A. Getting
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

Federal Civil Defense AdministrationOur national civil-defense organization is developed by the Federal Civil Defense Administration directed by former governor of Florida Millard F. Caldwell. Created by an act of Congress in 1950 (Public Law 920), the Federal Civil Defense Administration has assigned the responsibilities for medical and health services to Col. William L. Wilson, M.C., United States Army, Assistant Administrator for Health and Welfare. Under his direction Dr. Norvin C. Kiefer is Chief of the Health Services and Special Weapons Division and as such is responsible for the development of the health policies and procedures of the national civil-defense . . .
Focused cardiac ultrasound screening for rheumatic heart disease by briefly trained health workers: a study of diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Daniel Engelman, Joseph H Kado, Bo Reményi, Samantha M Colquhoun, Jonathan R Carapetis, Susan Donath, Nigel J Wilson, Andrew C Steer
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2016)

BackgroundEchocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) can identify individuals with subclinical disease who could benefit from antibiotic prophylaxis. However, most settings have inadequate resources to implement conventional echocardiography and require a feasible, accurate screening method. We aimed to investigate the accuracy of screening by non-expert operators using focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS).MethodsIn this prospective study of diagnostic accuracy, we recruited schoolchildren aged 5 to 15 years in Fiji to undergo two blinded tests. The index test was a FoCUS assessment of mitral and aortic regurgitation, performed by nurses after an 8-week training programme. The reference standard was the diagnosis of RHD by a paediatric cardiologist, based on a standard echocardiogram performed by a skilled echocardiographer. The primary outcome was the accuracy of the index test with use of the most sensitive criteria (any regurgitation).FindingsWe included 2004 children in the study. The index tests were done between September, 2012, and September, 2013, by seven nurses in eight schools in Fiji. The diagnostic accuracy of the screening test (area under receiver operator characteristic curve) was 0·89 (95% CI 0·83–0·94). When the primary cut-off point (any regurgitation) was used for analysis, sensitivity was 84·2% (72·1–92·5) and specificity was 85·6% (83·9–87·1). The sensitivity of individual nurses ranged from 66·7% to 100% and specificity 74·0% to 93·7%.InterpretationScreening by briefly trained nurses using FoCUS was accurate for the diagnosis of RHD. Refinements to training and screening test methods should be studied in a range of settings, and in parallel with investigations of the long-term clinical and cost-effectiveness of screening for RHD.FundingCure Kids, New Zealand; the Fiji Water Foundation provided funding for portable ultrasound equipment; see acknowledgments for further details of funders.
Experience with the Sukhtian–Hughes External Fixation System
Authors: Charles Court-Brown, Sean P F Hughes
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1982)

External fixation of fractures is now used frequently in orthopaedics. This paper reviews the results of 30 fractures treated by a single bar system, the Sukhtian-Hughes, over a period of 4 years. The results are encouraging, particularly in compound tibial fractures and in patients with non-union of fractures.
Patterns of local recurrence, regional nodal and distant metastasis, and survival after globe preserving surgery for conjunctival and eyelid melanomas
Authors: B. Esmaeli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

9052 Background: Local recurrence, regional nodal, and distant metastasis, and survival were studied after globe preserving surgery for conjunctival and eyelid melanomas in a recent cohort treated at a single tertiary cancer center. Methods: Ophthalmology Section database was searched for patients treated between June 2003 and June 2007 for a diagnosis of conjunctival or eyelid melanoma. Results: Reliable data were available for 58 of 64 patients. 22 patients had melanomas limited to the bulbar conjunctiva, 9 had melanomas limited to the palpebral conjunctiva and eyelid margin, 11 had melanomas that involved both the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva and eyelid margin, and 16 had melanomas of the eyelid skin without involvement of the eyelid margin. 45 had primary and 13 had recurrent disease at presentation. 32 women and 26 men ranged in age from 15 to 88 yrs (median, 63 yrs). There were 53 whites, 2 hispanics, 2 blacks, and 1 Asian. The Breslow thickness was available for 44 patients and ranged from 0.12 to 12 mm (median, 1.56 mm); 9 patients had melanoma- in-situ (PAM with atypia for bulbar conjunctival melanomas); in 5 patients the Breslow thickness could not be determined due to tangential cutting of specimens. Ulceration was present in 11 patients. 57 of 58 patients had globe-preserving surgery initially with reconstruction of the ocular surface and eyelid. 7 patients had adjuvant post-op topical chemotherapy; 12 had adjuvant post-op radiotherapy. 8 patients (14%) experienced local recurrence; 1 had orbital exenteration due to conjunctival recurrence and non-compliant behavior. 9 (16%) patients experienced regional nodal metastasis. 8 (14%) patients had distant organ metastasis. The follow-up time ranged from 7 months to 13 yrs (median, 25 months). At last contact, 51 patients were free of disease, and 7(12%) had died of disease. The local/regional control rates and the survival rate in this cohort compare favorably with previously reported rates. Conclusions: Globe-preserving surgery for conjunctival and eyelid melanoma is associated with a high-rate of local/regional control and may be in part due to careful surveillance and judicious use of adjuvant topical chemotherapy or radiotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Community Medicine: A Concept in Search of Definition
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P6-13-12: Comparative similarity of ABP 980 and trastuzumab: Results of functional similarity and human pharmacokinetic assessment
Authors: V Hanes, T Born, V Chow, N Zhang, M Howard, A Schulz, R Markus
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: ABP 980 is being developed as a biosimilar to trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), resulting in proliferation inhibition (PI) and induction of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Biosimilar mAbs are likely to have minor differences with the reference product due to variances in expression systems, bioprocess, and purification; demonstration of analytical, pharmacologic, and pharmacokinetic (PK) similarity is the foundation for biosimilarity. Functional (PI, ADCC, and tumor xenograft models) and PK similarity between ABP 980 and EU-authorized trastuzumab reference product has been previously evaluated. Objective: To demonstrate functional and PK similarity between ABP 980 and FDA-licensed trastuzumab reference product. Methods: Potency of ABP 980 and FDA-licensed trastuzumab was compared by measuring PI and recombinant HER2 (rHER2) binding affinity. PI activity was evaluated using BT-474 cells. Surface plasmon resonance analysis was used to determine the equilibrium binding affinity (Kd) to rHER2. PK similarity was evaluated in a randomized, single-blind, single-dose, parallel-group study in healthy adult men. Primary endpoints were area under the serum concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUCinf) and maximum observed serum concentration (Cmax). Secondary endpoints were safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity. Results: ABP 980 displayed PI and rHER2 binding activities comparable to trastuzumab. The range of relative potency by PI was 82%–114% for ABP 980 and 91%–116% for trastuzumab. The Kd ranged from 75–79 pM for ABP 980 and 67–80 pM for trastuzumab. PK similarity was demonstrated for the comparison of ABP 980 with trastuzumab. The geometric mean (GM) ratios for Cmax and AUCinf were 1.04 (90% CI, 0.995–1.079) and 1.06 (90% CI, 0.997–1.117). Both CIs fell within the standard prespecified bioequivalence criteria of 0.80–1.25. After 6 mg/kg intravenous infusion, the GM of Cmax and AUCinf were 135.90 µg/mL and 34061.43µg·h/mL for ABP 980 and 131.19µg/mL and 32271.67µg·h/mL for trastuzumab. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was comparable between treatment groups. TEAEs occurred in 84% subjects receiving ABP 980 and 75% of subjects receiving trastuzumab; no anti-drug antibodies were detected. Conclusions: ABP 980 has been shown to be similar to FDA-licensed trastuzumab in functional tests and binding affinity to antigen, as well as in a phase 1 human PK study. Citation Format: Hanes V, Born T, Chow V, Zhang N, Howard M, Schulz A, Markus R. Comparative similarity of ABP 980 and trastuzumab: Results of functional similarity and human pharmacokinetic assessment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-13-12.
A Clinical Study of Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Sunil Shrestha, Anand Rao
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract A19: A novel MECP2 acetylation site regulates binding with ATRX and HDAC1
Authors: Somnath Pandey, Glenn E. Simmons, Svitlana Malyarchuk, Tara N. Calhoun, Kevin Pruitt
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Tumorigenesis stems from errors incorporated in the genetic code and impaired epigenetic mechanisms involved in tumor suppression. Mutation in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is known to cause a neurological disorder, rett syndrome (RTT), however its role in tumorigenesis remains poorly understood. We wanted to characterize how novel post-translational modifications might contribute to its function. MeCP2 regulates gene expression by recruiting co-repressors and histone deacetylases (such as HDAC1) to methylated gene promoters. MeCP2 modulates heterochromatin association by interacting with heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1). It was shown that MeCP2 interacts with and recruits ATRX, a SWI2/SNF2 DNA helicase/ATPase, to regulate gene expression at a subset of imprinted domains. A recent study showed that overexpression of Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) deacetylase leads to reduced levels of acetylation of ectopically expressed MeCP2. Using mass spectrometry, we report that upon pharmacological inhibition of SIRT1 in colon and breast cancer cell lines, endogenous MeCP2 is acetylated at key sites known to be critical for binding to DNA and transcriptional regulators. We mapped several novel acetylated sites and then created an acetylation mimetic mutation in MeCP2 (K171Q) and found that this mutant shows decreased binding to HDAC1 and ATRX in RKO cells. Similar results were obtained when SIRT1 was pharmacologically inhibited. Herein we show that conditions that induce MeCP2 acetylation in RKO cells do not alter its promoter occupancy at a subset of target genes analyzed but do cause a decreased binding to co-repressors such as HDAC1 and ATRX and also alters ATRX binding at a specific gene promoter. We also demonstrate that RKO cells over-expressing our acetylation mimetic mutant show reduced proliferation as compared to those over-expressing MeCP2-wild type (WT). Citation Format: Somnath Pandey, Glenn E. Simmons Jr., Svitlana Malyarchuk, Tara N. Calhoun, Kevin Pruitt. A novel MECP2 acetylation site regulates binding with ATRX and HDAC1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Sep 24-27, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A19.
Book: The Benefits and Hazards of Exercise
Authors: A Pasternak
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Ed Domhnall MacAuley


BMJ Books, £35, pp 394 




ISBN 0 7279 1412 X

———————

Rating: ★★★★

Many patients approach their general practitioner confused about exercise. Some of those who exercise get training tips from hearsay and don't base their training on scientific principles. Worse, many patients don't exercise at all and attribute their inactivity to their medical problems; these are often the patients who need exercise the most. The Benefits and Hazards of Exercise clarifies some of the confusion by giving an up to date, critical review of exercise recommendations and exercise topics.

The first chapters approach exercise from a public health perspective, including how much exercise is enough to improve health. The book then ventures into exercise as a form of disease management for hypertension, diabetes, and other chronic conditions. The chapter on the effect of exercise on mental wellbeing is particularly intriguing. The last chapters focus on physiological responses to exercise and how external factors such as altitude affect performance.

As a multiauthored text, the chapter format differs throughout. Some authors approach their topic as a traditional review of the literature. Many, however, use a meta-analysis approach, describing how they analysed the literature to make their recommendations. The chapter on viral illness and sport is disappointing. Because of the paucity of literature on this topic, the chapter reads more like a research grant application than a review. Review questions accompany each chapter. In most chapters, the questions highlight the main educational points, although the changes in format from chapter to chapter were somewhat disruptive.

For general practitioners, the book is extremely helpful for ideas to motivate patients on both an individual and community basis. This book doesn't seem to be intended for elite athletes interested in training tips (such as adding plyometric training to increase vertical leap). It does, however, address areas such as jet lag, rehydration strategies, and altitude training that can give elite athletes a competitive advantage. Often, this most extreme segment of the exercising population can have the most bizarre training concepts, and the relevant chapters of this book give the physician valuable information when counselling such athletes.

As most of the book was educational and well written, I wish it could have included a few more subjects. One missing topic was using exercise as a method for treating obesity. A specific section would have been useful as obesity is a prevalent disease associated with inactivity. The risks and benefits of a stretching programme as part of an exercise routine would also have been interesting. Otherwise, the book is an excellent guide to the major issues of exercise that are pertinent to physicians.
Case 57-1963
Authors: Edwin O. Wheeler, Austin L. Vickery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

Presentation of Case First admission. An eighty-year-old man entered the hospital because of left-sided facial pain.The patient had been in good health until three weeks before admission, when he began to experience sudden attacks of severe, "drawing" pain over the left lower portion of the face that was aggravated by opening the mouth, eating and drinking. Left-sided paralysis due to a stroke had occurred about twenty years previously.Physical examination revealed a healthy-appearing elderly man who occasionally flinched because of pain. Examination of the head and neck was negative. The lungs were clear. The heart was not enlarged, and . . .