tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A multistate epidemic outbreak of Salmonella Goldcoast infection in humans, June 2009 to March 2010: the investigation in Italy
Authors: G Scavia, G Ciaravino, I Luzzi, A Lenglet, A Ricci, L Barco, A Pavan, F Zaffanella, A M Dionisi
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

After an urgent inquiry into a suspected international outbreak of Salmonella Goldcoast infection was launched by Hungary in October 2009 a nationwide multidisciplinary investigation was carried out in Italy. The aims were to verify whether the higher than expected number of cases of S. Goldcoast infection that had occurred in Italy in the previous months were linked to the outbreak in Hungary and to determine their origin. Between June 2009 and March 2010, 79 confirmed cases of S. Goldcoast infection were identified. Of these, 17 were part of three different point-source outbreaks probably associated with the consumption of salami. Eating salami was also reported by 20 of the 39 sporadic cases that could be interviewed. Fifteen strains of S. Goldcoast isolated from the cases were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. They shared more than 90% homology with the Hungarian epidemic strain and were also highly similar to S. Goldcoast strains that had been isolated in Italy from pigs and pork-containing food items in 2009 and 2010. Although the origin of the outbreak and the common source linking the Hungarian and the Italian cases could not be definitively identified, our results suggest a possible zoonotic connection of the outbreak cases with the pork production chain.
Urinary Excretion of Dimethyltryptamine in Liver Disease
Authors: Stuart A. Checkley, Michael C.H. Oon, Richard Rodnight, Marian P. Murphy, Roger S. Williams, James L.T. Birley
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

The urinary excretion of N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) was higher in patients with severe liver disease than in normal subjects. This difference remained significant when patients with all grades of hepatic encephalopathy were excluded. Patients with liver disease whose mental states were normal excreted amounts of DMT similar to those of patients with a hospital diagnosis of schizophrenia.
Phase II trial of gemcitabine and cisplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer: Preliminary results
Authors: R. Dienstmann, D. Herchenhorn, F. A. Peixoto, F. Campos, V. O. Santos, D. M. Moreira, D. M. Moreira, I. A. Small, H. Cardoso, C. G. Ferreira
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

14590 Background: Gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) is an active and well tolerated combination in the treatment of metastatic bladder cancer (BC). Studies of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in BC suggest improved survival, especially for patients with complete pathologic response. We have prospectively analyzed the tolerability and efficacy of GC as neoadjuvant treatment of invasive BC. Methods: in this single-institution, one-stage phase II trial, patients (pts) with histologically verified muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma received 3 cycles of gemcitabine 1200 mg/m 2 on days 1 and 8 with cisplatin 75 mg/m 2 on day 1 prior to surgery. Radiologic response was evaluated with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Planned accrual was 35 pts. Primary endpoint was clinical and pathological response rate. Results: between Jun 2002 and Mar 2005, 22 pts (19 males) were enrolled. Accrual was poor due to a higher percentage of superficial tumors than expected. Median age was 61 years. All pts had Performance Status 0 or 1. Initial stage was II (T2) in 11 and III (T3–4) in 11 pts. Chemotherapy was well tolerated with infrequent grade III/ IV toxicity (nausea/ vomiting in 27%, neutropenia in 23% and neutropenic fever in 1 patient). Median follow-up is 26 months (6–40). Partial radiologic response rate was documented in 15 out of 19 assessable pts (79%). One patient was excluded due to renal toxicity in the first chemotherapy cycle and other had sarcomatoid carcinoma at definitive pathologic examination. By Dec 2005, 14 pts underwent radical cystectomy, 4 pts pelvic radiotherapy, 1 is waiting surgery and 1 had systemic progression before surgery. Nine out of 20 pts (45%) relapsed (8 systemic and 1 local) and 4 (20%) are dead (3 with confirmed disease progression). Complete pathologic response was observed in 3 pts (21.5% of 14) and local progression during chemotherapy in another 3 pts. Median estimated progression-free survival by Kaplan-Meier is 27 months (CI 95% 20.5–33.5) with median overall survival not reached. Conclusions: the combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin is effective and tolerable when used as neoadjuvant therapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Longer follow-up is necessary to evaluate its impact in the overall survival of these pts. [Table: see text]
Adverse effects of combined propranolol and chlorpromazine therapy
Authors: F A Miller, D Rampling
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

The authors describe a woman with chronic schizophrenia who experienced delirium, grand mal seizure, and photosensitivity after the addition of propranolol to her neuroleptic regimen. The pharmacokinetic synergism of this combination may be hazardous for some patients.
Clinical significance of nuclear kappa B and chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Authors: Byung Woog Kang, Jong Gwang Kim, Yee Soo Chae, Soo Jung Lee, Sang Kyun Sohn, Joon Ho Moon, Jun Young Choi, Yoo Jin Lee, Jin Ho Baek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e18533 Background: This study investigated the activation of nuclear factor kB (NFkB) and the chemokine receptor CXCR4 co-expression in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who received rituximab-based therapy. Methods: Seventy patients with DLBCL and treated with rituximab-CHOP (RCHOP) were included. Tissue microarray blocks were created from 70 cases of DLBCL. Sections were stained with antibodies to IKKα, p-IkB, p50, p52, and CXCR4. To classify cases of DLBCL into GCB (germinal center B-cell-like) and non-GCB, additional immunohistochemical expression of CD10, bcl-6, or MUM1 has been used in this study. A numeric intensity score of 0-3 was assigned each case. Negative was scored if 0/+1 and positive was scored if 2+/3+. Results: The median age was 66.5 years (range, 17-87) and 58.6% were male. Twenty-seven patients (38.6%) had stage III and IV at diagnosis. Twenty-three patients (32.9%) were categorized as high or high-intermediate risk according to their IPI. The overall incidence of BM involvement was 5.7%. Positive expression for NFkB and CXCR4 were more than 80%. In NFkB and CXCR4 status, there are no significant difference between GCB and non-GCB. High NFkB expression is associated with CXCR4 expression and they are co-expressed in about two thirds of patients. With a median follow-up duration of 28.7 months (range, 0.1-76.1), the 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rate was 67.4% and 79.8%, respectively. Neither NFkB nor CXCR4 were associated with DLBCL outcomes. Conclusions: In concolusion, none of the NFkB and CXCR4 expression profiles investigated in this study was found to be an independent prognostic marker for Korean patients with DLBCL. However, further studies on a larger scale are warranted to clarify the role of NFkB and CXCR4 as a prognostic marker.
Abstract B58: Functional analysis of the cell adhesion molecule Nectin-4 in the unique tumor microenvironment of ovarian cancer.
Authors: Kristin L.M. Boylan, Petra C. Buchanan, Dip Shukla, Melissa DeRycke, Bruce Walcheck, Amy P.N. Skubitz.
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract A unique aspect of ovarian cancer progression is the collection of ascites fluid in the abdominal cavity, which contains free-floating tumor cells in the form of single cells and multicellular aggregates (spheroids). In previous studies, we showed that the cell adhesion molecule Nectin-4 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer tumors and that the soluble fragment of Nectin-4 (sN4) is detected in the ascites fluid and sera of ovarian cancer patients. The objectives of this study were to determine how Nectin-4 is cleaved from the surface of ovarian cancer cells and the functional role that Nectin-4 plays in the aggregation, invasion, and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Functional assays were conducted using human ovarian cancer cell lines that differed in their levels of expression of Nectin-4. First, NIH:OVCAR5 cells, which express moderate levels of Nectin-4, were either: (a) transfected with shRNA targeting Nectin-4 (resulting in almost complete knockdown of Nectin-4 expression) or (b) transfected with full length Nectin-4 to overexpress Nectin-4. Second, MA148 cells, which do not endogenously express Nectin-4 were transfected with a full length Nectin-4 cDNA. Cells that expressed high levels of Nectin-4 formed multicellular aggregates and proliferated more rapidly than cells in which Nectin-4 levels had been knocked down by shRNA. Nectin-4 knock down cells also migrated more slowly in a wound healing assay than cells transfected with a control shRNA. Cells that overexpressed Nectin-4 took a longer time to disaggregate and invade monolayers of mesothelial cells. In addition, cells that overexpressed Nectin-4 shed sN4 following 3 hours of stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate. A broad spectrum inhibitor of matrix metalloproteases and A Disintegrin And Metalloproteases (ADAMs) completely inhibited Nectin-4 shedding. Our results suggest that Nectin-4 promotes cell-cell adhesion (important in the formation of multicellular aggregates), yet it can be cleaved from the surface of cells to allow cells to disaggregate (important in invasion). Understanding the role of Nectin-4 in the multifaceted ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment is critical in order to facilitate its development as a novel therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Kristin L.M. Boylan, Petra C. Buchanan, Dip Shukla, Melissa DeRycke, Bruce Walcheck, Amy P.N. Skubitz. Functional analysis of the cell adhesion molecule Nectin-4 in the unique tumor microenvironment of ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B58.
Miliary and Meningeal Tuberculosis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

Acute fever associated with multi-systems illness is a common feature of several infections endemic in South-east Asia, including malaria, dengue, scrub typhus, and leptospirosis. Malaria and dengue infectionmustbe initially excluded inall patientspresented with this syndrome. The lack of sensitive and rapid methods for the laboratory confirmation of a tentative diagnosis has been an important problem. Physician in the tropic should aware thatmalaria, dengue infection, rickettsioses, and leptospirosis are major causes of acute undifferentiated fever. Travelers to endemic areas are also at risk of these infections. Early recognition and appropriate treatment reduce morbidity and mortality. Doxycycline would usually be an appropriate initial antimicrobial treatment for individual with suspected either rickettsioses or leptospirosis. Azithromycin could be considered as an alternative treatment when ever doxycycline allergy is suspected. In this presentation the outline of common causes of acute undifferentiated febrile illness among indigenous population and international travelers returned fromSouth-eastAsia, and themanagement of these patients will be discussed.
Modified activity of the human auditory cortex during auditory hallucinations
Authors: J Tiihonen, R Hari, H Naukkarinen, R Rimón, V Jousmäki, M Kajola
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

Previous reports have shown abnormalities in brain metabolism and evoked responses of schizophrenic patients with hallucinations. The authors recorded electric and magnetic auditory responses during transitory auditory hallucinations in two patients. Small but replicable response delays occurred during hallucinations. The results suggest that the effect of hallucinations on auditory cortex activity is similar to the effect of real sounds.
A CASE of ACQUIRED NYSTAGMUS
Authors: A. S. Percival
Journal: BMJ (1898)

1 ' i, I583 by any known method-an assumption for which there is no ground whatever.It seems to me that we are obliged to fall back on some form of the old theory, that sympathetic ophthalmia is due, partially if not entirely, to irritation of the ciliary nerves.No doubt there are difficulties in the way, which experimenters have so far failed to remove, but in seeking for an explanation of these failures several possibilities are open to us.The common occurrence of sympathetic irritation in one eye after injury to the other is generally acknowledged, and it may be that the mechanism by which this irritation is con- veyed differs in man from that in dogs, rabbits, and guinea- pigs, and this seems not so unlikely when we remember the anatomical arrangement of the whole ocular apparatus in man, designed to secure binocular vision.Or it may be that the explanation lies in the anatomical and physiological relationships of the nervous mechanism conveying the irrita- tion, of which we as yet know nothing, and I believe that it is by the study of these relationships that our knowledge of the cause of sympathetic ophthalmia is most likely to be ex- tended.I have to acknowledge my great indebtedness to Dr. Lor- rain Smith, not only for his permission to work in the Pathological Laboratory of Queen's College, but also for valuable aid and advice in-performing the experiments, and in the course of the research.
Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Forestomach in X-Irradiated Mice Fed 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-Benzanthracene, with a Note on Failure to Induce Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Erkki A. Saxén, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1952)

Journal Article Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Forestomach in X-Irradiated Mice Fed 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-Benzanthracene, with a Note on Failure to Induce Adenocarcinoma Get access Erkki A. Saxén, M.D. Erkki A. Saxén, M.D. Research Fellow National Cancer Institute3Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 13, Issue 2, October 1952, Pages 441–453, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/13.2.441 Published: 01 October 1952 Article history Received: 03 June 1952 Published: 01 October 1952
Cooperative language in consultations by male and female doctors
Authors: T A Roper, J R Skelton, F D R Hobbs
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editor—In their descriptive study of cooperative language by male and female doctors Skelton and Hobbs show that communication style does not differ with respect to gender.1 They conclude nevertheless that men have more to learn to achieve competence as professional communicators.

I suspect that their assertion is rooted more in the assumptions of gender stereotypes than in hard evidence. For example, the claim that men dominate talk between men and women is based on a few very small studies. The most persuasive of these, by Zimmerman and West, had conversations from only 11 male-female pairs.2 The claim that men dominate speech even in the presence of female superiors is supported by an even smaller study, which looked at conversations taped for 14-30 minutes but with only a two minute random extract analysed.3 The results were not impressive, and the study’s authors said that larger studies were needed to confirm their findings.

As found in the review cited in Skelton and Hobbs’s paper,4 such small studies yield weak conclusions hedged by words such as “suggest,” “tend,” “seem,” and “generally.” For example, “women tend to organise their talk cooperatively, while men tend to organise their talk competitively.” Very quickly, these words are dropped and vague trends evolve into fossilised dogma (especially if the researcher has an agenda). This is illustrated by an example from the same review; in mixed sex groups “it seems that women put far more effort than men into maintaining and facilitating a conversation” becomes, according to Fishman,3,4 “women have to perform the interactive shitwork.” Men are also guilty of this—for example, by labelling women as gossips they have succeeded in trivialising the content of their speech.

Skelton and Hobbs’s paper can be interpreted in two ways depending on your viewpoint. If you believe that men’s speech style is competitive and not cooperative then this study shows that men as well as women have the capacity for psychological androgyny—that they are capable of adopting female speech styles. If you believe that men already have cooperative abilities then this study is confirmatory. In neither case is there evidence that male doctors have more to learn than female doctors to achieve competence as professional communicators. As researchers we must rise above prevailing prejudices or we risk falling into the same trap as the authors and reaching unsupportable conclusions.
Assessing patient satisfaction with state hospital and aftercare services
Authors: A Bene-Kociemba, P G Cotton, R C Fortgang
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

To assess patients' satisfaction with state hospital and aftercare services, the authors administered an open-ended interview to 22 former state hospital patients. The patients expressed marked dissatisfaction with their treatment in the hospital, but 78% said they were helped by the aftercare services. Important components of their satisfaction were feeling helped, feeling understood, and feeling that the aftercare worker was available when needed. Frequency and length of meetings and types of assistance were not related to satisfaction. The patients reported that the psychotherapeutic and task-oriented assistance were equally helpful.
Confidentiality of Clinical Records
Authors: P. H. Addison
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Weight loss may relieve the severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) but its effect beyond the effects of the standard treatment Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, CPAP, is unknown. The aim of the study was to compare change in Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) and OSAS severity between CPAP treatment and CPAP treatment in conjunction with a behavioural medicine (BM) lifestyle intervention.After baseline assessment of anthropometric and ventilatory parameters, 86 patients ((mean ± SD) 54.9 ±11.8 years)) with overweight (Body Mass Index 34.1 ±5) and moderate-severe OSAS (AHI 43.5 ±20.7) were randomized to a control group (CPAP and advice on the association between weight and OSAS) or an experimental group (CPAP and a BM intervention targeting physical activity and eating behavior). At 6 months, new assessments were made and information on CPAP adherence was collected. The experimental group had improved more regarding body weight (-1.9 ±4.6 kg), waist circumference (-2.9 ±4.8 cm) and AHI (-9.9 ±13) compared to the control group (-0.02 ±3.3 kg; -0.4 ±4.1 cm; and -1.9 ±19.9, respectively). Improvements in OSAS severity were more pronounced in experimental group (40%) compared to the control group (16.9%). About 70% in both groups adhered to CPAP treatment. In a multiple regression model, study condition and CPAP adherence explained 8.1% of the variance in AHI change. After adjusting for CPAP adherence, the model indicated that being in the experimental group implied an AHI improvement by 22.8 units. The results highlight the clinical importance of lifestyle modifications in conjunction to CPAP treatment in patients with OSAS.
Response to Letters Regarding Article, “Frequency and Predictors of Internal Mammary Artery Graft Failure and Subsequent Clinical Outcomes: Insights From the Project of Ex-Vivo Vein Graft Engineering via Transfection (PREVENT) IV Trial”
Authors: Ralf E. Harskamp, John H. Alexander, T. Bruce Ferguson, Rebecca Hager, Michael J. Mack, Brian Englum, Daniel Wojdyla, Phillip J. Schulte, Nicholas T. Kouchoukos, Robbert J. de Winter, C. Michael Gibson, Eric D. Peterson, Robert A. Harrington, Peter K. Smith, Renato D. Lopes
Journal: Circulation (2016)
Clinical Outcome of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients (Ansclc Pts) on Phase I Trials in the Drug Development Unit (Ddu) at the Royal Marsden Hospital (Rmh)
Authors: M. Capelan, D. Roda, E. Geuna, K. Rihawi, B. Shankar, S.B. Kaye, J. Bhosle, L.R. Molife, U. Banerji, M. Óbrien, J.S. De Bono, S. Popat, T.A. Yap
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin (WTJ) neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for high-risk cervical cancer is well tolerated by Japanese women
Authors: T. Idei, T. Idei
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

5152 Objectives: To examine tolerance and measurable response of WTJ-NAC in Japanese high-risk cervical cancer patients. Methods: 25 cases of high-risk cervical cancer cases (bulky Ib=4, bulky IIa=9, bulky IIb=9, IIIb=2, IVb=1) were treated with WTJ (paclitaxel 80mg/m2, carboplatin AUC 2mg/ml/min) for a total of 130 cycles (median=6). All patents received type III hysterectomy (n=24) or type II hysterectomy (n=1) and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Results: Three patients became ineligible because of the hypersensitive reaction. The follow up period ranged from 362 to 3076 days. Observed toxity was grade 1 leukopenia (25%), neutropenia (8.3%), anemia (46%), grade 2 leukopenia (16.7%) and anemia (4.2%) and grade 3 leukopenia 8.3%. Alopecia was 58%. No significant neurotoxity was observed (grade 1, 8.3%). Elevated SCC levels before the treatment were markedly reduced (median reduction 91%, range 4–100%) within 4 weeks of the NAC. Two patients including stage IVb (lung metastasis) had CR and the rest of the patients showed good PR within 9 weeks (median of 4 weeks, range 2–9), thus overall response rate was 100%. Two patients showed pathological CR after surgery and until now, three patients (two Ib cases, IVbcase) were lost to disease. DFS was 183 to 1614 days and overall survival rate was 87.5%. Conclusions: WTJ-NAC is well tolerated in Japanese women with high-risk cervical cancer. Early response including reduction in SCC levels may make WTJ particularly suitable for NAC because clinical decision to proceed to surgery is made without delay. WTJ-NAC administration may be a safe and effective new regimen for high-risk cervical cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.