tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of Semiquantitative Assessment of Regional Binding Potential in 123I-FP-CIT SPECT for the Differentiation of Frontotemporal Dementia, Dementia With Lewy Bodies, and Alzheimer’s Dementia
Authors: Timo S. Spehl, Lars Frings, Sabine Hellwig, Cornelius Weiller, Michael Hüll, Philipp T. Meyer, Florian Amtage
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

I-FP-CIT SPECT is increasingly used to differentiate between Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The role of I-FP-CIT SPECT in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is rather unclear, albeit nigrostriatal involvement may occur. The aim of this study was to evaluate its role in the differentiation of FTD, DLB, and AD.We analyzed 34 patients with clinical diagnosis of FTD (n = 13), DLB (n = 12), and AD (n = 9) undergoing combined F-FDG PET and I-FP-CIT SPECT. We performed a semiquantitative region of interest-based analysis to determine the binding potential values in caudate nucleus, putamen, and whole striatum including the caudate/putamen binding potential ratio and asymmetry indices. The receiver operating characteristic analyses and multinomial logistic regression were conducted to assess discrimination accuracy.The putaminal binding potential separated DLB from AD with high accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.94). It also discriminated FTD from DLB with high accuracy (AUC, 0.92), whereas differentiation between FTD and AD was less accurate (AUC, 0.74). The binding potential ratio also provided high accuracy for differentiation of FTD and DLB (AUC, 0.91). Combination of these 2 parameters yielded slightly higher results for differentiation of FTD and DLB (AUC, 0.97). In a group including all patients, accuracy remained very high for DLB (AUC, 0.95), whereas values for FTD (AUC, 0.81) and AD (AUC, 0.80) were lower.Semiquantitative assessment of striatal dopamine transporter availability can differentiate between FTD and DLB as well as DLB and AD with high accuracy, whereas discrimination between AD and FTD is limited.
Incompletely Dissolved Radioiodine Capsule as a Likely Cause of False-Positive Whole-Body Scan in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Jong-Ryool Oh, Shin Young Jeong, Hyundae Yoon
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Radioiodine is highly specific for detecting functioning thyroid tissue in the body. However, an unexpected radioiodine uptake can cause various false-positive results in whole-body scanning. We report a case of a 47-year-old woman who showed strong and focal uptake in the right pelvic area suggesting metastasis on the posttreatment whole-body scan. SPECT/CT revealed that the uptake was located in the colon, and the uptake was completely egested after additional bowel preparation.
Large-Scale Effort Tests Digital Mammography's Potential
Authors: L. F. Anderson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Large-Scale Effort Tests Digital Mammography's Potential Get access Linda F. Anderson Linda F. Anderson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 8, 20 April 1994, Pages 580–582, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.8.580 Published: 20 April 1994
Abstract 4287: Survival and self-renewing capacity of breast cancer initiating cells during fractionated radiation treatment
Authors: Chann H. Lagadec, Erina Vlashi, Lorenza Della Donna, YongHong Meng, Carmen Dekmezian, Kwanghee Kim, Frank Pajonk
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Recent data indicate a hierarchical organization of many solid cancers, including breast cancer with a small number of cancer initiating cells (CICs) that have the ability to self-renew and exhibit multi-lineage potency. We, and others, have demonstrated that CICs in breast cancer and glioma were relatively resistant to ionizing radiation if compared to their non-tumorigenic counterparts. However, the extent of the remaining self-renewing capacity of CICs after fractions of radiation is currently unknown. We hypothesized that CICs, in contrast with their non-tumorigenic counterparts, not only survive fractions of ionizing radiation but also retain the CIC phenotype as defined by operational means. Experimental Design: We used two marker systems to identify breast CICs (CD24-/low/CD44high, or lack of proteasome activity) and performed sphere-forming assays after multiple clinical fractions of radiation. Lineage tracking was performed by membrane staining. Cell cycle distribution and RNA content were assed by flow cytometry and senescence was assessed by ß-gal staining. Results: We demonstrated that irradiated CICs survived and retained their self-renewal capacity for at least 4 generations. We show that fractionated radiation not only spared CICs but also mobilized CICs from a quiescent/G0 phase of the cell cycle into actively cycling cells while the surviving non-tumorigenic cells were driven into senescence. Conclusions: We conclude that increases in the number of cancer initiating cells after sublethal doses of radiation are potentially of clinically important because the CICs retain increased self-renewal capacity over several generations. Prevention of this process may therefore lead to improved clinical outcome. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4287.
P06.07 * GRADE 2 MENINGIOMA AND RADIOSURGERY
Authors: R. Aboukais, f. zairi, J. Lejeune, M. Vermandel, S. Blond, E. Le Rhun, N. Reyns
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Grade 2 meningiomas are aggressive tumors associated a high recurrence rate, leading to repeated surgical procedures, which can seriously worsen the patients' neurological status. Although, radiosurgery is an increasingly popular technique, its role in the management of grade 2 meningiomas has yet to be precised. OBJECTIVE: Our study aims to evaluate radiosurgery in achieving tumor control of proven tumor progression occurring after the surgical resection of grade 2 meningioma. METHODS: This retrospective study included 27 consecutive patients who underwent radiosurgery for the treatment of a proven radiological progression of a previously surgically treated grade 2 meningioma between 2000 and 2012. The mean radiation dose was 15.2 grays (range 12 to 21) and the mean target volume was 5.4 cm3 (range 0.194 to 14.2). There were 9 men and 18 women with a mean age of 59 years. Thirty-four radiosurgical procedures were performed in 27 patients. RESULTS: The mean progression-free survival after radiosurgery was 32.4 months concerning the target irradiated volume and 26.4 months regarding all intracranial meninges. With a mean follow-up time of 56.4 months (range 12 to 120), the 12-, 24-, and 36-month actuarial local and regional control rates for all patients were 75%, 52%, 40%, and 75%, 48%, 33%, respectively. We reported a single case of transient hemiparesis that completely resolved without sequelae. CONCLUSION: Radiosurgery appears to be a safe and effective treatment for local control of delayed progression after surgical resection of a grade 2 meningioma. Higher doses, similar to those applied for malignant tumors should be recommended when possible.
Skin Disease in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: M. Keefe
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Elisabeth Higgins, Anthony du Vivier Blackwell Science, £39.50, pp 277 ISBN 0 86542 835 2

Skin disease accounts for roughly 10-15% of all consultations in general practice, yet only a minute proportion of the undergraduate curriculum is devoted to dermatology. Indeed, some students receive no dermatology training at all and later on, as general practitioners, may receive no appreciable postgraduate training in the subject. One hears only too often of general practitioners and their patients thumbing through textbooks together trying to spot something that looks vaguely reminiscent of the patient's rash. This ludicrous state of affairs is allowed to persist only because …
Treatment of Achalasia in Chagas' Disease with Botulinum Toxin
Authors: Angelo P. Ferrari, Eduardo S. Siqueira, César Q. Brant
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: Chagas' disease, which is common in Brazil, often involves the esophageal neural plexus, resulting in clinical, manometric, and histologic findings resembling those of achalasia. The...
Abstract 5529: <i>In vitro</i> platforms representing tumor complexity for target validation and drug discovery.
Authors: John A. Hickman
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract PREDECT is one of the major Innovative Medicines Initiatives (IMI) of the European Union with 21 laboratories collaborating in a Public-Private partnership, aiming to create more appropriate in vitro platforms for target validation and drug discovery. Genomic and proteomic data on cancers from patient material provides hypotheses regarding potential novel drug targets. Laboratory platforms to validate whether target modulation would provide a clinical benefit are usually highly reductionist, often using long-established cell lines growing in 2 dimensions in vitro. These models do not reflect the complexity of a tumour in situ, where biochemical pathways are wired with connections to the complex tumour environment provided by stromal, immune and endothelial cells. PREDECT has the goal of comparing the pathological and molecular profiles of novel in vitro platforms with those of human tumours. In a stepwise manner, material from in situ tumours will be "deconstructed," for example through tissue slices, 3-D heterogenously complex models (with stroma etc), simple 3D models, complex 2D models to simple 2D models and the profiles of each platform compared with an in situ tumour, both in the resting state and when perturbed by drugs or RNA interference. "Reconstruction" of tumor complexity will also be attempted and profiled. Proteomics of models of breast, prostate and lung cancer will be compared in a Work Package based on a centralised TMA platform, immunohistochemistry and a Web-based microscopy. A systems approach will interrogate the fidelity of in vitro platforms to represent the complexity and heterogeneity of human tumors. Because clinical material presents both logistic and quality problems for ongoing and intense studies of target validation, PREDECT aims to use material from genetically engineered mouse models, and some "advanced" xenografts, whose pathology and molecular profiles closely match cohorts of human tumours. PREDECT hopes to provide more appropriate platforms both for target validation and subsequent preclinical studies which will replace a current cascade of tests which are poorly predictive of clinical activity. Citation Format: John A. Hickman. In vitro platforms representing tumor complexity for target validation and drug discovery. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5529. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5529
Time Course of Subsequent Shocks After Initial Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Discharge and Implications for Driving Restrictions
Authors: Faisal M. Merchant, Michael H. Hoskins, Michael E. Benser, Gregory Roberts, Andrea N. Bastek, Andrea Knezevic, Yijian Huang, Jonathan J. Langberg, Angel R. Leon, Mikhael F. El-Chami
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2016)

Although guidelines recommend driving restrictions for 3 to 6 months after appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) shocks, contemporary data to support these recommendations are lacking.To define the time course of subsequent shocks after an initial ICD discharge.Retrospective analysis of a nationwide cohort of 14 230 ICD recipients enrolled in a remote monitoring program. Participants underwent ICD implantation from October 1, 2008, to December 31, 2013, and experienced at least 1 shock. The risk of driving after an ICD shock was estimated using the risk for harm (RH) formula, and an annual RH of less than 5 events per 100 000 ICD recipients was deemed safe. The likelihood of loss of consciousness associated with an ICD shock was estimated using a cautious value of 32% and an estimate of 14% based on contemporary data. Data were extracted and analyzed from December 17, 2014, to October 31, 2015.Time course of subsequent shocks after an initial ICD discharge.Of 73 503 ICD recipients who underwent remote monitoring, 14 230 (19.4%) experienced at least 1 ICD shock and were included in this analysis (10 870 men [76.4%]; 3360 women [23.6%]; median age at device implantation, 68 years; interquartile range [IQR], 60-76 years). The cumulative incidence of receiving a second shock was 14.5% (IQR, 13.9%-15.1%) at 1 month and 28.7% (IQR, 27.9%-29.5%) at 6 months. The time from implantation to initial shock had an inverse association with the likelihood of receiving a second shock (lowest quartile of time at 6 months, 31.6% [95% CI, 30.2%-33.2]; highest quartile of time at 6 months, 25.3% [95% CI, 23.8%-26.9%]). The number of ICD therapy zones was also significantly associated with the incidence of a second shock (1 therapy zone, 20.8% [95% CI, 19.4%-22.3%] at 3 months to 51.5% [95% CI, 48.5%-53.7%] at 3 years; 3 therapy zones, 26.9% [95% CI, 24.8%-29.0%] at 3 months to 57.3% [95% CI, 54.1%-60.5%] at 3 years). When a likelihood of loss of consciousness of 32% associated with an ICD shock was used, the RH while driving fell below the accepted threshold at 4 to 6 months after an initial shock. However, when a contemporary estimate for loss of consciousness associated with an ICD shock of 14% was used, the RH fell below the threshold at 1 month after an initial shock.In this large cohort of ICD recipients, the incidence of a second shock after an initial ICD discharge was lower than previously reported and depended on several programmed ICD variables. These data, with future research to derive contemporary estimates of the likelihood of fatality resulting from an ICD shock while driving, should support the development of evidence-based guidelines for driving restrictions in ICD recipients.
Abstract 3391: Overexpression of Nek2 promotes bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma cells.
Authors: Jessica Flory, Rachel Brog, Ling Yao Meng, Lee Call, Hariprasad Vankayalapati, Guido Tricot, Fenghuang Zhan, David J. Bearss
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Drug resistance is a major complication in cancer therapy but the molecular mechanisms driving both innate and acquired drug resistance still remain largely unknown for many anti-cancer agents. Microarray analyses on paired primary multiple myeloma samples at baseline and after therapy or at relapse showed that the mitotic kinase NEK2 was one of the most up-regulated genes in myeloma cells after high-dose chemotherapy or at relapse. Nek2 is a Serine/Threonine kinase that is activated during mitosis and is associated centrosome function and structure at the G2/M transition. A role for Nek2 has been suggested in the separation of centrosomes as well as promoting cell cycle from G2 phase to M phase but no role for Nek2 in mediating drug resistance has been described. By analyzing the published (&amp;gt; 2,500) microarrays and clinical datasets, we found that NEK2 expression is increased in many malignancies, and that high expression of NEK2 was associated with a shorter event-free and overall survival. Moreover, NEK2 expression was typically increased in tumors with aggressive subtype and advanced stage. Our studies in myeloma cells indicate that over-expressing NEK2 results in enhanced cell proliferation and drug resistance, whereas knockdown of NEK2 induced significant cancer cell death and growth inhibition. Nek2 transfected myeloma cell lines ARP1, H929 and KMS28PE were used to investigate Nek2’s function relative to bortezomib resistance. We found that Nek2 over-expression significantly elevated the proteasome activity of transfected cells leading to decreased activity of Bortezomib in these cells. Using novel small molecule Nek2 inhibitors developed in our lab, we demonstrated efficient inhibition of proteasome activity in Nek2 over-expressing cancer cell lines. The treatment of cell with our lead compounds significantly inhibited the degradation of some proteasome targeted cell cycle regulators. Further, the combinations of these Nek2 inhibitors and bortezomib, greatly elevated the efficiency of bortezomib in decreasing the proteasome activity in vitro. The treatment with these novel Nek2 inhibitors successfully rescued the drug resistance in Nek2 over-expressed cells, indicating a potential therapy for bortezomib resistant myeloma patients. We conclude that NEK2 represents a predictor for drug resistance and poor prognosis in cancers and could be a potential target for cancer therapy. Citation Format: Jessica Flory, Rachel Brog, Ling Yao Meng, Lee Call, Hariprasad Vankayalapati, Guido Tricot, Fenghuang Zhan, David J. Bearss. Overexpression of Nek2 promotes bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3391. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3391
DIAGNOSTIC PERFORMANCE OF ADENOSINE STRESS COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING USING A 320-DETECTOR ROW CT IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Masaki Takenaka, Masaki Sakakibara, Shogo Yamaguchi, Tsuyoshi Yokoi, Shinsuke Takeuchi, Naoki Iwakawa, Katsuhide Kitagawa, Soichiro Aoki, Yasushi Jinno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
AB0274 Correlation of CDAI and SDAI with das in a large real-life cohort of RA patients treated with infliximab:
Authors: D. Choquette, W. Bensen, M. Baker, J. Sampalis, S. Otawa, S. Khalil
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> In recent years, the efficacy of anti-TNF-alpha in the management of RA has been demonstrated in numerous controlled clinical trials. The Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) have been recently designed as simplified disease activity scores. The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the correlation between these simplified disease activity scores and routine clinical practice scores. <h3>Methods</h3> The data for this analysis were obtained from an observational study of adult RA patients initiated on treatment with infliximab and followed prospectively as per routine care since 2002. The majority of patients enrolled were biologic naïve. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 440 patients were included in this analysis. Mean (SD) age was 56.4 (13.6) years and mean (SD) disease duration at baseline was 11.0 (10.2) years. Mean SDAI, CDAI, DAS28-CRP and HAQ scores decreased significantly over 48 months (p&lt;0.001, for all parameters). A statistically significant strong positive correlation was observed between the DAS28-CRP and the SDAI (r=0.82; p&lt;0.001) or CDAI (r=0.94; p&lt;0.001). Differences in the proportion of patients achieving low disease activity (LDA) and remission were observed between DAS28-CRP, SDAI and CDAI. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The results of this real-life observational study demonstrate that over four years of treatment infliximab is effective in reducing symptom severity and improving outcomes in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis using different scores. DAS28 classified more patients in remission compared to the more strict SDAI and CDAI definitions, in agreement with previous studies. Also, the data from this registry confirmed the validity of the SDAI and CDAI as disease activity measures in a real-life RA cohort. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
The Power Proxy
Authors: Ranjana Srivastava
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The patient looks better than I expected. Investigations for a septic episode revealed a liver replaced by tumor, the primary obscure. He cuts a handsome figure at 70. His handshake is brisk, his expression open and warm.“Hello,” I greet him. “I'm the oncologist.”“I know all about you, doc!” Smiling, he produces a sheaf of papers: my photograph, my résumé, and snippets of my writing. “My son is an executive. He did this!”I am at a loss for words.The patient had undergone nephrectomy 20 years earlier. “At that time, if your doctor said you needed one less . . .
Inequalities in lung cancer: a world of<i>EGFR</i>
Authors: Mélodie Carbonnaux, Pierre-Jean Souquet, Anne-Pascale Meert, Arnaud Scherpereel, Matthew Peters, Sébastien Couraud
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

Epidermal growth factor receptor gene ( EGFR ) mutation status has emerged as a crucial issue in lung cancer management. Availability and cost of tests and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) may vary as a function of country development. We conducted a prospective specialist opinion survey to map EGFR test and EGFR-TKI availability and detect associations with the Human Development Index (HDI). A questionnaire was sent to specialists in thoracic oncology in all United Nations Member States. We obtained responses from 74 countries, comprising 78% of the worldwide population. Nonresponding countries had significantly lower HDI rank than responding countries. EGFR mutation analysis was routinely available in 57 countries (70% of the worldwide population). The cost of the test was &lt;US$500 in 49 countries (42.5% of the worldwide population). Test availability and cost were both significantly linked to HDI. Erlotinib, gefitinib, afatinib and icotinib were routinely available in 75%, 66%, 31% and 23% of the worldwide population, respectively, also associated with HDI. EGFR mutation testing and EGFR-TKIs are widely accessible in routine practice worldwide. However, there are large discrepancies in access to this innovative treatment path and in its cost for patients as a function of country development.