tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Death rate from hip replacement almost halved in eight years
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Numbers of deaths after total hip replacement fell substantially in England and Wales from 2003 to 2011, a retrospective analysis has found.1

Death within 90 days of hip replacement surgery is rare, but the study in the Lancet showed that it dropped from 0.56% in 2003 to 0.29% in 2011, after data were adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidity.

The researchers used the UK’s national joint registry, the biggest joint replacement database in the world, to analyse more than …
P129 Report of a respiratory health check in a self-selected group of male prisoners in Suffolk
Authors: L. J. Pearce, E. Cecil, C. Phillips, T. B. Pulimood, C. M. Laroche
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> A health bus sponsored by Pfizer Ltd was loaned to Suffolk PCT for a 2-week period in June 2011, for the purpose of health promotion in a range of Suffolk locations. During this period, two prisons were visited, each on one occasion only. At each prison, the Unit Manager allowed prisoners to attend for voluntary health checks. As part of this assessment, members of the Suffolk COPD nursing team carried out a respiratory-focused questionnaire and spirometry on each volunteer. <h3>Method</h3> Each prisoner was asked a series of specific questions concerning respiratory status, including past and present history of smoking tobacco and other substances, presence of current respiratory symptoms, history of known respiratory conditions and respiratory medications. The questionnaire was administered by a respiratory nurse consultant, while a trained respiratory nurse carried out spirometry. <h3>Results</h3> 136 prisoners underwent the respiratory health check. Age range was 19–55 years, average 33 years, median 31 years. 90 (66%) were current smokers (13% of whom had started smoking in prison), and a further 35 (26%) were ex-smokers. 85 (79% of current smokers and 40% of ex-smokers) had also smoked cannabis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In 2008, smoking rates for England were reported to be around 21% of adults.1 This snapshot sample of two prisons in Suffolk is consistent with a higher prevalence of both current smoking (66%) and past smoking (26%) in prisoners, although the incidence may be artificially raised due to self selection for the health assessments. FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC ratio tended to be lower among smokers compared to ex smokers and never smokers. A more comprehensive study of prisoners should be considered, to reduce the burden of smoking related disease within the prison service.
New Strategies Developed To Prevent Serious Infections in Children
Authors: F. X. Mahaney
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article New Strategies Developed To Prevent Serious Infections in Children Get access Francis X. Mahaney, Jr. Francis X. Mahaney, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 9, 1 May 1991, Pages 598–599, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.9.598 Published: 01 May 1991
CN-20 * BEVACIZUMAB CAUSING RECURRENT CEREBRAL INFARCTION IN A PATIENT WITH GLIOBLASTOMA: A PREVIOUSLY UNDOCUMENTED PHENOMENON
Authors: D. Winkel, A. Voloschin
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Bevacizumab, an anti-angiogenic VEGF antibody, is utilized for various malignancies, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). There has long been a correlation between bevacizumab therapy and CNS complications, including ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage. Data on the pathophysiology of this correlation are scarce, and it has proven difficult to ascribe causality. To our knowledge there has never been a documented case of recurrent ischemia temporally associated with recurrent bevacizumab therapy. RESULTS: SS is a 70 year-old man with GBM. He received concomitant radiation and temozolamide (TMZ), followed by adjuvant TMZ and bevacizumab. After 5 cycles of TMZ/bevacizumab, he developed acute-onset left hemiparesis, upon which an MRI demonstrated an acute ischemic infarction. Angiography demonstrated mild attenuation of distal branches within the tumor bed. Chemotherapy was temporarily suspended, but after nearly two months, he had clinically recovered somewhat from the infarction. His TMZ/bevacizumab was restarted as his MRIs had been favorable to that point, with little disease progression. However, shortly thereafter, he had acute recurrence of his hemiparesis, and MRI again demonstrated acutely restricted diffusion. He was therefore switched to an alternative regimen that did not include bevacizumab. CONCLUSIONS: Here we describe a case of an ischemic stroke with radiographic correlate while on bevacizumab, with clinical improvement arrested by the development of a recurrent stroke when bevacizumab was restarted. Interestingly, the distal arteries within the stroke bed appeared somewhat attentuated, suggestive of radiation vasculopathy. This case, describing a previously undocumented phenomenon, raises the possibility of a synergistic effect of bevacizumab and radiation vasculopathy. It may be that radiation vasculoapthy alone is typically insufficient to cause ischemia, but the addition of bevacizumab may precipitate a sufficiently anti-vascular milieu as to cause frank and sudden-onset ischemia. In implicating bevacizumab, future directions may include large-scale studies to explore the temporal association of bevacizumab and ischemic stroke.
Abstract LB-153: PDE4D as a new prostate cancer drug target
Authors: Kimberly DP Hammer, Paul C. Marker
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We have been conducting a two-species screen for prostate cancer oncogenes that are suitable for use as new prostate cancer drug targets. The initial screen utilized transposon-based somatic mutagenesis in mice to induce prostate tumors and molecularly tag candidate oncogenes. This approach identified several candidate prostate cancer genes including known oncogenes such as Nras and Braf as well as new candidate oncogenes including Pde4d. A secondary screen used human prostate tissue microarrays (TMAs) to validate the relevance of new candidate oncogenes for understanding human prostate cancer. Automated quantitative analysis of PDE4D protein expression on the human TMAs confirmed its over-expression in human prostate cancer patients. The Pde4d mRNA is alternatively spliced to encode a family of related PDE4D enzymes. These enzymes share a common catalytic domain that gives all of the enzymes cAMP-specific 3′,5′-cyclic phosphodiesterase activity. Protein domains outside the catalytic domain allow for differential protein regulation and sub-cellular localization of different PDE4D isoforms. Several small molecules have been identified that are highly selective inhibitors of PDE4D activity including cilomilast and NVP-ABE171. In vitro testing of these small molecules has shown that they inhibit the growth of some but not all commonly used prostate cancer cell lines. Growth-inhibition was associated with down-regulation of the MEK-ERK and Shh signaling pathways. Current studies are investigating the molecular mechanisms associated with differential sensitivity/resistance to PDE4D inhibition as well as the potential use of PDE4D inhibitors as anti-prostate cancer drugs in vivo. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-153.
A prospective evaluation of the utility of clinical breast examination.
Authors: WH Goodson III, TK Hunt Jr., J Plotnik, DH Moore II
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5012 Emphasis on mammography, and to a lesser extent MRI, for breast cancer screening, is temporally associated with decreased practice of clinical breast examination (CBE). To assess the role of CBE in current practice, we prospectively evaluated CBE in a community, primary care practice. Because CBE is a low yield procedure, we embedded in this study a test of whether an attention focusing intervention would increase the so-called “call rate” for screening CBE. METHODS: With IRB approval, over an 18 month period, we prospectively asked clinicians in a community, primary care practice to record findings from screening CBE for 1522 routine visits. Clinicians were randomized to use one of two forms: 1. a short form that collected brief historical information about the patient and asked the clinician to mark any areas of abnormality on a graphic of the breasts; or 2. a long form that, in addition to the information on the short form, asked the clinician to record several descriptors of the patient's breasts in general. For historical controls, we retrospectively abstracted the same information as in the short form from charts of 300 women seen for routine care in year before the study. To assess the success in finding cancer, we compared the cancer identification rate to the cancers expected on the basis of age adjusted SEER data. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the two prospective groups in terms of age, presence of a mass prior to CBE according to the patient, or abnormal mammogram before the examination. The call rate for CBE was the same in both study groups for all CBE, CBE when the patient did not think a mass was present, and for CBE when the patient did not think a mass was present and there was not an abnormal mammogram. The call rate for the prospective study patients (8.3%) was, however, significantly higher than the call rate in the preceding year (4.7%; p=0.032) suggesting that the collection of data on separate forms had a Hawthorne Effect in which the conditions of data collection functions as an independent variable. SEER data predicted 3.7 cancers in the 1822 women. We found 4. CONCLUSIONS: Because a simple form as an intervention to focus attention on CBE successfully improved the call rate of CBE and because we found the number of cancers SEER data would anticipate, we question enthusiasm for training in special techniques for CBE and legislative efforts to require separate CPT codes for CBE. We conclude that focusing attention is as successful as special CBE choreography, so that in lieu of training in special techniques, quality efforts should encourage implementation of simple ways to focus clinician attention during CBE. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5012.
Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding Diagnosed by Delayed Scintigraphy With Tc-99m-Labeled Red Blood Cells
Authors: Lois Nwakanma, Gary Meyerrose, Shalyn Kennedy, Ariwan Rakvit, Todd Bohannon, Micheal Silva
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

A 56-year-old woman presented with bright-red blood from the rectum. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed mild gastritis. Colonoscopy demonstrated diverticulosis without active bleeding, and in vitro tagged red blood cell scintigraphy was unremarkable. There was no further evidence of bleeding and the patient was discharged home. The patient returned with recurrent bright-red blood from the rectum. Although delayed scintigraphic images seldom demonstrate the site of bleeding, delayed images at 12 hours demonstrated active bleeding near the hepatic flexure in this patient. This was confirmed with selective mesenteric angiography, and was treated with coil embolization of the tertiary branches of the right middle colic artery.
Death from AIDS is preventable, so why are people still dying of AIDS in Europe?
Authors: V Delpech, J Lundgren
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Preview this article: Death from AIDS is preventable, so why are people still dying of AIDS in Europe?, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/19/47/art20973-en-1.gif
FRI0208 Prediction of treatment response of tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis with comprehensive gene expression analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Y. Sanayama, K. Ikeda, S. Kagami, S. Furuta, D. Kashiwakuma, I. Matsuura, M. Yamagata, I. Iwamoto, T. Umibe, R. Matsumura, T. Sugiyama, M. Sueishi, Y. Nawata, M. Hiraguri, K. Nonaka, O. Ohara, H. Nakajima
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Tocilizumab (TCZ) is a biological agent which is highly efficacious for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although predicting treatment response to TCZ can be especially beneficial since TCZ takes longer time to demonstrate its efficacy as compared with anti-TNFa agents, such methods have not been established. On the other hand, previous reports showed usefulness of DNA array analysis of peripheral blood to predict clinical response to infliximab in RA. <h3>Objectives</h3> To establish methods to predict clinical response to TCZ therapy with comprehensive gene expression analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with RA. <h3>Methods</h3> A total of 18 patients who received TCZ for inadequately controlled RA (CDAI &gt;10) were analyzed as a training cohort. RNA was extracted from PBMCs before the first administration of TCZ and was analyzed for comprehensive gene expression using Human Whole Genome 4×44K format. Clinical response was assessed over six months using CDAI category improvement and physician's global assessment. <h3>Results</h3> At six months of TCZ treatment, responders and non-responders were identified with two different measures (13 responders and three non-responders for CDAI category improvement; 14 responders and three non-responders for physician's global assessment). For each response measure, 20 probes were extracted which demonstrated lowest t-test P values for difference in normalized signals between responders and non-responders and also demonstrated &gt;1.5 fold difference between responders and non-responders. 19 common probes between these two response measures were identified, all of which represented a distinctive gene. Clustering analysis of these genes in the training cohort showed a characteristic pattern for non-responders (figure). A prediction model using these genes with a cut-off signal for each probe completely discriminated non-responders from responders in the training cohort. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Comprehensive gene expression analysis of PBMCs provided a promising result in developing methods to predict clinical response to TCZ therapy for RA. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
AB0871 Ultrasound Evaluation of Carpal Tunnel Syndrom in Primary Hypothyroidism
Authors: D. Holováčová, M. Kužma, D. Čierny, K. Brázdilová, Z. Killinger, J. Payer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> A bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is relatively commonly connected to hypothyroidism and presents in 5 to 10% of hypothyroid patients. Ultrasound imaging is a method of choice in early recognition of dynamic changes of median nerve in subclinical stages of CTS. <h3>Objectives</h3> Monitoring of ultrasound detectable changes of median nerve in transverse section level of carpal tunnel in patients with autoimmune hypothyroidisms. <h3>Methods</h3> A cross sectional comparative study on patients with autoimunne hypothyroidism, where transverse section breadth of median nerve in its entrance to carpal tunnel (Cross Sectional Area, CSA) was measured. CSA values over 0,098cm<sup>2</sup> were considered abnormal according to American Journal of Roentgenology. Values were compared with the control group of healthy subjects based on gender and BMI. Difference between groups were statistically evaluated by unpaired T-test. <h3>Results</h3> Totally of 38 patients (mean age 64,68 yrs, 10 males/28 females, mean BMI 25,37 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, mean TSH 6,23 mU/l, fT4 15,28 pmol/l) were included in the study. The control group consists of 24 subjects (mean age 48,54 yrs, 13 males/11 females, BMI 25,00 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, mean TSH 1,54 mU/l, mean fT4 15,58 pmol/l). CSA was significantly higher in patients (mean 0.088 cm<sup>2</sup>) in comparison with controls (mean 0.071 cm<sup>2</sup>, p=0,002). In 3 hypothyroid patients pathological increase of CSA (mean 0,1 3cm<sup>2</sup>,7.8%) were presenting symptomatology. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Ultrasound findings have documented occurrence of subclinical and clinical CTS in patients with primary hypothyroidism. If CTS occurs, the thyroidal status should be evaluated to exclude possible hypothyroidism. Ultrasound examination of CSA enables the treatment effect monitoring in soft tissue structures in carpal tunnel area and it is an appropriate method for a long term evaluation of hypothyroid patients with this complication. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3319
Colonoscopy quality begins with a clean colon
Authors: S. van Doorn, E. Dekker
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most prevalent type of cancer in western countries, and almost half of people diagnosed with CRC die from the disease [1]. Colonoscopy and resection of adenomas are associated with a reduction in CRC incidence and mortality, although this protection is more obvious for cancers arising in the distal colon [2] [3] [4]. In an effort to further reduce CRC mortality, several indicators of quality have been defined to measure performance of colonoscopy and to target improvement in the quality of colonoscopy. These quality indicators include standard reporting and adequate levels for bowel preparation quality, withdrawal time, adenoma detection rate, burden for the patient, and complication rate [5] [6].
FRI0437 “systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) and cancer risk: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies”
Authors: M. Bonifazi, I. Tramacere, G. Pomponio, B. Gabrielli, E. Avvedimento, C. La Vecchia, E. Negri, A. Gabrielli
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Systemic sclerosis (Scleroderma) is a rare, immune-mediated, complex disorder characterized by extensive fibrosis and vascular alterations. A higher incidence of cancer - especially lung, breast and hematological cancer- in scleroderma patients compared to the general population has been suggested by several observational studies, reporting, however, different estimates. <h3>Objectives</h3> The present study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to definitely assess this relevant issue. <h3>Methods</h3> We searched Medline for all original articles of observational studies on cancer incidence in scleroderma patients without language restriction published up to December 2010. Two independent authors reviewed all titles/abstracts and retrieved detailed full-text of potentially relevant articles to identify studies according to predefined selection criteria. Summary estimates were derived using random effects model and reported as relative risk (RR). Publication bias was evaluated by trim- and fill- analysis. <h3>Results</h3> From 1102 articles initially identified, 15 original studies, involving more than 5000 patients, were included in the present review. Compared to the general population, the summary RR to develop all invasive cancers in scleroderma patients was 1.81 (95% CI, 1.40-2.34). The results for selected cancer sites indicated a strong association with lung cancer (RR 4.4; 95% CI, 1.86-10.31), and a significant increased risk also for haematological neoplasms (RRs 2.1; 95%, CI 1.35-3.14). The relation with breast cancer, suggested in some previous epidemiological studies, was not confirmed (RRs 1.01; 95% CI, 0.81-1.26). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The present meta-analysis, the first on scleroderma and cancer risk, provides definite evidence of a significant association between scleroderma and cancer. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Treatment-Independent Pregnancy among Infertile Couples
Authors: John A. Collins, William Wrixon, Lynn B. Janes, Elaine H. Wilson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

We analyzed a two- to seven-year follow-up of 1145 infertile couples to determine the frequency of pregnancy occurring independently of treatment. Pregnancy occurred in 246 of 597 treated couples (41 per cent) and in 191 of 548 untreated couples (35 per cent). Thirty-one per cent of the pregnancies in treated couples occurred more than 3 months after the last medical treatment or more than 12 months after adnexal surgery. These pregnancies plus the 191 pregnancies in untreated couples constituted the category of "treatment-independent pregnancies" and accounted for 61 per cent of all pregnancies; for 44 per cent of those among couples with ovulation deficiency; for 61 per cent of those in couples with endometriosis, tubal defects, or seminal deficiencies; and for 96 per cent of those in couples with cervical factors or idiopathic infertility. We conclude that the potential for a spontaneous cure of infertility is high, that treatment for many classes of infertility should be evaluated by randomized clinical trials, and that in such trials random assignment of subjects to untreated control groups would be ethically acceptable. (N Engl J Med 1983; 309:1201–6.)
P649 HIGH VIPERIN mRNA EXPRESSION IN THE LIVER IS PREDICTIVE OF HDVRNA LOSS IN HBV/DELTA CO-INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: I. Carey, S.A. Hughes, D. Shang, K. Childs, M. Bruce, M. Horner, I. Fletcher, D. Joshi, P.M. Harrison, K. Agarwal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)