tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-009 The utility of routine chromoendoscopy for detection of dysplastic lesions during surveillance colonoscopy in patients with colonic inflammatory bowel disease. does research translate to clinical practice?
Authors: N Mohammed, U Javaid, R Thethi, P Luthra, J Hamlin, B Rembacken, V Subramanian
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Dysplasia in colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often multifocal and flat. Chromoendoscopy (CE) has been shown in prospective studies to improve dysplasia detection rates by improving the ability to detect subtle mucosal changes.<sup>1</sup>The utility of CE in dysplasia detection in patients with IBD during routine clinical practice has not been reported so far. We aimed to compare the yield of dysplastic lesions detected by CE with standard white light endoscopy (WLE). <h3>Method</h3> Retrospective cohort study of patients with long standing (&gt;7 years) colonic IBD undergoing surveillance colonoscopy at Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust between January 2012 to December 2013. Details of diagnosis, duration of disease and outcomes of the colonoscopy were collected from the endoscopy database, electronic patient records and patient notes. <h3>Results</h3> There were 120 colonoscopies in the CE group and 220 colonoscopies in the WLE group. The groups were well matched for all demographic variables. 27 dysplastic lesions were detected in 20 patients in the CE group and 9 dysplastic lesions were detected in 6 patients in the WLE group. All the lesions were detected on targeted biopsy and harboured low grade dysplasia. The adjusted prevalence ratio (on a per patient basis) for detecting any dysplastic lesion was 4.6 (95% CI 1.6–13.7) in favour of CE. <h3>Conclusion</h3> CE colonoscopy improves detection of dysplastic lesions during surveillance colonoscopy of patients with colonic IBD even in routine clinical practice, confirming data from prospective trials. CE should be the standard of care for all IBD surveillance procedures as advocated by both BSG and ECCO guidelines. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Subramanian V, Mannath J, Ragunath K, <i>et al</i>. Meta-analysis: the diagnostic yield of chromoendoscopy for detecting dysplasia in patients with colonic inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;33(3):304–12
In vivo interleukin-1 (IL-1) administration indirectly promotes type II IL-1 receptor expression on hematopoietic bone marrow cells: novel mechanism for the hematopoietic effects of IL-1
Authors: CM Dubois, FW Ruscetti, JR Keller, JJ Oppenheim, K Hestdal, R Chizzonite, R Neta
Journal: Blood (1991)
Changes in Expression of Genes Representing Key Biologic Processes after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer, and Prognostic Implications in Residual Disease
Authors: Marie Klintman, Richard Buus, Maggie Chon U. Cheang, Amna Sheri, Ian E. Smith, Mitch Dowsett
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Purpose: The primary aim was to derive evidence for or against the clinical importance of several biologic processes in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) by assessing expression of selected genes with prior implications in prognosis or treatment resistance. The secondary aim was to determine the prognostic impact in residual disease of the genes' expression. Experimental Design: Expression levels of 24 genes were quantified by NanoString nCounter on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded residual tumors from 126 patients treated with NAC and 56 paired presurgical biopsies. The paired t test was used for testing changes in gene expression, and Cox regression and penalized elastic-net Cox Regression for estimating HRs. Results: After NAC, 12 genes were significantly up- and 8 downregulated. Fourteen genes were significantly associated with time to recurrence in univariable analysis in residual disease. In a multivariable model, ACACB, CD3D, MKI67, and TOP2A added prognostic value independent of clinical ER−, PgR−, and HER2− status. In ER+/HER2− patients, ACACB, PAWR, and ERBB2 predicted outcome, whereas CD3D and PAWR were prognostic in ER−/HER2− patients. By use of elastic-net analysis, a 6-gene signature (ACACB, CD3D, DECORIN, ESR1, MKI67, PLAU) was identified adding prognostic value independent of ER, PgR, and HER2. Conclusions: Most of the tested genes were significantly enriched or depleted in response to NAC. Expression levels of genes representing proliferation, stromal activation, metabolism, apoptosis, stemcellness, immunologic response, and Ras–ERK activation predicted outcome in residual disease. The multivariable gene models identified could, if validated, be used to identify patients needing additional post-neoadjuvant treatment to improve prognosis. Clin Cancer Res; 22(10); 2405–16. ©2016 AACR.
Phase I study of temsirolimus (CCI-779), carboplatin, and paclitaxel in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors: NCIC CTG IND 179
Authors: A. M. Oza, C. Kollmannsberger, H. Hirte, S. Welch, L. Siu, J. Mazurka, J. Sederias, L. A. Doyle, E. Eisenhauer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

3558 Background: Temsirolimus (T) has encouraging activity in many malignancies, including endometrial cancer and a combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel would logical regimen for further development. This trial was designed to assess the safety and tolerability of this combination and expand experience at the recommended dose in pts with endometrial and ovarian cancers. Methods: A 3+3 dose escalation Phase I study has been conducted in pts with advanced solid malignancies suitable for carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy who had not received more than 2 prior lines of chemotherapy. To date, 31 eligible pts with a median age of 59 have been treated and 27 are evaluable for toxicity. Pts were entered in 6 dose levels, with the first two levels administering T on Days 8 and 15 and the next 4 levels switching to a D1, 8 administration. Eighteen had received prior chemotherapy and 15 prior radiation. Results: Day 8, 15 administration of T was not feasible due to myelosuppression on day 15. The combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel on day 1 with T on D1 and 8 has been well tolerated, and patients have received a median of 5 cycles of therapy. At dose level 6 (T 25 mg D1 and 8, paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 D1, carboplatin AUC 6 D1) dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was seen in one of 6 pts treated to date (Gr 4 thrombocytopenia) and a second pt had a possible DLT ( Gr 3 fatigue in presence of baseline fatigue). This dose level is being expanded in 4 endometrial and ovarian cancer pts. The regimen is active: of the 26 patients with follow-up data, there have been 10 with partial response (38.5%; med. duration 7.1 mo [1.0–12.7]) and 12 with stable disease (46%; med. duration 6.9 mo [1.3- 7.8]). One patient had progressive disease and three were inevaluable. Conclusions: The results indicate this combination is well tolerated and requires additional assessment in a Phase II setting. The recommended Phase II dose will be dose level 6 provided no further DLTs are observed in the additional 4 patients entered. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The Clinical and Pathological Significance of Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and Human Antigen Receptor (Hur) Expression in Non Small Cell Lung Cancers
Authors: N.G. Tsoukalas, C. Giaginis, P. Alexandrou, M. Tolia, E. Bournakis, A. Papakostidi, I. Sfiniadakis, N. Kavantzas, E. Agapitos, E. Patsouris, S. Theocharis
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Intensified Chemotherapy for Older Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): A Phase II Study from the Dana Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) ALL Consortium
Authors: Amir T. Fathi, Daniel J DeAngelo, Kristen E. Stevenson, Jonathan E. Kolitz, Julie D. Asch, Philip C. Amrein, Eyal C. Attar, David P. Steensma, Martha Wadleigh, Christine Connolly, Ilene Galinsky, Richard M. Stone, Donna S. Neuberg, Karen K. Ballen
Journal: Blood (2014)
Reduced Incidence of Chikungunya Virus Infection in Communities with Ongoing<i>Aedes Aegypti</i>Mosquito Trap Intervention Studies — Salinas and Guayama, Puerto Rico, November 2015–February 2016
Authors: Olga D. Lorenzi, Chelsea Major, Veronica Acevedo, Janice Perez-Padilla, Aidsa Rivera, Brad J. Biggerstaff, Jorge Munoz-Jordan, Stephen Waterman, Roberto Barrera, Tyler M. Sharp
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

Aedes species mosquitoes transmit chikungunya virus, as well as dengue and Zika viruses, and bite most often during the day.* Infectious mosquito bites frequently occur in and around homes (1,2). Caribbean countries first reported local transmission of chikungunya virus in December 2013, and soon after, chikungunya virus spread throughout the Americas (3). Puerto Rico reported its first laboratory-positive chikungunya case in May 2014 (4), and subsequently identified approximately 29,000 suspected cases throughout the island by the end of 2015.(†) Because conventional vector control approaches often fail to result in effective and sustainable prevention of infection with viruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes (5), and to improve surveillance of mosquito population densities, CDC developed an Autocidal Gravid Ovitrap (AGO) (6) to attract and capture the female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes responsible for transmission of infectious agents to humans (Figure). The AGO trap is a simple, low-cost device that requires no use of pesticides and no servicing for an extended period of time (6).
Beyond knockout: A novel homodimerization-targeting MyD88 inhibitor prevents and cures type 1 diabetes in NOD mice
Authors: Xue Zhang, Shuai Xing, Mingqiang Li, Limin Zhang, Lin Xie, Wentao He, Jianhua Liu, Sheng Chang, Fengchao Jiang, Ping Zhou
Journal: Metabolism (2016)
Huge potential from putting public health into local government is being lost in the implementation
Authors: Jeremy P Wight
Journal: BMJ (2016)

In their welcome editorial, Devakumar and colleagues repeat the mantra that “public health budgets were initially ringfenced.”1 This was not strictly the case. Although the public health grant itself was ring fenced, wider council public health budgets were not. All councils previously spent money on public health, and given the huge budget pressures, it was …
P0130 : VITRO-Score (vWF-Ag/thrombocytes) predicts mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis independent of child-pugh stage and meld score
Authors: A. Maieron, S. Hametner, A. Etschmaier, R. Schöfl, A. Ziachehabi, A. Ferlitsch
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Data Sharing and Inductive Learning — Toward Healthy Birth, Growth, and Development
Authors: N. L’ntshotsholé Jumbe, Jeffrey C. Murray, Steven Kern
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

The Healthy Birth, Growth, and Development–Knowledge Integration initiative is creating a knowledge base of maternal and child health data from 420 clinical and population survey studies in 50 countries, aiming for better interventions for at-risk children.
UK Supreme Court backs GP who refused to pay £10 000 compensation to patient’s widow
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The Northern Ireland complaints commissioner was acting beyond his powers when he recommended that a GP give the widow of a patient who died from a heart attack a consolatory payment of £10 000, the United Kingdom’s Supreme Court has ruled.

The unnamed GP apologised but refused to pay the £10 000, even though the commissioner threatened to lay a special report about the case before the Northern Ireland Assembly if he failed to pay.

The GP mounted a legal challenge to the commissioner’s decision, which initially failed but was successful in the Northern Ireland Court of Appeal in 2014. The appeal court judges …
Using Gait Speed to Refine Risk Assessment in Older Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Brian R. Lindman, Michael W. Rich
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2016)

Jonathan Afilalo, MD, MSc; Sunghee Kim, PhD; Sean O’Brien, PhD; J. Matthew Brennan, MD, MPH; Fred H. Edwards, MD; Michael J. Mack, MD; James B. McClurken, MD; Joseph C. Cleveland Jr, MD; Peter K. Smith, MD; David M. Shahian, MD; Karen P. Alexander, MD
Predictors of Hypertension in Ibcsg 18-98 / Big 1-98: Adjuvant Therapy for Postmenopausal Women with Hormone Receptor-Positive, Early Breast Cancer
Authors: M. Rabaglio-Poretti, A. Giobbie-Hurder, B. Thürlimann, M. Regan, B. Ejlertsen, M. Debled, M. Colleoni, A. Goldhirsch, A. Coates, R.D. Gelber
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Tumor suppressor TNFAIP3 (A20) is frequently deleted in Sézary syndrome
Authors: F C M Braun, P Grabarczyk, M Möbs, F K Braun, J Eberle, M Beyer, W Sterry, F Busse, J Schröder, M Delin, G K Przybylski, C A Schmidt
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Frontline Treatment With Imatinib Mesylate in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients in Early Chronic Phase: a Very Long-Term Analysis by the GIMEMA CML Working Party
Authors: Fausto Castagnetti, Gabriele Gugliotta, Massimo Breccia, Giorgina Specchia, Tamara Intermesoli, Adele Capucci, Bruno Martino, Mario Tiribelli, Gianni Binotto, Elisabetta Abruzzese, Fabio Stagno, Pietro Leoni, Dario Ferrero, Filippo Gherlinzoni, Francesca Palandri, Claudia Venturi, Maria Teresa Bochicchio, Simona Soverini, Giuliana Alimena, Giovanni Martinelli, Fabrizio Pane, Giuseppe Saglio, Michele Cavo, Michele Baccarani, Gianantonio Rosti
Journal: Blood (2013)
The bronchiectasis severity index and FACED score for bronchiectasis
Authors: Wei-jie Guan, Rong-chang Chen, Nan-shan Zhong
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

Bronchiectasis is a chronic airway disease which is associated with cough, sputum production, haemoptysis and/or other distressing symptoms, resulting from various aetiologies [1–4]. The vicious cycle, which consists of airway infection, airway inflammation and structural damage, predominates in the pathogenesis and progression of bronchiectasis [5]. Despite the disappointingly limited number of effective treatment approaches and evidence-based management recommendations, it is imperative to evaluate disease severity meticulously so that better therapeutic outcomes can be achieved. The BSI and FACED scores have complementary roles in the assessment of the severity of bronchiectasis <http://ow.ly/Ui7IB>
“Pseudoprogression” of Pulmonary Pleomorphic Carcinoma during Nivolumab Therapy
Authors: Kentaro Ito, Osamu Hataji, Koji Katsuta, Tetsu Kobayashi, Esteban C. Gabazza, Yasushi Yatabe, Osamu Taguchi, Nobuyuki Yamamoto
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)
Laryngeal response patterns influence the efficacy of mechanical assisted cough in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Tiina Andersen, Astrid Sandnes, Anne Kristine Brekka, Magnus Hilland, Hege Clemm, Ove Fondenes, Ole-Bjørn Tysnes, John-Helge Heimdal, Thomas Halvorsen, Maria Vollsæter, Ola Drange Røksund
Journal: Thorax (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> Most patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are treated with mechanical insufflation–exsufflation (MI-E) in order to improve cough. This method often fails in ALS with bulbar involvement, allegedly due to upper-airway malfunction. We have studied this phenomenon in detail with laryngoscopy to unravel information that could lead to better treatment. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a cross-sectional study of 20 patients with ALS and 20 healthy age-matched and sex-matched volunteers. We used video-recorded flexible transnasal fibre-optic laryngoscopy during MI-E undertaken according to a standardised protocol, applying pressures of ±20 to ±50 cm H<sub>2</sub>O. Laryngeal movements were assessed from video files. ALS type and characteristics of upper and lower motor neuron symptoms were determined. <h3>Results</h3> At the supraglottic level, all patients with ALS and bulbar symptoms (n=14) adducted their laryngeal structures during insufflation. At the glottic level, initial abduction followed by subsequent adduction was observed in all patients with ALS during insufflation and exsufflation. Hypopharyngeal constriction during exsufflation was observed in all subjects, most prominently in patients with ALS and bulbar symptoms. Healthy subjects and patients with ALS and no bulbar symptoms (n=6) coordinated their cough well during MI-E. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Laryngoscopy during ongoing MI-E in patients with ALS and bulbar symptoms revealed laryngeal adduction especially during insufflation but also during exsufflation, thereby severely compromising the size of the laryngeal inlet in some patients. Individually customised settings can prevent this and thereby improve and extend the use of non-invasive MI-E.
Loxosceles intermedia spider envenomation induces activation of an endogenous metalloproteinase, resulting in cleavage of glycophorins from the erythrocyte surface and facilitating complement-mediated lysis
Authors: Denise V. Tambourgi, B. Paul Morgan, Rute M. G. de Andrade, Fábio C. Magnoli, Carmen W. van den Berg
Journal: Blood (2000)
Abstract 053: Gene Expression Signatures of Tobacco Exposure
Authors: Roby Joehanes, Sai-xia Ying, Andrew D Johnson, George T O’Connor, Dawn L DeMeo, Christopher J O’Donnell, Peter J Munson, Daniel Levy
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is a cardinal risk factor of coronary heart disease (CHD), yet its gene expression signatures are not well characterized. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that cigarette smoking disturbs expression signatures of many genes, some of which may have long-term implications. Methods: To that end, we analyzed whole-blood gene expression of 2,446 Framingham Heart Study participants (204 current, 1,460 former, and 782 never smokers) and compared gene expression signatures of current vs. never smokers, and former vs. never smokers, adjusting for sex, age, and familial relationship. Smoking status based on self-reported longitudinal data collected over the span of 37 years of observation. P-value and false discovery rate (FDR) were computed for each gene. Results: At FDR&lt;0.05, 1,602 genes were significant in current vs. never smokers. These genes were associated with many pathways, including immune response, response to stress, blood coagulation, platelet activation, and apoptosis. Of the differentially expressed genes, 112 were also associated with smoking in the San Antonio Family Heart Study. At FDR&lt;0.05, 3 genes were significant in former vs. never smokers. These three genes are among the 1,602 genes for current vs. never smokers. Conclusions: Gene expression analysis of current vs. never smokers reveals molecular signatures of tobacco exposure. The differentially expressed genes reflect pathways previously implicated in CHD. Gene expression analysis of former vs. never smokers reveals long-term persisting molecular signatures of tobacco exposure. Table. Top 5 genes in current vs. never smokers and in former vs. never smokers.
Two New Diet–Heart Studies
Authors: David H. Blankenhorn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

IN this issue of the Journal, a study of the composition of the diet found it to be a significant factor influencing mortality from coronary heart disease among Irish Bostonians as compared with their brothers in Ireland.1 In a second study reported in this issue, a vegetarian diet low in cholesterol but high in polyunsaturated fat arrested the progression of coronary lesions measured by angiography in 18 of 39 Dutch patients with stable angina pectoris.2 The Ireland–Boston study indicates that reduced coronary mortality is associated with a low intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol and a high intake . . .
Penicillin in the Treatment of Bronchiectasis
Authors: I. D. Bobrowitz, James S. Edlin, Sydney Bassin, J. Stanley Woolley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

REPORTS on the use of penicillin in the treatment of pleural and pulmonary suppurative conditions are appearing in increasing numbers. A favorable response has been achieved in acute pneumonitis1 2 3 4 and pulmonary abscess.2 , 3 The best effects have been obtained in infections caused by streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci and actinomyces, and the poorest in those with mixed anaerobic bacteria. These cases were treated by intravenous or intramuscular administration of the drug. Penicillin has also been utilized satisfactorily in hemothorax to prevent infection.2 , 5 Acute pyogenic empyemas have been cleared of organisms and the toxemia prevented or reduced2 , 4 5 6 by aspiration of chest fluid and the . . .
The Idea (International Duration Evaluation of Adjuvant Chemotherapy) Collaboration: a Prospective Pooled Non-Inferiority Analysis of &gt; 11,500 Patients from 6 Phase III Trials of Adjuvant Therapy Duration with Folfox (Folfox4 or Mfolfox6) or Xelox (3 Vs. 6 Months) for Stage III Colon Cancer
Authors: D.J. Sargent, J. Paul, A. Sobrero, T. André, A.F. Shields, T. Yoshino, I. Souglakos, T. Iveson, R. Labianca, J. Taieb, J. Meyerhardt, A. Ohtsu, A. Grothey
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Events After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Chi-Hang Lee, Rishi Sethi, Ruogu Li, Hee-Hwa Ho, Thet Hein, Man-Hong Jim, Germaine Loo, Chieh-Yang Koo, Xiao-Fei Gao, Sharad Chandra, Xiao-Xiao Yang, Sofia F. Furlan, Zhen Ge, Ajeya Mundhekar, Wei-Wei Zhang, Carlos Henrique G. Uchôa, Rajiv Bharat Kharwar, Po-Fun Chan, Shao-Liang Chen, Mark Y. Chan, Arthur Mark Richards, Huay-Cheem Tan, Thun-How Ong, Glenn Roldan, Bee-Choo Tai, Luciano F. Drager, Jun-Jie Zhang
Journal: Circulation (2016)

There is a paucity of data from large cohort studies examining the prognostic significance of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with coronary artery disease. We hypothesized that OSA predicts subsequent major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.The Sleep and Stent Study was a prospective, multicenter registry of patients successfully treated with percutaneous coronary intervention in 5 countries. Between December 2011 and April 2014, 1748 eligible patients were prospectively enrolled. The 1311 patients who completed a sleep study within 7 days of percutaneous coronary intervention formed the cohort for this analysis. Drug-eluting stents were used in 80.1% and bioresorbable vascular scaffolds in 6.3% of the patients, and OSA, defined as an apnea-hypopnea index of ≥15 events per hour, was found in 45.3%. MACCEs, a composite of cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and unplanned revascularization, occurred in 141 patients during the median follow-up of 1.9 years (interquartile range, 0.8 years). The crude incidence of an MACCEs was higher in the OSA than the non-OSA group (3-year estimate, 18.9% versus 14.0%; p=0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that OSA was a predictor of MACCEs, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.57 (95% confidence interval, 1.10-2.24; P=0.013), independently of age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension.OSA is independently associated with subsequent MACCEs in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Evaluation of therapeutic approaches to mitigate OSA-associated risk is warranted.URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01306526.