tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Councils face a 500m shortfall in funding social care for older people
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Councils in England are facing a total funding gap of £500m (€600m; $785m) this year on spending for older people’s social care.

A new report published by the charity Age UK paints a bleak picture of local authorities struggling with increasingly inadequate levels of funding, combined with soaring need.

The figures show that a £341m reduction in older people’s social care budgets this financial year, equivalent to a 4.5% cut, has created the half a billion shortfall. To maintain the same levels of service as in 2010, the report says, the government needs to spend at least £7.8bn this year. However, it shows that councils have budgeted for a spend of only £7.3bn in the face …
PWE-189 Sglt3A and Glp-1 Display a Diurnal Rhymicity of Mrna Expression in Mouse Proximal small Bowel
Authors: R Hewett, P O’Brien, C Corpe
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> A diurnal cycle is one that recurs every 24 hours. Many physiological processes such as blood sugar levels exhibit diurnal variation. Such processes are under the control of central and peripheral clock genes that have an endogenous rhythmicity, but are entrained (synchronised) by external light and food input cues. Diurnal rhythmicity of gene expression has previously been described in intestinal nutrient/energy transporters such as Sodium Glucose co- transporter-1 (SGLT-1) and Glucose transporter 5 (GLUT-5). SGLT-1 mediates the glucose induced release of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and therefore has an additional sugar sensing role. Mouse SGLT-3a does not transport sugar and is thus postulated to be purely a sugar sensor. SGLT- 3a, GLP-1 or GIP have not previously been demonstrated to have a diurnal rhythmicity of expression. <h3>Methods</h3> Sixteen C57BL/6J mice were fed ad libitum under conditions of 12-hour light/dark cycles. Half the animals were randomly euthanized in the morning and half were euthanized in the evening. Duodenal and jejunal tissues were isolated from the carcasses and messenger RNA (mRNA) extracted. Complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesised from mRNA and underwent real-time (quantitative) PCR. Expression levels for each gene were expressed as a ratio to two housekeeping genes (HMBS and HPRT-1) Relative quantification of gene expression was done using the comparative CT (2-∆∆CT) method. <h3>Results</h3> In keeping with previous studies the sugar transporters GLUT-5 and SGLT-1 (p &lt; 0.005) and the clock genes Cry- 2 and Bmal-1 (p &lt; 0.01) displayed a diurnal rhythmicity of expression in both tissues. For the first time SGLT-3a was shown to display a marked (more than double) up-regulation of mRNA expression in the evening compared to the morning in both duodenum and jejunum (p &lt; 0.005). GLP-1 exhibited approximately twice the levels of expression in the evening than in the morning but this was not statistically significant. GIP failed to show any diurnal rhythmicity of expression. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Demonstrated for the first time was a diurnal rhythmicity of SGLT-3a and GLP-1 expression. It is postulated that sugar sensing by SGLT-3a has an important role in mediating beneficial downstream sequelae such as gut peptide hormone release. Dysregulation of such mechanisms may play important roles in metabolic diseases such as diabetes. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
AB0687 The Frequency of Low Bone Mineral Density in Enteropaty Arthritis
Authors: C. Deliu, P. Ciurea, C. Criveanu, F. Vreju, T. Ciurea
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Metabolic bone disease is common in patients with enteropaty arthritis. <h3>Objectives</h3> The objective of our study was to determine the frequency of bone loss among patients with enteropathy arthritis and possible contributing risk. <h3>Methods</h3> In collaboration with Gastroenterology Clinic all enteropaty arthiritis (Chron9s disease and ulcerative colitis) diagnosed from January 2011 to December 2013 were included in the study. Low bone mass, osteopenia, and osteoporosis were defined according to the WHO guidelines. Case notes and bone mass density results were carefully reviewed for demographic and clinical data. <h3>Results</h3> Study has included 28 enteropaty arthitis patients; 40% had Crohn9s disease and 60% had ulcerative colitis. The average age was 32.4±12.1 years. Using T-scores, the frequency of osteopenia was 49.28%, and the frequency of osteoporosis was 32.48% at both lumbar spine and proximal femur. Only 24.6% of patients exhibited a bone mass density within the normal range. Our results revealed a positive correlation between the Z-score in both the lumbar spine and the proximal femur and body mass index (P=0.039 and P=0.016, respectively). On regression analysis body mass index, age, and calcium supplementation were found to be the most important independent predictors of bone mass density. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Body mass index and age were the most important independent predictors of low bone mass density. Patients with enteropaty arthitis are at an increased risk of low bone mass density and the frequency of decreased bone mass density in patients with Crohn9s disease and ulcerative colitis were similar. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5366
Involvement of the Ileum in Chronic Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Fred J. McCready, J. Arnold Bargen, Malcolm B. Dockerty, John M. Waugh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE fact that extension of the inflammatory process to the terminal portion of the ileum occurs in patients with chronic ulcerative colitis is fairly well known, but it has not received sufficient emphasis. The ileocecal valve does not limit the progress of the lesions of ulcerative colitis into the terminal part of the ileum any more than it prevents secondary involvement of the colon from the ileum in cases of regional enteritis. The type of chronic ulcerative colitis that begins in the rectum and spreads orad may in many cases extend into the terminal part of the ileum; it may . . .
The F-18 FDG PET Findings of a Thymic Infarct in a Patient With Acute Chest Pain
Authors: Bom Sahn Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Thymic infarcts are rare, and mainly occur following an occlusive event of stromal vessels. Distinguishing thymic infarcts from anterior mediastinal masses is important due to different treatment plans and prognoses. We describe an unusual case of a thymic infarct in a patient with the sudden onset of chest pain. In this case, FDG PET revealed central photon defects with uptake in a peri-rim-shaped lesion in the anterior mediastinum. A chest CT showed a poorly marginated anterior mediastinal mass with a small calcified lesion. An anterior mediastinal mass resection was performed. The histopathologic finding was a thymoma with an infarction.
Abstract C1: GLI1 induces CD133 expression in xenografts derived from transformed astrocytes but not in cultured cells: Extrinsic control of CD133 expression in gliomas
Authors: Ken Sasai, Miho Nodagashira, Shinya Tanaka
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Overexpression of transcription factors is often observed in malignant gliomas and the roles of such factors in tumor malignancy have been widely investigated. However, the contribution of glioma-related transcription factors to tumor initiation are largely unclear, as the majority of brain tumor studies have employed glioma-derived cell lines, which recapitulate only a subset of late-stage human tumors. In contrast to tumor-derived cell lines, which harbor numerous undefined genetic elements, normal human cells allow us to generate experimental models of human cancers by direct manipulation with defined genetic elements. Here we demonstrate that the introduction of GLI1 is sufficient for immortalized human astrocytes to be transformed whereas FOXM1 fails to induce oncogenic transformation, suggesting that GLI1, but not FOXM1, directly contributes to gliomagenesis despite both transcription factors being overexpressed in malignant gliomas. While GLI1-transformed astrocytes have the ability to form tumors in nude mice, the oncogenic potential of GLI1 is subtle compared to the active form of H-RAS. To obtain insights into the mechanisms underlying less malignant features of GLI1-transformed astrocytes, expression of inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases in xenografts were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. We found that p27KIP1-positive cells were frequently observed in xenografts derived from GLI1-transformed astrocytes (GLI1-xenografts) compared to those from RAS-transformed cells (RAS-xenografts): more than 60% of cells were positive for p27KIP1-staining in GLI1-xenografts whereas only ∼20% in RAS-xenografts. We also made an interesting observation that CD133-positive cells were frequently detected in GLI1-xenografts whereas they were rarely seen in RAS-xenografts. The biological relevance and regulatory mechanisms of CD133 expression in human glioma are not completely understood although the use of CD133 as a marker to sort and enrich for brain tumor stem cells is common. Since GLI1 failed to induce CD133 expression in cultured astrocytes, it is possible that additional factors present in vivo and absent in culture might collaborate with GLI1 to modulate CD133 expression and that tumor microenvironment might contribute to maintenance of brain tumor stem cells. We propose that GLI1-tranformed astrocytes may prove to be useful tools as we strive to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying CD133 expression in gliomas as well as maintenance of brain tumor stem cells. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):C1.
SHORTER TELOMERE LENGTH IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER LEVELS OF CIRCULATING PROGENITOR CELLS
Authors: Muhammad Hammadah, Ibhar Al Mheid, Malik Obideen, Naser Abdelhadi, Kobina Wilmot, Ronnie Ramadan, Ayman Alkhoder, Pratik M. Pimple, Shuyang Fang, Mosaab Awad, Oleksiy Levantsevych, Heval Mohamed Kelli, Yasir Bouchi, Nancy Murrah, Amit Shah, Ernest Garcia, Elizabeth Blackburn, Yan Sun, Jinying Zhao, Jue Lin, Jinhee Kim, Edmund Waller, Paolo Raggi, Viola Vaccarino, Arshed Quyyumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
FRI0323 The association of fat mass and skeletal muscle mass with knee OA: The neo study
Authors: W. Visser, M. den Heijer, M. Reijnierse, R. de Mutsert, F. Rosendaal, M. Kloppenburg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Body mass index (BMI) is an important risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (OA), but BMI depends only upon height and weight and gives no insight in underlying causal pathways. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate whether the association of BMI and OA can be explained by the amount and proportion of fat mass (FM) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM), and whether it differs between women and men. <h3>Methods</h3> Participants of the NEO (Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity) study, a population-based cohort of individuals aged 45-65 years with a BMI ≥27 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, were used. BMI was assessed by measured weight and length. FM and SMM were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. MR imaging of the right knee was performed on 1.5T (Philips, Best, The Netherlands) using a standard knee protocol. Osteophytes were scored according to the Knee Osteoarthritis Score System in nine compartments. Osteophytes were graded from 0 (absent) to 3 (severe). A total score was calculated for each individual, a score of at least 5 was considered as OA. Associations of BMI, FM and SMM with OA were analyzed using logistic regression analyses, stratified for sex and adjusted for age. <h3>Results</h3> After exclusion of participants with known rheumatic diseases other than OA (n=42), 487 participants were analyzed. Median age was 56 years and 54% was female. Median BMI was 30.3 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (IQR 28.5-33.3), FM 33.6 kg (IQR 27.6-42.2) and SMM 28.0 kg (IQR 22.9-34.2). As expected, BMI, FM and SMM were strongly correlated. OA was present in 39% of individuals. In both women and men, BMI was associated with OA, OR 1.09 (95% CI 1.02-1.15) and OR 1.12 (95% CI 1.02-1.22) respectively. FM was associated in both sexes as well, OR 1.04 (95% CI 1.02-1.07) and OR 1.05 (95% CI 1.01-1.08) respectively. SMM was associated with OA in women only, OR 1.14 (95% CI 1.05-1.24). In a multivariate analysis with BMI, FM and SMM in women, the OR for SMM changed to 1.09 (95% CI 1.00-1.94); the associations with BMI and FM were not significant in this analysis. In the multivariate analysis in men, no significant association of BMI, FM or SMM with OA was found. <h3>Conclusions</h3> BMI and FM were associated with OA in both women and men. Multivariate analysis suggests that FM is mediating the association of BMI with OA. In women, SMM was associated with OA independently of BMI and FM, suggesting that SMM has an additional effect on OA in women. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> W. Visser Grant/Research support from: Dutch Arthritis Association, Leiden University, Leiden University Medical Center, M. den Heijer: None Declared, M. Reijnierse: None Declared, R. de Mutsert: None Declared, F. Rosendaal: None Declared, M. Kloppenburg: None Declared
Elevated F-18 FDG Uptake in Laryngeal Muscles Mimicking Thyroid Cancer Metastases
Authors: ZHAOHUI ZHU, CHIEN CHOU, TZU-CHEN YEN, RUIXUE CUI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) has been used to evaluate early-stage larynx cancer and metastases of thyroid cancer. However, elevated F-18 FDG uptake in laryngeal muscles may lead to misinterpretation. In this report, three patients with thyroid cancer are described who had thyroid surgery 2 months to 1 year before F-18 FDG positron emission tomographic imaging. Various degrees of moderate to intense uptake were observed in their laryngeal regions. In one patient, this was caused by laryngeal muscle uptake. To determine the origin of the increased muscle uptake in the other two patients, the authors analyzed the position and shape of the foci of high uptake in light of the patients’ clinical histories and other imaging results.
Abstract 2492: Integrated genomics on molecular subgroups in medulloblastoma
Authors: Marcel Kool, David T.W. Jones, Marc Remke, Nathalie Jaeger, Andrey Korshunov, Maria Schlanstein, Paul A. Northcott, Netteke Schouten van Meeteren, Dannis van Vuurden, Steven C Clifford, Torsten Pietsch, Andre O. Von Bueren, Stefan Rutkowski, Yoon-Jae Cho, Martin McCabe, Peter Collins, Christine Haberler, David Ellison, Richard Gilbertson, Scott Pomeroy, Francois Doz, Olivier Delattre, Michael D. Taylor, Peter Lichter, Stefan M. Pfister
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in childhood. Molecular studies from several groups around the world demonstrated that medulloblastoma is not one disease but comprises a collection of distinct molecular subgroups. However, all these studies reported on different numbers of subgroups. The current consensus is that there are only four major subgroups, which are now called WNT, SHH, Group 3 and Group 4. A better understanding of each of these molecular subtypes is urgently warranted to improve treatment strategies and the overall survival of patients and ultimately also the quality of life for those that survive medulloblastoma. We used the data of seven independent studies on medulloblastoma for further characterization of these molecular subtypes. All cases (n = 550) were analyzed by expression profiling and for most cases SNP or array-CGH data were available. Data are presented for all medulloblastomas together and for each subgroup separately. For validation purposes we compared the results of this meta-analysis with another large medulloblastoma cohort (n = 408) for which subgroup information was obtained by immunohistochemistry. Results from both cohorts are highly similar and show how distinct the molecular subtypes are with respect to their transcriptome, DNA copy number aberrations, demographics, and survival. Interestingly, the data also showed how different medulloblastomas are between infants, children and adults. In infants, for instance, almost all medulloblastomas are classified as SHH or Group 3, whereas in adults most medulloblastomas are of the SHH subtype and almost never of Group 3. Recent next generation sequencing data (whole genome and exome) generated in our laboratory for a large series of pediatric and adult medulloblastomas show that the spectrum of genetic mutations is also very different, not only between the molecular subtypes, but also between the different age categories. All these data clearly show that medulloblastoma is not one disease. Results from these molecular analyses will form the basis for prospective multi-center studies and will have an impact on how the different variants of medulloblastoma will be treated in the future. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2492. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2492
New Frontiers in Cancer Research Revealed at ASCO
Authors: E. Blume, F. X. Mahaney
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article New Frontiers in Cancer Research Revealed at ASCO Get access Elaine Blume, Elaine Blume Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Francis X. Mahaney, Jr. Francis X. Mahaney, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 12, 19 June 1991, Pages 821–822, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.12.821 Published: 19 June 1991
OT2-04-03: Uptake of a Randomized Breast Cancer Prevention Trial Comparing Letrozole to Placebo in BRCA1/2 Mutations Carriers: The FNCLCC ONCO-03/LIBER Trial.
Authors: P Pujol, C Lasset, P Berthet, C Dugast, S Delaloge, JP Fricker, Buffet N Chabbert, J Lemonnier, L Roca, S Mijonnet, K Baudry, AL Martin
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Women with germline BRCA1or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) mutations are an extreme risk population for developing breast cancer, with a life-time risk of 56–80%. Prophylactic mastectomy provides a valid option to reduce such risk, but it considerably affects the quality of life. Medical prevention by aromatase inhibitor that has been recently shown to have preventive effect may thus be an alternative. LIBER is an ongoing, double-blind, randomized phase III trial to evaluate the efficacy of five-years letrozole versus placebo to decrease breast cancer incidence in post-menopausal BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (NCT00673335). We present data on the uptake of this trial. Methods: To evaluate theoretical feasibility, we compared inclusion criteria of women in the LIBER trial (n=113) to characteristics of women entered in the prospective ongoing national GENEPSO cohort (n=1505). Uptake was evaluated through a survey sent to all active centres, with responses obtained from 17 of the 20 (85%) centres. Results: According to characteristics of the women included in GENEPSO cohort (n=1505) and the survey, approximately one third of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers are eligible for this study. From november 2009 to may 2010, 534 women eligible from chart review have been informed by mail of the trial and were invited to an oral information by participating centres. Of them, 44% of women came to the dedicated medical visit. Uptake of drug prevention trial was 32 % of orally informed women and 15 % of overall eligible women. Main reasons of refusal were: potential side effects, probability to receive the placebo and lack of support from the women's physicians. Prior prophylactic oophorectomy and history ***of previous unilateral breast cancer were more frequent in women enrolled in the ONCO-03/LIBER trial than in the French cohort (93% versus 60% and 50 % versus 39 %, respectively), suggesting a higher motivation for medical prevention in these subgroups of patients. Conclusion: One third of women with a BRCA1/2 mutation are eligible to the ONCO-03/LIBER prevention trial. 32 % of orally informed women and, only 15% of overall eligible women entered the trial. To reach accrual objective (n=308), a greater information of the trial should be offered to women with BRCA1/2 mutation and the trial has been proposed to other countries. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-04-03.
Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder in Patients Receiving Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Robert L. Wall, Kathryn P. Clausen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Hemorrhagic cystitis is a common side effect of cyclophosphamide therapy not observed with other alkylating agents. In five patients receiving cyclophosphamide by mouth for prolonged periods with large cumulative dosage urinary-bladder tumors fatal to four and requiring cystectomy in the lone survivor developed. These observations strongly suggest chemical carcinogenicity of this drug in the production of these tumors. Increasingly, cyclophosphamide is being used for non-neoplastic disease. These circumstances suggest careful follow-up observation of patients in whom hemorrhagic cystitis from this drug develops for evidence of bladder cancer, as well as restraint in use of cyclophosphamide for non-neoplastic diseases if alternative therapy is available.