tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case 23-1984
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Joel M. Seidman, Richard L. Kradin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Presentation of CaseA 62-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of asthma and pulmonary infiltrates.She was well until two years earlier, when wheezing developed. She was seen at another hospital, where epinephrine and prednisone were administered, with improvement. Four months before admission the dose of prednisone was reduced from 20 mg daily to 10 mg every other day. The patient began a weight-reduction diet and exercise and lost 11 kg during the next few months, although her efforts to diet and exercise soon lapsed. One month before entry cough, coryza, and rise of the temperature to 38.9°C . . .
The Edinburgh College of Physicians
Authors: D. R. Haldane
Journal: BMJ (1862)

This review is the summary of a workshop on small airways disease, which took place in Porquerolles, France in November 2011. The purpose of this workshop was to review the evidence on small airways (bronchiolar) involvement under various pathophysiological circumstances, excluding asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Histopathological patterns associated with small airways disease were reviewed, including cellular and obliterative bronchiolitis. Many pathophysiological conditions have been associated with small airways disease including airway infections, connective tissue diseases and inflammatory bowel diseases, bone marrow and lung transplantation, common variable immunodeficiency disorders, diffuse panbronchiolitis, and diseases related to environmental exposures to pollutants, allergens and drugs. Pathogenesis, clinical presentation, a computed tomography scan and pulmonary function test findings are reviewed, and therapeutic options are described with the objective of providing an integrative approach to these disorders.
Clip and snare lifting technique to assist cannulation of a papilla hidden behind a mucosal fold
Authors: Roberto Valente, Francisco Baldaque-Silva, Antti Siiki, Jeanne Lübbe, Lars Enochson, Matthias Lohr, Urban Arnelo
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a technically complex endoscopic procedure with significant rates of severe complications (0.8 %) and mortality (0.02 %) [1]. Complication rates increase in those patients where cannulation is difficult, defined as a situation in which the operator using a standard technique fails to achieve cannulation within 5 minutes, makes five unsuccessful attempts, or two passages of the guidewire into the pancreas [2] [3]. Features that are known to be associated with difficult, time-consuming, or impossible cannulations are failure to identify the papilla within the diverticulum, a floppy papilla on the edge of diverticula, and a papilla that is hidden by a mucosal fold ([Fig. 1 a]) [4]. The latter situation can be particularly challenging and has few possible solutions [5].
Erlotinib Is Not Effective In Patients (Pts) With JAK-2 V617F Positive Polycythemia Vera
Authors: Mohamad Cherry, Mohamad Khawandanah, Zhizhuang Joe Zhao, Samer A Srour, Howard Ozer, George Selby, Bassam Ghabache, Aref Al-Kali
Journal: Blood (2013)
MicroRNAs: New Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, Therapy Prediction and Therapeutic Tools for Breast Cancer
Authors: Gloria Bertoli, Claudia Cava, Isabella Castiglioni
Journal: Theranostics (2015)

Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is involved in the initiation and progression of several human cancers, including breast cancer (BC), as strong evidence has been found that miRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes.This review presents the state of the art on the role of miRNAs in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of BC.Based on the results obtained in the last decade, some miRNAs are emerging as biomarkers of BC for diagnosis (i.e., miR-9, miR-10b, and miR-17-5p), prognosis (i.e., miR-148a and miR-335), and prediction of therapeutic outcomes (i.e., miR-30c, miR-187, and miR-339-5p) and have important roles in the control of BC hallmark functions such as invasion, metastasis, proliferation, resting death, apoptosis, and genomic instability.Other miRNAs are of interest as new, easily accessible, affordable, non-invasive tools for the personalized management of patients with BC because they are circulating in body fluids (e.g., miR-155 and miR-210).In particular, circulating multiple miRNA profiles are showing better diagnostic and prognostic performance as well as better sensitivity than individual miRNAs in BC.New miRNA-based drugs are also promising therapy for BC (e.g., miR34a, miR145, and miR150), and other miRNAs are showing a fundamental role in modulation of the response to other non-miRNA treatments, being able to increase their efficacy (e.g., miR-21, miR34a, miR195, miR200c, and miR203 in combination with chemotherapy).
Abstract B30: Dietary fat intake and ovarian cancer risk.
Authors: Megan Rice, Shelley Tworoger
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Purpose: Prevention recommendations for ovarian cancer have been limited because few confirmed risk factors are modifiable. While dietary fat intake has been proposed as a potential risk factor, results have been inconsistent possibly due to limitations of when diet was assessed (e.g., baseline only). Therefore, in two large prospective cohort studies, we examined the association between ovarian cancer risk and dietary fat intake, including cumulative average intake (long-term intake) as well as simple updated intake (recent intake). Methods: We assessed recent (2-6 years prior to diagnosis) as well as long-term (cumulative average) dietary fat intake among 65,590 women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII using food frequency questionnaires administered every 2-4 years beginning in 1984 and 1991 respectively. We examined intakes of total fat as well as specific types of fat (i.e., animal, vegetable, saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fat). We identified 536 cases of ovarian cancer throughout follow-up with information on recent diet. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the associations between dietary fat intake and risk of ovarian cancer. Results: While recent total fat intake was not associated with ovarian cancer risk (RR comparing extreme quartiles= 1.05, 95%CI: 0.81-1.36), higher recent polyunsaturated fat intake was associated with a higher risk of ovarian cancer (RR comparing extreme quartiles=1.45, 95%CI: 1.08-1.94). However, there were no significant associations between cumulative average intakes of dietary fat and risk of ovarian cancer. For example, women in the highest quartile of cumulative average polyunsaturated fat intake had a non-significant 20% higher risk of ovarian cancer compared to those in the lowest quartile (95%CI: 0.88-1.62, p-trend=0.39). Conclusion: While there were no significant associations between long-term dietary fat intake and risk of ovarian cancer in the NHS and NHSII, higher recent intake of polyunsaturated fat was associated with a higher risk of ovarian cancer. Future work will assess whether these associations vary histologic subtypes and by ER and PR expression in ovarian tumors. Citation Format: Megan Rice, Shelley Tworoger. Dietary fat intake and ovarian cancer risk. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B30.
Obvious Pitfall in the Estimation of Renal Dysfunction
Authors: Tomoya Shimokata, Yoshinari Yasuda, Yuichi Ando
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

TO THE EDITOR: According to a recent article by Beumer et al, creatinine clearance has improved over the course of three decades (1979 to 2010) in patients participating in Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program–sponsored single-agent phase I studies.However, the authors obviously overlooked an important problem related to serum creatinine assay calibration. Despite the cutoff date of October 2010 in their analysis, a standardized procedure for serum creatinine assay was gradually introduced in the United States during the period up to October 2010, potentially leading to considerable bias among individual laboratories in the evaluation of renal function on the basis of a single measurement of serum creatinine. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, an important source of information on the prevalence of health conditions in the general population of the United States, have provided calibration equations designed to adjust serum creatinine values according to the relevant period in their survey of the prevalence of chronic kidney disease. In the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, the substantial biases in serum creatinine assays between 1988 to 1994 and 1999 to 2000 resulted in large differences in estimates of renal function (10% to 20%), which can also explain the marked shift toward normal renal function between 1990 and 1999 in the study by Beumer et al. Furthermore, the standardization of creatinine assay in the United States has caused considerable confusion about carboplatin dosing, for which the recommended dose is calculated on the basis of the patient’s renal function. The use of calibration equations to measure true serum creatinine leads to serum creatinine levels that are about 0.2 mg/dL lower than the levels derived by previously used methods, which has resulted in seemingly improved creatinine clearance in the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program–sponsored phase I studies. As Rudek et al commented in their editorial, harmonization of renal function assessment is needed during drug development.
Endocrine Therapy for Hormone Receptor–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Guideline
Authors: Hope S. Rugo, R. Bryan Rumble, Erin Macrae, Debra L. Barton, Hannah Klein Connolly, Maura N. Dickler, Lesley Fallowfield, Barbara Fowble, James N. Ingle, Mohammad Jahanzeb, Stephen R.D. Johnston, Larissa A. Korde, James L. Khatcheressian, Rita S. Mehta, Hyman B. Muss, Harold J. Burstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

To develop recommendations about endocrine therapy for women with hormone receptor (HR) -positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC).The American Society of Clinical Oncology convened an Expert Panel to conduct a systematic review of evidence from 2008 through 2015 to create recommendations informed by that evidence. Outcomes of interest included sequencing of hormonal agents, hormonal agents compared with chemotherapy, targeted biologic therapy, and treatment of premenopausal women. This guideline puts forth recommendations for endocrine therapy as treatment for women with HR-positive MBC.Sequential hormone therapy is the preferential treatment for most women with HR-positive MBC. Except in cases of immediately life-threatening disease, hormone therapy, alone or in combination, should be used as initial treatment. Patients whose tumors express any level of hormone receptors should be offered hormone therapy. Treatment recommendations should be based on type of adjuvant treatment, disease-free interval, and organ function. Tumor markers should not be the sole criteria for determining tumor progression; use of additional biomarkers remains experimental. Assessment of menopausal status is critical; ovarian suppression or ablation should be included in premenopausal women. For postmenopausal women, aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are the preferred first-line endocrine therapy, with or without the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor palbociclib. As second-line therapy, fulvestrant should be administered at 500 mg with a loading schedule and may be administered with palbociclib. The mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus may be administered with exemestane to postmenopausal women with MBC whose disease progresses while receiving nonsteroidal AIs. Among patients with HR-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive MBC, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-targeted therapy plus an AI can be effective for those who are not chemotherapy candidates.
The Influence of Obesity on Health
Authors: George V. Mann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Coronary Heart DiseaseKeys and his colleagues39 have discussed the evidence derived from their seven-nation study identifying obesity as a risk factor for coronary heart disease. They preferred the body-mass index (BMI = W/H2) as the index of obesity. Although blood pressure was significantly correlated with adiposity, the association was low. Cross-classification suggested a significant excess of coronary heart disease in the upper quartile of men classified as obese when blood pressure was ignored, but the effect of obesity disappeared when only normotensive men were considered. Using multivariate analysis, the authors could show no predictive value of body fatness . . .
Yellow Fever
Authors: Carolyn J. Hildreth
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Yellow FeverY ellow fever occurs in tropical South America and Africa and among travelers to those areas.It is caused by a virus transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito.This virus can cause significant illness that may progress to major organ damage, particularly of the liver.It may cause hepatitis, an inflammation (cellular damage) of the liver.Hepatitis can cause jaundice, a yellow discoloration of the eyes and skin that led to the name "yellow fever."This liver damage can also lead to disruption of the normal clotting of blood, resulting in bleeding.The bleeding can manifest as the so-called black vomit of yellow fever.A vaccination against this infection is required for those who travel to endemic areas (geographic regions where exposure is possible), such as central Brazil and Peru in South America and Ghana and Liberia in West Africa.Most people can receive this vaccination from their local department of health or from a travel medicine clinic as long as there are no medical reasons not to receive the vaccine.The August 27, 2008, issue of JAMA includes a Commentary on a classic 1901 JAMA article by Walter Reed, one of the pioneers in research on the cause of yellow fever.
Abstract 241: Cardiac TIMP-4 Dictates cardiomyocyte contractility and differentiation of embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes: Road to Therapy
Authors: Pankaj Chaturvedi, Anuradha Kalani, Anastasia Familtseva, Pradip K Kamat, Naira Metriveli, Suresh C Tyagi
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

The remarkable nature of cardiomyocytes for contractility is attributed to the extracellular matrix which is maintained by the balance between MMPs (Matrix Metalloproteases) and TIMPs (Tissue Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteases). Any deviation from this delicate balance of MMP/TIMP is a hallmark of cardiovascular pathologies including myocardial infarction (MI). TIMP4, which is the least studied molecule, is deficient in failing hearts and mice lacking TIMP4 show poor regeneration capacity after MI. Therefore, we hypothesize that TIMP4 helps in cardiac regeneration by alleviating contractility and inducing the differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells into cardiomyocytes. To validate this hypothesis, we transfected cardiomyocytes with TIMP4 and TIMP4-siRNA and observed that there was increase in contractility in the TIMP4 transfected cardiomyocytes as compared to siRNA-TIMP4 transfected cardiomyocytes. To explain this we looked into the calcium channel genes and found increase in the expression of serca2a (sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase2a) in the TIMP4 transformed myocytes. Serca2a is tightly regulated by mir122a and we found decrease in the expression of mir122a in the TIMP4 transfected cells as compared to the TIMP4-siRNA cells. To observe the effect of TIMP4 in differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells we treated mouse embryonic stem cells with cardiac extract and cardiac extract minus TIMP4 (using TIMP4 monoclonal antibody). The cells treated with cardiac extract showed cardiac phenotype in terms of Ckit+, GATA4+ and Nkx2.5 expression. This is a novel report on the influence of TIMP4 on contractility and inducing the differentiation of stem cells to cardiomyocytes. In view of the failure of MMP9 inhibitors for cardiac therapy in clinical trials, TIMP4 provides and alternative approach, being an indigenous molecule, a natural inhibitor of MMP9 and efficient ROS scavenger.
Not Just “Study Drugs” for the Rich: Stimulants as Moral Tools for Creating Opportunities for Socially Disadvantaged Students
Authors: Keisha Shantel Ray
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2016)

An argument in the cognitive enhancement literature is that using stimulants in populations of healthy but socially disadvantaged individuals mistakenly attributes pathology to nonpathological individuals who experience social inequalities. As the argument goes, using stimulants as cognitive-enhancing drugs to solve the social problem of poorly educated students in inadequate schools misattributes the problem as an individual medical problem, when it is really a collective sociopolitical problem. I challenge this argument on the grounds that not all types of enhancement have to be explained in medical terms, but rather at least one conception of enhancement can be explained in social terms—opportunity maintenance. Therefore, I propose that as a moral requirement we ought to explore whether stimulants could be a means of remedying underprivileged children's experiences of social inequalities that are borne from inadequate schools for the sake of increasing their chances for opportunities and well-being.
Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in combination with standard induction chemotherapy in de novo acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: P Bettelheim, P Valent, M Andreeff, A Tafuri, J Haimi, C Gorischek, M Muhm, C Sillaber, O Haas, L Vieder
Journal: Blood (1991)
The Conversion of L-Valine to Glycogen and Carbon Dioxide in Rats Receiving <italic>p</italic>-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
Authors: William S. Fones, Julius White
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1951)

Journal Article The Conversion of L-Valine to Glycogen and Carbon Dioxide in Rats Receiving p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene Get access William S. Fones, William S. Fones National Cancer Institute2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Julius White Julius White National Cancer Institute2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 12, Issue 2, October 1951, Pages 423–426, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/12.2.423 Published: 01 October 1951 Article history Received: 07 June 1951 Published: 01 October 1951
Meningeal cryptococcosis misdiagnosed as a manic episode
Authors: O J Thienhaus, N Khosla
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

A 63-year-old man had symptoms and a history suggestive of a manic episode. Meningeal cryptococcosis with normal pressure hydrocephalus was later found to be the underlying cause. Antifungal treatment resulted in sustained improvement of all mental functions.
Tuberculosis outcome monitoring – is it time to update European recommendations?
Authors: D Falzon, J Scholten, A Infuso
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2006)

We discuss tuberculosis treatment outcome monitoring and the adherence of countries in the WHO European Region to modifications introduced in 2001 to enhance inter-country comparability. Outcomes for definite pulmonary tuberculosis cases were compared for cases reported in 2001 and 2000. Reporting was considered complete if 98% or more of cases originally notified had outcome reported. In both years, maximal period of observation was 12 months from start of treatment. In 2000, countries reported outcome as ‘cured’, ‘completed’, ‘died’, ‘failed’, ‘defaulted’, ‘transferred’ and ‘other, not evaluated’ for cohorts of new and retreated cases. In 2001, following changes, countries were also requested to monitor cases with unknown treatment history and two outcome categories were added – ‘still on treatment’ and ‘unknown’. Of 42 countries reporting outcomes in 2001, 74% (31) had nationwide, complete data, up from 50% (19/38) in 2000. Twelve of 21 countries that reported on observation period complied with that recommended. ‘Defaulted’ and ‘transferred’ were applied interchangeably with ‘unknown’. Among new cases, ‘still on treatment’ was used by 15/31 countries (range: 1%-15%). ‘Failed’ was rarely recorded in western European countries (&amp;lt;1%). European tuberculosis outcome monitoring should include all definite pulmonary cases, applying the standard period of observation and revised categories, and preferably reported using individual data.
Atrial fibrillation in women is linked to increased risk of cancer
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Women with new onset atrial fibrillation may have an elevated risk of cancer, shows a study including nearly 35 000 women who were followed up for around 20 years. The researchers said in JAMA Cardiology that atrial fibrillation may be a risk marker for future cancer diagnoses.1

Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of major cardiovascular complications, but recent research has shown that patients also face a substantial risk of death from non-cardiovascular causes.

The …
Mediastinitis, pseudo-aneurysm formation, aortic bleed, and death from endoscopic botulinum toxin injection
Authors: Mark Tan, Jennifer Whitgift, Hugh Warren
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

Endoscopic botulinum toxin injection is considered a safe and viable option for the management of achalasia [1] [2]. Although esophageal perforation and mediastinitis are well-documented complications of this treatment, pseudo-aneurysm formation of the thoracic aorta following inter-sphincteric injection is exceedingly rare [3]. We report the first published fatality from a thoracic aorta pseudo-aneurysm bleed following inter-sphincteric botulinum toxin injection. Endoscopists should be vigilant of this potentially fatal complication.
Essential role of miRNAs in orchestrating the biology of the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Jamie N. Frediani, Muller Fabbri
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2016)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as central players in shaping the biology of the Tumor Microenvironment (TME). They do so both by modulating their expression levels within the different cells of the TME and by being shuttled among different cell populations within exosomes and other extracellular vesicles. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art knowledge of the role of miRNAs in the complexity of the TME and highlights limitations and challenges in the field. A better understanding of the mechanisms of action of these fascinating micro molecules will lead to the development of new therapeutic weapons and most importantly, to an improvement in the clinical outcome of cancer patients.
Sex, Symptoms, and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Rod S. Passman
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2016)

Jonathan P. Piccini, MD, MHS; DaJuanicia N. Simon, MS; Benjamin A. Steinberg, MD, MHS; Laine Thomas, PhD; Larry A. Allen, MD, MHS; Gregg C. Fonarow, MD; Bernard Gersh, MB, ChB, DPhil; Elaine Hylek, MD, MPH; Peter R. Kowey, MD; James A. Reiffel, MD; Gerald V. Naccarelli, MD; Paul S. Chan, MD, MSc; John A. Spertus, MD, MPH; Eric D. Peterson, MD, MPH; for the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF) Investigators and Patients