tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical prognostic factors in metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) patients treated with Imatinib
Authors: A. Lopez-Pousa, O. Gallego, X. Matias-Guiu, R. Nadal, R. Villanueva, M. Quintana, G. Carrera, R. Marse, V. Artigas, A. Barnadas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

19500 Background: Imatinib (IMT) therapy is the main successful therapy for metastatic GIST. We analyze the results of the treatment according to the clinical factors and dose of IMT. Methods: 38 patients (pts) with metastatic GIST (C-KIT positive) were treated from June 2001 to June 2005 with IMT; 11 pts received 400 mg bid and 27 pts 400 mg daily. Evaluation of c-Kit mutation on exon 11 was analyzed in 23 pts. An analysis of the clinical factors was performed. Results: The average age was 60 y. (18–78); Gender: 26 male/12 female; Primary location in small bowel 24, gastric 12, esophagus 2. ECOG 0–1 in 87% of pts. 31 pts have had radical surgery at the primary (26 R0, 5 R1). Interval to metastatic/local relapse was 10 months (2–61). Hepatic metastases were presented in 26 pts (1–5 in 12, 6–10 in 5, &gt;10 in 9 pts); peritoneal disease in 26 pts (1–5 in 10, 6–10 in 8, &gt;10 in 7 pts); pulmonary metastases in 2, bone in 2 and nodal in 3 pts; local tumor in 6. With a median follow-up of the 56 m, response rate was 5 complete, 21 partial responders, 7 disease stabilization. Three pts died in the first month of treatment, two due to tumoral bleeding, one due to progressive disease. Median survival (MS) was 43 (0–54) months, not achieved for pts in 400 mg, 41 months for 400 mg bid pts (p=0.61). Progression free survival (PFS) was 21 months (21 for pts in 400 mg, 20 for pts in 400 mg bid). We don’t find statistical differences regarding the number of hepatic and peritoneal metastases, neither according to the size of metastases (&lt;10 cm was 48 m., ≥10 cm was 41 m.). MS was not achieved in 18/23 patients with exon 11 mutation vs 9 months for non-mutation patients (p 0.00). No differences were found in survival for 4/18 pts with missense mutation. Conclusions: Mutational status may predict the outcome of GIST patients treated with IMT. Dose of IMT, mass size and number of metastases were not prognostic factors for survival. Special attention would be done to the risk of bleeding at the start of treatment with IMT. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Bone Mass and the Risk of Breast Cancer among Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Yuqing Zhang, Douglas P. Kiel, Bernard E. Kreger, L. Adrienne Cupples, R. Curtis Ellison, Joanne F. Dorgan, Arthur Schatzkin, Daniel Levy, David T. Felson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Recent studies have shown a direct relation between serum estrogen levels assessed at a single point in time and the risk of breast cancer, but no evidence links estrogen levels assessed repeatedly over an extended interval to the risk of breast cancer. Bone mass has been proposed as a marker of cumulative exposure to estrogen in women. We therefore studied the association between bone mass and the incidence of breast cancer.
FRI0583 Comparison of Indirect Immunofluorescence (IIF) on HEP-2 Cells, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Multiplex Bead-Based Immunoassay for Detection of Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Authors: E. Aleksandrova, Z. Verizhnikova, A. Novikov, T. Panafidina, N. Seredavkina, T. Popkova, T. Ayzina, D. Roggenbuck, E. Nasonov
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Sport and Exercise Physicians represent a relatively new specialty focusing on exercise in complex diseases including musculoskeletal diseases. Our objective was to describe the characteristics, type and complexity of patient presentations, their management strategies and referral information in Australian practice. <h3>Methods</h3> A cross-sectional study including a cohort of 11 senior Sport and Exercise Physicians in Australia studied all new patient consultations within an 8-week period. Data were analysed relating to presentation, referral source, follow-up referrals, and patient management strategies. <h3>Results</h3> Data from 419 patients were recorded. The majority, 97% (n=406), had musculoskeletal conditions, 53% (n=222) had one or more associated comorbidities and 47% (n=195) had ongoing symptoms for &gt;12 months. Most patients, 82% (n=355), were referred by general practitioners. Prior consultations included physiotherapy 72% (n=301) and orthopaedic 20% (n=85). A multidisciplinary network of referrals from Sport and Exercise Physicians was observed, including 210 referrals to 9 allied health specialities and 61 referrals to 17 medical specialities. Over 74% (n=311) of patients received exercise-based intervention as part of the treatment plan, including 57% (n=240) physician managed exercise interventions. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our work shines a light on the nature and complexity of the role of Sport and Exercise Physicians in an Australian practice context. Findings will assist in implementing measures to promote patient care at the community level in managing musculoskeletal conditions. Sport and exercise medicine stakeholders and government policy makers can use this information in developing appropriate programmes to support patients and create integrated sport and exercise medicine services for the community.
Metabolism and Excretion of C<sup>14</sup>-Labeled Bilirubin in Children with Biliary Atresia
Authors: John L. Cameron, Robert M. Filler, Frank L. Iber, Tohru Abei, Judson G. Randolph
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

BILIRUBIN metabolism and excretion in children with biliary atresia is complex and poorly understood. Jaundice may not be apparent until the infant is three or four weeks of age. Rarely, as in a case reported by Sterling,1 the jaundice disappears, and for weeks the serum bilirubin levels are normal. Usually, however, the serum bilirubin levels continue to rise for several weeks after birth and thereafter remain relatively stable. Like the normal infant, the child with biliary atresia is continuously producing bile pigment from the breakdown of hemoglobin. Since the serum bilirubin levels do not continue to rise one must assume . . .
Safety and efficacy of low-dose metronomic chemotherapy with capecitabine in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic breast.
Authors: P. Fedele, L. Orlando, P. Schiavone, P. Rizzo, N. Calvani, M. D'Amico, A. Marino, F. Sponziello, A. Nacci e S. Cinieri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

1060 Background: Metronomic chemotherapy regimens have shown efficacy in patients with metastatic breast cancer by antiangiogenic mechanisms. Due to its pharmacokinetic characteristics and low toxicity profile capecitabine is the ideal drug to be administred in a metronomic fashion. Methods: Since October 2006 to December 2009 we tested objective responses, clinical benefit, and safety of capecitabine administered with a metronomic schedule of 500 mg thrice daily in heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer patients. Among 55 enrolled patients at the moment, 44 were evaluable. ECOG performance status (PS) was 0-3, median age 60 years (range 36-82), HER-2/neu overexpression in 23%; bone plus visceral disease in 41% of cases. All the patients were pretreated with at least 2 endocrine therapy lines (range 1-3) and a median of 3 chemotherapy regimens (range 1-6). Metronomic capecitabine was administered for a median duration of 28 weeks (range 12-144). Results: We observed 10 partial responses (PR: 23 %), 26 (59%) stable disease (SD), and 8 patients with progressive disease (PR+SD=36; 82%). Additional long term disease stabilization (SD>or > 24 weeks) occurred in 19 patients for an overall clinical benefit (CR+PR+ SD >or > 24 weeks) of 59%. Median time to progression was 28 weeks (95% CI, 12 to 144 weeks). Safety of metronomic capecitabine was excellent. Neither grade 2-4 haematological or clinical side effects were recorded and only 4 patients experienced grade I (WHO) hand-foot syndrome. Conclusions: Treatment with metronomic capecitabine was effective and minimally toxic in heavily pretreated breast cancer patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Chloramphenicol in Typhoid Fever
Authors: J. C. Patel, D. D. Banker, C. J. Modi
Journal: BMJ (1949)

Chloramphenicol (chloromycetin) is a new antibiotic derived from a soil streptomyces known as Streptomyces ventezuelae.It was first isolated for therapeutic purposes by Ehrlich and his associates in 1947.The first report of the beneficial effect of this antibiotic in typhoid fever came from Woodward and his co-workers in Malaya in 1948.Since then the drug has been given a trial by many workers in different parts of the world.Murgatroyd (1949) has tried it in one case in London.A controlled trial is in progress in the United Kingdom as a result of the recent Berkshire outbreak (Bradley, 1949).In India the drug has been tried in typhoid fever by Shah (1949) and by Vakil (1949).The diagnosis of typhoid fever may be open to doubt in many of the cases of these two Indian authors.Shah's series of 33 cases contains only eight with positive blood cultures, and Vakil does not mention the number of cases in which blood culture was positive in his series of 14.Neither of these authors mentions previous T.A.B. inoculation in their cases.NMethod We have tried the drug in the clinical investigation ward of the King Edward Memorial Hospital in six cases-three males and three females, all being adults.Details of these cases are given in the Table.In all of them blood culture
A clinic for the impaired elderly and their families
Authors: B V Reifler, C Eisdorfer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

The need for improving psychiatric services to the elderly and for recognizing the importance of the family in caring for the impaired elderly led to the establishment of the Geriatric and Family Services, an outpatient clinic. This clinic provides psychiatric, medical, social, nursing, and architectural evaluations and recommendations for impaired older persons and also provides support and practical advice to the family. Most of the clinic's patients suffer from a dementing illness; of this group most have dementia of the Alzheimer's type. The authors studied the appointment-keeping behavior of the patients and also surveyed the patients' families as an indication of the clinic's success. Out of 50 patients the broken-appointment rate, as well as the drop-out rate, was 2%; 90% of the families who responded to the questionnaire indicated they would recommend the clinic's services to others.
Natural Overwintering Hosts of the Virus of Western Equine Encephalitis
Authors: Louis P. Gebhardt, G. John Stanton, Douglas W. Hill, Glen C. Collett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE natural host (or hosts) for maintenance of the virus of Western equine encephalitis in nature during the winter months has not been definitely determined.Specific antibody has been demonstrated, and the virus isolated from several species of mammals and birds, particularly during epidemic periods or at times when mosquitoes were active.1 2 3 Reeves and his associates4 were able to produce a chronic viremia in experimentally infected birds, but Kissling et al.5 studied 1503 wild birds and failed to isolate virus during the winter or spring. However, during the season when mosquitoes were active, virus–infected birds were found.The principal vector . . .
Etiology and Mortality of Purulent Meningitis at the Detroit Receiving Hospital
Authors: Francis M. Wilson, A. Martin Lerner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

IN a careful review of bacterial infections at the Boston City Hospital from the presulfonamide era, 1935, to the modern era of antibiotics, 1957, Finland, Jones and Barnes1 found a general decrease in infections due to Streptococcus pyogenes, but an alarming rise in infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacilli. This trend included bacteremia, meningitis and empyema. The mortality in patients with meningitis, however, fell from 80 per cent to 20 per cent in this interval.1 Eigler and his associates2 reported a similar increase in gram-negative meningeal infections at the Mayo Clinic, notably those due to proteus, aerobacter . . .
Relation of Prothrombin Concentration to Bleeding during Oral Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: Andrew J. Zweifler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

The fact that unsuspected organic lesions may bleed during anticoagulant therapy has been emphasized by others.1 2 3 4 5 6 The physician faced with hemorrhage occurring in a patient receiving anticoagulant drugs must therefore decide whether search for an occult pathologic process is warranted. This problem may prove as vexing as the management of the bleeding.To study this matter, the records of the Anticoagulant Unit of the University Hospital for 1947–1960 were examined, and the complete hospital charts of all patients who were reported to have bled during treatment were then obtained for review. Isolated episodes of minor bleeding (minor epistaxis, minor dental . . .
Drugs of Limited Commercial Value
Authors: Marion J. Finkel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

In the April 20, 1978 issue of the Journal, Dr. Melvin H. Van Woert described the problem resulting from inadequate attention in our society to the discovery, development, and distribution of drugs that would be of major benefit to persons with serious but uncommon diseases — drugs that are not made available because of their limited applicability and limited commercial value.At the time of Dr. Van Woert's article an Interagency Task Force on Significant Drugs of Limited Commercial Value was engaged in fact-finding and deliberations. This Task Force was initiated by persons in the Food and Drug Administration . . .
Oral Contraceptives and the Risk of Hereditary Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Steven A. Narod, Harvey Risch, Roxana Moslehi, Anne Dørum, Susan Neuhausen, Hakan Olsson, Diane Provencher, Paolo Radice, Gareth Evans, Susan Bishop, Jean-Sébastien Brunet, Bruce A.J. Ponder, Jan G.M. Klijn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Women with mutations in either the BRCA1 or the BRCA2 gene have a high lifetime risk of ovarian cancer. Oral contraceptives protect against ovarian cancer in general, but it is not known whether they also protect against hereditary forms of ovarian cancer.We enrolled 207 women with hereditary ovarian cancer and 161 of their sisters as controls in a case-control study. All the patients carried a pathogenic mutation in either BRCA1 (179 women) or BRCA2 (28 women). The control women were enrolled regardless of whether or not they had either mutation. Lifetime histories of oral-contraceptive use were obtained by interview or by written questionnaire and were compared between patients and control women, after adjustment for year of birth and parity.The adjusted odds ratio for ovarian cancer associated with any past use of oral contraceptives was 0.5 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.3 to 0.8). The risk decreased with increasing duration of use (P for trend, <0.001); use for six or more years was associated with a 60 percent reduction in risk. Oral-contraceptive use protected against ovarian cancer both for carriers of the BRCA1 mutation (odds ratio, 0.5; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.3 to 0.9) and for carriers of the BRCA2 mutation (odds ratio, 0.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.2 to 1.1).Oral-contraceptive use may reduce the risk of ovarian cancer in women with pathogenic mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene.
Allergy: The History of a Modern Malady
Authors: John Henderson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

S ince Clemens von Pirquet introduced the term allergy in 1906 it has enjoyed a meteoric rise to prominence in medical, sociological, and even geopolitical spheres. Mark Jackson charts this rise in a scholarly and richly referenced account that traces the history of allergy through the 20th century to its current position as a problem of epidemic proportions and places it in the context of changes in epidemiology, medical thinking, and modern society. His wide ranging work begins with the diminution of the germ theory of disease at the beginning of the 20th century, paving the way for notions about hosts' response being as important as external factors in determining disease causation and giving rise to the idea of “altered biological reactivity” encapsulated in von Pirquet's original description of allergy.

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Mark Jackson

Reaktion Books, £25, pp 256 ISBN 1 86189 271 3

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Jackson gives an intensely interesting account of the difficult birth of the concept of allergy, which was opposed by the proponents of anaphylaxis and surrounded …

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Brain Metastases in Breast Cancer Network Germany (BMBC, GBG 79): Multicentric, retrospective and prospective collection of patient data and biomaterial from breast cancer patients as platform for translational research
Authors: V. Müller, E. Laakmann, T. Fehm, V. Möbus, G. von Minckwitz, J. Kaiser, S. Loibl, I. Witzel
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
PTU-102 “you can’t treat ‘em ‘till you get the security right”: prison officers views about hepatitis C testing and treatment in prisons
Authors: K Jack, BJ Thomson, A Patterson
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Hepatitis C (HCV) testing and treatment in English prisons remains low,<sup>1</sup>with the reasons being poorly understood. Prison Custody Officers (PCOs) are in continuous contact with prisoners and able to observe factors that may influence prisoners’ choice in accepting HCV testing and treatment. However, PCO’s views are not represented in the UK literature. A qualitative enquiry was thus undertaken entitled: Unlocking <b>V</b>iews: what do Custody <b>O</b>fficers th<b>I</b>nk about hepatitis <b>C</b>testing and treatment of prison<b>E</b>rs? (VOICE). <h3>Method</h3> Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 PCOs employed at a male category B prison. The prison is one of a limited number that can provide anti-viral treatment and ‘medical hold’ for HCV infected inmates. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed at the prison. <h3>Results</h3> Four key themes emerged: <i>Safeguarding; Stigma; Confidentiality</i>and <i>Education</i>. All participants asserted that if a prisoner poses a threat to the overall security of a prison the ‘medical hold’ will be overridden, irrespective of the cost of the medical treatment the prisoner is receiving or any negative health consequences which may arise, with the exception of anything immediately life-threatening. All of the PCOs supported an opt-out HCV testing strategy with some questioning the rationale for this not being mandatory, and felt that prison was a good opportunity to access HCV treatment. Several PCOs explained that prisoners may be excluded from their social groups if their attendance at a hepatitis testing or treating appointment is observed or deduced, so the ‘prison code’ of social interaction and behaviour amongst prisoners might represent a barrier to testing and treatment. The PCOs respected prisoners’ confidentiality regarding health issues, but this could be compromised during violent incidents if they perceived their colleagues to be at risk of contracting a blood borne virus through spitting or biting. All of the PCOs displayed limited knowledge about HCV risk factors, transmission, treatment and consequences of untreated infection, yet this staff group have the most contact with prisoners. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Models of health care delivery that facilitate prisoners moving to other prisons without a break in treatment continuity may be more likely to result in prisoners commencing and completing anti-viral therapy. Further barriers may lie in the unseen realm of social behaviour dictated by the ‘prison code’. PCOs require further training about HCV and an education package could increase the testing and treatment uptake. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Public Health England (2014) Hepatitis C in the UK: 2014 report [online]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hepatitis-c-in-the-uk[Accessed 23 February 2015]
Acute and Progressive Tracheal Stenosis after Proton Beam Therapy with Concurrent Chemotherapy for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yoshitaka Zenke, Shigeki Umemura, Atsushi Motegi, Kinya Furukawa, Keisuke Kirita, Shingo Matsumoto, Kiyotaka Yoh, Seiji Niho, Hironobu Ohmatsu, Masahiro Tsuboi, Tetsuo Akimoto, Koichi Goto
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)
VEGF A, C, and D levels in malignant pleural effusions
Authors: G. A. Croghan, F. Nichols, S. Cassivi, W. Nevala, C. Daniels, M. Thompson, D. Schroeder, S. N. Markovic
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

22126 Background: Mayo data revealed that the median survival of patients with malignant pleural effusion is 4.7 months, with a 23% survival at one year and 7% at two years. These data emphasize the need for more preclinical research on ways to improve the diagnosis and treatment of malignant effusions. The purpose of this double-blind study was to ascertain VEGF A, C and D levels in various fresh pleural effusions. Methods: Sixty-four patients with cytology-known recurrent pleural effusions, who either underwent ultrasound-guided thoracentesis or fluid removal at the time of PleurX catheter placement. The effusions were centrifuged, aliquoted and frozen within 24 hours after removal. Each sample was evaluated for VEGF A, C and D levels using assay kits from ELISA-DuoSet by R&D in Minneapolis, MN. Results: Twenty-four non-malignant effusions and 40 malignant effusions including lung (15), breast (5), GI (6), ovarian (3), renal cell (3) and hematologic (8) were assayed. Assay findings (log transformed) were compared across groups using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Dunnett's test used to compare each group to the non-malignant controls. Compared to controls (median VEGF A = 177), malignant effusions from adenocarcinomas had significantly elevated VEGF A with highest levels seen in renal cell carcinoma (median 6643), ovarian (median 4534), GI (median 4506), lung (median 3403) and breast (median 1577). Hematologic malignancies had low levels of VEGF A (median 107). Levels of VEGF C and D did not differ significantly across groups. Conclusions: Elevated levels of VEGF A in malignant effusions from adenocarcinomas may allow the use of the PleurX catheter as a means to treat and assess response to intracavitary antiangiogenesis therapies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Intravenous Immune Globulin and Pseudohyponatremia
Authors: Nicholas Lawn, Eelco F.M. Wijdicks, Mary F. Burritt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

To the Editor: A 49-year-old woman admitted with typical Guillain–Barre syndrome was treated with intravenous immune globulin (Gamimune N 10%, Bayer, Elkhart, Ind.), at a dose of 45 g per day (0.4 ...