tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NIMG-25IMPROVED LEAKAGE CORRECTION FOR DYNAMIC SUSCEPTIBILITY CONTRAST (DSC) PERFUSION MRI ESTIMATES OF RELATIVE CEREBRAL BLOOD VOLUME (rCBV) IN HIGH-GRADE GLIOMAS BY ACCOUNTING FOR BIDIRECTIONAL CONTRAST AGENT EXCHANGE
Authors: Kevin Leu, Jerrold Boxerman, Timothy Cloughesy, Albert Lai, Phioanh Nghiemphu, Linda Liau, Whitney Pope, Benjamin Ellingson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BACKGROUND: Contrast agent exchange through a compromised BBB results in imprecise estimates of rCBV using DSC-MRI. The current methods for leakage correction, however, are inaccurate in that they only account for leakage from the vascular to extravascular space. The current study explores a new bidirectional leakage model for DSC-MRI for improved rCBV estimates in high-grade gliomas. METHODS: The traditional model-based post-processing leakage correction algorithm that assumes unidirectional contrast agent extravasation (Boxerman-Weisskoff mode, BW-model) to account for bidirectional contrast eagent exchange between intra- and extravascular spaces (Bidir-model). We compared goodness of fit to raw leakage-contaminated relaxation rate curves and differences between modeld interstitial relaxation rate curves collected using DCE-MRI data from the same patients. We then compared the ability for both models to predict response to bevcizumab in recurrent GBMs. RESULTS: Using a mathematical simplification originally applied to DCE data we were able to obtain comparable computation times between the two techniques. The Bidir-model had significantly improved goodness of fit when compared with the BW-model in terms of both fit to raw, contaminated relaxation rate signals from DSC-MRI (P < 0.0001) as well as relaxation rate estimates in the interstitial space estimated using DCE-MRI (P = 0.0041). On average, enhancing tumor rCBV for the traditional BW-model was higher by 16.6%. Specifically, when the DSC signal is corrupted by T1-leakage the BW-model underestimates rCBV, and when then DSC signal is corrupted by T2*-leakage the traditional model overestimates rCBV. Results also suggests changes in rCBV calculated after bevacizumab using the Bidir-model significantly predicts overall survival (P = 0.03), whereas the traditional estimates of rCBV from the BW-model were not predictive. CONCLUSION: Inclusion of bidirectional exchange in the leakage correction model for DSC-MRI significantly improves the model fit to leakage-contaminated DSC-MRI data, significantly improves estimation of rCBV in gliomas, and improves biomarker accuracy for predicting response to anti-angiogenic therapy.
Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Have Significantly Higher Prevalence of Atopic Conditions
Authors: Erica L. Palmisano, Mohamed Benhammuda, Arpita Mehta, Mary C. Tobin, Christopher D. Codispoti, Sindhura Bandi, Pete Batra, Phillip LoSavio, Robert P. Schleimer, Mahboobeh Mahdavinia
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Case 36-1993
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Howard M. Heller, Jeffery S. Dzieczkowski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Presentation of CaseA 28-year-old man was evaluated at the hospital because of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), pancytopenia, and lymphoma.The patient had been well until 38 months earlier, when he was first examined at this hospital because of generalized lymphadenopathy, and a test for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was positive. He was raised in Ohio and had traveled throughout the United States. He was a phlebotomist at another medical facility, where he wore rubber gloves when working; he had received two transfusions after a motor vehicle accident nine years earlier and had no other risk factors . . .
Case 12-1991
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, David P. Faxon, Patrick T. O'Gara
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Presentation of CaseA 67-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a ventricular septal defect and increasing exertional dyspnea.There was a history of a heart murmur since childhood. Thirty years before admission the patient received a diagnosis of a ventricular septal defect in consultation with Dr. Paul Dudley White. Twenty-five years before entry he was admitted to this hospital for treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis that was caused by a coagulase-negative staphylococcal species. Three years later he was treated elsewhere for what was believed to be congestive heart failure. Digoxin was begun, and diuretic medications were administered . . .
Polyp of the Appendix
Authors: R P Sticca, M L Palmer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Figure 1. Polyp of the Appendix. An asymptomatic filling defect of the appendix was discovered during a barium enema (arrow, Panel A) in a 72-year-old woman during an evaluation for persistently guaiac-positive stools. After laparoscopic appendectomy, a 5-mm sessile polypoid lesion was found at the base of the appendix (arrows, Panel B). (The specimen was opened longitudinally.) Histologic analysis (Panel C) showed the lesion to be an adenomatous polyp (hematoxylin and eosin, x10). Extensive studies of the gastrointestinal tract failed to disclose the source of bleeding, but it was thought to be due either to the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory . . .
School Failure and Deafness after “Silent” Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: James B. Hanshaw, Albert P. Scheiner, Ann W. Moxley, Lilly Gaev, Vaudeen Abel, Barbara Scheiner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

We found IgM antibody directed against cytomegalovirus in the umbilical-cord blood of 53 of 8644 newborns. Forty-four of the 53 had psychometric and pediatric evaluations at 3.5 to 7.0 years of age. The group's mean IQ was 102.5+/-22.4 (+/-S.D.), whereas in matched controls it was 111.7 (PC 0.025). Bilateral hearing loss was present in five of 40 children with antibody against cytomegalovirus and in one of 44 matched controls without antibody (P less than 0.1). Three of the antibody-positive children, however, had profound deafness, an abnormality that occurs once in approximately 1000 children. The predicted school failure rate, based on IQ, behavioral, neurologic and auditory test data, was 2.7 times that of matched socioeconomic controls and eight times that of randomly selected controls. We conclude that clinically inapparent congenital cytomegalovirus infection can adversely affect central-nervous-system development.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “The Effect of Selective Heart Rate Slowing in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction”
Authors: Nikhil Pal, Nadiya Sivaswamy, Masliza Mahmod, Arash Yavari, Amelia Rudd, Satnam Singh, Dana K. Dawson, Jane M. Francis, Jeremy S Dwight, Hugh Watkins, Stefan Neubauer, Michael Frenneaux, Houman Ashrafian
Journal: Circulation (2016)

We thank de Dios for their comments related to the differences in outcomes noted between our observations and previously published work exploring the role of ivabradine in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). 1 We acknowledge the central issue: namely, the heterogeneity of patients recruited related to the lack of clear consensus regarding the pathophysiology of HFpEF and the inability of traditional diagnostic techniques, such as resting echocardiography, to diagnose this condition.We used inclusion criteria similar to previously published work such as the Aldosterone Receptor Blockade in Diastolic HF (Aldo-DHF) trial, which included not only resting echocardiography parameters to diagnose diastolic dysfunction, but also cardiopulmonary exercise testing. 2 This was used to include patients who demonstrated objective evidence of limitation in exercise capacity (peak oxygen consumption at maximal exercise, Vo 2 peak , <80% predicted for age and sex), with a pattern of gas exchange indicating that this limitation was cardiac in origin.Furthermore, we included a separate group of asymptomatic hypertensive patients.This group nevertheless had reduced exercise capacity.The purpose of this group was to assess the effects of heart rate reduction in hypertensive patients without symptoms of heart failure.Borlaug et al 3 have highlighted the importance of such chronotropic incompetence in impairing exercise capacity in the HFpEF population.Others too have observed value in the application of exercise echocardiography in diagnosing patients with HFpEF with adverse outcomes. 4With further advancement in our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of HFpEF, diagnostic techniques such as exercise echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise may gain prominence.Refining comprehensive assessment during exercise will likely identify a cohort of patients with clear-cut HFpEF and facilitate clinical trials and clinical practice.
The role of whole-body positron emission tomography with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose in recurrent gastric cancer
Authors: J. Chen, J. H. Cheong, M. J. Yun, W. J. Hyung, J. Kim, S. H. Choi, S. H. Noh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

4065 Background: To assess the value of the whole-body 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scan as a staging modality complementing computer tomography (CT) in patients with known or suspected recurrent gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods: Eighty-seven patients (M:F=61:26)) who underwent curative resection for gastric adenocarcinoma and were referred for postoperative FDG-PET imaging were included in the study. All the patients underwent spiral CT within one month. A final diagnosis was reached by clinical examination, histology or follow up (> 6 months). Results: In a patient-based analysis, FDG-PET correctly identified 46 of 54 patients with recurrence and 31 of 33 without recurrence, resulting in a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 85%, 94%, and 89% respectively. Discordances between FDG-PET and CT findings were found in 27 of 87 patients (31%). Of these, FDG-PET result were correct in 18 (67%) patients, which was higher than that of CT scan (16/27, 59%). In a region-based analysis, 43 regions were discordant between PET and CT, PET detected recurrent lesions in 6 locoregional lesions, 6 hematogenous lesions, 2 peritoneal dissemination, and 6 extra-abdominal lymph node metastases, which were false-negative findings in CT scan. One false-positive finding of peritoneal recurrence in CT scan was corrected by FDG-PET. Overall FDG-PET had additional diagnostic value in 10 (11%) of 87 patients by upstaging 9 (10%) and downstaging 1 (1%) patients. FDG-PET combined with CT had a higher accuracy for detecting recurrent lesions compared to CT or PET alone (98% vs 87%, 98% vs 89%, respectively). Conclusions: The FDG-PET is a useful diagnostic modality for detecting recurrent gastric adenocarcinoma, and can provide information on recurrence site when CT is non-diagnostic. Evaluation with FDG-PET had an impact on the clinical management in the follow-up of patients with gastric cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Phase II trial of capecitabine and docetaxel as second line therapy for locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer
Authors: M. Blaya, G. L. Lopes, E. Roman, E. Ahn, J. Macintyre, J. Quesada, J. Levi, G. Walker, M. Green, C. M. Rocha Lima
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

15029 Background: Docetaxel and Capecitabine in combination are synergistic in preclinical models. The role of second line chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer is palliative and the role under investigation. Methods: Capecitabine 800 mg/m 2 PO bid on days 1–14 in combination with docetaxel 30 mg/m 2 IV on days 1 and 8 of each 21-day cycle were given to patients with advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer previously treated with Gemcitabine. A 3-stage sequential design phase II trial was used with early stopping rules for efficacy at 13 and 26 enrolled patients Results: Twenty-four patients are evaluable for toxicity and evaluable for response. Thirteen are females and 11 male patients. Median age was 65 years. ECOG PS was as follows: PS 0: 2 patients; PS 1: 15 patients; PS 2: 5 patients. Three patients achieved a PR, with a RR of 12.5%. Stable disease for 2 or more cycles was observed in 70.8% of patients (n=17). 45 % (n=11) of patients had a 50% or more decrease in CA 19–9 levels. Treatment was well tolerated with no toxic deaths. Grade III and IV toxicities consisted of fatigue in 4 pts (17%); hand-foot syndrome in 4 patients (17%); diarrhea, anemia and mucositis in 2 patients (9%) and peripheral neuropathy in one patient (4%) Conclusions: The combination of capecitabine and docetaxel is active and well tolerated in pancreatic cancer previously treated with gemcitabine based-therapy. Enrollment continues. [Table: see text]
Case 28-1999
Authors: Leslie A. Shinobu, Matthew P. Frosch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Presentation of CaseA 68-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of rapidly progressive dementia and a gait disorder.The patient had been well until about one year earlier, when she began to have vague problems with her memory. Three months before admission, a rapid progression of cognitive deficits was observed, with word-finding problems and confusion. On one occasion the patient tripped and thereafter began to experience “quivering” in the legs, with loss of coordination. She became barely able to stand, even with the aid of a walker. Over a period of weeks, a gait apraxia, worsening ataxia, lethargy, . . .
P206 Experience of establishing funding for a home IV service for bronchiectasis
Authors: A Booth, A McCleary, RA Thomas
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> The benefit of intravenous (IV) antibiotics in bronchiectasis has been established,<sup>1</sup> and IV antibiotics can be safely delivered in a domicillary setting.<sup>2</sup> We report on the experience of obtaining funding through the CCG to establish a service delivering IV antibiotics safely and effectively to people with bronchiectasis at home. <h3>Methods</h3> The model for home IV antibiotics involved a vascular surgeon placing a PICC line on day one under guided ultrasound, and an initial review by specialist nurse and physiotherapist. The specialist nurse administered the first dose. Education on line care, anaphylaxis and potential complications was provided. Drugs were delivered via a homecare company, Calea, and home IV doses were administered by specialist nurses from the homecare company. At the end of the course patients were reviewed by the specialist bronchiectasis nurse. <h3>Results</h3> Negotiations with the CCG agreed funding for the service with 7.5 h of specialist nurse time and to meet the costs of the homecare company. Between July 2014 and July 2015 9 patients underwent 10 IV courses. A total of 132 days IV antibiotics were given, with 96 (73%) being given at home. This saved bed days, at an estimated saving of £26,400. Seventy seven home visits were conducted by the homecare company specialist nurses at a cost of £5625 and the homecare drug cost was £6134 (total £11,759 or £1,175 per course). Overall cost savings amounted to approximately £20,266 for the ten courses, or £2,026 per course. One patient had to return to hospital for replacement of their line due to mechanical phlebitis, but was still able to complete the entire course. Qualitative feedback is being sought via patient questionnaires, and has proved very positive. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Administering IV antibiotics at home for people with bronchiectasis is safe, reduces inpatient bed days and is cost effective. <h3>References</h3> 1 Murray MP, Turnbull K, Macquarrie S, Hill AT. Assessing response to treatment of exacerbations of bronchiectasis in adults.<i> Eur Respir J</i>. 2009;<b>33</b>:312–8 2 Bedi P, Sidhu MK, Donaldson LS, <i>et al</i>. A prospective cohort study of the use of domicillary intravenous antibiotics in bronchiectasis. <i>NPJ Prim Care Respir Med</i>. 2014;<b>24</b>:14090
Long-Term Outcomes after Treatment for Refractory Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Robert McMillan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

To the Editor: In April 1993, my colleagues and I reported in the Journal our experience with combination chemotherapy as a treatment for patients with severe refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura.1 We now provide long-term follow-up data on the initial eight patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura and on four additional patients (Table 1). All patients had severe disease with periodic mucosal bleeding, and in all splenectomy had failed, as had an average of five other therapies. Of the 12 patients treated, 5 had a complete remission (a normal platelet count) and 1 had a partial remission (a platelet count of more . . .
Reduced Binding of [<sup>3</sup>H]l,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>in the Parathyroid Glands of Patients with Renal Failure
Authors: Adel B. Korkor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

This study examined the hypothesis that altered binding of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) to parathyroid receptors might be involved in the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with chronic renal failure. The binding of [3H]1,25-(OH)2D3 to hyperplastic parathyroid glands obtained from seven patients with chronic renal failure was measured. These values were compared with those for binding to hyperplastic parathyroid tissue obtained from six patients who had received renal transplants and for binding to parathyroid adenomas removed from five patients who had primary hyperparathyroidism. We found that Nmax (an estimate of the concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptors) was reduced (42±15 fmol per milligram of protein) in patients with chronic renal failure as compared with patients with transplanted kidneys (78±24 fmol per milligram of protein) and patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (114±30). Nmax correlated inversely with the severity of renal dysfunction, the serum level of phosphorus, and the logarithm of the serum level of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone. These observations suggest that 1,25-(OH)2D3 binding by parathyroid tissue is reduced in chronic renal failure. This may contribute to the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism by reducing the inhibition by 1,25-(OH)2D of parathyroid hormone secretion. The low serum levels of 1,25-(OH)2D in chronic renal failure may accentuate this effect. (N Engl J Med 1987; 316:1573–77.)
Hyponatremia among Triathletes in the Ironman European Championship
Authors: Matthias Danz, Klaus Pöttgen, Philip M Tönjes, Jochen Hinkelbein, Stefan Braunecker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

Hyponatremia may occur among Ironman triathletes. The authors obtained venous blood samples from Ironman triathletes and found that female participants and slower participants appear to be at highest risk.
Mapping the Human Platelet Lipidome Reveals Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 as a Regulator of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics during Activation
Authors: David A. Slatter, Maceler Aldrovandi, Anne O’Connor, Stuart M. Allen, Christopher J. Brasher, Robert C. Murphy, Sven Mecklemann, Saranya Ravi, Victor Darley-Usmar, Valerie B. O’Donnell
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2016)

Human platelets acutely increase mitochondrial energy generation following stimulation. Herein, a lipidomic circuit was uncovered whereby the substrates for this are exclusively provided by cPLA2, including multiple fatty acids and oxidized species that support energy generation via β-oxidation. This indicates that acute lipid membrane remodeling is required to support energetic demands during platelet activation. Phospholipase activity is linked to energy metabolism, revealing cPLA2 as a central regulator of both lipidomics and energy flux. Using a lipidomic approach (LipidArrays), we also estimated the total number of lipids in resting, thrombin-activated, and aspirinized platelets. Significant diversity between genetically unrelated individuals and a wealth of species was revealed. Resting platelets demonstrated ∼5,600 unique species, with only ∼50% being putatively identified. Thrombin elevated ∼900 lipids >2-fold with 86% newly appearing and 45% inhibited by aspirin supplementation, indicating COX-1 is required for major activation-dependent lipidomic fluxes. Many lipids were structurally identified. With ∼50% of the lipids being absent from databases, a major opportunity for mining lipids relevant to human health and disease is presented.
Brief Communication: Growth of Transplanted and Induced Tumors in Rats Under a Schedule of Punished behavior2
Authors: Prabhati Ray, S. N. Pradhan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Brief Communication: Growth of Transplanted and Induced Tumors in Rats Under a Schedule of Punished behavior Get access Prabhati Ray, Prabhati Ray Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. N. Pradhan S. N. Pradhan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 2, February 1974, Pages 575–577, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.2.575 Published: 01 February 1974 Article history Received: 17 August 1973 Accepted: 01 November 1973 Published: 01 February 1974
Experience with Phosphoryl Transferase Inhibition in Subacute Necrotizing Encephalomyelopathy
Authors: Jack R. Cooper, Jonathan H. Pincus, Yoshinori Itokawa, Katalin Piros
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

A diagnostic test for urinary inhibition of thiamine pyrophosphate-adenosine triphosphate phosphoryl transferase uncovered five definite and three probable cases of subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy in a period of one year, suggesting that the disease is not as rare as originally believed. In addition, the distribution of thiamine phosphates in a sample of brain from another patient who died of the disease was examined. As in a previous study, thiamine triphosphate was not present in the brain, in contrast to four control samples. This result substantiates our contention that patients with subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy elaborate a factor found in blood and urine that inhibits the synthesis of thiamine triphosphate in brain.
William Gordon Stables
Authors: Henry R. Viets
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

ONE of the most unusual deviations from the practice of medicine occurred in 1886, when a former Navy surgeon turned his hobby of touring England in the summer by a horse-drawn caravan into a profitable second vocation of gentleman gypsy and author. In a book narrating his wandering through the countryside with his family William Gordon Stables describes his caravan as 20 feet long, fully equipped to sleep 4, with pantry, kitchen and lounge (Fig. 1). Bedding was stored on the roof, and all the fittings were shipshape and neat, as in a sea cabin cruiser. A dog was soon . . .
Abstract P122: Postconditioning to Reduce Infarct Size Following Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tim Lockie, Ian Webb, Amedeo Chiribiri, Mrin Saha, Christian Jansen, Rupert Williams, Sven Plein, Divaka Perera, Simon Redwood, Michael Marber
Journal: Circulation (2009)

BACKGROUND: Postconditioning (PC) is a novel strategy to reduce reperfusion injury following myocardial infarction through graded restoration of blood flow. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging...
Euthanasia — A Critique
Authors: P A Singer, M Siegler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

A vigorous medical and political debate has begun again on euthanasia, a practice proscribed 2500 years ago in the Hippocratic oath.1 2 3 4 The issue has been publicized recently in three widely divergent settings: a journal article, a legislative initiative in California, and public policy in the Netherlands.The case of "Debbie" shows that euthanasia can be discussed openly in a respected medical journal. "It's Over, Debbie" was an anonymous, first-person account of euthanasia, published on January 8, 1988, in the Journal of the American Medical Association, 5 6 7 8 that stimulated widespread discussion and elicited spirited replies. Later in 1988, perhaps as a result, . . .