tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia in Tampere University Hospital: a case-control study, Finland October 2002 to January 2010
Authors: P Rahikka, J Syrjänen, R Vuento, J Laine, R Huttunen
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a frequent pathogen in blood cultures in Pirkanmaa Hospital District (HD), Finland. To study risk factors for MRSA bacteraemia and the adequacy of empirical antimicrobial treatment, we retrospectively reviewed the hospital records of 102 patients, 51 with MRSA, and 51 with meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteraemias respectively, who had been admitted to Tampere University Hospital in Pirkanmaa HD, from October 2002 to January 2010. For each patient with MRSA bacteraemia, one consecutively detected unmatched patient with MSSA bacteraemia was chosen as control. Patients with MRSA bacteraemias were significantly older (median age: 73 years vs 59 years, p=0.001), were more likely to have been transferred directly from another healthcare facility or were already in the hospital at the onset of bacteraemia (39/51 vs 26/51, p=0.007) and had a higher McCabe class than patients with MSSA bacteraemia (p=0.005). Patients with MRSA bacteraemia more seldom received adequate empirical antimicrobial therapy when compared to those with MSSA bacteraemia (13/51 vs 43/51, p&lt;0.001). Of previously known MRSA carriers 10 of 29 received adequate empirical antimicrobial therapy for their condition. The percentage of MRSA bacteraemias among all S. aureus bacteraemias in Pirkanmaa HD is high compared to corresponding figures for the whole of Finland.
The Cytochemical Localization of Esterase
Authors: M. S. Burstone
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1957)

Journal Article The Cytochemical Localization of Esterase Get access M. S. Burstone M. S. Burstone National Institute of Dental Research,2Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 18, Issue 2, February 1957, Pages 167–172, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/18.2.167 Published: 01 February 1957 Article history Received: 04 September 1956 Published: 01 February 1957
SAT0219 Methotrexate-Induced Reduction in Concentration of HBA1C in Rheumatoid and Psoriatic Arthritis is Not Correlated with Sustained Increase in Erythrocyte ZMP or Urinary Aicar Concentration
Authors: K. Perdan-Pirkmajer, S. Pirkmajer, M. Thevis, A. Thomas, S. Praprotnik, A. Hočevar, Ž. Rotar, N. Gašperšič, S. Sodin-Šemrl, J. Žibert, J. Omersel, A. Chibalin, M. Tomišič, A. Ambrožič
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Methotrexate (MTX) may reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in rheumatoid (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Animal studies suggest that MTX could reduce this risk by inducing intracellular accumulation of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-59-monophosphate (ZMP). However, whether MTX therapy leads to chronic increase in ZMP concentration in RA or PsA patients has not been determined. <h3>Objectives</h3> We explored whether improvements in glucose homeostasis during MTX therapy in RA or PsA are associated with changes in concentration of ZMP or its metabolite 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR). <h3>Methods</h3> Newly diagnosed nondiabetic, MTX-naïve, RA (2010 ACR/EULAR criteria) and PsA (CASPAR criteria) patients were enrolled between December 2012 and June 2013. Patients were treated according to the treat to target approach. DAS28ESR and the metabolic parameters were followed at baseline and at 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after MTX initiation. Concentration of glycated hemoglobin HbA<sub>1c</sub> and HOMA-IR (fasting glucose (mmol/l) x fasting insulin (μU/ml)/22.5) were determined to assess glucose homeostasis. Erythrocyte ZMP concentration and urinary AICAR concentration were measured with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry at baseline and at 1 and 6 months. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA or Friedman test, followed by an appropriate <i>post hoc</i> test. <h3>Results</h3> 16 RA and 10 PsA patients completed the study (16 female, 10 male). Mean age was 53±12, BMI 28.5±4.6 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and the initial DAS28ESR 5.3±1.3. Remission or low disease activity (DAS28ESR&lt;3.2) was achieved in 20 out of 26 patients at 6 months. HbA<sub>1c</sub> concentration was reduced from 5.80%±0.29% (39.0±3.1 mmol/mol) at baseline to 5.52%±0.31% (36.8±3.5 mmol/mol) at 6 months (<i>P</i>&lt;0.001). HOMA-IR remained unaltered. Reduction in HbA<sub>1c</sub> concentration was observed in 19 out of 26 patients. The number of patients with prediabetes (5.7%≤HbA<sub>1c</sub> concentration at 6 months were not associated with changes in ZMP or AICAR concentration. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Here we show that MTX therapy reduces HbA<sub>1c</sub> concentration in RA or PsA patients. However, MTX does not produce a sustained increase in erythrocyte ZMP or urinary AICAR concentration, suggesting ZMP did not accumulate during MTX therapy. Collectively, our data do not support the notion that MTX improves glucose homeostasis via chronic accumulation of ZMP. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Lise M. Stevens, Alison E. Burke, Robert M. Golub
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Candice M. Monson, PhD; Steffany J. Fredman, PhD; Alexandra Macdonald, PhD; Nicole D. Pukay-Martin, PhD; Patricia A. Resick, PhD; Paula P. Schnurr, PhD
The Effect of Ingestion of Thiouracil on Strain C Mice
Authors: Harold P. Morris, Celia Dubnik Green, Albert J. Dalton
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1951)

Journal Article The Effect of Ingestion of Thiouracil on Strain C Mice Get access Harold P. Morris, Harold P. Morris Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Celia Dubnik Green, Celia Dubnik Green Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Albert J. Dalton Albert J. Dalton National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Healthy, U. S. Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 11, Issue 4, February 1951, Pages 805–815, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/11.4.805 Published: 01 February 1951 Article history Received: 23 October 1950 Published: 01 February 1951
Evaluation of Current Clinical Models for Risk of Progression from Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance to Multiple Myeloma or Related Malignancies in 2028 Persons Followed in the Czech Republic
Authors: Viera Sandecka, Zdenek Adam, Ivan Spicka, Vlastimil Scudla, Evzen Gregora, Vladimir Maisnar, Lucie Brozova, Jiri Jarkovsky, Lucie Rihova, Aneta Mikulasova, David Starostka, Lenka Walterova, Dagmar Adamova, Petr Kessler, Martin Brejcha, Ivan Vonke, Jarmila Obernauerova, Kamila Valentova, Ludek Pour, Jiri Minarik, Jan Straub, Jakub Radocha, Jaromir Gumulec, Roman Hajek
Journal: Blood (2014)
Lithium augmentation in psychotic depression refractory to combined drug treatment
Authors: J C Nelson, C M Mazure
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

In this retrospective study the authors determined the efficacy of lithium added to a combined antipsychotic-antidepressant drug regimen in 21 psychotically depressed patients who had been refractory to combined drug treatment. Response to lithium was then compared with response rates of 15 patients to ECT, the established treatment for nonresponsive delusional depression. Lithium was effective in eight of nine patients with bipolar depression but in only three of 12 patients with unipolar depression; ECT was effective in nine of 15 patients with unipolar depression. Lithium augmentation appeared to be a realistic treatment alternative for refractory bipolar patients but was disappointing in unipolar patients.
Quantitative Studies on the Multiplication of Neoplastic Cells &lt;italic&gt;in Vivo&lt;/italic&gt;. III. Metabolic Stability of Deoxypentose Nucleic Acid and the Use of Labeled Tumor Cells for the Measurement of Growth Curves&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: László Révész, Arne Forssberg, George Klein
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1956)

Quantitative Studies on the Multiplication of Neoplastic Cells in Vivo. III. Metabolic Stability of Deoxypentose Nucleic Acid and the Use of Labeled Tumor Cells for the Measurement of Growth Curves László Révész, László Révész Institute for Cell Research and Genetics and Institute of Radiophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Arne Forssberg, Arne Forssberg Institute for Cell Research and Genetics and Institute of Radiophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar George Klein George Klein Institute for Cell Research and Genetics and Institute of Radiophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 17, Issue 1, July 1956, Pages 37–47, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/17.1.37 Published: 01 July 1956 Article history Received: 21 February 1956 Published: 01 July 1956
Host-Virus Relationships in Rous Sarcoma Tissues &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt;. II. Growth of Extraneous Viruses in Rous Sarcoma and Adult Chick Cells &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: George A. Nankervis, Ted A. Gray, Herbert R. Morgan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1959)

The susceptibility of Rous sarcoma cells and adult chick fibroblastic cells to infection with several viruses, when cultivated in monolayers in vitro, was investigated. There appears to be no difference between the two types of cells in respect to susceptibility to infection. Newcastle disease virus, the NWS strain of influenza A virus, Western equine encephalitis, psittacosis, vaccinia, and herpes simplex viruses multiplied in both types of tissue, while PR8 and LEE strains of influenza virus did not multiply in either. Multiplication was always accompanied by a cytopathogenic effect, and with destruction of tumor cells there was a loss of tumor-inciting ability in the culture fluid, except for vaccinia virus. This latter agent showed cellular destruction, but there were always viable cells remaining at the end of the experiment. The Rous sarcoma virus does not appear to act as an effective interfering agent for these other viruses. In fact, these experiments indicate that dual infection of the transformed tumor cell by the tumor virus and by one of a variety of extraneous viruses is probably the rule rather than the exception.
HOME TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: B P POTTER
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mononuclear leukocyte levels of G proteins in depressed patients with bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder
Authors: L T Young, P P Li, A Kamble, K P Siu, J J Warsh
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

Stimulatory (Gs) and inhibitory (G(i)) guanine nucleotide binding protein alpha subunit levels were measured in mononuclear leukocytes from 22 drug-free depressed patients (eight with bipolar disorder, 14 with major depressive disorder) and a comparison group of 17 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. The levels of Gs alpha and G(i) alpha were significantly higher (160% and 114%, respectively) in the bipolar patients, but not the patients with major depressive disorder, than in the healthy subjects. These data add to the evidence for abnormalities in G protein levels and function in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder.
PWE-178 Hiatus hernia in healthy volunteers is associated with lengthening of the cardiac mucosa and intrasphincteric acid exposure without traditional reflux
Authors: EV Robertson, MH Derakhshan, AA Wirz, YY Lee, SA Ballantyne, JJ Going, KEL McColl
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Hiatus hernia (HH) is a key mediator of reflux in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease but little is known about the role of HH in the general population. Adenocarcinoma of the gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ) often occurs in those with no prior history of reflux. We studied the GOJ in healthy volunteers with and without HH to determine if asymptomatic HH is associated with abnormalities which might predispose individuals to adenocarcinoma. <h3>Method</h3> We compared 15 volunteers with HH but without gastro-oesophageal reflux disease with 15 age and gender matched controls. Jumbo biopsy specimens were taken across the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ). High resolution pHmetry (12 sensors) and manometry (36 sensors) was performed in the upright and supine postures, before and after a meal. The SCJ was marked with an endoscopically placed clip and visualised fluoroscopically using the manometer as internal reference. <h3>Results</h3> The cardiac mucosa was significantly longer in those with HH (3.5mm, IQR 1.0) compared with controls (2.5mm, IQR 1.0) (p = 0.014). The SCJ was more proximally sited within the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) in those with HH at 1.23cm (IQR 2.07) from upper border LOS in HH group compared with 2.53cm (IQR 1.57) in controls (p = 0.019). There was more proximal extension of acid within the LOS in the HH group (1.1 cm (IQR 3.0) from upper border LOS in HH group vs 2.55cm in controls (IQR 4.73) (p = 0.022). Short segment reflux, measured 1cm above LOS was more pronounced in those with HH in the supine posture after the meal (pH below 4 5.45% of time in HH group vs 0.30% in controls, p = 0.011) but similar in the other phases studied. There was no evidence of excessive acid reflux at 5cm above LOS in either group. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In healthy volunteers with HH, there is intra-sphincteric extension of acid and short segment acid reflux without traditional reflux. The cardiac mucosa is lengthened which may represent metaplastic transformation and predispose to adenocarcinoma. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Integrated Interventions for Improving Total Worker Health: A Panel Report From the National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop: Total Worker Health—What's Work Got to Do With It?
Authors: Cathy J. Bradley, David C. Grossman, Rebecca A. Hubbard, Alexander N. Ortega, Susan J. Curry
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

This National Institutes of Health (NIH) Pathways to Prevention workshop was cosponsored by the NIH Office of Disease Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A multidisciplinary working group developed the agenda, and an evidence-based practice center prepared an evidence report through a contract with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. During the 1.5-day workshop, experts discussed the body of evidence and participants commented during open discussions. After weighing the data from the evidence report, expert presentations, and public comments, an unbiased, independent panel prepared a draft report that identified research gaps and future research priorities. The report was posted on the NIH Office of Disease Prevention Web site for 5 weeks for public comment. This article highlights 8 recommendations critical for advancing the science of integrated interventions to improve the total health of workers.
PTH-255 Do children with feeding difficulties have gastro oesophageal reflux ?: Abstract PTH-255 Table 1
Authors: TIY Hassan, J Koeglmeier
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Feeding difficulties such as failure of texture progression and oral aversion occur in a number of young children referred to a paediatric Gastroenterologist to establish if gastro oesophageal reflux (GOR) disease is a contributing factor. The aim of this study is to analyse PH/impedance studies in children referred for assessment of GOR as a possible cause of an underlying feeding difficulties <h3>Method</h3> All ph/impedance studies recorded between October 2008 and October 2014 were obtained from the departmental database and reviewed retrospectively. Patients with feeding difficulties who were referred for evaluation of GOR were identified. Data on gender, age, presence of comorbidity such as chromosomal or structural malformation, neurological abnormalities mode of feeding (e.g. oral, nasogastric/nasojejunal or gastrostomy) and the outcome of the ph/impedancy study report were collected. Patients on jejunal feeds and those failed the test due to technical difficulties with the equipment were excluded from the study. Data was analysed using SPSS <h3>Results</h3> During the study period 1123 patients had a ph/Impedance study, of whom 102 were referred because of feeding difficulties. Ten were excluded due to technical failure and 4 as Jejunally fed. At total of 88/102 (57 male) were hence included. Only 33/88 (37.5%) had GOR. There was no statistically significant difference between children with and without GOR (p = 0.3) <h3>Conclusion</h3> In our cohort 37.5% (33/88) of children with feeding difficulties had GOR. Thirty percent (26/88) of patients had food allergy, 50% (44/88) an underlying neurological abnormality and 35% (31/88) were developmentally delayed. In otherwise healthy children only 10% with feeding difficulties had GOR. Other causes for the feeding problems should hence be ruled out. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Harween Dogra, Bhavini Lad and Dinesh Sirisena: Paediatric gastro-oesphageal reflux disease. <i>BJMP</i>2011;<b>4</b>(2):a412
The Effects of Heterologous Immune Serums upon HeLa Cells &lt;italic&gt;in Vitro&lt;/italic&gt; and Rat-HeLa Tumors &lt;italic&gt;in Vivo&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Robert M. McAllister, Paul W. Grunmeier, Lewis L. Coriell, Robert R. Marshak
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1958)

Heterologous immune serums against HeLa cells were prepared in rabbits, rats, and a tuberculin-sensitive cow. The effects of these immune serums in vitro upon HeLa cells were studied by means of a cytotoxic metabolic inhibition test (CMI), the complement-fixation test, and by agglutination tests. The CMI test was sensitive, quantitative, and reproducible. The cytotoxic activity of the cow immune serum was heat resistant, removed by heating to 60° C. for 30 minutes, restored by adding fresh unheated serum, and demonstrated a number of properties compatible with the presence of a specific cytotoxic antibody. The protective effect in vivo of the cow immune serum was studied by the quantitative and reproducible rat-HeLa tumor technique. Good correlation was obtained between the number of HeLa cells killed in the CMI test and the number killed in vivo in the rat-protection tests.
Positron-emission tomography reveals early flare in uptake of FLT in tumors following chemotherapy with gemcitabine
Authors: G. A. McArthur, R. M. Hicks, D. R. Shalinsky, D. Binns, C. O’Kane, A. Hogg, R. Fisher, T. J. McCarthy, K. A. Anderes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

2537 Background: Strategies to monitor molecular &amp; cellular responses to novel cell cycle targeting agents are vital to provide proof of their mechanism &amp; biological activity. In developing biomarkers for the novel chk1 inhibitor, PF-477736, we demonstrated that gemcitabine chemotherapy induced a significant increase, or flare, in uptake of the PET tracer, 3’-deoxy-3’flurothymidine (FLT), into tumor xenografts 24 h after dosing (Proc ASCO 24:A3045, 2006). We postulated that an early flare in FLT may also occur following gemcitabine therapy in human tumors. Methods: Eligible patients had at least 1 malignant lesion identified by CT scan outside of a previous radiation field. Patients received a baseline FLT-PET scan day-1 to -4 relative to 1st dose of gemcitabine at 1,000 mg/m 2 , and a post dose FLT- PET scan 22–26 h after gemcitabine. Endpoints were FLT uptake as assessed by: SUV; a qualitative scoring system; and tumor-to-background (T:B) ratios using liver, mediastinum and bone marrow as references. Results: Six of 8 planned patients with 14 index lesions have been accrued in this pilot study. 4/6 patients demonstrated increased uptake of FLT as defined by &gt;50% increase in SUV or T:B ratio in at least 1 lesion. Analysing all index lesions showed an increase in FLT-uptake post gemcitabine as assessed by a 4 point qualitative scoring system from 1.6±0.2 to 2.7±0.1 (p=0.01) or T:B 1.1±0.2 to 2.0±0.3 (p&lt;0.01) using liver as a reference. Interestingly in contrast to increased uptake in tumors, uptake of FLT in bone marrow was reduced from an SUV of 6.4±0.6 to 3.4±0.7 (p&lt;0.01) following gemcitabine. Conclusion: Following treatment with gemcitabine there was an early flare in uptake of FLT into many tumors. In contrast, uptake in bone marrow was reduced. FLT-PET appears to be a promising tool to monitor the cell cycle response of both tumor and bone marrow to cytotoxic chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Dream process in asthmatic subjects with nocturnal attacks
Authors: J Monday, J Montplaisir, J L Malo
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

Polygraphic sleep recordings were made and dream reports collected over 3 consecutive nights for 12 asthmatic subjects with nocturnal attacks and 12 matched normal control subjects. The asthmatic group 1) had more episodes of a vivid impression of dreaming without recollection of dream content ("white dreams") after awakening spontaneously in the morning (nights 1 and 2) and after awakening immediately following REM sleep (night 3), 2) used shorter sentences in dream narrations, and 3) had no dream recall when awakened during nocturnal asthma attacks. The authors suggest that conflictual material emerging during REM or other sleep stages may contribute to the occurrence of nocturnal attacks but is repressed on awakening.