tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTH-044 Single port laparoscopic ileoanal pouch surgery: is this the end of the era of open surgery for ulcerative colitis?
Authors: D Singh, P Ainley, DK Garg, TS Gill
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Ileoanal pouch surgery is still being done as an open procedure in many centres in spite of advancement of skills in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. There is plenty of evidence to show the early advantages of laparoscopic colorectal surgery but we believe that even the long term outcomes are likely to be better for pouch surgery. Single port laparoscopic ileoanal pouch surgery through the stoma site is a very attractive option. <h3>Method</h3> All patients undergoing restorative proctocolectomy or completion proctectomy and ileoanal pouch surgery since 2011 were included. Retrospective analysis performed from a prospectively collected database after confirmation by reviewing patient case notes. All operations were performed laparoscopically by using a multichannel single port device through ileostomy site. Specimen removed from the port site and 20 cm J pouch anastomosed to the anal canal. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 14 patients (M:F –7:7) with a median age of 27 years (range 17–52 years) underwent single port laparoscopic Ileal pouch anal anastomosis. Their median BMI was 25.75 (range 19.5–40) with a median ASA of 2 (range 1–3). The procedure was completed laparoscopically through the stoma site in all patients except two who required suprapubic incision for division of anorectal junction. The median operating time was 230 mins (range 130–420 mins). The median hospital stay was 4 days (range 3–10). All the patients started taking normal diet by day 2 and stoma started functioning at a median of day 2. Two patients had readmission within 30 days due to stoma related complications. Median interval of reversal of ileostomy was 11 weeks (range 5–20 weeks) with one patient still awaiting reversal as it was done recently. Median stool frequency was 4/24 h, one patient had recurrent pouchitis which settled with probiotics. All patients are satisfied with their recovery, pouch function and continence. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Ileoanal pouch surgery can be done safely as a single port laparoscopic procedure through the ileostomy site with very good pouch function. Open surgery with long incision is not required for these patients as better results can be achieved by single port laparoscopic surgery. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Preexisting immunity as a potential biomarker for clinical response to AE37 vaccination in breast cancer patients
Authors: N.F. Pistamaltzian, E.A. Anastasopoulou, P. Tzonis, J. Kalogeropoulou, A. Ardavanis, E.A. Mittendorf, G.E. Peoples, C.N. Baxevanis, M. Papamichail, S.A. Perez
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Effects of Coronary-Artery Bypass on Global and Regional Left Ventricular Function during Exercise
Authors: Kenneth M. Kent, Jeffry S. Borer, M. V. Green, Stephen L. Bacharach, C. L. McIntosh, D. M. Conkle, Stephen E. Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

To determine the effect of coronary revascularization on exercise-induced abnormalities of left ventricular-ejection fraction and regional contraction, we obtained electrocardiograph-gated 99mTc radionuclide cineangiograms before and after operation in 23 consecutive patients. At rest, their average ejection fraction remained unchanged: 51 +/- 3 versus 54 +/- 4 per cent (+/- S.E.M.). However, 17 of the patients showed improvement of ejection fraction during postoperative exercise (increase of 51 per cent). The remaining six patients had no change or a decreased ejection fraction during exercise. All patients with improved ejection fractions during exercise were symptomatically improved. No improvement of regional function occurred at rest, but improvement did occur in regions of exercise-induced dysfunction. Although coronary revascularization has little effect on left ventricular function at rest, the ejection fraction during exercise and exercise-induced wall-motion abnormalities improve in most patients who experience symptomatic improvement.
Neuropsychiatric safety and efficacy of varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine patch in smokers with and without psychiatric disorders (EAGLES): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Robert M Anthenelli, Neal L Benowitz, Robert West, Lisa St Aubin, Thomas McRae, David Lawrence, John Ascher, Cristina Russ, Alok Krishen, A Eden Evins
Journal: The Lancet (2016)
Abstract 3072: miR-551b amplification regulates STAT3 expression and resistance to anoikis of ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Pradeep Chaluvally Raghavan, Sunila Pradeep, Yiling Lu, Anil Sood, Gordon Mills
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Background and Hypothesis: The 3q26.2 locus is highly amplified in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Recently we identified two microRNAs, miR569 and miR551b are located in the 3q26 amplicon are highly expressed in the HGSOC due to the 3q26.2 amplification. However, the potential role of microRNAs amplified at 3q26 amplicon and their functions in tumorigenesis have not been well studied. In this study we have identified the mechanism how miR551b promote the tumor growth and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells. Methods and Results: High-resolution SNP-based copy number analysis of 533 high-grade serous ovarian cancer samples demonstrated that miR551b is highly amplified in ∼35% of HGSOC patients’ samples. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of ovarian cancer samples demonstrated a marked increase in the level of mature miR551b in tumors with the 3q26.2 amplicon, relative to the non-amplified tumor samples as a consequence of the 3q26.2 amplicon. Of note, miR551b is expressed highly in the metastatic tumors than the primary tumors of ovary. Our reverse phase protein array (RPPA) demonstrated that enforced expression of miR551b increased the expression c-KIT, STAT3 and PCNA proteins. Importantly miR551b expression activated the ERK signaling pathway and inhibited the expression of BIM protein. Strikingly, the expression of miR551b induced the survival and proliferation of ovarian surface epithelial cells detached from extracellular matrix. Knock down of STAT3 using target specific siRNA abrogate the miR551b mediated c-KIT and PCNA expression and abolished the resistance to anoikis. Summary: Our results posit that copy number alterations (CNAs) of miR551b primarily regulate the increased levels of mature miR551b. Mechanistic studies revealed that miR-551b regulate the expression of important oncogenes such as STAT3 and c-KIT, in turn causes resistance to anoikis. Resistance to anoikis is the key mechanism enhances the survival and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity. Of note our results demonstrates that miR-551b regulate c-Kit expression in STAT3 dependent manner. In conclusion, our results propose that the STAT3 expression induced by miR551b is the key mechanism regulates survival and metastasis of HGSOC cells. Citation Format: Pradeep Chaluvally Raghavan, Sunila Pradeep, Yiling Lu, Anil Sood, Gordon Mills. miR-551b amplification regulates STAT3 expression and resistance to anoikis of ovarian cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3072. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3072
Interaction Analysis of Selective and Nonselective Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity23
Authors: M. Takasugi, M. R. Mickey
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Interaction Analysis of Selective and Nonselective Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Get access M. Takasugi, M. Takasugi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. R. Mickey M. R. Mickey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 57, Issue 2, August 1976, Pages 255–261, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/57.2.255 Published: 01 August 1976 Article history Received: 12 August 1975 Accepted: 30 January 1976 Published: 01 August 1976
Diabetes Medications as Monotherapy or Metformin-Based Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Nisa M. Maruthur, Eva Tseng, Susan Hutfless, Lisa M. Wilson, Catalina Suarez-Cuervo, Zackary Berger, Yue Chu, Emmanuel Iyoha, Jodi B. Segal, Shari Bolen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Clinicians and patients need updated evidence on the comparative effectiveness and safety of diabetes medications to make informed treatment choices.To evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of monotherapy (thiazolidinediones, metformin, sulfonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 [DPP-4] inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 [SGLT-2] inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] receptor agonists) and selected metformin-based combinations in adults with type 2 diabetes.English-language studies from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, indexed from inception through March 2015 (MEDLINE search updated through December 2015).Paired reviewers independently identified 179 trials and 25 observational studies of head-to-head monotherapy or metformin-based combinations.Two reviewers independently assessed study quality and serially extracted data and graded the strength of evidence.Cardiovascular mortality was lower for metformin versus sulfonylureas; the evidence on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular morbidity, and microvascular complications was insufficient or of low strength. Reductions in hemoglobin A1c values were similar across monotherapies and metformin-based combinations, except that DPP-4 inhibitors had smaller effects. Body weight was reduced or maintained with metformin, DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT-2 inhibitors and increased with sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, and insulin (between-group differences up to 5 kg). Hypoglycemia was more frequent with sulfonylureas. Gastrointestinal adverse events were highest with metformin and GLP-1 receptor agonists. Genital mycotic infections were increased with SGLT-2 inhibitors.Most studies were short, with limited ability to assess rare safety and long-term clinical outcomes.The evidence supports metformin as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes, given its relative safety and beneficial effects on hemoglobin A1c, weight, and cardiovascular mortality (compared with sulfonylureas). On the basis of less evidence, results for add-on therapies to metformin were similar to those for monotherapies.Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Acute Appendicitis Complicating the Acute Infectious Diseases of Childhood
Authors: Knowles B. Lawrence, George W. Waring
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

ACUTE appendicitis in children displays certain features in its pathology, clinical course, diagnosis and treatment, which vary considerably from those of the disease in adults. The development of appendicitis during the course of one of the acute infectious diseases or in a child exposed to them further complicates the problem.It seems to be commonly accepted opinion that certain of the contagious diseases, such as measles, tend to be complicated by a higher than normal incidence of appendicitis, that the diagnosis of acute appendicitis is apt to be rendered more difficult or masked by the presence of one of these . . .
Case 37-2001
Authors: Sigal Yawetz, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Presentation of CaseA 76-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of atrial fibrillation and increasing dyspnea.The patient had been well until three weeks earlier, during an unseasonably warm period in late autumn, when a nonproductive cough without fever developed. Nine days later, the cough became productive, although the patient remained afebrile. Azithromycin was prescribed, but fever and chilliness developed, with nausea, vomiting, anorexia, mild bitemporal headache, and abdominal pain. He stopped taking the azithromycin after four days.Three days before admission, the patient went to a local hospital, where the temperature was 37.9°C and conjunctival injection was . . .
Effect of Weight Loss without Salt Restriction on the Reduction of Blood Pressure in Overweight Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Efrain Reisin, Rachel Abel, Michaela Modan, Donald S. Silverberg, Haskel E. Eliahou, Baruch Modan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Overweight patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension were followed up biweekly for six months: 24 not receiving antihypertensive-drug therapy (Group I) and 83 on regular but inadequate (despite drug manipulation) antihypertensive-drug therapy (Group II). All patients in Group I and 57 randomly selected patients from group II (IIa) participated in a weight-reduction program. The remaining 26 from Group II (IIb) did not receive a dietary program. Salt intake was in the normal range in all three groups. All patients on the dietary program lost at least 3 kg (mean, 10.5 kg), and all but two showed a meaningful reduction in blood pressure; 75 per cent of Group I and 61 per cent of Group IIa returned to normal blood pressure. The weight and blood-pressure reductions were highly significant (P less than 0.001), were present in both sexes and all ages, and were directly associated. In Group IIb, no significant change in blood pressure or weight occurred (P greater than 0.30).
<i>Mima polymorpha</i>Meningitis
Authors: Magnus Olafsson, Yu Chen Lee, Theodore J. Abernethy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

IN 1939 De Bord1 reported the isolation of a gramnegative pleomorphic organism from patients with urethral discharge, as well as from healthy persons, to which the name Mima polymorpha was given because of its variable morphologic characteristics and its mimicry of other gram-negative organisms, particularly neisserieae. De Bord emphasized the difficulties of making a positive diagnosis of gonorrhea on the basis of urethral smears alone. Since this original description the organism has been classified by cultural and fermentation characteristics as one of three genera within the tribe mimeae. Members of this tribe are M. polymorpha, Herrellea vaginicola (after d'Herelle) and . . .
Surgical Management of Spastic Diplegia in Cerebral Palsy
Authors: T S Park, J H Owen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

SPASTIC diplegia is a form of cerebral palsy characterized by spastic weakness exclusively or primarily of the lower extremities.1 , 2 This disorder of movement and posture is particularly important because it afflicts the majority of patients with cerebral palsy, and its associated motor disabilities are almost invariably permanent.2 PathogenesisSpastic diplegia is directly related to premature birth and low birth weight.3 , 4 Cerebral palsy in premature children is manifested as spastic diplegia in about 70 percent of the cases.5 At least one third and perhaps 65 percent of all patients with spastic diplegia were born prematurely.3 The remainder are born at term. . . .
Case 3-2005
Authors: Esther J. Israel, Lynne L. Levitsky, Sudha A. Anupindi, Martha B. Pitman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A 14-year-old boy was evaluated because of slow growth and delayed puberty. His growth chart showed that about four years earlier his rate of weight gain had slowed from approximately the 50th to the 25th percentile. He was otherwise asymptomatic. Hand radiographs showed a bone age of 12 years 6 months. A diagnostic procedure was performed.
Marijuana and Health
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Of all the illicit drugs available in this country, marijuana is by far the most widely used and the most controversial.During the late '60s and early 70s, "pot" was the symbol of the drug counterculture, but its use has increased so much recently, particularly among middle-class adolescents and young adults, that smoking marijuana has become almost a social norm. By 1979 more than 50 million Americans had tried it at least once. In 1981, 7 per cent of the high-school seniors surveyed said that they used it daily, and 46 per cent said they had used it at least . . .
Case 10-2014
Authors: Victor Chiappa, Connie Y. Chang, Monique I. Sellas, Virginia M. Pierce, Richard L. Kradin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

A 45-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of diffuse, purple, blanching livedo and signs of severe sepsis. Three days earlier, he had been bitten by a dog. A diagnostic test result was received.
A multidimensional approach to the genetics of schizophrenia
Authors: R H Dworkin, M F Lenzenweger, S O Moldin, G F Skillings, S E Levick
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

To determine which dimensions of psychopathology are associated with a greater liability to develop schizophrenia, the authors examined the case histories of 151 monozygotic probands from five twin studies. Proband twins from pairs concordant for schizophrenia had greater numbers of negative symptoms, poorer premorbid adjustment, fewer paranoid symptoms, and earlier ages at onset than probands from discordant pairs. In discriminant analyses, negative symptoms, premorbid social competence, and paranoid symptoms each contributed to the discrimination between concordant and discordant pairs. These results provide support for Strauss et al.'s suggestion that these three types of symptoms reflect three different functional processes in the development of schizophrenia.
SUV Normalized by Skeletal Volume on 18F-Fluoride PET/CT Studies
Authors: Giovanna Carvalho, José Flávio Gomes Marin, Alexandre Teles Garcez, Paulo Schiavom Duarte, Marcelo Tatit Sapienza, Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

Objective To propose a technique for SUV normalization on 18F-fluoride PET/CT (18F-NaF) studies based on skeletal volume and to compare the SUVs normalized by this technique with the ones normalized by body weight. Methods SUVs were obtained in volumes of interest (VOIs) in proximal diaphyseal regions of the right humerus (HD) and right femur (FD) in 12 selected 18F-NaF studies. The 12 studies presented both regions considered normal by visual examination on PET and CT and were performed in patients presenting body weight below 50 kg (B50) or above 90 kg (A90) (6 patients in each group). The maximum SUVs were calculated in these 2 bone regions in both groups of patients using body weight (SUV BW) and skeletal volume (SUV SV) methodologies. The total skeletal volume for each patient was estimated based on whole skeletal VOIs automatically defined on the CT component of the PET/CT study. The maximum SUVs calculated using the 2 methodologies were compared. Results The maximum SUVs BW were statistically higher in the group A90 in both regions, with a P < 0.001 and P < 0.008 for FD and HD, respectively. The maximum SUVs SV in the 2 regions were not statistically different between the groups B50 and A90, P values of 0.27 and 0.87 for FD and HD, respectively. Conclusions The SUVs normalized by skeletal volume present similar results in groups of patients with extremes of body weight. Therefore, this methodology could be more adequate than the one normalized by body weight to semiquantitatively analyze 18F-NaF studies.
Trousseau's Sign
Authors: M E Meininger, J S Kendler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Figure 1. A 51-year-old woman with mild hypertension for which she was taking a beta-adrenergic antagonist and a thiazide diuretic was sent to the emergency department because of the discovery of hypocalcemia (serum calcium concentration, 5.4 mg per deciliter [1.3 mmol per liter]) in an outpatient clinic earlier in the day. She described a five-day history of worsening paresthesias in her arms and legs and a one-day history of cramps in her hands and facial muscles. She had also had diarrhea intermittently for two weeks. She reported no alcohol ingestion. Physical examination revealed mild hyperreflexia, Chvostek's sign, and Trousseau's sign, . . .
Consolidation therapy with weekly paclitaxel infusion in ovarian cancer: An extended follow-up
Authors: E. N. Skinner, D. M. Boruta, P. A. Gehrig, J. F. Boggess, W. C. Fowler, L. Van Le
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

5025 Background: Standard treatment for ovarian cancer currently consists of surgery followed by chemotherapy. Consolidation may improve survival outcomes by prolonging the disease-free interval. We evaluated a consolidation regimen with weekly paclitaxel infusion and determined the impact on progression-free survival (PFS). Methods: All women with advanced epithelial ovarian or primary peritoneal carcinoma, treated with paclitaxel consolidation therapy from November 1997 to March 2002, were identified. Consolidation therapy consisted of treatment administered immediately following front-line chemotherapy to patients with no clinical evidence of disease. Treatment consisted of weekly paclitaxel infused at a median dose of 80mg/m2 (60–80 mg/m2) for a maximum of 12 weeks. A chart review was performed to assess the disease status and chemotherapy-related toxicities in all women. Results: Thirty-three women received paclitaxel consolidation therapy over the study period (31 stage III, and 2 stage IV). Twenty-six women had epithelial ovarian carcinoma and seven were diagnosed with primary peritoneal carcinoma. The overall 2-year survival in this study was 85%: 18 women (64%) were without evidence of disease and 10 (36%) were alive with disease. The median PFS was 23 months from the date of diagnosis (range: 10–54 months), with a median time to progression of 19 months (range: 10–53 months). The median follow-up was 33 months (range: 16–72 months). During a total of 430 weeks of consolidation therapy, 1 patient experienced Grade 3 neuropathy and 1 patient developed Grade 3 neutropenia. Conclusion: Consolidation therapy with weekly paclitaxel infusion is a well-tolerated regimen that resulted in a median PFS of 23 months in women who obtained a complete clinical response following induction therapy. Given the lack of side effects and the potential for extending the progression-free survival of those treated, this regimen should be considered when consolidation is planned. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Where Your Data Is Going and Where It's Been
Authors: Jane M. Quigley
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2011)

Collecting data is time-consuming and expensive. Electronic transactions, including electronic medical records and the unification of many billing procedures, have transformed the rate at which data are able to be extracted. Although obstacles remain, the rate at which data are de-identified, collected, and aggregated will help improve safety and standards of care for oncology patients. Everyone participating in the care of oncology patients must understand how important data are as the quality initiatives and performance metrics are numerous and growing; these initiatives cannot be successful without timely, accurate, and quantifiable data that address the continuum of oncology care.