tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OT2-04-02: Metformin for Breast Cancer Prevention: A Pilot Study.
Authors: MM Ledgerwood, H Ojeda-Fournier, R Patterson, F Hasteh, MP Andre, L Cadmus, S Blair
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background There is a body of accumulating evidence connecting metformin, a biguanide derivative which reduces hepatic gluconeogensis and improves skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, to reduced breast cancer risk. This, in addition to a well established drug safety record among diabetics and non-diabetics, has provoked an interest in further study of metformin's effects on breast cancer risk indicators. In our study, we examine the effects of metformin on breast density and proliferative cell marker Ki67, both indicators of breast cancer risk. This is a small observational pilot study to determine the feasibility of subject recruitment, data collection through fine-needle aspiration, and breast density measurement. Trial Design: Recruitment of 10 breast surgery patients with high risk histology to: 1. Undergo peri-areolar fine needle aspiration (RPFNA) used to collect breast cells for analysis of proliferative marker Ki67. 2. Breast density assessment by a) mammography (the standard method) and b) whole-breast ultrasound (an innovative method recently developed at UCSD). Each subject will undergo a single view mammogram, whole-breast ultrasound, and intra-operative RPFNA. No drug or therapeutic intervention will take place in this pilot study. Eligibility: Female undergoing excisional high risk breast surgery. Specific Aims: Aim 1. To determine the feasibility of recruiting high risk breast surgery patients to an observational study involving RPFNA, mammography, and whole-breast ultrasound. Aim 2. a) To compare mammography and whole-breast ultrasound for measurement of breast density. b) To examine potential for detecting biomarkers of cell proliferation through RPFNA. Statistical Method: Breast density will be determined by the ratio of fibroglandular tissue to fat measured on mammogram and WBU. Cell proliferation will be assessed by the percentage of positivity for biomarker Ki67 in breast ductal cells. Accrual and target accrual: Five of ten breast excisional high risk breast surgery subjects have been accrued at this time. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-04-02.
Rebleeding rates after argon plasma coagulation
Authors: X. Feng, E. Linghu
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

The study by May et al. [1] contributes to our understanding of the effectiveness of argon plasma coagulation (APC) during double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) for small-bowel bleeding. The authors analyzed the outcome comprehensively by discussing the results from other articles and examining the limitations of the study. The article has some clinical value due to the long follow-up period and the combination of APC and DBE.
INCIDENCE AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF KOMMERELL DIVERTICULUM AND ANEURYSM
Authors: Joseph Poterucha, Nandan Anavekar, Talha Niaz, Anushree Agarwal, Phillip Young, Joseph Dearani, Naser Ammash, Carole Warnes, Heidi Connolly
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Endoscopic stent treatment of a duodenal ulcer perforation
Authors: T. Holm, A. Rosseland, K. Lundin, B. Røsok, L. Aabakken, G. Bock, G. Lauzikas, H. Thorne
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

There are several choices for a reoperation required because of persistent leakage from perforated ulcers or if the perforations are larger than 2 – 3 cm. Common alternatives are a novel Graham patch closure, Billroth procedure, jejunal serosal patch, and duodenojejunostomy with a Roux-en-Y anastomosis [1] [2]. Many of these are complicated surgical procedures which require prolonged general anesthesia.
FDG PET/CT Imaging Suggests Lymphoma Involving Prostate May Be More Resistant to Treatment
Authors: Geming Li, Manish Dhawan, Amol M Takalkar, David L Lilien
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

FDG PET imaging is generally not useful for prostate cancer. Nevertheless, incidental intense FDG uptake in the prostate warrants further evaluation to assess for prostatic malignancy. We report a case where intense FDG uptake was incidentally noted in an enlarged prostate on FDG PET/CT scan performed for a large left hilar/mediastinal mass (that was also intensely FDG avid along with several additional FDG-avid lesions elsewhere). Biopsy of the prostate and mediastinal lesions revealed large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma at both sites. Serial FDG PET/CT imaging in this patient revealed that the prostatic lymphomatous lesions showed a slower and incomplete response to chemotherapy compared with other sites of lymphomatous involvement (that showed a rapid and complete response to chemotherapy) in the same patient.
Smoking and the First Amendment
Authors: Kevin Outterson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

provide solutions to all the complex problems of health worker migration, it offers needed guidance on possible policy and legislative approaches.There is growing evidence that its legal framework can work as a platform for cooperation to strengthen health workforce systems.Sixtynine countries have thus far designated a national authority responsible for the exchange of information on health worker migration and Code implementation.However, greater efforts are need-ed to ensure effective implementation.It is time for states to muster the political will and resources to act to strengthen health workforce systems everywhere.Disclosure forms provided by the authors are
Abstract 1338: Knockdown of <i>CD24</i> prevents colorectal polyp formation in <i>APCmin/CD2</i>4 double knockout transgenic mice
Authors: Inna Naumov, Alona Zilberberg, Rina Rosin-Arbesfeld, Aroch Ilan, Dina Kazanov, Nadir Arber, Sarah R. Kraus
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Previous studies in our lab have shown that CD24 is a potential oncogene in the colon. CD24, a mucin-like glycoprotein, is overexpressed in 90% of colorectal cancer (CRC) tumors at a fairly early stage in the multistep process of CR carcinogenesis (Sagiv et al., Gastroenterology, 2006). We have also shown that CD24 downregulation by shRNA interference (Sagiv et al., Can Res, 2008) or anti-CD24 mAb targeting (Shapira et al., Gastroenterology, 2011) retarded tumorigenicity of human CRC cell lines and/or reduced tumor volume in nude mice. The APCmin/+ is a popular animal model for studies of human colon carcinogenesis and the molecular changes associated with neoplasia in this system have been partially characterized. These mice have a germline nonsense mutation at codon 850 of the APC gene and spontaneously develop hundreds of polyps, mostly in the small intestine at the age of 10-12 weeks. Aim: To validate the importance of CD24 in intestinal carcinogenesis using a transgenic mouse model with a double knockout (KO) of CD24−/+ /CD24+/− and APCMin/+ alleles. Methods: We generated the CD24−/+/APCMin/+ double KO by crossing the mice with each of the single gene knockouts, in order to obtain both CD24+/−/APCMin/+ and CD24−/+ APCMin/+ genotypes. The double KO mice were followed up thrice a week and sacrificed at 12 weeks of age. Tumors from the entire small and large intestine were counted and verified by histological analysis Results: There was almost a complete absence of polyps in the small intestine in APCMin/+/CD24+/− double heterozygotes compared to that of the parental APCMin/+, CD24+/+ animals: 273±55.4 vs. 6±1.7 polyps, respectively (P=0.0001). APCMin/+and CD24−/+ homozygotes showed a striking lack of polyps (P&amp;lt; 0.0001). This reduction occurred in all sections of the small intestine. Histophatological analysis confirmed the absence of malignant lesions in the double KO mice as compared to the parental mice. Conclusions: 1. A deficiency of only one CD24 allele is sufficient to suppress almost completely polyp formation in the APCMin/+ mice that normally develop hundreds of polyps. 2. Although the mechanism/s underlying the pathophysiologic role of CD24 in the development of CRC are still unknown, these studies suggest that CD24 plays a critical role in the proliferation and progression of CRC and is a potential important target for the prevention and treatment of intestinal neoplasia. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1338. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1338
Combination Chemotherapy as an Adjuvant Treatment in Operable Breast Cancer
Authors: Gianni Bonadonna, Ercole Brusamolino, Pinuccia Valagussa, Anna Rossi, Luisa Brugnatelli, Cristina Brambilla, Mario De Lena, Gabriele Tancini, Emilio Bajetta, Renato Musumeci, Umberto Veronesi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Prolonged cyclic combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil was evaluated as adjuvant treatment to radical mastectomy in primary breast cancer with positive axillary lymph nodes. After 27 months of study, treatment failure occurred in 24 per cent of 179 control patients and in 5.3 per cent of 207 women given combination chemotherapy (P <10–6), the advantage appearing statistically significant in all subgroups of patients. Patients with four or more positive axillary nodes had a higher percent of relapses than those with fewer nodes. The initial new clinical manifestations occurred in distant sites in 81.5 per cent of relapsed patients. Long-term chemotherapy produced an acceptable toxicity, thus allowing the administration of a high percentage of drug dosage. These results should be considered with caution, since, at present, the effect of this therapy on survival and possible long-term side effects remain unknown. (N Engl J Med 294:405–410, 1976)
Abstract 5428: Consumption of S-allylcysteine inhibits tumor growth and progression in a mouse xenograft model of oral cancer
Authors: Feng-Yao Tang, Fu-Yu Wang, Man-Hui Pai
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Oral cancer is a prevalent type of cancer in many countries. Although studies indicated that garlic extracts such as diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide have anti-cancer effects, the chemopreventive effects of aqueous garlic extracts, S-allylcysteine (SAC), on oral cancer have not been studied yet. To this specific aim, we investigated the inhibitory effects of SAC on the proliferation and progression of oral cancer cells in both in vitro and in vivo models. In the present study, our results demonstrated that SAC dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of human oral squamous cancer CAL-27 cells in vitro. The results indicated that SAC stabilized the adherent junction complex of E-cadherin/β-catenin and suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in oral cancer cells through suppression of MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. By study end (4th week), consumption of SAC (at doses of 5 and 40 mg / kg of body weight per day) significantly prevented tumor growth of oral cancer in a mouse xenograft model. Histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining results indicated that SAC could effectively suppress tumor progression including EMT of oral cancer in vivo. The chemopreventive effects of SAC were associated with decreases in cyclin D1 expression and suppression of Akt, mTOR, IκBα, and ERK 1/2 signaling cascades in tumor tissues. SAC consumption could inhibit the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Vimentin, and nuclear NF-κB p65 (RelA) proteins. These results suggested that SAC could act as an effective agent to prevent tumor growth, progression, and EMT of oral cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5428. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5428
Abstract LB-294: GBR 500, a monoclonal VLA-2 antibody inhibits tumor and metastasis growth but not extravasation in a prostate cancer animal model
Authors: Antoine Attinger, Sam Hou, Enrico A. Pesenti, Laura Mancini, Harald Mottl
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract VLA-2 is the alpha2beta1 integrin which mediates interactions of cells with collagens, laminin and other extracellular matrix components. In tumor cells, VLA-2 plays a role in neovascularization, tumor-stroma interactions and metastasis. The objective of this study was to understand the role of VLA-2 in extravasation and metastasis of prostate cancer cells. VLA-2 may play a role by mediating extravasation through the basement membrane or in supporting metastasis growth in the stroma through interactions with the extracellular matrix. We assessed whether GBR 500, a monoclonal IgG4 antibody directed against the alpha2 subunit of the alpha2beta1 integrin heterodimer could prevent extravasation and metastasis formation. GBR 500 is currently undergoing clinical phase I studies. The antibody binds to human but not to mouse VLA-2. In an orthotopic mouse Xenograft model using a DU145-luc cell line we explored the importance of VLA-2 for tumor growth by inhibition of VLA-2 with a combination of GBR 500, specific for human VLA-2 and HA1–29, specific for mouse VLA-2. Bevacizumab was used as positive control. In vitro, GBR 500 inhibits the binding of PC3 prostate cancer cells to collagen with an EC50 of 0.035 μg/ml. To study the impact of VLA-2 on extravasation in a PC3-luc metastasis model we blocked VLA-2 with GBR 500 before injection of tumor cells and by pre-dosing mice with a 50 mg/kg dose i.v. This group of mice was compared with two groups of mice which where treated i.p with GBR 500 twice a week at 1mg/kg and 5 mg/kg. The positive control was bevacizumab at 5mg/kg. Results: Bi-weekly treatment with GBR 500 5 mg/kg successfully slowed tumor growth and was as effective as bevacizumab 5 mg/kg treatment. Pre-incubation and pre-dosing with VLA-2 did not affect the extravasation and metastases formation. Conclusion: : Inhibition of tumor growth was exhibited by VLA-2 in a prostate cancer PC3-luc metastasis model. This inhibition has no apparent effect on the extravasation of PC3 cells indicating that the antibody acts in the tissue by preventing establishment of metastases. The potency of GBR 500 in this model is comparable to bevacizumab. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-294. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-294
Asthma Control Test Composite Score May Not be Superior to Assessments of Rescue Inhaler Use for Predicting Severe Asthma Exacerbations
Authors: Sonia Cajigal, Edward L. Peterson, Karen E. Wells, Edward M. Zoratti, David E. Lanfear, Max Seibold, Kumar Rajesh, Esteban Gonzalez Burchard, L. Keoki Williams
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Opportunistic Lung Infection Due to “Pittsburgh Pneumonia Agent”
Authors: Richard L. Myerowitz, A. William Pasculle, John N. Dowling, George J. Pazin, Marion Puerzer, Robert B. Yee, Charles R. Rinaldo, Thomas R. Hakala
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Eight immunosuppressed patients had pneumonia due to Pittsburgh Pneumonia Agent (PPA), a gram-negative, weakly acid-fast bacterium cultivatable only in embryonated eggs and guinea pigs and distinct from Legionella pneumophila. The diagnosis was established by isolation of the agent from lung or visualization of the organism in lung tissue. The clinical presentations, radiographic abnormalities and pathology were not specific. The most consistent feature associated with the disease was the recent institution of daily high-dose corticosteriod therapy in all patients. Five of the eight patients died despite broad-spectrum antibiotic and antituberculous therapy. Anti-microbial activity against PPA was demonstrated for sulfamethoxazole combined with trimethoprim, for rifampin and for erythromycin with an egg-protection assay. Serologic studies with an indirect fluorescent-antibody technic suggested that seroconversion or high titers may be a sensitive test for PPA disease. PPA appears to be a newly recognized cause of life-threatening bacterial pneumonia in immunosupressed patients.
Case 25-2001
Authors: Nezam H. Afdhal, Rhonda K. Yantiss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Presentation of CaseFirst AdmissionA 71-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of diarrhea and abdominal pain.The patient had a history of polycystic renal disease with hypertension and end-stage renal failure, for which cadaveric renal transplantation had been performed eight years before admission; his base-line creatinine level at the time of transplantation was 2.3 mg per deciliter (203 μmol per liter). In recent years, diabetes mellitus type 2 had developed; it was controlled with insulin but was complicated by painful peripheral neuropathy, which required narcotic medication. A myocardial infarction three years before admission was treated by quintuple . . .
Unilateral Ventilation–Perfusion Mismatch on Pulmonary Scintigraphy Caused by Anomalous Origin of a Pulmonary Artery from the Innominate Artery
Authors: G U Hung, S C Tsai, Y C Fu, C H Kao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

HUNG, GANG-UEI M.D.,*; TSAI, SHIH-CHUAN M.D.,‡; FU, YUN-CHING M.D.†; KAO, CHIA-HUNG M.D.* Author Information
SEQUENTIAL BARE METAL STENT IMPLANTATION POST-DILATED WITH A PACLITAXEL-COATED BALLOON SHOWS TRANSIENT SEVERE STRUT MALAPPOSITION: A SERIAL STUDY WITH 2- AND 6- MONTHS OCT F/U
Authors: Sylvia Otto, Johannes Gassdorf, Kristina Nitsche, Juan Luis Gutierrez-Chico, Bjoern Goebel, Hans R. Figulla, Tudor Poerner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Management of a complicated buried bumper syndrome with a technique involving dye test, cannulation, and extraction
Authors: Osman Öner, Umut Gündüz, Ümit Koç, B. Karakas, Ferda Harmandar, Nurullah Bülbüller
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

An 81-year-old man who had had a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube for 8 years was referred with buried bumper syndrome (BBS) ([Fig. 1]). His main complaint was of tube occlusion and his physical examination was normal.
Repetitive strain injury and myalgic encephalomyelitis
Authors: M Hotopf
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - The current controversy over repetitive strain injury is so similar to that which has surrounded myalgic encephalomyelitis that some comparisons might be illuminating.1 In both instances debate has been polarised between those who see the sufferers as affected by alarming forces outside their control (viruses or the effects of high technology) and those who suggest that the clinical picture may be clouded by personality factors, psychiatric illness, or social factors. …
Case 27-1999
Authors: Michael A. Lew, Fiona M. Graeme-Cook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Presentation of CaseAn 82-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and acute renal failure.The patient had had diabetes mellitus for 30 years, complicated by nephropathy, retinopathy, a mild neuropathy, and orthostatic hypotension with dizziness. She had taken insulin for 20 years. She underwent percutaneous coronary angioplasty eight years before admission. One year before admission, an occipital-lobe infarction occurred; the results of noninvasive carotid-artery studies were normal. Additional disorders included hyperlipidemia and hypertension.Two weeks before admission, the patient entered another hospital because of syncope, fever, abdominal tenderness, and a plasma glucose level of . . .
PWE-221 Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in suspected sarcoidosis—a 4-year experience from a single centre: Abstract PWE-221 Table 1
Authors: V S Hegade, D Saralaya, S Jowett, C Beckett
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> EUS-FNA allows access to the posterior mediastinum and tissue acquisition under real-time ultrasound guidance through the oesophageal wall. There is ample evidence for effectiveness of EUS-FNA in staging lung cancer but data on its utility in the diagnostic work up of sarcoidosis is limited. The aim of this study was to report our experience of mediastinal EUS-FNA as a whole and its diagnostic yield in sarcoidosis in particular. <h3>Methods</h3> The study included all patients who underwent mediastinal EUS-FNA in our institution from January 2008 to December 2011. Data on patient demographics, mediastinal lesion characteristics and EUS-FNA details were collected from endoscopy reports. Cytology reports and microbiology culture results were analysed. Final clinical diagnoses made during the follow-up were obtained from medical records. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of mediastinal EUS-FNA for individual diagnoses. <h3>Results</h3> 195 patients (n=195, males 65%, mean age 58.6) underwent mediastinal EUS-FNA during the study period. Mean size of the lesions was 15.82 mm (range 3.9–43) in short axis and 28.23 mm (range 8–60) in long axis. Sub-carinal lymph nodes (LN) were the commonest (145/195, 70.3%) target lesions. Mean number of needle pass was 3.18 (range 1–6) and 22G (53.5%) was the commonest needle used. There were no procedure related complications or deaths. Of the 195 patients, FNAs were positive for malignancy in 61 (61/195, 31.2%), sarcoidosis in 40 (20.5%) and tuberculosis (TB) in 15 (7.6%) patients. Of the 64 (31.7%) cases where FNA was reported normal, 42 (65.6%) were accurate and 22 (34.3%) were inaccurate (final diagnosis: 8 cancer, 9 sarcoidosis and 5 TB). In 4 (2%) patients, FNA showed other diagnoses (3 anthracotic LNs, 1 sinus histiocytosis). Abstract PWE-221 table 1 Overall and condition specific results of mediastinal EUS-FNA. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our large series on mediastinal EUS-FNA shows that it is an important and useful tool for the assessment of mediastinal lymphadenopathy of unknown aetiology and has overall high sensitivity (≈80%) and high specificity (≈94%). For sarcoidosis in particular, sensitivity (≈83%) and specificity (≈99%) of EUS-FNA is comparable to those for cancer. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
EFFECT OF RECONSTRUCTION FILTER ON LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION OBTAINED FROM QUANTITATIVE GATED SPECT (QGS)
Authors: S. M. Leonard, M. W. Groch, S. M. Spies, S. Shah
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Scientific Abstracts: Central Chapter, Society Of Nuclear Medicine Meeting, April 11-13, 1997, Grand Geneva Resort, Lake Geneva, Wi
Differential abilities of activated Raf oncoproteins to abrogate cytokine dependency, prevent apoptosis and induce autocrine growth factor synthesis in human hematopoietic cells
Authors: JA McCubrey, LS Steelman, PE Hoyle, WL Blalock, C Weinstein-Oppenheimer, RA Franklin, H Cherwinski, E Bosch, M McMahon
Journal: Leukemia (1998)