tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ongoing hepatitis A outbreak in Europe 2013 to 2014: imported berry mix cake suspected to be the source of infection in Norway
Authors: B Guzman-Herrador, L Jensvoll, M Einöder-Moreno, H Lange, S Myking, K Nygård, K Stene-Johansen, L Vold
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

On 7 March 2014, an increase in hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections was identified in Norway. As of 12 April, 19 cases of HAV infection with a virus strain identical to an ongoing European outbreak have been identified. Six probable cases are currently under investigation. On 11 April, a frozen berry mix cake imported from another European country was found as the likely source of the outbreak; the importer has withdrawn the product in Norway.
Growth Inhibition of Rat Mammary Carcinoma Induced by Cis-Platinum Diamminodichloride-II&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Clifford W. Welsch
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Cis-platinum diamminodichloride-II (cis-Pt-II) was highly effective in promoting regression of mammary tumors (MT) induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Dose schedules of cis-Pt-II most significant in inhibiting MT growth were 6 mg/kg body weight administered once or 4 mg/kg body weight administered thrice, every 12 days. The former dose was more efficacious than the latter. Pretreatment of DMBA-induced MT-bearing rats with Cytoxan (50 mg/kg body weight) markedly enhanced the effectiveness of cis-Pt-II. The 6-mg dose of cis-Pt-II induced a 19% decrease in body weight 7 days after treatment, but body weight returned to pretreatment values at 21 days. The cis-Pt-II-treated rats were compared with a food-restricted control group that lost a comparable or greater amount of body weight. Thus a significant inhibitory effect of cls-Pt-II on growth of DMBA-induced rat MT, an autochthonous experimental tumor system closely resembling human breast cancer, was demonstrated.
Intussusception among Infants Given an Oral Rotavirus Vaccine
Authors: Trudy V. Murphy, Paul M. Gargiullo, Mehran S. Massoudi, David B. Nelson, Aisha O. Jumaan, Catherine A. Okoro, Lynn R. Zanardi, Sabeena Setia, Elizabeth Fair, Charles W. LeBaron, Benjamin Schwartz, Melinda Wharton, John R. Livingood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Intussusception is a form of intestinal obstruction in which a segment of the bowel prolapses into a more distal segment. Our investigation began on May 27, 1999, after nine cases of infants who had intussusception after receiving the tetravalent rhesus–human reassortant rotavirus vaccine (RRV-TV) were reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System.
PWE-078 Incidence and management of malignant polyps in the North Essex bowel cancer screening programme
Authors: E Paulon, D O'Riordan, A Shenoy
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The outcome of colonic cancer in the UK population has sensibly improved since the introduction of the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) in 2006. This is mainly due to early detection of the cancer in its early stages of which the malignant polyp (MP) is often a manifestation. In this study we reviewed the detection rates and management of malignant polyps and their outcomes in the population of north and mid Essex and compared it to national and international experience. <h3>Methods</h3> 33 patients with malignant polyps were identified between the start of the North Essex screening programme (February 2009) and December 2010. Data were obtained using patient notes, endoscopy, radiology and histopathology reports.31 patients were included in the study because data of two patients were not available. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 31 polyps, the vast majority (94%) was located in the left colon. 19 (61%) were peduncolated. Polyps average size was 1.5 cm, 8 (26%) measured &gt;2 cm and only 2 (6%) measured &lt;1 cm. Haggitt and Kikuchi classifications were used to assess the depth of invasion. Patients were divided into low risk (LR) and high risk (HR) groups according to histologic criteria (depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion, grade and excision margins &gt;2 mm). 16 (52%) fell into the LR group, 15 (48%) were considered at high risk. 29 (94%) patients had staging CT, with an average waiting time of 3.5 weeks for patients at HR (range 2–13 weeks) and 6 weeks for patients at LR (range 2–24 weeks). Five patients were surgically treated within 10 weeks (4 HR, 1 LR). The remaining patients were followed-up with a repeat endoscopy, with a mean waiting time of 9 weeks for patients at HR (range 4–15 weeks) and 24 weeks for patients at LR (range 9–60 weeks). Residual tumour was identified on endoscopic follow-up in two patients at HR. Surgery was finally performed in 15 patients (48.5%), 13 HR, 2 LR. Lymph nodes (LNs) involvement was present in four patients (30%). Residual tumour was found in 5 (33%). Surgical complications occurred in two patients (13%) and consisted in one anastomotic leak and one bilateral pulmonary embolism. To date cancer recurrence has been found in 2 HR patients (6.5%) who had evidence of LNs involvement (median follow-up of 16 months, range 8–28). <h3>Conclusion</h3> CT scans and endoscopic follow-up timing varied greatly between patients, especially for those in the LR group. LNs involvement and recurrence rate (30%) was higher than described in London BCSP centres (9.8%) but still consistent with other published data.<sup>1</sup> Further research is needed to clarify the need for staging CT and timing of follow-up endoscopy in patients at LR. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>Reference</h3> 1. <b>Hassan C</b>, Zullo A, Winn S, <i>et al.</i> The colorectal malignant polyp: scoping a dilemma. <i>Dig Liver Dis</i> 2007;<b>39</b>:92–100.
FRI0238 Can thromboloelastography be a new tool to asses the risk of thrombosis in behcet’s disease?
Authors: S. Yasar Bilge, M. Akay, T. Kaşifoğlu, E. Gunduz, G. Kus, C. Korkmaz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Behcet's Disease (BD) is a multisystemic disorder characterised by recurrent oral and genital ulcers (1). Vasculitis and thrombotic events are the most important causes of mortality (2). Thrombosis is the major clinical finding in 3-7% of the patients with BD but the cause of the thrombosis is still unclear (3). Thromboelastography (TEG) is an alternative method to conventional coagulation tests to evaluate almost all steps of the hemostatic system. Today, the modified rotation thromboelastogram (ROTEM) is a newer and more powerful technique. <h3>Objectives</h3> Our aim in this study was to investigate tendency to thrombosis in patients with BD using ROTEM. <h3>Methods</h3> 20 BD patients, who fulfilled ISGB criteria for BD (4), followed by Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and 14 healthy controls who are not taking antiaggregant or anti-coagulant therapy were included to study. Whole blood count, PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, D-dimer levels and ROTEM parameters; clotting time (CT), clot formation time (CFT) and maximum clot formation (MCF) were determined by INTEM and EXTEM analysis. Statistical analysis were performed using SPSS 15.0 for Windows, and the results were analysed using Spearman correlation test and T-test (independent samples). <h3>Results</h3> The mean age of the BD patients was 41.3±2.5 years. The female: male ratio was 13/7. One of the patients has a previous history of thrombosis and 2 had thrombosis with uveitis. Nine of the patients had mucocutaneous symptoms and 8 had eye involvement. Comparison of TEG parameters showed that there was a significant increase in MCF (p&lt;0,001) by INTEM and EXTEM assays in the study group compared to control group. INTEM-MCF and EXTEM-MCF also showed positive correlation with platelet numbers (p&lt;0.001 and p&lt;0.05, respectively). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The present data demonstrated thromboelastographic evidence of hypercoagulability in patients with Behcet's Disease which was determined by an increase of the clot strength as identified by increasing of MCF. ROTEM also determined the contribution of platelets to clot strength very well in Behcet's Disease patients. <h3>References</h3> Lee YJ, Kang SW, Yang JI, Choi YM, Sheen D, Lee EB, Choi SW, Song YW. Coagulation parameters and plasma total homocysteine levels in Behçet's disease. Thrombosis Research 106(2002) 19-24 Leiba M, Sidi Y, Gur H, Leiba A, Ehrenfeld M. Behçet's disease and thrombophilia. Ann Rheum Dis 2001;60:1081-1085 Leiba M, Seligsohn U, Sidi Y, Harats D, Sela BA, Griffin JH, Livneh A, Rosenberg N, Gelernter I, Gur H, Ehrenfeld M. Thrombophilic factors are not the leading cause of thrombosis in Behçet's disease. Ann Rheum Dis 2004;63:1445-1449 Wechsler B, Davatchi F, Hamza M et. al. Criteria for diagnosis of Behcet's disease. International Study Group for Behcet's disease. Lancet. 1990;335:1078-80 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
P17.22 * LOMUSTIN OR BEVACIZUMAB AT FIRST RECURRENCE OF GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: P. M. Clement, C. Caenepeel, B. Beuselinck, O. E. Bechter
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Bevacizumab is registered in the U.S. for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma based on improved PFS in uncontrolled phase II trials; Recently, a randomized controlled phase II trial studied lomustin, bevacizumab or the combination of both compounds in the treatment of glioblastoma at first recurrence (BELOB trial). While showing some promise for the combination, there was no signal observed that single agent therapy with bevacizumab would be superior to lomustin, in terms of progression free survival and overall survival. In Belgium, bevacizumab has been temporarily made available for the treatment of glioblastoma in a medical need program (MNP) between 2011 and 2013. We made a retrospective study in a single institution, comparing a cohort of patients that was treated with bevacizumab at first recurrence during the MNP, with a cohort of patients that was treated with lomustin at first recurrence in a similar time period preceding the MNP. Bevacizumab was administered biweekly at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Lomustine was prescribed at a dose of 110 mg/msq evey six weeks. Routine tumor evaluation was similar and involved MR imaging at baseline, at 6 and 12 weeks, and every 12 weeks thereafter. The outcome parameters were progression free survival at six months (PFS-6) using RANO criteria, and overall survival at 9 months (OS-9). We identified 48 patients of whom 23 were treated with lomustin and 25 with bevacizumab. PFS-6 and OS-9 were 26% and 30% for lomustin and 24% and 36% for bevacizumab, respectively. Median PFS and median OS were 3 and 6 months for lomustin and 4 and 7 months for bevacizumab, respectively. Although our study is of retrospective nature, the temporary availability of bevacizumab during two years for this indication has created a bevacizumab-treated cohort of patients that could be compared to a similar cohort treated with lomustin. Because a standardized follow-up schedule with MR imaging is used at our institution, the bias in terms of tumor evaluation is acceptable, although the patients treated with bevacizumab visited more frequently as a result of the biweekly administration. Our data are in line with the observations made in the BELOB trial and do not support the common idea that bevacizumab would be significantly superior to lomustin, when used as a single agent in this setting.
Dissection sous-muqueuse endoscopique (DSME) des tumeurs superficielles du rectum
Authors: M Giovannini, E Bories, G Monges, C Pesenti, F Caillol, C Dechaisemartin, B Lelong, JR Delpero
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Introduction: La DSME a été initialement décrite par les auteurs japonais dans le traitement endoscopique du cancer superficiel de l'estomac permettant une résection „en bloc“ de lésions de plus de 2cm de diamètre. De nombreuses publications d'extrême orient a montré la faisabilité de la DSME au niveau de l'œsophage, du colon et du rectum. Nous rapportons notre expérience chez 52 patients présentant une tumeur superficielle du rectum.
Christopher Oliver Payne
Authors: Cathy Rhodes
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Christopher Oliver Payne’s father was a music hall variety artist who had left school at 12; his mother was a shorthand typist. Chris was proud to be a scholarship boy at Dulwich College and became the first member of his family to attend university, where he met his future wife, Paddy. In 1962 he joined the Royal Air Force as a medical cadet, and from 1965 to 68 he worked at Changi Hospital in Singapore. He left the RAF as squadron leader. In 1971 the family moved to Iran with the Church Missionary Society, …
Sex Differences in the Management of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Richard M. Steingart, Milton Packer, Peggy Hamm, Mary Ellen Coglianese, Bernard Gersh, Edward M. Geltman, Josephine Sollano, Stanley Katz, Lem Moyé, Lofty L. Basta, Sandra J. Lewis, Stephen S. Gottlieb, Victoria Bernstein, Patricia McEwan, Kirk Jacobson, Edward J. Brown, Marrick L. Kukin, Niki E. Kantrowitz, Marc A. Pfeffer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Despite the fact that coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death among women, previous studies have suggested that physicians are less likely to pursue an aggressive approach to coronary artery disease in women than in men. To define this issue further, we compared the care previously received by men and women who were enrolled in a large postinfarction intervention trial.
Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy: toward an integrative model
Authors: T B Karasu
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

The author reviews historical trends, hypotheses, and problems in the application of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy and uses research findings to develop an integrative model. He portrays a chronology of models over three decades; an "additive" relationship represents the decade of 1970 to 1980. He presents factors that must be considered in determining the effects of pharmacotherapy plus psychotherapy and recommends refinement of these variables in future research.
Chemotherapy of biliary tract cancer with mitomycin-C and 5-fluorouracil biologically modulated by folinic acid. A phase II study
Authors: A. Polyzos, Georges Nikou, A. Giannopoulos, A. Toskas, N. Kalahanis, J. Papargyriou, P. Michail, A. Papachristodoulou
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1996)
Critical functions of RhoB in support of glioblastoma tumorigenesis
Authors: Yufang Ma, Yuanying Gong, Zhixiang Cheng, Sudan Loganathan, Crystal Kao, Jann N. Sarkaria, Ty W. Abel, Jialiang Wang
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

RhoB is a member of the Rho small GTPase family that regulates cytoskeletal dynamics and vesicle trafficking. The RhoB homologs, RhoA and RhoC, have been shown to promote cancer progression and metastasis. In contrast, the functions of RhoB in human cancers are context dependent. Although expression of RhoB inversely correlates with disease progression in several epithelial cancers, recent data suggest that RhoB may support malignant phenotypes in certain cancer types. We assessed RhoB protein levels in glioma surgical specimens and patient-derived xenografts. The roles of RhoB in glioblastoma were determined by loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays in vitro and in vivo. The impact on p53 and STAT3 signaling was investigated. RhoB expression was similar in tumor specimens compared with normal neural tissues obtained from epilepsy surgery. RhoB was expressed in the vast majority of xenograft tumors and spheroid cultures. Knockdown of RhoB induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis and compromised in vivo tumorigenic potential. However, overexpression of wild-type RhoB or a constitutively active mutant (RhoB-V14) did not significantly affect cell growth, which suggests that RhoB is not a rate-limiting oncogenic factor and is consistent with the scarcity of RhoB mutations in human cancer. Knockdown of RhoB reduced basal STAT3 activity and impaired cytokine-induced STAT3 activation. In glioblastoma tumors retaining wild-type p53, depletion of RhoB also activated p53 and induced expression of p21CIP1/WAF1. Our data suggest that RhoB belongs to an emerging class of "nononcogene addiction" factors that are essential for maintenance of malignant phenotypes in human cancers.
P815 REDUCTION OF DAILY CALORIC INTAKE SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVES LIVER STEATOSIS AND OVERRIDES THE EFFECT OF THE PROSTEATOTIC PNPLA3 (ADIPONUTRIN) VARIANT
Authors: M. Krawczyk, E. Stachowska, F. Lammert, P. Milkiewicz, M. Milkiewicz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Abstract 5397: The SOCS-1 derived peptides inhibit tumor development
Authors: Jorge Augusto Borin Scutti, Alisson Matsuo, Mariana Massaoka, Carlos Figueiredo, Natália Girola, Felipe Valença, Filipe Menegatti de Melo, Luiz Travassos
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and its incidence has increased dramatically over the years. The murine B16F10 melanoma in syngeneic C57Bl/6 mice has been used as a highly aggressive model to investigate tumor development. In our previous work, we demonstrate in the B16F10-Nex2 subclone that silencing of SOCS-1, a negative regulator of Jak/Stat pathway, leads to reversal of the tumorigenic phenotype and inhibition of melanoma cell metastasis. SOCS-1 silencing with shRNA affected tumor growth, cell cycle regulation with arrest at the S phase with large-sized nuclei, reduced cell motility and decreased melanoma cell invasion through Matrigel. In vivo, silencing of SOCS- 1 inhibited subcutaneous tumor growth and metastatic development in the lungs. Objectives: Since SOCS-1 is expressed in most melanoma cell lines and bears a relation with tumor invasion, thickness and stage of disease, we synthetized five SOCS-1 peptides based hydrophilic regions suggest regulating protein can be a target of cancer therapy. Suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 (SOCS 1) proteins are negative feedback regulators of several pathways involved in immune response, particularly the JAK/STAT (Janus kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription. Results: No effect was found directly on B16F10 Nex 2 in vitro. In this work we hypothesized that SOCS-1 mimetic peptides should act on immune cells. Murine splenocytes from challenged animals and peptide treated was stimulated whole B16F10 Nex 2 lysate and supernatant was measure for ELISA to IFN-gama, IL-6, TNF-alfa and IL-10.The peptides increased the production of IFN-gama, IL-6, TNF-alfa and reduced IL-10 cytokine levels. Moreover, macrophages was stimulated and activation assay was performed. In vivo, the peptides are able to reduced significantly melanoma gorwth in metastatic and subcutaneous model.Additionally, mice knockout IFN-γ and CD1d revealed a inhibition of melanoma cell growth and metastasis. In the present study SOCS-1 derived peptides can be a target of cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5397. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5397
Retrorectal cystic hamartoma: this cyst has a “tail” to tell
Authors: F. Gleeson, M. Levy
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 50-year-old man presented with a 6-week history of lumbosacral back pain and altered bowel habit without hematochezia. Abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) revealed a 5-cm rectal mass with obliteration of the fat plane between the mass and the tip of the coccyx that was interpreted as representing a neoplasm ([Fig. 1 a]). Following a normal digital rectal exam, colonoscopy revealed a subtle posterior mid-rectal wall indentation, suspected to represent either an intramural process or extrinsic compression. The overlying mucosa appeared normal ([Fig. 1 b]). A curvilinear endoscopic ultrasound examination excluded a subepithelial lesion, instead revealing a 3.4 × 3.3 cm multiloculated cystic mass extrinsic but adjacent to the rectal wall with no evidence of lymphadenopathy. This lesion was located distal and posterior to the inferior border of the prostate gland and comprised approximately 15 loculi. Each locule was thin-walled in the absence of septations. Many of the loculi contained intracystic echogenic material ([Video 1]). Surgical resection of the retrorectal cystic mass mandated posterior dissection of the coccyx laterally. Surgical pathology confirmed a multiloculated presacral cystic mass measuring 6.0 × 4.3 × 3.2 cm ([Fig. 1 c]). The cystic loculi were lined by squamous epithelium, transitional type epithelium, and columnar epithelium with focal goblet cells and no evidence of malignancy ([Fig. 1 d]). The findings were diagnostic of cystic hamartoma (tailgut cyst).
EFFECT OF CATHETER ABLATION ON THE CLINICAL COURSE OF MIGRAINE IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION PATIENTS WITH OR WITHOUT PRE-EXISTENT MIGRAINE: RESULTS FROM A PROSPECTIVE STUDY (CONFIRM)
Authors: Sanghamitra Mohanty, Prasant Mohanty, Neal J. Rutledge, Luigi Di Biase, Xue Yan, Chintan Trivedi, Pasquale Santangeli, Rong Bai, Deb Cardinal, John Burkhardt, Joe Gallinghouse, Rodney Horton, Javier Sanchez, Shane Bailey, Patrick Hranitzky, Jason Zagrodzky, Andrea Natale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
PTU-009 Alcohol-induced liver toxicity is associated with neutrophil dysfunction in a novel in-vitro model of acute liver injury
Authors: L J Markwick, E Palma, A Riva, R Williams, D Clemens, D Shawcross, S Chokshi
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Sepsis is a major cause of mortality in patients with alcohol-induced acute and chronic liver failure (ALF/CLF). Neutrophils are a major innate immune cell subset involved in the first line of defence against infection and circulating neutrophil dysfunction has been reported in patients with ALF/CLF. However, there is a paucity of understanding regarding the mechanisms involved in this dysfunction. In this study we aimed to characterise the precise relationship between neutrophil dysfunction and alcohol-induced liver damage with a novel in vitro model mimicking the in vivo interactions of neutrophils and hepatocytes. <h3>Methods</h3> We cultured a well-characterised neutrophil-line HL-60 either directly with ethanol or with supernatants taken from ethanol metabolising-human hepatoma cell lines VL-17A (positive for alcohol-dehydrogenase and CYP2E1) cultured in the presence of safe levels (10 mM) and toxic levels (250 mM) of ethanol reflecting real-life human alcohol consumption for 24 h. Neutrophil function was evaluated by TLR expression, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and respiratory burst assays. Cell supernatants were also collected for cytokine profiling and to quantitate levels of ammonia and ethanol metabolites. The effect of ethanol on the functional activities of neutrophils isolated from both normal and ALF/CLF patients will also be assessed. <h3>Results</h3> Supernatants collected from the hepatoma line VL17A cultured with 250 mM ethanol (representative of an alcohol binge) significantly reduced the phagocytic capacity of the HL-60-neutrophil line (p&lt;0.05). This was greater than the effect of the same concentration of ethanol applied directly to the neutrophils (p&lt;0.05). Our preliminary data also suggests that the metabolised ethanol inhibits chemotaxis of the HL60-neutrophil cells towards a gradient of fMLP. Furthermore, we observed a reduction of TLR4 expression. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We describe a novel model for investigating the correlates of dysfunctional innate immunity during acute alcohol-induced liver injury. We identify that alcohol does impair neutrophil function directly but this is profoundly increased after hepatocyte alcohol metabolism implicating a causal link between liver injury and impairment of antibacterial neutrophil functions. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.