tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neuronal Food Reward Activity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With Improved Glycemic Control After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Sabine Frank, Jaana M. Heinze, Andreas Fritsche, Katarzyna Linder, Maximilian von Feilitzsch, Alfred Königsrainer, Hans-Ulrich Häring, Ralf Veit, Hubert Preissl
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

OBJECTIVE Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with altered food-related neuronal functions. Besides weight loss, substantial improvement of glucose metabolism in patients with T2DM can be achieved by bariatric surgery. We aimed to target the neuronal and behavioral correlates of improved glycemic control after bariatric surgery. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Two patient groups with T2DM were recruited. The treatment group (n = 12) consisted of patients who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, and a control group consisted of patients who did not undergo surgery (n = 12). The groups were matched for age and current BMI. HbA1c was matched by using the presurgical HbA1c of the RYGB group and the current HbA1c of the nonsurgical group. Neuronal activation during a food reward task was measured using functional MRI (fMRI). Behavioral data were assessed through questionnaires. RESULTS RYGB improved HbA1c from 7.07 ± 0.50 to 5.70 ± 0.16% (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and BMI from 52.21 ± 1.90 to 35.71 ± 0.84 kg/m2 (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Behavioral results showed lower wanting and liking scores as well as lower eating behavior–related pathologies for the patients after RYGB than for similar obese subjects without surgery but with impaired glycemic control. The fMRI analysis showed higher activation for the nonsurgical group in areas associated with inhibition and reward as well as in the precuneus, a major connectivity hub in the brain. By contrast, patients after RYGB showed higher activation in the visual, motor, cognitive control, memory, and gustatory regions. CONCLUSIONS In obese patients with diabetes, RYGB normalizes glycemic control and leads to food reward–related brain activation patterns that are different from those of obese patients with less-well-controlled T2DM and without bariatric surgery. The differences in food reward processing might be one factor in determining the outcome of bariatric surgery in patients with T2DM.
The Effect of Thyroxine on the Lymphoid-Tissue Mass of Immature Female Mice&lt;xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Marder, Sumner N.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1951)

Journal Article The Effect of Thyroxine on the Lymphoid-Tissue Mass of Immature Female Mice Get access Sumner N. Marder, M. D. Sumner N. Marder, M. D. Fellow in Radiology Stanford University School of Medicine, San Francisco, Calif. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 11, Issue 6, June 1951, Pages 1153–1161, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/11.6.1153 Published: 01 June 1951 Article history Received: 30 January 1951 Published: 01 June 1951
PWE-086 Prevalence of dual pathology in routine liver biopsies
Authors: AL Paterson, R Brais, SE Davies
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The indications for liver biopsy are changing with their role in diagnosis becoming less, and alternative assessments being increasingly used for staging purposes. There is an emerging impression that more biopsies are being taken for an element of clinical uncertainty, particularly when multiple risk factors are present. This study aimed to determine (a) the number of medical liver biopsies in which a primary and secondary diagnosis were identified; (b) whether this had changed over time; and (c) the most prevalent co-existing pathologies. <h3>Method</h3> All liver biopsies reported at our centre, a tertiary referral liver unit and transplant centre, in 2003 and 2013 were identified from the electronic record. Biopsies from liver transplant grafts and of focal lesions were excluded. The histopathology report for each case was reviewed, the number of different pathologies present recorded and then correlated with the clinical information provided. <h3>Results</h3> In total, 1421 liver biopsies met the inclusion criteria. In 2013, 189/941 (21%) had more than one pathology present, a proportion comparable to 2003, 85/480 (18%), p = 0.32. Three co-existing disease processes were present in 1% (13/1421) of cases. Based on the clinical details provided at the time of biopsy, in 213 (78%) cases overall, the additional pathology (s) was not suspected. In 2003, the most prevalent reported pathology as a primary or dual diagnosis was chronic viral hepatitis, present in 182/480 (38%) biopsies, with fatty liver disease second, 157/480 (33%). By 2013 this had reversed with significant fatty liver disease reported in 409/941 (43%) biopsies and chronic viral hepatitis in 260/941 (28%). In both years, in over a third of cases of fatty liver disease, and a quarter with chronic viral hepatitis, a dual pathology was present; most commonly these two aetiologies co-existing. When present, significant siderosis and alpha-1-antitrypsin accumulation were usually part of a dual diagnosis, 58/70 (83%) and 27/35 (77%) respectively. In 2013, compared to 2003, there was a 50% increase in the prevalence of cholangiopathies, siderosis and alpha-1-antitrypsin accumulation reported as part of a dual diagnosis; whilst autoimmune hepatitis was more likely to be a single diagnosis, 30% in 2013 compared to 57% in 2003. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The proportion of dual diagnoses has not significantly changed in the decade studied and remains dominated by fatty liver disease. The disease combinations identified have however altered; this may reflect a better understanding of the pathological processes and clearer guidelines for diagnosis. Pathologists should be aware of the frequent occurrence of dual pathology as it has the potential to impact on clinical management and, based on the clinical details provided, a second diagnosis was not suggested in over three-quarters of cases identified in this study. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Preliminary application of magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate lactate-induced panic
Authors: S R Dager, K I Marro, T L Richards, G D Metzger
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

To characterize changes associated with lactate-induced panic, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to measure brain lactate during intravenous infusion of 0.5-M sodium lactate in panic disorder patients and comparison subjects.Eight panic disorder subjects, five medicated and three unmedicated, and eight healthy comparison subjects were studied at baseline, during lactate infusion (5 meq/kg over 20 minutes), and after infusion. Localized proton MRS was used to acquire averaged spectra every 5 minutes from a 27-ml sampling volume in the insular cortex and adjacent regions. Brain lactate levels, quantitatively estimated in relationship to N-acetyl aspartate, were compared to blood lactate levels.The procedure was generally well tolerated; one panic subject requested early termination before lactate infusion. Significant rises in brain lactate levels occurred for all subjects during infusion. The panic patients who responded to lactate (N = 3) had significantly higher brain lactate levels before, during, and after infusion than did the comparison subjects (N = 8) and medicated patients who were lactate nonresponders (N = 4). After infusion the panic patients with lactate-induced panic exhibited a striking dissociation between decreasing blood lactate and further increases in brain lactate levels.These preliminary observations indicate that brain lactate increases during a standard lactate infusion. Lactate-induced panic is associated with greater increases than in comparison subjects and with prolonged elevations in brain lactate that are decoupled from falling blood lactate levels after completion of lactate infusion. Further investigation is necessary to clarify the mechanism(s) responsible for these findings and establish whether a causal relationship to the occurrence of lactate-induced panic exists.
Chronic pain: lifetime psychiatric diagnoses and family history
Authors: W Katon, K Egan, D Miller
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

Thirty-seven patients with chronic pain admitted to a 3-week inpatient pain program were interviewed using the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule and the family history method. The most frequent psychiatric diagnoses were major depressive disorder (current episode = 32.4%, past episode = 43.2%) and alcohol abuse (40.5%). More than half of the patients had a history of one or more episodes of major depression and/or alcohol abuse before the onset of their chronic pain. Family history revealed that 59.5% of the patients had at least one first-degree family member with chronic pain, 29.7% had a family member with affective illness, and 37.8% had a family member with alcohol abuse.
Complications of Endoscopic Sphincterotomy and their Treatment
Authors: B. Neuhaus, L. Safrany
Journal: Endoscopy (1981)

See also: Removal of Impacted Endoscopic Basket and Stone from the Common Bile Duct by Extracorporeal Shock WavesEndoscopy 1990; 22(02): 92-92DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1012805
Screening Geographic Areas for Unusual Survival Experience or Stage at Diagnosis With Application to Breast and Colon Cancer
Authors: S Piantadosi, D P Byar, M H Gail
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

An approach was devised for the problem of detecting geographic areas with poor survival for cancer patients. Methods were proposed to deal with the two major sources of variability in summary survival measures for geographic areas: the distribution of prognostic factors for individuals within an area and random variation. In addition, small geographic areas often had to be combined so that a sufficient number of cases could be obtained in each area for calculation of survival statistics, and a procedure for doing so was developed. Then stage-specific and overall 5-year survival estimates for each geographic area were converted to standardized normal deviates so that outlying observations could be detected using the theory of normal-order statistics. A similar approach was used to determine which geographic areas had unusually high proportions of advanced disease at diagnosis. Our outlier detection procedure was designed for screening available data for geographic areas possibly deserving further study rather than for concluding that survival or staging was substandard in those areas. Methods were applied to data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program for breast and colon cancer. For each cancer site, some geographic areas were identified with unusual survival or stage distributions.
AB0735 Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Pathology in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: A. Karateev, E. Chernikhova, S. Erdes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Continuous use of NSAIDs allows to control main symptoms and delay the progression of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Although NSAIDs are known to cause serious gastrointestinal (GI) complications. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate visual upper GI tract changes in AS patients treated with NSAIDs <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective analysis of upper GI tract endoscopy findings in 447 AS pts (mean age 36.3±11.3, 25.8% females and 74.2% males), who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) during 2009-2013. At the time of EGDS procedure 402 pts (89.9%) were taking NSAIDs, predominantly diclofenac (34.5%), nimesulide (23.3%) and indomethacin (12.9%). Only 6% of pts were on selective NSAIDs (celecoxib and etoricoxib). Apart from NSAIDs pts were also taking sulfasalazine (15.9%), methotraxate (8.9%), glucocorticoids (GCs) (14.5%), biologic therapy (9.1%). 16.8% were administered proton pump inhibitors (PPI). 55 pts (12.3%) had the history of upper GIT ulcers, 9 (2.0%) pts were on low-dose aspirin (LDA). Dyspepsia were documented in 173 (38.7%) pts, heartburn and/or reflux was present in 84 (18.8%) pts. <h3>Results</h3> Gastric and/or duodenal mucous erosions were found in 87 (19.8%), gastric and/or duodenal ulcers were found in 45 (10.1%). Ulcers were more common in males - OR 2.43 (95% CI 1.14 - 5.19), with previous history of ulcer - OR 8.41 (95% CI 4.24 - 16.6), use of LDA - OR 4.69 (95% CI 1.13 - 19.5). GCs intake and dyspepsia were not associated with increased risk of ulcer: OR 0.49 (95% CI 0.12 - 1.29) and OR 0.787 (95% CI 0.55 - 1.33). Use of selective COX-2 inhibitors and PPI decreased the risk of upper GI tract ulcers: OR 0.37 (95% CI 0.48 - 2.78) and OR 0.45 (95% CI 0.25 - 0.81). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Upper GI tract ulcers and erosions are quite common comorbidities in AS pts, associated with long-term use of NSAIDs. In the majority of cases these conditions remain asymptomatic. Major risk factors for upper GI tract ulcer/erosions development are: male sex, history of ulcer and current use of LDA. Administration of PPI and selective COX-2 inhibitors would reduce the risk of GI complications. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Development of an organic affective syndrome during a hyperbaric diving experiment
Authors: A Stoudemire, J Miller, F Schmitt, P Logue, D Shelton, G Latson, P Bennett
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

The authors describe the clinical and pharmacologic management of a patient who developed an organic affective syndrome during a simulated deep-diving experiment. The physiological complexities of deep-diving research are reviewed, as well as the neuropsychiatric symptoms of the high pressure nervous syndrome.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of splenic vein thrombosis: a novel approach to the portal venous system
Authors: Gabriele Delconte, Sherrie Bhoori, Massimo Milione, Flaminia Cavallaro, Enzo Masci, Peter Siersema, Vincenzo Mazzaferro
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

A diagnosis of portal system thrombosis can be easily obtained with conventional digital imaging [1]; however, the etiology of the thrombosis can be difficult to assess in the absence of the characteristic hallmarks of a malignant or benign thrombus. When a definitive diagnosis is required, transabdominal ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the portal vein thrombus can be performed [2], but this technique is not widely used because of the risk of post-biopsy bleeding complications.
Fibrinolytic Activity in Cirrhosis of the Liver
Authors: G PURCELL, L L PHILLIPS
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AB0783 Spondyloarthritides in the Middle East and the Challenges in Their Management: Table 1.
Authors: M. Hammoudeh, H. Al Rayes, A. Alawadhi, K. Gado, A. Deodhar
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Data on spondyloarthritis (SpA) from the Middle East are sparse and the management of these diseases in this area of the world faces a number of challenges, including the relevant resources to enable early diagnosis and referral, and sufficient funds to aid the most appropriate treatment strategy. <h3>Objectives</h3> The objective was to report on the characteristics, disease burden, and treatment of SpA in the Middle East region and to highlight where management strategies could be improved, with the overall aim of achieving better patient outcomes. <h3>Methods</h3> This multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study collected demographic, clinical, laboratory and treatment data on 169 consecutive SpA patients at four centers in four countries (Egypt, Kuwait, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia). <h3>Results</h3> Overall, 59% of patients were male, 44% had ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 36% had psoriatic arthritis, and the average time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 2.8 years (4.9 years for those with AS). Co-morbidities were common, with 15% of patients (26% of AS patients) having uveitis. Two-thirds of patients were being treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; 34% were receiving biologic treatment, and another 19% were eligible for biologics but were not receiving them for financial reasons. Clinical and patient-reported disease measures amongst AS patients were higher in those currently treated with NSAIDs and lower in those receiving biologics. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In the absence of regional registries enrolling SpA patients, the data presented here provide a rare snapshot of the characteristics, disease burden, and treatment of these patients, highlighting the management challenges in the region. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> M. Hammoudeh Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Consultant for: Pfizer and Abbott, Speakers bureau: Pfizer and Abbott, H. Al Rayes: None declared, A. Alawadhi: None declared, K. Gado Consultant for: Roche and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Speakers bureau: Roche and Bristol-Myers Squibb, A. Deodhar Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Consultant for: AbbVie, Amgen, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB
Comparison of Estradiol Receptor Investigations and Histochemical Investigations on Enzymes in Human Mammary Cancers&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M Görlich, D Hecker, E Heise
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

The best way to predict the responsiveness of human breast carcinomas to hormone therapy is to investigate the estradiol receptor-binding abilities of these tumors. This binding induces many hormone-regulated changes in the activities of several enzymes. Therefore, enzyme activities after short-term organ culture exposed to added hormones were tested to see whether a correlation of enzyme activities exists with estradiol receptor binding. The results from both the estradiol receptor investigations and histochemical investigations on enzymes revealed a high degree of conformity, which confirms the existence of such a correlation. However, for this reason histochemical investigations on enzymes cannot eliminate the discrepancy between the experimentally verified existence of estradiol receptor binding and the response of mammary tumors to hormone therapy, which is not higher than 50-60%.
Children's understanding of psychiatric hospitalization
Authors: E A Roth, L H Roth
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

The authors summarize the results of what they believe to be the first systematic study of children's concepts of their own psychiatric hospitalization. They found that children 6-12 years old are able to gain progressive insight into their problems and the roles that therapeutic staff (doctors and nurses) play in treatment. These findings provide new information about the child's point of view and cognitive understanding of psychiatric hospitalization, illness, and treatment. The findings suggest that preadmission legal hearings addressing the child's understanding of the nature of psychiatric hospitalization would not be meaningful.
ECT for major depression in a patient with acute brain trauma
Authors: S L Ruedrich, C C Chu, S L Moore
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

A woman with depression and cerebral cortical laceration caused by a self-inflicted gunshot wound received ECT 3 weeks after wounding herself and had no untoward effects. The authors discuss relative contraindications to ECT based on head injury and posttraumatic seizures.
Relationship between endometriosis and affective disorder
Authors: E Walker, W Katon, L M Jones, J Russo
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

Comparing 14 women with and 55 women without endometriosis, the authors found no significant differences in the prevalence of affective disorder. They discuss the discrepancy between their finding and Lewis et al.'s finding of an association between affective disorder and endometriosis.
Measles among healthcare workers: a potential for nosocomial outbreaks
Authors: E Botelho-Nevers, N Cassir, P Minodier, R Laporte, P Gautret, S Badiaga, DJ Thiberville, L Ninove, R Charrel, P Brouqui
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

We report here 14 cases of measles among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Public Hospitals of Marseilles, France that occurred between April and November 2010. All cases but one were under 30 years of age. Following the identification of these cases, we checked the immune status among 154 HCWs who volunteered to take part in the study and showed that 93% and 88% were immune against measles and mumps respectively. HCWs non-immunised against measles were all under 30 years of age.
A Useful New Endoscopic Marking Technique for Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: H.  Ooyanagi, K.-I.  Fu, T.  Ishikawa, Y.  Hirahara, S.  Igarashi, T.  Inada
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a widely used and less invasive alternative to open surgery for early gastric cancer. The benefits include preservation of the stomach, noninvasiveness, and shorter hospital stays. In addition, the technique is indicated for lesions in which there is minimal risk of lymph-node involvement. Before the procedure, endoscopic marking of the tissue is very important to ensure a tumor-free margin and complete resection; in Japan, the marking is usually carried out with a needle-knife (Olympus KD-1L-1) [1]. The needle-knife is also used for precut procedures and mucosal incision for circumferential mucosal resection [2] [3]. Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is a recently introduced therapeutic technique in the digestive tract, used to treat hemorrhagic and neoplastic lesions. Its advantages include effective and safe coagulation, controllable coagulation depth, a noncontact operating mode, and axial, radial, and retrograde application [4]. To avoid the risk of perforation during endoscopic marking with the needle-knife, we investigated the safety of APC and tested the use of the technique to create circumferential marks around early gastric cancer lesions before EMR. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of APC for endoscopic marking before EMR. In a pilot study, we found that APC is safe and useful for carrying out endoscopic marking for EMR. In addition, APC combined with the use of a needle-knife also allows different types of mark to be made, making it much easier to differentiate the distal margin from the proximal margin in the retrieved resected specimens (Figures [1], [2]). Our group is currently conducting a prospective study to evaluate the safety and usefulness of this technique in a large number of patients. Research for this report was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Cancer Research (12 - 4) from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare.