tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NC-01 * ATTENTIONAL AND LANGUAGE FUNCTIONING IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH GLIOMA: A VOXEL-BASED LESION-SYMPTOM MAPPING STUDY
Authors: P. Banerjee, K. Leu, R. Harris, T. Cloughesy, S. Bookheimer, L. Liau, P. Nghiemphu, A. Lai, B. Ellingson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

OBJECTIVE: We statistically examined the relationship between lesion presence and neurocognitive performance on tasks of attention and language on a voxel-by-voxel basis in adult brain tumor patients using voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM). VLSM is an innovative technique that has primarily been used in studies of stroke patients. METHODS: 98 right-handed adult patients with glioma were administered a neuropsychological battery comprised of 10 tasks: Digit Span Forward & Backward from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Verbal Fluency (FAS, Animals), Woodcock-Johnson III Word Attack, and subtests of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination: Boston Naming Test, Complex Ideational Material, Commands, Responsive Naming, and Reading Sentences & Paragraphs. T2-weighted images were registered to a T1-weighted MNI atlas and the tumor region was contoured using a semi-automated thresholding technique. For a voxel, a general linear model was run to determine the relationship between cognitive performance and lesion presence, with medical and demographic characteristics specified as covariates. This analysis was repeated for each voxel with each subtest. Suprathreshold cluster-based analysis was used to correct for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: VLSM analysis identified several clusters of voxels with a significant relationship (p < .05) between lesion presence and neurocognitive performance on tasks of attention and language, and these significant clusters were depicted on high resolution statistical maps (1 mm3). Three composite maps were then generated, identifying the key anatomic structures involved in the attention/working memory cognitive domain (primarily frontal regions including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), the expressive language cognitive domain (primarily lateral temporal regions), and the receptive language cognitive domain (primarily lateral and mesial temporal regions along with auditory cortex). CONCLUSION: These findings identify some of the key anatomic structures involved in attentional and language functioning in adult patients with glioma using an innovative lesion analysis technique.
The potential of single-cell profiling in plants
Authors: Idan Efroni, Kenneth D. Birnbaum
Journal: Genome biology (2016)

Single-cell transcriptomics has been employed in a growing number of animal studies, but the technique has yet to be widely used in plants. Nonetheless, early studies indicate that single-cell RNA-seq protocols developed for animal cells produce informative datasets in plants. We argue that single-cell transcriptomics has the potential to provide a new perspective on plant problems, such as the nature of the stem cells or initials, the plasticity of plant cells, and the extent of localized cellular responses to environmental inputs. Single-cell experimental outputs require different analytical approaches compared with pooled cell profiles and new tools tailored to single-cell assays are being developed. Here, we highlight promising new single-cell profiling approaches, their limitations as applied to plants, and their potential to address fundamental questions in plant biology.
1091 A SUGGESTED ALGORITHM USING BASELINE NON-INVASIVE PARAMETERS FOR THE PREDICTION OF RESPONSE TO TREATMENT IN 3719 HEPATITIS C-INFECTED EGYPTIAN PATIENTS
Authors: A. Awad, A. Kamal, W. Doss, N. Zayed, M. Elsayed, M. Mabrouk, T. Awad
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
A6.33 Changes in Hyaluronan metabolism is associated with inflammatory cytokines in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: U Hellman, D Hedqvist, B Sundström, L Do, S Wållberg-Jonsson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Hyaluronan (HA) is a glucosaminoglycane, mainly known for its lubricating and shock absorbing properties in joints, present in almost every tissue in the body. An association was recently reported between the concentration of HA and back stiffness in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Depending on the molecular size, HA also has different inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to analyse plasma levels of HA in ASpatients and a reference population to evaluate any difference between the groups regarding HA concentration and/or molecular weight of HA molecules. We also compared the results in the patient group with variables reflecting inflammation and stiffness as measured by BASFI. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> In a cohort of 66 patients with AS and a matched reference population of 30 controls, HA concentration was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In subgroups consisting of in all 30 patients and eleven controls, respectively, selected with respect to inflammatory and stiffness status, HA molecular weight was analysed using gasphase electrophoretic molecular mobility analysis (GEMMA). In the patient group, the results were compared with laboratory and other parameters available. <h3>Results</h3> No difference was found between the groups regarding HA total concentration (p = 0.77). However, when assessing the molecular weight with GEMMA, a relative increase of high molecular weight (HMW) HA compared to low molecular weight (LMW) HA was discovered. HMW HA (GEMMA peak 4) increased with a fold change of 2.4 (p &lt; 0.02). The levels of a group of cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17 and IFN-γ, correlated in the AS patients, where the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 also correlated to the relative increase of HMW HA (peak 4), compared to LMW HA. There were no significant correlations between HA and the stiffness status of the patients. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The correlation of the levels of inflammatory factors to changes in the HA metabolism may indicate an association of HA to the development of AS. Furthermore, HA showed a link to inflammatory processes via TNF. The significant correlation found among the patients between the concentrations of HA of a certain molecular weight and TNF-α is interesting, since TNF-α inhibitors are used successfully in the treatment of AS. However, the patients' estimation of their stiffness could not be related to the molecular analyses.
Abstract 3592: Roles of miR-199a-5p and COX-2 in arsenic-induced tumor angiogenesis.
Authors: Jun He, Richard Carpenter, Yue Jiang, Qing Xu, Bing-Hua Jiang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Arsenic is a well-known human carcinogen which is closely associated with lung cancer. However, the mechanism underlying the arsenic-induced carcinogenesis remains to be elucidated. The alterations of miRNAs profiles in cancers have profound implication in cancer development. However, it remains to be determined whether the alterations of miRNA signature in response to carcinogens such as arsenic may result in cell malignant transformation and tumor growth. In this study, we developed an in vitro model by transforming human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells through long-term exposure to low concentration of arsenic. The BEAS-2B cells were malignantly transformed validated by cell proliferation, anchorage independent growth and tumor growth assay. By utilizing this model, we found that miR-199a-5p expression level was dramatically repressed in arsenic-transformed cells. Re-expression of miR-199a-5p impaired arsenic-induced tumor angiogenesis through directly targeting hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Interestingly, we found another proangiogenic factor cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) that was also upregulated in arsenic-transformed cells and was predicted as a target of miR-199a-5p. It was confirmed by generating COX-2 3’UTR miRNA luciferase reporters with wild-type or mutant binding sites with miR-199a-5p. Overexpression of miR-199a-5p inhibited COX-2 protein expression. Functional study revealed that knockdown of COX-2 by siRNA in arsenic-transformed cells decreased tumor angiogenesis. We further showed that the COX-2 promoter contains a functional hypoxia response element (HRE). HIF-1α regulated COX-2 expression at the transcriptional level via direct binding to the HRE (-576/-584) located within the COX-2 promoter. Thus, arsenic-induced COX-2 activation is mediated by repression of miR-199a-5p and activation of HIF-1. Moreover, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a product of COX-2 regulated HIF-1 expression in a positive-feedback manner. In addition, arsenic-transformed cells have high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for activating COX-2 pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrate that arsenic-induced angiogenesis through miR-199a-5p repression and pro-inflammatory responses induced by ROS. Both pathways lead to activation of HIF-1/COX-2 pathway. These findings establish critical roles of miR-199a-5p and its downstream targets HIF-1/COX-2 in arsenic-induced tumor angiogenesis. As miR-199a-5p is generally downregulated, whereas COX-2 is overexpressed in human lung cancer tissues, they may be used as new therapeutic targets for lung cancer treatment in the future. Citation Format: Jun He, Richard Carpenter, Yue Jiang, Qing Xu, Bing-Hua Jiang. Roles of miR-199a-5p and COX-2 in arsenic-induced tumor angiogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3592. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3592
Abstract 5669: Aldose reductase is a novel therapeutic target to prevent oxidative stress-induced inflammatory signals in prostate cancer
Authors: Ravinder Tammali, Kota V. Ramana, Satish K. Srivastava
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Prostate Cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers in American men, especially as they age. Although PC initially responds to androgen therapy, as the cancer progresses it usually becomes androgen-independent and prone to metastasis and multi-drug resistance, which kills the majority of patients within 5 years of diagnosis. Therefore, it is necessary to develop better therapeutic strategies which could prevent both early and late stage PC. Our recent studies demonstrate that Aldose Reductase (AR) is the main mediator of inflammatory signals induced by growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, carcinogens etc. Since inflammation is known to play a central role in PC, we investigated the possible role of AR in heterogenous androgen-dependent, -independent, and multi-drug resistant PC cells. Using androgen -dependent LNCaP and -independent PC-3 cells, we have determined the effect of AR inhibition on growth factors such as IGF- and EGF -induced proliferation, cell cycle progression, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also determined the effect of AR inhibition on the phosphorylation/expression of androgen receptor, PSA, AKT/PI3K, NF-kB etc in PC cells. Our results show that inhibition of AR by fidarestat significantly prevented the IGF -and EGF-induced proliferation and generation of ROS in both androgen -dependent (LNCaP) and -independent (PC3) PC cells. Cell cycle analysis suggested that inhibition of AR prevents IGF-induced entry of cells from G1 to S phase in PC3 cells. Inhibition of AR also prevented IGF-induced activation of AKT/PI3K and NF-kB. Results with androgen-dependent LNCaP cells showed that inhibition of AR prevented the phosphorylation of androgen receptor, and secretion and expression of PSA when cells were cultured in 5% serum. Further, inhibition of AR increased the drug-sensitivity of multi-drug-resistant PC3 cells against chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin, docetaxel, doxorubicin, and methotrexate. These results indicate that AR mediates oxidative stress -induced inflammatory signals in prostate carcinogenesis. Hence, AR inhibition could be a potential therapeutic target against prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5669.
P188 CAT Score Threshold For Symptom/Risk Assessment in Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD) Using the 2011 GOLD Algorithm
Authors: A Pillai, RA Stockley
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> The revised COPD GOLD guidelines (2011) recommend that validated questionnaires like the CAT (COPD Assessment Test) or the modified MRC (Medical Research Council) breathlessness scale should be used to assess symptoms in COPD against “risk” as assessed by GOLD spirometric staging or exacerbation frequency. We have demonstrated that when either the MRC or CAT scores are used to determine symptoms, there is a significant difference in the proportion of patients being categorised into the risk categories which will affect risk assessment and may influence therapeutic choice. <h3>Aim</h3> To determine the CAT threshold for risk assessment at which similar proportions of patients are categorised into the 4 risk categories. <h3>Methods</h3> 309 consecutive patients on the AATD registry (PiZZ) were grouped into the four categories (A, B, C, and D) as suggested by GOLD, on the basis of their CAT/mMRC scores and GOLD stage/Exacerbation frequency. Using CAT as the symptom grade, we compared patient distribution in the 4 categories using scores between 10 and 20 to determine the CAT threshold at which the distribution of patients in each group is proportional. <h3>Results</h3> The proportion of patients in each of the 4 categories was consistent for each symptom score whether risk was assessed by FEV1 or exacerbation number. However the proportions using CAT 10 and mMRC 0–1, ≥2 were significantly different in each category. When the CAT threshold was changed to 13, the proportions of patients in the four groups were no longer significantly different to those using mMRC. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We have demonstrated that in patients with AATD, using CAT score of 13 as the threshold for assessing symptoms results in a similar proportion of patients being categorised into the risk categories. This affects risk assessment and therapeutic choice. Longitudinal follow up and monitoring will enable confirmation of this threshold for patient management.
WHO warns world over health needs in Philippines
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Relief organisations are concerned about the acute and the chronic healthcare needs of the thousands of survivors of the devastating typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines.

The World Health Organization, which is coordinating the medical relief effort on behalf of the Philippines government, said that health needs in the affected areas were “significant.” Survivors need treatment for trauma and injuries caused during the typhoon, but the lack of health services in some areas also meant that patients could not get treatment for chronic diseases such as diabetes. WHO said that 12 000 babies were due in the affected areas in the coming month.

WHO has already deployed drugs and supplies to perform 400 surgeries and cover the basic health needs of 120 000 people for one month. Special diarrhoeal disease kits with …
Attitudes of Michigan Physicians and the Public toward Legalizing Physician-Assisted Suicide and Voluntary Euthanasia
Authors: Jerald G. Bachman, Kirsten H. Alcser, David J. Doukas, Richard L. Lichtenstein, Amy D. Corning, Howard Brody
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

There has been a continuing public debate about assisted suicide and the proper role, if any, of physicians in this practice. Legislative bans and various forms of legalization have been proposed.We mailed questionnaires to three stratified random samples of Michigan physicians in specialties likely to involve the care of terminally ill patients: 500 in the spring of 1994, 500 in the summer of 1994, and 600 in the spring of 1995. Similar questionnaires were mailed to stratified random samples of Michigan adults: 449 in the spring of 1994 and 899 in the summer of 1994. Several different questionnaire forms were used, all of which included questions about whether physician-assisted suicide should be banned in Michigan or legalized under certain conditions.Usable questionnaires were returned by 1119 of 1518 physicians eligible for the study (74 percent), and 998 of 1307 eligible adults in the sample of the general public (76 percent). Asked to choose between legalization of physician-assisted suicide and an explicit ban, 56 percent of physicians and 66 percent of the public support legalization, 37 percent of physicians and 26 percent of the public preferred a ban, and 8 percent of each group were uncertain. When the physicians were given a wider range of choices, 40 percent preferred legalization, 37 percent preferred "no law" (i.e., no government regulation), 17 percent favored prohibition, and 5 percent were uncertain. If physician-assisted suicide were legal, 35 percent of physicians said they might participate if requested--22 percent would participate in either assisted suicide or voluntary euthanasia, and 13 percent would participate only in assisted suicide. Support for physician-assisted suicide was lowest among the strongly religious.Most Michigan physicians prefer either the legalization of physician-assisted suicide or no law at all; fewer than one fifth prefer a complete ban on the practice. Given a choice between legalization and a ban, two thirds of the Michigan public prefer legalization and one quarter prefer a ban.
Increased Effectiveness of Liposome-Encapsulated Doxorubicin in Multidrug-Resistant-Transgenic Mice Compared With Free Doxorubicin
Authors: G. H. Mickisch, A. Rahman, I. Pastan, M. M. Gottesman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Increased Effectiveness of Liposome-Encapsulated Doxorubicin in Multidrug-Resistant-Transgenic Mice Compared With Free Doxorubicin Get access Gerald H. Mickisch, Gerald H. Mickisch Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Centers, Division of Cancer Biology, Diagnosis, and Centres National Cancer InstituteBethesda, Md. G. H. Mickisch is supported by grant DFG-Mi 334/1–1 from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and by the Boehringer-Mannheim Foundation. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Aquilur Rahman, Aquilur Rahman Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Georgetown University Medical CenterRockville, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ira Pastan, Ira Pastan Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Centers, Division of Cancer Biology, Diagnosis, and Centres National Cancer InstituteBethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael M. Gottesman Michael M. Gottesman * Laboratory of Cell Biology, Division of Cancer Biology, Diagnosis, and Centers, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, Md. * Correspondence to: Michael M. Gottesman, M.D., Bldg. 37, Rm. 1B22, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 10, 20 May 1992, Pages 804–805, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.10.804 Published: 20 May 1992 Article history Received: 20 December 1991 Revision received: 27 March 1992 Accepted: 01 April 1992 Published: 20 May 1992
Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease and Related Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
Authors: Richard T. Johnson, Clarence J. Gibbs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Until 30 years ago, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease was an obscure form of dementia unknown to most physicians. The name is now familiar to the medical community as the major transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (or prion disease) in humans and to research scientists because of its strange causative agent with novel modes of replication and transmission. Furthermore, the term "Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease" has caused distress to patients who have been notified that they may have received tainted blood or blood products, and it has been popularized by extensive media coverage of bovine spongiform encephalopathy ("mad cow disease"), with its profound economic impact in Europe . . .
MEDICAL VERSUS SURGICAL MANAGEMENT IN ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS WITH BICUSPID AORTIC VALVE AND MODERATELY DILATED ASCENDING AORTA
Authors: Hyo-In Choi, Byeong Joo Bae, Se Hun Kang, Hanul Choi, Jeong Yoon Jang, Byung Joo Sun, Kim Dae-Hee, Jong-Min Song, Kee-Joon Choi, Jae-Kwan Song, Duk-Hyun Kang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
NOVEL AUTOMATED THREE-DIMENSIONAL MITRAL VALVE AREA MEASUREMENT IN RHEUMATIC MITRAL STENOSIS
Authors: Tawai Ngernsritrakul, Sanisara Chandrachamnong, David Hur, Rachel Hylen, Irena Vaitkeviciute, Oraporn See, Lissa Sugeng
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Pancreatic head mass of unusual etiology: multiple myeloma diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration
Authors: P. Pinto-Marques, C. Martins, E. Mendonça, H. Castro, D. Serra
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Pancreatic involvement in multiple myeloma (MM) is a rare event and can occur as a primary isolated form or as secondary manifestation of systemic disease. The endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) features of this entity have not been described.
A rare cause of gastric outlet obstruction: gastritis cystica profunda accompanied by adenocarcinoma
Authors: T. Matsumoto, M. Wada, Y. Imai, T. Inokuma
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

A 51-year-old woman without previous history of gastric surgery presented with repeated episodes of vomiting over the past several days. Gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a gastric outlet obstruction caused by a 7-cm submucosal tumor in the prepyloric region ([Fig. 1]).