tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P1-12-05: Complete Pathological Response of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ after Treatment with Neoadjuvant Herceptin.
Authors: CR Chalmers, EA Mallon, N Touqan, KJ Horgan, I MacPherson, JC Doughty
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: The introduction of neo-adjuvant herceptin has led to pathological complete response rates of up to 60% in patients with breast cancer. The traditional (NSABP) definition of pathological complete response includes cases demonstrating residual DCIS and little is known about the effects of neo-adjuvant herceptin in this situation. Current evidence suggests that DCIS is chemo-resistant, but it has also been shown that DCIS is more likely to be HER-2 positive than primary cancer. Results: We describe six patients who received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and herceptin for biopsy-proven, node-positive, large breast cancers either with an extensive component of concomitant DCIS or a separate DCIS focus. Neo-adjuvant treatment did not result in any changes in the pattern of mammographic calcification seen pre-operatively (Figure 1 a-c), however histopathology of all six specimens showed ductal spaces containing macrophages and calcification but no residual lining epithelium, features consistent with pathological complete response of the DCIS component (Figure 1d). Figure 1: Pathologically complete response of DCIS after neo-adjuvant treatment with herceptin. (a) Pre-treatment mammogram (b) Post neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and herceptin mammogram showing resolution of the mass effect of the primary cancer and unchanged residual mammographic calcification associated with the extensive DCIS component (c) Wire-localised specimen demonstrating excision of calcification (d) Histopathology of the same specimen showing calcium-filled ducts and no residual lining epithelium. Discussion: In conclusion, neo-adjuvant herceptin is associated with complete pathological response of both breast cancer and DCIS. The presence of unchanged persistent mammographic calcification in known regions of DCIS after treatment complicates any role of mammographic surveillance in this group and raises the question of optimal surgical management in the future management of these individuals. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-12-05.
Medullary Cystic Disease and Familial Juvenile Nephronophthisis
Authors: Maurice B. Strauss, Sheldon C. Sommers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

AN editorial, "Cystic Diseases of the Kidney," published in the Journal last year,1 contains the following statement:A clinical picture virtually identical with medullary cystic disease is encountered in familial juvenile nephronophthisis, first described by Fanconi et al.2 in 1951, but only recently observed in the United States. Consanguinity has been common, and the mode of inheritance appears to be that of an autosomal recessive in which males and females are affected in equal numbers. Although the published descriptions and photomicrographs do not seem to resemble those of medullary cystic disease a recent report of ... presumably juvenile nephronophthisis has . . .
QL-04 * FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SUICIDAL IDEATION IN CLINICALLY DISTRESSED ADULT GLIOMA PATIENTS
Authors: P. Banerjee, T. Cloughesy, S. Cervantes, J. Pham, P. Nghiemphu, A. Lai, D. Wellisch
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

OBJECTIVE: During patient care, it is critical to identify the glioma patients who are experiencing suicidal ideation among those who present with elevated levels of psychological distress, so appropriate interventions can be implemented. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that differentiated adult glioma patients with possible suicidal ideation from those without suicidal ideation among patients experiencing psychological distress. METHODS: 317 adult patients with WHO Grade II-IV glioma completed a psychosocial questionnaire comprised of several measures: Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) on general psychological distress, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 on depressive symptoms, General Anxiety Disorder-7 on anxiety symptoms, Revised Schwartz Cancer Fatigue Scale on fatigue, and CCSS Neurocognitive Questionnaire on cognitive symptoms. Patients with clinically elevated levels of psychological distress were identified, as determined by a BSI-18 Total T Score ≥ 50 (per Recklitis, 2007). Possible suicidal ideation was identified by endorsement of a positive response to BSI-18 item "thoughts of ending your life.“ T-tests, chi-square tests, and regression were utilized to identify the factors that distinguished the patients who endorsed possible suicidal ideation from those who did not, among the subset of patients with clinically elevated distress levels. RESULTS: 116 patients (36.6%) endorsed clinically significant distress levels. Of these, 17 patients (14.7%) endorsed possible suicidal ideation. Significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety, overall fatigue, emotional fatigue, emotional lability, task inefficiency, and memory concerns (p < .01) distinguished the patients with suicidal ideation. No medical characteristics (e.g., tumor location, grade, KPS, chemotherapy) or demographics (e.g., age, gender) significantly differentiated those with suicidal ideation from those without. CONCLUSION: The rates of clinically elevated psychological distress and potential suicidal ideation were determined in a large neuro-oncology clinic. Several psychosocial factors including fatigue and cognitive difficulties differentiated patients with possible suicidal ideation from those without, rather than tumor, treatment, or demographic characteristics.
Gene Transfer into Humans — Immunotherapy of Patients with Advanced Melanoma, Using Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Modified by Retroviral Gene Transduction
Authors: Steven A. Rosenberg, Paul Aebersold, Kenneth Cornetta, Attan Kasid, Richard A. Morgan, Robert Moen, Evelyn M. Karson, Michael T. Lotze, James C. Yang, Suzanne L. Topalian, Maria J. Merino, Kenneth Culver, A. Dusty Miller, R. Michael Blaese, W. French Anderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Treatment with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) plus interleukin-2 can mediate the regression of metastatic melanoma in approximately half of patients. To optimize this treatment approach and define the in vivo distribution and survival of TIL, we used retroviral-mediated gene transduction to introduce the gene coding for resistance to neomycin into human TIL before their infusion into patients--thus using the new gene as a marker for the infused cells.Five patients received the gene-modified TIL. All the patients tolerated the treatment well, and no side effects due to the gene transduction were noted. The presence and expression of the neomycin-resistance gene were demonstrated in TIL from all the patients with Southern blot analysis and enzymatic assay for the neomycin phosphotransferase coded by the bacterial gene. Cells from four of the five patients grew successfully in high concentrations of G418, a neomycin analogue otherwise toxic to eukaryotic cells. With polymerase-chain-reaction analysis, gene-modified cells were consistently found in the circulation of all five patients for three weeks and for as long as two months in two patients. Cells were recovered from tumor deposits as much as 64 days after cell administration. The procedure was safe according to all criteria, including the absence of infections virus in TIL and in the patients.These studies demonstrate the feasibility and safety of using retroviral gene transduction for human gene therapy and have implications for the design of TIL with improved antitumor potency, as well as for the possible use of lymphocytes for the gene therapy of other diseases.
Effect of Oral Milrinone on Mortality in Severe Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Milton Packer, Joseph R. Carver, Richard J. Rodeheffer, Russell J. Ivanhoe, Robert DiBianco, Steven M. Zeldis, Grady H. Hendrix, William J. Bommer, Uri Elkayam, Marrick L. Kukin, George I. Mallis, Josephine A. Sollano, James Shannon, P.K. Tandon, David L. DeMets
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Milrinone, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, enhances cardiac contractility by increasing intracellular levels of cyclic AMP, but the long-term effect of this type of positive inotropic agent on the survival of patients with chronic heart failure has not been determined.
Role of KCNMA1 gene in breast cancer invasion and metastasis to brain.
Authors: D Khaitan, UT Sankpal, NS Ningaraj
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2043 Background: The prognosis for patients with brain metastasis from breast cancer is extremely poor. A significant number of breast tumor patients despite aggressive therapy develop metastatic disease in brain. The mechanism or the cause of breast cancer metastasis to brain is unknown. Therefore, it is critical to identify prognostic molecular markers of the metastatic process in order to design therapeutic modalities for reducing the occurrence of metastasis. In this study we investigated KCNMA1 gene, which encodes alpha subunit of calcium activated potassium (KCa) channels. Altered KCa channels, are described in a wide variety of tumor cell types and up-regulation of KCa channels was shown to be a novel mechanism for the malignant phenotype of human tumor cells.&amp;#x2028; Material and Methods: We performed Global GeneChip exon arrays to study the expression of KCNMA1 gene in metastatic breast cancer in brain and compared it with primary breast cancer and breast cancers metastatic to other organs, and validated the findings by RT-PCR. Immuno-histochemistry was performed to study the expression and localization of alpha subunit of KCa channel protein in primary and metastatic breast tumor tissues and breast cancer cell lines. We performed Matrigel invasion, transendothelial migration and membrane potential assays in normal breast cells (MCF-10A), non-metastatic breast cancer (MCF-7), non-brain metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), and brain-specific metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-361) to study whether KCa channel inhibition attenuates breast tumor invasion and metastasis to brain.&amp;#x2028; Results: The Global GeneChip exon array and RT-PCR showed higher KCNMA1 gene expression in metastatic breast cancer in brain compared to metastatic breast cancers in other organs. Our results clearly show that metastatic breast cancer cells exhibit increased KCa channel activity, leading to greater invasion and trans-endothelial migration, which could be attenuated by blocking the KCNMA1 gene with siRNA and biochemical inhibition with IBTX.&amp;#x2028; Discussion: Recent investigations in patients with metastatic lung and breast cancers reported alarming rates of brain metastases. Unraveling the genetic aberrations that drive the metastatic events in these cancer cells offer insights into how to limit or prevent this lethal process. For instance, determining the relative abundance of KCNMA1 gene in breast cancer metastasis to brain and understanding the mechanism of brain metastasis provides a unique opportunity to identify specific genetic markers that could differentiate between low grade breast tumors that are at high risk for metastasis from those at low risk for metastasis. This would in turn allow for the appropriate and efficient application of treatments to obtain the greatest benefit while sparing low risk patients for metastasis from the toxic side effects of chemotherapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2043.
PARE0016 Annual walking day - move towards a healthier lifestyle
Authors: B. Leppik
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Walking Day is an annual event organized by the Estonian Rheumatism Association. It was brought to Estonia by the Finnish Rheumatism Association in 1999. It was one of the first events in Estonia, where Nordic walking was taught and promoted as a healthy way to exercise. Walking Day promotes Nordic walking to wider audiences and people with diseases, to children, teenagers and families with the purpose to attract them to walking and other simple exercises - using rubber bands and stretching. <h3>Objectives</h3> 1)To promote Nordic walking as a simple and accessible way to move in order to prevent diseases and help to cope with chronical diseases. Teach he correct technique for walking to maximise positive results. teach how to walk technically correctly so that benefits from it would be as big as possible. 2)To popularize walking and gain more participants for Walking Days to come. People that walk in fresh air regularly get ill a lot less and have fuller lives even with chronic diseases. 3) To not only involve people with bone and joint disorders but also people from other fields – children and families of all ages. The purpose is to create healthy habits all over the country. 4) To offer other simple possibilities to exercise besides walking – training with rubber bands and competitive games for children. 5) By involving professionals, we offer a chance to participate in different workshops : preventing and dealing with osteoporosis, back pain and health check-ups (blood pressure, pulse, body mass index, blood sugar, cholesterol and others), to raise health awereness and prevent diseases. 6) To raise the authority of Estonian Rheumatism Association as a non-profitable organisation and have bigger role in Estonian society promoting health awereness, cure for bone and joint diseases and social capacity. <h3>Methods</h3> The event taught the correct technique of Nordic walking, so that its benefits to the body would be maximal. Informational material was handed out and participants took part in a training led by a Nordic walking specialist. It was also possible to get health check-ups - measure blood pressure, cholesterol level, body mass index, blood sugar level, obviate traumas and check if there is threat of osteoporosis. There were also lectures about preventing illnesses and healthy lifestyle in general. <h3>Results</h3> The results were pleasing - there were over 800 pariticpants from all around Estonia. Walkind Day taught them the right techniques to walk, raised health awereness and spent a great and active day in fresh air. We also strengthened relationships between unions from all around the country. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Walking Day is a great event of promoting a healthier lifestyle and raising healt awereness. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> We hope it will grow more popular every year and people from around Estonia would come and celebrate health together. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Chronic diseases like asthma and COPD: do they truly exist?
Authors: Peter J. Sterk
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

We have all been taught what asthma is and currently, the worldwide Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) strategy defines the disease in great detail [1]. Similarly, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been delineated carefully by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), which provides concrete recommendations for its diagnosis based on today's standards [2]. These two efforts have probably done more for the benefit of patients with chronic airway diseases around the world than any top-level research programme in the field: chapeau! The solid recommendations by GINA and GOLD are based on knowledge accumulated since, let us say, the mid-20th century regarding the background, assessment and management of these established diseases. Hence, would there be any reason for shaking up asthma and COPD? Historical diagnoses of asthma and COPD should be replaced with bioclinical phenotyping <http://ow.ly/VulR0>
SAT0416 Risk Factors of Developing Secondary Osteoarthritis of the Knee in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: I. Starodubtseva, L. Vasilieva, A. Nikitin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> A comorbid condition is a medical condition that is present in addition to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Physicians and researchers are interested in comorbidity because of its effect on life quality, RA prognosis and the outcome [1]. RA can damage a joint with secondary osteoarthritis (OA)manifestation. <h3>Objectives</h3> The study is focused on estimating the risk factors of developing secondary osteoarthritis of the knee in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. <h3>Methods</h3> The analytical study of risk factors of secondary OA of the knee was conducted with 260 patients. RA was diagnosed according to the criteria of EULAR/ACR, the average age of patients was 52,1±11,3, 84,3% of them were females, the disease lasted from 3 to 15 years. To reveal the risk factors of developing secondary OA of the knee in RA, patients were divided into two groups: group 1 included 120 patients with secondary OA in RA, group 2 was comprised of 140 patients with RA. To diagnose coexisting secondary OA of the knee we used clinical investigation, US and X-ray. <h3>Results</h3> The results of logistic regression are presented in rating. It demonstrates the significant modified and unmodified risk factors of RA patients associated with secondary OA. Long-term therapy of glucocorticoids and high activity on DAS 28 increase the risk of development of secondary OA of the knee in patients with RA by 5 and 3,5 times respectively (5,05-2,52120 min and pain on VAS&gt;50 mm in group 1; 25% and 41% of patients from group 2 had the same symptoms. According to the results of the trial, the risk of developing secondary osteoarthritis increases when unmodified factors are present. Those are age &gt;45 years and the duration of the disease &gt;10 years. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The significant risk factors of secondary OA of the knee (in addition with unmodified factors) associate with the consequences of chronic inflammation in RA. Long-term therapy of glucocorticoids, high activity of the disease on DAS28, morning stiffness &gt;120 min and pain on VAS&gt;50 min in combination with unmodified parameters increase the risk of developing secondary OA of the knee in patients with RA. <h3>References</h3> Michaud K., Wolfe F. Comorbidities in rheumatoid arthritis. Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Rheumatology, 2007;21(5):885–906. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3809
Peripheral Nerve Lesions in the Upper Extremity in Hemiplegic Patients
Authors: Eugene Moskowitz, James I. Porter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

REHABILITATION of the upper extremity in hemiplegie patients presents multiple problems. Superimposed musculoskeletal and neuromuscular complications may be obscured by the hemiplegia. Prompt recognition and treatment of these conditions may improve the prognosis, which in most cases is less favorable than that for the lower extremity.In a previous study the recognition and management of reflex sympathetic dystrophy in hemiplegie patients were described.1 This report concerns the incidence of peripheral nerve lesions in the upper extremity in hemiplegie patients.The advent of organized rehabilitation activities has led to early mobilization and treatment during the flaccid stage of the hemiplegia. Initially, . . .
On the Nose
Authors: Marwah Abdalla, Paul E. Sax, Arash Mostaghimi, Amy Leigh Miller, Joseph Loscalzo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

A 67-year-old man presented with a 3-day history of chest tightness, wheezing, coughing, and dyspnea. He had a history of asthma but had not had major exacerbations for 20 years. He did not have fever, sputum production, hemoptysis, orthopnea, or edema.
Single versus Multiple Dose Dactinomycin Therapy of Wilms's Tumor
Authors: J. A. Wolff, W. Krivit, W. A. Newton, G. J. D'Angio
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Sixty-four children with resectable forms of Wilms's tumor, 12 months of age or older, were selected at random for treatment either with a single course of dactinomycin or to maintenance dactinomycin therapy given intermittently for 15 months in addition to postoperative radiotherapy. Twenty-two patients in one group and 23 in the other were acceptable for evaluation of treatment. Eighty-six per cent of the subjects (19 of 22) given maintenance chemotherapy have had no recurrence to date as compared to 48 per cent (11/23) without recurrence in the group given a single course of dactinomycin. This difference is statistically significant. Toxicity from dactinomycin in the dosage used has been minimal despite concurrent radiotherapy.
Patent Ductus, Prematurity and Pulmonary Disease
Authors: L. Jerome Krovetz, Richard D. Rowe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Since the advent of surgery for patent ductus arterious,1 successful closure has been accomplished in many institutions around the world. The operation has become so routinely successful in the older infant, child and young adult that the lesion is now often regarded with something akin to nonchalance. Many large series have been reported with few deaths or serious postoperative complications. At the Johns Hopkins Hospital, for example, there have been no deaths from the operation in children over the age of three months for more than 10 years.That the situation is remarkably different in the neonate with patent ductus . . .
SAT0483 Incidence density of serious and opportunistic infections and TB reactivation after biologic treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis – a review of the literature
Authors: T.N. Tran, H. Caspard, F. Magrini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Serious (SI) and opportunistic (OI) infections as well as tuberculosis (TB) reactivation are important side effects of biologic therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Most previous studies, meta-analyses, or literature reviews focused on whether biologic therapy increases the risk of infection but no summary of the absolute incidence rate of infection is available. <h3>Objectives</h3> To summarize the incidence density (i.e. incidence per person-year (PY)) of SI, OI, and TB after treatment with each of the nine biologic therapies indicated in RA patients. <h3>Methods</h3> A systematic review of the literature was conducted with search on PubMed and Embase from January 1998 to November 2011. Incidence density was extracted and reported using the definition from the respective publications. If the incidence density was not reported, estimation was made using available information. <h3>Results</h3> 68 published studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed, including 43 clinical trials, open label extension studies, or meta-analyses, and 25 observational studies. Additional calculation of the incidence was done in 13 studies for SI and in 11 studies for OI or TB. The incidence of SI was consistent across studies and biologic therapies, ranging from 2 to 12/100 PY but mainly clustered from 2 to 6/100 PY. Much less incidence data were available for OI and TB, both ranging widely from 0.01 to 2.6/100 PY. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This data about SI may be used to evaluate the public health risk and benefit of each biologic treatment. It may also serve as a point of reference for future studies. The limited data on OI and the lack of a consistent definition of OI invite cautions for a benchmark rate for OI as a composite category. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> T. Tran Employee of: MedImmune LLC, H. Caspard Employee of: MedImmune LLC, F. Magrini Employee of: MedImmune LLC