tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lessons learned engaging Hispanic communities in cancer research
Authors: V. Mika, T. C. Hurd, T. Sunil, L. Morning Star, F. Moore, O. Garcia, L. Lopez, M. Martinez, R. Rios, R. Welsh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

1551 Background: Community involvement is critical to advance cancer education and prevention in minority communities. Researchers must be knowledgeable of the target community's basic cultural beliefs and linguistic needs. This study sought to identify the best approach for conducting community based cancer research in South Texas Hispanic communities. We report our experiences and lessons learned with participants and site recruitment and retention. Methods: We introduced a community based, culturally relevant breast and cervical cancer screening and early detection program, Esperanza y Vida, to address barriers and disparities in four border communities (urban, rural, colonia, and small border town). These areas represent the diverse South Texas Mexican American population in terms of language use, immigration status, and length of time in the US. Within these communities we recruited a grassroots community organization, faith-based health center, rural hospital district, and federally qualified health center. Results: Focus groups were conducted with women and men to assess knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about women's cancers. To successfully recruit participants, we implemented various techniques to engage the community and establish sustainable relationships. These included community health worker recruitment of community members, traditional recruitment (flyers, posters, word of mouth), key community and cultural leader support, and discussions with local groups and health organizations. We and our community partners identified and overcame investigator/community barriers (lack of community knowledge, community integration into the research process, community understanding of research methods, reluctance to develop innovative approaches). Consequently, participants are eager to remain with the program and are individually and collectively mobilizing others to create a sustainable and durable program. Conclusions: 1. Cultural leader engagement worked best for participant recruitment in the small border town and colonia settings, while key community leader engagement was most effective in the small city urban and rural settings. 2. Research/community partners must identify and discuss project barriers regardless of the fear of creating discordance to reach solutions. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
P69 An exploratory study to investigate the relationship between fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) home monitoring and eosinophilic airway inflammation in adults with severe asthma
Authors: CR Nanda, A Singapuri, M Soares, W Monteiro, S Siddiqui, S Gonem
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> FeNO is a non-invasive surrogate marker of corticosteroid-responsive airway inflammation that may be measured using small portable devices. We aimed to determine (i) the reliability and feasibility of twice-daily FeNO home monitoring in adults with severe asthma, as well as (ii) to explore the relationship between serial FeNO measurements and gold standard markers of eosinophilic airway inflammation. <h3>Methods</h3> Ten patients with severe asthma (BTS treatment steps 4/5) were recruited from the Difficult Asthma Clinic at Glenfield Hospital. Patients were provided with portable FeNO monitors (NOBreath, Bedfont Scientific Ltd., Maidstone, UK) for a period of eight weeks, and asked to record twice-daily FeNO (at a flow rate of 50 ml/s) and PEF readings, as well as daily visual analogue scores for cough, breathlessness and wheeze, using paper diaries. They attended fortnightly visits during the study period, at which they underwent sputum induction and full blood count. <h3>Results</h3> Nine patients completed the study. The median (range) intraclass correlation coefficient of triplicate FeNO measurements was 0.83 (0.78 – 0.92) for morning measurements and 0.82 (0.71 – 0.97) for evening measurements. There was a median of 7.1% missing data (range 2.7 – 14.3%). FeNO measurements correlated strongly with sputum and blood eosinophil counts, with the strongest correlations observed with a 9-day FeNO moving average, and a lag time of -1 day for sputum eosinophils (r = 0.571, p &lt; 0.001) and -2 days for blood eosinophil counts (r = 0.691, p &lt; 0.0001), suggesting that changes in sputum and blood eosinophil counts tended to precede changes in FeNO by 1 and 2 days respectively. In contrast there were no consistent relationships seen between FeNO and either PEF or visual analogue scores. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Home monitoring of FeNO is feasible and the measurements are repeatable. Daily FeNO measurements correlate strongly with sputum and blood eosinophil counts, and are most useful when a moving average is taken over approximately 9 days. Further studies are required to determine if daily FeNO measurements may have a role in predicting loss of asthma control or exacerbations.
Unilateral Renal Plasma Flow in the Assessment of Correctable Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Victor Vertes, Saul Genuth, Daniel E. Leb, Julian B. Galvin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THE search for curable forms of renovascular hypertension has received considerable attention in recent years. Increasing numbers of patients have been subjected to vascular repair or to nephrectomy.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 However, the results have been inconsistent, and the incidence of cure has not been particularly impressive.10 11 12 Our experience suggests that disappointing surgical results can be expected when the patient has significant bilateral intrarenal vascular disease in addition to a unilateral extrarenal vascular lesion.12 Thus, we believe that it is necessary to establish before operation the anatomic integrity of the arteries and arterioles within the kidney. This procedure would spare the patient with . . .
MNGO-10IMPACT OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) AND ITS IMMUNOMODULATORY TREATMENT ON MENINGIOMA OUTCOMES
Authors: Sepideh Mokhtari, Thomas Kaley
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BACKGROUND: Meningioma is rarely described in the MS literature and the influence of immunomodulatory treatment is not known.There are only a few case reports on the relationship of MS and meningioma, some of which suggest progression of disease with MS treatment.METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with MS by Macdonald criteria and meningioma from January 1992 to December 2014.RESULTS: We identified 7 women, median age of 65 (range: 46-69), with both MS and meningioma.Six patients were followed for a median of 9 years (range: 1 month-10 years).Two were never treated with any disease modifying therapy (DMT), 3 were treated with interferon-beta 1a (IFNb-1a), 1 with glatiramer acetate then, natalizumab, and 1 with IFNb-1a then, natalizumab.At the time of meningioma diagnosis, 4 had not been treated with any DMT, 2 were on IFNb-1a, and 1 was on glatiramer acetate.In six cases, meningioma was diagnosed after the MS diagnosis (median of 11 years, range of 0-21 years).Of the 7 patients identified, meningioma progression necessitated tumor treatment in 4 patients; 3 surgical resections, 1 stereotactic radiosurgery.Histology of all resected tumors was WHO grade I.Of these patients, 2 were on IFNb-1a and 2 never received DMT.The one patient who had stereotactic radiosurgery was on treatment with IFNb-1a during meningioma growth period.This patient had multiple complications due to radiation necrosis.The remaining 3 patients treated for MS did not require treatment of their meningioma.CONCLUSION: In this small series of patients with both MS and meningioma, tumor progression necessitating treatment in patients receiving DMT or off DMT.In the one patient who received stereotactic radiosurgery, radiation caused severe complications.
Case 22-2005
Authors: Harry Hollander, Pamela W. Schaefer, E. Tessa Hedley-Whyte
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

An 81-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because he had had cough and fever for two weeks and had recently become confused. He had had chronic lymphocytic leukemia for six years. His mental status continued to deteriorate, with coma and respiratory arrest, and he died on the 12th hospital day.
OC-089 Linked hospital and primary care database study of venous thromboembolism and associated mortality following general surgical procedures in england
Authors: G Bouras, EM Burns, A-M Howell, A Bottle, T Athanasiou, A Darzi
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Trends towards shortening hospital stay through day case surgery and enhanced recovery mean that postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) may increasingly occur following hospital discharge. However, population rates of postoperative VTE cannot be measured from hospital databases alone, as they do not capture information outside of the hospital setting. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence has suggested the use of linked hospital and primary care data to gain a better understanding of rates of hospital care-related VTE,<sup>1</sup>however, data for surgical patients is lacking. <h3>Method</h3> Ninety-day in-hospital and post-discharge VTE and mortality were evaluated in twelve general surgical procedures performed from 1997 to 2012 using linked Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES), Office of National Statistics (ONS) and National Cancer Intelligence Network (NCIN) databases. The proportion of VTE captured in each database and risk factors for VTE and mortality were evaluated. <h3>Results</h3> 168005 operations over fifteen years were evaluated. There were 981 (0.58%) VTE events recorded after 90 days postoperatively. Different datasets recorded variable rates of VTE. CPRD recorded 56.0% (549/981), HES recorded 66.3% (650/981) and ONS recorded 8.3% (81/981) of all recorded VTE. For VTE recorded in two databases, 28.3% (278/981) were in HES and CPRD and 2.1% (21/981) in HES and ONS. Overall VTE rate ranged between 0.08% (14/17554, 3.2/1000 patient years) following haemorrhoidectomy to 2.92% (61/2091, 118.3/1000 patient years) following oesophagogastrectomy. Predictors of VTE included emergency surgery (OR = 1.91), age (OR = 1.02), body mass index (OR = 1.03), previous VTE (OR = 8.07), length of stay (OR = 1.00) and cancer stages II (OR = 1.38), III (OR = 1.50) and IV (OR = 1.63). Major organ resections had the greatest odds of VTE. The frequency of in-hospital VTE ranged from 76.4 to 288.9/1000 person years, while post-discharge VTE ranged from 2.6 to 82.1/1000 patient years. Both in-hospital (OR = 2.07) and post-discharge (OR = 4.03) VTE independently predicted 90-day mortality (p &lt; 0.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> A large proportion of postoperative VTE were detected in the primary care setting. Evaluation of linked databases is a useful way of measuring postoperative VTE at population level. These resources identified substantial harm from post-discharge VTE following general surgical procedures. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Venous thromboembolism in patients admitted to hospital. Guideline No. 92, 2010
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLCA): Does the size of the tumor and the patient’s age predict brain metastases?
Authors: N. Janbay, R. Nath, G. Guron, A. R. Razzak, A. Prvulovic, L. Mansour, N. Joshi, Z. Ghanem, N. Abd Al-Noor, M. Maroules
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

7318 Background: Many studies have demonstrated the prognostic importance of tumor size in the early stages of NSCLCA and the effect of age on the outcome; however, no study has looked at the association between brain metastases and the size of the tumor or the age of the patient. Subjects and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 251 cases that were diagnosed with NSCLCA over a period of five years (1999–2003) in two institutions. We looked at many aspects at the presentation of the disease in an effort to predict brain metastases: age of the patients, size of the tumor, hilar involvement, pleural effusion, and pathology of the tumor. 88 patients (35%) were ≤60 years old. 82 patients (32.7%)had a tumor size ≤3 cm, 146 (58%) had tumor >3 cm, 16 (6.4%) had massive plural effusion, and 7 (2.8%) were presented with lung collapse. Hilar and pleural involvement occurred in 127 (51%) and 83 patients (33%), respectively. Histology showed adenocarcenoma in 194 patients (77%), squamous cell carcinoma in 51 (20%), and large cell carcinoma in 6 (3%). Results: A total of 44 cases of brain metastasis were found at the time of diagnosis, and of these, 24 (55%) were <60 years old. Compared to the patients >60 years old, there was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of brain metastasis by using chi-squar test (p=0.0029), and by using linear regression analysis there was a high significance of age predicting brain metastases (p<0.05). There was no significance when comparing the incidence of brain metastases to a primary tumor size ≤3 cm, (p=0.2668), Hilar involvement (p= 0.2147), or pleural effusion (p=0.3683). However, there was a statistical significance when comparing the incidence of brain mets with the pathology (adenocarcenoma) of the tumor (p=0.01). Conclusion: Our analysis suggests that younger pts. (≤60 years) have a higher chance to present with brain mets then older pts. (>60), the pathology of the tumor (adenocarcenoma) has a high chance to metastasize, and the size of the tumor does not predict brain mets. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Experimental Production of Afibrinogenemia and Hemorrhagic Phenomena by Combined Fibrinolysis and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Donald G. McKay, Allan Kliman, Benjamin Alexander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THE appearance of a severe hemorrhagic diathesis associated with the absence, or extremely low levels, of circulating fibrinogen has long been known in certain clinical conditions such as premature separation of the placenta, amniotic-fluid embolism and septicemia. Moloney and his colleagues1 were among the first to document the occurrence of low fibrinogen levels and the presence of fibrinolytic activity in the blood. They postulated that in this case the low fibrinogen was due to an in vivo fibrinolytic enzyme. Further studies by Reid et al.2 in a group of patients with low fibrinogen and a hemorrhagic diathesis raised the possibility . . .
Replacement Therapy for Inherited Enzyme Deficiency
Authors: Roscoe O. Brady, John F. Tallman, William G. Johnson, Andrew E. Gal, William R. Leahy, Jane M. Quirk, Anatole S. Dekaban
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Ceramidetrihexosidase, which is lacking in patients with Fabry's disease, has been highly purified from human placental tissue. This enzyme was administered intravenously to two patients with Fabry's disease. The patients tolerated the procedure very well. The enzyme was rapidly cleared from the blood and was taken up to a major extent by the liver. In one patient, the level of circulating ceramidetrihexoside decreased from 53 to 22 nmoles per 10 ml of plasma 40 minutes after the enzyme was administered. In the other, who received 2/5 less enzyme, the level of circulating ceramidetrihexoside decreased from 67 to 45 nmoles per 10 ml of plasma. Infusions of normal fresh plasma or leukocytes and platelets suspended in plasma yielded results resembling the effect obtained with purified enzyme. Plasma infusion had no demonstrable effect. (N Engl J Med 289: 9–14, 1973)
Raltegravir in second-line antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings (SELECT): a randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority study
Authors: Alberto M La Rosa, Linda J Harrison, Babafemi Taiwo, Carole L Wallis, Lu Zheng, Peter Kim, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, Mina C Hosseinipour, Bernadette Jarocki, John W Mellors, Ann C Collier
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2016)
Hepatic Lipid Peroxidation in Acute Fatal Human Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning
Authors: Shuji Hashimoto, Eric A. Glende, Richard O. Recknagel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Experimental work in rats has shown that peroxidative decomposition of liver-cell structural lipids is an early consequence of acute carbon tetrachloride poisoning. A case of acute fatal human carbon tetrachloride poisoning presented an opportunity to determine whether the observation of liver lipid peroxidation induced by carbon tetrachloride could be extended to man. Normal liver from a traffic fatality served as a control. Examination of the liver lipids for conjugated diene configurations indicated that carbon tetrachloride had induced extensive peroxidative degeneration. On the basis of an experimental study of thioacetamide hepatotoxicity and post-mortem autolysis, it appears highly unlikely that the observed lipid peroxidation could have been due to necrobiologic changes or to post-mortem autolysis. It can be concluded that acute carbon tetrachloride poisoning produces in man as well as in the rat a peroxidative degeneration of liver-cell structural lipids.
Acute Kidney Injury With Buffered Crystalloids vs Saline Among ICU Patients
Authors: Kumaresh Venkatesan
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 380: Capture of EpCAM-negative circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with a “Universal CTC-Chip”
Authors: Kazue Yoneda, Yasuhiro Chikaishi, Eri Kawashima, Tomoko So, Hidetaka Uramoto, Takashi Ohnaga, Fumihiro Tanaka
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Background: Circulating tumor cell (CTC) can be a potentially useful clinical marker in early diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic effects for patients with malignant tumors. Our previous study showed that CTC detected by an EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) based immuno-magnetic separation system “CellSearch” was useful in the diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), and also useful in the prognosis of epithelioid type MPM (Yoneda K, et al. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013). However, EpCAM-negative tumor cells cannot be principally captured with the system. Therefore, we have developed EpCAM-independent “Universal CTC-Chip System”, and assessed its capture capability. Methods: PC-9 (lung cancer cell line) was employed as EpCAM-positive cells, ACC-MESO-1 and ACC-MESO-4 (mesothelioma cell lines) were employed as EpCAM-negative cells. The expression of cell surface antigen was confirmed by flow cytometry. A microfluidic devices made of resin was coated in two steps with bridging antibody and capture antibody. It is possible to use any antibody to capture. In this study, we use anti-EpCAM antibody, anti-podoplain antibody, anti-mesothelin antibody, and isotype control. First, we verified capture capability of this system using samples which were spiked tumor cells labeled with CFSE in PBS containing 5% BSA. Then, we measured in the same manner by adding the cells to the blood of healthy donor, and calculated capture rate. Results: The expression analysis of cell surface antigens, PC-9 was EpCAM-positive, podoplanin, mesothelin were negative. On the other hand, MESO-1, 4 was EpCAM negative, podoplanin, mesothelin were positive. The capture efficiency in PBS containing 5% BSA with each cell using anti-EpCAM antibody, anti-podoplanin antibody and anti-mesothelin were PC-9: 101.1% / 2.3% / 2.9%, MESO-1: 3.5% / 52.7% / 4.3%, MESO-4: 3.0% / 78.3% / 5.4%, respectively. In the study of blood, each of the capture rate using anti-EpCAM antibody and anti-podoplanin antibody were PC-9: 88.0/ 6.9%, MESO-1: 4.0%/ 12.7%, MESO-4: 2.2%/ 38.4%, respectively. Conclusions: The capture efficiency using this device depends on the expression intensity of cell surface antigens. In experiments with PBS samples, it was possible to capture targeting specific cell surface antigen. Mesothelioma cells in the blood ware captured with combination of this CTC-Chip system and anti-podoplanin antibody. Citation Format: Kazue Yoneda, Yasuhiro Chikaishi, Eri Kawashima, Tomoko So, Hidetaka Uramoto, Takashi Ohnaga, Fumihiro Tanaka. Capture of EpCAM-negative circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with a “Universal CTC-Chip”. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 380. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-380
Hypophosphatemia and Glucose Intolerance: Evidence for Tissue Insensitivity to Insulin
Authors: Ralph A. DeFronzo, Robert Lang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Although hypophosphatemia is commonly present in diabetics, little is known about its isolated effects on glucose and insulin metabolism. We therefore investigated glucose metabolism in six non-diabetic subjects with chronic hypophosphatemia. When glucose was infused to maintain a constant hyperglycemic level (125 mg per deciliter [6.9 mmol per liter] above basal levels), the glucose infusion rate was 36 per cent less in the hypophosphatemic group than in controls (4.90±0.34 mg per kilogram of body weight per minute vs. 7.64±0.37, P<0.001), although responses to endogenous insulin were similar. When exogenous insulin was infused at a constant rate to maintain an insulin level about 100 μU per milliliter (718 pmol per liter) above basal levels and glucose was infused as necessary to maintain fasting glucose levels, the infusion rate of glucose was 43 per cent lower in the hypophosphatemic group than in controls (3.80±0.58 mg per kilogram per minute vs. 6.70±0.33, P<0.001), although the clearance rate of insulin was similar in both groups. These results indicate that hypophosphatemia is associated with impaired glucose metabolism in both the hyperglycemic and euglycemic states, and that this association primarily reflects decreased tissue sensitivity to insulin. (N Engl J Med. 1980; 303:1259–63.)
Time, age, and the life cycle
Authors: B L Neugarten
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

Psychologists are increasingly interested in the life cycle as the unit for study and in such questions as whether adult development, like child development, is to be perceived as a succession of stages. A stage theory of adult life seems oversimplified for several reasons. First, the timing of life events is becoming less regular, age is losing its customary social meanings, and the trends are toward the fluid life cycle and an age-irrelevant society. Second, the psychological themes and preoccupations reported by young, middle-aged, and older persons are recurrent ones that appear and reappear in new forms and do not follow in a single fixed order. Third, intrapsychic changes occur slowly with age and not in stepwise fashion. These factors may have implications for the psychiatrist who, in helping the patient make a meaningful life story from a life history, deals always with issues of time, timing, and aging.