tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P3-11-10: Risk Factors for Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer: A Report from the Nigerian Breast Cancer Study
Authors: D Huo, N Hou, T Ogundiran, OI. Olopade
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: It is known that pregnancy has a dual effect on breast cancer risk, with increased risk of breast cancer in short term and decreased risk in the long run. Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC), occurring during pregnancy and several years postpartum, has poor prognosis and is challenging in clinical management. However, risk factors for PABC, except for pregnancy per se, are less understood. Other reproductive factors including age at menarche and age at first live birth may play important roles in the development of PABC. Methods: The study is based on the Nigerian Breast Cancer Study, a case-control study of breast cancer conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria, between 1998 and 2009. In-person interviews were conducted using structured questionnaires to collect detailed epidemiologic data. Pre-menopausal women who were 50 years old or younger were eligible to this analysis. The breast cancer cases were divided in two groups: PABC (diagnosed during pregnancy or within 5 years postpartum) and non-PABC. Polytomous logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), contrasting each group of cases versus controls. Age in 3-year category, ethnicity, education, family history of breast cancer, history of benign breast disease, hormonal contraceptive use, alcohol drinking, height, and body mass index were adjusted in the multivariate models. Results: In total, 1440 women were eligible to this study, including 311 PABC cases, 357 non-PABC cases, and 772 healthy controls. In the multivariate analysis adjusting aforementioned potential confounders, age at menarche was inversely associated with non-PABC (p=0.002, Table 1) but only trend towards significance for PABC (p=0.12). Age at first live birth was associated with lower risk of non-PABC but was associated with elevated risk of PABC. Table 1. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for PABC and non-PABC Conclusions: We found menarche at older age may be protective against all premenopausal breast cancer, but age at first live birth has different role in the development of pregnancy-associated breast cancer and other premenopausal breast cancer in Nigerian women. The findings suggest that the trend towards delayed child-bearing may increase in the occurrence of breast cancer complicated by pregnancy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-11-10.
Comment on Article by Öksüzoglu et al.
Authors: A. El-Nujumi, K. E. L. McColl
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

See also: Endoscopy-Assisted Placement of a Crosby Capsule by a New Method: Results of a Preliminary StudyEndoscopy 1997; 29(02): 139-140DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1004098
The Food and Drug Administration's Regulation of Tobacco Products
Authors: David A. Kessler, Ann M. Witt, Philip S. Barnett, Mitchell R. Zeller, Sharon L. Natanblut, Judith P. Wilkenfeld, Catherine C. Lorraine, Larry J. Thompson, William B. Schultz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

On August 23, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a regulation restricting the sale and distribution of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco to children and adolescents.1 This regulation, known as a rule, is the most far-reaching measure ever instituted to reduce the use of tobacco by young people. This article describes the investigation that led the FDA to assert its jurisdiction over cigarettes and smokeless tobacco and the policy considerations that shaped the final rule. The FDA announced on February 25, 1994, that it was considering regulating tobacco products under the authority of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. . . .
MYOCARDIAL GADOLINIUM KINETICS EVALUATION AT MRI FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF CARDIAC AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: Michele Emdin, Giovanni D. Aquaro, Nicola R. Pugliese, Annamaria Del Franco, Giancarlo Todiere, Federico Perfetto, Andrea Barison, Massimo Lombardi, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
P304 Complications Related To Tracheostomy Tube Change: Evaluation Of Practice
Authors: B. Kathiresan, T. Quinnell, K. Slack
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> Tracheostomy tubes are used outside intensive care unit in a variety of settings. Tracheostomy tube change is a potentially high risk procedure with life threatening complications attached to it. The Respiratory Sleep and Support Centre (RSSC) at Papworth Hospital specialises in weaning patients from prolonged invasive ventilation and providing domiciliary invasive and non-invasive ventilatory support. Tracheostomy tube change is regularly undertaken for both patient groups. Review of our current clinical practice and complications related to this procedure was needed due to the risks involved. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a prospective observational study of tracheostomy tube changes for patients admitted from home and those weaning from invasive ventilation in our unit. Data were collected from February to May 2014. <h3>Results</h3> Eighteen patients receiving domiciliary tracheostomy ventilation attended during the study period. Eight patients had silver tubes, 7 had plastic cuffed tubes with inner cannulae and 1 had a plastic uncuffed tube with inner cannula. Two weaning patients were included and underwent five tracheostomy changes between them. Data were obtained for 34 tube changes during the study period. Thirty were routine tube changes and 4 were expedited for reasons including stomal leak and partial dislodgement. Plastic tubes with inner cannulae were changed in accordance with the European Economic Community directive (1), with a mean of 28 days between tube changes. Sixteen (47%) were undertaken by consultant and 18 (53%) by trainee physician. There were no complications in 31 (91%) tube changes. Three had minor complications such as minor bleeding and one patient who receives 24 hr home tracheostomy ventilation needed bagging and suction to clear secretions. Bronchoscopy was performed in 30 (88%) following tube change to clear respiratory secretions, check tube position and sometimes in response to a difficult tube insertion. <h3>Conclusion</h3> No major complications occurred during the study period. This is probably because the procedure is undertaken by experienced personnel in a controlled environment. The threshold for post procedure bronchoscopy appears to be low and we are currently reviewing this aspect of our practice. <h3>Reference</h3> Intensive care society. Standards for the care of adult patients with temporary tracheostomy. 2008
Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate for Urgent Therapy of Severe Hyperkalemia
Authors: Mikhail Kosiborod, W Frank Peacock, David K Packham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

The authors of this letter report that in patients with severe hyperkalemia at baseline, treatment with a single dose of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate was associated a rapid and significant reduction in potassium as early as 1 hour after administration.
CLINICAL IMPACT OF INTRAPROCEDURAL ACTIVATED CLOTTING TIME DURING CATHETER ABLATION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: SYSTEMIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: David Felipe Briceno, Pedro Villablanca Spinetto, Jeannine Brevik, Carola Maraboto, Anand Jagannath, Faraj Kargoli, Florentino Lupercio, Alejandra Londono, Andrew Krumerman, Eugen Palma, Soo Gyum Kim, Andrea Natale, Luigi Di Biase
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Asthma management in primary care: caring, sharing and working together
Authors: Sinthia Z. Bosnic-Anticevich
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

While historically chronic illnesses have been "stewarded" by different practitioners in different countries [1] with the increasing number of people with chronic illnesses and the ever rising costs of healthcare, the primary care setting is viewed as the long-term custodian of chronic illness management [2–4]. For people with asthma, quality management in primary care is a real, viable and accessible solution to asthma care. This is reflected in guidelines [2, 5, 6], in research trends (as we see pragmatic research sourcing participants in primary care) [7, 8] and it is evidenced in a multitude of primary healthcare initiatives established to support primary care physicians to optimally manage asthma in the community. Why aren't primary care physicians and pharmacists collaborating more to manage and monitor asthma medication issues? <http://ow.ly/YB2p6>
Photothermal Therapy: pH‐Responsive Fe(III)–Gallic Acid Nanoparticles for In Vivo Photoacoustic‐Imaging‐Guided Photothermal Therapy (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 7/2016)
Authors: Jianfeng Zeng, Ming Cheng, Yong Wang, Ling Wen, Ling Chen, Zhen Li, Yongyou Wu, Mingyuan Gao, Zhifang Chai
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)
Abstract 5707: Effects of non-toxic agents and their combinations on genotoxicity-related endpoints, and mutagenesis induced by dimethylbenzanthracene-dihydrodiol in cultured rat mammary cells
Authors: Peter G. Sacks, Zhong-Lin Zhao, Wieslawa Kosinska, Zhiming He, Zeljka Vucetic, Alvin Ngai, Joseph B. Guttenplan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract As the annual breast cancer incidence in the US is about 200,000, prevention would be of enormous value. There are many leads from studies in isolated cell systems and experimental animals, but when individual putative protective agents have been tested in humans, results have been equivocal or negative. Levels generally present in foods, beverages or supplements may exert only weak protective effects, and combinations of potential chemopreventives may be necessary for effective cancer prevention. Here we investigated combinations of non-toxic nutraceutical agents dosed at or near physiological levels, for their abilities to modulate xenobiotic metabolism, and mutagenesis induced by the proximate rat mammary carcinogen, 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-dihydrodiol (DMBAD), in rat mammary epithelial cells. The agents and their 1x concentrations, were: resveratrol (Res), 2.4 μM; sulforaphane (Sul), 0.015 μM; antioxidant mix (α-, γ-tocopherol, 30 μM, Vitamin C, 68 μM (VCE); α-lipoic acid (LA), 2 μM; epigallocatechin gallate, (EGCG) 0.7 μM; and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), 12 μM). All of the single agents were non-toxic at the 1x doses and had no statistically significant effect on cell proliferation. All combinations of the binary agents were non-toxic and several modestly inhibited cell proliferation: EGCG-NAC, 27% inhibition, EGCG-Res, 21% inhibition, EGCG-VCE, 26% inhibition. For protection against oxidative stress, inhibition of the oxidation of dihydrodichlorofluorescinediacetate (DHDCF) was monitored, and NAC and NAC+Res or EGCG produced small (10-20%) inhibition. The effects of the inhibitors on selected phase I and II gene expression were also examined. EGCG, Sul, VCE and Res alone induced NQO1, (often used as a marker of phase II, detoxification activity) expression and did not induce CYP1A1 or 1B1. In mutagenesis experiments most of the individual agents did not result in statistically significant inhibition of mutagenesis, but some led to minor inhibition (ca. 20%). We also tested several binary combinations of agents, and some of these led to significant inhibition of mutagenesis. The combinations, NAC + Sul, NAC + Res, and NAC + LA inhibited mutagenesis by 25 - 50% at or near physiologic levels. In conclusion, several non-toxic agents favorably affected expression of genes involved in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced carcinogenesis, and several combinations of these agents inhibited cell proliferation, and mutagenesis in cultured rat mammary cells by DMBAD. Supported by the Susan Komen Foundation grant # KG080836. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5707.
Case 3-2007
Authors: Debra Boyer, Sjirk J. Westra, T. Bernard Kinane, James R. Stone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 3-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital because of recurrent episodes of respiratory insufficiency. Episodes of wheezing developed at 9 months of age; between 2 and 3 years of age, three episodes of tachypnea and hypoxemia occurred that required admission to the intensive care unit, with intubation and assisted ventilation on two occasions. The episodes were associated with anemia and pulmonary infiltrates. A diagnostic procedure was performed.
Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Secretion in Patients with Parathyroid Disorders
Authors: Keigo Yasuda, Yotaro Hurukawa, Makio Okuyama, Masakuni Kikuchi, Kaoru Yoshinaga
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

To evaluate the role of serum calcium in human insulin secretion, insulin responses after a 100-g oral glucose load were studied in nine patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, five with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, three with pseudohypoparathyroidism and one with normocalcemic secondary hyperparathyroidism. Glucose tolerance values in these disorders were almost normal. Insulin responses in primary hyperparathyroidism were increased, and those in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism were reduced significantly as compared to normal subjects. Isulin response in secondary hyperparathyroidism was normal. The calculated insulin area during an oral glucose load was significantly correlated with serum calcium (5.1 to 12.2 mg per deciliter), and a linear relation was obtained (y = 1.59x - 3.3, r = 0.81, p less than 0.001), although a relation with the glucose area was not found. These observations indicate that serum calcium has an important effect on insulin secretion in parathyroid disorders.
SP0142 Cell Migration in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: M. Connolly
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3></h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive autoimmune disease. An early event in inflammation is angiogenesis where new blood vessels invade synovial tissue facilitating a self-perpetuating infiltration of immune cells. This results in lining layer hyperplasia and the destruction of adjacent articular cartilage. Cell migration and altered vascular morphology are fundamental processes in RA synovial tissue infiltration and invasion. Leukocyte extravasation occurs through a multistep process, involving first the selectins, then chemoattractant receptor signaling, followed by firm adhesion to vessel walls through the actions of integrins. When activated immune cells migrate, they become polarised forming membrane protrusions at the leading edge. This process depends on integrin–focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signalling pathways and is accompanied by the recruitment of cytoskeletal proteins which regulate cytoskeletal assembly/disassembly. Engagement of integrin receptors results in the downstream activation of ρ-family GTPase proteins, Rac-1, RhoA and Cdc42, involved in actin/stress fibre maintenance and turnover, stimulating cell contraction, which allows cell body movement to form filopodia, lamellipodia and membrane ruffling. In addition to immune cells, activated RA synovial fibroblasts, present in large numbers in rheumatoid synovium, play a critical role in the destructive process of RA. RASFs mediate disease progression by attaching to, invading into and degrading adjacent cartilage and bone by producing matrix-degrading enzymes after upregulating adhesion molecules. Current ongoing clinical trials will provide considerable new insight into cell migration as a therapeutic target in inflammatory arthritis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract 3999: Experimental study of tumor suppressor gene RBM5 in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ke Wang, Chen Shao, Lijing Zhao
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Deletion within the lung cancer tumour suppressor region at 3p21.3 constitutes the earliest premalignant chromosomal aberration in human lung cancers. Nineteen genes map to this region. RNA Binding Motif 5(RBM5) maps to one end of this 19-gene deletion breakpoint, and is not included in a slightly smaller 17-gene deletion that is common to breast and renal tumours. This suggests a critical role of RBM5 in lung cancers. To further explore the role of RBM5 in lung cancer, we examine the RBM5 expression in primary tissues and the associated function in vitro. Method: Paired non-tumor and tumor samples were obtained from 30 adenocarcinomas. The mRNA and protein expression of RBM5 were examined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. A549 cell line was used to determine the apoptotic function of RBM5 in vitro. A549 cells were transient transfected with RBM5, the AnnexinV, PAPP and cell cycle analysis were performed by flow cytometry and Western blot respectively. Results: We found that RBM5 mRNA and protein expression levels were reduced in tumor tissue compared the non-tumor tissue (P&amp;lt;0.05). Overexpression of RBM5 in A549 cells resulted in an increase of PAPP expression, phosphatidyl serine (PS) flip to the outer cellular membrane and G arrest in cell cycle. Conclusion: Decreased expression of RBM5 in adenocarcinomas suggests that RBM5 may play a crutial role in the carcinogenesis. Enhanced apoptotic activity induced by RBM5 overexpression in A549 cell line might be one of the essential mechanisms by which RBM5 function as a tumour suppressor. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3999. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3999
Abstract 4066: Combination metformin and ODC siRNA inhibit human melanoma proliferation and migration
Authors: Eddy C. Hsueh, Yanping Zhang, Guangyong Peng
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Metformin can exert an antiproliferative effect on human tumor cells through the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) pathway. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is a key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis pathway in cancer cell proliferation and tumor progression. We hypothesized that the combination of Metformin and small interfering RNA (siRNA) against ODC could inhibit human melanoma cell growth and migration in vitro. Human melanoma cell line cells (SK-MEL23, MEL1861, MEL938, MEL3910, and MEL888) were evaluated. ODC siRNA and contol siRNA were transfected into the human melanoma cells using lipofectamine per manufacturer's instructions (Santa CruZ. CA). Transfected cell were then treated with 1uM, 2uM, 5uM Metformin and assess for cell proliferation and migration assay at various time points up to 72 hours. Cell proliferation assay was performed in triplicates using Cell Titer Blue Assay system according to manufacturer's protocol (Promega). Migration was assessed by creating an artificial homogenous wound onto a cell culture monolayer with a sterile plastic 10µl micropipette tip. Migration of cells into the wound was observed and photographed up to 48 hours. A total of three areas were selected randomly from each well and the cells in three wells of each group were quantified. All Data were presented as means ± SD for the three separate experiments. For comparison between groups, the student's t test was used and p&amp;lt; 0.05 was considered to be statically significant. Human melanoma cells were infected with ODC siRNA or control siRNA. On quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, &amp;gt;95% suppression of ODC expression was achieved. The siRNA-ODC significantly inhibited cells growth up to 50% at 72 hour (P&amp;lt;0.01). Inhibition of melanoma cell proliferation was also observed with Metformin in a dose-dependent fashion in all 5 melanoma cell line cells. Combination of ODC siRNA and Metformin significantly inhibited cell growth compared to ODC siRNA or MF alone (P&amp;lt;0.01) in all 5 melanoma cell line cells. The addition of Metformin to siRNA-ODC also significantly inhibited melanoma migration in the wounding assay model. Metformin treatment and inhibition of ODC expression can have anti-proliferative effect on human melanoma cells. The combination also retard melanoma cell migration in a wounding model. The combination of Metformin and ODC inhibition may be a novel treatment strategy for human melanoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4066. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4066
Abstract 4081: Antisense against U6 induces cytotoxicity in cancer cells
Authors: Xiaoqin Lin, Larn Hwang, Neil Desai, Vuong Trieu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The U6 snRNA is one of the most conformationally dynamic RNAs in the spliceosome. In preparation for spliceosome assembly, the U6 3′ intramolecular stem-loop unwinds and the exposed sequences pair with U4 RNA to form the U4/U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex. After assembly of the spliceosome on an intron, spliceosome activation occurs, during which U4 RNA is unwound from U6 RNA. U6 then base-pairs with U2 RNA to form the catalytically active form of the spliceosome. Upon activation of the spliceosome the “U6-ISL” structure forms to position important nucleotides of the U6 snRNA at the 5′splice site so they can base-pair with the pre-mRNA at the 5′ prime splice site. Here we report the cytotoxic activity against cancer cells treated with antisense DNAs against U6, especially those targeting U6-ISL. Methods: The functional activity of U6 antisense oligos was tested by cytotoxic and apoptosis assays. In the cytotoxic assay, U6 antisense oligos were reverse transfected into various mammalian cell lines, and the cytotoxic activity was measured by cell-titer blue 72 hr post-transfection. In the apoptosis assay, U6 antisense oligos are reverse transfected into various mammalian cell lines, and the apoptosis was measured by the release of caspase 3/7 72 hr post-transfection. To evaluate the knockdown ability of antisense oligos, the expression level of U6 snRNA was measured by Taqman Gene Expression Assay. The localization of U6 antisense oligos in tissue assay was studied by ISH. The effects of U6 antisense oligos on cellular protein and mRNA profile were also examined using microarray technology. Results: About 100 U6 antisense oligos were synthesized. Several U6 antisense oligos were identified to significantly induce cytotoxic activity of HT29 and other cancer cell lines but not in normal cells, such as hepatocytes. No significant apoptosis activity was induced by any U6 antisense oligos. The identified U6 antisense oligos localized at the nucleus and knocked down the U6 snRNA in vitro, suggesting that U6 antisense oligos target to U6 snRNA and lead to the downregulation of U6 snRNA. mRNA microarray and antibody array showed that U6 oligos regulate various mRNA and protein expression in cancer cells. The most effective U6 antisense oligos were those targeting the U6-ISL. Conclusions: Antisense against U6, especially those targeting U6-ISL region, were effective in U6 knockdown and cytoxicity against cancer cells in vitro. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4081.