tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THU0472 Six Weeks of Knee Joint Distraction: Sufficient for Cartilage Tissue Repair
Authors: J.-T. van der Woude, R.J. van Heerwaarden, K. Wiegant, P.M. van Roermund, D.B. Saris, S.C. Mastbergen, F.P. Lafeber
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> In osteoarthritis knee joint distraction (KJD) provides clinical benefit and tissue structure modification at 1 year and beyond. During the previous regime of an 8-week distraction period patients visited every 2 weeks day care practice for temporarily removal of the distraction frame. 8 weeks of intermittent KJD with frequent hospital visits is perceived as a considerable burden. This study evaluates whether 6 weeks of continuous KJD gives similar tissue structure repair and clinical benefit compared to eight weeks of KJD at 1-year follow-up. <h3>Methods</h3> Both groups consisted of 20 patients with knee OA and were treated with 5 mm joint distraction by use of an external fixator for 8 weeks with every 2 weeks CPM or 6 weeks continuously. WOMAC questionnaires were assessed, representing the clinical outcome. Structural outcome was quantified as mean joint space width (JSW) on standardized semi-flexed x-rays at baseline and one-year of follow-up using KIDA. T-tests were applied to analyze change over time. <h3>Results</h3> Clinical improvement compared to baseline (BL) was observed in both groups. The 6-week group showed a comparable increase from 53±17 points at BL to 76±17 points at one-year follow up (p&lt;0.001) as the 8-week group (from 45±16 points at BL to 77±21 points at the 1-year follow-up; p&lt;0.001). The structural parameters revealed parallel improvements between both groups. The mean JSW of the most affected compartment of the six-week group increased from 1.80±1.61mm to 2.86±1.59mm at 1 year (p=0.001) vs. 2.63±1.62mm to 3.55±0.99mm at 1 year (p=0.006) for the 8-week group. No significant statistical difference between the two groups (p=0.729) was observed. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Six weeks of continuous KJD gives significant clinical and structural improvement. Moreover, 6-weeks of continuous distraction treatment does not lead to a stiffer knee in comparison with the "intermittent" 8-week treatment. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> ZonMw (The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development) and the Dutch Arthritis Association support this study. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
FRI0332 Normalization of Serum Uric Acid Levels After Allogeneic Hematologic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: S.H. Joo, Y.W. Song, S.-S. Yoon, J.K. Park
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Cell turnover in the hematopoietic system constitutes a major site of purine salvage and metabolism. Pathologically accelerated cell turnover with hematologic malignancies increases the delivery of purines to the liver, and hepatic xanthine oxidase metabolizes them into uric acid (UA), resulting in increased serum UA levels. The long-term effects of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) on serum UA levels have not been characterized. <h3>Objectives</h3> To define whether restoration of bone marrow function after HSCT is associated with normalization of serum UA levels <h3>Methods</h3> In this retrospective study, serum UA levels of 93 patients who underwent HSCT at our institution between 2001 and 2012 were analyzed. All patients received allopurinol 300 mg daily for 7 days as a prophylaxis of tumor-lysis syndrome during myeloablative conditioning. Serum UA levels were analyzed at days 90±14 and 8 before HSCT, on the day of transplantation, and at days 90±14 and 365±14 after HSCT. <h3>Results</h3> At baseline, the mean UA level was 4.9±2.1 mg/dL; the prevalence of hyperuricemia was 18% (defined as serum UA &gt;6.8 mg/dL). UA levels dropped significantly with myeloablative conditioning and concomitant allopurinol, reaching a nadir on the day of HSCT. In the 3 months following transplantation, UA levels rose sharply and remained stable up to 1 year after HSCT (Figure 1A). Patients were grouped into quartiles according to their baseline UA levels and changes of each quartile were monitored over time. UA levels in the different quartiles seemed to converge with time (Figure 1B). In addition, recipient UA levels at 12 months after HSCT correlated with those of their respective graft donors (Pearson r =0.317, p=0.011). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Restoration of normal hematopoietic function after HSCT is associated with long-term normalization of uric acid levels. <h3>References</h3> Cannell PK, Herrmann RP. Urate metabolism during bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1992;10(4):337-9. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
PTH-029 Should patients with rectal bleeding having a flexible sigmoidoscopy come fully prepared for a colonoscopy?: Abstract PTH-029 Table 1
Authors: S Subramaniam, K Besherdas
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The vast majority of patients referred for investigation of rectal bleeding have benign anal disease or proctitis. Flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) has been widely used for the investigation of patients with rectal bleeding with same day single phospho-soda enema preparation prior to the examination. However, conversion to full colonoscopy is warranted if adenomatous polyps or colon cancer is detected to exclude synchronous lesions. We hypothesise that as the patients age at presentation of rectal bleeding increases, the prevalence of adenomatous polyps and colon cancer increases and thereby the requirement for evaluation of the entire colon. If this is established then we should recommend that patients undergoing FS for rectal bleeding should be scoped with full bowel preparation and converted to a colonoscopy if polyp or cancer is detected at the time of FS. The aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic yield of FS in detecting colon cancer/polyp in patients of different ages presenting with rectal bleeding. <h3>Method</h3> A single centre, retrospective analysis of patients with rectal bleeding investigated with FS in a district general hospital from north London was performed. The patients were identified using the Unisoft Endoscopy reporting software over a period from June 2006 to March 2014. Data obtained during the study period was scrutinised for diagnosis and whether further full colonic imaging was indicated as judged by diagnosis of colon cancer or adenomatous polyp. <h3>Results</h3> 1406 FS were performed in the study period. The table below demonstrates the findings at FS in patients with rectal bleeding according to age category. 25% of patients over 45 years of age have a cancer or polyp diagnosed that requires further full colonic imaging. <h3>Conclusion</h3> 25% of patients over 45 years of age undergoing FS for rectal bleeding have a colon cancer or polyp diagnosed that require further colonic imaging. Preparing all patients for a full colonoscopy at the time of attendance for FS and conversion to colonoscopy if a polyp or cancer is detected would save reattendance in 25% of patients over the age of 45 for rectal bleeding. The prevalence of polyps and cancer however is low in patients under 45 years of age and these patients could continue to have FS with enema preparation just prior to the procedure. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Current and Emerging Therapies for Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Samir V. Parikh, Brad H. Rovin
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2016)

The introduction of corticosteroids and later, cyclophosphamide dramatically improved survival in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis, and combined administration of these agents became the standard-of-care treatment for this disease. However, treatment failures were still common and the rate of progression to ESRD remained unacceptably high. Additionally, treatment was associated with significant morbidity. Therefore, as patient survival improved, the goals for advancing lupus nephritis treatment shifted to identifying therapies that could improve long-term renal outcomes and minimize treatment-related toxicity. Unfortunately, progress has been slow and the current approaches to the management of lupus nephritis continue to rely on high-dose corticosteroids plus a broad-spectrum immunosuppressive agent. Over the past decade, an improved understanding of lupus nephritis pathogenesis fueled several clinical trials of novel drugs, but none have been found to be superior to the combination of a cytotoxic agent and corticosteroids. Despite these trial failures, efforts to translate mechanistic advances into new treatment approaches continue. In this review, we discuss current therapeutic strategies for lupus nephritis, briefly review recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease, and describe emerging approaches developed on the basis of these advances that promise to improve upon the standard-of-care lupus nephritis treatments.
History of the Medical Society of the District of Columbia, 1817-1909.
Authors: T Wiprud
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry in Follicular T Cells Controls Humoral Immune Responses and Autoimmunity
Authors: Martin Vaeth, Miriam Eckstein, Patrick J. Shaw, Lina Kozhaya, Jun Yang, Friederike Berberich-Siebelt, Robert Clancy, Derya Unutmaz, Stefan Feske
Journal: Immunity (2016)

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells promote affinity maturation of B cells in germinal centers (GCs), whereas T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells limit the GC reaction. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels mediated by STIM and ORAI proteins is a fundamental signaling pathway in T lymphocytes. Conditional deletion of Stim1 and Stim2 genes in T cells abolished SOCE and strongly reduced antibody-mediated immune responses following viral infection caused by impaired differentiation and function of Tfh cells. Conversely, aging Stim1Stim2-deficient mice developed humoral autoimmunity with spontaneous autoantibody production due to abolished Tfr cell differentiation in the presence of residual Tfh cells. Mechanistically, SOCE controlled Tfr and Tfh cell differentiation through NFAT-mediated IRF4, BATF, and Bcl-6 transcription-factor expression. SOCE had a dual role in controlling the GC reaction by regulating both Tfh and Tfr cell differentiation, thus enabling protective B cell responses and preventing humoral autoimmunity.
Effect of acute angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on left ventricular diastolic filling in patients with congestive heart failure: Relation to right ventricular volume
Authors: M A Konstam, M W Kronenberg, J E Udelson, J Metherall, N Dolan, T R Edens, D M Howe, S Yusuf, M Youngblood, H Toltsis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
STEM-10L-myc EXPRESSION PROMOTES HUMAN NEURAL STEM CELL MULTIPOTENCY
Authors: Karen Aboody, Zhongqi Li, Diana Oganesyan, Rachael Mooney, Matthew Christensen, David Shahmanyan, Massimo D'Apuzzo, Soraya Aramburo, YAng Lu, Patrick Perrigue, Joseph Najbauer, Xiwei Wu, Margarita Gutova
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Several preclinical studies indicate that neural stem cells can limit or reverse CNS damage by cell replacement, regeneration or delivery of various factors and therapeutic agents to sites of degeneration or tumor. Allogeneic NSC lines have several advantages over autologous ones, including off the shelf usage, greater availability to patients, and cost effectiveness. Genetic modification of NSCs for immortalization and retention of stem cell properties with c-myc or v-myc gene has been shown to be clinically useful in trials for stroke (ReNeuron), and brain tumors (Aboody et al). Here, we propose to express L-myc variants in human fetal brain derived NSCs, to extend NSC lifespan and stem cell characteristics. We have isolated and grown NSCs from freshly dispersed 10 week old human fetal brain tissue and propagated in culture. We then transduced these cells with retroviral vectors containing the L-myc gene. NSCs stably expressing L-myc gene (hNSC.Lmyc) were isolated for further characterization. hNSC.Lmyc cells propagated through passage 15, demonstrating a normal karyotype, expression of stem cell markers (Sox-2, A2B5 and nestin) and low expression of differentiation markers (Olig 2 and vimentin) in vitro. We have also demonstrated that hNSC.Lmyc cells retain their tumor-specific migratory abilities in vitro and in vivo for longer periods of time as compared to untransduced primary NSC pools. We further characterized these hNSC.Lmyc cells for gene expression profiling and genome wide DNA sequencing analysis. Somatic mutation analysis comparing early and late passages of hNSC.Lmyc cells showed no change in the genomic sequences. hNSC.Lmyc cells were able to self renew and differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in vitro. In this study we generated and characterized hNSC.Lmyc line that has potential therapeutic use in numerous central nervous system (CNS) diseases.
Utility of Dynamic Perfusion PET Using 13N-Ammonia in Diagnosis of Asymptomatic Recurrence of Fibrosarcoma
Authors: Chidambaram Natrajan Balasubramanian Harisankar, Bhagwant Rai Mittal, Ankit Watts, Anish Bhattacharya, Ramesh Sen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Fibrosarcoma is a rare tumor involving the musculoskeletal system. Anatomic imaging modalities like CT and MRI are useful in characterization and staging of the tumor. FDG PET has variable sensitivity in evaluation of these tumors. Alternative tracers like FLT have been tried. It is a well-known fact that sarcomas are highly vascular. We report the utility of dynamic perfusion PET imaging using N13-ammonia in diagnosing a case of asymptomatic recurrence of fibrosarcoma in a 45-year-old patient. Despite very faint FDG avidity, ammonia perfusion imaging showed hypervascularity and allowed identification of the asymptomatic early recurrence.
Quality and Safety in Health Care, Part IV
Authors: Jay A. Harolds
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

The 1999 Institute of Medicine report Ensuring Quality Cancer Care discussed the difference between the actual cancer care received in the United States and the care that the patients should get, as well as some points to consider in delivering optimum care. In 2012, a follow-up review article in the journal Cancer entitled “Ensuring quality cancer care” indicated that there had been some interval progress, but more are needed to be done. The 2013 Institute of Medicine report Delivering High-Quality Cancer Care: Charting a New Course for a System in Crisis indicated that there are continuing major problems with cancer care and that they advocated a national system of quality reporting and a major information technology system to capture and help assess the data.
The Renin-Angiotensin System.
Authors: T Inagami
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Unravelling of the molecular mechanisms of the action of RAS has been slow. Nature has been rather stingy in revealing bits and pieces of information. Each step of development has depended on the innovation of an appropriate methodology. The uniqueness of the RAS lies in: The function and regulation of the highly specific enzyme renin which specifically catalyses the conversion of the prohormone angiotensinogen to Ang I by an extracellular mechanism. The production of the agonist Ang II takes place in two steps. Ang II and its metabolites exert exceedingly diverse pathophysiological effects, presumably through the complex and multifunctional receptors. The exquisite mechanisms involved in the regulation of renin release and receptor regulation are fascinating. The intricate mechanisms that nature has devised for the checks and balances to maintain steady blood flow and electrolyte balance present a great challenge to biochemists in their attempts to clarify the mechanisms involved at both molecular and cellular levels. In relation to the pathophysiology of hypertension, particularly essential hypertension, there is no question that the RAS plays a pivotal role. Although numerous mechanisms could explain its hypertensinogenic effects, no single mechanism can be identified as the major determinant at the present stage of our knowledge. However, there is an important consensus that the effect of Ang II is manifested slowly at even subpressor doses of Ang II through long-term effects involving remodelling of the cardiovascular and renal system.
The role of the press and the medical community in the epidemic of "mysterious gas poisoning" in the Jordan West Bank
Authors: A Hefez
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

In March and April 1983, an epidemic of "mysterious gas poisoning" occurred in the Jordan West Bank region, affecting more than 900 persons, predominantly schoolgirls. That both Arabs and Israelis believed there was an etiologic poisonous substance reflected their longstanding conflict. Israeli newspaper reports, opinions by Arab and Israeli physicians, and the emotional climate in Djenin Hospital contributed to the generation and propagation of this belief. The author discusses the specific difficulties he met in investigating the outbreak.
Adjuvant Therapy for Colon Cancer
Authors: Axel Grothey, Daniel J. Sargent
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Characteristics of women with and without breast implants
Authors: M. W. Stewart
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We appreciate the interest of Drs Stewart and Elliott in our recently published article comparing characteristics of women with and without breast augmentation. It is true that our study included a relatively small number of women with breast augmentation (n=80), but they were randomly identified from the general population in 3 defined geographic areas stratified by 5-year age groups. While the age distribution of the sample is different from that of the general population, women in each 5-year age group are representative of all women of similar age in the defined geographic areas. These women were not identified on the basis of the presence of any disease or the utilization of any health care facility. We agree that confounding can never be entirely ruled out as an explanation for associations that are observed in epidemiologic studies such as ours. For example, the positive association we observed between oral contraceptive use
P0714 : Impact of prioritizing treatment in a high resource setting - minimizing the burden of HCV related disease in 15 years
Authors: A.L.H. Øvrehus, S. Blach, P.B. Christensen, J. Gerstoft, N. Weis, H. Krarup, M.R. Clausen, H. Razavi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Studies on the movement of water through the isolated toad bladder and its modification by vasopressin. 1962.
Authors: R M Hays, A Leaf
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 8(6):p 1005-1015, June 1997. | DOI: 10.1681/ASN.V861005
Modulation of Mammalian <i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-Alkylguanine-DNA Alkyltransferase in vivo by <i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-Benzylguanine and its Effect on the Sensitivity of a Human Glioma Tumor to l-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-l-nitrosourea
Authors: M E Dolan, L Stine, R B Mitchell, R C Moschel, A E Pegg
Journal: Cancer Communications (1990)

Experiments were carried out in mice and hamsters to determine whether the activity of the DNA repair protein, O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase, in tissues and tumors was reduced by treatment with O6-benzylguanine in vivo. Following intraperitoneal injection of O6-benzylguanine, there was a rapid and complete loss of alkyltransferase activity in both livers and kidneys of mice and hamsters. The activity in mouse tissues was slowly restored, reaching pretreatment activities at 16 hr and 72 hr after injection of O6-benzylguanine at 10 mg/kg or 126 mg/kg, respectively. The activity in hamster liver was restored at a significantly lower rate, reaching less than 20% pretreatment activity 72 hr after treatment with 100 mg/kg of O6-benzylguanine. The efficient reduction of alkyltransferase activity by O6-benzylguanine was in sharp contrast to the inability of O6-methylguanine to bring about similar reductions. Activities dropped to about 55% of pretreatment activities in several mouse organs 4 hr after treatment with 126 mg/kg of O6-methylguanine compared to a more than 90% reduction in activity in animals after treatment with O6-benzylguanine. The sensitivity of SF767 cells to meCCNU after treatment with O6-benzylguanine was increased substantially. Furthermore, treatment of nude mice carrying SF767 tumor with 60 mg/kg of O6-benzylguanine prior to either 7.5 or 15 mg/kg of meCCNU led to significant inhibition of tumor growth. These studies indicate that O6-benzylguanine is a suitable compound for use in experiments to examine the role of the alkyltransferase protein in vivo in counteracting the effects of alkylating agents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Thrombin Generation Inhibition by Newer Anti Xa and Anti IIa Drugs in Prothrombin Complex Concentrates: Relevance to Endogenous Modulation of Thrombogenesis
Authors: Angel Gray, Evangelos Litinas, Debra Hoppensteadt, Josephine Cunanan, Bruce E Lewis, Omer Iqbal, Jawed Fareed
Journal: Blood (2011)