tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EPID-22RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CELL PHONE USAGE AND INCIDENCE OF BRAIN TUMORS, A META ANALYSIS
Authors: Sumul Raval, Lauren Chung, Laya Manoj, Ruchi Raval
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

EPID-22. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CELL PHONE USAGE AND INCIDENCE OF BRAIN TUMORS, A META ANALYSIS Sumul Raval1,2, Lauren Chung1, Laya Manoj1, and Ruchi Raval1; Garden StateNeurologyN David S. Zocchi Brain Tumor Center at MMC, Long Branch, NJ, USA Throughout the past decades, there has been growing concern about society’s increasing dependence on technology, especially regarding cell phone usage and brain tumors. Despite the numerous case studies and meta-analyses published, the contradicting conclusions on the topic have led to insufficient scientific data to support or refute this claim. Since cell phones are so widespread, even a small increase in risk of brain tumors could have large adverse effects on public health. This meta-analysis will examine these studies to determine a possible conclusion. All studies were obtained from PubMed, published from 2001 to 2013, included unadjusted odds ratios, and investigated the relationship between subjects’ incidences of brain tumors and their cell phone usage. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each brain tumor subtype, laterality of tumor location, and each individual study. A pooled OR was found using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software. After careful consideration, 19 case studies were chosen to be in this meta-analysis. In total, this included 84,226 patients, 61,845 controls, and 15 countries. The calculated ORs for brain tumors were as follows: Ipsilateral: 1.022 (0.910-1.149), Contralateral: 0.875 (0.759-1.01), No applicable side (eg. central tumor): 0.728 (0.407-1.302), Low-grade glioma: 1.133 (0.96-1.401), High-grade glioma: 0.804 (0.668-0.966), Other/mixed glioma: 0.907 (0.837-0.983), Meningioma: 0.816 (0.772-0.863), Acoustic neuroma: 0.963 (0.857-1.082), All tumors: 1.309 (1.100-1.559). Ultimately, the pooled OR was found to be 0.963 (0.904 1.027). This meta-analysis confirms no relationship between use of handheld cellular telephones and increased risk of brain tumor occurrence. However, the effects of persisting exposure on subjects’ health warrants further evaluation in prospective long-term epidemiological studies. Neuro-Oncology 17:v78–v85, 2015. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nov213.22 Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology 2015.
Quality assessment and improvement in group psychotherapy
Authors: J D Hamilton, T J Courville, B Richman, P Hanson, C Swanson, J Stafford
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

The authors sought a practical means of monitoring and evaluating group psychotherapy, using existing clinical resources, for purposes of quality improvement and education on a large general hospital psychiatric service.Monitoring indicators were developed which addressed 1) the integration of group psychotherapy into treatment planning and 2) the competence and technique of group psychotherapists. The second indicator was assessed by skilled observers using a newly constructed Group Psychotherapy Rating Scale in direct observation of group psychotherapy sessions. The rating scale was examined for interrater reliability and, as a measure of construct validity, for its ability to distinguish the performance of professional staff therapists from that of trainees.The indicators provided useful monitors of the use and quality of group psychotherapy. The rating scale had satisfactory interrater reliability and construct validity. The immediate constructive educational critique given by the observers of the therapy groups was highly valued by group therapists.The monitoring and evaluation program proved to be a practical, positive, and inexpensive means of assuring and improving the quality of group psychotherapy in a clinical setting.
Day hospital/crisis respite care versus inpatient care, Part I: Clinical outcomes
Authors: W H Sledge, J Tebes, J Rakfeldt, L Davidson, L Lyons, B Druss
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The authors investigated the clinical feasibility and the outcome for patients of a program designed as an alternative to acute hospitalization.This was a random-design study comparing a conventional inpatient program for urban, poor, severely ill voluntary patients who usually require hospitalization to an alternative experimental program consisting of a day hospital linked to a crisis residence. Patients were assessed with standardized measures of symptoms, functioning, social adjustment, quality of life, and satisfaction with clinical services upon admission to the study, at discharge from the index admission, and at follow-ups 2, 5, and 10 months after discharge.One hundred ninety-seven patients were enrolled in the 2-year research program and followed for 10 months. Of the voluntary patients who would have been admitted to the hospital, 83% were appropriate for the experimental program. The clinical, functional, social adjustment, quality of life, and satisfaction outcome measures were not statistically different for the patients in the two treatment conditions; however, there was a slightly more positive effect of the experimental program on measures of symptoms, overall functioning, and social functioning.The experimental condition, a combined day hospital/crisis respite community residence, seems to have had the same treatment effectiveness as acute hospital care for urban, poor, acutely ill voluntary patients with severe mental illness.
Effects of methylphenidate on reading in children with attention deficit disorder
Authors: C T Ballinger, C K Varley, P A Nolen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

Effects of methylphenidate on measures related to reading were studied in a group of nine boys who had attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity; a double-blind crossover design using active drug and placebo was used. Administration of methylphenidate improved subjects' performance on language processing tests but not their performance on oral reading measures. The findings provide evidence in support of a two-factor theory of attention deficit disorder.
Depressive disorders in relatives of anorexia nervosa patients with and without a current episode of nonbipolar major depression
Authors: J Biederman, T Rivinus, K Kemper, D Hamilton, J MacFadyen, J Harmatz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

The first-degree relatives of anorexia nervosa patients with current nonbipolar major depression had a higher rate of depression than the relatives of anorexic patients without current depression, whose rate was similar to that for relatives of normal control subjects.
Preliminary implications for Europe of the 2011 influenza season in five temperate southern hemisphere countries
Authors: V Lopez Chavarrias, E Broberg, A Nicoll
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

The 2011 influenza season (May to October) in the southern hemisphere was dominated by the A(H1N1) viruses that emerged during the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic and influenza B viruses, although the proportion of these two varied between and within countries. Some influenza A(H3N2) viruses were also seen. We discuss here the preliminary implications for Europe of the 2011 influenza season in five temperate southern hemisphere countries.
Differences Between Patients (Pts) with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (Mrcc) Who Develop Brain Metastases (Bm) Versus Those Who Do Not
Authors: L. Derosa, G. Le Teuff, L. Albiges Sauvin, Y. Loriot, C. Massard, K. Fizazi, B. Escudier
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
P0067 : Hepatitis C virus infection is associated with lower survival following living donor liver transplantation in the U.S
Authors: R.B. Perumpail, A. Liu, R. Liang, D.T. Chao, S. Saab, Z.M. Younossi, R.J. Wong, A. Ahmed, W. Concepcion, C.O. Esquivel, C.A. Bonham
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
NCCN Evidence Blocks
Authors: Robert W. Carlson, Eric Jonasch
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2016)

NCCN has developed a series of Evidence Blocks: graphics that provide ratings for each recommended treatment regimen in terms of efficacy, toxicity, quality and consistency of the supporting data, and affordability. The NCCN Evidence Blocks are currently available in 10 tumor types within the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines). At a glance, patients and providers can understand how a given treatment was assessed by the NCCN Guidelines Panel and get a sense of how a given treatment may match individual needs and preferences. Robert W. Carlson, MD, CEO of NCCN, described the reasoning behind this new feature and how the tool is used, and Eric Jonasch, MD, Professor of Genitourinary Medical Oncology at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and Vice Chair of the NCCN Kidney Cancer Panel, described its applicability in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Induction and Suppression of &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-Nitrosomethylbenzylamine Activation by Microsomes From Rat Liver and Esophagus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Rekha Mehta, George E. Labuc, Michael C. Archer
 5
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with various chemicals to determine their effects on the microsomal activation of the esophageal carcinogen N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine [( NMBzA ) CAS: 937-40-6; N-methyl-N- nitrosobenzylamine ] in the rat esophagus and, for comparative purposes, in the rat liver. When rats were pretreated with NMBzA , little change in hepatic NMBzA - debenzylase activity was observed. In contrast, NMBzA metabolism in the esophagus was significantly (60-65%) reduced. Similarly, pretreatment of rats with disulfiram [CAS: 97-77-8; bis( diethylthiocarbamoyl )disulfide] caused a 40% decrease in esophageal metabolism, but it had no significant effect in the liver. Pretreatments with the methylenedioxybenzenes safrole [CAS: 94-59-7; 4-allyl-1,2-(methylenedioxy)benzene], isosafrole [CAS: 120-58-1; 1,2-(methylenedioxy)-4-propenylbenzene], and dihydrosafrole (CAS: 94-58-6; 1,2-(methylenedioxy)-4- propylbenzene ) caused a marked induction (twofold to fivefold) of the hepatic metabolism of NMBzA , but again esophageal metabolism was suppressed. The results indicate that esophageal metabolism of NMBzA is either unchanged or suppressed by the various chemical pretreatments, but hepatic metabolism of the nitrosamine is induced by the methylenedioxybenzenes .
Primary Tissue Culture Explants of Human Breast Cancer&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: William F. Feller, M.D., Ph.D., Sarah E. Stewart, Ph.D., M.D., Judith Kantor
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Primary monolayer cultures of epithelial cells from human breast cancer could be established with some degree of regularity in at least 50% of attempts with the use of biopsy specimens. Epithelial monolayers could occasionally be maintained up to 120 days. Serial cell lines were not developed from these primary cultures. Although a variety of cell dispersion methods are available, the use of collagenase to prepare an initial cell suspension from finely minced tissue appeared to be as good as any method. Commercially available media, such as RPMI 1640, McCoy's 5a, or NCTC 109 with 20% fetal calf serum, gave as good results as a more complex medium involving additives, such as insulin, hydrocortisone, estrogens, or extra glucose.
Thrombolytic Therapy in Patients with Submassive Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Andrew E Ajani, Ron Waksman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

to the editor: Konstantinides et al. (Oct. 10 issue) 1 evaluated the role of alteplase in patients with submassive pulmonary embolism. Their findings will be regarded by many as definitive evidence in support of the use of thrombolytic agents in such patients. However, a review of the study design, particularly the end points chosen, shows that the data do not support the authors’ conclusions. The only primary end point to show significant improvement was an escalation of treatment for clinical deterioration — nearly always meaning treatment with open-label alteplase, the drug used in the intervention group. The decision to escalate treatment was made by clinicians, who were permitted to break the randomization code first; thus, the primary end point in a given case could be determined by an unblinded provider. Escalation of treatment would have been unlikely in a patient with clinical deterioration who was in the alteplase group but would have been likely in a patient with similar deterioration who was in the placebo group. The study suggests that the number needed to treat was nine; in other words, nine patients would have to be given alteplase to avoid treatment escalation (i.e., use of open-label alteplase) in one patient. In view of the 1 percent risk of major hemorrhage with thrombolysis, 2 avoiding open-label use in one patient hardly justifies preemptive use of the drug in many more patients.
Implementation of an educational program to decrease the tidal volume size in a general intensive care unit: a pilot study
Authors: Corinne Taniguchi, Denise Carnieli-Cazati, Karina T. Timenetsky, Cilene Saghabi, Carolina Sant’Anna A. Azevedo, Nathalia G. Correa, Guilherme P. P. Schettino, Raquel A. C. Eid, Ary Serpa Neto
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2016)
Next-generation sequencing in malignant pleural mesothelioma: A retrospective study.
Authors: Giorgio V. Scagliotti, Marco Lo Iacono, Silvia Novello, Roberta Libener, Simona Vatrano, Luisella Righi, Mauro Papotti, Paolo Bironzo, Valentina Monica, Federica Grosso
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

7530 Background: The understanding of molecular pathogenesis of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has lagged behind other common malignancies. According to the COSMIC database the most frequently mutated genes in MPM include CDKN2A, NF2 and BAP1, followed by other 12 genes having been found mutated in a fraction of MPM cases (c-MET, VHL, WT1, etc). Methods: A consecutive series of 123 MPM tissue samples with clinical annotates, collected at two institutions (Orbassano n=93; Alessandria n=30), were retrospectively analyzed through Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) to explore genomic profiling.Genomic DNA was extracted by tumour microdissected, formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples. Amplicons NGS libraries for 50 oncogenes included in Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v.2 were generated as indicated, and sequenced in Personal Genome Machine Ion Torrent. Additional customized genomic analyses included all exons of BAP1 and NF2. Variant Caller included in Torrent Suite Software was utilised to identify mutations in the samples, annotation was performed with Annovar software. Results: All patients had advanced stage and were treated with pemetrexed-based chemotherapy, 70% were males, 50% current smokers, median age 66.5 (range 36-82) years and histological subtypes were 96/22/5 epithelioid/biphasic/sarcomatous. Synonymous/intronic variations represented 61.2% of all detected mutations. More frequently altered genes were APC, BAP1, CSF1R, FLT3, NF2, KDR, PIK3CA, TP53. Irrespective of allelic frequency, at least 1 variation in top genes was recorded in all patients, and at least 5 mutated genes were detected in 68 patients. KIT3 and PIK3CA mutations are associated with younger age while VHL1 and BAP1 with epithelioid histology. Moreover, BAP1 mutation is associated with negative nuclear protein expression at immunohistochemistry. Conclusions: These preliminary data indicate that NGS technology is feasible in FFPE MPM tissues and some of the detected genetic mutations are novel observations of potential prognostic and therapeutic interest.
Warfarin Therapy
Authors: Daniel Deykin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

WITH increasing frequency patients receiving warfarin are taking other medications that profoundly influence the response to the anticoagulant. In some cases the patients are rendered more sensitive to warfarin, whereas in others the combination of drugs decreases the effect of warfarin. The often confusing array of interactions of warfarin with other drugs can be more clearly appreciated if the varying steps in the metabolism of warfarin and of vitamin K are considered (Fig. 2). Drugs that bind vitamin K (phytate) or prevent its absorption by trapping the bile salts necessary for its absorption (cholestyramine) will markedly increase the sensitivity of . . .
Appendectomy
Authors: Janet M. Torpy, Alison E. Burke, Robert M. Golub
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Small intestine Laparoscopic instrumentsT he appendix is a small structure at the base of the colon that looks like a stalk or a worm.When the appendix becomes inflamed or infected (appendicitis), it needs to be removed with a surgical procedure called an appendectomy.Appendectomies are one of the most commonly performed operations, with approximately 1 in 2000 persons requiring an appendectomy during his or her lifetime.
Increased mitochondrial arginine metabolism supports bioenergetics in asthma
Authors: Weiling Xu, Sudakshina Ghosh, Suzy A.A. Comhair, Kewal Asosingh, Allison J. Janocha, Deloris A. Mavrakis, Carole D. Bennett, Lourdes L. Gruca, Brian B. Graham, Kimberly A. Queisser, Christina C. Kao, Samuel H. Wedes, John M. Petrich, Rubin M. Tuder, Satish C. Kalhan, Serpil C. Erzurum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

High levels of arginine metabolizing enzymes, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase (ARG), are typical in asthmatic airway epithelium; however, little is known about the metabolic effects of enhanced arginine flux in asthma. Here, we demonstrated that increased metabolism sustains arginine availability in asthmatic airway epithelium with consequences for bioenergetics and inflammation. Expression of iNOS, ARG2, arginine synthetic enzymes, and mitochondrial respiratory complexes III and IV was elevated in asthmatic lung samples compared with healthy controls. ARG2 overexpression in a human bronchial epithelial cell line accelerated oxidative bioenergetic pathways and suppressed hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and phosphorylation of the signal transducer for atopic Th2 inflammation STAT6 (pSTAT6), both of which are implicated in asthma etiology. Arg2-deficient mice had lower mitochondrial membrane potential and greater HIF-2α than WT animals. In an allergen-induced asthma model, mice lacking Arg2 had greater Th2 inflammation than WT mice, as indicated by higher levels of pSTAT6, IL-13, IL-17, eotaxin, and eosinophils and more mucus metaplasia. Bone marrow transplants from Arg2-deficient mice did not affect airway inflammation in recipient mice, supporting resident lung cells as the drivers of elevated Th2 inflammation. These data demonstrate that arginine flux preserves cellular respiration and suppresses pathological signaling events that promote inflammation in asthma.
Abstract 45: Detection of focal somatic copy number variants in whole genome, whole exome, and targeted next-generation sequencing data of tumor/normal pairs
Authors: Jessica Aldrich, Jonathan J. Keats, Winnie S. Liang, John D. Carpten, David W. Craig
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract We describe the development and validation of an analysis pipeline for detection of focal somatic copy number aberrations from next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. In the clinical setting, tumor samples may be derived from historical tissue or from recently collected fresh frozen biopsies. DNA extracted from samples preserved as formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue are often highly degraded. We describe challenges inherent to sequencing different tissue sources and algorithmic approaches for optimizing detection of focal alterations in these samples with a high degree of accuracy. The first area of optimization takes into account clonal or fragment coverage based on user-defined intervals by accounting for coverage between paired-end reads. Normalized log2 fold-changes between tumor and normal samples are then calculated and a smoothing window is applied. In addition, we utilize tumor allele frequencies of known heterozygous germline SNPs identified within the normal to both evaluate potential false positives and correct biases. Lastly, a segmentation algorithm (circular binary segmentation as implemented in DNAcopy package1) is applied to summarize the individual log2 fold-changes into intervals with a constant copy number state. The results from the segmentation algorithm are then annotated and reformatted into the VCF format. We have analytically optimized and validated our algorithm across a series of samples with known alterations for implementation on both clinical and research samples. 1. Seshan VE and Olshen A. DNAcopy: DNA copy number data analysis. R package version 1.40.0. Citation Format: Jessica Aldrich, Jonathan J. Keats, Winnie S. Liang, John D. Carpten, David W. Craig. Detection of focal somatic copy number variants in whole genome, whole exome, and targeted next-generation sequencing data of tumor/normal pairs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Integrating Clinical Genomics and Cancer Therapy; Jun 13-16, 2015; Salt Lake City, UT. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(1_Suppl):Abstract nr 45.
Tests for immigrant doctors.
Authors: M R Draper
Journal: BMJ (1974)

tion that in their experience with this drug the blood pressure, once controlled, may remain within noTmal limits for up to a month after stopping treatment.We have recently observed the same phenomenon after discontinuing therapy with indoramin in hypertensive patients,' when no¢motension may continue for considerably longer than four weeks.Indoramin -also has adrenoceptor blocking activity,23 Since prolonged normotension is seen after discontinuing other antihypertensive agents however,4 this effect may well be due to a common mechanism such as "barostat" resetting5 rather than a direct action of the drugs themselves.This phenomenon conplicates the de- sign of clinical trials, as Drs.Stokes and Weber point out.It also suggests4 that morbidity due rto antihypertensive agents could frequently be avoided by stopping or reducing the dose of these drugs afiter long periods of s,atisfactory 'blood pressure control.-Weare, etc.,
Præventis, the immunisation register of the Netherlands: a tool to evaluate the National Immunisation Programme
Authors: A van Lier, P Oomen, P de Hoogh, I Drijfhout, B Elsinghorst, J Kemmeren, M Conyn-van Spaendonck, H de Melker
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

Vaccination coverage is an important performance indicator of any national immunisation programme (NIP). To monitor the vaccination coverage in the Netherlands, an electronic national immunisation register called ‘Præventis’ was implemented in 2005. Præventis has a link with the population register and can produce letters of invitation for the NIP, register and validate administered vaccinations. The database is used to monitor the vaccination process, produce reminder letters, control the stock of vaccines and provides information used for paying the fees to the different executive organisations involved. Præventis provides a crucial tool for the evaluation of the NIP by producing (sub)national vaccination coverage estimates with high accuracy and allowing additional research: identifying populations at high risk for low coverage based on existing data, conducting specific studies where individuals included in the immunisation register are approached for further research, using vaccination coverage data for the interpretation of (sero)surveillance data, and linking the immunisation register with disease registers to address vaccine safety or vaccine effectiveness. The ability to combine Præventis data with data from other databases or disease registers and the ability to approach individuals with additional research questions offers opportunities to identify areas of priority for improving the Dutch NIP.