tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA-7 targets Nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome to modulate neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Yan Zhou, Ming Lu, Ren-Hong Du, Chen Qiao, Chun-Yi Jiang, Ke-Zhong Zhang, Jian-Hua Ding, Gang Hu
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2016)

α-Synuclein (α-Syn), a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD), has been recognized to induce the production of interleukin-1β in a process that depends, at least in vitro, on nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in monocytes. However, the role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the onset of PD has not yet been fully established. In this study, we showed that NLRP3 inflammasomes were activated in the serum of PD patients and the midbrain of PD model mice. We further clarified that α-syn activated the NLRP3 inflammasome through microglial endocytosis and subsequent lysosomal cathepsin B release. Deficiency of caspase-1, an important component of NLRP3 inflammasome, significantly inhibited α-syn-induced microglia activation and interleukin-1β production, which in turn alleviated the reduction of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons treated by microglia medium. Specifically, we demonstrated for the first time that Nlrp3 is a target gene of microRNA-7 (miR-7). Transfection of miR-7 inhibited microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation whereas anti-miR-7 aggravated inflammasome activation in vitro. Notably, stereotactical injection of miR-7 mimics into mouse striatum attenuated dopaminergic neuron degeneration accompanied by the amelioration of microglial activation in MPTP-induced PD model mice. Our study provides a direct link between miR-7 and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of PD. These findings will give us an insight into the potential of miR-7 and NLRP3 inflammasome in terms of opening up novel therapeutic avenues for PD.
Possible Effect of Hydrocortisone on Bilirubin Excretion by the Liver
Authors: Harry Shay, David C. H. Sun
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

CORTISONE and ACTH have been shown to cause a reduction in serum bilirubin in acute hepatitis.1 2 3 4 5 6 Although this action has been more variable in patients with chronic liver disease,7 8 9 and in some cases without effect,10 there is sufficient evidence that these agents can reduce hyperbilirubinemia. However, the mechanism by which this reduction is brought about remains to be defined. Patterson and his associates11 investigated the possible choleretic effect of cortisone and hydrocortisone on the liver by measuring the influence of intravenously and duodenally instilled cortisone and hydrocortisone on volume and bilirubin content of duodenal fluid. They reported an increase in . . .
EPID-02AN UNUSUAL PEDIATRIC HYPOTHALAMIC PILOCYTIC ASTROCYTOMA
Authors: Sarah Rumler, Karen Fernandez, Jane Maksimovic, Sarah Martin, Julian Lin, Connor Fraser, Reuben Antony
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BACKGROUND: Hypothalamic/chiasmatic tumors (H/C) constitute 7-10% of pediatric primary CNS tumors and are typically pilocytic astrocytomas. Local extension is seen in 75% of patients but metastatic spinal cord involvement without intracranial dissemination is rare. We describe an unusual multifocal H/C and spinal cord pilocytic astrocytoma in an 8 year old boy. CASE REPORT: The patient was found to have a pineal cyst 1 year prior to diagnosis when he had a CT scan following minor head trauma. Ten months later he presented with lower back pain. MRI (sacrum) showed distortion of L5 nerve roots. Over 3 months his sacral pain worsened and he developed headaches, emesis and gait disturbance. MRI (brain) showed an enhancing hypothalamic mass and hydrocephalus. Spinal cord MRI revealed an intramedullary T2 hyperintense C2-C5 mass, an intramedullary T2 hyperintense focus at T6 and a cystic lesion bordering S1/S2 nerve roots. Spinal cord lesions enhanced less than the hypothalamic lesion. Additional T2 hyperintense foci of uncertain origin were seen in the midbrain tectum, superior cerebellar peduncles and cerebellar hemispheres. Optic chiasm was eccentrically thickened on the right but without abnormal enhancement. CSF was negative for tumor cells and NF1 studies were negative. The hypothalamic and cervical spinal cord lesions were biopsied/debulked respectively. Microscopic examination (both specimens) revealed low-grade astrocytoma without mitotic activity, necrosis or microvascular endothelial proliferation and only occasional Rosenthal fibers (hypothalamic specimen). Immunostain for neurofilament protein (both specimens) suggested an infiltrative growth pattern but IDH-1 immunostain was negative. Both specimens were BRAF(7q34) duplication(+). Ki67 proliferative index was 2-3%. The patient is currently receiving treatment with vincristine/carboplatin with partial improvement of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Since our patient's CSF was negative for tumor cells it is unclear whether this case represents two genetically distinct (multicentric) tumors or a metastatic pilocytic astrocytoma with a hypothalamic or spinal cord primary lesion.
Bill Would Permit Partial Filling of Opioid Prescriptions
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Case 38-1994
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, David C. Harmon, G. Petur Nielsen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Presentation of CaseA 55-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a tender left paraspinal mass.The patient had been well until eight months earlier, when he began to experience pain and tenderness near the left costovertebral angle. The pain gradually worsened and radiated around the left flank along the 11th rib. His physician ascribed the pain initially to a renal stone and later to an “irritable colon.” A barium-enema examination was negative. A computed tomographic (CT) scan of the abdomen was said to show a left paraspinal mass, 3 to 4 cm, within the left erector spinae . . .
Pharmacogenetic Profiling for Toxicity of Oxaliplatin and Fluoropyrimidines. Final Report from an Ancillary Protocol to the Tosca (Three or Six Colon Adjuvant) Trial
Authors: F. Graziano, A. Ruzzo, F. Galli, E. Giacomini, I.C. Floriani, F. Galli, E. Rulli, S. Lonardi, M. Ronzoni, B. Massidda, V. Zagonel, N. Pella, C. Mucciarini, R. Labianca, E. Veltri, P. Sozzi, S. Barni, V. Ricci, A. Sobrero, M. Magnani
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
BMET-24CRANIOTOMY FOR TUMOR RESECTION IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE BRAIN METASTASES: CHARACTERISTIC OF THE DOMINANT METASTATIC LESION
Authors: Darryl Lau, Brandon Imber, Manish Aghi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

In the surgical management of multiple brain metastases, resection of the  lesion occurs in the setting of neurological compromise. There is a paucity of data characterizing the  lesion. This study aims to quantitatively and qualitatively describe a dominant metastatic lesion and assess symptomatic improvement following resection. All adult patients with multiple brain metastases (2 or more) from 2007 to 2013 who underwent craniotomy for tumor resection for were identified. Outcomes of interest were perioperative complications and change/resolution of symptomology at discharge. Characteristics associated with symptom resolution were assessed via chi-squared test. A total of 38 patients were included in the study. 36.8% were male and mean age was 59.0 years. Of the 38  tumors resected, 94.7% enhanced, 50.0% were hemorrhagic, and 28.9% had cystic components. The mean largest diameter of the  lesion was 39.5 mm and mean volume was 202873.2 mm3. The next largest lesion had a mean diameter of 13.2 mm (range 3 mm to 31 mm) and volume of 11496.9 mm3. The  metastatic lesion proved to be at least 299.2% larger in mean largest linear dimension and 1764.6%% larger by volume compared to the next largest metastatic lesion. 65.9% of patients achieved gross total resection and 68.4% of patients had at least partial resolution of symptoms. Resection of the  lesions with greater than 3 times the diameter or greater than 15 times the volume than the next largest lesion had significantly higher rates of symptom relief compared to smaller  lesions (80.0% vs. 46.2%, p = 0.033). In patients with cerebellar lesions, symptom improvement occurred 100.0% of the time. Craniotomy for resection of  metastatic tumors is effective for symptomatic relief, especially for  lesions 3 times the diameter or 15 times the volume of the next largest lesion.
Low-Dose Nitric Oxide Therapy for Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
Authors: Reese H. Clark, Thomas J. Kueser, Marshall W. Walker, W. Michael Southgate, Jeryl L. Huckaby, Jose A. Perez, Beverly J. Roy, Martin Keszler, John P. Kinsella
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Inhaled nitric oxide improves gas exchange in neonates, but the efficacy of low-dose inhaled nitric oxide in reducing the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has not been established.
Case 5-2001
Authors: Farhad Navab, Rhonda K. Yantiss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Presentation of CaseA 52-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of an attack of severe abdominal pain.During the preceding four years, the patient had been evaluated repeatedly for chronic iron-deficiency anemia, but no cause had been identified despite an upper gastrointestinal endoscopic and colonoscopic examination, a barium-enema study, and an upper gastrointestinal series with a small-bowel follow-through study. Microscopical examination of a bone marrow specimen was nondiagnostic. Repeated stool tests for occult blood were negative. Another, more recent colonoscopic examination was again negative. The patient's daily medications were ferrous sulfate (500 to 1000 mg), enteric-coated aspirin (81 . . .
BMET-33ENDOSCOPIC ENDONASAL TRANSPHENOIDAL RESECTION OF A MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA TO THE SELLA TURCICA
Authors: Arthur Wang, Adesh Tandon, Deya Jourdy, George Kleinman, Raj Murali
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

The authors present a case of a 71 year old female with a past medical history significant for mantle cell lymphoma isolated to the peritoneal cavity treated approximately 10 years prior. The patient was deemed to be in remission, but presented to her primary care physician with symptoms of progressive deterioration of her visual fields. An MRI of the brain revealed a contrast enhancing sellar lesion which extended posteriorly to the tentorium cerebelli on the left side. The lesion was noted to cause optic chiasm compression as well as invasion within the cavernous sinus. The patient underwent a successful optic chiasm decompression via an endoscopic endonasal transphenoidal resection of the lesion. Post-operatively, the patient was noted to have a marked improvement in her visual fields. The final pathology revealed mantle cell lymphoma within the sella turcica lesion. The patient received systemic and intra-thecal chemotherapy with exceptional results. Follow-up MRI of the brain revealed interval resolution of the lesion. To the authors' knowledge this is the first reported case of mantle cell lymphoma within the sella turcica.
Delay of breast carcinogenesis by green tea catechins and black tea theaflavins in the C3 (1) SV40 T/t antigen (Tag) transgenic mouse model
Authors: Siminder Kaur
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

2254  Polyphenolic constituents contained in green tea impair proliferation and survival of neoplastic cells in vitro and prevent cancer in rodents including that of the mammary gland. Epidemiological studies suggest that high consumption of green tea is associated with a delay in breast cancer recurrence. Much less is known about the potential cancer chemopreventive properties of black tea constituents. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a defined extract of black tea (BTT) consisting predominantly of theaflavins, with that of green tea extract (GTC), containing mainly catechins such as epigallocatechin gallate. The pharmacological properties of BTT and GTC were explored in the C3(1)/SV40 T/t-antigen transgenic (Tag) mouse model of mammary carcinogenesis. Female Tag mice develop mammary tumours characterised by inactivated tumour suppressor genes p53 and Rb, thus mimicking an insidious hormone-insensitive form of human breast cancer (Maroulakou et al, Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. 91, 11236, 1994). Mice (10 per group) received drinking water (controls) or drinking water containing BTT or GTC (0.05%) from weaning to the end of their lifetime. Animals were sacrificed when tumours exceeded 17 mm in diameter, which served as the experimental endpoint. Intervention with either BTT or GTC increased Tag mouse survival. When average age (days) at death was compared, the differences between control (143.5 ± 8.25) on the one side, and BTT (154 ± 16.83) or GTC (151.2 ± 8.22) on the other were significant (p
Effect of Diphenylhydantoin on the Metabolism of Dexamethasone
Authors: William Jubiz, A. Wayne Meikle, Richard A. Levinson, Shutaro Mizutani, Charles D. West, Frank H. Tyler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Patients on chronic diphenylhydantoin therapy have abnormal plasma corticosteroid and urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid responses to low doses of dexamethasone (0.5 mg every six hours for eight doses). Responses to higher doses (2.0 mg every six hours for eight doses) are normal. Even though this pattern resembles Cushing's syndrome associated with adrenal hyperplasia, the history, physical examination and other laboratory findings are not consistent with such a diagnosis. Gastrointestinal absorption of dexamethasone was not impaired in rats treated chronically with diphenylhydantoin, but the biliary excretion and hepatic conjugation of dexamethasone or its metabolites were found to be enhanced. The resulting lower levels of active dexamethasone reaching the pituitary gland would account for the failure of ACTH suppression. Dexamethasone suppression tests should be interpreted cautiously in patients on chronic diphenylhydantoin therapy.
Rearrangement of the Gene for the Beta Chain of the T-Cell Receptor in T-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Related Disorders
Authors: Alan C. Aisenberg, Theodore G. Krontiris, Tak W. Mak, Barbara M. Wilkes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Although monoclonal B-cell populations can be identified both by surface-marker analysis and by immunoglobulin-gene rearrangements, this has not been possible with T cells. We have employed cDNA probes that are specific for the entire beta chain of the T-cell receptor, and for its constant and variable regions, to investigate gene rearrangements in T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and related disorders. In three malignant proliferations of helper (T4-positive) T cells, rearrangements of the beta-chain constant-region gene were readily demonstrated. A patient from the Caribbean who had adult T-cell lymphoma and antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type I (HTLV-I), a patient with virus-negative chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (Sézary variant) made up the T4-positive group. Three additional patients with chronic T8 (cytotoxic—suppressor) lymphocytosis and neutropenia were studied; in two, rearrangements were found. In all five patients with constant-region rearrangements, deletions of variable-region restriction fragments were observed as well. The presence of rearrangements of a T-cell receptor gene provides presumptive evidence for the clonal nature of T-cell proliferation and for its neoplastic character. (N Engl J Med 1985; 313:529–33.)
Persistence of Middle-Ear Effusion after Acute Otitis Media in Children
Authors: Paul A. Shurin, Stephen I. Pelton, Allan Donner, Jerome O. Klein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

We observed the frequent occurrence of persistent middle-ear effusion in children with acute otitis media and followed them according to standard procedures for otologic diagnosis. We performed a life-table analysis to identify risk factors for such persistent disease. Sixty-two patients were free of middle-ear effusion at one or more clinic visits two to 13 weeks after presentation and were considered cured; 45 had effusion at all clinic visits during this period and were defined as having persistent effusion. The life-table analysis showed that the relative risk for persistence was 3.8 times higher in children less than 24 months of age as compared with children 24 months of age or older (P less than 0.001) and that this risk was 2.8 times greater for white as compared with black children (P less than 0.01). Other factors examined were not identified as significant risk factors. Persistent middle-ear effusion may be associated with impaired hearing and appears to be the most important sequela of otitis media.
A Case of Massive Bone Metastases From Lung Cancer Detected Only by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Yoko Satoh, Kiyoshi Koizumi, Atsushi Nambu, Tsutomu Araki
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 74-year-old man was diagnosed with small cell lung carcinoma in the left upper lobe. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed multifocal strong abnormal uptakes in the axial skeleton and those of the primary lung tumor. CT failed to demonstrate the bony abnormalities. A subsequent 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy was also almost negative. It is important to note that bone metastasis may be undetectable by both CT and bone scintigraphy even if it is massive.
Autologous Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Behçet's Disease with Pulmonary Involvement
Authors: Manfred Hensel, Andreas Breitbart, Anthony D. Ho
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

To the Editor: The prognosis for patients with Behcet's disease and pulmonary involvement is poor.1 Half the patients die within three years after the onset of hemoptysis.2 We describe the successf...
Relationship Between Infarct Size and Outcomes Following Primary PCI
Authors: Gregg W. Stone, Harry P. Selker, Holger Thiele, Manesh R. Patel, James E. Udelson, E. Magnus Ohman, Akiko Maehara, Ingo Eitel, Christopher B. Granger, Paul L. Jenkins, Melissa Nichols, Ori Ben-Yehuda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Timing of Symptoms and Oocyst Excretion in Human Cryptosporidiosis
Authors: Liisa Jokipii, Anssi M.M. Jokipii
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

To determine the timing of symptoms and oocyst excretion after the acquisition of cryptosporidium infection, we used a screening parasitologic stool examination to identify patients and then contacted them for the collection of retrospective histories and follow-up stool specimens. The study included 68 otherwise healthy patients with an identifiable source and time of infection. All 68 had diarrhea, 61 had abdominal pain, most also had other gastrointestinal symptoms, 33 had fever, and all recovered spontaneously. Among the 50 patients who submitted follow-up stool samples, more than 90 percent of the 610 symptomatic days and of the 136 oocyst-positive stools occurred between days 7 and 28 of infection, the mean incubation period was 7.2 days (range, 1 to 12), and the mean duration of illness was 12.2 days (range, 2 to 26). During the oocyst-excretion period cryptosporidium was detected in 90 percent of Ziehl-Neelsen-stained fecal concentrates. The end of oocyst excretion could be accurately determined in 26 patients; 19 (73 percent) had positive stools after the cessation of symptoms for a mean period of 6.9 days (range, 1 to 15). Fourteen patients were studied for two or more months, and in three of them asymptomatic episodes of oocyst excretion were detected up to two months after clinical recovery. We conclude that many cases of symptomatic cryptosporidiosis occur among immunocompetent patients, some of whom may excrete oocysts even when they have become asymptomatic. Conversely, infected symptomatic patients may occasionally have intermittently negative stools.
Efficacy of 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate in the Prevention of Premature Labor
Authors: John W. C. Johnson, Karl L. Austin, Georgeanna S. Jones, George H. Davis, Theodore M. King
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

We conducted a double-blind study to determine the efficacy of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate in preventing premature delivery in 43 high-risk patients. Premature delivery did not occur in 18 patients receiving the progestational agent, whereas 41 per cent of the 22 receiving the palcebo had premature delivery (P less than 0.01). The mean duration of pregnancy and the mean birth weight in the former group (38.6 weeks +/- 1.6 S.D., and 2836 g +/- 412 S.D.) were both significantly greater (P less than 0.025) than that in the latter (35.2 weeks +/- 6.7 S.D.; 2361 g +/- 1085 S.D.). The perinatal mortality rate in the group given the progestational agent (O per cent) was significantly less than that observed in the placebo group (27 per cent) (P less than 0.05). Although there were no complications attributable to the progestational drug, the study population was too small for assessment of immediate or long term safety. However, the results indicate a possible obstetric use for this drug.
HTLV tax and Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: Bette A. Pancake, Dorothea Zucker-Franklin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

To the Editor: Although a causal relation between human T-cell lymphotropic retrovirus type I and type II (HTLV-I and HTLV-II) and adult T-cell leukemia has been well established, the association b...
An Unusual Case of Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: Lewis E. Braverman, Kenneth A. Woeber, Sidney H. Ingbar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THIS report describes a patient with Cushing's syndrome who presented two unusual manifestations. In the first place, it is generally accepted that one of the cardinal features of Cushing's syndrome is the inability of small doses of dexamethasone or other potent corticosteroids to suppress endogenous adrenocortical function, as assessed by measurement of urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) and 17-ketosteroids (17-KS).1 In this patient, however, both laboratory and clinical evidence of a suppressive response was observed. In addition, she was unusual in that the disorder was associated with radiologic evidence of pituitary enlargement.Case ReportA 26-year-old single woman was admitted to the . . .