tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Marin H. Kollef, Daniel P. Schuster
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

In this review we evaluate specific therapeutic strategies for the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)1,2 and make recommendations on their use. We begin with a brief overview of the laboratory tests used to evaluate suspected cases of the syndrome, because these often dictate the subsequent therapeutic approaches. The clinical features, pathogenesis, and pathologic features of ARDS have been reviewed extensively elsewhere.318 We recognize that the understanding of ARDS and its optimal clinical management will continue to advance and that our recommendations will therefore be modified.Definition of ARDSThe recent European–American Consensus Conference on ARDS developed the following . . .
RT-29 * CONDUCTING VIRTUAL CLINICAL TRIALS TO EVALUATE HYPOFRACTIONATED RADIOTHERAPY FOR NEWLY DIAGNOSED GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: R. Rockne, D. Corwin, B. Desai, A. Hawkins-Daarud, K. Swanson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

PURPOSE: Fractionated photon irradiation is an integral part of the standard-of-care for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). Radiotherapy (RT) remains an area of active research, as 42 of 56 open interventional clinical trials for newly diagnosed GBMs involve RT. Hingorani et al reviewed several studies involving hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) that suggested improved outcomes with reduced treatment times and neurological complications. However, these studies, along with many others for GBM, suffer from having a small cohort of patients. In this setting, inter-tumoral heterogeneity presents a significant challenge to evaluating therapeutic response and the interpretation of trial outcomes. METHODS: We present a method for conducting virtual clinical trials (VCT) for glioblastoma in the context of HFRT, although the method is applicable to a variety of therapies. For each VCT, we generate multiple virtual small cohorts of GBM patients by sampling tumor growth and response rates from a distribution created from a previously studied population of 63 GBM patients. The virtual cohorts are characterized by growth and response rates with mathematical models which can be determined through clinical imaging. These models are used to simulate four HFRT clinical trial protocols as well as the standard-of-care. Overall survival and dose to non-involved brain were compared for all protocols for each cohort while the standard-of-care is compared to a population-level control. RESULTS: We found that this approach can be used to differentiate experimental treatments in silico. The ability to conduct repeated VCTs for a variety of cohorts is valuable with the limited availability of patients with newly diagnosed GBM for new trials. This method can be viewed as an additional layer to meta-analysis of published trials, or as a preclinical tool to test hypotheses regarding treatment protocols prior to the proposal of a phase II trial, with the goal of selecting more cost-and time-efficient trials.
CIRCULATING HU PROTEIN ASSESSMENT FOR ARRHYTHMIC RISK STRATIFICATION IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS
Authors: Anyu Zhou, An Xie, Ning Jiang, Guangbin Shi, Kai-Chien Yang, Hong Liu, Li Zhou, Man Liu, Euy-Myong Jeong, Cody Rutledge, Marco Denegril, Carlo Napolitano, Silvia G. Priori, Samuel Dudley
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Lesson of the week: Deaths after delayed recognition of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube migration
Authors: I. Botterill, G. Miller, S. Dexter, I. Martin
Journal: BMJ (1998)

If early leakage around a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube occurs, stop enteric feeding immediately and perform an endoscopy as soon as possible

Feeding by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is an established method of maintaining enteral nutrition in patients with dysphagia. The procedure is straightforward and is associated with low mortality and morbidity. The most common complications are local infection and skin excoriation. Should late complications occur, the feeding tube can easily be exchanged as a fibrous track develops around it. We report two patients who developed leakage around the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube soon after it had been placed. Both developed fatal complications after seemingly minor adjustments to the tube had been made.

### Case 1

An 88 year old woman was admitted to hospital with a history of progressive dysphagia and weight loss over the previous six weeks. Findings at gastroscopy were normal, but a barium swallow showed oesophageal dysmotility. Because the patient had been malnourished for several weeks, it was agreed to place a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube for feeding purposes.

A percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (20 French gauge; CORFLO-Bower, CORPAK MedSystems, Wheeling, IL 60090, USA) was inserted, using the “pull” technique described by Gauderer.1 Prophylactic antibiotics were not given. The procedure was completed uneventfully, and a follow up endoscopy showed that the intragastric bumper was in a satisfactory position. In keeping with our protocol, the feeding tube was not used for 24 hours. Trial feeding with water was then begun, and enteral feeding was started after the water had been tolerated without abdominal …
A1.55 Development of antibodies specific for carbamylated protein precedes disease onset in MICE with collagen-induced arthritis
Authors: M K Verheul, J N Stoop, B S Liu, J Shi, D T S L Jansen, M Hegen, T W J Huizinga, L A Trouw, R E M Toes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Antibodies against citrullinated proteins are a characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recently, we demonstrated that autoantibodies recognizing homocitrulline containing proteins are present in sera of RA patients and predict joint damage (1). Because homocitrulline is post-translationally formed by a process called carbamylation, we named these novel auto-antibodies anti-Carbamylated Protein antibodies (anti-CarP antibodies). As no information is present on the molecular mechanisms underlying the break of tolerance and hence the induction of anti-CarP-responses, we analysed their appearance in the mouse collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. <h3>Methods</h3> CIA was induced in mice by immunisation with type II collagen (CII) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Arthritis severity was monitored by clinical scoring and anti-CarP levels were determined by ELISA. The specificity of the ELISA was validated using inhibition and immunoblotting assays. <h3>Results</h3> Anti-CarP antibodies were not detected in naïve, non-immunised mice. However they were readily detectable in mice injected with CII and CFA demonstrating arthritic scores. The ELISA results of the specificity of the antibodies for carbamylated proteins were confirmed by inhibition assays and immunoblotting. No correlation between anti-CarP antibody levels and disease severity was observed. Injection of CFA could also cause the development of anti-Carp antibodies, indicating that arthritis is not required for the emergence of anti-CarP antibodies. However, in mice with arthritic disease, the anti-CarP response was stronger and developed more rapidly. The onset of clinical symptoms of CIA was preceded by an increase of anti-CarP IgG2a levels in the serum. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Anti-CarP antibodies can be detected before disease onset in mice with CIA, but are not required for disease induction. Our data indicate that induction of inflammation by e.g. CFA can lead to a break of B-cell tolerance to carbamylated proteins and the emergence of anti-CarP-antibodies. <h3>Disclosure:</h3> This project is supported by Pfizer Inc. as part of the IMI BTCure program. L. A. T. receives a fellowship from Janssen Biologics BV (Johnson &amp; Johnson). M. H. is a Pfizer Inc. employee. <h3>Reference</h3> Shi J, et al. Autoantibodies recognizing carbamylated proteins are present in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and predict joint damage. <i>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A</i> 2011;108:17372-7.
SPECT Monitoring of Improved Cerebral Blood Flow During Long-Term Treatment of Elderly Patients with Nootropic Drugs
Authors: IRENE C. DORMEHL, BEATRICE JORDAAN, DOUGLAS W. OLIVER, SANDRA CROFT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Purpose: In normal aging persons, oxygen and glucose consumption progressively decreases with reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF), which could be responsible for age-related changes in cognitive functions. A data processing model with the use of Tc-99m SPECT of the human brain has been developed and found to be sensitive for monitoring the effects of drugs that increase CBF. In this study, the effect of two vasodilator drugs (the combination of pentifylline and nicotinic acid versus piracetam) was compared with the effect of placebo on CBF. Materials and Methods: Thirty elderly volunteers had three different procedures using the Peelproc method to spatially standardize and compare CBF patterns by SPECT before and after drug intervention. The 30 patients were divided into five groups of six persons each who were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the treatment sequences consisting of three phases: the combination of pentifylline and nicotinic acid (C), piracetam (N), and placebo (P), or C-N-P; P-N-C; P-C-N; N-C-P; C-P-N; or N-P-C. Phases 1 to 3 each consisted of a baseline recording of parameters (day 0), treatment for 60 days (days 1 to 60), and recording of parameters after treatment (day 61). Results: In elderly human volunteers (ages, 52 to 70 years), after 2 months of oral treatment with a combination of pentifylline and nicotinic acid (800 mg pentifylline, 200 mg nicotinic acid daily), SPECT results for the Peelproc program indicated a statistically significant improvement in CBF of the total brain, with a more pronounced improvement in the cerebellum and frontal regions, where a definite shift from abnormal to normal blood flow was detected. Spontaneous communication from most of the volunteers suggested that they experienced an improvement in memory and general well-being from the combination treatment. After 2 months of oral treatment with piracetam (2.4 g daily) in elderly human volunteers, SPECT results indicated a regional improvement in CBF, particularly in the cerebellum. However, no beneficial effects with this drug were spontaneously reported. Conclusion: The in vivo method to quantitatively monitor the progress of long-term drug therapy on CBF described here could be useful to assess and even direct changes in therapy.
Use of Treatment Guidelines Surges as Urge to Manage Care Increases
Authors: H. Mclntosh
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Use of Treatment Guidelines Surges as Urge to Manage Care Increases Get access Hugh Mclntosh Hugh Mclntosh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 14, 19 July 1995, Pages 1044–1047, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.14.1044 Published: 19 July 1995
FDG Uptake by Tongue and Muscles of Mastication Reflecting Increased Metabolic Activity of Muscles After Chewing Gum
Authors: JOJI KAWABE, SHIGEAKI HIGASHIYAMA, TERUE OKAMURA, KENJI TORII, KOICHI KOYAMA, ETSUSHI KAWAMURA, HIROTAKA ISHIZU, YUICHI INOUE, SUSUMU SHIOMI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

KAWABE, JOJI M.D.; HIGASHIYAMA, SHIGEAKI M.D.; OKAMURA, TERUE M.D.; TORII, KENJI M.D.; KOYAMA, KOICHI M.D.; KAWAMURA, ETSUSHI M.D.; ISHIZU, HIROTAKA M.D.; INOUE, YUICHI M.D.; SHIOMI, SUSUMU M.D. Author Information
Abstract 990: Metabolic shift in cancer by re-programming of mitochondrial machinery: Novel insight into Warburg-dependent mechanism
Authors: Niven R. Narain, Rangaprasad Sarangarajan, John P. McCook, Joaquin J. Jimenez
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Otto Warburg described his seminal observation that cancer cells negotiated a switch towards anaerobic respiration from oxidative phosphorylation in return for sustained growth and evasion of normal cellular processes such as cell cycle control and apoptosis. The underlying mechanism that governs this phenomenon has yet to be firmly established. Given the centrality of mitochondria to apoptosis and bioenergetics, we proposed experiments that employed ubidecarenone as an intracellular energy ambassador wherein high-throughput genomic, metabolomic, and proteomic analyses were employed to capture the energetic and molecular signature of cancer cells. Analyses were performed on oncogenic breast, prostate, liver, pancreatic, skin (melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma) and were compared to normal fibroblasts, keratinocytes, hepatocytes, kidney, adipocytes, and human aortic and endothelial cells. The results suggested a hallmark discovery that clearly delineated a differential effect of cancer vs. normal cells under hyperglycemic, hypoxic, and lactate-stressed conditions. A decreased activation of the Pentose Phosphate Shunt was significantly downregulated in cancer cells suggestive of a shift towards utilization of oxygen and glycolysis while Bcl-2 dependent cell death mechanisms were restored. Most notably, cross-talk mechanisms related to p53 and Vegf in the cancer cells and tumor markers and pathology in animal models of melanoma and pancreatic cancer demonstrated efficacy in a topical and intravenous form of Cytotech Labs API 31510, a ubidecarenone based technology that targets the Bcl-2 protein family downstream of a cellular metabolic shift. Conversely, normal cells did not exhibit the aforementioned characteristic indicative of a cancer-specific mechanism. We propose a novel underlying mechanism for the Warburg Hypothesis and demonstrate that pre-clinical work on API 31510 in cancer suggest that it may be a viable agent for control of cancer metabolism and serve as safe, effective anti-cancer agent. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 990. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-990
P4-11-08: Changes in the Distribution of Loco-Regional and Distant Breast Cancer Recurrences over the Last 20 Years: Implications for Patient Care and Future Research.
Authors: N Bouganim, M Clemons, E Amir
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Improvements in adjuvant therapy have led to a sustained fall in recurrences after early breast cancer. The differential reduction of both local-regional and systemic recurrences is poorly understood. This study aimed to explore changes in the distribution of loco-regional and distant recurrences in clinical trials reported over the last 20 years. We also aimed to determine the relative impact of adjuvant chemotherapy and endocrine therapy. Methods: A MEDLINE search for adjuvant, Phase III randomized breast cancer clinical studies between January 1990 and March 2011 was performed. Neo-adjuvant, single agent biologics and studies that did not report the proportion of loco-regional and distant recurrences were excluded. Change in the frequency of recurrences was assessed as the non-parametric correlation between the number of loco-regional recurrences (as a proportion of all recurrences) and time. Studies were weighted by sample size. Pre-specified subgroup analyses were assessed using the interaction test and included type of surgery performed, radiotherapy use, menopausal status and type of systemic therapy delivered. Definition of local and distant recurrences differed between studies. For consistency, loco-regional recurrences were classified as recurrences limited to the ipsilateral breast, chest wall, axillary, supraclavicular and internal mammary lymph nodes. Any other recurrence was defined as distant, with the exception of contralateral breast cancer; that was excluded from this analysis. Results: Fifty-three randomized clinical trials with a total of 86,598 patients were included in the analysis. Between 1990 and 2011, the proportion of loco-regional recurrences has decreased from approximately 50% to 10% (Spearman's rho = −0.40, p&amp;lt;.001). There was no interaction between type of surgery (mastectomy vs. lumpectomy, p=0.40), adjuvant radiotherapy use (p=0.63) and menopausal status (p=0.95) and the correlation of loco-regional recurrences and time. Chemotherapy use showed a larger negative correlation compared with endocrine therapy (rho = 0.49 vs rho = 0.24, p=0.008). Conclusion: Advances in treatment of early breast cancer have differentially reduced the proportion of loco-regional recurrences compared with distant recurrences. In recent trials, loco-regional recurrences account for less than 10–15% of all recurrences. These falling event rates may affect patient care, especially when deciding on treatments influencing loco-regional control. This change may also impact on the design of clinical trials assessing loco-regional therapy such as surgery and/or local radiation therapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-11-08.
Abstract 1968: Nanoparticle mediated measurement of target-drug binding in cancer cells
Authors: Adeeti V. Ullal, Thomas Reiner, Katherine S. Yang, Rostic Gorbatov, Changwook Min, David Issadore, Hakho Lee, Ralph Weissleder
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Responses to molecularly targeted therapies can be highly variable and depend on mutations, fluctuations in target protein levels in individual cells and drug delivery. The ability to rapidly quantitate drug response in cells harvested from patients in a point-of-care setting would have far reaching implications. Capitalizing on recent developments with miniaturized diagnostic NMR (DMR) technologies, we have developed a magnetic nanoparticle based approach to directly measure both target expression and drug binding in freshly harvested human cancer cells. The method involves covalent conjugation of a small molecule drug to a magnetic nanoparticle that is then used as a read-out for target expression and drug binding affinity. Using poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition as a model system, we developed an approach to distinguish differential expression of PARP across various cell lines with excellent correlation of DMR measurements to gold standards such as flow cytometry (r2 = 0.97) and western blotting (r2 = 0.92). We also sought to mimic drug pharmacodynamics ex-vivo through competitive target-drug binding and could quantify the relative binding affinities of several PARP inhibitors (e.g. Olaparib, Velaparib, AG-014699, and 3-aminobenzamide) in whole cells. Finally, we demonstrate the potential to perform such measurements directly in clinical samples. Further applications of the assay could result in a drug development platform to probe drug binding in cells, the identification of resistant cancer cells, and the ability to determine whether a drug has reached its target. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1968. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1968
Ascariasis of the Biliary System
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SAT0466 High Prevalence of Anti –Thyroid Peroxidase (Atpo) and Anti-Thyroglobulin (ATG) Autoantibodies in Newly Diagnosed Systemic Sclerosis Patients
Authors: M. Łukjanowicz, B. Trzcińska-Butkiewicz, M. Brzosko
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> The association of rheumatic diseases and thyroid autoimmunity has been reported by several studies. It is known that autoimmune thyroid disease is more frequent in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases, also in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Data exist that the presence of antithyroid antibodies favor the onset of autoimmune thyroid disease. Discrepant results have been reported about the prevalence of anti-thyroid antibodies in SSc patients. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the prevalence of anti–thyroid peroxidase (aTPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (aTG) autoantibodies among the Polish one single-center group of SSc patients. <h3>Methods</h3> We evaluated the presence of aTPO and aTG autoantibodies in serum of 107 consecutive patients with SSc (age 19-81 years; 89 women, 18 men; 57 with limited form of SSc and 40 with diffuse). The mean course of the disease was 5,15 years. In 44 SSc patients aTPO and aTG antibodies were evaluated in the first year of diagnosis. In 21 patients disease duration was longer than 10 years at the time of execution of the study. <h3>Results</h3> In the whole studied group of SSc patients the presence of aTPO and/or aTG antibodies was found in a total number of 40 patients (prevalence 37,38%). aTPO antibodies were present in 34 patients (31,77%), aTG antibodies were present in 26 patients (24,29%). Both antibodies were positive in 19 (17,75%) SSc patient. In the subgroup of 44 patients with newly diagnosed SSc the presence of aTPO was found in 22 patients (50,00%), the presence of aTG was found in 15 patients (34,09%), while the presence of aTPO and/or aTG was found in a total number of 23 patients (52,27%). Both antibodies were positive in 19 (43,18%) SSc patients. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The study confirms the high prevalence of thyroid antibodies also in our polish group of SSc patients. The prevalence of anti-thyroid antibodies was significantly higher in the subgroup of patients with newly diagnosed disease (52,2,27%) compared to the whole group SSc patients (37,38%). <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Ireland looks at ways to bring its abortion law into line with European judgment
Authors: M. Houston
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The Irish government has published a report from an expert group appointed to provide options for dealing with the judgment by the European Court of Human Rights on abortion in the Republic of Ireland.

The group was established to advise the government how to respond to the court’s decision in 2010 that Ireland had failed to properly implement the constitutional right to life of the mother set out by the country’s Supreme Court in the “X” case in 1992.1 The case involved a 14 year girl who became suicidal when she discovered …