tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P446: Comparison of Markers Related to Insulin Resistance between US Caucasian Men and Japanese Men in Japan
Authors: Vasudha Ahuja, Katsuyuki Miura, Emma Barrinas-Mitchell, Rhobert W Evans, Yasuyuki Nakamura, Akira Fujiyoshi, Hiroshi Maegawa, Hirotsugu Ueshima, Kamal Masaki, Aya Kadota, Bradley Willcox, Takayoshi Ohkubo, Tomonori Okamura, Lewis H Kuller, Akira Sekikawa
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Although Asians including Japanese are more susceptible to developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) compared to Caucasians, no previous studies have compared levels of insulin resistance between Japanese and Caucasians with the gold standard method, i.e., euglycemic glucose clamp. We have previously reported that levels of atherosclerosis are significantly lower in middle-aged men in Japan than US Caucasian after adjusting for risk factors including body-mass index (BMI). We hypothesized that Japanese men in Japan are less insulin resistant than Caucasian men and compared markers related to insulin resistance in these two groups. Methods: Population-based samples of 623 randomly selected men aged 40-49 years (313 Japanese men from Kusatsu, Shiga Japan and 310 Caucasian men from Allegheny County, PA) without clinical CVD were examined. We excluded 31 men with T2DM. Using ANCOVA, adjusting for BMI, we evaluated the following markers related to insulin resistance in the two populations: HOMA-IR, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), adiponectin, HDL-C, triglycerides, CRP, plasminogen-activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), systolic blood pressure (BP), and other risk factors (Table). Results: After adjusting for BMI, HOMA-IR, the most widely used marker of insulin resistance, was not statistically different between the two groups (Table). Among 19 variables compared, the results of NEFA, CRP, fibrinogen and HLD-P supported the hypothesis that Japanese are less insulin resistant. In contrast the results of adiponectin, PAI-1, triglycerides, total LDL-P, small LDL-P and systolic BP suggest that Japanese are more insulin resistant. Results of HOMA-β% and disposition index suggest that Japanese secrete less insulin than Caucasians. Conclusion: It is inconclusive whether Japanese are less insulin resistant than Caucasians based on comparisons of markers related to insulin resistance. Our data also suggest that Japanese as compared to Caucasians may secrete less insulin at the same levels of insulin resistance.
Withdrawal of Conclusion: False Positive Tests for HIV in a Woman with Lupus
Authors: Jacob Povolotsky, Bruce Polsky, Jeffrey Laurence, R. Jindal, Maritza Rozon-Solomon, Lewis Burrows
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: A letter published in the April 29, 1993, issue of the Journal reported apparently false positive serologic tests for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in a Haitian woman with systemic lupus erythematosus and end-stage renal disease1. Three serum specimens obtained at six-week intervals were strongly reactive for HIV-1 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blotting revealed the full array of HIV-1-specific bands. However, tests for serum p24 antigen, culture of peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for HIV-1, and a polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) test for HIV-1 DNA were all negative. The authors therefore reasoned that the . . .
Hypothermia to Protect the Brain
Authors: Gregory D. Curfman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

For decades, cooling the body below the normal physiologic temperature has been used as a therapeutic tool. Hypothermia is used most often during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, as a means of protecting the brain from ischemic injury. Hypothermia is also used during some neurosurgical procedures and is being investigated as a treatment for ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury. In this issue of the Journal, two groups of investigators report on the use of therapeutic hypothermia to prevent neurologic injury in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest.Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest claims some 225,000 lives each year in the United States . . .
Impact of age and gender in patients with thin melanoma
Authors: C. K. Chang, S. K. Liu, J. S. Choi, R. C. Liu, P. F. Fuchshuber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

8056 Background: The incidence of thin melanoma (≤ 1mm) continues to increase. The purpose of this study was to characterize the incidence and prognosis of thin melanoma among the various age groups. We analyzed the records of 15,267 patients diagnosed with melanoma of these we were able to identify 5573 patients with thin melanoma (≤ 1mm). Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken to identify patients with thin melanoma (&lt;1mm) treated at all the Northern California Kaiser Permanente facilities. All patients received their treatment between January 1998 and December 2004. Univariate and multivariate analyses of predictive factors were evaluated with the log-rank test and Cox regression. In addition chi-square test of relevant clinicopathologic factors determined which factors were predictive of overall survival (OS). Results: Mean age was 55 years (range 8–101). Mean follow-up was 74 months (range 3–209) and 54% were male. Primaries were on the trunk (34%), lower extremities (19%), upper extremities (26%), or head/neck (20%). Mean thickness was 0.4 ± 0.25 mm. The most common histology was superficial spreading (88%). The overall 5 and 10 year survival were 89 and 79, respectively. By univariate analysis age, sex, location and histology were predictive of OS however by multivariate analysis only age and sex were predictive of OS. The female/male ratio was 2 in patients diagnosed before the 3rd decade, and this ratio approached 1 in the mid-5th decade. However, the female/male ratio was 0.5 among patients diagnosed with melanoma in their 8 th decade. Conclusions: Females are more susceptible than men to the risk of melanoma at a younger age however this susceptibility changes with increasing age. Our results demonstrate that the incidence of melanoma may be influenced by age and gender. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Fibrosing Cholestatic Hepatitis after Liver Transplantation in a Patient with Hepatitis C and HIV Infection
Authors: Damian J.M. Tolan, Mervyn H. Davies, Charles E. Millson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

To the Editor: A small but growing number of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection undergo orthotopic liver transplantation for complications of intercurrent infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), or both. HCV invariably reinfects liver allografts, typically causing a lobular hepatitis, and is reasonably well tolerated in the short term. If hepatitis B recurs after transplantation, it frequently causes devastating disease characterized by a rapidly progressive pathological process termed fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis, resulting in liver failure.1 The postulated mechanism of this process is unimpeded viral replication mediated by immunosuppression in the transplant recipient. HIV has . . .
Mercury in House Paint as a Cause of Acrodynia
Authors: Shalom Zarach Hirschman, Murray Feingold, George Boylen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

IN 1948 Warkany and Hubbard1 indicted mercury ingestion as an etiologic factor in acrodynia. Other reports establishing mercury as the most important cause of acrodynia soon followed.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Dimercaprol (BAL), which chelates mercury, was quickly introduced as a therapeutic agent in 1948 but has given variable results.6 , 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Edathamil calcium disodium (EDTA) when given for therapy of acrodynia did not significantly increase mercury excretion.16 Increased urinary elimination of mercury during penicillin therapy for infection has been observed,17 but the results of penicillin therapy in acrodynia have been equivocal.17 , 18 Aposhian19 , 20 has shown that N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine is more effective than other penicillamine derivatives in protecting . . .
Try - a Phase Ii Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Combined Trastuzumab and the Hsp90 Inhibitor Auy922 in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (Nsclc) with Her2 Overexpression or Amplification or Mutation
Authors: L. Nogova, C. Mattonet, M. Scheffler, S. Michels, M. Bos, L.C. Heukamp, H. Schildhaus, U. Fuhr, W.E. Eberhardt, H. Reis, M. Wiesweg, K.W. Schmid, G. Schoch, M. Serke, Y. Ko, M. Schuler, R. Büttner, J. Wolf
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)

ABSTRACT   Aim: Mutations and/or amplifications of HER2 can be found in approximately 4% of patients with NSCLC. In patients with NSCLC and amplification of HER2, identified by immunohistochemistry (IHC3+) or positive fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), preliminary clinical data suggests efficacy of trastuzumab. AUY922 is an inhibitor of the heat shock protein HSP90. This protein acts as molecular chaperone for processing and transport of various intracellular proteins including HER2. AUY922 has shown single agent activity in patients suffering from HER2 amplified breast cancer. This trial investigates the efficacy of trastuzumab combined with AUY922 in patients with NSCLC.  Methods: Patients with metastatic NSCLC and overexpression or amplification of HER2 (IHC DAKO 3+ or positive FISH) or activating mutation after failure of at least one standard treatment are enrolled for combination treatment with trastuzumab and AUY922 in this bicentric phase II study (study centers Cologne and Essen). Treatment starts as monotherapy with trastuzumab, restaging is performed every 6 weeks by CT scan. AUY922 is added at 70mg/m2 once weekly once progression occurs. The primary endpoint is response rate of combination therapy.  Results: We screened 3,863 patients with NSCLC within the Network of Genomic Medicine for amplification or mutation of HER2 in Cologne; patients in Essen were screened separately. An amplification was detected in 4% of these patients, mutations occurred in 1.6%. So far, 5 patients have been treated within the ongoing trial. One patient is currently being treated with trastuzumab monotherapy and has shown stable disease in the third restaging after 18 weeks of treatment. The preliminary best response to combination therapy is disease stabilization for 12 weeks until progression, the maximum reduction in tumor volume is -29.3%, six weeks after start of combination therapy.  Conclusions: Patients with NSCLC and amplified/mutated HER2 are treated with trastuzumab and AUY922 in this ongoing study. We will present preliminary data of clinical outcome and tolerability of this treatment.  Disclosure: L. Nogova: Honoraria by Roche, Travel grant by Novartis; M. Schuler: Advisory Board/Consultant: AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Pfizer Research grants: Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis Honoraries: Alexion, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, GlaxoSmithKline, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer; J. Wolf: Advisory boards (compensated) and lecture fees: AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Clovis, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche Research support: Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Treatment of Tuberculosis in Patients with Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Peter M. Small, Gisela F. Schecter, Philip C. Goodman, Merle A. Sande, Richard E. Chaisson, Philip C. Hopewell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk of tuberculosis and may interfere with the effectiveness of antituberculosis chemotherapy. To examine the outcomes in patients with both diagnoses, we conducted a retrospective study of all 132 patients listed in both the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and tuberculosis case registries in San Francisco from 1981 through 1988.
Risk of Paralytic and Nonparalytic Forms of Poliomyelitis to Household Contacts in Nonepidemic Years
Authors: Morris Siegel, Morris Greenberg, Philip Stone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

A RECENT study on multiple household cases of poliomyelitis revealed a significant relation between the type of disease observed in the first member to be affected and the subsequent occurrence of clinical infection among other persons in the family.1 It was found that the probability that subsequent cases in the family would be paralytic was greater when the initial case was paralytic than when it was nonparalytic.The results obtained under epidemic conditions prevailing in the 1949 outbreak posed the question of whether a similar phenomenon occurred in nonepidemic years. Accordingly, the available data on household members in families having . . .
Genome‐Wide Association Study in an Amerindian Ancestry Population Reveals Novel Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Risk Loci and the Role of European Admixture
Authors: Marta E. Alarcón‐Riquelme, Julie T. Ziegler, Julio Molineros, Timothy D. Howard, Andrés Moreno‐Estrada, Elena Sánchez‐Rodríguez, Hannah C. Ainsworth, Patricia Ortiz‐Tello, Mary E. Comeau, Astrid Rasmussen, Jennifer A. Kelly, Adam Adler, Eduardo M. Acevedo‐Vázquez, Jorge Mariano Cucho-Venegas, Ignacio García‐De la Torre, Mario H. Cardiel, Pedro Miranda, Luis J. Catoggio, Marco Maradiaga‐Ceceña, Patrick M. Gaffney, Timothy J. Vyse, Lindsey A. Criswell, Betty P. Tsao, Kathy L. Sivils, Sang‐Cheol Bae, Judith A. James, Robert P. Kimberly, Kenneth M. Kaufman, John B. Harley, Jorge A. Esquivel‐Valerio, José F. Moctezuma, Mercedes A. García, Guillermo A. Berbotto, Alejandra M. Babini, Hugo Scherbarth, Sergio Toloza, Vicente Baca, Swapan K. Nath, Carlos Aguilar Salinas, Lorena Orozco, Teresa Tusié‐Luna, Raphael Zidovetzki, Bernardo A. Pons‐Estel, Carl D. Langefeld, Chaim O. Jacob
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a strong genetic component. We undertook the present work to perform the first genome-wide association study on individuals from the Americas who are enriched for Native American heritage.We analyzed 3,710 individuals from the US and 4 countries of Latin America who were diagnosed as having SLE, and healthy controls. Samples were genotyped with HumanOmni1 BeadChip. Data on out-of-study controls genotyped with HumanOmni2.5 were also included. Statistical analyses were performed using SNPtest and SNPGWA. Data were adjusted for genomic control and false discovery rate. Imputation was performed using Impute2 and, for classic HLA alleles, HiBag. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.The IRF5-TNPO3 region showed the strongest association and largest OR for SLE (rs10488631: genomic control-adjusted P [Pgcadj ] = 2.61 × 10(-29), OR 2.12 [95% CI 1.88-2.39]), followed by HLA class II on the DQA2-DQB1 loci (rs9275572: Pgcadj = 1.11 × 10(-16), OR 1.62 [95% CI 1.46-1.80] and rs9271366: Pgcadj = 6.46 × 10(-12), OR 2.06 [95% CI 1.71-2.50]). Other known SLE loci found to be associated in this population were ITGAM, STAT4, TNIP1, NCF2, and IRAK1. We identified a novel locus on 10q24.33 (rs4917385: Pgcadj = 1.39 × 10(-8)) with an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) effect (Peqtl = 8.0 × 10(-37) at USMG5/miR1307), and several new suggestive loci. SLE risk loci previously identified in Europeans and Asians were corroborated. Local ancestry estimation showed that the HLA allele risk contribution is of European ancestral origin. Imputation of HLA alleles suggested that autochthonous Native American haplotypes provide protection against development of SLE.Our results demonstrate that studying admixed populations provides new insights in the delineation of the genetic architecture that underlies autoimmune and complex diseases.
Levels of Circulating Progenitor Cells, Cardiovascular Outcomes and Death
Authors: Mauro Rigato, Angelo Avogaro, Gian Paolo Fadini
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

Rationale: Circulating progenitor cells (CPCs), including endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are biologically related to many aspects of cardiovascular disease, as they promote angiogenesis and vascular repair. Objective: We herein aimed to meta-analyze studies reporting the prognostic role of the CPC/EPC measure on cardiovascular outcomes and death. Methods and Results: We screened the English-language literature for longitudinal studies reporting the association between baseline CPC/EPC levels, future cardiovascular events, and death. We retrieved 28 studies, 21 of which contained poolable data and entered the meta-analysis, for a total of 4155 patients, mostly with a high baseline cardiovascular risk. Sixty percent of the studies met at least 11 of 16 items of quality assessment. Overall, reduced CPC/EPC levels were associated with a ≈2-fold increased risk of future cardiovascular events and cardiovascular death. The most predictive phenotype was CD34 + CD133 + : low versus high levels predicted cardiovascular events, restenosis after endovascular intervention, cardiovascular death, and all-cause mortality. Heterogeneity among studies and according to the CPC/EPC phenotype was generally high. Excluding studies for which the risk estimate had to be extrapolated or limiting the analyses to higher quality studies still indicated a significant risk for future cardiovascular events and death in patients with low versus high progenitor cell counts. Conclusions: This meta-analysis shows that a reduction in the levels of circulating cells putatively provided with vasculoregenerative properties represents a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes and death.
Orphan Drugs Open letter to prime minister David Cameron and health secretary Andrew Lansley
Authors: D J Nicholl, D Hilton-Jones, J Palace, S Richmond, S Finlayson, J Winer, A Weir, P Maddison, N Fletcher, J Sussman, N Silver, J Nixon, D Kullmann, N Embleton, D Beeson, M E Farrugia, M Hill, C McDermott, G Llewelyn, J Leonard, M Morris
Journal: BMJ (2010)
Amelioration of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia after Vitamin E Administration
Authors: Richard A. Ehrenkranz, Bedford W. Bonta, Ronald C. Ablow, Joseph B. Warshaw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

We studied the effect of vitamin E on the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasis in neonates with respiratory-distress syndrome. Twenty infants received vitamin E administered intramuscularly during the acute phase of the syndrome, and 20 infants served as controls. Administration of vitamin E significantly increased the serum vitamin E concentration. Nine vitamin-treated and 13 control patients required supplemental oxygen for longer than 250 hours; all were treated with positive-pressure ventilation and endotracheal continuous distending airway pressure. Six of those 13 controls had x-ray changes consistent with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and four died. None of the nine vitamin-treated patients had changes characteristic of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (P = 0.046), and all survived. Administration of vitamin E during the acute phase of the respiratory-distress syndrome appears to modify the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasis.
THU0132 Points to Consider for use of Antirheumatic Drugs Before and During Pregnancy and Lactation: Progress of a Eular Task Force: Table 1.
Authors: A.C. Skorpen, M. Østensen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Guidelines and recommendations regarding risk and safety of antirheumatic drugs during pregnancy and lactation from professional societies vary considerable between countries <h3>Objectives</h3> A EULAR task force was established to reach a consensus on antirheumatic drugs during pregnancy and lactation. <h3>Methods</h3> A systematic search of the literature for publications on classic antirheumatic and biological drugs during pregnancy and lactation was performed. A statement in regard to pregnancy and lactation was made and the strength of evidence for "points to consider" was based on customary scoring systems. Delphi voting was applied to assess the level of agreement between task force members. <h3>Results</h3> The systematic literature search for the period 2006-2015 retrieves an increasing documentation on the use of antirheumatic drugs in pregnant women, and the outcome of their pregnancies. This is particularly apparent regarding the TNF-inhibitors (Table 1). However, only few reports are prospective studies, and include a control group. Publications on drugs used during breastfeeding are very rare and lack completely for several antirheumatic drugs. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The international consensus of 'Points to consider' will support the clinicians in counseling patients desiring children, and will meet the needs of 60-80% of patients with rheumatic diseases planning pregnancy who seek information on medication from health professionals and the internet. <h3>References</h3> Østensen M, Khamashta MA, Lockshin M, et al. Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs and reproduction. Arthritis Res Ther 2006; 8: 209 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Prenatal Diagnosis of β-Thalassemia
Authors: Mario Pirastu, Yuet Wai Kan, Antonio Cao, Brenda J. Conner, Raymond L. Teplitz, R. Bruce Wallace
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

We investigated a method employing synthetic oligonucleotides for the prenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassemia due to a single nucleotide mutation. The beta 0 thalassemia we tested is produced by a nonsense mutation and is commonly found in Sardinia and other parts of the Mediterranean. In this DNA lesion, the glutamine codon CAG at the beta 39 position is mutated to TAG, which results in a stop codon and premature termination of the beta-globin chain. We synthesized two oligonucleotides: one homologous to the normal beta A gene and the other to the beta 0 thalassemia gene at the beta 39 location. The oligonucleotides were labeled with 32P and used as hybridization probes for normal and thalassemic DNA. The beta A probe hybridized only to the normal DNA, and the beta-thalassemia probe only to thalassemic DNA, thus providing a technique for direct demonstration of the mutation. The method is sensitive enough to be applied directly to DNA that is isolated from uncultured cells obtained from only 20 ml of amniotic fluid as early as the 16th gestational week.
Case 31-1971
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. McNeely, Robert C. Moellering, Gerald Nash
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Presentation of CaseA 33-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of fever.He had been well until seven months previously, when he dived into shallow water and immediately became quadriplegic. At another hospital he was found to have a fracture with subluxation of the sixth cervical vertebra and was placed in traction with Crutchfield tongs. He was transferred to a hospital for chronic care for rehabilitation. An indwelling catheter was in place. Neurologic examination showed that the cranial nerves were intact; sensation was absent below the eighth cervical level on the left side and the seventh cervical level . . .
The Allocation of Cadaveric Kidneys
Authors: J. Harold Helderman, Simin Goral
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

With the discovery of cyclosporine and anti–T-cell antibodies and the successful application of HLA matching, short-term and long-term graft-survival rates for cadaveric kidney transplants have improved dramatically. Nonetheless, there are more than 40,000 people in the United States waiting for a kidney transplant, with an ever-widening gap between supply and demand. The organ shortage has fueled the ongoing debate about how cadaveric kidneys should be allocated. This frequently rancorous debate has pitted patient against patient, physician against physician, smaller hospitals against larger institutions, and politicians from states with large multiorgan-transplantation programs against those from states with smaller programs.To address . . .