tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serum Levels of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and DNA Can Predict Inactive Carriers With Low Risk of Disease Progression
Authors: Jessica Liu, Hwai‐I Yang, Mei‐Hsuan Lee, Chin‐Lan Jen, Richard Batrla‐Utermann, Sheng‐Nan Lu, Li‐Yu Wang, San‐Lin You, Chien‐Jen Chen
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

Serum levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA (≤2000 IU/mL) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (&lt;1000 IU/mL) have been shown to distinguish inactive carriers with high accuracy. The goal of this study was to validate the predictability of one‐time measurement of quantitative HBsAg and HBV DNA levels for inactive carrier status and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) progression in a community‐based cohort. This study included 1529 participants chronically infected with HBV genotype B or C from the REVEAL‐HBV cohort. They were ascertained as inactive or active CHB after 18 months of follow‐up. Validity of the one‐time measurement was assessed by sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic curves, while associations with clinical outcomes were calculated with Cox proportional hazards regressions. The one‐time baseline measurement of HBsAg &lt;1000 IU/mL and HBV DNA &lt;2000 IU/mL distinguished inactive carriers from active CHB with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of 71%, 85%, 83%, 74%, and 78%, respectively. Those identified as inactive carriers using the one‐time baseline measurement had multivariate adjusted hazard ratios of 0.36 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20‐0.63) and 0.36 (0.23‐0.56) for hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis, respectively, and an adjusted rate ratio of 6.97 (95% CI, 5.21‐9.33) for HBsAg seroclearance. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of predicting these outcomes using the one‐time definition were similar to those obtained when using long‐term follow‐up defined carrier status for prediction. Conclusion : This study confirms the predictability of a one‐time combined HBsAg and HBV DNA measurement for future inactive carriers. This single‐point strategy provides new and complementary information useful for management of patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. (H epatology 2016;64:381‐389)
Dapsone-Pyrimethamine Compared with Aerosolized Pentamidine as Primary Prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia and Toxoplasmosis in HIV Infection
Authors: Pierre-Marie Girard, Roland Landman, Claude Gaudebout, Robert Olivares, Adrien Gerard Saimot, Patrick Jelazko, Christiane Gaudebout, Agnes Certain, Francois Boue, Elisabeth Bouvet, Thanh Lecompte, Pierre Jean-Coulaud
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmic encephalitis are frequent life-threatening opportunistic infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Primary prophylaxis against P. carinii pneumonia is now common, but there are few data on regimens for primary prophylaxis against toxoplasmosis.
Case 30-1974
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Daniel D. Federman, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Presentation of Case* First admission. A 42-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a heart murmur.Scarlet fever had occurred at the age of six years, and at 11 years a murmur was first heard. He had been well and vigorous until 10 years before admission, when he experienced fatigue and dyspnea while skiing at an elevation of 2000 meters. On return to an accustomed altitude he was free of symptoms and able to backpack with his family without difficulty. There was no history of rheumatic fever.The temperature, pulse and respirations were normal. The blood pressure . . .
Human Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Antigens Defined by Simian Antisera: Evidence for Leukemia-Associated Antigens Distinct From Immune Response-Associated Alloantigens&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T Mohanakumar, E C Russell, R S Metzgar, N Dunn, M Phibbs, N B McWilliams, H M Maurer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Leukemic blasts from a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and peripheral blood T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulations from his genetically identical normal twin were analyzed with the use of the simian antiserum-defining AML antigens and a rabbit antiserum to immune response-associated (la)-like antigens. Blast cells from the patient consistently reacted with both reagents, whereas the B-lymphocyte populations from the patient's normal identical twin reacted only with the rabbit anti-la serum and in no instances reacted with the antiserum to AML cell antigens. Blast cells from the AML patient significantly stimulated the lymphocytes of his normal twin and his own remission leukocytes, whereas the cells from the normal twin failed to stimulate the cells of the patient. These results suggested the existence on AML cells of tumor-associated antigens that are distinct from various other well-characterized normal human alloantigens and differentiation antigens including B-cell antigens. Changes were reported in the expression of leukemia-associated antigens and Ia-like antigens on the cells of an AML patient undergoing chemotherapy as well as in the ability of the simian antisera to distinguish antigens specific for myeloid leukemias from lymphocytic types of leukemias.
ECOG 4599 phase III trial of carboplatin and paclitaxel ±bevacizumab: Subset analysis of survival by gender
Authors: J. R. Brahmer, R. Gray, J. H. Schiller, M. Perry, A. Sandler, D. Johnson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

7036 Background: E4599 compared carboplatin and paclitaxel (PC) versus carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab (PCB) in patients with advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer. Survival was superior with PCB. However, an unplanned subset analysis did not show a survival benefit for women in the PCB arm. Methods: Patients (pts) in the E4599 database were divided into male (M) and female (F) cohorts by assigned treatment. Survival was calculated separately for each cohort. Known prognostic factors and toxicities were compared by gender. Proportional hazards models (PHM) of survival with multiple factor combinations were fit to adjust for treatment effect for sex, performance status, stage, liver, bone and adrenal involvement, measurable disease, prior radiation therapy, weight loss ≤ 5% and to examine the difference in treatment effect by sex. Results: The analysis includes 850 patients. The median survival for M is 8.7 months (mo) (PC) versus (vs) 11.7 mo (PCB) (p=0.001). The median survival for F is 13.1 mo (PC) vs 13.3 mo (PCB) (p=0.87). On PCB, progression free survival (PFS) for M and F is 6.3 mo and 6.2 mo respectively. Response rate (RR) is 23.6% for M and 38.5% for F. Duration of response is 6.8 mo for both. No demographic differences exist between the two arms for M. A higher proportion of F on the PCB arm have liver metastasis (PCB 23.2% vs PC 11.7%, p=0.003). On the PC arm, the febrile neutropenia rate is higher for M (M 3.1% vs F 0%, p=0.02). On the PCB arm, the adverse events with a gender difference are severe hypertension (M 4.2%, F 9.9%, p=0.02), constipation (M 1.4%, F 4.7%, p=0.05), and abdominal pain (M 0.9%, F 5.2%, p=0.01). The test for a treatment by sex interaction in a PHM for survival has p = 0.04. In the PHM adjusting for the other factors, the estimated treatment hazard ratios are 0.73 for M and 0.97 for F and the test for a sex by treatment interaction has p=0.09. Conclusions: Women on the PCB arm vs the PC arm appear not to have a survival advantage. Reasons for this remain unclear. However, the addition of bevacizumab does result in significant improvements in RR and PFS, arguing in favor of an overall treatment benefit. Further analysis of other demographic information (tumor type and second-line therapy) is ongoing. [Table: see text]
School Air Cleaner Intervention to Improve Indoor Air Quality for Children with Asthma
Authors: Iny Jhun, Jonathan M. Gaffin, Brent A. Coull, Michelle F. Huffaker, Carter Petty, William J. Sheehan, Sachin N. Baxi, Diane R. Gold, Petros Koutrakis, Wanda Phipatanakul
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Association of DNA Methylation Differences With Schizophrenia in an Epigenome-Wide Association Study
Authors: Carolina Montano, Margaret A. Taub, Andrew Jaffe, Eirikur Briem, Jason I. Feinberg, Rakel Trygvadottir, Adrian Idrizi, Arni Runarsson, Birna Berndsen, Ruben C. Gur, Tyler M. Moore, Rodney T. Perry, Doug Fugman, Sarven Sabunciyan, Robert H. Yolken, Thomas M. Hyde, Joel E. Kleinman, Janet L. Sobell, Carlos N. Pato, Michele T. Pato, Rodney C. Go, Vishwajit Nimgaonkar, Daniel R. Weinberger, David Braff, Raquel E. Gur, Margaret Daniele Fallin, Andrew P. Feinberg
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2016)

DNA methylation may play an important role in schizophrenia (SZ), either directly as a mechanism of pathogenesis or as a biomarker of risk.To scan genome-wide DNA methylation data to identify differentially methylated CpGs between SZ cases and controls.Epigenome-wide association study begun in 2008 using DNA methylation levels of 456 513 CpG loci measured on the Infinium HumanMethylation450 array (Illumina) in a consortium of case-control studies for initial discovery and in an independent replication set. Primary analyses used general linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking, batch, and cell type heterogeneity. The discovery set contained 689 SZ cases and 645 controls (n = 1334), from 3 multisite consortia: the Consortium on the Genetics of Endophenotypes in Schizophrenia, the Project among African-Americans To Explore Risks for Schizophrenia, and the Multiplex Multigenerational Family Study of Schizophrenia. The replication set contained 247 SZ cases and 250 controls (n = 497) from the Genomic Psychiatry Cohort.Identification of differentially methylated positions across the genome in SZ cases compared with controls.Of the 689 case participants in the discovery set, 477 (69%) were men and 258 (37%) were non-African American; of the 645 controls, 273 (42%) were men and 419 (65%) were non-African American. In our replication set, cases/controls were 76% male and 100% non-African American. We identified SZ-associated methylation differences at 923 CpGs in the discovery set (false discovery rate, <0.2). Of these, 625 showed changes in the same direction including 172 with P < .05 in the replication set. Some replicated differentially methylated positions are located in a top-ranked SZ region from genome-wide association study analyses.This analysis identified 172 replicated new associations with SZ after careful correction for cell type heterogeneity and other potential confounders. The overlap with previous genome-wide association study data can provide potential insights into the functional relevance of genetic signals for SZ.
Geographic Variation in the Use of Breast-Conserving Treatment for Breast Cancer
Authors: Ann Butler Nattinger, Mark S. Gottlieb, Judith Veum, David Yahnke, James S. Goodwin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

In the past decade there has been an increase in the use of treatment designed to conserve the breast for women with breast cancer. The extent to which such treatment has been adopted in various regions of the country and whether characteristics of hospitals and patients predict its use are not known, however.
A Trial of Topical Acyclovir in Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infections
Authors: Lawrence Corey, Andre J. Nahmias, Mary E. Guinan, Jacqueline K. Benedetti, Cathy W. Critchlow, King K. Holmes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Seventy-seven patients with first episodes of genital herpes and 111 with recurrent episodes were enrolled in a double-blind trial comparing topical acyclovir with a placebo (polyethylene glycol ointment). Among acyclovir-treated patients with first-episode primary genital herpes, the mean duration of viral shedding (4.1 days) and the time to complete crusting of lesions present at the initiation of therapy (7.1 days) were shorter than among placebo recipients (7.0 and 10.5 days, respectively) (P less than 0.05). Acyclovir-treated patients with recurrent herpes had a shorter duration of viral shedding than placebo recipients (0.95 vs. 1.90 days) (P = 0.03). Among the patients with recurrent herpes, acyclovir reduced the time to crusting of lesions in men but had no effect on the symptoms or healing times in women. Topical acyclovir shortens the duration of viral shedding and accelerates healing of some genital herpes simplex virus infections.
Case 1-2001
Authors: Thomas A. Einhorn, G. Petur Nielsen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Presentation of CaseA 26-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a mass in the knee.The patient had been in good health except for a nine-year history of intermittent pain in the right knee. At first the pain occurred only after exertion, especially when he was playing soccer, and then resolved spontaneously. The pain subsequently became more frequent and more intense. Three years before admission, the pain became continuous, although it was less severe after the patient stopped participating in sports. One year before admission, he began to have intense pain in the medial part of the . . .
Carcinogenesis in the Human Urinary Bladder
Authors: Leopold G. Koss, Myron R. Melamed, Andrew Ricci, William F. Melick, R. Emmet Kelly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

EXPOSURE of industrial workers to potent urinary-bladder carcinogens is a quasi-experimental situation that offers a unique opportunity to study the natural history of human cancer. Crabbe and his co-workers1 , 2 adopted periodic cytologic examinations of the urinary sediment as the principal means of follow-up study of these unfortunate people. They demonstrated the reliability and practical value of this technic in the diagnosis of early bladder cancer.Since 1957 we have been studying the cellular makeup of the urinary sediment of a large group of workers exposed to para-aminodiphenyl (xenylamine). This substance was identified as a urinary-bladder carcinogen in dogs by Walpole, . . .
Aldosterone Secretion in Anephric Patients
Authors: Sumanta Mitra, Saul M. Genuth, Leonard B. Berman, Victor Vertes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Serum renin was uniformly absent in 10 anephric patients. Plasma aldosterone concentrations during recumbency were normal with both overhydration and normal hydration. Aldosterone increased significantly after two hours of quiet standing, regardless of hydration. The increase was unrelated to sodium or potassium. A statistical association with an increased cortisol was seen; however, in several subjects, including a steroid-suppressed patient, aldosterone rose distinctly without a corresponding cortisol rise. Dehydration by peritoneal dialysis did not change the recumbent subject's aldosterone levels. ACTH in large doses sharply increased aldosterone in nine of the 10 subjects, including two receiving long-term steroids. We conclude that the renin system plays no part in aldosterone secretion in anephric man. ACTH may be a mediator of the acute postural change, but we suggest there is a still unidentified, additional mechanism for increasing aldosterone. It is triggered by acute volume depletion or other stimulus of quiet standing.
Case 51-1993
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Christine A. Wanke, Anthony R. Mattia
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Presentation of CaseA 36-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with the recent onset of fever spikes and an increase in chronic diarrhea.The patient was known to have the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), with the first demonstration of a positive test for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) five years earlier. Two or three years before admission chronic sinusitis developed and was followed by chronic diarrhea that was believed to be due to cryptosporidiosis. Twenty-eight months before entry he was treated for cryptococcal meningitis with amphotericin B, and he later began long-term suppressive treatment with fluconazole by mouth. . . .
Survival improvement in patients (pts) with small cell lung cancer (SCLC): A historical comparison before and after amrubicin (AMR) approval in Japan.
Authors: S. Niho, K. Kubota, K. Yoh, K. Goto, H. Ohmatsu, Y. Ohe, Y. Nishiwaki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e18105 Background: AMR is a totally synthetic anthracycline and a potent topoisomerase II inhibitor. Recent phase II trials demonstrated that AMR provided promising response rates. AMR was approved for the treatment of lung cancer in December 2002 in Japan. We retrospectively investigated the clinical outcome in pts with SCLC, comparing overall survival before and after AMR approval. Methods: The medical records of SCLC pts who received treatment at the National Cancer Center Hospital East between July 1992 and December 2007 were reviewed. A total of 712 pts received chemotherapy as an initial treatment. 110 pts received AMR. Among them, 107 pts received an initial chemotherapy after 2002. The 712 pts were divided into two groups: group A included pts received an initial chemotherapy between 1992 and 2001 (n=364), and group B included after 2002 (n=348). Results: Pts characteristics including age, gender, PS, and stage (limited or extensive) had no statistical difference among group A and B. Survival was not significantly different in pts with limited disease (LD) between group A and B; however, group B tended to have better survival in pts with extensive disease (ED) (p=0.069). Multivariate analyses in pts with ED demonstrated that group B had significantly longer survival (hazard ratio: 0.783, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.624-0.982). Conclusions: After approval of AMR, survival has been improved especially in pts with ED-SCLC. n Median survival time (months) 95% CI 2- year survival rate (%) 3-year survival rate (%) 5-year survival rate (%) Group A (1992-2001) 364 11.8 10.5-13.1 21 14 9 LD 176 19.4 17.2-21.6 35 24 16 ED 188 9.3 8.36-10.3 8 4 2 Group B (2002-2007) 348 13.9 12.7-15.2 23 16 10 LD 195 17.5 15.0-19.9 32 24 15 ED 153 10.2 8.52-11.8 9 5 3 Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Nippon Kayaku
Abstract 12632: Disruption of Epac1 Decreases Phosphorylation of Phospholamban and Protects the Heart Against Stresses
Authors: Satoshi Okumura, Meihua Jin, Yoshiki Ohnuki, Iyuki Namekata, Reiko Kurotani, Takayuki Fujita, Hui-Ling Jin, Weniqian Cai, Yunzhe Bai, Kenji Suita, Takashi Tsunematsu, Hikaru Tanaka, Yoshihiro Ishikawa
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background Protein kinase A (PKA), or cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase, mediates the phosphorylation of multiple molecules involved in calcium (Ca2+) handling in cardiac myocytes, and thi...
Lifestyle Reduces Sensitization to Food Allergens in Infancy – the Aladdin Cohort
Authors: Sara Fagerstedt, Helena Marell Hesla, Emelie Ekhager, Helen Rosenlund, Axel Mie, Lina Benson, Annika Scheynius, Johan Alm
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Clinical Use of Bone Densitometry
Authors: Jane F. Desforges, C. Conrad Johnston, Charles W. Slemenda, L. Joseph Melton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

IF measurements of bone mass are to be clinically useful, they must be safe, precise, accurate, and of reasonable cost in relation to the information provided. Since when bone mass is low the clinical outcome of concern is fracture, there must be a demonstrated relation between the measurement and the subsequent risk of fracture. The information provided must be helpful to the clinician in making a decision to intervene or not; and if a therapeutic regimen is chosen, it must have a positive influence on health (e.g., a reduction in the incidence of fractures) without an unreasonable increase in other . . .
Anemia Associated with Vitamin D Intoxication
Authors: William B. Scharfman, Simon Propp
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE clinical picture of vitamin D intoxication has been described in detail by a number of observers.1 , 2 Particular emphasis has been given to renal failure and metastatic calcification, with attention also to the laboratory abnormalities present. The importance of establishing the diagnosis, in view of the frequent reversibility of the condition with proper therapy, has also been stressed. This report concerns 4 patients who were seen primarily because of unexplained anemias that were refractory to the usual therapeutic agents and for which there was no apparent etiology. When the specific history of vitamin D intake was obtained the entire clinical . . .
Remission of Essential Hypertension after Renal Transplantation
Authors: John J. Curtis, Robert G. Luke, Harriet P. Dustan, Michael Kashgarian, John D. Whelchel, Patricia Jones, Arnold G. Diethelm
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Six patients in whom "essential hypertension" led to nephrosclerosis and kidney failure received kidney transplants from normotensive donors. After an average follow-up of 4.5 years, all were normotensive and had evidence of reversal of hypertensive damage to the heart and retinal vessels. These six patients, all of whom were black, and six control subjects matched for age, sex, and race were admitted to the General Clinical Research Center for 11 days for observation of their blood pressure and their responses to salt deprivation and salt loading. Mean arterial pressure (±S.E.M.) among the patients who had previously had essential hypertension was similar to that of the normal controls (92±1.9 vs. 94±3.9; P not significant), and both groups had similar responses to salt deprivation and salt loading. Thus, essential hypertension in human beings is shown to be similar to the hypertension seen in spontaneously hypertensive rats in that both can be corrected by transplantation of a kidney from a normotensive donor. This observation supports the concept of the primacy of the kidney in causing essential hypertension. (N Engl J Med 1983; 309:1009–15.)
Prediction of imipramine antidepressant response by a one-day dextro- amphetamine trial
Authors: D P van Kammen, D L Murphy
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

This study provides additional evidence that there is a moderate association between the acute activation, euphoria, and antidepressant responses to dextro-amphetamine and the antidepressant response to imipramine during a four-week trial. Comparison of the responses of 13 patients to dextro-amphetamine on two different days during a double blind trial indicated that differences in dextro-amphetamine response are consistent, replicable characteristics of individual depressed patients. The variables of sex, diagnosis, diurnal mood variation, platelet MAO activity, and MMPI scale scores were of minimal assistance in revealing factors that might be associated with activation or antidepressant responses to dextro-amphetamine in this small patient group. The authors suggest the need for larger-scale studies in this area.