tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Association between Thermotolerant Coliforms in Drinking Water and Diarrhea: An Analysis of Individual–Level Data from Multiple Studies
Authors: James Hodge, Howard H. Chang, Sophie Boisson, Simon M. Collin, Rachel Peletz, Thomas Clasen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Fecally contaminated drinking water is believed to be a major contributor to the global burden of diarrheal disease and a leading cause of mortality among young children. However, recent systematic reviews and results from blinded studies of water quality interventions have raised questions about the risk associated with fecally contaminated water, particularly as measured by thermotolerant coliform (TTC) bacteria, a WHO-approved indicator of drinking water quality.We investigated the association between TTC in drinking water and diarrhea using data from seven previous studies.We obtained individual-level data from available field studies that measured TTC levels in household-drinking water and reported prevalence of diarrhea among household members during the days prior to the visit.The combined data set included diarrhea prevalence for 26,518 individuals and 8,000 water samples from 4,017 households, yielding 45,052 observations. The odds of diarrhea increased for each log10 increase in TTC/100 mL by 18% (95% CI: 11, 26%) for children < 5 years old and 12% (95% CI: 8, 18%) for all ages. For all ages, the odds of diarrhea increased by 21%, 35% and 49% for those whose household water samples were from 11-100, 101-1,000, and > 1,000 TTC/100 mL, respectively compared to < 1 TTC/100 mL. We found no evidence of increased odds of diarrhea with contamination levels below 11 TTC/100 mL, either in adults or children.Our analysis of individual-level data shows increased risk of diarrhea with increasing levels of TTC in drinking water. These results suggest an association between fecally contaminated water and diarrheal disease and provides support for health-based targets for levels of TTC in drinking water and for interventions to improve drinking water quality to prevent diarrhea.Hodge J, Chang HH, Boisson S, Collin SM, Peletz R, Clasen T. 2016. Assessing the association between thermotolerant coliforms in drinking water and diarrhea: an analysis of individual level data from multiple studies. Environ Health Perspect 124:1560-1567; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP156.
Radiation therapy for post-operative recurrence: yes, but only for limited indications
Authors: Dragan Subotic, Paul Van Schil, Bogdan Grigoriu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

We read the correspondence of Cihoric and colleagues related to our editorial with great interest. Radiation therapy, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, is a widely accepted treatment modality for post-operative lung cancer relapse. The focus of our editorial was to increase the awareness of possible repeat intervention in this quite limited patient group with generally poor prognosis [1]. Although the overall message of this correspondence is not debatable, the statement that "the available evidence shows that patients with post-resection recurrent nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can achieve excellent results when treated with radiation therapy alone, or with radio-chemotherapy" is somewhat misleading as we have several concerns related to the evidence supporting the above statement. Radiation therapy remains an alternative treatment option for post-surgical lung cancer relapse <http://ow.ly/GaM43006HDs>
PTU-154 Primary care detection of coeliac disease by means of serology is no better than random population screening: Abstract PTU-154 Table 1
Authors: G Robins, K Chandler
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The prevalence of coeliac disease in the UK is 1%, but only approximately 1 in 6 patients have been diagnosed.<sup>1</sup>NICE Guidelines give a list of indications for testing for coeliac disease.<sup>2</sup>12 months of coeliac serology (anti-tTG) requests in our local laboratory were reviewed to assess variation in serology requesting and detection of coeliac disease across 23 local GP practices. This was compared with requests from secondary care. <h3>Method</h3> All anti-tTG requests, with clinical indications, between December 2013 and December 2014 were obtained from the York Hospital (YH) Laboratory. All positive D2 biopsies were obtained from the YH Pathology Database and were cross-referenced to obtain the crude rate of referral for D2 biopsy. Only newly diagnosed patients were analysed. Categorical data was analysed by means of a Chi-squared contingency table with Yates’ correction. A two-tailed P value of &lt;0.05 was considered significant. <h3>Results</h3> There were a total of 15,183 (male 36%) anti-tTG requests – 11,321 from primary care and 3,862 from secondary care. The most common indications for serological testing were “anaemia” (13%), “no details given” (11.3%), “diarrhoea” (10.5%) and “abdominal pain” (9.2%). “Osteoporosis”, osteomalacia”, “fracture”, or similar was given as a clinical indication for 0% of the requests. 133 (1.2%) of the requests from primary care yielded a positive result compared with 96 (2.5%) of the requests from secondary care (P &lt; 0.0001). Of these 229 patients (38% male), 204 (89%) went on to have a D2 biopsy (mean waiting time 6.6 weeks). Of those biopsied, 191 (94%) had coeliac disease confirmed. Percentage of total practice list size tested for coeliac serology varied from 0.05% to 21.4% with percentage testing positive varying from 0% to 6.51% (see Table 1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> There is poor selection of patients for coeliac serology testing in the community. Better education for checking coeliac serology in poor bone health is needed. The crude positive serology rate in the community was no better than random sampling from the population. This data suggests either the wrong patients are being tested or those with undiagnosed coeliac disease do not have regular contact with primary care. The reasons for variation in crude testing rates need to be explored further. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> West, <i>et al</i>. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014 NICE CG86. May 2009
Phase II trial of combination treatment with paclitaxel, carboplatin and cetuximab (PCE) as first-line treatment in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (CSPOR-HN02).
Authors: Makoto Tahara, Naomi Kiyota, Tomoya Yokota, Yasuhisa Hasegawa, Kei Muro, Shunji Takahashi, Takuma Onoe, Akihiro Homma, Jun Taguchi, Masami Suzuki, Koichi Minato, Katsunari Yane, Shinya Ueda, Hiroki Hara, Ken Saijo, Takeharu Yamanaka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

6026 Background: The standard of care for first-line treatment of recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M SCCHN) is combination treatment with cisplatin, 5-FU and cetuximab (PFE). However, this regimen requires hospitalization to ensure proper hydration and continuous infusion of 5-FU, and causes severe nausea and anorexia. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel, carboplatin and cetuximab (PCE) as first-line treatment in patients with R/M SCCHN. Methods: Eligibility included recurrent and/or metastatic, histologically proven SCC of the oropharynx, oral cavity, hypopharynx or larynx; PS 0-1; adequate organ function; no suitable local therapy for R/M SCCHN; and no prior systemic chemotherapy for R/M SCCHN. Chemotherapy consisted of paclitaxel 100mg/m2 on day 1, 8; carboplatin AUC 2.5 on day 1, 8, repeated every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles; and cetuximab at an initial dose of 400mg/m2, followed by 250mg/m2weekly until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities. Primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints were safety, treatment completion rate, progression-free survival, overall survival, and clinical benefit rate (CBR). Planned sample size was 45 patients. Results: Forty-seven subjects were accrued from July 2013 and Oct 2014. Of 45 evaluable, 40 were male; median age was 63 years; ECOG PS was 0/1 in 23/22 cases; site was the hypopharynx/oropharynx/oral cavity/larynx in 17/11/10/7 cases; and 36/9 cases were smokers/non-smokers, respectively. ORR was 37.8% (95% CI 30.9–48.6). Median overall survival was 14.7 months (95% CI, 12.1–Not Reached) and progression-free survival was 5.2 months (95% CI 3.9–5.6). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events included neutropenia (68%), skin reaction (15%), fatigue (9%) and febrile neutropenia (9%). A potentially treatment-related death occurred in one patient with intestinal pneumonia. Conclusions: The PCE regimen shows promising activity with acceptable toxicity and can be provided in the outpatient clinic. Further studies are needed to compare PCE with PFE in this population. Clinical trial information: UMIN000010507.
Global and regional effects of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with acute stroke in 32 countries (INTERSTROKE): a case-control study
Authors: Martin J O'Donnell, Siu Lim Chin, Sumathy Rangarajan, Denis Xavier, Lisheng Liu, Hongye Zhang, Purnima Rao-Melacini, Xiaohe Zhang, Prem Pais, Steven Agapay, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Albertino Damasceno, Peter Langhorne, Matthew J McQueen, Annika Rosengren, Mahshid Dehghan, Graeme J Hankey, Antonio L Dans, Ahmed Elsayed, Alvaro Avezum, Charles Mondo, Hans-Christoph Diener, Danuta Ryglewicz, Anna Czlonkowska, Nana Pogosova, Christian Weimar, Romaina Iqbal, Rafael Diaz, Khalid Yusoff, Afzalhussein Yusufali, Aytekin Oguz, Xingyu Wang, Ernesto Penaherrera, Fernando Lanas, Okechukwu S Ogah, Adesola Ogunniyi, Helle K Iversen, German Malaga, Zvonko Rumboldt, Shahram Oveisgharan, Fawaz Al Hussain, Daliwonga Magazi, Yongchai Nilanont, John Ferguson, Guillaume Pare, Salim Yusuf
Journal: The Lancet (2016)
The Leper King
Authors: Richard J. Lucariello, Martin Reichel
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
University closes PTSD studies after complaints from drug regulator
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Eight studies into an experimental drug to treat post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been halted by New York University (NYU) and their principal investigator has resigned after a letter from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned that lapses in the conduct of the research jeopardized “subject safety and welfare, and raised concerns about the validity and integrity of the data collected at [the] site.”

The studies, sponsored by Pfizer, were trials of a fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, a drug with effects on cannabinoid receptors, as a potential treatment for distress in patients with traumatic memories.

The FDA warning came in a …
BEP Versus BEAM Conditioning for Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Relapsed Lymphoma. A Single Center Retrospective Review of Two Contemporaneous Cohorts
Authors: Paolo F. Caimi, Ashley Rosko, Pingfu Fu, Huda S. Salman, Tamila L. Kindwall-Keller, Brenda W. Cooper, Hillard M. Lazarus
Journal: Blood (2011)
Limiting prothrombin activation to meizothrombin is compatible with survival but significantly alters hemostasis in mice
Authors: Maureen A. Shaw, Keith W. Kombrinck, Kathryn E. McElhinney, David R. Sweet, Matthew J. Flick, Joseph S. Palumbo, Mei Cheng, Naomi L. Esmon, Charles T. Esmon, Alexander Brill, Denisa D. Wagner, Jay L. Degen, Eric S. Mullins
Journal: Blood (2016)
Pilot Mouse Study of 1 mm Inner Diameter (ID) Vascular Graft Using Electrospun Poly(ester urea) Nanofibers
Authors: Yaohua Gao, Tai Yi, Toshiharu Shinoka, Yong Ung Lee, Darrell H. Reneker, Christopher K. Breuer, Matthew L. Becker
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

An off-the-shelf, small diameter tissue engineered vascular graft (TEVG) would be transformative to surgeons in multiple subspecialties. Herein, the results of a small diameter (ID ≈ 1 mm) vascular graft constructed from resorbable, amino acid-based poly(ester urea) (PEU) are reported. Electrospun PEU grafts of two different wall thicknesses (type A: 250 μm; type B: 350 μm) are implanted as abdominal infra-renal aortic grafts in a severe combined immune deficient/beige mouse model and evaluated for vessel remodeling over one year. Significantly, the small diameter TEVG does not rupture or lead to acute thrombogenic events during the intervals tested. The pilot TEVG in vivo shows long-term patency and extensive tissue remodeling with type A grafts. Extensive tissue remodeling in type A grafts leads to the development of well-circumscribed neovessels with an endothelial inner lining, a neointima containing smooth muscle cells. However, due to slow degradation of the PEU scaffold materials in vivo, the grafts remain after one year. The type B grafts, which have 350 μm thick walls, experience occlusion over the one year interval due to intimal hyperplasia. This study affords significant findings that will guide the design of future generations of small diameter vascular grafts.
Update and Next Steps for Real-World Translation of Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention: Reflections From a Diabetes Care Editors’ Expert Forum
Authors: William T. Cefalu, John B. Buse, Jaakko Tuomilehto, G. Alexander Fleming, Ele Ferrannini, Hertzel C. Gerstein, Peter H. Bennett, Ambady Ramachandran, Itamar Raz, Julio Rosenstock, Steven E. Kahn
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

The International Diabetes Federation estimates that 415 million adults worldwide now have diabetes and 318 million have impaired glucose tolerance. These numbers are expected to increase to 642 million and 482 million, respectively, by 2040. This burgeoning pandemic places an enormous burden on countries worldwide, particularly resource-poor regions. Numerous landmark trials evaluating both intensive lifestyle modification and pharmacological interventions have persuasively demonstrated that type 2 diabetes can be prevented or its onset can be delayed in high-risk individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. However, key challenges remain, including how to scale up such approaches for widespread translation and implementation, how to select appropriately from various interventions and tailor them for different populations and settings, and how to ensure that preventive interventions yield clinically meaningful, cost-effective outcomes. In June 2015, a Diabetes Care Editors’ Expert Forum convened to discuss these issues. This article, an outgrowth of the forum, begins with a summary of seminal prevention trials, followed by a discussion of considerations for selecting appropriate populations for intervention and the clinical implications of the various diagnostic criteria for prediabetes. The authors outline knowledge gaps in need of elucidation and explore a possible new avenue for securing regulatory approval of a prevention-related indication for metformin, as well as specific considerations for future pharmacological interventions to delay the onset of type 2 diabetes. They conclude with descriptions of some innovative, pragmatic translational initiatives already under way around the world.
Bortezomib Yields High Response Rates in Antibody-Mediated Autoimmune Hematological Diseases Refractory to Conventional Immunosuppression
Authors: Sumita Ratnasingam, Patricia A. Walker, Huy Tran, Zane Kaplan, James David McFadyen, Huyen Tran, Tse-Chieh Teh, Erica M. Wood, John V. Catalano, Stephen Opat, Jake Shortt
Journal: Blood (2015)
The Sicilian gambit. A new approach to the classification of antiarrhythmic drugs based on their actions on arrhythmogenic mechanisms. Task Force of the Working Group on Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology.
Journal: Circulation (1991)

The Queen's Gambit is an opening move in chess that provides a variety of aggressive options to the player electing it. This report represents a similar gambit (the 'Sicilian Gambit') on the part of a group of basic and clinical investigators who met in Taormina, Sicily, to consider the classification of antiarrhythmic drugs. Paramount to their considerations were (1) dissatisfaction with the options offered by existing classification systems for inspiring and directing research, development and therapy, (2) the disarray in the field of antiarrhythmic drug development and testing in this post-CAST era, and (3) the desire to provide an operational framework for consideration of antiarrhythmic drugs that will both encourage advancement and have the plasticity to grow as a result of the advances that occur. The multifaceted approach suggested is, like the title of the manuscript, a gambit. It is an opening rather than a compendium, and is intended to challenge thought and investigation rather than to resolve issues. The manuscript incorporates first, a discussion of the shortcomings of the present system for drug classification; second, a review of the molecular targets on which drugs act (including channels and receptors); third, a consideration of the mechanisms responsible for arrhythmias, including the identification of 'vulnerable parameters' that might be most accessible to drug effect; and finally, clinical considerations with respect to antiarrhythmic drugs. Information relating to the various levels of information is correlated across categories (i.e., clinical arrhythmias, cellular mechanisms and molecular targets), and a 'spread sheet' approach to antiarrhythmic action is presented that considers each drug as a unit, with similarities to and dissimilarities from other drugs being highlighted. A complete reference list for this work would require as many pages as the text itself. For this reason, referencing is selective and incomplete. It is designed, in fact, to provide sufficient background information to give the interested reader a starting frame of reference, rather than to recognize the complete body of literature that is the basis for this paper.
Percutaneous laser application using the SpyGlass system in a patient with intrahepatic lithiasis, liver cirrhosis, and surgically altered anatomy
Authors: Félix Téllez-Ávila, Gilberto Duarte-Medrano, Francisco Valdovinos-Andraca, Víctor Gallardo-Cabrera, David Herrera-Mora
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

A 35-year-old woman underwent a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in 2001 for a bile duct injury that occurred during a cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis. After the surgery, she began to experience episodes of relapsing cholangitis, approximately once a year, which were treated with antibiotics. However, from 2012 onwards, the episodes of cholangitis increased in frequency to five or six episodes per year, including some episodes that required prolonged hospitalization of up to 2 months. In 2014 she was referred to our hospital, where she was found to have clinical evidence of chronic liver disease that was classified as secondary biliary cirrhosis, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) revealed multiple left intrahepatic stones ([Fig. 1]).
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify actionable genomic alterations (GA) in “pan-negative” lung adenocarcinomas (ADC) from patients with no smoking or a light smoking (NS/LS) history.
Authors: Alexander E. Drilon, Lu Wang, Maria E. Arcila, Eun Jung Cho, Sohail Balasubramanian, Joel R. Greenbowe, Jeffrey S. Ross, Phil Stephens, Doron Lipson, Vincent A. Miller, Mark G. Kris, Marc Ladanyi, Naiyer A. Rizvi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

8029 Background: Testing for an increasing number of biomarkers has become essential to the care of lung ADC patients (pts). This commonly requires multiple technologies and often is limited by inadequate tissue. Hybrid capture-based targeted NGS has the ability to identify relevant GAs in a single test. We undertook this study to estimate the frequency of GAs in “pan-negative” lung ADC pts with NS/LS history. Methods: Eligible pts had ≤15 pack-year smoking history (high likelihood of undetected GA) and advanced lung ADC that were “pan-negative” for mutations (EGFR, ERBB2, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, MAP2K1, PIK3CA, and AKT1 by hotspot testing and/or multiplex sizing assays) and fusions (ALK, ROS1, and RET by break apart FISH). Tumor required contained ≥20% tumor nuclei on FFPE material yielding ≥50 ng of DNA. NGS was performed by hybridization capture of coding exons in 287 cancer-related genes and 47 introns in 19 frequently rearranged genes (Foundation Medicine). Results: 34 pts were eligible. Previous testing required additional biopsies in 71% (n=24/34). Tissue exhaustion precluded testing in 9 of 34 pts (26%) and NGS was successfully performed in 25 pts. NGS uncovered ≥1 GA in 92% (n=23/25) of cases [median 3; 42% base substitution, 35% amplification (amp), 10% fusions, 9% in/del, 4% homozygous loss]. NGS uncovered an actionable GA with a targeted agent based on NCCN guidelines in 36% (n=9/25: EGFR G719A, EGFR L747P, ERBB2 exon 20 ins, BRAF V600E, SOCS5-ALK, CD74-ROS1, KIF5B-RET, CCDC6-RET, MET amp), and a targeted agent available on a clinical trial in 32% (n=8/25: 2 EGFR exon 18 del, FGFR1 T141R, KRAS Q61H, BRCA1 E1011K, MDM2 amp, CDK4 amp, CDKN2A loss) of pts. A GA not previously detected in lung ADCs (SHC2-ERBB2) was found in 1 pt. Reasons why non-NGS testing had not detected these GAs include lower sensitivity, test failure, use of different biopsies, technical issues, and complex or intrachromosomal rearrangements undetectable by FISH. Conclusions: NGS identified actionable GAs in 68% of NS/LS pts with “pan-negative” lung ADCs. This suggests that initial profiling of lung ADCs using NGS may be a more efficient and sensitive strategy.
Harmonized Testing for BCR-ABL Kinase Domain Mutations In CML: Results of a Survey and First Control Round within 28 National Reference Laboratories In Europe
Authors: Thomas Ernst, Feng Lin, Helen E White, Paul La Rosée, Thomas Lion, Gerlinde Mitterbauer-Hohendanner, Peter Vandenberghe, Renata Zadro, Katerina Machova Polakova, Radek Plachy, Charlotte Guldborg Nyvold, Tuija Lundán, Jean-Michel Cayuela, Thoralf Lange, Martin C. Müller, Katerina Zoi, Hajnalka Andrikovics, Tali Tohami, Fabrizio Pane, Simona Soverini, Francesca Arruga, Lene Eggen, Tomasz Sacha, Joana Diamond, Rodica Talmaci, Tadej Pajic, Dolors Colomer, Monica Hermanson, Elisabeth Oppliger Leibundgut, Peter J. M. Valk, Ugur Ozbek, Gareth Gerrard, Giuseppe Saglio, Andreas Hochhaus, Nicholas C.P. Cross
Journal: Blood (2010)
A Phase I Open-Label, Multi-Dose Escalation Study of the Dual Syk/Jak Inhibitor PRT062070 (Cerdulatinib) in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory B Cell Malignancies
Authors: Manish Patel, Paul Hamlin, Donald K Strickland, Anjali Pandey, Greg Coffey, Janet M Leeds, Gallia G. Levy, John T. Curnutte, Nina Wagner-Johnston, Ian W. Flinn
Journal: Blood (2014)