tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dual Block with Lapatinib and Trastuzumab Versus Single-Agent Trastuzumab Combined with Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Treatment of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Matteo Clavarezza, Matteo Puntoni, Alessandra Gennari, Laura Paleari, Nicoletta Provinciali, Mauro D'Amico, Andrea DeCensi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

(Neo)adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy plus trastuzumab reduces recurrence and death risk in HER2-positive (HER2(+)) breast cancer. Randomized trials assessed HER2 dual block by adding lapatinib to trastuzumab and chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting using pathologic complete response (pCR) as the outcome measure. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized trials testing neoadjuvant dual block with lapatinib and trastuzumab versus trastuzumab alone in HER2(+) breast cancer.Trials were identified by Medline (PubMed), ISI Web of Science (Science Citation Index Expanded), Embase, Cochrane library, and reference lists of published studies, review articles, editorials, and by hand-searched reports from major cancer meeting reports.Six randomized trials including 1,155 patients were identified, of whom 483 (41.8%) were hormone receptor-negative, 672 (58.2%) hormone receptor-positive, 534 (46.2%) received taxanes alone, and 621 (53.8%) anthracyclines plus taxanes or the docetaxel-carboplatin regimen. Overall, the dual block was associated with a significant 13% absolute improvement in pCR rate compared with single-agent trastuzumab (summary risk difference, SRD 0.13; 95% CI, 0.08-0.19). The activity was greater in hormone receptor-negative patients who received chemotherapy with taxanes alone (SRD 0.25; 95% CI, 0.13-0.37), compared to hormone receptor-positive or hormone receptor-negative disease treated with anthracyclines plus taxanes or the docetaxel-carboplatin regimen (SRD 0.09; 95% CI, 0.02-0.15; Pinteraction = 0.05).On the basis of ΔpCR data, the dual block with trastuzumab and lapatinib plus chemotherapy is a very active treatment only in HER2(+) and hormone receptor-negative breast cancer treated with taxane monochemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(18); 4594-603. ©2016 AACR.
Reversibility of Inhibition of Interferon-alpha/beta Induction by Benzo[&lt;italic&gt;a&lt;/italic&gt;]pyrene&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: K A Golemboski, G Sonnenfeld
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Mouse L-929 cells were treated with benzo[a]pyrene [(BP) CAS: 50-32-8] for 24 hours. Several cultures of cells were immediately treated with polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:C) to induce interferon-alpha/beta (IFN). Other sets of cultures were washed and allowed to incubate with fresh culture medium for 3-18 hours before addition of poly I:C to induce IFN. The IFN induction was severely inhibited in cells treated with BP and immediately challenged with poly I:C as compared to non-BP-treated cells. Up to a 6-hour delay in addition of poly I:C still resulted in severe inhibition of IFN induction; however, a delay of 9 hours or longer allowed the cells to recover their IFN production capacity. These data indicate that the inhibition of IFN induction by BP was reversible. The number of cells laid down in the cultures was approximately 6 X 10(5). In another experiment, the number of cells laid down in culture was serially decreased in several different cultures. These normal cells were then treated with poly I:C to induce IFN. A 50% decrease in the number of cells was required to reduce IFN production by 50%. In BP-treated L-929 cells, viabilities ranged from 88 to 90%, but IFN induction was inhibited by greater than 50%. These results suggest that toxicity of carcinogens to cells does not play a major role in inhibition of IFN induction by carcinogens.
The Malaria-High Blood Pressure Hypothesis
Authors: Anthony O. Etyang, Liam Smeeth, J. Kennedy Cruickshank, J. Anthony G. Scott
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

Several studies have demonstrated links between infectious diseases and cardiovascular conditions. Malaria and hypertension are widespread in many low- and middle-income countries, but the possible link between them has not been considered.In this article, we outline the basis for a possible link between malaria and hypertension and discuss how the hypothesis could be confirmed or refuted.We reviewed published literature on factors associated with hypertension and checked whether any of these were also associated with malaria. We then considered various study designs that could be used to test the hypothesis. Malaria causes low birth weight, malnutrition, and inflammation, all of which are associated with hypertension in high-income countries. The hypothetical link between malaria and hypertension can be tested through the use of ecological, cohort, or Mendelian randomization studies, each of which poses specific challenges.Confirmation of the existence of a causative link with malaria would be a paradigm shift in efforts to prevent and control hypertension and would stimulate wider research on the links between infectious and noncommunicable disease.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Detection of Human Breast Tumors
Authors: W. M. M. J. Bovée, K. W. Getreuer, J. Smidt, J. Lindeman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Malignant, benign, and normal breast tissues corrected for fat appeared to have similar nuclear magnetic proton spin-lattice relaxation times, contrary to previously published reports. However, due to a lower fat content, benign and malignant tumors relaxed more slowly than the surrounding normal tissue. This provides a possibility for locating them (but not for discriminating between them) in a breast by the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging technique zeugmatography.
125O First-in-human study of oral S 49076, a MET/AXL/FGFR inhibitor, in advanced solid tumors
Authors: S. Postel-Vinay, A. Hollebecque, J.-C. Soria, S. Balandraud, K. Brendel, V. Cattan, A. Jacquet-Bescond, N. Lopez Busto, S. Malasse, L. Marfai, J. Pauly, L. Prudkin, A. Azaro, J. Rodon
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Effects of Diethylnitrosamine and Cigarette Smoke on Hamsters2
Authors: Alfred P. Wehner, Robert H. Busch, Richard J. Olson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

One hundred two 2-month-old male Syrian hamsters received 12 weekly sc injections of 0.25 mg diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Half the animals were also exposed for 10 minutes to cigarette smoke in Hamburg II-type smoking machines, three times per day, 5 days per week, for their life-span. The other half received sham exposure. Two additional groups of 51 hamsters each, serving as controls, received either only smoke or sham smoke exposures. The DEN treatment resulted in a significant increase (P less than 0.01) in epithelial lesions of the larynx, including laryngeal papillomas. Cigarette smoke inhalation had a significant (P less than 0.01) potentiating effect on the incidence of these lesions. We did not observe the high incidence of tumors of the nasal cavity, trachea, and the lower respiratory tract, or a significant development of malignant tumors, reported by several other investigators. The life-spans of the animals were unaffected by DEN and significantly increased (P less than 0.01) by exposure to smoke. The smoke-exposed groups had significantly lower mean body weights than their sham smoke-exposed cohorts.
Short term increase in neuropsychiatric events is seen withH pyloritreatment containing clarithromycin
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2016)

People taking a Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment containing clarithromycin may have a short term higher risk of neuropsychiatric events than before and after treatment, a retrospective analysis of routinely collected health data from Hong Kong has shown.1

Researchers studied data from the Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System database, which collects anonymised hospital and outpatient clinic data on more than seven million Hong Kong residents. They studied patients aged over 18 who …
The Comparison Of Clinical Outcomes Between Matched Sibling Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunosuppressive Treatment As a First-Line Treatment For Adult Patients With Severe Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Seung-Hwan Shin, Jung-Ho Kim, Young-Woo Jeon, Jae-Ho Yoon, Seung-Ah Yahng, Sung-Eun Lee, Byung-Sik Cho, Ki-Sung Eom, Yoo-Jin Kim, Seok Lee, Chang-Ki Min, Hee-Je Kim, Seok-Goo Cho, Dong-Wook Kim, Woo-Sung Min, Chong-Won Park, Jong-Wook Lee
Journal: Blood (2013)
Toxicities and doses of chemotherapy drugs in hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC).
Authors: Samuel Danial Pandiyan, Samuel J. Friedman, Wim P. Ceelen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e13524 Background: Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemoperfusion (HIPEC) to treat mucinous intra-abdominal tumors began in 1980.1 More recently, the combination of complete cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC is stated to provide the best chance for long-term survival for selected patients diagnosed with a variety of peritoneal neoplasms, either primary or secondary to the peritoneum. Optimal drug and dosage in HIPEC is yet to be determined and has been poorly described in the literature. We have analyzed and compared the toxicities of different chemotherapy drugs at different dosages — namely, oxaliplatin (OX), cisplatin (CP) and mitomycin C (MMC) used in HIPEC. Methods: Analysis of 228 consecutive patients treated at Ghent University Hospital with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) following maximum reductive surgery from 9/1998 to 9/2013, was performed for toxicities of various doses of OX, CP and MMC. Pre and post-HIPEC values of hemoglobin, total white blood cell, platelets, partial thromboplastin time (PTT), creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamlytransferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphate (ALK were analyzed for chemotherapy dosages used of; OX 200 mg/m2 and 460 mg/m2, CP 100 mg/m2 to 250 mg/m2 and MMC 35 mg/m2. Pre and 10 day post-HIPEC values were compared by “Paired T -Test”. Results: A significant correlation (P < 0.05) was observed with some chemotherapy drugs and anemia, thrombocytopenia, and elevations of AST, ALT, GGT and ALK. Hematologically, OX 460 mg/m² was least toxic with CP 100 mg/m² and 120 mg/m² the most toxic. MMC was least hepatotoxic and OX 200 mg/m² and CP 200 and 250 mg/m² showed the highest liver enzyme elevations. Toxicity of all regimes was mild with only two grade 4 toxicities. Conclusions: Toxicity was not dose related with OX 200 mg/m² and OX 460 mg/m² demonstrating the lowest overall toxicity. Future randomized studies are required to determine which drug and what doses yield the most favorable response rate.
A high-quality carrot genome assembly provides new insights into carotenoid accumulation and asterid genome evolution
Authors: Massimo Iorizzo, Shelby Ellison, Douglas Senalik, Peng Zeng, Pimchanok Satapoomin, Jiaying Huang, Megan Bowman, Marina Iovene, Walter Sanseverino, Pablo Cavagnaro, Mehtap Yildiz, Alicja Macko-Podgórni, Emilia Moranska, Ewa Grzebelus, Dariusz Grzebelus, Hamid Ashrafi, Zhijun Zheng, Shifeng Cheng, David Spooner, Allen Van Deynze, Philipp Simon
Journal: Nature Genetics (2016)

Philipp Simon, Massimo Iorizzo, Allen Van Deynze and colleagues report the high-quality assembly of the carrot genome, providing an important resource for crop improvement. They find a candidate gene that regulates carotenoid accumulation and gain further insights into asterid genome evolution, including characterization of two new polyploidization events. We report a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly and analysis of the carrot (Daucus carota) genome, the first sequenced genome to include a comparative evolutionary analysis among members of the euasterid II clade. We characterized two new polyploidization events, both occurring after the divergence of carrot from members of the Asterales order, clarifying the evolutionary scenario before and after radiation of the two main asterid clades. Large- and small-scale lineage-specific duplications have contributed to the expansion of gene families, including those with roles in flowering time, defense response, flavor, and pigment accumulation. We identified a candidate gene, DCAR_032551, that conditions carotenoid accumulation (Y) in carrot taproot and is coexpressed with several isoprenoid biosynthetic genes. The primary mechanism regulating carotenoid accumulation in carrot taproot is not at the biosynthetic level. We hypothesize that DCAR_032551 regulates upstream photosystem development and functional processes, including photomorphogenesis and root de-etiolation.
There's a Time Bomb in Your Chest
Authors: Jack Coulehan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Ad Libitum3 May 2016There's a Time Bomb in Your ChestJack Coulehan, MD, MPHJack Coulehan, MD, MPHFrom Coram, New York.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M16-0331 Audio Reading - “There's a Time Bomb in Your Chest” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "There's a Time Bomb in Your Chest," by J. Coulehan. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Walking to your office, my bodythrummed basso continuo belowcompeting fragments and motifsin my consciousness. Some dissonant,some sweet—each theme comfortablymine. My organs contributed nothing.My pancreas, silent. My spleen, mute.Body parts played pantomime behindmy back, until I discovereda time bomb was ticking in my chest.Normality went up in smokeat the thought the device might tripat any minute. How could treacherylike this have taken place inside me?Should I have listened more carefullyto the contrabassoon? No tellingthe second it's set for, no tellinghow stable its components. My dreadis deafening. They often eruptwithout warning, you repeatas you swivel to study the report. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Coram, New York.Current Author Address: Jack Coulehan, MD, MPH; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “There's a Time Bomb in Your Chest” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "There's a Time Bomb in Your Chest," by J. Coulehan. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 3 May 2016Volume 164, Issue 9Page: 632KeywordsConsciousnessPancreasSpleenThoraxWalking ePublished: 3 May 2016 Issue Published: 3 May 2016 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2016 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Adjuvant interferon alfa-2b for high-risk melanoma.
Authors: S Retsas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1996.14.6.1968 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 8656272 Adjuvant interferon alfa-2b for high-risk melanoma. S RetsasxS RetsasSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1996.14.6.1968 PDF "Adjuvant interferon alfa-2b for high-risk melanoma.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 14(6), pp. 1968–1969© 1996 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Dilation of the Aorta Ascendens Forms Part of the Clinical Spectrum of HCN4 Mutations
Authors: Alexa M.C. Vermeer, Elisabeth M. Lodder, Dierk Thomas, Floor A.M. Duijkers, Carlo Marcelis, Edwin O.F. van Gorselen, Philipp Fortner, Sebastian J. Buss, Derliz Mereles, Hugo A. Katus, Arthur A.M. Wilde, Connie R. Bezzina, S. Matthijs Boekholdt, Patrick A. Schweizer, Imke Christiaans
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Implications of Proposed Medicare Reforms to Counteract High Cancer Drug Prices
Authors: Sham Mailankody, Vinay Prasad
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Australia will price out cigarettes with 50% tax rise over four years
Authors: Michael Woodhead
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Australia is to continue its aggressive tobacco taxation policy with a further four rounds of 12.5% yearly increases that will hike the price of a pack of cigarettes from the current level of US$20 (£13.80; €17.40) to around US$30 by 2020.

Health groups have welcomed the move by the Liberal Party led coalition government to continue the strong anti-tobacco policies introduced by its Labor predecessor in 2010, which have already seen smoking rates tumble to 12.8% of adults.

Sanchia Aranda, chief executive of Cancer Council Australia, said, “The increase in tobacco tax alone will translate to tens of thousands of cancer deaths avoided, with trend data showing that the recurrent increases will lead to around 320 000 smokers quitting and 40 000 …
Comprehensive Drug Testing of Patient-derived Conditionally Reprogrammed Cells from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Khalid Saeed, Vesa Rahkama, Samuli Eldfors, Dmitry Bychkov, John Patrick Mpindi, Bhagwan Yadav, Lassi Paavolainen, Tero Aittokallio, Caroline Heckman, Krister Wennerberg, Donna M. Peehl, Peter Horvath, Tuomas Mirtti, Antti Rannikko, Olli Kallioniemi, Päivi Östling, Taija M. af Hällström
Journal: European Urology (2016)

Technology development to enable the culture of human prostate cancer (PCa) progenitor cells is required for the identification of new, potentially curative therapies for PCa.We established and characterized patient-derived conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRCs) to assess their biological properties and to apply these to test the efficacies of drugs.CRCs were established from seven patient samples with disease ranging from primary PCa to advanced castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). The CRCs were characterized by genomic, transcriptomic, protein expression, and drug profiling.The phenotypic quantification of the CRCs was done based on immunostaining followed by image analysis with Advanced Cell Classifier using Random Forest supervised machine learning. Copy number aberrations (CNAs) were called from whole-exome sequencing and transcriptomics using in-house pipelines. Dose-response measurements were used to generate multiparameter drug sensitivity scores using R-statistical language.We generated six benign CRC cultures which all had an androgen receptor-negative, basal/transit-amplifying phenotype with few CNAs. In three-dimensional cell culture, these cells could re-express the androgen receptor. The CRCs from a CRPC patient (HUB.5) displayed multiple CNAs, many of which were shared with the parental tumor. We carried out high-throughput drug-response studies with 306 emerging and clinical cancer drugs. Using the benign CRCs as controls, we identified the Bcl-2 family inhibitor navitoclax as the most potent cancer-specific drug for the CRCs from a CRPC patient. Other drug efficacies included taxanes, mepacrine, and retinoids.Comprehensive cancer pharmacopeia-wide drug testing of CRCs from a CRPC patient highlighted both known and novel drug sensitivities in PCa, including navitoclax, which is currently being tested in clinical trials of CRPC.We describe an approach to generate patient-derived cancer cells from advanced prostate cancer and apply such cells to discover drugs that could be applied in clinical trials for castration-resistant prostate cancer.
NLRP3 recruitment by NLRC4 during <i>Salmonella</i> infection
Authors: Yan Qu, Shahram Misaghi, Kim Newton, Allie Maltzman, Anita Izrael-Tomasevic, David Arnott, Vishva M. Dixit
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2016)

NLRC4 and NLRP3, of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family of intracellular proteins, are expressed in innate immune cells and are thought to nucleate distinct inflammasome complexes that promote caspase-1 activation, secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and a form of cell death termed pyroptosis. We show that NLRP3 associates with NLRC4 in macrophages infected with Salmonella typhimurium or transfected with flagellin. The significance of the interaction between the NLRC4 NACHT domain and NLRP3 was revealed when Nlrc4(S533A/S533A) bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) expressing phosphorylation site mutant NLRC4 S533A had only a mild defect in caspase-1 activation when compared with NLRC4-deficient BMDMs. NLRC4 S533A activated caspase-1 by recruiting NLRP3 and its adaptor protein ASC. Thus, Nlrc4(S533A/S533A) Nlrp3(-/-) BMDMs more closely resembled Nlrc4(-/-) BMDMs in their response to S. typhimurium or flagellin. The interplay between NLRP3 and NLRC4 reveals an unexpected overlap between what had been considered distinct inflammasome scaffolds.
Understanding the feasibility and implications of implementing early peanut introduction for prevention of peanut allergy
Authors: Jennifer J. Koplin, Rachel L. Peters, Shyamali C. Dharmage, Lyle Gurrin, Mimi L.K. Tang, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Melanie Matheson, Alkis Togias, Gideon Lack, Katrina J. Allen, Katrina Allen, Melissa Wake, Shyamali Dharmage, Mimi Tang, Lyle Gurrin, Melanie Matheson, Adrian Lowe, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, David Hill
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
A placebo-controlled study of lithium combined with neuroleptics in chronic schizophrenic patients
Authors: J G Small, J J Kellams, V Milstein, J Moore
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

Lithium combined with major tranquilizers was administered to 22 hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients with minimal neurotoxicity or other side effects. Moreover, 10 of the patients benefited significantly with lithium as compared to placebo in terms of blind psychiatric and nursing ratings and nonblind clinical judgments of outcome. These results contrast with previous negative reports in the literature and the generally poor prognosis in chronic schizophrenic patients. The authors suggest that a trial combining lithium with psychotropic drugs is warranted in schizophrenic patients who do not respond satisfactorily to conventional treatment