tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Nucleoprotein Complement-Fixation Test in the Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Raymond Scalettar, Donald M. Marcus, Lois A. Simonton, Louis H. Muschel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

A gamma-globulin factor in the serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus that reacts with isolated cell nuclei1 or nucleoprotein2 , 3 has been detected in many ways.4 The standard method of demonstrating this factor remains the L.E.-cell test, which is a complex process involving the reaction of a component of the cell nucleus with the serum lupuserythematosus factor and subsequent phagocytosis of the altered nuclear material.5 Other methods for the detection of antinuclear antibodies have proved useful both clinically and in immunologic investigations. These include the identification of gamma globulin present on cell nuclei by measurement of its ability to decrease . . .
Can the Heart Repair Itself?
Authors: Robert S. Schwartz, Gregory D. Curfman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Bone marrow, the liver, and intestinal epithelium can regenerate, but the conventional teaching is that the heart cannot, because cardiac myocytes cannot divide. Consequently, it is generally accepted that the basis of cardiac enlargement and remodeling in response to disease or excessive work is an increase in the size of individual heart cells (hypertrophy) but not in their number (hyperplasia).Hypertrophy is a beneficial response to the demand for increased cardiac work, but it has drawbacks. Since myocytes cannot enlarge indefinitely, the extent to which the heart can adapt through hypertrophy has intrinsic limits. A sustained hemodynamic overload may end . . .
Sickling of Erythrocytes in a Patient with Thalassemia-Hemoglobin-I Disease
Authors: Jean Atwater, I. Robert Schwartz, Allan J. Erslev, Thaddeus L. Montgomery, Leandro M. Tocantins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

IN 1955 Rucknagel et al.1 described a new abnormal hemoglobin in a Negro family in North Carolina. This hemoglobin, designated "I", migrated more rapidly than normal hemoglobin on filter-paper electrophoresis at pH 8.6, and constituted about 20 per cent of the total hemoglobin present. The following report concerns a patient with a similar I-A electrophoretic hemoglobin pattern in whom the I hemoglobin constitutes 70 per cent of the total hemoglobin. Despite the absence of S hemoglobin in the red cells of this patient, the sodium metabisulfite sickling test was found to be positive.2 Clinical DataJ.W., a twenty-five-year-old Negro woman, . . .
PWE-118 Hepatitis b testing practice: how widespread is household contact tracing?
Authors: S Mathew, M Pericleous, L Al-Hillawi, D O'Dowd, M Nicholls, M Atkins, K Cheent, P Berry, H Lewis, A Ala
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Contact tracing in hepatitis B (HBV) is nationally and internationally advocated. Acute HBV is managed by Public Health England (PHE). However, the expectation and responsibility for contact tracing in chronic HBV lies predominately with primary care, with no formal implementation strategy or monitoring system in place. <h3>Method</h3> The Surrey Pathology Partnership serves over 1 million individuals in South East England. We collected laboratory data from the past 10 years on all Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg), and Core Antibody (total HBcAb) testing requests, to assess the uptake and efficacy of contact-tracing amongst those with HBV. We identified address and postcode data from hospital and community-based testing requests (excluding anonymised GUM data) to identify those individuals who had undergone household contact-testing for HBV. <h3>Results</h3> In total, 119,873 HBV (HBcAb +/- HBsAg) tests were undertaken between Jan 2005 and Jan 2015; 69,256 HBsAg tests (+/- cAb) were subsequently identified with appropriate address and postcode information. HBsAg was detected (positive) in 851/69,256 laboratory requests (0.01%); median age 36 years, Female 55%, with 661 individual patients diagnosed with HBV in this period (HBcAb+ 77%). Clinical indications for testing and the requesting speciality were poorly documented, but antenatal HBV testing was the predominant indication/specialty with 23,719 requests. 159/661(24%) of HBsAg-positive cases were detected in primary care, 395/661 (60%) in Hospital outpatients (Gastro/Hepatology); 10/661 (1.5%) in Antenatal services and 3/661 (0.45%) in Prisons. 814 unique patient addresses were identified for 661 HBV positive patients; 54 HBV positive patients shared the same address (26 households, range 2–3/household), with an additional 203 negative HBsAg requests made in the remaining household contacts, with HBcAb evident in 18% of these individuals. <h3>Conclusion</h3> NICE public health recommendations were issued in late 2012 to guide HBV testing practice, but its uptake is thought to be poor, and our data highlights the deficits that exist in contact-tracing, with close to 70% of household-contacts not offered testing. Although there are data-deficits to using recorded laboratory data, it provides a readily available and reproducible format to identify and monitor regional contact-testing practice. We hope to use this format to guide and monitor regional testing strategies. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Use of Living Attenuated Measles-Virus Vaccine in Early Infancy
Authors: Joseph Stokes, Charles M. Reilly, Maurice R. Hilleman, Eugene B. Buynak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

ENDERS and his associates1 2 3 4 have described the recovery of measles virus in human and animal-cell cultures and the propagation of the virus in embryonated hen's eggs and in cultures of chick embryo. Virus grown in tissue culture was characterized by marked attenuation of virulence for monkeys, failing to cause clinical illness, detectable viremia or recognizable changes in the central nervous system. Such attenuated virus induced only mild clinical illness in children inoculated subcutaneously. Neutralizing and complement-fixing antibodies against measles developed in the recipients in titers comparable to those of convalescents from natural measles.The present study was undertaken to determine . . .
AB0947 Clinical Significance of Rare Antinuclear Antibody Patterns in Fibromyalgia Patients
Authors: H.-S. Kim, Y.S. Kim
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Autoantibodies, especially antinuclear (ANAs) and anticytoplasmatic antibodies are essential diagnosing markers for several autoimmune diseases. ANA can sometimes also be found in organ-specific autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythrmatosus. Fibromyalgia (FM) is a common disease characterized by chronic widespread pain and various manifestations. There has been reported high prevalence of psychosomatic distress, comorbidity, inflammatory autoimmune characteristics. Despite of its high prevalence, there is still no standardized laboratory test to suggest FMG or its severity. <h3>Objectives</h3> Anti-dense fine speckled 70 (Anti-DFS70) antibodies were initially identified as an ANA from a patient with interstitial cystitis. Anti-DFS70 antibodies are found in 10% of healthy individuals, but only in a tiny population of with autoimmune rheumatic disease. These autoantibodies do not suggest any specific rheumatic disease. But there is no report in FM patients. <h3>Methods</h3> It was based on the 80 fibromyalgia patients over the age of 20 who visited the two University hospitals from August 2008 to January 2013 and for the disease comparison group of 17 systemic lupus erythematosus patients, for the normal comparison group of 19 healthy individuals who have not been diagnosed systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease and without diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cerebral infarction, cardiovascular disease, infectious disease and chronic disease like cancer. Especially for physical measurement like height, weight and BMI and disease duration, tender point, FIQ (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire), VAS (Visual Analogue Scale), somatic symptom and anti-DFS70 antibodies were measured and the American college of rheumatology 1990 classification criteria of FM was used to diagnose. <h3>Results</h3> In this research, in the group with fibromyalgia patients group, systemic lupus erythematosus patients group and normal control group, they were evaluated for anti-DFS70 antibodies differences but statistically, between the three groups, there were high prevalence of anti-DFS70 antibodies in FM group. We checked relativity between anti-DFS70 antibodies and age, height, weight, BMI, disease duration, tender point, FIQ, VAS, and somatic symptom which were evaluated and statistically, they were confirmed to show the positive correlation between anti-DFS70 antibodies and VAS. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The anti-DFS70 antibody is atypical pattern of ANA that shows availability in the diagnosing of the FM. Moreover, a large-scale research should be processed for the confirmation that reflected the positive correlation between anti-DFS70 antibodies and other clinical manifestations. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
EPID-23UNDERSTANDING INHERITED GENETIC RISK OF ADULT GLIOMA - A REVIEW
Authors: Terri Rice, Daniel Lachance, Annette Molinaro, Jeanette Eckel-Passow, Kyle Walsh, Jill Barnholtz-Sloan, Quinn Ostrum, Stephen Francis, Joseph Wiemels, Robert Jenkins, John Wiencke, Margaret Wrensch
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Over the past six years, researchers have made major progress identifying inherited genetic variation that increases risk for primary adult glioma. Ten independent inherited variants in eight chromosomal regions have been convincingly associated with increased risk for adult glioma. We present a meta-analysis of these findings. Although most of these variants increase relative risk of primary adult glioma by 20% to 40%, the TP53 variant rs78378222 confers a two-fold relative risk (i.e. 200%), and rs557505857 on chromosome 8 confers a six-fold relative risk of IDH mutated astrocytomas and oligodendroglial tumors (i.e. 600%). Even with a six-fold relative risk, we show that the lifetime risk of adult glioma is too low for screening for the high-risk variant on chromosome 8. Furthermore, we show variants associated with specific histologic types of glioma and with molecular groups of glioma defined by tumor IDH mutation, TERT promoter mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion.
The long term side effects of adjuvant carboplatin for stage 1 seminoma
Authors: T. Powles, T. Oliver, M. Ostrowski, J. Levay, J. Shamash, M. Williams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

5089 Background: Radiotherapy is associated with an increase of second cancer and cardiovascular disease. Because of difficulties in detecting recurrence on surveillance which can occur out to 10 years, this unit has developed Carboplatin as the treatment for these patients and this abstract summarises late events in these 3 cohorts. Methods: Radiation therapy consisted of para-aortic and pelvis treatment (3,000 cGy). This occurred between 1960 and 1978. Surveillance began in 1980 and Carboplatin studies in 1984 with 2 courses of 450 mg/m 2 being standard until 1987 when 1 course AUC × 7 was introduced and with increased confidence became standard. Results: Seventy-eight patients were treated with radiotherapy (median follow up 17 years). Overall mortally was 24% at 20 years compared with expected 10%. Death from germ cell cancer was 4.0%, deaths from 2 nd non-germ cell cancer were 13%, and deaths from other causes was 7.0%. For surveillance (n=110, median follow up 9.8 years) there were 1.7% deaths, with no germ cell or non-germ cell cancer related deaths., and 1.7% deaths due to non cancer. Carboplatin (n=186, median follow up 9.5 years 97&gt;10 yrs, and 38 &gt;15 yrs) was associated with 98% survival at 10 years with 0 deaths due to GCC (3% relapse all before 3 years) 1% due to second non-GCC cancer and 1% to other causes. Conclusion: The numbers of cases are too small to be absolutely confident of these figures. However, this data suggests there are no late relapses and no excess of cancer or cardiovascular deaths in the single agent carboplatin cohort. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
P277 PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE IN AN ADULT CYSTIC FIBROSIS POPULATION: INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HRR AT ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD AND FEV1% PREDICTED
Authors: G Comber
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal, recessive disease characterised by a mutation or dysfunction. Patients suffer a number of complications caused by poor sodium and chloride transport across cell membranes leading to viscous secretions. The disease is life limiting and around 85% of these early deaths are a result of respiratory failure with the most accurate prognosis marker being maximum volume of oxygen utilisation (VO<sub>2 max</sub>). This parameter is affected by a number of factors and can be increased or preserved through correct exercise prescription. For maximal benefits exercise should be targeted around anaerobic threshold however this is not easily identifiable during regular activities. <h3>Method</h3> 15 patients with CF underwent Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to establish whether there was a significant correlation between Forced Expiratory Volume in one second percent predicted (FEV<sup>1</sup>%) and Heart Rate Reserve (HRR) at Anaerobic Threshold (AT) as a method of giving an easily monitored parameter (Heart Rate) as a target during exercise, for a given severity of lung disease, to gain maximal benefits from the activity. <h3>Results</h3> The correlation between FEV<sup>1</sup>% and HRR at AT was found to be very weak, r (13) = 0.269, p &gt; 0.05 however there was a strong correlation between FEV1% and Maximum volume of utilised oxygen percent Predicted (VO<sub>2 max</sub>%), r (13) = 0.601, p &lt; 0.05. <h3>Discussion</h3> This study shows that FEV<sup>1</sup>% can not be used as a predictor of HRR at AT, however the lack of correlation does show a narrow window for HRR in which patients with CF should aim in order to exercise near AT and ultimately improve their fitness and prognosis. The strong correlation between FEV<sup>1</sup>% and VO<sub>2 max</sub>% serves a great purpose in the that prognosis and 5 year mortality risk can be estimated from a lung function test widely available and frequently performed as opposed to CPET which is only available in specialist centres.
DDEL-12A SYSTEM BASED APPROACH TO CHRONIC DRUG DELIVERY - A METHOD THAT WORKS
Authors: Owen Lewis, Max Woolley, Dave Johnson, Neil Barua, Paul Skinner, Charlie Irving, Suk Kinch, Mike Howell, Grace Stewart, Gemma Pritchard, Patrick Moore, Julia Fletcher, Alison Bienemann, Sam Evans, Anne Rosser, Steven Gill
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Published retrospective analysis of failed clinical trials that have utilised Convection-Enhanced Delivery (CED) as the infusion mechanism have highlighted that a small number of system elements (targeting, device design, lack of real-time imaging etc.) can cause poor outcomes and prevent primary trial objectives being met. A limited number of systems exist for acute, stereotactically guided delivery but systems and strategies for longer term applications are lacking. The problem of achieving controlled intermittent delivery to the brain must therefore be tackled at the system level. Through a collaborative relationship between research and industry it has been possible to bring together multidisciplinary teams and implement a lab to clinic development paradigm. Engineering developments in surgical planning software, rigid tooling and surgical robotics have laid a solid foundation on which to improve surgical techniques, implant design and external re-access kits. Investigation of a guide tube catheter assembly was conducted first in the Agarose gel model and later in the porcine and canine model to help inform surgical planning strategies. Catheter design features were manipulated as a variable to induce changes in the infusion morphology and were investigated over time. Methods for ongoing distribution optimisation were also reviewed. Acquisition of anatomical targets ∼120mm deep can now be achieved sub millimetre utilising the surgical system. Greater coverage of anatomical structures is possible through device modifications which effect changes to the infusion morphology. Ongoing optimisation of infusions might be achieved through periodic imaging and implementing improved, patient specific infusion regimes. A multidisciplinary approach to the problem of chronic implantation is required to achieve successful intermittent infusions in the brain.
Incidence of arthralgia syndrome (AS) related to aromatase inhibitors (AIs) in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer (EBC)
Authors: R. Maisano, R. Maisano, D. Azzarello, P. Del Medico, R. Giannicola, C. Giuffrè, V. Panuccio, M. Raffaele, M. Zavettieri, A. Falzea, M. Nardi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e11603 Background: Anastozole (A) and letrozole (L) are standard drugs in up-front adjuvant endocrine therapy in postmenopausal hormone positive EBC. AIs have a higher incidence of osteoporosis, bone fractures and musculoskeletal symptoms, particularly joint pain and stiffness (AS) respect to tamoxifen. The real incidence of AS can be underestimated respect to data derived from clinical trials. Methods: From 1/07 to 12/07 we registered all patients (pts) taking A or L as adjuvant therapy for at least 3 months. We screened 47 pts, 3 pts refused to participate at the study and 2 resulted metastatic. A total of 42 pts were enrolled. The median age was 67 yrs (range 51–89), the median time since menopause was 11 yrs (range 1–48). 30 pts had natural menopause, 7 surgical menopause and 5 reported chemo-induced menopause. 25 pts took A and 17 pts took L. The median duration on therapy was 19 months (range 3–68) and 31 pts had received chemotherapy (9 CMF, 17 anthra-based, 5 anthra-taxane based). Results: 11 pts (26%) did not report AS, 19 pts (45%) had new-onset AS and 12 (29%) had worsening of prior joint pain after starting adjuvant AIs therapy. Most pts reported moderate to severe AS requiring occasional use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (75%), 15% used oral supplements and 10% used opiates, only 4 women used exercise to relieve joint stiffness. 17 pts interrupted the therapy from 7 to 20 days in order to reduce the symptoms and 7 obtained a partial improvement. 11 pts (35%) suffered from AS declared the worsening of quality of life. In univariate analysis presence of AS was not associated with age, entry into menopause, years since menopause, duration of AI therapy or previous chemotherapy. Conclusions: Our data show a higher incidence of AS in clinical practice respect to literature data, which caused worsening of quality of life and could be reason of discontinuation of effective therapy. The exact mechanism of AIs-related arthralgia is unclear, but is believed to be related to estrogen deprivation, however further studies are needed to define the pathogenesis in order to find an effective therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Wheat gluten challenge in schizophrenic patients
Authors: S G Potkin, D Weinberger, J Kleinman, H Nasrallah, D Luchins, L Bigelow, M Linnoila, S H Fischer, T D Bjornsson, J Carman, J C Gillin, R J Wyatt
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

Eight chronic schizophrenic patients were maintained on a diet free of gluten, cereal grains, and milk (CM-F diet) and challenged in a double-blind manner with dietary wheat gluten and placebo. While on the CM-F diet, each patient received a daily challenge of 30 g of gluten for 5 weeks and a placebo challenge for 8 weeks. No deterioration in clinical status as measured by the BPRS was noted on gluten challenge. Serum alpha 1 acid glycoprotein measurement demonstrated no evidence of inflammatory response to gluten challenge. The data suggest that sensitivity to dietary gluten is not characteristic of young chronic schizophrenic patients.
Surgical Treatment of Pulseless (Takayasu's) Disease
Authors: W. Gerald Austen, Robert S. Shaw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

OCCLUSIVE disease involving the great vessels of the aortic arch has been the subject of numerous reports and has been given a variety of names including "aortic-arch syndrome,"1 , 2 "pulseless disease,"3 "Martorell's syndrome"4 and "Takayasu's disease,"5 as well as other designations. There are probably several etiologies — the inflammatory arteritis of syphilis,1 2 3 4 5 6 atherosclerosis7 8 9 10 11 12 and the poorly understood arterial occlusive disease usually occurring in young people,1 2 3 , 8 , 13 14 15 the ophthalmologic complications of which were described by Takayasu5 in 1908. It is important not to consider these various types of occlusive disease involving the major branches of the aortic arch as one entity since they . . .
Prevalence of Oropharyngeal Excreters of Leukocyte-Transforming Agents among a Human Population
Authors: R. Shihman Chang, Jerry P. Lewis, Charles F. Abildgaard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

For better understanding of the epidemiology of leukocyte-transforming agent recently demonstrated in the oropharyngeal secretions of patients with infectious mononucleosis, a population was surveyed for excreters of this agent. The agent was identified by its ability to transform human leukocytes into rapidly and persistently multiplying lymphoid cells. Eighteen per cent of 368 general outpatient-department patients were found to be excreters. No significant differences in prevalence were noted among age groups, between sexes, among five broad medical-status categories, and between patients studied in June and December, 1972. This transforming agent appears to be a ubiquitous infectious agent of man. In addition to the patients studied in our general outpatient clinic, 69 with cancer were surveyed for excretion of this agent. Among adults with leukemia or lymphoma, all seven critically ill patients and 11 of 12 on intensive chemotherapy excreted this agent. There is no known basis for the prevalence of oropharyngeal excretion of transforming agent in adult patients with leukemia or lymphoma who are critically ill or on intensive chemotherapy. (N Engl J Med 289: 1325–1329, 1973)