tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quality of life in thyroid cancer: Physician perceptions.
Authors: Benjamin Christopher James, Brisa Aschebrook-Kilfoy, Sharone Kaplan, Edwin L Kaplan, Peter Angelos, Raymon Grogan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

228 Background: In a multicenter cohort of over 1,200 patients, we have shown that thyroid cancer survivors report a decrease in quality of life (QoL) that is significant and equal to other common cancers. While these findings are striking, there have been no studies assessing physician perceptions regarding how a diagnosis of thyroid cancer affects QoL. We hypothesize that there is a large discrepancy between what physicians perceive the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer has on QoL and what patients report. Methods: Physicians were recruited from two national organizations. A 37-question survey was administered evaluating demographic and treatment-related information as well as questions specific to perceptions of patient satisfaction with various aspects of treatment, complications and overall effects on QoL. Responses were categorized into physical, psychological, social and outcomes. Regression analysis was performed to determine trends in physician perceptions. Results: 105 physicians completed the survey. The majority of participants were endocrine surgeons (n=59, 56.2%), followed by endocrinologists (n= 31, 29.5%), general surgeons (n=8, 7.6%), otolaryngologists (n=2, 1.9%), and medical oncologists (n=1, 1%). The mean number of years in practice was 18.78 years (n=80). There was no difference in response by physician specialty. There was no difference in physician perception on psychological and social effects of thyroid cancer compared to those reported by patients (p=0.643). However, regarding physical concerns, physicians report significantly lower rates of physical concerns than reported by patients with regards to fatigue (p&lt;0.01), weight gain (p&lt;0.01), voice changes (p=0.0427), and heat/cold intolerance (p&lt;0.01). Conclusions: There is a discrepancy between physician perceptions on the effect of thyroid cancer on QoL in thyroid cancer survivors and what these survivors report. As such, there needs to be greater awareness about the effects of thyroid cancer on QoL. In order to better assess and monitor QoL in thyroid cancer survivors, a validated thyroid cancer-specific survivorship care plan incorporating these findings should be created to better assess and monitor patients with a diagnosis of thyroid cancer.
Psychosocial Influences on Mortality after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: William Ruberman, Eve Weinblatt, Judith D. Goldberg, Banvir S. Chaudhary
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Psychosocial interviews with 2320 male survivors of acute myocardial infarction, participants in the β-Blocker Heart Attack Trial, permitted the definition of two variables strongly associated with an increased three-year mortality risk. With other important prognostic factors controlled for, the patients classified as being socially isolated and having a high degree of life stress had more than four times the risk of death of the men with low levels of both stress and isolation. An inverse association of education with mortality in this population reflected the gradient in the prevalence of the defined psychosocial characteristics. High levels of stress and social isolation were most prevalent among the least-educated men and least prevalent among the best-educated. The increase in risk associated with stress and social isolation applied both to total deaths and to sudden cardiac deaths and was noted among men with both high and low levels of ventricular ectopy during hospitalization for the acute infarction. (N Engl J Med 1984; 311:552–9.)
Nature of Hemolytic Crises and the Fate of G6PD Deficient, Drug-Damaged Erythrocytes in Sardinians
Authors: Emanuele Salvidio, I. Pannacciulli, A. Tizianello, F. Ajmar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE deficiency of G6PD in the red cells is a congenital, X-linked metabolic defect characteristic of red cells that undergo rapid destruction as a result of the administration of several drugs,1 infections2 and ingestion of fava beans.3 It has been calculated that some 100,000,000 people in the world may have this trait, although some populations are more affected than others. American and African Negroes,4 non-Ashkenazi Jews,5 Greeks,6 Egyptians7 and, among Italians, the inhabitants of Sardinia are highly affected by this inborn error of red-cell metabolism. As compared with Northern Italians, who show a very low prevalence of G6PD deficiency, and . . .
Cancer patients and the Internet: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating an intervention to facilitate physician and patient information exchange from the Internet (I)
Authors: P. M. Ellis, S. J. D. Dimitry, G. Browman, T. J. Whelan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

6139 Background: Prior research showed that only a small proportion of patients with cancer use the Internet to find information and discuss it with their oncologist. Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of using a question prompt sheet (QPS) to promote discussion of health-related I information between patients and oncologists. Methods: Patients were randomized to receive or not the QPS and then assessed pre-and post- consultation for discussion of I information with their physician, satisfaction with the medical encounter, anxiety (Speilberger STAI), information and decision making preferences, plus I use. Results: 103 patients with breast, lung, GU or GI cancer visiting an oncologist participated (response rate 78%). Mean age was 66 yrs. (SD 10.08), 39% were female, 85% were married and 33% had some post-secondary education. There were no differences in baseline patient characteristics between groups with the exception that patients in the QPS group preferred to be less involved in decision making vs. control group. 14.6% of those randomized to QPS discussed I information in the clinical encounter versus 10.9% of controls (p=0.476). There was no significant difference between groups with respect to change in anxiety scores (pre- vs. post-consultation) or patient satisfaction with the consultation. 46 patients had used the I to seek any type of information, 39 sought health information and 38 sought cancer information. Patients reported using the I to obtain more detailed information about their cancer/treatment options (71%), to clarify information given to them by a physician (58%), to gain a better understanding of medical terms (23%), and to find/access decision aids (47%). Two thirds of patients sought information before they had an initial consultation with an oncologist. Conclusions: A small proportion of patients discussed information from the Internet with their oncologist (13%). The QPS was not effective in promoting this behavior. Other strategies need to be evaluated to encourage patients to bring information from other sources to the clinical consultation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Phase II trial of pazopanib in progressive, metastatic, iodine-insensitive differentiated thyroid cancers
Authors: K. C. Bible, R. C. Smallridge, W. J. Maples, J. R. Molina, M. E. Menefee, V. J. Suman, J. K. Burton, C. C. Bieber, S. P. Ivy, C. Erlichman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

3521 Background: Systemic therapies have had little impact on the outcomes of patients with advanced differentiated thyroid cancers. Methods: A three-outcome one-stage Phase II trial was conducted to assess the anti-tumor activity and toxicities of the orally bioavailable VEGF/tyrosine kinase inhibitor pazopanib (800 mg daily) in patients with advanced and progressive radioiodine-insensitive differentiated thyroid cancers. Up to 2 prior therapies were allowed, with measurable disease required. Design: at the 0.10 significance level, there would be a 90% chance of detecting a RECIST response rate of &gt;20% given a true response rate of &gt;5%; with the regimen considered promising if &gt;4 confirmed responses observed. Results: From February to November 2008, 32 patients (53% male) aged 23–79 years (median: 63 years) were enrolled. Common sites of metastases were: lung (100%), nodes (52%), and bone (39%). Measurement data are available for 26 patients, with the median number of cycles administered thus far 4 (range: 1–8, total: 101). Overall, therapy has been well tolerated. Six patients (23%) required dose reduction due to: grade 2+ ALT (3 pts), grade 3 mucositis (1 pt); grade 3 diarrhea and dehydration (1 pt), and grade 3 abdominal pain (1 pt.). Other serious toxicities included grade 3 colon perforation and grade 3 chest pain (1 pt). No thyroglobulin antibody (TGA) negative patient has become TGA positive, and 11 of 16 patients (69%) with initially elevated thyroglobulin levels experienced a decline in thyroglobulin of &gt;50%. Five RECIST partial responses have been confirmed to date (19%). Two patients are alive with disease progression and another has died from disease progression. Conclusions: Pazopanib appears to have both a favorable toxicity profile and promising clinical activity in patients with advanced and progressive differentiated thyroid cancers. Supported in part by NCI CA15083 and CM62205. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A Computer-Assisted Management Program for Antibiotics and Other Antiinfective Agents
Authors: R. Scott Evans, Stanley L. Pestotnik, David C. Classen, Terry P. Clemmer, Lindell K. Weaver, James F. Orme, James F. Lloyd, John P. Burke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Optimal decisions about the use of antibiotics and other antiinfective agents in critically ill patients require access to a large amount of complex information. We have developed a computerized decision-support program linked to computer-based patient records that can assist physicians in the use of antiinfective agents and improve the quality of care. This program presents epidemiologic information, along with detailed recommendations and warnings. The program recommends antiinfective regimens and courses of therapy for particular patients and provides immediate feedback. We prospectively studied the use of the computerized antiinfectives-management program for one year in a 12-bed intensive care unit.
Effects of Calcium on Serum Gastrin Levels in the Zollinger–Ellison Syndrome
Authors: Walter L. Trudeau, James E. McGuigan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Abstract Serum gastrin levels were repeatedly measured in a patient with a total gastrectomy and hypergastrinemia associated with the Zollinger—Ellison syndrome. Fasting serum concentrations determined on consecutive days, and also at four-hour intervals during a 24-hour period, revealed persistent hypergastrinemia that varied within a relatively narrow range. Serum gastrin levels were found to relate directly to plasma calcium concentrations, falling by a factor of 20 with the development of hypocalcemia after parathyroidectomy for hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism. Marked increases in serum gastrin concentration were induced by calcium infusion (12 and 20 mg per kilogram of body weight) but not by infusion of parathormone. The previously demonstrated effects of calcium in the control and stimulation of gastric acid secretion may be mediated by the polypeptide hormone gastrin.
Organization of Nationwide Egfr Testing in Russia: First Experience
Authors: E.N. Imyanitov, I. Demidova, T. Kikeeva, M. Gordiev, M.L. Filipenko, Y. Molyaka, N.V. Cherdyntseva, V. Kozhemyako, I. Tsimafeyeu, S. Tjulandin
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
25P Autophagy in early stage NSCLC – prognostic significance of the autophagy markers p62 and LC3B
Authors: S. Berezowska, A.M. Schläfli, O. Adams, J.A. Galván, L. Bubendorf, S. Savic Prince, R.A. Schmid, M. Gugger, M.P. Tschan, R. Langer
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)
Diagnosis of Hypertension Due to Occlusions of the Renal Artery
Authors: E. Gordon Margolin, John P. Merrill, J. Hartwell Harrison
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE syndrome of curable hypertension due to unilateral renal disease has evoked widespread clinical interest since Goldblatt's1 classic experiments and Butler's2 report of the first case in 1937. Our particular interest in certain ancillary clinical findings helpful in the bedside diagnosis of this disease arose during the period of observation of a thirty-seven-year-old man with occlusion of the right renal artery. A review of the available literature, with particular emphasis on patients whose unilateral renal hypertension was due to occlusive disease of the renal arteries, demonstrated that leukocytosis, polyuria, albuminuria and impairment of urinary concentrating ability may all be a . . .
Cerebral Syphilitic Gumma Confirmed by the Polymerase Chain Reaction in a Man with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Harold W. Horowitz, Marius P. Valsamis, Victoria Wicher, Frank Abbruscato, Sandra A. Larsen, Gary P. Wormser, Konrad Wicher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Space-occupying lesions in the brain of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are commonly due to Toxoplasma gondii infection or lymphoma1. Multiple other infectious agents, including nocardia species and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as bacterial abscesses also cause such lesions1. Despite the increased incidence of neurosyphilis in the HIV-infected population,2 with reports of both meningovascular and quaternary neurosyphilis,2–4 we are aware of only two instances of space-occupying lesions of the central nervous system presumed to be due to Treponema pallidum5 among the hundreds of biopsy and autopsy evaluations of brain tissue from patients with the . . .
An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline: Pediatric Chronic Home Invasive Ventilation
Authors: Laura M. Sterni, Joseph M. Collaco, Christopher D. Baker, John L. Carroll, Girish D. Sharma, Jan L. Brozek, Jonathan D. Finder, Veda L. Ackerman, Raanan Arens, Deborah S. Boroughs, Jodi Carter, Karen L. Daigle, Joan Dougherty, David Gozal, Katharine Kevill, Richard M. Kravitz, Tony Kriseman, Ian MacLusky, Katherine Rivera-Spoljaric, Alvaro J. Tori, Thomas Ferkol, Ann C. Halbower
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<Executive SummaryContentsOverviewIntroductionQuestionsMethodsClinical Questions and Re...Research PrioritiesConclusionsReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Effect of Utilization Review in a Fee-for-Service Health Insurance Plan
Authors: Stephen N. Rosenberg, David R. Allen, Janis S. Handte, Thomas C. Jackson, Leonard Leto, Barry M. Rodstein, Scott D. Stratton, George Westfall, Roslyn Yasser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Although utilization review is widely used to control health care costs, its effect on patterns of health care is uncertain.
Measurement of Antigen-Specific IgA May be Useful in Children with Food Allergy
Authors: Yosuke Baba, Asuka Honjo, Susumu Yamazaki, Eisuke Inage, Mari Mori, Masato Kantake, Yoshikazu Ohtsuka, Toshiaki Shimizu
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Postoperative Empyema Improves Survival in Lung Cancer
Authors: John C. Ruckdeschel, Stephen D. Codish, Allan Stranahan, Martin F. McKneally
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

A retrospective chart study revealed improved survival rates in patients in whom empyema developed after surgical resection for carcinoma of the lung. The overall five-year survival rate for the empyema group of 18 patients was 50 per cent, compared to an 18 per cent five-year survival rate in a control group consisting of a random 34-patient sample of resected cases at this institution. On further analysis, the beneficial effect of intrapleural infection was found principally in patients with tumor limited to the lung and its draining regional lymph nodes. Six of seven patients in this group survived for five years. The protection from recurrent cancer conferred on these patients by postoperative empyema may have been mediated by the activation of regional cellular immune mechanisms. The reaction between immune lymphocytes and bacterial antigens is believed to release lymphokines and activate macrophages that nonspecifically destroy residual tumor cells while containing the intrapleural infection.
Immunohistology of the Antigenic Pattern of a Continuous Cell Line From a Human Colon Tumor
Authors: S. von Kleist, E. Chany, P. Burtin, M. King, J. Fogh
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

The antigenic surface pattern of a continuous cell line (HT29) derived from a human primary carcinoma of the colon was studied by the immunofluorescence technique. Monovalent and polyvalent immune sera were used. The cells of this long-term culture kept the ability to synthesize the three principal colon tumor antigens: carcinoembryonic and nonspecific cross-reacting antigens, and the membrane-associated tissular autoantigen. On the HT29 cells, which still carry the original blood group of the tumor donor, no receptors for human Ig's were detected.
The impact of multiple low-level BCR-ABL1 mutations on response to ponatinib
Authors: Wendy T. Parker, David T. O. Yeung, Alexandra L. Yeoman, Haley K. Altamura, Bronte A. Jamison, Chani R. Field, J. Graeme Hodgson, Stephanie Lustgarten, Victor M. Rivera, Timothy P. Hughes, Susan Branford
Journal: Blood (2016)
The Agent of Bacillary Angiomatosis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Abstract Background. Bacillary angiomatosis is an infectious disease causing proliferation of small blood vessels in the skin and visceral organs of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and other immunocompromised hosts. The agent is often visualized in tissue sections of lesions with Warthin—Starry staining, but the bacillus has not been successfully cultured or identified. This bacillus may also cause cat scratch disease. Methods. In attempting to identify this organism, we used the polymerase chain reaction. We used oligonucleotide primers complementary to the 16S ribosomal RNA genes of eubacteria to amplify 16S ribosomal gene fragments directly from tissue samples of bacillary angiomatosis. The DNA sequence of these fragments was determined and analyzed for phylogenetic relatedness to other known organisms. Normal tissues were studied in parallel. Results. Tissue from three unrelated patients with bacillary angiomatosis yielded a unique 16S gene sequence. A sequence obtained from a fou...
P84 The InspiWave (TM) trial on adult healthy volunteers – insights gleaned from postural studies
Authors: C Zhang, P Phan, D Geer, C Hahn, A Farmery
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Current techniques used to monitor Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) present significant clinical limitations which often restrict patients to those who are conscious, cooperative and mobile. There is a clinical need for an operator – independent device that is able to simultaneously and continuously monitor FRC in mechanically ventilated patients, the morbidly obese and infants. The InspiWave™ is one such device which utilises a sinusoidal Nitrous Oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) tracer gas technique to non – invasively monitor various parameters of cardiopulmonary function, including end tidal alveolar volume (V<sub>A</sub>) and Bohr deadspace volume (V<sub>D</sub>). This study evaluates the performance of the InspiWave™ in estimating lung volume using two unique postural change protocols in healthy volunteers. <h3>Method</h3> 5 subjects were asked to adopt 3 stationary postures (sitting upright, supine, 45° elevation) using a tilt table. 21 subjects adopted a different protocol, with a single transition phase between sitting and supine. <h3>Results</h3> In the first protocol (n = 5), V<sub>A </sub>estimations were consistently smaller at supine than at sitting (31%). At 45° elevation, V<sub>D</sub> estimations were the smallest of all three postures. Comparison of absolute flow signal (∆∫Flow <i>dt</i>) data at the point of postural transition with V<sub>A </sub>estimations by the device (n = 21) yielded a Pearson’s correlation (r) of 0.453 (<i> p &lt; 0</i>.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Estimations by the InspiWave™ demonstrated acceptable correlation between absolute flow signal change and device estimation, suggesting good accuracy. FRC changes by approximately 25% from sitting to supine, due to added pressure from abdominal contents on the diaphragm when gravity shifts with postural change.<sup>1</sup> Data from this study closely mirrored this value (31%), demonstrating a good degree of device performance. V<sub>D</sub> estimations were smallest at 45° elevation of the three postures which may be due to airways being kept more open, consistent with respiratory benefits of the 45° “beach chair position”. Postural studies provide an alternative over conventional comparative studies with reference techniques (such as body plethysmography) in assessing device performance, when comparing variables which are not entirely equivalent. <h3>Reference</h3> 1 Ibanez J, Raurich JM. Normal values of functional residual capacity in the sitting and supine positions.<i> Intensive Care Med</i>. 1982;<b>8</b>(4):173–177
Molecular subgroups of adult medulloblastoma: a long-term single-institution study
Authors: Fu Zhao, Hiroko Ohgaki, Lei Xu, Felice Giangaspero, Chunde Li, Peng Li, Zhijun Yang, Bo Wang, Xingchao Wang, Zhenmin Wang, Lin Ai, Jing Zhang, Lin Luo, Pinan Liu
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

Recent transcriptomic approaches have demonstrated that there are at least 4 distinct subgroups in medulloblastoma (MB); however, survival studies of molecular subgroups in adult MB have been inconclusive because of small sample sizes. The aim of this study is to investigate the molecular subgroups in adult MB and identify their clinical and prognostic implications in a large, single-institution cohort. We determined gene expression profiles for 13 primary adult MBs. Bioinformatics tools were used to establish distinct molecular subgroups based on the most informative genes in the dataset. Immunohistochemistry with subgroup-specific antibodies was then used for validation within an independent cohort of 201 formalin-fixed MB tumors, in conjunction with a systematic analysis of clinical and histological characteristics. Three distinct molecular variants of adult MB were identified: the SHH, WNT, and group 4 subgroups. Validation of these subgroups in the 201-tumor cohort by immunohistochemistry identified significant differences in subgroup-specific demographics, histology, and metastatic status. The SHH subgroup accounted for the majority of the tumors (62%), followed by the group 4 subgroup (28%) and the WNT subgroup (10%). Group 4 tumors had significantly worse progression-free and overall survival compared with tumors of the other molecular subtypes. We have identified 3 subgroups of adult MB, characterized by distinct expression profiles, clinical features, pathological features, and prognosis. Clinical variables incorporated with molecular subgroup are more significantly informative for predicting adult patient outcome.
ERRγ Is Required for the Metabolic Maturation of Therapeutically Functional Glucose-Responsive β Cells
Authors: Eiji Yoshihara, Zong Wei, Chun Shi Lin, Sungsoon Fang, Maryam Ahmadian, Yasuyuki Kida, Tiffany Tseng, Yang Dai, Ruth T. Yu, Christopher Liddle, Annette R. Atkins, Michael Downes, Ronald M. Evans
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2016)