tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case 32-2000
Authors: Frederic D. Shapiro, Laurence de Leval
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Presentation of CaseA boy who was six years and five months old was admitted to the hospital because of vertebral compression fractures.The boy had been well until six months earlier, when he began to have back pain after falling on his back. The pain was intermittent initially, but gradually became constant. One month before admission, he fell again, and the back pain worsened. Radiographs of the spine (Figure 1) showed considerable demineralization, with compression fractures of T11, L1, L3, and L4. The signal intensity in the marrow was uniform throughout the spine. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination . . .
Anti-CD74-doxorubicin immunoconjugate (IMMU-110) is cytotoxic in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) models and overcomes MDR
Authors: R. Blumenthal, R. Stein, R. Michell, D. M. Goldenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

7598 Background: The internalizing LL1 anti-CD74 antibody is an optimal agent for delivering drugs, toxins, or radionuclides to CD74+ cancer cells. Here, we investigated the efficacy of IMMU-110 (Immunomedics, Inc.) in common follicular and aggressive types of NHL cells and in two disseminated non-Burkitt NHL models. Methods: CD74, MDR and MRP expression on NHL cell lines was determined by flow cytometry. In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed by cell cycle analysis of propidium iodide (PI)-stained cells and by measuring apoptotic cells using FITC-Annexin V and PI. In vivo therapy of a single 350-μg dose of IMMU-110 was evaluated in disseminated SUDHL4 and FSCCL. Results: Raji and Daudi Burkitt lines express similar amounts of CD74 (&gt;93% positive cells and a MCF=35), yet a 3-day treatment with 0.8 μg/ml of IMMU-110 results is 18.4% of Raji and 67.9% of Daudi cells in Sub-G o . Aside from Daudi cells that respond with cells shifting into Sub-G o , most other NHL cell lines experience a G 2 /M block (44%-82% of cells) in response to a 3-day exposure to IMMU-110. Both MDR- and MDR+ NHL cells responded to IMMU-110. Kaplan Meier analysis showed a significant increase in survival of both SUDHL4 (MDR-/MRP-)- and FSCCL (MDR+/MRP+)-bearing SCID mice (P &lt; 0.025) with 100% survival of treated mice vs. 38% survival of untreated mice at 70–77 days post cell implantation. Conclusions: IMMU-110 is cytotoxic in non-Burkitt and in Burkitt NHL cell lines. The magnitude of the cytotoxic response is not related to the amount of CD74 expressed on the cell surface. IMMU-110 is therapeutic in drug-sensitive (SUDHL4) and drug-resistant (FSCCL) NHL models, suggesting that antibody targeting can bypass the MDR drug efflux system that prevents free doxorubicin from being therapeutic. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Problems and Practices in a Community Hospital
Authors: F. Richard Pierce, Joseph P. Marnane
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THIS paper reviews common-bile-duct injuries treated at the Henry Heywood Memorial, a 120-bed hospital,1 from January 1, 1941, through December 31, 1950, during which there were 539 consecutive operations on the gall bladder or biliary tree, with 4 cases of loss of continuity of the biliary tract. In a review of our experience with gall-bladder surgery, it was disturbing to find that in each of 4 cases, a patient entered the hospital with biliary disease that appeared to be a straightforward problem, only to go through a long period of additional surgical procedures crippling to his health, morale and financial . . .
The Influence of Carbonated Water on Gastric Emptying
Authors: Giorgio Lolli, Leon A. Greenberg, David Lester
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

IT HAS been stated from time to time that the ingestion of carbonated beverage hastens gastric emptying. This effect of carbon dioxide has been indicated by the work of Carnot and Koskowski,1 Kussmaul,2 Jaworski,3 Binet and Lebon4 and Hellebrandt and Houtz.5 In a majority of such studies the carbonated beverages used were either naturally occurring or prepared solutions that were moderately or heavily mineralized, thus raising some question concerning the effects of the salts present.In other studies the carbon dioxide was produced in the stomach by the reaction between ingested sodium bicarbonate and the acid gastric juice. Thus Shay . . .
P106 Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is cleaved by multiple proteases in COPD lungs to affect circulating TFPI levels
Authors: B Mallia-Milanes, H Bailey, G Meakin, A Sheehan, A Knox, C Bolton, S Johnson
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) attenuates intravascular coagulation, a function limited by its proteolysis. Airway inflammation in COPD is associated with protease activity and intravascular thrombotic events, yet the link between proteolysis of TFPI in the airways and intravascular thrombosis in COPD is unexplored. <h3>Aims</h3> To explore the presence and processing of TFPI in COPD airways and its relationship to plasma TFPI levels. <h3>Methods</h3> COPD sputum and blood were collected at exacerbation and when stable. <i>In vitro</i> cleavage of TFPI was explored by incubation with proteases and Western blotting. TFPI presence and cleavage in sputum was detected by Western blotting. To determine the main protease/s involved in TFPI cleavage, sputum was spiked with recombinant TFPI in the presence of protease inhibitors, followed by Western blotting. <h3>Results</h3> TFPI was cleaved <i>in vitro</i> by Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-12, Neutrophil Elastase (NE) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) to &lt;20. <h3>Conclusion</h3> TFPI is cleaved by NE in COPD airways, leading to lower circulating levels. Further studies are needed to determine if lower circulating TFPI levels lead to increased intravascular thrombotic events in COPD.
Release of Cell-Surface Tumor-Associated Antigens by Viable Melanoma Cells From Humans2
Authors: Jean-Claude Bystryn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Macromolecules and melanoma-associated antigens (MAA) on the surfaces of melanoma cells from humans were radioiodinated by the lactoperoxidase technique, and their release into culture media was studied at intervals thereafter. MAA were measured by a double antibody-antigen binding assay and macromolecules by a trichloroacetic acid precipitation. Approximately 60.0 ± 9.9% of labeled macromolecules and 42.5 ± 11.5% of MAA were released in 3 hours. Release of MAA did not solely result from cell death, since it was considerably faster than that of 51Cr-labeled macromolecules (18.6 ± 7.6% in 3 hr), and cell viability was greater than 98% during all the experiments. Treatment of released MAA with Nonidet P40 reduced radioactivity specifically bound by anti-melanoma serum by 40%, which suggested that MAA were released in a complex with unrelated iodinated membrane fragments. Thus antigens and other macromolecules were rapidly released from the surfaces of viable tumor cells. This result supported the concept that soluble tumor antigens have a major function in host resistance to cancer.
The Effects of Phenobarbital on Bile Salts and Bilirubin in Patients with Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic Cholestasis
Authors: Adolf Stiehl, M. Michael Thaler, William H. Admirand
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

In two children with intrahepatic cholestasis treated with phenobarbital (10 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) for four days, serum bile salt concentration decreased from 100 to 400 to 1 to 10 μg per milliliter, and pruritus disappeared. The serum bilirubin concentrations were reduced to 20 to 50 per cent of pretreatment values, and the 131I-Rose Bengal fecal excretion increased during treatment. In contrast, phenobarbital had no effect on serum bile salts, bilirubin, 131I-Rose Bengal excretion and pruritus in a child with extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Decreased serum bile salt concentrations and concomitantly increased fecal excretion of Rose Bengal in phenobarbital-treated patients suggest that the barbiturate stimulates bile secretion and biliary excretion of bile salts. It may be helpful in the management of young patients with intrahepatic cholestasis.
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors reduce in vitro proliferation of prostate primary cells but do not interfere with growth of prostate carcinoma cell lines
Authors: D. G. Pernkopf, G. Untergasser, P. Berger, E. Plas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

14604 Background: PDE 5 is highly expressed in cavernosal and prostatic tissue. The mechanism of PDE-5 inhibitors on cavernosal tissue is well established but the effects of PDE-5 inhibitors on prostatic cells are unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze in vitro effects of PDE-5 inhibitors on prostate primary cells, fibroblasts (PrSC), basal epithelial cells (PrEC) and prostate cancer cell lines. Methods: Cultivated PrEC and PrSC, immortalized BPH cells (BPH 1), androgen dependent (LNCaP) and androgen independent (PC3) prostate carcinoma cell lines were exposed to increasing concentrations of commercially available PDE 5 inhibitors Sildenafil (Sil), Tadalafil (Tad), Vardenafil (Var). After incubation for 3 days cell viability was determined by a WST-1 assay (Roche-Biochemicals). Cells were evaluated morphologically by invert-light microscopy. PDE-5 protein concentrations were determined by western blot analyses and tissue distribution of PDE-5 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with a polyclonal antiserum. Results: None of the PDE-5 inhibitors induced cell proliferation. Significant decreases in proliferation and viability were observed at high concentrations (1 mg/ml) of all substances in PrSC and PrEC. In PrSC, proliferation rate decreased to 37.7% in Sil, to 16.9% in Tad and to 63.7% for Var as compared to controls. In PrEC, proliferation decreased to 72.7%, 21.6% and 84.4% for Sil, Tad and Var, respectively. At 0.1 mg/ml only Tad reduced proliferation significantly to 57.4%. Moreover, Tad induced neuroendocrine-like morphology in some PrEC. High protein concentrations of PDE 5 were observed in PrEC, low concentrations in PrSC but none in cancer cells. Conclusions: Sil, Tad and Var inhibit proliferation of prostate primary cells in vitro. Tad showed highest inhibition. Tumor cells were insensitive to PDE-5 inhibitors, due to the lack of PDE-5 protein. It seems unlikely that any of these substances increases proliferation of prostate carcinoma. Tad induced neuroendocrine-like morphology in some basal PrEC indicating effects on cellular differentiation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Management of Overactive Bladder
Authors: Sudeep S. Gill, Muhammad Mamdani, Paula A. Rochon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

to the editor: In his review of the management of overactive bladder (Feb.19 issue), 1 Dr. Ouslander states in Table 1 that cholinesterase inhibitors could theoretically contribute to detrusor overactivity, but he suggests that there is no evidence to support this association.Cholinesterase inhibitors are widely used to manage the symptoms of dementia. 2 Two case series have identified patients in whom urinary incontinence developed after the initiation of treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors.In one report, among three adults with Alzheimer's disease associated with Down's syndrome, two had incontinence after starting donepezil. 3A second report documents the emergence of transient, dosedependent incontinence in 7 of 94 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease who were started on donepezil. 4 In both reports, urinary incontinence was temporally associated with the introduction of the drug, and it resolved after discontinuation of the drug.Although these case series cannot establish causality, they support the association.
Chitinase activation in patients with fungus-associated cystic fibrosis lung disease
Authors: Andreas Hector, Sanjay H. Chotirmall, Gillian M. Lavelle, Bojana Mirković, Deirdre Horan, Laura Eichler, Markus Mezger, Anurag Singh, Anjai Ralhan, Sina Berenbrinker, Ines Mack, Regina Ensenauer, Joachim Riethmüller, Ute Graepler-Mainka, Michelle A. Murray, Matthias Griese, N. Gerry McElvaney, Dominik Hartl
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Familial Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Peter B. Bitterman, Stephen I. Rennard, Brendan A. Keogh, Mark D. Wewers, Steven Adelberg, Ronald G. Crystal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We evaluated 17 clinically unaffected members of three families with an autosomal dominant form of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis for evidence of alveolar inflammation. Each person in the study was examined by gallium-67 scanning for a general estimate of pulmonary inflammation, and by bronchoalveolar lavage for characterization of the types of recovered cells and their state of activation. Eight of the 17 subjects had evidence of alveolar inflammation on the lavage studies. Supporting data included increased numbers of neutrophils and activated macrophages that released one or more neutrophil chemoattractants, and growth factors for lung fibroblasts--findings similar to those observed in patients with overt idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Four of these eight also had a positive gallium scan; in all the other clinically unaffected subjects the scan was normal. During a follow-up of two to four years in seven of the eight subjects who had evidence of inflammation, no clinical evidence of pulmonary fibrosis has appeared. These results indicate that alveolar inflammation occurs in approximately half the clinically unaffected family members at risk of inheriting autosomal dominant idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Whether these persons with evidence of pulmonary inflammation but no fibrosis will proceed to have clinically evident pulmonary fibrosis is not yet known.
Preventing Veteran Homelessness by Reducing Military Sexual Trauma
Authors: Natalie Mota, Robert H. Pietrzak, Jitender Sareen
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
The Role of the Fifth Digit in Music: Discussion Paper
Authors: D K O'Donovan
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1992)

The increasing digital skill made manifest in the development of instrumental music is reviewed and supports the hypothesis that the fifth digit was belatedly used even when a suitable instrument had already become established. With notable exceptions, such as the harp, it appears that progressive improvements in instrument design was influenced by the need to utilize the fifth digits. Its greater use was accomplished in overlapping stages of increasing dexterity, of which the highest is exemplified by the left hand of the violinist. The apparent evolutional background of these observations is discussed. It is proposed that man has an inherent atavistic tendency to ignore the fifth digit and this view agrees with its neglect in gesture and sign language.
Carcinoma of the Lip
Authors: Paul M. Burke, Frederick S. Hopkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

CARCINOMA of the lip is a common tumor that is readily diagnosed and can nearly always be cured if properly treated soon after it develops. A difference of opinion has existed in the literature about whether radiation or surgery is the preferred method of treatment. We have a representative number of cases, some treated surgically and some radiologically, and hope by an analysis of each group to indicate the relative value of the two methods.During the twelve-year period from 1938 through 1950, 225 patients with cancer of the lip were seen in the Cancer Section of the Westfield State . . .
Abstract OT3-02-10: Nordic trip, a randomized phase 3 study in early triple negative breast cancer
Authors: N Loman, B Linderholm, H Joensuu, B Ejlertsen, OT Johannsson, J Geisler, P-O Bendahl, J Ahlgren, H Lindman
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: Adjuvant treatment among the heterogeneous group of triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) is still a challenge. Recently published data indicate that platinum salts may have a role in the treatment of TNBC (v Minckwitz 2014), especially in BRCA-associated cases (Tutt 2014). Subgroup analyses from two large adjuvant studies indicate that also oral capecitabine may add a significant value in this subset of BC (Lindman 2010, O'Shaughnessy, 2010). As a planned collaboration between the nordic countries, we are currently preparing a three-armed randomized phase 3 study of the addition of carboplatin and capecitabine respectively to a chemo backbone consisting of a taxane-antracycline based treatment in both the adjuvant and the neoadjuvant setting. Objectives: The primary endpoint will be invasive disease-free survival (IDFS). Secondary endpoints will include IDFS in subsets of TNBC, eg according to gene-expression-based subtypes of TNBC(Lehmann 2011), and BRCA-mutation status. In the cohort treated neoadjuvant, biomarkers predicting pathological response will be identified with the purpose to validate them in the adjuvant cohort. Method: 1800 patients (pts) with early TNBC stage 1 (&amp;gt;10 mm) - 3 will be randomized 1:1:1 to three treatment arms. A: nab-paclitaxel (nP) followed by epirubicine-cyclophosphamide (EC) B: nP-capecitabine followed by EC-capecitabine. C: nP-carboplatin followed by EC Treatment will be given either in the adjuvant or in the neoadjuvant setting, the primary endpoint will include all randomized pts from both cohorts. Statistical considerations: We assume a 75% five-year IDFS with standard treatment (A), and that a relative reduction of the event incidence of 30% for each of the two experimental treatments (B and C) would be a clinically relevant finding (HR=0.7). In order to achieve 80% power at a 0.05 significance level for each of the two comparisons A vs. B and A vs. C, 600 patients need to be evaluated in each of the three treatment arms. Stratification factors: pre- vs postoperative treatment, nodal status and treatment site. Citation Format: Loman N, Linderholm B, Joensuu H, Ejlertsen B, Johannsson OT, Geisler J, Bendahl P-O, Ahlgren J, Lindman H. Nordic trip, a randomized phase 3 study in early triple negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT3-02-10.
Myelin Basic Protein as an Encephalitogen in Encephalomyelitis and Polyneuritis Following Rabies Vaccination
Authors: Thiravat Hemachudha, Diane E. Griffin, J. Joseph Giffels, Richard T. Johnson, Ann B. Moser, Praphan Phanuphak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Encephalitis and polyneuritis occurring after rabies vaccination are believed to be immunologically mediated. We studied antibody responses to neural antigens in 36 patients with major neurologic complications, 25 with minor complications, and 39 with no complications after immunization with a brain-derived, Semple rabies vaccine. Patients with major complications had significantly elevated levels of antibody to brain white matter as compared with the other groups (P<0.001). Assays for antibody to selected central nervous system antigens showed that high levels of serum and cerebrospinal fluid antibody to myelin basic protein correlated with the presence of major neurologic complications (both central and peripheral nervous systems). The level of antibody to cerebroside correlated best with the number of injections of vaccine, but like antibody to myelin basic protein, the antibody to cerebroside was present in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with major complications. Some patients with major complications also had antibodies directed to the gangliosides GD1b and GT1b. No antibodies to myelin-associated glycoprotein were detected in any of the samples. These data implicate myelin basic protein as an encephalitogen in these autoimmune diseases of the human nervous system, but suggest that immune responses to cerebroside and certain gangliosides may have an augmentative role in severe disease. (N Engl J Med 1987; 316:369–74.)
Gastric Hydrochloric Acid Secretory Response to Orally Administered Betazole Hydrochloride
Authors: Harry L. Segal, Charles R. Shepardson, George L. Plain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THE extensive clinical investigation of betazole hydrochloride (3-[beta-aminoethyl] pyrazole) by Kirsner and Ford,1 in addition to previous reports,2 , 3 has shown that this compound administered subcutaneously is a more potent and less toxic gastric stimulant than histamine. The present study, consisting of a comparison of the gastric hydrochloric acid secretory response to orally and subcutaneously administered betazole hydrochloride, was undertaken to find a more potent gastric stimulant than caffeine for the detection of achlorhydria by tubeless gastric analysis.4 Betazole hydrochloride first synthesized by Lee and Jones5 is an isomer of histamine with a pyrazole in the ring instead of an imidazole . . .
Cellular Hypersensitivity to Basic Myelin (A<sub>1</sub>) Protein and Clinical Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: William Sheremata, J. B. R. Cosgrove, E. H. Eylar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Cellular hypersensitivity to myelin basic (A1) protein in relation to clinical attacks of multiple sclerosis was investigated with the technic of macrophage-migration inhibition. Lymphocytes from 48 patients with multiple sclerosis and 24 normal controls were cultured in the presence of human central nervous system basic myelin protein and the culture supernatants assayed for migration-inhibition factor with normal guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages. The controls exhibited a mean (± S.D.) migration of 97 ± 9 per cent, and the patients one of 73.2 ± 16.5 per cent. Twelve patients suspected pected of having multiple sclerosis gave a mean of 73.8 ± 23 per cent. Thirteen with acute "probable" multiple sclerosis gave a mean migration of 61 ± 8.9 per cent, and 12 convalescent patients, one of 78.8 ± 8.3 per cent. Eleven chronic patients studied for six months or longer after their attacks gave a value of 90.9 ± 9 per cent. The results demonstrate a temporal relation between production of migration-inhibition factor (cellular hypersensitivity) to basic myelin protein and clinical attacks of illness in multiple sclerosis. (N Engl J Med 291:14–17, 1974)
Adjuvant Chemotherapy Using Taxane Plus Carboplatin for Stage Ib-Iib Cervical Non-Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Pathologic High-Risk Factor
Authors: S. Sato, M. Shimada, T. Ohta, T. Kojimahara, H. Tokunaga, T. Takano, S. Yamaguchi, K. Fujiwara, H. Tanabe, A. Okamoto, S. Nishio, K. Ushijima, M. Futagami, Y. Yokoyama, H. Fujimoto, H. Nakamura, T. Nakamura, M. Moriyama, Y. Kai, J. Kigawa
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)