tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PATHOGENESIS OF EXPERIMENTAL SHOCK
Authors: Aaron Janoff, Arnold L. Nagler, Silvio Baez, Benjamin W. Zweifach
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

Donor rabbits were subjected to shock by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMAO shock). Portal blood was collected from these animals at certain intervals after release of the arterial ligature. Infusion of this blood into sub-lethally hemorrhaged rabbits caused the death of half of the tested animals; a mortality incidence which closely matched the per cent mortality in rabbits shocked by SMA occlusion alone. Blood from sham-operated donor animals did not prove lethal when infused into hemorrhage-prepared rabbits. Infusion of SMAO shock plasma did not result in the death of recipient animals, even though the whole blood source of the plasma had proven to be lethal upon infusion into hemorrhage-prepared rabbits. Moreover, following pretreatment of donor animals with a non-absorbable antibiotic per os, the number of actively reproducing bacteria in the intestinal fluids was reduced to less than 0.1 per cent of normal; nevertheless, the incidence of passive transfer of lethality from shocked donors receiving this pretreatment was not consistently reduced. Furthermore, when SMAO shock portal blood was tested for the presence of bacterial endotoxin by the sensitive dermal epinephrine reaction, although some blood samples demonstrated lesion-provoking activity, there was no correlation between this activity and the lethal properties of the blood samples. In seeking an explanation for the production of dermal epinephrine lesions by non-lethal shock blood, a positive correlation was demonstrated between the lesion-provoking activity of portal blood and the serotonin content of intestinal tissues of rabbits shocked by SMA ligation. In addition, small amounts of serotonin were shown to be capable of provoking dermal epinephrine reactions in rabbits, under the same conditions used to test the lesion-provoking activity of portal blood. It was therefore concluded that: (a) a toxic factor(s) is present in the portal blood of SMAO-shocked rabbits; (b) that this factor(s) is not likely to be a bacterial endotoxin; and (c) that the occasional provocation of a dermal epinephrine reaction by portal blood from SMAO-shocked rabbits, a property heretofore exclusively attributed to the presence of endotoxin in shock blood, can be entirely explained on the basis of elevated levels of serotonin in this blood.
PTU-248 Single-port access laparoscopic reversal of hartmann’s operation through the stoma site: a new gold standard
Authors: N Maguire, J Hornsby, B Banky, DW Borowski, DK Garg, TS Gill
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Hartmann’s operations are still commonly performed, and its reversal is often challenging with recognised considerable morbidity and mortality. We examined outcomes of single-port access (SPA) laparoscopic reversal surgery in comparison to outcomes of conventional multiport (CL) and open operations. <h3>Method</h3> Retrospective single-centre analysis of all patients who underwent Hartmann’s reversal between 2007–2014. <h3>Results</h3> Seventy-eight patients underwent Hartmann’s reversal; the intended approach was open in 28 (35.9%), CL in 12 (15.4%) and SPA in 38 (48.7%) cases. There was no difference between the groups for patient’s age, gender, ASA grade and BMI. Conversion rates were 4/12 (33.3%) for CL and 3/38 (7.9%) for SPA. Including conversions, operating time was significantly shorter for the SPA group compared to the CL and open groups (154, 220 and 217 min, respectively). There was no difference in the time to first bowel movement between the groups, but post-op morbidity was significantly lower for SPA (23.7% vs 66.7% for CL and 39.3% for open surgery). Length of hospital stay was also lowest for SPA compared to CL and open (median 4, 6 and 7 days, respectively). <h3>Conclusion</h3> SPA Reversal of Hartmann’s operation appears to have better results for some outcomes compared to both laparoscopic and open techniques. It is a safe and potentially superior technique that should be considered as first-line approach to restore bowel continuity in these often challenging patients. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Quantitative Studies on the Multiplication of Neoplastic Cells in Vivo. I. Growth Curves of the Ehrlich and MClM Ascites Tumors2
Authors: George Klein, László Révész
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1953)

Journal Article Quantitative Studies on the Multiplication of Neoplastic Cells in Vivo. I. Growth Curves of the Ehrlich and MClM Ascites Tumors Get access George Klein, George Klein Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar László Révész László Révész Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 14, Issue 2, October 1953, Pages 229–277, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/14.2.229 Published: 01 October 1953 Article history Received: 08 April 1953 Published: 01 October 1953
Studies on the Suppression of the Homograft Response With Folic Acid Antagonists
Authors: Stewart R. Humphreys, Michael A. Chirigos, Kenneth L. Milstead, Nathan Mantel, Abraham Goldin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)

Leukemia L1210 and antifolic-resistant variants M46R, M66-3R, and C82R were transplanted into incompatible strains of mice. In each foreign strain the tumor usually grew and regressed in typical homograft response. Surviving mice were resistant to challenge with the sensitive or resistant variant. The homograft response evidenced with the resistant tumors could be suppressed by administration of antifolics. In such case, treatment resulted in progressive tumor growth and death. The extent of suppression of homograft response appeared to be related to drug dosage. However, the antifolics did not interfere as readily with the induction of host immunity. Also, once immunity was established, it was not readily suppressed by antifolics. Antifolic treatment, which abrogated the homograft response to resistant leukemia, failed to interfere with the ability of an inoculum of sensitive L1210 or spleen to make the mice immune to reinoculation. Survivors of resistant as well as sensitive L1210 were obtained with delayed administration of antagonist and were immune to reinoculation. Doses of antifolic too low to overcome the homograft response with resistant variants failed to interfere with the development of immunity. Sufficiently extensive treatment with antifolics may interfere to some extent with the ability of normal or sensitive leukemic spleen to immunize incompatible strains of mice. It may even interfere somewhat with already established immunity. Suppression of the homograft response may not occur if a more effective folic acid antagonist is used. Instead, inhibition of tumor growth may result. The results are discussed with reference to therapy with antifolics.
SP0006 A Difficult to Treat Case with Relapsing Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Authors: R. Cartin-Ceba
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

A 34 year-old woman with known history of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is evaluated due to new onset dyspnea, hemoptysis, malaise, fever and migratory arthralgias. Patient had been diagnosed with GPA approximately two years before current presentation when she was evaluated due to recurrent sinusitis, indeterminate pulmonary nodules and acute renal failure in the setting of an active urinary sediment and a positive c-ANCA/PR3. A kidney biopsy at that time showed necrotizing pauci-immune glomerulonephritis. She was initially treated 4 months with oral cyclophosphamide and tapering oral corticosteroids for induction of remission and then switched to azathioprine for maintenance of remission which she had been taking for approximately 18 months prior to current presentation. Patient was hospitalized given her new symptoms and also due to the presence of new onset hypoxemia requiring oxygen supplementation. Given her new onset dyspnea and hemoptysis, the patient underwent chest imaging that revealed the presence of bilateral alveolar opacities. Her hemoglobin was slightly reduced from her baseline, inflammatory markers were significantly elevated and her creatinine had doubled from baseline with evidence of active urinary sediment. A diagnostic bronchoscopy was performed from the right middle lobe and showed progressively bloodier return after repeated aliquot injections. BAL studies did not reveal the presence on an infectious process. Her condition deteriorated requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation; in addition, her renal function also worsened requiring initiation of renal replacement therapy. Patient9s spouse raised concerns with repeated cyclophosphamide therapy and fertility and the patient was then treated with high doses of corticosteroids and 4 infusions of rituximab. Patient was also treated with 6 sessions of plasma exchange. Patient9s respiratory failure resolved and her renal function improved and was able to come off hemodialysis therapy before discharge from the hospital. Patient achieved complete remission 4 months after discharge. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Comparison of MRI and CT scans in a group of psychiatric patients
Authors: B M Cohen, F Buonanno, P E Keck, S P Finklestein, F M Benes
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

The authors compared the results of computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 16 psychotic patients with various diagnoses whose neurologic examinations suggested structural brain abnormalities. Blind readings showed a high concordance of findings, including ventricle-to-brain ratios, although MRI appeared superior in visualizing midline structures and identifying atrophic changes. Because it requires no ionizing radiation, MRI allows multiple studies of the same patient, study of family members, and recruitment of unbiased samples of control subjects. Use of MRI may help address questions regarding the specificity and prevalence of brain abnormalities observed with CT in psychotic patients.
Proinsulin and the Biosynthesis of Insulin
Authors: Donald F. Steiner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

THE protein hormone insulin seems to be of perennial interest to biochemists. It was among the first to be crystallized and was the first protein whose primary structure was elucidated by Sanger and his collaborators in the 1950's (Fig. 1). It is also the first protein that was totally synthesized chemically, this feat having been accomplished in 1964 in several laboratories throughout the world. Much interest has centered around the mechanism of biosynthesis of its two-chain structure. Two major possibilities exist: the two polypeptide chains might be made on separate ribosomal units and then combined through the formation of disulfide . . .
Effects of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on macrophage colony- stimulating factor production and proliferation of human monocytic cells
Authors: M Kaneki, S Inoue, T Hosoi, Y Mizuno, Y Akedo, A Ikegami, T Nakamura, M Shiraki, H Ito, S Suzu
Journal: Blood (1994)
Multiple hormonal responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in depressed patients and normal volunteers
Authors: J D Amsterdam, E Schweizer, A Winokur
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

Studies have shown that some depressed patients may demonstrate multiple hormonal response abnormalities after a neuroendocrine challenge test; this finding has suggested the strategy of measuring several hormones after an insulin tolerance test. The authors gave insulin tolerance tests to 72 depressed patients and 51 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteer control subjects and measured glucose, cortisol, prolactin, and human growth hormone (GH) responses. Although there were no differences between patients and control subjects in the mean decrease in glucose levels after the insulin tolerance test, depressed men demonstrated significantly lower prolactin and GH levels after the test.
OP0088 Categorization of Baseline Systemic Activity at Diagnosis Using the Essdai Disease Activity States (DAS) in Primary Sjögren Syndrome: Association with Poor Outcomes
Authors: P. Brito Zeron, B. Kostov, R. Solans, G. Fraile, D. Caravia-Durán, B. Maure, F.-J. Rascόn, B. Villar-Navas, M. Ripoll, B. Pinilla, E. Fonseca, M. Akasbi, M. Pérez-de-Lis, I. Jiménez-Heredia, G. de la Red, A. Gato, M. Ramentol, A. Ruedas, B. Díaz-Lόpez, L. Pallarés, H. Gheitasi, M. Ramos-Casals
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To score systemic activity at diagnosis and correlate baseline activity classified according to the ESSDAI disease activity states with poor outcomes in a large cohort of patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (SS). <h3>Methods</h3> We include 1216 consecutive patients who fulfilled the 2002 classification criteria for primary SS. The clinical and immunological characteristics and level of systemic activity were assessed at diagnosis as predictors of poor outcomes (lymphoma and death) using Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis adjusted for age at diagnosis. European systemic activity index (ESSDAI) scores were retrospectively calculated at diagnosis. Disease activity states (DAS) were defined according to the baseline ESSDAI score (low DAS for an ESSDAI &lt;4, moderate DAS for an ESSDAI between 5 and 13, and high DAS for an ESSDAI higher than 13). <h3>Results</h3> After a mean follow-up of 114 months, 52 (4%) patients developed hematological neoplasia and 139 (11%) died. The most frequent systemic activity reported at the time of SS diagnosis included articular (37%), biological (35%), hematology (30%) and glandular (24%) involvements. At diagnosis, 138 (11%) patients showed a high DAS, 385 (32%) a moderate DAS, 422 (35%) a low DAS and 266 (22%) had no systemic activity (ESSDAI =0). No significant differences in the main baseline features were found according to the DAS except for the age at SS diagnosis, which was higher in patients with a high DAS (57 yrs vs 53 yrs for moderate DAS, 54 for low DAS and 56 for no activity, p=0.019). Patients who showed a high DAS at diagnosis of SS developed more frequently hematological neoplasia and had a poor survival in comparison with patients who showed no systemic activity (ESSDAI =0) (19% vs 2%, p&lt;0.001, and 19% vs 11%, p=0.032, respectively). Patients with a high-DAS at diagnosis developed more frequently cancer in comparison with those without high baseline activity (21% vs 10%, p&lt;0.001); however, a high DAS was related to a higher frequency of hematological neoplasia but to a lower frequency of solid neoplasia (18% vs 2.5%, 2.9% vs 7.5%, p&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Categorization of baseline systemic activity using the ESSDAI disease activity states at diagnosis of primary Sjögren syndrome is useful to identify patients with a high risk of developing poor outcomes; patients who present at diagnosis with ESSDAI≥14 (high DAS) should be considered a high-risk population and should be followed more closely than those with no systemic activity. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
PWE-343 Clinically significant findings in patients with incidental colorectal abnormalities on pet or pet/ct scans
Authors: AK Dutta, R Mitchell-Hay, G Baio, PS Phull
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans detect metabolically active tissue and are a useful tool for evaluation of malignancy and sometimes benign inflammatory conditions. Occasionally areas of increased uptake are detected incidentally in other regions within the field of the scan. In this study we assessed the frequency of lesions detected on endoscopic examination in patients with incidentally detected colorectal abnormalities during PET or PET/CT scans. <h3>Method</h3> We retrospectively assessed all PET or PET/CT scans performed at our institution from 2009 to 2014. Patients with incidental colorectal abnormalities were identified from the Radiology database; those undergoing scanning for staging or detecting recurrence of colorectal cancer were excluded. Endoscopy and histology reports were retrieved from the hospital software systems. Data was collected for demographic details, indications for PET scan, colonoscopy findings and histology results. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 1939 PET scans were performed during the study period. Incidental colorectal FDG uptake was detected in 105 (5.4%) patients; 44 of these patients underwent endoscopic evaluation. The mean age of the subjects was 67.9 (range 31–89) years and 38.6% were females. Thirty-nine patients had a PET scan for evaluation of confirmed or suspected malignant lesions and five patients had the scan for evaluation of benign disease. Overall, increased colorectal FDG uptake was noted at 46 sites in the 44 patients. Rectum and/or sigmoid colon was the commonest site of abnormal uptake (73.9%) followed by caecum/ascending colon (13%), transverse colon (10.9%) and descending colon (2.2%). Forty-four sites were examined endoscopically and pathology was identified in 28 (63.6%) cases: 20 polyps (17 adenomatous, 3 hyperplastic), 6 cancers, and 2 cases of colitis (both of these had diffuse FDG uptake). One of the 17 adenomatous polyps had features of high grade dysplasia on histology. Five of the 6 patients with tumour underwent surgical resection, whilst one had endoscopic resection. Of the 42 cases of focal incidental colorectal FDG uptake, neoplasia was detected in 23 (57.8%); advanced neoplasia (invasive cancer or high-grade dysplasia) was detected in 16.7%. Median survival for the 44 patients undergoing endoscopic evaluation was 38.5 months (range 4–71), and 18 months (range 1–72) for the overall group of 105 patients with incidental colorectal FDG uptake. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Endoscopic evaluation of incidental colorectal findings on PET or PET/CT scans yields a high percentage of clinically significant results. However, careful selection of patients for colonoscopy is important due to the poor survival in this patient group. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
PTH-213 Breakage of tunnelled central venous catheters: frequency and repair kit outcomes in patients receiving home parental nutrition (HPN)
Authors: S Duffy, D Jordan, F MacKay, R Mckee
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Complications of tunnelled central venous catheters (CVCs) range from inconvenient to life threatening. Breakages of the external portion can be repaired using a catheter specific repair kit which, when feasible, is preferable to changing the line. Breakage of the external portion is reported to be common but few studies have documented the use of and efficacy of repair kits. At Glasgow Royal Infirmary we recently changed from using 9.6Fr Hickman lines © to 6.6Fr Broviac lines © and thought the repair kits were less efficacious. We carried out this study to assess the frequency of breakages as a complication of tunnelled CVCs and repair kit outcomes in our cohort of HPN patients. <h3>Method</h3> A database prospectively compiling information in all patients receiving HPN in a single institution was searched retrospectively for catheter related complications. Patients with a catheter breakage were identified. The duration of HPN feeding; time from catheter insertion to breakage; catheter size and longevity of repair were calculated. Results are quoted as median and range as a normal distribution of the data could not be assumed. <h3>Results</h3> CVC breakages accounted for 12% (29 in 237) of all catheter related complications with a frequency of 0.17 per 1000 catheter days for the 9.6Fr catheters and 0.32 per 1000 days for the 6.6Fr catheters. The median time from insertion to damage was 592 days (203 to 1238 days) for the 9.6 Fr catheters and 215 days (6 to 374) for the 6.6 Fr. Of the 29 breakages repairs were successful in 13 (of the 21) 9.6 Fr catheters and 3 (of the 8) 6.6Fr catheters. The longevity of the 9.6 Fr catheter repairs ranged from 62 days to 2284 (median 340) compared with 31 to 374 days, median 101 in the 6.6 Fr catheters. There was no relation to catheter location and frequency of breakages. Eleven of the repaired lines were ultimately changed due to infection (4), blockage (2) and further breakages (5) within a time frame of 31 days to 610, median 159. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Tunnelled CVC breakages and repair using a kit is common and can be efficacious. Repair of the 6.6FR catheters was less successful. This has been discussed with the manufacturer and the repair kit modified. Unfortunately it does not seem to be improved and we are looking into different manufacturer’s products. It may be that the potential benefits of a smaller CVC are offset by the difficulty in repairing these smaller catheters. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Adjuvant interferon for stage II melanoma.
Authors: F G Haluska
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.9.3205 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 9738597 Adjuvant interferon for stage II melanoma. F G HaluskaxF G HaluskaSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1998.16.9.3205 PDF "Adjuvant interferon for stage II melanoma.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 16(9), pp. 3205–3206© 1998 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Ethological study of facial behavior in nonparanoid and paranoid schizophrenic patients
Authors: R K Pitman, B Kolb, S P Orr, M M Singh
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

This investigation addressed the question of affective disturbance in schizophrenia by applying quantitative measurement techniques to patients' facial behavior. The subjects were medication-free male inpatients: nine nonparanoid and six paranoid schizophrenic patients and 12 drug- or alcohol-abuse rehabilitation control patients. Two judges scored the subjects' behavior, which was recorded on videotape, according to a system that included 16 different types of facial movements. Eye blinks, eye contact, and words spoken were also scored. Compared to the control patients, the nonparanoid schizophrenic patients spoke significantly fewer words and had significantly less eye contact, while the paranoid schizophrenic patients had significantly fewer eyebrow and lower facial movements.
Glomerulonephritis
Authors: John P. Merrill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

ALMOST without exception, writers on glomerulonephritis begin by quoting Richard Bright. I shall not do so. Bright has been overworked. Indeed, since this effort will stress pathogenesis and therapy rather than morphology and clinical manifestations, the words of a more recent observer of the biologic scene seem more appropriate. Thomas1 refers to kidney transplantation and by inference chronic hemodialysis as a "halfway technology." By this he means a technology that compensates for established disease or postpones death in such states. He makes the point that halfway technologies are enormously expensive in contrast to "high technologies" such as immunization against poliomyelitis, . . .
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Authors: Ralph M. Myerson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

IT IS the purpose of this paper to present 100 consecutive, unselected cases of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients admitted to the Boston City Hospital in a nine-year period between 1934 and 1943. During the same period approximately 375,000 patients were admitted to the hospital, giving an incidence of 0.027 per cent, a figure that coincides with that of the series of Cohen and Kinsman.1 DiagnosisThe diagnosis in each case was made on the basis of the history, physical signs and x-ray findings. Positive x-ray findings were considered essential, and the diagnosis was not made in their absence.The patients . . .