tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
From Freud to acetylcholine: Does the AAOM suffice to construct a dream?
Authors: Helene Sophrin Porte
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Toward illuminating the structure of Llewellyn's dream theory, I compare it in formal terms to Freud's dream theory. An alternative to both of these dream machines, grounded in the distribution of cholinergic activation in the central nervous system, is presented. It is suggested that neither “high” nor “low” dream theory is sufficient to account for the properties of dreams.
“Translocatory proteins” and “protein transduction domains”: a critical analysis of their biological effects and the underlying mechanisms
Authors: Jens A Leifert, J Lindsay Whitton
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

It has been suggested that several proteins, termed "translocatory" or "messenger" proteins, can move between living cells-exiting the cell of synthesis via an uncharacterized secretory pathway and entering adjacent cells by a nonendocytic mechanism that is active even at 4 degrees C. These activities, which have been mapped to short, highly basic regions termed "protein transduction domains" (PTDs), have engendered considerable interest in the gene therapy and vaccine research communities. If these proteins, and PTDs, are to be used in human or veterinary medicine, it is vital that the mechanisms underlying their effects be understood. This article presents a critical evaluation of the current literature and describes recent findings that indicate that the effects of these sequences might be explained by well-established biological principles.
PTU-015 Comparative Study Of Hybrid Technique (ht) Versus Fluoroscopic Technique (ft) For Insertion Of Self Expanding Metallic Stents (sems) In Non Traversable Oesophageal Tumours
Authors: A Goel, N Ishaq, E Darling, CJ Shorrock, V Mahesh
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> SEMS is an accepted palliation for dysphagia in patients with oesophageal cancer. Endoscopic technique (ET) for SEMS insertion has previously been shown to be safe, effective, less time consuming with improved positioning especially of the proximal end of the stent. The obvious limitation of ET is in non-traversable tumours (with standard endoscope), requiring ultraslim scopes which are not widely available. We employ a hybrid approach, using fluoroscopy for dilatation followed by direct endoscopic insertion of SEMS. Aims:To evaluate the outcomes following HT versus standard FT for oesophageal SEMS placement. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective case note review of all patients undergoing SEMS placement from Nov 2011 to Oct 2013 was performed. Data was collected on patient demographics, endoscopic and other outcome variables including re-intervention rates and survival. Statistical analyses were performed on GraphPad Prism Version 6 and Epi Info 7. <h3>Results</h3> 110 procedures were carried out on 96 patients (28 women, 68 men) with a median age 77.5 years (IQR 69–83.25, Range 52–99). 75 patients had adenocarcinoma, 19 squamous cell carcinoma and 2 benign diseases. SEMS deployment was successful in all 110 procedures. Of the 46 traversable tumours, 22 underwent ET and 24 FT for SEMS placement. 64 patients had non traversable tumours (with standard endoscope). HT was used in 21 and FT in 43 patients. Length of the stent deployed was not statistically different in both groups (HT 11.4 ± 0.5 cm, FT 11.0 ± 0.5 cm, P = 0.98). Good dysphagia alleviation was seen in both groups (dysphagia scores, HT cohort pre-stent 2.7 ± 0.16, post-stent 0.53 ± 0.87 P &lt; 0.001; FT cohort pre-stent 2.53 ± 0.09, post-stent 0.44 ± 0.11 P &lt; 0.001). Cumulative complications (reflux, pain, bleeding, food bolus obstruction) were similar for both techniques (HT 0.28 ± 0.1, FT 0.34 ± 0.1, P = 0.62). There was a tendency towards higher re-intervention for tumour overgrowth in the FT cohort (FT 7/43 patients, 129.4 ± 35.5 days; HT 2/21 patients, 215 ± 60 day, P = 0.33). Neither the stent length (P = 0.89) nor the technique used, had an influence on the need for re-stenting for tumour overgrowth (P = 0.68). Median survival was 141 days (IQR 46–180) in the HT group and 121 days (IQR 27.75–188.5) in the FT group. There were no instances of stent migration in the non-traversable group. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Outcomes following SEMS insertion in both techniques were similar. Hybrid approach is an acceptable alternative to fluoroscopy only, in patients with non-traversable tumours, with the added advantage of more accurate positioning of the proximal end of the stent under direct endoscopic visualisation. Limitations of the study are its retrospective nature, lack of data on diameter of stents. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging in Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor of the Abdomen
Authors: PERRY J. PICKHARDT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Positron emission tomography using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose can be a useful adjunct in the preoperative evaluation of soft tissue tumors and provide valuable information that cannot be obtained from CT or MRI. Desmoplastic small round cell tumor is an aggressive malignant neoplasm that has been described only recently. Primary tumor involvement of the peritoneum, predominately affecting adolescents and young adults, is the most common presentation with desmoplastic small round cell tumor. This diagnosis portends a poor prognosis, although multimodality therapy including surgery may prolong survival. Cross-sectional imaging studies typically show multiple, lobulated, peritoneal-based masses without an apparent organ of origin.
PROBABILIDAD DE RECIDIVA A CORTO PLAZO TRAS DSE EN NEOPLASIAS EPITELIALES
Authors: JC Marín-Gabriel, J Díaz-Tasende, P Cancelas-Navía, S Rodríguez-Muñoz, AJ Del Pozo-García, M Pérez-Carreras, M Alonso-Riaño, F Colina-Ruizdelgado, G Castellano-Tortajada
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Introducción: La disección submucosa endoscópica (DSE) permite reducir el riesgo de recidiva neoplásica en comparación con la resección mucosa endoscópica (RME).
TCTAP A-050 Restenotic Stented Versus De Novo Chronic Total Occlusion Outcomes Following Successful Intervention with Drug-eluting Stents
Authors: Sang-Ho Park, Seung-Woon Rha, Ung Jun, Se-Whan Lee, Won-Yong Shin, Seung-Jin Lee, Dong-Kyu Jin, Byoung Geol Choi, Se Yeon Choi, Yoonjee Park, Akkala Raghavender Goud, Hu Li, Sunki Lee, Ji Bak Kim, Sung Il Im, Jin Oh Na, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Tobacco Billboard Ads Target Youth, Minorities
Authors: J. Sliwa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Tobacco Billboard Ads Target Youth, Minorities Get access James Sliwa James Sliwa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 17, 6 September 1989, Pages 1282–1283, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.17.1282 Published: 06 September 1989
Abstract B56: Identification of genes involved in mammary tumor susceptibility and resistance in two strains of mice
Authors: Nicholas B. Griner, Shannon L. Compton, Ellen S. Dickinson, Michael Boehringer, Lisa Wiesmüller, D. Joseph Jerry
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Loss of p53 can lead to a variety of cancers, including breast cancer. Mice heterozygous for the p53 gene (designated Trp53+/−) develop spontaneous mammary tumors, but this depends on the strain background and has been linked to a locus on chromosome 7 (designated SuprMam1). Mammary tumors are common in BALB/c-Trp53+/−females, but are rare in C57BL/6-Trp53+/− mice. Prevalence of genomic instability appears to contribute to the phenotype as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) through mitotic recombination is significantly more common among tumors arising in BALB/c-Trp53+/− mice compared to C57BL/6J-Trp53+/− mice. This increased LOH in BALB/c-Trp53+/− tumors was shown to be due to recombination events. The Balb/c strain has been shown to have a deficiency in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) of DNA double strand breaks (dsb), however, this does not account for the increase of LOH events in tumors. Our hypothesis is that BALB/c-Trp53+/− mice are more susceptible to mammary tumors due to impaired dsb repair leading to LOH. Using the COMET assay, we demonstrate that dsbs persist longer in BALB/c-Trp53+/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) compared to C57BL/6J-Trp53+/− MEFs. Similarly, co-localization of H2AX and the homologous recombination protein RAD51 remain at dsb longer in BALB/c-Trp53+/− MEFs compared to C57BL/6-Trp53+/− MEFs suggesting a decreased efficiency of homologous recombination. Using a GFP reporter assay, homology-directed repair was decreased by 36% in MEFs from BALB/c-Trp53+/− compared to C57BL/6-Trp53+/−. Palb2 is a candidate gene as it lies within the SuprMam1 interval and has been shown to contribute to heritable breast cancer. Although no coding SNPs were found within Palb2, preliminary results show the BALB/c-Trp53+/− cells have a 30% decrease in Palb2 RNA compared to C57BL/6-Trp53+/− cells as assayed by RT-qPCR. These results identify defects in homology-directed repair of dsb in BALB/c which are linked to susceptibility to mammary tumors in this strain. Experiments are in progress analyzing these features in congenic strains. The results will elucidate potential low penetrance modifiers that determine resistance to mammary tumors in both mice and humans which can be used as targets for therapy as well as breast cancer screening. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):B56.
Effect of Pancreatic Elastase on Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Takashi Nagai, Takashi Tomizawa, Masatomo Mori
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

Pancreatic elastase has been shown to inhibit the thickening of glomerular basement membranes in experimental diabetic animals. We explored the clinical significance of the prolonged administration of pancreatic elastase on diabetic nephropathy, in patients whose blood glucose levels and blood pressure were controlled. Pancreatic elastase was administered for 12 months. Body weight levels, blood glucose levels, HbA,, values and blood pressure remained unchanged. Administrationof 10 800 U of pancreatic elastase caused a significant decrease in albuminuria (before administration, 512.4 f 79.8 mg/g creatinine vs. 12 months after administration, 284.1 + 61.9 mg/g creatinine, P < 0.01, n = 28). In the contrast group (n = 18), no significant changes in albuminuria were observed after administration of 300 mg of dilazep dihydrochloride. Serum levels of creatinine and urinary levels of NAG and &MG were not affected by pancreatic elastase. The present study indicates a significant inhibitory effect of pancreatic elastase on increased albuminuria in diabetic patients.
How well do ACPA discriminate and predict RA in the general population: a study based on 12 590 population-representative Swedish twins
Authors: Aase Haj Hensvold, Thomas Frisell, Patrik K E Magnusson, Rikard Holmdahl, Johan Askling, Anca Irinel Catrina
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

Objective Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the diagnostic accuracy of ACPA in the general population has not been thoroughly assessed. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ACPA for RA in the general population and to further characterise the citrullinated peptide recognition pattern. Methods Serum samples from a large population-representative twin cohort consisting of 12 590 individuals were analysed for the presence of ACPA using anti-CCP2 ELISA. All ACPA-positive samples were further tested on ELISAs for four peptide-specific ACPA. RA cases were identified by linkage to the Swedish National Patient Register at inclusion and after a median follow-up of 37 months (IQR 31–49). Results 350 out of 12 590 individuals had a positive anti-CCP2 test, measuring ACPA. Of these, 103 had an RA diagnosis at the time of blood donation and inclusion. During a median follow-up of 3 years, an additional 21 of the remaining 247 ACPA-positive individuals developed RA. Overall, a positive anti-CCP2 test had a positive predictive value of 29% for prevalent RA at inclusion (negative predictive value of 99.6%). High titres (&gt;3× cut-off) of anti-CCP2 increased the positive predictive value to 48% (negative predictive value of 99.5%). ACPA-positive individuals without RA had lower anti-CCP2 titres and fewer peptide-specific ACPA than ACPA-positive patients with RA and higher C reactive protein levels than ACPA-negative individuals without RA. Conclusion Presence of ACPA and especially high titres of anti-CCP2 have a high diagnostic accuracy for an RA diagnosis in a population setting.
P226 The Changing Face of Home NIV (Non Invasive Ventilation)
Authors: SV Fletcher, S Ewles, JE Wilkinson
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The number of patients requiring home NIV for chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure is rising and the indications are changing. This has significant service planning and cost implications. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective review of the database of all patients established on home NIV since 2004 was conducted. All clinical records from these patients were reviewed. The indication for NIV was classified as thoracic cage abnormalities, neuromuscular disease, OHS (obesity hypoventilation syndrome +/– obstructive sleep apnoea), COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), CF(cystic fibrosis) and ILD (interstitial lung disease)/other. The date of death was gained from the internal hospital records (eDocs) and through the NHS portal with the use of individual NHS numbers. <h3>Results</h3> There were 286 patients established on home NIV between 2004 and 2012, 162 were male, the overall mortality was 29%. There has been over a seven fold increase in the yearly prevalence of patients requiring home NIV and the indication for its use is changing over time (figure 1). The proportion of patients with thoracic cage abnormalities is reducing from 25% in 2004 to 11% in 2012. The use of NIV for obesity hypoventilation syndrome has increased 10 fold since 2004. This hospital is the regional neurosciences referral unit which may explain the large number of patients requiring NIV for neuromuscular disease, 45% of which had motor neurone disease. In 2004, the cost of setup with an NIV machine and consumable for a all new patients, plus the cost of consumables for those established on NIV was estimated to be £73,000; whereas this cost in 2011 was estimated to be £308,500 (incl VAT). This does not include the cost of personnel. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study highlights the changing face of home NIV service in terms of both the increasing numbers of patients requiring home NIV and the changing pattern of indication, particularly in the face of an emerging obesity epidemic.
Case 5-2003
Authors: Ivor Caro, Artur Zembowicz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Presentation of CaseA 16-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of pleuritic chest pain.Bilateral imbrication of the hip capsules had been performed 15 months earlier at this hospital because of recurrent bouts of hip dislocation. Evaluation at that time showed a positive test for antinuclear antibodies, at a titer of 1:2560 with a homogeneous pattern; tests for anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies were negative, and a test for anti–double-stranded DNA antibodies was also negative, at 1:10. The postoperative course was complicated by a burning, pruritic, erythematous rash that was believed to be erythema multiforme and was ascribed to . . .
Evidence for a Defect in Switch T Cells in Patients with Immunodeficiency and Hyperimmunoglobulinemia M
Authors: Lloyd Mayer, Sau Ping Kwan, Christopher Thompson, Hon Sum Ko, Nicholas Chiorazzi, Thomas Waldmann, Fred Rosen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Immunodeficiency with hyperimmunoglobulinemia M is a syndrome characterized by normal to elevated serum levels of IgM and low levels or absence of IgG and IgA. The defect in this syndrome is thought to reside within the B lymphocyte, which may be unable to undergo a "switch" in immunoglobulin class from IgM to IgG or IgA. To address this question more directly, we cultured B cells from nine patients with this syndrome with pokeweed mitogen and either "switch" T cells or normal control T cells. In cultures with normal T cells, only IgM was secreted, whereas in cultures with switch T cells, IgG as well as IgM, or IgM, IgG, and IgA were secreted. Furthermore, analysis of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes in these B cells by means of genetic probes of constant and switch regions revealed normal gene patterns. These data suggest that B cells from patients with hyperimmunoglobulinemia M may not be abnormal, as previously proposed, and that, at least in some patients with this syndrome, a defect in switch T cells may be pathogenic. (N Engl J Med 1986; 314:409–13.)
AB0426 Clinical significance of antiro/antila antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: R. Menor Almagro, M. Ruiz Tudela, F. Rodríguez, A. Jurado, J. de la Iglesia, J. Pérez Venegas, M. Cardiel, M. Cayón, M. Paez, J. Salaberri
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Several antibodies have proven useful in autoimmune diseases, as markers for diagnosis, prognosis or clinical manifestations. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the clinical utility and the various associations of antibodies SSA/Ro52, SSA/Ro60 and SSB/La in LES at a referral hospital in Spain. <h3>Methods</h3> We retrospectively analise the patterns of all the consecutive samples submitted to the Immunology Unit for antinuclear antibody screening between 2002 and 2012. ANA positive sera for indirect immunofluorescence test (IFI) were analised with a commercial immunoassay (Innolia-ANA update). 323 patients had more than one positive sample for some of the autoantibodies Ro52, Ro60 or La and the pattern of sera for each patient were virtually identical. 113 patients with diagnosis of LES were included in the study. Dependent variables: Each of the possible combinations of results of Ro52, Ro60 and La, ie: 52+/60+/La+; 52+/60+/La-; 52+/60-/La+; 52+/60-/La-; 52-/60+/La+; 52-/60+/La-; 52-/60-/La+. Independent variables: age, sex, diagnostic variables, pattern by IIF, result of the immunoassay, clinical features and laboratory variables. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 113 patients, 93,8% were women and 6,3% males, aged between 16 and 71 years (mean: 37,7; dev. Typical 13.9) in the moment of the diagnosis. The most frequent pattern were fine speckle, 68 cases (61,3%) and homogeneous 41 (36,6%) The relation of clinical symptoms and the positivity of Ro52, Ro60 and La in their various combinations (Table 1) showed the following statistical association: xerostomia and rheumatoid factor + with Ro52+/Ro60-/La+; arthritis with Ro52+/Ro60+/La-; xerostomia, xerophthalmia, hypergammaglobulinemia and rheumatoid factor with isolated Ro52+; pericardial effusion, subacute cutaneous lesions and hypocomplementemia with Ro52-/Ro60+/La-. In relation to IFI, fine speckeled pattern was positively associated with Ro52+/Ro60+/La+ combination (p 0,003), and La+ isolated (p 0,03). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our study found significant relationship between clinical and laboratory manifestations and different patterns of antibodies to Ro52, Ro60 and SSB. The combination of antibodies might be clinically useful because these associations have prognostic and therapeutic implications. Would be worthwhile to explore its usefulness in other ethnic groups. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Iron Overload in Africa
Authors: Victor Gordeuk, Joshua Mukiibi, Sandra J. Hasstedt, Wade Samowitz, Corwin Q. Edwards, George West, Solomon Ndambire, Jean Emmanual, Neal Nkanza, Zivanai Chapanduka, Maurice Randall, Paul Boone, Paula Romano, R.W. Martell, Toyoko Yamashita, Paul Effler, Gary Brittenham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

In contrast to hemochromatosis, which in white populations is inherited through a gene linked to the HLA locus, iron overload in sub-Saharan Africa is believed to result solely from increased dietary iron derived from traditional home-brewed beer. To examine the hypothesis that African iron overload also involves a genetic factor, we used likelihood analysis to test for an interaction between a gene (the hypothesized iron-loading locus) and an environmental factor (increased dietary iron) that determines transferrin saturation and unsaturated iron-binding capacity. We studied 236 members of 36 African families chosen because they contained index subjects with iron overload. Linkage to the HLA region was tested with use of lod scores.
SP0069 Molecular targets for therapy in systemic sclerosis
Authors: J.H. Distler
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Several key-pathways for the aberrant activation of fibroblasts in systemic sclerosis (SSc) have been identified in preclinical studies during the last years. The presentation will summerize recently identified molecular targets for novel anti-fibrotic approaches. We will focus in particular on morphogenic pathways, serotonin receptors and nuclear receptors. We will discuss the role of those pathways for fibroblast activation and potential options to target those pathways for the treatment of SSc and other fibrotic diseases. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> J. Distler Shareholder of: 4D Science GmbH, Grant/Research support from: Ergonex, BMS, Bayer Pharma, Celgene, Sanofi-Aventis, Novartis, Array Biopharma, Consultant for: Celgene, Bayer Pharma, Pfizer, JB Therapeutics, Speakers Bureau: Actelion, Pfizer, Bayer Pharma, JB Therapeutics
Stat Bite: Cost of Selected Diseases
Authors: T. Reynolds
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Stat Bite: Cost of Selected Diseases Get access Tom Reynolds Tom Reynolds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 4, 17 February 1993, Page 263, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.4.263 Published: 17 February 1993
The value of routine bone marrow biopsy in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma staged with PET/CT: a Danish-Canadian study
Authors: M. Alzahrani, T.C. El-Galaly, M. Hutchings, J.W. Hansen, A. Loft, H.E. Johnsen, V. Iyer, D. Wilson, L.H. Sehn, K.J. Savage, J.M. Connors, R.D. Gascoyne, P. Johansen, E. Clasen-Linde, P. Brown, D. Villa
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Case 32-1991
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, M.A. Samuels, R.A. Sobel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Presentation of CaseA 35-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of the gradual onset of a change in mental status and left-sided neurologic abnormalities.The patient was well until four or five months earlier, when he began to experience difficulty in finding his way while driving his car over familiar routes. During ensuing months he had increasing problems in carrying out activities that were dependent on previously acquired information and also experienced difficulty in organizing new memories. Two or three weeks before admission he began to have episodes of lightheadedness and became aware of unsteadiness of gait, with . . .