tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vasculitis
Authors: Janet M. Torpy, Cassio Lynm, Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Vasculitis Inflammation of the blood vessels, also known as vasculitis, occurs as a part of several autoimmune disease states.Many autoimmune diseases are caused by production of antibodies (proteins made by the immune system) against the body' s own tissues.Because vasculitis can occur in many forms, individuals with vasculitis may have different signs and symptoms.Sometimes vasculitis affects the smallest blood vessels in the body (capillaries).Other vasculitis syndromes cause large blood vessel disease, such as aortic aneurysms (weakness and bulging of part of the large blood vessel from the heart).Vasculitis can also cause loss of blood flow to the extremities or organs, including the heart, the kidneys, and the brain.The August 8, 2007, issue of JAMA includes an article about vasculitis.
An Evaluation of the Proposed International Clinical Staging System for Cancer of the Breast&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Zippin, Calvin, Kohn, Henry I.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1960)

Journal Article An Evaluation of the Proposed International Clinical Staging System for Cancer of the Breast Get access Calvin Zippin, Calvin Zippin General Tumor Registry of the Cancer Research Institute, Department of Preventive Medicine, and Radiological Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Henry I. Kohn Henry I. Kohn General Tumor Registry of the Cancer Research Institute, Department of Preventive Medicine, and Radiological Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 25, Issue 1, July 1960, Pages 13–24, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/25.1.13 Published: 01 July 1960 Article history Received: 27 October 1959 Published: 01 July 1960
Prognostic Significance of Morphological Evaluation of Tumor Cells in Multiple Myeloma.
Authors: Mohammed Al-sahmani, Irena Trnavska, Monika Antosova, Libuse Antosova, Jarmila Kissova, Hana Filkova, Jan Smetana, Zdenek Adam, Ludek Pour, Marta Krejci, Lenka Zahradova, Alena Bulikova, Miroslav Penka, Petr Kuglik, Roman Hajek
Journal: Blood (2009)
Dehydropeptidase Activity of Normal and Pathological Human Sera
Authors: Alton Meister, Jesse P. Greenstein
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1948)

Journal Article Dehydropeptidase Activity of Normal and Pathological Human Sera Get access Alton Meister, Alton Meister assistant surgeon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jesse P. Greenstein Jesse P. Greenstein chief biochemist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 8, Issue 4, February 1948, Pages 169–171, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/8.4.169 Published: 01 February 1948 Article history Received: 04 December 1947 Published: 01 February 1948
A Tale of Two Patients
Authors: Nancy R. Kressin, Sheila E. Chapman, Jared W. Magnani
Journal: Circulation (2016)

The disparate effects of social determinants of health on cardiovascular health status and health care have been extensively documented by epidemiology. Yet, very little attention has been paid to how understanding and addressing social determinants of health might improve the quality of clinical interactions, especially by improving patients’ adherence to recommended therapies. We present a case and suggested approach to illustrate how cardiovascular clinicians can use patient-centered approaches to identify and address social determinants of health barriers to adherence and reduce the impact of unconscious clinician biases. We propose that cardiovascular clinicians (1) recognize that patients may have different belief systems about illnesses’ cause and treatment, which may influence their actions, and not assume they share one’s experiences or explanatory model; (2) Endeavor to understand the individual patient before you; (3) based on that understanding, tailor your approach to that individual. We suggest a previously-developed mnemonic for an approach to RESPECT the patient: First, show Respect; then elicit patients’ understandings of their illness by asking about their Explanatory model. Ask about the patient’s Social context, share Power in the interaction, show Empathy, ask about Concerns or fears, and work to develop Trust by building the relationship over time. We provide additional clinical resources to support these efforts, including lay descriptions of cardiovascular conditions, challenges to adherence, and suggested strategies to address them.
Art: When flesh thinks
Authors: Colin Martin
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Artist Susan Aldworth's interest in the mystery of human consciousness, which she has explored in her work over the past five years, was triggered by a radiological investigation carried out on Christmas Day 1999, following her suspected brain haemorrhage. “You are lying on a bed looking up at your brain scan live on a bank of monitors. You are seeing the inside of your brain with your brain. You are thinking about what you are seeing on the screen with what you are seeing on the screen. You are looking inside your head while thinking, seeing, feeling—your brain is working while you are looking inside it. But where is the `me' in all this?” As a direct result, Aldworth made her first print about consciousness, Between a Thing and a Thought.

The work collectively titled Matter into Imagination, included in Aldworth's current exhibitions, resulted from her interdisciplinary investigation of the human brain and issues of personal identity, inspired by the great strides made recently by neurophysiologists. It includes drawings made on location in hospital clinics, printed etchings, zinc etching plates, and a short film. Aldworth is artist in residence at The Royal London Hospital, where she collaborates with consultant neuroradiologist Dr Paul Butler, with contributions from neuropsychologist and author Dr Paul Broks.

“Being on location in a hospital has been central to this body of work,” says Aldworth. The vivid colours used in Location 1-24, 2005-6—a series of drawings based on her observation of neuroradiological procedures—represent the personalities of the patients lying on the operating table.

Aldworth has also produced an innovative series of Brainscape etchings in collaboration with master etcher Nigel Oxley at London Metropolitan University, where she is also an artist in residence. Their unusually fast etching process became a metaphor for rapidly firing cerebral neurones and the resulting prints, predominantly printed with blue inks, are cognitive blueprints that fix the moments when “flesh thinks.”




Figure 1



Between a Thing and a Thought
Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Disease in the Rapidly Changing Economy of China
Authors: Yangfeng Wu, Emelia J. Benjamin, Stephen MacMahon
Journal: Circulation (2016)

With one-fifth of the world's total population, China's prevention and control of cardiovascular disease (CVD) may affect the success of worldwide efforts to achieve sustainable CVD reduction. Understanding China's current cardiovascular epidemic requires awareness of the economic development in the past decades. The rapid economic transformations (industrialization, marketization, urbanization, globalization, and informationalization) contributed to the aging demography, unhealthy lifestyles, and environmental changes. The latter have predisposed to increasing cardiovascular risk factors and the CVD pandemic. Rising CVD rates have had a major economic impact, which has challenged the healthcare system and the whole society. With recognition of the importance of health, initial political steps and national actions have been taken to address the CVD epidemic. Looking to the future, we recommend that 4 priorities should be taken: pursue multisectorial government and nongovernment strategies targeting the underlying causes of CVD (the whole-of-government and whole-of-society policy); give priority to prevention; reform the healthcare system to fit the nature of noncommunicable diseases; and conduct research for evidence-based, low-cost, simple, sustainable, and scalable interventions. By pursuing the 4 priorities, the pandemic of CVD and other major noncommunicable diseases in China will be reversed and the global sustainable development goal achieved.
EPT-06OUTCOMES FOR PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT MEDULLOBLASTOMA OR EPENDYMOMA ENROLLED ON PHASE II CLINICAL TRIALS: AN ANALYSIS OF CONTEMPORARY CHILDREN'S ONCOLOGY GROUP (COG) AND PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR CONSORTIUM (PBTC) TRIALS
Authors: Eugene Hwang, Catherine Billups, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Katherine Warren, Oren Beaty, Sridharan Gururangan, Roger Packer, Maryam Fouladi, Amar Gajjar
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Preclinical immunotherapy studies using an orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse model.
Authors: Despina Siolas, Orlando Aristizabal, Kate Byrne, Lawrence P. Leichman, Robert H. Vonderheide, Dafna Bar-Sagi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

324 Background: Pancreatic cancer is well known for its aggressive clinical course and resistance to chemotherapy. The advent of new mouse models of pancreatic cancer have accelerated our understanding of tumorigenesis and enabled preclinical testing of experimental therapeutics with a desire to translate these findings into meaningful clinical treatments. Methods: We have developed a model where pancreatic cells obtained from a Kras G12D ;Trp53 R172H genetically engineered mouse can be cultivated in two dimensional cell culture and implanted into the pancreas of a immunocompetent syngeneic mouse allowing for tumor formation in situ. In addition, we are using this model to study the effectiveness of new drug combination therapy such as gemcitabine, albumin-bound paclitaxel and CD40 agonist immunotherapy using overall survival as a primary endpoint. Results: These cells generate tumors of five millimeter diameter within two weeks of implantation with 100% efficiency. Because cancer cells are seeded in the context of normal surrounding pancreatic tissue, this model is not hampered by the genetic field effect of expressing cancer mutations in the entire pancreatic organ, allowing for the study of the tumor microenviroment. Responses to therapeutic interventions can be non-invasively monitored through small animal high resolution ultrasound. Conclusions: Our orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse system is an effective model for pre-clinical studies of tumorigenesis, immunotherapy and examination of the tumor microenvironment. Future experiments will focus on exploiting this system for identifying potent immunotherapy and chemotherapy combinations and for detecting biomarkers of efficiency.
Usefulness of Statistical Models To Assess the Benefit of Breast Cancer Screening: A Reply
Authors: David M. Eddy
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Journal Article Usefulness of Statistical Models To Assess the Benefit of Breast Cancer Screening: A Reply Get access David M. Eddy David M. Eddy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 64, Issue 6, June 1980, Page 1277, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/64.6.1277 Published: 01 June 1980
LG-44OCCURRENCE OF BRAF V600E MUTATION IN A PEDIATRIC BRAINSTEM GANGLIOGLIOMA WITH NEAR EXCLUSIVE GLIAL COMPONENT IN THE ORIGINAL BIOPSY
Authors: Alex Feldman, David Kelly, Alyssa Reddy, Jeffrey Blount, Rong Li
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

LG-44. OCCURRENCE OF BRAF V600E MUTATION IN A PEDIATRIC BRAINSTEM GANGLIOGLIOMA WITH NEAR EXCLUSIVE GLIAL COMPONENT IN THE ORIGINAL BIOPSY Alex Feldman, David Kelly, Alyssa Reddy, Jeffrey Blount, and Rong Li; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA A five-year-old male who initially presented with apneic episodes and morbid obesity underwent imaging studies, which revealed a dorsally exophytic medullary tumor in 2014. A biopsy showed a classic pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) with no apparent neoplastic neuronal component. Following completion of chemotherapy, the patient presented again in January of 2016 with worsening symptoms; the tumor was found to have grown in size with brainstem compression. Debulking was performed. Unexpectedly, the histology of this tumor showed a ganglioglioma (GG) with many clusters of enlarged, misshapen, dysmorphic-appearing and occasionally binucleated neurons. Furthermore, BRAF V600E mutations were identified in both prior and recurrent tumors. Recent publications have found that the BRAF V600E mutation is seen in 20-58% of all GGs. In particular, pediatric brainstem GGs appear to harbor this mutation at a rate greater than 50%. Few studies have investigated the distribution of BRAF aberrations among neuronal and glial components in GGs. Pilocytic astrocytomas often possess BRAF abnormalities, though fusion genes (i.e BRAF-KIAA1549) are considerably more common (60-80%) than the BRAF V600E missense mutations (only seen in 10-12% of pediatric brainstem PAs). This case highlights the presence of the BRAF point mutation in both glial and neuronal component of a pediatric brainstem GG, supporting the hypothesis that a glioneuronal lineage precursor is initially affected by the mutation. Additionally, the presence of the BRAF point mutation in a brainstem pilocytic astrocytoma should raise the possibility of a GG in which sampling artifact highlights a near exclusive glial component. Neuro-Oncology 18:iii78–iii96, 2016. doi:10.1093/neuonc/now075.44 #The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
HepSEQ – an Integrated Hepatitis B Epidemiology and Sequence Analysis Platform
Authors: R Myers, S Gnaneshan, S Ijaz, R Tedder, M Ramsay, J Green, Collective HepSEQ Steering Committee
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major human pathogen. The outcome of acute hepatitis B is variable but usually followed by a complete recovery. A small proportion of infections in adults and a higher proportion of infections in early childhood continue in a chronically infected state in which the virus persists in the liver. Patients with chronic hepatitis B usually have no initial symptoms of infection, but over time the major disease sequelae, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, can develop. It is estimated that some 350 million people worldwide are currently chronically infected with HBV, but many more will have been infected and recovered.
Staphylococcus Aureus Targets the Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) to Lyse Erythrocytes
Authors: Andras Spaan, Tamara Reyes-Robles, Cédric Badiou, Sylvie Cochet, Kristina Boguslawski, Pauline Yoong, Christopher J. Christopher J. Day, Carla J.C de Haas, Kok P.M. van Kessel, François Vandenesch, Michael P. Jennings, Caroline Le Van Kim, Yves Colin Aronovicz, Jos A.G van Strijp, Thomas Henry, Victor J. Torres
Journal: Blood (2015)
Outbreak of Shigella sonnei infection in Norway linked to consumption of fresh basil, October 2011
Authors: B Guzman-Herrador, L Vold, H Comelli, E MacDonald, B  T Heier, A L Wester, T  L Stavnes, L Jensvoll, A Lindegård Aanstad, G Severinsen, J Aasgaard Grini, Ø Werner Johansen, K Cudjoe, K Nygård
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

We report a Shigella sonnei outbreak of 46 cases that occurred in Norway during October 2011. Two municipalities were involved. A large cluster (42 cases)was concentrated in north Norway, while a smallcluster (4 cases) occurred in the south-east region.Epidemiological evidence and trace back investigations have linked the outbreak to the consumption of imported fresh basil. The product has been withdrawn from the market. No further cases have been reported since 25 October.
DNA-Ploidy, Morphometric-Stereological and P-Glycoprotein Study of Superficial Bladder Carcinomas
Authors: M C Sanchez-Fernandez de Sevilla, M Gil-Salmon, M Perez-Bacete, L Morell-Quadreny, F Martinez-Diaz, I Iborra-Juan, B Fenollosa-Entrena, A Llombart-Bosch
Journal: European Urology (1992)
A new nationwide genomic screening system in Japan for the development of targeted therapies against advanced non-small lung cancers with rare driver mutations.
Authors: Shingo Matsumoto, Katsuya Tsuchihara, Kiyotaka Yoh, Yoshitaka Zenke, Takashi Kohno, Genichiro Ishii, Koji Tsuta, Shigeki Umemura, Seiji Niho, Hironobu Ohmatsu, Yuichiro Ohe, Takeharu Yamanaka, Koichi Goto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

11007 Background: A variety of targetable driver mutations other than EGFR mutations and ALKfusions occur in 1%-2% of NSCLCs. Efficient screening systems for these rare mutations are necessary for the successful development of targeted therapies. Methods: In February 2013, a new nationwide genomic screening system (LC-SCRUM-Japan) was established in Japan to screen advanced non-squamous NSCLCs without EGFR mutations for primarily ALK/RET/ROS1fusions. In November 2013, this system was amended to further screen for other driver mutations in fusion-negative cancers after the primary screening. Ten nanograms of genomic DNA extracted from biopsy or cytology specimens were subjected to the Ion Torrent AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel, version 2, and Ion Torrent next-generation sequencing, enabling the simultaneous analysis of ˜2800 hotspot mutations in 50 cancer-related genes. Results: As of January 31, 2014, a total of 158 institutions were participating and 507 patients were enrolled in LC-SCRUM-Japan. Among the 148 cases that were enrolled after the protocol amendment, ALK/RET/ROS1 fusions were detected in 1 (1%)/7 (5%)/8 (5%) cases, respectively, and 107 cases without fusions were transferred to the multiplex mutation screening. In the mutation screening, a total of 121 mutations were detected in 79 cases (74%), including 46 mutations in driver oncogenes in a mutually exclusive manner (23 KRAS mutations [21%], 7 BRAF mutations [7%], 5 ERBB2 mutations [5%], 2 PIK3CA mutations [2%] and 1 NRAS mutation [1%]). In addition, 43 TP53 mutations, 5 CDKN2A mutations, 4 MLH1 mutations, 2 PTEN mutations, 1 IDH1 mutation, 1 IDH2 mutation, 1 FBWX7 mutation, 1 SMAD4 mutation and 1 STK11 mutation were detected. Among them, a case with a BRAF V600E mutation was enrolled in a global phase II study of a BRAF inhibitor, dabrafenib (NCT01336634). Conclusions: This screening system enabled rare fusions and mutations in driver oncogenes, especially RET, ROS1, KRAS, BRAF and ERBB2, to be detected precisely and more frequently in limited amounts of samples from advanced NSCLCs, thereby contributing to the enrollment of patients in clinical trials for targeted therapies.
TB-12ARGININE AUXOTROPHY IN PAEDIATRIC CNS TUMOURS: THE RATIONALE FOR THERAPEUTIC ARGININE DEPLETION AS A NOVEL ANTI-CANCER THERAPY
Authors: Madhumita Dandapani, Carmela De Santo, Francis Mussai
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

TB-12. ARGININE AUXOTROPHY IN PAEDIATRIC CNS TUMOURS: THE RATIONALE FOR THERAPEUTIC ARGININE DEPLETION AS A NOVEL ANTI-CANCER THERAPY Madhumita Dandapani1, Carmela De Santo2, and Francis Mussai1,2; Birmingham Childrens Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK BACKGROUND: Despite significant improvements in survival of children with cancer, certain brain tumours have poor outcomes, particularly in the relapse setting. Therefore novel therapeutic strategies are needed. We have identified that some cancers are dependent on arginine for survival due to the absence of arginine recycling enzymes (arginine auxotrophism) and that this arginine addiction can be targeted. There is no published data thus far on arginine auxotrophy in paediatric CNS tumours. AIM: To examine the levels of gene expression of key enzymes involved in the synthesis and recycling of arginine in CNS tumours. METHODS: Using the R2 genomics platform,we analysed the expression of arginoscuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1); ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC); arginosuccinate lyase (ASL), Arginase 1 and 2 isoforms and the cationic transporters CAT1 and CAT2 in a range of published CNS tumour datasets. Arginine auxotrophy was defined normal or high expression of ASS and low expression of OTC, compared to normal brain tissue and the housekeeping gene GAPDH. RESULTS: High grade glioma, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, ependymoma and medulloblastoma had high ASS and very low OTC expression levels compared to normal brain strongly suggesting arginine auxotrophism. Interesting all CNS tumours studied had high ASL expression. CONCLUSION: Several difficult to treat CNS tumours have the molecular features of arginine dependence. Therapeutic arginine depletion (using recombinant arginase BCT-100) may be a novel strategy for treatment of these tumours within the context of an early phase clinical trial. Neuro-Oncology 18:iii169–iii173, 2016. doi:10.1093/neuonc/now084.9 #The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.