tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-030 Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea (CDAD) in Hospitalized Patients – does Flexible Sigmoidoscopy (FS) Alter Management?
Authors: B Krishnan, V Sehgal, K Besherdas
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Clostridium difficile (CD) colitis is a major complication of antibiotic therapy. The most widely used test for diagnosing C. difficile colitis is a test that detects toxins produced by CD in a stool sample. Flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) or colonoscopy can show the characteristic pseudomembrane plaque appearance in about half of affected patients. It is usually performed if rapid diagnosis is needed or in a patient who has ileus. However, some patients with CD colitis will have pseudomembranes only in the right colon. Our aim was to assess whether patients, with confirmed CDAD, had their management altered following FS. <h3>Methods</h3> A single centre, retrospective analysis of patients who had a FS with stool culture confirmed CDAD admitted to our CD ward (CDW) over 7 years (March 2005–2012) was performed at a district general hospital in North London. The medical notes, endoscopy database and electronic results of patients on CDW undergoing FS was scrutinised. <h3>Results</h3> 18 patients on CDW had a FS during the study period. 2 patients were excluded as they were found to be CD negative. 16 of the 1535 (1.04%) patients diagnosed with CDAD at our hospital during this period had a FS. The mean age was 74.1 (range 37–93) with 6 males. FS was requested 27 days (range 1 – 100) and the procedure was performed 40 days (range 10–110) after the diagnosis of CD was made. The indications were persistent diarrhoea in 82% (13/16), bleeding PR 6% (1/16), abnormal CT scan 6% (1/16) and previous CMV colitis 6% (1/16). 8(50%) patients had a normal FS, 2(13%) had pseudomembranous colitis, and 1 (6%) patient each had adenocarcinoma, colonic polyps, diverticulosis and infective colitis. 2 (13%) patients were newly diagnosed to have ulcerative colitis and were started on mesalazine and steroids along with CD treatment. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this study only a small proportion of patients (1.04%) with CDAD underwent FS. However, when FS is performed in patients with CDAD with persistent symptoms it aids in clarification of the diagnosis with an abnormal FS noted in 50% of patients. From our observation we would recommend FS in CDAD if symptoms persist despite treatment due to the high positive findings at FS. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract 996: Receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is upregulated in metformin resistant prostate cancer cells.
Authors: Nitu Bansal, Prasun Mishra, Kathleen Cruz, Joseph Bertino
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Metformin is a biguanine derivative, widely used as an antidiabetic drug. Epidemiological studies on several types of cancers including breast, prostate, ovarian and pancreatic cancer show that patients treated with metformin have a lower incidence of cancer. Mechanistic studies have shown that metformin inhibits cancer cell viability by activating the AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and inhibiting mTOR. In this study we developed a metformin resistance LnCap prostate cancer cells by exposing the cells continuously increasing concentrations of metformin. Micro-array data analysis comparing the resistant cells (4-fold) to parental cells showed that genes associated with receptor binding and with cell proliferation are primarily affected. EDIL3 (EGF-like repeats and discoidin I-like domains 3), EREG (eEpiregulin) and AXL (Axl receptor tyrosine kinase) are top three up regulated genes (∼ 35 fold). CALB2 (cCalbindin 2) and TPTE (transmembrane phosphatase with tensin homology) were the top down regulated genes (10 fold down regulated). AXL overexpression has earlier been demonstrated in Imatinib resistant CML cell lines and in CML cells from patients. We are currently investigating the role of Axl receptor tyrosine kinase in metformin resistant prostate cancer cells. Citation Format: Nitu Bansal, Prasun Mishra, Kathleen Cruz, Joseph Bertino. Receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is upregulated in metformin resistant prostate cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 996. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-996
Abstract 3470: Effects of combined phytochemicals on skin tumorgenesis in SENCAR mice
Authors: Magdalena C. Kowalczyk, Jacob Junco, Piotr Kowalczyk, Olga Tolstykh, Margaret Hanausek, Thomas J. Slaga, Zbigniew Walaszek
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of combined action of phytochemicals on early stages of skin tumorgenesis, i.e., initiation and promotion. We tested calcium D-glucarate (CG) given in the diet, while resveratrol (RES) and ursolic acid (URA) were applied topically. The 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-initiated, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-promoted multistage skin carcinogenesis model in SENCAR mice was used. Mice (6-7 weeks old) with shaved backs received one topical dose of DMBA (20 nmol), then after one month, two weekly doses (2 µg each) of TPA (tumor promoter) for 14 weeks until sacrifice. The phytochemicals RES (2.5 μmol) or URA (1 μmol) were applied topically 20 min prior to DMBA or TPA treatment and 2% dietary CG was given in the AIN-93G diet from 2 weeks prior to 2 weeks after the DMBA dose or continually beginning 2 weeks prior to the first dose of TPA. We determined the tumor incidence (% of mice with tumors) and tumor multiplicity (number of tumors per mouse) and using RT-PCR and immunochistochemical analyses, we checked the expression of some cell proliferation and inflammation related genes. URA applied alone and in combination with CG during the promotion stage was a strong inhibitor of tumor multiplicity and tumor incidence. Combinations of URA with dietary CG appeared to show some synergistic effects. All compounds and their combinations reduced epidermal proliferation, but only URA and a combination CG/URA applied during promotion significantly reduced hyperplasia, as determined by epidermal thickness measurements taken at 14 weeks of TPA treatment. DMBA/TPA treatments resulted in epidermal hyperplasia, characterized by significant increase in transcription factor AP-1 components and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) expression levels with a simultaneously increased expression of the inflammation markers COX-2 and IL-6, compared to untreated controls. All anti-promotion treatments (either single compounds or their combinations) caused a marked decrease of inflammation related genes levels compared to the DMBA/TPA control. On the other hand, only URA and URA with dietary CG diminished the induced expression of proto-oncogenes c-jun and c-fos (components of AP-1) and the expression of NFkB protein p50. These results show that URA is a potent inhibitor of skin tumor promotion and it may be useful in the prevention of skin cancer and other epithelial cancers in humans. Supported by NIH grants CA 102747 and P30 CA 54174-16S1. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3470.
Genetic Analysis and Midline Malignancies of Uncertain Origin
Authors: Charles M. Haskell
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Genetic Analysis and Midline Malignancies of Uncertain Origin Get access Charles M. Haskell Charles M. Haskell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 5, 6 March 1991, Page 316, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.5.316 Published: 06 March 1991 Article history Received: 29 January 1991 Accepted: 30 January 1991 Published: 06 March 1991
Abstract 2908: A sensitive immunohistochemistry method for <i>in vivo</i> autophagy biomarker detection and pharmacodynamic studies
Authors: Yu Yang, Natalie Roy D'Amore, Jouhara Chouitar, Jie Yu, Kristine Burke, Zhongmin Xiang, Lunyin Yu, Kerri Lasky, James Brownell, Chris Simpson, Evan Luongo, Doug Bowman, Stephen Tirrell, Helen He
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a powerful tool for studying pharmacodynamic biomarkers in tissue samples. However, IHC using standard methodologies to monitor autophagy has met with limited success due to the technical difficulties involved in detecting transient and low abundance autophagy markers. To address this issue, we have applied a highly sensitive IHC method using a tyramide-based signal amplification system to detect autophagy pathway proteins in paraffin sections of human tumor cell line and xenograft tissues. We were able to detect basal levels of punctate staining LC3B and NBR1 on both HCT116 and Calu-6 xenograft tumors using the tyramide-based signal amplification method whereas standard IHC showed little to no specific staining. Consistent with in vitro observations, lipidated LC3B, as detected by puncta formation, was elevated following autophagy induction using mTOR inhibitor treatment, and decreased following ATG7 knockout or knock down in both cell lines and xenograft tumors. As a result of autophagy pathway interruption following ATG7 inhibition, accumulation of the adapter proteins NBR1 and p62 was also detected. Our data demonstrate the feasibility of using high sensitivity IHC assays to reliably measure low abundant autophagy markers in xenograft tissues and may aid the exploration of autophagy regulation in cancer development. Citation Format: Yu Yang, Natalie Roy D'Amore, Jouhara Chouitar, Jie Yu, Kristine Burke, Zhongmin Xiang, Lunyin Yu, Kerri Lasky, James Brownell, Chris Simpson, Evan Luongo, Doug Bowman, Stephen Tirrell, Helen He. A sensitive immunohistochemistry method for in vivo autophagy biomarker detection and pharmacodynamic studies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2908. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2908
An unusual cause of shortness of breath in a young boy
Authors: Tianyou Yang, Jiliang Yang, Jiahao Li, Jing Pan, Yan Zou
Journal: Thorax (2016)

A 17-month-old boy presented with shortness of breath of 3 days' duration. Physical examination showed a respiratory rate of 38/min and no breath sounds over the left hemithorax. Chest radiography showed a large air-filled structure in the left hemithorax, mimicking encapsulated pneumothorax (figure 1). CT identified a large structure containing air and fluid occupying the entire left hemithorax (figure 2).



Figure 1 
Chest radiography revealed a large gas-filled structure in the left hemithorax, nearly complete collapse of the left lung (the apex of the left lung, arrowhead), rightward …
EUS-guided transjejunal pancreatic pseudocyst drainage in a patient who underwent totalgastrectomy with roux-en Y anastomosis
Authors: Tsuji Shujiro, Itoi Takao, Sofuni Atsushi, Itokawa Fumihide, Tsuchiya Takayoshi, Kurihara Toshio, Ishii Kentarou, Nobuhito Ikeuchi, Umeda Junko, Tanaka Reina, Moriyasu Fuminori
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Background: EUS-guided pseudocyst drainage is safety and reasonable and an effective treatment. However EUS-guided transjejunal drainage has been described in only few reports.
The Diagnosis of Thoracic Aortic Dissection by Noninvasive Imaging Procedures
Authors: Christoph A. Nienaber, Yskert von Kodolitsch, Volkmar Nicolas, Volker Siglow, Angela Piepho, Carsten Brockhoff, Dietmar H. Koschyk, Rolf P. Spielmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

This study was designed to assess the safety and reliability of new noninvasive imaging methods as compared with aortography in the diagnosis of dissection of the thoracic aorta. One hundred ten patients with clinically suspected aortic dissection followed a diagnostic protocol that included transthoracic and transesophageal color-flow Doppler echocardiography (TTE and TEE), contrast-enhanced x-ray computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Imaging results were compared in a blinded fashion and validated independently against intraoperative findings in 62 patients, autopsy findings in 7, and the results of contrast angiography in 64.
Abstract P5-11-06: Impact of Educational Material on Compliance and Persistence Rates with Adjuvant Aromatase Inhibitors: First Year Data in Patients Recruited in France (CARIATIDE STUDY)
Authors: D Serin, S Clippe, M Resbeut, A Radji, N Jovenin, C Benoit, D Spaeth, L Puyuelo, D Jaubert, D Cowen, J-M Ferrero, M Marty, M Buyse, H El Amiri, P. Piedbois
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Rationale: Issues have been reported with aromatase inhibitors (AI) compliance in adjuvant breast cancer. The present study was performed in order to better assess patient (pt) compliance, and to test whether educational material (EM) can improve compliance rate. Methods: This 2-year observational study (NCT00681122) was conducted on 2,758 patients in 18 countries, and completed in March 2009. Pts were allocated to Standard Therapy AI (anastrozole or letrozole), Group A, or to Standard Therapy + EM (Group B) following a 1:1 randomisation. EM consisted of a range of information on breast cancer-related topics. Primary endpoint was compliance rate for AI: patient is defined as being compliant if she took more than 80% of her tablets during the last year. Secondary endpoints were: persistence rate at 1 and 2 years (patient is classified as a persistent user of adjuvant AI medication when the data supports the persistent intake of adjuvant AI medication during the one-year period), and reasons for and time to AI discontinuation. Specialised questionnaires were used to evaluate pt compliance and behaviour (EORTC-INPATSAT-32, OPTIMA-X, GHQ-12, FACT-ES, compliance questionnaire and EM feedback in Group B).Results: 711 pts were randomised in France, 348 in Groupe A and 363 in Groupe B. Pt characteristics were well balanced across randomised arms. Mean age was 65 years, mean BMI was 26, 20% of pts had received hormone replacement therapy, and 68% had associated co-morbidities, including musculoskeletal disorders in 12%. Preliminary analysis showed that compliance rate at 1 year was only 74%, with no difference between the 2 groups (73% in Group A vs. 74% in Group B). Persistence rates were also similar (77% vs.78%). AI discontinuations were mainly attributed to AI related side effects. Prognostic factor analysis showed no baseline characteristics associated with compliance behaviours.Conclusion: At 1 year, Cariatide preliminary analysis showed that compliance rate of adjuvant AI in France does not exceed 74%, and is not improved by EM. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-11-06.
Variations in Hepatic Blood Flow in Man during Health and Disease
Authors: Stanley E. Bradley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE liver acts as a selective barrier between the gastrointestinal tract and the systemic circulation, metabolizing, detoxifying and elaborating for further physiologic disposition various substances that enter the portal blood during digestion. Unquestionably, the rich and complex vasculature of the liver serves these processes by providing an adequate supply of oxygen and raw materials. In addition, this extensive vascularity itself may indicate an important role in cardiovascular dynamics.Unfortunately, very little is known about the physiology of the hepatic circulation, largely because it is so inaccessible. Traumatic surgical manipulations required for its study are obviously inapplicable in the study of . . .
P1-08-11: Differences in Recurrence Dynamics between Lobular and Ductal Invasive Breast Cancer.
Authors: S Siesling, ABG Kwast, I Grandjean, V Ho, der Sangen MJC van, MBE Menke-Pluymers, VCG Tjan-Heijnen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Many studies investigated disease free survival after breast cancer treatment. A few studies focused on patterns of recurrence risk over time. However, they ignored the impact of histology. This study aimed to determine differences in recurrence dynamics on population-based data between patients with a ductal breast cancer (DBC) and lobular breast cancer (LBC). Methods: All surgically treated women diagnosed in 2003–2004 with invasive DBC or LBC, with no distant metastases or second primary breast cancer were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. The recurrence patterns were studied using the life-table method to estimate the hazard rate for the first recurrence with the worst prognosis (locoregional (LRR) or distant metastases), that is, the conditional probability of manifesting recurrence in a time interval, given that the patient is clinically free of any recurrence at the beginning of the interval. The wilcoxon test was used to determine differences in recurrence patterns between DBC and LBC. Results: Of 16,231 women identified, 87% had DBC and 13% LBC. LRR was found in 4% of the DBC and in 3% of the LBC patients, whereas metastases were found in 11% and 10% of patients, respectively. Notably, in DBC patients a peak in recurrence rate was seen between 1–2 years after diagnosis, both for LRR and distant metastases. On the other hand, in LBC patients the recurrence pattern did not show major peaks: after 2 years the curve revealed an almost steady level for LRR and distant metastases. This recurrence pattern was significantly different (P=&amp;lt;0.001). Moreover, the influence of age, stage and treatment on recurrence differed between DBC and LBC. We also noticed a difference in localization of metastasis. Conclusion: Our study showed an overall equal number of recurrences after DBC and LBC, but with a totally different recurrence pattern, which could have implications on follow-up of the patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-08-11.
Frequent Somatic Allelic Inactivation of the E-cadherin Gene in Gastric Carcinomas
Authors: K.-F. Becker, H. Hofler
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Frequent Somatic Allelic Inactivation of the E-cadherin Gene in Gastric Carcinomas Get access Karl-Friedrich Becker, Karl-Friedrich Becker * GSF-Forschungszentrum, Neuherberg, Institut für PathologieOberschleissheim, Federal Republic of Germany (F.R.G.) *Correspondence to : Karl-Friedrich Becker, Ph.D., GSF-Forschungszentrum Neuherberg, Institut für Pathologie, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Federal Republic of Germany. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Heinz Höfler Heinz Höfler Technische Universität, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Pathologie und Pathologische AnatomieMünchen, F.R.G. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 14, 19 July 1995, Pages 1082–1084, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.14.1082 Published: 19 July 1995 Article history Received: 14 February 1995 Revision received: 08 May 1995 Accepted: 17 May 1995 Published: 19 July 1995
We need a moratorium on further reductions in psychiatric beds till we debate an action plan
Authors: J. S. Bamrah
Journal: BMJ (2011)

In the debate about whether the closure of psychiatric beds has gone too far Johnson is right and Tyrer is wrong—if only life were that simple.1 2 Although clinical imperatives were behind reducing psychiatric beds, all rational arguments in planning inpatient care are now lost. The BMA launched a national campaign in 2006 in response to concerns from many members; it featured on Radio 4 and ITV …
Abstract 3186: The role of fibroblast growth factor 9 for androgen-independent growth of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Jun Teishima, Tetsutaro Hayashi, Koichi Shoji, Shinya Ohara, Akio Matsubara
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction &amp; Objectives: In prostate tissue, impairment of communication between epithelial and stromal cells through fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) signaling pathway has been thought to cause failure of tissue homeostasis and development of malignant disease. Previous studies have reported that FGF9 expression increased in the prostate cancer xenografts derived from bone metastasis. The aim of our study is to investigate the role of FGF9 for progression of prostate cancer. Material &amp; Methods: Immunohistochemical staining using anti-FGF9 antibody were performed for tissues derived from radical prostatectomy for 98 male patients. Cell viability and apoptosis of DU145, LNCaP and androgen-independent LNCaP subline (AI-LNCaP) were assessed with MTT assay and with Apopercentage apoptosis assay in the presence or absence of treatment with recombinant FGF9 or anti-FGF9 neutralizing antibody, respectively. Results: In immunohistochemical staining, FGF9 positive cells were detected in 12 samples. In cases with Gleason score 8 or higher, rates of cases with FGF9 positive cells were 32.1%, significantly higher than those in case with Gleason score 6 (3.3%, p=0.016) and 7 (5.0%, p=0.0079), respectively. 5-year biochemical relapse-free survival rate in cases with FGF9 positive cells were 31.3%, significantly lower than those in cases that FGF9 positive cells were not detectable (77.6%, p=0.0008). In condition with androgen-deprivated medium, cell viability of LNCaP was significantly lower than that of AI-LNCaP, and enhanced to the same level by treatment with FGF9. Furthermore, cell viability of AI-LNCaP and DU145 were significantly suppressed by treatment with anti-FGF9 neutralizing antibody. Significantly more apoptotic cells were detected in LNCaP than in AI-LNCaP by androgen deprivation, and decreased to same level as in AI-LNCaP by treatment with FGF9. Conclusions: These results indicate that FGF9 can contribute for progression of prostate cancer through stimulation for cell proliferation and anti-apoptotic effect. FGF9 may be candidates of novel therapeutic targets for hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3186.