tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Minimally invasive therapy of perforations at the esophagogastric junction by over-the-scope clipping
Authors: A. Braun, H. Richter-Schrag, A. Fischer, J. Hoeppner
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Perforations of the esophagogastric junction remain a problem for endoscopic therapy, as self-expandable stents often tend to migrate because of the discrepancy between the stent diameter and the larger diameter of the proximal stomach, thus failing to seal leaks at the esophagogastric junction [1] [2] [3]. Treatment using over-the-scope clips (OTSC) (Ovesco AG, Tübingen, Germany) has been described for perforations at different gastrointestinal locations but not at the esophagogastric junction [4] [5]. Here we report on the use of OTSC in three patients with perforations at the esophagogastric junction.
A Crazy Cause of Dyspnea
Authors: Susan Hunt, Amy Leigh Miller, Scott Schissel, John J. Ross
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

An 18-year-old black woman presented with fever, ear pain, and dull discomfort on the right side of the chest that was unchanged with movement or inspiration. She had no other symptoms and had previously been well, aside from mild exercise-induced asthma. Chest radiography was performed, and the images showed air-space opacities in the base of the right lung and the perihilar region of the left lung.
Abstract 4339: Evaluation of polyamine inhibitors in N/S/I-type neuroblastoma and hypoxia
Authors: Andre S. Bachmann, Tamas Borsics
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial childhood tumor and is derived from neural crest cells of the sympathetic nervous system. There is currently no curative treatment for children with relapsed/refractory NB, and for these children the 5-year survival rate is &amp;lt;10%. As such, new therapeutic approaches with alternative modes of action are needed for treatment. Since MYCN controls a number of genes including ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), we proposed that ODC should be considered as a novel target for MYC-driven tumors such as NB (Oncogene, 2005, 24:5606-18; Int J Cancer, 2010, 126:2012-24). Our previous research identified two polyamine inhibitors, DFMO and SAM486A, as effective agents for the treatment of NB (Cancer Res, 2008, 68:9825-31; Mol Cancer Ther, 2009, 8:2067-75). Methods: We utilized in vitro MTS cell viability testing to assess the differential effects of DFMO and SAM486A in three specific NB cell sub-populations (neuroblastic (N), Schwann cell-like/adherent (S), and an intermediate (I) morphology types) in the presence or absence of functional tumor suppressor p53. A hypoxia chamber, Western blot analysis, and microscopy were applied to analyze the effect of polyamine inhibitors in a hypoxic environment. Results: While weak apoptosis was induced by DFMO in all three cell types with non-functional p53, SAM486A was most potent in N-type NB cells with functional p53. Interestingly, the potency of SAM486A in p53 wt cells under hypoxic conditions was significantly reduced. Conclusion: Our data provide evidence that the p53 status, NB cell sub-type and the presence/absence of oxygen in the tumor cell environment are crucial factors and determine the overall sensitivity of individual polyamine inhibitors. These new insights are important as polyamine metabolism-targeted NB therapy with DFMO has now entered the clinical stage. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4339. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4339
Abstract 1368: Investigating the tumorigenicity of disseminated tumor cells
Authors: Carolyn S. Hall, Barbara Laubacher, Amber Anderson, Henry Kuerer, Isabelle Bedrosian, Savitri Krishnamurthy, Anthony Lucci
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Tumor cells that disseminate to the bone marrow (disseminated tumor cells, DTCs) have been identified in 30% of stage I - III breast cancer (BC) patients and independently predict outcome. Because DTCs are a rare, heterogeneous population of cells, little is known regarding their characteristics; such as their clinical significance with regard to disease progression, and targets that can be utilized for their eradication. DTC Identification is typically achieved using antibodies to epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), and cytokeratin (CK). However, EpCAM and CK can be down-regulated during epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). To date, no published report has assessed the tumorigenicity of DTCs isolated from patient samples using an in vivo animal model. The purpose of this study was to investigate the tumorigenicity of DTCs in vivo. Methods: Thirteen clinical stage I-III BC patients provided informed consent to participate in an IRB-approved study involving collection of bone marrow at the time of primary surgery. Following Ficoll centrifugation, bone marrow aspirates were cultured using breast cancer stem cell enriching conditions for 21 days. At 21 days, viability of floating cells with high nuclear: cytoplasmic ratios were confirmed with Tryphan blue staining and cytokeratin expression was identified using pan-cytokeratin immunostaining. 200 cells were co-injected with Matrigel into the mammary fat pads (3 mice/patient) of female nude mice. Mice were monitored daily for tumor formation. Results: Viable floating cells with large nuclear: cytoplasmic ratios were observed in 10/13 cases. Both CK+ and CK- DTCs were identified in 8 out of 10 cases, and CK- DTCs only were identified in 2 out of 10 cases. One of the 10 samples was tumorigenic in vivo; all 3 mice injected with this patient's cells developed breast tumors within ≤ 55 days. This sample was obtained from a 40-year old T2N2 patient with a grade 2 estrogen receptor positive, progesterone receptor negative, Her2/neu negative tumor. Interestingly, CK expression was not detected in this patient's cultured cells. Conclusions: DTCs can be isolated and propagated using breast cancer stem cell enriching conditions, enabling the characterization and assessment of DTCs that are in the process of (or have undergone) EMT. In addition, the tumorigenetic potential of DTCs can be assessed on a patient-by-patient basis by employing an in vivo mouse model. Further studies are needed to develop targeted therapies for the eradication of micrometastatic disease in stage I-III BC patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1368. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1368
Life-threatening hemorrhage caused by balloon dilation after sphincterotomy for extraction of a large stone
Authors: B. Maroy
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Large balloon dilation after sphincterotomy is carried out for stones that are too big [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] and also in cases where the terminal bile ducts are too small [1] [7]. It was first described in 2003 [1] and is different from balloon sphincteroplasty without sphincterotomy. Severe bleeding following the procedure has been reported only twice [2] [3].
Focal Hepatic "Hot Spot" in Superior Vena Cava Obstruction
Authors: TOMONORI YAMADA, KOJI TAKAHASHI, NORIYUKI SHUKE, RYUJI KATADA, MASAYUKI MINETA, KENICHI NAGASAWA, YASUHIRO SAITOU, TAMIO ABURANO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A focal area of increased activity (a hot spot) in the hepatic hilum on a radiocolloid liver scan has been well documented in patients with superior vena cava obstruction. Portal-systemic shunting that has developed between the superior vena cava and portal vein is thought to be the cause of this finding. Although this is well known, a direct correlation with other anatomic imaging methods has rarely been shown. The authors present a case of complete superior vena cava obstruction, in which Tc-99m stannous colloid hepatic SPECT could clearly locate a hot spot in the anterior part of the quadrate lobe, where contrast-enhanced radiographic CT also revealed an area of transient abnormal enhancement. In this case, an anatomic correlation between the radiocolloid hepatic hot spot and portal-systemic shunting on radiographic CT has been clearly demonstrated.
Communication of treatment goals in breast cancer: a comparison of perceptions of physicians, nurses and patients.
Authors: HF West, WF Cohn, TM Guterbock, MJ Gurka, AL Back, LJ Blackhall
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2099 Background: Previous evidence suggests that 20-50% of patients do not have a clear understanding of the goal of their cancer treatment, using the provider's goal as the standard for comparison. This lack of alignment between patients and providers may undermine the concept of informed decision making. We aimed to determine the current level of understanding of the goal of chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer by comparing treatment goals of the patients with those of their providers.&amp;#x2028; Patients and methods: Forty – three women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer and their providers (nine physicians and three nurses) were surveyed. The primary outcome was the level agreement between the patient and the physician regarding the goal of chemotherapy. Additionally, to examine the extent to which disagreement was recognized by the participants, physicians and nurses were asked to give their perception of the patient's goal, and patients and nurses were asked to give their perception of the physician's goal. Agreement was estimated using generalized estimating equations, which allowed for correlation among patients seen by the same physician.&amp;#x2028; Results: Agreement between the physicians and the patients regarding goal of chemotherapy was 38% (95% CI: 22-57%). The patient's goal and the nurse's perception of the patient's goal agreed 36% of the time (95% CI: 35-37%), while the patient's goal and the physician's perception of the patient's goal agreed 33% of the time (95% CI: 21-49%). When response categories were collapsed into groups with similar broad treatment intent (palliative versus curative/adjuvant), then the level of agreement improved dramatically (91% -100%).&amp;#x2028; Discussion: While broad agreement regarding treatment intent as curative or palliative was higher in this study than in previous research, agreement of the goal on a more detailed level was still poor across varying combinations of the triad of patient, physician and nurse. Future communication studies should focus on interventions to align patients and providers around a common understanding of the goal of chemotherapy, which will improve the quality of care through the provision of truly informed decision making. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2099.
Abstract SY29-02: The TSC-mTOR pathway and control of anabolic tumor cell metabolism
Authors: Brendan D. Manning
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) plays an evolutionarily conserved role as a molecular link between cellular growth conditions and the anabolic processes promoting cell growth. This protein kinase complex has the ability to sense and integrate signals emanating from pathways that monitor cellular growth conditions, including the availability of intracellular nutrients and energy, the presence of specific growth factors and cytokines, and a variety of cellular stresses. Importantly, the integrated control over mTORC1 activity and cell growth is corrupted in most human tumors. mTORC1 senses many of these upstream signals through a small G protein switch involving the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) tumor suppressors, TSC1 and TSC2, and the Ras-related small G protein Rheb, an essential activator of mTORC1. The TSC1-TSC2 complex functions as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Rheb, thereby stimulating its conversion to the inactive GDP-bound form and inhibiting its activation of mTORC1. Multi-site phosphorylation of the TSC1-TSC2 complex downstream of distinct signaling pathways accounts for much of the signal-integrating capacity of mTORC1. Importantly, both the oncogenic PI3K-Akt and Ras-Erk pathways phosphorylate and inhibit TSC2 to activate mTORC1. Aberrant regulation of the TSC1-TSC2 complex leading to constitutive activation of mTORC1 is a common molecular event in a large variety of pathological settings, including the majority of genetic tumor syndromes and sporadic cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the TSC1-TSC2 complex is regulated and functions to properly control Rheb and mTORC1 are not well understood. Furthermore, the downstream consequences of dysregulated mTORC1 signaling in tumors remain poorly defined. This lecture will focus on recent studies in our laboratory to 1) characterize a third stoichiometric component of the TSC1-TSC2 complex and its role in mTOR regulation, and 2) the role of mTORC1 in the metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells induced by common oncogenic events. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY29-02. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-SY29-02
FINAL FIVE-YEAR RESULTS OF THE PLATINUM RANDOMIZED TRIAL COMPARING PLATINUM CHROMIUM PROMUS ELEMENT AND COBALT CHROMIUM PROMUS/XIENCE V EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS IN WORKHORSE LESIONS
Authors: Gregg Stone, Paul Teirstein, Ian Meredith, Bruno Farah, Christophe Dubois, Robert Feldman, Joseph Dens, Nobuhisa Hagiwara, Dominic Allocco, Keith Dawkins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Phrenicotomy for Esophageal Hiatus Hernia
Authors: Emerson H. Drake
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

WITH the development of safer anesthesia and better surgical technic over the past thirty years the repair of esophageal hiatus hernia has become a well recognized surgical procedure. It is ordinarily employed in the treatment of patients who suffer from the varying symptoms of this condition that have not been relieved by appropriate medical means. The surgical literature in recent years has largely dealt with the technical aspects of the repair and with its results. There has been relatively little discussion of alternative forms of therapy. The symptomatic esophageal hiatus hernia, whether of the so-called short esophagus or of the . . .
Combined Indium-111 Octreotide Scintigraphy and Low-Dose Computed Tomography in Localization of Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: ANDREAS KJAER, MARIANNE DREYER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

KJAER, ANDREAS M.D., PH.D., DR. MED. SC.; DREYER, MARIANNE M.D., PH.D. Author Information
Case 11-2004
Authors: Michael J. Somers, Ghaleb H. Daouk, Robert T. McCluskey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 12-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital with a two-day history of a rash and of swelling of the face, hands, and feet. On admission, he was afebrile and hypertensive, with pitting edema of the legs. Laboratory studies disclosed hematuria, proteinuria, urinary casts, and elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. The discussant reviews the differential diagnosis of acute renal failure in children.
Case 52-1982
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Bernard N. Fields, Nancy L. Harris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital from The New England Journal of Medicine — Case 52-1982 — A 50-Year-Old Man with Hairy-Cell Leukemia, Recurrent Fever, and Variable Pulmonary Infiltrates
Abstract LB-271: Loss of the transcription factor REST promotes breast cancer tumorigenicity in a LIN28-dependent manner
Authors: Kearney T. W. Gunsalus, Matthew P. Wagoner, Kassondra M. Meyer, Wyatt B. Potter, Soyoung Kim, Barry Schoenike, Caroline M. Alexander, Andreas Freidl, Avtar Roopra
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract About 20% of the nearly 300,000 American women diagnosed with breast cancer this year will have a particularly aggressive form of the disease characterized by a lack of the transcription factor REST. These “RESTless” tumors are associated with particularly poor patient prognosis; 50% of patients with RESTless tumors experience disease recurrence within the first three years post-diagnosis, compared with less than 20% of patients whose tumors still express REST. Here, we use cell culture and xenograft models of RESTless breast cancer to demonstrate that REST loss causes the increased aggression of these tumors. Using lentiviral delivery of shRNAs, we generated several breast cell lines with a stable REST knockdown (“RESTlow” cells; a non-targeting shRNA was used to generate control “RESTnorm” cells). We find that REST knockdown increases focus formation in MCF10A, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. RESTlow MCF10A and MCF7 cells also show enhanced anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. We performed xenograft experiments with RESTlow and RESTnorm MCF7 cells; the RESTlow cells have a greatly enhanced capacity to form tumors in nude mice. We further explore the molecular mechanism underlying the tumorigenicity of cells lacking REST. We demonstrate that REST is a direct transcriptional repressor of the RNA binding protein LIN28 in breast cancer cell lines; as predicted, LIN28 expression is increased upon REST knockdown. Knockdown of LIN28 in RESTlow cells ablates the ability of RESTlow MCF7 cells to form foci in culture, colonies in soft agar, and tumors in nude mice. We therefore conclude that the aberrant upregulation of LIN28 that occurs when REST is lost is required for the tumorigenicity of RESTlow cells. Finally, we show that in human RESTless breast tumors, LIN28 expression is significantly increased. This is the first report to demonstrate that REST loss causes increased tumor aggression and to propose an underlying mechanism for the tumorigenicity of cells lacking REST. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-271. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-271
Case 8-1972
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Lot B. Page, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Presentation of CaseA 66-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of back pain.Except for episodic headaches he had been well until five years previously, when hypertension was found. On the day before admission there was the abrupt onset of pain in the lumbar spine; during the night abdominal pain and vomiting occurred.The temperature was 36.8°C, the pulse 100, and the respirations 16. The blood pressure was 110 systolic, 65 diastolic.On physical examination the lungs were clear, and the heart normal. The abdomen was mildly distended but soft, and the bowel sounds were active; there was . . .
EVALUACIÓN DE LA RESECCIÓN MUCOCA ENDOSCÓPICA CON BANDAS PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DEL CARCINOMA ESCAMOSO SUPERFICIAL DE ESÓFAGO
Authors: J Colán, C Guarner, M Concepción, C Gomez, S Sáinz, C Guarner
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Introducción: La resección mucosa endoscópica (RME) es el tratamiento de elección del adenocarcinoma esofágico superficial sobre esófago de Barrett. Su eficacia para el carcinoma escamoso esofágico superficial (CEES) es más controvertida por diversos motivos como la dificultad de delimitación de la lesión, infiltración profunda, presencia de lesiones metacrónicas o recidivas.
P34 The minimal clinically important difference of the COPD assessment test
Authors: SSC Kon, JL Canavan, AL Clark, SE Jones, CM Nolan, MI Polkey, WDC Man
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) assessment test (CAT) is a simple 8-item, health status instrument (Jones PW <i>et al</i> 2009). It has good psychometric properties and has been shown to be responsive to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) (Dodd <i>et al</i> 2011) and recovery from exacerbation (Jones PW <i>et al</i> 2011). The CAT has also recently been incorporated into the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) combined assessment of COPD, to help assess disease severity. However the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the CAT has not been formally established. <h3>Aims</h3> The aims of this study were to assess the relationship between change in CAT and change in other health related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaires and to provide estimates for the MCID. <h3>Methods</h3> The CAT, St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) and Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) were measured in 565 COPD patients before and after outpatient PR. Paired t tests were used to compare outcomes before and after PR. Spearman rank correlation was used to compare changes in CAT with other HRQoL questionnaires. Using an anchor-based approach and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the CAT change cut-offs that identified patients achieving the known MCID for other health status questionnaires with PR were identified. <h3>Results</h3> The CAT, SGRQ, CRQ and CCQ all significantly improved with PR. CAT change correlated significantly with change in SGRQ, CRQ and CCQ (r = 0.30, -0.44, 0.52 respectively; all p &lt; 0.001). ROC curves consistently identified -2 points as the best cut-off to identify the MCID for the SGRQ (-4 points), CRQ (10 points) and CCQ (-0.4 points) (AUC: 0.65, 0.77 and 0.74 respectively; all p &lt; 0.001–see Fig.1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The minimal clinically improvement of the CAT is estimated to be a 2 point decrease.
Chemopreventive effects of Cucumaria frondosa lipid extract in rat colon carcinogenesis and in a human colon cancer cell line
Authors: Naveena Janakiram, Yuting Zhang, Chang-In Choi, Altaf Mohammed, Vernon Steele, Chinthalapally Rao
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

3068  Cucumaria frondosa (Sea cucumber) have been used widely in East Asia as a food, and in the US recently in dietary supplements to treat inflammatory conditions in humans and animals. Therefore, the present study has been designed to test potential cancer preventive properties of lipid extract (CBR-A5) from the sea cucumber using in-vivo and in-vitro models of colon cancer. Chemopreventive efficacy of CBR-A5 was evaluated on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced rat colon carcinogenesis using aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as efficacy marker. At seven weeks of age, a group of rats (12/group) were fed the control diet (AIN 76A) and colonic ACF were induced by AOM (15mg/kg body wt). Three days after AOM treatment, the rats were fed the diets containing 0, 150 and 450ppm of CBR-A5 and continued on the diets for 8 weeks before being sacrificed. Colonic ACF were evaluated histopathologically. Expression levels of a cell proliferating marker (Ki67) and cell signaling marker (p21WAF1/CIP1) were determined in colonic ACF of treated and control groups by immunohistochemistry. Further, CBR-A5 was studied for its growth inhibitory and induction of apoptosis in the human colon cancer HCT116 cell line. HCT116 cells were treated with various concentration of CBR-A5 (10 - 100µg/ml) to assess cell viability (tryphan blue), cytotoxicity (MTS), apoptosis (flow-cytometry and EB-AO method), cell cycle analysis (flow-cytometry) and protein expression (immunoblot method). Dietary administration of 150 and 450ppm of CBR-A5 significantly suppressed AOM-induced total colonic ACF formation up to 34-55% (p