tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Subclinical Rheumatic Heart Disease in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Nikesh R. Shrestha, Prahlad Karki, Rajan Mahto, Keshar Gurung, Naveen Pandey, Krishna Agrawal, Martina Rothenbühler, Philip Urban, Peter Jüni, Thomas Pilgrim
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Although rheumatic heart disease has been nearly eradicated in high-income countries, 3 in 4 children grow up in parts of the world where it is still endemic. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the prevalence of clinically silent and manifest rheumatic heart disease as a function of age, sex, and socioeconomic status and to estimate age-specific incidence. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> In this school-based cross-sectional study with cluster sampling, 26 schools in the Sunsari district in Eastern Nepal with 5467 eligible children 5 to 15 years of age were randomly selected from 595 registered schools. After exclusion of 289 children, 5178 children were enrolled in the present study from December 12, 2012, through September 12, 2014. Data analysis was performed from October 1, 2014, to April 15, 2015. <h3>Exposures</h3> Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were acquired in a standardized interview by means of a questionnaire customized to the age of the children. A focused medical history was followed by a brief physical examination. Cardiac auscultation and transthoracic echocardiography were performed by 2 independent physicians. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Rheumatic heart disease according to the World Heart Federation criteria. <h3>Results</h3> The median age of the 5178 children enrolled in the study was 10 years (interquartile range, 8-13 years), and 2503 (48.3%) were female. The prevalence of borderline or definite rheumatic heart disease was 10.2 (95% CI, 7.5-13.0) per 1000 children and increased with advancing age from 5.5 (95% CI, 3.5-7.5) per 1000 children 5 years of age to 16.0 (95% CI, 14.9-17.0) in children 15 years of age, whereas the mean incidence remained stable at 1.1 per 1000 children per year. Children with rheumatic heart disease were older than children without rheumatic heart disease (median age [interquartile range], 11 [9-14] years vs 10 [8-13] years;<i>P</i> = .03), more commonly female (34 [64.2%] vs 2469 [48.2%];<i>P</i> = .02), and more frequently went to governmental schools (40 [75.5%] vs 2792 [54.5%];<i>P</i> = .002). Silent disease (n = 44) was 5 times more common than manifest disease (n = 9). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Rheumatic heart disease affects 1 in 100 schoolchildren in Eastern Nepal, is primarily clinically silent, and may be more common among girls. The overall prevalence and the ratio of manifest to subclinical disease increase with advancing age, whereas the incidence remains stable at 1.1 per 1000 children per year. Early detection of silent disease may help prevent progression to severe valvular damage.
Stress, Redeployed
Authors: Chris Carlsten, Stephen Hunt
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Private sector must improve customer experience, conference hears
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The struggling private healthcare sector has become “complacent” and has failed to convince enough people that it offers value for money, a senior BUPA executive has said.

Alex Perry, general manager of the private health insurance scheme BUPA UK, said that 2014 had been “another year of decline” for the sector and that it now required fundamental reform to deliver future growth. He said that a bright future was possible but that the sector must overcome “historic divisions,” seek regulatory change, and make a better case for itself to bring more people into the market.

“We need to cut through the accusations and myths that surround private healthcare; we need to positively promote the impact that we all can and do have on the nation’s health,” he said. Perry spoke at a summit on UK private healthcare held in London on 23 June at the …
Triggering the false suffocation alarm in panic disorder patients by using a voluntary breath-holding procedure
Authors: G J Asmundson, M B Stein
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

The authors compared the maximal duration of voluntary breath-holding in patients with panic disorder (N = 23), patients with generalized social phobia (N = 10), and healthy subjects (N = 26). Patients with panic disorder had significantly shorter breath-holding durations than either comparison group. Groups did not otherwise differ in physiologic response to the breath-holding. Implications for a false suffocation alarm in panic disorder are discussed.
Electron Microscopy of the Vims of Rabbit Fibroma
Authors: Bolivar J. Lloyd, Jr., H. Kahler
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1955)

Electron Microscopy of the Vims of Rabbit Fibroma Bolivar J. Lloyd, Jr., Bolivar J. Lloyd, Jr. National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. Kahler H. Kahler National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar 2National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Author Notes JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 15, Issue 4, February 1955, Pages 991–999, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/15.4.991 Published: 01 February 1955 Article history Received: 14 October 1954 Published: 01 February 1955
Ticagrelor for Prevention of Ischemic Events After Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Marc P. Bonaca, Deepak L. Bhatt, Robert F. Storey, Ph. Gabriel Steg, Marc Cohen, Julia Kuder, Erica Goodrich, José C. Nicolau, Alexander Parkhomenko, José López-Sendón, Mikael Dellborg, Anthony Dalby, Jindřich Špinar, Philip Aylward, Ramón Corbalán, Maria Teresa B. Abola, Eva C. Jensen, Peter Held, Eugene Braunwald, Marc S. Sabatine
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease in France in 2003
Authors: A Perrocheau, M K Taha, D Lévy-Bruhl
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2005)

National surveillance of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is based on mandatory reporting. The case definition for surveillance notification was changed in mid-2002 to include cases without microbiological confirmation. The IMD alert detection system was enhanced in 2003 with daily reporting and weekly analysis by district, serogroup, and age. Evaluation of the exhaustivity of the surveillance with capture-recapture analysis allowed correcting for underreporting. In 2003, 803 cases were reported. After correction for under-reporting, the estimated incidence was 1.78 / 100 000. After excluding ‘new’ cases reported with new definition criteria, the 2002-2003 increase was 4%. Incidence decreased with age, with the highest values in infants less than 1 year (20/100 000), children aged between 1 and 2 years (11/100 000) and in teenagers of 17 years old(7/100 000). The overall case fatality rate was 12%. Fifty nine per cent of cases were due to serogroup B, 32% to C, 5% to W135, and 4% to Y and non-groupable meningococci. Patients with purpura fulminans treated with intravenous antibiotics before admission to hospital were shown to have lower fatality rates than those not treated. In 2001-2003, 5 situations required particular attention: two clusters of serogroup B IMD had set off mass prophylaxis, one outbreak due to a specific B IMD clonal complex with high case fatality rate, and two districts crossed the alert threshold for serogroup C IMD, 2/100 000, and mass vaccination was recommended.
Pulmonary function in sarcoidosis.
Authors: R B Packer
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Leading Articles BRLITISHparticularly to many of the 12 London medical schools.Not one of these has yet a professor of paediatrics for undergraduates, ten are seriously short of teachers, only three have more than a token research staff, and at least five are seriously short of beds.The most enterprising teaching programme described in Jackson's report is at Newcastle, with its integrated course which embraces community and family medicine.6 7New- castle has the equivalent of 17 whole-time teachers (one
The Search for Causative Viruses in Human Cancers A Discussion off the Problem&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: W. Ray Bryan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

Journal Article The Search for Causative Viruses in Human Cancers A Discussion off the Problem Get access W. Ray Bryan W. Ray Bryan National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 29, Issue 6, December 1962, Pages 1027–1034, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/29.6.1027 Published: 01 December 1962 Article history Received: 31 July 1962 Published: 01 December 1962
LG-43PURE AQUEDUCTAL PILOCYTIC ASTROCYTOMA
Authors: Tomoru Miwa, Ryota Tamura, Tomo Horikoshi, Kazunari Yoshida
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

Pure aqueductal tumors differ from tectal or tegmental tumors, and they indeed exist just within the aqueduct.We report our unique seventeen years-old male case of pure aqueductal pilocytic astrocytoma (aPA), and then we reviewed the pure aPA by literatures.In our case, he had been followed by NF-1 in dermatology, and was pointed out mild enlargement of the lateral and third ventricle by MRI three years ago.There was no obvious cause of Overall survival
What the leave campaign said about the NHS, and how the experts answered
Authors: Sophie Arie
Journal: BMJ (2016)

“We should stop sending £350m [€450m; $500m] per week to unelected politicians in Brussels and spend our money on our priorities, like the NHS.” 1

### Response

Sir Andrew Dilnot, chair of the independent UK Statistics Authority, said the figure was “potentially misleading” and that the information given out by the Vote Leave campaign lacked clarity.2

The Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) said that it did not believe, as the Leave Campaign suggested, that the £8bn annual windfall from leaving the European Union it has calculated would lead to a cash injection for the NHS. “There is virtual unanimity among economic forecasters that the negative effect of leaving the EU would be greater.”3

NHS England chief executive, Simon Stevens, expressed deep concern over the effect of a possible economic downturn, as predicted by Mark Carney, governor of the Bank of England, on the NHS. Stevens said that figures from …
How Europe is facing up to antibiotic resistance
Authors: M J Struelens
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2004)

In this issue, Witte and colleagues report on the emergence, since 2002, of cases in Germany of infection with community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (c-MRSA) producing the Panton-Valentine leukocidin. This report adds evidence to the rapid geographical dissemination of this emerging, hyper-virulent variant of an 'old pathogen' across Europe. First reported in the early 1990s among aboriginal populations in Western Australia, outbreaks of c-MRSA infections have more recently been described in population groups such as prison inmates, injecting drug users, sports teams and schoolchildren, in the United States and Europe. Current evidence from molecular studies points to the spread in each continent of a limited number of PVL-producing MRSA clones that are genetically distinct from epidemic nosocomial strains. This represents a public health threat, because these strains are associated with severe soft tissue and pulmonary infection and the outcome of MRSA infection is worse than with infection caused by beta-lactam susceptible S. aureus, especially if inappropriately treated with beta-lactams that are usually prescribed for these infections. We must, therefore, upgrade the diagnostic work-up for this kind of infection in the outpatient setting and adapt empirical therapy accordingly. Moreover, surveillance should be intensified to monitor the incidence of MRSA and detect and control outbreaks in the community. In this respect, the report by Witte et al underscores the important early warning role that reference laboratories can play by using high resolution molecular markers based on routine typing and susceptibility data.
Differences in Sex Ratio According to Cancer Site and Possible Relationship With Use of Tobacco and Alcohol. Review of 65,000 Cases
Authors: Robert Flamant, Odile Lasserre, Philippe Lazar, Jacques Leguerinais, Pierre Denoix, Daniel Schwartz
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

A study of sex ratios according to tumor sites in 65,000 cases of cancer is reported. Where data on etiological factors were available, it was found that the higher the correlation between a site or group of sites and the use of tobacco and alcohol, the higher the sex ratio. Where etiological data were not available, it was hypothesized that where sex ratios vary for different sites, especially within the same organ, differing etiological factors are likely to be found. For many primary sites and subsites, these ideas fit in well with usual clinical findings or anatomical and physiological considerations. A striking finding emerged especially for gastric cancer, in which no association usually appears with the use of tobacco or alcohol: For the fundus cardia area, the sex ratio was clearly higher than it was for all other regions of the stomach. Thus, this is an area that could be affected by the use of tobacco or, more likely, alcohol, just as are certain areas of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts.
Pigeons
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2007)

John Sloan (1871-1951): the name conjures images of early 20th-century New York. Skylines, street scenes, rooftops, clotheslines full of laundry flapping in the breeze—all these mark the era of New York realism and the depiction of gritty city life that Sloan painted, drew, and etched.
Why a psychoanalytic core in psychiatric education?
Authors: O E Baum
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

The author presents arguments for a historical psychogenetic approach to psychiatric education with a focus on psychodynamic understanding of behavior. Psychoanalysis provides a developmental psychology and a body of clinical data that are uniquely suited to this purpose. This focus is meant to be complemented by consideration of genetic, social, cultural, learning, and biophysiological forces. The author relates trends in psychiatric education to the changing identity of the psychiatrist and the history of the discipline.
Case 6-1988
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Jerome M. Federschneider, Joanne K. Rutgers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Presentation of CaseA 36-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a pelvic mass.Seven years earlier a total abdominal hysterectomy was performed elsewhere because of pelvic pain of five days' duration and the finding of an enlarged uterus; pathological examination showed uterine leiomyomas. The pain persisted, and four years before entry bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed at the same hospital, with relief of pain; endometriosis was found in both ovaries. Treatment with conjugated estrogens was begun. Eleven months before entry the patient began to have almost constant dull pain in the left lower abdominal quadrant, together with low . . .
GC-15ENDOCRINE PRESENTATIONS AND COMPLICATIONS IN PAEDIATRICS CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM GERM CELL TUMOURS (CNSGCTS)
Authors: Jennifer Wing Yan Tsang, Gary Wing Kin Wong, Ho Chung Yau, Michael Kam, Danny T.M. Chan, Xian Lun Cannon Zhu, Chi Kong Li, Matthew Ming-Kwong Shing
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Rôle of the Adrenal Glands in the Hematopoietic and Thymicolymphatic Response of the Rat to Podophyllotoxin&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M. G. Kelly, J. Leiter, O. Ghosh, P. K. Smith
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1952)

Rôle of the Adrenal Glands in the Hematopoietic and Thymicolymphatic Response of the Rat to Podophyllotoxin Get access M. G. Kelly, M. G. Kelly The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Leiter, J. Leiter The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar O. Ghosh, O. Ghosh The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C.National Cancer InstituteBethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. K. Smith P. K. Smith The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 12, Issue 6, June 1952, Pages 1177–1201, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/12.6.1177 Published: 01 June 1952 Article history Received: 23 January 1952 Published: 01 June 1952
Hereditary Influence in Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection
Authors: Eric M. Isselbacher, Christian Lacks Lino Cardenas, Mark E. Lindsay
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Thoracic aortic aneurysm is a potentially life-threatening condition in that it places patients at risk for aortic dissection or rupture. However, our modern understanding of the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysm is quite limited. A genetic predisposition to thoracic aortic aneurysm has been established, and gene discovery in affected families has identified several major categories of gene alterations. The first involves mutations in genes encoding various components of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling cascade ( FBN1, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, TGFB2, TGFB3, SMAD2, SMAD3 and SKI ), and these conditions are known collectively as the TGF-β vasculopathies. The second set of genes encode components of the smooth muscle contractile apparatus ( ACTA2, MYH11, MYLK , and PRKG1 ), a group called the smooth muscle contraction vasculopathies. Mechanistic hypotheses based on these discoveries have shaped rational therapies, some of which are under clinical evaluation. This review discusses published data on genes involved in thoracic aortic aneurysm and attempts to explain divergent hypotheses of aneurysm origin.
Community programme reduces depression in patients with chronic pain, study shows
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2016)

A community based programme helping patients to use a cognitive behavioural approach to manage chronic pain reduced depression but not pain related disability over 12 months, a UK study has shown.1

Researchers randomly assigned 703 adults (mean age 59.9) with musculoskeletal pain for more than three months to a group intervention or to usual care plus a relaxation CD. The group intervention involved sessions for learning cognitive behavioural approaches, with a …
Split-dose low-volume bowel preparation, a feasible option for preparation for colonoscopy
Authors: Ahmad Azmi, Wah-Kheong Chan, Sanjiv Mahadeva, Khean-Lee Goh
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

We read with great interest the article by Mussetto et al. [1] on split-dose low-volume preparation for bowel cleansing (15 mg bisacodyl plus 2 L polyethylene glycol [PEG] solution) being better tolerated yet as effective as split-dose high-volume preparation (4 L PEG solution) in patients with previous colorectal resection. Traditionally, our center used low-volume preparation (10 mg bisacodyl for 2 days plus 2 L PEG solution) for bowel preparation for colonoscopy, which has been shown to be as good as 4 L PEG solution [2]. The PEG solution was taken on the evening before if the colonoscopy was scheduled in the morning. Subsequently, we changed our practice to administer the PEG solution on the same morning, on the basis of the findings from the study by Chiu et al. [3], which clearly demonstrated that this was better.
Tumor-Damaging Capacity of Plant Materials. II. Plants Used as Diuretics
Authors: Morris Belkin, Dorothea B. Fitzgerald, Marie D. Felix
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1952)

Journal Article Tumor-Damaging Capacity of Plant Materials. II. Plants Used as Diuretics Get access Morris Belkin, Morris Belkin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dorothea B. Fitzgerald, Dorothea B. Fitzgerald Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marie D. Felix Marie D. Felix Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute3Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 13, Issue 3, December 1952, Pages 741–744, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/13.3.741 Published: 01 December 1952 Article history Received: 12 August 1952 Published: 01 December 1952
Basal cortisol, dexamethasone suppression of cortisol, and MHPG in adolescents after the 1988 earthquake in Armenia
Authors: A K Goenjian, R Yehuda, R S Pynoos, A M Steinberg, M Tashjian, R K Yang, L M Najarian, L A Fairbanks
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

This study evaluated basal salivary cortisol, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), and cortisol suppression following dexamethasone administration in adolescents exposed to two levels of earthquake-related trauma.Five years after the 1988 earthquake, saliva samples were obtained from 37 adolescents from two cities in Armenia at different distances from the epicenter. Baseline saliva samples were obtained at 8:00 a.m., 4:00 p.m., and 11:00 p.m., following which 0.5 mg of dexamethasone was administered. Nine and 17 hours later, saliva samples were again obtained. Subjects were evaluated for posttraumatic stress and depressive reactions through use of self-report instruments.Significantly lower mean baseline 8:00 a.m. cortisol levels and greater day 24:00 p.m. cortisol suppression following dexamethasone were observed in the more symptomatic adolescents living in the city closer to the epicenter. Of the three symptom categories of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), only intrusion (category B) symptoms were significantly correlated with basal morning cortisol levels and percent suppression by dexamethasone. The more highly exposed adolescents also exhibited a more rapid decline in MHPG levels over the course of day 1.The findings indicate that chronic posttraumatic stress reactions among adolescents exposed to catastrophic disaster are associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis alterations. The findings are congruent with those previously described in adults with chronic PTSD. Persistent intrusion (category B) symptoms may constitute continued episodes of distress and evoke repeated physiological stress responses, which, over time, alter HPA axis function. The MHPG findings suggest that there may be diurnal changes associated with severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms.