tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Antibiotics on Incidence of Rat Intestinal Tumors Induced by 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine Dihydrochloride&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: B R Goldin, S L Gorbach
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

The intestinal microflora has been shown to influence the induction of chemical carcinogens responsible for intestinal tumors in animal models. For further exploration of this issue, male inbred F344 rats were administered a chemical carcinogen, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH), for 20 weeks, along with oral antibiotics, either tetracycline or erythromycin, to suppress the intestinal flora. Colon cancer incidence was lower in animals receiving antibiotics; 22% of the erythromycin-treated rats and 20% of the tetracycline-treated rats had colon tumors compared to untreated controls with a 74% tumor incidence (P less than 0.002). Tumors in the small intestine also decreased from an incidence of 48% in the control animals to an incidence of 27 and 7%, respectively, for the erythromycin- and tetracycline-treated rats. These findings suggested that the metabolic activity of the intestinal flora is related to cancer induction by DMH.
<i>TP53</i>Gene and Cancer Resistance in Elephants—Reply
Authors: Joshua D. Schiffman, Dennis L. Schmitt, Carlo C. Maley
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of acetylsalicylic acid, clopidogrel, and indomethacin on bleeding after sphincterotomy: the good, the better, and no-one is ugly
Authors: Árpád Patai, Árpád Patai
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

We read with great interest the article by Hamada et al. on bleeding after sphincterotomy (BAS) [1]. The authors presented a Japanese, retrospective, observational study showing that continuation of antiplatelet agents does not influence BAS. Their conclusions can be confirmed by our “post hoc” analysis [2] using prospective clinical trial data [3] on the effect of indomethacin in the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis. In our prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study [3], we included 576 patients who received 100 mg rectal indomethacin before endoscopic sphincterotomy. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was continued in 87 patients before ERCP, as per UK guidelines [4], and clopidogrel was continued in 29 patients in whom urgent biliary sphincterotomy was required. The frequency of BAS did not increase in patients who were treated by either ASA or clopidogrel during sphincterotomy, and BAS was not altered even in patients receiving rectal indomethacin. Our conclusions were that ASA, clopidogrel, and indomethacin did not influence BAS, and therefore their benefits can be enjoyed without any compromises. However, as only a small number of patients were treated with clopidogrel, we recommend further investigation of this issue by multicenter, prospective, randomized studies.
Primary Oculocerebral Lymphoma: MTX Polychemotherapy Alone on Intraocular Disease Control
Authors: Diem-Trang Nguyen, Caroline Houillier, Sylvain Choquet, Nathalie Cassoux, Carole Soussain, Chloé Le Cossec, Magali Legarf-Tavernier, Myrto Costopoulos, Phuc LeHoang, Bahram Bodaghi, Antonio Omuro, Khe Hoang-Xuan, Valérie Touitou
Journal: Ophthalmology (2016)
Loss-of-function mutations of Dynamin 2 promote T-ALL by enhancing IL-7 signalling
Authors: C S Tremblay, F C Brown, M Collett, J Saw, S K Chiu, S E Sonderegger, S E Lucas, R Alserihi, N Chau, M L Toribio, M P McCormack, M Chircop, P J Robinson, S M Jane, D J Curtis
Journal: Leukemia (2016)
Children in care often refused mental health treatment, say MPs
Authors: Adrian O’Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Children who are looked after by local authorities in England are often denied the mental health treatment that they need, MPs have warned.

MPs on the parliamentary education select committee have published a report 1 that raises concerns about the gaps in care for “looked after” children—children who are cared for by their local authority and who may be living with foster parents, at home with their parents under supervision of social services, in residential children’s homes, or in other settings.

The report said that …
Cover Image: Unique presentation of a subungual malignant melanoma<i>in situ</i>
Authors: J.S. Øregaard, R.D. Jarjis, A. Venzo, B. Jemec
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Funding sources: none. Dear Editor, A 41‐year‐old woman was referred to the department of plastic surgery due to black discoloration of an entire nail. A biopsy with complete removal of the pigmented nail matrix revealed a subungual malignant melanoma in situ. Subsequently, a wide local excision of the nail plate with a 5‐mm margin was performed. The presentation of a subungual malignant melanoma in situ as a complete discoloration of the nail has, to the best of our knowledge, not been seen before. Given that it is a malignant melanoma in situ, it is worth noting that Hutchinson's sign was not present.
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Lyme Disease, Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, and Babesiosis
Authors: Edgar Sanchez, Edouard Vannier, Gary P. Wormser, Linden T. Hu
Journal: JAMA (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), and babesiosis are emerging tick-borne infections. <h3>Objective</h3> To provide an update on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tick-borne infections. <h3>Evidence Review</h3> Search of PubMed and Scopus for articles on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tick-borne infections published in English from January 2005 through December 2015. <h3>Findings</h3> The search yielded 3550 articles for diagnosis and treatment and 752 articles for prevention. Of these articles, 361 were reviewed in depth. Evidence supports the use of US Food and Drug Administration–approved serologic tests, such as an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), followed by Western blot testing, to diagnose extracutaneous manifestations of Lyme disease. Microscopy and polymerase chain reaction assay of blood specimens are used to diagnose active HGA and babesiosis. The efficacy of oral doxycycline, amoxicillin, and cefuroxime axetil for treating Lyme disease has been established in multiple trials. Ceftriaxone is recommended when parenteral antibiotic therapy is recommended. Multiple trials have shown efficacy for a 10-day course of oral doxycycline for treatment of erythema migrans and for a 14-day course for treatment of early neurologic Lyme disease in ambulatory patients. Evidence indicates that a 10-day course of oral doxycycline is effective for HGA and that a 7- to 10-day course of azithromycin plus atovaquone is effective for mild babesiosis. Based on multiple case reports, a 7- to 10-day course of clindamycin plus quinine is often used to treat severe babesiosis. A recent study supports a minimum of 6 weeks of antibiotics for highly immunocompromised patients with babesiosis, with no parasites detected on blood smear for at least the final 2 weeks of treatment. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Evidence is evolving regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, HGA, and babesiosis. Recent evidence supports treating patients with erythema migrans for no longer than 10 days when doxycycline is used and prescription of a 14-day course of oral doxycycline for early neurologic Lyme disease in ambulatory patients. The duration of antimicrobial therapy for babesiosis in severely immunocompromised patients should be extended to 6 weeks or longer.
ZP2 peptide beads select human sperm in vitro, decoy mouse sperm in vivo, and provide reversible contraception
Authors: Matteo A. Avella, Boris A. Baibakov, Maria Jimenez-Movilla, Anna Burkart Sadusky, Jurrien Dean
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2016)

Sperm bind to ZP2 peptide beads, which can select superior sperm for assisted reproduction but can also be used for contraception.
Practical Considerations for the Use of Daratumumab, a Novel CD38 Monoclonal Antibody, in Myeloma
Authors: Philippe Moreau, Niels W. C. J. van de Donk, Jesus San Miguel, Henk Lokhorst, Hareth Nahi, Dina Ben-Yehuda, Michele Cavo, Gordon Cook, Michel Delforge, Hermann Einsele, Sonja Zweegman, Heinz Ludwig, Christoph Driessen, Antonio Palumbo, Thierry Facon, Torben Plesner, Meletios Dimopoulos, Pia Sondergeld, Pieter Sonneveld, María-Victoria Mateos
Journal: Drugs (2016)
Elliptocytogenic alpha I/36 spectrin Sfax lacks nine amino acids in helix 3 of repeat 4. Evidence for the activation of a cryptic 5'-splice site in exon 8 of spectrin alpha-gene
Authors: F Baklouti, J Maréchal, R Wilmotte, N Alloisio, L Morlé, MT Ducluzeau, L Denoroy, A Mrad, MH Ben Aribia, R Kastally, J Delaunay
Journal: Blood (1992)
Osteoanabolic Implant Materials for Orthopedic Treatment
Authors: Yun‐Fei Ding, Rachel W. Li, Masaaki Nakai, Trina Majumdar, Dong‐Hai Zhang, Mitsuo Niinomi, Nick Birbilis, Paul N. Smith, Xiao‐Bo Chen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Osteoporosis is becoming more prevalent due to the aging demographics of many populations. Osteoporotic bone is more prone to fracture than normal bone, and current orthopedic implant materials are not ideal for the osteoporotic cases. A newly developed strontium phosphate (SrPO4 ) coating is reported herein, and applied to Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (wt%), TNTZ, an implant material with a comparative Young's modulus to that of natural bone. The SrPO4 coating is anticipated to modulate the activity of osteoblast (OB) and osteoclast (OC) cells, in order to promote bone formation. TNTZ, a material with excellent biocompatibility and high bioinertness is pretreated in a concentrated alkaline solution under hydrothermal conditions, followed by a hydrothermal coating growth process to achieve complete SrPO4 surface coverage with high bonding strength. Owing to the release of Sr ions from the SrPO4 coating and its unique surface topography, OB cells demonstrate increased proliferation and differentiation, while the cellular responses of OC are suppressed, compared to the control case, i.e., bare TNTZ. This TNTZ implant with a near physiologic Young's modulus and a functional SrPO4 coating provides a new direction in the design and manufacture of implantable devices used in the management of orthopedic conditions in osteoporotic individuals.
Incidence of Endometrial Carcinoma in King County, Washington: A Standardized Histologic Review: Brief Communication2
Authors: Daniel R. Szekely, Noel S. Weiss, Abraham I. Schweid
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Journal Article Incidence of Endometrial Carcinoma in King County, Washington: A Standardized Histologic Review: Brief Communication Get access Daniel R. Szekely, Daniel R. Szekely Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Noel S. Weiss, Noel S. Weiss 5 5Address reprint requests to Dr. Weiss, Department of Epidemiology, SC-36, School of Public Health and Community, Medicine, University of Washington, Seattie, Wash., 98195. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Abraham I. Schweid Abraham I. Schweid Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 60, Issue 5, May 1978, Pages 985–989, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/60.5.985 Published: 01 May 1978 Article history Received: 09 August 1977 Accepted: 14 November 1977 Published: 01 May 1978
Allogeneic Stem-Sell Transplantation In Multiple Myeloma In Real Practice: Long-Term Results From a Single Institution
Authors: Raquel Jiménez, Laura Rosiñol, Montserrat Rovira, Francisco Fernández-Avilés, Carmen Martínez, Gonzalo Gutiérrez-García, Maria Suárez-LLedó, Carlos Fernández De Larrea, Alvaro Urbano, Joan Blade
Journal: Blood (2013)
SAT0371 Characterization of a SjÖgren's Syndrome-Associated Long Non-Coding RNA at 2P25.1
Authors: J.A. Ice, I. Adrianto, H. Li, A. Rasmussen, G.B. Wiley, D.U. Stone, B.M. Segal, N.L. Rhodus, L. Radfar, J.A. James, C.G. Montgomery, R.H. Scofield, P.M. Gaffney, L.F. Thompson, A.D. Farris, S. Kovats, J.D. Wren, K.L. Sivils, C.J. Lessard
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Sjögren9s syndrome (SS) is a common autoimmune disorder characterized by immune-mediated exocrine gland destruction and systemic inflammation contributing to clinical heterogeneity. The complex regulatory mechanisms governing these responses are poorly understood. We previously performed an RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) study and identified &gt;2,600 differentially expressed (DE) transcripts associated with SS. <h3>Objectives</h3> This study sought to validate, replicate, and functionally characterize one upregulated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) mapped to chromosome 2p25.1 to better understand its role in SS pathogenesis. <h3>Methods</h3> Technical validation and replication of the 2p25.1 lncRNA upregulation was assessed by qPCR. Bioinformatic analysis using GAMMA-seq was used to identify co-expression patterns of this lncRNA with other transcripts. Cellular expression patterns of the 2p25.1 lncRNA were determined by FACS in 9 distinct immune cell subsets in a healthy control followed by RNA isolation and qPCR to assess expression. Statistical comparisons were made using t-tests and Pearson correlations. <h3>Results</h3> RNA-seq showed significant upregulation of the 2p25.1 lncRNA when comparing 27 healthy controls and 57 SS patients (<i>P</i><sub>adj</sub>=3.69x10<sup>-5</sup>; Fold Change=2.4). Technical validation by qPCR confirmed this finding (<i>P</i>=0.0096), and correlation with RNA-seq results was observed (<i>r</i>=0.869). Transcript expression in an independent sample set of 36 SS patients and 21 controls confirmed the lncRNA upregulation (<i>P</i>=0.0183). Co-expression patterns showed T, NK, and dendritic cell activation, development, and proliferation. Expression levels of the 2p25.1 lncRNA were highest in the CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells (RU=3.34), followed by CD56int NK cells (RU=2.08), CD56hi NK cells (RU=0.83), and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells (RU=0.81). Expression was not detected in CD141<sup>+</sup> and CD1c<sup>+</sup>CD11c<sup>+</sup> myeloid DCs, monocytes, B cells, or pDCs. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We have identified, technically validated, and independently replicated the upregulation of a novel SS lncRNA at 2p25.1. Furthermore, we have established that this transcript is highly expressed in CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, and NK cells. This study establishes the 2p25.1 lncRNA as the first associated with SS and lays the groundwork for further functional characterization in the pathogenesis of this complex disorder. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Specific Targets in Sarcoma and Developmental Therapeutics
Authors: David M. Thomas, Andrew J. Wagner
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2010)

Connective tissue tumors comprise a rich array of subtypes, many of which possess strong pathognomonic phenotypes and genotypes of therapeutic significance. This article describes recent applications of targeted and nontargeted therapeutic agents in connective tissue tumors that illustrate important themes in drug development. Targeted therapy has exploited the paradigms of oncogene and lineage addiction. In other cases, potential targets are more difficult to classify, such as the role of the insulin-like growth factor 1 pathway in Ewing's sarcoma. Understanding why these pathways seem critical in some cancers, and in some individuals but not others, is important in identifying novel therapeutic opportunities in an age of personalized medicine.
Review of mediastinal lymph node examination (mLNE) in a lung cancer resection (LCR) cohort.
Authors: R. U. Osarogiagbon, J. W. Allen, A. Farooq, T. O'Brien, J. T. Wu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

7070 Background: Optimal management after curative-intent LCR requires mLNE. mLN dissection (MLND) and systematic sampling (SS) are acceptable; random sampling (RS) and no sampling (NS) are not. Forty percent of LCR in national databases have NS. We estimated the relative role of surgical and pathology (Path) practice on poor mLNE. Methods: Review of operation (OP) notes and Path reports from all LCR in a metropolitan area from 1/1/04 to 12/31/08. mLNE was categorized as: MLND, defined by the ACOSOG Z0030 trial; SS, defined by either ACOSOG Z0030, OSI RADIANT or the ECOG 1505 trial; RS, LNE not meeting the preceding criteria; NS, no LN examined. We compared operating surgeons' claims to the Path report and a blinded independent surgery reviewer (ISR). Results: N = 732; median age = 68 years; 52% male; 76% Caucasian; 95% insured; 45% had adeno-, 36% had squamous cancer. 11% had pneumonectomy, 12% wedge resection, the others lobe/bilobectomy. All LCR were by board-certified thoracic surgeons. The Table shows mLNE reported by the 3 observers. None met Path criteria for MLND; no surgeons claimed SS. Highest concordance rate (CR) occurred with RS and NS. Of 249 (34%) LCR with all 3 observers concordant, 85% were NS, 15% RS. The surgeons were concordant in 61% of MLND claims. CR between ISR and Path report was 49% (33% with NS excluded). Conclusions: There is poor concordance between claimed mLNE procedures after LCR, and objective review of Path reports and OP notes. Identified problems are as follows:1) High proportion of suboptimal mLNE. 2) Wide gap between CR of ISR and pathology review; suggests that pathology examination of mLN material is frequently incomplete. 3) Inaccurate terminology used by operating surgeons to describe mLN retrieval. Interventions to improve the process of mLN mapping and mLNE are urgently needed. mLN procedure claimed by operating surgeon N (%) MLND SS RS NS 326 (45) 0 56 (8) 350 (48) ISR 198 (61) - 2 (4) 12 (3) MLND, n = 121 (29%) 1 (0.3) - - 1 (0.3) SS, n = 2 (<1%) 77 (24) - 6 (11) 273 (78) RS, n = 189 (26%) 50 (15) - 6 (11) 273 (78) NS, n = 329 (45%) 71 CR, % Overall Excluding NS 64 Path report - - - - MLND, n = 0 (0%) 50 (15) - 3 (5) 11 (3) SS, n = 64 (9%) 221 (68) - 43 (77) 100 (29) RS, n = 364 (50%) 55 (17) - 10 (18) 239 (68) NS, n = 304 (42%) 39 CR, % Overall Excluding NS 11 No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Imatinib for the treatment of thymic carcinoma
Authors: J. T. Salter, D. Lewis, C. Yiannoutsos, P. J. Loehrer, L. Risley, E. G. Chiorean
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

8116 Background: Thymic carcinomas (TC) are rare neoplastic diseases with chemosensitivity to a broad range of agents. As no curative treatment exists for patients with advanced disease, additional agents are needed in this setting. Studies have demonstrated expression of c-kit in TC, presenting a potential target for inhibitors of the KIT tyrosine kinase receptor (TKR). Imatinib mesylate (IM) is an orally administered inhibitor of multiple TKR's, including bcr-abl, KIT, and PDGFR. A single published case reported an objective response to imatinib in a patient with TC overexpressing KIT (NEJM 350(25), 2004), making this an attractive agent to study in this setting. We present the results of a pilot study using IM in patients with advanced TC. Methods: Patients with previously treated, pathologically confirmed TC were eligible for study. All patients had received prior treatment with at least one line of chemotherapy, including a platinum-based regimen. All patients had radiographically measurable disease and tumor specimens confirmed positive for either c-kit or PDGFR by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Patients were treated with IM 600mg by mouth daily on a 21-day cycle. Treatment was continued until disease progression or undue toxicity. Response was evaluated every 6 weeks while on treatment. Results: From April, 2006 to February, 2007, 11 patients with advanced, unresectable, previously treated TC were enrolled on study. IHC expression was confirmed for c-kit (9) and PDGFR (2). The median number of cycles administered on study was 2 (range 1–6). Treatment was well tolerated with minimal toxicities noted. One patient experienced grade 3 dyspnea and another grade 3 hyponatremia related to treatment - there were no grade 4 toxicities. Of the 11 enrolled patients, there were no observed objective responses. Three patients achieved stable disease (SD) as their best response (median duration of SD for these patients was 6 weeks). Four patients discontinued treatment for disease progression, and 3 for adverse events. Three additional patients withdrew from study at investigator discretion - one patient was lost to follow-up. To date there have been 5 deaths among study patients. Conclusions: Despite KIT and PDGFR overexpression in TC, IM does not appear to have substantial activity to justify its use in patients with this disease. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Nicotine without smoke—putting electronic cigarettes in context
Authors: John Britton, Deborah Arnott, Ann McNeill, Nicholas Hopkinson
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Key messagesSmoking is the biggest avoidable cause of death, disability, and health inequalities in the UK The hazard to health arising from long term use of e-cigarettes is unlikely to exceed 5% of the harm from smoking tobacco Experience in the UK suggests that e-cigarettes are more popular with smokers than other non-tobacco nicotine products and are being used almost entirely by smokers who want to cut down or quit smoking E-cigarettes represent an important means to reduce the harm to individuals and society from tobacco use E-cigarettes should continue to be supported by government and promoted as a tobacco harm reduction strategy
Quantitative proteomics of the tobacco pollen tube secretome identifies novel pollen tube guidance proteins important for fertilization
Authors: Said Hafidh, David Potěšil, Jan Fíla, Věra Čapková, Zbyněk Zdráhal, David Honys
Journal: Genome biology (2016)

As in animals, cell-cell communication plays a pivotal role in male-female recognition during plant sexual reproduction. Prelaid peptides secreted from the female reproductive tissues guide pollen tubes towards ovules for fertilization. However, the elaborate mechanisms for this dialogue have remained elusive, particularly from the male perspective.