tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive, neuron-specific gene therapy by focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening in Parkinson's disease mouse model
Authors: Chung-Yin Lin, Han-Yi Hsieh, Chiung-Mei Chen, Shang-Rung Wu, Chih-Hung Tsai, Chiung-Yin Huang, Mu-Yi Hua, Kuo-Chen Wei, Chih-Kuang Yeh, Hao-Li Liu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2016)
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Early Hospital Discharge and Home Follow-up of Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Authors: Dorothy Brooten, Savitri Kumar, Linda P. Brown, Priscilla Butts, Steven A. Finkler, Susan Bakewell-Sachs, Ann Gibbons, Maria Delivoria-Papadopoulos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Abstract To determine the safety, efficacy, and cost savings of early hospital discharge of very-low-birth-weight infants (≤1500 g), we randomly assigned infants to one of two groups. Infants in the control group (n = 40) were discharged according to routine nursery criteria, which included a weight of about 2200 g. Those in the early-discharge group (n = 39) were discharged before they reached this weight if they met a standard set of conditions. For families of infants in the early-discharge group, instruction, counseling, home visits, and daily on-call availability of a hospital-based nurse specialist for 18 months were provided. Infants in the early-discharge group were discharged a mean of 11 days earlier, weighed 200 g less, and were two weeks younger at discharge than control infants. The mean hospital charge for the early-discharge group was 27 percent less than that for the control group ($47,520 vs. $64,940; P<0.01), and the mean physician's charge was 22 percent less ($5,933 vs. $7,649; P<0.01). The mean cost of the home follow-up care in the early-discharge group was $576, yielding a net saving of $18,560 for each infant. The two groups did not differ in the numbers of rehospitalizations and acute care visits, or in measures of physical and mental growth. We conclude that early discharge of very-low-birth-weight infants, with follow-up care in the home by a nurse specialist, is safe and cost effective. (N Engl J Med 1986; 315:934–9.)
Discussions of Life Expectancy and Changes in Illness Understanding in Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Andrew S. Epstein, Holly G. Prigerson, Eileen M. O’Reilly, Paul K. Maciejewski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

Accurate illness understanding enables patients to make informed decisions. Evidence of the influence of prognostic discussions on the accuracy of illness understanding by patients would demonstrate the value of discussions.Recent and past oncology provider-patient discussions about prognosis/life expectancy were examined for their association with changes in illness understanding by patients. Patients (N = 178) with advanced cancers refractory to prior chemotherapy whom oncologists expected to die within 6 months were interviewed before and after a visit in which cancer restaging scan results were discussed. Illness understanding scores were the sum of four indicator variables: patient terminal illness acknowledgment, recognition of incurable disease status, knowledge of the advanced stage of the disease, and expectation to live months as opposed to years.Before the restaging scan visit, nine (5%) of 178 patients had completely accurate illness understanding (ie, correctly answered each of the four illness understanding questions). Eighteen patients (10%) reported only recent discussions of prognosis/life expectancy with their oncologists; 68 (38%) reported only past discussions; 24 (13%) reported both recent and past discussions; and 68 (38%) reported that they never had discussions of prognosis/life expectancy with their oncologists. After adjustment for potential confounders (ie, education and race/ethnicity), analysis identified significant, positive changes in illness understanding scores for patients in groups that reported recent only (least-squares mean change score, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.23 to 1.01; P = .002) and both recent and past (least-squares mean change score, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.70; P = 0.028) discussions of prognosis/life expectancy with their oncologists.Patients with advanced cancer who report recent discussions of prognosis/life expectancy with their oncologists come to have a better understanding of the terminal nature of their illnesses.
Benefits and Complications of Laparoscopic Pelvic Lymphadenectomy for Detection of Stage D1 Prostate Cancer: A Multicenter Experience
Authors: Massimo Maffezzini, Giorgio Carmignani, Massimo Perachino, Paolo Puppo, Francesco Montorsi, Giorgio Guazzoni, Michele Gallucci, Franco Di Silverio, Maurizio Morelli, Giovanni Muto
Journal: European Urology (1995)
CXCL10/CXCR3 signaling mobilized-regulatory T cells promote liver tumor recurrence after transplantation
Authors: Chang Xian Li, Chang Chun Ling, Yan Shao, Aimin Xu, Xiang Cheng Li, Kevin Tak-Pan Ng, Xiao Bing Liu, Yuen Yuen Ma, Xiang Qi, Hui Liu, Jiang Liu, Oscar Wai Ho Yeung, Xin Xiang Yang, Qing Sheng Liu, Yin Fan Lam, Yuan Zhai, Chung Mau Lo, Kwan Man
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)

Graphical abstractAbstractBackground & AimsLiver graft injury and tumor recurrence are the major challenges of liver transplantation for the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we aimed to explore the role and mechanism of liver graft injury mobilizing regulatory T cells (Tregs), which lead to late phase tumor recurrence after liver transplantation.MethodsThe correlation among tumor recurrence, liver graft injury and Tregs mobilization were studied in 257 liver transplant recipients with HCC and orthotopic rat liver transplantation models. The direct roles of CXCL10/CXCR3 signaling on Tregs mobilization and tumor recurrence were investigated in CXCL10−/− and CXCR3−/− mice models with hepatic IR injury.ResultsClinically, patients received the graft with graft weight ratio (GWR) <60% had higher HCC recurrence after liver transplantation than the recipients with GWR ⩾60% graft. More circulating Tregs and higher intragraft TLR4/CXCL10/CXCR3 levels were detected in recipients with GWR <60% graft. These results were further validated in rat transplantation model. Foxp3+ cells and expressions of TLR4, CXCL10, TGFβ, CTLA-4 and CD274 were increased in rat liver tumor tissues from small-for-size graft group. In mouse model, the mobilization and recruitment of Tregs were decreased in TLR4−/−, CXCL10−/− and CXCR3−/− mice compared to wild-type mice. Moreover, less CXCR3+ Tregs were recruited into liver in CXCL10−/− mice after hepatic IR injury. The knockout of CXCL10 and depletion of Tregs inhibited tumor recurrence after hepatic IR injury.ConclusionCXCL10/CXCR3 signaling upregulated at liver graft injury directly induced the mobilization and intragraft recruitment of Tregs, which further promoted HCC recurrence after transplantation.Lay summaryThere were positive correlation among tumor recurrence, circulating Tregs and liver graft injury after human transplantation for HCC patients. The knockout of CXCL10 decreased hepatic recruitment of CXCR3+ Tregs and late phase tumor recurrence after hepatic IR injury.
Abstract B30: MicoRNA mediated regulation of antiangiogenic resistance in glioblastoma
Authors: Meenu Jain, Bhagelu Achyut, Adarsh Shankar, Kartik Angara, Asm Iskander, Ali S. Arbab
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Anti-angiogeneic therapies are being used in glioma due to high expression of vascular and angiogenic growth factors but without improved survival and tumor recur. Our study used vatalanib (PTK) in U251 tumor cells which secretes proangiogenic and proinvasive proteins. We found 7 proteins (MMP-2, MMP-9, SDF-1α, Tie-2, MCP-1, IL-8, VE Cadherin, and VEGFA) which were altered greater than 20 fold in both U251 complete medium and lysate. We hypothesized that miRNA regulation may be involved in overexpression of these secreted factors that might be responsible for antiangiogenic resistance in glioma. We performed miRNA profiling (Affymetrix miRNA v3 platform) in U251 glioma cell line treated with or without PTK drug under hypoxia and normoxia conditions. Fold changes were estimated using normoxia group as control against normoxia+PTK, hypoxia, hypoxia+PTK, and changes greater than 5 fold were considered for further analysis to investigate potential targets. We found miR-15a and miR-21 were &amp;gt; 7-fold upregulated in group with hypoxia+PTK treatment. Targetscan analysis showed mir-15a may target TNFAIP3, VEGFA and mir21 can target MMP-2, which were altered in U251 cell lysate. Our present study identified novel microRNAs and gene targets which may lead to antiangiogenic resistance in glioma and provide a basis for future clinical trials. In future, functional assays will confirm the role of candidate miRNAs in tumor vasculature development following antiangiogenic drug treatment. Citation Format: Meenu Jain, Bhagelu Achyut, Adarsh Shankar, Kartik Angara, Asm Iskander, Ali S. Arbab. MicoRNA mediated regulation of antiangiogenic resistance in glioblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Brain Cancer Research; May 27-30, 2015; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(23 Suppl):Abstract nr B30.
Website of the week: NHS Direct Online
Authors: Douglas Carnall
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The website of the moment is undoubtedly NHS Direct Online (www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/main.jhtml)—so much so, that on the day of the launch many users (including me) found that the only contact they could have with this self help system was a server error message. Network overload happens when many people try to do the same thing at the same time—trying to use a mobile phone in a traffic jam is the classic example. On the web it's known as the slashdot effect after the eponymous website www.slashdot.org, which brings new developments on the web to a worldwide audience of nerds: when they all arrive at once for a look at a linked site, servers get overwhelmed. In health care it is unusual for everyone to get ill at the same time, so, after the initial hype of the launch has died down, access to the server should be quicker and more reliable.

If you have a diagnosis, say “schizophrenia” or “alcohol,” then the site works very well. A sensible quantity of straightforward information appears rapidly after a search, with links to external organisations interested in the condition. The site has not solved the natural language problem—a search for “cold” brings up information about food safety and refrigeration rather than upper respiratory tract infection—but it is the decision analysis software that will prove most controversial. Superficial testing suggests that it is simplistic and errs on the side of caution, which is appropriate; without proper evaluation, however, claims that it saves lives seem premature.

And now we have a new health inequality to add to a long list. The prime minister himself launched the service in Bootle, but, as local general practitioner Kailash Chand pointed out to the Sun newspaper, “Tony Blair must be living in Cloud Cuckoo Land if he thinks people like these have access to the Internet. Some don't know where their next meal is coming from.”
The Future of Tissue Culture in Cancer Research&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: John H. Hanks
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1957)

Journal Article The Future of Tissue Culture in Cancer Research Get access John H. Hanks John H. Hanks Leonard Wood Memorial Laboratory. Department af Bacteriology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 19, Issue 4, October 1957, Pages 827–843, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/19.4.827 Published: 01 October 1957 Article history Received: 28 May 1957 Published: 01 October 1957
Abstract A73: CDK4/6 inhibition as maintenance therapy in ovarian cancer.
Authors: Mangala Iyengar, Lan Coffman, Ronald Buckanovich
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Over 70% of patients with ovarian cancer who achieve a clinical remission with initial surgery and chemotherapy will relapse and die of their disease. Effective maintenance therapies that can improve the survival of ovarian cancer patients are clearly needed. CDK4/6 inhibitors have been studied as maintenance therapy in hematologic and breast malignancies. CDK4/6 inhibition prevents the G1-S cell cycle phase transition in retinoblastoma (RB1) wild-type cells, causing G0/G1 arrest. Thus, CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy could significantly slow the growth of residual cancer cells after chemotherapy and improve outcomes. Indeed, the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib doubled progression-free survival from 10 to 20 months in late-stage breast cancer. CDK4/6 inhibitors remain untested in ovarian cancer. TCGA analysis shows that almost 40% of ovarian cancer patients bear mutations or dysregulation of genes in the CDK4/6 pathway that could sensitize them to CDK4/6 inhibition. We therefore investigated the CDK4/6 inhibitor LEE-011 (Novartis) in serous ovarian cancer. As expected, LEE-011 treatment led to a dose-dependent delay in the growth of multiple RbWT cell lines. Growth arrest was associated with an increase in the number of cells in the G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle and a decrease in the number of cells in S/M phases of the cell cycle. By contrast, LEE-011 did not produce these effects in the Rbnull COV362 cell line. LEE-011 treatment produced a significant, dose-dependent increase in senescence associated β-galactosidase. Despite significant expression of senescence-associated markers, cells could regrow after termination of LEE-011 therapy, suggesting a potential pseudo-senescent state. Finally, LEE-011 treatment concurrent with cisplatin therapy significantly inhibited the re-growth of RbWT ovarian cancer cells. LEE-011 maintenance therapy after cisplatin treatment led to growth arrest in vitro. Interestingly, although LEE-011 alone failed to show an effect on the Rbnull COV362 cells, LEE-011 maintenance therapy following cisplatin decreased COV362 cell regrowth. This was associated with a dose-dependent decrease in the percentage of ALDH+ cancer stem-like cells. Taken together, these data suggest that LEE-011 may be an effective maintenance therapy for ovarian cancer in not only RbWT cells but potentially even in Rbnull cells. In vivo studies confirming these results are ongoing. Citation Format: Mangala Iyengar, Lan Coffman, Ronald Buckanovich. CDK4/6 inhibition as maintenance therapy in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A73.
Wei's Disease in North Queensland.
Authors: T. J. Cotter
Journal: BMJ (1936)

Ingham is a township of 2,000 inhabitants in the rich sugar-growing districts of North Queensland, approxi mately 18.5 degrees south latitude, lying about twelve miles inland in the richly watered flat country of the Herbert River district between the ranges and the sea sixty-seven miles north of Townsville. It is the main town of the Hinchinbrook Shire, which has a population of roughly 10,000. In the cane-cutting season, which com mences about June and ends about January, there are some 900 cane-cutters with 100 gang cooks in the district. The area is in the wet belt, with an annual rainfall around 80 inches.
Impact of pre-adapted HIV transmission
Authors: Jonathan M Carlson, Victor Y Du, Nico Pfeifer, Anju Bansal, Vincent Y F Tan, Karen Power, Chanson J Brumme, Anat Kreimer, Charles E DeZiel, Nicolo Fusi, Malinda Schaefer, Mark A Brockman, Jill Gilmour, Matt A Price, William Kilembe, Richard Haubrich, Mina John, Simon Mallal, Roger Shapiro, John Frater, P Richard Harrigan, Thumbi Ndung'u, Susan Allen, David Heckerman, John Sidney, Todd M Allen, Philip J R Goulder, Zabrina L Brumme, Eric Hunter, Paul A Goepfert
Journal: Nature Medicine (2016)
Outbreak of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O:1 infection associated with raw milk consumption, Finland, spring 2014
Authors: Triin Pärn, Saija Hallanvuo, Saara Salmenlinna, Annika Pihlajasaari, Seija Heikkinen, Hanna Telkki-Nykänen, Marjaana Hakkinen, Jukka Ollgren, Sari Huusko, Ruska Rimhanen-Finne
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

In March 2014, a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (YP) outbreak was detected by a municipal authority in southern Finland. We conducted epidemiological, microbiological and traceback investigations to identify the source. We defined a case as a person with YP infection notified to the National Infectious Disease Registry between February and April 2014, or their household member, with abdominal pain and fever≥38 °C or erythema nodosum. Healthy household members were used as household-matched controls. We identified 43 cases and 50 controls. The illness was strongly associated with the consumption of raw milk from a single producer. The odds ratio of illness increased with the amount of raw milk consumed. Also previously healthy adults became infected by consuming raw milk. Identical YP strains were identified from cases' stool samples, raw milk sampled from a case's refrigerator and from the milk filter at the producer's farm. The producer fulfilled the legal requirements for raw milk production and voluntarily recalled the raw milk and stopped its production. We advised consumers to heat the raw milk to 72 °C for 15 s. Current legislation for raw milk producers should be reviewed and public awareness of health risks linked to raw milk consumption should be increased.
Chemotactic Activity of LTB<sub>4</sub>in Man
Authors: H. Bisgaard, S. Helqvist, L. Boudet, P. Venge, R. Dahl, J. Søndergaard
Journal: Allergy (1986)

An improved skin window chamber technique has been developed and used for a quantitative study of the chemotactic effect of leukotriene B4 (LTB4). LTB4 (0.5 microM) was exposed to a skin window on the forearm of eight healthy volunteers, while phosphate buffered saline served as control in a skin window on the other forearm. Skin window exudates and samples of blood draining the skin window areas were collected after 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h. The samples were quantitated for the different types of leukocytes as well as the intra- and extracellular concentration of the eosinophilic cationic protein and lactoferrin as markers of eosinophil and neutrophil granulocytes. A significantly increased migration of neutrophil granulocytes into the skin window chamber containing LTB4 was found from the 2nd to the 8th hour after the initial LTB4 exposure. The eosinophils reached a significant peak at the 4th hour. The rise in the actual number of eosinophil cells did not reach significance, whereas measurements of the eosinophilic cationic protein in the cellular fraction of the exudate exhibited a significant increase as a reflection of the number of eosinophils. This highlights the potential clinical value of eosinophilic cationic protein measurements to reveal eosinophilia instead of the traditional eosinophil counts. Extracellular eosinophilic cationic protein and lactoferrin did not change significantly in the LTB4-exposed skin window, implying that LTB4 does not activate the eosinophils and neutrophils to exocytosis of their enzymes. The present in vivo results support the concept of LTB4 being a potent chemoattractant to neutrophil and less so to eosinophil granulocytes in humans, a chemoattractant that recruits the leukocytes but does not seem to activate them.
Psychiatry, the healthy invalid
Authors: J D Frank
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

The author examines the reasons that have been offered in support of a pressimistic appraisal of psychiatry's future. The consequences for psychiatry of increasingly detailed knowledge of the interaction of psychological and physiological processes are emphasized, and the author concludes that psychiatry will continue to play a dominant role in the study and treatment of medical and surgical illness. Thus, although the field is in a transition period, it is certainly not moribund.
Review of Joseph J. Fins,<i>Rights Come to Mind: Brain Injury, Ethics, and the Struggle for Consciousness</i>
Authors: Walter Glannon
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2016)

"Review of Joseph J. Fins, Rights Come to Mind: Brain Injury, Ethics, and the Struggle for Consciousness." The American Journal of Bioethics, 16(6), pp. W6–W7
Doctors are less likely than patients to have stopped eating beef
Authors: H. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—There has been saturation coverage in the media and several articles in medical journals about the possible relation between bovine spongiform encephalopathy, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and consumption of British beef.1 2 3 4 The speculation and hype surrounding this latest food scare have resulted in confusion about the true risks of eating beef. I conducted a study of 43 doctors and 44 patients to determine whether their beef eating habits differed during this crisis and what …
Activity of Phosphatases in Fresh and Dialyzed Extracts of Normal Mouse Liver and of Mouse Hepatoma
Authors: Jesse P. Greenstein, Charles E. Carter, Florence M. Leuthardt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1946)

Journal Article Activity of Phosphatases in Fresh and Dialyzed Extracts of Normal Mouse Liver and of Mouse Hepatoma Get access Jesse P. Greenstein, Jesse P. Greenstein principal biochemist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles E. Carter, Charles E. Carter assistant surgeon National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Florence M. Leuthardt Florence M. Leuthardt junior biochemist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 7, Issue 2, October 1946, Pages 47–49, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/7.2.47 Published: 01 October 1946 Article history Received: 19 July 1946 Published: 01 October 1946
YAP Mediates Tumorigenesis in Neurofibromatosis Type 2 by Promoting Cell Survival and Proliferation through a COX-2–EGFR Signaling Axis
Authors: William Guerrant, Smitha Kota, Scott Troutman, Vinay Mandati, Mohammad Fallahi, Anat Stemmer-Rachamimov, Joseph L. Kissil
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract The Hippo–YAP pathway has emerged as a major driver of tumorigenesis in many human cancers. YAP is a transcriptional coactivator and while details of YAP regulation are quickly emerging, it remains unknown what downstream targets are critical for the oncogenic functions of YAP. To determine the mechanisms involved and to identify disease-relevant targets, we examined the role of YAP in neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) using cell and animal models. We found that YAP function is required for NF2-null Schwann cell survival, proliferation, and tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, YAP promotes transcription of several targets including PTGS2, which codes for COX-2, a key enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis, and AREG, which codes for the EGFR ligand, amphiregulin. Both AREG and prostaglandin E2 converge to activate signaling through EGFR. Importantly, treatment with the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib significantly inhibited the growth of NF2-null Schwann cells and tumor growth in a mouse model of NF2. Cancer Res; 76(12); 3507–19. ©2016 AACR.