tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Jumping Genes and the Immunoglobulin V Gene System
Authors: Robert S. Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Multiple myeloma begins when one B cell of approximately 10 billion in the body undergoes mutations that enable it to outgrow most other cells in the bone marrow. When the neoplastic clone consists of 1011 B cells, serum electrophoresis barely detects the clone's signature molecule, a monoclonal immunoglobulin; with 1012 members, the gammopathy is unmistakable; and with 1013 myeloma cells, symptoms begin to appear. Not the least of the clinical problems in patients with myeloma is susceptibility to bacterial infection, a paradox given the huge amounts of gamma globulin secreted by the tumor. But most of the antibodies in the . . .
Restructuring rehabilitation for women: programs for the female drug addict
Authors: K M Doyle, M A Quinones, G Tracy, D Young, J Hughes
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

Two residential therapeutic communities for female addicts--one coeducational and the other all female--encountered serious problems shortly after their formation. The authors found that the male and female staff of the coeducational program had quite different perceptions of the purposes and characteristics of the women's part of the program. In both programs the female staff held such strongly ambivalent feeling toward their roles as women and authority figures that they had difficulty functioning effectively. The authors suggest the need for research that will identify the female addict's special needs, and a restructuring of programs to meet those needs. Further, training programs for female staff must enable them to distinguish between their own ideals and their clients' needs.
The Persona of Ingmar Bergman: Conquering Demons Through Filmby Barbara Young, M.D. Lanham, Md., Rowman &amp; Littlefield, 2015, 250 pp., $38.00 (hardcover).
Authors: Isabelle Guillemet, Robert D. Davies
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2016)

up-to-date content and concise writing style.The outstanding organization and concise detail of this book make this a very useful reference for psychiatric providers for test preparation (e.g., for psychiatric residency and board certification exams) and strengthen the clinical foundation for this debilitating but treatable disorder.In addition, therapists, nurses, and interested patients will find this book useful as a broad overview of the disorder.
Recent clinical experience with multimodality therapy in thymic carcinoma
Authors: J. Huang, N. Rizk, B. Park, M. Bains, R. Flores, R. Downey, V. Rusch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

18003 Background: Thymic carcinomas typically carry a poor prognosis and are quite rare. As such, their management has not been standardized. We reviewed our recent experience with multimodality treatment for thymic carcinoma for outcomes. Methods: Retrospective review of a single institution surgical database. Data included patient demographics, pre-operative staging and treatment, peri-operative events, pathologic findings, and postoperative outcomes. Results: During the 10 year period from 1996–2006, 115 thymic tumors were primarily resected, including 17 patients who had thymic carcinoma. Patient characteristics are listed in the table below. Twelve patients underwent preoperative, platinum-based chemotherapy, and nine patients underwent postoperative radiation. At a mean follow-up of 28.4 months (range 2.1–141.7, median 10.9), 59% (10/17) are disease-free, 2 have died of disease, 4 are alive with disease. In the 10 patients who underwent complete resection, there have been no recurrences. There was one operative mortality. There were no adverse events of CTCAE Grade III or higher. Median length of stay was 5 days (range 3–8). Median survival has not yet been reached. Overall 5-year survival was 80%. Conclusions: Multimodality therapy for thymic carcinoma can result in good long-term survival. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Welsh whistleblower is to be reinstated
Authors: Roger Dobson Abergavenny
Journal: BMJ (2002)

An orthopaedic consultant who has been obliged to go on extended leave for more than two years is set to return to work when she has completed 12 months of refresher training.

Sian Caiach initially went on what was called extended maternity leave in April 2000 when allegations were made about her clinical practice. These came shortly after the Audit Commission began to investigate complaints she had made about private practice at Prince Philip Hospital, Llanelli. That investigation subsequently found irregularities in the charging of private patients at the hospital.

Ms Caiach said she first raised her concerns in 1997 and made her complaints through all the normal lines of management up to chief executive. The health authority recommended that she refer the matter to the district auditor, who then involved the Audit Commission.

Ms Caiach says that the day she was interviewed by a commission representative last April a clinical complaint was filed against her, consisting of a general complaint and complaints relating to half a dozen cases.

A spokesman for the Carmarthenshire NHS Trust said: “We can confirm that Ms Caiach is currently undergoing a training programme… Training is being carried out with a view to Ms Caiach returning to work if it is satisfactorily completed.”
Margretta Eleanor Addis-Jones
Authors: Clive Addis-Jones
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Born into a house that frequently provided hospitality to Aneurin Bevan, the local MP, and perhaps influenced by him, Margretta Eleanor Addis-Jones (“Lynne”) was always anxious to practise medicine. She spent the war years being schooled at Malvern Girls’ College in rural Worcestershire, away from the bombs, before proceeding to study classics at St Andrews University in Dundee, places for medical school being in short supply. On leaving St Andrews she spent a year attending …
Patients With Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction Have Impaired Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Reduced HDL Particle Concentration
Authors: Jeffrey S. Monette, Patrick M. Hutchins, Graziella E. Ronsein, Jake Wimberger, Angela D. Irwin, Chongren Tang, Jaskanwal D. Sara, Baohai Shao, Tomas Vaisar, Amir Lerman, Jay W. Heinecke
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

Coronary endothelial dysfunction (ED)-an early marker of atherosclerosis-increases the risk of cardiovascular events.We tested the hypothesis that cholesterol efflux capacity and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle concentration predict coronary ED better than HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C).We studied 80 subjects with nonobstructive (<30% stenosis) coronary artery disease. ED was defined as <50% change in coronary blood flow in response to intracoronary infusions of acetylcholine during diagnostic coronary angiography. Cholesterol efflux capacity and HDL particle concentration (HDL-PIMA) were assessed with validated assays. Cholesterol efflux capacity and HDL-PIMA were both strong, inverse predictors of ED (P<0.001 and 0.005, respectively). In contrast, HDL-C and other traditional lipid risk factors did not differ significantly between control and ED subjects. Large HDL particles were markedly decreased in ED subjects (33%; P=0.005). After correction for HDL-C, both efflux capacity and HDL-PIMA remained significant predictors of ED status. HDL-PIMA explained cholesterol efflux capacity more effectively than HDL-C (r=0.54 and 0.36, respectively). The efflux capacities of isolated HDL and serum HDL correlated strongly (r=0.49).Cholesterol efflux capacity and HDL-PIMA are reduced in subjects with coronary ED, independently of HDL-C. Alterations in HDL-PIMA and HDL itself account for a much larger fraction of the variation in cholesterol efflux capacity than does HDL-C. A selective decrease in large HDL particles may contribute to impaired cholesterol efflux capacity in ED subjects. These observations support a role for HDL size, concentration, and function as markers-and perhaps mediators-of coronary atherosclerosis in humans.
Video-based supervision for training of endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Amit Bhatt, Seiichiro Abe, Arthi Kumaravel, Mansour Parsi, Tyler Stevens, Sunguk Jang, Rocio Lopez, Ichiro Oda, John Vargo, Yutaka Saito
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

<b>Background and study aim:</b> Adoption of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in Western countries has been limited by the difficulty in learning the procedure. Although a porcine model is commonly used for ESD training, without expert guidance the procedure is difficult to master. The availability of Western ESD experts is limited, and expert supervision through a remote video-based system may be a practical method for Western endoscopists to learn ESD. The aim of this study was to assess the value of video-based remote evaluation in supervising ESD training. <b>Methods:</b> Two Western endoscopists performed ESD training procedures in an ex vivo porcine model at least every 2 weeks until competency was achieved. Competency was defined as consistent en bloc resection of a 3-cm area within 30 minutes, and without perforation, using the proper ESD technique. A Japanese ESD expert at the National Cancer Center in Tokyo, Japan, analyzed the training videos, scored them, and provided written feedback for improvement after each training session and before the trainee's next training session. <b>Results:</b> Endoscopist 1 reached competency at 23 procedures and endoscopist 2 reached competency at 25 procedures. No difference in skill improvement between the two endoscopists was noted. One trainee subsequently completed eight ESD procedures in patients, with curative en bloc resection and no complications. <b>Conclusion:</b> A standardized ESD training program including educational presentations/videos and preclinical animal training with expert guidance through a remote video-based system is an effective tool for learning ESD techniques in preparation for performing the procedure in humans.
Increased levels of inflammatory mediators in lung cancer and their modulation by oral anticoagulant treatment
Authors: D. A. Hoppensteadt, A. Ciftci, M. Demir, G. Altiay, M. Tobu, O. Iqbal, D. Fareed, R. Bick, J. Fareed
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

17050 Background: Venous thromboembolic events (VTE) are associated with lung cancer and significantly contributes to the increased mortality in these patients. While the increased prevalence of VTE is fully recognized in lung cancer, its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Even the patients undergoing therapeutic interventions are at high risk to develop VTE. These patients provide a unique clinical setting to investigate the pathogenesis of lung cancer associated thrombosis. Methods: In a prospective, randomized, controlled study patients with inoperable lung cancer (n = 100) were randomized to receive chemotherapy, radiation and warfarin (INR 1.5–2.5) or chemotherapy, radiation without warfarin (n = 50). Blood samples were drawn prior to and after the second treatment cycle with warfarin. All samples were analyzed for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α), CD 40 ligand (CD 40L), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and nitric oxide (NO). Results: Summarized in the table given below. All of the surrogate markers of inflammation showed a decreased trend (13–50%) in the warfarin treated group, whereas the non-warfarin treated group exhibited an increase (18–46%) in all markers except CRP and ADMA. Conclusions: The levels of various inflammatory markers are upregulated in lung cancer suggesting a pathogenic role of this process in lung cancer. Warfarin down regulated the inflammatory process in contrast to the non-warfarin treated group. The clinical relevance of these observations require additional analysis. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Appreciating the Role of Advanced Practice Providers in Oncology
Authors: William Levy, Suzanne Gagnet, F. Marc Stewart
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2013)

The integration of physician assistants (PAs) and nurse practitioners (NPs) into practices caring for patients with cancer is well recognized and decades old.Advanced practice providers (APPs), as they are collectively identified, play an important role in both academic and private practices.In light of well-known projections for increased numbers of cancer diagnoses, increased numbers of cancer survivors, and a shortfall of fellowship-trained hematology and oncology physicians over the next 8 to 10 years, examination of several variables relative to APPs is timely. 1 Areas of consideration include recruitment, training, clinical role, productivity, and retention.To successfully ensure continued growth in APP capacity in oncology, all of these areas, and possibly others, must be addressed by practices considering or using APPs.
Maintenance therapy (MT) with weekly paclitaxel improves outcome for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients
Authors: C. P. Belani, M. C. Perry, R. V. La Rocca, D. Rinaldi, P. S. Gable, W. J. Tester
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

7143 Background: There is no defined role for MT beyond 4 cycles of combination chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC. Our previously reported randomized, Phase III trial (Belani et al, Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 23:619, 2004) evaluated weekly paclitaxel as MT for patients with CR, PR or SD after 4 cycles of chemotherapy. We now present results of the MT phase of that study. Methods: Patients were randomized to Arm 1 (carboplatin AUC=6 mg/ml.min every 4 weeks with paclitaxel 100 mg/m2 weekly for 3 out of 4 weeks) or Arm 2 (carboplatin AUC= 6 mg/ml.min and paclitaxel 225 mg/m2, both administered every 3 weeks). Following 4 cycles of therapy, patients with CR, PR or SD were eligible to receive MT with paclitaxel at 70 mg/m2 weekly for 3 of 4 weeks until progression. Results: Of the 444 patients enrolled, 183 were eligible for MT; 141 (77%) entered the MT phase. Sixty two percent of patients were male and median age was 63 years (35–83). For patients who participated in MT, the median number of paclitaxel doses was10 (1–51) for Arm 1 and 9 (1–80) for Arm 2. Median TTP was 33 weeks and 29 weeks respectively for Arms 1 and 2 for those patients receiving MT (n=141), compared to 12 weeks (Arm 1) and 11 weeks (Arm 2) for patients not eligible for MT (n=261) or who chose not to receive MT (n=42) combined (no MT). Median survival was 76 weeks (MT) versus 29 weeks (no MT). One- and 2-year survival rates were 69% and 33% (MT) versus 25% and 9% (no MT), respectively. Among those patients eligible for MT, median survival was significantly greater (p=0.016) for those who received MT (76 weeks) than for those who refused MT (50 weeks). The incidence of gr3/4neutropenia was 1.4% without any febrile neutropenia and gr3/4 neuropathy was 3.5%. Conclusions: Maintenance weekly paclitaxel for patients who achieve CR/PR/SD with initial therapy is associated with improved survival and minimal toxicity. MT therapy with weekly paclitaxel may be considered a potential therapeutic option for advanced NSCLC. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Bristol-Myers Squibb Bristol-Myers Squibb Bristol-Myers Squibb Bristol-Myers Squibb
Eosinophil-Related Gene Expression in Children with Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders (EGIDs)
Authors: Tetsuo Shoda, Ichiro Nomura, Katsuhiro Arai, Hirotaka Shimizu, Yoshiyuki Yamada, Kanami Orihara, Hideaki Morita, Akio Matsuda, Yukihiro Ohya, Hirohisa Saito, Kenji Matsumoto
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Deaths From Childhood Leukemia and Solid Tumors Among Twins and Other Sibs in the United States, 1960–67
Authors: Robert W. Miller, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

A previously reported 5-year nationwide survey of death certificates to ascertain cancer mortality during childhood in sibs was extended by 3 years. The number of presumably identical sets of twins who died of leukemia early in life increased from 5–7 pairs, maintaining the concordance rate at about 17%. Among sibs other than twins, brain tumor was found in 8 pairs versus 0.9 expected. There were also 8 families versus 0.9 expected in which 1 child died of brain tumor and another died of cancer of bone or muscle. In 2 families, 1 child had adrenocortical carcinoma and another had rhabdomyosarcoma, a combination which appeared to represent part of a familial cancer syndrome. Each of 3 children with lymphoma and 1 with lymphocytic leukemia had sibs with carcinoma of the colon. In 1 of these families the affected children were known to have polyposis of the colon, and 2 other first-degree relatives had died of sarcoma. This array suggested still another familial cancer syndrome. The extended series also revealed new pairs of sibs with Wilms' tumor, lymphoma, and neuroblastoma (in male twins).
Do gene signatures predict effectiveness of bevacizumab and cetuximab?
Authors: H. H. Fiebig, J. Schüler, T. Greiner, T. Metz, N. Bausch, A. Korrat
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

14519 Background: Bevacizumab (BV), an AB against VEGF, was recently approved in combination regimens for metastatic colon, lung and renal cancer patients. Cetuximab (CTX) directed aginst EGFR was approved in combinations in metastatic colon and in head and neck cancers. We investigated the hypothesis that correlating drug response with gene expression would identify specific gene signatures which predict the response of individual tumors. Methods: For 220 patient derived solid tumor models growing sc in nude mice gene expression profiles of ∼38k genes were determined using the Affymetrix HG-U133 plus 2.0 chip. In a previous study we have demonstrated a high correct correlation of in-vivo xenograft testings for standard agents compared to the responses in the 80 donor patients. Now BV was investigated in 72 xenografts applied iv at 40 mg/kg on day 0, and 20mg/kg/d on day 7 and 14, respectively, when the tumors reached ∼100 mm³. Results: For BV using a T/C of <34% as cut-off for activity 29% (21/72) of all tumors were sensitive, 12/34 NSCLC, 4/18 colon, 3/10 breast and 2/10 renal cancers. The bioinformatic analysis yielded an optimal signature consisting of 35 genes. The 72 tests were randomly divided into a training and a testing set (47 and 25 tumors). The gene signature was validated using the leave-one-out cross- validation (LOOCV) and in the independent testing set. In the LOOCV 15/47 tumors were predicted to respond from which in the real testings 10 responded which resulted in an increase of response rate from 30% (14/47) to 67%. From the predicted 32 non-responders 28 (88%) were resistant in real testings. In the independent testing set the correct prediction was 71% for the predicted responders and 89% for the non- responders. From the 35 genes 21 are associated with angiogenesis. In a similar study a gene signature was determined for CTX consisting of 26 genes. In 54 tumors (colon, H+N, NSCLC) a response rate of 24% was obtained in random vs. 61% in gene signature guided testing, respectively. The correct prediction for non-response was 94% for CTX. Conclusions: Specific gene signatures predicted responsiveness and resistance against BV and CTX. They are now being tested in fresh tumor samples from cancer patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Reply to Jae Heon Kim's Letter to the Editor re: Lorenzo Marconi, Saeed Dabestani, Thomas B. Lam, et al. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy of Percutaneous Renal Tumour Biopsy. Eur Urol 2016;69:660–73
Authors: Lorenzo Marconi, Thomas B. Lam, Axel Bex, Börje Ljungberg, Alessandro Volpe
Journal: European Urology (2016)
Phase 1 studies of central memory–derived CD19 CAR T–cell therapy following autologous HSCT in patients with B-cell NHL
Authors: Xiuli Wang, Leslie L. Popplewell, Jamie R. Wagner, Araceli Naranjo, M. Suzette Blanchard, Michelle R. Mott, Adam P. Norris, ChingLam W. Wong, Ryan Z. Urak, Wen-Chung Chang, Samer K. Khaled, Tanya Siddiqi, Lihua E. Budde, Jingying Xu, Brenda Chang, Nikita Gidwaney, Sandra H. Thomas, Laurence J. N. Cooper, Stanley R. Riddell, Christine E. Brown, Michael C. Jensen, Stephen J. Forman
Journal: Blood (2016)
Persistent Infection of L Cells With Polyoma Virus: Periodic Destruction and Repopulation of the Cultures&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Gertrude Henle, Harry C. Hinze, Werner Henle
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1963)

Persistent infection with polyoma virus was established in monolayers of several lines of Earle's L cells. Such infection was unusual in that it led periodically to extensive cellular destruction and repopulation of the cultures with concomitant increases and decreases of infected cells as determined by immunofluorescence. Soon after primary infection and at the beginning of recovery periods nuclear fluorescence was prominent, whereas during stages of cultural degeneration cytoplasmic staining was preponderant. Cells containing viral antigen tended to occur in foci, which suggested that the infection is spread partly by contact. Addition of antipolyoma serum to carrier populations improved their appearance and rapidly reduced the incidence of staining cells, but final cures were achieved only after months of continuous treatment. The yields of virus per infected cell were similar to those observed in mouse embryo cultures. Monodispersed suspended L cells failed to support persistent infection. Carrier cultures showed slight degrees of resistance to superinfection with Newcastle disease and influenza A viruses, but none to the virus of vesicular stomatitis. No interferon was detectable. Attempts to overcome the partial resistance by manipulations, reported to reduce interference and interferon action, failed. Addition of interfering preparations of ultraviolet-inactivated Newcastle disease virus or of a potent interferon had some beneficial effect but did not establish a stable equilibrium, and fluctuations in the incidence of polyoma-infected cells continued. While an interaction of interference and interferon in this system has not been irrefutably excluded, other undetermined factors probably are involved in maintenance of the persistent infection.