tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
South Africa plans to liberalise abortion law
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The South African parliament will consider a law that permits abortion on demand until the twelfth week of pregnancy, and, thereafter, under certain conditions (rape and incest). Parental or spousal permission would be unnecessary. Doctors who were unwilling to perform abortions would be required to make referrals to avoid 10 years in jail. The Medical Research Council informed parliament that nearly 45,000 unsafe, "backstreet" abortions (84% to Black women) resulted in admission to public hospitals annually, at a cost of $4.5m (R19m) per year. Present law is restrictive, and White women can afford to pay for abortions. Dr. Nkosazana Diamini-Zuma, the Minister of Health, favors the bill; he describes the 425 deaths from septic abortions as the equivalent of a jumbo jet crash in which all the passengers are killed, most of whom are poor with limited access to family planning and with inadequate support systems for unwanted children. Backstreet abortions may number 400,000 per year. Some hospitals have said they will refuse to allow abortions to be performed, and pro-life and religious groups have argued and demonstrated against the law; however, other religious groups have argued for it. The African National Congress will vote for the bill, in spite of opposition from older members, which ensures passage of the bill; the Catholic church intends to contest the law in a constitutional court, which could delay its implementation.
Scintigraphy of Ileal Hemorrhage From Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: &NA; D. NGUYEN, JOHN D. PORT, JOHN D. PETRONIS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

The authors present a case of hemorrhage from ileal metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. The Tc-99m-tagged red blood cell scintigraphy was helpful in demonstrating the hypervascular characteristics of the distal intestinal lesion and in guiding the subsequent selective angiographic work-up and surgery.
FRI0276 Incidence of spondyloarthropathy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A population-based study
Authors: R. Shivashankar, E.V. Loftus, W.J. Tremaine, W.S. Harmsen, A.R. Zinsmeister, E.L. Matteson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Spondyloarthropathy (SpA) is an important extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The spectrum and incidence of this form of arthritis are not well studied in a defined population base. <h3>Objectives</h3> We aimed to assess the cumulative incidence and clinical spectrum of SpA for the first time in a population-based cohort of patients with IBD. Also, we aimed to compare the cumulative incidence of SpA in ulcerative colitis (UC) to that of Crohn's disease (CD). <h3>Methods</h3> The medical records of a population-based cohort of Olmsted County, MN residents diagnosed with IBD from 1970 through 2004 were reviewed. Patients were followed longitudinally until moving from Olmsted County, death, or June 30, 2011. We recorded data on musculoskeletal symptoms and disease, and used the European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group and New York criteria to identify patients with SpA. The cumulative incidence of SpA subsequent to IBD diagnosis was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods <h3>Results</h3> The cohort included 676 patients with IBD (Crohn's disease [CD] n=311; ulcerative colitis [UC] n=365), of which 45.6% were women. The median age at diagnosis of IBD was 33.1 years (range 1-91). Prior to IBD diagnosis, the prevalence of spondyloarthropathy was 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4%&gt;2.1%). The overall cumulative incidence of a diagnosis of spondyloarthropathy after an established diagnosis of IBD was 2.3% (95% CI, 1.1%&gt;3.5%) at 10 years, 4.2% (2.3%&gt;6.1%) at 20 years, and 4.9% (3.5%&gt;10.3%) at 30 years. The 10, 20 and 30 year rates respectively for CD were 2.6%, 6.1%, and 9.8%, and for UC 1.9%, 2.8% and 4.9%. The overall 10-year cumulative incidence of ankylosing spondylitis for all IBD was 0.2% (0-0.5%) and 20-year cumulative incidence was 0.7% (0-1.6%). Sacroiliitis, oligoarthritis and polyarthritis were observed in 1.6%, 3.1% and 1.3% of patients in the post-IBD diagnosis period, respectively. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We have for the first time defined the actual cumulative incidence of SpA in IBD using complete medical record information in a population-based cohort. The cumulative incidence of all forms of SpA increased to about one in 50 patients by 10 years from IBD diagnosis and one in 20 patients by 30 years from IBD diagnosis. The rate of SpA in UC patients is about half of the incidence rate seen over the same time period in our CD cohort. SpA is known to be associated with IBD and, therefore, clinicians must be cognizant of this extraintestinal manifestation when caring for a patient with IBD. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
THU0027 TREM-1 stimulation inhibits human osteoclastogenesis via down-regulation of M-CSF receptor expression
Authors: B. Lee, T.-H. Kim, E. Kwon, S.J. Choi, Y.H. Lee, J. Sohn, G.G. Song, J.D. Ji
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREMs) are a family of cell surface receptors that play important roles in innate and adaptive immunity. Among then, TREM-2 has been extensively studied in the osteoclast differentiation and the essential role of TREM-2 in human osteoclastogenesis has been well established. However, much less has been known about the role of TREM-1 in human osteoclast differentiation. <h3>Objectives</h3> In this study, we investigated the role of TREM-1 in human osteoclast differentiation. <h3>Methods</h3> In vitro osteoclastogenesis assays were performed using osteoclast precursors from normal peripheral blood. Gene expressions were analyzed using real-time PCR. <h3>Results</h3> Consistent with previous reports, TREM-2 expression was strongly increased during generation of human osteoclast precursors (pOCs). In contrast, TREM-1 expression was significantly decreased during generation of human pOCs. Stimulation of TREM-1 using agonistic TREM-1 antibody resulted in a significant suppression of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, as evidenced by diminished formation of TRAP+ multinucleated cells. In addition, TREM-1 stimulation strongly suppressed RANKL-induced expression of osteoclast-related genes such as cathepsin K, integrin β3 and NFATc1. TREM-1 stimulation also down-regulated gene expression and cell surface expression of M-CSF receptor that is essential for osteoclast differentiation and survival. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this study, we demonstrated that TREM-1 play a negative regulator in human osteoclast differentiation and our findings identify a new mechanism of negative regulation of osteoclastogenesis that play a role during inflammation. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Phase I Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Study of Diethyldithiocarbamate as a Chemoprotector From Toxic Effects of Cisplatin
Authors: R Qazi, A. Y. C. Chang, R. F. Borch, T. Montine, P. Dedon, J. Loughner, J. M. Bennett
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) has been shown to provide protection against most clinically significant toxk effects from cisplatin (DDP) without inhibiting tumor response in a variety of murine animal models. We conducted a phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of DDTC in combination with DDP to establish the types and severity of toxic effects and to determine whether protection of normal tissues and tumors occurs. Twenty-two courses of DDP plus DDTC were given to 10 patients. No nephrotoxic effects were seen at DDP doses of 50–120 mg/m2, and three patients had amelioration of nausea and vomiting. Objective antitumor responses were observed. Dose-limiting toxic effects from DDTC occurred at 150 mg/kg; these consisted of numbness in the infusion arm often accompanied by severe diaphoresis, chest discomfort, and agitation during DDTC infusion. These toxic effects resolved spontaneously, however, after termination of the infusion. The preliminary results suggest that plasma levels of DDTC that provide excellent protection hi rodents were exceeded at the doses used in our clinical study without compromising antitumor response. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1988:80:1486–1488]
1366 BENEFICIAL INFLUENCE OF POLYUNSATURATED PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE ENHANCES FUNCTIONAL LIVER CONDITION AND LIVER STRUCTURE IN PATIENTS WITH NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS. RESULTS OF PROLONGED RANDOMIZED BLINDED PROSPECTIVE CLINICAL STUDY
Authors: E. Sas, V. Grinevich, O. Efimov, N. Shcherbina
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
SAT0146 BehÇEt´S Disease Activity: An Important Factor for Immunogenecity of Unadjuvanted Influenza A/H1N1 Vaccine
Authors: L. L. Prado, C. G. S. Saad, J. C. B. Moraes, A. C. M. Ribeiro, N. E. Aikawa, C. A. Silva, C. G. Schainberg, P. D. Sampaio-Barros, A. R. Precioso, M. A. Ishida, E. Bonfa, C. R. Goncalves
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Despite WHO recommendations about the A/California/7/2009/H1N1-like virus vaccination, there are no studies evaluating its possible influence on clinical manifestations in Behçet´s Disease (BD). <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate short-term safety and efficacy of influenza A/California/7/2009/H1N1-like virus single vaccination and the potential deleterious effect of the vaccine in BD patients compared to healthy controls. <h3>Methods</h3> Eighty-five BD patients and 85 gender/age-matched healthy controls were evaluated before and 21-days after vaccination with unadjuvanted influenza A/H1N1-like virus regarding seroprotection/seroconversion, factor increase in geometric mean titre (FI-GMT), C-reactive-protein (CRP) levels and side effects. Brazilian BD Current Activity Form (BR-BDCAF) was used to assess BD activity. <h3>Results</h3> Seroconversion rate was significantly lower in BD patients compared to controls (69 vs. 83%, p=0.04). Similar rates of seroprotection (71 vs. 83%, p=0.06) and FI-GMT (p=0.96) were found. Interestingly, BD patients without seroconversion had significantly higher mean BR-BDCAF scores (6.0 ±4.1 vs. 3.8 ±4.3, p=0.009), with a significantly increased rate of active BD in this group after the vaccination (73 vs. 50%, p=0.003). Disease duration and glucocorticoid, immunosuppressors or TNF-blockers therapies did not affect seroconversion (p&gt;0.05). Regarding side effects, patients had significantly increased rate of mild and transient reactions, such as fever (7 vs. 0%, p=0.02), headache, (27 vs. 12%, p=0.02), arthralgia (24 vs. 0.2%, p&lt;0.001) and myalgia (25 vs. 9%, p=0.004). Moderate and severe side effects were not reported. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This is the first study to indicate appropriate influenza A/H1N1 vaccine safety and efficacy in BD, reinforcing its recommendation. Disease activity impaired humoral response to vaccination. Further studies are necessary to determine if a second dose would increase seroconversion rates in these patients. <h3>References</h3> Fiore AE, Uyeki TM, Broder K, Finelli L, Euler GL, Singleton JA, Iskander JK, Wortley PM, Shay DK, Bresee JS, Cox NJ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevention and control of influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Serum <scp>IL</scp>‐5 and <scp>IL</scp>‐13 consistently serve as the best predictors for the blood eosinophilia phenotype in adult asthmatics
Authors: I. Agache, D. S. Strasser, A. Klenk, C. Agache, H. Farine, C. Ciobanu, P. M. A. Groenen, C. A. Akdis
Journal: Allergy (2016)

Molecular biomarkers that identify the phenotype of blood eosinophilia were evaluated in adult asthmatics, and their relationship with clinically significant asthma outcomes was assessed. Patients were clustered based on their molecular fingerprint.At inclusion, 64 patients were evaluated for phenotypic traits, sputum and blood eosinophilia, exhaled NO, serum cytokines and chemokines, total serum IgE, lung function (LF), and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). Within-patient changes were evaluated in 44 patients 6 weeks later.Lung function, asthma control, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were identified as the most important distinguisher and blood eosinophilia as second most important identifier in principal component analysis. A robust relationship was observed between blood eosinophilia and IL-5, IL-13, and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), which stayed consistent after 6 weeks. Serum IL-5 and IL-13 were the two best, followed by EDN as separators of high vs low blood eosinophilia. Periostin did not identify blood or sputum eosinophilia, even after stratification for total IgE, and did not correlate with IL-5, IL-13, eotaxin, or EDN. IL-5 and IL-13 showed strong correlations with AHR and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 with asthma severity and fast LF decline. The presence of high or low expression of MCP-1, eotaxin, and IL-8 identified two separate blood eosinophilia patient clusters linked to asthma severity.Serum IL-5 and IL-13 are reliable biomarkers for the blood eosinophilia asthma phenotype. High or low expression of MCP-1, eotaxin, and IL-8 discriminates between eosinophilic asthma severity clusters.
Breast-Cancer Prognosis and Ovarian Cortical Stromal Hyperplasia
Authors: Richard G. McManus, Sheldon C. Sommers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE relation between hyperplasia of the stroma of the ovarian cortex and cancer in the human female was first indicated by Smith1 in his review of endometrial cancer. Subsequently, Woll and his co-workers2 reported its occurrence in the ovaries of 84 per cent of 331 patients with endometrial cancer. Sommers and Teloh3 showed an association in cases of carcinoma of the human female breast. At autopsy they found cortical stromal hyperplasia in the ovaries of 83 of 100 women with cancer of the breast, as opposed to an incidence of 37.5 per cent in a control group.In cases of . . .
Overview of the Final Panel Session
Authors: F. H. Sobels
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

To encourage research in the field of environmental mutagenesis and to discuss speciElc regional problems, various conferences have recently been organized. The first one was held in Costa Rica in 1988, and its follow-up was held in Caxambu, Brazil, in May 1991. The Southeast Asian workshop was held in 1989 in Thailand, and a meeting was held in Guadalajara, Mexico, in 1989. It was, in fact, in Guadalajara and at the preceding meeting on genetic biomonitoring in Galveston, Texas, that the first plans for the Cairo meeting were conceived. The following papers represent the collective wisdom of the participants at the flnal panel session of the Cairo meeting. After stating the needs for coordination of scientiElC activities, emphasis is given to prioritizing hazards. Valuable recommendations are listed under Chemical Prioritizing and Human Surveillance Studies. I would, however, like to emphasize the relevance of genetic biomonitoring studies. They provide us with the Elrst indication of mutagenic effectiveness of a particular exposure in human somatic cells. What should be done next touches on issues such as ethical needs of follow-up studies. If we would follow-up cancer incidence or other diseases in individuals with chromosome aberrations, cytogenetic biomonitoring studies may gain in predictive value. The large collaborative Nordic study that keeps track of health and chromosome records of the responding individuals may serve as an example in this respect.
Abstract 5322: CD44+ prostate cancer cells are regulated by microRNA-708: A novel role of microRNA with potential prognostic and diagnostic significance in prostate cancer .
Authors: Sharanjot Saini, Sumit Arora, Shahana Majid, Varahram Shahryari, Soichiro Yamamura, Inik Chang, Takeshi Chiyomaru, Shinichiro Fukuhara, Guoren Deng, Yuichiro Tanaka, Rajvir Dahiya
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract A challenging aspect of prostate cancer (PCa) is the high rates of recurrence associated with the disease. About 40% of men with localized prostate cancer suffer from relapse after initial therapy. In these cases, androgen ablation therapy is used to reduce tumor burden/circulating PSA to low or undetectable limits. However, most patients suffer from disease recurrence, as monitored by rising PSA and tumor progression to hormone refractory/castration resistant prostate cancer that is essentially untreatable. Tumor recurrence has been attributed to the existence of tumor-initiating cells (TIC) within the bulk of the tumor; CD44 is an important marker for these cells. In this study, we demonstrate that miR-708 is a key negative regulator of CD44+ subpopulation of PCa cells. miR-708 was underexpressed in CD44+ cells from PCa xenografts. Reconstitution of miR-708 in PCa cell lines or CD44+ PCa cells led to decreased tumorigenicity in vitro. Intratumoral delivery of synthetic miR-708 oligonucleotides triggered regression of established tumors in a murine xenograft model of human prostate cancer. Conversely, miR-708 silencing in a purified CD44- population of PCa cells promoted tumor growth. Functional studies validated CD44 to be a direct target of miR-708. Also, we identified Androgen Receptor (AR) and the serine/threonine kinase AKT2, a member of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway as functional targets of miR-708. Clinically, low miR-708 expression was associated significantly with poor survival outcome, tumor progression and recurrence in prostate cancer patients. In view of these results we propose that reduced miR-708 expression leads to prostate cancer initiation, progression and development by regulating expression of CD44, AR, AKT2, which in turn regulate proliferative, invasive and migratory abilities of prostate cancer cells. Therefore, miR-708 may represent a novel therapeutic target for prostate cancer. Citation Format: Sharanjot Saini, Sumit Arora, Shahana Majid, Varahram Shahryari, Soichiro Yamamura, Inik Chang, Takeshi Chiyomaru, Shinichiro Fukuhara, Guoren Deng, Yuichiro Tanaka, Rajvir Dahiya. CD44+ prostate cancer cells are regulated by microRNA-708: A novel role of microRNA with potential prognostic and diagnostic significance in prostate cancer . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5322. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5322
Abstract 4320: Agtuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, blocks AGR2 function through conformational epitopes around its catalytic center.
Authors: Dawei Li, Zhenghua Wu, Qi Zhu, Hao Guo, Guangwei Gao, Dhahiri Saidi Mashausi, Hao Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract AGR2 is a member of protein disulfide-isomerase (PDI) family and plays an important role in cancer development including tumorigenesis and metastasis. Unlike the classical PDI protein with a CxxC catalytic center, AGR2 contains a CxxS center that function in Mucin2 formation on the endoplasmic reticulum. However, AGR2 has also been shown to present in blood plasma and is secreted by several cell lines. As a secreted small protein, AGR2 is particularly suitable target for antibody medicine and its functional antibody is under investigation for therapeutic potentials by several major pharmaceutical firms and academic institutions but few showed AGR2 any anti-cancer efficacy. Here we report a humanized monoclonal antibody against AGR2, Agtuzumab, with promising therapeutic potentials. This antibody blocks AGR2 function in cell migration and proliferation assays and reduced tumorigenic and angiogenic potential of xenograft tumors in nude mice. Treatment of AGR2-blocking antibody reduced the expression of VEGF and VEGFR level in xenograft tumor tissues for both human tumor and its mouse stroma cells. Scanning mutagenesis assays revealed discontinuous regions around the CxxS PDI center. on AGR2 protein that are essential for efficient binding of Agtuzumab. Our results for the first time confirmed with a potential therapeutic antibody that AGR2 can be a therapeutic target and its blocking requires the blockage of a conformational epitope. This result also explains why many monoclonal antibodies developed against peptides may not be functional against AGR2 related tumors. Citation Format: Dawei Li, Zhenghua Wu, Qi Zhu, Hao Guo, Guangwei Gao, Dhahiri Saidi Mashausi, Hao Chen. Agtuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, blocks AGR2 function through conformational epitopes around its catalytic center. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4320. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4320
The Sanity Inspectors
Authors: C. Maloney
Journal: BMJ (2012)

In the novel The Sanity Inspectors a provincial psychiatrist learns to draw the fine line between sanity and madness in a large asylum in the 1930s. The book features familiar characters (benevolent teachers, earnest pupils, idealistic clergymen, and so on) to drive a deceptively rigorous discussion of key questions that beset psychiatry to this day. How do we define madness? What are the risks of using social norms as the touchstone for normality? Can we accept a pluralistic reality? And, if so, could society continue to function?

The book tracks two ongoing conversations, one between Dr Robert Vossmenge and his teachers, who view him as too easily …
Abstract B71: A systems biology approach to study Ewing's sarcoma
Authors: Didier Surdez, Gautier Stoll, Franck Tirode, Karine Laud, Andrei Zinovyev, Emmanuel Barillot, Olivier Delattre
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Ewing's sarcoma is the second most frequent pediatric bone tumor. It is characterized in 85% of cases by a chromosomal translocation which leads to the expression of a chimeric transcription factor: EWS-FLI1. This oncogene is transforming in various cell and animal models. Although important EWS-FLI1 transcription targets and altered pathways have been described, a comprehensive understanding of the disease remains to be achieved. For this purpose, a systems biology approach was used. In this project, gene profiling of (1) primary tumors and (2) of EWS-FLI1-inducible cell models were performed. Based on these experimental data and on literature knowledge, we constructed an annotated influence network of EWS-FLI1 effects that was validated using small scale silencing/qPCR experiments and home-made software. In a second step, in order to better understand the global impact of EWS-FLI1 in Ewing sarcoma context, EWS-FLI1 ChIP-seq experiments were performed. These results were combined to the gene expression profile data using rational approaches and/or PCA based analyses. This resulted in a genome wide analysis in which the genes were ranked upon their implication/significance in Ewing sarcoma. In the future, we intend to integrate these results to an extended version of our annotated influence network and confront high-throughput experimental results (siRNA screen) with predictive computational models of this network. This should allow identifying novel crucial genes/pathways in Ewing's sarcoma. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):B71.
Stenosing Tendovaginitis at the Radial Styloid Process (de Quervain's Disease)
Authors: Alexander P. Aitken
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

Stenosing tendovaginitis at the styloid process of the radius is a relatively frequent disease, but despite this fact it is not well known. There have been but few reports of this condition in the literature since it was first described by DeQuervain in 1895, and it is not discussed in the standard textbooks. Although the disease presents a clear-cut clinical picture, which makes the diagnosis easy, it is often unrecognized by the general practitioner or the industrial surgeon.The disease is seen chiefly in women. With the present marked increase in the employment of women in industry it is more . . .