tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P5-07-06: A competing risks analysis of the association between prediagnostic serum glucose and lipids and breast cancer survival
Authors: W Wulaningsih, M Vahdaninia, M Rowley, L Holmberg, H Garmo, H Malmstrom, M Lambe, N Hammar, G Walldius, I Jungner, A Coolen, M Van Hemelrijck
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: Abnormal levels of glucose and lipids may be linked to survival after breast cancer (BC) diagnosis, but their association to other causes of mortality such as cardiovascular (CV) disease may result in a competing risk problem and invalidate conventional analyses. Methods: We assessed serum glucose, triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) measured prospectively three months to three years before diagnosis in 1,798 women with BC in the Swedish Apolipoprotein Mortality Risk Study (AMORIS). In addition to using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, we employed latent class proportional hazards models to capture any heterogeneity of associations between these markers and BC death. The latter method was extended to include the primary outcome (BC death) and competing outcomes (CV death and death from other causes), allowing latent class-specific hazard estimation for cause-specific deaths. Results: No association between prediagnostic glucose, TG or TC with BC death was observed with Cox regression. With latent class proportional hazards model, two latent classes (Class I and II) were identified in the cohort. Class I, comprising the majority (81.5%) of BC patients, had an increased risk of BC death following higher TG levels (HR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.01-3.45 for every log TG increase). Lower overall survival was observed in Class II, but no association for BC death was found. On the other hand, TC positively corresponded to CV death in Class II, and similarly, glucose to death from other causes. Conclusion: Higher TG was associated with an increased risk of BC death in the majority of BC patients. Our study also identified a subgroup of BC patients at higher risk of early death likely driven by other metabolic-related diseases, which adds to our understanding into BC survival in presence of competing outcomes. Citation Format: Wulaningsih W, Vahdaninia M, Rowley M, Holmberg L, Garmo H, Malmstrom H, Lambe M, Hammar N, Walldius G, Jungner I, Coolen A, Van Hemelrijck M. A competing risks analysis of the association between prediagnostic serum glucose and lipids and breast cancer survival. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-07-06.
A MINISTRY OF PUBLIC HEALTH
Authors: F. G. Bushnell
Journal: BMJ (1905)

Portfolio management is confronting climate change more strongly and rapidly than expected. Risks arising from the transition from a brown, carbon-based to a green, low-carbon economy need to be integrated into portfolio and risk management. The authors show how to quantify these carbon risks by using a capital markets–based approach. Their measure of carbon risk, the carbon beta, can serve as an integral part of portfolio management practices in a more comprehensive way than fundamental carbon risk measures. Apart from other studies, the authors demonstrate that both green and brown stocks are risky per se, but there is no adequate remuneration in the financial market. In addition, carbon risk exposure is correlated with exposures to other common risk factors. This requires due diligence when integrating carbon risk in investment practices. By implementing carbon risk screening and best-in-class approaches, the authors find that investors can gain a desired level of carbon risk exposure, but this does not come without well-hidden costs. <b>TOPICS:</b>Portfolio construction, ESG investing, risk management <b>Key Findings</b> ▪ We describe a capital markets–based approach to measuring carbon risk that stems from the transition from a carbon-based to a low-carbon economy. ▪ Investors can integrate carbon risk into their portfolios using carbon beta but must be aware of the associated portfolio return, risk, and factor exposures. ▪ Different portfolio strategies can achieve a desired level of carbon risk exposure. However, the risk is not remunerated proportionally in the financial market.
PWE-003 Polyethylene glycol provides better bowel preparation than sodium picosulfate despite poorer patient tolerability
Authors: J De Siqueira, R Slater, J Garner
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Bowel preparation for colonoscopy should be effective at bowel cleansing, have a low side-effect profile, be palatable and cost effective. Whilst a number of clinical trials and meta-analyses have attempted to identify which bowel preparation best meets these requirements, their results are contradictory. Although sodium picosulfate was used for most routine bowel preparation in our trust, we had noticed anecdotally that polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions led to better preparation. We therefore aimed to conduct a service improvement project to better evaluate this finding. <h3>Method</h3> We compared two PEG solutions (4 litre and 2 litre + ascorbic acid) and sodium picosulfate in relation to the above mentioned criteria. Bowel preparation quality was judged by blinded endoscopists using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS), patients’ views regarding taste and tolerability of preparations were assessed by Visual Analogue Scales and side effects were recorded using a structured questionnaire. Cost was assessed by prices in the British National Formulary. <h3>Results</h3> 169 non-randomised patients were included in our evaluation. 4 litre and 2 litre PEG preparations yielded significantly better BBPS scores than sodium picosulphate of the right colon (2.44 and 2.35 vs 2.04 (<i>p &lt; 0.05)) </i>and bowel overall (BBPS 7.52 and 7.54 vs 6.53 (<i>p &lt; 0</i>.05)). There was no significant difference in the reported palatability of the preparations though both 4 litre and 2 litre PEG were considered less tolerable to consume (p &lt; 0.05). Reported side effects such as abdominal cramps, anal irritation and bloating, were more common with PEG based preparations. Although there was a trend favouring the side effect profile of sodium picosulfate, statistical significance was only demonstrated when comparing picosulfate with 2 litre PEG solution. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Despite poor patient tolerance and higher price, polyethylene glycol solutions provide superior bowel cleansing to sodium picosulphate. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Juluri <i>et al</i>. Meta-analysis: randomized controlled trials of 4-L polyethylene glycol and sodium phosphate solution as bowel preparation for colonosocopy. AP&amp;T. 2010;32:171 Belsey <i>et al</i>. Systematic review: oral bowel preparation for colonoscopy. <i>AP&amp;T</i>. 2007;25:373 Joint Formulary Committee. <i>British National Formulary</i>(66 Ed). London: BMJ Group and Pharmaceutical Press, 2014
Abnormal Neck Veins
Authors: Jae Yoon Park, Mackram F. Eleid, Hector I. Michelena
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2016)

A woman in her 50s was admitted after several months of progressive dyspnea on exertion and severe lower extremity edema.She had undergone aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis, 2-vessel coronary artery bypass, and permanent pacemaker placement 1 year before presentation.She had a history of mantle chest radiotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma at age 17 years, which was curative.After successful intravenous diuresis, neck examination at approximately 60°(Figure 1A and Video) revealed a regular carotid pulsation and discernible internal jugular venous pulse.After examination of the neck at rest, the patient took a small breath and held it for a few seconds.Hemodynamic data at left and right heart catheterization are shown in Figure 1B.Video at jamacardiology.comWHAT IS YOUR DIAGNOSIS? A. Tamponade B. Myocardial restriction C. Right ventricular failure D.
On the Mechanism of Cancer Induction by Ultraviolet Radiation. IV. The Size of the Replicated Unit&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Blum, Harold F.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1959)

Journal Article On the Mechanism of Cancer Induction by Ultraviolet Radiation. IV. The Size of the Replicated Unit Get access Harold F. Blum Harold F. Blum National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Maryland, and Department of Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 23, Issue 3, September 1959, Pages 343–350, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/23.3.343 Published: 01 September 1959 Article history Received: 23 December 1958 Published: 01 September 1959
Patient care worsens as NHS deficits persist
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Patient care in England in hospitals and in the community has worsened in the past year, most finance leaders say. The latest quarterly monitoring report by the King’s Fund said that the findings on quality of care were the most worrying since it began tracking this in 2012.1

Altogether, 65% of trust finance directors and 54% of finance leads at clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) thought that patient care had worsened in their local area in the past year. Of 241 NHS trust finance directors, 87 (35% response rate) responded to regular surveys for the report from 8 April to 3 May 2016, along with 42 of 149 CCG finance leads (22%).

The report underlined the increasing strain on the …
Harnessing the Versatility of Bacterial Collagen to Improve the Chondrogenic Potential of Porous Collagen Scaffolds
Authors: Paresh A. Parmar, Jean‐Philippe St‐Pierre, Lesley W. Chow, Jennifer L. Puetzer, Violet Stoichevska, Yong Y. Peng, Jerome A. Werkmeister, John A. M. Ramshaw, Molly M. Stevens
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Collagen I foams are used in the clinic as scaffolds to promote articular cartilage repair as they provide a bioactive environment for cells with chondrogenic potential. However, collagen I as a base material does not allow for precise control over bioactivity. Alternatively, recombinant bacterial collagens can be used as “blank slate” collagen molecules to offer a versatile platform for incorporation of selected bioactive sequences and fabrication into 3D scaffolds. Here, we show the potential of Streptococcal collagen‐like 2 (Scl2) protein foams modified with peptides designed to specifically and noncovalently bind hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate to improve chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) compared to collagen I foams. Specific compositions of functionalized Scl2 foams lead to improved chondrogenesis compared to both nonfunctionalized Scl2 and collagen I foams, as indicated by gene expression, extracellular matrix accumulation, and compression moduli. hMSCs cultured in functionalized Scl2 foams exhibit decreased collagens I and X gene and protein expression, suggesting an advantage over collagen I foams in promoting a chondrocytic phenotype. These highly modular foams can be further modified to improve specific aspects chondrogenesis. As such, these scaffolds also have the potential to be tailored for other regenerative medicine applications.
Seasonal patterns of bulimia nervosa
Authors: A Blouin, J Blouin, P Aubin, J Carter, C Goldstein, H Boyer, E Perez
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

The aim of this research was to determine whether a seasonal pattern to symptoms of bulimia nervosa could be identified.In study 1, seasonal patterns of binge-purge frequency and mood were compared between 31 patients with bulimia nervosa and 31 age-matched normal comparison subjects, using a modified (to include binge and purge items) version of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire. Study 2 involved a cross-sectional examination of binge and purge frequency and of depressive symptoms in 197 patients with bulimia nervosa assessed at various months of the year over a 4-year period.In both the retrospective and cross-sectional studies, binge behavior was found to be highly associated with photoperiod. According to the modified Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire, purging behavior and mood also varied seasonally among patients with bulimia nervosa. However, purging behavior and severity of depression did not appear to be related to photoperiod in the cross-sectional study. The rate of seasonal affective disorder (syndromal and subsyndromal) defined by the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire was higher among the bulimic group than the comparison subjects, but not as high as has been reported for depression in bulimia nervosa.The results strongly support the interpretation that symptoms of bulimia nervosa primarily associated with food intake patterns are influenced by seasonal variation, and this effect may be mediated by light availability.
Clinical profiles of Hare Krishna devotees
Authors: M W Ross
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

The author tested the entire population (N = 42) of the Hare Krishna Temple in Melbourne on the MMPI, the General Health Questionnaire, and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire psychometric indices and then randomly selected 6 subjects to take the Present State Examination. All scores and findings were within the normal range, although members showed a slight decline in mental health (as measured on the MMPI) after 1 1/2 years in the movement and a slight increase in mental health after 3 years in the movement. These findings do not support the popular view that many members of the Hare Krishna movement are mentally disordered.
Broadening the “Infrastructure Effect”: Lessons from the Early Development of Research Ethics in Eastern Europe
Authors: Vilius Dranseika, Eugenijus Gefenas, Marcin Waligora
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2016)

In their target article, Avram Denburg and colleagues (2016) suggest that conducting clinical research in low- and middle-income countries can have an “infrastructure effect,” which can eventually ...
Abstract A40: CD74: a potential mediator of resistance in the treatment of Glioblastoma
Authors: Sinead Magorrian, Jonathan Coulter, Tom Flannery, Christopher Scott, Roberta Burden
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract CD74 is a rapidly internalised transmembrane protein, highly expressed in a number of cancers and is associated with increased proliferation and invasion of tumourigenic cells. CD74 is an attractive biomarker to monitor tumour progression and predict overall survival as expression levels have shown to be increased on the cell surface. Recent studies have suggested CD74 plays a potential role in tumour cell response to treatment, showing direct correlation between expression and response. The overall survival of patients with glioblastoma is poor, as treatment options are limited and not well defined. The standard options for the majority of patients is a combination of surgical resection, radiation and chemotherapy. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between CD74 expression and response to radiation and chemotherapy. A panel of glioblastoma cells lines were analysed by RT-PCR and western blotting to examine CD74 expression. Results indicated LN229 and U87MG cells expressed CD74 and using two independent shRNA constructs, CD74 expression was successfully knocked-down in both these lines to enable further study. Interrogation of these CD74-depleted lines indicated a significant reduction in proliferation and migration compared to a non-targeting control. When exposed to increasing doses of radiation the survival fraction of CD74 deficient cells was greater than that of the non-targeting control, suggesting an association between CD74 expression and sensitivity to radiation therapy in glioblastoma cell lines. However, when cells were exposed to increasing doses of Temozolomide there was a decrease in survival fraction of CD74-depleted cells compared to non-targeting controls, which showed no response to treatment. This study aims to further investigate the mechanism by which these change in sensitivity to treatment are mediated and determine if CD74 could not only be used as a marker for tumour progression, but to determine the most appropriate treatment option for patients. Citation Format: Sinead Magorrian, Jonathan Coulter, Tom Flannery, Christopher Scott, Roberta Burden. CD74: a potential mediator of resistance in the treatment of Glioblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Brain Cancer Research; May 27-30, 2015; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(23 Suppl):Abstract nr A40.
Psychiatric disorders in African American nursing home residents
Authors: C A Class, F W Unverzagt, S Gao, K S Hall, O Baiyewa, H C Hendrie
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

High prevalence rates of psychiatric illness and high levels of behavioral disturbance have been reported in studies of nursing home residents; however, the populations evaluated have been predominantly Caucasian. The aims of the present study were to identify prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders and behavioral disturbances in a sample of African American nursing home residents.The authors evaluated 106 African American nursing home residents, aged 65 and over, from a representative sample of nursing homes. The evaluation included informant interview with nursing home staff, cognitive assessment, and a psychiatric interview that included a physical and neurological examination. Consensus diagnoses were reached by using DSM-III-R criteria.Of the 106 subjects, 90% received at least one primary psychiatric diagnosis, and 71% had at least one behavioral problem; dementia was the most common psychiatric diagnosis (68%). Thirty -one percent of the patients were treated with neuroleptic medication; most of these patients received diagnoses of dementia or schizophrenia. Fifteen percent of the patients had been in physical restraints, which correlated with physical disability.The prevalence of psychiatric illness in this sample of African American nursing home residents is similar to that reported in previous studies with predominantly Caucasian populations. Behavioral disturbances, while commonly reported, were somewhat less frequent than reported in previous studies.
Abstract P4-14-16: T-cell clonality increases after neoadjuvant treatment with trastuzumab and pertuzumab
Authors: LJ Howie, PK Marcom, DL Topping, J Force, R Emerson, NA Bhavsar, SE Abbott, M Parks, HS Robins, KL Blackwell
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: Baseline TIL density and T-cell clonality predict pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant (NA) trastuzumab (TRAS). Preclinical data suggests that a major mechanism of TRAS is enhancement of antibody-dependent cytoxicity (ADCC) and T-cell mediated tumor kill and that the combination of TRAS with pertuzumab (PERT) may enhance ADCC. This study quantifies both TIL density and T-cell clonality in both pre and post-NA samples from patients receiving NA TRAS +/- PERT. Methods: Sequential subjects treated with NA docetaxel, carboplatin and TRAS +/- PERT were identified and pre-treatment (n=39) and post-treatment specimens (n=44, 36 pairs of pre and post-treatment; 19 with pCR) were sequenced using the ImmunoSEQ platform (Adaptive Bioscience, Seattle, WA). T-cell density and dominant T-cell clonality were measured by TCR sequencing and then associated with pCR using a two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test comparing patients with pCR versus those without. Paired values were compared using the sign test to evaluate change in pre and post-treatment T-cell density and clonality. TIL density was performed using standard IHC methodology. Results: There was a trend towards increased T-cell clonality after treatment (p=0.08). T-cell clonality post-treatment was significantly increased compared to pre-treatment in those samples where post-treatment tumor was available (p=0.01). There was no difference in T-cell clonality between pre- and post-treatment in normal tissue from pts achieving a pCR (p=1.00). There was no difference in post-treatment T cell clonality when treated with TRAS vs. TRAS + PERT (p=0.19). No differences in the % of pretreatment TILs or T-cell clonality were seen in those who obtained a pCR vs. those who did not (p=0.39 and p=0.85). In addition, no differences in T-cell clonality were seen based on ER status in either pre-treatment or post-treatment samples (p=0.40/0.48) Conclusions: After treatment with TRAS +/- PERT, there was an increase in T-cell clonality suggesting an enhanced immune response as a mechanism of action for HER2 targeting antibodies. This analysis is currently limited by a small sample size and high rate of pCR. We plan to include additional paired samples which may help to better demonstrate the increased immune response that occurs with HER-2 targeting antibodies. Citation Format: Howie LJ, Marcom PK, Topping DL, Force J, Emerson R, Bhavsar NA, Abbott SE, Parks M, Robins HS, Blackwell KL. T-cell clonality increases after neoadjuvant treatment with trastuzumab and pertuzumab. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-14-16.
Psychological response of patients receiving two drug regimens for lung carcinoma
Authors: P M Silberfarb, J C Holland, D Anbar, G Bahna, L H Maurer, A P Chahinian, R Comis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

Seventy-seven patients with small cell lung carcinoma were assigned randomly to two chemotherapy regimens to assess their psychological response to each regimen. One produced less depression and fatigue than the other, despite the absence of differences in tumor response.
Reply
Authors: Ling Li, Florin M. Selaru
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. To the Editor: We would like to thank Dr. Fujita for the positive comments. We agree that a sensitivity of 67% and specificity of 96% would be useful as a test used in the clinic.1 In regard to cost, we also agree that this is a very important consideration, along with complexity of the test and feasibility for a clinical laboratory to perform the test. These were considerations that we contemplated throughout the development of the project. For example, at an earlier stage of the project, we experimented with a quicker, but more expensive, method to extract extracellular vesicles. We decided to utilize, thoroughly test, and eventually implement ultracentrifugation for simplicity and cost reasons. Early diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma, as accurately pointed out by Dr. Fujita, is the cornerstone of survival. Though the sensitivity of the microRNA (miR) panel for all comers is not dramatically different than the sensitivity of cancer antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9), we noted that the panel is more sensitive than CA19‐9 for early cancers. There is hope that further testing of the panel in larger cohorts will validate this finding and that the panel will prove its utility in detecting early cancers. Some of the miR species on the panel (in particular, miR‐191 and −486‐3p) have been associated with cancer in the past.2 However, our findings are limited to the presence of these miR species in extracellular vesicles in bile. It would be of interest to further the study of these miR species to unravel their mechanistic involvement in cancers of the liver. In addition, as Dr. Fujita indicated, a study to look at these miR species in bile from patients with other small lesions (such as small hepatocellular carcinomas) would further shed light into the utility of the reported panel in differentiating the etiology of small liver masses found at imaging.
315O_PR Antitumor activity and safety of pembrolizumab in patients with PD-L1-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Interim results from a phase 1b study
Authors: C. Hsu, S.-H. Lee, S. Ejadi, C. Even, R. Cohen, C. Le Tourneau, J. Mehnert, A. Algazi, E. van Brummelen, S. Saraf, P. Thanigaimani, J. Cheng, A. Hansen
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)