tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4963: <i>ERG</i> expression levels reflect functional status of androgen receptor in prostate cancer
Authors: Albert Dobi, Timothy Nydam, Bungo Furusato, Yongmei Chen, Isabell Sesterhenn, David G. McLeod, Gyorgy Petrovics, Shiv Srivastava
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Expression of the ERG proto-oncogene, is activated in 50-70% of prostate tumors by androgen receptor (AR) mediated signals due to the fusion of AR regulated promoters (primarily TMPRSS2 and to a lesser extent SLC45A3 and NDRG1) to the ERG protein coding sequence. Our previous studies of quantitative expression levels of ERG or TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcripts have noted that relatively low or no ERG expression in prostate tumors significantly associated with progressive disease. Here, we have tested the hypothesis that ERG expression levels in prostate tumor cells reflect AR transcriptional regulatory function in a given biological context of the tumor progression. Therefore, tumors with lower ERG may represent a subset with attenuated AR signaling. Experimental procedures: Expression of ERG and other AR regulated genes were evaluated in a GeneChip dataset obtained from a panel of laser capture micro-dissected well/moderately differentiated (WD) or poorly differentiated (PD) tumor cells derived from primary tumors of patients, who had no prior androgen ablation treatment. Results: ERG expression pattern was similar to that of other AR regulated genes. Low frequency of ERG expression was noted in PD tumor cells (30%) in comparison to WD tumor cells (80%), suggesting for subdued AR function in a significant fraction of tumors with genomic alterations of ERG. Conclusions: We developed a cumulative AR Function Index (ARFI) by integrating ERG into a panel of defined AR target genes, may have future potential in stratifying patients for targeted therapy on the basis of overall AR functional status in primary tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4963.
Responses to Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Hypercortisolism of Depression and Cushing's Disease
Authors: Philip W. Gold, D. Lynn Loriaux, Alec Roy, Mitchel A. Kling, Joseph R. Calabrese, Charles H. Kellner, Lynnette K. Nieman, Robert M. Post, David Pickar, William Gallucci, Peter Avgerinos, Steven Paul, Edward H. Oldfield, Gordon B. Cutler, George P. Chrousos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Primary depression can be associated with substantial hypercortisolism, thus prompting some researchers to suggest that depression shares pathophysiologic features with Cushing's disease. Clinically, depression can be difficult or impossible to distinguish from mild or early Cushing's disease that is associated with depressive features. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the pituitary-adrenal responses to ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone could help to clarify the mechanism of hypercortisolism in depression and in Cushing's disease and to assist in the differential diagnosis of these disorders. As compared with controls (n = 34), depressed patients (n = 30) had basal hypercortisolism (P<0.001) that was associated with attenuated plasma ACTH responses to ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (P<0.001). This indicates that in patients with depression, the corticotroph cell in the pituitary responds appropriately to the negative feedback of high cortisol levels. In contrast, patients with Cushing's disease (n = 29) had plasma ACTH hyperresponsiveness to ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (P<0.001), despite basal hypercortisolism (P<0.001), which indicates a gross impairment of the mechanism by which cortisol exerts negative feedback on the pituitary. Less than 25 percent of the patients with depression or Cushing's disease had peak ACTH responses that overlapped. We conclude that the pathophysiologic features of hypercortisolism in depression and Cushing's disease are distinct in each of the disorders and that the ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test can be helpful in their differential diagnosis. (N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 1329–35.)
Abstract 35: Breast cancer cell interactions
Authors: Nefeli E. Georgoulia, Timothy J. Mitchison
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract In this study, a cell culture approach is employed to identify patterns of pair-wise interaction between cancer cells over a panel of 20 established epithelial breast cancer cell lines. It is our hypothesis that different clones within a tumor, as well as different cell lines in cultured conditions, interact in one of two ways: a) by competitive growth or, b) by synergistic growth. We investigate this by culturing cell lines in serum-free conditioned medium (CM), i.e. medium which has already been used on other cell lines. Cell population growth is monitored by incubating cultures with 5-Ethyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU). Cell apoptosis is obtained by labeling fixed cultures with a cleaved Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase (c-PARP) monoclonal antibody. Results yield two 20x20 matrices of cell to CM interaction, and confirm that cancer cells interact through secreted substances in the medium. In an effort to trace these phenomenological interactions back to specific biochemical pathways, the interaction matrices are correlated to gene expression data available for these cell lines. Furthermore, the experiment reveals two cell lines, HCC38 and BT20, whose media produce a strong apoptotic and strong anti-proliferative effect respectively. By employing molecular weight fractionation, we attempt to isolate specific components from the media retaining the strong interaction activity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 35. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-35
Managed Care Forces Cancer Centers to Retrench
Authors: H. Mclntosh
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Managed Care Forces Cancer Centers to Retrench Get access Hugh Mclntosh Hugh Mclntosh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 16, 16 August 1995, Pages 1204–1206, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.16.1204 Published: 16 August 1995
AB0936 The effect of the severity of psoriasis on screening for latent tuberculosis: A comparison study between psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: J. Wollman, N. Madar-Balakinski, U. Arad, T. Reitblat, T. Goldsmith, H. Matz, I. Wigler, D. Levartovsky, D. Paran, D. Caspi, O. Elkayam
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Screening for latent tuberculosis (TB) is mandatory before treatment with TNFα blockers. It has been suggested that latent TB based on tuberculin skin test (TST) may be over diagnosed due to Koebner phenomenon in patients with psoriasis. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the effect of the extent of skin and joint involvement on the diagnosis of latent TB and to compare the TST and QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QTF-G) in patients with psoriasis (PSO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Forty-one PSO patients (35 with PsA) and 35 RA patients candidates to receive TNF α were prospectively evaluated for TST, QTF-G, risk factors for latent TB as well as for the severity of the underlying diseases using psoriasis activity severity index (PASI) and the number of painful and swollen joints. <h3>Results</h3> 41 PSO patients (mean age 49.7, 48% women, 36% treated with MTX) were compared to 35 RA patients (mean age 60 (p=0.006), 70% women, 70% treated with MTX (p=0.02)). No differences were observed in the mean TST (5±6.7 for PSO, 5.8±6.3 for RA), the proportion of positive TST based on 5mm as well as 10 mm, the proportion of QTF-G positive patients (7.2% in PSO vs 12% in RA). The level of agreement between TST and QTF-G was similar between the 2 groups (using TST 5 and TST 10, 74% and 81% for PSO vs 60% and 76% for RA, respectively). Furthermore, no correlation was found between the extent of psoriasis involvement evaluated by PASI and the TST, QTF-G, and the level of agreement between them. The number of tender and swollen joints, the use of MTX or corticosteroids did not affect the diagnosis of screening TB <h3>Conclusions</h3> The extent of severity of psoriasis does not affect the results of TST and QTF-G in patients with psoriasis. The level of agreement between TST and QTF-G was similar in RA and PSO. Although it remains to be determined with test is preferable in the diagnosis of latent TB, whether the patient suffers from PSO/PsA or RA does not seem to play an important role in this choice. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
SAT0057 Cost Savings through Decreasing the Number of Eligible Patients for Biological Therapy Using A Treat to Target Strategy
Authors: P. Santos-Moreno, G. Saavedra-Martinez, L. Villarreal, A. Palomino, V. Giraldo, D. Gomez, J. Bello-Gualtero, L. Tamer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> The importance of early effective therapy, implications of disease activity in progression and use of composite disease activity measures in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), led to developing of defined therapeutic targets and tools to achieve them resulting in the Treat to Target (T2T) initiative. This strategy is being used last 2 years in Colombia in a specialized in RA center. On the other hand costs of treating disease are increasing because introduction of biologic therapies. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to describe the reduction in Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) in patients with moderate-severe disease activity (MDA/SDA) using a T2T strategy for 24 months in a Colombian specialized center in RA and cost savings for health care system associated with such reduction in disease activity levels. <h3>Methods</h3> A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Records of patients from specialized in RA center were reviewed; those patients were followed-up under T2T standards. Clinical follow-up was designed by the authors according to DAS28 as follows: every 3-5 weeks (DAS28 &gt;5.1), every 7-9 weeks (DAS28 ≥3.1 and ≤5.1), and every 11-13 weeks (DAS28 &lt;3.1). In case of DAS28 &gt;3.2 it was mandatory to introduce adjustments in treatment based on a predetermined clinical guideline. We divided patients in two groups: remission-low disease activity (Rem/LDA) patients and moderate-severe disease activity (MDA/SDA) patients. The median was analyzed using t-Student assuming normality for DAS28 distribution. <h3>Results</h3> 310 patients were included in this study, 256 (82.5%) women and 54 (17.4%) men. Mean age 61 years. These patients were in moderate-severe disease activity (MDA/SDA); mean DAS28 was 4.3 at the beginning, and after 24 months using T2T strategy and treating patients only with conventional DMARS we found that 252 patients (81.2%) got in remission-low disease activity (Rem/LDA) with a mean DAS28 of 2.6. On average, costs of biological therapy at this time was 16,595 USD/year for individual patient, and so for 252 patients costs savings were about 4.181.940 USD for a year, ranging between 2.975.228 USD (in case of most cheaper biological) and 5.824.849 USD (in case of using most expensive biological). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study showed that it is possible to decrease disease activity and therefore a significant reduction in costs, of moderate-severe disease activity (MDA/SDA) patients, by using a model with therapeutic goals and not only pharmacological. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4832
AB0333 The performance of new and old classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis in a turkish cohort with early-undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis
Authors: S. Yilmaz, M. Cinar, O. Karadag, I. Simsek, H. Erdem, S. Pay, A. Dinc
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Recent progress in its treatment has given remarkable benefits to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Given the fact that early initiation of therapy can ameliorate the disease course, it is important to diagnose RA patients as early as possible. In parallel with this purpose, new classification criteria were published in August 2010. Although the diagnostic performance of these new criteria compared with the ACR 1987 criteria were investigated in several cohorts from different populations, no such study was performed among patients from Turkey. Indeed, some forms of arthritis like familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and Behçet’s disease (BD), are almost unique to our geographical region and these diseases were not represented in cohorts established in other countries. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the sensitivity of ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria and ACR 1987 revised criteria in an early arthritis cohort from Turkey. <h3>Methods</h3> From May 2009 to April 2010, patients who first visited university hospital outpatient clinic with arthritis and who does not fulfill the classification criteria of a specific diagnosis (n=90) were included to the study (the cohort was initiated before the announcement of ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria). Demographic, clinical and laboratory features of all enrolled patients were recorded. Attending physicians were asked to classify patients either as RA or undifferentiated arthritis. All patients were reassessed at 12th month and were re-classified. Proportions of patients fulfilling the aforementioned criteria were determined and compared with clinicians’ diagnoses. <h3>Results</h3> At the beginning of the cohort, none of the patients were fulfilling the ACR-1987 revised criteria, while 16 (17.8%) of them were fulfilling the 2010 classification criteria for RA. On the other hand, 43 patients were diagnosed as RA by their attending physicians, which make the sensitivity of the new criteria as 37% at the beginning of the cohort. At the end of the 12-month follow-up period, rates of fulfilling old and new criteria were 31%, and 50%, respectively. The sensitivities of the old and new criteria were 58% and 94%, respectively. At the end of the follow-up, number of patients diagnosed as spondylarthritis, Behcet’s disease and Familial Mediterranean fever were 2, 2 and 3, respectively. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results have confirmed the high sensitivity of new RA classification criteria for patients with early arthritis in a country where the diseases such as FMF and BD are prevalent. It is also of interest to note that, in patients diagnosed as RA by attending physicians at the time of enrollment, 39 out of 43 of them were re-classified as RA and all were fulfilling the 2010 classification criteria at the end of 12-month follow-up period. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Innovation and NOTES
Authors: Marc Barthet, Geoffroy Vanbiervliet, Jean-Michel Gonzalez
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Endoscopy Essentials Reviews in the Endoscopy Essentials series cite publications from the past year which, in the authors’ opinion, reflect the state-of-the-art in endoscopy. Alongside a short summary of each paper, authors explain why they consider their selected articles to be of importance.
Abstract C4: Sp2: A regulator of stem cell differentiation and tumorigenesis
Authors: Tae-Hyung Kim, Jonathan M. Horowitz
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Transcription factors regulate gene expression and de-regulation of their activities can transform normal cells into tumor cells. The Sp-family of transcription factors consists of nine distinct proteins (Sp1-9) that are evolutionarily-conserved and share a common DNA-binding domain. Sp2 is one of several poorly-characterized members of this transcription factor family. Previous data from our lab and others has indicated that Sp2 is over-expressed in human prostate cancer and in murine skin squamous cell carcinoma. To determine if the de-regulated expression of Sp2 is oncogenic, transgenic mice over-expressing mouse Sp2 via the keratin 5 (K5) promoter were generated. This promoter drives expression of linked genes in basal cells of stratified epithelia, such as skin. Two different transgenic lines (Family A and C) were derived and characterized. The transgenes carried by Family A and C mice were localized to chromosomes 6 and 5, respectively. Endogenous genes were not disrupted by transgene integration in Family A, whereas transgene integration in Family C mice occurred within the latrophilin 3 (Lphn3/CIRL3) locus. Homozygous Family A and C animals develop normally and are indistinguishable from wild-type and hemizygous littermates until post-natal day 2. Family C animals invariably perish at this time due to skin deterioration whereas homozygous Family A animals develop skin lesions on post-natal day 4, are runted and developmentally retarded and perish prior to post-natal day 13. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that that an expanded population of K5-negative, K14-positive progenitor cells inundates all epidermal cell layers of homozygous Family A animals. Expression of markers of differentiated basal keratinocytes (e.g., keratin 10, loricrin) is decreased in homozygous Family A animals. The expression level of keratin 6, a marker of epidermal wounding, inflammation, and/or tumorigenesis is increased in Family A animals beginning at post-natal day 4 as is the expression and distribution of CD34, a hair follicle stem cell marker. Hemizygous Family A animals progress to adulthood unremarkably, however 70% exhibit varying degrees of alopecia (hair loss) beginning at 1 month of age. Family C hemizygotes do not develop alopecia, however an expanded pool of progenitor cells renders these animals susceptible to wound-induced neoplasia, and the incidence of papilloma formation rises with an age-dependent increase in Sp2 levels. Sp2 expression in Family A hemizygotes is insufficient to promote wound-induced neoplastic growth, but epidermal differentiation is slowed sufficiently to retard rates of wound healing. These and other results have led us to speculate that Sp2 functions to limit stem cell differentiation and thus its over-expression contributes to the outgrowth of poorly-differentiated, tumorigenic cells. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):C4.
Efficacy of a Guideline-Recommended Risk-Reduction Program to Improve Cardiovascular and Limb Outcomes in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Mohamad A. Hussain, Mohammed Al-Omran, Muhammad Mamdani, Naomi Eisenberg, Azra Premji, Lisa Saldanha, Xuesong Wang, Subodh Verma, Thomas F. Lindsay
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

Patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are at a high risk for cardiovascular events, yet, to our knowledge, no studies have examined the effect of a comprehensive risk-reduction program on long-term outcomes for patients with PAD.To investigative whether a program that focuses on 8 major guideline-recommended risk-management therapies reduces cardiovascular and limb events in patients with PAD.An observational cohort study with up to 7 years of follow-up was conducted using data from administrative databases from Ontario, Canada, between July 1, 2004, and March 31, 2013. Patients with symptomatic PAD who were enrolled in the Systematic Assessment of Vascular Risk (SAVR) program at a single tertiary vascular center in Ontario between July 2004 and April 2007 were matched with up to 2 (control) patients with PAD from other Ontario tertiary vascular centers not enrolled in the program using propensity score methods. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to compare outcomes.Program that promoted antiplatelet agents, statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, blood pressure control, lipid control, diabetic glycemic control, smoking cessation, and target body mass index by engaging vascular surgeons, family physicians, and patients with PAD.The primary outcome was a composite risk ratio of death, acute myocardial infarction, or ischemic stroke. Secondary outcomes included rates of lower limb amputations, bypass surgical procedures, and peripheral angioplasties with and without a stent.A total of 791 patients were studied after propensity score matching; the mean (SD) age of patients in the SAVR group (n = 290) was 67.9 (10.4) years and 68.2 (11.2) years in the control group (n = 501). During follow-up, the SAVR group experienced the primary outcome at a significantly lower rate than the control group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; 95% CI, 0.52-0.77). Patients in the SAVR group were also less likely to have major amputation (adjusted HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29-0.77), minor amputation (adjusted HR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.13-0.54), bypass surgery (adjusted HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.30-0.73), or hospitalization due to heart failure (adjusted HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.53-1.00). The rate of peripheral angioplasty with or without a stent was higher among the SAVR group (adjusted HR, 2.97; 95% CI, 2.15-4.10).A guideline-recommended risk-reduction program targeted at patients with PAD was associated with fewer cardiovascular and limb events over the long-term. This finding emphasizes the need for well-designed prospective studies to develop and examine the effect of such programs on reducing PAD-related morbidity, mortality, and health care costs.
Case 52-1993
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Barry L. Fanburg, John L. Niles, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Presentation of CaseA 17-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of massive hemoptysis and renal failure.The patient had been well until about three days earlier, when she began to have symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection, with headache and anorexia. Thirty-six hours before entry she became nauseated and vomited. On the evening before admission chest pain developed, and she began to cough up blood-tinged sputum; dyspnea occurred, with intermittent nausea and vomiting. During the night dyspnea persisted, and the next morning she began to cough up large quantities of blood and experienced diffuse weakness.The patient . . .
Diagnostic cholangioscopy with SpyGlass probe through an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography cannula
Authors: N. Nguyen, J. Shah, K. Binmoeller
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

We report on a technique for performing cholangioscopy using the reusable 0.77-mm SpyGlass fiberoptic probe (Boston Scientific, Massachusetts, USA) with two double-lumen endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) cannulae. The Tandem XL cannula (Boston Scientific) is a 7-Fr double-lumen catheter with a 5.5-Fr tip ([Fig. 1 a]), and the Swing-tip cannula (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) is a 9-Fr single-lumen catheter with a 4.5-Fr tip with bi-directional swing angle of 105 ° ([Fig. 1 b]) and is used when SpyGlass cholangioscopy is less than ideal (i. e. no sphincterotomy, small-caliber duct) [1] [2].
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Ciril Rozman, Emilio Montserrat
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most frequent form of leukemia in Western countries, is characterized by the clonal proliferation and accumulation of neoplastic B lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. The median age of patients at diagnosis is 65 years, with only 10 to 15 percent under 50 years of age. In most series, more men than women are affected. The course of the disease is variable. Whereas some patients with CLL have a normal life span, others die within five years after diagnosis. During the past few years, important advances have been made in the . . .