tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P4-07-10: Prognostic Significance of Triple Negative Breast Cancer at Tumor Size 1 Cm and Smaller
Authors: H-W Lai, S-J Kuo, C-W Chi, S-T Chen, T-W Chang, D-R. Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an independent biomarker of poor prognosis, and associated with a higher predilection for visceral metastasis and early recurrence. However, the prognostic significance of TNBC with a tumor size ≥1 cm is unclear. Patients with primary operable breast cancer with a tumor size ≥1cm were retrospectively collected at Changhua Christian Hospital and National Cheng-Kung University Hospital in Taiwan. Tumors negative for ER, PR, and HER-2, determined by immunohistochemical stain, were classified as TNBCs and compared with tumors with any receptor positivity (non-TNBC) for disease-free survival (DFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). From 1995 to 2006, a total of 377 (13%) patients with tumor size ≥1 cm were enrolled from 2835 primary breast cancer patients. The mean age at diagnosis and follow-up time were 50.86 and 4.04 ± 2.83 years, separately. Compared with non-TNBC patients, TNBC with a tumor size ≥1 cm as a whole or in lymph node-positive subgroup was not associated with a poorer 5-year DFS and CSS. In lymph node-negative patients (pT1a-bN0M0), TNBC was associated with a poorer 5-year CSS but not DFS than the non-TNBC group. In multivariate Cox regression hazard analysis, lymph node invasion was the most important cause (hazard ratio: 19.89, 95% CI: 2.18-181.89, P=0.0081) of cancer-specific death. Fig. (a) Disease-free survival (DFS) of TNBC patients versus non-TNBC patients with tumor ≥1 cm. (b) Cancer-specific survival (CSS) of TNBC patients versus non-TNBC patients with tumor ≥1 cm. (c) CSS in node-positive patients with a TNBC versus non-TNBC phenotype. (d) CSS in node-negative patients with TNBC versus non-TNBC. (e) DFS in patients with HR+/ERBB2-, ERBB2+, and TNBC. (f) CSS in patients of HR+/ERBB2- , ERBB2+, and TNBC. (g) CSS in node-positive patients with HR+/ERBB2-, ERBB2+, and TNBC. (h) CSS in node-negative patients with HR+/ERBB2- , ERBB2+, and TNBC. TNBC is very likely an independent risk factor for CSS in small (≥1 cm) node-negative invasive breast cancer. With tumors 1 cm and smaller, lymph node invasion was the single most important prognostic factor. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-07-10.
SP0195 Pediatric central nervous system vasculitis
Authors: S. Benseler
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Childhood CNS vasculitis is an increasingly recognized inflammatory brain disease, which may develop as a primary condition, or secondary to an underlying systemic illness. Primary angiitis of the central nervous system of childhood (cPACNS) is one of the leading causes of severe, non-accidental brain injury including acute ischemic stroke, refractory status epilepticus, psychosis, and progressive cognitive decline in previously healthy children. Clinical recognition and rapid diagnostic evaluation are crucial to prevent brain damage. The differential diagnosis has to be thoroughly explored prior to invasive testing including distinct metabolic conditions, non-inflammatory vasculopathies and non-vasculitic, inflammatory brain diseases. Biomarkers are available for many conditions. Angiography is a key imaging modality for large vessel cPACNS. Angiography-negative small-vessel CNS vasculitis mandates invasive brain biopsies to confirm the diagnosis. Recognition, rapid diagnostic evaluation and initiation of targeted therapies are mandatory to control inflammation and prevent severe neurological impairment in children. The presentation will summarizes the current information on diagnosis and differential diagnosis, diagnostic algorithms and treatment efficacy and safety in childhood CNS vasculitis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: A Decision Analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Steven P. Dehmer, Michael V. Maciosek, Thomas J. Flottemesch, Amy B. LaFrance, Evelyn P. Whitlock
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Evidence indicates that aspirin is effective for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) but also increases the risk for gastrointestinal (GI) and cerebral hemorrhages.To assess the net balance of benefits and harms from routine aspirin use across clinically relevant age, sex, and CVD risk groups.Decision analysis using a microsimulation model.3 systematic evidence reviews.Men and women aged 40 to 79 years with a 10-year CVD risk of 20% or less, and no history of CVD and without elevated risk for GI or cerebral hemorrhages that would contraindicate aspirin use.Lifetime, 20 years, and 10 years.Clinical.Low-dose aspirin (≤100 mg/d).Primary outcomes are length and quality of life measured in net life-years and quality-adjusted life-years. Benefits include reduced nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal ischemic stroke, fatal CVD, CRC incidence, and CRC mortality. Harms include increased fatal and nonfatal GI bleeding and hemorrhagic stroke.Lifetime net quality-adjusted life-years are positive for most adults initiating aspirin at ages 40 to 69 years, and life expectancy gains are expected for most men and women initiating aspirin at ages 40 to 59 years and 60 to 69 years with higher CVD risk. Harms may exceed benefits for persons starting aspirin in their 70s and for many during the first 10 to 20 years of use.Results are most sensitive to the relative risk for hemorrhagic stroke and CVD mortality but are affected by all relative risk estimates, baseline GI bleeding incidence and case-fatality rates, and disutilities associated with aspirin use.Aspirin effects by age are uncertain. Stroke benefits are conservatively estimated. Gastrointestinal bleeding incidence and case-fatality rates account only for age and sex.Lifetime aspirin use for primary prevention initiated at younger ages (40 to 69 years) and in persons with higher CVD risk shows the greatest potential for positive net benefit.Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
IARC Publishes Western Europe Cancer Maps
Authors: C. Vanchieri
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article IARC Publishes Western Europe Cancer Maps Get access Cori Vanchieri Cori Vanchieri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 8, 21 April 1993, Pages 603–604, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.8.603 Published: 21 April 1993
TCT-352 Prognostic value of acute kidney injury immediately after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Jang Hoon Lee, Myung Hwan Bae, Shung Chull Chae, Yongkeun Cho, Se Yong Jang, Jae Hee Kim, Sun Hee Park, Hun Sik Park, Dong Heon Yang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Due to Defects in Lymphocytes
Authors: Rebecca H. Buckley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

The recognition of impaired immunity in children five decades ago1,2 spurred an exponential increase in knowledge of the functions of the immune system. More than 95 inherited immunodeficiency disorders have now been identified.3,4 Genetically determined immunodeficiency can cause not only undue susceptibility to infection but also autoimmunity and an increased risk of cancer. The defects may affect one or more components of the immune system, including T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, phagocytic cells, and complement proteins. This review will focus on molecular causes of primary immunodeficiency that affect lymphocytes.PhenotypesMutations that impair the function of . . .
Genomic Aberrations and Survival in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Hartmut Döhner, Stephan Stilgenbauer, Axel Benner, Elke Leupolt, Alexander Kröber, Lars Bullinger, Konstanze Döhner, Martin Bentz, Peter Lichter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization has improved the detection of genomic aberrations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We used this method to identify chromosomal abnormalities in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and assessed their prognostic implications.Mononuclear cells from the blood of 325 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization for deletions in chromosome bands 6q21, 11q22-23, 13q14, and 17p13; trisomy of bands 3q26, 8q24, and 12q13; and translocations involving band 14q32. Molecular cytogenetic data were correlated with clinical findings.Chromosomal aberrations were detected in 268 of 325 cases (82 percent). The most frequent changes were a deletion in 13q (55 percent), a deletion in 11q (18 percent), trisomy of 12q (16 percent), a deletion in 17p (7 percent), and a deletion in 6q (7 percent). Five categories were defined with a statistical model: 17p deletion, 11q deletion, 12q trisomy, normal karyotype, and 13q deletion as the sole abnormality; the median survival times for patients in these groups were 32, 79, 114, 111, and 133 months, respectively. Patients in the 17p- and 11q-deletion groups had more advanced disease than those in the other three groups. Patients with 17p deletions had the shortest median treatment-free interval (9 months), and those with 13q deletions had the longest (92 months). In multivariate analysis, the presence or absence of a 17p deletion, the presence or absence of an 11q deletion, age, Binet stage, the serum lactate dehydrogenase level, and the white-cell count gave significant prognostic information.Genomic aberrations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia are important independent predictors of disease progression and survival. These findings have implications for the design of risk-adapted treatment strategies.
A Controlled Trial of Early Adjunctive Treatment with Corticosteroids for<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>Pneumonia in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Samuel A. Bozzette, Fred R. Sattler, Joseph Chiu, Albert W. Wu, Daniel Gluckstein, Carol Kemper, Angie Bartok, Jeannie Niosi, Ian Abramson, Jeanine Coffman, Claire Hughlett, Ronaldo Loya, Brett Cassens, Bisher Akil, Tze-Chiang Meng, C. Thomas Boylen, Donald Nielsen, Douglas D. Richman, Jeremiah G. Tilles, John Leedom, J. Allen McCutchan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia remains a common cause of serious morbidity and mortality in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The extensive lung injury that accompanies pneumocystis-associated respiratory failure and the reports of clinical benefit from the use of adjunctive corticosteroids provided the rationale for this prospective multicenter trial.
“Waves of Edema” Seem Implausible
Authors: Colin Berry, David Carrick, Caroline Haig, Keith G. Oldroyd
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)

morphological features of coronary plaque in culprit lesions.Various pathological types of vulnerable plaques (e.g., plaque rupture, plaque erosion, and calcified nodules) can cause thrombosis with or without luminal obstruction and could lead to acute coronary syndromes, including myocardial infarction and unstable angina (2).Plaque rupture is the most common cause of coronary thrombosis, accounting for approximately 70% of fatal coronary thrombi (3).Thin-capped fibroatheroma is the characteristic morphology of rupture-prone plaques, in which a thin and inflamed fibrous cap covers a large and soft lipidrich necrotic core, frequently with positive remodeling mitigating luminal obstruction (mild stenosis by angiography) (2).In intravascular ultrasound studies, intravascular ultrasound-virtual histology-derived thin-capped fibroatheroma lesions are independently associated with adverse cardiovascular events (4).However, little is known about the natural history of thin-capped fibroatheroma and the detailed process of vulnerable plaque rupture, because most published studies have thus far been cross-sectional analyses, and none have presented changes on serial intravascular images.What is the mechanism responsible for rupture of vulnerable plaques?Although it is still uncertain that coronary spasm could cause plaque rupture, Wang et al. (5) provided evidence for the important role of coronary spasm in triggering vulnerable plaque rupture.Accordingly, we believe that by combining the acetylcholine provocation test for the evaluation of vasomotor abnormalities and intravascular imaging for defining plaque morphology, we can identify patients at high risk for future adverse cardiovascular events.
S55 Neural Respiratory Drive Using Parasternal Electromyography In Clinically Stable Cystic Fibrosis Patients: A Physiological Marker Of Lung Disease Severity And Exercise Capacity
Authors: L. Smith, C. Reilly, V. MacBean, C. Jolley, C. Elston, J. Moxham, G. Rafferty
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Measurement of neural respiratory drive, using parasternal intercostal muscle electromyography (EMGpara), has previously been shown to relate to pulmonary function impairment and exercise-induced breathlessness in advanced cystic fibrosis (CF). This measure reflects the load on the respiratory system and the capacity of the respiratory muscles and therefore may provide a composite measure of overall lung disease severity. In order to utilise EMGpara clinically in CF, its relationship to standard physiological outcome measures requires further investigation across a broad range of disease severities. Aim: To investigate the relationships between EMGpara and standard measures of pulmonary function and exercise performance in patients with CF. <h3>Methods</h3> Thirty patients with clinically stable CF were recruited. EMGpara was recorded during five minutes of tidal breathing using electrodes positioned in the second intercostal space directly lateral to the sternum. Peak EMGpara per breath was averaged over the final minute of the recording and expressed as a percentage of EMGpara recorded during a maximal inspiratory manoeuvre (EMGpara%max). Spirometry, lung volumes by body plethysmography and an incremental shuttle walking test (ISWT) with breath by breath metabolic data were also performed. <h3>Results</h3> Patient characteristics, EMGpara%max, measures of pulmonary function and exercise performance are shown in Table 1. EMGpara%max was significantly associated with residual volume/total lung capacity ratio (RV/TLC, r = 0.724, p &lt; 0.001), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<sub>1</sub>% pred. r = -0.648, p &lt; 0.001) and functional residual capacity/total lung capacity ratio (FRC<sub>pleth</sub>/TLC, r = 0.625, p &lt; 0.001). EMGpara%max showed the strongest relationship with ISWT distance (r = -0.612, p &lt; 0.001) and peak oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2peak,</sub> r = -0.665, p = 0.001). Weaker relationships were observed between ISWT distance and pulmonary function (FEV<sub>1</sub>r = 0.518 p = 0.006, RV/TLC r = -0.451 p = 0.024, FRC<sub>pleth</sub>/TLC r = -0.299 p 0.147) and VO<sub>2peak</sub> (FEV<sub>1</sub>r = 0.521 p = 0.008, RV/TLC r = -0.505 p = 0.014, FRC<sub>pleth</sub>/TLC r = -0.389 p = 0.066). <h3>Conclusion</h3> EMGpara correlates strongly with conventional pulmonary function measures in CF and has a closer relationship with exercise capacity than standard pulmonary function parameters. EMGpara%max therefore represents a promising marker of CF lung disease severity.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE FOR PREDICTION OF FUTURE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER INTERNATIONAL CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF THE CONFIRM REGISTRY
Authors: Ran Heo, Hyuk-Jae Chang, Heidi Gransar, Bríain ó Hartaigh, Hyung-Bok Park, Iksung Cho, Sanghoon Shin, Gilbert Raff, Kavitha Chinnaiyan, Todd Villines, Jonathan Leipsic, Philipp Kaufmann, Ricardo Cury, Gudrun Feuchtner, Yong-Jin Kim, James Min
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Premedication with sublingual or oral alprazolam in adults undergoing diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Ahmad Shavakhi, Soghry Soleiman, Ali Gholamrezaei, Mahsa Khodadoostan, Sara Shavakhi, Abdolmajid Tahery, Mohammad Minakari
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aim:</b> Diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is uncomfortable for most patients. We determined the efficacy of alprazolam, administered orally or sublingually, as premedication for sedation during EGD. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Adult EGD candidates were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 55, each group) and received alprazolam (0.5 mg) sublingually or orally, placebo sublingually or orally at 30 minutes before EGD. Main outcome measures included procedure-related anxiety and pain/discomfort (assessed using 11-point numeric scales), patient overall tolerance (assessed using a 4-point Likert scale), need for intravenous sedation, and willingness to repeat the EGD if necessary. <b>Results:</b> Patients experienced greater reduction in anxiety score after medication with sublingual alprazolam (mean 2.25, standard deviation [SD] 1.73) compared with sublingual placebo (mean 0.10, standard error [SE] 0.15]; <i>P < </i>0.001) and oral alprazolam (0.63, SE 0.14; <i>P < </i>0.001). Also, pain/discomfort scores were lower with sublingual alprazolam compared with sublingual placebo (3.29, SE 0.29 vs. 4.16, SD 1.86; <i>P</i> = 0.024), and with oral alprazolam compared with oral placebo (3.48, SD 1.69 vs. 5.13, SD 2.39; <i>P</i> <i> < </i>0.001). Patient overall tolerance was better with sublingual alprazolam than with sublingual placebo (<i>P</i> = 0.005) or with oral alprazolam (<i>P</i> = 0.009). Regarding intravenous sedation, there was no difference between sublingual alprazolam and sublingual placebo (10.9 % vs. 10.9 %; <i>P</i> = 0.619) or between oral alprazolam and oral placebo (9.0 % vs. 12.7 %; <i>P</i> = 0.381). Willingness to repeat the procedure was greater with sublingual alprazolam than with sublingual placebo (50.9 % vs. 30.9 %; <i>P</i> = 0.026). <b>Conclusions:</b> Sublingual alprazolam is an effective premedication for sedation during EGD. It reduces anxiety and pain/discomfort related to EGD and increases patient tolerance and willingness to repeat the EGD if necessary. Clinical trial registration: NCT01949038 ClinicalTrials.gov
Abstract 1361: Sarcoma-relevant genetic events identified in a chimeric mouse model of sarcoma in skeletal muscle
Authors: Simone Hettmer, Melissa C. Lindsay, David M. Langenau, Amy J. Wagers
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background. Soft-tissue sarcomas are heterogeneous malignancies of mesodermal, non-hematopoietic origin. Ex-vivo genetic alteration (by activation of Kras(G12V) and deletion of p16INK4A/p19ARF) and intramuscular implantation of discrete mesodermal cell populations, freshly isolated from mouse skeletal muscle, results in the rapid induction of pleomorphic sarcomas. This model system can be utilized as a platform to dissect sarcoma-relevant cellular and genetic events. Methods. The molecular underpinnings of Kras; p16p19null sarcomas were evaluated by whole genome microarray in comparison to normal muscle and to previously published human rhabdomyosarcoma datasets. Upregulation of 141 candidate genes identified by bioinformatic analyses was verified using a customized RT*2 Profiler™ PCR Array (SA Biosciences). The effects of shRNA knockdown of candidate genes on sarcoma growth were evaluated in sarcoma cell lines. Results. Kras; p1619null sarcomas recapitulate gene expression signatures of human rhabdomyosarcomas and identify a conserved cluster of 144 genes that is concordantly upregulated in both mouse and human sarcomas compared to normal skeletal muscle. 74 of these 144 genes have been associated previously with human malignancies, and 28 have been linked specifically to sarcomas. PCR array validation confirmed that 104 of these genes are upregulated in mouse sarcomas compared to normal skeletal muscle, including the BMP antagonist and Shh morphogen Gremlin, previously implicated in human sarcomas (upregulated 1327-fold in mouse sarcomas vs. muscle). Gremlin knockdown in sarcoma cell lines by shRNA results in reduced proliferation, thereby implicating a functional role in sarcoma biology. Conclusions. Our studies identify a small group of genes that are upregulated in sarcomas across species and may be of fundamental importance in sarcomas. Future studies of the genes identified here will likely provide important insights into the events that drive sarcomas in muscle, and identify new targets for therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1361. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1361
Patient Activism: Cancer Groups Become Vocal and Politically Active
Authors: L. Fintor
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Patient Activism: Cancer Groups Become Vocal and Politically Active Get access Lou Fintor Lou Fintor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 8, 17 April 1991, Pages 528–529, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.8.528 Published: 17 April 1991
Case 40-1995
Authors: S.C. Hauser, R.N. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Presentation of CaseA 71-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal pain.An aortobifemoral graft procedure had been performed 17 years earlier because of atherosclerosis, and a myocardial infarct occurred 1 year later. Four years before admission a cholecystectomy was performed. An aortic anastomotic aneurysm was repaired 26 months before admission. A cystic abnormality was palpated in the tail of the pancreas at that time. During the next six months two computed tomographic (CT) scans of the abdomen showed the satisfactory status of the aortic graft. The common bile duct was dilated at 2 cm, with a . . .
Clinical Evaluation of Concentrated Red Cells
Authors: I. O. Szymanski, C. R. Valeri
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Concentrated red cells, depleted of all or almost all visible plasma, and then stored at 4°C for as long as 28 days, were administered as therapeutic transfusions. The 24-hour survival was over 70 per cent and was not affected by the degree of concentration. In four of six Group A1, B or A1B recipients, a positive direct antiglobulin test was observed immediately after transfusion of Group O cells with residual plasma, and the red cells in these samples agglutinated in the Auto-Analyzer without added antibody. However, the survival of the recipient's red cells was normal. Our data suggest that the removal of damaged red cells during transfusion was influenced by the state of the recipient's health; seriously ill patients exhibited an ineffective removal mechanism, where-as otherwise healthy recipients with accidental injuries removed the irreversibly damaged red cells promptly.