tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spain allows abortion on demand up to 14 weeks
Authors: M. de Lago
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Abortion on demand for some women will be legal for the first time in Spain from next July. The controversial law that allows women to have an abortion without restrictions during the first 14 weeks of pregnancy was approved in the Senate last Wednesday by a majority of six votes.

Representatives of the Spanish Socialist Party and feminist groups welcomed the law, which was promoted by the socialist government. They described it as a “historic step” in the fight for women’s rights.

Spain’s president, Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero, said that from now on “it won’t be possible to send women to prison for …
Increased overall drug utilization in patients with psoriasis: a case-control study based on Dutch general practitioner data
Authors: E.A. Dowlatshahi, L.M. Hollestein, R.M.C. Herings, T. Nijsten, M. Wakkee
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Medication use in patients with psoriasis has been studied mostly in the context of psoriasis comorbidities. To investigate detailed drug utilization in patients with psoriasis compared with controls in a population‐based sample. This was a case–control study based on drug prescriptions derived from a Dutch general practitioner database where patients with psoriasis and controls without psoriasis were matched 1 : 1 for age, sex, general practitioner and duration of follow‐up, between 2002 and 2012. We calculated Mantel–Haenszel odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all therapeutic groups and chemical substances. In total 17 627 patients with psoriasis and 17 627 controls were followed for > 4 years. Overall 20% of patients with psoriasis received no psoriasis treatment and 8% had moderate‐to‐severe disease. During the entire follow‐up a mean of nine unique drugs were prescribed in patients with psoriasis; this was significantly higher than in controls (mean of seven). Drug use did not peak around the date of diagnosis for psoriasis, but remained constant over time. All of the most commonly prescribed therapeutic groups were significantly more often prescribed in patients with psoriasis than in controls. These included drugs associated with psoriasis symptoms and treatment (OR 2·17, 95% CI 2·07–2·28 and OR 22, 95% CI 21–25, respectively), drugs related to psoriasis comorbidities (1·46, 95% CI 1·39–1·53) and a proportion of drugs that were a priori not expected to be increased in patients with psoriasis, such as nasal preparations and laxatives. Patients with psoriasis received more prescriptions for all drugs, regardless of associated comorbidities. This overall increased use of drugs suggests an increased healthcare utilization in patients with psoriasis identified in routine databases.
An Evaluation of the Chromate-Serum Precipitation Reaction in the Diagnosis of Cancer&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J. H. Hill, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1957)

An Evaluation of the Chromate-Serum Precipitation Reaction in the Diagnosis of Cancer Get access J. H. Hill, M.D. J. H. Hill, M.D. Department of Pathology and Oncology, University of Kansas Medical School, Kansas City, Kansas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 18, Issue 2, February 1957, Pages 315–322, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/18.2.315 Published: 01 February 1957 Article history Received: 29 August 1956 Published: 01 February 1957
Case 46-1971
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. McNeely, Arnold S. Relman, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Presentation of CaseA 22-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of renal failure.He had been in excellent health until a few months previously, when he began to have occasional night sweats. During the three months before entry he experienced dizziness on standing up abruptly and reported intermittent, mild postprandial abdominal distress. Four weeks before admission he had a sore throat for four or five days; there was no treatment. Two weeks before entry a diffuse headache developed, and a nonpruritic rash appeared over the ankles and feet. On the following day there was the onset of discomfort . . .
Failure of Self-Inhibition in Tumors
Authors: S. Meryl Rose
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1958)

Journal Article Failure of Self-Inhibition in Tumors Get access S. Meryl Rose S. Meryl Rose Department of Zoology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 20, Issue 4, April 1958, Pages 653–664, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/20.4.653 Published: 01 April 1958 Article history Received: 29 August 1957 Published: 01 April 1958
Early Azithromycin Treatment to Prevent Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Illnesses in Children—Reply
Authors: Leonard B. Bacharier, Theresa W. Guilbert, Fernando D. Martinez
Journal: JAMA (2016)

In Reply Dr Fleming-Dutra and colleagues express concerns about our study demonstrating the efficacy of early azithromycin use in the prevention of severe LRTI among children with prior severe LRTIs. We disagree with their conclusions.
Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukemia with a chromosome 22 breakpoint outside the breakpoint cluster region [published erratum appears in Blood 1988 Jan;71(1):272]
Authors: L Selleri, F Narni, G Emilia, A Colo, P Zucchini, D Venturelli, A Donelli, U Torelli, G Torelli
Journal: Blood (1987)
Adjuvant chemotherapy selection for stage I NSCLC 2011 through 2014 in the southeastern United States.
Authors: Avinash Mamgain, Dinah Faith Q. Huff, Charles L. Bennett, William S. Shimp, Anmol Baranwal, Laura Rose Bobolts, Melissa Armitage, Sharon Davis, Anna E. Schorer, Marc L. Fishman, Val Fishman, Robert Walton, Jurgen Kogler, William J. Hrushesky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

248 Background: Among patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), appropriate use of adjuvant chemotherapy is an important determinant of survival. Existing level 1 data, which includes analysis of five cisplatin-based phase III trials (IALT, BLT, ALPI, ANITA, NCIC-CTG-JBR.10), two carboplatin-based phase III trials (CALGB 9633 and NATCH Trial), and two meta-analyses (LACE, MRC), demonstrate only cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy regimens enhance overall patient survival. Most importantly, these studies also reveal that survival advantage from adjuvant chemotherapy does not extend to stage I patients, but only to stage II-IIIA patient subgroups. Unplanned a posteriori subset analyses indicate the possibility that certain stage I NSCLC with one or more "high risk" characteristics may benefit from cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. This hypothesis must be properly tested before it can be adopted. We, herein, hypothesize that many US stage I NSCLC patients are routinely treated in the adjuvant setting with regimens that have not demonstrated level one overall survival benefit. Methods: We examined chemotherapy request data for stage I &amp; II NSCLC, submitted to a private health insurer by oncologists for the adjuvant treatment of NSCLC patients in the southeast US from January 2011 through May 2014. Results: Overall, 25% (67/264) of adjuvant chemotherapy requests were for stage I NSCLC patients (potential overuse). The frequency of these requests has increased over time: 17% in 2011, 20% in 2012, 30% in 2013, 34% in 2014. Four out of five of patients with stage I NSCLC (52/67) were given carboplatin-based regimens, while only one in five (19%, 13/67) received cisplatin-based regimens, and 3% (3/67) were pemetrexed-based regimens (potential misuse). Conclusions: High misuse and overuse rates of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage I NSCLC are observed among the privately insured populations of Florida, Texas and Georgia. Quality improvement initiatives in this patient population may be indicated to prevent potential harm from treatments advised against by ASCO, ESMO, NCIC, NCCN and UK guidelines.
Abstract P1-16-07: Pharmacogenomics-pharmacokinetics study of selective estrogen-receptor modulators with intra-patient dose-escalation for Japanese breast cancer patients
Authors: S Ohno, H Ishiguro, Y Yamamoto, S Takao, N Sato, T Fujisawa, T Kadoya, K Kuroi, H Bando, Y Teramura, H Iwata, S Tanaka, M Toi
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background The association between CYP2D6 polymorphisms and efficacy of tamoxifen (TAM) is inconclusive, partly due to inaccurate prediction of active metabolite, endoxifen exposure by solely CYP2D6 genotype. Moreover, TAM dose escalation is not effective for poor metabolizers. Since the contribution of CYP2D6 to toremifen (TOR) activation is small, TOR might be a good alternative to TAM for poor metabolizers. Methods Patients who maintained good compliance with TAM or TOR without regular use of strong CYP2D6 inhibitors were enrolled in a screening study. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of TAM or TOR and the pharmacogenomics (PGx) of metabolizing enzymes and transporters were assessed. Associations between TAM and TOR PK and PGx, other CYP inhibitor use, and smoking status were examined by regression analysis. An intra-patient dose escalation study was conducted for patients showing low endoxifen levels during TAM treatment (n = 14). TAM was switched to 40 mg of TOR, and then increased to 120 mg for ≥24 weeks with periodic PK sampling. Total TAM or TOR activity was calculated as the sum of the concentration of each active metabolite adjusted by their respective in vitro activity. Results CYP2D6 genotype was the major determinant for TAM activity (p &amp;lt; 0.01) for Japanese breast cancer patients. Current smoking status (p = 0.07) and CYP2C19 (p = 0.07), but not CYP2D6 genotype (p = 0.61), showed marginally significant effects on TOR activity. TOR activity sufficiently increased with dose escalation from 40 mg to 120 mg, even among the poor TAM metabolizers, and was maintained for ≥24 weeks. Total Activity of TOR (ng/mL) Screening (n=271)Intra-patient dose escalation (n=14)Dose (mg)4040120120*120/40120*/40120*/120Mean (ng/mL)4168.53218.18758.67268.03.12.60.9Median (ng/mL)3865.43020.38924.67579.72.82.50.8SD1446.21207.01707.11793.21.20.80.2p-value0.04 &amp;lt;0.01&amp;lt;0.010.054*(Sample taken at ≥24 weeks) Conclusion Since the contribution of CYP2D6 to TOR metabolism is relatively small, TOR is a valid alternative to TAM, especially in patients predicted to be poor TAM metabolizers. Further clinical trials are warranted to validate this concept. Citation Format: Ohno S, Ishiguro H, Yamamoto Y, Takao S, Sato N, Fujisawa T, Kadoya T, Kuroi K, Bando H, Teramura Y, Iwata H, Tanaka S, Toi M. Pharmacogenomics-pharmacokinetics study of selective estrogen-receptor modulators with intra-patient dose-escalation for Japanese breast cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-16-07.
Childhood antecedents of schizophrenia
Authors: C. Hollis
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Ophthalmologists is more helpful and avoids confusion.This states: The minimal visual field for safe driving is a field of vision of at least 120 degrees on the horizontal measured by the Goldmann perimeter using the III4e settings (or equivalent perimetry).In addition there should be no significant field defect in the binocular field which encroaches within 20 degrees of fixation either above or below the horizontal meridian.By these means homonymous or bitemporal defects which come close to fixation, whether hemianopic or quadrantanopic, are not accepted as safe for driving.Isolated scotomata represented in the binocular field near to the central fixation area may also be inconsistent with safe driving.2This definition is incorporated in the forthcoming revised edition of the booklet Medical Aspects of Fitness to Drive3 and is thought to be the best interpretation of the standard as it is applied to individual patients.
Abstract P4-04-02: Amplification of chromosome 9p24 targeting PD-L1 and JAK2 correlates with altered tumor microenvironment expression profiles in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: KS Anderson, M Andreozzi, BA Pockaj, M Hopper, AE McCullough, MT Barrett
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Introduction: In a pilot study, we recently described amplification of chromosome 9p24 encoding PD-L1, PD-L2, and JAK2 (the PDJ amplicon) in 29% of early stage triple negative breast cancers (TNBC). Amplification was associated with poor DFS and OS. The impact of this amplicon on immune function is not known. Methods: Fresh frozen tumor samples from 36 subjects with newly-diagnosed TNBC (stages I-III) were evaluated for copy number aberrations using DNA-based flow cytometry to enrich nuclei based on ploidy status (tetraploidy or aneuploidy), followed by oligonucleotide CGH arrays. Targeted immune expression profiling was performed using the Nanostring PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel (n=770 genes). Results: 23 samples had measurable abnormal ploidy (evidence of sufficient tumor content) for CGH analysis; the remaining samples were omitted from analysis. High level (log2ratio &amp;gt;1) amplification was detected in 6/23 (26.1%) of TNBCs, and low-level copy number gain (CN log2ratio &amp;gt;0 and&amp;lt;1) was detected in 3/23 (13.0%). The remaining samples had no copy number change (n=9) or low level copy number loss (CN log2ratio&amp;gt;-1 and &amp;lt;0, n=5). Increased RNA expression of STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, and STAT6 was associated with PDJ amplification, as well as upregulation of the immune regulatory genes CD47 and IDO1. Conclusion: Amplification of chromosome 9p24.1 involving PD-L1, PD-L2, and JAK2 is present in a significant proportion of TNBCs. This amplicon is associated with altered gene expression of the tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: Anderson KS, Andreozzi M, Pockaj BA, Hopper M, McCullough AE, Barrett MT. Amplification of chromosome 9p24 targeting PD-L1 and JAK2 correlates with altered tumor microenvironment expression profiles in triple negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-04-02.
Trypanosoma brucei Parasites Occupy and Functionally Adapt to the Adipose Tissue in Mice
Authors: Sandra Trindade, Filipa Rijo-Ferreira, Tânia Carvalho, Daniel Pinto-Neves, Fabien Guegan, Francisco Aresta-Branco, Fabio Bento, Simon A. Young, Andreia Pinto, Jan Van Den Abbeele, Ruy M. Ribeiro, Sérgio Dias, Terry K. Smith, Luisa M. Figueiredo
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2016)

Trypanosoma brucei is an extracellular parasite that causes sleeping sickness. In mammalian hosts, trypanosomes are thought to exist in two major niches: early in infection, they populate the blood; later, they breach the blood-brain barrier. Working with a well-established mouse model, we discovered that adipose tissue constitutes a third major reservoir for T. brucei. Parasites from adipose tissue, here termed adipose tissue forms (ATFs), can replicate and were capable of infecting a naive animal. ATFs were transcriptionally distinct from bloodstream forms, and the genes upregulated included putative fatty acid β-oxidation enzymes. Consistent with this, ATFs were able to utilize exogenous myristate and form β-oxidation intermediates, suggesting that ATF parasites can use fatty acids as an external carbon source. These findings identify the adipose tissue as a niche for T. brucei during its mammalian life cycle and could potentially explain the weight loss associated with sleeping sickness.
Testosterone gel improved sexual function, but not walk distance or fatigue, in older men with low testosterone
Authors: Oksana Hamidi, Victor M. Montori
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

ACP Journal Club17 May 2016Testosterone gel improved sexual function, but not walk distance or fatigue, in older men with low testosteroneOksana Hamidi, DO, Victor M. Montori, MD, MScOksana Hamidi, DOMayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA (O.H., V.M.M.)Search for more papers by this author, Victor M. Montori, MD, MScMayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA (O.H., V.M.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJC-2016-164-10-056 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationSnyder PJ, Bhasin S, Cunningham GR, et al; Testosterone Trials Investigators. Effects of testosterone treatment in older men. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:611-624. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26886521Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Endocrinology: Geriatrics: References1 Boloña ER, Uraga MV, Haddad RM, et al. Testosterone use in men with sexual dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007;82:20-8. [PMID: 17285782] Google Scholar2 Bhasin S, Cunningham GR, Hayes FJ, et al; Task Force Endocrine Society. Testosterone therapy in men with androgen deficiency syndromes: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:2536-59. [PMID: 20525905] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA (O.H., V.M.M.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 May 2016. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 May 2016Volume 164, Issue 10Page: JC56KeywordsAgingFatigueHypogonadismPhysical functioningProstate cancerQuality of lifeSafetyStrokeTestosteroneWalking ePublished: 17 May 2016 Issue Published: 17 May 2016 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2016 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
323P Complementary role of the MSKCC nomogram to the AJCC system for the prediction of relapse of major salivary gland carcinoma after surgery
Authors: C.-Y. Hung, W.-C. Chou, K.-P. Chang, C.-H. Lu, M.-F. Chen, Y.-F. Cheng, K.-Y. Yeh, C.-H. Wang, Y.-C. Lin, T.-S. Yeh
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Cancer-Cell Seeding of Operative Wounds
Authors: Robert R. Smith, Albert W. Hilberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1955)

Journal Article Cancer-Cell Seeding of Operative Wounds Get access Robert R. Smith, Robert R. Smith National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Albert W. Hilberg Albert W. Hilberg National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 16, Issue 3, December 1955, Pages 645–657, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/16.3.645 Published: 01 December 1955 Article history Received: 16 June 1955 Published: 01 December 1955
Abstract B35: Ovarian cancer incidence projections in the United States: Expected increases through 2030.
Authors: Sherri L. Stewart, Trevor D. Thompson, Hannah K. Weir, Sun Hee Rim
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: Several reports have shown that age-standardized ovarian cancer rates are decreasing in recent years in the United States. While these reported rates are useful to compare trends across certain groups, they do not always accurately convey the burden of ovarian cancer, nor do they provide information on the actual numbers of ovarian cases diagnosed each year. Since age is the greatest risk factor for ovarian cancer, and the older population of the Unites States is growing, the accurate assessment of future ovarian cancer trends is important in order to plan for clinical care needs and allocate resources effectively. Objective: To assess future trends in the United States ovarian cancer burden by projecting the number of new cases of ovarian and fallopian tube cancer cases diagnosed through the year 2030. Methods: We used observed incidence data from 1982-2011 from the SEER program, and population projections based on the 2010 US Census to predict ovarian and fallopian tube cancer cases and rates through 2030. Cases of both ovarian and fallopian tube cancers were included to account for misclassification that often occurs between the two cancer sites and also because some ovarian cases are thought to originate in the fallopian tube. Predictions were made using age-period-cohort regression models implemented in the Nordpred software. Results: The number of ovarian cancer cases is estimated to increase from 23,215 in 2012 to 27,666 in 2030, for a 19.2% total increase in new cases of ovarian cancer in 2030. Fallopian tube cancer cases are expected to increase from 1,621 in 2012 to 3,686 in 2030. Together, 31,352 cases of ovarian and fallopian tube cancers are projected to be diagnosed in 2030, for an overall expected increase of 26.2% for these cancers. Discussion: Given the expected increase in cancer cases, prioritizing resources for ovarian cancer control is warranted. Continued training and outreach of gynecologic oncologists to ensure ovarian cancer patients receive optimal treatment is necessary. Systems changes that ensure referral and accessibility to gynecologic oncologists are also needed. Additional research into genetic and other factors that predispose individuals to ovarian cancer, and the continued characterization of symptoms may help to identify cases earlier, potentially resulting in more treatment options for ovarian cancer patients. Citation Format: Sherri L. Stewart, Trevor D. Thompson, Hannah K. Weir, Sun Hee Rim. Ovarian cancer incidence projections in the United States: Expected increases through 2030. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B35.
Trends in hepatitis B incidence in Romania, 1989-2005
Authors: D Pitigoi, A Rafila, A Pistol, V Arama, V Molagic, Adrian Streinu-Cercel
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

In the early 1990s, Romania had a high incidence of hepatitis B, with over 30 cases per 100,000 population annually. The disease represented a serious public health problem, especially for children. As a result, public health measures were introduced during the 1990s such as the enforcement of the use of single-use needles and a routine vaccination programme for children and health workers. This paper describes the change in incidence of HBV infection in Romania from the late 1980s until 2005, and demonstrates the impact of those measures. They have lead to a dramatic decrease in hepatitis B incidence across the country: overall, the incidence has decreased from 43 per 100,000 in 1989 to 8.5 per 100,000 in 2004. The decrease has been most prominent in children under 15, dropping from 81 to 11 per 100,000 population and year during that period.