tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The 2-<sup>13</sup>C-5-fluorouracil breath test (FUBT) as a novel, rapid method for assessment of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity in cancer patients: Initial characterization and comparison to the 2-<sup>13</sup>C-uracil breath test (UraBT)
Authors: J. Fourie, L. K. Mattison, T. E. Wood, J. A. Posey, A. Modak, R. B. Diasio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

2551 Background: The UraBT is currently in development as a phenotypic test to screen for DPD deficiency. Following an oral dose of 2- 13 C-uracil, the UraBT shows a significant relationship between breath 13 CO 2 metabolite formation and plasma 2- 13 C-uracil and 2- 13 C-dihydrouracil pharmacokinetics. We herein describe a novel, potentially more clinically relevant test in which a small oral dose of 2- 13 C-5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is administered, followed by assessment of breath 13 CO 2 metabolite formation as previously described for the UraBT. We hypothesize that the FUBT can rapidly assess interindividual variability in 5-FU catabolism and predisposition to 5-FU toxicity. Methods: Over two sessions separated by a seven day washout, a single dose (6mg/kg, p.o.) of 2- 13 C-uracil or 2- 13 C-5-FU was administered to patients with stage III-IV colorectal cancer (n = 4). Subsequent to drug administration, in each session, 13 CO 2 catabolite formation was quantified in the breath over eight hours. In a separate investigation over two sessions separated by a seven day washout, a single dose (3mg/kg, p.o.) of 2- 13 C-uracil or 2 13 C-5-FU was administered to colorectal cancer patients with previously documented severe (n=2) or moderate (n=2) 5-FU dose-related hematological/gastrointestinal toxicity. Following drug administration 13 CO 2 catabolite formation was quantified over eight hours. 13 CO 2 concentration was expressed as Delta Over Baseline (DOB) in all sessions. Results: Compared to the UraBT, the FUBT showed an increased C max (50.7 ± 6.6 DOB/mg vs. 36.8 ± 7.8 DOB/mg; mean ± SD) and decreased T max (25 ± 4 min vs. 45 ± 6 min) for 13 CO 2 formation (p&lt;0.05). The FUBT was able to distinguish patients with previously reported severe and moderate 5- FU toxicity, with 13 CO 2 C max values of 35.5 ± 9.5 DOB/mg (mean ± SD) and 59.8 ± 7.3 DOB/mg, respectively. Importantly, FUBT C max values positively correlated with DPD activity (r s =1.00, p&lt;0.01). Conclusions: These data lend support to further development of the FUBT as a rapid and informative test to assess DPD activity and to predict susceptibility to severe dose-related 5-FU toxicity. [CA116964] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
MRI/DTI of the Brain Stem Reveals Reversible and Irreversible Disruption of the Baroreflex Neural Circuits: Clinical Implications
Authors: Chia-Hao Su, Ching-Yi Tsai, Alice Y.W. Chang, Julie Y.H. Chan, Samuel H.H. Chan
Journal: Theranostics (2016)

Baroreflex is the physiological mechanism for the maintenance of blood pressure and heart rate.Impairment of baroreflex is not a disease per se.However, depending on severity, the eventuality of baroreflex dysfunction varies from inconvenience in daily existence to curtailment of mobility to death.Despite universal acceptance, neuronal traffic within the contemporary neural circuits during the execution of baroreflex has never been visualized.By enhancing signal detection and fine-tuning the scanning parameters, we have successfully implemented tractographic analysis of the medulla oblongata in mice that allowed for visualization of connectivity between key brain stem nuclei in the baroreflex circuits.When viewed in conjunction with radiotelemetric analysis of the baroreflex, we found that under pathophysiological conditions when the disrupted connectivity between key nuclei in the baroreflex circuits was reversible, the associated disease condition (e.g.neurogenic hypertension) was amenable to remedial measures.Nevertheless, fatality ensues under pathological conditions (e.g.hepatic encephalopathy) when the connectivity between key substrates in the baroreflex circuits was irreversibly severed.MRI/DTI also prompted partial re-wiring of the contemporary circuit for baroreflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone, and unearthed an explanation for the time lapse between brain death and the inevitable asystole signifying cardiac death that follows.
Developing Precisely Defined Drug‐Loaded Nanoparticles by Ring‐Opening Polymerization of a Paclitaxel Prodrug
Authors: Jinyao Liu, Yan Pang, Jayanta Bhattacharyya, Wenge Liu, Isaac Weitzhandler, Xinghai Li, Ashutosh Chilkoti
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Nanoparticles with high paclitaxel (PTX) loading and low systemic toxicity are prepared in scalable and versatile manner via one-step ring-opening polymerization of a prodrug monomer consisting of PTX that is appended to a cyclic carbonate through a hydrolysable ester linker. Initiating this monomer from a hydrophilic macroinitiator results in an amphiphilic diblock copolymer that spontaneously self-assembles into well-defined nanoparticles with tunable size.
Characteristics and behavior of HER-2/neu positive tumors in patients under 35 years of age with breast cancer
Authors: S. A. Vigo, M. Sansano, F. Marmissolle, A. Mainella, L. Lujan, P. Price, M. Antonelli, F. Mohamed, N. Giacomi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e11634 Background: Breast cancer (BC) rarely occurs in young women. Presentation, behavior and prognosis of BC in such patients (pts), when compared with older women, are unclear. It is believed that tumor is more aggressive in biologic nature in this group of pts. Objective: to describe Her2/neu status, tumor behavior and prognosis in women aged 35 and under with BC. Methods: We reviewed the records of 45 women aged 35 years or less, with diagnosis of BC between 1999 and 2007. The original Her2 status was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with a polyclonal antibody. The results were interpreted using score 0 to 3+. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed in all samples. Results: Her2/neu overexpression showed up in 8 tumors (17.7%) and all of them were confirmed by FISH. In this group of pts (FISH positive) hormone receptors were positive in 50%. Stage at diagnosis was I 2 pts and II 6 pts. 5 out of the 8 pts with Her2/neu tumors had axillary node involvement (11.1% out of the total of population), and tumor size was more than 2cm at diagnosis. All of them were invasive ductal carcinoma. Postoperative radiotherapy was given to 6pts while all pts with Her2/neu positive tumors received chemotherapy with anthracyclines, taxanes and trastuzumab. Disease free survival of 24 month was achieved in 5pts, 1pt died with bone, lung and liver metastases. 2pts had progressive disease (bone and lung metastases one of them, and local recurrence the other one). Conclusions: In our population of pts, 17.7% were Her 2/neu positive. In this small group of pts lymph node involvement was frequent and tumor size was more than 2cm. Progressive disease with distant metastases in bone, lung and liver was observed. Despite of these negative characteristics 5 out of 8 pts (62.5%) had DFS of 2 years. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Nonfasting for Routine Lipid Testing
Authors: Samia Mora
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
A phase II study of systemic chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and S-1 (DCS) followed by gastrectomy with D2 plus para-aortic lymph node (PAN) dissection for gastric cancer with extensive lymph node metastasis (ELM): Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study JCOG1002.
Authors: Seiji Ito, Takeshi Sano, Hiroshi Katayama, Junki Mizusawa, Daisuke Takahari, Mitsuru Sasako, Hitoshi Katai, Yoichi Tanaka, Takahiro Kinoshita, Masanori Terashima, Atsushi Nashimoto, Hiroki Yamaue, Norimasa Fukushima, Makoto Yamada, Yoshiyuki Fujiwara, Yutaka Kimura, Takeshi Azuma, Tsunehiro Yoshimura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

116 Background: Gastric cancer with ELM is commonly regarded as unresectable with poor prognosis. We previously reported the safety and efficacy of cisplatin and S-1 (CS) followed by D2 gastrectomy with PAN dissection for this target (JCOG0405, Br J Surg 2014). Methods: Eligibility criteria included histologically proven gastric adenocarcinoma; bulky nodal involvement around major branched arteries to the stomach (Bulky N) and/or PAN metastases; cM0 (except PANs); negative lavage cytology; neither Borrmann type 4 nor large (8cm or more) type 3; PS 0 or 1. Patients received two or three cycles of induction chemotherapy of docetaxel (40mg/m 2 day1), cisplatin (60mg/m 2 day1), and S-1 (80mg/m 2 from day 1 to 14) every 4 weeks, and then underwent D2 gastrectomy with PAN dissection. After R0 resection, postoperative chemotherapy with S-1 was given for one year. The primary endpoint is response rate (RR) of NAC by central peer review. The planned sample size was 50 patients, provided 80% power under the hypothesis of primary endpoint as the expected RR of 80% and threshold RR of 65% with a one-sided alpha of 10%. Results: Between 07/2011 and 05/2013, 53 patients were enrolled and 1 patient was ineligible: 30 had Bulky N, 14 had PAN metastases, and 9 had both. 51of 52 patients (98.1%) completed a planned NAC. The clinical RR was 57.7% (30/52) (80%CI [47.9%-67.1%], one-sided p=0.89). The R0 resection rate was 84.6% (45/52). During DCS chemotherapy, grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in 39.6% and grade 3/4 non-haematological adverse events in 20.8%. The incidence of grade 3/4 adverse events related to surgery was 30.6%. There was no treatment-related death. The pathological finding revealed minor response (residual tumor &lt;1/3) was achieved in 50.0% (26/52) and major response (residual tumor &lt;2/3) in 34.6% (18/52). The long-term survival is still under follow-up. Conclusions: Preoperative DCS revealed feasible but could not show sufficient efficacy. Preoperative CS is still being considered a standard treatment for this population. Clinical trial information: UMIN000006069.
TCT-590 Everolimus- versus Zotarolimus-Eluting Stents for Treatment of Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Lesions (from an IRIS-MAIN Registry Substudy)
Authors: Yu Na Kim, Cheol Hyun Lee, Jae-Hyung Roh, Pil Hyung Lee, Mineok Chang, Sung-Han Yoon, Jung-Min Ahn, Soo-Jin Kang, Duk-Woo Park, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Use of National Burden to Define Operative Emergency General Surgery
Authors: John W. Scott, Olubode A. Olufajo, Gabriel A. Brat, John A. Rose, Cheryl K. Zogg, Adil H. Haider, Ali Salim, Joaquim M. Havens
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

Emergency general surgery (EGS) represents 11% of surgical admissions and 50% of surgical mortality in the United States. However, there is currently no established definition of the EGS procedures.To define a set of procedures accounting for at least 80% of the national burden of operative EGS.A retrospective review was conducted using data from the 2008-2011 National Inpatient Sample. Adults (age, ≥18 years) with primary EGS diagnoses consistent with the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma definition, admitted urgently or emergently, who underwent an operative procedure within 2 days of admission were included in the analyses. Procedures were ranked to account for national mortality and complication burden. Among ranked procedures, contributions to total EGS frequency, mortality, and hospital costs were assessed. The data query and analysis were performed between November 15, 2015, and February 16, 2016.Overall procedure frequency, in-hospital mortality, major complications, and inpatient costs calculated per 3-digit International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification procedure codes.The study identified 421 476 patient encounters associated with operative EGS, weighted to represent 2.1 million nationally over the 4-year study period. The overall mortality rate was 1.23% (95% CI, 1.18%-1.28%), the complication rate was 15.0% (95% CI, 14.6%-15.3%), and mean cost per admission was $13 241 (95% CI, $12 957-$13 525). After ranking the 35 procedure groups by contribution to EGS mortality and morbidity burden, a final set of 7 operative EGS procedures were identified, which collectively accounted for 80.0% of procedures, 80.3% of deaths, 78.9% of complications, and 80.2% of inpatient costs nationwide. These 7 procedures included partial colectomy, small-bowel resection, cholecystectomy, operative management of peptic ulcer disease, lysis of peritoneal adhesions, appendectomy, and laparotomy.Only 7 procedures account for most admissions, deaths, complications, and inpatient costs attributable to the 512 079 EGS procedures performed in the United States each year. National quality benchmarks and cost reduction efforts should focus on these common, complicated, and costly EGS procedures.
Association of Rice and Rice-Product Consumption With Arsenic Exposure Early in Life
Authors: Margaret R. Karagas, Tracy Punshon, Vicki Sayarath, Brian P. Jackson, Carol L. Folt, Kathryn L. Cottingham
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Rice—a typical first food and major ingredient in various infant foods—contains inorganic arsenic (As), but the extent of As exposure from these foods has not been well characterized in early childhood. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine the types and frequency of rice and rice-containing products consumed by infants in the first year of life and the association with As biomarker concentrations. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Included were infants from singleton births of pregnant women enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study from 2011 to 2014 whose parents were interviewed during their first year of life. Enrolled women from selected clinics were aged 18 to 45 years, living in the same residence since their last menstrual period, in households served by a private water system, and had no plans to move during pregnancy. Data on infants' intake of rice and rice products were collected from interviews with their parents at 4, 8, and 12 months' follow-up and from a 3-day food diary at 12 months from March 2013 to August 2014. <h3>Exposures</h3> Infants' intake of rice and rice products. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Total urinary As and the sum of As species measured using inductively coupled mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled mass spectrometry. Commonly reported infant rice snacks were tested for As. <h3>Results</h3> We obtained dietary data on 759 of 951 infants (79.8% participation rate). Of these, 391 infants (51.7%) were male, and the mean (SD) gestational age was 39.4 (1.7) weeks. An estimated 80% were introduced to rice cereal during their first year. At 12 months, 32.6% of infants (42 of 129) were fed rice snacks. Among infants aged 12 months who did not eat fish or seafood, the geometric mean total urinary As concentrations were higher among those who ate infant rice cereal (9.53 µg/L) or rice snacks (4.97 µg/L) compared with those who did not eat rice or rice products (2.85 µg/L; all<i>P</i> &lt; .01). Infant rice snacks contained between 36 and 568 ng/g of As and 5 to 201 ng/g of inorganic As. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Our findings indicate that intake of rice cereal and other rice-containing foods, such as rice snacks, contribute to infants' As exposure and suggest that efforts should be made to reduce As exposure during this critical phase of development.
Case 46-1988
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Howard L. Kantor, James F. Southern
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Presentation of CaseA 59-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a right adrenal mass.There was a long history of obesity, hypertension, and angina pectoris, with the more recent development of diabetes mellitus. A coronary-artery bypass graft was performed 11 years before entry and was revised 4 years later. Thereafter the patient was free of angina until seven months before admission, when angina pectoris recurred and was accompanied by dyspnea, which occurred mainly during the night, often waking him from sleep, and also occurred when he became emotionally upset. The attacks responded at times to sitting up . . .
King’s College Hospital FCC Conditioning for Severe Aplastic Anemia Induces Tolerance with Mixed T-Cell Chimerism and Extremely Low Incidence of Gvhd
Authors: Francesco Grimaldi, Linda D Barber, Pilar Perez-Abellan, Rosemary Grain, Victoria T Potter, Austin Kulasekararaj, Donal McLornan, Kavita Raj, Hugues de Lavallade, Antonio Pagliuca, Ghulam J. Mufti, Judith C Marsh
Journal: Blood (2014)
TCTAP A-096 Prognostic Significance of Unrecognized Myocardial Scar in the Myocardium Perfused by Non-Culprit Artery Detected by Late Gadolinium Enhanced Cardiac MRI in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tairo Kurita, Taku Omori, Kaoru Dohi, Tomoyuki Nakata, Shiro Nakamori, Kakuya Kitagawa, Kozo Hoshino, Hajime Sakuma, Masaaki Ito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Neutrophil extracellular traps — the dark side of neutrophils
Authors: Ole E. Sørensen, Niels Borregaard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were discovered as extracellular strands of decondensed DNA in complex with histones and granule proteins, which were expelled from dying neutrophils to ensnare and kill microbes. NETs are formed during infection in vivo by mechanisms different from those originally described in vitro. Citrullination of histones by peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is central for NET formation in vivo. NETs may spur formation of autoantibodies and may also serve as scaffolds for thrombosis, thereby providing a link among infection, autoimmunity, and thrombosis. In this review, we present the mechanisms by which NETs are formed and discuss the physiological and pathophysiological consequences of NET formation. We conclude that NETs may be of more importance in autoimmunity and thrombosis than in innate immune defense.
PTU-228 Abdominal fascial wound closure with 2–0 sutures does not lead to increased rates of dehiscence or incisional hernia
Authors: DG Couch, CDA Mann, A Miller
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Emerging evidence has shown that using smaller more frequent sutures close to the fascial wound edge is associated with a lower incidence of incisional hernia, dehiscence and surgical site infection compared to conventional wound closure.<sup>1</sup>However in implementing this practice we have experienced difficulty due to concerns regarding sutures below 1–0 grade allowing increased rates of early dehiscence and incisional hernia. We sought to demonstrate the safety of this method of wound closure. <h3>Method</h3> Un-selected patients undergoing abdominal surgery (elective and emergency) were prospectively collected from within the practice of a single surgeon in a regional teaching hospital. All wounds greater than four centimetres (fascia defect length) were included. All patients underwent closure of abdominal fascial wounds using a suture to wound length ratio of at least 4:1. Suture material was 2–0 PDS. Risk of death from surgery was preoperatively calculated using the P-POSSUM score. Initial follow up period was 30 days from procedure. Study end points were length of stay, morbidity and mortality within 30 days, dehiscence and hernia formation rate. <h3>Results</h3> 34 patients underwent fascial closure as described above, 17 cases were patients undergoing emergency laparotomy. Average fascial defect length was 13.8 cm (median 14.5 cm); average length of suture used was 98.5 cm (median 82 cm). Average ratio of suture length to wound length was 7.5. Mean length of stay in this group was 5.4 days. Average BMI was 28.9; average calculated risk of death was 11.6%. A single patient died from overwhelming sepsis shortly after emergency laparotomy. Three patients developed chest sepsis post operatively (emergency group) and two elective patients were readmitted within 30 days with chest infection and hypocalcaemia respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We have demonstrated that using a small, frequent suture does not give rise to increased rates of early dehiscence, incisional hernia or major wound complications in the early post operative period. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Israelsson L, Millbourn D. Prevention of incisional hernias. How to close a midline incision. Surg Clin North Am. 2013;93:1027–1040
Adenocarcinoma (AC) small intestine (SI). Review of prognostic factors and treatment outcomes
Authors: H. I. Chalchal, J. Tonita, R. Alvi, J. Sirdar, M. Salim, I. Y. Aboo, M. Zarkovic
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

15117 Background: AC of SI is a rare disease. Review of 123 cases was done for prognostic factors and treatment outcomes. Methods: Total of 123 cases identified using Saskatchewan Cancer Agency registry. A data collection sheet was generated and chart review was performed. Cause specific survival (CSS) was based on primary cause of death from AC of SI. Survival was calculated using Kaplan Meyer survival curves. P values were calculated using log rank test. Results: CSS of the whole group was 565 days. CSS with no metastatic disease (MD) at presentation was 792 days. 30 patients presented with MD. Patient with MD at presentation who did not receive chemotherapy had a CSS of 83 days. 13 out of 30 patients with MD received 5 flurouracil based chemotherapy. CSS of patients with MD who received chemotherapy was 363 days compared to 83 days who did not receive chemotherapy (p. 0.0036). 11 patients with stage I to III received adjuvant fluropyramidine based chemotherapy. CSS of patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy was 617 days and 52% of patients who received chemotherapy had a survival of 1307 days. There were no further events till 3788 days. CSS for grade 1 tumor was 37.5%, for grade 2 it was 28.9% and 26.4% for Grade 3 tumors. (P value 0.571). 5 year CSS was 15.8% for patients with duodenal involvement 10% for patients with ileal disease and 23.5% for patients with jejunal involvement. (P value 0.415). 5 year CSS with T4 lesions was 18.6% compared to 35% for patients with T3 lesions. (P value 0.077). Patient with node positive disease had 5 years CSS of 11.6% compared to 44.1% with node negative disease. (P value 0.004). Median age at diagnosis was 71 years. CSS of patients with age more than 71 years was 15.3% compared to 19% for less than 71 years of age. (P value .078). Conclusions: Patients who received 5 flurouracil based chemotherapy for MD and in adjuvant setting seems to have better survival outcome. However this may be related to selection bias. Nodal Involvement was associated with poor outcome. Factors as grade of tumor, T stage, age and site of disease involvement were not found to have independent prognostic significance. No significant financial relationships to disclose.