tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Health and Health Risk Factors Between Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults and Heterosexual Adults in the United States
Authors: Gilbert Gonzales, Julia Przedworski, Carrie Henning-Smith
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Previous studies identified disparities in health and health risk factors among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults, but prior investigations have been confined to samples not representative of the US adult population or have been limited in size or geographic scope. For the first time in its long history, the 2013 and 2014 National Health Interview Survey included a question on sexual orientation, providing health information on sexual minorities from one of the nation's leading health surveys.To compare health and health risk factors between LGB adults and heterosexual adults in the United States.Data from the nationally representative 2013 and 2014 National Health Interview Survey were used to compare health outcomes among lesbian (n = 525), gay (n = 624), and bisexual (n = 515) adults who were 18 years or older and their heterosexual peers (n = 67 150) using logistic regression.Self-rated health, functional status, chronic conditions, psychological distress, alcohol consumption, and cigarette use.The study cohort comprised 68 814 participants. Their mean (SD) age was 46.8 (11.8) years, and 51.8% (38 063 of 68 814) were female. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, gay men were more likely to report severe psychological distress (odds ratio [OR], 2.82; 95% CI, 1.55-5.14), heavy drinking (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.08-3.58), and moderate smoking (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.39-2.81) than heterosexual men; bisexual men were more likely to report severe psychological distress (OR, 4.70; 95% CI, 1.77-12.52), heavy drinking (OR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.22-8.16), and heavy smoking (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.08-4.10) than heterosexual men; lesbian women were more likely to report moderate psychological distress (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.02-1.76), poor or fair health (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.24-2.95), multiple chronic conditions (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.12-2.22), heavy drinking (OR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.54-4.50), and heavy smoking (OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.36-3.88) than heterosexual women; and bisexual women were more likely to report multiple chronic conditions (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.34-3.20), severe psychological distress (OR, 3.69; 95% CI, 2.19-6.22), heavy drinking (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.20-3.59), and moderate smoking (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.05-2.44) than heterosexual women.This study supports prior research finding substantial health disparities for LGB adults in the United States, potentially due to the stressors that LGB people experience as a result of interpersonal and structural discrimination. In screening for health issues, clinicians should be sensitive to the needs of sexual minority patients.
Abstract 11395: Small Molecule Antidote for Anticoagulants
Authors: Bryan Laulicht, Sasha Bakhru, Connie Lee, Christopher Baker, Xuan Jiang, Edith Mathiowitz, James Costin, Solomon Steiner
Journal: Circulation (2012)

New generation oral factor Xa and IIa inhibitors offer significant advantages over heparins and warfarin with regards to route of administration, drug interactions and predictability of bioactivity...
Panic response to lactate administration in alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients with panic disorder
Authors: D T George, D J Nutt, R P Waxman, M Linnoila
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

The authors administered lactate to 12 abstinent alcoholics with panic disorder, 10 nonalcoholic patients with panic disorder, and eight control subjects. They found that the alcoholic patients had fewer panic attacks in response to lactate infusion than the nonalcoholic patients. This finding was not attributable to differences in baseline anxiety or the change in plasma chemical values brought about by sodium lactate administration. The authors suggest that there may be subgroups of patients with panic disorder who need further characterization to meaningfully elucidate the pathophysiology of the disorder.
Treatment with bexarotene, a compound that increases apolipoprotein-E, provides no cognitive benefit in mutant APP/PS1 mice
Authors: Katherine D LaClair, Kebreten F Manaye, Dexter L Lee, Joanne S Allard, Alena V Savonenko, Juan C Troncoso, Philip C Wong
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Abstract Background Though the precise cause(s) of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remain unknown, there is strong evidence that decreased clearance of β-amyloid (Aβ) from the brain can contribute to the disease. Therapeutic strategies to promote natural Aβ clearance mechanisms, such as the protein apolipoprotein-E (APOE), hold promise for the treatment of AD. The amount of APOE in the brain is regulated by nuclear receptors including retinoid X receptors (RXRs). Drugs that activate RXRs, including bexarotene, can increase APOE and ABCA1 production, and have been shown to decrease the Aβ burden and improve cognition in mouse models of Aβ amyloidosis. Although recent bexarotene studies failed to replicate the rapid clearance of Aβ from brains, behavioral and cognitive effects of this compound remain controversial. Findings In efforts to clarify these behavioral findings, mutant APP / PS1 mice were acutely dosed with bexarotene. While ABCA1 was upregulated in mutant APP / PS1 mice treated with bexarotene, this drug failed to attenuate Aβ plaques or cognitive deficits in these mice. Conclusions We recommend rigorous preclinical study to evaluate the mechanism and utility of such a compound for AD therapy.
Inhibitory Effect of Glutamic Acid and Aspartic Acid on Calcium Oxalate Crystal Formation
Authors: Kenjiro Kohri, Tohru Umekawa, Mitsumasa Kodama, Yoshikazu Katayama, Yasuaki Ishikawa, Masahiko Takada, Yoshinari Katoh, Kiyonori Kataoka, Masanori Iguchi, Takashi Kurita
Journal: European Urology (1990)
Advances in Echocardiographic Imaging in Heart Failure With Reduced and Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Alaa Mabrouk Salem Omar, Manish Bansal, Partho P. Sengupta
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

Echocardiography, given its safety, easy availability, and the ability to permit a comprehensive assessment of cardiac structure and function, is an indispensable tool in the evaluation and management of patients with heart failure (HF). From initial phenotyping and risk stratification to providing vital data for guiding therapeutic decision-making and monitoring, echocardiography plays a pivotal role in the care of HF patients. The recent advent of multiparametric approaches for myocardial deformation imaging has provided valuable insights in the pathogenesis of HF, elucidating distinct patterns of myocardial dysfunction and events that are associated with progression from subclinical stage to overt HF. At the same time, miniaturization of echocardiography has further expanded clinical application of echocardiography, with the use of pocket cardiac ultrasound as an adjunct to physical examination demonstrated to improve diagnostic accuracy and risk stratification. Furthermore, ongoing advances in the field of big data analytics promise to create an exciting opportunity to operationalize precision medicine as the new approach to healthcare delivery that aims to individualize patient care by integrating data extracted from clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic, and genetic assessments. The present review summarizes the recent advances in the field of echocardiography, with emphasis on their role in HF phenotyping, risk stratification, and optimizing clinical outcomes.
The most vulnerable refugees are not in Europe
Authors: Nikesh Parekh
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Remember the millions of people camped on Syria’s borders

Recent attention to the plight of refugees escaping the war in Syria has focused on those trying to cross the Mediterranean to safety in Europe. But the most deprived refugees, those who don’t have the resources to attempt such a journey, have been forgotten.

European leaders must shift attention back to these millions of refugees stranded in camps close to Syria’s borders. The United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) estimates that about 1.5 million Syrian refugees are in Lebanon, for example, making up a quarter of its population.1 Lebanon is restricting further entry to refugees, but the Syrian conflict remains bloody, with no end in sight.

Lebanon has a “no …
MERS-CoV outbreak following a single patient exposure in an emergency room in South Korea: an epidemiological outbreak study
Authors: Sun Young Cho, Ji-Man Kang, Young Eun Ha, Ga Eun Park, Ji Yeon Lee, Jae-Hoon Ko, Ji Yong Lee, Jong Min Kim, Cheol-In Kang, Ik Joon Jo, Jae Geum Ryu, Jong Rim Choi, Seonwoo Kim, Hee Jae Huh, Chang-Seok Ki, Eun-Suk Kang, Kyong Ran Peck, Hun-Jong Dhong, Jae-Hoon Song, Doo Ryeon Chung, Yae-Jean Kim
Journal: The Lancet (2016)

BackgroundIn 2015, a large outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection occurred following a single patient exposure in an emergency room at the Samsung Medical Center, a tertiary-care hospital in Seoul, South Korea. We aimed to investigate the epidemiology of MERS-CoV outbreak in our hospital.MethodsWe identified all patients and health-care workers who had been in the emergency room with the index case between May 27 and May 29, 2015. Patients were categorised on the basis of their exposure in the emergency room: in the same zone as the index case (group A), in different zones except for overlap at the registration area or the radiology suite (group B), and in different zones (group C). We documented cases of MERS-CoV infection, confirmed by real-time PCR testing of sputum samples. We analysed attack rates, incubation periods of the virus, and risk factors for transmission.Findings675 patients and 218 health-care workers were identified as contacts. MERS-CoV infection was confirmed in 82 individuals (33 patients, eight health-care workers, and 41 visitors). The attack rate was highest in group A (20% [23/117] vs 5% [3/58] in group B vs 1% [4/500] in group C; p<0·0001), and was 2% (5/218) in health-care workers. After excluding nine cases (because of inability to determine the date of symptom onset in six cases and lack of data from three visitors), the median incubation period was 7 days (range 2–17, IQR 5–10). The median incubation period was significantly shorter in group A than in group C (5 days [IQR 4–8] vs 11 days [6–12]; p<0·0001). There were no confirmed cases in patients and visitors who visited the emergency room on May 29 and who were exposed only to potentially contaminated environment without direct contact with the index case. The main risk factor for transmission of MERS-CoV was the location of exposure.InterpretationOur results showed increased transmission potential of MERS-CoV from a single patient in an overcrowded emergency room and provide compelling evidence that health-care facilities worldwide need to be prepared for emerging infectious diseases.FundingNone.
Distinct gene regulatory programs define the inhibitory effects of liver X receptors and PPARG on cancer cell proliferation
Authors: Daniel Savic, Ryne C. Ramaker, Brian S. Roberts, Emma C. Dean, Todd C. Burwell, Sarah K. Meadows, Sara J. Cooper, Michael J. Garabedian, Jason Gertz, Richard M. Myers
Journal: Genome Medicine (2016)

The liver X receptors (LXRs, NR1H2 and NR1H3) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG, NR1C3) nuclear receptor transcription factors (TFs) are master regulators of energy homeostasis. Intriguingly, recent studies suggest that these metabolic regulators also impact tumor cell proliferation. However, a comprehensive temporal molecular characterization of the LXR and PPARG gene regulatory responses in tumor cells is still lacking.To better define the underlying molecular processes governing the genetic control of cellular growth in response to extracellular metabolic signals, we performed a comprehensive, genome-wide characterization of the temporal regulatory cascades mediated by LXR and PPARG signaling in HT29 colorectal cancer cells. For this analysis, we applied a multi-tiered approach that incorporated cellular phenotypic assays, gene expression profiles, chromatin state dynamics, and nuclear receptor binding patterns.Our results illustrate that the activation of both nuclear receptors inhibited cell proliferation and further decreased glutathione levels, consistent with increased cellular oxidative stress. Despite a common metabolic reprogramming, the gene regulatory network programs initiated by these nuclear receptors were widely distinct. PPARG generated a rapid and short-term response while maintaining a gene activator role. By contrast, LXR signaling was prolonged, with initial, predominantly activating functions that transitioned to repressive gene regulatory activities at late time points.Through the use of a multi-tiered strategy that integrated various genomic datasets, our data illustrate that distinct gene regulatory programs elicit common phenotypic effects, highlighting the complexity of the genome. These results further provide a detailed molecular map of metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells through LXR and PPARG activation. As ligand-inducible TFs, these nuclear receptors can potentially serve as attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of various cancers.
Supradiaphragmatic Transposition of Spleen for Portal Hypertension
Authors: M TURUNEN
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Role of PD-1/PD-L1 in Acute and Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease
Authors: Bruce R. Blazar, Roddy S. O'Connor, Michael C. Milone, Michael L. Dustin, James L. Riley, Benjamin G. Vincent, Jonathan S. Serody, Ryan P Flynn, Katelyn Paz, Jing Du, Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Miller Jeffrey, Rafi Ahmed, Laurence A. A. Turka, Gordon J. Freeman, Arlene H. Sharpe, Asim Saha
Journal: Blood (2015)
Efficacy and Safety of Radium-223 Dichloride in Symptomatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients With or Without Baseline Opioid Use From the Phase 3 ALSYMPCA Trial
Authors: Christopher Parker, Steven E. Finkelstein, Jeff M. Michalski, Joe M. O'Sullivan, Øyvind Bruland, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, Robert E. Coleman, Sten Nilsson, Oliver Sartor, Rui Li, Monica A. Seger, David Bottomley
Journal: European Urology (2016)

The phase 3 ALSYMPCA trial enrolled metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with or without baseline opioid use. To assess the efficacy and safety of radium-223 dichloride (radium-223) versus placebo in ALSYMPCA patients by baseline opioid use. Nine hundred and twenty one patients enrolled at 136 centers globally. Radium-223 (50 kBq/kg, intravenous injection) every 4 wk for six cycles or matching placebo, each plus best standard of care. Primary endpoint (overall survival [OS]), main secondary efficacy endpoints, and safety were evaluated by baseline opioid use. Additional analyses included time to first opioid use, time to first external beam radiation therapy for bone pain, and safety of concomitant external beam radiation therapy. At baseline, 408 (44%) patients had no pain and no analgesic use or mild pain with nonopioid therapy (World Health Organization ladder pain score 0–1 [nonopioid subgroup]), and 513 (56%) had moderate pain with occasional opioids or severe pain with regular daily opioids (World Health Organization ladder pain score 2–3 [opioid subgroup]). Radium-223 significantly prolonged OS versus placebo in nonopioid (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52–0.93; p = 0.013) and opioid (HR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.54–0.86; p = 0.001) subgroups, and significantly reduced risk of symptomatic skeletal events versus placebo, regardless of baseline opioid use (nonopioid subgroup: HR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.39–0.82, p = 0.002; opioid subgroup: HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.53–0.98, p = 0.038). Time to first opioid use for bone pain was significantly delayed with radium-223 versus placebo (HR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.46–0.85, p = 0.002). Adverse event incidences were similar between opioid subgroups. Radium-223 versus placebo significantly prolonged OS and reduced symptomatic skeletal event risk with a favorable safety profile in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with symptomatic bone metastases, regardless of baseline opioid use. In this ALSYMPCA opioid subgroup analysis, baseline symptom levels did not appear to impact radium-223 dichloride efficacy or safety.
Tracking risk.
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Additives, contaminants, residues, and natural ingredients are all potentially toxic substances in foods. For additives, threshold values that determine safe levels for daily intake are deduced in the context of risk assessment. Such quantities may be ingested for an entire life span without posing any appreciable health risk. Contaminants are undesirable in any scenario; their threshold values are termed „tolerable intake levels”. Additionally, a final risk assessment is impossible owing to existing gaps in the data; threshold values are therefore often defined only on a preliminary basis. For carcinogenic contaminants, no threshold values can be defined because even minimal doses may have a carcinogenic effect. In such scenarios, the recommendation is to minimise exposure. The tolerable daily intake level applies only to a limited extent to pesticides with an acute high toxicity because these substances can damage health after a single exposure. For such pesticides, the defined threshold value is therefore the acute reference dose. This dose defines the amount of the substance that can be ingested within a day or during one meal without posing any health risk.
Improved Outcomes With Retinoic Acid and Arsenic Trioxide Compared With Retinoic Acid and Chemotherapy in Non–High-Risk Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: Final Results of the Randomized Italian-German APL0406 Trial
Authors: Uwe Platzbecker, Giuseppe Avvisati, Laura Cicconi, Christian Thiede, Francesca Paoloni, Marco Vignetti, Felicetto Ferrara, Mariadomenica Divona, Francesco Albano, Fabio Efficace, Paola Fazi, Marco Sborgia, Eros Di Bona, Massimo Breccia, Erika Borlenghi, Roberto Cairoli, Alessandro Rambaldi, Lorella Melillo, Giorgio La Nasa, Walter Fiedler, Peter Brossart, Bernd Hertenstein, Helmut R. Salih, Mohammed Wattad, Michael Lübbert, Christian H. Brandts, Mathias Hänel, Christoph Röllig, Norbert Schmitz, Hartmut Link, Chiara Frairia, Enrico Maria Pogliani, Claudio Fozza, Alfonso Maria D’Arco, Nicola Di Renzo, Agostino Cortelezzi, Francesco Fabbiano, Konstanze Döhner, Arnold Ganser, Hartmut Döhner, Sergio Amadori, Franco Mandelli, Gerhard Ehninger, Richard F. Schlenk, Francesco Lo-Coco
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

Purpose The initial results of the APL0406 trial showed that the combination of all- trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) is at least not inferior to standard ATRA and chemotherapy (CHT) in first-line therapy of low- or intermediate-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). We herein report the final analysis on the complete series of patients enrolled onto this trial. Patients and Methods The APL0406 study was a prospective, randomized, multicenter, open-label, phase III noninferiority trial. Eligible patients were adults between 18 and 71 years of age with newly diagnosed, low- or intermediate-risk APL (WBC at diagnosis ≤ 10 × 10 9 /L). Overall, 276 patients were randomly assigned to receive ATRA-ATO or ATRA-CHT between October 2007 and January 2013. Results Of 263 patients evaluable for response to induction, 127 (100%) of 127 patients and 132 (97%) of 136 patients achieved complete remission (CR) in the ATRA-ATO and ATRA-CHT arms, respectively ( P = .12). After a median follow-up of 40.6 months, the event-free survival, cumulative incidence of relapse, and overall survival at 50 months for patients in the ATRA-ATO versus ATRA-CHT arms were 97.3% v 80%, 1.9% v 13.9%, and 99.2% v 92.6%, respectively ( P &lt; .001, P = .0013, and P = .0073, respectively). Postinduction events included two relapses and one death in CR in the ATRA-ATO arm and two instances of molecular resistance after third consolidation, 15 relapses, and five deaths in CR in the ATRA-CHT arm. Two patients in the ATRA-CHT arm developed a therapy-related myeloid neoplasm. Conclusion These results show that the advantages of ATRA-ATO over ATRA-CHT increase over time and that there is significantly greater and more sustained antileukemic efficacy of ATO-ATRA compared with ATRA-CHT in low- and intermediate-risk APL.
P-063 Effect of age on treatment effect and tolerability of SIRT when added to mFOLFOX chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) – results from the SIRFLOX study
Authors: G. van Hazel, V. Heinemann, N. Sharma, M. Findlay, J. Ricke, M. Peeters, V. Gebski, M. Van Buskirk, P. Gibbs
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Occupational Exposure to Pesticides and the Incidence of Lung Cancer in the Agricultural Health Study
Authors: Matthew R. Bonner, Laura E. Beane Freeman, Jane A. Hoppin, Stella Koutros, Dale P. Sandler, Charles F. Lynch, Cynthia J. Hines, Kent Thomas, Aaron Blair, Michael C.R. Alavanja
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Occupational pesticide use is associated with lung cancer in some, but not all, epidemiologic studies. In the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), we previously reported positive associations between several pesticides and lung cancer incidence.We evaluated use of 43 pesticides and 654 lung cancer cases after 10 years of additional follow-up in the AHS, a prospective cohort study comprising 57,310 pesticide applicators from Iowa and North Carolina.Information about lifetime pesticide use and other factors was ascertained at enrollment (1993-1997) and updated with a follow-up questionnaire (1999-2005). Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for smoking (smoking status and pack-years), sex, and lifetime days of use of any pesticides.Hazard ratios were elevated in the highest exposure category of lifetime days of use for pendimethalin (1.50; 95% CI: 0.98, 2.31), dieldrin (1.93; 95% CI: 0.70, 5.30), and chlorimuron ethyl (1.74; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.96), although monotonic exposure-response gradients were not evident. The HRs for intensity-weighted lifetime days of use of these pesticides were similar. For parathion, the trend was statistically significant for intensity-weighted lifetime days (p = 0.049) and borderline for lifetime days (p = 0.073). None of the remaining pesticides evaluated was associated with lung cancer incidence.These analyses provide additional evidence for an association between pendimethalin, dieldrin, and parathion use and lung cancer risk. We found an association between chlorimuron ethyl, a herbicide introduced in 1986, and lung cancer that has not been previously reported. Continued follow-up is warranted.