tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study of Ambient Ozone Exposure and Emergency Department Visits for Specific Respiratory Diagnoses in California (2005–2008)
Authors: Brian J. Malig, Dharshani L. Pearson, Yun Brenda Chang, Rachel Broadwin, Rupa Basu, Rochelle S. Green, Bart Ostro
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Studies have explored ozone's connection to asthma and total respiratory emergency department visits (EDVs) but have neglected other specific respiratory diagnoses despite hypotheses relating ozone to respiratory infections and allergic responses.We examined relationships between ozone and EDVs for respiratory visits, including specifically acute respiratory infections (ARI), asthma, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and upper respiratory tract inflammation (URTI).We conducted a multi-site time-stratified case-crossover study of ozone exposures for approximately 3.7 million respiratory EDVs from 2005 through 2008 among California residents living within 20 km of an ozone monitor. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate associations by climate zone. Random effects meta-analysis was then applied to estimate pooled excess risks (ER). Effect modification by season, distance from the monitor and individual demographic characteristics (i.e., age, race/ethnicity, sex, and payment method), and confounding by other gaseous air pollutants were also investigated. Meta-regression was utilized to explore how climate zone-level meteorological, demographic, and regional differences influenced estimates.We observed ozone-associated increases in all respiratory, asthma, and ARI visits, which were slightly larger in the warm season [asthma ER per 10-ppb increase in mean of same and previous 3 days ozone exposure (lag03) = 2.7%, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.9; ARI ERlag03 = 1.4%, 95% CI: 0.8, 1.9]. EDVs for pneumonia, COPD, and URTI were also significantly associated with ozone exposure over the whole year, but typically more consistently so during the warm season.Short-term ozone exposures among California residents living near an ozone monitor were positively associated with EDVs for asthma, ARI, pneumonia, COPD, and URTI from 2005 through 2008. Those associations were typically larger and more consistent during the warm season. Our findings suggest that these outcomes should be considered when evaluating the potential health benefits of reducing ozone concentrations.Malig BJ, Pearson DL, Chang YB, Broadwin R, Basu R, Green RS, Ostro B. 2016. A time-stratified case-crossover study of ambient ozone exposure and emergency department visits for specific respiratory diagnoses in California (2005-2008). Environ Health Perspect 124:745-753; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409495.
Abstract 14599: Long-term Outcomes in Elderly Survivors of Myocardial Infarction With and Without Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Christopher B Fordyce, Tracy Y Wang, Anita Y Chen, Laine Thomas, Christopher B Granger, Benjamin M Scirica, Timothy D Henry, Carolina M Hansen, Kristian Kragholm, Graham C Wong, Krishnan Ramanathan, Eric D Peterson, Monique L Anderson
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: While out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with worse in-hospital outcomes following acute myocardial infarction (MI), post-discharge mortality and health care utilization of elderly patients who survive hospitalization have not been well described. Understanding their long-term prognosis has implications for resource allocation for managing this growing population. Methods: Using linked NCDR ACTION-Registry GWTG and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data, we analyzed 54,860 patients (mean age = 76.6) at 545 US hospitals with MI who survived to hospital discharge between April 2011 to December 2012. After excluding hospice patients (n=1,444), rates of observed 1-year mortality post-discharge were computed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariable Cox models were used to examine the associations between OHCA and mortality or all-cause readmission within 1 year post-discharge. Results: Compared with elderly MI survivors without OHCA (n=54,219), those with OHCA (n=641) were younger, more likely to be male and smokers, but less likely to have diabetes, heart failure, or prior revascularization. OHCA patients presented to the hospital more often with STEMI and cardiogenic shock, and were more likely to experience adverse in-hospital events compared to patients without OCHA. Despite this, OHCA was associated with similar unadjusted (Figure, p=0.17) and adjusted 1-year post-discharge mortality (adjusted HR 0.87, 95% CI, 0.67 - 1.13) and lower combined unadjusted (44.0% vs. 50.0%, p=0.033) or adjusted 1-year mortality or all-cause readmission (adjusted HR 0.83, 95% CI, 0.71 - 0.96). Conclusions: Elderly survivors of MI complicated by OHCA have similar long-term survival and lower rates of healthcare utilization at 1 year post-discharge compared to those without OHCA. These findings support efforts to optimize pre- and intra- hospital processes of care to improve outcomes of elderly OHCA patients.
Overcoming foreign-body reaction through nanotopography: Biocompatibility and immunoisolation properties of a nanofibrous membrane
Authors: Kai Wang, Wen-Da Hou, Xi Wang, Chengsheng Han, Ivan Vuletic, Ni Su, Wen-Xi Zhang, Qiu-Shi Ren, Liangyi Chen, Ying Luo
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)
Clinical Update: Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Cecilia C. Low Wang, Connie N. Hess, William R. Hiatt, Allison B. Goldfine
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Cardiovascular disease remains the principal cause of death and disability among patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus exacerbates mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis and heart failure. Unfortunately, these mechanisms are not adequately modulated by therapeutic strategies focusing solely on optimal glycemic control with currently available drugs or approaches. In the setting of multifactorial risk reduction with statins and other lipid-lowering agents, antihypertensive therapies, and antihyperglycemic treatment strategies, cardiovascular complication rates are falling, yet remain higher for patients with diabetes mellitus than for those without. This review considers the mechanisms, history, controversies, new pharmacological agents, and recent evidence for current guidelines for cardiovascular management in the patient with diabetes mellitus to support evidence-based care in the patient with diabetes mellitus and heart disease outside of the acute care setting.
Zeb2 recruits HDAC–NuRD to inhibit Notch and controls Schwann cell differentiation and remyelination
Authors: Lai Man Natalie Wu, Jincheng Wang, Andrea Conidi, Chuntao Zhao, Haibo Wang, Zachary Ford, Liguo Zhang, Christiane Zweier, Brian G Ayee, Patrice Maurel, An Zwijsen, Jonah R Chan, Michael P Jankowski, Danny Huylebroeck, Q Richard Lu
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2016)
Household Fuel Use and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality
Authors: Sumeet S. Mitter, Rajesh Vedanthan, Farhad Islami, Akram Pourshams, Hooman Khademi, Farin Kamangar, Christian C. Abnet, Sanford M. Dawsey, Paul D. Pharoah, Paul Brennan, Valentin Fuster, Paolo Boffetta, Reza Malekzadeh
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background— Household air pollution is the third largest risk factor for global disease burden, but direct links with cardiovascular disease mortality are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between household fuel use and cardiovascular disease mortality. Methods and Results— The Golestan Cohort Study in northeastern Iran enrolled 50 045 individuals 40 to 75 years of age between 2004 and 2008 and collected data on lifetime household fuel use and other baseline exposures. Participants were followed up through 2012 with a 99% successful follow-up rate. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to calculate hazard ratios for associations between pehen (local dung), wood, kerosene/diesel, or natural gas burning for cooking and heating and all-cause and cause-specific mortality, with adjustment for lifetime exposure to each of these fuels and potential confounders. A total of 3073 participants (6%) died during follow-up; 78% of these deaths were attributable to noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular, oncological, and respiratory illnesses. Adjusted 10-year hazard ratios from kerosene/diesel burning were 1.06 (95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.10) and 1.11 (95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.17) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. Subtype-specific analyses revealed a significant increase in ischemic heart disease (10-year hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.21) and a trend toward cerebrovascular accident (10-year hazard ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.99–1.17) mortality. Stratification by sex revealed a potential signal for increased risk for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among women compared with men, with similar risk for ischemic heart disease mortality. Conclusions— Household exposure to high-pollution fuels was associated with increased risk for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Replicating these results worldwide would support efforts to reduce such exposures.
Comparison of seasonal and nonseasonal affective disorders
Authors: M J Garvey, R Wesner, M Godes
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

Eighteen patients with seasonal affective disorder were compared to 13 patients with recurrent nonseasonal depressions. Seasonal depressions were associated with hypersomnia and carbohydrate craving, and there was a trend for a younger age at onset of seasonal affective disorder.
Ultrastructure of Primary Culture Amnion Cells and Transformed FL Cells in Continuous Culture&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Jørgen Fogh, George A. Edwards
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1959)

Human amnion cells in primary culture and transformed amnion cells (strain FL) in continuous culture differ considerably in morphology when observed in thin sections with the electron microscope. Primary amnion cells are characterized by organized layers of organelles and bands of fine filaments in the cytoplasmic matrix. FL cells of young cultures contain uniform, small free vesicles within multivesicular bodies, hypertrophied Golgi complex, large mitochondria, and abundant ergastoplasm. FL cells of older cultures contain a cytoplasm abundantly filled with small mitochondria, unorganized endoplasmic reticulum, and dispersed Golgi zones. While multivesicular bodies are rare in older cultures, isolated, dense, membrane-limited particles, and concentric-membraned vesicular bodies, of several different morphologic types, are commonly observed in the cytoplasm and at the cell border. The multivesicular bodies could be either cellular reactions related to the malignancy factors of the FL cells or normal cellular components related to rapid growth. The membrane-limited particles of the older FL cultures are most logically assumed to be related to the transformation of normal human amnion cells into malignant cells.
(14) Angio-oedema—? acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
Authors: M.J. Cheesbrough, P.D.C. Kinmont
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Journal Article (14) Angio‐oedema—? acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency Get access M.J. Cheesbrough, M.J. Cheesbrough General Hospital, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.D.C. Kinmont P.D.C. Kinmont General Hospital, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 99, Issue s16, 1 December 1978, Page 39, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb15236.x Published: 01 December 1978
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-carrying and -expressing T-cell lines established from severe chronic active EBV infection
Authors: S Imai, M Sugiura, O Oikawa, S Koizumi, M Hirao, H Kimura, H Hayashibara, N Terai, H Tsutsumi, T Oda, S Chiba, T Osato
Journal: Blood (1996)
Inhibition of Chemiluminescent Response of Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes by Hyperosmolality Comparable to Renal Medulla and Preservation by Ofloxacin
Authors: T Matsumoto, K Takahashi, Y Mizunoe, N Ogata, M Tanaka, J Kumazawa, M Nozaki, P van der Auwera
Journal: European Urology (1991)
miR-196b Is Epigenetically Silenced during the Premalignant Stage of Lung Carcinogenesis
Authors: Carmen S. Tellez, Daniel E. Juri, Kieu Do, Maria A. Picchi, Teresa Wang, Gang Liu, Avrum Spira, Steven A. Belinsky
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract miRNA silencing by promoter hypermethylation may represent a mechanism by which lung cancer develops and progresses, but the miRNAs involved during malignant transformation are unknown. We previously established a model of premalignant lung cancer wherein we treated human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) with low doses of tobacco carcinogens. Here, we demonstrate that next-generation sequencing of carcinogen-transformed HBECs treated with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2′deoxycytidine revealed miR-196b and miR-34c-5p to be epigenetic targets. Bisulfite sequencing confirmed dense promoter hypermethylation indicative of silencing in multiple malignant cell lines and primary tumors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies further demonstrated an enrichment in repressive histone marks on the miR-196b promoter during HBEC transformation. Restoration of miR-196b expression by transfecting transformed HBECs with specific mimics led to cell-cycle arrest mediated in part through transcriptional regulation of the FOS oncogene, and miR-196b reexpression also significantly reduced the growth of tumor xenografts. Luciferase assays demonstrated that forced expression of miR-196b inhibited the FOS promoter and AP-1 reporter activity. Finally, a case–control study revealed that methylation of miR-196b in sputum was strongly associated with lung cancer (OR = 4.7, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Collectively, these studies highlight miR-196b as a tumor suppressor whose silencing early in lung carcinogenesis may provide a selective growth advantage to premalignant cells. Targeted delivery of miR-196b could therefore serve as a preventive or therapeutic strategy for the management of lung cancer. Cancer Res; 76(16); 4741–51. ©2016 AACR.
Fitness Memberships and Favorable Selection in Medicare Advantage Plans
Authors: Karen Ignagni
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

In reply to Johnson: after taking into account the subjects who were assigned to treatment but did not receive a study drug, the overall frequency of discontinuation was 27.3% in the isoniazid-only group and 13.0% in the combination-therapy group.The difference between the two groups in permanent drug discontinuation owing to adverse events was small, but this outcome is an important measure of drug tolerability.The reasons for drug discontinuation other than adverse events are shown in Figure 1 in the Supplementary Appendix of our article (available at NEJM.org) and are summarized in Table 1.
DSM-III as a research tool
Authors: C Treece
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

The author describes the use of the DSM-III's diagnostic criteria and classification system as a research instrument and discusses some of the advantages and drawbacks of DMS-III for a specific type of study. A rearrangement of the hierarchical order of the DSM-III diagnostic classes is suggested. This rearrangement provides for levels of certainty in analyzing interrater reliability and offers a simplified framework for summarizing group data. When this approach is combined with a structured interview and response format, it provides a flexible way of managing a large classification system for a smaller study without sacrificing standardization.
PNR-10MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF PEDIATRIC GLIONEURONAL TUMOR WITH NEUROPIL-LIKE ISLANDS: A GENOME-WIDE COPY NUMBER ANALYSIS
Authors: Laura Giunti, Anna Maria Buccoliero, Marilena Pantaleo, Silvia Guarducci, Maurizio Lucchesi, Viviana Palazzo, Milena Guidi, Lorenzo Genitori, Sabrina Giglio, Iacopo Sardi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Pharmacogenetics: An Approach to Understanding Chemical and Biologic Aspects of Cancer
Authors: D W Nebert
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Journal Article Pharmacogenetics: An Approach to Understanding Chemical and Biologic Aspects of Cancer Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 64, Issue 6, June 1980, Pages 1279–1290, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/64.6.1279 Published: 01 June 1980 Article history Received: 12 October 1979 Published: 01 June 1980
Accurate Classification Of GCB/ABC and MYC/BCL2 Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma With a 14 Genes Expression Signature and a Simple and Robust RT-MLPA Assay
Authors: Philippe Ruminy, Sylvain Mareschal, Cristina Bagacean, Vinciane Rainville, Karen Leroy, Jean-Philippe Jais, Hugo Varet, Martin Figeac, jean Michel Picquenot, Herve Tilly, Fabrice Jardin
Journal: Blood (2013)
Soundings: I'm a believer
Authors: Liam Farrell
Journal: BMJ (2002)

“Once a man stops believing in God,” said G K Chesterton, “he doesn't believe in nothing, he believes in anything.” Yeah right, I thought, what would he know? But the Road to Damascus can come in unlikely forms. Being a cynic is not something I'm proud of, as if it's a skill I've refined through years of cold and impeccably logical reasoning. It's more of a physical trait, like my height and baldness and poor eyesight and incredible sexual potency. If I can't actually put my fingers in the wounds, I don't believe. Faith and intellect are uneasy bedfellows; faith hogs the blankets and the hot water bottle, intellect doesn't want to use condoms etc. But lately I've been having serious doubts and it's all because of bendrofluazide.

I've been using bendrofluazide since I qualified 20 years ago. Around that time there were mega studies coming out on the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension, with about a zillion patients in each trial, all of which proved the efficacy of bendrofluazide in the prevention of stroke and heart disease.

But I've never put my fingers in these wounds, because bendrofluazide never seems to work. I can't remember the last time it actually brought anyone's blood pressure down, and I always end up having to add in something newer, more expensive, and less academically correct, as well as something to correct the side effects.

So the things that I read are perhaps more real to me than the things that I experience; statistics are the substance, reality is only the shadow. In my own way I must believe as firmly as any religious fanatic in the superior reality of things that are not seen.

But then some of the best things in life are not seen. I have no visible proof of the many children I've saved from serious illness by vaccinating them, nor the many patients who haven't had an infarct or a stroke because I've been prescribing them aspirin.

And here I am, still hopelessly in love, still crazy after all these years, still starting patients on bendrofluazide, still desperately wanting to believe, although the sphygmomanometer dial resolutely refuses to budge. The statistics from all those years ago weigh heavier than all those same years of ineffectual treatment; love sees not with the eyes but with the mind . . .
HG-89DEVELOPMENT OF A CHILDHOOD CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BIOREPOSITORY
Authors: Heloisa Moser, Madhuri Kambhampati, Jamila Gittens, Cheng-Ying Ho, Sridevi Yadavilli, Eshini Panditharatna, Mojca Stampar, Sulgi Lee, Michael Lin, Angana Nanavaty, Lindsay Kilburn, Eugene Hwang, Brian Rood, Roger Packer, Javad Nazarian
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Multimedia: Desperately Seeking Solutions: Rationing Health Care
Authors: David Price
Journal: BMJ (1999)

David J Hunter


Addison Wesley Longman, £14.99, pp 176 




ISBN 0 582 28923 8

———————

Rating: ★

Healthcare rationing, according to Professor Hunter’s summary of the rationing debate, is inevitable and, since the case of “Child B,” which exploded the myth that the NHS would pay for any treatment, we all know that it is inevitable. However, rationing is difficult to justify, he says, because society is not yet ready for clear rules about when to deny medical care to people in need of it. The “hard-nosed rational rationers,” the ones who seek general principles, may be pursuing an “intellectually irrefutable case,” but life is too complex for their explicit approach. Far better, he says, to sustain the irrationality of implicit rationing in the clinical relationship while at the same time insisting that doctors stop acting as patient advocates. If anybody asks, let doctors do the explaining. In other words, give rationing the cloak of medical respectability.

But the Child B case did not explode any myths. On the contrary, the health authority called it a decision made in the best interests of the child. The rationers’ case is intellectually refutable because no single deductive principle can govern medical decision making, and it is a mistake to suppose otherwise. Reasoning on a case by case basis is not irrational, it is about deciding what to do for the good of the patient. The American experience of litigation over managed care provides ample evidence of the pitfalls of confounding health care with corporate resource management. And there is much more to be said about the reopened anti-NHS argument of the 1940s, the “insatiable demand” argument, which predicted (inaccurately) that a service free at the point of need would be swamped. For example, Hunter’s historical account fails to consider the huge surge in private healthcare investment since the mid-1980s. Curtailing a comprehensive service in this context has the effect of making room for private enterprise.

In Hunter’s account there are no right answers; the object is to rationalise decisions already made, and it is acceptable to leave open to question whether a person in need of medical care should receive it. This should be hard to swallow for a profession dedicated to different ends and involved in actions which have real and pressing consequences.
BILATERAL ADRENALECTOMY FOR CUSHING'S SYNDROME
Authors: W Singh, R S Sethi, Y P Malhotra
Journal: JAMA (1953)

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