tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Precision Medicine in Diabetes: Is It Time?
Authors: Jose C. Florez
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

Diabetes is a heterogenous disease. Its very definition, anchored by thresholds for hyperglycemia, rests on the final common event on which disparate pathological processes converge. Although the traditional classification into type 1 and type 2 diabetes has proven useful in differentiating distinct pathophysiological mechanisms with clear therapeutic implications, it remains insufficient in explaining the wide variety of clinical manifestations of this disease. For example, we see lean members of specific ethnic groups with antibody-negative, nonketotic diabetes; we treat patients with childhood-onset, antibody-positive diabetes who become insulin resistant as they age; we do not fully understand why some patients progress rapidly to microvascular and/or macrovascular complications or require aggressive escalation of therapy; and we cannot predict the rate of β-cell failure, the degree of weight loss required to normalize glycemia, or the type of medication best suited for a given patient. Attempts at capturing greater granularity have resulted in the creation of new entities, such as latent autoimmune diabetes in the adult to describe autoimmune diabetes with onset after age 30 (1), and ketosis-prone diabetes to describe antibody-negative diabetes with a ketotic onset but only transient insulin requirements (2,3); however, absent a full understanding of the mechanism and its implications, these subtypes emerge mired in controversy or fail to penetrate clinical care (4,5).

Evidently, despite extensive epidemiological and physiological characterization, we have fallen short in cataloging risk factors, identifying triggering events, elucidating pathophysiological pathways, outlining prognostic course, selecting effective therapies, and predicting complications. Specific patients continue to represent diagnostic challenges, and our approach to therapy continues to be based on population averages. Recent thoughtful attempts at tailoring type 2 diabetes therapy to individual patients have focused on personal, social, and economic considerations rather than on a lucid molecular understanding of the underlying disease process (6). …
AB0105 The Relationship Between Body Composition and Structural Damage on MRI in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: N. Bensaoud, S. Rostom, H. Tazi Lachhab, D. Khnaba, L. Bouhouche, R. Bahiri, N. Hajjaj-Hassouni
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Obesity is a major risk factor for osteoarthritis of the knee. However, the fat and muscle have different effects on the pathogenesis of the disease. <h3>Objectives</h3> The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between body composition and knee structure especially cartilage defects, osteophytes and bone marrow lesions (BMLS). <h3>Methods</h3> This is a cross-sectional study including patients with primary knee OA. Demographics, clinical and laboratory characteristics for the disease were collected. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the dominant knee. The results were interpreted according to WORMS system [1] (whole organ magnetic resonance imaging score). The body composition was measured using DEXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry). The regression was used to assess the association of body mass (fat mass and musculoskeletal mass) with MRI data in particular: cartilage defects, osteophytes and BMLs. <h3>Results</h3> Twenty patients with osteoarthritis of the knee were included in the study, 85% were female. The mean age was 59.3±10.3 years. The patients had a mean body mass index 30.1±4.7 kg/ m<sup>2</sup>. The functional discomfort of patients assessed by the WOMAC averaged 38.3±11.3. The mean of total fat mass was 32.6±10.8 kg. The mean of musculoskeletal mass was 15.8±2.5 kg. The fat mass was associated with increased cartilage defects in univariate analysis (p=0.04). However, musculoskeletal mass was not significantly associated with cartilage defects or osteophytes or BMLs. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study suggests that there is an association between fat mass and increased cartilage defects, however we do not find an association between body composition in particular musculoskeletal mass and knee injuries in OA. Further studies are needed to confirm these results. <h3>References</h3> OsteoArthritis and Cartilage (2004) 12, 177–190 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Transplantation of Marrow Cells From Unrelated Donors for Treatment of High-Risk Acute Leukemia: The Effect of Leukemic Burden, Donor HLA-Matching, and Marrow Cell Dose
Authors: Jorge Sierra, Barry Storer, John A. Hansen, Jean W. Bjerke, Paul J. Martin, Effie W. Petersdorf, Frederick R. Appelbaum, Eileen Bryant, Thomas R. Chauncey, George Sale, Jean E. Sanders, Rainer Storb, Keith M. Sullivan, Claudio Anasetti
Journal: Blood (1997)
Updated results from a dose and schedule study of Panitumumab (ABX-EGF) monotherapy, in patients with advanced solid malignancies
Authors: L. M. Weiner, A. Belldegrun, E. Rowinsky, J. Crawford, P. Lockbaum, S. Huang, R. Arends, G. Schwab, R. Figlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

3059 Background: Panitumumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr). This open-label, multiple-infusion, dose-escalation trial evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and antitumor activity of panitumumab in advanced solid tumor patients. Methods: Sequential cohorts of patients were enrolled to receive four infusions at different dose levels and schedules of panitumumab monotherapy ranging from 0.01 to 5.0 mg/kg once per week (QW), 6.0 mg/kg once every 2 weeks (Q2W) or 9.0 mg/kg once every 3 weeks (Q3W) administered IV over one hour without premedication. Patients were prescreened for EGFr expression and had to have at least 1+ expression in ≥10% of tumor cells. Stable or responding patients were eligible for extended panitumumab treatment on a separate protocol for six additional months or until disease progression. Patients had to have acceptable organ function, and may have received prior systemic anti-tumor therapy. Preliminary results are presented below. Results: Ninety-six patients (72 [75%] men) were treated with panitumumab. The mean age was 60.4 yrs (range 32–79). Tumor types included 39 colorectal (CRC), 14 lung, 3 pancreatic, 21 prostate, 15 renal, 3 esophageal/gastrosophageal, and 1 anal cancer. The incidence of skin-related toxicities was dose dependent and plateaued at >2.0 mg/kg QW. Grade 3 or 4 related adverse events were noted in 10% of patients with grade 3 skin-related toxicities being the most frequent (7% of patients). No MTD was reached. No human anti-human antibody formation or infusion related reactions were observed. PK exposure was similar between 2.5 mg/kg QW, 6 mg/kg Q2W and 9 mg/kg Q3W. By investigator assessment, 5 confirmed partial responses (WHO) (12.8% RR, 5/39 CRC patients), 1 minor PSA response, and 18 patients with stable disease were observed. Conclusions: Panitumumab is generally well tolerated. The exposure and tolerability profile is comparable between QW, Q2W, and Q3W schedules. Panitumumab has single agent anti-tumor activity in solid tumors, most notably in subjects with advanced CRC. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Abgenix, Amgen
Studies on the Infectivity of the Mouse Mammary Tumor Agent&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Howard B. Andervont
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1950)

Journal Article Studies on the Infectivity of the Mouse Mammary Tumor Agent Get access Howard B. Andervont Howard B. Andervont National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 11, Issue 3, December 1950, Pages 545–553, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/11.3.545 Published: 01 December 1950 Article history Received: 19 October 1950 Published: 01 December 1950
Perioperative chemotherapy with oxaliplatin/5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (FOLFOX7) for locally advanced gastric cancer: Final results of a prospective multicenter phase II study (BJSA-01) with 2 years follow-up.
Authors: J. Ji, A. Wu, Z. Li, Y. Liu, R. Li, Z. Zhang, S. Wang, Y. Ye, F. Li
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

4021 Background: Surgery alone has been proven inadequate to treat gastric carcinoma, which made combined therapy indispensable. This study is to investigate potential role of perioperative chemotherapy and its long-term outcome. Methods: The objective is safety and efficacy of FOLFOX7 regimen (oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 iv 2 hr d1; lecovorin 400 mg/m2 iv 2 hr d1; 5-fluorouracil 2,400 mg/m2 civ 46 hr, repeated every two weeks) as perioperative treatment for gastric carcinoma. Eligible patients will be randomly assigned to group A who will receive 2-6 cycles of preoperative chemotherapy followed by operation and adjuvant chemotherapy, and group B who will undergo surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. The pathologic/radiologic response rate and safety profile will be evaluated by JCOG method, RECIST criteria and CTC AE v 3.0. Results: 181 patients were enrolled between April 2005 and October 2007 and 131 cases was accessible for analysis. There were 94 males and 37 females, with median age 59 (25-84) years. There were no statistical significant difference in patients’ characteristics between two groups (group A: n = 48, group B: n = 83). There were 2 CR, 21 PR, 25 SD, and no PD. The response rate (RR) was 47.9% (pCR: 6.25%, 3/48). 120 patients underwent curative resection. Grade 3/4 side effects of chemotherapy were nausea/vomiting (6%), Leucopenia/neutropenia (3%), thrombocytopenia (2%), peripheral neuropathy (1%), mucositis (1%), liver dysfunction (1%). The 2 year overall survival rate were 85.25% (median time of follow-up: 25 months) and no difference was found with or without preoperative chemotherapy till now (65.1% vs. 78.2%, p > 0.05). Conclusions: The data demonstrates that preoperative chemotherapy with mFOLFOX7 provides effective tumor control for locally advanced gastric carcinoma with acceptable side effects. However, the survival benefit was not shown with two years follow-up. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The Incidence of Mammary Tumors in Mice of Strain C3H and in Descendants of Fostered Strain C
Authors: Howard B. Andervont
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1949)

The Incidence of Mammary Tumors in Mice of Strain C3H and in Descendants of Fostered Strain C Get access Howard B. Andervont Howard B. Andervont National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 10, Issue 1, August 1949, Pages 193–200, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/10.1.193 Published: 01 August 1949 Article history Received: 16 June 1949 Published: 01 August 1949
Detection of an artifact on lumbar SPECT.
Authors: GRETA LANGE, A. VAN NIEKERK, B. MEYER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pretoria Academic Hospital, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa Received for publication July 10, 2000. Accepted October 5, 2000. Reprint requests: Dr. G. Lange, 470 Albert Street, Waterkloof 0181, Republic of South Africa. E-mail: [email protected]
BCG and Cancer
Authors: Robert C. Bast, Berton Zbar, Tibor Borsos, Herbert J. Rapp
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

CLINICAL evaluation of BCG for the treatment of cancer is under way in at least 50 centers throughout the world. Use of BCG in such cases has been encouraged by work with animal tumors indicating that BCG treatment can modify the action of carcinogens, prevent growth of tumor transplants and eliminate established tumors. In some reports BCG has not been effective or has even enhanced tumor growth. Sufficient data are now available to identify at least some of the factors that contribute to the success or failure of BCG immunotherapy.BCG was originally isolated by Calmette and Guérin at the . . .
PWE-150 Treatment of oesophageal adenocarcinoma-what is the ideal? results from a survey of augis and anzgosa members
Authors: G Couper, S Paterson-Brown, M Smithers
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Clear evidence exists for a survival benefit from both preoperative chemotherapy (pCT) and chemoradiotherapy (pCRT) in selected patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Due to national and international disagreement on the optimal preoperative treatment we performed a survey of the opinions among experienced oesophagogastric surgeons. <h3>Method</h3> 12 questions were posted on Survey Monkey and sent electronically to all members of AUGIS (Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland) and ANZGOSA (Australia and New Zealand Gastro-Oesophageal Surgeons Association). Replies were analysed at 30 days. Significance was calculated using Fisher’s exact test. <h3>Results</h3> There were 74 responses. No members of ANZGOSA worked in units performing &gt;60 oesophagectomies per year compared to 50% of AUGIS members (P= &lt;0.0001). A 2-field lymphadenectomy was routinely performed by 77% of AUGIS members and 47% of ANZGOSA members (P = 0.0142). No significant differences existed between both groups with respect to the recommended treatment of node-negative tumours irrespective of T stage. For both groups pCT was the preferred treatment option for T3N0 lesions (57% ANZGOSA and 58% AUGIS). This did not change for T3N1/2 lesions in the AUGIS group but the percentage of ANZGOSA members recommending pCT fell from 57% to 35% (P = 0.0924) with pCRT the favoured treatment option. No agreement existed on how best to treat T3N3 lesions. 85% of ANZGOSA members felt less restricted to the options for therapy compared with 57% of AUGIS members (P = 0.0231). The inability to offer pCRT in selected cases was the main restriction stated by 37% of AUGIS members compared to 0% in ANZGOSA (P = 0.0004). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This survey reveals evidence of centralisation within the UK compared to Australasia but with more restricted treatment options. UK surgeons adopt a more radical surgical approach but a less aggressive oncological approach than ANZGOSA members. The treatment of T3N3 disease remains an unresolved problem. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
SAT0057 The Conversion Rate of Tubercolosis Screening Tests During Biological Therapies in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: G. Cuomo, V. D'Abrosca, B. Russo, G. Valentini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Screening for active tubercolosis (TB) and latent TB and latent TB infection (LTBI) is mandatory to the initiation of any biological therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or spondylarthritis. Hatzara et al (1), have recently reported the rate of TB screening test conversion during anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy in rheumatic patients with negative baseline screening. No data are available on the topic in rheumatic patients undergoing biological treatment with different drugs. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the rate of TB test conversion in RA patients undergoing distinct biological therapies: anti-TNF, tocilizumab, abatacept. <h3>Methods</h3> Files from 190 RA patients treated with different biological agents were retrospectively analysed. Patients with negative baseline TB screening (tuberculin skin test: &lt;5 mm –TST and quantiferon TB gold in tube –QFT-GIT; chest x-ray) and with re-screening for TB assay 1 year later were considered. <h3>Results</h3> One hundred and sixty-five patients (mean age 55.3±9.8; median 55 years, range: 28-78; 148 female) with TB screening negative at baseline were investigated. One hundred and twelve (67.9%) patients had been treated with an anti-TNF agent (38 with adalimumab; 16 with certolizumab pegol; 35 with etanercept; 18 with golimumab; 5 with infliximab), 25 (15.1%) with abatacept and 28 (17%) patients with tocilizumab. After 12 months, 43 patients (26%) displayed a conversion of at least one screening assay (conversion of TST and/or QFT-GIT). Out of them, 1 patient had been treated with abatacept, 1 with tocilizumab and 41 with an anti-TNF agent. The incidence of TB test conversion was significantky lower in RA patients treated with abatacept or tocilizumab with respect to that detected in RA patients treated with TNF inhibitors (log rank test p&lt;0.0001). Nevertheless, no patient developed an active TB. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The present study points out a lower incidence of TB test conversion in patients treated with either abatacept or tocilizumab with respect to those treated with any anti-TNF α agent. <h3>References</h3> Hatzara C. et al; Ann Rheum Dis, 2014. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
CSF monoamine levels in normal-weight bulimia: evidence for abnormal noradrenergic activity
Authors: W H Kaye, J C Ballenger, R B Lydiard, G W Stuart, M T Laraia, P O'Neil, M D Fossey, V Stevens, S Lesser, G Hsu
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

Normal-weight bulimic patients have disturbed appetite, mood, and neuroendocrine function and often respond to antidepressants. Since these findings suggest abnormalities in brain monoaminergic pathways, the authors measured CSF monoamine concentrations in 27 normal-weight bulimic patients and 14 volunteers. Bulimic patients had a significantly lower mean CSF norepinephrine concentration. Levels of CSF 5-HIAA, the major serotonin metabolite, and CSF HVA, the major dopamine metabolite, were normal, although more frequent binge-eating in bulimic subjects was associated with a significantly lower CSF HVA level. Whether trait- or state-related, monoaminergic disturbances are part of this disorder's neurobiological syndrome. The lower CSF norepinephrine concentration suggests bulimia is not simply a variant of affective disorders.
Epigenome-Wide Assessment of DNA Methylation in the Placenta and Arsenic Exposure in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (USA)
Authors: Benjamin B. Green, Margaret R. Karagas, Tracy Punshon, Brian P. Jackson, David J. Robbins, E. Andres Houseman, Carmen J. Marsit
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Arsenic is one of the most commonly encountered environmental toxicants, and research from model systems has suggested that one mode of its toxic activity may be through alterations in DNA methylation. In utero exposure to arsenic can affect fetal, newborn, and infant health, resulting in a range of phenotypic outcomes.This study examined variation in placental DNA methylation and its relationship to arsenic exposure in 343 individuals enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study.Linear regression models using a reference-free correction to account for cellular composition were employed to determine CpG loci affected by arsenic levels.Total arsenic measured in maternal urine during the second trimester was not associated with methylation in the placenta, whereas arsenic levels quantified through maternal toenail collected at birth were associated with methylation at a single CpG locus (p = 4.1 × 10-8). Placenta arsenic levels were associated with 163 differentially methylated loci (false discovery rate < 0.05), with 11 probes within the LYRM2 gene reaching genome-wide significance (p < 10-8). Measurement of LYRM2 mRNA levels indicated that methylation was weakly to moderately correlated with expression (r = 0.15, p < 0.06). In addition, we identified pathways suggesting changes in placental cell subpopulation proportions associated with arsenic exposure.These data demonstrate the potential for arsenic, even at levels commonly experienced in a U.S. population, to have effects on the DNA methylation status of specific genes in the placenta and thus supports a potentially novel mechanism for arsenic to affect long-term children's health.Green BB, Karagas MR, Punshon T, Jackson BP, Robbins DJ, Houseman EA, Marsit CJ. 2016. Epigenome-wide assessment of DNA methylation in the placenta and arsenic exposure in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (USA). Environ Health Perspect 124:1253-1260; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510437.
Social Science Collaboration with Environmental Health
Authors: Elizabeth Hoover, Mia Renauld, Michael R. Edelstein, Phil Brown
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Social science research has been central in documenting and analyzing community discovery of environmental exposure and consequential processes. Collaboration with environmental health science through team projects has advanced and improved our understanding of environmental health and justice. We sought to identify diverse methods and topics in which social scientists have expanded environmental health understandings at multiple levels, to examine how transdisciplinary environmental health research fosters better science, and to learn how these partnerships have been able to flourish because of the support from National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). We analyzed various types of social science research to investigate how social science contributes to environmental health. We also examined NIEHS programs that foster social science. In addition, we developed a case study of a community-based participation research project in Akwesasne in order to demonstrate how social science has enhanced environmental health science. Social science has informed environmental health science through ethnographic studies of contaminated communities, analysis of spatial distribution of environmental injustice, psychological experience of contamination, social construction of risk and risk perception, and social impacts of disasters. Social science-environmental health team science has altered the way scientists traditionally explore exposure by pressing for cumulative exposure approaches and providing research data for policy applications. A transdisciplinary approach for environmental health practice has emerged that engages the social sciences to paint a full picture of the consequences of contamination so that policy makers, regulators, public health officials, and other stakeholders can better ameliorate impacts and prevent future exposure. Hoover E, Renauld M, Edelstein MR, Brown P. 2015. Social science collaboration with environmental health. Environ Health Perspect 123:1100-1106; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409283.
Telemedicine in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: D J Heatley, G D Bell
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

In the paper on tele-endoscopy by Rabenstein et al. published in the September 2002 issue of Endoscopy [1], the authors present their view that tele-endoscopy (i. e., conveying video endoscopy images over a network for the purposes of diagnosis from a remote location) is feasible only with high-end picture coding/compression schemes - such as Moving Pictures Experts Group 2 (MPEG2) or Motion Joint Photographic Experts Group (MJPEG) - which require high-capacity transmission routes, such as asynchronous transfer mode (ATM). They claim that it is not feasible with simpler picture-coding schemes that are tailored to low-capacity routes, such as those provided by the public telephone network, such as the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN).