tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgery for Intermediate and Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Consensus Report from the 5th Asia-Pacific Primary Liver Cancer Expert Meeting (APPLE 2014)
Authors: Ming-Chih Ho, Kiyoshi Hasegawa, Xiao-Ping Chen, Hiroaki Nagano, Young-Joo Lee, Gar-Yang Chau, Jian Zhou, Chih-Chi Wang, Young Rok Choi, Ronnie Tung-Ping Poon, Norihiro Kokudo
Journal: Liver Cancer (2016)

The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging and treatment strategy does not recommended surgery for treating BCLC stage B and C hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, numerous Asia-Pacific institutes still perform surgery for this patient group. This consensus report from the 5th Asia-Pacific Primary Liver Cancer Expert Meeting aimed to share opinions and experiences pertaining to liver resection for intermediate and advanced HCCs and to provide evidence to issue recommendations for surgery in this patient group.Thirteen experts from five Asia-Pacific regions were invited to the meeting; 10 of them (Japan: 2, Taiwan: 3, South Korea: 2, Hong Kong: 1, and China: 2) voted for the final consensus. The discussion focused on evaluating the preoperative liver functional reserve and surgery for large tumors, multiple tumors, HCCs with vascular invasion, and HCCs with distant metastasis. The feasibility of future prospective randomized trials comparing surgery with transarterial chemoembolization for intermediate HCC and with sorafenib for advanced HCC was also discussed. The Child-Pugh score (9/10 experts) and indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min (8/10) were the most widely accepted methods for evaluating the preoperative liver functional reserve. All (10/10) experts agreed that portal hypertension, tumor size >5 cm, portal venous invasion, hepatic venous invasion, and extrahepatic metastasis are not absolute contraindications for the surgical resection of HCC. Furthermore, 9 of the 10 experts agreed that tumor resection may be performed for patients with >3 tumors. The limitations of surgery are associated with a poor liver functional reserve, incomplete tumor resection, and a high probability of recurrence.Surgery provides significant survival benefits for Asian-Pacific patients with intermediate and advanced HCCs, particularly when the liver functional reserve is favorable. However, prospective randomized controlled trials are difficult to conduct because of technical and ethical considerations.
IRAKM‐Mincle axis links cell death to inflammation: Pathophysiological implications for chronic alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Hao Zhou, Minjia Yu, Junjie Zhao, Bradley N. Martin, Sanjoy Roychowdhury, Megan R. McMullen, Emily Wang, Paul L. Fox, Sho Yamasaki, Laura E. Nagy, Xiaoxia Li
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in hepatic macrophages and injury to hepatocytes are major contributors to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. However, the mechanisms by which TLR-dependent inflammatory responses and alcohol-induced hepatocellular damage coordinately lead to alcoholic liver disease are not completely understood. In this study, we found that mice deficient in interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase M (IRAKM), a proximal TLR pathway molecule typically associated with inhibition of TLR signaling, were actually protected from chronic ethanol-induced liver injury. In bone marrow-derived macrophages challenged with low concentrations of LPS, which reflect the relevant pathophysiological levels of LPS in both alcoholic patients and ethanol-fed mice, the IRAKM Myddosome was preferentially formed. Further, the IRAKM Myddosome mediated the up-regulation of Mincle, a sensor for cell death. Mincle-deficient mice were also protected from ethanol-induced liver injury. The endogenous Mincle ligand spliceosome-associated protein 130 (SAP130) is a danger signal released by damaged cells; culture of hepatocytes with ethanol increased the release of SAP130. Ex vivo studies in bone marrow-derived macrophages suggested that SAP130 and LPS synergistically activated inflammatory responses, including inflammasome activation.This study reveals a novel IRAKM-Mincle axis that contributes to the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced liver injury. (Hepatology 2016;64:1978-1993).
Spp1 (Osteopntin) Is Essential for the Early Niche Formation in the Bone Marrow.
Authors: Takuo Mizukami, Isao Hamaguchi, Madoka Kuramitsu, Haruka Momose, Kazuya Takizawa, Seiji Okada, Toshiaki Noce, Kazunari Yamaguchi
Journal: Blood (2006)
Dextran-poly lactide- co -glycolide polymersomes decorated with folate-antennae for targeted delivery of docetaxel to breast adenocarcinima in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Mona Alibolandi, Khalil Abnous, Farzin Hadizadeh, Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi, Fatemeh Alabdollah, Marzieh Mohammadi, Hooriyeh Nassirli, Mohammad Ramezani
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2016)
Screening out irrelevant cell-based models of disease
Authors: Peter Horvath, Nathalie Aulner, Marc Bickle, Anthony M. Davies, Elaine Del Nery, Daniel Ebner, Maria C. Montoya, Päivi Östling, Vilja Pietiäinen, Leo S. Price, Spencer L. Shorte, Gerardo Turcatti, Carina von Schantz, Neil O. Carragher
Journal: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2016)
P1-143: Surgical Resection for Oral Tongue Cancer Pulmonary Metastases, a Good Choice?
Authors: Takahiro Mochizuki, Sakae Okumura, Junji Yoshida, Genichiro Ishii, Yuichi Ishikawa, Ryuichi Hayashi, Kazuyoshi Kawabata, Ken Nakagawa, Kanji Nagai
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
P3-232: Correlation of CD44, VEGF-C and COX-2 with clinicopathologic parameters and clinical outcomes
Authors: Yoon Ho Ko, Soon Ja Im, Jeong Oh Kim, Jae Ho Byun, Chan Kwon Jung, Myung Ah Lee, Yeong Seon Hong, Jae Kil Park, Young Pil Wang, Jin Hyoung Kang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Endoscopic treatment of a choledochocele
Authors: Adrian Culetto, Pablo Miranda-Garcia, Juan Tellechea, Jean-Michel Gonzalez, Marc Barthet
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

Choledochal cysts are bile duct anomalies that range from dilatation of the main bile duct to dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts (Caroli disease). The choledochocele is a cystic dilatation of the intraduodenal portion of the bile duct, and is designated type III in the Todani classification [1]; it represents less than 5 % of all choledochal cysts. When the choledochocele is symptomatic, the incidence of carcinoma is estimated to be 2.5 % and this risk increases with age [2]. Treatment by a single endoscopic sphincterotomy does not remove the risk of malignancy.
Use of IL15 Stimulated, CD3/19 Depleted Transplants From Haploidentical Donors In Pediatric Malignancies
Authors: Peter Lang, Matthias Pfeiffer, Heiko-Manuel Teltschik, Tobias F. Feuchtinger, Martin Ebinger, Ingo Mueller, Michael Schumm, Rupert Handgretinger
Journal: Blood (2010)
P1-031: Cohort KBP-2000-CPHG: Survival in primary bronchial cancer at 5 years
Authors: François Blanchon, Michel Grivaux, M Zureick, B Asselain, Jean Luc Breton, E Pichon, L Bernabeu, P Dournovo, E Fournier, C Lauwenier
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Rubicon inhibits autophagy and accelerates hepatocyte apoptosis and lipid accumulation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice
Authors: Satoshi Tanaka, Hayato Hikita, Tomohide Tatsumi, Ryotaro Sakamori, Yasutoshi Nozaki, Sadatsugu Sakane, Yuto Shiode, Tasuku Nakabori, Yoshinobu Saito, Naoki Hiramatsu, Keisuke Tabata, Tsuyoshi Kawabata, Maho Hamasaki, Hidetoshi Eguchi, Hiroaki Nagano, Tamotsu Yoshimori, Tetsuo Takehara
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease worldwide. It encompasses a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to fatty liver with hepatocellular injury, termed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Recent studies have demonstrated hepatic autophagy being impaired in NAFLD. In the present study, we investigated the impact of Rubicon, a Beclin1-interacting negative regulator for autophagosome-lysosome fusion, in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In HepG2 cells, BNL-CL2 cells, and murine primary hepatocytes, Rubicon was posttranscriptionally up-regulated by supplementation with saturated fatty acid palmitate. Up-regulation of Rubicon was associated with suppression of the late stage of autophagy, as evidenced by accumulation of both LC3-II and p62 expression levels as well as decreased autophagy flux. Its blockade by small interfering RNA attenuated autophagy impairment and reduced palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and lipid accumulation. Rubicon was also up-regulated in association with autophagy impairment in livers of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Hepatocyte-specific Rubicon knockout mice generated by crossing Rubicon floxed mice with albumin-Cre transgenic mice did not produce any phenotypes on a normal diet. In contrast, on an HFD, they displayed significant improvement of both liver steatosis and injury as well as attenuation of both endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy impairment in the liver. In humans, liver tissues obtained from patients with NAFLD expressed significantly higher levels of Rubicon than those without steatosis.Rubicon is overexpressed and plays a pathogenic role in NAFLD by accelerating hepatocellular lipoapoptosis and lipid accumulation, as well as inhibiting autophagy. Rubicon may be a novel therapeutic target for regulating NAFLD development and progression. (Hepatology 2016;64:1994-2014).
Resistance of Transmitted Founder HIV-1 to IFITM-Mediated Restriction
Authors: Toshana L. Foster, Harry Wilson, Shilpa S. Iyer, Karen Coss, Katie Doores, Sarah Smith, Paul Kellam, Andrés Finzi, Persephone Borrow, Beatrice H. Hahn, Stuart J.D. Neil
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2016)
Vandetanib plus pernetrexed versus pemetrexed as 2nd-line therapy in patients with advanced NSCLC: a randomized, double-blind phase III trial (ZEAL)
Authors: Richard H de Boer, Oscar Arrieta, Maya Gottfried, Fiona H Blackhall, Johann Raats, Chih-Hsin Yang, Peter Langmuir, Tsveta Milenkova, Jessica Read, Johan Vansteenkiste
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Breast cancer classification according to three immunohistochemical markers: Clinicopathologic features and prognosis in a single institution from Peru.
Authors: C. R. Desposorio, S. G. Falcon, F. Hurtado de Mendoza, L. A. Riva, D. Morales, A. Yabar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e12047 Background: The aim of this study is to determine differences in clinicopathologic features and outcomes of breast cancer subtypes using immunohistochemical markers. Methods: All invasive breast carcinomas from 2003 to 2005 diagnosed in our institution were included in the study. Evaluation of ER, PR and HER2 was performed by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples. Subtype definitions were as follows: Luminal A (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2-); Luminal B (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2+); HER2 (ER-, PR-, HER2+); triple negative (ER-, PR-, HER2-). We excluded patients whose inmunohistochemical studies and clinical records were incomplete and those treated with anti-HER2 therapy in the adyuvant and/or metastatic setting. Clinicopathological features and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Results: Of the 639 invasive breast carcinomas included in this study 64.8% were Luminal A subtype, 7.5% Luminal B, 8.5% HER2 and 19.2% triple negative. No significant differences were found in clinicopathological features between these breast cancer subtypes except for histologic grade and age group. With a mean follow-up of 47 months the 4-years mean OS was 91.8% for the Luminal A subtype; 76.5% for Triple Negative; and there were no differences between the Luminal B and HER2 subtypes, so we put them together in a sole group with a 4-year mean OS of 88%. Univariate analysis showed that tumor size, nodal status, clinical stage, histologic grade, ER status, and age group were statistically significant in terms of OS. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis we demonstrated that tumor size (HR = 2.472 [95%CI 1.527-4.925] p = 0.001); nodal status (HR = 2.157 95%CI [1.022-4.553] p = 0,04); and breast cancer subtype (HR = 1.884 CI [1.367-2.489] p < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Conclusions: This study shows the differences between breast cancer subtypes according to immunohistochemical markers. In our population Triple Negative subtype has the worst prognosis in terms of OS. We also propose that Luminal B and HER2 can be put together in a sole group as they have similar outcomes. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Epidemiology of Weaning Outcome according to a New Definition. The WIND Study
Authors: Gaëtan Béduneau, Tài Pham, Frédérique Schortgen, Lise Piquilloud, Elie Zogheib, Maud Jonas, Fabien Grelon, Isabelle Runge, None Nicolas Terzi, Steven Grangé, Guillaume Barberet, Pierre-Gildas Guitard, Jean-Pierre Frat, Adrien Constan, Jean-Marie Chretien, Jordi Mancebo, Alain Mercat, Jean-Christophe M. Richard, Laurent Brochard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)

The weaning process concerns all patients receiving mechanical ventilation. A previous classification into simple, prolonged, and difficult weaning ignored weaning failure and presupposed the use of spontaneous breathing trials.To describe the weaning process, defined as starting with any attempt at separation from mechanical ventilation and its prognosis, according to a new operational classification working for all patients under ventilation.This was a multinational prospective multicenter observational study over 3 months of all patients receiving mechanical ventilation in 36 intensive care units, with daily collection of ventilation and weaning modalities. Pragmatic definitions of separation attempt and weaning success allowed us to allocate patients in four groups.A total of 2,729 patients were enrolled. Although half of them could not be classified using the previous definition, 99% entered the groups on the basis of our new definition as follows: 24% never started a weaning process, 57% had a weaning process of less than 24 hours (group 1), 10% had a difficult weaning of more than 1 day and less than 1 week (group 2), and 9% had a prolonged weaning duration of 1 week or more (group 3). Duration of ventilation, intensive care unit stay, and mortality (6, 17, and 29% for the three groups, respectively) all significantly increased from one group to the next. The unadjusted risk of dying was 19% after the first separation attempt and increased to 37% after 10 days.A new classification allows us to categorize all weaning situations. Every additional day without a weaning success after the first separation attempt increases the risk of dying.
Structural Bases of Noncompetitive Inhibition of AMPA-Subtype Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors by Antiepileptic Drugs
Authors: Maria V. Yelshanskaya, Appu K. Singh, Jared M. Sampson, Chamali Narangoda, Maria Kurnikova, Alexander I. Sobolevsky
Journal: Neuron (2016)
Prognostic Value of Immunophenotype In Infant ALL – Results of the INTERFANT'99 Study
Authors: Tomasz Szczepanski, Lukasz Sedek, Paola de Lorenzo, Martin Schrappe, Richard Ratei, Goran Gustaffson, Liisa Hovi, Ajay J. Vora, Giuseppe Basso, Andrea Biondi, Jorge Rossi, Maria S Felice, Elisabeth van Wering, Thierry Leblanc, Gritta Janka, Ester Mejstrikowa, Myriam Campbell, Ram Suppiah, Maria Grazia Valsecchi, Rob Pieters
Journal: Blood (2010)
Pemetrexed (MTA) and carboplatin (CBDCA) in the treatment of advanced pleural mesothelioma (MPM)
Authors: B. Castagneto, M. Mencoboni, D. Degiovanni, A. Muzio, L. Giaretto, L. Rebella, O. Alabiso, R. Buosi, M. Cafferata, M. Botta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

7093 Background: Aim of this study was to evaluate the activity and toxicity of MTA and CBDCA combination as first line chemotherapy in advanced MPM. Methods: Chemonaive patients (pts) with histologically proven, an ECOG performance status (PS) 0–2, and measurable advanced MPM were considered. The schedule of administration was: pemetrexed 500 mg/m 2 in combination with CBDA AUC 5, once every 21 days for 8 cycles. Results: From July 2003 to March 2005 76 pts (54 male and 22 female) have been treated with this combination chemotherapy. Median age was 62.7 years (range 40–70); median PS 0 (range 0–3); epithelial histologic findings were in 57 (75%), mixed in 13 (17.1%), sarcomatous in 3 (3.9%), and unspecified in 3 (3.9%) pts. A total of 537 cycles was administered (median 7, range 1 to 13). Grade 3 hematologic toxicity according to WHO criteria was seen in 43 (56.6%) pts (neutropenia in 30, thrombocytopenia in 8, and anemia in 5); grade 4 hematologic toxicity in 5 (6.6%) pts. The most common nonhematologic events were grade 3 nausea/vomiting in 10 (13.1%), and fever in 4 (5.3%) pts. 74 pts were evaluable for clinical response. There were 16 (21.%) partial responses (PR) and 3 (3.9%) complete responses (CR), for an overall response rate of 23.9%. 29 (38.2%) pts reported stable disease (SD). The overall survival was considered from date of diagnosis to date of death from any cause or to date of last follow-up. The median survival time for the entire group was estimated at 23 months. Conclusions: The results of this phase II study indicate that, at this dose and schedule, the combination of CBDCA and MTA is moderately active and that the profile of toxicity is acceptable in pts with advanced MPM. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Comprehensive Characterization of Oncogenic Drivers in Asian Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shiyong Li, Yoon-La Choi, Zhuolin Gong, Xiao Liu, Maruja Lira, Zhengyan Kan, Ensel Oh, Jian Wang, Jason C. Ting, Xiangsheng Ye, Christoph Reinhart, Xiaoqiao Liu, Yunfei Pei, Wei Zhou, Ronghua Chen, Shijun Fu, Gang Jin, Awei Jiang, Julio Fernandez, James Hardwick, Min Woong Kang, Hoseok I, Hancheng Zheng, Jhingook Kim, Mao Mao
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)

The incidence rate of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the predominant histological subtype of lung cancer, is elevated in Asians, particularly in female nonsmokers. The mutation patterns in LUAD in Asians might be distinct from those in LUAD in whites.We profiled 271 resected LUAD tumors (mainly stage I) to characterize the genomic landscape of LUAD in Asians with a focus on female nonsmokers.Mutations in EGFR, KRAS, erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 gene (ERBB2), and BRAF; gene fusions involving anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase gene (ALK), ROS1, and ret proto-oncogene (RET); and Met Proto-Oncogene Tyrosine Kinase (MET) exon 14 skipping were the major drivers in LUAD in Asians, exhibiting mutually exclusive and differing prevalence from those reported in studies of LUAD in non-Asians. In addition, we identified a novel mutational signature of XNX (the mutated base N in the middle flanked by two identical bases at the 5' and 3' positions) that was overrepresented in LUAD tumors in nonsmokers and negatively correlated with the overall mutational frequency.In this cohort, approximately 85% of individuals have known driver mutations (EGFR 59.4%, KRAS 7.4%, ALK 7.4%, ERBB2 2.6%, ROS1 2.2%, RET 2.2%, MET 1.8%, BRAF 1.1%, and NRAS 0.4%). Seventy percent of smokers and 90% of nonsmokers had defined oncogenic drivers matching the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved targeted therapies.
P1-196: EGFR, ERBB2 and K-ras mutations in Korean non-small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Jinsung Jang, Myunghwa Chae, Myunghoon Lee, Eungbae Lee, Taein Park, Seungick Cha, Changho Kim, Taehoon Jung, Jaeyong Park
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Immunoglobulin Heavy/Light Chain Measurements Provide Prognostic Information in Multiple Myeloma Patients Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Lidia Gartcheva, Violeta Petkova, Keranka Dimitrova, Veronika Petkova, Penka Ganeva, Margarita Guenova
Journal: Blood (2014)
Endosialin-Expressing Pericytes Promote Metastatic Dissemination
Authors: Carmen Viski, Courtney König, Magdalena Kijewska, Carolin Mogler, Clare M. Isacke, Hellmut G. Augustin
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Metastasis is a multistep process that is critically dependent on the interaction of metastasizing tumor cells with cells in the local microenvironment. Within this tumor stroma, vessel-associated pericytes and myofibroblasts share a number of traits, including the upregulated expression of the transmembrane receptor endosialin (CD248). Comparative experiments in wild-type and endosialin-deficient mice revealed that stromal endosialin does not affect primary tumor growth but strongly promotes spontaneous metastasis. Mechanistically, endosialin-expressing pericytes in the primary tumor facilitate distant site metastasis by promoting tumor cell intravasation in a cell contact–dependent manner, resulting in elevated numbers of circulating tumor cells. Corresponding to these preclinical experiments, in independent cohorts of primary human breast cancers, upregulated endosialin expression significantly correlates with increased metastasis and poorer patient survival. Together, the data demonstrate a critical role for endosialin-expressing primary tumor pericytes in mediating metastatic dissemination and identify endosialin as a promising therapeutic target in breast cancer. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5313–25. ©2016 AACR.
Concordance to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) clinical practice guidelines (GL) for imaging work-up of patients with metastatic breast cancer: An analysis from the commercial managed care claims PharMetrics (PM) and SEER/Medicare (SM) databases.
Authors: D. L. McNally, B. S. Seal, J. L. Vandergrift, C. D. Mullins, E. M. Lepisto, J. S. McClure, M. Tangirala
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

1104 Background: The NCCN GLs are the standard of care for the treatment of women with metastatic breast cancer (mBC). The primary aim of the current project is to assess concordance between the NCCN GLs and care received using the PM and SM databases (DBs). The PM and SM are patient (PT) care DBs that incorporate medical and pharmaceutical claims data. SM contains data for Medicare PTs while the PM contains data for younger managed-care PTs. Methods: Claims for PTs diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer from 2002 to 2008 for PM and 2002 to 2005 for SM were examined. Overall, 28,816 women with metastatic breast cancer were identified. Median age at metastatic diagnosis was 40 years in PM and 77 years in SM. Results: Across the entire study period NCCN GLs recommended chest imaging (CI) and bone scans (BS) as part of the routine work-up for mBC. For PTs in PM, 76% received CI, 56% BS, and 46% both CI and BS as indicated. For PTs in SM, 88% received CI, 63% BS, and 61% both CI and BS during work-up. Concordance rates for imaging were significantly higher in the SM population than the PM populations. Positron-emission tomography (PET) scans were indicated as an optional part of work-up for mBC as a category 2B recommendation until early 2008 when the recommendation was removed. During 2008, 37% of women received nonconcordant PET scans during work-up. Between 2005 and 2007, 29% of women received PET scans as part of initial workup. PET use after 2005 could not be evaluated in SM. Conclusions: Concordance with NCCN GL recommended imaging for mBC was higher in the SM than PM. In both DBs, concordance with recommendation for bone scans was low. In 2008, a large proportion of women in the PM DB received PET as part of work-up, though this test is not recommended by the NCCN GLs. Imaging DB Total (n) Concordant (n [%]) Time period p value (PM vs. SM) CI PM 26,476 20,252 (76%) 2002-2008 <0.001 SM 2,340 2,055 (88%) 2002-2005 BS PM 26,476 14,810 (56%) 2002-2008 <0.001 SM 2,340 1,494 (64%) 2002-2005 No PET PM 3,933 2,470 (63%) 2008 N/A SM N/A N/A N/A Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration NCCN, sanofi-aventis Amgen, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, sanofi-aventis, Smith Hanley Consulting sanofi-aventis Pfizer, sanofi-aventis GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Pfizer, sanofi-aventis