tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case 30-1979
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Nancy L. Sprince, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Presentation of CaseA 20-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of hemoptysis and anemia.He was well until 18 months earlier, when he began to have recurrent hemoptysis at intervals of several months. The episodes were characterized by coughing up 30 to 50 ml of grossly bloody sputum daily for three to 10 days. Chills, feverishness, diffuse weakness and tightness in the right side of the chest accompanied the attacks. At the same time he began to have night sweats. Anemia occurred and increased in severity despite the administration of iron and other hematinics. Fatigue and exertional dyspnea . . .
Normal Fetal Hemoglobin Levels in the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Authors: H. Ronald Zielke, Robert G. Meny, M.John O'Brien, John E. Smialek, Ferdane Kutlar, Titus H.J. Huisman, George J. Dover
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

It has been reported that infants who die of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) have elevated fetal hemoglobin levels. To test this hypothesis, we determined the level of fetal hemoglobin in dead and living infants in three different laboratories by three methods: high-performance liquid chromatography, polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, and cell-based immunofluorescence assays for fetal hemoglobin-containing red cells (F cells). Our infant study population consisted of 67 infants who had died of SIDS, 22 control infants examined at autopsy, and 80 living infants. The fetal hemoglobin level was not higher in the infants who had died of SIDS than in the control infants for any age group analyzed. Immunofluorescence assays for F cells were also performed in blood samples from 105 mothers of infants who had died of SIDS, 55 adult female controls, 52 fathers of infants who had died of SIDS, and 67 adult male controls. The percentage of fetal hemoglobin–containing red cells in the parents of infants who had died of SIDS was not statistically different from that in sex-matched adults in the control groups. We conclude that elevated fetal hemoglobin levels in infants or their parents are not suitable for use as indicators of the risk of SIDS in the infants. Furthermore, the fetal hemoglobin level is not useful as a postmortem marker of an infant's having died of SIDS. (N Engl J Med 1989; 321:1359–64.)
Case 17-2006
Authors: Ephraim P. Hochberg, Matthew D. Gilman, Robert P. Hasserjian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

A 34-year-old man was admitted because of a three-month history of cough, dyspnea, fever, progressive bilateral cavitary lung lesions, and a lymphohistiocytic infiltrate. He received corticosteroids, but his symptoms persisted. The lung lesions increased in size, and some cavitated, necessitating readmission to the hospital and a diagnostic procedure.
Hereditary Absence of Muscle Phosphorylase (McArdle's Syndrome)
Authors: Rudi Schmid, Lydia Hammaker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

IN 1951 McArdle1 described a patient with a hitherto unrecognized muscle disorder in which marked weakness, cramping pain and prolonged stiffness of muscles were produced by moderate degrees of exercise. These manifestations had been present since childhood, but by limiting his muscular exertion, he had learned to live with his disability. The musculoskeletal and nervous systems were physically normal, but it was noted that after exercise the usual rise in venous lactate concentration2 failed to occur. This observation suggested the possibility that in this syndrome the primary defect involved the anaerobic breakdown of muscle glycogen to lactate, resulting in impaired . . .
Case 19-1982
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Presentation of Case A 31-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of the abrupt development of proteinuria and edema. There was a history of chronic anemia and recurrent oral ulceration since childhood. Eleven years before entry, after the resection of cervical ribs, she had several episodes of recurrent phlebitis that affected both arms and legs and was treated with anticoagulant medication. During the 10 years before admission patchy alopecia developed. Six years before entry nonspecific proctitis occurred. Forty-four months before admission she experienced the sudden onset of pain and weakness in the shoulders and knees. She entered another hospital, . . .
Use of Medical Resources and Quality of Life after Acute Myocardial Infarction in Canada and the United States
Authors: Daniel B. Mark, C. David Naylor, Mark A. Hlatky, Robert M. Califf, Eric J. Topol, Christopher B. Granger, J. David Knight, Charlotte L. Nelson, Kerry L. Lee, Nancy E. Clapp-Channing, Wanda Sutherland, Louise Pilote, Paul W. Armstrong
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Much attention has been directed to the use of medical resources and to patients' outcomes in Canada as compared with the United States. We compared U.S. and Canadian patients with respect to their use of medical resources and their quality of life during the year after acute myocardial infarction.
Embolectomy from the Abdominal Aorta
Authors: Hollis L. Albright, Field C. Leonard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

ONE hundred and ninety saddle emboli at the aortic bifurcation have been reported to date. To these we are adding 3 cases, making a total of 193. Two of our 3 patients were treated by embolectomy, and 1 by supportive measures, including lumbar sympathectomy without removal of the embolus. Amputation of a leg was required in 1 case, in which embolectomy was performed thirty hours after onset. The circulation of the leg was restored in the other cases — 1 with and 1 without removal of the embolus.Undoubtedly, many more aortic emboli have occurred than have been reported. In . . .
Long-Term (10 to 14 Years) Follow-up of Bacteriuria of Pregnancy
Authors: Stephen H. Zinner, Edward H. Kass
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

The rate of renal disease 10 to 14 years after an initial episode of bacteriuria of pregnancy was sought in 303 women, of whom 103 had been treated with sulfonamide, 100 had received placebo, and 100 had been randomly selected from the non-bacteriuric pregnant women studied in 1956 to 1960. Of the 192 women (63 per cent) located, 29 per cent of the sulfonamide-treated, 25 per cent of the placebo-treated and 5 per cent of the originally non-bacteriuric groups were bacteriuric at follow-up. Mean urinary osmolality was significantly lower in those who were bacteriuric at follow-up than in those who were not. Similarly, chronic pyelonephritis and other pyelographic abnormalities were more common in those who were bacteriuric at follow-up than in those without bacteriuria. Pyelographic evidence of chronic pyelonephritis occurred in 29 per cent of 41 pyelograms of women who were bacteriuric in pregnancy 10 to 14 years earlier, and there were two cases of necrotizing papillitis.
Abstract 322: Metformin Inhibits Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Opening in Human Cardiac Mitochondria
Authors: Larisa Emelyanova, Sirisha Gudlawar, Milanka Cosic, Mahek Mirza, Frahan Rizvi, Ekhson Holmuhamedov, Francis X. Downey, A. Jamil Tajik, Arshad Jahangir
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Background: Type II diabetes mellitus is a major health problem contributing to increased morbidity and mortality with associated cardiovascular diseases. Metformin, an oral antidiabetic agent, has cardioprotective properties independent of their glucose lowering effect; however, mechanisms underlying cardioprotection remain poorly defined. We hypothesized that the cardioprotective effect of metformin appears to be associated with inhibition of mitochondrial permability transition pore (mPTP) that could be beneficial in diabetic hearts with attenuated endogenous cardioprotective responses. Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the protective effect of metformin on mPTP opening in mitochondria from human myocardium.. Methods: Mitochondria freshly isolated from the left atrial appendage of nondiabetic patients undergoing cardiac surgery were loaded with calcium- (fluo-3) and membrane potential-sensitive (Safranin-O) fluorescent dyes and challenged with sequential pulses of Ca2+ (10 μM every 3 m) in the absence and presence of different concentrations of metformin (2.5, 5, 10 mM). The sensitivity of mitochondria toward mPTP opening was assessed by abrupt release of mitochondrial Ca2+ (fluo-5N fluorescence), with simultaneous dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (safranin O fluorescence) and mitochondrial swelling (decrease in light scattering). Results: Metformin caused a dose-dependent inhibition of Ca2+-induced mPTP opening with delayed mitochondrial Ca2+ release, depolarization and swelling. The tolerance of metformin-treated mitochondria to Ca2+-induced mPTP opening when compared to controls was increased from 457±71 to 600±74 nmol/mg protein at 2.5mM, 674±10 nmol/mg protein at 5 mM and 750±77 nmol/mg protein at 10 mM. Cyclosporin A (1 μM), a known mPTP inhibitor, has marginal incremental effect on metformin-induced inhibition of mPTP opening. Conclusion: In human cardiac mitochondria, metformin inhibited calcium-overload-mediated mPTP opening that otherwise leads to mitochondrial energetic failure and cell death. Thus, metformin may help restore attenuated cardioprotection in diabetic hearts by increasing tolerance to stress-induced mPTP opening and, thus, preventing cell death.
The Cause, Relief and Prevention of Headaches Arising from Contact with Dynamite
Authors: Arthur M. Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

AS EARLY as 1910 Laws1 described the so-called "Nitroglycerin head," and several papers soon followed that helped to elucidate the physiologic effects of nitroglycerin on the human body, especially after the absorption of extremely minute quantities through the unbroken skin, or even the inhalation of the fumes when dynamite is used for blasting purposes.2 3 4Men working in powder plants soon acquire a rather transient immunity to nitroglycerin that can rapidly be lost over a period such as a weekend or during a vacation. Return to the job consequently results in a severe headache, which is also experienced by men first . . .
Placenta Accreta: Clinical Manifestations and Conservative Management
Authors: Robert P. McKeogh, Emilio D'Errico
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

HEMORRHAGE associated with pregnancy is still responsible for the majority of maternal deaths. Even though in recent years this group of deaths has been materially diminished by improved obstetrical care, much could be done to enlighten the practitioner about the less common causes of intra-partum and post-partum hemorrhage.Placenta accreta is one of the less common conditions associated with hemorrhage in pregnancy. In fact, some obstetricians of long experience have never seen a case of it. However, when one learns of a reported mortality rate of 37 to 67 per cent associated with it, one must accept placenta accreta as . . .
22P The quasispecies pattern of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b based on ISDR-V3 region NS5A gene in patients with chronic hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma in Indonesia
Authors: T.S. Kurniasih, I. Suriapranata, A. Yasmon, G. Mathew
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Case 41-1990
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, David J. Salant, Robert B. Colvin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Presentation of CaseA 66-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of progressive deterioration of renal function.There was a 10-year history of hypertension, which was under satisfactory control until recently. Five years before admission a stroke occurred, with right hemiparesis and impaired speech. A daily dose of aspirin was begun, and the deficits slowly resolved, with residual minimal stiffness and clumsiness of the right hand and occasional mild slurring of speech. Four years before entry upper gastrointestinal bleeding occurred from a duodenal ulcer and was managed with cimetidine and the omission of aspirin.Four months before admission the . . .
Using Plasma Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 During Radiotherapy to Select Patients for Dose Escalation
Authors: Mitchell S. Anscher, Lawrence B. Marks, Timothy D. Shafman, Robert Clough, Hong Huang, Andrea Tisch, Michael Munley, James E. Herndon, Jennifer Garst, Jeffrey Crawford, Randy L. Jirtle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

PURPOSE: The ability to prescribe treatment based on relative risks for normal tissue injury has important implications for oncologists. In non–small-cell lung cancer, increasing the dose of radiation may improve local control and survival. Changes in plasma transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) levels during radiotherapy (RT) may identify patients at low risk for complications in whom higher doses of radiation could be safely delivered. PATIENT AND METHODS: Patients with locally advanced or medically inoperable non–small-cell lung cancer received three-dimensional conformal RT to the primary tumor and radiographically involved nodes to a dose of 73.6 Gy (1.6 Gy twice daily). If the plasma TGFβ level was normal after 73.6 Gy, additional twice daily RT was delivered to successively higher total doses. The maximum-tolerated dose was defined as the highest radiation dose at which ≤ one grade 4 (life-threatening) late toxicity and ≤ two grade 3 to 4 (severe life-threatening) late toxicities occurred. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients were enrolled. Median follow-up was 16 months. Twenty-four patients were not eligible for radiation dose escalation beyond 73.6 Gy because of persistently abnormal TGFβ levels. Fourteen patients whose TGFβ levels were normal after 73.6 Gy were escalated to 80 Gy (n = 8) and 86.4 Gy (n = 6). In the 86.4-Gy group, dose-limiting toxicity was reached because there were two (33%) grade 3 late toxicities. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to use plasma TGFβ levels to select patients for RT dose escalation for non–small-cell lung cancer. The maximum-tolerated dose using this approach is 86.4 Gy.
244P Subgroup analysis of Japanese men in the PREVAIL trial of enzalutamide (ENZA) in men with chemotherapy-naïve, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)
Authors: G. Kimura, J. Yonese, T. Fukagai, T. Kamba, K. Nishimura, M. Nozawa, T. Parli, A. Theeuwes, T.M. Beer, B. Tombal, T. Ueda
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Bone Marrow Involvement in Acute Leukemia
Authors: R P Junghans
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Figure 1. A genetically engineered, humanized antibody against CD25 (Tac, the interleukin-2–receptor α chain) was labeled with indium-111 and administered to a patient with CD25+ B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia at a dose of 1 mg per kilogram of body weight. The white-cell count decreased from 44,000 per cubic millimeter (80 percent blasts) to 11,000 per cubic millimeter (65 percent blasts) 3 hours after the intravenous infusion, with a further reduction over the next 16 hours. Nuclear scanning at 48 hours showed a marked redistribution of the antibody from the blood (indicated by the absence of visible cardiac and vascular structures on . . .
Attention deficit in children is linked to exposure to phthalates in medical tubing
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Phthalates, plasticising agents banned from children’s toys but still used in medical tubing to add flexibility, have been linked to the later development of attention deficit disorders in children admitted to hospital with serious illness, a study published in Intensive Care Medicine has shown.1

The study’s lead researcher, Soren Verstraete, from the University of Leuven, Belgium, presented the results at the US Endocrine Society’s annual meeting, in Boston, Massachusetts, stating, “We found a clear match between previously hospitalised children’s long term neurocognitive test results and their individual exposure to the phthalate …
Acute Vascular (Schönlein-Henoch) Purpura — An Immunologic Disease?
Authors: Marshall B. Kreidberg, William Dameshek, Rocco Latorraca
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THIS paper deals with a study of 15 cases of acute vascular (Schönlein—Henoch) purpura seen on the wards of the Boston Floating Hospital during 1948 to 1951. In 1950–51, when most of our cases were studied, there appeared to be a definite increase in the incidence of this condition in the Boston area. We became impressed with the generalized character of the disease, and with the possibility that it was related to the group of collagen diseases, which include such conditions as disseminated lupus erythematosus, periarteritis nodosa and possibly acute glomerulonephritis and serum sickness as well. Skin biopsies were performed . . .
Abstract 682: Lapaqistat Acetate Monotherapy: Effects of a Novel Squalene Synthase Inhibitor on LDL-C Levels and Other Lipid Parameters in Patients with Primary Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Harold E Bays, Robert J Weiss, James M Rhyne, Yinzhong Chen, Claudia Lopez, Andrea H Spezzi
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Lapaquistat acetate (LAPA) inhibits squalene synthase, an important enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. Early studies showed that LAPA reduced LDL-C and improved lipid profiles in animals and humans. Methods: This multicenter, phase III, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study assessed LAPA monotherapy in nondiabetic patients ≥ 18 yrs old with primary hypercholesterolemia (mean LDL-C &gt; 130 mg/dL and &lt; 220 mg/dL; mean triglyceride [TG] ≤400 mg/dL). Treatment-naïve patients or patients discontinuing previous lipid-lowering therapy underwent a 6-wk dietary stabilization period, then were randomized to 100 mg LAPA (n = 241) or Placebo (n = 120) once daily for 12 wks. The primary endpoint was percent (%) change from baseline compared with Placebo in direct LDL-C at Wk 12 or last on-treatment value. Secondary endpoints included: % change in calculated LDL-C, non-HDL-C, total cholesterol (TC), Apo B, HDL-C, VLDL-C, Apo A1, TG, and hs-CRP. Safety was monitored using clinical and laboratory examinations. Results: LAPA significantly reduced LDL-C levels (see Table ) within 2– 4 wks of treatment initiation that were maintained throughout the study. LDL-C remained relatively unchanged in the Placebo group. Compared with Placebo, LAPA lowered LDL-C levels 20.09% by end of study (p &lt; 0.001). Non-HDL-C, TC, Apo B, VLDL-C, Apo A1, TG, and hs-CRP were also significantly reduced vs Placebo. Both the overall adverse event (AE) profile and the rate of AEs considered potentially related to study drug (~24%), were similar between treatment groups. Two serious AEs occurred in each group; the 2 SAEs in lapaquistat-treated patients were considered not related to study drug. Conclusion: LAPA (100 mg/day) monotherapy provided significant improvements in LDL-C, non-HDL-C, TC, Apo B, VLDL-C, TG, and hs-CRP levels, was generally safe and well tolerated, and potentially represents a novel treatment for hypercholesterolemic patients.
Identification and gene cloning of a new major allergen Cha o 3 from Chamaecyparis obtusa (Japanese cypress) pollen
Authors: Toshihiro Osada, Takafumi Harada, Naomasa Asaka, Tomonori Haruma, Kohsuke Kino, Eiji Sasaki, Mitsuhiro Okano, Akira Yamada, Teruhiro Utsugi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
A Case–Control Study of Chorioamnionic Infection and Histologic Chorioamnionitis in Prematurity
Authors: Sharon L. Hillier, Joachim Martius, Marijane Krohn, Nancy Kiviat, K.K. Holmes, David A. Eschenbach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

To study the role of infection in prematurity, we studied the demographic and obstetrical characteristics, chorioamnionic cultures, and placental histologic features of women who delivered prematurely and compared these findings with those in women who delivered at term. Microorganisms were isolated from the area between the chorion and the amnion (chorioamnion) in 23 of 38 placentas (61 percent) from women with preterm labor who delivered before 37 weeks' gestation and in 12 (21 percent) of 56 placentas from women without preterm labor who delivered at term (odds ratio, 5.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.1 to 15.6). The most frequent isolates from the placentas of those whose infants were delivered prematurely were Ureaplasma urealyticum (47 percent) and Gardnerella vaginalis (26 percent). The recovery of any organism from the chorioamnion was strongly associated with histologic chorioamnionitis (odds ratio, 7.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.7 to 19.5) and with bacterial vaginosis (odds ratio, 3.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 6.6). When multiple logistic regression was used to control for demographic and obstetrical variables, premature delivery was still related to the recovery of organisms from the chorioamnion (odds ratio, 3.8; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.5 to 9.9) and with chorioamnionitis (odds ratio, 5.0; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.6 to 15.3). The proportion of placentas with evidence of infection was highest among those who delivered at the lowest gestational age. We conclude that infection of the chorioamnion is strongly related to histologic chorioamnionitis and may be a cause of premature birth. (N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 972–8.)
Abstract 219: The Formin mDia1 Is A Novel Mediator Of Injury In Ischemia/Reperfusion
Authors: Karen M O’Shea, Radha Ananthakrishnan, Qing Li, Nosirudeen Quadri, Lingjie Wang, Hylde Zirpoli, Ann Marie Schmidt, Ravichandran Ramasamy
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

mDia1, a member of the formin family and an effector of Rho GTPases, has emerged as a downstream effector of RAGE signaling. RAGE has been shown to stimulate the deleterious effects of ischemia/reperfusion injury. The goal of this study was to elucidate the role of mDia1 in the heart after ischemia/reperfusion injury. In mouse hearts subjected to left anterior coronary artery occlusion (LAD) for 30 minutes followed by 48 hours of reperfusion, there is a ten-fold increase in mDia1 protein expression compared to sham. We thus tested the effects of deletion of mDia1; adult male mDia1-/- mice and wild type littermates (WT) were subjected to LAD or sham surgery. Infarct size in mDia1-/- mice was significantly reduced by 15% compared to WT after LAD (32.6 vs. 27.6% infarct area, respectively; p=0.008). LV function after LAD was improved in mDia-/- mice, as evidenced by a significant increase in fractional shortening compared to WT (34.6 vs. 27.1%; p=0.005). ChIP studies of cardiac tissue post-LAD revealed that there was an interaction between mDia1 protein and Egr1, Serca2a, and SRF genes in WT mice subjected to LAD but not in sham mice. Furthermore, EGR1 protein levels were reduced in the nuclear fraction of mDia1-/- mouse hearts after LAD compared to WT and SERCA2A protein levels were elevated in mDia1-/- mice after LAD compared to WT. These effects were confirmed in mDia1-expressing AC16 human ventricular myocytes subjected to hypoxia for 30 minutes followed by reoxygenation for 60 minutes (H/R). Compared to normoxia, mDia1 protein was increased in H/R cells by three-fold, and there was an interaction between mDia1 protein and genes for Egr1 and Serca2a in the H/R cells but not in normoxic cells. mDia1-/- and WT hearts were also isolated and subjected to 30 minutes of global ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. In mDia1-/- hearts, there was improved LVDP recovery compared to WT (63.3 vs. 33.7%, respectively). Taken together, these data suggest that mDia1 deletion mediates cardioprotection in ischemia/reperfusion injury through downstream interactions with SRF, SERCA2A, and EGR1.