tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Temperature Variability and Mortality: A Multi-Country Study
Authors: Yuming Guo, Antonio Gasparrini, Ben G. Armstrong, Benjawan Tawatsupa, Aurelio Tobias, Eric Lavigne, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho, Xiaochuan Pan, Ho Kim, Masahiro Hashizume, Yasushi Honda, Yue Leon Guo, Chang-Fu Wu, Antonella Zanobetti, Joel D. Schwartz, Michelle L. Bell, Ala Overcenco, Kornwipa Punnasiri, Shanshan Li, Linwei Tian, Paulo Saldiva, Gail Williams, Shilu Tong
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

The evidence and method are limited for the associations between mortality and temperature variability (TV) within or between days.We developed a novel method to calculate TV and investigated TV-mortality associations using a large multicountry data set.We collected daily data for temperature and mortality from 372 locations in 12 countries/regions (Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, Moldova, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States). We calculated TV from the standard deviation of the minimum and maximum temperatures during the exposure days. Two-stage analyses were used to assess the relationship between TV and mortality. In the first stage, a Poisson regression model allowing over-dispersion was used to estimate the community-specific TV-mortality relationship, after controlling for potential confounders. In the second stage, a meta-analysis was used to pool the effect estimates within each country.There was a significant association between TV and mortality in all countries, even after controlling for the effects of daily mean temperature. In stratified analyses, TV was still significantly associated with mortality in cold, hot, and moderate seasons. Mortality risks related to TV were higher in hot areas than in cold areas when using short TV exposures (0-1 days), whereas TV-related mortality risks were higher in moderate areas than in cold and hot areas when using longer TV exposures (0-7 days).The results indicate that more attention should be paid to unstable weather conditions in order to protect health. These findings may have implications for developing public health policies to manage health risks of climate change.Guo Y, Gasparrini A, Armstrong BG, Tawatsupa B, Tobias A, Lavigne E, Coelho MS, Pan X, Kim H, Hashizume M, Honda Y, Guo YL, Wu CF, Zanobetti A, Schwartz JD, Bell ML, Overcenco A, Punnasiri K, Li S, Tian L, Saldiva P, Williams G, Tong S. 2016. Temperature variability and mortality: a multi-country study. Environ Health Perspect 124:1554-1559; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP149.
PWE-101 A single centre experience of rifaximin in the prevention of recurrent hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: H Dhaliwal, A Smith, D Tripathi
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Rifaximin is a non-absorbable, broad spectrum antibiotic that is used for the treatment and prevention of overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE). It acts locally in the gut to reduce intestinal flora, including ammonia-producing species, with hyperammonaemia considered to play a central role in the pathogenesis of HE. Our aim was to assess the tolerability and efficacy of rifaximin at preventing HE-related hospital admissions at our transplant unit. <h3>Method</h3> Medical records for all patients who were commenced on rifaximin for recurrant HE at our transplant unit between March 2012 and August 2014 were evaluated. Patient demographics, concurrent therapy, MELD, UKELD and number of hospital admissions were collected 6 months prior to initiation of rifaximin therapy and then 6 months following treatment. Continuous variables are presented as median (interquartile range). <h3>Results</h3> 23 patients with HE (median age 64 (53–68) years; 14 males) were commenced on Rifaximin. Nine had ALD, 8 had NASH, 2 had PBC, and one each had alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, PSC, Hepatitis C and secondary biliary cirrhosis. MELD and UKLED at commencement were 13 (11–21) and 55 (50–58) respectively. All were prescribed lactulose and 6 had tried neomycin and 1 metronidazole. Of the 23 patients, six died and one was transplanted within six months of starting treatment, one was discharged back to the local hospital. Treatment was withdrawn in one patient due to diarrhoea (non-infective). Thus, 14 patients were included in the final analysis. The number of hospital admissions for overt HE fell significantly between the six months prior to and the six months after commencing rifaximin, from 2 (1–3) to 0(0–1.25), p = 0.003. There was no observed change in the MELD or UKELD scores during the six months of treatment (12.5 vs 12, p = 0.9 and 51 vs 51, p = 0.2 respectively). In one patient, the HE improved to the extent that she was able to be removed from the transplant waiting list. Three of the 14 patients were being treated for recurrent HE post TIPSS insertion. In this subgroup of patients, there was no reduction in the number of hospital admissions with HE (2 vs 2, p = 0.4). None of the patients developed C difficile infection. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Rifaximin is effective at reducing the number of hospital admissions in patients with recurrent HE. We would recommend a trial of treatment with rifaximin in patients who are being considered for liver transplant because of recurrent HE, with otherwise well preserved hepatic synthetic function. We did not observe a benefit of rifaximin at preventing hospital admissions in patients with post-TIPSS recurrent HE. Rifaximin is well tolerated and proved to be safe. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Bronchial Asthma.
Authors: I Strâmbu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1947)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
On the Participation of Two Enzyme Systems in Melanin Production &lt;italic&gt;in Vitro&lt;/italic&gt; by Melanotic and Amelanotic Tumors of Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M L HESSELBACH
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1951)
S58 The PEARL score predicts 90 day readmission or death following hospitalisation for an exacerbation of COPD: Abstract S58 Table 1
Authors: C Echevarria, J Steer, K Heslop-Marshall, SC Stenton, PM Hickey, R Hughes, M Wijesinghe, RN Harrison, N Steen, AJ Simpson, GJ Gibson, SC Bourke
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Exacerbation of COPD is the second commonest reason for hospital admission, with high subsequent readmission and mortality rates among those who survive to discharge. Risk stratification would inform efficient use of services. <h3>Methods</h3> Consecutive patients admitted with an exacerbation of COPD who survived to discharge were recruited by screening admissions units and searching coding records. Six UK hospitals took part: the derivation and internal validation cohort involved the same two hospitals at different time periods, and the external validation involved four hospitals. Clinical data, and 90-day death and readmission rates were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to develop a tool to predict 90-day readmission, or death without readmission. Performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) curve. <h3>Results</h3> 2,417 patients were analysed (derivation 824, internal validation 824, external validation 791). Female 54.0%, mean (SD) age 72.6 (10.2) years, FEV1 45.3 (18.2)&nbsp;%predicted, 90-day readmission or death 38.7%. In the derivation cohort, the five strongest predictors (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval given for whole population) were: two or more Previous admissions in the preceding year (OR 3.17, 95% CI 2.59–3.87), stable-state dyspnoea assessed by the Extended MRCD score (eMRCD 4 OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.12–1.90; eMRCD 5a OR 2.35 95% CI 1.79–3.08; eMRCD 5b OR 3.00 95% CI 2.19–4.11), Age 80 or more (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.22–1.81), cor-pulmonale “Right heart failure” (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.41–2.66), Left heart failure (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.07–1.97). Two or more previous admissions and eMRCD 5b were assigned a score of 3, eMRCD 5a scored 2, while eMRCD 4 and remaining indices scored 1. The risk of readmission and/or death is shown in Table 1. The AUROC was: derivation 0.73 (95% CI 0.69–0.77); internal validation 0.68 (95% CI 0.64–0.72); and external validation 0.70 (95% CI 0.66–0.73). <h3>Discussion</h3> In patients hospitalised with an exacerbation of COPD the PEARL score is a robust predictor of readmission and death and may be used to inform efficient use of resources according to risk.
Mechanism of Experimental Tumorigenesis. IV. Ultrastructure of Interfollicular Epidermis of Normal Adult Mouse&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Kai Setälä, Lauri Merenmies, Leo Stjernvall, Mauri Nyholm
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1960)

The interfollicular epidermis (IFE), excluding the hair follicles, of the back of the adult normal mouse was examined with the electron microscope. The phase of the hair follicular cycle and the mitotic state in the skin were taken into account. Careful attention was paid to the experimental technique and possible sources of error. The IFE of the mouse is, in principle, composed of one layer of nucleated cells of the basal-cell type. These parental cells neither move upward nor keratinize. Instead the majority of the daughter cells immediately lose their nuclei, while the keratinization proceeds. Occasionally, disintegration of the nucleus of the daughter cell is delayed so that two nucleated cells one upon the other are observed. If, however, mouse IFE contained two or more cell layers over a more extensive area, this was obviously due to accidental factors such as inflammation or fighting. The basal cells of IFE, over a wide basal surface, are fixed to the dermoepidermal junction by special attachment devices, the ultrastructure of which is also described. The boundaries of adjacent cells intimately follow each other in an intricate, folded, curtainlike fashion. Cytoplasmic pseudopodia worm into corresponding passages of the neighboring cells. Neither intercellular spaces nor intercellular bridges occur between basal cells in mouse IFE, but do occur between the overlying differentiating cells. The ultrastructure of mouse IFE is independent of the phase of the hair follicular cycle. The mitotic state was the same in all material examined. The mouse IFE differs from the multilayered one in the human, rat, or guinea pig, as described in the literature.
SP0170 How to Differentiate PMR from Elderly Onset RA Using Laboratory Investigations
Authors: M. Lόpez Hoyos
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

The presentation of polymyalgic symptoms in elderly patients represents a challenging issue since a number of inflammatory disorders may mimic polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), a clinical syndrome characterized by pain and stiffness in proximal areas that affects people older than 50 years. The differential diagnosis between PMR and elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis (EORA) may be very difficult, especially at the onset of the clinical picture. Although progress in the development of imaging has been done, there is a lack of specific laboratory biomarkers to differentiate PMR from EORA. Both syndromes are characterized by elevation of acute phase reactants, such as CRP and ESR, and inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6. The most helpful laboratory parameter has been recently defined as the lack of anti-CCP antibodies, which increases the likelihood of PMR. We will present laboratory data demonstrating that PMR could be considered as part of the natural history of EORA. At present, the higher prevalence of seronegative EORA compared with adult onset RA may be more related with our inability to detect specific autoantibodies than with the real absence of serum autoantibodies. We will present data of new biomarkers that may help to identify an important number of seronegative EORA patients and to diagnose EORA in patients with clinical suspicion of PMR. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Reorientation of Sex: Report of Two Cases
Authors: F GHABRIAL, S M GIRGIS
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Identification of <i>IRX1</i> as a Risk Locus for Rheumatoid Factor Positivity in Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Genome‐Wide Association Study
Authors: Antonio Julià, Francisco Blanco, Benjamín Fernández‐Gutierrez, Antonio González, Juan D. Cañete, Joan Maymó, Mercedes Alperi‐López, Alex Olivè, Héctor Corominas, Víctor Martínez‐Taboada, Isidoro González-Álvaro, Antonio Fernandez‐Nebro, Alba Erra, Simón Sánchez‐Fernández, Arnald Alonso, María López‐Lasanta, Raül Tortosa, Laia Codó, Josep Lluis Gelpi, Andrés C. García‐Montero, Jaume Bertranpetit, Devin Absher, Richard M. Myers, Jesús Tornero, Sara Marsal
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2016)

Objective Rheumatoid factor (RF) is a well‐established diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, ∼20% of RA patients are negative for this anti‐IgG antibody. To date, only variation at the HLA–DRB1 gene has been associated with the presence of RF. This study was undertaken to identify additional genetic variants associated with RF positivity. Methods A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) for RF positivity was performed using an Illumina Quad610 genotyping platform. A total of 937 RF‐positive and 323 RF‐negative RA patients were genotyped for &gt;550,000 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Association testing was performed using an allelic chi‐square test implemented in Plink software. An independent cohort of 472 RF‐positive and 190 RF‐negative RA patients was used to validate the most significant findings. Results In the discovery stage, a SNP in the IRX1 locus on chromosome 5p15.3 (SNP rs1502644) showed a genome‐wide significant association with RF positivity ( P = 4.13 × 10 −8 , odds ratio [OR] 0.37 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.26–0.53]). In the validation stage, the association of IRX1 with RF was replicated in an independent group of RA patients ( P = 0.034, OR 0.58 [95% CI 0.35–0.97] and combined P = 1.14 × 10 −8 , OR 0.43 [95% CI 0.32–0.58]). Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first GWAS of RF positivity in RA. Variation at the IRX1 locus on chromosome 5p15.3 is associated with the presence of RF. Our findings indicate that IRX1 and HLA–DRB1 are the strongest genetic factors for RF production in RA.
(23) Facial hemiatrophy
Authors: R.H. Champion
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Journal Article (23) Facial hemiatrophy Get access R.H. Champion R.H. Champion Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 93, Issue s11, 1 July 1975, Pages 65–66, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb06805.x Published: 01 July 1975
Pneumonia Associated with an Influenza A H3 Outbreak at a Skilled Nursing Facility — Florida, 2014
Authors: John G. Jordan, Scott Pritchard, Garik Nicholson, Tiffany Winston, Megan Gumke, Heather Rubino, Sharon Watkins, Lea A. Heberlein-Larson, Anna Likos
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015)

In December 2014, the Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Epidemiology, was notified that 18 of 95 (19%) residents at a skilled nursing facility had radiographic evidence of pneumonia and were being treated with antibiotics. Two residents were hospitalized, one of whom died. A second resident died at the facility. The Florida Department of Health conducted an outbreak investigation to ascertain all cases through active case finding, identify the etiology, provide infection control guidance, and recommend treatment or prophylaxis, if indicated.
Lithium antagonizes ethanol intoxication in alcoholics
Authors: L L Judd, L Y Huey
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

Thirty-five detoxified alcoholics given lithium in a placebo-controlled, double-blind study reported less intoxication, a decrease in the desire to continue drinking, and less cognitive dysfunction when challenged by standardized doses of ethanol. Lithium also appeared to antagonize the ethanol-induced decrement in cognitive and perceptual motor performance. No differential lithium effect was noted when alcoholics were divided by diagnoses of affective disorder versus no affective disorder. The authors suggest that, in addition to mood normalization, lithium's capacity to directly affect ethanol intoxication may help explain its potential therapeutic efficacy in alcoholism, providing further confirmatory evidence that lithium may be useful in the treatment of alcoholism.
Effect of Heparin on Circulating Walker Carcinosarcoma 256 Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: D. Agostino, V.M.D., C. E. Grossi, M.D., E. E. Cliffton, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)

Heparinization of the rat resulted in a significantly lower tumor-cell count in the systemic circulation after a single inoculation of 300,000 Walker carcinosarcoma 256 cells. The transplant-ability of these circulating cells was greatly decreased by the heparinization of the animal.
SAT0231 Conventional Dmard Therapy and Improvement of Disease Activity in a Cohort of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated Under Treat to Target Recommendations
Authors: P. Santos-Moreno, G. Saavedra-Martinez, L. Villarreal, D. Gomez, J. Bello-Gualtero, V. Giraldo, P. Martinez, A. Sanchez, M. Sanchez, E. Uribe, M. Boon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Treat to Target (T2T) strategy becomes from the need to develop therapeutic targets and tools to achieve defined outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This strategy is being used last years in Colombia. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to describe global change in Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) using T2T strategy for a 24-month period in patients with conventional DMARD therapy in a large cohort of patients from a Colombian specialized in RA center. <h3>Methods</h3> A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Records of patients from specialized in RA center were reviewed; those patients were followed-up under T2T standards. Clinical follow-up was according to DAS28 as follows: every 3-5 weeks (DAS28 &gt;5.1), every 7-9 weeks (DAS28 ≥3.1 and ≤5.1), and every 11-13 weeks (DAS28 &lt;3.1). Tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC) and DAS28 were measured on each visit. Therapy had to be adjusted with DAS28 &gt;3.2 unless patient9s conditions don9t permit it; we considered this follow-up type as implementation of a T2T strategy in patients with RA. We divided patients in four groups: remission (Rem), low disease activity (LDA), moderate disease activity (MDA) and severe disease activity (SDA) patients and the aim of the study was to look at what percentage of patients who were in moderate or severe disease activity reached a low disease activity or remission. Descriptive epidemiology was done, percentages and averages were calculated; the median of each variable was analyzed using t-Student assuming normality for DAS28 distribution and the level disease activity was analyzed using Pearson9s statistics. <h3>Results</h3> 1110 patients were included in this study, 826 (74.4%) women and 284 (25.5%) men. Average age was 61 y/o (15-89) with disease duration of 11 years (0.5-47). Concerning to treatment of entire cohort 76 (6.8%) patients were using Leflunomide alone, 114 (10.2%) Metothrexate alone, 100 (9.0%) Leflunomide plus Metothrexate, 98 (8.8%) Leflunomide plus other DMARDs, 519 (46,7%) Metothrexate plus others DMARDs and 203 (16.9%) “only” DMARDs without Leflunomide or Metothrexate. At 24 months was observed an increase in percentage of patients in remission and a decrease in percentage of patients in MDA/SDA disease activity statistically significant. For entire cohort, at beginning DAS28 was 3.6 and after 24 months of follow-up DAS28 was 2.6, showed improvement (p&lt;0.00). <h3>Conclusions</h3> There is a global improvement of DAS28 in a cohort of RA patients receiving only conventional therapy, treated and followed under T2T strategy recommendations; this revision shows the importance of T2T follow-up and treatment for this disease. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared