tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness to Methacholine in Patients with Impaired Left Ventricular Function
Authors: Laure R. Cabanes, Simon N. Weber, Régis Matran, Jacques Regnard, Marie O. Richard, Michel E. Degeorges, Alain Lockhart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

To elucidate the pathogenesis of bronchospasm in congestive heart failure, we studied 23 patients with chronic impairment of left ventricular function due to coronary artery disease or dilated cardiomyopathy. In 21 of them we found marked bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. The mean dose (±SD) of methacholine that elicited a 20 percent decrease in the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was 421±298-μg, nearly the same as in patients with symptomatic asthma. In contrast, there was no bronchial response to methacholine in 9 of 10 patients who had coronary artery disease but normal left ventricular function. Administration of the bronchodilator albuterol led to a partial (43 percent) reversal of the methacholine-induced bronchial obstruction. In 12 patients, pretreatment with the alpha-adrenergic agonist methoxamine (10 mg by inhalation), a potent vasoconstrictor, fully prevented the methacholine-induced decrease in FEV1. The protective effect of methoxamine was blocked by the alpha-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine in all six patients who received this agent. We conclude that bronchial hyperresponsiveness to cholinergic agonists is frequent in patients with impaired left ventricular function and may contribute to the wheezy dyspnea commonly observed in such patients. The bronchoconstriction may be mediated at least in part by dilatation of the bronchial vessels. (N Engl J Med 1989; 320:1317–22.)
ANGI-06PAK4 GOVERNS RADIATION-INDUCED ENDOTHELIAL Gro-1α-CXCR2 SIGNALING AND ANGIOGENESIS IN GLIOMA
Authors: Divya Kesanakurti, Jihong Xu, Alessandro Canella, Prabakaran Nagarajan, Vinay K. Puduvalli
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Aberrant neovascularization is a pathological hallmark of glioblastoma that correlates with poor clinical outcome. Factors that drive endothelial proliferation, recruitment into the tumor and angiogenesis in the context of radiotherapy are potentially novel therapeutic targets for glioma. Our studies showed high expression of p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) in gliomas; analyses of conditioned medium (CM) prepared from shRNA-mediated PAK4-knockdown (PAK4.sh) glioma cells using a human angiogenesis array showed a significant downregulation in key angiogenic factors including Gro-1α. Treatment of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) with CM from PAK4.sh-cells significantly inhibited endothelial proliferation, migration and microtubule formation compared with controls. PAK4.sh-CM treatment also suppressed CXCR2 receptor activation and decreased the expression levels of p-Stat3, MMP-2 and cyclin D1 in HBMECs. Ionizing radiation (IR, 8 Gy) activated Gro-1α-CXCR2 signaling in HBMECs, and induced high levels of endothelial capillary network formation on matrigel. On the other hand, PAK4.sh inhibited IR-induced angiogenesis by decreasing Gro-1α and CXCR2 levels in HBMECS. Further, in vivo experiments with orthotopic intracranial tumors in nude mice showed growth suppression in PAK4.sh tumors compared to control tumors. Immunohistochemical analyses of brain tumor sections showed a significant decrease in MMP-2 in PAK4.sh tumors. In summary, our studies emphasize a novel role of PAK4 as a critical mediator of tumor-endothelial cell interactions via Gro-1α-CXCR2 signaling, and in vivo tumor growth suppression by PAK4 depletion indicates its therapeutic potential in the treatment of glioma.
The Molecular Genetics of Philadelphia Chromosome–Positive Leukemias
Authors: Franklin H. Epstein, Razelle Kurzrock, Jordan U. Gutterman, Moshe Talpaz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

ACTIVATION of cellular oncogenes by chromosomal translocation has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of several cancers. One of the most striking examples of this phenomenon occurs in leukemias involving the Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome. The Ph1 chromosome is a shortened chromosome 22 that arises from a reciprocal translocation, t(9;22)(q34;q11).1 , 2 This cytogenetic aberration occurs in the majority of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)3 and in a much smaller proportion of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).4 , 5 The Ph1 translocation results in transposition of the cellular abl (c-abl) gene from its usual residence . . .
A phase II study of mitomycin C and oral etoposide for advanced adenocarcinoma of the upper gastrointestinal tract
Authors: J.P. Braybrooke, K.J. O’Byrne, M.P. Saunders, D.J. Propper, A.J. Salisbury, P. Boardman, M. Taylor, T.S. Ganesan, D.C. Talbot, A.L. Harris
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1997)
Management of ventricular fibrillation by doctors in cardiac arrest teams
Authors: D B Todd
Journal: BMJ (1995)

of the genital tract significantly increases the rate of transmission of HIV.4 Genitourinary medicine services have a pivotal role in preventing HIV infection by education, counselling, and the management of other sexually transmissible infections.It is thus of particular concern that many prisons in Scotland have no specific genitourinary medicine services, and the few existing services may be under threat.Policies to reduce harm need to address all aspects of potential transmission of HIV and not to concentrate on injecting drug use to the exclusion of others.Furthermore, the provision of entirely confidential, high quality open access genitourinary medicine services to this group of people should be an important component of such policies.
Kappa-Chain Deficiency
Authors: B.J.M. Zegers, W.J. Maertzdorf, Erna van Loghem, N.A.J. Mul, J.W. Stoop, J. van der Laag, J.J. Vossen, R.E. Ballieux
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Since kappa-chain deficiency is an unusual condition, we studied the clinical and laboratory findings in a patient with this deficiency. The patient had cystic fibrosis with concurrent malabsorption, diabetes mellitus and IgA deficiency. The serum levels of IgM and IgG were 0.85 and 7.22 mg per milliliter, respectively. Kappa type IgM and IgG was not present in serum and external secretions; gamma, mu and lambda chains were probably polyclonal in character. Antibodies against kappa chains were not detected in either the patient or the mother. Plasma cells containing kappa-type immunoglobulins were absent in jejunum samples and bone marrow; kappa-chainbearing B lymphocytes could not be detected in blood and bone marrow. The serum of one of the patient's sisters contained trace amounts of kappa-type immunoglobulins. The patient displays a complete absence of kappa-type immunoglobulins, probably owing to a genetic defect.
Lipocalin 2 Protects from Inflammation and Tumorigenesis Associated with Gut Microbiota Alterations
Authors: Alexander R. Moschen, Romana R. Gerner, Jun Wang, Victoria Klepsch, Timon E. Adolph, Simon J. Reider, Hubert Hackl, Alexandra Pfister, Johannes Schilling, Patrizia L. Moser, Sarah L. Kempster, Alexander Swidsinski, Dorothea Orth−Höller, Günter Weiss, John F. Baines, Arthur Kaser, Herbert Tilg
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2016)
Exogenous Lipoid Pneumonia
Authors: B W Berg, J S Saenger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Figure 1. A 68-year-old nonsmoking woman was evaluated because of progressive dyspnea and chronic lung disease. She had had middle lobe syndrome for 20 years. She had been taking 2 to 3 teaspoons (10 to 15 ml) of mineral oil at bedtime since early childhood. A posteroanterior radiograph of the chest showed bilateral alveolar infiltrates in the bases, volume loss, and middle-lobe consolidation (Panel A). Tests of lung function revealed restrictive and obstructive defects. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed, and the differential count revealed 46 percent macrophages, 37 percent lymphocytes, 13 percent neutrophils, and 4 percent eosinophils. Stains and cultures were . . .
Regulation of Gonadotropin Secretion in Turner's Syndrome
Authors: Robert M. Boyar, Jack Ramsey, John Chipman, Michelle Fevre, James Madden, James Marks
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

To determine the role of body fat in regulating secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, we measured both at 20-minute intervals for 24 hours in eight children with Turner's syndrome. The 24-hour mean luteinizing hormone levels varied from 20.2 to 70.5 mlU per milliliter. Total body weight, total body fat and percentage of body fat showed a significant negative correlation with the 24-hour mean luteinizing hormone concentrations (P less than 0.01). The 24-hour mean follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations ranged from 60.4 to 229 mlU per milliliter, with a significant negative correlation between total body fat and percentage body fat and the 24-hour mean concentrations (P less than 0.05). These negative correlations were not mediated by estrogens or androgens.
Risk Management in <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> Mutation Carriers: Lessons Learned, Challenges Posed
Authors: Angela DeMichele, Barbara L. Weber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.20.5.1164 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11870156 Risk Management in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers: Lessons Learned, Challenges Posed Angela DeMichelexAngela DeMicheleSearch for articles by this author , Barbara L. WeberxBarbara L. WeberSearch for articles by this author Show More University of Pennsylvania Cancer CenterUniversity of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.20.5.1164 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2002 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Egfr and Akt1 Overexpression are Mutually Exclusive and Associated with a Poor Survival in Resected Adenocarcinomas of the Stomach and Gastro-Esophageal Junction
Authors: I. Petrini, M. Lencioni, E. Vasile, L. Begliuomini, L. Ginocchi, C. Caparello, G. Musettini, C. Vivaldi, S. Caponi, A. Proietti, G. Fontanini, G. Naccarato, V. Nardini, S. Santi, A. Falcone
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Investigation of Perinatal Mortality Rates Associated with Placenta Previa in Upstate New York, 1942–1958
Authors: Robert E. L. Nesbitt, Alfred Yankauer, Edward R. Schlesinger, Norman C. Allaway
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

DURING the first quarter of this century, placenta previa was attended by a 10 per cent maternal mortality and a fetal mortality that varied from 40 to 70 per cent. In cases of total placenta previa respective figures of 25 and 75 per cent or higher were often reported. Although the fetal death rate was a matter of great concern the grave maternal risks of hemorrhage, shock and infection dictated that primary attention should be directed toward preservation of the mother's life. Accordingly, the emphasis during this era was placed upon obstetric technics designed to induce labor or speed parturition . . .
Lack of Adaptation in Lipogenesis by Hepatomas 9098, 7794A, and 9618A
Authors: N. J. Zuckerman, Pasqua Nardella, H. P. Morris, J. C. Elwood
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

The present study was designed to determine if three minimal deviation hepatomas of different growth rates had lost their ability to increase their fatty-acid synthetase activity after a fasting-refeeding regimen. The “minimal deviation” hepatomas 9098, 7794A, and 9618A biosynthesized fatty acids but at different rates. The slow-growing tumor 9618A biosynthesized fatty acids at a rate comparable to that of host liver. However, fasting and refeeding a fat-deficient diet did not cause the adaptive response of increased fatty-acid biosynthesis in any tumor. Fasting the rats and refeeding them a fat-deficient diet did not alter the oxidation of acetate-1-14C from control in either control liver, host liver, or tumors. However, the rate of oxidation of acetate by host livers was higher than control livers. The fastest-growing tumor (9098) oxidized acetate at a rate three times greater than control liver. The fatty-acid profiles of the total lipids of the livers and tumors were analyzed and compared.
Prick test: evolution towards automated reading
Authors: X. Justo, I. Díaz, J. J. Gil, G. Gastaminza
Journal: Allergy (2016)

The prick test is one of the most common medical methods for diagnosing allergies, and it has been carried out in a similar and laborious manner over many decades. In an attempt to standardize the reading of the test, many researchers have tried to automate the process of measuring the allergic reactions found by developing systems and algorithms based on multiple technologies. This work reviews the techniques for automatic wheal measurement with the aim of pointing out their advantages and disadvantages and the progress in the field. Furthermore, it provides a classification scheme for the different technologies applied. The works discussed herein provide evidence that significant challenges still exist for the development of an automatic wheal measurement system that not only helps allergists in their medical practice but also allows for the standardization of the reading and data exchange. As such, the aim of the work was to serve as guideline for the development of a proper and feasible system.
An Immunofluorescent Study of Pathogenic Mechanisms in Glomerular Diseases
Authors: Robert T. McCluskey, Pierre Vassalli, Gloria Gallo, David S. Baldwin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

KNOWLEDGE of the natural history and structural aspects of glomerular diseases has been extended in recent years by the use of renal biopsies. However, the concepts derived from such studies are based on structural abnormalities, which provide no direct information about etiologic or pathogenic factors. The immunofluorescent technic has made it possible to identify materials that may have an etiologic or pathogenic role. For example, the demonstration of gamma globulin and a component of complement in a variety of glomerular diseases has been taken as evidence of a hypersensitivity mechanism.1 2 3 4 Furthermore, it has been claimed that streptococcal material can be . . .
Association of DiaRem Score With Cure of Type 2 Diabetes Following Bariatric Surgery
Authors: G. Craig Wood, Tooraj Mirshahi, Christopher D. Still, Annemarie G. Hirsch
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

quality summary scores.Thus, higher SSI scores may not truly reflect poor quality of care and may instead be indicative of the measurement bias and validity issues that have been previously suggested for other HAC program component measures. 1 There are several possible explanations.First, surveillance bias can result from variability in institutional clinical practices regarding the threshold at which potentially infected wounds are opened or cultured. 2Second, the different data collection methods used by hospitals reporting to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network may lead to hospital-level variation in event capture.Hospitals using an electronic surveillance system, which triggers review by an infection preventionist when a possible infection is detected, may uncover more events than would a manual review.These differences may be compounded by infection preventionists' variable experience, workload, and auditing practices. 3 Moreover, 38% of National Healthcare Safety Network-enrolled facilities do not have an infection preventionist, which may lead to hospital-level variation in detection. 4 Hospitals may also fail to report events in a standardized fashion with strict adherence to the abstraction guidelines. 5 Increased documentation when trainees are involved may also partly explain the higher rates of identifying events among teaching hospitals. 6 Third, although these SSI measures are risk-adjusted for limited patient and procedure characteristics, the adjustment is likely inadequate, potentially resulting in hospitals that treat sicker patients being incorrectly categorized as poor performers.Implementing more rigorous surveillance and data abstraction standards and requiring formal audit programs to ensure standardized coding may help to address some of these factors.Furthermore, changes to the measures' risk adjustment should be expanded to include hospital case mix, patient comorbidities, and other relevant procedural factors.It is possible that our findings reflect a lack of a conceptual link between Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' definition of high-quality care and hospital characteristics that affect performance on various measures.Still, the paradoxical relationship between SSI measure performance and hospital quality warrants reconsideration of the addition of the current SSI measures to the HAC Reduction Program in federal fiscal year 2016.
Power Lines, Cancer, and Fear
Authors: Edward W. Campion
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Over the past 18 years, there has been considerable interest in the possible link between electromagnetic fields and cancer, especially leukemia. The story of this highly publicized research has been marked by mystery, contradiction, and confusion. When something as ubiquitous and misunderstood as extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields is accused of causing cancer in children, people's reactions may be driven more by passion than by reason.Each year in this country about 2000 children are given a diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common childhood cancer. Despite the remarkable advances in treatment, ALL still carries a 30 percent mortality. Other . . .
Case 16-1996
Authors: Peter T.C. Siao, Didier P. Cros, Robert S. Lees
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Presentation of CaseA 36-year-old left-handed woman was admitted to the hospital because of progressive, bilateral hand weakness and numbness, bilateral facial weakness, and loss of truncal sensation.She had been well until five years earlier, when she experienced numbness in her shoulders and noted incomplete closure of her left eye and later her right eye. During the next several years, numbness and weakness developed and gradually worsened in her right hand and then her left hand, she gradually became aware of sensory impairment of the trunk, and painful muscle spasms developed in both hands. On one occasion, she burned . . .
Marrow Transplantation for Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia after Treatment with Busulfan and Cyclophosphamide
Authors: George W. Santos, Peter J. Tutschka, Ronald Brookmeyer, Rein Saral, William E. Beschorner, Wilma B. Bias, Hayden G. Braine, William H. Burns, Gerald J. Elfenbein, Herbert Kaizer, David Mellits, Lyle L. Sensenbrenner, Robert K. Stuart, Andrew M. Yeager
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Fifty-one patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (16 with end-stage disease, 17 in second or third remission or in early relapse, and 18 in first remission) were given infusions of HLA-identical sibling marrow after cytoreduction with high doses of busulfan and cyclophosphamide. Actuarial two-year survival rates were 0 per cent, 29 per cent, and 44 per cent, respectively. Twelve patients are still alive and in remission after 327 to 1488 days, with 10 surviving beyond two years. Acute graft-versus-host disease and viral pneumonia were the major causes of death. Leukemic cells failed to clear in one patient with end-stage disease, and a relapse with meningeal leukemia occurred in another. Only one other relapse was seen — in a patient given a transplant during a third remission. Survival was favorably affected by younger age and transplantation during first remission. We conclude that high-dose chemotherapy with busulfan and cyclophosphamide, followed by allogeneic-marrow transplantation, can produce long-term remission of acute leukemia. Chemotherapy with high-dose busulfan and cyclophosphamide before transplantation provides an effective alternative to cyclophosphamide and total-body irradiation before transplantation for the treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. (N Engl J Med 1983: 309:1347–53.)
Case 18-1999
Authors: Helmut G. Rennke, Michael Laposata
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Presentation of CaseA 54-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of acute renal failure and thrombocytopenia.The patient had been in excellent health until five and a half weeks earlier, when she began to have respiratory symptoms with fever that was unresponsive to antibiotics. A physician found murmurs and pedal edema. A cardiac ultrasonographic examination showed a left ventricular ejection fraction of 35 to 40 percent, without evidence of valvular disease. One day later, she was admitted to another hospital because of worsening symptoms and anterior chest pain. An electrocardiogram revealed ST-segment and T-wave abnormalities, and there was . . .
Implication of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) over expression in treatment of breast cancer in developing countries—report on 250 cases from Bangladesh
Authors: M. Hossain, S. Rahman, A. Alam, C. Qamruzzaman, M. Hossen, M. Hai, M. Reza
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

14139 Background: Carcinoma breast is the second most common malignancy in Bangladeshi women. Though HER-2 over expression has profound effect on prognosis of breast cancer, no published data is available about this among Bangladeshi patients. Our aim in this study was to see HER-2 status in Bangladeshi patients, and their relation with other prognostic parameters. Implication of this molecular marker in management of breast cancer in poor country like ours remains controversial, keeping in mind the exorbitantly high cost of Trastuzumab. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the department of Oncology at Bangladesh Medical College Hospital, National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital and Ahsania Mission Cancer Hospital Bangladesh, from January 2003 to December 2006. Total 250 women with breast carcinoma were enrolled; biopsy specimens were tested by immunohistochemistry to detect HER-2 status. For recommending treatment with Trastuzumab, patients with 3+ immunohistochemistry results were considered HER-2 positive. Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) testing facility was not available. These findings were correlated with age, ER/PR and nodal status. The practical application of marker in terms of use of Trastuzumab was analyzed. Results: Age of patients ranged from 19.75 years to 72 years, mean age was 49.75 years. HER-2 was over expressed in 38.4 % (96) cases and their mean age was 42.92 years compared to 47.61 years in HER-2 negative cases. HER-2 positive cases tended to have higher rates of lymph node metastases (44 out of 96) compared to HER-2 negative (46 out of 154) cases (45.8 % vs 29.87 %). ER/PR was positive in 64 % cases. HER-2 over expression was inversely related to ER / PR expression. Of the HER-2 positive cases, 11.45 % (11 out of 96) afforded treatment with Trastuzumab. Conclusions: HER-2 is over expressed in almost 38 % of breast carcinoma patients in Bangladesh. This expression is associated with relatively young age, lymph node metastasis and lack of ER / PR expression. Only 11.45 % of patients with HER-2 over expression afforded Trastuzumab though 38 % of cases over expressed HER-2. No significant financial relationships to disclose.