tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Turning the Pathogenesis of Acute Peptic Esophagitis Inside Out
Authors: Peter J. Kahrilas
Journal: JAMA (2016)

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Abstract P1-08-08: Heterozygous germline mutations in RAD50 among Korean patients with high-risk breast cancer negative for BRCA1/2 mutation
Authors: H Kim, D-Y Cho, DH Choi, GH Jung, I Shin, W Park, SJ Huh, SJ Nam, JE Lee, WH Gil, SW Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: The MRE11-RAD50-nibrin (MRN) complex participates in pathways of double-strand break induced DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint control. RAD50 interacts with the MRE11 and NBS proteins, is involved in the maintenance of genomic integrity. The association of RAD50 mutation and breast cancer susceptibility has been reported in European patients. However, the impact of RAD50 mutation on a breast cancer predisposition among Koreans remains uncertain. In the current analysis, we evaluated the incidence of RAD50 mutations among Korean patients with non-BRCA1/2 high-risk breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 247 Korean patients with high-risk breast cancer who tested negative for BRCA1/2 mutation were enrolled. The criteria for high-risk breast cancer were as follows: having a family history of breast or ovarian cancer in any relative; diagnosed at age 40 years or younger; bilateral breast cancer; and male breast cancer. All participants were screened for BRCA1/2 mutations using fluorescent-conformation sensitive capillary electrophoresis (F-CSCE) and traditional sequencing. The entire RAD50 gene of each patient was sequenced using F-CSCE. In silico analyses of the RAD50 variants was performed using PolyPhen-2 and SIFT. Results: There were two novel deleterious mutations in RAD50 (p.Q426X, p.E1271del). These mutations were found in two patients, including one with p.Q426X and the other with p.E1271del. Besides, five sequence variants in RAD50 were identified: four exonic variants (p.I118T, p.R486C, p.L1264F, and p.R1279H) and one intronic variant (c.1246-11T&amp;gt;C). Among the four missense variants, p.R486C and p.L1264F were variants predicted to be deleterious by in silico analyses. Conclusions: We found protein-truncating mutations in RAD50 gene in a small proportion of Korean patients with high-risk breast cancer. The contribution of the mutation to the development of breast cancer should be clarified in further researches. Citation Format: Kim H, Cho D-Y, Choi DH, Jung GH, Shin I, Park W, Huh SJ, Nam SJ, Lee JE, Gil WH, Kim SW. Heterozygous germline mutations in RAD50 among Korean patients with high-risk breast cancer negative for BRCA1/2 mutation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-08-08.
A systematic approach to the delineation of personality disorders
Authors: W J Livesley
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

The author describes a structured approach to the definition of personality disorder diagnoses using traits or generalized behavioral dimensions as the basic unit of definition. Features of personality disorder diagnoses, identified from the clinical literature and rated by psychiatrists for the degree to which they were prototypical of each diagnosis, were classified into 79 behavioral dimensions. A sorting task used to establish whether other clinicians agreed on the classification of highly prototypical features into dimensions yielded satisfactory levels of agreement. A mail survey of a random sample of psychiatrists indicated that these dimensions possessed satisfactory content validity.
General Medicine vs Subspecialty Career Plans Among Internal Medicine Residents
Authors: Colin P. West, Denise M. Dupras
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Current medical training models in the United States are unlikely to produce sufficient numbers of general internists and primary care physicians. Differences in general internal medicine (GIM) career plans between internal medicine residency program types and across resident demographics are not well understood.To evaluate the general medicine career plans of internal medicine residents and how career plans evolve during training.A study of US internal medicine residents using an annual survey linked to the Internal Medicine In-Training Examination taken in October of 2009-2011 to evaluate career plans by training program, sex, and medical school location. Of 67,207 US eligible categorical and primary care internal medicine residents, 57,087 (84.9%) completed and returned the survey. Demographic data provided by the National Board of Medical Examiners were available for 52,035 (77.4%) of these residents, of whom 51,390 (76.5%) responded to all survey items and an additional 645 (1.0%) responded to at least 1 survey item. Data were analyzed from the 16,781 third-year residents (32.2%) in this sample.Self-reported ultimate career plans of internal medicine residents.A GIM career plan was reported by 3605 graduating residents (21.5%). A total of 562 primary care program (39.6%) and 3043 categorical (19.9%) residents reported GIM as their ultimate career plan (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.76; 99% CI, 2.35-3.23; P < .001). Conversely, 10 008 categorical (65.3%) and 745 primary care program (52.5%) residents reported a subspecialty career plan (AOR, 1.90; 99% CI, 1.62-2.23; P < .001). GIM career plans were reported more frequently by women than men (26.7% vs 17.3%, respectively; AOR, 1.69; 99% CI, 1.53-1.87; P < .001). US medical graduates were slightly more likely to report GIM career plans than international medical graduates (22.0% vs 21.1%, respectively; AOR, 1.76; 99% CI, 1.50-2.06; P < .001). Within primary care programs, US medical graduates were much more likely to report GIM career plans than international medical graduates (57.3% vs 27.3%, respectively; AOR, 3.48; 99% CI, 2.58-4.70; P < .001). Compared with their counterparts, maintaining a first-year GIM career plan over the course of their training was more likely among primary care program residents (68.2% vs 52.3%; AOR, 1.81; 99% CI, 1.25-2.64; P < .001), women (62.4% vs 47.2%; AOR, 1.75; 99% CI, 1.34-2.29; P < .001), and US medical graduates (60.9% vs 49.2%; AOR, 1.48; 99% CI, 1.13-1.93; P < .001).Reported GIM career plans were markedly less common than subspecialty career plans among internal medicine residents, including those in primary care training programs, and differed according to resident sex, medical school location, and program type.
Abstract 37: AKT1 activation promotes brain metastasis in a mouse model of melanoma
Authors: David Kircher, Joseph Cho, James Robinson, Rowan Arave, Russell Green, Guo Chen, Michael Davies, Allie Grossmann, Matthew VanBrocklin, Martin McMahon, Sheri Holmen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Brain metastases are a major cause of melanoma-related mortality and morbidity. The molecular mechanisms driving melanoma to the brain remain largely unclear, adding to the difficulties in both treating and prognosticating risk for this disease complication. One of the great barriers impeding the study of melanoma brain metastasis is the lack of an in vivo model that faithfully mimics the human disease. Based on previous studies implicating aberrant AKT signaling in human melanoma brain metastases, we evaluated the effect of activated AKT1 expression in non-metastatic BRAFV600E/INK4A-ARFNull mouse melanomas in vivo. Expression of activated AKT1 in this context resulted in highly metastatic melanomas with lung and brain metastases in 67% and 17% of our mice, respectively. Surprisingly, silencing of PTEN in BRAFV600E/INK4A-ARFNull melanomas did not yield a statistically significant metastatic phenotype but in combination with activated AKT1 resulted in decreased tumor latency and development of brain metastases in nearly 80% of tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, we found evidence of increased mTOR signaling in BRAFV600E/INK4A-ARFNull mouse melanomas expressing activated AKT1 relative to PTEN-null counterparts. This study advances the field of melanoma brain metastasis by (1) providing the first in vivo, autochthonous model of melanoma with spontaneous metastasis to the lungs and brain, (2) demonstrating that expression of activated AKT1 is sufficient to elicit brain metastasis in BRAFV600E/INK4A-ARFNull mouse melanomas and (3) revealing distinct differences and cooperation between AKT1 activation and PTEN silencing in metastatic melanoma progression. In summary, this work advances our knowledge of the mechanisms driving melanoma brain metastasis and may provide valuable insights for the clinical management of this disease. Citation Format: David Kircher, Joseph Cho, James Robinson, Rowan Arave, Russell Green, Guo Chen, Michael Davies, Allie Grossmann, Matthew VanBrocklin, Martin McMahon, Sheri Holmen. AKT1 activation promotes brain metastasis in a mouse model of melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Integrating Clinical Genomics and Cancer Therapy; Jun 13-16, 2015; Salt Lake City, UT. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(1_Suppl):Abstract nr 37.
437P Activity of S-1 for non-small cell lung cancer pretreated with pemetrexed
Authors: Y. Nakahara, Y. Takagi, M. Nagamata, K. Watanabe, S. Takahashi, M. Yomota, Y. Okuma, Y. Hosomi, T. Okamura, N. Masuda
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Administrative relationships between state hospitals and academic psychiatry departments
Authors: L R Faulkner, J S Eaton, R M Rankin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

To review administrative relationships between academic departments of psychiatry and state hospitals the authors sent a questionnaire survey to chairmen of the 115 psychiatry departments in the United States with approved residency programs, receiving responses from 98 (85%). They discuss three types of relationships and examine the nature of the training of university residents in state hospitals, providing suggestions for integrating service-oriented settings such as state hospitals into an academic psychiatry program.
Pulmonary aspergilloma.
Authors: J Jeles, A Tichy
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Pulmonary AspergillomaFrom time to time spores of the fungus aspergillus are inevitably inhaled into the lungs from the atmosphere.Occasionally they stimulate the formation of antibodies in the serum of healthy persons.When the lungs are chroni- cally damaged, for example by sarcoidosis or pneumoconiosis,
Discrimination between panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder by 35% carbon dioxide challenge
Authors: K Verburg, E Griez, J Meijer, H Pols
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The authors' goal was to determine whether 35% carbon dioxide (CO2) challenge would discriminate between patients with panic disorder and patients with other anxiety disorders.Nine patients with panic disorder and nine with generalized anxiety disorder underwent the 35% CO2 challenge.Patients with panic disorder experienced a significantly stronger increase in subjective anxiety than patients with generalized anxiety disorder. However, increases in panic symptom scores were high in both groups.These results suggest that a large increase in subjective anxiety due to the CO2 challenge is specific for patients with panic disorder but that an increase in panic symptoms is not.
Increased plasma concentration of ribavirin as a result of renal dysfunction in hepatitis C virus patients treated with telaprevir
Authors: Stefan Mauss, Dietrich Hueppe, Ulrich Alshuth
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

We thank Tempestilli and colleagues for presenting additional data on the possible interaction of telaprevir, renal function, drug levels of ribavirin, and degree of anemia. In this correspondence the authors describe an association of telaprevir treatment, decrease in enhanced glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and increase in ribavirin blood levels. After discontinuation of telaprevir at week 12, renal impairment and ribavirin dose increase are reversed, which is in agreement with our observation. This argues for a sequential appearance of renal impairment due to telaprevir followed by an increase in ribavirin drug levels resulting in a more pronounced anemia. To further support this hypothesis it would be nice to incorporate the time course of the hemoglobin level in their fig. 1. This would allow better assessment of the role of anemia as a cause or consequence of renal impairment. This question also remains unanswered in a recently published article by Karino et al.1 Hypoxemia due to profound anemia may be a competing explanation for renal impairment due to a direct toxic effect, which could be excluded by the appearance of a marked decline of hemoglobin after the decrease of eGFR. Stefan Mauss, M.D. Dietrich Hueppe, M.D. Ulrich Alshuth, M.D. Center for HIV and Hepatogastroenterology Duesseldorf, Germany
Abstract 226: Nitroxyl Activates SERCA in Cardiac Myocytes via Reversible S-Glutathiolation of Cysteine-674
Authors: Jingmei Zhang, Steven Lancel, Alicia Evangelista, Mario P Trucillo, Deborah A Siwik, Richard A Cohen, Wilson S Colucci
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Oxidative modifications of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) regulate enzyme activity in vascular smooth muscle. In myocardium, nitroxyl anion (HNO) generated from Angeli’s sal...
Intraoperative Radiation Therapy
Authors: C Campbell, R Iwamoto
Journal: JAMA (1984)

1. Local and regional recurrence of disease is a major problem in cancer management. Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) combines surgery with irradiation to treat any disease remaining after surgery and to decrease the local recurrence rates for certain cancers. 2. The development of an IORT treatment program is often undertaken by groups and institutions with expertise in multidisciplinary oncology, particularly surgical and radiation oncology. The program uses multiple resources, requiring cooperation and teamwork to achieve an efficient procedure with maximum patient outcome. 3. The process should be reviewed and modified each time it is performed. There is no "standard" way to use IORT, and every program will have variations that adapt to the circumstances existing in each specific facility.
Physicians' nonverbal behaviors: Oncology patients perspective.
Authors: H. V. Naina, S. Harris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

6158 Background: Studies have shown an association between physician nonverbal behaviors and patient satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to determine the nonverbal behaviors of physicians preferred by cancer patients. Methods: A survey questionnaire was given to patients who were receiving chemotherapy at the Mayo clinic out patient chemotherapy unit. Questions included patient demographics and patients' preference on the nonverbal behaviors. The responses were rated into three groups (agree, don't mind, disagree). Results: A total of 253 patients were surveyed. The mean age of these patients were 68 (23-87) years. One hundred and forty eight (58%) patients were females. Majority of the patients had solid cancers 201 (79%). When patients were asked if they preferred the physician standing during the medical interview, 41 (16%) agreed and 34 (13%) disagreed while the majority178 (71%) did not mind. Similarly when asked about the preference of their doctors sitting on a chair, 85 (34%) patients agreed with physician sitting on a chair while 13 (5%) patients disagreed. When asked about the propriety of patting the shoulder when patients appeared emotional, 56% found it acceptable. Similarly holding the patient's hand was favored by 45 (22%). When patients were asked about the preference of physician sitting on the bed 179 (77%) of the patients did not mind, 51 (20%) of the patients disagreed while 23 (9%) patients agreed. When patients were asked how often they had a physician sitting on their bed without asking them, 23 (9%) patients reported either some times or frequently. When asked about which position makes the patients most comfortable 23 (9%) patients reported sitting on the bed, 55 (22%) patients preferred standing while majority of the patients 175 (69%) reported sitting on a chair. Conclusions: Patients from our study preferred physicians adopt a seated posture during the medical interview. When patients were feeling emotional, they preferred patting on the shoulder to holding hands. It is crucial to respect personal space and preferable to avoid sitting on the bed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A case report of leukopenia associated with phenelzine
Authors: A Tipermas, H E Gilman, L M Russakoff
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

Leukopenia, a rare but serious side effect of many psychotropic agents including monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), has not been reported in the literature in association with phenelzine. The authors report such a case and suggest a toxic etiology independent of MAOI activity.
Abstract P5-08-20: Breast cancer patient survival prediction based on the signature derived from DNA methylation and mRNA expression
Authors: HH Yang, MP Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract We analyzed a subset in the TCGA breast cancer data set for the samples with both expression and methylation assays. We first used the three Immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers for ER, PR and HER2 to find methylation sites that showed significant association to the IHC markers with Bonferroni adjustments. We obtained 2616 methylation sites in 2148 genes in the union of these significant methylation sites. On the other hand, based on the gene expression of samples, we selected top one percent most variable genes (179 genes). Intersection of the 2616 methylation markers with the 179 genes resulted in 58 methylation markers in 43 genes. We found 339 samples which have both expression and methylation data from which we can compute the correlation between the expression of a gene and the methylation of a marker in this gene. We defined a methylation expression index (MEI) which was a weighted sum of the expression of the 43 genes using the negative Spearman correlations as the weights. The expression index was applied in the survival analysis in three independent data sets GSE6532, NKI and METABRIC using Kaplan-Meier method and found the significant difference between the patient groups with high and low MEI index. Compared to the signature derived from the first principal component, the MEI gave better survival prediction across different data sets. We used Cox proportional hazards regression model to evaluate the hazard ratio of the MEI with adjustment of the other variables including age, grade, tumor size, ER and node and found HR=1.58 for the MEI with 95% confidence interval [1.06, 2.35]. Citation Format: Yang HH, Lee MP. Breast cancer patient survival prediction based on the signature derived from DNA methylation and mRNA expression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-08-20.
Endpiece: Dangers of anaesthesia, 1884
Authors: Edward Thomas Tibbits
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Relief from pain and suffering, when it can be accomplished with comparative ease and safety, must be regarded as a luxury. But like many luxuries [anaesthesia] has manifest disadvantages. Apart from any danger connected with the diminution or removal of pain, which is an essential part of a complicated natural process, it must not be forgotten that the inhalation of these stupefying vapours produces temporary havoc amongst the cells and fibres of the brain and their functions. The will being paralysed, words are spoken, and actions attempted which in a state of sensibility would never have been uttered or performed, no nor even contemplated. It may be positively affirmed that the involuntary and erratic emanations from the brain, whether in the form of words or actions, cannot be either edifying to the observer, or satisfactory to the patient.
Patient satisfaction: current and future effects on daily clinical (colonoscopy) practice
Authors: Maria Pellisé, Jaume Grau
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Historically, technical and objective medical outcomes have served as the only benchmark upon which endoscopists, as well as surgeons, measured patient satisfaction. While endoscopy has been primarily used to diagnose or treat a specific condition, the main priority of patients has been the optimal resolution of their health issue without stringent demands being placed on them by other aspects of the whole process. Overall, physicians felt at ease with this position of strength and allowed themselves to neglect some qualitative and subjective aspects of the health service; however, this scenario is no longer valid.