tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perinatal and neonatal mortality.
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Ozet Amac: Perinatal ve neonatal mortalite bir ulkenin en onemli toplum sagligi sorunlarindan birisidir. Gebeligin sonuclari, prenatal ve neonatal donemin kalitesini gosterdiginden, ulkenin sosyal ve ekonomik gelismisligini gosteren onemli belirteclerindendir. Ulkelerin gelismislik duzeyine gore perinatal ve neonatal mortalite etyolojisi degiskenlik gostermektedir. Gelismekte olan ulkelerde uzamis eylem, preeklampsi ve enfeksiyon en sik nedenler iken, gelismis ulkelerde konjenital anomaliler veya karyotip anomalileri, gelisme geriligine neden olacak plasental problemler, annenin medikal hastaliklari en sik nedenler olarak karsimiza cikmaktadir. Onemli olan perinatal ve neonatal mortaliteye neden olan durumlari aydinlatmaktir, bu da bir hastanedeki, bolgedeki veya ulkedeki bireysel ya da grup olarak mortalite vakalarinin analiz edilmesi ile degerlendirilir. Vakalar, mortaliteye neden olan durumlarin degerlendirilmesi, onleme stratejileri alinmasi ve perinatal bakimin denetlenmesi icin siniflandirilmalidir. Perinatal olumleri siniflandirmak icin 35'den fazla siniflama yapilmistir herbirinin guclu ve zayif yanlari vardir ancak hicbiri uluslararasi duzeyde kabul edilmemistir. Onemli olan hangi sistem kullaniliyorsa uygun ve dogru bir sekilde kullanilmasi ve degerlendirilmesidir. Amac perinatal ve neonatal mortaliteye neden olan durumlarin ortaya koyulmasi ile onleme stratejilerinin alinmasi ve bir ulkenin mortalite hizlarini azaltmak olmalidir. Abstract Aim: Perinatal and neonatal mortality is one of the most important public health problem in a country. As pregnancy outcomes reflect the quality of prenatal and neonatal period, they are one of the most important indicators of social and economic development. The etiology of perinatal and neonatal mortality varies according to the degree of countries' development. In developing countries prolonged labor, preeclampsia and infection are common causes whereas in developed countries congenital or karyotypic anomalies, placental problems that cause growth restriction, medical problems of mothers are the most common causes. It is important to find out the conditions leading to perinatal and neonatal mortality, it can be evaluated through the analysis of mortality cases as individual or group in a hospital, region or country. Cases should be classified for the evaluation of situations that lead to mortality, prevention strategies and monitoring perinatal care. There are more than 35 published classifying systems, all have their own strengths and weakness, none of them has been universally accepted. It is important to use and evaluate correctly and appropriately which of them is preferred. The goal is to reduce mortality rates of a country by detection of situations leading to perinatal and neonatal mortality and with prevention strategies.
Possible paradoxical occurrence of inflammatory arthritis in patients with psoriasis treated with biologics: findings in the Biobadaderm cohort
Authors: D. Ruiz-Genao, B. Perez-Zafrilla, J.L. Lopez-Estebaranz, I. Belinchón-Romero, J.M. Carrascosa, M. Ferrán, F. Vanaclocha, E. Herrera-Ceballos, I. García-Doval
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)
Routine pre-procedural rectal indometacin versus selective post-procedural rectal indometacin to prevent pancreatitis in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a multicentre, single-blinded, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hui Luo, Lina Zhao, Joseph Leung, Rongchun Zhang, Zhiguo Liu, Xiangping Wang, Biaoluo Wang, Zhanguo Nie, Ting Lei, Xun Li, Wence Zhou, Lingen Zhang, Qi Wang, Ming Li, Yi Zhou, Qian Liu, Hao Sun, Zheng Wang, Shuhui Liang, Xiaoyang Guo, Qin Tao, Kaichun Wu, Yanglin Pan, Xuegang Guo, Daiming Fan
Journal: The Lancet (2016)
Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, metabolism and excretion of δ-viniferin in rats
Authors: Ping Mao, Yinping Lei, Tingting Zhang, Chen Ma, Bo Jin, Tong Li
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2016)

A highly rapid and sensitive liquid chromatographic–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (LC–ESI-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of trans-δ-viniferin (Rs-1) in rat plasma, urine and feces. All biological samples were prepared by liquid–liquid extraction and hesperetin was included as an internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was achieved on a shim-pack XR-ODS column using a gradient mobile phase. MS/MS detection was performed by negative ion electrospray ionization. The method was sensitive with a lower limit of quantification of 1.42 ng/mL and linear over the range of 1.42–2172 ng/mL in all matrices. The method was applied to study the pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, metabolism, and excretion of Rs-1 in rats following a single oral or intravenous dose. Two metabolites, Rs-1 glucuronide and Rs-1 sulfate, were detected in plasma and in urine after administration of Rs-1. The absolute oral bioavailability of Rs-1 was 2.3%, and the total absorption rose to 31.5% with addition of its glucuronide and sulfate metabolites. Only 0.09% of the gavaged dose, including Rs-1 and metabolites, was excreted in the urine, while 60.3% was found in the feces in unchanged form. The results indicate that both poor absorption and extensive metabolism were the important factors that led to the poor bioavailability of Rs-1, which can provide a basis for further studies on structural modification and dosage form design.
Effects of Referral to a Specialist for Headache
Authors: Ray M Fitzpatrick, Anthony P Hopkins
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1983)

Patients consulting neurological outpatient clinics for headaches that were found not to be due to a serious structural lesion were followed up one year afterwards. Considerable improvement in symptoms was found in the sample. This was only partly attributable to any medical treatment received at the clinics or subsequently from a general practitioner. Improvement was associated with previously expressed satisfaction with the clinic consultation, and a nonspecific `placebo' response is postulated.
Adjunctive Nutraceuticals for Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Jerome Sarris, Jenifer Murphy, David Mischoulon, George I. Papakostas, Maurizio Fava, Michael Berk, Chee H. Ng
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2016)

Objective: There is burgeoning interest in augmentation strategies for improving inadequate response to antidepressants. The adjunctive use of standardized pharmaceutical-grade nutrients, known as nutraceuticals, has the potential to modulate several neurochemical pathways implicated in depression. While many studies have been conducted in this area, to date no specialized systematic review (or meta-analysis) has been conducted. Method: A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was conducted up to December 2015 for clinical trials using adjunctive nutrients for depression. Where sufficient data were available, a random-effects model analyzed the standard mean difference between treatment and placebo in the change from baseline to endpoint, combining the effect size data. Funnel plot and heterogeneity analyses were also performed. Results: Primarily positive results were found for replicated studies testing S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), methylfolate, omega-3 (primarily EPA or ethyl-EPA), and vitamin D, with positive isolated studies for creatine, folinic acid, and an amino acid combination. Mixed results were found for zinc, folic acid, vitamin C, and tryptophan, with nonsignificant results for inositol. No major adverse effects were noted in the studies (aside from minor digestive disturbance). A meta-analysis of adjunctive omega-3 versus placebo revealed a significant and moderate to strong effect in favor of omega-3. Conversely, a meta-analysis of folic acid revealed a nonsignificant difference from placebo. Marked study heterogeneity was found in a Higgins test for both omega-3 and folic acid studies; funnel plots also revealed asymmetry (reflecting potential study bias). Conclusions: Current evidence supports adjunctive use of SAMe, methylfolate, omega-3, and vitamin D with antidepressants to reduce depressive symptoms.
162P Updated analysis: Phase II trial of irinotecan plus S-1 (IRIS) with cetuximab (IRIS/Cet) in pre-treated patients with KRAS wild type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): HGCSG0902
Authors: A. Hosokawa, S. Yuki, Y. Kawamoto, T. Ando, O. Muto, M. Nakamura, T. Kato, I. Iwanaga, K. Hatanaka, Y. Tsuji, A. Sato, K. Eto, K. Furukawa, H. Okuda, H. Hayashi, K. Fujikawa, M. Kudo, T. Honda, Y. Sakata, Y. Komatsu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Abstract 25: Favorable Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Profile is Associated with Lower Healthcare Costs: The 2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey
Authors: Javier Valero-Elizondo, Joseph A Salami, Oluseye Ogunmoroti, Ehimen C Aneni, Rehan Malik, Erica S Spatz, Jamal S Rana, Salim S Virani, Ron Blankstein, Michael J Blaha, Emir Veledar, Khurram Nasir
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: The AHA’s 2020 Strategic Goals emphasize the value of favorable modifiable risk factor (MRF) profile to reduce the burden of CVD morbidity and mortality. In this study we aimed to quantify the overall and incremental impact of MRF on health care expenditure in the U.S among those with and without CVD. Methods: The study population was derived from the 2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), a nationally representative adult sample (≥ 40 years). Direct costs were calculated for all-cause health care resource utilization. Variables of interest included CVD diagnoses (coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, dysrhythmias or heart failure), ascertained by ICD-9-CM codes, and MRF (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, physical activity and/or obesity). Two-part econometric models were utilized to study cost data; a generalized linear model with gamma distribution and link log was used to assess expenditures, taking into consideration the survey’s complex design. Results: The final study sample consisted of 15,651 MEPS participants (57 ± 12 years, 52% female). Overall, 6,231 (39%) had 0-1, 7,429 (49%) had 2-3, and 1,991 (12%) had ≥ 4 MRF, translating to 55.5, 69.9 and 17.9 million adults ≥ 40 years in U.S, respectively. Generally, there was a direct decrease in health expenditures with favorable MRF across CVD status (Table). These differences persisted after taking into account demographics, insurance status and comorbid conditions. Among those without established CVD, the average medical expenditure was $4,013 (95% CI 5,117, 2,910) and $2,696 (95% CI 4,416, 977) lower for those with 0-1 &amp; 2-3 MRF, as compared to those with ≥ 4 MRF. Conclusion: Favorable MRF profile is associated with significantly lower medical expenditure among individuals with and without established CVD. Our study provides robust estimates for potential healthcare savings with nationwide policies focusing on preventing and managing modifiable CV risk factors.
Quality of Care for White and Hispanic Medicare Advantage Enrollees in the United States and Puerto Rico
Authors: Maricruz Rivera-Hernandez, Bryan Leyva, Laura M. Keohane, Amal N. Trivedi
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Geographic, racial, and ethnic variations in quality of care and outcomes have been well documented among the Medicare population. Few data exist on beneficiaries living in Puerto Rico, three-quarters of whom enroll in Medicare Advantage (MA). To determine the quality of care provided to white and Hispanic MA enrollees in the United States and Puerto Rico. A cross-sectional study of MA enrollees in 2011 was conducted, including white enrollees in the United States (n = 6 289 374), Hispanic enrollees in the United States (n = 795 039), and Hispanic enrollees in Puerto Rico (n = 267 016). The study was conducted from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2011; data analysis took place from January 19, 2015, to January 2, 2016. Seventeen performance measures related to diabetes mellitus (including hemoglobin A1c control, retinal eye examination, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol control, nephropathy screening, and blood pressure control), cardiovascular disease (including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol control, blood pressure control, and use of a β-blocker after myocardial infarction), cancer screening (colorectal and breast), and appropriate medications (including systemic corticosteroids and bronchodilators for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs). Of the 7.35 million MA enrollees in the United States and Puerto Rico in our study, 1.06 million (14.4%) were Hispanic. Approximately 25.1% of all Hispanic MA enrollees resided in Puerto Rico, which was more than those residing in any state. For 15 of the 17 measures assessed, Hispanic MA enrollees in Puerto Rico received worse care compared with Hispanics in the United States, with absolute differences in performance rates ranging from 2.2 percentage points for blood pressure control in diabetes mellitus (P = .03) to 31.3 percentage points for use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy (P < .01). Adjusted performance differences between Hispanic MA enrollees in Puerto Rico and Hispanic MA enrollees in the United States exceeded 20 percentage points for 3 measures: use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy (-23.8 percentage points [95% CI, -30.9 to -16.8]), use of systemic corticosteroid in COPD exacerbation (-21.3 percentage points [95% CI, -27.5 to -15.1]), and use of bronchodilator therapy in COPD exacerbation (-22.7 percentage points [95% CI, -27.7 to -17.6]). We found modest differences in care between white and Hispanic MA enrollees in the United States but substantially worse care for enrollees in Puerto Rico compared with their US counterparts. Major efforts are needed to improve care delivery on the island to a level equivalent to the United States.
Late transmural mesh migration into the esophagus after Nissen fundoplication
Authors: Cátia Leitão, Helena Ribeiro, Ana Caldeira, Rui Sousa, António Banhudo
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

A 71-year-old woman was referred to the gastroenterology department with progressive dysphagia and weight loss over 4 weeks. She had undergone a laparoscopic fundoplication with closure of the hiatal crura with mesh 5 years previously for heartburn due to gastroesophageal reflux disease and a large hiatal hernia.
Endoscopic cholecystogastrostomy in a patient with gallbladder empyema secondary to cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Bharat Paranandi, Manu Nayar, John Scott, Richard Charnley, Colin Wilson, Kofi Oppong
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) is reported to have comparable efficacy to percutaneous drainage [1]. However, the technique has not been widely adopted owing to lack of specific devices and concerns about leakage and stent migration. Lumen-apposing metal stents have been developed to minimize the risks and simplify the procedure [2]. A novel device has recently become available (Hot AXIOS; Boston Scientific Corp., Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA), and consists of a stent (stent diameter 15 mm, stent length 10 mm, flange diameter 24 mm) and electrocautery-enhanced delivery system, enabling a single device to be used when previously multiple devices and steps were required. To date, only a single case report of its use for EUS-GBD has been published [3]. We report on the use of this device for EUS-GBD in a 68-year-old woman with obstructive jaundice due to inoperable hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
In vivo selection of metastatic lung cancer variants is associated with altered expression of notch and hedgehog stem cell proliferation programs
Authors: Boning Gao, Chunxian Huang, Woochang Lee, John Minna
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

1260  Metastatic disease is the primary cause of death for most lung cancer patients and thus, understanding the molecular mechanism of metastatic behavior is key for developing new treatment strategies. There is considerable evidence that hematologic malignancies and some solid tumors harbor cancer stem cells. This leads to the hypothesis that this tumor stem cell component is essential for the metastatic behavior of the tumor. In developing methods to identify and target lung cancer stem cells we have derived metastatic variants of human lung cancer and tested them for stem cell characteristics compared to the parent tumor from which they were derived. In the present study, we used non-small cell lung cancer cell line NCI-H1299 (p53 null, N-RAS mutant, RASSF1A negative, p16 negative) to generate metastatic isogenic cell lines in xenograft models. We further compared the expression level of stem cell markers in these highly tumorigenic and metastatic cells with parental H1299 cells and determined if the in vivo activities are correlated with stem cell properties. H1299 cells were grown subcutaneously in nude mice, tumor cells harvested, grown in tissue culture for 10 days and re-implanted to form new tumors. This process was repeated at least one more times in 2 independent experiments to yield more than 30 different tumor lines. After this procedure we saw enhanced tumorigenicity and the ability to give metastases compared to the H1299 parental cells. DNA finger print tests confirmed the metastatic variants were all isogenic natures with H1299 cells. Quantitative real time PCR was used to determine the expression level of a panel of 21 stem cell proliferation markers. The highly metastatic lines significantly changed expression (2 to more than 10 fold) of stem cell markers in the notch (upregulated) and hedgehog (down regulated) pathways. We conclude that serial in vivo xenograft selection of non-small cell lung cancers leads to the identification of more tumorigenic and metastatic isogenic variants that have dramatically changed their expression of key stem cell proliferation signature genes. These gene products are thus therapeutic targets for lung cancer metastatic growth.
Natural Language Processing in Oncology
Authors: Wen-wai Yim, Meliha Yetisgen, William P. Harris, Sharon W. Kwan
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

Natural language processing (NLP) has the potential to accelerate translation of cancer treatments from the laboratory to the clinic and will be a powerful tool in the era of personalized medicine. This technology can harvest important clinical variables trapped in the free-text narratives within electronic medical records.Natural language processing can be used as a tool for oncological evidence-based research and quality improvement. Oncologists interested in applying NLP for clinical research can play pivotal roles in building NLP systems and, in doing so, contribute to both oncological and clinical NLP research. Herein, we provide an introduction to NLP and its potential applications in oncology, a description of specific tools available, and a review on the state of the current technology with respect to cancer case identification, staging, and outcomes quantification.More automated means of leveraging unstructured data from daily clinical practice is crucial as therapeutic options and access to individual-level health information increase. Research-minded oncologists may push the avenues of evidence-based research by taking advantage of the new technologies available with clinical NLP. As continued progress is made with applying NLP toward oncological research, incremental gains will lead to large impacts, building a cost-effective infrastructure for advancing cancer care.
Ultrastructure of Tumors Induced in Mice by Moloney and Harvey Strains of Murine Sarcoma Virus2
Authors: J. M. Papadimitriou, D. J. McCully, P. J. Simons
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

The ultrastructure of neoplasms induced in neonatal Prince Henry mice by the Harvey (MSV-H) and Moloney (MSV-M) strains of murine sarcoma virus was examined. Although inflammatory cells and multinucleated giant cells were found in neoplasms induced by both strains, they were more frequent in those produced by MSV-M. A preponderance of abnormal vascular channels, large irregular periendothelial cells, and mesenchymal cells resembling the perivascular cells of developing blood vessels characterized neoplasms induced by MSV-H. Both periendothelial and mesenchymal cells were detected in MSV-M-induced neoplasms, but they lacked the structural irregularities found in similar cells in tumors produced by MSV-H. Differentiation toward striated skeletal muscle was not found in these cells. C-type virus particles budded from mesenchymal cells in all neoplasms, but intracisternal A-type particles were much more frequent in striated muscle cells of animals inoculated with MSV-M. It is suggested that in this experimental system, a malignant transformation of both endothelial and periendothelial cells occurred in neoplasms induced by MSV-H, whereas MSV-M inoculation resulted in transformation of only periendothelial mesenchymal cells.
Low-grade serous primary peritoneal carcinoma.
Authors: D. M. Gershenson, C. C. Sun, A. Malpica, M. Deavers, D. C. Bodurka, K. M. Schmeler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

5057 Background: Low-grade serous carcinomas represent approximately 10% of serous ovarian carcinomas, and have distinct clinical and molecular features compared with high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. However, the incidence and clinical characteristics of low-grade serous primary peritoneal carcinomas (LGSPPC) are unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical and pathologic features of LGSPPC. Methods: A retrospective study of 47 patients with LGSPPC evaluated at a single institution from 1986 to 2007 was performed. All cases were rereviewed by a gynecologic pathologist to confirm low-grade serous histology. Primary peritoneal carcinoma was diagnosed if the ovarian component was: 1) nonexistent, 2) confined to the surface epithelium with no cortical invasion, or 3) involved the ovarian surface and underlying cortical stroma but measured < 5 mm in depth and width. Results: Median age at diagnosis was 54 years (range 27-82). 17 patients (36%) had undergone previous BSO for benign disease a median of 13 years (range 3-33) prior to the diagnosis of LGSPPC. Median CA 125 value at diagnosis was 56 U/mL (range 15-3035). 36 patients (77%) underwent primary surgery, with optimal tumor reduction achieved in 27 (75%) patients. 37 patients (78%) received chemotherapy as part of their initial treatment (n = 32 adjuvant, n = 5 neoadjuvant). The majority of patients (n = 31, 84%) were treated with a taxane/platinum drug combination. 4 patients received hormonal treatment in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents (n = 3 leuprolide acetate, n = 1 letrozole). At the completion of primary treatment, 72% of patients were noted to have persistent or progressive disease. With a median follow-up of 49.2 months, the 3-year survival rate was 93%. Conclusions: Similar to low-grade serous ovarian carcinomas, patients with LGSPPC have lower response rates to conventional chemotherapy and a longer survival when compared with high-grade serous carcinomas. Further study focusing specifically on low-grade serous ovarian and primary peritoneal carcinomas is needed to determine the role of other chemotherapeutic, hormonal or biologic agents in the treatment of this disease. No significant financial relationships to disclose.