tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-171 Calibration test findings of the new verify sns test stimulator
Authors: KJ Etherson, A Davidson, H Close, Y Yiannakou, JM Mason
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) can be an effective treatment for some patients with functional bowel disorders. The highly variable nerve stimulation waveforms generated by the re-usable “brown box” (model 3625, Medtronic US) SNS test stimulator have previously been reported.<sup>1</sup>Since 2013, the single-use digital test stimulator “Verify” (model 3531, Medtronic US) has been used in our trust. Within the UK most clinicians continue to use the brown box; Medtronic no longer manufacture model 3625 and it requires recalibration between patient use. We aimed to assess the Verify stimulator’s output waveform to quantify if this was as variable as the analogue precursor. <h3>Method</h3> A prospective output waveform assessment of 15 used Verify SNS test stimulators using a cross-calibrated oscilloscope (Tektronix model 2230) and a counter-timer (Black Star Apollo 100). Devices were successively loaded with the same AAAA batteries and connected to a constant simulated tissue load (993Ω) circuit with two output electrodes attached to the oscilloscope (Figure 1). The output waveform amplitude and pulse width were measured at clinically used settings and compared with the expected output values (amplitude by V = IR). Devices passed the calibration test if within tolerances of 10% and 20%. <h3>Results</h3> At clinical settings (14 Hz/210 µSec) the measured amplitude and pulse width did not vary significantly from expected at a programmed current of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mAmp, and 100% of devices passed the calibration test (Table 1). 6 devices failed at 0.1milliAmps due to more variation at low energy settings. The variations in device frequency were too small to be measured with the counter-timer and therefore in the order of magnitude of × 10<sup>–4</sup>Hertz. Similarly, the pulse width times were just as accurate at 100, 210 and 400 µSec with the standard deviations 0.48, 0.93 and 0.69 µSec respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> At all clinically relevant settings 100% of the devices passed the calibration test. The failures at 0.1 mAmps are irrelevant (below therapeutic thresholds). Given these results, the lack of manufacturer support for the 3625 model, and its reported variability, we conclude that only the Verify testing device is fit for purpose in clinical practice. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Etherson KJ, Davidson A, Yiannakou Y, Mason JM. Surgeons don’t forget to calibrate: Findings from SNS test stimulators. Gut 2013;<b>62</b>:A27-A8
Adult NG2-Glia Are Required for Median Eminence-Mediated Leptin Sensing and Body Weight Control
Authors: Tina Djogo, Sarah C. Robins, Sarah Schneider, Darya Kryzskaya, Xiaohong Liu, Andrew Mingay, Colleen J. Gillon, Joo Hyun Kim, Kai-Florian Storch, Ulrich Boehm, Charles W. Bourque, Thomas Stroh, Leda Dimou, Maia V. Kokoeva
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2016)
Abstract 20971: Differential Electrophysiological Properties of Atrial Fibroblasts From AF versus Sinus Rhythm Patients
Authors: Yong Zhang, Jingli Ren, Xin Qin, Jia Xia, Baonan Sun, Hiroto Tsujikawa, Jianyanfg Du, Paul Preissler, Daniel Fusco, Bruce Liang, Lixia Yue
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Cardiac fibrosis is associated with a variety of heart diseases including atrial fibrillation (AF). Cardiac fibroblast is the major cell type in cardiac fibrogenesis cascade. However, the biological as well as electrophysiological properties of cardiac fibroblasts are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the functional expression of voltage-gated and non-voltage-gated ion channels in artial fibroblasts from AF patients and SR patients, and their contribution to atrial fibrogenesis. Methods: With informed consent, right atrial biopsies were obtained from AF patients or sinus rhythm (SR) patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Fibroblasts were dissociated from the biopsy samples from SR patients or AF patients. The freshly isolated cells were used for patch-clamp and ratio Ca2+-imaging experiments. Results: We found that there are two types of voltage-gated outward potassium channels in the fibroblasts from SR patients: one is transient outward potassium current (Ito), and the other...
Renal-Replacement Therapy in the Critically Ill — Does Timing Matter?
Authors: Ravindra L. Mehta
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

Deciding when to initiate renal-replacement therapy (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or continuous hemofiltration) in critically ill patients is challenging. Although there is wide acceptance that dialysis should be started in patients with end-stage renal disease when the glomerular filtration rate is 5 to 10 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area, consensus is lacking for patients with acute kidney injury. The current guidelines regarding acute kidney injury note that hyperkalemia, acidosis, or diuretic-resistant fluid overload are potentially fatal, yet they leave the decision to initiate dialysis to the judgment of the clinician,1 resulting in wide variations in interpretation and . . .
Georg Kloss (1787–1854)
Authors: Henry R. Viets
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

DOCTORS who have chosen for their avocation book collecting or historical studies are not unknown. Some even have made these hobbies into a profitable source of income, but the name of Kloss, who assembled a very large private library of the rarest books and then sold it, only to turn to the history of Freemasonry, is scarcely to be found in medical literature. Even Monro,1 the scholarly professor of medicine in Glasgow, fails to mention him in his standard work. The bare facts of his life, however, are easily found. Born in Frankfurt a.M. on July 31, 1787, the son . . .
Nasopharyngeal Microbiome in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Resembles Profile Associated with Increased Childhood Asthma Risk
Authors: Christian Rosas-Salazar, Meghan H. Shilts, Andrey Tovchigrechko, James D. Chappell, Emma K. Larkin, Karen E. Nelson, Martin L. Moore, Larry J. Anderson, Suman R. Das, Tina V. Hartert
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)
Inhibition of Melanogenesis With 5-Bromodeoxyuridine Treatment in a Single Period of DNA Synthesis2
Authors: John W. Kreider, Dale W. Matheson, Barbara Beltz, Murray Rosenthal
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Inhibition of Melanogenesis With 5-Bromodeoxyuridine Treatment in a Single Period of DNA Synthesis Get access John W. Kreider, John W. Kreider 4Department of Pathology, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pa. 17033 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dale W. Matheson, Dale W. Matheson 5Department of Anatomy, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Barbara Beltz, Barbara Beltz 4Department of Pathology, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pa. 17033 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Murray Rosenthal Murray Rosenthal 6Department of Biochemistry, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 5, May 1974, Pages 1537–1540, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.5.1537 Published: 01 May 1974 Article history Received: 25 October 1973 Accepted: 16 January 1974 Published: 01 May 1974
Heterogeneity of Human CD4<sup>+</sup>T Cells Against Microbes
Authors: Federica Sallusto
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2016)

CD4 + T helper (Th) cells play a central role in the adaptive immune response by providing help to B cells and cytotoxic T cells and by releasing different types of cytokines in tissues to mediate protection against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. These functions are performed by different types of Th cells endowed with distinct migratory capacities and effector functions. Here we discuss how studies of the human T cell response to microbes have advanced our understanding of Th cell functional heterogeneity, in particular with the discovery of a distinct Th1 subset involved in the response to Mycobacteria and the characterization of two types of Th17 cells specific for extracellular bacteria or fungi. We also review new approaches to dissect at the clonal level the human CD4 + T cell response induced by pathogens or vaccines that have revealed an unexpected degree of intraclonal diversification and propose a progressive and selective model of CD4 + T cell differentiation.
The revised Declaration of Helsinki: cosmetic or real change?
Authors: Aisha Y Malik, Charles Foster
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2016)

The Declaration of Helsinki, adopted by the World Medical Association’s General Assembly in 1964, is the most important set of guidelines about research on human participants. It both reflects and shapes the ethos of international research ethics. It is a living instrument and is reviewed and revised regularly. Its latest revision was in 2013. There are four substantial changes, reflected in the new Paragraph 15 (which deals with compensation for trial related injuries), Paragraph 33 (relating to placebos), Paragraph 20 (relating to vulnerable groups) and the new Paragraph 34 (relating to post-trial provisions). This article analyses these changes, and asks whether they indicate any shift in the overall philosophy of the Declaration. We conclude that these changes, though significant, are not tectonic. They accord with the spirit that has motivated the Declaration through all its iterations, and indicate a steady, incremental evolution towards a holistic code of research ethics for research on human participants. Patient autonomy, though crucial, is no longer the only concern of the Declaration; distributive justice and beneficence are motivating forces too. While the Declaration is aware of the need to facilitate research, it is equally aware of the need to protect the vulnerable, and of the practical difficulties involved in that protection.
Haptoglobin phenotypes and gene frequencies in unipolar major depression
Authors: M Maes, J Delanghe, S Scharpé, H Y Meltzer, P Cosyns, E Suy, E Bosmans
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

Studies from the authors' laboratory have shown that major depression is accompanied by significantly increased plasma concentrations of positive acute-phase proteins such as haptoglobin. Haptoglobin is characterized by a molecular variation with three known phenotypes (Hp 1-1, Hp 2-1, and Hp 2-2). This study investigated haptoglobin plasma levels and phenotype and gene frequencies in unipolar major depression.Haptoglobin plasma levels of 22 healthy volunteers, 32 patients with minor depression, and 72 patients with major depression were determined by means of a laser nephelometric method. Haptoglobin phenotyping of these 126 subjects and 200 healthy blood donors was also carried out.The patients with major depression exhibited significantly higher haptoglobin plasma levels than the healthy comparison subjects and the patients with minor depression. Subjects with the haptoglobin phenotype Hp 2-2 had significantly lower haptoglobin levels than the phenotype Hp 1-1 and Hp 2-1 carriers. The frequencies of haptoglobin phenotypes Hp 2-1 (61.1%) and Hp 2-2 (20.8%) in the patients with major depression were significantly higher and lower, respectively, than the frequencies in the normal population (i.e., the blood donors: 48.0% and 37.0%, respectively). The frequency of the Hp-1 gene was significantly greater in the patients with major depression (48.6%) than in the normal population (39.0%).Major depression is characterized by a hyperhaptoglobinemia that is largely independent of haptoglobin phenotypes. This altered distribution of haptoglobin phenotypes and genes suggests that genetic variation on chromosome 16 may be associated with that illness.
Abstract 18040: Evidence for Increased mTORC1 and mTORC2 Signaling in Human Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Aiham H Jbeli, Michael A Hagler, Meghana Kunkala, Carolyn M Roos, Thoralf M Sundt, Jordan D Miller
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a prominent condition that can progress to both aortic dissection and rupture, and has a higher prevalence in patients with bicuspid aortic valves. While smooth muscle cell proliferation and matrix remodeling are hallmarks of TAA, mechanisms regulating these phenomena are poorly understood. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that mTOR signaling, a positive regulator of cell proliferation and matrix remodeling enzyme elaboration, is increased in human TAA samples from patients with tricuspid and bicuspid aortic valves. Tissue was acquired at the time of operation, and mTOR activation was measured in aortic tissue from patients with TAA and tricuspid aortic valves (n = 29), TAA and bicuspid aortic valves (n = 29) and normal, non-aneurysmal aortic tissue from organ donors (n = 13). qRT-PCR expression of mTOR (1.29±0.1), Raptor (1.31±0.09, an mTORC1-specific subunit), and Rictor (1.44±0.1, an mTORC2-specific subunit) was significantly increased in tricuspid TAA samples compared to normal aorta (1 ±0.1; p &lt; 0.05 for all). Similar changes were observed in patients with bicuspid TAA, as expression of mTOR (1.33±0.04), Raptor (1.27±0.06) and Rictor (1.65±0.09) were increased compared to normal (p &lt; 0.05 for all). Importantly, protein levels of p-S6K and p-4E-BP1, both of which are well-defined targets of mTORC1 signaling, were increased by approximately two-fold in bicuspid and tricuspid TAA samples compared to normal aorta. Collectively, to our knowledge, this is the first report suggesting increased activity of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling in human thoracic aortic aneurysm. We propose that inhibition of mTOR signaling may be a useful and efficacious intervention to inhibit cellular proliferation and matrix metalloproteinase activation in TAA, ultimately slowing aneurysmal dilatation and progression to aortic dissection and rupture.
The Salem Witch Trials—Bewitchment or Ergotism
Authors: Leela S. Mundra, Eric L. Maranda, Jacqueline Cortizo, Aleksandra Augustynowicz, Shahjahan Shareef, Joaquin J. Jimenez
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Treatments for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Gabriel Thabut, Bruno Crestani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

To the Editor: In reporting the results of the INPULSIS-1 and INPULSIS-2 trials, Richeldi et al. (May 29 issue) 1 describe the use of nintedanib in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In the same issue, King et al. 2 report the results of the Assessment of Pirfenidone to Confirm Efficacy and Safety in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (ASCEND) study of the use of pirfenidone for this condition. In the two INPULSIS trials, a significant and similar benefit with nintedanib versus placebo was observed with respect to the primary end point, the annual rate of decline in forced vital capacity (FVC). In the ASCEND trial, the primary end point was prespecified as the change from baseline to week 52 in the percentage of the predicted FVC, but the test statistic used was based on a “cutoff point” analysis. In the secondary outcome data provided in the ASCEND trial, the mean decline from baseline in FVC over 52 weeks in the placebo group was 428 ml, as compared with an average of 150 to 200 ml per year in contemporary trials. 1,3 Can the authors provide an explanation of this inconsistency?
Sawada S, Ishikawa C, Tanji H, Nakachi S, Senba M, Okudaira T, Uchihara J-N, Taira N, Ohshiro K, Yamada Y, Tanaka Y, Uezato H, Ohshima K, Sasai K, Burgering BMT, Duc Dodon M, Fujii M, Sunakawa H, Mori N. Overexpression of caveolin-1 in adult T-cell leukemia. Blood. 2010; 115(11):2220–2230.
Journal: Blood (2010)
Aspiration of an M2A Capsule
Authors: A R J Schneider, N Hoepffner, W Rösch, W F Caspary
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

A 64-year-old patient was referred to our hospital for further evaluation of anemia. Due to recent mechanical mitral valve replacement, the patient was receiving phenprocoumon for effective anticoagulation. He presented in a markedly impaired clinical condition (174 cm, 47 kg). Since previous upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy had not revealed any bleeding source, wireless small bowel capsule endoscopy was performed.
Evaluation of the “Pipeline” for Development of Medications for Cocaine Use Disorder: A Review of Translational Preclinical, Human Laboratory, and Clinical Trial Research
Authors: Paul W. Czoty, William W. Stoops, Craig R. Rush
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2016)

Cocaine use disorder is a persistent public health problem for which no widely effective medications exist. Self-administration procedures, which have shown good predictive validity in estimating the abuse potential of drugs, have been used in rodent, nonhuman primate, and human laboratory studies to screen putative medications. This review assessed the effectiveness of the medications development process regarding pharmacotherapies for cocaine use disorder. The primary objective was to determine whether data from animal and human laboratory self-administration studies predicted the results of clinical trials. In addition, the concordance between laboratory studies in animals and humans was assessed. More than 100 blinded, randomized, fully placebo-controlled studies of putative medications for cocaine use disorder were identified. Of the 64 drugs tested in these trials, only 10 had been examined in both human and well-controlled animal laboratory studies. Within all three stages, few studies had been conducted for each drug and when multiple studies had been conducted conclusions were sometimes contradictory. Overall, however, there was good concordance between animal and human laboratory results when the former assessed chronic drug treatment. Although only seven of the ten reviewed drugs showed fully concordant results across all three types of studies reviewed, the analysis revealed several subject-related, procedural, and environmental factors that differ between the laboratory and clinical trial settings that help explain the disagreement for other drugs. The review closes with several recommendations to enhance translation and communication across stages of the medications development process that will ultimately speed the progress toward effective pharmacotherapeutic strategies for cocaine use disorder.
Two Years of Adjuvant Tamoxifen Provides a Survival Benefit Compared With No Systemic Treatment in Premenopausal Patients With Primary Breast Cancer: Long-Term Follow-Up (&gt; 25 years) of the Phase III SBII:2pre Trial
Authors: Maria Ekholm, Pär-Ola Bendahl, Mårten Fernö, Bo Nordenskjöld, Olle Stål, Lisa Rydén
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effect of 2 years of adjuvant tamoxifen compared with no systemic treatment (control) in premenopausal patients with breast cancer over different time periods through long-term (&gt; 25 years) follow-up. Patients and Methods Premenopausal patients with primary breast cancer (N = 564) were randomly assigned to 2 years of tamoxifen (n = 276) or no systemic treatment (n = 288). Data regarding date and cause of death were obtained from the Swedish Cause of Death Register. End points were cumulative mortality (CM) and cumulative breast cancer–related mortality (CBCM). The median follow-up for the 250 patients still alive in April 2014 was 26.3 years (range, 22.7 to 29.7 years). Results In patients with estrogen receptor–positive tumors (n = 362), tamoxifen was associated with a marginal reduction in CM (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95% CI, 0.58 to 1.03; P = .075) and a significant reduction in CBCM (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.99; P = .046). The effect seemed to vary over time (CM years 0 to 5: HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.73; years &gt; 5 to 15: HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.91; and after 15 years: HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.48 to 1.42; CBCM years 0 to 5: HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.82; years &gt; 5 to 15: HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.86; and after 15 years: HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.36 to 1.44). Conclusion Two years of adjuvant tamoxifen resulted in a long-term survival benefit in premenopausal patients with estrogen receptor–positive primary breast cancer.
Prospective Study Of An Emergency Department Febrile Neutropenia Pathway In Patients With Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Michael K. Keng, Elaine Thallner, Paul Elson, Christine Zayac, Jennifer Sekeres, Candice M. Wenzell, Erika M. Gallagher, Catherine M. Weber, Marc A. Earl, Sudipto Mukherjee, David J. Seastone, Brad Pohlman, Eric Cober, Beth Rodgers, Virginia B. Foster, Joy Yuhas, Matt Kalaycio, Brian J. Bolwell, Mikkael A. Sekeres
Journal: Blood (2013)
The CKD-EPI-Cystatin C Equation For The Estimation Of Glomerular Filtration Rate Detects Higher Number Of Patients With Thalassemia Major and Renal Impairment, Before and After Treatment With Deferasirox; Is It Time To Change From MDRD To CKD-EPI-Cystatin C equation In Thalassemia?
Authors: Ersi Voskaridou, Dimitrios Christoulas, Athanasios Papatheodorou, Panagiotis Oikonomopoulos, Veroniki Komninaka, Konstantina Repa, Evangelos Terpos
Journal: Blood (2013)
Effect of T-cell depletion as graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis on engraftment, relapse, and disease-free survival in unrelated marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: WR Drobyski, RC Ash, JT Casper, T McAuliffe, MM Horowitz, C Lawton, C Keever, LA Baxter-Lowe, B Camitta, F Garbrecht
Journal: Blood (1994)