tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
Authors: Irvine H. Page
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>Yesterday.—</h3> Many of us are old enough to remember when the doctor was bearded, kindly, unworldly, and brought comfort to mankind. He helped us into life with a resounding spank and out of trouble later with a squeeze of the hand. His was the day when going to bed cured about half of our diseases and getting up the other half! We did not question his authority, his wisdom, or his economics. He prevented some disease, he healed some patients, he brought much happiness, and he was personally a relatively free man. He left us a professional heritage that (1) made and maintained its own standards of performance; (2) used its own judgment in the control of disease; (3) except for the Immigration Service, Pure Food Laws, interstate water control, and vaccinations, had heard nothing of Washington, the Establishment, or the Public Health Service; (4) financed itself chiefly on a
Uteroplacental Circulation
Authors: J P Schaaps, J Hustin, R Lambotte
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hepatitis B
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Hepatitis BH epatitis B is a viral infection of the liver.Along with other hepatitis types (such as hepatitis C and hepatitis E), hepatitis B is caused by transmission (spread) of the virus through blood and body fluids.Some persons infected with hepatitis B develop a chronic infection, become carriers, and are then able to pass on the infection to others.All individuals with hepatitis B are at higher risk of developing liver cancer and cirrhosis of the liver.Hepatitis A is a less serious type of viral liver infection that is transmitted by the fecal-oral route (by contaminated water, food, surfaces, and hands).Hepatitis B affects more than 300 million individuals worldwide and is a serious health problem in many industrialized nations and developing countries.Most people who have chronic hepatitis B were infected at birth or in early childhood.The April 13, 2011, issue of JAMA includes an article about hepatitis B vaccine.
Against “Healthy Paternalism” at the End of Life—Reply
Authors: Paul Mathew, David J. Einstein, Keren Ladin
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Transplantation of Spontaneous and Induced Hepatomas in Inbred Mice
Authors: Andervont, Howard B., Dunn, Thelma B.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1952)

Journal Article Transplantation of Spontaneous and Induced Hepatomas in Inbred Mice Get access Howard B. Andervont, Howard B. Andervont National Cancer Institute2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thelma B. Dunn Thelma B. Dunn National Cancer Institute2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 13, Issue 2, October 1952, Pages 455–503, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/13.2.455 Published: 01 October 1952 Article history Received: 04 June 1952 Published: 01 October 1952
AB0945 Clues to Recognize Fibromyalgia From a Patient Self-Report Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ) and Physician Rheumetric Checklist
Authors: E. Nikiphorou, A.F. Negoescu, I. Castrejon, T. Pincus
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and a broad range of symptoms. While FM generally is easily recognized, it may pose a diagnostic challenge, particularly in patients with mild inflammatory diseases. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess whether a two-page patient self-report Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ) and one-page physician RHEUMETRIC checklist can provide strong clues to the presence of FM. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients seen in one academic clinical setting complete a two-page MDHAQ in 5-10 minutes in the waiting area, prior to seeing the rheumatologist, in the infrastructure of usual care. The MDHAQ includes physical function (FN) in 10 activities of daily living scored 0-10, three 0-10 visual analog scales (VAS) for pain (PN), patient global estimate (PATGL), and fatigue (FT), a 60-item symptom checklist, and demographic data. Scores were computed for RAPID 3 (0-30, i.e., the sum of three 0-10 scores for FN, PN and PATGL), total number of symptoms (0-60), and fatigue VAS. RHEUMETRIC is a one-page physician checklist with four 0-10 VAS for overall global patient status (DOCGL), and levels of inflammation (reversible signs) (DOCINFL), damage (irreversible signs) (DOCDAM), and “neither” inflammation nor damage (DOCNON) e.g. fibromyalgia. Mean MDHAQ and RHEUMETRIC scores were compared in 4 diagnosis groups: rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), osteoarthritis (OA), fibromyalgia (FM), using MANOVA, adjusted for age, symptom duration and education. <h3>Results</h3> Analyses included 205 patients, 50 with RA, 66 with SLE, 57 with OA, and 32 with FM. Mean scores on each of the MDHAQ scales were significantly higher in FM than in other diagnoses (p&lt;0.01) (Table). DOCGL also was highest in FM, while DOCINF was significantly lower. DOCINF was highest in RA, DOCDAM was highest in OA, and DOCNON was highest in FM (p&lt;0.001) (Table). <h3>Conclusions</h3> A diagnosis of FM is made on the basis of a patient history and physical examination. Simple 2-page patient and physician questionnaires provide standard information from a patient history and physician evaluation, which may include useful clues to the presence of FM. Completion of an MDHAQ by each patient and RHEUMETRIC by rheumatologists at each visit could be of value to recognize FM in busy clinical settings. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Cytological Studies on the Nature of the Cytoplasmic Particulates in the Cloudman S91 Mouse Melanoma, the Derived Algire S91A Partially Amelanotic Melanoma, and the Harding-Passey Mouse Melanoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M. W. Woods, H. G. duBuy, Dean Burk, Marie L. Hesselbach
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1949)

Journal Article Cytological Studies on the Nature of the Cytoplasmic Particulates in the Cloudman S91 Mouse Melanoma, the Derived Algire S91A Partially Amelanotic Melanoma, and the Harding-Passey Mouse Melanoma Get access M. W. Woods, M. W. Woods Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. G. duBuy, H. G. duBuy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dean Burk, Dean Burk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marie L. Hesselbach Marie L. Hesselbach National Cancer Institute and Laboratory of Physical Biology, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, Federal Security Agency Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 9, Issue 4, February 1949, Pages 311–323, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/9.4.311 Published: 01 February 1949 Article history Received: 18 May 1948 Published: 01 February 1949
Dose-Adjusted EPOCH +/- Rituximab in Older Patients with High Grade Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Burkitt and T-Cell Lymphoma: An Effective Regimen with Acceptable Toxicity Profile
Authors: Colette N Owens, Jocelyn C Migliacci, Steven M. Horwitz, Matthew J Matasar, Alison J Moskowitz, Ariela Noy, Maria Lia Palomba, Carol S. Portlock, David J. Straus, Anas Younes, Andrew D. Zelenetz, Paul A. Hamlin
Journal: Blood (2014)
Updated efficacy and quality-of-life (QoL) analyses in OPTIMAL, a phase III, randomized, open-label study of first-line erlotinib versus gemcitabine/carboplatin in patients with <i>EGFR</i>-activating mutation-positive (<i>EGFR</i> Act Mut+) advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Authors: C. Zhou, Y. L. Wu, G. Chen, J. F. Feng, X. Liu, C. Wang, S. Zhang, J. Wang, S. Zhou, S. Ren, S. Lu, L. Zhang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

7520 Background: OPTIMAL demonstrated the superiority of erlotinib (E) vs gemcitabine/carboplatin (G/C) in terms of progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR) and tolerability in first-line advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR Act Mut+ disease. We provide updated PFS data and the first report of the pre-planned QoL analyses. Methods: Chemonaïve patients with EGFR Act Mut+ advanced NSCLC, ECOG PS 0–2 and measurable disease (n=165) were randomized to E (150mg/d, until unacceptable toxicity or progressive disease [PD]), or G/C (G [1000mg/m2, d1, 8] + C [AUC5, d1], q3w for up to 4 cycles), and stratified by histology, smoking status and mutation type. The primary endpoint was PFS; secondary endpoints included ORR, overall survival, QoL (FACT-L, TOI, LCSS) and safety. The QoL questionnaire was administered at randomization and every 6 weeks until PD. Clinical improvement in QoL was predefined as an improvement of ≥6 total points on the FACT-L and TOI, or an improvement of ≥2 total points on the LCSS. P-values for QoL were calculated with logistic regression, with PS, smoking history and gender as covariates. Results: Of 165 patients randomized, 154 were included in the study population (82 E; 72 G/C). In the primary analysis, PFS was significantly prolonged with E vs G/C: median PFS of 13.1 vs 4.6 mos; HR 0.16; p<0.0001 (Zhou et al, ESMO 2010). By the cut-off date of Jan 7, 2011, an updated analysis showed median PFS of 13.7 vs 4.6 mos; HR 0.164; p<0.0001). Patients with a baseline and ≥1 post-baseline QoL assessment (n=128; 83.2% of study patients) were included in the QoL analysis (74 E; 54 G/C). Compared with the G/C group, the E group had a clinically relevant improvement in QoL, as assessed by scores on the FACT-L (73% vs 29.6%; odds ratio [OR] 6.9; 95% CI 3.07–15.48; p<0.0001), the LCSS (75.7% vs 31.5%; OR 6.77; 95% CI 3.04–15.05; p<0.0001) and the TOI ( 71.6% vs 24.1%; OR 7.79; 95% CI 3.44–17.66; p<0.0001). Conclusions: E improved PFS compared with G/C as first-line treatment for EGFR Act Mut+ NSCLC. Patients’ QoL was also significantly improved with E vs G/C.
SP0083 Alteration of Nucleosome Structure and Amelioration of Murine Lupus by Topoisomerase I Inhibitors
Authors: S. Frese
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

The treatment of lupus nephritis is still an unmet medical need requiring new therapeutic approaches. We found by serendipity that irinotecan, an inhibitor of topoisomerase I (topo I), reversed proteinuria and prolonged survival in NZB/NZW mice with advanced lupus nephritis. It was known before that the highly conserved enzyme topo I mediates DNA relaxation by inducing single-stranded DNA breaks followed by its re-ligation to reconstitute double-stranded (ds) DNA. It was also established that topo I inhibitors stabilizes the complex of DNA and topo I. As a consequence irinotecan induces cell death (apoptosis) exclusively in rapidly dividing cells explaining why irinotecan is used for the treatment of metastatic cancer. In contrast to this we demonstrated that the dose of irinotecan necessary to suppress established lupus nephritis was more than 50 times lower than the dose used for chemotherapy. Moreover, irinotecan inhibited apoptosis in the kidneys of lupus-prone mice. Both results indicated that the molecular pathways targeted by irinotecan for chemotherapy and for the suppression of lupus nephritis are not similar. Also of importance, while currently unselective immunosuppressive drugs remain the central strategy to control lupus flares, we showed that irinotecan-induced amelioration of lupus nephritis was not accompanied by a relevant immunosuppression. Looking for the molecular mechanism we demonstrated that topo I-induced relaxation of supercoiled DNA enhanced the binding of lupus-derived anti-dsDNA antibodies; an effect which was prevented by inhibition of topo I. In conclusion, our data suggest that targeting DNA relaxation by topo I inhibitors may be a promising new treatment option for systemic lupus erythematosus. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Variability of Hepatic 18F-FDG Uptake at Interim PET in Patients With Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Domenico Rubello, Pierre Gordien, Camille Morliere, Martine Guyot, Laurence Bordenave, Patrick M. Colletti, Elif Hindié
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

When evaluating response of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) to chemotherapy on interim (18)F-FDG-PET/CT, physiological liver uptake is used as reference. Hodgkin lymphoma sites with uptake greater than liver are interpreted as positive. We aimed at examining factors that might influence liver uptake as reference organ.Fifty patients with HL who received baseline (18)F-FDG-PET/CT (PET1) and interim PET (PET2), usually after 2 cycles of adriamycin bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine chemotherapy, were included retrospectively. SUVmean normalized for body weight (SUVmean) and for lean body mass (SULmean) were obtained from regions of interest in the right lobe of the liver.On univariate analysis, liver SUVmean on interim PET increased with increasing body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.0453) and were higher in women (P = 0.0401). These factors remained significant on multivariate analysis (P = 0.009 and P = 0.008, respectively). No significant correlation was found with postinjection delay, blood glucose level, and age. Liver SULmean were not affected by the studied variables. Average liver SUVmean in the 50 patients were similar at baseline and interim PET. In 11 patients (22%), however, there was 30% or greater variation in liver SUVmean between PET1 and PET2. No factors explaining intrapatient variation in hepatic uptake between PET1 and PET2 were found on correlation analysis.At interim PET in patients with HL, liver SUVmean depends on BMI and sex, but not liver SULmean. Furthermore, our study, conducted with standard clinical procedure, also confirmed the high range of liver uptake values from one patient to another. Caution is required when using liver SUV as reference in patients with high BMI. Intrapatient fluctuation in liver SUVmean should also be expected.
Parents' reactions to the death of an adult child from cancer
Authors: S B Shanfield, A H Benjamin, B J Swain
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

Twenty-four parents whose adult children had died of cancer completed a bereavement questionnaire and the Brief Symptom Inventory an average of 2 years after the death of their children. The parents had experienced growth in a number of areas, and although they had residual levels of grief, few had more psychiatric symptoms than would be found in a normative population. Factors that shaped the response to the loss included the prolonged and debilitating nature of the illness, the sex of the parents and children, and aspects of the parent-child relationship.
Controversy over combination chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer: what we learn from reports of matured data.
Authors: A J Dembo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1986.4.11.1573 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3772414 Controversy over combination chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer: what we learn from reports of matured data. A J DemboxA J DemboSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1986.4.11.1573 First Page PDF © 1986 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
P-141 Combined versus sequential adjuvant therapy of biliary tract cancer: what is the best option?
Authors: A. Cassano, G.C. Mattiucci, E. Cerchiaro, V.P. Di Noia, L. De Filippo, R. Autorino, V. Dadduzio, S. Rossi, F. Ardito, F. Giuliante, M. Basso, V. Valentini, C. Barone
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Bypassing user error in optical diagnosis of diminutive colorectal polyps – at what cost?
Authors: Swati Patel, Sachin Wani
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

Colonoscopy and polypectomy is the dominant screening modality in the United States for colorectal cancer [1] and in large part accounts for the progressive decline in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality over the last several decades [2]. Although colonoscopy is cost-effective when taking into account the high cost of colon cancer treatment [3], the overall cost will continue to rise as colonoscopy uptake improves and more patients enter polyp surveillance protocols. Diminutive (≤ 5 mm) colorectal polyps are the most commonly found polyps during colonoscopy, comprising 62.7 % of all polyps found in a screening cohort [4]. They rarely harbor advanced histology (1.2 % – 3.4 %) [5] [6] or malignancy (0 % – 0.08 %) [4] [7] [8]. Despite this low neoplastic potential, diminutive polyps are routinely resected and submitted for pathologic assessment in order to guide surveillance intervals. There is potential for enormous cost savings [9] [10] if the histology of diminutive polyps could be determined in real time and the costs of resecting nonadenomatous polyps and of pathologic examination of all diminutive polyps could be avoided.
PWE-176 Palliative stenting in oesophageal cancer
Authors: C John, S Jamal, C Gordon, B Eross
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Palliative stenting is now established as a major treatment for dysphagia resulting from inoperable oesophageal cancer. There are many possible complications after oesophageal stent insertion; most of these present with increasing dysphagia; however pain, bleeding, and reflux are also common. Although data on rates of various complications are available, there are no agreed standards to audit performance against, nor any requirement to do so. As this is a palliative procedure, success in symptom control is paramount; if this is not being achieved, then the appropriateness of the procedure must be questioned. As with any invasive procedure, complication rates are affected by multiple variables: technique, type of stent, length and site of stricture, operator experience, and patient co-morbidities. As a result of these variables, stated complication rates also vary: Only one study reported a rate of dysphagia (29%); migration occurred in 5–15% of cases, tumour overgrowth 5–20%, and food bolus obstruction in 5–15%. Quoted median survival ranged from 61–104 days, with a 30-day mortality of 20–28%. <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective study of all patients undergoing oesophageal stent insertion at a single endoscopy unit during 2012–13 was undertaken, looking for evidence of complications, repeat interventions, and for survival statistics after stent insertion. Patients who had undergone stent insertion for reasons other than oesophageal malignancy were excluded. <h3>Results</h3> During the two-year period, 74 stents were inserted in 62 patients for palliation of malignant dysphagia. Of these stent insertions 24 (32.4%) were documented to have recurrent dysphagia, of which the causes were: tumour over- or ingrowth in 7 (9.5%); stent migration in 5 (6.8%); obstruction due to gastric folds, hiatus hernia, or anti-reflux valve in 3.(4.1%); and food bolus obstruction in 2 cases (2.7%). In total there were documented complications post stent in 32 (43.2%) of all stent insertions, with pain in 8 (10.8%), bleeding in 6 (8.1%), and nausea or refluxing 3 cases (4.1%) accounting for the complications which did not cause dysphagia. Median survival of the 74 patients after stent insertion was 95 days and 30-day mortality was 9.7% (6 patients). It is important to note that with retrospective data analysis, some data are not available, due to variations in recording at the time and a reliance on the patient to report symptoms to a clinician. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Palliative stenting at this centre continues to be an effective treatment for patients with malignant dysphagia. Outcomes compare favourably with published data in terms of recurrent dysphagia, other complications, and mortality. Steps to improve post-procedure monitoring in the form of a "stent registry" with prospective collection of data by telephone or face-to-face follow up could be useful in future service development. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Platelet-Inhibiting Drugs in the Prevention of Clinical Thrombotic Disease
Authors: Edward Genton, Michael Gent, Jack Hirsh, Laurence A. Harker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Coronary Heart DiseaseIn coronary heart disease, there is evidence that platelets may be involved, both by their incorporation into occlusive thrombi and by embolization of aggregates into the microcirculation.3–5,38,39The conduct of clinical trials in coronary heart disease presents major difficulties, the most important of which relates to the large number of patients required to perform the study in a reasonable time, since the incidence of the end points, myocardial infarction and death, is low. If a primary prevention study were performed on randomly selected middle-aged subjects without evidence of overt coronary-artery disease, and myocardial . . .
Does a positive appraisal style work in all stressful situations and for all individuals?
Authors: Boris Egloff
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2015)

Abstract Kalisch et al. posit that a positive appraisal style is the key to resilience. I will argue instead that the adaptiveness of a particular emotion-regulation strategy is determined by contextual factors. Hence, a positive appraisal style might not always result in positive consequences and is most likely not the only mediator of resilience.