tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management of neuroleptic-induced movement disorders: effects of physician training
Authors: L Dixon, P J Weiden, A J Frances, B Rapkin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

Residents given a specialized 4-hour course in managing extrapyramidal syndromes prescribed significantly lower neuroleptic doses and were more skilled at diagnosis of extrapyramidal syndromes than residents given standard psychopharmacology training. The results suggest that focused training in extrapyramidal syndromes should be part of residency curricula.
Lymphokine-Activated Killer (LAK) Cell Phenomenon. IV. Lysis by LAK Cell Clones of Fresh Human Tumor Cells From Autologous and Multiple Allogeneic Tumors
Authors: A A Rayner, E A Grimm, M T Lotze, D J Wilson, S A Rosenberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Activated killer cells are generated by the incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBL) in the lymphokine interleukin 2 (IL-2). Unseparated populations of these lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells lyse a variety of fresh noncultured human tumor targets, but they do not kill normal PBL. This study analyzed the generation and lytic specificity of LAK cell clones. Of 49 (84%) clones isolated by limiting-dilution techniques from a whole population of LAK cells, 41 manifested significant LAK cell activity. LAK cell clones had varied cell surface phenotypes. Clones with high and intermediate LAK cell activity were Leu 2+3−4+7−DR+Tac+ and Leu 2− 3+4+7−DR+Tac+, respectively. Single LAK cell clones lysed multiple fresh human tumor targets including autologous sarcoma, 5 allogeneic sarcomas, and a colon cancer in addition to the cultured cell line K562. Autologous PBL were not lysed. Tumor targets were each lysed by multiple LAK cell clones. Sixteen subclones were derived from 5 of these LAK cell clones. These subclones had 99% or greater probability of being derived from a single cell. These subclones also exhibited lysis of multiple tumor targets. These findings suggest the existence of a shared determinant, expressed by multiple human tumors, which is recognized in common by multiple LAK cell clones.
Transplantation of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatomas in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Elizabeth H. Leduc, J. Walter Wilson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1959)

Five carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatomas from a mouse that was killed 8 months after the last administration of CCl4 were successfully transplanted to mice of the same strain, but transplantations of primary tumors from mice whose CCl4 treatments ceased after 11 weeks or less were not successful. This suggests that there is a progressive increase in the capacity for autonomous growth in the primary hepatoma. One of the CCl4-induced hepatomas maintained by serial, intrasplenic transplantations is now in its fifteenth generation. During passage through successive hosts there have been only slight morphological changes, but a gradual decrease in time from 4 months to 2 months between transplantations has occurred.
Abstract P5-15-06: 10-year follow-up of adjuvant ovarian suppression in high risk premenopausal breast cancer
Authors: F Recchia, G Candeloro, M Rosselli, M Bratta, S Rea
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: A large randomized study has shown the value of temporary ovarian suppression during the administration of chemotherapy in the treatment of high risk estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC) (Pagani et al. N Engl J Med 2014). In another study ovarian suppression added to chemotherapy appeared to protect ovarian function (Moore et al. N Engl J Med 2014) and improve the expected outcome of estrogen receptor negative (ER-) BC. Nevertheless, both these studies have a median follow-up time limited to 68 months and 49 months, respectively. Here we present the data of a large non randomized phase II study of adjuvant ovarian suppression in ER+ and ER- breast cancer with a median follow-up of 120 months (range 90-220 months). The primary end point was the ovarian function preservation rate, secondary end points were disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Methods: Between 06-1997 and 06-2007, 200 premenopausal, high risk early BC patients entered the study. All patients received the LH-RH analogue before starting chemotherapy. Breast conserving and radical surgery were performed in 74% and 26% of patients, respectively. Systemic therapy was tailored to the biological characteristics of each patient, and followed by radiation therapy and hormonal therapy in ER+ tumors. Results: The median patient's age was 43 years (range 26-45). The mean number of positive axillary nodes was 3.2 (range 1-25). Seventy-one % of patients were ER+ and/or progesterone receptor positive (PGR+), 29% were ER - and PGR-. The median KI-67 was 30% (range 15% -100%). Twenty-one % of patients were c-ErbB-2 positive. After a median follow up of 120 months (range 90-220), normal menses returned in 90% of patients younger than 40 years and in 56% of patients older than 40 years. The 10 and 15-year DFS rate were 85.5% and 71%, respectively, while the 10 and 15-year OS rate were 91%, and 71%, respectively. The standard pattern of toxicity of chemotherapy was observed. Hot flashes and G1 osteopenia occurring after LH-RH analogue administration were temporary and subsided after the cessation of therapy. Conclusions: LH-RH administration, concurrent with chemotherapy is tolerable and effective. Five full term pregnancies were documented. A favourable impact on the expected DFS and OS was observed. ER- patients had late new primaries, but no recurrence after 5 years, while ER+ patients had disease recurrence even after 13 years. Citation Format: Recchia F, Candeloro G, Rosselli M, Bratta M, Rea S. 10-year follow-up of adjuvant ovarian suppression in high risk premenopausal breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-15-06.
Does UKLS strategy increase the yield of screen-detected lung cancers? A comparison with ITALUNG: Table 1
Authors: Mario Mascalchi, Andrea Lopes Pegna, Laura Carrozzi, Francesca Carozzi, Fabio Falaschi, Giulia Picozzi, Eugenio Paci
Journal: Thorax (2016)

The optimal strategy to increase the benefit of low dose computed tomograph (LDCT) screening of lung cancer in terms of as high as possible number of discovered cancers and to reduce the costs, in terms of as low as possible number of LDCT examinations and of interventions on benign lesions, is not established.

Field and co-workers recently reported1 the results of lung cancer screening with LDCT in the UKLS RCT pilot study that selected eligible subjects with a validated individual risk prediction model, invited potential candidates by mail and applied the Wald Single Screen Design2 with nodule management based on volumetry.1 …
Use of methods from chaos theory to quantify a fundamental dysfunction in the behavioral organization of schizophrenic patients
Authors: M P Paulus, M A Geyer, D L Braff
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

This study aimed to quantify the complexity of behavioral sequences of patients with schizophrenia and comparison subjects by using methods from nonlinear dynamical systems theory.A simple choice task consisting of predicting 500 random right or left appearances of a stimulus was used to obtain binary response sequences in 22 patients with schizophrenia and 16 comparison subjects. Dynamical entropy was measured and the fluctuation spectrum of local subsequence entropies calculated to quantify the degree of interdependency between consecutive responses of patients and comparison subjects.The response sequences generated by the schizophrenic patients exhibited a higher degree of interdependency than those of comparison subjects. Moreover, schizophrenic patients exhibited significantly less consistency in their response selection and ordering, characterized by a greater contribution of both highly perseverative and highly unpredictable subsequences of responses within a test session.The result of the biological abnormality underlying schizophrenia may not be a simple increase or decrease of neuropsychological or neurobiological functions. Instead, the observed abnormalities in behavioral patterns reflect a quantifiable dysregulation and disorganization of these functions.
Abstract P4-09-15: BRCAness and PD-L1 expression of basal-like and not basal-like triple negative breast cancer
Authors: H Mori, M Kubo, M Yamada, M Kai, T Osako, R Nishimura, N Arima, M Okido, S Kuroki, Y Oda, M Nakamura
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) subtype occurs in approximately 20% of all patients with breast cancer and is associated with rapid growth, early metastasis and poor prognosis compared with other subtypes. TNBCs are a heterogeneous disease entity and further subclassification is needed, but still ongoing. In this study, we assessed BRCAness, defined as shared characteristics between sporadic and BRCA1-mutated tumors, in a cohort of basal-like and non-basal-like TNBCs. Patients and Methods: DNA was isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues and BRCAness status was analyzed in 262 patients with primary TNBCs resected at our three hospitals between 2004 and 2014. Classification of BRCAness was performed by using Multiple Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) with the probemix P376 BRCA1ness by MRC (Amsterdam, Holland). The tumor subtypes were routinely determined immunohistochemically by using resected specimens. Basal-like phenotype was defined as being positive for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and/or Cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6). Moreover, TNBCs were stained and analyzed for programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression as a target of new immune therapies. Results: Of 262 TNBCs, 232 tumors (88.5%) was a basal-like phenotype. The results of MLPA assay showed that 159 (68.5%) of 232 tumors had a BRCAness profile. Patients with basal-like BRCAness tumors were younger than patients with basal-like non-BRCAness tumors (p&amp;lt;0.0001). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding pathological stage. The basal-like BRCAness group had shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) than the basal-like non-BRCAness group (p=0.028 and p=0.13, respectively), and anthracycline-based regimens provided greater benefit to the basal-like BRCAness group significantly (p=0.01 in RFS and p=0.007 in OS). PD-L1 was expressed in 71 (44.7%) of 159 basal-like TNBCs with BRCAness. Conclusion: We reported the majority of basal-like TNBCs showed a BRCAness profile and PD-L1 expressed in approximately 50% of BRCAness tumors. It is known that about 30% of BRCAness tumors are BRCA1-mutated tumors. Those biomarkers are essential for subclassification of TNBCs and may offer not only platinum-based chemotherapy but also novel therapies, such as immune-targeted therapies of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and PARP inhibitors, to patients with basal-like TNBCs with BRCAness. Citation Format: Mori H, Kubo M, Yamada M, Kai M, Osako T, Nishimura R, Arima N, Okido M, Kuroki S, Oda Y, Nakamura M. BRCAness and PD-L1 expression of basal-like and not basal-like triple negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-09-15.
Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis
Authors: Aubrey Milunsky, John W. Littlefield, Julian N. Kanfer, Edwin H. Kolodny, Vivian E. Shih, Leonard Atkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Disorders of Lipid MetabolismSphingolipids are major components of all cell membranes and of particular importance to neural structure and function. In several well defined clinical disorders (Table 1), recently reviewed by Brady,175 the accumulation of excessive quantities of particular sphingolipids can be demonstrated together with deficiencies of their respective sphingolipid hydrolases.Niemann—Pick DiseaseHoltz et al.,71 in 1964, by using quantitative thin-layer chromatography, first demonstrated that cultured fibroblasts from patients with Niemann—Pick disease accumulate almost twice as much sphingomyelin as control cells do. At the same time, they showed that fibroblasts derived from the amnion of an infant subsequently . . .
Confirmation of an association between family history of affective disorder and the depressive syndrome in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: M E Strauss, P K Ogrocki
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The authors' goal was to replicate an earlier finding of a familial liability for depression in Alzheimer's disease.The family histories of depression and dementia were compared in 28 patients experiencing a first episode of major depression after onset of Alzheimer's disease and 74 nondepressed patients with Alzheimer's disease.Significantly more families of depressed dementia patients included depressed first-degree relatives. There was no difference between Alzheimer's disease patients with and without depression in the proportion of families with a history of dementia.Major depression in Alzheimer's disease is associated with a familial liability for depression that is independent of any familial liability for dementia.
An updated overall survival analysis with correction for protocol-planned crossover of the international, phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of regorafenib in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors after failure of imatinib and sunitinib (GRID)
Authors: E. Fumagalli, P. Reichardt, Y. Kang, J. Blay, H. Joensuu, K.B. Schaefer, I. Kuss, C. Kappeler, G.D. Demetri
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Secondary Syphilis
Authors: Kim Eagle, Steven R. Potts
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Figure 1 Secondary Syphilis. The hands of a 41-year-old woman with secondary syphilis show a symmetric, dusky red, and polymorphic papulosquamous rash, also present on her soles. Figure 1 Secondary Syphilis. The hands of a 41-year-old woman with secondary syphilis show a symmetric, dusky red, and polymorphic papulosquamous rash, also present on her soles. Steven R. Potts, D.O.Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611
Chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy for completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer: have we made progress?
Authors: R Feld
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1996.14.4.1045 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 8648355 Chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy for completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer: have we made progress? R FeldxR FeldSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1996.14.4.1045 First Page PDF © 1996 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Few GP practices use technology to offer alternatives to face to face consultations
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Few GPs offer email or video consultations as alternatives to traditional face-to-face consultations, and most had no plans to introduce them, a paper published in the British Journal of General Practice has shown.1

Questionnaires were sent to all GPs (both partners and salaried) and managers at 421 practices in and around Bristol, Oxford, Lothian, the Highlands, and the Western Isles of Scotland. These areas were chosen to ensure a range of practices were represented: urban and …
PRESENTATION TO SIR J. HALLIDAY CROOM
Authors: D. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1921)

and is our case with the very gratifying result that I have Ahowr.above.ain certain that if medical men in otlher parts took up this scheme to float it, the results would be so great that State aid and rate aid would not be necessary at all.Our only opposition has been from the extremists in the Labour party, who maintain that hospitals should be run by the State and come out of the rates.-Iam!. etc:.,
THE TREATMENT OF SLEEPING SICKNESS: A Suggestion
Authors: A. Balfour
Journal: BMJ (1909)

AJUA "I 77In the earlier experiments (three in number) the lymphocytes increased somewhat after the onset of rickets, while in the later ones (five in number) the poly- morphs underwent the increase, but in two of these latter cases a bronchopneumonia was discovered after death, and ,probably accounted for the leucocytosis.Thus experimental rickets is not necessarily accompanied by any anaemia, and when anaemia does appear it is, as a rule, of minor degree, and may frequently be -accounted for by some complication.There may or may not be a leucocytosis, and this also when it occurs may be the result of some complication.It can at least be truly said that in the blood of animals suffering from rickets there is no marked pathological change and absolutely nothing characteristic.It is thus seen that these experimental results are in entire accordance with those obtained in the cases of spontaneous rickets, and which I have briefly reviewed above.Of 30 children suffering from active and uncom- ,plicated rickets, only 9 presented anaemia, in not one of *which was the number of red cells less than 4,100,000 c.mm.As a rule, however, the blood estimations were abnormally high.Nucleated red cells were exceedingly rare.In only 2 of the cases was there an unequivocal leucocytosis, '9 presented a leucopenia, and 19 a slight increase in the number of white cells.
Abstract B67: The impact of parity on the metastatic success of ovarian cancer.
Authors: Elizabeth A. Loughran, Ryan Phan, Annemarie K. Leonard, Laura Tarwater, Marwa Asem, Yuliya Klymenko, Yueying Liu, Jing Yang, Jeff Johnson, Matthew Ravosa, M. Sharon Stack.
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Ovarian cancer is the most fatal gynecological cancer. Epithelial ovarian cancer (OvCa), the most common subtype, usually goes undetected until metastatic and often fatal stages of the disease. OvCa follows a unique form of metastasis, spreading through the peritoneal cavity and forming metastatic sites on the peritoneum. Epidemiologic data suggest that child-bearing, or parity, reduces a woman's risk of developing ovarian cancer, with more births providing greater protection. Despite the association of parity with a decreased incidence of ovarian cancer, very few studies have explored the relationship between parity and metastatic success. A recent study compared metastatic success to the omentum in 12-month-old C57Bl/6 retired breeders and 5-month-old virgin mice, reporting that parous mice are less susceptible to metastasis due to the parity-associated differences in the immune compositional profile in the omental fat band (Cohen et al. 2013). This tumor study compared mice of different ages and did not report specific numbers of pregnancies. To further investigate the role of parity number in OvCa metastasis, we designed a study that controls for age and compares mice with specific parity number. Three age-matched C57Bl/6 groups were evaluated: nulliparous (V), parous 1 (P1), and parous 3 (P3) mice. We tested the effect of parity on metastatic success in vivo with an allograft study using the C57Bl/6 syngeneic ID8 mouse ovarian surface epithelial cell line. ID8 ovarian cancer cells (106) were injected into the peritoneal cavity of V, P1 and P3 mice. In contrast to the results of Cohen at al. that utilized a different syngeneic ovarian cancer cell line, we found no significant difference in metastasis to the omentum in the parous animals, but significantly reduced metastasis to the fat-enveloped ovaries and visceral fat pads in the P3 mice. This suggests that the visceral fat adjacent to the uterus and ovaries in multi-parous animals is a unique environment, resilient to metastasis. Factors in fat tissue responsible for this phenomenon are being investigated. Citation Format: Elizabeth A. Loughran, Ryan Phan, Annemarie K. Leonard, Laura Tarwater, Marwa Asem, Yuliya Klymenko, Yueying Liu, Jing Yang, Jeff Johnson, Matthew Ravosa, M. Sharon Stack. The impact of parity on the metastatic success of ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B67.
PNEUMONIA: A MULTIPLE INFECTION
Authors: J. W. Moore
Journal: BMJ (1898)

of the Bellevue Hospital, writes thus: " Of late years lobar pneumonia often fails to follow the definite course com- monly ascribed to it.While its onset remains much the same in its suddenness, and in the rapid development of its acute symptoms, yet for some time I have declined to fix the pro- bable date of the crisis or the duration of its subsequent stages.It may be that the advent in I890-91 of the severest and most prolonged visitation of epidemic intiuenza recorded in history may have something to do with this change by con- tributing the influence of a mixed infection, but whatever be the cause, there is little doubt that acute lobar pneumonia now often departs more widely from its former characteristic course.In the histories of a series of I I cases occurring con- [JAN.i, 1 898.
Influenza surveillance during the post-pandemic influenza 2010/11 season in Greece, 04 October 2010 to 22 May 2011
Authors: M Athanasiou, A Baka, A Andreopoulou, G Spala, K Karageorgou, L Kostopoulos, S Patrinos, T Sideroglou, E Triantafyllou, A Mentis, N Malisiovas, T Lytras, S Tsiodras, T Panagiotopoulos, S Bonovas
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

In this manuscript, we summarise the experience of Greece during the post-pandemic influenza season 2010/11 from 04 October 2010 to 22 May 2011. The spread of the disease and its impact were monitored using multiple surveillance systems, such as sentinel surveillance, virological surveillance and all-cause mortality surveillance. We also focus on the characteristics of laboratory-confirmed severe influenza cases who required admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) (n=368), and/or with a fatal outcome (n=180). The influenza-like illness rate reported from sentinel surveillance started rising in early January 2011 and peaked between 31 January and 6 February 2011. The total number of ICU admissions was higher in the post-pandemic influenza season than during the pandemic period causing a lot of pressure on ICUs. The overall population mortality rate due to influenza A(H1N1)2009 was higher than during the pandemic period (15.9 vs 13.2 fatal cases per million, p=0.087). Our data suggest that the severity of clinical illness in the first post-pandemic influenza season was comparable or even higher than during the pandemic.