tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Comparison of Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide + G-CSF Versus G-CSF Alone Mobilization after Lenalidomide-Bortezomib-Dexamethasone (RVD) Induction in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Raija Silvennoinen, Tuija Lundan, Pekka Anttila, Jouni Heiskanen, Marjaana Säily, Timo Siitonen, Sakari Kakko, Hanna Ollikainen, Seppo Vanhatalo, Mervi Putkonen, Venla Terävä, Anu Kutila, Mari Partio, Kirsi Launonen, Anu Räsänen, Anu Sikiö, Merja Suominen, Piotr Bazia, Kristiina Kananen, Taru Kuittinen, Kimmo Porkka, Kari Remes, Esa Jantunen
Journal: Blood (2014)
PARP Inhibitors in Reproductive System Cancers: Current Use and Developments
Authors: Geraldine O’Sullivan Coyne, Alice P. Chen, Robert Meehan, James H. Doroshow
Journal: Drugs (2017)

The repair of DNA damage is a critical cellular process governed by multiple biochemical pathways that are often found to be defective in cancer cells. The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of proteins controls response to single-strand DNA breaks by detecting these damaged sites and recruiting the proper factors for repair. Blocking this pathway forces cells to utilize complementary mechanisms to repair DNA damage. While PARP inhibition may not, in itself, be sufficient to cause tumor cell death, inhibition of DNA repair with PARP inhibitors is an effective cytotoxic strategy when it is used in patients who carry other defective DNA-repair mechanisms, such as mutations in the genes BRCA 1 and 2. This discovery has supported the development of PARP inhibitors (PARPi), agents that have proven effective against various types of tumors that carry BRCA mutations. With the application of next-generation sequencing of tumors, there is increased interest in looking beyond BRCA mutations to identify genetic and epigenetic aberrations that might lead to similar defects in DNA repair, conferring susceptibility to PARP inhibition. Identification of these genetic lesions and the development of screening assays for their detection may allow for the selection of patients most likely to respond to this class of anticancer agents. This article provides an overview of clinical trial results obtained with PARPi and describes the companion diagnostic assays being established for patient selection. In addition, we review known mechanisms for resistance to PARPi and potential strategies for combining these agents with other types of therapy.
Rituximab-Supplemented High-Dose Sequential (HDS) Chemotherapy with Autograft Is Highly Effective in High-Risk (aaIPI 2–3) Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study on 91 Consecutive Patients Treated at Diagnosis.
Authors: Manuela Zanni, Massimo Di Nicola, Caterina Patti, Claudia Castellino, Alessandra Pescarollo, Valerio Zoli, Daniele Caracciolo, Michele Magni, Liliana Devizzi, Mario Boccadoro, Ignazio Majolino, Marco Bregni, Andrea Gallamini, Salvo Mirto, Marco Ladetto, Alessandro M. Gianni, Corrado Tarella
Journal: Blood (2004)
Expression of the CTLA-4 ligand CD86 on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) predicts risk of disease recurrence after treatment discontinuation in CML
Authors: C Schütz, S Inselmann, S Sausslele, C T Dietz, M C Müller, E Eigendorff, C A Brendel, S K Metzelder, T H Brümmendorf, C Waller, J Dengler, M E Goebeler, R Herbst, G Freunek, S Hanzel, T Illmer, Y Wang, T Lange, F Finkernagel, R Hehlmann, M Huber, A Neubauer, A Hochhaus, J Guilhot, F Xavier Mahon, M Pfirrmann, A Burchert
Journal: Leukemia (2017)
Pre-emptive endoscopic vacuum therapy for treatment of anastomotic ischemia after esophageal resections
Authors: Philipp-Alexander Neumann, Rudolf Mennigen, Daniel Palmes, Norbert Senninger, Thorsten Vowinkel, Mike Laukoetter
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

Background and study aims Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) is a promising new approach for the treatment of anastomotic leakage in the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we present the first case series demonstrating successful use of EVT for the treatment of post-esophagectomy anastomotic ischemia prior to development of leakage. Patients and methods Between 2012 and 2015, intraluminal EVT was performed in eight patients with anastomotic ischemia following esophagectomy. The primary outcome measure was successful mucosal recovery. Secondary outcome measures were duration of treatment, number of sponge changes, septic course, and associated complications. Results Complete mucosal recovery was achieved in six patients (75 %) with different degrees of anastomotic ischemia. In two patients (25 %), small anastomotic leaks developed, which resolved by continuing the EVT treatment. Median duration of EVT treatment until mucosal recovery was 16 days (range 6 - 35), with a median of 5 sponge changes per patient (range 2 - 11). No EVT-associated complications were noted. Three patients developed anastomotic stenoses, which were treated by endoscopic dilation therapy. Conclusion This is the first case series to demonstrate that the early use of EVT potentially modulates clinical outcomes and infection parameters in patients with anastomotic ischemia following esophagectomy. Further studies are needed to define the indications and patients who are most likely to benefit from early EVT.
Long Term Results of Myeloablative Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Using Related and Unrelated Donors in Patients with Relapsed Composite Low and Intermediate Grade (Including Transformed) Lymphoma.
Authors: Khaled M. Ramadan, Joseph M. Connors, Randy D. Gascoyne, Kevin Song, Michael J. Barnett, Stephen H. Nantel, Thomas J. Nevill, John D. Shepherd, Heather J. Sutherland, Julye Lavoie, Donna L. Forrest, Donna E. Hogge, Nicholas J. Voss, Ryan Brinkman, Clayton A. Smith, Cynthia L. Toze
Journal: Blood (2006)
IgVH Mutational Status Does Not Affect Complete Remission Rate but Is Associated with Reduced Remission Duration in CLL Patients Treated with Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide and Rituximab (FCR)-Based Therapy.
Authors: Katherine I. Lin, Constantine S. Tam, Lynne V. Abruzzo, William Wierda, Lynn Barron, Susan O’Brien, Thomas Kipps, Laura Rassenti, Susan Lerner, Hagop Kantarjian, Michael J. Keating
Journal: Blood (2007)
Global Burden of Raised Blood Pressure
Authors: Mark D. Huffman, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dual Inhibition of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin with NVP-BEZ235 as a New Therapeutic Option for T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Authors: Francesca Chiarini, Cecilia Grimaldi, Francesca Ricci, Pierluigi Tazzari, Camilla Evangelisti, Andrea Pession, Pasqualepaolo Pagliaro, James McCubrey, Alberto M. Martelli
Journal: Blood (2009)
Thymic Renewal and Anti-Leukemic Effect In Adults After Haploidentical Transplantation and Donor T Cell Suicide Gene Therapy
Authors: Luca Vago, Giacomo Oliveira, Maddalena Noviello, Corrado Soldati, Domenico Ghio, Roberto Nicoletti, Immacolata Brigida, Alessandro Aiuti, Maria Teresa Lupo Stanghellini, Sara Mastaglio, Raffaella Greco, Antonio Lambiase, Jacopo Peccatori, Attilio Bondanza, Katharina Fleischhauer, Claudio Bordignon, Fabio Ciceri, Chiara Bonini
Journal: Blood (2010)
Survey of the Frontline Treatment and Management of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) in a Real-Word Setting: The 3rd Annual Update of the Worldwide Observational Registry Collecting Longitudinal Data on Management of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients (The WORLD CML Registry)
Authors: Ricardo Pasquini, Jorge E. Cortes, Hagop M. Kantarjian, David Joske, Luis A Meillon, Oleg Zernovak, Ramsathish Sivarathinasami, LaTonya Collins, Timothy P. Hughes, Dong-Wook Kim
Journal: Blood (2011)
The Response to Surface IgM and IgD Cross-Linking Defines Different Groups of B-CLL.
Authors: Giovanna Cutrona, S. Matis, M. Colombo, C. Stelitano, M. Spriano, E. Rossi, V. Callea, C. Sonaglio, S. Zupo, N. Chiorazzi, M. Gentile, F. Morabito, M. Ferrarini
Journal: Blood (2005)
Ultrasound Detection of Regional Oxidative Stress in Deep Tissues Using Novel Enzyme Loaded Nanoparticles
Authors: Emilia S. Olson, Inanc Ortac, Christopher Malone, Sadik Esener, Robert Mattrey
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2017)

Oxidative stress is a powerful tool that is critical to immune mediated responses in healthy individuals, yet additionally plays a crucial role in development of cancer, inflammatory pathologies, and tissue ischemia. Despite this, there remain relatively few molecular tools to study oxidative stress, particularly in living mammals. To develop an intravenously injectable probe capable of labeling sites of oxidative stress in vivo, 200 nm catalase synthetic hollow enzyme loaded nanospheres (catSHELS) are designed and fabricated using a versatile enzyme nanoencapsulation method. catSHELS catalyze H2 O2 to water and oxygen producing microbubbles that can be detected and imaged using a clinical ultrasound system. catSHELS are optimized in vitro to maximize ultrasound signal and their functionality is demonstrated in rat ischemic renal injury model. Ischemic oxidative injury is induced in a single kidney of normal rats by clamping the renal artery for 1 h followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Imaging of both kidneys is performed following the intravenous bolus injection of 1012 catSHELS of the optimized formulation. There is significant increase in ultrasound signal of the injured kidney relative to controls. This method offers a novel intravenous approach to detect oxidative stress in deep tissues in living animals.
Pharmacological Inhibition of K-Cl Cotransport Alters In Vitro Maturation of Normal and β-Thalassemic Human Erythroid Progenitors.
Authors: Lucia De Franceschi, Luisa Ronzoni, Achille Iolascon, Francesca Cimmino, Seth L. Alper, Valeria Servedio, Franco Turrini, Maria D. Cappellini
Journal: Blood (2005)
Rituximab-CHOP Significantly Improve the Response of Advanced Extranodal Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma of the Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT Lymphoma).
Authors: Daisuke Ennishi, Yasuhito Terui, Tomohiro Myojo, Yuko Mishima, Masahiro Yokoyama, Shunji Takahashi, Kengo Takeuchi, Kiyohiko Hatake
Journal: Blood (2006)
Image Gallery: Relapsing polychondritis associated with monoclonal gammopathy
Authors: J.H. Kim, J.S. Lee, D.W. Koo, K.E. Jung
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2017)

Dear Editor, A 76‐year‐old man, previously diagnosed as having monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), presented with hoarse voice, unexplained fever and (a) recurrent episodes of chondritis of the left pinna (arrows). (b) Computed tomography demonstrated involvement of cartilage of the respiratory tract (arrow). The histological findings were compatible with relapsing polychondritis (RP). RP is a recurring, progressive, autoimmune, inflammatory disorder that affects proteoglycan‐rich tissues.1 It has been described as a paraneoplastic phenomenon.2 The patient improved clinically after treatment with methylprednisolone 0·2–0·3 mg kg−1 daily for 4 weeks and topical glucocorticoids. We referred the patient to a haematologist for treatment for MGUS, which was responsible for the RP.
Abstract P162: Maintenance of Gait Speed in Elderly Men and Women Reduces Risk of Hospitalization Irrespective of the Extent of Coronary Artery Calcium
Authors: Kristin Siggeirsdottir, Orn Olafsson, Lenore J Launer, Tamara B Harris, Thor Aspelund, Vilmundur Gudnason
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major contributor to medical costs in old age, including risk of hospitalization and risk of disability. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is an accepted biomarker for CAD. Individuals lose their functionality with increasing age at different pace due to various reasons including chronic disease, such as CAD. Functional impairment, measured by gait speed, may be an important indicator of risk for hospitalization. We assessed the hypothesis that elderly people who maintain their gait speed are less likely to be hospitalized independent of CAD defined by CAC. Methods: Data from the population based AGES Reykjavik Study included 1208 men and 1660 women walking without aid, mean age 76.4 years (SD 4.9), were examined between 2002-2006 and 2007-2011. CAC was measured at visit one and gait speed at both visits. Hospital records were obtained for all participants. Hospital admission rates were estimated using age adjusted survival models according to baseline gait speed at [0.1-0.8), [0.8-1.0), [1.0-2.0) m/sec; change in gait speed (reduced, maintained or increased) and by CAC categories (0-300, and more than 300 Agatston units). Analysis was performed for men and women separately and the effect of adjusting for knee strength evaluated. Results: Both lower baseline and decreasing gait speed were associated with increased rate of hospitalization over five years follow-up. The rate ratio was slightly attenuated after adjustment for knee extension. When change in gait speed over five years period was examined, those who maintained or increased their gait speed had significantly lower age adjusted hospitalization rate for both men and women (Figure). This effect of gait speed was statistically significant for both CAC categories in all categories of gait speed (p&lt; 0.05). Conclusion: These results show that maintenance of gait speed even in those who walk at a slow gait speed benefit by less hospitalization even if they have considerable CAD and thus potentially reduce health care cost.
Effect of stents on radiation dosimetry for esophageal cancer.
Authors: Samual Roberts Francis, Christopher James Anker, Brian Wang, Greg V. Williams, Douglas G. Adler, Bill J. Salter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

48 Background: To evaluate how self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) affect esophageal cancer radiation planning target volumes (PTVs) and dose delivered to surrounding organs-at-risk (OARs). Methods: Ten patients were evaluated for whom a SEMS was placed before radiation. A CT scan obtained before stent placement was fused to the post-stent CT simulation scan. Three methods were used to represent pre-stent PTVs: 1) Image Fusion (IF) - PTVs were contoured based on the pre-stent CT, 2) Volume Approximation (VA) - the post-stent PTV was altered to approximate the pre-stent PTV based on differences in esophageal volumes between scans, and 3) Diameter Approximation (DA) - the post-stent PTV was altered based on differences in esophageal diameters. PTVs and OARs were contoured per RTOG 1010 protocol using Eclipse Treatment Planning software. Post-stent dosimetry for each patient was compared to approximated pre-stent dosimetry. Results: For the IF, VA, and DA methods, the post-stent PTVs were larger than pre-stent PTVs by an average of 155, 68, and 67 cm 3 , respectively. Pre-stent heart and lung doses were less than post-stent using VA and DA; however, IF only yielded a significantly lower heart V40 (Table). Liver, spinal cord, and kidney doses were not significantly different between planning methods. Conclusions: Placement of an esophageal SEMS increased the PTV size for radiation planning, causing a statistically significant increase in heart and lung radiation doses, although the absolute dose increase was relatively small. Most patients receiving stents will have no increased risk of radiation-induced toxicity. In patients where one anticipates difficulty meeting crucial dose constraints, it may be preferable to consider avoidance of stenting before radiotherapy. [Table: see text]
NOD Hematopoietic Stem Cells Exhibit Autonomous Behavior and a Competitive Advantage in Allogeneic Recipients That Maps to the Idd9 Locus.
Authors: Paula M. Chilton, Francine Rezzoug, Janina Ratajczak, Mariusz Ratajczak, Yiming Huang, Michael K. Tanner, Isabelle J. Fugier-Vivier, Suzanne T. Ildstad
Journal: Blood (2004)
Comparison of Newly Diagnosed and Relapsed Refractory Multiple Myeloma Using Transcriptional Profiling of Myeloma Cells.
Authors: Shaji Kumar, Philip R. Greipp, Jessica L. Haug, Michael Kline, Wee Joo Chng, Emily Blood, John A. Lust, Leif Bergsagel, Morie A. Gertz, Rafael Fonseca, S. Vincent Rajkumar
Journal: Blood (2005)
Long Term Follow-Up of 198 IgM Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS).
Authors: Ombretta Annibali, Maria T. Petrucci, Francesco Bartolozzi, Anna Levi, Patrizia Del Bianco, Cristiano Gallucci, Robin Foa, Franco Mandelli, Giuseppe Avvisati
Journal: Blood (2004)
Mitochondria-to-nucleus crosstalk mediated by Ets-1 in ovarian carcinoma cells
Authors: Stephanie A. Marra, Leigh A. Wilson, Gurmit Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

4596  Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are found in several cancer cell types, and similarly, mitochondrial dysregulation is a central feature of many cancers. The majority of proteins found in the mitochondria are encoded by nuclear genes, highlighting the importance of mitochondria-to-nucleus communication, yet still very little is known about the crosstalk between these two organelles. Recent investigations in our lab have indicated that expression of the nuclear-encoded transcription factor Ets-1 is up-regulated in C13* cells, a cisplatin-resistant variant derived from 2008 ovarian carcinoma cells. Ets-1 up-regulation in this variant appears to be due to increased reactive oxygen species. Gene microarray analysis indicated that various nuclear encoded mitochondrial proteins were down-regulated in 2008 cells, which were transfected to stably over-express Ets-1, compared to their non-transfected counterparts. RT-PCR analysis has further indicated that mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA), a protein required for the maintenance of mtDNA, was also down-regulated in Ets-1 overexpressing cells. Given that mtDNA encoded proteins are essential for proper electron transport chain function, these results suggest that Ets-1 down-regulates nuclear and mitochondrial genes involved in energy generation through oxidative phosphorylation. Functional assays supported these findings, as Ets-1 over-expressing cells grown in the presence of glycolytic inhibitors had a depressed growth rate and displayed reduced oxygen consumption, suggesting a shift in energy production towards glycolysis. To investigate the mechanisms responsible for these phenotypes, the promoter activity of GABP target genes were investigated through the use of luciferase reporter assays. Preliminary results indicate that luciferase activity corresponding to ATP synthase β promoter activation is decreased in response to higher Ets-1 expression, suggesting that down-regulation of mitochondrial genes occurs through the occupation of GABP binding sites by Ets-1. Allowing a tumor cell to shift away from oxidative phosphorylation for energy production and towards glycolysis affords an obvious advantage to the cell, thus supporting tumor invasion. Ets-1 has a role in promoting this energy-switch, and in addition to the well-documented role of Ets-1 in angiogenesis and regulating proteases that degrade the extracellular matrix, this finding demonstrates the importance of Ets-1 as a predictor of neoplastic cell metastasis. (This work was supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research grant to G.Singh.)
Exercise as treatment for alcohol use disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mats Hallgren, Davy Vancampfort, Esther S Giesen, Andreas Lundin, Brendon Stubbs
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Objectives To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating effects of exercise for people with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) across multiple health outcomes. We also investigated the prevalence and predictors of dropout from exercise studies in AUDs. Design Systematic review and random effects meta-analysis with meta-regression analyses. Data sources 3 major electronic databases were searched from inception until April 2016 for exercise intervention studies in adults with AUDs. Eligibility criteria Studies of acute exercise in people with AUDs; and randomised and non-randomised trials examining effects of long-term (≥2 weeks) exercise. Results 21 studies and 1204 unique persons with AUDs (mean age 37.8 years, mean illness duration 4.4 years) were included. Exercise did not reduce daily alcohol consumption (standardised mean difference (SMD) =−0.886, p=0.24), or the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) total scores (SMD=−0.378, p=0.18). For weekly consumption (n=3 studies), a statistically significant difference was observed favouring exercise (SMD=−0.656, p=0.04), but not after adjustment for publication bias (SMD=−0.16, 95% CI −0.88 to 0.55). Exercise significantly reduced depressive symptoms versus control (randomised controlled trials (RCTs) =4; SMD=−0.867, p=0.006, I 2 =63%) and improved physical fitness (VO 2 ) (RCTs=3; SMD=0.564, p=0.01, I 2 =46%). The pooled dropout rate was 40.3% (95% CI 23.3% to 60.1%) which was no different to control conditions (OR=0.73, p=0.52). Dropouts were higher among men (β=0.0622, p&lt;0.0001, R 2 =0.82). Limitations It was not possible to investigate moderating effects of smoking. Conclusions Available evidence indicates exercise appears not to reduce alcohol consumption, but has significant improvements in other health outcomes, including depression and physical fitness. Additional long-term controlled studies of exercise for AUDs are required.
Pretreatment Serum Level of Osteopontin and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Might Have a Prognostic Value in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Antica Duletic Nacinovic, Tajana Juranovic, Toni Valkovic, Duska Petranovic, Ivan Host, Elizabeta Fisic, Andjela Prolic, Ksenija Lucin, Sanja Stifter, Nives Jonjic, Boris Labar
Journal: Blood (2012)
IMPS-05CD40/CD40L EXPRESSION CORRELATES WITH THE SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH GLIOBLASTOMAS AND AN AUGMENTATION IN CD40 SIGNALING PROLONGS SURVIVAL IN INTRACRANIAL GLIOMA- AND GLIOMA-INITIATING CELL-ISOGRAFTED TUMOR MODELS
Authors: Masashi Chonan, Ryuta Saito, Takuhiro Shoji, Ichiyo Shibahara, Masayuki Kanamori, Yukihiko Sonoda, Mika Watanabe, Naoto Ishii, Teiji Tominaga
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)
Multi-Centre Validation of the Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Multi Breath-Hold T2* Technique for Myocardial Iron Quantification in Thalassaemia Major.
Authors: Mark A. Tanner, Taigang He, Mark A. Westwood, Renzo Galanello, Gildo Matta, Alan R. Cohen, Mark Fogel, Antonio Piga, Gianluca Forni, Charalambos Economides, David N. Firmin, Pennell J. Dudley
Journal: Blood (2005)
KIR-Ligand Incompatibility in the Graft-Versus-Host Direction Is Associated with Better Outcomes after Unrelated Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Leukemia in Complete Remission
Authors: Roelof Willemze, Celso arrais Rodrigues, Myriam Labopin, Guillermo Sanz, Gerard Michel, Gerard Socié, Bernard Rio, Anne Sirvent, Marc Renaud, Luis Madero, Mohamad Mohty, Christelle Ferra, Federico Garnier, Juan Garcia, Lucilla Lecchi, Gesine Koegler, Yves Beguin, Cristina Navarrete, Timothy Devos, Irina Ionescu, Karim Boudjedir, Andrée-Laure Herr, Eliane Gluckman, Vanderson Rocha
Journal: Blood (2008)