tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Control of cytomegalovirus-associated morbidity in renal transplant patients using intensive monitoring and either preemptive or deferred therapy.
Authors: D C Brennan, K A Garlock, B A Lippmann, R S Buller, M Gaudreault-Keener, J A Lowell, S B Miller, S Shenoy, T K Howard, G A Storch
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

The objective of this randomized, prospective study was to compare preemptive to deferred treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in high-risk renal transplant recipients. Conducted at a university-affiliated transplant center, the study included 36 renal allograft recipients with donor or recipient CMV-seropositivity who received anti-thymocyte induction therapy. Ganciclovir was administered intravenously for 21 days upon detection of CMV viremia (preemptive, N = 15) or detection of CMV viremia associated with a CMV syndrome (deferred, N = 21). Shell vial culture, conventional culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed upon buffy-coat specimens weekly for 12 to 16 wk. CMV and non-CMV-associated charges were calculated. The comparative sensitivities of PCR, shell vial culture, and conventional culture were 91%, 44%, and 47%, respectively. A delay in specimen processing of > 24 h severely compromised the sensitivity of culture techniques but not that of PCR. Preemptive therapy tended to decrease symptomatic CMV episodes (0.4 versus 0.6 episodes per patient randomized; P = 0.22). One patient in each group had organ involvement, and no patient died. Allograft function and survival were similar. Ganciclovir use was increased in the preemptive group (1.2 versus 0.6 courses per patient randomized; P = 0.02). CMV-associated charges were $10,368 (preemptive) versus $5,752 (deferred); P = 0.13. PCR is superior to conventional monitoring to detect CMV viremia. Culture cannot be considered the "gold standard" for detection of CMV viremia, especially when transport of specimens over distances results in processing delays. Preemptive therapy may reduce symptomatic CMV infections in renal transplant recipients. It was associated with higher CMV-related charges but equivalent overall charges versus deferred treatment with intensive monitoring. Either strategy can achieve control of CMV infection after renal transplantation.
High-affinity imipramine binding and serotonin uptake in platelets of eight adolescent and ten adult obsessive-compulsive patients
Authors: A Weizman, M Carmi, H Hermesh, A Shahar, A Apter, S Tyano, M Rehavi
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

The authors evaluated high-affinity [3H]imipramine binding and [3H]serotonin uptake to platelets in eight adolescent and 10 adult patients who met DSM-III criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder in comparison with those of normal control subjects of similar ages. The maximal binding of [3H]imipramine was significantly lower in adults and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder than in the control subjects. No differences between groups in the affinity of [3H]imipramine to its binding sites or in serotonin uptake kinetic measures were detected. The lower density of [3H]imipramine binding sites in platelet membrane in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder might implicate involvement of the serotonergic system or might represent an adaptive response to a chronic disease.
Association of low serum anticholinergic levels and cognitive impairment in elderly presurgical patients
Authors: P S Miller, J S Richardson, C A Jyu, J S Lemay, M Hiscock, D L Keegan
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

Low-dose scopolamine, given as presurgery medication, resulted in low levels of serum anticholinergic activity and caused measurable cognitive impairment in 18 psychiatrically healthy elderly patients. The degree of impairment was directly related to serum anticholinergic activity levels and, in the small subgroup of patients scheduled for spinal anesthesia, to CSF anticholinergic activity. Two of the mental status tests used, the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test and the Saskatoon Delirium Checklist, were sensitive enough to detect these mild drug-induced changes, while two other tests, the Mini-Mental State and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, were not.
Increase in hepatitis A cases in the Czech Republic in 2008 - preliminary report
Authors: K Fabianova, J Cástková, C Beneš, J Kyncl, B Kriz
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

The public health protection authorities in the Czech Republic report a rise in cases of viral hepatitis A (HAV) since the end of May 2008. In total, as many as 602 HAV cases have been reported in 2008 until the end of calendar week 39 (28 September).
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The experience of Princess Nourah Oncology Center (POC), Jeddah
Authors: F. D. Alqadah, N. Alsafadi, V. Shukla, A. Andejani, M. Hussain, K. Malaker, T. Darwish, K. Qureishi, K. Vijayananda, H. Eid
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

5597 Background: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) is the most common Head & Neck cancer in Saudi Arabia. The tumor is considered chemosensitive, and, at the same time has propensity for distant metastasis. Following the Intergroup 0099 Trial, Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by 3 cycles of adjuvant Cisplatin based chemotherapy has recently become standard of care in patients with locally advanced disease. However, the compliance with post-radiation adjuvant chemotherapy has been unsatisfactory Methods: Between August 2002 and July 2004, we enrolled 24 patients with locally advanced (Stage III & IV), non-metastatic NPC in a prospective phase II, testing Induction Chemotherapy (IC) with Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and 5-FU (TPF) combination for 3 cycles, followed by CRT using weekly Carboplatin dosed at an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 2 with Conventionally Fractionated Radiotherapy (CFRT) to a total dose of 65–72 Gy. Results: Median age was 42 year. Twenty-three out of 24 patients had stage IV disease, and 23/24 tumors showed features of Undifferentiated Carcinoma Nasopharyngeal Type (UCNT), WHO type III. IC resulted 7 Complete Clinical Remission (CR 29%), and 17 Partial Remission (PR 71%) for a total Response Rate (CR + PR) of 100%. Compliance with treatmtent was excellent. Hematological toxicity was frequent, but manageable. All patients but one achieved CR following the completion of the protocol. At a median follow up of 12 month, one patient developed a neck relapse, and was salvaged with neck dissection. Another patient had a local relapse in the base of skull, and received further Radiotherapy. So far, no patient developed distant relapse. Conclusions: Though the follow up of our series is short, the treatment protocol including IC with TPF followed by CRT seems well tolerated and yields high remission rate in patients with locally advanced NPC. Further follow up is required to determine the long-term efficacy of this approach. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Psychiatrist-patient sexual contact: results of a national survey, II: Psychiatrists' attitudes
Authors: J L Herman, N Gartrell, S Olarte, M Feldstein, R Localio
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

In a national random-sample survey of 1,423 practicing psychiatrists, the overwhelming majority of the respondents (98%) said that therapist-patient sexual contact is always inappropriate and usually harmful to the patient. However, 29.6% said that such contact after termination of therapy might sometimes be acceptable. Psychiatrists who acknowledged having had sexual contact with one or more patients (N = 84) differed markedly from their peers in their attitudes. The majority (74%) of these offenders believed that sexual contact could be appropriate after termination; many apparently rationalized their behavior in this manner. The authors discuss the need for systematic professional education on the subject.
Endotoxin Treatment and X Irradiation in Mice Bearing Transplanted Tumors
Authors: Joanne W. Hollcroft, Willie W. Smith
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1958)

Salmonella typhosa endotoxin had a small inhibitory effect on the local growth of a lymphosarcoma. X irradiation with 475 r whole-body or 1000 r (200 kv.) to the tumor alone produced the same degree of regression and, in both cases, when endotoxin was given 24 hours before irradiation an additive effect on tumor regression was seen. Whole-body irradiation of mice bearing a disseminated reticulum-cell sarcoma increased their survival time, but increasing the dose from 600 r to 1500 r (2.5 Mev) did not yield a steadily increasing survival time. Irradiation repeated at intervals of 2 weeks or more was more effective than single exposures. Endotoxin given 24 hours before irradiation increased tolerance to radiation. Endotoxin also produced an increase in survival time of the irradiated tumor-bearing mice which was greater than the sum of the increase attributable to endotoxin or radiation alone.
Apolipoprotein E-&amp;isin;A allele and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Naveed Anwar, Simon Lovestone, MichaelE Cheetham, Raymond Levy, JohnF Powell, Philippe Amouyel, Thierry Brousseau, Jean-Charles Fruchart, Jean Dallongeville, G Lucotte, F David, S Visvikis, B Leininger-Müller, G Siest, M.C Babron, R Couderc, Christian Czech, Ursula Mönning, PenttiJ Tienari, Tobias Hartmann, Colin Masters, Konrad Beyreuther, Hans Förstl, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Glyn Lewis, PaulM McKeigue
Journal: The Lancet (1993)
Awareness and disengagement in cancer patients
Authors: E Gottheil, W C McGurn, O Pollak
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

The authors found that cancer patients (N = 44) did not differ from patients with other chronic illnesses (N = 27) with respect to awareness of their condition or ratings on an unobtrusive, nonverbal measure of disengagement. Cancer patients who were aware were more engaged than those who were not, but this was equally true for the noncancer patients. Awareness, for the cancer patients, was not associated with frequency of visiting or with living for a longer or shorter period than expected. There was a significant interaction, however, in that patients who were aware lived longer if they were engaged, whereas patients who were unaware lived longer if they were disengaged. Caution and judgment should be exercised in sharing information with terminally ill patients because awareness may be beneficial for some but not for all.
Midtrimester Amniocentesis for Prenatal Diagnosis
Authors: A Ghiatas
Journal: JAMA (1976)

This prospective study of the safety and accuracy of midtrimester amniocentesis involved 1,040 subjects and 992 controls. Immediate complications of amniocentesis (vaginal bleeding or amniotic fluid leakage) occurred in approximately 2% of the women. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in rate of fetal loss (3.5% for the subjects, 3.2% for the controls) or incidence of complications of pregnancy of delivery. Newborn examination indicated no significant differences between the two groups in incidence of congenital anomalies and no evidence of physical injury resulting from amniocentesis. The two groups did not differ significantly in physical, neurological, or developmental status at one year of age. Diagnostic accuracy was 99.4%. Midtrimester amniocentesis is a highly accurate and safe procedure that does not significantly increase the risk of fetal loss or injury.
Cardiovascular morbidity in high-risk patients during ECT
Authors: E H Rice, L B Sombrotto, J C Markowitz, A C Leon
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

Cardiovascular events are the principal cause of medical morbidity in patients receiving ECT. To assess the risks of ECT for individuals with preexisting cardiovascular disease, the authors examined medical complications in older patients treated with ECT during a 1-year period.A case-control design was used in a review of the charts of 80 consecutive patients who received ECT from August 1990 to August 1991. On the basis of accepted clinical criteria, patients over 50 years of age were divided into two groups: one at increased risk for cardiac complications (N = 26) and one at standard cardiac risk (N = 27). Outcome was measured with a scale designed to assess clinically relevant medical complications.The risk group was older and had received more medical consultations before ECT than the nonrisk group. Although patients in the risk group were more likely to develop minor complications during ECT, they did not differ significantly from the comparison group in the rate of major complications. No patients died or sustained permanent cardiac morbidity during ECT.In contrast to a similar study at the same site 15 years earlier, the current study found ECT to be relatively safe in an unselected study group of elderly patients with preexisting cardiac risk factors. The findings underscore the advances in ECT technique over the past 15 years and the importance of identifying and carefully managing patients with cardiac risk factors before and during ECT.
Impact of FDG-PET scan on follow-up care in nonmetastatic breast cancer
Authors: M. Almubarak, V. Gadiyaram, S. Osman, G. Hobbs, A. Saad, G. Marano, J. Abraham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e11611 Background: Fluorine-18-FDG positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) role in the follow up care of non-metastatic breast cancer is not defined. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 177 patients with stage I-III breast cancer between November 2004 and June 2006. IRB approval was obtained for this study. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A consisted of patients who had one or more FDG-PET scans as part of their clinical follow up (N=68), and Group B consisted of patients who did not (N=109). Clinical, radiological and pathology data were obtained from patients’ records. Results: Median follow-up is 35 months. Mean age 53 years for group A and 57 years for group B. Group A patients were more likely to have had higher stages (29% stage I, 53% stage II, and 18% stage III) compared with group B (64 % stage I, 31% stage II and 4% stage III). The two groups did not differ significantly in ER+ status (69% vs. 78% p=0.21), or Her2neu status (19% vs. 17%; p=0.6). Group A patients had more clinic visits (18 vs. 11; p=0.009), their tumor marker was checked more often (13 vs. 9 times; p=0.0001), had more radiological studies (10 studies vs. 5; p=0.0001), and had more biopsies (0.88 vs. 0.48 biopsy per patient; p=0.05). These differences were significant even after controlling for stage and chemotherapy. 9/68 patients in group A had tumor recurrence compared to 1/109 in group B (p=0.0003). PET scan indications were as follows: 29 (43%) for asymptomatic follow up evaluation [2 recurred]; 18 (26%) concerning symptoms [0 recurred]; 10 (15%) elevated tumor marker [2 recurred]; 7 (10%) other abnormal imaging studies [1 recurred]; 4 (6%) metastatic workup. Conclusions: While FDG-PET might aid in detecting recurrence in some patients with non-metastatic breast cancer, its use was associated with more clinic visits, blood tests, biopsies, and radiological tests. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Further Clinical Studies With 5-Fluorouracil&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Fred J. Ansfield, M.D., A. R. Curreri, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1959)

Carcinoma of the breast, ovary, large bowel and rectum, and hepatoma appeared sensitive to 5-fluorouracil. While several favorable responses were seen with 5-fluorouracil in carcinoma of the cervix, anaplastic carcinoma (primary unknown), transitional cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx, reticulum-cell sarcoma, and synoviosarcoma, further clinical trial is needed to evaluate effectiveness in these lesions. There was strong evidence that 5-fluorouracil had no value in carcinoma of the lung, hypernephroma, carcinoma of the stomach and the pancreas, and malignant melanoma. In our opinion, the dosage schedule influenced the clinical response of the lesion to this agent. The most promising dosage regimen was the administration of 15 mg. per kg. per day for 5 days, followed by half doses given on alternate days until the appearance of early toxicity. So-called maintenance dosage schedule was not only ineffective, but may have been deleterious to the patient. It was necessary to repeat courses of treatment at approximately monthly intervals. The same dosage schedule of 5-fluorouracil could not be repeated, as a rule, for more than several months, and perhaps the dose should have been slightly reduced. 5-Fluorouracil is a toxic drug and should be given with extreme caution. No patient has been cured by this drug.
Max Nordau
Authors: Mardoqueo I. Salomon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

MAX Simon Südfeld* — better known under the pseudonym of "Max Nordau"† — achieved some distinction as a physician, mainly in Budapest, where he was born in 1849 of Spanish-Jewish ancestry and where he practiced for some time as a gynecologist. However, his fame as a journalist, his multiple essays on matters literary, philosophic and sociopolitic and especially his activities as cofounder of political Zionism have so much overshadowed his medical activities that few people are aware that he was a physician. He had, in fact, taken his degree at the University of Pest, Hungary, in 1875, and later specialized . . .
Maintenance of Brown-Pearee Tumor Under Conditions Suitable for Chorioallantoic Culture&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Werner G. Heim, A. M. Schechtman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1955)

Journal Article Maintenance of Brown-Pearee Tumor Under Conditions Suitable for Chorioallantoic Culture Get access Werner G. Heim, Werner G. Heim Department of Zoology, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. M. Schechtman A. M. Schechtman Department of Zoology, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 15, Issue 5, April 1955, Pages 1313–1317, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/15.5.1313 Published: 01 April 1955 Article history Received: 12 August 1954 Published: 01 April 1955
Maintenance of hope in HIV-spectrum homosexual men
Authors: J G Rabkin, J B Williams, R Neugebauer, R H Remien, R Goetz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

The struggle to maintain hope has been described as a central theme faced by clinicians who work with HIV-spectrum people. The authors investigated psychiatric and psychosocial variables thought to be related to level of hope in a community sample of 208 HIV-positive and HIV-negative homosexual men, with the goal of identifying possible risk and protective factors in the progression of HIV infection. Overall, they found high levels of hope and low levels of current syndromal disorder or depressive symptoms. While the sample was a selected group of successful and well-educated homosexual men, it nevertheless remains noteworthy that they were able to preserve a sense of faith in their future despite HIV infection.
Inhibition of Mutated BRAF in Melanoma
Authors: Taegyun Kim, Jihyun Kim, Min-Geol Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

To the Editor: In their phase 1 trial, Flaherty and colleagues (Aug. 26 issue)1 report that treatment with a BRAF inhibitor was effective for the majority of patients with metastatic melanomas carrying the BRAF V600E mutation. Despite encouraging results, tumor resistance to the drug came into question, possibly as a result of transactivation of other signaling molecules of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway.2 NRAS lies at a proximal hierarchy to BRAF in the MAP kinase pathway and can separately activate the AKT pathway, which also plays an important role in melanoma pathogenesis.3 In a study of a human melanoma model, Chudnovsky and colleagues4 showed that NRAS mutation was sufficient to generate melanoma, regardless of mutations in BRAF and the AKT pathway. Of note, Kaplan and colleagues5 recently found that a BRAF inhibitor could inhibit the apoptosis of mutant NRAS melanoma cells, which might explain intrinsic tumor resistance. Since mutations of NRAS and BRAF frequently coexist in melanoma,4,5 it would be noteworthy to know the existence of an NRAS mutation before starting the BRAF inhibitor, and investigation of drugs targeting mutated NRAS might also have therapeutic effects in advanced melanoma.
Histopathologic review of pineal parenchymal tumors identifies novel morphologic subtypes and prognostic factors for outcome
Authors: David R. Raleigh, David A. Solomon, Shane A. Lloyd, Ann Lazar, Michael A. Garcia, Penny K. Sneed, Jennifer L. Clarke, Michael W. McDermott, Mitchel S. Berger, Tarik Tihan, Daphne A. Haas-Kogan
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

Abstract Background. Pineal parenchymal tumors (PPTs) are rare neoplasms of the central nervous system, and data concerning clinical outcomes are limited. The purpose of this study was to define the clinical behavior of PPT according to current histopathologic criteria and identify prognostic factors to guide therapeutic decisions. Methods. Seventy-five patients treated for PPT at a single institution between 1992 and 2015 were retrospectively identified. Forty-five resection specimens were available and re-reviewed. Freedom from progression (FFP) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using log-rank tests. Results. Median follow-up was 4.1 years. All patients initially underwent surgery; 78% of patients with PPT of intermediate differentiation (PPTID) and all patients with pineoblastoma received adjuvant therapy. Pathologic re-review refined classification in 27% of cases, with the majority of these being adult patients with pineal tumors originally classified as pineoblastomas that more accurately resembled PPTID based on the 2007 WHO classification. Classification. Our histologic review also identified that PPTIDs can be classified into small-cell and large-cell morphologic subtypes, which have distinct clinical outcomes. Tumor grade, extent of resection, and neuraxis spread were prognostic for FFP. PPTID subtype, extent of resection, and neuraxis spread were prognostic for OS. Genetic analysis of a pineoblastoma case identified somatic mutations of DICER1, ARID1A, and KDM5C genes. Conclusions. PPTIDs can be classified into 1 of 2 novel morphologic subtypes that are associated with distinct clinical outcomes. Tumor grade, neuraxis spread, and extent of resection also influence outcome for patients with PPT.
Cognitive features of borderline personality disorder
Authors: M C Zanarini, J G Gunderson, F R Frankenburg
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

Of 50 patients with borderline personality disorder, 100% reported disturbed but nonpsychotic thought, 40% (N = 20) reported quasi-psychotic thought, and none reported true psychotic thought during the past 2 years; only 14% (N = 7) reported ever experiencing true psychotic thought. Disturbed and quasi-psychotic thought was significantly more common among these patients than among patients with other axis II disorders or schizophrenia and normal control subjects; however, true psychotic thought was significantly more common among schizophrenic patients. While disturbed thought was also common among axis II disorder and schizophrenic patients, quasi-psychotic thought was reported by only one of these subjects, suggesting that quasi-psychotic thought may be a marker for borderline personality disorder.