tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Deaths, late deaths, and role of infecting dose in Ebola virus disease in Sierra Leone: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hilary Bower, Elizabeth Smout, Mohamed S Bangura, Osman Kamara, Cecilia Turay, Sembia Johnson, Shefali Oza, Francesco Checchi, Judith R Glynn
Journal: BMJ (2016)

To assess the frequency of fatal recrudescence from Ebola virus disease after discharge from treatment centres, and explore the influence of infecting dose on case fatality rates. Retrospective cohort study. Western Area, Sierra Leone. 151 survivors treated for Ebola virus disease at the Kerry Town treatment centre and discharged. Survivors were followed up for a vital status check at four to nine months after discharge, and again at six to 13 months after discharge. Verbal autopsies were conducted for four survivors who had died since discharge (that is, late deaths). Survivors still living in Western Area were interviewed together with their household members. Exposure level to Ebola virus disease was ascertained as a proxy of infecting dose, including for those who died. Risks and causes of late death; case fatality rates; odds ratios of death from Ebola virus disease by age, sex, exposure level, date, occupation, and household risk factors. Follow-up information was obtained on all 151 survivors of Ebola virus disease, a mean of 10 months after discharge. Four deaths occurred after discharge, all within six weeks: two probably due to late complications, one to prior tuberculosis, and only one after apparent full recovery, giving a maximum estimate of recrudescence leading to death of 0.7%. In these households, 395 people were reported to have had Ebola virus disease, of whom 227 died. A further 53 people fulfilled the case definition for probable disease, of whom 11 died. Therefore, the case fatality rate was 57.5% (227/395) for reported Ebola virus disease, or 53.1% (238/448) including probable disease. Case fatality rates were higher in children aged under 2 years and adults older than 30 years, in larger households, and in infections occurring earlier in the epidemic in Sierra Leone. There was no consistent trend of case fatality rate with exposure level, although increasing exposure increased the risk of Ebola virus disease. In this study of survivors in Western Area, Sierra Leone, late recrudescence of severe Ebola virus disease appears to be rare. There was no evidence for an effect of infecting dose (as measured by exposure level) on the severity of disease.
Phase I and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of 17-allylamino-17 demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) in combination with weekly paclitaxel for advanced solid malignancies
Authors: L. A. Musquire, S. Ramalingam, M. J. Egorin, R. P. Sikorski, G. S. Chatta, R. K. Ramanathan, D. Friedland, D. Potter, S. P. Ivy, C. P. Belani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

14028 Background: 17-AAG inhibits heat shock protein 90, promotes degradation of oncoproteins &amp; exhibits synergy with paclitaxel in vitro. We conducted a phase I study in patients (pts) with advanced malignancies to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of the combination of 17-AAG &amp; paclitaxel. Methods: Key eligibility criteria were: histologically confirmed malignancy; lack of standard or proven treatment options; age &gt; 18 years; ECOG PS 0–2; adequate hepatic, renal &amp; bone marrow function &amp; willingness to sign informed consent. Patients with neuropathy &gt; grade 1 and those on therapeutic anticoagulation were excluded. 17-AAG (80–225 mg/m 2 ) was given on days 1, 4, 8, 11, 15 &amp; 18 of each 4-week cycle to sequential cohorts of patients. Paclitaxel (80–100 mg/m 2 ) was administered on days 1, 8 &amp; 15. PK sampling was done on days 1, 4 &amp; 8 of cycle 1. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was assessed during cycle 1. 17-AAG &amp; paclitaxel were quantitated with validated HPLC and LC/MS assays, respectively. Results: 25 pts were accrued to 5 dose levels. Patient demographics were: male 18; median age 61; PS 0–14 pts, 1–10 pts, 2–1 pt. Primary tumor sites were prostate (5), lung (4), esophagus (4), ovary (2), colon (2) &amp; others (8). The median number of cycles was 2. Chest pain (Gr 3) &amp; fatigue (Gr 4) were dose-limiting at dose level 4 (17-AAG 225 mg/m 2 , paclitaxel 80 mg/m 2 ). Other toxicities included neutropenia, fatigue, neuropathy, nausea, arthralgia and myalgia. The RP2D for the regimen is 17-AAG (175 mg/m 2 administered biweekly) &amp; paclitaxel (80 mg/m 2 /wk.) for 3 weeks in a 4 wk. cycle. None of the 6 patients at this dose level experienced DLT. One patient with fibrosarcoma experienced a PR &amp; 4 (esophageal, prostate, gall bladder cancer) had SD. Paclitaxel PK were compatible with previous reports in literature and were similar on days 1 &amp; 8. 17-AAG PK were linear and similar when given alone and in combination with paclitaxel. Conclusions: The combination of biweekly 17-AAG (175 mg/m 2 ) and weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m 2 /week) is tolerated well and was associated with anti-cancer activity. There was no evidence of drug-drug PK interactions. Support: NCI U01 CA099168–01, NIH/NCCR/GCRC grant 5M01RR 00056 No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The psychotherapist's search for self-renewal
Authors: T McCarley
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

The role of psychotherapist carries with it special stresses to which many professionals react with depressive feelings, particularly in mid-life. Psychotherapists who participated in small group sessions at two annual institutes of the American Group Psychotherapy Association revealed their depressive feelings in a striking way. Some were able to relate these feelings to early family dynamics that motivated their choice of a caretaking career. The groups concluded that there is a continuing necessity for the caretaker to acknowledge and seek care for his emotional needs. Planners of continuing professional education for psychotherapists should make these needs a central concern.
Can Walkable Urban Design Play a Role in Reducing the Incidence of Obesity-Related Conditions?
Authors: Andrew G. Rundle, Steven B. Heymsfield
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Potential Role of Patient Navigation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries for Patients With Cancer
Authors: Alexandra Bukowski, Yanin Chávarri-Guerra, Paul E. Goss
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Autoantibodies against thrombospondin type 1 domain–containing 7A induce membranous nephropathy
Authors: Nicola M. Tomas, Elion Hoxha, Anna T. Reinicke, Lars Fester, Udo Helmchen, Jens Gerth, Friederike Bachmann, Klemens Budde, Friedrich Koch-Nolte, Gunther Zahner, Gabriele Rune, Gerard Lambeau, Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger, Rolf A.K. Stahl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults, and one-third of patients develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Circulating autoantibodies against the podocyte surface antigens phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R1) and the recently identified thrombospondin type 1 domain–containing 7A (THSD7A) are assumed to cause the disease in the majority of patients. The pathogenicity of these antibodies, however, has not been directly proven. Here, we have reported the analysis and characterization of a male patient with THSD7A-associated MN who progressed to ESRD and subsequently underwent renal transplantation. MN rapidly recurred after transplantation. Enhanced staining for THSD7A was observed in the kidney allograft, and detectable anti-THSD7A antibodies were present in the serum before and after transplantation, suggesting that these antibodies induced a recurrence of MN in the renal transplant. In contrast to PLA2R1, THSD7A was expressed on both human and murine podocytes, enabling the evaluation of whether anti-THSD7A antibodies cause MN in mice. We demonstrated that human anti-THSD7A antibodies specifically bind to murine THSD7A on podocyte foot processes, induce proteinuria, and initiate a histopathological pattern that is typical of MN. Furthermore, anti-THSD7A antibodies induced marked cytoskeletal rearrangement in primary murine glomerular epithelial cells as well as in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Our findings support a causative role of anti-THSD7A antibodies in the development of MN.
Case 19-1979
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Michael B. Stemerman, John C. Long
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Presentation of CaseA 78-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of weakness.There was a long history of weakness of the ankles and difficulty with gait. Five years before entry she fractured her left hip in a fall; three years later she again fell, fracturing her right hip. X-ray films of the cervical spine showed extensive osteophyte formation, with narrowing of the third through seventh cervical disk spaces; the spinal canal did not appear narrowed. Thereafter she was able to ambulate with a walker until two days before entry, when she again fell and was unable to arise. . . .
Abstract IA19: Cancer epigenomics: From knowledge to applications
Authors: Manel Esteller
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract For the last twenty-five years an increasing amount of evidence has shown the relevance of epigenetics in cell biology and tissue physiology, being DNA methylation aberrations in cancer the flag-ship for the recognition of its disturbance in human diseases. From the candidate gene approaches, new powerful technologies such as comprehensive DNA methylation microarrays and whole genome bisulfite sequencing has recently emerged that have reinforced the notion of epigenetic disruption in the crossroad of many sickness. From the poster-boy cases of MGMT and GSTP1 hypermethylation in the prediction of alkylating drug response and prostate cancer detection, respectively, to the personalized treatment of leukemia with small molecules targeted to fusion proteins involving histone modifiers such as DOT1L and MLL, the field has walked a long path. The current talk will focus in the epigenetic profiling, basically at the level of DNA methylation and histone modifications, that is starting to provide clinical value in the diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of response to drug therapies, with an emphasis in neoplasia, but without forgetting the novel advances in other human disorders. For cancer, we have already a wide view of the undergoing DNA methylation events that expand beyond classical promoter CpG islands of tumor suppressor genes and we have a growing list of mutated chromatin remodeler genes that contributes to the tumorigenesis process. It is time to apply this knowledge in practical clinical situations like the diagnosis of cancers of unknown primary, the screening of malignancies in high-risk populations or a biomarker selection of the patients that should receive treatment with epigenetic drugs. Citation Format: Manel Esteller, Sr. Cancer epigenomics: From knowledge to applications. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2015 Oct 23-26; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA19.
More Evidence Linking Zika Virus to Birth Defects
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Two new studies provide important information on the link between Zika virus and severe fetal central nervous system complications and death.

In a prospective cohort study, investigators from Brazil and the United States collected medical, prenatal, and clinical data and serum and urine specimens from 88 pregnant women at 5 to 38 gestational weeks presenting with a rash within the previous 5 days (Brasil P et al. N Engl J Med. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1602412 [published online March 4, 2016]). Of the 72 women who tested positive for Zika virus, 42 (58%) were examined by fetal ultrasonography.

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Pharmacokinetic Studies of 68Ga-Labeled Bombesin (68Ga-BZH3) and F-18 FDG PET in Patients With Recurrent Gliomas and Comparison to Grading
Authors: Antonia Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss, Marcel Seiz, Jochen Tuettenberg, Kirsten Schmieder, Michael Eisenhut, Uwe Haberkorn, Ludwig G. Strauss
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Dynamic PET studies with a ⁶⁸Ga-Bombesin analog, the ⁶⁸Ga-BZH₃, were performed in patients with highly suspected recurrent gliomas to investigate the effect of the receptor scintigraphy on tumor grading. Furthermore, dynamic F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) studies were performed for comparison.The study consisted of 15 patients with histologically confirmed recurrent gliomas. Dynamic PET scans using ⁶⁸Ga-BZH₃ and FDG were obtained on 2 different days within 1 week. Multivariate analysis was used for the evaluation of the kinetic data. Standardized uptake values were calculated and a compartment (2-tissue) as well as a noncompartment model was used for data evaluation of both tracers.The evaluation includes 6 patients with a WHO II, 6 patients with a WHO III, and 3 patients with a WHO IV recurrent gliomas. Of the 15 patients, 10 patients demonstrated an increased ⁶⁸Ga-BZH₃ uptake visually, 3 of them with a WHO II, 4 with a WHO III, and 3 with a WHO IV tumor. Of the 15 patients, 6 patients revealed an enhanced FDG metabolism visually, 3 of them with a WHO II, and 3 with a WHO III. None of the 3 patients with WHO IV tumor demonstrated an enhanced FDG-uptake. Discriminant analysis based on a combination of FDG influx and binding potential of ⁶⁸Ga-BZH₃ best discriminated between low- and high-grade gliomas with a correct classification rate of 100%.⁶⁸Ga-BZH₃ seems to be helpful in patients with recurrent gliomas for the differentiation between low- and high-grade gliomas. Overall, the quantitative evaluation was superior to the visual analysis and the parameters of the ⁶⁸Ga-BZH₃ kinetics were more helpful than those of FDG for the differentiation between low- and high-grade gliomas.
<i>Nab</i>-paclitaxel and carboplatin with or without trastuzumab (trast) as part of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in patients (pts) with stage II-III breast cancer (BC)
Authors: I. B. Paz, S. Lau, C. Garberoglio, T. H. Luu, C. T. Chung, J. Mortimer, L. Wagman, J. Shen, P. Frankel, G. Somlo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

567 Background: Pathologic complete response (pCR) and minimal residual cancer burden (RCB) after NCT may predict improved survival (Symmans et al. J Clin Oncol 25:4414–22, 2007). Hence, improved NCT regimens and molecular markers that predict both response and/or resistance are needed. Methods: Pts with stages II-III HER2 - BC were prospectively randomized to receive 6 cycles of docetaxel 75 mg/m2, doxorubicin 50 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 with filgrastim support (TAC, arm A) versus a novel regimen of A 60 mg/m2 and C 600 mg/m2 given every 2 weeks x 4, followed by 3 weekly doses of carboplatin (AUC 2) and nab-paclitaxel 100 mg/m2 given every 4 weeks x 3 cycles ( arm B). Pts with HER2 + BC received NCT similar to arm B but with the addition of 12 weekly doses of tras given with carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel (arm C). Core biopsies were performed prior to and mid-NCT, and samples were procured at surgery. When feasible, specimens from each time point were preserved fresh frozen, in RNA-later, as well as formalin-fixed in paraffin, and in ethanol. Results: Of 52 pts accrued, 40 pts (median age: 50 years; range, 31–69) with stages II (n:18) and III BC (n: 22, including 9 with inflammatory BC) have completed NCT, and 39 pts undergone surgery (1 pt refused). Fifty-eight percent of BC were ER-positive and 25% were HER2+. Eighty percent of pts on Arm A received all planned NCT cycles, while 100% and 90% of pts received all cycles on arms B and C. Grade 3 reversible neuropathies were seen in arm B (n: 2, 13%)n and C (n:1, 10%). Grade 3/4 neutropenia or neutropenic fever were more prevalent on Arm A (67 % and 20%) versus arm B (33% and 0%). pCR and minimal RCB as response to PCT were observed as follows: arm A (n:15):7% and 23%; Arm B (n: 14): 7% and 23 %; Arm C (n:10): 40% and 0 %. Microarray analysis and immunohistochemical analysis of HER2, EGFR, IGFR, and p-Stat3, p-AKT, p-Src, Survivin, P21, P27, Ki67 are ongoing. Conclusions: The addition of carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel with or without trastuzumab is feasible and active as NCT. The results of planned comparative interim analysis (set to occur after 17 pts each will have completed NCT) and correlative studies will be presented. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration NCI
NTCT-11WERNICKE ENCEPHALOPATHY IN CANCER PATIENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Fernanda Wajnsztajn, Lauren Cameron, Gurcharanjeet Kaur, Agnieszka Kowalska
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

NTCT-11. WERNICKE ENCEPHALOPATHY IN CANCER PATIENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW Fernanda Wajnsztajn, Lauren Cameron, Gurcharanjeet Kaur, and Agnieszka Kowalska; Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of Wernicke Encephalopathy (WE) in cancer patients and to determine if prophylaxis with thiamine prevents neurologic complications. BACKGROUND: Wernicke’s Encephalopathy (WE) is a known neurologic complication in cancer patients due to suspected etiologies such as chronic malnutrition, chemotherapy-associated vomiting, and thiamine consumption by rapidly growing tumors. MRI brain is considered the most valuable method to confirm the diagnosis. Currently amongst the cancer population there is no standardized approach to obtain thiamine levels,brainMRI, thiamine doseandduration,andwhen to initiateprophylaxis. METHODS: We utilized the search engine PubMed to review a total of 78 cases reported between 1990-2015. Patients with history of alcoholism were excluded from our review. RESULTS: The most common types of cancer associatedwith WE were gastrointestinal tract (35.6%) followedbyhematopoietic cancers (34.6%), gynecological cancers (9%), CNS cancers and head and neck gynecological cancers (6.4% each) and others (7.6%). WE was also frequently seen in patients treated with; antimetabolites (29.48%), followed by alkylating and anthracyclines agents (24.3% each), and Mitotic inhibitors (6.4%). Of the 78 cases reviewed 61.5% were females, with mean age of 44. Brain MRIs were obtained in 78% of patients, of those 93% revealed positive radiological findings. 76.9% of patients received thiamine, despite only 24% that had serum thiamine levels checked. 70.5% showed partial or total recovery after thiamine supplementation. The thiamine doses were variable and not frequently reported. Total parental nutrition was reported in 46.1% of patients. CONCLUSION: WE needs to be considered in all cancer patients, especially GI and hematopoietic cancers. Work up should consist of thiamine levels and MRI brain. Thiamine supplementation should be reinforced amongst patients receiving TPN. We recommend standardized WE prophylaxis in cancer patients in order to prevent neurologic complications. Neuro-Oncology 17:v172–v175, 2015. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nov226.11 Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology 2015.
Sentinel Nodes
Authors: R. F. Uren, J. F. Thompson, R. Howman-Giles
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

RPAH Medical Center Newtown, N.S.W. 2042 Australia Melanoma Unit RPAH Camperdown N.S.W. 2050 Australia RPAH Medical Center Newtown, N.S.W. 2042 Australia
Metastasis: new functional implications of platelets and megakaryocytes
Authors: Raphael Leblanc, Olivier Peyruchaud
Journal: Blood (2016)

Platelets are essential components of hemostasis. Due to a plethora of factors released on activation, platelet functions are also connected to tumor growth, notably by acting on angiogenesis. It is now well recognized that major roles of platelets in the poor outcome of cancer patients occurs during hematogenous dissemination of cancer cells. In this review, we describe recent insights into the molecular mechanisms supporting the prometastatic activity of platelets. Platelets have been shown to promote survival of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the bloodstream by conferring resistance to the shear stress and attack from natural killer cells. Recently, platelets were found to promote and/or maintain the state of epithelial to mesenchymal transition on CTCs through platelet secretion of transforming growth factor β in response to CTC activation. At a later stage in the metastatic process, platelets promote extravasation and establishment of metastatic cells in distant organs as observed in bone. This particular environment is also the site of hematopoiesis, megakaryocytopoiesis, and platelet production. Increasing the number of megakaryocytes (MKs) in the bone marrow results in a high bone mass phenotype and inhibits skeletal metastasis formation of prostate cancer cells. As a result of their specific location in vascular niches in the bone marrow, MK activity might contribute to the "seed and soil" suitability between CTCs and bone. In conclusion, recent findings have made a great advance in our knowledge on how platelets contribute to the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells and that may support the development of new antimetastasis therapies.
Case 23-1987
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 61-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a left pleural effusion. She was well until six months earlier, when she began to have left pleurit...