tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Value of syndromic surveillance in monitoring a focal waterborne outbreak due to an unusual Cryptosporidium genotype in Northamptonshire, United Kingdom, June – July 2008
Authors: S Smith, A J Elliot, C Mallaghan, D Modha, J Hippisley-Cox, S Large, M Regan, G E Smith
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

The United Kingdom (UK) has several national syndromic surveillance systems. The Health Protection Agency (HPA)/NHS Direct syndromic surveillance system uses pre-diagnostic syndromic data from a national telephone helpline, while the HPA/QSurveillance national surveillance system uses clinical diagnosis data extracted from general practitioner (GP)-based clinical information systems. Data from both of these systems were used to monitor a local outbreak of cryptosporidiosis that occurred following Cryptosporidium oocyst contamination of drinking water supplied from the Pitsford Reservoir in Northamptonshire, United Kingdom, in June 2008. There was a peak in the number of calls to NHS Direct concerning diarrhoea that coincided with the incident. QSurveillance data for the local areas affected by the outbreak showed a significant increase in GP consultations for diarrhoea and gastroenteritis in the week of the incident but there was no increase in consultations for vomiting. A total of 33 clinical cases of cryptosporidiosis were identified in the outbreak investigation, of which 23 were confirmed as infected with the outbreak strain. However, QSurveillance data suggest that there were an estimated 422 excess diarrhoea cases during the outbreak, an increase of about 25% over baseline weekly levels. To our knowledge, this is the first time that data from a syndromic surveillance system, the HPA/QSurveillance national surveillance system, have been able to show the extent of such a small outbreak at a local level. QSurveillance, which covers about 38% of the UK population, is currently the only GP database that is able to provide data at local health district (primary care trust) level. The Cryptosporidium contamination incident described demonstrates the potential usefulness of this information, as it is unusual for syndromic surveillance systems to be able to help monitor such a small-scale outbreak.
Effects of a Bacterial Polysaccharide (Piromen) on Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: Modification of ACTH Release by Morphine and Salicylate
Authors: B C WEXLER
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PWE-054 Independent validation of the ibd-control questionnaire: results from a large-scale electronic patient experience survey (ibd2020)
Authors: K Bodger, T Gledhill, R Driscoll, H Terry, P Irving, S Travis
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The IBD-Control Questionnaire is a self-completed patient reported outcome measure developed to rapidly capture disease control from the patient perspective.<sup>1</sup>Eight of the question items generate a summary score (IBD-Control-8) ranging from 0 (worst control) to 16 (best control). We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of capturing the items electronically (rather than on paper) and to validate their measurement properties independently within the setting of a large-scale UK patient experience survey. <h3>Method</h3> The IBD2020 survey was an electronic (online) questionnaire of patient experiences of healthcare across Europe, promoted in the UK by the national charity, Crohn’s and Colitis UK. The survey included items about sociodemographics, disease type, treatments, self-reported disease activity (last 3 months), relapse status (last 12 months), disease impact and a wide range of questions about care experiences. The IBD-Control-8 questions were incorporated into the UK survey, allowing an opportunity to validate its performance. <h3>Results</h3> 818 UK patients completed the survey (Female n = 611; Under 30 years, n = 259; 30–44 yrs n = 352; 45–59 yrs 1n=42, 60 yrs plus n = 45; CD n = 483; Previous surgery n = 275; Current stoma n = 69). Self-reported disease activity in last 3 months: Remission 10.8%, Minimal 21.1%, Mildly 28.0%, Moderately 22.1%, Severely 8.7%, Missing 9.3%. 701/818 (85.7%) completed all IBD-Control-8 questions, (mean score [sd]: 7.3 [4.9]; range: 0–16). Internal consistency was strong (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.82). Construct validity of IBD-Control-8 was confirmed by: (a) moderately strong negative correlation (Spearman’s rho values) with ‘Disease Activity In Last 3 months’ (Overall -0.68; CD -0.67; UC -0.66; Post-surgery -0.65) and ‘Number of Relapses in Last 12 months’ (Overall -0.61; CD -0.59; UC -0.60; Post-surgery -0.58) and (b) Significantly higher mean [sd] scores for remission versus any level of disease activity (13.1 [3.1] versus 6.4 [4.5]; p &lt; 0.001). Utility of IBD-Control-8 as a screening test to identify ‘quiescent’ patients (score of 13+) was confirmed (specificity: 88.2% versus self-reported ‘remission’ status; 95% versus remission or minimal activity). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The IBD-Control-8 items from the IBD-Control Questionnaire are well suited to large-scale electronic surveys, with excellent completion rates within a lengthy patient experience survey. This study provides independent confirmation of its previously reported psychometric properties in a large cohort of UK patients. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Bodger, <i>et al</i>. Gut. 2014;63(7):1092–102
Assessing the risk of a community outbreak of hepatitis A on blood safety in Latvia, 2008
Authors: J Perevoščikovs, A Lenglet, I Lucenko, A Šteinerte, L Payne Hallström, D Coulombier
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

Post-transfusion hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection worldwide is considered a sporadic event. An outbreak of HAV infection occurred in Latvia between the end of 2007 and throughout 2008 with more than 2,800 confirmed cases reported over a 13-month period (incidence of 123 per 100,000 population). The majority of reported HAV infection cases were in people over 18 years of age and in people living in the capitalcity, Riga. We estimated that the crude risk for HAV contamination of whole blood supplies in Riga between February and October 2008 ranged from 1.4 to 10.6 per 10,000 donated units. In people under 40 years of age, the risk of receiving an infectious blood transfusion was more than 3.0 per 10,000 recipients between August and October 2008 during the peak of the outbreak. We conclude that there is a previously under-recognised impact of HAV on blood safety during widespread outbreaks of this disease. Estimating the risk of contamination of blood supplies during an infectious disease outbreak scenario is important for fine tuning risk assessments and potentially improving public health practices.
The Spanish multidrug resistant tuberculosis network
Authors: S Samper, M. J. Iglesias, O Tello
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2000)

The network to monitor the spread of multidrug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Spain based on genomic typing and set up in January 1998 benefits from the participation of about 90% of the laboratories of the national health system. Of the 94 MDR-TB pa
Examining the Examination
Authors: E.J. H.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Editorials1 January 1973Examining the ExaminationE.J. H.E.J. H.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-1-142 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe American Board of Internal Medicine is one of the institutions by which our profession monitors the competence of its members and thus guarantees to the public a certain quality of medical care. Certification by the Board is also a gateway to professional eminence and its economic advantages. Clearly, the Board's conduct of its role is of great importance for the profession and for the public. As with any institution of high place and responsibility, the Board is at risk for criticism of its policies and actions.Recent criticisms of the Board have centered on two issues. The first is...References1. : Policies and Procedures. Philadelphia, American Board of Internal Medicine, March 1972, pp. 2-4 Google Scholar2. PETERSDORFBECK RJ: The new procedure for evaluating the clinical competence of candidates to be certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine. Ann Intern Med 72:491-496, 1972 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBibliography 1 January 1973Volume 78, Issue 1Page: 142-144KeywordsHealth care quality ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Sixty seconds on . . . Tamiflu
Authors: Nigel Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Yes, indeed. A new Cochrane analysis has found insufficient evidence to show that it saved lives in the 2009 H1N1 flu epidemic.1

The United Kingdom spent £424m (€550m; $613m) on stockpiling oseltamivir (Tamiflu). The Cochrane team says that it reduced the length of the infection in adults by 16.8 hours and in otherwise healthy children by …
“Process and perish” or multiple buffers with push-down stacks?
Authors: Stephen C Levinson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2016)

Abstract This commentary raises two issues: (1) Language processing is hastened not only by internal pressures but also externally by turn-taking in language use; (2) the theory requires nested levels of processing, but linguistic levels do not fully nest; further, it would seem to require multiple memory buffers, otherwise there's no obvious treatment for discontinuous structures, or for verbatim recall.
Plasma and saliva levels of chlorpromazine and subjective response
Authors: T Van Putten, P R May, D J Jenden, A K Cho, C Yale
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

Newly admitted schizophrenic patients (N=48) were given a test does of 2.2 mg/kg of chlorpromazine hydrochloride by mouth. Chlorpromazine was measured in plasma and saliva at 1, 2, 3 (saliva only), 4, 6, 8, 12 (saliva only), and 24 hours by gas chromatography-mass spectography. Subjective response at 4 and 24 hours after test dose was not significantly related to either plasma or saliva level even for dysphoric responders. Dyschoric responses to chlorpromazine appear to be idiosyncratic--rooted perhaps in altered recepter sensitivity or in a patient's very personal interpretation of drug effect.
AB0606 Lupus Myocarditis in the Western Cape, South Africa: Analysis of Clinical and Echocardiographic Features: Table 1
Authors: R. Du Toit, P. Herbst, A. van Rensburg, L. du Plessis, H. Reuter, A. Doubell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Lupus myocarditis (LM) is a serious manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). LM in patients of African American ethnicity has an increased prevalence and higher mortality compared to other ethnic groups. In the mixed racial population of the Western Cape, South Africa, no data exists on the clinical features and outcome of LM. Echocardiography is frequently used to support the diagnosis of LM. Speckle tracking (ST) is more sensitive than standard imaging in the detection of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Literature on the use of ST in patients with clinically evident LM is limited. <h3>Objectives</h3> To give a comprehensive description of the clinical and echocardiographic features of acute LM in a mixed racial population. <h3>Methods</h3> Clinical records (over 6 years) of adult SLE patients at a tertiary referral centre were retrospectively screened for a clinical and echocardiographic diagnosis of LM. Clinical features, laboratory results, management and outcome were described. Echocardiographic images stored in a digital archive were reanalysed (where views allowed), including LV regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) and longitudinal strain through ST. <h3>Results</h3> 28 patients (6.1%) met inclusion criteria: 92.9% were female and 89% were of mixed racial origin. 54% of patients presented with LM within 3 months after being diagnosed with SLE. Median SLE disease activity index was 17.5 (IQR:12.3-24) and 50% of patients had concomitant lupus nephritis. Laboratory results included: low complement (92.3%); urinary protein &gt;0.5g/day (83%); increased aRNP (62%). Initial (at time of diagnosis) and most recent echocardiographic data are summarised in table 1. Treatment included corticosteroids (96%) and cyclophosphamide (75%); 14% of patients required additional immunosuppression. Clinical improvement occurred in 67% of patients (563 days, median); 2 patients relapsed. Though the median LV ejection fraction (LVEF) improved from 35 to 47%, reduced longitudinal strain and RWMA persisted in most patients (Table 1). Overall mortality was high (12/28): 5/28 (17.9%) died due to LM compared to 2/24 (8.3%) in another case series. Mortality due to LM and/or treatment related complications were 35.7% (10/28). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This is the largest reported case series on LM. The mixed racial population had a similar prevalence, but higher mortality compared to other ethnic groups (published literature). An increased awareness towards an early diagnosis is essential, especially in recently diagnosed SLE patients with concomitant lupus nephritis. ST (not previously described in acute LM) and RWMA showed persistent LV dysfunction despite an improved LVEF and could be utilised as a sensitive diagnostic tool in LM. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Immunisation registers in Italy: a patchwork of computerisation
Authors: V Alfonsi, F D'Ancona, M C Rota, C Giambi, A Ranghiasci, S Iannazzo, Collective Regional coordinators for infectiou
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

In Italy, the 21 regional health authorities are in charge of organising and implementing their own vaccination strategy, based on the national vaccine plan. Immunisation coverage varies greatly among the regions for certain vaccines. Efforts to increase childhood immunisation coverage have included initiatives to develop and implement computerised immunisation registers in as many regions as possible. We undertook a cross-sectional online survey in July 2011 to provide an updated picture of the use, heterogeneity and main functions of different computerised immunisation registers used in the Italian regions and to understand the flow of information from local health units to the regional authorities and to the Ministry of Health. Comparing current data with those obtained in 2007, a substantial improvement is evident. A total of 15 regions are fully computerised (previously nine), with 83% of local health units equipped with a computerised register (previously 70%). Eight of the 15 fully computerised regions use the same software, simplifying data sharing. Only four regions are able to obtain data in real time from local health units. Despite the progress made, the capacity to monitor vaccination coverage and to exchange data appears still limited.
Emergence of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 genogroup 6B and drug resistant virus, India, January to May 2015
Authors: Manmohan Parida, Paban Kumar Dash, Jyoti S Kumar, Gaurav Joshi, Kundan Tandel, Shashi Sharma, Ambuj Srivastava, Ankita Agarwal, Amrita Saha, Shweta Saraswat, Divyanshi Karothia, Vatsala Malviya
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2016)

To investigate the aetiology of the 2015 A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza outbreak in India, 1,083 nasopharyngeal swabs from suspect patients were screened for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Of 412 positive specimens, six were further characterised by phylogenetic analysis of haemagglutinin (HA) sequences revealing that they belonged to genogroup 6B. A new mutation (E164G) was observed in HA2 of two sequences. Neuraminidase genes in two of 12 isolates from fatal cases on prior oseltamivir treatment harboured the H275Y mutation.
Outbreaks of Acute Gastroenteritis Transmitted by Person-to-Person Contact, Environmental Contamination, and Unknown Modes of Transmission — United States, 2009–2013
Authors: Mary E. Wikswo, Anita Kambhampati, Kayoko Shioda, Kelly A. Walsh, Anna Bowen, Aron J. Hall
Journal: MMWR Surveillance Summaries (2015)

Guidance document for reporting all enteric foodborne, person-to-person, environmental, animal contact, and unknown/indeterminate mode of transmission outbreaks and for the general sections for reporting waterborne outbreaks
Thalidomide-Interferon Vs. Interferon Maintenance Therapy After Thal-Dex Vs. MP Induction Therapy in Elderly Patients with Multiple Myeloma.
Authors: Heinz Ludwig, Zdenek Adam, Elena Tóthová, Roman Hajek, Boris Labar, Miklós Egyed, Ivan Spicka, Johannes Drach, Heinz Gisslinger, Ingrid Kuhn, Niklas Zojer, Zoran Birovljev, Axel Hinke
Journal: Blood (2009)
Comparative Studies of Liver Glucuronidase Activity in Inbred Mice
Authors: A G MORROW, E M GREENSPAN, D M CARROLL
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1950)

Comparative Studies of Liver Glucuronidase Activity in Inbred Mice Get access Andrew G. Morrow, Andrew G. Morrow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ezra M. Greenspan, Ezra M. Greenspan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dorothy M. Carroll Dorothy M. Carroll from the Clinical Research Unit, National Cancer Institute, U. S. Marine Hospital, Baltimore, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 10, Issue 5, April 1950, Pages 1199–1203, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/10.5.1199 Published: 01 April 1950 Article history Received: 10 February 1950 Published: 01 April 1950
High Testosterone Levels in Prostate Tissue Obtained By Needle Biopsy Correlate with Poor Prognosis Factors in Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Y. Miyoshi, S. Umemoto, H. Uemura, Y. Shibata, K. Sakamaki, S. Honma, K. Suzuki, Y. Kubota
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Glycolytic Properties of High and Low Sarcoma-Producing Lines and Clones of Mouse Tissue-Culture Cells
Authors: Mark W. Woods, Katherine K. Sanford, Dean Burk, Wilton R. Earle
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1959)

Comparative anaerobic-glycolysis measurements were made of mouse sarcoma-producing cell lines, their clonal derivatives, and strains cultured from sarcomas produced by injection of these lines into mice of the original strain. These various sublines were all derived originally from one and the same cell cultured from normal subcutaneous connective adipose tissue. Sarcoma-producing cell lines of low tumor-producing potency had low glycolytic quotients (avg. QN2CO2, = 36–42), whereas lines of high sarcoma-producing capacity had high glycolytic quotients (avg. QN2CO2 = 93–110). One clone of intermediate glycolytic activity (avg. QN2CO2 = 58) displayed variable tumor latent periods. Tests were also made on two strains of fibroblasts recently isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue of C3H mice. These recently isolated fibroblasts lacked the ability to produce tumors on reinjection into mice, and had relatively low glycolytic activities (avg. QN2CO2 = 33). Decreased sensitivity of glycolysis in vitro to inhibition by a specific anti-insulin (i.e., anti-hexokinase) inhibitor, a Podophyllum derivative, was associated with increased glycolytic and sarcoma-producing capacities. The possible role of the mitochondria as the loci, and hereditary carriers, of the glycolytic and other possible changes is considered.
Dimensions of delusional experience
Authors: K S Kendler, W M Glazer, H Morgenstern
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

The authors describe a scale designed to measure five dimensions of delusional experience: conviction, extension, bizarreness, disorganization, and pressure. Reliability was adequate to excellent on four of the dimensions, but only fair on the dimension of bizarreness. In 52 delusional patients, no two dimensions correlated highly with each other, indicating that the dimensions were not redundant. Factor analysis identified two factors from the five dimensions--delusional involvement and delusional construct. On the basis of these results the authors suggest that delusions are a multidimensional phenomenon; the results have implications for the measurement of delusions in clinical research and for the understanding of the structure of psychotic experience.
Effect of Nifedipine and Cerivastatin on Coronary Endothelial Function in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Endothelial dysfunction is an important feature of atherosclerosis. Inhibition of the HMG-CoA pathway and of calcium channels improves endothelial function experimentally and in the forearm circulation. Thus, we investigated the effects of a statin and/or a calcium antagonist on coronary endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods and Results— In 343 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in 29 centers, acetylcholine (10 −6 to 10 −4 mol/L) was infused in a coronary segment without angiographically significant CAD. Changes in coronary diameter were measured by quantitative angiography. Endothelium-independent responses were assessed by intracoronary adenosine (1.2 mg/mL) and nitroglycerin (250 μg). Thereafter, patients were randomized in a double-blind manner to placebo, cerivastatin 0.4 mg/d, nifedipine 30 to 60 mg/d, or their combination. Studies were repeated at 6 months. In the most constricted segment, nifedipine but not cerivastatin reduced vasoconstriction to acetylcholine (18.8% versus placebo 10.0%; P &lt;0.05). Patients not taking ACE inhibitors showed a smaller improvement in the placebo group (6.0%), but nifedipine still had an effect (17.0%; P &lt;0.05 versus placebo). Analysis of all evaluable coronary segments revealed an 11% reduction of acetylcholine-induced vasoconstriction in patients receiving nifedipine and cerivastatin ( P &lt;0.05 versus placebo). Cerivastatin lowered LDL cholesterol by 35% ( P &lt;0.001). Conclusions— The ENCORE I trial demonstrates that multicenter studies on coronary endothelial function are feasible. After 6 months’ treatment, nifedipine improved coronary endothelial function in the most constricted segment. The combination of nifedipine and cerivastatin tended to improve endothelial function; however, this only reached significance in an analysis of all coronary segments.