tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 596: Oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus selectively kills bladder cancer cells which have a low level of type I interferon receptor
Authors: Kevin Zhang, Yoshiyuki Matsui, Boris A. Hadaschik, Cleo Lee, William Jia, John C. Bell, Ladan Fazli, Alan I. So, Paul S. Rennie
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Bladder cancer is the second most common genitourinary malignancy. Current treatments options are of limited efficacy since approximately 80% of patients will develop recurrent tumors of which 20-30% evolve into more aggressive, potentially lethal cancers. A new strategy to treat bladder cancer is the intra-vesical application of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), which is a replication competent oncolytic virus that relies on an aberrant interferon signaling pathway within cancer cells. Using a tissue microarray composed of human bladder cancer cores and by immunohistochemistry, we observed that expression of type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR) was decreased relative to normal bladder tissue. Advanced bladder cancers had even lower expression of IFNAR. We observed that VSV preferentially targeted high grade bladder cancer cells which were resistant to type I IFN treatment. We also found that these high grade bladder cancer cells susceptible to VSV-induced lysis had low expression of IFNAR. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of IFNAR indeed facilitated replication of VSV in cells previously resistant to VSV treatment. Consequently, intra-vesicular instillation of wildtype VSV and the Delta51M strain, which has an impaired ability to shutdown innate immunity, significantly inhibited high grade tumor growth by 98% and 90% respectively as compared to controls treated with UV-inactivated VSV. No evidence of toxicity or systemic viral infection in either group was found. In conclusion, down-regulation of IFNAR in bladder cancer may be one of the primary molecular mechanisms for clinical IFN resistance. However, this also facilitates VSV replication and oncolysis in high risk bladder cancers and provides a basis for selecting bladder cancer patients for IFN or oncolytic VSV therapy in future clinical trials. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 596.
A Controlled Study of Inhaled Pentamidine for Primary Prevention of<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>Pneumonia
Authors: Bernard Hirschel, Adriano Lazzarin, Pierre Chopard, Milos Opravil, Hans-Jakob Furrer, Sigmund Rüttimann, Pietro Vernazza, Jean-Philippe Chave, Fausto Ancarani, Victor Gabriel, Alison Heald, Robin King, Raffaele Malinverni, Jean-Louis Martin, Bernadette Mermillod, Laurent Nicod, Loredana Simoni, Maria Concetta Vivirito, Roberto Zerboni
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Current recommendations for prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) are based on data from patients who have had at least one episode of PCP (secondary prevention). We designed a study to determine the efficacy and side effects of inhaled pentamidine in the primary prevention of PCP.
FRI0118 Construct Validity and Responsiveness of the Simplified Version of Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (SASDAS) for the Evaluation of Disease Activity in Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: F. Salaffi, A. Ciapetti, S. Gasparini, G. Citera, M. Carotti, M. Gutierrez
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the construct validity of the Simplified Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (SADSAS) to define disease activity and to compare the internal and external responsiveness of SADSAS with the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) in an observational cohort of patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA). <h3>Methods</h3> Three-hundred and ninety-seven patients with axial SpA, with disease duration of 5.1 years and never treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers, were included in the study. One-hundred and fifty-six patients were observed longitudinally for 6 months. Clinical and laboratory outcome assessments were performed at baseline and at week 24. BASDAI, ASDAS based on CRP (ASDAS-CRP) or ESR (ASDAS-ESR) and SASDAS were evaluated. Construct convergent validity was calculated by correlating scores of the SASDAS index with ASDAS ERS/CRP and BASDAI. Responsiveness was assessed after six months of treatment with sulfasalazine (SSZ) or TNF-blockers. Internal responsiveness was evaluated by using the effect size (ES) and standardized response mean (SRM). External responsiveness was investigated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Changing scores were compared by calculating paired <i>t</i>-test statistic. <h3>Results</h3> A strong correlations (p&lt;0.0001) were observed between both SASDAS and ASDAS-ESR (r=0.835) and ASDAS-CRP (r=0.805). Strong correlations (p&lt;0.0001) were also found between SASDAS and BASDAI score (r=-0.886). The cross-classification showed a significant overall agreement between SASDAS and ASDAS-ESR (chi-square =723.5; p&lt;0.0001) and between SASDAS and ASDAS-CRP (chi-square =650.9; p&lt;0.0001). The most efficient composite measure in detecting changes was the ASDAS-CRP (ES 1.95 and SRM 0.97). The responsiveness of SASDAS was slightly higher with comparison to ASDAS-ESR (ES of 1.62 and 1.33 and SRM of 0.88 and 0.71, respectively). Lack of responsivity was observed by using BASDAI (ES=0.93 and SRM =0.52). The area under ROC curve of the SASDAS showed similar results to those provided by ASDAS CRP/ESR. The score changes of all combinations were highly correlated (p&lt;0.0001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The new SASDAS is a highly effective measure in assessing disease activity and it showed comparable internal and external responsiveness with respect to the ASDAS ESR/CRP response criteria in patients with axial SpA. SASDAS is easy to calculate and appear suitable for clinical decision making, epidemiologic research and clinical trials. Further longitudinal studies are needed to validate these encouraging results. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5694
Follow-up of Improvement in Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Mental Status in Alzheimer's Disease: A Case Report
Authors: MUHAMMAD BABAR IMRAN, SHUICHI AWATA, RYUTA KAWASHIMA, KAZUNORI SATO, HIROSHI ITO, SHUICHI ONO, SEIRO YOSHIOKA, SHIGEOKI OTA, MITSUMOTO SATO, HIROSHI FUKUDA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Cerebral SPECT imaging has the potential to make important contributions in the follow-up care of patients with Alzheimer's disease. An unusual case of a patient who showed a follow-up cerebral blood flow pattern different from that routinely seen in Alzheimer's disease patients is reported here. Qualitative and voxel-based objective evaluation of follow-up scans revealed improvement in parietotemporal deficits that had been observed on a baseline study. This change was observed without significant further deterioration in ratings by dementia batteries. This case shows that a baseline regional cerebral blood flow study might be necessary for reference and comparison in the proper follow-up care of Alzheimer's disease patients.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 As an Emerging Therapeutic Target for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wing Yan So, Po Sing Leung
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2016)

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 is a distinctive member of the FGF family that functions as an endocrine factor. It is expressed predominantly in the liver, but is also found in adipose tissue and the pancreas. Pharmacological studies have shown that FGF21 normalizes glucose and lipid homeostasis, thereby preventing the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes. Despite growing evidence for the therapeutic potential of FGF21, paradoxical increases of FGF21 in different disease conditions point to the existence of FGF21 resistance. In this review, we give a critical appraisal of recent advances in the understanding of the regulation of FGF21 production under various physiological conditions, its antidiabetic actions, and the clinical implications. We also discuss recent preclinical and clinical trials using engineered FGF21 analogs in the management of diabetes, as well as the potential side effects of FGF21 therapy.
Flutamide-Induced Diarrhea Secondary to Lactose Intolerance
Authors: A. YAGODA
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Flutamide-Induced Diarrhea Secondary to Lactose Intolerance Get access ALAN YAGODA ALAN YAGODA Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, New York Hospital-Cornell University Medical College525 E. 68th St., Box 94, New York, NY 10021 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 23, 6 December 1989, Pages 1839–1840, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.23.1839 Published: 06 December 1989
P264 Nocturnal Heart Rate in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Authors: MFP Pengo, PD Drakatos, CK Kosky, AW Williams, NH Hart, GPR Rossi, JS Steier
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is the most common sleep disorder and a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In addition, heart rate is an important predictor of hypertension and a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We hypothesised that changes of nocturnal heart rate in OSA are associated with changes in blood pressure following commencement of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. <h3>Methods</h3> A total of 1848 nocturnal pulse oximetries (two consecutive nights) were screened to identify patients with OSA in a tertiary referral centre for sleep disorders. Demographics and pulse oximetry data were recorded at baseline. To assess nocturnal changes heart rate (HR) was compared between the first hour and the last hour of the night-time recording. In patients who were diagnosed with OSA, we further recorded daytime sleepiness, blood pressure, and body weight at three months and one year follow up. <h3>Results</h3> Out of all the screened pulse oximetries, a complete dataset of 58 patients with OSA (mean 4% ODI 28.9 (3.3) h-1, 36 males, age 49.4 (1.2) years, weight 109.7 (3.6) kg) and 57 without OSA (mean 4% ODI 2.0 (0.1) h-1, 34 males, age 46.4 (1.7) years, weight 95.0 (7.0) kg P was identified. Pulse rise index, mean HR, and HR of the first and last hour of recording were higher in the OSA group (p&lt;0.0001), whilst oxygen saturation was lower in the OSA group (p&lt;0.0001). Reduction in nocturnal HR vs mean SpO2 (r=–0.39, p&lt;0.01), mean nocturnal HR vs mean SpO2 (r=–0.4, p&lt;0.01) and average HR vs systolic blood pressure (r=–0.42, p&lt;0.05) correlated inversely (Figure). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Nocturnal HR is higher in OSA patients than in control subjects likely because of an enhanced sympathetic activation. Changes in nocturnal HR of OSA patients established on CPAP at one year follow up predict changes in systolic but not in diastolic blood pressure or body weight.
Management of Bleeding from the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Stanley O. Hoerr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THERE have been two striking changes in the last twenty years in the management of hemorrhage from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Twenty years ago many able clinicians discouraged the giving of blood transfusions while bleeding was active. Today everyone advocates the early and liberal use of blood in any serious hemorrhage. The second change has been the recognition that surgery may have a place in the treatment of active bleeding. Twenty years ago few surgeons were permitted by their medical colleagues even to view a bleeding patient, for fear they might wish to operate.What factors have led to this . . .
Abstract 2358: MUC13 mucin augments pancreatic tumorigenesis
Authors: Subhash C. Chauhan, Mara C. Ebeling, Diane M. Maher, Michael D. Koch, Matthew H. Friez, Akira Watanabe, Hiroyuki Aburatani, Yuhlong Lio, Krishan K. Pandey, Meena Jaggi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies with extremely poor prognosis. The high death rate of pancreatic cancer is attributed to a lack of reliable methods of early diagnosis and underlying molecular mechanisms associated with aggressive pathogenesis. MUC13, a newly identified transmembrane mucin, is known to be aberrantly expressed in ovarian, gastric and colon cancer. However, the expression and functions of MUC13 in pancreatic cancer are unknown. Herein, we have investigated the expression and functions of MUC13 mucin, in pancreatic cancer to determine its potential for early cancer diagnosis and its role in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis. The expression profile of MUC13 in pancreatic cancer was investigated using a recently generated monoclonal antibody (MAb, clone PPZ0020) and pancreatic tissue microarrays. The expression of MUC13 was significantly (p&amp;lt;0.005) higher in cancer samples compared to the normal/non-neoplastic pancreatic tissues. For the functional analyses, a full length MUC13 gene cloned in pcDNA3.1 was expressed in MUC13 null pancreatic cancer cell lines, MiaPaca and Panc1. The exogenous MUC13 expression induced morphological changes, including scattering of cells. These changes were abrogated through c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) chemical inhibitor (SP600125) or JNK2 siRNA. Additionally, a marked reduction in cell-cell adhesion and significant (p&amp;lt;0.05) increases in cell motility, invasion, proliferation, clonogenicity and tumorigenesis in a xenograft mouse model system were observed upon exogenous MUC13 expression. These cellular characteristics were correlated with the up-regulation of HER2, p21-activated kinase1 (PAK1), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and S100A4 (metastasin) and suppression of p53. Inhibition of MUC13 expression by MUC13 siRNA or shRNA resulted in suppression of tumorigenic characteristics in HPAFII pancreatic cancer cells. These results, for the first time, suggest that MUC13 expression augments pancreatic cancer progression and has potential as a diagnostic and/or therapeutic target. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2358.
COMPLIMENTARY ROLE OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (MR) AND RADIONUCLIDE (RN) STUDIES IN MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL EVALUATION OF RENAL DISEASE.
Authors: Madan V. Kulkarni, Max I. Shaff, William B. Waddill, Ronald R. Price, Martin P. Sandler, Leon C. Partain, Everette A. James
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Kulkarni, Madan V.; Shaff, Max I.; Waddill, William B.; Price, Ronald R.; Sandler, Martin P.; Partain, Leon C.; James, Everette A. Jr.
Case 39-1996
Authors: Lawrence D. Recht, David N. Louis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Presentation of CaseA 30-year-old right-handed man was admitted to the hospital because of a generalized tonic–clonic seizure and a left temporal-lobe mass.The patient had been well until three months earlier, when a pruritic eruption developed on his back. After one to two weeks, the pruritus disappeared, and the lesions gradually improved. Seven weeks before admission, the patient was thrown off his motorcycle, striking the left side of his head. He was unconscious until an ambulance arrived; no seizure was witnessed. He was seen at another hospital; no cranial radiographs were obtained. About 10 days later, he began to . . .
Abstract 3211: Proteomic analysis of nuclei dissected from FFPE tissue using expression microdissection.
Authors: Adele R. Blackler, Michael A. Tangrea, Tom Pohida, Nicole Morgan, Robert Bonner, Keshia Mora, John Kakareka, Sanford Markey, Michael R. Emmert-Buck
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Currently, proteomic analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue (the most common method of storing tissue specimens) are limited by the overwhelming complexity of the cellular proteome, which makes disease related changes in protein expression difficult to detect. Expression Microdissection (xMD) allows for automated, operator-independent dissection of specific cells or subcellular organelles in FFPE tissue, resulting in the enrichment of specific, selectable protein populations. In xMD, tissue slices that have been stained for specific cellular markers using immunohistochemical (HC) methods are placed under a layer of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) polymer film. When the stack is uniformly illuminated (using a rastering laser or a light pulse), the EVA melts and makes contact only over the stained tissue, enabling specific capture and transfer of these areas for further biochemical analysis, while leaving unstained tissue behind. As a proof of principle, we are using the xMD technique to enrich for nuclei in FFPE rat brain tissue sections followed by proteomic analysis. Shotgun proteomic analysis of these samples show a significant enrichment in nuclear localized proteins, with an average 18% of recovered proteins localized to the nucleus-versus 11% of recovered proteins in whole tissue scrapes. Targeted mass spectrometry, using Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM), also shows an enrichment of nuclear markers such as histones and DNA-binding proteins, and a de-enrichment of non-nuclear proteins. The enrichment for nuclei allows for the identification of methylated lysines on histones that are not detected in whole tissue scrapes, most likely due to their low abundance. The evolving methodology may allow researchers to profile the sub-cellular proteome of patient samples to identify potential new disease biomarkers and drug targets. This novel technology could also be used to advance our understanding of the biomolecular changes responsible for a specific disease state. Citation Format: Adele R. Blackler, Michael A. Tangrea, Tom Pohida, Nicole Morgan, Robert Bonner, Keshia Mora, John Kakareka, Sanford Markey, Michael R. Emmert-Buck. Proteomic analysis of nuclei dissected from FFPE tissue using expression microdissection. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3211. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3211
Retention of endoscopic capsule in an umbilical hernia
Authors: F. Ferreira, P. Bastos, H. Cardoso, A. Nunes, G. Macedo
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Capsule endoscopy is a common method for the investigation of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Despite the reduced risk of complications, capsule retention is the most frequent complication, occurring in 1 % – 3 % of cases [1].
Revisiting the Commercial–Academic Interface
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

In the mid-1940s, Selman Waksman, a soil microbiologist, and his team discovered streptomycin, an antibiotic with action against the tubercle bacillus.1 Although he was able to show efficacy in the laboratory, Waksman realized that if his discovery was to be of value to the world, he needed a partner capable of manufacturing adequate amounts of the material under conditions that would make it suitable for use in humans. He therefore struck a deal with Merck to produce streptomycin for clinical use.1 Soon thereafter, the British Medical Association undertook a large randomized, controlled trial of streptomycin for the treatment of tuberculosis. . . .
Abstract 1938: Raf/MEK/ERK-mediated differential regulation of androgen receptor levels in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Seung-Keun Hong
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, controls the growth regulatory and differentiation pathways in prostate epithelial cells, and its altered signaling is a pivotal event in the carcinogenesis of prostate epithelium. Previous studies show that basal Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity is required for androgen-induced AR expression or for maintaining its levels in cells. However, loss of AR expression is correlated with upregulated Raf/MEK/ERK activity in certain contexts of PCa biology, including androgen withdrawal-induced PCa differentiation. Indeed, we found a strong correlation between AR downregulation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in LNCaP cells cultured under a hormone-depleted condition and in the neuroendocrine derivates of LNCaP that were generated by prolonged culture under such condition. In this in vitro model, we investigated the role of Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in regulating AR expression. Sustained activation of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, mediated by an inducible Raf, was sufficient to induce AR downregulation at mRNA and protein levels in LNCaP. Interestingly, when the intensity of Raf induction was serially decreased to levels under a certain threshold, activation of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway no longer downregulated but rather upregulated AR levels in cells. Our study therefore suggests that the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway can regulate AR levels in PCa cells in opposing contexts depending upon its different signaling intensity. We also found that sustained Raf/MEK/ERK activation can induce downregulation of full length AR as well as hormone binding domain-deficient AR isoforms in CWR22Rv1 cells, which are known to more potently stimulate PCa cell growth. Further investigation of the mechanisms underlying Raf/MEK/ERK-mediated AR downregulation may lead to a novel means to control AR levels in PCa cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1938. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1938