tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Principal component analysis uncovers cytomegalovirus-associated NK cell activation in Ph+ leukemia patients treated with dasatinib
Authors: K-i Ishiyama, T Kitawaki, N Sugimoto, T Sozu, N Anzai, M Okada, M Nohgawa, K Hatanaka, N Arima, T Ishikawa, S Tabata, T Onaka, S Oka, Y Nakabo, R Amakawa, M Matsui, T Moriguchi, A Takaori-Kondo, N Kadowaki
Journal: Leukemia (2016)
An overview of sport psychiatry
Authors: D Begel
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

Although the application of psychiatric methods and principles to sports is relatively unsystematic at this time, athletic behavior presents several issues of interest to psychiatry. The aim of this paper is to provide a framework for understanding the developmental, occupational, pathologic, therapeutic, and research aspects of sport psychiatry.Studies in psychiatry, psychology, and psychoanalysis provide the basis for this overview, and nonscientific works are cited where they illuminate various issues. Illustrative case examples are also reported.It is proposed, but not proven, that athletes undergo phase-specific development and that they may suffer impairments in adapting to the athletic context. This context may also modify treatment modalities.There is a need for more clinical studies of athletes, especially in the realms of childhood traumas, competitive issues, and mental illnesses. Because of the close relationship of mental and physical phenomena in sports and because athletic behaviors are often precisely measurable, athletics may constitute a fruitful area for psychiatric research.
Choosing Wisely in the UK: reducing the harms of too much medicine
Authors: A Malhotra, D Maughan, J Ansell, R Lehman, A Henderson, M Gray, T Stephenson, S Bailey
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

The idea that some medical procedures are unnecessary and can do more harm than good is as old as medicine itself. In Mesopotamia 38 centuries ago, Hammurabi pro-claimed a law threatening overzealous surgeons with the loss of a hand or an eye. In 1915, at the height of a surgical vogue for prophylactic appendicectomy, Ernest Codman offended his Boston colleagues with a cartoon (figure) mocking their indifference to outcomes and asking, “I wonder if clinical truth is incompatible with medical science? Could my clinical professors make a living without humbug?”

Diagnosis drives treatment, and in recent years the term overdiagnosis has been used to describe various situations where diagnoses lead to unnecessary treatment, wasting resources while increasing patient anxiety. Overdiagnosis can be said to occur when “individuals are diagnosed with conditions that will never cause symptoms or death” often as a “consequence of the enthusiasm of early diagnosis.” Overtreatment includes treatment of these overdiagnosed conditions. It also encompasses treatment that has minimal evidence of benefit or is excessive (in complexity, duration, or cost) relative to alternative accepted standards. A recent report by the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges argued that doctors have an ethical responsibility to reduce this wasted use of clinical resource because, in a healthcare system with finite resources, one doctor's waste is another patient's delay.A culture of “more is better,” where the onus is on doctors to “do something” at each consultation has bred unbalanced decision making.

Even before the inception of the NHS, the British tradition has generally been one of late adoption and cautious use of new medicines, procedures, and technologies. Nevertheless, the UK shows similar patterns of variation in use of medical and surgical interventions to those in the US, though less extreme in absolute terms. The National Institute for Health and Care …
The need for psychiatric-dental liaison in the treatment of bulimia
Authors: M S Simmons, S K Grayden, J E Mitchell
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

During dental examinations 38% of 66 outpatients with bulimia were found to have evidence of significant enamel erosion, and chronicity of vomiting was significantly associated with erosion. Liaison with colleagues in dentistry is necessary when working with bulimic patients.
Facebook and Twitter join US effort to attract a million new organ donor registrations
Authors: Michael McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The White House has launched a series of public-private initiatives to help increase organ donation and fund research into transplantation.

The initiatives aim to boost the number of people who register to become organ donors, increase the number of transplants and improve their outcomes, and fund research into new technology, including biofabrication techniques that may one day make it possible to manufacture replacement tissues and organs. The effort was announced at a White House organ summit held on …
Genetic Disruption of the Multifunctional CD98/LAT1 Complex Demonstrates the Key Role of Essential Amino Acid Transport in the Control of mTORC1 and Tumor Growth
Authors: Yann Cormerais, Sandy Giuliano, Renaud LeFloch, Benoît Front, Jerome Durivault, Eric Tambutté, Pierre-André Massard, Laura Rodriguez de la Ballina, Hitoshi Endou, Michael F. Wempe, Manuel Palacin, Scott K. Parks, Jacques Pouyssegur
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

The CD98/LAT1 complex is overexpressed in aggressive human cancers and is thereby described as a potential therapeutic target. This complex promotes tumorigenesis with CD98 (4F2hc) engaging β-integrin signaling while LAT1 (SLC7A5) imports essential amino acids (EAA) and promotes mTORC1 activity. However, it is unclear as to which member of the heterodimer carries the most prevalent protumoral action. To answer this question, we explored the tumoral potential of each member by gene disruption of CD98, LAT1, or both and by inhibition of LAT1 with the selective inhibitor (JPH203) in six human cancer cell lines from colon, lung, and kidney. Each knockout respectively ablated 90% (CD98 KO: ) and 100% (LAT1 KO: ) of Na(+)-independent leucine transport activity. LAT1 KO: or JPH203-treated cells presented an amino acid stress response with ATF4, GCN2 activation, mTORC1 inhibition, and severe in vitro and in vivo tumor growth arrest. We show that this severe growth phenotype is independent of the level of expression of CD98 in the six tumor cell lines. Surprisingly, CD98 KO: cells with only 10% EAA transport activity displayed a normal growth phenotype, with mTORC1 activity and tumor growth rate undistinguishable from wild-type cells. However, CD98 KO: cells became extremely sensitive to inhibition or genetic disruption of LAT1 (CD98 KO: /LAT1 KO: ). This finding demonstrates that the tumoral potential of CD98 KO: cells is due to residual LAT1 transport activity. Therefore, these findings clearly establish that LAT1 transport activity is the key growth-limiting step of the heterodimer and advocate the pharmacology development of LAT1 transporter inhibitors as a very promising anticancer target. Cancer Res; 76(15); 4481-92. ©2016 AACR.
MB-32MEDULLOBLASTOMA GENOTYPE DICTATES BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER PHENOTYPE
Authors: Timothy Phoenix, Deanna Patmore, Scott Boop, Nidal Boulos, Megan Jacus, Yogesh Patel, Martine Roussel, David Finkelstein, Liliana Goumnerova, Sebastien Perreault, Elizabeth Wadhwa, Yoon-Jae Cho, Clinton Stewart, Richard Gilbertson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

This work was supported by grants from the NIH (R.J.G., P01CA96832 and P30CA021765), the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities and Cancer Research UK.
Should I stay or should I go now?
Authors: Tony Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The United Kingdom is facing its most important decision so far this century. To help UK readers of The BMJ decide how to vote in the referendum on leaving the European Union (“Brexit”) on Thursday 23 June, we have been publishing a series of articles looking at the effects of Brexit on public health, the drug industry, finance, trade, employment law and doctors’ working conditions, science and research, and the NHS. They’re collected on our website at bmj.com/brexit. …
RA-12ASSESSMENT OF CHANGES IN STRUCTURAL CONNECTIVITY OF THE CENTRAL EXECUTIVE NETWORK DURING CRANIAL RADIOTHERAPY IN CHILDREN TREATED FOR MEDULLOBLASTOMA
Authors: Wilburn Reddick, John Glass, Elizabeth Duncan, Jason Ashford, Jung Won Hyun, Qing Ji, Yimei Li, Heather Conklin, Amar Gajjar
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Case 67-1962
Authors: Walter Bauer, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

Presentation of CaseA sixty-nine-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of hematemesis.Ten days previously the temperature suddenly rose to 105°F., accompanied by the onset of anorexia. Two days later the patient vomited blood and became progressively unresponsive. Icterus was observed five days before entry. On the evening before admission the hematemesis recurred, and he gradually lost consciousness. Rapidly increasing edema of the lower extremities began on the day of admission.There was no previous history of hematemesis, tarry stools, ulcer, liver disease or jaundice. The patient had always abstained from alcohol. Hypertension had been present for many . . .
Experimentally Induced Alterations in the Affinity of Hemoglobin for Oxygen. I. In Vitro Restoration of Erythrocyte 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate and Its Relationship to Erythrocyte Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Activity in a Variety of Species
Authors: Frank A. Oski, Harvey J. Sugerman, Leonard D. Miller
Journal: Blood (1972)
University blues
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Oxford and Cambridge Universities top the medical graduate polls again! I never thought to apply to Oxbridge, Scottish qualifications then being as welcome as a Zimbabwean billion dollar note. Many English northerners and Scots resent the dominance of Oxbridge. Perhaps it’s the punting on the Cherwell, bicycle clips, cricket jumpers, gowns, the speech impediments, eastern European aristocrats, and Oxfam dresses and top hats (worn together). Perhaps it’s University Challenge, in which a massive northern university vanquishes a tiny Oxbridge college only to meet yet another Oxbridge college with an even more ridiculous name in the next round. Or perhaps it’s the stories of investment banks queuing at graduation ceremonies offering six figure salaries, while many graduates from other universities queue for a job on Lidl’s checkout.

Studying anything, it seems, at Oxbridge is more difficult, more prestigious, and more important than studying medicine in the red brick northern universities. Even the doctors get an extra few letters after their names just for turning up. So at A level time the frantic Oxbridge chatter can be heard in Scotland. The British establishment (the medical establishment included) is still built on Oxbridge graduates—so Oxbridge matters. And despite the socialist clamour still some 50% of the intake at the two universities comes from the private school sector.

But privilege is a two edged sword. There is a growing, active, and unpleasant inverse discrimination, and even in medicine sneering at “toffs” is seen as acceptable. Some of the privileged have even taken to changing their accents and concealing their schooling. The BBC was once an Oxbridge bastion, BBC English now has a Bolton twang. But misery is no respecter of university, nor is contentment measured by social position. Ingrained prejudices are found on both sides of the social divide, and it is regrettable that many us continue to live in our own isolated social comfort zones, shackled by conformity and social complacency.

Oxford and Cambridge are educational beacons, with beautiful buildings and an illustrious history, and are home to some of the most interesting (if bizarre) people in the world. If Oxbridge selectors are as clever as they believe, then they will realise they need the wild genes from the comprehensive sector or risk sterility. Likewise it is time for more comprehensive students to put aside their prejudices and apply. This government’s addiction to formal social engineering should be resisted. Finally, and most importantly, Oxford and Cambridge should each be limited to only one University Challenge team—fair’s fair.
Carvedilol delays the progression of small oesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis: a randomised placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Ankit Bhardwaj, Chandan Kumar Kedarisetty, Chitranshu Vashishtha, Ajeet Singh Bhadoria, Ankur Jindal, Guresh Kumar, Ashok Choudhary, S M Shasthry, Rakhi Maiwall, Manoj Kumar, Vikram Bhatia, Shiv Kumar Sarin
Journal: Gut (2016)

Carvedilol is effective in the primary prophylaxis for large oesophageal varices. We investigated its use in preventing progression of small to large oesophageal varices.Consecutive cirrhotics with small oesophageal varices were prospectively randomised to either carvedilol (n=70) or placebo (n=70) and followed up for a minimum of 24 months. Endoscopy was done at baseline and six monthly intervals. Hepatic vein pressure gradient (HVPG) was measured at baseline and at 12 months. The primary endpoint was development of large varices.Baseline characteristics in two groups were comparable. The predominant aetiology of cirrhosis was non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in both the groups. The mean dose of carvedilol administered was 12±1.67 mg/day and the target heart rate achieved was 58±3 bpm. A higher proportion of patients in carvedilol group had non-progression to large varices than placebo (79.4% vs 61.4%; p=0.04); the mean time of non-progression to large varices was 20.8 months (95% CI 19.4 to 22.4) in carvedilol group and 18.7 months (95% CI 17.1 to 20.4) in placebo group (p=0.04). There was a modest reduction of HVPG at 1 year in carvedilol group (-8.64%) compared with placebo (+0.33%) (p=0.22). None of the patients in either group died of variceal bleeding or liver-related causes. No major adverse events were observed in either group.Carvedilol is safe and effective in delaying the progression of small to large oesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis.NCT01196507; post-results.
2010-2011 influenza seasonal vaccine, preliminary mid-season effectiveness estimates: reason for concern, confounding or are we following the right track?
Authors: J Puig-Barberà
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

Preview this article: 2010-2011 influenza seasonal vaccine, preliminary mid-season effectiveness estimates: reason for concern, confounding or are we following the right track?, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/16/11/art19821-en-1.gif
Website of the week: Regulation of integrated health care
Authors: Rhona MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A simple web search on any health related topic finds an unmanageable number of sites of varying reliability. Integrated medicine is no exception. Quackwatch is a non-profit making organisation whose purpose is to “combat health related frauds, myths, fads and fallacies.” The term “quackery” derives from the word “quacksalver”—someone who boasts about his salves—and modern dictionaries define “quack” as a pretender to medical skill. These definitions suggest that the promotion of quackery involves deliberate deception, but according to Quackwatch (www.quackwatch.com), many promoters sincerely believe in what they are doing. Therefore, Quackwatch defines quackery as “anything involving overpromotion in the field of health.” This includes questionable ideas, products, and services. Quackwatch has a name and shame policy and many categories, including “questionable books,” “questionable treatments,” and “questionable people.” They are always on the lookout for experts who can donate a few hours of their time, and an application form can be downloaded from the home page.

An “unreactive, careful and balanced analysis” is the method adopted by the independent charity HealthWatch, which has BBC presenter Nick Ross as president. It does not have the manpower to review websites regularly, but its own site (www.healthwatch-uk.org) has some useful information, including an archive of its newsletters.

An information pack called Primary Care Guide to Complementary Medicine, and a summary booklet for clinicians, look at the six main complementary therapies and detail the relevant qualifications and the bodies responsible for registration. They have been produced jointly by the Department of Health, the NHS Alliance, the National Association of Primary Care, and the Foundation for Integrated Medicine. Both can be downloaded in PDF format from all of the websites (www.doh.gov.uk, www.nhsalliance.org, www.primarycare.co.uk, and www.fimed.org). The final site also gives details on how to order the book Integrated Health Care: a Guide to Good Practice, which is well worth a read and is available from the BMJ Bookshop.
Effect of Colchicine and Related Substances on the Morphology of Peritoneal Mast Cells
Authors: Jacques Padawer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1960)

Mast cells of the rat peritoneal fluid alter their morphology specifically and characteristically in response to subcutaneous injection of colchicine and some colchicine derivatives; certain other derivatives, metabolic poisons, mast-cell metabolites, and alkaloids do not elicit this response. Similar morphological changes are observed in other types of nondividing cells. Not only are mitotic figures not demonstrable in mast cells after the injection of a variety of antimitotic substances, but the effects observed involve nondividing cells, which demonstrate potent, yet unstressed, paramitotic effects of colchicine at the cellular level. The mast-cell response reflects the effectiveness of the same active colchicines in a number of cytostatic and carcinostatic systems. The relation of the mast-cell response to colchicine is discussed in reference to sol-gel phenomena and contrasted with changes seen in hypophysectomized or in old rats.
Relative Status of Parity and Genetic Background in Producing Human Breast Cancer&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Madge T. Macklin, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1959)

There is no significant difference in the frequency of breast cancer in childless women who are either single or married. Nulliparous ever-married women have no less breast cancer than nulliparous single women. The highest frequency of breast cancer was found in nulliparous women, with decreasing frequency of the disease as the number of pregnancies increased. The genetic or familial factors presumably present in some of the close relatives of women with breast cancer appear to be as potent as the parity status in determining the presence of breast cancer. The effects of the two sets of factors appear to be additive, so that nulliparous women closely related to a woman with breast cancer have more breast cancer than nulliparous women found in the general population. The underlying factors connected with parity may be the primary exogenous factors, but being inevitably associated with physiological changes found in parous women they have not been identified. Socioeconomic factors are so intimately correlated with size of family, and whether a woman is single or married, that the association between socioeconomic rating and breast cancer may merely reflect the association between parity status and breast cancer.
GC-22VASCULAR MALFORMATION AS A LATE SEQUELAE IS QUITE FREQUENT AMONG LONG-TERM SURVIVORS AFTER RADIATION TREATMENT FOR INTRACRANIAL GERM CELL TUMOR
Authors: Takamitsu Fujimaki, Akira Matsuno, Tomonari Suzuki, Ryo Nishikawa, Masao Matsutani
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Use of Gastrostomy in Surgery
Authors: E LETWIN, G L WILLOX, W C MACKENZIE
Journal: JAMA (1963)

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p22 <sup>phox</sup> C242T Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Inhibits Inflammatory Oxidative Damage to Endothelial Cells and Vessels
Authors: Daniel N. Meijles, Lampson M. Fan, Maziah M. Ghazaly, Brendan Howlin, Martin Krönke, Gavin Brooks, Jian-Mei Li
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background— The NADPH oxidase, by generating reactive oxygen species, is involved in the pathophysiology of many cardiovascular diseases and represents a therapeutic target for the development of novel drugs. A single-nucleotide polymorphism, C242T of the p22 phox subunit of NADPH oxidase, has been reported to be negatively associated with coronary heart disease and may predict disease prevalence. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Methods and Results— With the use of computer molecular modeling, we discovered that C242T single-nucleotide polymorphism causes significant structural changes in the extracellular loop of p22 phox and reduces its interaction stability with Nox2 subunit. Gene transfection of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells showed that C242T p22 phox significantly reduced Nox2 expression but had no significant effect on basal endothelial O 2 .– production or the expression of Nox1 and Nox4. When cells were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α (or high glucose), C242T p22 phox significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α–induced Nox2 maturation, O 2 .– production, mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor κB activation, and inflammation (all P &lt;0.05). These C242T effects were further confirmed using p22 phox short-hairpin RNA–engineered HeLa cells and Nox2 –/– coronary microvascular endothelial cells. Clinical significance was investigated by using saphenous vein segments from non–coronary heart disease subjects after phlebotomies. TT (C242T) allele was common (prevalence of ≈22%) and, in comparison with CC, veins bearing TT allele had significantly lower levels of Nox2 expression and O 2 .– generation in response to high-glucose challenge. Conclusions— C242T single-nucleotide polymorphism causes p22 phox structural changes that inhibit endothelial Nox2 activation and oxidative response to tumor necrosis factor-α or high-glucose stimulation. C242T single-nucleotide polymorphism may represent a natural protective mechanism against inflammatory cardiovascular diseases.