tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
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Authors: Brian S. Zuckerbraun, Changchun Cai, Timothy R. Billiar
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. We thank Drs. Jaeschke and Du for their comments and insight regarding our recent manuscript highlighting a protective role for benzyl alcohol (BA) in a murine model of acetaminophen‐induced liver injury. We appreciate their attention to our findings and agree that the time course of protection of BA in this preclinical model suggests a limited utility of BA as a potential late therapeutic subsequent to acetaminophen overdose. However, our interest in acute sterile liver injury, including acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity, continues to stimulate our investigations into the understanding of innate immune signaling in liver injury, as well as the role of BA and other therapeutics to influence these immune responses. Moreover, we agree that the protective effects of BA in this preclinical model may be greatly influenced by inhibition of P450 enzymatic activity. However, the findings that the hepatoprotective influence of BA in this model was lost in mice deficient in Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), and, more specifically, in mice deficient in TLR4 expression on myeloid cells, suggests a role for modulation of innate immune signaling as a contributive mechanism. With regard to the role of inflammasome signaling and acetaminophen‐induced liver injury, our findings of decreased liver injury in mice lacking Nalp3 or caspase‐1 expression were consistent with those of other investigators, as pointed out in Drs. Jaeschke and Du's letter. We agree that the levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β were modest and may not contribute substantially to liver injury in acetaminophen toxicity. Additionally, hepatocytes express and activate the inflammasome, but do not produce IL‐1β or IL‐18 at high levels, thus the complexity of inflammasome signaling may not be solely dependent upon these cytokines. Therefore, further investigation of the role of the inflammasome and other pattern recognition receptors should be further investigated for their role in contributing to the pathophysiology in sterile liver injury, as well as the potential to target these receptors for therapeutic benefit. Again, we appreciate their comments and the opportunity to respond.
Hormonal Influences on the Growth of a Transplantable Mammary Adenocarcinoma in C3H Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Barbara B. Jacobs, Robert A. Huseby
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1959)

Propylthiouracil administration produced a marked body weight loss in C3H mice and a significant depression of the growth rate of the DRV mammary adenocarcinoma in these hosts. An equal degree of inanition attained by dietary restriction produced comparable tumor growth suppression. Mice made hypothyroid by thyroid-lethal doses of radioactive iodine did not lose weight and the tumor growth rate was unaffected in such hosts. The DRV mammary tumor grew equally well in intact males and intact females and more rapidly in castrate than in intact mice of either sex. The administration of a nontoxic dose of diethylstilbestrol to castrated female mice decreased the rate of growth of the tumor, while the administration of prolactin to ovariectomized diethylstilbestrol-treated females enhanced tumor growth. However, lactation per se did not influence the growth rate of the tumor. Although the DRV tumor appears to be responsive to one or more pituitary hormones, it does not appear to be hormone dependent since it grew progressively in hypophysectomized hosts.
The Chromosomes and Transplantability of Tumors. III. The Transplant-ability of Mouse Tumors with Different Degrees of Strain Specificity into Previously Immunized Mice
Authors: Leo Sachs, Ruth Gallily
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1956)

The Chromosomes and Transplantability of Tumors. III. The Transplant-ability of Mouse Tumors with Different Degrees of Strain Specificity into Previously Immunized Mice Get access Leo Sachs, Leo Sachs Department of Experimental Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ruth Gallily Ruth Gallily Department of Experimental Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 16, Issue 5, April 1956, Pages 1083–1097, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/16.5.1083 Published: 01 April 1956 Article history Received: 20 October 1955 Published: 01 April 1956
Segregated cholinergic transmission modulates dopamine neurons integrated in distinct functional circuits
Authors: Daniel Dautan, Albert S Souza, Icnelia Huerta-Ocampo, Miguel Valencia, Maxime Assous, Ilana B Witten, Karl Deisseroth, James M Tepper, J Paul Bolam, Todor V Gerdjikov, Juan Mena-Segovia
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2016)
Cystinosis
Authors: William A. Gahl, Jess G. Thoene, Jerry A. Schneider
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Cystinosis, a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease, is due to impaired transport of cystine from lysosomes. The disease results in deposition of crystals throughout the body; if untreated, it leads to failure to thrive, profound metabolic imbalance, early end-stage renal disease, thyroid failure, and multiorgan dysfunction. As this review describes, substantial progress has been made in our understanding and treatment of this disorder. The administration of cysteamine, each molecule of which can combine with a half-molecule of cystine (cysteine) to facilitate the exit of cystine from the lysosome, has greatly improved the course of the disease. In addition, the gene for cystinosis, CTNS, which encodes a protein called cystinosin, was isolated in 1998, opening new avenues for understanding this condition.
The relationship of paranoid states to schizophrenia
Authors: J A Watt
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

The author interviewed relatives of 32 paranoid patients, 32 matched depressed patients, and 15 schizophrenic patients regarding family history. Two (1.3%) of the relatives of paranoid patients and one (0.6%) of the relatives of depressed patients had possible paranoid states. Significantly more relatives of schizophrenic patients than relatives of paranoid or depressed patients had schizophrenia, but the rates were similar among relatives of paranoid and depressed patients. The author concludes that there is little evidence of familial occurrence of paranoid states and no evidence that paranoid states are familially related to schizophrenia.
StemRegenin-1 (SR1) Expansion Culture Abrogates the Engraftment Barrier Associated with Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation (UCBT)
Authors: John E Wagner, Claudio Brunstein, David McKenna, Darin Sumstad, Suzanne Maahs, Mary Laughlin, Michael S. Perry, Anthony E. Boitano, Michael P. Cooke, Conrad C. Bleul
Journal: Blood (2014)
Children under 5 dying from preventable diseases, says UN
Authors: Anne Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Almost 70 million children will die before they reach their fifth birthday if progress to reach the sustainable development goals by 2030 continues at today’s pace, the charity Unicef has warned.

In its annual report on the health, education, and life chances of children around the world, Unicef said that, by 2030, 69 million children under 5 will have died from preventable causes, 167 million children will live in poverty, and 750 million women will have married while still children.1

Unicef urged governments, donors, businesses, and international organisations to speed up efforts to address these problems.

The goals aim for a reduction in neonatal mortality to 12 deaths or fewer per 1000 live births, and for under 5 mortality to be …
EULAR/ERA-EDTA recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis
Authors: M Yates, R A Watts, I M Bajema, M C Cid, B Crestani, T Hauser, B Hellmich, J U Holle, M Laudien, M A Little, R A Luqmani, A Mahr, P A Merkel, J Mills, J Mooney, M Segelmark, V Tesar, K Westman, A Vaglio, N Yalçındağ, D R Jayne, C Mukhtyar
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

In this article, the 2009 European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the management of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) have been updated. The 2009 recommendations were on the management of primary small and medium vessel vasculitis. The 2015 update has been developed by an international task force representing EULAR, the European Renal Association and the European Vasculitis Society (EUVAS). The recommendations are based upon evidence from systematic literature reviews, as well as expert opinion where appropriate. The evidence presented was discussed and summarised by the experts in the course of a consensus-finding and voting process. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendations were derived and levels of agreement (strengths of recommendations) determined. In addition to the voting by the task force members, the relevance of the recommendations was assessed by an online voting survey among members of EUVAS. Fifteen recommendations were developed, covering general aspects, such as attaining remission and the need for shared decision making between clinicians and patients. More specific items relate to starting immunosuppressive therapy in combination with glucocorticoids to induce remission, followed by a period of remission maintenance; for remission induction in life-threatening or organ-threatening AAV, cyclophosphamide and rituximab are considered to have similar efficacy; plasma exchange which is recommended, where licensed, in the setting of rapidly progressive renal failure or severe diffuse pulmonary haemorrhage. These recommendations are intended for use by healthcare professionals, doctors in specialist training, medical students, pharmaceutical industries and drug regulatory organisations.
Impact of 24/7 In-Hospital Intensivist Coverage on Outcomes in Pediatric Intensive Care. A Multicenter Study
Authors: Punkaj Gupta, Mallikarjuna Rettiganti, Tom B. Rice, Randall C. Wetzel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)

The around-the-clock presence of an in-house attending critical care physician (24/7 coverage) is purported to be associated with improved outcomes among high-risk children with critical illness.To evaluate the association of 24/7 in-house coverage with outcomes in children with critical illness.Patients younger than 18 years of age in the Virtual Pediatric Systems Database (2009-2014) were included. The main analysis was performed using generalized linear mixed effects multivariable regression models. In addition, multiple sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of our findings.A total of 455,607 patients from 125 hospitals were included (24/7 group: 266,319 patients; no 24/7 group: 189,288 patients). After adjusting for patient and center characteristics, the 24/7 group was associated with lower mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU) (24/7 vs. no 24/7; odds ratio [OR], 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33-0.80; P = 0.002), a lower incidence of cardiac arrest (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.54-0.99; P = 0.04), lower mortality after cardiac arrest (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.340-0.93; P = 0.02), a shorter ICU stay (mean difference, -0.51 d; 95% CI, -0.93 to -0.09), and shorter duration of mechanical ventilation (mean difference, -0.68 d; 95% CI, -1.23 to -0.14).In this large observational study, we demonstrated that pediatric critical care provided in the ICUs staffed with a 24/7 intensivist presence is associated with improved overall patient survival and survival after cardiac arrest compared with patients treated in ICUs staffed with discretionary attending coverage. However, results from a few sensitivity analyses leave some ambiguity in these results.
Association of activated BCR and PI3K pathways with responses and longer PFS to single-agent copanlisib in heavily pretreated patients with indolent and aggressive NHL.
Authors: LI Liu, Karl Koechert, Jie Cheng, Jose E. Garcia-Vargas, Barrett H. Childs, Martin H. Dreyling, Carol Elaine Pena
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e19063 Background: Copanlisib, a novel pan-class I PI3K inhibitor with predominant activity against α and δ isoforms, has shown promising single agent anti-tumor activity in a phase 2 study in heavily pretreated patients with indolent and aggressive NHL. Tumor gene expression profiling was used as a discovery tool to identify genes or pathways associated with copanlisib treatment outcomes and provide potential predictive markers and rationale for novel combinations. Methods: Single gene multivariate approach and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using RNA expression array data from archival tumors were performed to identify signatures associated with copanlisib efficacy. A weighted gene expression score (WGS) for each pathway was generated from logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models to assess association with response and PFS, respectively. Results: 24 patients who had CR (3), PR (5), SD (11), or PD (5) with FL (n = 10), MZL (n = 2), MCL (n = 2), DLBCL (n = 5), transformed indolent (n = 2) or CLL (n = 3) were available for analysis. The highest ranked GSEA gene sets were those reflecting upregulated BCR signaling and a PI3K signature, including α and δ isoforms. Response rates were increased in patients with high BCR and PI3K WGS compared to low (nominal p = 0.06 and 0.07; AUC = 0.81 and 0.75, respectively). PFS was longer in copanlisib-treated patients with high (above the median) BCR (377 vs 62 days, HR = 0.04, nominal p < 0.0001) and PI3K (288 vs 104 days, HR = 0.24, nominal p = 0.02) WGS compared to low. However upregulation of NFҡB, IL6/JAK/STAT3, stromal and inflammatory gene sets, NOP10, MT2A, and CSTB genes were potentially associated with lower likelihood of response to copanlisib. Conclusions: Durable response to single-agent copanlisib is associated with tumors with activated PI3K/BCR pathways. The higher response rate in FL vs. DLBCL is consistent with a predominant BCR/PI3K expression profile in FL, with low NFҡB activation. These results suggest that FL, even in advanced stage and prior extensive treatment, can respond to copanlisib. Efficacy in DLBCL may require combination therapy, adding agents that target NFҡB pathway to copanlisib. Clinical trial information: NCT01660451.
Access is now available in Romania
Authors: T Mihaescu
Journal: BMJ (1996)

pc/dos/pgp262i.zip.Use of this software has been advocated by Ross Anderson, who has drawn up for the BMA interim guidelines on maintaining security in computerised information systems.)The Intemnet presents many challenges to the provision of health care,4 but our responses as doctors must be based on critical examination of the facts rather than knee jerk responses to media myths and gross generalisations.
Soundings: Cat, fox, dog
Authors: Colin Douglas
Journal: BMJ (2004)

At the bottom of our garden is a high and sturdy old wall shaded by trees. Along with our neighbours' garden walls, similarly old, it provides a useful off-road network for local wildlife: squirrels, cats, and foxes. My study overlooks it and sometimes, when computer screen or blank paper fails to fascinate, it provides passing interest as animals come and go.

The squirrels need not concern us. They are wary and fast and do not linger under threat. A cat, a large ginger tom, does his rounds at dawn and dusk: menacing and imperturbable, checking the boundaries of his territory for lesser cats. Foxes I see less often. Mainly nocturnal, they are relative newcomers to the life of the suburb, but hungrier and more assertive since our local authority substituted wheelie bins for the black rubbish bags from which they once made a messy living.

One morning last spring—daffodils doing well, weeds doing better, grass almost needing cutting—the wall offered a small, strange drama. The cat was making his rounds, proceeding from left to right on routine patrol, when he paused, not menacing but cautious, staring along the wall at whatever was coming from the right. A big fox—relaxed and confident—emerged and strolled towards him, first briefly hesitating then advancing confidently, as one who expects to have right of way.

For a tiny moment there was uncertainty, then the normally imperturbable ginger tom turned and ran. The fox continued on his way. Watching, I wished him well, and assumed that to be the end of the matter.

Suddenly a silent drama became very noisy. Our neighbours over the wall have a couple of dogs, an alsatian and a labrador, not normally out in the early morning, but happening to be so that day. Seeing, and presumably scenting, the fox, they leapt at the wall and at him, barking ferociously. He paused, then retreated even faster than the cat.

But what, you might ask, has any of this got to do with medicine? Let me try to explain. Mammals, it appears, are programmed to manage confrontation largely without bloodshed. And if you don't believe me, just watch carefully in the hospital of your choice: corridor behaviour; committee behaviour; and, perhaps most conspicuously, surgical ward round behaviour. But—assuming you're not top dog—you should perhaps mind how you go.
Action of Bacterial Toxins on Tumors. VIII. Factors in Their Use for Cancer Therapy&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: P A ZAHL
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1950)
MASSIVE PULMONARY EMBOLISM
Authors: H N WAGNER, R H JONES
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medical education in the United States
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Concurrent Outbreaks of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus and West Nile Virus Disease ― Arizona, 2015
Authors: Heather Venkat, Elisabeth Krow-Lucal, Morgan Hennessey, Jefferson Jones, Laura Adams, Marc Fischer, Tammy Sylvester, Craig Levy, Kirk Smith, Lydia Plante, Kenneth Komatsu, J Erin Staples, Susan Hills
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015)

St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are closely related mosquito-borne flaviviruses that can cause outbreaks of acute febrile illness and neurologic disease. Both viruses are endemic throughout much of the United States and have the same Culex species mosquito vectors and avian hosts (1); however, since WNV was first identified in the United States in 1999, SLEV disease incidence has been substantially lower than WNV disease incidence, and no outbreaks involving the two viruses circulating in the same location at the same time have been identified. Currently, there is a commercially available laboratory test for diagnosis of acute WNV infection, but there is no commercially available SLEV test, and all SLEV testing must be performed at public health laboratories. In addition, because antibodies against SLEV and WNV can cross-react on standard diagnostic tests, confirmatory neutralizing antibody testing at public health laboratories is usually required to determine the flavivirus species (2). This report describes the first known concurrent outbreaks of SLEV and WNV disease in the United States.
Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided transhepatic antegrade self-expandable metal stent placement in a patient with surgically altered anatomy
Authors: Félix Téllez-Ávila, Gilberto Duarte-Medrano, Víctor Gallardo-Cabrera, Luis Casasola-Sánchez, Francisco Valdovinos-Andraca
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

An 83-year-old man who had a history of distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy and a subsequent Whipple procedure (both surgical procedures for metastatic renal cancer) presented to the emergency room with cholangitis (fever and jaundice), leukocytosis (33 900/mm3), a total bilirubin level of 4.55 mg/dL (direct 3.7 mg/dL), and elevated alkaline phosphatase (780 U/L). Abdominal computed tomography showed dilatation of the intrahepatic biliary tree and stenosis of the hepaticojejunostomy ([Fig. 1]).
High stability of faecal microbiome composition in guanidine thiocyanate solution at room temperature and robustness during colonoscopy
Authors: Yuichiro Nishimoto, Sayaka Mizutani, Takeshi Nakajima, Fumie Hosoda, Hikaru Watanabe, Yutaka Saito, Tatsuhiro Shibata, Shinichi Yachida, Takuji Yamada
Journal: Gut (2016)

We read with interest the paper by Jalanka et al ,1 who examined the influence of bowel preparation on intestinal microbiota by using phylogenetic microarray and quantitative PCR analyses of frozen samples. Conventionally, faecal samples are frozen on dry ice or in a deep-freezer (at −80°C) immediately after collection, as done by Jalanka et al , because bacterial taxa can change appreciably within 15 min at room temperature (RT).2 However, immediate deep-freezing is often inconvenient in routine clinical practice, and we wondered whether simple storage of faecal samples at RT in test tubes containing 4 M guanidine thiocyanate solution would be equally effective. Guanidine thiocyanate is a general protein denaturant3 and inhibits bacterial growth.3–5 We collected faecal samples before and after colonoscopy, and divided each into two parts: one was stored frozen and the other at RT. Taxonomic compositions were determined by 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis, and the results in the two groups were compared. We also examined the stability of faecal microbiome composition, since Jalanka et al found that the intestinal microbiota is changed by whole-bowel irrigation, but …