tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early Postnatal Manganese Exposure Causes Lasting Impairment of Selective and Focused Attention and Arousal Regulation in Adult Rats
Authors: Stephane A. Beaudin, Barbara J. Strupp, Myla Strawderman, Donald R. Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Studies in children and adolescents have associated early developmental manganese (Mn) exposure with inattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and oppositional behaviors, but causal inferences are precluded by the correlational nature of the data and generally limited control for potential confounders.To determine whether early postnatal oral Mn exposure causes lasting attentional and impulse control deficits in adulthood, and whether continued lifelong Mn exposure exacerbates these effects, using a rat model of environmental Mn exposure.Neonates were exposed orally to 0, 25 or 50 mg Mn/kg/day during early postnatal life (PND 1-21) or throughout life from PND 1 until the end of the study. In adulthood, the animals were tested on a series of learning and attention tasks using the five-choice serial reaction time task.Early postnatal Mn exposure caused lasting attentional dysfunction due to impairments in attentional preparedness, selective attention, and arousal regulation, whereas associative ability (learning) and impulse control were spared. The presence and severity of these deficits varied with the dose and duration of Mn exposure.This study is the first to show that developmental Mn exposure can cause lasting impairments in focused and selective attention and arousal regulation, and to identify the specific nature of the impairments. Given the importance of attention and arousal regulation in cognitive functioning, these findings substantiate concerns about the adverse effects of developmental Mn exposure in humans. Citation: Beaudin SA, Strupp BJ, Strawderman M, Smith DR. 2017. Early postnatal manganese exposure causes lasting impairment of selective and focused attention and arousal regulation in adult rats. Environ Health Perspect 125:230-237; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP258.
Triggers for Violent Criminality in Patients With Psychotic Disorders
Authors: Amir Sariaslan, Paul Lichtenstein, Henrik Larsson, Seena Fazel
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Absolute and relative risks of violence are increased in patients with psychotic disorders, but the contribution of triggers for violent acts to these risks is uncertain. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine whether a range of triggers for violent acts are associated with risks of violence in patients diagnosed with psychotic disorders and in individuals without a psychiatric diagnosis. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Using a sample of all individuals born in Sweden between 1958 and 1988 (N = 3 123 724), we identified patients in the National Patient Register who were diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (n = 34 903) and bipolar disorder (n = 29 692), as well as unaffected controls (n = 2 763 012). We then identified, within each subsample, persons who had experienced any of the following triggers for violent acts between January 1, 2001, and December 15, 2013: exposure to violence, parental bereavement, self-harm, traumatic brain injury, unintentional injuries, and substance intoxication. By using within-individual models, we conducted conditional logistic regression to compare the risk of the individual engaging in violent acts in the week following the exposure to a trigger with the risk during earlier periods of equivalent length. All time-invariant confounders (eg, genetic and early environmental influences) were controlled for by this research design and we further adjusted for time-varying sociodemographic factors. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of violent crime occurring in the week following the exposure to a trigger event compared with earlier periods. <h3>Results</h3> Among the sample of 2 827 607 individuals (1 492 186 male and 1 335 421 female), all of the examined trigger events were associated with increased risk of violent crime in the week following exposure. The largest 1-week absolute risk of violent crime was observed following exposure to violence (70-177 violent crimes per 10 000 persons). For most triggers, the relative risks did not vary significantly by diagnosis, including unintentional injuries (aOR range, 3.5-4.8), self-harm (aOR range, 3.9-4.2), and substance intoxication (aOR range, 3.0-4.0). Differences by diagnosis included parental bereavement, which was significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (aOR, 5.0; 95% CI, 3.0-8.1) compared with controls (aOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3-2.2). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In addition to identifying risk factors for violence, clarifying the timing of the triggers may provide opportunities to improve risk assessment and management in individuals with psychotic disorders.
JAK1/2 and BCL2 inhibitors synergize to counteract bone marrow stromal cell–induced protection of AML
Authors: Riikka Karjalainen, Tea Pemovska, Mihaela Popa, Minxia Liu, Komal K. Javarappa, Muntasir M. Majumder, Bhagwan Yadav, David Tamborero, Jing Tang, Dmitrii Bychkov, Mika Kontro, Alun Parsons, Minna Suvela, Mireia Mayoral Safont, Kimmo Porkka, Tero Aittokallio, Olli Kallioniemi, Emmet McCormack, Bjørn T. Gjertsen, Krister Wennerberg, Jonathan Knowles, Caroline A. Heckman
Journal: Blood (2017)
High-dose cytosine arabinoside with amsacrine for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Authors: Z A Arlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1986.4.12.1868 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3465878 High-dose cytosine arabinoside with amsacrine for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Z A ArlinxZ A ArlinSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1986.4.12.1868 PDF "High-dose cytosine arabinoside with amsacrine for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 4(12), p. 1868© 1986 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Carboplatin and paclitaxel dose dense as neoadjuvant chemotherapy follow by interval cytoreduction in advanced ovarian cancer.
Authors: Cindy Alcarraz, Mivael Olivera, Johana Muñiz, Zaida Morante, Rossana Ruiz, Natalia Valdiviezo, Luis Alberto Mas Lopez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e16553 Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with Carboplatin and Paclitaxel every 3 weeks show higher rates in optimal debulking surgery compared with those primarily operated. We explored Carboplatin and Paclitaxel dose-dense as neoadjuvant treatment for advanced ovarian carcinoma. Methods: Patients with primarily unresectable epithelial ovarian cancer was treated with carboplatin (AUC 6) day 1 plus paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 every week, Days 1-8-15 every 21 days for three cycles follow by interval cytoreduction and adjuvant chemotherapy for three more cycles. The main objective was rate of optimal cytoreduction and secondary objectives: pathologic response rate, time to progression, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and toxicity profile. Results: Between Jan-2011 and Dec-2013, 39 patients received neoadjuvant treatment, median age: 58 years (47-73), status performance, ECOG 1: 24 (61.5%). EC III-C/IV = 26/13. High grade serous adenocarcinoma 26 (66.7%), unspecified serous 10 (25.6%), Mucinosus 2, endometroid 1, Indefernciate 1. Median value CA 125 = 2485.2 UI/mL (21.2-15999). 28/39 (71.7%) patients achieved optimal cytoreduction. 14/28 achieved complete pathological response, 3 (7.6%) were to surgery with evidence of carcinomatosis, eight patients (20.5%) failed surgery, 7 due to disease progression and 1 severe chemotherapy toxicity. The median time to progression was 7.5 months ( < 1-19), estimated PFS was 57% and 28.3% a 1 and 2 years respectively. The estimated 1 year OS = 78% 2 y OS = 63.5%. The only variable significantly associated with OS was status performance (ECOG 1), characteristics associated with progression-free survival was not found, or resectability or pathological response. The hematological toxicity grade 3/4, neutropenia: 23%, thrombocytopenia; 7.7% , neurologic toxicity grade 1: 20 %, one death was associated with chemotherapy for bowel obstruction. Conclusions: Dose dense regimen neoadjuvant shows efficacy achieving high rates of optimal cytoreduction in patients with primary unresectable ovarian cancer with acceptable toxicity profile.
Inverse Correlation Between Heart Rate Recovery and Metabolic Risks in Healthy Children and Adolescents
Authors: Lian-Yu Lin, Hsu-Ko Kuo, Ling-Ping Lai, Jiunn-Lee Lin, Chuen-Den Tseng, Juey-Jen Hwang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Heart rate recovery (HRR) is a marker for survival. Little is known about the association between HRR and metabolic risks in healthy children or adolescents.We examined 993 healthy children and adolescents aged 12-19 years with reliable measures of cardiovascular fitness from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. HRR parameters 1-3 min after exercise were calculated from exercise test results. Anthropometric and metabolic risk factors as well as metabolic Z score were obtained.The HRR parameters were inversely correlated with most of the metabolic risks, including waist circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum triglycerides, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and were positively correlated with serum HDL levels. In multiple linear regression analysis, among the metabolic risks, waist circumference was the only parameter associated with HRR parameters (P = 0.038, 0.001, and 0.001 for 1-, 2-, and 3-min HRR, respectively) in boys. In girls, waist circumference (P = 0.001 and <0.001 for 2- and 3-min HRR, respectively), SBP (P = 0.029 for 1-min HRR), serum glucose (P = 0.021 for 2-min HRR), and serum CRP (P = 0.007 for 2-min HRR) levels were the most important determinants of HRR parameters. The adjusted 1-min HRR did not change across four quartiles of metabolic Z score, while the adjusted 3-min HRR decreased significantly with four quartiles of metabolic Z score.Metabolic risks are inversely associated with HRR in healthy children and adolescents. Our finding suggests that there is a link between metabolic risks and autonomic nervous system functions in healthy young ages.
Abstract 2391: Impact of Therapies for Anemia on Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure in Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Howard M Julien, Preetika Muthukrishnan, Eldrin F Lewis
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Anemia is common in heart failure (HF) patients and has been well-established as a risk factor for increased risk of HF hospitalization and mortality. Treatment with erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESA) has increased hemoglobin, but outcomes trials are limited and use of ESA has been controversial given disparate results in other populations. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of ESA and iron on outcomes in HF patients. A systematic review of four databases was conducted in April 2008 (n = 95 unique trials). Analysis inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trial to ESA/iron with clinically defined HF, yielding 10 eligible trials published between 6/01–3/08. Data was independently extracted and cross-checked for accuracy and reliability (2 investigators). A total of 768 subjects (421 treated and 338 controls) are included (Characteristics in Table 1 ). Randomization to ESA produced a significant improvement in exercise capacity 0.39 standard units [95% CI 0.1– 0.6, p = 0.001], a 5.72% [95% CI 1.2–10.3, p = 0.014] increase in left ventricle ejection fraction and a 0.23 mg/dL [95% CI 0.4 – 0.1 p = 0.001] reduction in serum creatinine. There was no difference in all-cause mortality - RR 0.79 [95% CI 0.49, 1.26, p = 0.320]. Trends were noted in reduced hospitalization rates, decreased brain natriuretic peptide, and improved quality of life. Meta-analysis of randomized studies of treatment of anemia in HF patients suggests significant benefit in exercise capacity, left ventricular ejection fraction, and serum creatinine. There does not appear to be excess mortality with ESA/iron treatment. Despite favorable findings, definitive randomized clinical trials are needed to assess the role of this treatment modality in HF management. Table 1. Baseline Patient and Study Characteristics
Tweeting and rule breaking at conferences
Authors: Trish Groves
Journal: BMJ (2016)

You’re at a conference and you see or hear something that will interest and inform people in the wider world. It’s the easiest thing to get your phone out and tweet a quote or photo, perhaps of a slide, poster, or study abstract. But then you’re dismayed to find that the conference organisers have banned the use of Twitter.

Twitter can be a powerful academic tool, particularly when the 140 characters are used to disseminate the url of an article or other content.1 So why would an evidence loving organisation stop delegates live tweeting their meeting? And why would they block advocates from sharing the latest information with people who are unlikely to go to academic conferences or read journals, such as patients?

Protecting intellectual property—of speakers, researchers, and …
Do the stimuli of an SSVEP-based BCI really have to be the same as the stimuli used for training it?
Authors: Andéol Evain, Ferran Argelaguet, Géry Casiez, Nicolas Roussel, Anatole Lécuyer
Journal: Brain-Computer Interfaces (2016)

Does the stimulation used during the training on an SSVEP-based BCI have to be similar to that of the end use? We recorded six-channel EEG data from 12 subjects in various conditions of distance between targets, and of difference in color between targets. Our analysis revealed that the stimulation configuration used for training which leads to the best classification accuracy is not always the one which is closest to the end use configuration. We found that the distance between targets during training is of little influence if the end use targets are close to each other, but that training at far distance can lead to a better accuracy for far distance end use (p < .01). Additionally, an interaction effect is observed between training and testing color (p < .001): while training with monochrome targets leads to good performance only when the test context involves monochrome targets as well, a classifier trained on colored targets can be efficient for both colored and monochrome targets. In a nutshell, in the context of SSVEP-based BCI, training using distant targets of different colors seems to lead to the best and more robust performance in all end use contexts.
Absolute Lymphocyte Count At Day 28 Independently Predicts Event-Free and Overall Survival in Adults with Newly Diagnosed Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Di Sun, Paul Elson, Michaela Liedtke, Bruno C. Medeiros, Marc Earl, Ash A Alizadeh, Jennifer Bates, Mikkael A. Sekeres, Steven E. Coutre, Matt Kalaycio, Ronald Sobecks, Edward Copelan, Anjali S. Advani
Journal: Blood (2011)
Antibiotic treatment and mortality in patients with Listeria monocytogenes meningitis or bacteraemia
Authors: S. Thønnings, J.D. Knudsen, H.C. Schønheyder, M. Søgaard, M. Arpi, K.O. Gradel, C. Østergaard, C. Østergaard, M. Arpi, K.O. Gradel, U.S. Jensen, S. Thønnings, J.D. Knudsen, K. Koch, M. Pinholt, J. Smit, H.C. Schønheyder, M. Søgaard
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2016)
Abstract P75: Dissemination of CPR Skills to the Public - Can Schoolchildren Ensure Success?
Authors: Tonje Lorem, Aud Palm, Lars Wik
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Training a large fraction of the general population in CPR could have major public health benefit if those most likely to witness cardiac arrest are trained. Mass distribution of self-training manikins as a two-tiered strategy with school children as first tier has been described as successful, but without information on second tier age or information strategy to second tier. We studied three different attempts at reaching older second tier persons. In groups 1 and 2 first tier consisted of 7 th graders and in group 3 high school and medical school students. Information about the desirable second tier age group was given in writing prior to the distribution. In groups 1 and 3 information was only directed towards first tier. In group 2 both first tier, their parents and teachers were informed. The first tier participants reported the number of second tier trained for age-groups 12–25 years, 25–50 years, and &gt;50 years. Approximately 64000 (group 1), 63000 (group 2) and 81 (group 3) self-education kits were provided with 2.7, 1.9, and 3.7 lay-rescuers trained per kit respectively (p&lt;0.05) (Table 1 ). Informing also the parents of the first tier prior to the distribution did not positively impact the number of second tier trained lay-rescuers, but higher age of first tier did. We speculate that 7 th graders are too young to successfully disseminate CPR to those most likely to witness out of hospital cardiac arrest. Table 1. Percentage reported trained in first and second tier divided into age-groups.
Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver in an adult patient
Authors: Kyu Ho Lee, Mussin Nadiar Maratovich, Kyoung-Bun Lee
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2016)

Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is rare primary hepatic sarcoma and is known to occur in pediatric patients. This case is the UESL occurred in a 51-year old male patient. Multilocular cystic lesion was composed of primitive spindle cells without specific differentiation. This rare case would help to review differential diagnosis of primary sarcoma in liver and cystic neoplasm of the liver. Keywords: Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver; Hepatic sarcoma
Optimizing growth and post treatment of diamond for high capacitance neural interfaces
Authors: Wei Tong, Kate Fox, Akram Zamani, Ann M. Turnley, Kumaravelu Ganesan, Arman Ahnood, Rosemary Cicione, Hamish Meffin, Steven Prawer, Alastair Stacey, David J. Garrett
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)
Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kenneth Cusi, Beverly Orsak, Fernando Bril, Romina Lomonaco, Joan Hecht, Carolina Ortiz-Lopez, Fermin Tio, Jean Hardies, Celia Darland, Nicolas Musi, Amy Webb, Paola Portillo-Sanchez
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

The metabolic defects of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) seem to be specifically targeted by pioglitazone. However, information about its long-term use in this population is limited.To determine the efficacy and safety of long-term pioglitazone treatment in patients with NASH and prediabetes or T2DM.Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00994682).University hospital.Patients (n = 101) with prediabetes or T2DM and biopsy-proven NASH were recruited from the general population and outpatient clinics.All patients were prescribed a hypocaloric diet (500-kcal/d deficit from weight-maintaining caloric intake) and then randomly assigned to pioglitazone, 45 mg/d, or placebo for 18 months, followed by an 18-month open-label phase with pioglitazone treatment.The primary outcome was a reduction of at least 2 points in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score in 2 histologic categories without worsening of fibrosis. Secondary outcomes included other histologic outcomes, hepatic triglyceride content measured by magnetic resonance and proton spectroscopy, and metabolic parameters.Among patients randomly assigned to pioglitazone, 58% achieved the primary outcome (treatment difference, 41 percentage points [95% CI, 23 to 59 percentage points]) and 51% had resolution of NASH (treatment difference, 32 percentage points [CI, 13 to 51 percentage points]) (P < 0.001 for each). Pioglitazone treatment also was associated with improvement in individual histologic scores, including the fibrosis score (treatment difference, -0.5 [CI, -0.9 to 0.0]; P = 0.039); reduced hepatic triglyceride content from 19% to 7% (treatment difference, -7 percentage points [CI, -10 to -4 percentage points]; P < 0.001); and improved adipose tissue, hepatic, and muscle insulin sensitivity (P < 0.001 vs. placebo for all). All 18-month metabolic and histologic improvements persisted over 36 months of therapy. The overall rate of adverse events did not differ between groups, although weight gain was greater with pioglitazone (2.5 kg vs. placebo).Single-center study.Long-term pioglitazone treatment is safe and effective in patients with prediabetes or T2DM and NASH.Burroughs Wellcome Fund and American Diabetes Association.
Downregulation Of Deoxycytidine Kinase In Cytarabine-Resistant Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cells Confers Cross-Resistance To Nucleoside Analogs Fludarabine, Gemcitabine and Cladribine, But Not To Other Classes Of Anti-Lymphoma Agents
Authors: Magdalena Klanova, Lucie Lorkova, Ondrej Vit, Bokang Maswabi, Jan Molinsky, Jana Pospisilova, Cory Mavis, Francisco Hernandez, Martin Vokurka, Jiri Petrak, Pavel Klener
Journal: Blood (2013)
Intense 18F-FDG Uptake in Chronic Subcutaneous Opioid Injection Sites
Authors: Roberto Andres Salas Fragomeni, Steven P. Rowe
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

Subcutaneous F-FDG uptake is a common finding on PET scans, with causes including both benign and malignant conditions. Often, the pattern of uptake or the clinical indication for the PET scan will suggest the etiology. However, unusual or unexpected patterns may require careful clinical history. We report the case of a 45-year-old woman who underwent a PET/CT study for paraneoplastic syndrome evaluation and was found to have intense, extensive, bilaterally symmetric, nodular subcutaneous FDG uptake in the lower back and buttocks that was related to long-term repeated subcutaneous opioid injections.