tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Standards and Methodologies for Characterizing Radiobiological Impact of High-Z Nanoparticles
Authors: Anna Subiel, Reece Ashmore, Giuseppe Schettino
Journal: Theranostics (2016)

Research on the application of high-Z nanoparticles (NPs) in cancer treatment and diagnosis has recently been the subject of growing interest, with much promise being shown with regards to a potential transition into clinical practice.In spite of numerous publications related to the development and application of nanoparticles for use with ionizing radiation, the literature is lacking coherent and systematic experimental approaches to fully evaluate the radiobiological effectiveness of NPs, validate mechanistic models and allow direct comparison of the studies undertaken by various research groups.The lack of standards and established methodology is commonly recognised as a major obstacle for the transition of innovative research ideas into clinical practice.This review provides a comprehensive overview of radiobiological techniques and quantification methods used in in vitro studies on high-Z nanoparticles and aims to provide recommendations for future standardization for NP-mediated radiation research.
Case 34-1965
Authors: Charles A. Sanders, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

Presentation of Case First admission. A thirty-six-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of dyspnea.He had been well until eleven months previously, when there was the onset of exertional dyspnea accompanied by dull pain in the anterior portion of the chest. One month later he entered another hospital, where mild hypertension was found; digitalis, thiamine and diuretics were given, and a loss of 30 pounds in weight ensued. He reduced his usual heavy intake of alcohol and was asymptomatic for the next eight months. Two months before entry ankle edema developed, and one month later the dyspnea recurred, . . .
ARBと利尿薬の配合剤 : その開発の経緯と高血圧治療における現在の位置づけ (特集 高血圧薬物療法を見直す : 降圧薬の単剤,併用,配合剤)
Authors: 哲太郎 又吉, 祐輔 大屋
Journal: Circulation (2014)
I-SPY 2 — A Glimpse of the Future of Phase 2 Drug Development?
Authors: David Harrington, Giovanni Parmigiani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

The I-SPY 2 breast cancer trials assess activity of new agents by adaptive randomization, applying criteria for success on a surrogate end point to predict success in confirmatory trials. Innovative designs may speed progress and eliminate waste in drug development.
RGD Peptide Cell-Surface Display Enhances the Targeting and Therapeutic Efficacy of Attenuated <i>Salmonella</i>-mediated Cancer Therapy
Authors: Seung-Hwan Park, Jin Hai Zheng, Vu Hong Nguyen, Sheng-Nan Jiang, Dong-Yeon Kim, Michael Szardenings, Jung Hyun Min, Yeongjin Hong, Hyon E. Choy, Jung-Joon Min
Journal: Theranostics (2016)

Bacteria-based anticancer therapies aim to overcome the limitations of current cancer therapy by actively targeting and efficiently removing cancer.To achieve this goal, new approaches that target and maintain bacterial drugs at sufficient concentrations during the therapeutic window are essential.Here, we examined the tumor tropism of attenuated Salmonella typhimurium displaying the RGD peptide sequence (ACDCRGDCFCG) on the external loop of outer membrane protein A (OmpA).RGD-displaying Salmonella strongly bound to cancer cells overexpressing αvβ3, but weakly bound to αvβ3-negative cancer cells, suggesting the feasibility of displaying a preferential homing peptide on the bacterial surface.In vivo studies revealed that RGD-displaying Salmonellae showed strong targeting efficiency, resulting in the regression in αvβ3-overexpressing cancer xenografts, and prolonged survival of mouse models of human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and human melanoma (MDA-MB-435).Thus, surface engineering of Salmonellae to display RGD peptides increases both their targeting efficiency and therapeutic effect.
HARVEY CUSHING (1869-1939) PULITZER PRIZE SURGEON
Authors: J H TALBOTT
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Case 52-1979
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Howard M. Spiro, James J. Galdabini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Presentation of CaseA 28-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of jaundice.She was well until two months earlier, when an epigastric ache developed, with radiation to the back. Pain occurred three or four times daily, was unrelated to the ingestion of food or passage of stool and was unrelieved by antacids; it was severe for a few minutes to an hour and abated spontaneously. Examination in the clinic showed tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. The blood count and prothrombin time were normal. The bilirubin was 0.6 mg per 100 ml. The aspartate aminotransferase . . .
Indian surgeon vows to continue stem cell research on brain dead patients
Authors: Ganapati Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2016)

An Indian surgeon has vowed to continue with a clinical trial he claims will “reverse” brain death, despite strong criticism by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).

The ICMR has warned Himanshu Bansal, a spine surgeon based in the northern Indian town of Rudrapur, that his proposal to look for evidence of reversal of brain death would violate guidelines for human research.

India’s National Apex Committee for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, a panel under the ICMR, first wrote to Bansal in April this year after he uploaded an outline of his proposed study to the Clinical Trials Registry: India, a database maintained by the ICMR.1

The study plans to use stem cells from brain dead patients, biopeptides from a US company named BioQuark, and transcranial laser …
Influence of Antigenic Factors in the Production of Antitumor Cytotoxic Sera
Authors: Richard A. Malmgren
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1958)

Journal Article Influence of Antigenic Factors in the Production of Antitumor Cytotoxic Sera Get access Richard A. Malmgren Richard A. Malmgren Pathologic Anatomy Branch, National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 20, Issue 2, February 1958, Pages 417–429, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/20.2.417 Published: 01 February 1958 Article history Received: 05 September 1957 Published: 01 February 1958
Biologically Active Components from Mycobacterial Cell Walls. I. Isolation and Composition of Cell Wall Skeleton and Component P 3
Authors: Ichiro Azuma, Edgar E. Ribi, Thomas J. Meyer, Berton Zbar
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Biologically Active Components from Mycobacterial Cell Walls. I. Isolation and Composition of Cell Wall Skeleton and Component P3 Get access Ichiro Azuma, Ichiro Azuma Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edgar E. Ribi, Edgar E. Ribi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas J. Meyer, Thomas J. Meyer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Berton Zbar Berton Zbar Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 1, January 1974, Pages 95–101, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.1.95 Published: 01 January 1974 Article history Received: 08 May 1973 Accepted: 14 September 1973 Published: 01 January 1974
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Gilbert G. Eade
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> With respect to the letter on an aggressive approach to basal cell carcinoma (228:463, 1974) by Drs. Brodkin, Bleiberg, and Abbey, I voice a disagreement from their opinion. They asked the question, "Why do intelligent physicians offer such advice?" and the advice was not to, at that moment, treat the apparent basal cell carcinoma present. Basal cell carcinoma is no different from any other diagnosis encountered in giving medical care. One never takes action on the diagnosis simply because it is there. Treatment is directed toward eliminating or preventing problems related to the disease state. If the disease is neither producing problems, nor is likely to produce problems, physicians have no business treating it simply because it is there. In many instances, basal cell carcinoma is extremely slow-growing, is producing no significant cosmetic impairment, even though on the face, and is unlikely to cause discomfort or bleeding.
Reply
Authors: Stefania Bruno, Ciro Tetta, Giovanni Camussi
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

In our study we found that human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are relatively inefficient in attenuating mortality in a model of fulminant liver failure when compared with human liver-derived stem cells (HLSCs), a liver resident form of MSCs.1 We did not explore the reason for this difference. Dong et al. suggest that natural killer (NK) cells may limit survival of human BM-MSCs in severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mice. The interactions between MSCs and NK cells are bivalent.2-4 In fact, NK cells are capable of killing MSCs only when previously activated. By contrast, MSCs can inhibit interleukin (IL)-2 induced NK cell proliferation and activation.2-4 The state of NK cell activation in vivo in our experimental setting has not been explored. However, comparing in vitro the sensitivity to NK cells of the BM-MSCs with that of HLSCs we found that IL-15-activated NK cells killed about 30% of BM-MSCs, whereas NK cells were totally ineffective in killing HLSCs (article in preparation). It could be that this insensitivity to NK cells may account for the greater efficiency of HLSCs in the rescue of fulminant liver failure when compared to that of BM-MSCs. However, it should be noted that in our study the conditioned medium of HLSCs reproduced the protective effects of the cells, whereas the conditioned medium of BM-MSCs was totally ineffective. This suggests that the difference in the effects of soluble mediators released from the two cell types could be the primary cause for the different effect of HLSCs and BM-MSCs. Stefania Bruno, Ph.D.1 Ciro Tetta, M.D.2 Giovanni Camussi, M.D.3 1Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Bad Homburg, Germany 2Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany 3Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
Treatment decision making in advanced cancer: Communication about patient values and preferences.
Authors: Hanneke W.M. Van Laarhoven, Inge Henselmans, Jane Van der Vloodt, Hanneke C.J.M. De Haes, Ellen M.A. Smets
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

6606 Background: Medical decision making profoundly influences the quality of life of advanced cancer patients and, hence, strongly depends on patients’ values and preferences. This observational study examines the type of values and preferences patients express in treatment decision consultations and how medical oncologists invite and react to such expressions. Methods: Advanced cancer patients for whom undergoing systemic treatment is medically not self-evident were identified. Patients (n = 43) were included when they met with a medical oncologist (n = 13) for the first time or to evaluate current treatment. Either one or two consultations were taped (total n = 64). Verbatim transcripts were analysed using MAXqda10 software. Independent coders identified and categorised patient expressions of values or preferences. Oncologists’ utterances preceding or following such expressions were coded. Results: Preliminary analysis (n = 20; 31%) shows that patient expressions of values and preferences were more frequent in first consultations (M =7) than in evaluation consultations (M = 2). Expressions often concerned (54%) either a general goal, a wish to receive treatment or an evaluation of a treatment option. One third of expressions (37%) were qualified as patient-initiated. Two thirds (63%) were qualified as oncologist-invited, triggered by e.g., a direct question, a referral to the importance of patients’ preferences or a treatment advice. Half of oncologists’ responses qualified as space reducing (51%), i.e., not responding or by providing information. Responses qualified as space providing (39%) were probe questioning, checking, reflecting or providing an alternative perspective. A minority of oncologist responses qualified as solving (10%), including offering advice or consideration time. Sequences (30%) instead of isolated patient expressions (70%) often occurred when oncologists gave space providing responses. Conclusions: Shared decision making in advanced cancer can be improved by teaching oncologists to invite and provide space to patient expressions of values and preferences. Particularly when evaluating current treatment, patients’ values and preferences should be put on the agenda.
Effect of Lethally Damaged Tumor Cells Upon the Development of Admixed Viable Cells2
Authors: László Révész
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1958)

Journal Article Effect of Lethally Damaged Tumor Cells Upon the Development of Admixed Viable Cells Get access László Révész László Révész Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 20, Issue 6, June 1958, Pages 1157–1186, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/20.6.1157 Published: 01 June 1958 Article history Received: 10 December 1957 Published: 01 June 1958
The Evolution of Photoperiod-Insensitive Flowering in Sorghum, A Genomic Model for Panicoid Grasses
Authors: Hugo E. Cuevas, Chengbo Zhou, Haibao Tang, Prashant P. Khadke, Sayan Das, Yann-Rong Lin, Zhengxiang Ge, Thomas Clemente, Hari D. Upadhyaya, C. Thomas Hash, Andrew H. Paterson
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2016)

Of central importance in adapting plants of tropical origin to temperate cultivation has been selection of daylength-neutral genotypes that flower early in the temperate summer and take full advantage of its long days. A cross between tropical and temperate sorghums [Sorghum propinquum (Kunth) Hitchc.×S. bicolor (L.) Moench], revealed a quantitative trait locus (QTL), FlrAvgD1, accounting for 85.7% of variation in flowering time under long days. Fine-scale genetic mapping placed FlrAvgD1 on chromosome 6 within the physically largest centiMorgan in the genome. Forward genetic data from "converted" sorghums validated the QTL. Association genetic evidence from a diversity panel delineated the QTL to a 10-kb interval containing only one annotated gene, Sb06g012260, that was shown by reverse genetics to complement a recessive allele. Sb06g012260 (SbFT12) contains a phosphatidylethanolamine-binding (PEBP) protein domain characteristic of members of the "FT" family of flowering genes acting as a floral suppressor. Sb06g012260 appears to have evolved ∼40 Ma in a panicoid ancestor after divergence from oryzoid and pooid lineages. A species-specific Sb06g012260 mutation may have contributed to spread to temperate regions by S. halepense ("Johnsongrass"), one of the world's most widespread invasives. Alternative alleles for another family member, Sb02g029725 (SbFT6), mapping near another flowering QTL, also showed highly significant association with photoperiod response index (P = 1.53×10 − 6). The evolution of Sb06g012260 adds to evidence that single gene duplicates play large roles in important environmental adaptations. Increased knowledge of Sb06g012260 opens new doors to improvement of sorghum and other grain and cellulosic biomass crops.
Viral kinetics during antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C and persistently normal ALT levels
Authors: Claudio Puoti, Lia Bellis, Roberto Castellacci, Fabrizio Montagnese
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

To the Editor: We read with great interest the article of Kronenberger et al.1 evaluating viral kinetics in patients with chronic hepatitis C and normal or elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. The main conclusions of this study were that viral kinetics did not differ between the two groups of patients, although those with elevated GGT levels showed reduced efficacy of blocking virus production and lower infected cell loss. Although this study did accurately compare virological, demographic, and histological features between patients with normal and elevated ALT levels, fewer data are given about the differences among those with normal ALT. Indeed, patients with normal ALT might be stratified into three different groups: patients with persistently "low-normal" (updated healthy) ALT levels; patients with "high-normal" ALT levels, and subjects with normal ALT but occasional ALT flares.2, 3 Two recent prospective studies4, 5 have shown that many subjects referred to as hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers with persistently normal ALT (PNALT) could have ALT flare-ups during the follow-up, thus proving that even prolonged observation periods might not be adequate to distinguish patients with persistent or transient ALT normality. It has been suggested that at least two different subsets of HCV carriers exist: patients with wide temporal ALT fluctuations, who could be within the normal range for several months, and true "biochemically silent" carriers, who show persistently normal ALT values.6 Although it is not clear whether these subgroups have different natural history and disease progression, liver histological activity was found to be significantly more marked among subjects with ALT flare-ups during the follow-up than in those with PNALT, and progression of fibrosis seems to accelerate after ALT flare-ups.3 Thus, we wonder if significant differences in viral kinetic were found between the 6 patients with "healthy" updated ALT levels and the 14 patients with "high-normal" ALT, and between the 5 patients with ALT flares and the 15 with PNALT. Indeed, it would be very interesting to understand whether ALT flare-ups among HCV carriers with PNALT might be due to viral factors (e.g., lower efficacy of blocking virus production/lower infected cell loss) or to nonviral factors (steatosis, drugs, alcohol). Finally, as to the patients with elevated GGT levels, we ask whether liver steatosis has been ruled out as a possible cause of GGT elevation. In particular, we wonder if significant differences were found in terms of presence and severity of steatosis between the 5 patients with PNALT and elevated GGT, and the 15 subjects with both normal ALT and GGT levels. Claudio Puoti*, Lia Bellis*, Roberto Castellacci*, Fabrizio Montagnese*, * Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Genzano Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Intercoronary Reflex
Authors: Santiago V. Guzman, Edward Swenson, Malcolm Jones
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

The effect of coronary embolization on the coronary vascular bed was studied in the intact anesthetized dog utilizing the technique of coronary artery catheterization without opening the thorax. Two coronary arterial catheters were inserted via the carotids, one into the anterior descending branch and the other into the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. Coronary vascular visualization was accomplished by routine roentgenography and by cinefluorography (using an image intensifier and 16- and 35-mm. motion picture film at 48 to 60 frames/sec.) of the heart after injection of a radiopaque dye into a coronary vessel. The results following coronary embolization showed that in both the embolized and nonembolized coronary vessels there was: (1) marked decrease in the size of the coronary vascular bed, (2) reflux of the injected contrast substance into the other coronary artery or into the aorta, (3) considerable delay in the disappearance time of the injected radiopaque material. Under the conditions of our experiments, these results can be interpreted as evidence of a generalized left coronary vasoconstriction following embolization of a branch of the left coronary artery. This was prevented to a great extent by the prior injection of atropine.
Impact of human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ERBB2 (HER2) expressions on survival in patients with stage II/III gastric cancer, enrolled in the ACTS-GC study.
Authors: M. Terashima, A. Ochiai, K. Kitada, W. Ichikawa, I. Kurahashi, S. Sakuramoto, T. Fukagawa, T. Sano, H. Imamura, M. Sasako
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

4013 Background: EGFR and HER2 positivity is thought to be a negative prognostic factor in gastric cancer (GC). Biomarker analysis has been conducted to evaluate the influence of EGFR and HER2 expressions on the outcomes of patients (pts) enrolled in the ACTS-GC study, a randomized phase III trial, which demonstrated that adjuvant treatment with S-1 after D2 dissection for locally advanced GC was more effective as compared with surgery alone in East Asian pts (Sakuramoto et al., NEJM 2007) Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens were examined retrospectively for EGFR and HER2 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using Ventana antibody. The scores for EGFR and HER2 expression were centrally assessed in a blinded fashion. The expression of each of the genes was also measured by RT-PCR in macrodissected tumor specimens. Results: FFPE specimens were available from 829 of the total of 1,059 (78.3%) pts. As of the end of Dec. 2010, IHC for EGFR and HER2 had been performed for 489 and 670 pts, respectively, while the mRNA of each had been measured for 754 pts. The IHC score distribution for EGFR (grade 0, 20.2%; 1+, 47.4%; 2+, 22.3%; 3+, 10.0%) and that for HER2 (grade 0, 51.3%; 1+, 26.0%; 2+, 12.4%; 3+, 10.3%) were balanced across the arms. For both genes, the IHC score was significantly correlated with the mRNA expression level (P<0.0001, Wilcoxon’s test). EGFR 3+ status was associated with worse outcomes in the surgery alone group (OS, p=0.0098; HR 2.13 [95% CI:1.13-3.68]; RFS, p=0.0297; HR 1.94 [95% CI:1.003-3.41]) and the S-1 group (OS, p=0.0655; HR 1.87 [95% CI:0.895-3.51]; RFS, p=0.0237; HR 2.08 [95% CI:1.03-3.84]) These trends still remained significant in multivariate models in the surgery alone group (p=0.0277; HR 2.07 [95% CI:1.09-3.62]). No interaction for OS or RFS was observed between S-1 and the EGFR 3+ status. The HER2 status was not associated with the OS/RFS in either the surgery alone group or the S-1 group. Conclusions: This large biomarker study showed that the EGFR 3+ status was associated with worse outcomes in GC pts treated by surgery alone. The final results including the remaining FFPE specimens will be reported at the meeting.