tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quality Indicators to Assure and Improve Cancer Care in Spain Using the Delphi Technique
Authors: Carlos Camps, Joan Albanell, Antonio Antón, Enrique Aranda, Alfredo Carrato, Javier Cassinello, Daniel Castellano, Juan J Cruz, Pilar Garrido, Vicente Guillem, Cristina Grávalos, Guillermo López, César Llorente, Antonio Lorenzo, Ana Lluch, Emilio Ignacio, Eduardo Díaz-Rubio
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2016)

Background: The quality of cancer care has become a priority for health care systems. The goal of this research was to develop a set of evidence-based quality indicators (QIs) for organization, palliative care, and colorectal, breast, and lung cancers for introducing a system of benchmarking in Spain. Methods: A comprehensive evidence-based literature search was performed to identify potential QIs. An expert panel (the health care quality promotion group) of 9 oncologists identified indicators and evaluated them. A Delphi process involving 58 physicians was used to rank QIs by clinical relevance (validity). The expert panel then evaluated the selected indicators in terms of the feasibility of measuring them in Spanish hospitals, their usefulness for comparisons, their degree of clinical relevance, and their sensitivity to the impact of health care improvements. Results: From the literature review, 99 potential QIs were identified. The Delphi process shortened the list to 72 QIs. A final set of 57 QIs was established by the health care quality promotion group: 12 related to organizational issues, 11 to colorectal cancer, 11 to breast cancer, 12 to lung cancer, and 11 to palliative care. This final set included structure (n=2), process (n=36), and outcome (n=19) indicators. Conclusions: A set of QIs has been developed using a validated Delphi method, meaning that we can be confident of their validity, feasibility, sensitivity, and acceptability. These QIs are to serve as the basis of a strategy for benchmarking across oncology services in Spanish hospitals and should enable us to assure and improve the quality of cancer care.
Randomized, multicenter, open-label, phase 3 study of the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib in combination with obinutuzumab vs. chlorambucil in combination with obinutuzumab in patients with treatment-naïve CLL/SLL (PCYC-1130): iLLUMINATE.
Authors: Ian Flinn, Carol Moreno, Devinder Singh Gill, Thomas J. Kipps, Yun Shaw, Yunfeng Li, Lori Appel Styles, Danelle Frances James, John G. Gribben
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

TPS7095 Background: There are limited safe and effective first-line options for CLL patients (pts) who have comorbidities, are older, and are not candidates for fludarabine-based regimens. The combination of chlorambucil with obinutuzumab is a recently approved treatment option for these pts. In a recent trial in treatment-naïve (TN) pts with CLL (median age 71 y), single-agent ibrutinib resulted in an ORR of 71% (CR, 13%), PR with lymphocytosis of 13%, and an estimated 22-month PFS of 96% and OS of 96% (O’Brien, 2014). Ibrutinib was effective even in pts with poor prognostic factors. This randomized, multicenter, open-label, phase 3 trial compares the chemotherapy-free combination of ibrutinib and obinutuzumab to chlorambucil/obinutuzumab, in TN pts with CLL not appropriate for fludarabine-based chemoimmunotherapy due to comorbidity, age, or presence of del17p. Methods: In iLLUMINATE, an ongoing trial of TN pts who have active disease requiring therapy, approximately 212 TN CLL/SLL pts will be randomized if they meet 1 of the following criteria: CIRS > 6, estimated CrCL ≥ 30 but < 70 mL/min, del17p or TP53 mutation, or are ≥ 65 years of age. Pts will be randomized to ibrutinib (420 mg per day continuously) or oral chlorambucil (0.5 mg/kg D1 and D15 of each 28-day cycle for 6 cycles). All pts will be given 6 cycles of IV obinutuzumab according to the product label. Key exclusion criteria include any prior treatment for CLL, evidence of CNS involvement, or Richter’s transformation. Treatment will be administered up to the specified maximum number of cycles, or until PD or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint is PFS, assessed by Independent Review Committee (IRC). Secondary endpoints include ORR, MRD-negative response rate, OS, hematologic improvement, patient-reported outcomes, safety, and tolerability. Pts on the chlorambucil/obinutuzumab arm may cross over to ibrutinib after IRC-confirmed PD if they meet treatment criteria. Enrollment has initiated and is planned in approximately 16 countries including the US, EU, and Australia (NCT02264574). Clinical trial information: NCT02264574.
Antibodies to Herpes Simplex Virus in Jewish Women With Cervical Cancer and in Healthy Jewish Women of Israel2
Authors: Joseph Menczer, Sophie Leventon-Kriss, Michaela Modan, Gabriel Oelsner, Chaim B. Gerichter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) antibody titers were examined in sera from 39 Jewish women with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix (CaCx) and in sera from controls matched by age and country of origin. Highly significant differences were found between the cases and controls for both HSV type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV type 2 (HSV-2). Compared to findings in other demographic areas, the geometric mean titer (GMT) of HSV-1 among the CaCx cases were considerably higher, whereas the GMT for HSV-2 was in the same range. The percentage of HSV-2-positive patients, as defined by the HSV-2/HSV-1 antibody titer ratio was low compared to that found in other demographic areas; this was presumably due to the high incidence of HSV-1 infection in the population. The HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection rate in the Israeli Jewish female population was estimated by antibody titers for 94 healthy subjects. The GMT of HSV-1 was considerably higher, whereas the GMT of HSV-2 was lower, than those reported elsewhere. The association found previously between HSV-2 and CaCx remained true for Jewish women. Their low incidence of CaCx, which did not seem to result from lower susceptibility, might be explained by the low incidence of HSV-2 infection.
Temozolomide in combination with stereotactic radiosurgery for recurrent brain metastases: A phase I study.
Authors: D. Roberge, J. Pouliot, L. Souhami
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e12521 Background: Temozolomide (TMZ) is an alkylating agent known to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, for which there is clinical and experimental evidence for radio-sensitization. Hundreds of patients with brain metastases have been treated in clinical trials using TMZ alone or in combination with whole-brain radiation. Limited data is available on the safety of TMZ administered concurrently with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Methods: Patient had to have 1 to 4 progressive metastases following prior irradiation (the largest ≤ 40 mm in diameter) and a Karnofsky performance status ≥ 60%. Enrollment was performed in 3 sequential cohorts of up to 10 patients: TMZ 100, 150 and 200 mg/m2/day. No other concurrent chemotherapy was permitted. TMZ was administered for 5 consecutive days including the morning of the SRS. SRS dose was adjusted according to the maximal target diameter: 15, 18 and 21 Gy for metastases of 31-40 mm, 21-30 mm and ≤ 20 mm in diameter, respectively. The primary endpoint was safety; secondary endpoints included local control, time to progression and survival. Results: A total of 24 patients were enrolled between December 2006 and January 2010. The median age was 59 years (44-73 years) and the median KPS was 90% (60%-100%). Primary cancers included: lung (71%), renal (10%), breast (10%), melanoma (5%) and thyroid (5%). The median number of brain metastases treated was 1 (range 1-4) and the median target diameter was 21 mm (5-37). Median CNS progression-free and overall survivals from first dose of TMZ were 3.2 and 7.1 months (1.9-20.6 months), respectively. Grade III and IV toxicities were rare; one patient experienced grade III nausea in the 150 mg/m2 cohort and one patient required steroids for grade III CNS toxicity in the 200 mg/m2 cohort. The most common grade I and II adverse events (irrespective of causality) were: headache (25%), fatigue (23%), nausea (21%), vomiting (17%) and seizure (13%). Conclusions: TMZ at doses up to 200 mg/m2/day can be safely administered concurrently with standard-dose SRS in patients with recurrent brain metastasis. TMZ may increase radio-sensitivity of tumor cells at the edge of irradiated volume, potentially leading to improved local control. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Schering-Plough Canada Inc. Schering Plough Canada Inc. Schering Plough Canada Inc.
Effects of Vitamin A and Dexamethasone on Capsule Collagen Metabolism in Mouse Mammary Adenocarcinoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: S Takahashi, A Shefer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

It was previously shown that the administration of dexamethasone (Dex) to mice bearing mammary adenocarcinoma caused the collagen content of the tumor capsule to be decreased by 50%, but collagenase and other neutral protease activities of the tumor were the same as in the controls. These events occurred with distinctly increased tumor invasion and metastasis. The present communication reports on the characterization of capsule collagen and the effects of agents [vitamin A (VA) and Dex] on capsule collagen metabolism and presents further evidence concerning the possible mechanisms by which the collagen content of the capsule was decreased in the Dex-treated hosts. The collagen extracted from capsules of untreated controls and mice (C3H/HeJ) treated with VA or Dex was primarily type I, as judged by the migration of protein bands in sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by patterns of elution peaks from an octadecyl C-18 column. The amino acid compositions of type I collagen of the capsule of treated and untreated controls were similar but not identical to those of mouse skin and guinea pig skin type I collagens. The specific activity of intracellular free [14C] proline, the extent of hydroxylation of [14C]proline residues of collagen, and the specific activity of [14C]hydroxyproline and proline in each case were similar in treated and in untreated controls. These results suggest that the observed 45% decrease in the conversion of [14C]proline into protein-bound [14C]hydroxyproline of the Dex-treated hosts apparently was due to decreased collagen synthesis. The data also suggest that the most critical effects of Dex on tumor invasion and metastasis appeared to occur at an early stage before full formation of the collagenous extracellular matrix.
Polymorphisms Associated with Cholesterol and Risk of Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Sekar Kathiresan, Olle Melander, Dragi Anevski, Candace Guiducci, Noël P. Burtt, Charlotta Roos, Joel N. Hirschhorn, Göran Berglund, Bo Hedblad, Leif Groop, David M. Altshuler, Christopher Newton-Cheh, Marju Orho-Melander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with blood low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol modestly affect lipid levels. We tested the hypothesis that a combination of such SNPs contributes to the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Risk factors for atypical femur fractures in cancer patients.
Authors: Beatrice J. Edwards, Huifang Lu, Mimi I-Nan Hu, Smita Saraykar, Andrew Bunta, Dennis P. West, Carlos Hernando Barcenas, Robert F. Gagel, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, William A Murphy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e12533 Background: Atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) are rare adverse events associated with long term bisphosphonate (BP) use, almost exclusively seen in patients with osteoporosis. Although cancer patients receive higher dose of BPs than individuals without cancer, only 9 cases of AFF have been described. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors for AFF in cancer patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at UT MD Anderson Cancer Center. Cases with radiographic findings consistent with AFF, and controls with normal femur radiographs on BPs. (January 1, 1990- April 1, 2013) were selected. Fisher exact and test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used for categorical and continuous variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the multivariate relationship between patient demographics and clinical characteristics and outcomes. Results: Five cases were excluded from the analysis (2 cases didn’t have information on BP’s; 3 cases were not AFF). Twenty four cases of AFF were analyzed. Breast cancer (12), myeloma (5) and lymphoma (1) were most commonly encountered in cases, and in 7 cases were metastatic, a similar distribution was seen in controls. The median duration of zoledronic acid (n= 12) 2.5 months (range 1-48 months), Pamidronate (n= 4) 14 months (range 1-114 months), alendronate (n=6) 84 months (range 1-132 months), Ibandronate ( n=2) 36 months (range 35-42 months). Co-morbidities, duration of BP use, and cumulative glucocorticoid use were similar in cases and controls. Logistic regression identified two risk factors for AFF, a prior fracture Odds ratio.[O.R.] 6.375 (95% CI 1.2, 34.3) p=0.03, and alcohol use O.R.=3.643 (95% CI 0.957, 13.867) p=0.058. Two cases of AFF were identified on denosumab preceded by 20 months on alendronate. Conclusions: Atypical femur fractures occur in cancer patients, risk factors for AFF in cancer patients include prior fractures and prior and current alcohol use.
Neurologic Complications of the Reactivation of Varicella–Zoster Virus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Aim:Fourteen Chinese cases of neurologic complications of the reactivation of Varicella-Zoster virus were reported.Methods:The distinctive neurologic coompications were described from the study of 14 cases.A brief review was made about its pathogenesis and treatment.Results:14 cases with typical different neurologic complications of the reactivation of Varicella-Zoster virus were demonstrated,including 4 case with Zoster postherpetic neuralgia,6 cases with Ramsay Hunt syndrome,2 case with Zoster radiculoneuropathy,1 case with Zoster myelitis,1 case with Zoster myelitis,1 case with Zoster myelitis,1 case with Zoster meningitis.Conclusion:The clinical spectrums of neurologic complications of Varicella-Zoster viral reactivation were wide and numerous.Therapy for herpes zoster could reduce the risk of dissemination of Varicella-Zoster virus,prevent Zoster postherpetic neuralgia.
The American Cancer Society challenge goal to reduce US cancer mortality by 50% between 1990 and 2015: Results and reflections
Authors: Tim Byers, Richard C. Wender, Ahmedin Jemal, Arnold M. Baskies, Elizabeth E. Ward, Otis W. Brawley
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2016)

In 1996, the Board of Directors of the American Cancer Society (ACS) challenged the United States to reduce what looked to be possible peak cancer mortality in 1990 by 50% by the year 2015. This analysis examines the trends in cancer mortality across this 25-year challenge period from 1990 to 2015. In 2015, cancer death rates were 26% lower than in 1990 (32% lower among men and 22% lower among women). The 50% reduction goal was more fully met for the cancer sites for which there was enactment of effective approaches for prevention, early detection, and/or treatment. Among men, mortality rates dropped for lung cancer by 45%, for colorectal cancer by 47%, and for prostate cancer by 53%. Among women, mortality rates dropped for lung cancer by 8%, for colorectal cancer by 44%, and for breast cancer by 39%. Declines in the death rates of all other cancer sites were substantially smaller (13% among men and 17% among women). The major factors that accounted for these favorable trends were progress in tobacco control and improvements in early detection and treatment. As we embark on new national cancer goals, this recent past experience should teach us that curing the cancer problem will require 2 sets of actions: making new discoveries in cancer therapeutics and more completely applying those discoveries in cancer prevention we have already made. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:359-369. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Induction of Hepatic Tumors by Diethyistilbestrol Alone or in Synergism With &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-Nitrosobutylurea in Castrated Male WF Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: C Sumi, K Yokoro, R Matsushima
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Inbred male WF rats were castrated at 40 days of age and divided into 5 groups. Group I was given no further treatment. Groups III, IV, and V received pellet implants of 5.0 mg diethylstilbestrol (DES) concurrently with castration. At 50-55 days of age, groups II, IV, and V were given drinking water containing 5.0 mg N-nitrosobutylurea (NBU) per day for 30 days (subthreshold dose). At the termination of NBU treatment, group V further received daily sc injections of 2-bromoergocryptine (CB-154; 0.4 mg/100 g body wt) four times a week throughout the experiment. None of castrated rats or rats castrated and treated with NBU alone developed hepatic tumors (HT) and pituitary tumors (PT). Incidences of HT and PT in groups III, IV, and V were 4/9 (44%) and 7/9 (78%), 15/17 (88%) and 12/17 (71%), and 17/20 (85%) and 4/20 (20%), respectively. The treatment of DES alone resulted in the concurrent development of HT and PT in castrated male rats (group III), and further NBU treatment significantly increased the incidence of HT (group IV). CB-154 treatment did not change the incidence of HT, the number of HT per rat, and the liver weight, although it significantly reduced the incidence of PT, the pituitary weight, and the serum prolactin level in castrated male rats given DES and NBU (group V). These results indicate that DES itself had a direct carcinogenic effect on the liver; this effect was not mediated by prolactin, and NBU increased the effect of DES in this process.
Possible Use of Urinary Prostate Proteins Glycosylation Profile As a Diagnostic Biomarker for Prostate Cancer
Authors: T. Vermassen, N. Lumen, C. van Praet, D. Vanderschaeghe, N. Callewaert, P. Hoebeke, S. van Belle, J. Delanghe, S. Rottey
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Hand Grip — A Simple Test for Morbidity after Fracture of the Neck of Femur
Authors: C W Twiston Davies, D Moody Jones, J R Shearer
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1984)

Seventy-six female patients, having sustained a fracture of the neck of femur, were assessed preoperatively by measuring their muscle strength in the form of grip using a hand-held dynamometer and by measuring serum albumin. A grip strength of less than 15 kg was found to be a reliable predictor of subsequent postoperative complications in female patients over the age of 80. Serum albumin had no predictive value. There was no significant difference in complication rates between different surgeons.
Incidence of Spontaneous Tumors in a Group of Retired Breeder Female Brown Norway Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: W J Kort, P E Zondervan, L O Hulsman, I M Weijma, D L Westbroek
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

A group of 80 female retired breeder inbred Brown Norway (BN) rats with recorded breeding histories was followed for 150 weeks with regard to spontaneous occurrence of tumors. The median survival time of the whole group was 134 weeks. Ninety tumors (42 benign tumors, 23 sarcomas, and 25 carcinomas) were found in 64 animals. Compared with previous findings on virgin female BN rats, the retired breeders used in the present study had a strikingly higher incidence (34%) of tumors of the genital system but a lower incidence (4%) of breast tumors. The breeding histories revealed no relationship between the recorded number of litters, number of newborns, age of the mother at the time of her first litter, preweanling mortality, and the occurrence of cancer or survival in general. Although all animals were kept under identical environmental conditions, animals born in the period July-December appeared to have a lower incidence of utero-vaginal tumors than animals born in the first half of the year. The growth rates of 32 tumors inoculated into syngeneic rats were monitored for 26 weeks. They did not correlate with the histopathologic characteristics of the specific tumor. Malignant or benign tumors showed the same growth variability.
PWE-058 The utility of scoring systems in predicting early and late mortality in alcoholic hepatitis: whose score is it anyway?: Abstract PWE-058
Authors: V Subramanian, V Ramappa, N Palaniyappan, M James, S D Ryder, P Kaye, G P Aithal
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is considered a distinct clinical entity in the spectrum of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) with a high short-term mortality. Hence, a number of scoring systems have been developed to assess severity of AH and identify the subgroup of subjects with particularly poor outcome, and suitable for specific treatments or clinical trials. Ability of these models to predict long-term survival is unknown. <h3>Methods</h3> Aims: To assess the utility of different published scoring systems in assessing short-term (30 and 90 days) and long-term (6 and 12 months) mortality in patients with AH. <b>Methods</b> We identified patients with liver biopsy evidence of AH from the histology database: 2004–2007. Clinical and histological data were collected from all the electronic records system and from patient notes. The Child Pugh (CP) score, Maddrey discriminant function (mDF), Glasgow AH score (GAHS), Lille model, age, bilirubin, INR, creatinine (ABIC) score, Model of End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) (including its modifications), and UK End-Stage Liver Disease (UKELD) scores were calculated. We evaluated at 30 days, 90 days, 6 months and 1-year outcome. Prognostic utility of the various scores were determined by generating a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). <h3>Results</h3> Of 140 subjects who had transjugular liver biopsy in the study period, 44 had histological evidence of AH. In this subgroup cumulative 30-day mortality was 11.4% (5/44), 90-day mortality was 13.9% (6/43), 6-month mortality was 21.9% (9/41) and 1-year mortality was 26.8% (11/41). Abstract 058 gives the area under ROC curve (AUROC) and 95% CI for the various scoring systems for predicting short and long-term mortality. Abstinence from alcohol (in the first 3 months after diagnosis of AH) was significantly associated with survival at 1 year (p&lt;0.05) and predicted survival with an AUROC of 0.83 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.95) <h3>Conclusion</h3> Most scoring systems with the exception of the C-P score appear to be similar in predicting the short-term (30 and 90 days) survival in patients with AH, but were uniformly poor at predicting survival beyond 6 months. Abstinence from drinking within the first 3 months is a better predictor of survival at 1 year.
Abstract 8401: Switching of Hif-{alpha} Isoforms is Critical in the Resolution of Inflammation
Authors: Norihiko Takeda, Hajime Abe, Hiroaki Senba, Randall Johnson, Ichiro Manabe, Ryozo Nagai
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Hypoxia is a pathological condition in which the tissue is deprived of adequate oxygen supply. It occurs in myocardial ischemia, cardiac hypertrophy and atherosclerosis, and accelerates the inflamm...