tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Barrett's esophagus as a marker for increased risk for esophageal cancer and cardiorespiratory disease
Authors: S. Schoppmann, R. Asari, M. Riegler
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

We read with interest the article by Caygill et al. [1], titled “Mortality in Barrett’s esophagus: three decades of experience at a single center,” published in a recent issue of Endoscopy. Barrett’s esophagus results from gastroesophageal reflux and is predisposed to progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma via a sequence involving low grade and high grade dysplasia [2]. Caygill et al. [1] compared mortality, from 1978 to 2009, among persons with Barrett’s esophagus against that of the general population. Most importantly, the authors found that esophageal adenocarcinoma-related mortality of those with Barrett’s esophagus was 25-fold greater (annual cancer risk 0.43 %), compared with that of the general population and showed a male predominance. Furthermore, the majority of those with Barrett’s esophagus died from noncancer causes (cardiorespiratory). There was no difference regarding deaths due to nonesophageal cancers (colorectal etc.). The question remains of whether the data from the study contribute to more adequately characterize those who would profit from removal of Barrett’s esophagus before the development of dysplasia and cancer.
A new approach to authorship: A farce since the dawn of time
Authors: Somprakas Basu
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

The authorship issue has been a farce since the dawn of medical writing, simply because there are many in the medical profession who are unable to produce original work or synthesize texts attractive enough for publication; yet they are very good clinicians and are assets for their institutions. Accordingly, the ghost authorship arises and the process becomes self-explanatory. I personally do not understand the logic behind a stringent authorship criteria for qualification as an author.1 What is more important for the industry? Is it a good scientist or a clinician, or rather a person with good imagination, application and excellent writing skills? Again, who is more important, a person with excellent surgical skills, or the one who has efficiently mastered the skills for passing a study through an Institutional Review Board, or obtain fat grants? Who came first - was it the clinician or the author? Only few of us are innovators. The combination of the above in a single person is not so common. So why not combine different people different skills?

I fail to understand the harm in including a person's name who may have contributed even intellectually in a study, or in preparation of a manuscript. One or two people always do the main job. Why not frame a policy to recognize their work in a way which is slightly better than at present? They may be given more credentials as principal authors through some policy which adequately defines and recognizes their contribution.

The pressure of ‘publish or perish’ can have devastating effects. The more stringent the law, the more dubious is the style to bypass it. It is time we understand the basic problem and adjust. In my opinion, a fair policy which recognizes the principal author is a better way to calibrate his credential rather than imposing sanctions for authorship on the other members of the team.
O116 HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN (HBsAg) LEVELS DIFFER ACROSS HBV GENOTYPE AND PHENOTYPE: RESULTS FROM THE ADULT COHORT STUDY OF THE NIDDK-SPONSORED HEPATITIS B RESEARCH NETWORK
Authors: W.P. Brouwer, Y.K. Cloonan, J.J. Feld, R.P. Perrillo, M.W. Fried, D.K. Wong, H.L.A. Janssen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Coronary Bypass Surgery with Internal-Thoracic-Artery Grafts — Effects on Survival over a 15-Year Period
Authors: Airlie Cameron, Kathryn B. Davis, George Green, Hartzell V. Schaff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Aortocoronary bypass surgery has been performed most often with the patient's saphenous vein as the conduit. The internal-thoracic-artery graft, which has superior patency rates, has been shown to have clinical advantages, but it is not known how long these advantages persist.
Relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia is associated with a decrease of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and loss of spontaneous caspase-3 processing in vivo
Authors: A Prokop, T Wieder, I Sturm, F Eβmann, K Seeger, C Wuchter, W-D Ludwig, G Henze, B Dörken, PT Daniel
Journal: Leukemia (2000)
EPA's Passive Smoke Assessment: Where Is It?
Authors: T. Reynolds
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article EPA's Passive Smoke Assessment: Where Is It? Get access Tom Reynolds Tom Reynolds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 7, April 1992, Pages 480–481, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.7.480 Published: 01 April 1992
THU0397 Clinical Presentation and Characterization of Neurosarcoidosis: Analysis in 719 Patients (Sarcogeas-Semi Registry)
Authors: P. Brito Zeron, J. Mañá, R. Pérez-Alvarez, S. Retamozo, H. Gheitasi, J. Fernández-Martín, M. Pérez-de-Lis, X. Bosch, M. Ramos-Casals
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To analyze the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with neurological involvement related to sarcoidosis. <h3>Methods</h3> In May 2013, the Study Group on Autoimmune Diseases (GEAS-SEMI) created the national registry of patients with sarcoidosis (SARCOGEAS-SEMI Registry). Patients presenting with neurological features were specifically evaluated. <h3>Results</h3> In December 2013, a total of 719 patients with sarcoidosis were included in the SARCOGEAS-SEMI Registry; 52 (7.2%) had neurosarcoidosis, 22 men and 30 women, with a mean age at diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis of 50.1 years (range 23-84 years). The main neurological involvement consisted of cranial neuropathies in 27 (52%) patients, followed by CNS involvement in 23 (44%), peripheral neuropathies in 6 (10%) and muscular involvement in 4 (8%). The most frequent cranial neuropathies included involvement of VII pair (17 cases) followed by VIII pair (5 cases) and V and VI pairs (4 cases each); other cranial nerves affected included IX (n=3), III (n=3), XI (n=2), I (n=1), II (n=1) and XII (n=1); 12/27 (44%) patients showed multiple cranial neuropathies. With respect to CNS involvement, meningeal involvement (15%) and vascular/demyelinating lesions (10%) were the most frequent involvements; other features consisted of parenchymatous cerebral lesions (n=4), encephalopathy (n=4), hypothalamic involvement (n=3), seizures (n=2) and hydrocephalia (n=1). All patients received corticosteroids (10 received methylprednisolone pulses) and 9 immunosuppressants (methotrexate in 5, azathioprine in 4, cyclophosphamide in 2). One patient refractory to standard therapy was treated with infliximab. Nearly half the cases showed improvement or stabilization (46%), 34% showed complete resolution, 16% worsened and 4% died. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Nearly 10% of patients with sarcoidosis present with neurological involvement. The main involvement of neurosarcoidosis consisted of cranial neuropathies in half the cases. Twenty percent of patients showed a worse outcome, with a mortality rate of 4%. Neurological involvement is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with sarcoidosis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> : None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5374
Abstract 750: Identification of tumor antigens in transgenic mouse model as vaccine targets for the prevention of human breast cancer
Authors: Jianning Mao, Mei Wu, Ekram Gad, Hailing Lu, Mary Disis
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The development of a vaccine to prevent breast cancer would be facilitated if tumor antigens were identified which were associated with the initiation of the malignant transformation. Transgenic mouse models have been proven to demonstrate a similar antigenic repertoire as that seen in breast cancer patients, therefore, we propose to use these models to identify tumor antigens as vaccine targets for breast cancer prevention. We have chosen two mouse models: TgMMTV-neu and TgC3(1)-Tag for study. TgMMTV-neu mouse has a genotype similar to luminal breast cancer and the TgC3(1)-Tag model reflects a basal phenotype of breast cancer. We identified potential vaccine candidate antigens in one of two ways; (1) determining which proteins expressed by the cancer are immunogenic very early in the malignant process by screening pre-diagnostic sera for immunogenicity against tumor cDNA libraries, and (2) injecting parental animals with a syngeneic tumor cell line resulting in “tumor rejection” which we have shown previously is mediated by T cells. To date, we have identified nine pre-diagnostic tumor antigens in TgMMTV-neu mouse; Rpl5, TNFaip3/A20, Pdhx, Otud6b, Stk39, Zfp238, Dnajc10, Lgals8 and Vps35. Moreover, we have identified four rejection antigens in TgC3(1)-Tag mouse; Ddx21, Sfrs11, Edh1 and Tdg. We have initiated vaccination experiments to examine the anti-tumor effect of vaccination with plasmids encoding these antigens. We found that vaccination targeting Ddx21, Dnajc10, and Pdhx mediated tumor growth inhibition in implant models compared with a control group (p&amp;lt;0.01). Our preliminary studies also demonstrate that several of the proteins are immunogenic in humans and we have identified putative promiscuous class II epitopes suitable for screening human PBMC for T cells specific to these proteins. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 750. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-750
Biphasic changes in maximum relaxation rate during progressive hypoxia in isometric kitten papillary muscle and isovolumic rabbit ventricle.
Authors: M G Sutton, E L Ritman, N F Paradise
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

We studied the effects of graded hypoxia on mechanical performance of cardiac ventricular muscle by producing controlled, stepwise decreases in partial pressure of oxygen (Po 2 ) in the medium bathing the kitten papillary muscle preparation and in the perfusate of the Langendorffprepared rabbit heart.For kitten papillary muscle at 30°C and with stimulation rate at 30/min, maximum rate of contraction (+dT/dtm M ) and maximum rate of relaxation (-dT/dtm.*)were 184 ± 10 inN/mm 2 per sec and 162 ± 12 mN/mm 2 per sec, respectively, during control conditions with Po 2 at 634 ± 7 mm Hg.Step decreases in Po 2 from 634 mm Hg produced decreases in steady state -dT/dtmu, that were significantly greater than corresponding decreases in +dT/dt ma », except at the lowest Po 2 .When Po 2 (mm Hg ± SE) was 411 ± 10, 218 ± 4, and 92 ± 3, steady state +dT/dt mM vs. -dT/dt™, (expressed as % of pre-hypoxia control value ± SE) were: 97 ± 4 vs. 85 ± 7, 76 ± 5 vs. 59 ± 6, and 47 ± 5 vs. 28 ± 4, respectively.When the lowest Po 2 of 34 ± 6 mm Hg was achieved, considerable shortening of the duration of the mechanical cycle occurred, and values for +dT/dtm«x and -dT/dtma, (expressed as % of pre-hypoxia control value ± SE) of 28 ± 7 and 21 ± 7, respectively, were not significantly different.Graded hypoxia similarly affected left ventricular isovolumic pressure developed by the coronary perfused rabbit heart.In both preparations, changes in relaxation relative to changes in contraction during progressive hypoxia were biphasic: decreases in maximum relaxation rate were disproportionately greater than decreases in maximum contraction rate with intermediate hypoxia, but the proportionality was restored when severe hypoxia produced a decrease in cycle duration.
PTU-240 Improving outcomes of endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography with the use of new techniques in a district general hospital setting
Authors: N Owen, B Macfarlane, A King, A Leahy
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Outcomes of endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) performed at West Hertfordshire Hospital NHS Trust (WHHT) in 2007 and 2011 were compared. The 2011 data followed introduction of the techniques of wire-guided cannulation and balloon sphincteroplasty. Outcomes measured included successful biliary cannulation on first ever ERCP, the use of precut, successful stenting of strictures, stone extraction and post ERCP pancreatitis rates. The number of referrals to a tertiary centre due to failed ERCP in both years was also calculated. The outcomes were compared with national data from the BSG ERCP audit of 2007.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Methods</h3> Local data were obtained from all ERCP performed at WHHT in the years 2007 and 2011. Success of cannulation, precut use, successful stenting and stone extraction was collected from electronic ERCP reports. Post ERCP pancreatitis rates were obtained by confirming hyperamylasaemia post ERCP of at least three times the upper limit of normal requiring admission to hospital or prolongation of planned admission of ≥2 nights, as per the BSG 2007 Audit definitions.<sup>1</sup> Similar national outcomes were taken from the BSG 2007 Audit.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Results</h3> Results are summarised below: A Fisher9s exact test was performed to compare data. A statistically significant difference was found between the 2007 and 2011 groups (p value &lt;0.01) when comparing successful stone extraction. Tertiary centre referrals due to failed ERCP fell from 12 in 2007 to 4 in 2011. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The introduction of wire-guided cannulation has maintained high success rates of biliary cannulation with a reduction in post ERCP pancreatitis, as observed in previous studies.<sup>2</sup> Following adopting the technique of balloon sphincteroplasty there has been a statistically significant improvement in the success of stone extraction. A subsequent reduction in referrals to tertiary centres for failed ERCP has also been observed. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>References</h3> 1. <b>Williams EJ</b>, Taylor S, Fairclough P, <i>et al.</i> Are we meeting the standards set for endoscopy? Results of a large-scale prospective survey of endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatograph practice. <i>Gut</i> 2007;<b>56</b>:821–9. 2. <b>Artifon EL</b>, Sakai P, Cunha JE, <i>et al.</i> Guidewire cannulation reduces risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis and facilitates bile duct cannulation. <i>Am J Gastroenterol</i> 2007;<b>102</b>:2147–53.
Community Transmission of Oseltamivir-Resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 Influenza
Authors: Aeron C. Hurt, Kate Hardie, Noelene J. Wilson, Yi-Mo Deng, Maggi Osbourn, B.N., Grad.Dip.Legal Studies, Nicole Gehrig, Anne Kelso
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Community circulation of an oseltamivir-resistant strain of the novel pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus has been identified in Australia.
Abstract 5420: Multi-targeted approach for inhibiting pancreatic tumor growth <i>in vivo</i> consistent with <i>in vitro</i> results
Authors: Shadan Ali, Sanjeev Banerjee, Jacqueline M. Schaffert, Bassel F. El-Rayes, Philip A. Philip, Fazlul H. Sarkar
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Inactivation of survival pathways such as NF-κB, cyclooxygenase (COX-2) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling individually may not be sufficient for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer (PC). Since these pathways are well known in the pathogenesis and aggressiveness of PC, we hypothesized that a multitargeted approach for the inhibition of NF-κB, COX-2 and EGFR may therefore be useful to improve the outcome of anti-EGFR therapies and will also potentiate the anti-tumor effects of gemcitabine. In this study, we determined the cell viability in seven PC cell lines with 3,3′-diindolylmethane (B-DIM), erlotinib or gemcitabine alone or in combination using MTT assay. Significant inhibition in cell viability and induction in apoptosis was observed in PC cells expressing high levels of COX-2, EGFR, and NF-κB proteins. A significant down-regulation in the expression of COX-2, NF-κB and EGFR in BxPC-3, COLO-357 and HPAC cells was observed, suggesting that multi-targeting of EGFR, NF-κB and COX-2 is more effective than targeting either signaling pathway separately. Most importantly, our in vivo results using animal model showed that B-DIM in combination with erlotinib and gemcitabine was significantly more effective than individual agents and these results were consistent with in vitro findings. Based on our pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo results, we conclude that this multi-targeted combination could be developed for the treatment of PC patients whose tumors express high levels of COX-2, EGFR and NF-κB. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5420.
Book Review No Longer Patient: Feminist Ethics and Health Care By Susan Sherwin. 286 pp. Philadelphia, Temple University Press, 1992. $39.95. 0-87722-889-2 Women and Doctors: A Physician's Explosive Account of Women's Medical Treatment -- And Mistreatment -- In America Today and What You Can Do about It By John M. Smith. 241 pp. New York, Atlantic Monthly Press, 1992. $20.95. 1-56023-005-3
Authors: Kathleen Nolan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)
A9.4 Flt3L-Dependent CD103+ DC are Crucial for the Initiation and Maintenance of Collagen-Induced Arthritis
Authors: M Inês Ramos, Saida Aarrass, SE Jacobsen, Paul P Tak, M Cristina Lebre
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous population of antigen-sensing and-presenting cells that play an important role for the initiation of protective and pathogenic immunity. Flt3L is a growth factor that can drive DC development from bone marrow (BM) progenitors and it is crucial for steady-state DC maintenance. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) induction requires dermal DC uptake, processing, migration and presentation of antigen to lymph node (LN) T cells. The objective of this study was to find the mechanism of protection in CIA observed in mice lacking Flt3L (Flt3L<sup>-/-</sup>). <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> CIA was induced in Flt3L<sup>-/-</sup> and WT littermates. The severity of the arthritis was assessed using an established semiquantitative scoring system (0–4). In vitro uptake and migration was assessed by using BM-DC (differentiated with GM-CSF for 9 days). OVA-FITC was injected intradermally in Flt3L<sup>-/-</sup> and WT animals, after 36 h LNs were collected and the number of FITC positive cells was determined. Antigen presentation was studied by adoptive transfer of CFSE-labelled OT-I or OT-II T cells + OVA (i.d.) into Flt3L<sup>-/-</sup> and WT animals. After 3 days LNs were collected and T cell proliferation was analysed by CFSE dilution. <h3>Results</h3> Flt3L<sup>-/-</sup> mice (steady-state) have severe reductions in DC populations in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. Flt3L<sup>-/-</sup> mice are protected from CIA showing impaired T and B cell responses. Flt3L<sup>-/-</sup> mice have reduced dermal CD11b+ DCs and CD103+ DCs are almost absent. In addition, the amount of DCs carrying antigen reaching the LN in Flt3L<sup>-/-</sup> mice was reduced compared with WT. In vitro and in vivo experiments using BMDCs demonstrated that Flt3L<sup>-/-</sup> BMDCs have the same capacity to uptake and migrate as WT BMDCs. Moreover, adoptive transfer of OT-I and OT-II T cells + OVA in Flt3L<sup>-/-</sup> mice resulted in a dramatic reduction of total cell proliferation and more importantly less divisions compared with WT animals. FACS analysis of WT and Flt3L<sup>-/-</sup> mice synovium at the acute phase of CIA showed that CD11b+ DC are present and increased in arthritic animals compared with immunised but not arthritic animals. CD103+ DC are only present in WT animals, and increased in animals with a high clinical score. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data shows that antigen presentation in Flt3L<sup>-/-</sup> mice is impaired. As CD103+ DC are important in presenting and cross-presenting antigens our data reveals an important role for CD103+ DC in both induction and maintenance of CIA. Specifically targeting CD103+ DC could provide a novel antirheumatic strategy.
IT-07 * COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF pDCs AND mDCs FOR DENDRITIC CELL BASED VACCINE STRATEGY FOR MALIGNANT GLIOMA
Authors: M. Dey, A. Chang, D. Wainwright, A. Ahmed, Y. Han, M. Lesniak
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Dendritic cells (DC) constitute a family of antigen-presenting cells defined by their unique capacity to process antigens and to present them to naïve T cells and activate specific type of immune response. This decisive role in inducing immunity was the rationale for DC–based immunotherapy, in which DC loaded with tumor antigens were injected into patients with cancer to stimulate T cells to eradicate various tumors, including gliomas. Because of the limited number of naturally circulating DC, virtually all vaccination studies have used DCs differentiated ex vivo from monocytes or CD34+ progenitors. However, these artificial DCs are less effective than their natural counterparts in mounting effective anti-tumor immunity. Two major subsets of natural circulating DCs are: plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs). In a GL261ova mouse model of glioma we compared the ability of mDCs and pDCs to generate effective anti-glioma immunity and characterized the type of immune response generated by the two distinct sets of DCs. We show that mature pDCs and mDCs isolated from naïve mice can be effectively activated and loaded with siinfekl antigen in vitro. Upon intra-dermal infection in the hind leg, a fraction of both type of DCs migrate to the brain in tumor bearing mice. Compared to mice vaccinated with pDC or control mice, mice vaccinated with mDCs generated a robust Th1 type immune response, characterized by high frequency of CD4 + Tbet+ T-cells and CD8 + Siinfekel+ T-cells in the brain of the tumor bearing mice. This robust anti-tumor T-cell response resulted in tumor eradication and long-term survival in 90% of the animals. Thus we show that mDCs are better at generating effective anti-glioma response compared to pDCs and thus vaccine based on naturally occurring mDCs can significantly improve the efficacy of DC based immunotherapy.