tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diminished Perception of Inspiratory-Resistive Loads in Insulin-Dependent Diabetics
Authors: C R O'Donnell, L S Friedman, J H Russomanno, R M Rose
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Diabetes mellitus is known to be associated with impaired perception of sensory input from organs such as the heart. To determine whether diabetics have a diminished ability to perceive respiratory sensations, we compared the abilities of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (n = 17) and nondiabetic controls (n = 13) to detect inspiratory-resistive loads. The subjects were evaluated as they breathed through a tube-manifold apparatus with resistance that was varied randomly. They indicated whenever they perceived increased resistance to inspiration. The threshold for detecting added inspiratory resistance was expressed as a fraction of the background resistance of the subject plus that of the apparatus. This fraction, known as the Weber fraction, was 0.53 +/- 0.19 (mean +/- SD) in diabetics with neuropathy, 0.38 +/- 0.24 in diabetics without neuropathy, and 0.29 +/- 0.15 in nondiabetic controls. The differences in the mean value of the Weber fraction among the three groups were significantly different from zero (F = 4.57, P less than 0.025). There was not a significant correlation between the Weber fraction and age, degree of autonomic dysfunction, pulmonary function, cigarette smoking, or degree of diabetic control. The Weber fraction correlated with the duration of diabetes (r = 0.57, P less than 0.02). We conclude that patients with insulin-dependent diabetes may have an impaired ability to perceive inspiratory-resistive loads. This increased threshold for the perception of respiratory sensations may lead to delayed recognition of pulmonary disease in diabetics.
A Prediction Rule to Identify Low-Risk Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Michael J. Fine, Thomas E. Auble, Donald M. Yealy, Barbara H. Hanusa, Lisa A. Weissfeld, Daniel E. Singer, Christopher M. Coley, Thomas J. Marrie, Wishwa N. Kapoor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

There is considerable variability in rates of hospitalization of patients with community-acquired pneumonia, in part because of physicians' uncertainty in assessing the severity of illness at presentation.From our analysis of data on 14,199 adult inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia, we derived a prediction rule that stratifies patients into five classes with respect to the risk of death within 30 days. The rule was validated with 1991 data on 38,039 inpatients and with data on 2287 inpatients and outpatients in the Pneumonia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT) cohort study. The prediction rule assigns points based on age and the presence of coexisting disease, abnormal physical findings (such as a respiratory rate of > or = 30 or a temperature of > or = 40 degrees C), and abnormal laboratory findings (such as a pH <7.35, a blood urea nitrogen concentration > or = 30 mg per deciliter [11 mmol per liter] or a sodium concentration <130 mmol per liter) at presentation.There were no significant differences in mortality in each of the five risk classes among the three cohorts. Mortality ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 percent for class I patients (P=0.22), from 0.6 to 0.7 percent for class II (P=0.67), and from 0.9 to 2.8 percent for class III (P=0.12). Among the 1575 patients in the three lowest risk classes in the Pneumonia PORT cohort, there were only seven deaths, of which only four were pneumonia-related. The risk class was significantly associated with the risk of subsequent hospitalization among those treated as outpatients and with the use of intensive care and the number of days in the hospital among inpatients.The prediction rule we describe accurately identifies the patients with community-acquired pneumonia who are at low risk for death and other adverse outcomes. This prediction rule may help physicians make more rational decisions about hospitalization for patients with pneumonia.
Abstract 4139: Clinical evaluation of microRNA expression profiling in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Athina N. Markou, Panagiotis A. Vorkas, Ioanna Sourvinou, George M. Yousef, Evi S. Lianidou
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract CONTEXT: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. miRNAs play an important role in tumorigenesis since they have functions similar to oncogene or tumor suppressors and represent a new class of powerful tools for cancer prevention and therapeutics. Especially circulating miRNAs in plasma seem to be very promising novel tumor biomarkers, since their expression is correlated to diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of response to treatment. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to evaluate mature miRNAs as novel tumor biomarkers in NSCLC, by exploring global expression profile of miRNAs in NSCLC paired fresh tissues and corresponding plasma samples. METHODS: FlexmiR bead array (Luminex) assay was utilized for miRNA expression profiling in 21 surgically removed NSCLC fresh tissues and their corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissues. According to our FlexmiR results, evaluated by three different statistical approaches, 23 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed. Our FlexmiR experiments were validated for four of these microRNAs in 40 paired NSCLC and matched corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissues by Taqman RT-qPCR microRNA assays (Applied Biosystems). Moreover, total RNA was extracted from 37 corresponding plasma samples and miR-21 expression was quantitated by RT-qPCR. RESULTS: 23 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in NSCLC by the FlexmiR assay. Four of these, miR-21, miR-126*, miR-30d and miR-451, were further evaluated by quantitative RT-qPCR. The expression level of miR-21 was significantly higher in NSCLC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues (P=0.002); while miR-126* (P=0.000), miR-30d (P=0.000) and miR-451 (P=0.000) were down-regulated in NSCLC. Interestingly, high miR-21 expression and low miR-126* and miR-30d expression were associated with disease free survival (P=0.027, P= 0.047 and P=0.048 respectively). Levels of circulating miR-21 in plasma of NSCLC patients were significantly higher in NSCLC than in healthy volunteers (P=0.003). Circulating miR-21 in plasma was found to be an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC (P=0.019). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4139. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4139
JUICIO DEL ENDOSCOPISTA FRENTE A INDICES PRONÓSTICOS EN LA PREDICCIÓN DE RECIDIVA Y MORTALIDAD POR ULCUS SANGRANTE TRAS TRATAMIENTO ENDOSCÓPICO. RESULTADOS DE UN ESTUDIO PROSPECTIVO Y MULTICÉNTRICO
Authors: P García-Iglesias, E Brullet, X Calvet, M Papo, M Planella, F Junquera, E Martinez-Bauer, S Montoliu, A Pardo, R Ballester, M Casas, A Villoria, V Puig-Diví, M Miquel, M Vergara, R Campo
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Introducción: Las guías clínicas de hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA) recomiendan el uso de índices pronósticos para la estimación del riesgo de recidiva y mortalidad, y estratificación de los pacientes. Se desconoce sin embargo, si dichos índices son superiores al juicio clínico del endoscopista. Objetivo: Comparar la precisión de los índices pronósticos de Rockall, Baylor, Cedars-Sinai y Blatchford frente al juicio clínico del endoscopista en la predicción de recidiva y mortalidad en la HDA por úlcera péptica (UP) tras tratamiento endoscópico. Material y método: Durante un período de 4 años se incluyeron 401 pacientes con HDA por UP en los 3 centros participantes. Todos los pacientes se trataron con IBP i.v., y se realizó endoscopia dentro de las 12 horas siguientes al ingreso. Se practicó tratamiento endoscópico combinado (inyección de adrenalina más polidocanol o clip) en 228 pacientes con UP de alto riesgo. Tras la endoscopia, el endoscopista clasificó a los pacientes según su juicio clínico como de riesgo alto-medio-bajo. Posteriormente se calcularon los valores de los otros índices pronósticos para cada paciente. Finalmente se calcularon las curvas ROC, sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivo positivo (VPP) y negativo (VPN) para recidiva y mortalidad de cada índice pronóstico y juicio del endoscopista. Resultados: Las tasas de recidiva y mortalidad fueron 17,1% (39/228) y 4,8% (11/228) respectivamente. Las comparaciones entre el juicio clínico del endoscopista y los diferentes modelos matemáticos se muestran las tablas. Predicción de Recidiva Juicio endoscopista Rockall Cedars-Sinai Baylor Blatchford Sensibilidad (%) 82 74 85 49 67 Especificidad (%) 33 41 18 55 57 VPP (%) 20 21 18 18 24 VPN (%) 90 89 85 84 89 Area bajo curva ROC 0.636 0.580 0.593 0.564 0.635 Predicción de Mortalidad Juicio endoscopista Rockall Cedars-Sinai Baylor Blatchford Sensibilidad (%) 100, 100, 100, 63, 73. Especificidad (%) 65, 21, 18, 55, 74VPP (%) 13, 6, 6, 7, 8. VPN (%) 100, 100, 100, 97, 98. Area bajo curva ROC 0,842; 0,825; 0,717; 0,782 y 0,777. Conclusión: Los resultados del estudio sugieren que los modelos matemáticos disponibles no son mejores que el juicio clínico del endoscopista para la predicción de recidiva. Además, tanto el juicio clínico como los modelos no identifican entre un 10% y 16% de pacientes que resangran tras tratamiento endoscópico. Es preciso el desarrollo de modelos más precisos para predicción de recidiva en pacientes con HDAxUP tras tratamiento endoscópico.
Combined Inhibition of DNMT and HDAC Blocks the Tumorigenicity of Cancer Stem-like Cells and Attenuates Mammary Tumor Growth
Authors: Rajneesh Pathania, Sabarish Ramachandran, Gurusamy Mariappan, Priyanka Thakur, Huidong Shi, Jeong-Hyeon Choi, Santhakumar Manicassamy, Ravindra Kolhe, Puttur D. Prasad, Suash Sharma, Bal L. Lokeshwar, Vadivel Ganapathy, Muthusamy Thangaraju
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Recently, impressive technical advancements have been made in the isolation and validation of mammary stem cells and cancer stem cells (CSC), but the signaling pathways that regulate stem cell self-renewal are largely unknown. Furthermore, CSCs are believed to contribute to chemo- and radioresistance. In this study, we used the MMTV-Neu-Tg mouse mammary tumor model to identify potential new strategies for eliminating CSCs. We found that both luminal progenitor and basal stem cells are susceptible to genetic and epigenetic modifications, which facilitate oncogenic transformation and tumorigenic potential. A combination of the DNMT inhibitor 5-azacytidine and the HDAC inhibitor butyrate markedly reduced CSC abundance and increased the overall survival in this mouse model. RNA-seq analysis of CSCs treated with 5-azacytidine plus butyrate provided evidence that inhibition of chromatin modifiers blocks growth-promoting signaling molecules such as RAD51AP1 and SPC25, which play key roles in DNA damage repair and kinetochore assembly. Moreover, RAD51AP1 and SPC25 were significantly overexpressed in human breast tumor tissues and were associated with reduced overall patient survival. In conclusion, our studies suggest that breast CSCs are intrinsically sensitive to genetic and epigenetic modifications and can therefore be significantly affected by epigenetic-based therapies, warranting further investigation of combined DNMT and HDAC inhibition in refractory or drug-resistant breast cancer. Cancer Res; 76(11); 3224-35. ©2016 AACR.
Induction therapy by frequent administration of doxorubicin with four other drugs, followed by intensive consolidation and maintenance therapy for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the JALSG-ALL93 study
Authors: J Takeuchi, T Kyo, K Naito, H Sao, M Takahashi, S Miyawaki, K Kuriyama, S Ohtake, F Yagasaki, H Murakami, N Asou, T Ino, T Okamoto, N Usui, M Nishimura, K Shinagawa, T Fukushima, H Taguchi, T Morii, S Mizuta, H Akiyama, Y Nakamura, T Ohshima, R Ohno
Journal: Leukemia (2002)
RELATIONSHIP OF INFLAMMATORY MARKERS WITH MYOCARDIAL AND MICROVASCULAR INJURY IN REPERFUSED ST- ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Martin Reindl, Sebastian Reinstadler, Hans-Josef Feistritzer, Gert Klug, Agnes Mayr, Wolfgang-Michael Franz, Bernhard Metzler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Abstract 3876: Study the role of HEYL in breast tumorigenesis
Authors: Liangfeng Han, Saraswati Sukumar
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract HEYL is a basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factor in the HEY family. It is the direct target of Notch pathway and mainly functions in cardiovascular development. The functions of HEYL in cancer have not been studied. In this study, we tested whether HEYL has a direct effect on promoting breast tumorigenesis. Overexpression of HEYL in NIH3T3 cells resulted in transformation of the cells in vivo. Breast cancer cell lines with exogenous HEYL expression showed accelerated cell growth in vitro and in vivo. On the contrary, the reduction of HEYL expression in MDA-MB-231 cells retarded tumor growth in vivo. Consistent with its oncogenic activity, HEYL is found to be overexpressed in 40% of breast cancers. Overall, these data indicated a role of HEYL in enhancing breast cancer development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3876. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3876
Can Carey answer Quine?
Authors: Christopher S. Hill
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract In order to defend her claim that the concept object is biologically determined, Carey must answer Quine's gavagai argument, which purports to show that mastery of any concept with determinate reference presupposes a substantial repertoire of logical concepts. I maintain that the gavagai argument withstands the experimental data that Carey provides, but that it yields to an a priori argument.
Hemangiomas in Children
Authors: Beth A. Drolet, Nancy B. Esterly, Ilona J. Frieden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Hemangiomas are the most common soft-tissue tumors of infancy, occurring in approximately 5 to 10 percent of one-year-old children. Despite the frequency of these tumors, their pathogenesis is not completely understood, and the best approach to their management remains controversial. Research on angiogenesis, an improved knowledge of the classification of the vascular anomalies of infancy, advances in imaging techniques, recently identified complications, and new therapeutic approaches, such as treatment with interferon and lasers, have altered our understanding of this common childhood problem and the way we approach it.The term hemangioma has traditionally been applied to a variety of vascular . . .
Abstract 2100: Cancer biomarker research using castPCR technology
Authors: Yun Bao, Bonnie Ching, Mokang Mouanoutoua, Wang Yu, David Keys, Sejal Desai, Junko Stevens
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cancer Biomarkers have applications in the diagnosis, staging, prognosis and monitoring of disease progression, as well as in the predication and monitoring of drug response. Profiling and validation research tools are needed that exhibit the combined features of high sensitivity and high specificity for cancers. However, the sensitivity of molecular methods such as DNA sequencing and conventional genotyping in tumor samples is limited, typically ranging from 5-20%. We have recently developed TaqMan® Mutation Detection Assays using our competitive allele specific TaqMan® PCR (castPCR) technology for cancer biomarker research. castPCR assays were tested with &amp;gt;300 tumor research samples (either fresh/frozen or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples) and cell lines to assess mutation status. The results showed that castPCR technology can robustly detect mutations as low as 0.1% and has &amp;gt;99% concordance to other technologies including PCR-based technology and sequencing. In this study, a large panel of castPCR assays for AKT1, APC, BRAF, CTNNB1, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA, PTEN and TP53 genes were used for investigating somatic mutations in breast tumor research samples. Initially, 4 model FFPE cell lines were used to validate the assays. Mutant DNAs were titrated in the wild type DNAs from 50% to 0.1%. Mutations were identified down to 0.1% titration with high reproducibility. No false positives were found in non-tumor samples. The results obtained by castPCR assays for 20 breast tumor samples were concordant to those reported by other methods. Our data showed that castPCR technology provides an excellent tool for identifying cancer biomarkers or confirming potential cancer markers such as those obtained by next-generation sequencing and other technologies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2100. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2100
Lower Discharge Weight and Shortened Nursery Stay for Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Authors: Robert G. Dillard, Sheldon B. Korones
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Four hundred and ten infants whose birth weights were 2268 g or less were randomly assigned at birth to Group A (mean discharge weight of 2076 g) or Group B (mean discharge weight of 2295 g). The mean duration of nursery stay was 18.7 days for Group A and 25.4 days for Group B. Differences in weight gain between Groups A and B were not significant for infants who returned to the clinic at one and four weeks, and for those who returned at random during the same period. Eight of 183 Group A infants and 10 of 198 Group B infants were readmitted to the hospital within four weeks of discharge. It thus appears that, for this indigent population, the nursery stay can be shortened substantially (26 per cent) by reduction in the weight required for discharge, and that the resultant earlier discharge need not be associated with impaired weight gain or increased rate of hospital readmission.
Retroperitoneo-bronchial Fistula
Authors: A G Pitman, M J Kelly, H J Barton, B Risa, G I Snell, A T Kotsimbos, T J Williams
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

PITMAN, ALEX G. B.Med.Sci., M.B.B.S., F.R.A.N.Z.C.R.*; KELLY, MICHAEL J. M.B.B.S., F.R.A.C.P.*; BARTON, HOWARD J. D.App.Sci., N.M.T.*; RISA, BORGHILD B.App.Sci. (MEDRAD), N.M.T.*; SNELL, GREGORY I. M.B.B.S., F.R.A.C.P.†; KOTSIMBOS, A. THOMAS C. M.B.B.S., M.D., F.R.A.C.P.†; WILLIAMS, TREVOR J. M.B.B.S., F.R.A.C.P.† Author Information
Abstract 2553: A non-catalytic function of Rev1 in translesion DNA synthesis and mutagenesis is mediated by its stable interaction with Rad5
Authors: Lisha Kuang, Haiping Kou, Zhongwen Xie, Ying Zhou, Zhigang Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract DNA damage tolerance is a major cellular mechanism in response to unrepaired DNA lesions during replication. It allows replication to completion in the presence of DNA lesions that block replicative polymerases. Damage tolerance consists of two major mechanisms: template switching and translesion DNA synthesis. Translesion synthesis directly copies damaged sites of the DNA template during replication. Consequently, error-prone translesion synthesis constitutes the major mechanism of base damage-induced mutagenesis. In eukaryotes, translesion synthesis is carried out by the Rev1-Polα pathway. Rev1 possesses a dCMP transferase activity, and is a member of the Y family of DNA polymerases. Additionally, it is widely believed that Rev1 plays non-catalytic functions in translesion synthesis. However, the non-catalytic function of Rev1 is not clearly defined. Using the yeast model system, we have investigated non-catalytic functions of Rev1 in translesion synthesis and base damage-induced mutagenesis. Specifically, we examined the role of Rev1-Rad5 interaction in translesion synthesis of UV damage and a site-specific 1, N6-ethenoadenine (a DNA lesion of lipid peroxidation products). Although Rad5 is better known for its role in template switching, it stably interacts with Rev1. Interaction domains in the Rev1 and Rad5 proteins were defined. Translesion synthesis and mutagenesis required Rad5 in cells. Disrupting the Rev1-Rad5 interaction by mutating Rev1 did not affect the dCMP transferase of Rev1, but led to inactivation of the translesion synthesis pathway. These results show that Rad5 is an indispensible component of the Rev1-Pol ≤ pathway for translesion synthesis and base damage-induced mutagenesis, and a non-catalytic function of Rev1 in translesion DNA synthesis is mediated by its stable interaction with Rad5. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2553. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2553
Obstetrics and Pakistani women [letter]
Authors: Sami Ar
Journal: BMJ (1989)

It may be possible to explain in part the low incidence of the sudden infant death syndrome among Asian families in Britain by their high incidence of iron deficiency.  The serum ferritin concentration in cardiac blood taken soon after death and at intervals afterwards was measured.  Sodium azide was added to the serum which was frozen at -20 degrees Centigrade ferritin assay.  Serum ferritin concentrations were unstable after death rising rapidly even in the absence of hemolysis.  In 1 case the serum ferritin rose from 500 mcg/1 at 3 hours to 11000 mcg/1 at 24 hours so comparison with serum from live control infants would not have been reliable.  The concentration of iron in the liver of 17 cot death victims also was measured.  Samples of liver (right lobe) were obtained at necropsy.  After dilution iron was determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry.  Hepatic iron concentration decreased with the infants age but the values obtained were considerably higher than expected.  A table provides the clinical details and hepatic iron concentration in 17 cot death victims.  Excess iron intake may be implicated in the sudden infant death syndrome in several ways.  In the presence of vitamin E and selenium deficiency an imbalance between the pro-oxidant action of iron and the protective antioxidant action of vitamin E and selenium may damage lipid membranes resulting in increased hemolysis of red cells increased permeability of blood vessels and damage to pulmonary capillary membranes causing the flooding of alveoli seen characteristically at necropsy in cot death victims.  High dietary iron increases susceptibility to bacterial infection and may inhibit the intestinal absorption of other trace elements such as zinc and magnesium both of which have been incriminated in the sudden infant death syndrome.  Mild nutritional zinc deficiency is more likely at the time of weaning is rare in breastfed infants and also is a cause of failure to thrive--3 factors also associated with cot deaths.  Some evidence exists that non-iron supplemented infants suffer fewer cot deaths.  The mean iron concentration in infant formulas is lowest in Sweden and the Netherlands where there are fewest cot deaths.