tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
S112 Estimating Participation Rates of COPD Patients in Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Self-Management Programmes: The Importance of Defining Participation
Authors: R Sohanpal, RL Hooper, R Hames, S Priebe, SJC Taylor
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Delivery of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) and self-management (SM) support programmes to patients living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is emphasised in national guidelines, but these interventions are not always routinely available. One potential explanation for the lack of implementation could be the poor patient participation and retention reported in the literature. We conducted a systematic review to determine a true estimate of participation and dropout rates. <h3>Methods</h3> Studies were identified from eight electronic databases including MEDLINE. Controlled clinical trials of structured SM, PR and health education (HE) programmes for COPD were included. Data extraction included <i>'participant flow'</i> data using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement and its extension to pragmatic trials. Patient <i>'participation rates'</i> (study participation rate (SPR), study dropout rate (SDR) and intervention dropout rate (IDR)) were calculated using prior definitions consistent with CONSORT Random effects logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine effects of four key study characteristics on participation rates. <h3>Results</h3> 56 quantitative studies (51 randomised controlled trials, three quasi-experimental and two before-after studies) evaluated PR (n=31), SM (n=21) and HE (n=4). Reports of participant flow were generally incomplete; <i>'numbers of potential participants identified'</i> were only available for 16%<i>,</i> and <i>'numbers assessed for eligibility'</i> for only 39% of studies. Although <i>'numbers eligible'</i> were better reported (77%), we were unable to calculate SPR for 23% of studies. Overall we found <i>'participation rates'</i> for studies (n=43) were higher than previous reports; only 19% of studies had less than 50% SPR and just over one third (34%) had a SPR of 100%; SDR and IDR were less than or equal to 30% for around 93% of studies. There was no evidence of effect of study characteristics on participation rates. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Unlike previous reports, we found high participation and low dropout rates in studies of PR or SM support for COPD Previous studies adopted different participation definitions; some reported proportions without stating definitions clearly, obscuring whether proportions referred to the study or the intervention. Clear, uniform definitions of patient participation in studies are needed to better inform the wider implementation of effective interventions.
PTH-072 Improving The Quality Of An Acute Gi Bleeding Service: Impact Of Interventions. Results Of Three Prospective Audits In A Tertiary Centre
Authors: SM Alam, N Chauhan, K Sager, A Bond, P Collins
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> National guidelines for the management of upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding exist and are based on conclusive evidence for effective clinical practice<sup>[1].</sup> A mortality rate in acute admissions of 7% was reported in a national audit of upper GI bleeding<sup>[2].</sup> This is an area of high volume, high risk and high cost where improvements can be made. <h3>Methods</h3> Three prospective audits of all acute admissions with upper GI bleed were undertaken for 4 week periods in 2009 (Audit 1), 2011 (Audit 2) and 2013 (Audit 3). After Audit 1, a new GI bleed proforma was introduced,a rolling,targeted educational programme for Accident and Emergency (AandE) and Medical Admissions Unit (AMAU) trainees was started,mandatory fields for risk scoring were included in the electronic requests and additional evening inpatient endoscopy lists were started. After Audit 2, Saturday and Sunday inpatient endoscopy lists were introduced and a dedicated endoscopy co-ordinator supervised triaging of patients to appropriate lists. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 115 patients were included in the three audits. 88% were admitted through AandE. There were no deaths and no patients underwent surgery in each of the three audit periods. 13% of all patients had lesions at endoscopy requiring therapy (6% band ligation for variceal bleeding, 7% endotherapy for peptic ulcer bleeding). The proportion of patients in whom a risk score was calculated in the 2009, 2011 and 2013 audits improved with each audit period with completion rates of 0%. 39% and 94%, respectively. (P &lt; 0.001 for comparison of 2009 to 2011, and 2011 to 2013). However, the risk scores were inaccurately calculated by the admitting doctors in 46% and 33% of cases in Audit 1 and Audit 2. The improvement in accuracy between the audit periods was not statistically significant (p = 0.64). There was a statistically significant improvement in the time from admission to endoscopy between the audit periods 2009 and 2013 (median 33.5 h (range 15 to 214 h) versus 23.25 h (range 1.5 to 92 h) (p = 0.0017). The proportion of patients having endoscopy within 24 h of admission improved between audit 1 and Audit 3 (23% and 46%, respectively (P = 0.04)). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Targeted interventions have been associated with incremental improvements in the quality of care for patients admitted acutely with acute GI bleeding in the last 4 years. Mortality rates have been consistently well below the national average. Further interventions will include targeted education to improve the accuracy of risk stratification of patients admitted with upper GI blood loss and changes to the mechanism of triage to inpatient endoscopy lists to improve the time from admission to endoscopy. <h3>References</h3> 1 NICE(Clinical guideline 141.) 2012 2 Hearnshaw SA, <i>et al</i>.<i> Gut</i> 2010;59:1022–1029 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Abstract LB-290: Glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis of gastric cancer
Authors: Young San Ko, Sung Jin Cho, Jiyeon Yoon, Mee Soo Chang, Byung Lan Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Objective: The mechanisms underlying angiogenesis in cancer are diverse. Although in vitro studies have shown that glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibits the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in several cancer cells, the implication of GSK-3β in cancer angiogenesis in vivo has not been shown. We examined the effects of GSK-3β on angiogenesis and human gastric cancer growth. Methods: Human gastric cancer cell lines SNU-638 and SNU-484 were stably transfected with either human wild-type (WT)-GSK-3β or kinase-dead (KD)-GSK-3β, and the effects of GSK-3β on tumor growth and angiogenesis were examined in in vivo experiments. Gastric cancer cells were injected into nude mice subcutaneously and the size of xenografted tumors was measured. The effects of GSK-3β inhibition on angiogenesis and HIF-1α activation were assessed by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In addition, GSK-3β effects on the HIF-1α degradation and synthesis were examined. Results: Xenografts in nude mice derived from stable gastric cell lines over-expressing KD-GSK-3β showed larger tumor volumes and higher microvessel density than those over-expressing WT-GSK-3β. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis using xenografted tumor tissues showed that KD-GSK-3β over-expression increased immunoreactivity for Ki-67, HIF-1α, VEGF or CD31 compared with WT-GSK-3β over-expression. In addition, KD-GSK-3β over-expression enhanced HIF-1α expression under hypoxic conditions at the translational level, but not under normoxic conditions. Conclusion: These results indicate that GSK-3β inhibits gastric tumor growth and angiogenesis by regulating the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in gastric cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. Our results suggest the potential usefulness of GSK-3β/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway to find molecular targets in gastric cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-290. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-290
ASSOCIATION OF EPICARDIAL ADIPOSE TISSUE WITH CARDIAC STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN PATIENTS REFERRED FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ABLATION
Authors: Samer Mowakeaa, Aline Iskandar, Tomas Tencer, Nada Esa, Seth Dahlberg, Gerard Aurigemma, David McManus, Timothy Fitzgibbons
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
ACUTE POSTPROCEDURAL RADIOFREQUENCY LESION ASSESSMENT WITH MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AFTER ABLATION OF ARRHYTHMIAS ARISING FROM THE LEFT VENTRICULAR SUMMIT: CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSMURAL PENETRATION
Authors: Roderick Tung, Daniel Brunengraber, John Moriarty, Kalyanam Shivkumar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Scintigraphic Detection of a Disseminated Synovial Lymphoma in a Postrenal Transplant Patient
Authors: SANJEEV BAGGA, SHIV M. GUPTA, WILLIAM JOHNS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease is a recognized complication of immunosuppressive therapy, however, articular lymphomas involving the synovium are very rare. Disseminated synovial lymphoma of the knee with hepatic involvement in a patient after renal transplant was suggested on bone/gallium scintigraphy and confirmed by synovial biopsy. Gallium scanning thus was instrumental in the evaluation, staging, and proper treatment of this rare condition.
Autoantibody to the Gastrin Receptor in Pernicious Anemia
Authors: Henry J. de Aizpurua, Berta Ungar, Ban-Hock Toh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

We examined serum IgG fractions from 20 patients with pernicious anemia and 25 control subjects for their capacity to inhibit binding of [125I]15-leu human gastrin-17 to parietal-cell-enriched gastric mucosal cells. IgG fractions from six patients reduced gastrin binding by 45.6 +/- 12.2 per cent, as compared with a reduction of 1.8 +/- 0.7 per cent by fractions from the 25 controls. The fractions from these six patients also reduced gastrin-stimulated [14C]aminopyrine uptake by gastric cells (an index of gastric acid secretory activity in vitro) by 50.2 +/- 8.4 per cent (mean +/- S.D.), as compared with 9.2 +/- 4.1 per cent for the controls. IgG fractions from six other patients that did not reduce gastrin binding also inhibited gastrin-stimulated [14C]aminopyrine uptake, by 48.1 +/- 9.1 per cent. These reductions in gastrin binding and aminopyrine uptake were abolished by absorption of the IgG fractions with suspensions of viable gastric mucosal cells but not by absorption with liver or kidney cells. The IgG fractions did not inhibit [3H]histamine binding or histamine-stimulated [14C]aminopyrine uptake. These results suggest that serum IgG from some patients with pernicious anemia contains autoantibodies to the gastrin receptor.
Lidocaine Kinetics Predicted by Indocyanine Green Clearance
Authors: Ruben A. Zito, Philip R. Reid
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

To evaluate the importance of hepatic blood flow in lidocaine kinetics, we compared indocyanine green clearance, an estimate of hepatic plasma flow, to lidocaine clearance in 26 patients, half with and half without congestive heart failure, who received a lidocaine infusion for 24 hours as clinically indicated. The results demonstrated that patients with congestive heart failure had significantly higher steady-state lidocaine levels (6.8 +/- 3.6(S.D.) vs. 2.9 +/- 0.9 microgram per milliliter, P less than 0.005) and reduced lidocaine clearance (3.8 +/- 1.4 vs. 10.9 +/- 3.1 ml per minute per kilogram, P less than 0.005) than patients without heart failure. Potentially subtherapeutic or toxic lidocaine levels were found in 10 patients. The regression line (y = 0.3 + 1.07 x) relating clearance of lidocaine to that of indocyanine green was linear (r = 0.95, P less than 0.001). Since indocyanine green clearance can be determined rapidly and noninvasively, it offers the potential of predicting lidocaine dosage requirements with avoidance of toxicity or suboptimum therapy.
CLINICAL IMPLICATION OF LOW-DOSE ASPIRIN ON VASOSPASTIC ANGINA PATIENTS WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS
Authors: A. Young Lim, Taek Kyu Park, Haseong Chang, Minsun Kim, Jeong Hoon Yang, Young Bin Song, Joo-Yong Hahn, Seung-Hyuk Choi, Jin-Ho Choi, Sang Hoon Lee, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Abstract 3559: FKBP5 is an androgen-responsive gene in thyroid cancer cells.
Authors: Melanie E. MacEwan, Ken Wong, Ismatun Swati, Suqing Xie, Mohammad Rasul, Olena Ardacheva, Joseph Buchsbaum, Edward Shin, Augustine Moscatello, Stimson Schantz, Raj K. Tiwari, Jan Geliebter
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract There has been a steady increase in the incidence thyroid cancer in the United States, with over 56,000 cases predicted for 2012. The increased aggressiveness of the disease and poorer clinical outcome in men and postmenopausal women may be due to androgen/androgen receptor (AR) related functions. FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP5) is a member of the immunophilin family and plays a role in steroid receptor function. Further, FKBP5 regulates the NFkB and AKT pathways and is thought to be relevant to the neoplastic process. Immunohistochemical analysis of 38 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) specimens indicated that androgen receptor is expressed in both normal and cancerous epithelial cells, in both men and women. Analysis of AR expression in thyroid cell lines indicated that the normal thyroid cell line, Nthy-ori 3-1 and PTC cell lines BCPAP and TPC-1 expressed very low levels of AR, as measured by qRT-PCR and western blotting (&amp;gt;1000 fold less than the prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP). In contrast, PTC/anaplastic 8505C cells expressed higher levels of AR protein (approximately one third the level expressed in LNCaP cells). Upon addition of androgen, AR in 8505C translocated into the nucleus (as determined by immunocytochemistry) and upregulated transcription of both AR (∼1.7 fold) and FKBP5 (∼1.8 fold). To more fully understand the function of androgen/AR in thyroid cells, the AR cDNA from pSG5-AR was subcloned into the pcDNA3.1+ expression vector and stably transfected into thyroid cell lines. Primers for qRT-PCR of the endogenous or the transfected gene were designed. The 84E7 clone of transfected 8505C cells expressed 68 fold higher levels of AR mRNA than 8505C and 16 fold higher AR protein expression (∼5 fold higher AR protein expression than LNCaP). Upon addition of DHT to clone 84E7, AR translocated into the nucleus, and increased AR and FKBP5 mRNA expression (∼3 fold and ∼13 fold, respectively). The association between androgens/AR and upregulation of FKBP5 in thyroid cancer cells suggests that FKBP5 may play a role in thyroid cancer etiology and the different clinical presentation and outcomes between young women and men/postmenopausal women. Citation Format: Melanie E. MacEwan, Ken Wong, Ismatun Swati, Suqing Xie, Mohammad Rasul, Olena Ardacheva, Joseph Buchsbaum, Edward Shin, Augustine Moscatello, Stimson Schantz, Raj K. Tiwari, Jan Geliebter. FKBP5 is an androgen-responsive gene in thyroid cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3559. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3559
PTU-134 Prevalance and Investigational Pathways of Patients with Constipation Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Abstract PTU-134 Table 1
Authors: S Lin, M Kurien, I Aziz, S Winfield, N Rugg, A Kelsall, J S Leeds, D S Sanders
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Our group has previously described investigational pathways that occur in patients with diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Currently, there is a paucity of work undertaken in either primary or secondary evaluating patients with constipation predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C).This study evaluates the population prevalence of IBS-C, determining also the investigational pathways that occur in these patients. <h3>Methods</h3> We prospectively collected data from 3 groups of patients between April 2005 and November 2012. Group 1 (n = 1002) were healthy volunteers, Group 2 (n = 64) were patients fulfilling Rome III criteria for IBS-C, with Group 3 (n = 403) being patients fulfilling Rome III criteria for IBS-D. In Group 1 the prevalence of IBS and its differing subtypes (IBS-D, IBS-C, mixed IBS (IBS-M) and unspecified IBS) were determined using the Rome III Diagnostic Questionnaire. In groups 2 and 3, demographic data and diagnostic yield of any investigations undertaken as part of the diagnostic workup were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 17.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL) with Fisher’s exact test used to compare categorical data, and an unpaired T-test used to compare continuous data <h3>Results</h3> IBS prevalence in healthy volunteers (Group 1) was 6% (60/1002), with 80% being female (p &lt; 0.0001).Mixed IBS was the most common IBS subtype (Table 1), with IBS-C patients being significantly older than other patients with IBS (mean age 45 vs 30 years, p = 0.027). When comparing Groups 2 and 3, patients with IBS-C underwent a total of 56 additional investigations (including radiological, endoscopic investigations, breath tests, SeHCAT scan, faecal pancreatic elastase), significantly lower than the number of investigations undertaken in the IBS-D group of 885 (p &lt; 0.001). Whilst further investigations in Group 3 identified an alternative diagnosis to IBS-D in 25%, the 56 additional tests undertaken in Group 2 did not help establish an alternative diagnosis to IBS-C in any of the patients. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This is the first study to evaluate the population prevalence of differing IBS subtypes within a UK population. Whilst, further investigation of IBS-D patients may lead to an alternative diagnoses and instigation of an appropriate management strategy, the merits of further investigation in IBS-C patients is to be questioned. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
COMPARISON OF THE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF NON-ISCHEMIC FFR (&gt;0.80) USING INTRACORONARY VERSUS INTRAVENOUS ADENOSINE
Authors: Naga Venkata K. Pothineni, Ahmed Almomani, Jason Payne, Mohan Edupuganti, Shiv Kumar Agarwal, Sameer Raina, Fnu Shailesh, Srikanth Kasula, Sabha Bhatti, Barry Uretsky, Abdul Hakeem
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
CIRCULATING CYTOCHROME C IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Nicola Cosentino, Giancarlo Marenzi, Mirella Trinei, Valentina Milazzo, Marco Moltrasio, Daniela Cardinale, Maria Teresa Sandri, Raphael Twerenbold, Paul Jasper Simon Boeddinghaus, Carlo Cipolla, Christian Mueller, Antonio Bartorelli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Three hundred years ago: Public health and the parish constable
Authors: T. Fox
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The seventh edition of The Compleat Parish Officer was published anonymously in 1734 and reprinted by the Wiltshire Family History Society in 1996. The largest section of this manual concerns the role of the parish constable. “Men of substance, and not of the meaner sort” were elected annually by their neighbours whether they liked it or not. People refusing to serve in this unattractive office were liable to prosecution at the assizes and fines in the lord of the manor's court.

Some of the …
MINIMALIST VERSUS STANDARD TRANSFEMORAL TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE
Authors: Moosa Haider, Jose Condado Contreras, Hope Caughron, Vinod Thourani, Chandan Devireddy, Bradley Leshnower, Kreton Mavromatis, Eric Sarin, James Stewart, Robert Guyton, Jessica Forcillo, Ateet Patel, Amy Simone, Patricia Keegan, Peter Block, Vasilis Babaliaros
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Abstract 3093: AR responsive miR-148a targets p27 and regulates the cell cycle in LNCaP cells.
Authors: Alan Lombard, Steve Libertini, Maria Mudryj
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Prostate cancer is a commonly diagnosed malignancy and represents the second leading cause of cancer-related death in US men. Prostate cancer is initially dependent on androgens for survival and androgen signaling is mediated by the androgen receptor (AR). Due to the androgen dependency of prostate cancer, castration-therapy is a common course of action to combat the progression of this disease. However, almost inevitably, androgen independent prostate cancer later arises for which few strongly effective treatment options exist. In many of these cases, despite the androgen refractive nature of the disease, AR signaling is still necessary for the survival of the cancer but the downstream mechanisms that allow the AR to influence cellular proliferation remain to be fully understood. Further research elucidating these pathways is needed to discover novel therapeutic options for this disease. It has been shown that the AR represses the function of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p27 but the way in which this happens is not completely known and seems to be multi-pronged. Research from Murata et al. (2010) demonstrated that miR-148a is an androgen responsive microRNA. Furthermore, it was shown by Guo et al. (2011) that miR-148a targets p27 in gastric cancer. Here we attempt to link these lines of research and uncover a novel pathway in which the relationship between the AR and p27 is mediated by miR-148a. We validated previous results showing that inhibition of AR signaling leads to an increase in p27 expression at both the protein and mRNA levels in the androgen responsive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. It was shown that AR inhibition leads to an ∼2 fold decrease in miR-148a expression. Using a microRNA mimic, we demonstrated the ability of miR-148a to target p27 expression at both the protein and mRNA levels. We next showed that the miR-148a mimic can rescue the attenuated androgen signaling phenotype by reducing p27 levels and further demonstrate that this treatment leads to positive regulation of the cell cycle. Interestingly, inhibition of function using an antagomir against miR-148a leads to attenuated growth in LNCaPs suggesting a putative therapeutic angle by targeting this pathway. These results demonstrate a novel pathway mediated by the AR in which a miRNA is expressed which potentiates the cell cycle by targeting p27. Citation Format: Alan Lombard, Steve Libertini, Maria Mudryj. AR responsive miR-148a targets p27 and regulates the cell cycle in LNCaP cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3093. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3093 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.