tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tc-99m DTPA Delayed SPECT Imaging of Neurofibromatosis
Authors: &NA; D. NGUYEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

The author presents a case of neurofibromatosis type 1, which was assessed by Tc-99m DTPA delayed SPECT imaging. There is demonstration of bilateral cervical soft tissue plexiform neurofibromata and involvement of the brachial plexus. The scintigraphic findings are correlated to magnetic resonance imaging examination.
Survival of Nationally Shared, HLA-Matched Kidney Transplants from Cadaveric Donors
Authors: Steve Takemoto, Paul I. Terasaki, J. Michael Cecka, Yong W. Cho, David W. Gjertson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

The importance of HLA histocompatibility typing to the outcome of transplantation of cadaveric kidneys has been controversial. Four years ago, a prospective trial began in all U.S. transplantation centers to determine whether the results of transplantation would improve with the nationwide shipment of kidneys from cadaveric donors to waiting patients undergoing dialysis when there was a match at the HLA-A, B, and DR loci.
Role of polyclonal cell activation in the initiation of immune complex-mediated pulmonary injury following antigen inhalation.
Authors: B J Shenker, T N Mann, W F Willoughby
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

The lung, by virtue of its anatomic situation, provides environmental antigens with unique access to host lymphoid tissues. In order to better understand the biologic consequences of antigen inhalation, we developed in animal model in which soluble proteins are administered in aerosol form to rabbits. By labeling these proteins with fluorochrome dyes or radioactive isotopes, the uptake, distribution, and fate of such proteins can be demonstrated both morphologically and quantitatively. Prompt host-antibody responses can be demonstrated to inhaled antigen, but not to comparable amounts of ingested antigen. Repeated administrations of antigen aerosol to immune animals produced little injury; in contrast, administration of aerosols containing phytohemagglutinin or cancanavalin A (Con A), plant lectins which activate leucocytes in a polyclonal fashion, induced a diffuse interstitial pneumonitis. When immune animals inhaled antigen plus Con A, devastating pulmonary necrosis was induced, in association with localized deposits of immune complexes containing antigen, antibody and complement. Such necrotic injury healed by scarring within 4 weeks. The necrotizing injury could be prevented by either decomplementation with cobra venom factor, or through inhibition of leucocyte responsiveness to Con A by administration of cholera toxin, a cAMP agonist. These studies indicate that antigen inhalation may serve as an important means of establishing "natural" immunity to environmental agents, but also may lead to severe pulmonary injury and fibrosis where the agents inhaled act not only as antigens but as polyclonal leucocyte activators as well.
Performance of MASCC score and other factors for identifying low-risk febrile-neutropenic cancer patients.
Authors: J. Bajpai, K. Prabhash, A. Medhekar, R. Nair, P. Kurkure, N. Ghadyalpatil, S. Gupta, V. Noronha, P. D. Kudale, S. Banavali
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e19533 Background: The standard empirical broad-spectrum-intravenous-antibiotic (AB) treatment and hospitalisation though safe lead to over-treatment of substantial group of patients. Validation of parameters to identify low-risk febrile neutropenia (FN) that can be safely treated in an outpatient setting with minimal/no AB treatment needed. Methods: A retrospective analysis to validate risk assessment model in FN patients from January 2007 to December 2008 done. Inclusion criteria were histologic diagnosis of malignancy, FN secondary to chemotherapy, absolute neutrophil count of ≤500/μl, axillary temperature of ≥38° C and age ≥ 14years. Other clinical and lab parameters were explored for risk stratification during FN episodes .Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to find the thresholdvalue and Chisquare analysis was done to find association between outcome and the parameters. Results: A total of 178 FN episodes were documented; 22 in solid tumors while 156 in haematolymphoid malignancies. Cultures were positive in 59 episodes with Escherichia-coli being the commonest organism. Risk stratification was done by Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) risk index score. The association between MSACC score and risk stratification could not be established (p = not significant).The total no of complications were 23 (Sepsis 22, Mortality 23). Other factors found to be significantly associated with high risk of complications were mucositis (p = 0.03), maximum temperature ≥ 103°F (p = 0.01), tachycardia (p<0.001),tachypnoea (p = <0.001), age (p = 0.006), high dose of steroid (p<0.001), total duration of fever (≥2.5 days (for which Sensitivity(S) and specificity (Sp) 87% and 81% respectively), serum creatinine (≥0.45mg%, S = 100%, Sp = 97%), bilirubin (≥0.5, S = 100%. Sp = 90%) requirement of second line antibiotics (p = 0.02), intensive care (p = <0.001), ventilatory support (p<0.001) and requirement of packed cell transfusion (p = 0.02). Conclusions: The MASCC risk index score could not be validated in this population while other clinical and lab parameters were found to have strong association in risk stratification of cancer patients during FN episodes. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Histamine Desensitization in Meniere's Disease
Authors: S. Paul
Journal: BMJ (1949)

Paraffin-wax in the Male BladderThe following case of a foreign body in the bladder, and the method of evacuating it, may be of interest.CASE REPORT One evening a young man, acting under an obsessive compul- sive urge, fashioned a bougie, about 21 in. (6.25 cm.) long by about i in. (0.6 cm.) in diameter, out of candle droppings
Tripolar Mitotic Figure
Authors: R E Mrak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Figure 1. Dysfunctional tripolar mitotic figures usually indicate neoplasia. The cell shown here, however, represents an abnormal but nonneoplastic astrocyte, presumably infected with papovirus, in a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (Hematoxylin and eosin, ×1500.)
SAT0202 Early Accrual of Organ Damage in Systemic Sclerosis: Rationale for Forming a Multinational Inception Cohort of Patients with Scleroderma (The Insync Study)
Authors: M. Nikpour, M. Baron, M. Hudson, P. Carreira, N. Hunzelmann, T. Frech, J. Sahhar, P. Nash, J. Roddy, L. Schrieber, W. Stevens, S. Proudman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Systemic sclerosis (SSc) has the potential to result in irreversible damage in various organs. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the accrual of damage in each organ system in the first five years of SSc disease. <h3>Methods</h3> A panel of experts defined organ-specific indicators of damage in SSc. Using prospectively acquired data from patients entering the Australian Scleroderma Cohort Study within 2 years of disease onset, annual accrual of organ damage from years 2 to 5 following disease onset was determined. <h3>Results</h3> The frequency of each damage indicator at years 2 to 5 in 182 patients is presented in the graph. Damage occurred in all organ systems, most commonly in the skin/MSK (23.1% at 4 years), respiratory (12.1%), GI (7.1%) &amp; GU systems (erectile dysfunction in men 31.4%). <h3>Image/graph</h3> <h3>Conclusions</h3> Organ damage occurs early in SSc. This is a compelling rationale for forming a large inception cohort (INternational SYstemic Sclerosis Inception Cohort; INSYNC) of patients with SSc to determine the predictors of organ damage and to develop strategies for preventing the occurrence of organ damage in SSc. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract 614: Biological clues to potent DNA-damaging activities in food and flavoring.
Authors: Mohammad Zulfiquer Hossain, Samuel F. Gilbert, Kalpesh Patel, Soma Ghosh, Anil K. Bhunia, Scott E. Kern
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Population differences in age-related diseases and cancer could stem from differences in diet. To characterize DNA strand-breaking activities in selected foods/beverages, flavorings, and some of their constituent chemicals, we used p53R cells, a cellular assay sensitive to such breaks. Substances testing positive included reference chemicals: quinacrine (peak response, 51X) and etoposide (33X); flavonoids: EGCG (19X), curcumin (12X), apigenin (9X), and quercetin (7X); beverages: chamomile (11X), green (21X), and black tea (26X) and coffee (3 to 29X); and liquid smoke (4 to 28X). Damage occurred at dietary concentrations: etoposide near 5 μg/ml produced responses similar to a 1:1000 dilution of liquid smoke, a 1:20 dilution of coffee, and a 1:5 dilution of tea. Pyrogallol-related chemicals and tannins are present in dietary sources and individually produced strong activity: pyrogallol (30X), 3-methoxycatechol (25X), gallic acid (21X), and 1,2,4-benzenetriol (21X). From structure-activity relationships, high activities depended on specific orientations of hydroxyls on the benzene ring. Responses accompanied cellular signals characteristic of DNA breaks such as H2AX phosphorylation. Breaks were also directly detected by comet assay. Cellular toxicological effects of foods and flavorings could guide epidemiologic and experimental studies of potential disease risks from DNA strand-breaking chemicals in diets. Citation Format: Mohammad Zulfiquer Hossain, Samuel F. Gilbert, Kalpesh Patel, Soma Ghosh, Anil K. Bhunia, Scott E. Kern. Biological clues to potent DNA-damaging activities in food and flavoring. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 614. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-614
The Importance of Renal Localization with MIBG Scintigraphy
Authors: YANG-YI ONG, DEBORAH COHN, JOHAN WIJAYA, PAUL ROACH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

Although I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging is a well-validated technique for identification and evaluation of a pheochromocytoma, accurate interpretation can be confounded by tracer retention within the renal pelvis. The authors report two cases of abnormal MIBG accumulation in which renal localization was essential. In the first case, renal localization revealed uptake inferomedial to the left kidney in what was proved to be an extra-adrenal paraganglioma. In the second case, MIBG uptake in a similar location on the right was caused by uptake in the renal pelvis, a physiologic finding. When the location of MIBG uptake in the upper abdomen is uncertain, a renal scan should be obtained to exclude the possibility of radiolabeled MIBG tracer retention within the collecting system, a potential false-positive diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.
Myocardial Uptake of Tc-99m Macroaggregated Albumin During Perfusion Lung Scanning
Authors: C Coskun, T Basoglu, I Bernay, H Bahadir, R Ucar, M Sahin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

The authors present a case of extrapulmonary Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin uptake in a patient with reversed atrial septal defect and cleft lip. Perfusion lung scanning was performed to rule out pulmonary embolism because of dyspnea, cyanosis, and tachy-arrhythmia. Besides minimal systemic activity, significant myocardial uptake of the tracer was observed. Coronary angiography could not be performed because of the severely altered general condition of the patient. It was postulated that this was most probably due to an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk.
Abstract LB-266: SIRT1 governs GnRH neuron migration and The Kallmann syndrome phenotype.
Authors: Liping Wang, Gabriele Di Sante, Chenguang Wang, Michael J. Powell, Michael W. McBurney, Richard G. Pestell
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract SIRT1 is a type III histone deacetylase, linked to diverse functions in a variety of physiological settings. SIRT1 is highly expressed in gonadogenesis and Sirt1−/− mice demonstrate infertility and die post-natally from a variety of abnormalities, including pancreas, lung, skeletal, and heart defects. Recent studies have shown reduced intratesticular testosterone levels in Sirt1−/− mice. The normal migration of GnRH neurons from the vomeronasal organ (VNO) to hypothalamus is required for their destined location where GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete gonadotropins. A subset of genes has been found to be involved in this process. In the current studies, we investigated the function of the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis in Sirt1−/− mice. Herein, a GnRH stimulation test was conducted on Sirt1−/− mice or littermate controls. The addition of GnRH to Sirt1−/− mice resulted in an increase in testosterone, LH and FSH levels, to a level similar to physiological secretion in normal controls. Immunostaining of mouse E14.5 brain in sagittal sections demonstrated that most of the GnRH positive neurons migrated to the forebrain in Sirt1+/+ mice whereas in Sirt1−/- mice, all of GnRH neurons resided in the VNO region and are undetectable in the forebrain. Treatment of hypothalamic neuronal cell lines, GN11 cells or GT1-7 cells with either Sirtinol or Nicotinamide, reduced cell migration in wound-healing and Matrigel invasion assays, most dramatically in trans-well migration assays. Retroviral gene transduction of cells with an expression vector encoding SIRT1, enhanced wound closure and invasiveness while transduction with the SIRT1 H363Y mutant abrogated migration. Cortactin is an F-actin binding protein involved in cancer cell migration and neurite outgrowth. Immunoprecipitation of FLAG-tagged SIRT1 and subsequent Western blot analysis revealed the association of SIRT1 with cortactin. Inhibition of SIRT1 activity by trichostatin A (TSA) or Nicotinamide, increased cortactin acetylation in 3T3 Sirt1+/+ cells, while in 3T3 Sirt1−/− cells, Nicotinamide did not increase cortactin acetylation. Deacetylation of cortactin by SIRT1 may play a role in GnRH neuronal migration. These studies demonstrated the critical role of SIRT1 activity in GnRH neuron migration and invasion both in cultured cells and in vivo. Citation Format: Liping Wang, Gabriele Di Sante, Chenguang Wang, Michael J. Powell, Michael W. McBurney, Richard G. Pestell. SIRT1 governs GnRH neuron migration and The Kallmann syndrome phenotype. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-266. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-266
Abstract LB-338: Stabilisation of MAD2 expression through inhibition of miR-433; A novel mechanism for restoring chemo-responsiveness in ovarian tumours
Authors: Fiona M. Furlong, Sine Phelan, Alo McGoldrick, Aoife Maguire, Patricia Fitzpatrick, Sharon O'Toole, Orla Shiels, John J. O'Leary, Amanda McCann
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is characterised by late diagnosis and recurrences, both of which contribute to the high morbidity and mortality of this cancer. Unfortunately, EOC has an innate susceptibility to become chemo-resistant. Specifically, up to 30% of patients may not respond to current standard chemotherapy (paclitaxel and platinum in combination) and of those who have an initial response, some patients relapse within a few months. Therefore, in order to improve patient outcome it is crucial to establish what factors influence a patients' individualised response to chemotherapy. We analysed MAD2 protein expression in a patient cohort of 35 ovarian tumours and a panel of 5 ovarian cancer cell lines. We have demonstrated that low nuclear MAD2 expression intensity was significantly associated with chemo-resistant ovarian tumours (p=0.0136). Moreover, in vitro studies of the 5 ovarian cancer cell lines revealed that reduced MAD2 expression was associated with paclitaxel resistance. In silico analysis identified a putative miR-433 binding domain in the MAD2 3′UTR and expression profiling of miR-433 in the ovarian cancer cell lines showed that low MAD2 protein expression was associated with high miR-433 levels. In vitro over-expression of miR-433 attenuated MAD2 protein expression with a concomitant increase in cellular resistance to paclitaxel. Over-expression of a morpholino oligonucleotide that blocks miR-433 binding to MAD2 3′UTR stabilised MAD2 protein expression and protects from miR-433 induced degradation. Furthermore, miR-433 expression analysis in 35 ovarian tumour samples revealed that high miR-433 expression was associated with advanced stage presentations (p=0.0236). In conclusion, ovarian tumours that display low nuclear MAD2 intensity are chemo-resistant and stabilising MAD2 expression by antagonising miR-433 activity is a potential mechanism for restoring chemo-responsiveness in these tumours. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-338. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-338
False-Positive Splenic Imaging Secondary to Cavernous Transformation of the Portal Venous System in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: MARCIA J. IGNATOW, DAVID S. MENDELSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

From the Department of Radiology, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York Received for publication January 7, 2002. Revision accepted September 16, 2002. Reprint requests: David S. Mendelson, The Mount Sinai Hospital, Department of Radiology, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, New York 10029. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract 5575: Ca2+/Redox-Sensitive Tyrosine Kinase PYK2 Promotes Atherogenesis Through OxLDL/ROS/p21-Dependent Premature Senescence in Endothelium
Authors: Asako Katsume, Mitsuhiko Okigaki, Akihiro Matsui, Che ji shen, Shinihiro Yamaguchi, Eigo Kishita, Hiroyuki Yamada, Hiroaki Matsubara
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Calcium/redox-sensitive tyrosine kinase PYK2 plays crucial roles in cell migration. Analysis of PYK2-deficient macrophages has been reported that their directional migration was impaired due to dysfunction of PI3K, small GTPase Rho, and Ca (2+)-mobilization. Since monocyte/macrophage plays crucial role in atherogenesis, we newly generated the PYK2-knock-out mice and investigated the role of PYK2 in atherogenesis. Methods: PYK2−/− mice (P-KO) were crossbred with ApoE−/− mice (E-KO), and PYK2−/−/ApoE−/− double knockout (D-KO) mice were established. Four-week-old mice were fed with high-fat-diet for 8 weeks, and the thoracic aorta and aortic root were histologically analyzed. Then we studied the mechanisms of their difference in atherogenesis. Results: At the 8th week, atherosclerotic area of thoracic aorta in D-KO was less than E-KO (~54%, P&lt;0.01, n=15, respectively). Numbers of infiltrating macrophage in D-KO mice was also reduced (~52%, P&lt;0.01, n=15). We also verified that no significant difference in atherosclerotic area between E-KO recipient with D-KO bone marrow and D-KO recipient with E-KO bone marrow (n=6). At the 7th day, in E-KO aorta, we detected the senescence-associated-beta-gal staining area, however in D-KO aorta there is no area stained with SA-beta-gal. The expression of p21 was significantly increased in E-KO aorta at the 7th day, but in D-KO aorta there is no increase in p21 expression. In primary-cultured endothelial cells (ECs), Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) induced p21 expression in WT was significantly higher than that in P-KO. And we studied that these results were caused by ROS and JNK dependent pathway. The stained area with SA-beta-gal and the expression of p21 was impaired by intra peritoneal injection with JNK inhibitor (SA600125). The stained area with 8OHDG in E-KO was higher than that in D-KO, and the number of the stained endothelial cells with DCF in WT was much higher than that in P-KO. The expression of VCAM-1 and MCP-1 in E-KO was significantly increased than that in D-KO. Conclusion: PYK2 promotes atherogenesis by inducing ROS/p21-dependent premature senescence and cytokine induction in endothelium
Abstract PD08-09: Impact of a Telephone-Based Exercise Intervention on Physical Activity Behaviors and Fitness in a Cooperative Group Setting
Authors: JA Ligibel, J Meyerhardt, J Najita, L Shockro, N Campbell, J Pierce, E Paskett, C. Shapiro
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Observational studies have demonstrated a 30-50% lower risk of disease-specific and overall mortality in physically active breast and colorectal cancer patients as compared to sedentary individuals. However, there have been no randomized trials looking at the impact of physical activity on cancer outcomes, and the optimal design of such a trial is not yet well-defined. The Active After Cancer Trial (AACT) is a multicenter feasibility study designed to evaluate the ability of a telephone-based intervention to increase physical activity in patients with breast and colorectal cancer. Methods: Sedentary (reporting less than 60 minutes/week of recreational activity) individuals with stage I-III breast or colorectal cancer were eligible for enrollment after completion of all adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation. Participants were randomized 1:1 to a centralized telephone coaching intervention, with a target goal of 180 minutes/week of physical activity, or to a usual care control group. Intervention participants received an average of 10 telephone contacts over 16-weeks. Initial calls focused upon building self-efficacy and later calls concentrated upon relapse prevention and maintenance of exercise behaviors. Participants underwent assessment of physical activity behaviors (7-Day Physical Activity Recall), fitness (6-Minute Walk Test), physical functioning (EORTC QLQ C-30), fatigue (FACIT) and exercise self-efficacy at baseline and 16 weeks after enrollment. Results: One hundred and twenty-one patients were enrolled through 10 Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) institutions; 100 patients had breast cancer and 21 had colorectal cancer. Average age was 54.3, 74% of patients had received chemotherapy and mean time since completion of adjuvant treatment was 24 months. Participants randomized to the exercise group experienced significant improvements in fitness and physical functioning as compared to controls. Table. Baseline measures and change (post-minus pre) scores in intervention and control patients (±SD) Intervention participants also reported a doubling in minutes of weekly physical activity, but this was not a significant increase compared to controls. Conclusions: Sedentary breast and colorectal cancer survivors can be enrolled in a physical activity intervention. A centralized telephone coaching intervention successfully increased fitness and physical functioning, although self-reported exercise time was not significantly changed. A large-scale clinical trial within the co-operative groups is feasible. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD08-09.