tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reducing radiation-induced gastrointestinal toxicity — the role of the PHD/HIF axis
Authors: Monica M. Olcina, Amato J. Giaccia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

Radiotherapy is an effective treatment strategy for cancer, but a significant proportion of patients experience radiation-induced toxicity due to damage to normal tissue in the irradiation field. The use of chemical or biological approaches aimed at reducing or preventing normal tissue toxicity induced by radiotherapy is a long-held goal. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) regulate the production of factors that may protect several cellular compartments affected by radiation-induced toxicity. Pharmacological inhibitors of prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing enzymes (PHDs), which result in stabilization of HIFs, have recently been proposed as a new class of radioprotectors. In this review, radiation-induced toxicity in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the main cellular compartments studied in this context will be discussed. The effects of PHD inhibition on GI radioprotection will be described in detail.
A high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a potential marker of mortality in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma: A retrospective study
Authors: Julia Zaragoza, Thibault Kervarrec, Antoine Touzé, Martine Avenel-Audran, Nathalie Beneton, Eric Esteve, Ewa Wierzbicka Hainaut, François Aubin, Laurent Machet, Mahtab Samimi
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2016)
Diagnostic des adénomes/polypes festonnés par les méthodes d’imagerie endoscopique avancée: Revue systématique et méta-analyse
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

Les adénomes/polypes festonnés [ou sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps) pour les anglo-saxons] sont des lésions planes, le plus souvent situées dans le côlon droit. On estime qu’elles seraient à l’origine de 30 % des cancers colorectaux. Du fait de la difficulté à les diagnostiquer en endoscopie en lumière blanche, les SSA/Ps pourraient, au moins en partie, être responsables des cancers coliques d’intervalle qui peuvent survenir 6 à 60 mois après une coloscopie. Ainsi, le taux de détection des SSA/Ps est très variable d’un centre à l’autre, passant de 0 % à 13 % selon l’expertise de l’opérateur et les méthodes utilisées et peu de données sont disponibles concernant la caractérisation optique de ces lésions par l’endoscopie.
Efficacy and Safety of Retreatment with Bortezomib in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: Interim Results From RETRIEVE, a Prospective International Phase 2 Study.
Authors: Maria Teresa Petrucci, Igor W. Blau, Paolo Corradini, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Johannes Drach, Pilar Giraldo, Adriana Teixeira, Joan Blade
Journal: Blood (2009)
Unethical skin bleaching with glutathione
Authors: Ophelia E Dadzie
Journal: BMJ (2016)

UK regulators must warn against this potentially dangerous practice

Skin bleaching is the misuse of skin lightening agents to lighten constitutive skin colour.1 It is a purely cosmetic procedure which should be distinguished from the use of skin lightening agents by physicians to treat pigmentary disorders.

Skin bleaching is a global phenomenon practised by a range of people living in communities in Africa, North and South America, Asia, the Middle East, and Europe.1 Agents used for skin bleaching include hydroquinone, topical steroids, mercurials, kojic acid, and sometimes products such as battery fluid and cement.1

Potential adverse effects associated with this practice include irritant and allergic contact dermatitis, exogenous ochronosis, infections, and systemic problems such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and renal disease.1 In light of this, public health campaigns around the world have focused on educating communities about the dangers of skin bleaching.

Despite these efforts, anecdotal …
Can standardised clinical examination of athletes with acute groin injuries predict the presence and location of MRI findings?
Authors: Andreas Serner, Adam Weir, Johannes L Tol, Kristian Thorborg, Frank Roemer, Ali Guermazi, Per Hölmich
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

Background Little is known about the value of clinical examination in relation to diagnostic imaging for acute groin injuries in athletes. Primary aim: to investigate whether clinical examination tests predict a positive or negative MRI result (MRI±). Secondary aim: to assess accuracy of clinical tests to localise injury in MRI+ cases. Methods We consecutively included 81 male athletes with acute groin injuries. Standardised clinical examination (palpation, resistance and stretch tests) and MRI were performed within 7 days of injury. Diagnostic statistics including positive and negative predictive values (PPV/NPV) were calculated. Results 85 acute injuries were found on MRI in 64 (79%) athletes with 17 (21%) athletes having MRI− injuries. Palpation had the highest NPV (91–96%, (95% CI 69% to 99%)). 3 specific adductor examination tests (resisted outer range adduction, squeeze test with hip neutral and long lever, and passive adductor stretch) showed 80–81% (95% CI 63% to 91%) probability of an MRI+ adductor lesion when positive, all with high accuracy of a correct MRI location (PPV 93–97% (95% CI 76% to 100%)). Hip flexor tests showed poor ability to predict MRI+ lesions (PPV 34–63% (95% CI 20% to 84%)) and low accuracy (PPV 17–71% (95% CI 7% to 85%)). Conclusions 21% of athletes had negative imaging and the absence of palpation pain was best at predicting an MRI− result. Specific adductor examination tests accurately predicted MRI+ adductor injuries. Hip flexor clinical tests were poor at predicating and localising MRI+ injuries in the hip flexors. Clinical examination appears sufficient to diagnose acute adductor injuries, whereas MRI could assist in accurately locating acute hip flexor injuries.
BELGRADE, YUGOSLAVIA
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Elevated levels of serum fatty acid synthase in patients with colorectal cancer.
Authors: Tomoaki Ito, Hajime Orita, Hiroshi Maekawa, Mutsumi Sakurada, Tomoyuki Kushida, Koji Senuma, Konomi Mizuguchi, Koichi Sato
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e14540 Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. The need remains for biomarkers to detect early stage colorectal cancer. Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is highly expressed in many human cancers, but the potential utility of measuring FAS for detection of colorectal cancer has not been previously investigated. The aim of this study was to provide a preliminary assessment of serum FAS as a marker of colorectal carcinoma. Methods: Our study included 63 patients with colorectal cancer (36 men and 27 female, aged 34-87 years) and 150 healthy subjects (113 men and 37 women, aged 33-83 years). Serum FAS levels were measured by ELISA and compared across the two groups of patients. Blood samples were collected from each cancer patient before treatment. Measurement data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine sensitivity and specificity values. Results: We found significantly higher levels of serum FAS in colorectal cancer patients (mean ± SD, 45.16 ± 66.45) than in healthy controls (1.73 ± 2.47) (P < 0.0001), with elevated levels even in patients with early stage tumors. Using 7.0 ng/ml as the cut-off value, the sum of sensitivity (76.19%) and specificity (96.0%) was the highest, respectively (Area Under the Curve= 0.9181, Standard Error= 0.02277, 95% CI = 0.8734-0.9627). Conclusions: Our results suggest that measuring serum FAS levels has strong potential to provide a biomarker for detection of gastric cancer with high sensitivity and high specificity.
Kaposi's Sarcoma, Vascular Permeability, and Scientific Integrity
Authors: Daniel E. Koshland
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We are writing to correct the record with regard to the Brief Report in<i>JAMA</i>by Dr Witte and colleagues.<sup>1</sup>Witte et al sent a technical comment to<i>Science</i>, which was peer reviewed according to our usual policy and was rejected. They have a perfect right to disagree with that decision, but to claim that scientific integrity is involved strikes us as very peculiar. <i>Science</i>regularly publishes cutting-edge research, and we expect and welcome scientific critiques of articles we have published. In fact, we have a standard procedure—a special section, Technical Comments—to handle criticisms of articles we publish. When a technical comment is submitted to<i>Science</i>, the authors of the original article are given a chance to respond. The entire exchange is then sent to expert reviewers. The decision to accept or reject the technical comment and reply is based on the comments of those expert
Risk-adjusted antibiotic consumption in 34 public acute hospitals in Ireland, 2006 to 2014
Authors: Ajay Oza, Fionnuala Donohue, Howard Johnson, Robert Cunney
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2016)

As antibiotic consumption rates between hospitals can vary depending on the characteristics of the patients treated, risk-adjustment that compensates for the patient-based variation is required to assess the impact of any stewardship measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of patient-based administrative data variables for adjusting aggregate hospital antibiotic consumption rates. Data on total inpatient antibiotics and six broad subclasses were sourced from 34 acute hospitals from 2006 to 2014. Aggregate annual patient administration data were divided into explanatory variables, including major diagnostic categories, for each hospital. Multivariable regression models were used to identify factors affecting antibiotic consumption. Coefficient of variation of the root mean squared errors (CV-RMSE) for the total antibiotic usage model was very good (11%), however, the value for two of the models was poor (&gt; 30%). The overall inpatient antibiotic consumption increased from 82.5 defined daily doses (DDD)/100 bed-days used in 2006 to 89.2 DDD/100 bed-days used in 2014; the increase was not significant after risk-adjustment. During the same period, consumption of carbapenems increased significantly, while usage of fluoroquinolones decreased. In conclusion, patient-based administrative data variables are useful for adjusting hospital antibiotic consumption rates, although additional variables should also be employed.
Individualized patient care: Are we ready to meet the challenges for patients with lung cancer?
Authors: P. M. Ellis, R. VanderMeer, J. Cutz, S. Chambers, A. Hasler, J. R. Goffin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e18121 Background: There have been significant advances in the treatment of lung cancer in recent years with increased recognition of the role of histologic and molecular subtyping in treatment decisions and as predictors of treatment benefit. However, it is unclear whether current diagnostic approaches provide adequate tissue for pathologic assessment and molecular analyses to allow for individualized treatment decisions. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of new lung cancer referrals at the Juravinski Cancer Centre between July 2007 and June 2008. Data were abstracted on age, gender, diagnostic tests, stage, treatment and outcome. Diagnostic information was also collected including source of biopsy, mode of diagnosis, type of diagnostic material (histology or cytology) and pathologic diagnosis. Results: There were 460 new lung cancer referrals seen during the 12 month period. Data are currently available on 105 cases. The median age was 71 yrs (sd 10.3), with 51% male, 49% female. Stage at diagnosis was IA (6%), IB (11%), II (4%), IIIA (9%), IIIB (15%), IV (36%), LS SCLC (7%), ES SCLC (12%). Surgical pathology material was available in 81% of cases, cytologic material in 19%. Diagnoses rendered were small cell carcinoma (19%), adenocarcinoma (32%), squamous cell ca (21%), large cell ca (3%), BAC (1%), mixed histology (2%), NSCLC NOS (16%), other (3%) and no pathologic diagnosis (3%). Many patients had more than one diagnostic sample. The most definitive samples used for initial cancer diagnosis consisted of resected tumor specimens (18%), mediastinal biopsies (5%), needle core biopsies (34%), fine needle aspiration (4%), bronchoscopic specimens (biopsy, washings, or brushings - 29%), other sources (10%). Indefinite or inconclusive pathologic diagnoses were found in 13% of cases. Conclusions: Current diagnostic approaches appear adequate in the majority of patients. However, about 20% of lung cancer cases do not receive complete histopathologic identification using current strategies. Adequacy of samples for molecular testing will require further evaluation. Some improvement in diagnostic sampling and pathology reporting will required to allow patients to undergo modern lung cancer treatments. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A comprehensive noninvasive approach for the stratification of lung cancer patients for targeted therapies.
Authors: Derek M Murphy, Samuel V. Angiuoli, Bryan Chesnick, Kevin Galens, Siân Jones, Maura Kadan, Lisa M. Kann, Karli Lytle, Monica Nesselbush, Sonya Parpart-Li, Jillian Phallen, David Riley, Manish Shukla, Theresa Zhang, Hatim Husain, Victor E Velculescu, Luis A. Diaz, Mark Sausen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e22086 Background: Cancer is a disease caused by the accumulation of genetic alterations which initiate and promote the uncontrolled growth and metastasis of cancer cells. These genetic alterations are the targets of multiple approved therapies, preferentially inhibiting cancer cells while limiting damage to normal cells. Given the advances in the efficacy of targeted therapies, current guidelines recommend molecular testing of specific genes to match patients with targeted therapies for which there is clinical benefit. However, approximately one-third of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients lack tissue samples for analysis and are not eligible for targeted therapies. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), shed into the blood from tumor tissue, contain alterations specific to the genetic profile of the malignancy in tissue and can stratify patients for targeted therapies through a liquid biopsy. Methods: We have developed LungSelect, a ctDNA approach to interrogate clinically actionable genetic alterations in NSCLC that are recommended by clinical guidelines or targeted in late stage clinical trials. LungSelect uses digital next-generation sequencing approaches to comprehensively examine single-base mutations, insertions and deletions in BRAF, EGFR, ERBB2, KRAS and NRAS while assessing translocations in ALK, EGFR, NTRK1, RET and ROS1with a high degree of precision and accuracy. Results: To evaluate the analytical sensitivity of LungSelect, we examined well characterized somatic mutations through a combination of tumor derived DNA and wild-type derived DNA at various levels of tumor contribution, achieving a lower limit of detection of > 0.01% with a specificity of > 99.9%. In addition, we examined the utility of LungSelect to detect these genetic alterations in late-stage lung cancer patients through comparison of plasma and matched tissue biopsy specimens. These analyses revealed a high concordance between the genetic alterations identified in plasma and matched tissue biopsies. Conclusions: LungSelect comprehensively detects genetic alterations non-invasively, allowing for a greater proportion of patients to obtain the survival benefit associated with targeted therapies in NSCLC.
Acute Rejection Increases Risk of Graft Failure and Death in Recent Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Josh Levitsky, David Goldberg, Abigail R. Smith, Sarah A. Mansfield, Brenda W. Gillespie, Robert M. Merion, Anna S.F. Lok, Gary Levy, Laura Kulik, Michael Abecassis, Abraham Shaked
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2016)
Bioresponsive and fluorescent hyaluronic acid-iodixanol nanogels for targeted X-ray computed tomography imaging and chemotherapy of breast tumors
Authors: Yaqin Zhu, Xiuxiu Wang, Jing Chen, Jian Zhang, Fenghua Meng, Chao Deng, Ru Cheng, Jan Feijen, Zhiyuan Zhong
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2016)
Primary Gastric T-Cell Lymphoma: Clinicopathologic Features and Treatment Outcome.
Authors: Yeon Hee Park, Won Seog Kim, Soo-Mee Bang, Soon Il Lee, Ji Eun Uhm, Hye Jin Kang, Im Il Na, Baek-Yeol Ryoo, Sung Hyun Yang, Kihyun Kim, Seung Sook Lee, Young H. Ko, Keunchil Park
Journal: Blood (2005)
Impairing the radioresistance of cancer cells by hydrogenated nanodiamonds
Authors: Romain Grall, Hugues Girard, Lina Saad, Tristan Petit, Céline Gesset, Mathilde Combis-Schlumberger, Vincent Paget, Jozo Delic, Jean-Charles Arnault, Sylvie Chevillard
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)

Hydrogenated nanodiamonds (H-NDs) exhibit a negative electron affinity that confers a high reactivity with oxygen species and a positive charge in aqueous solutions. It allows electron emission from H-NDs following irradiation by photons and in consequence may enhance the effects of radiation on cancer cells. By using three human radioresistant cancer cell lines, we showed a potentialization of cytotoxicity after a co-exposure to H-NDs and irradiation; an event occurring through the induction of DNA damage and reactive oxygen species. This occurred together with a decrease in cell impedance, the activation of G1/S, an unlocking of G2 cell cycle check-points and early low cell death rate. At later stage of exposure, persistent increases in heterochromatinization, large γ-H2AX foci and β-galactosidase activity were detected providing evidence of cells' entrance into senescence. Similar potentialization was observed with neocarzinostatin (NCS), a radiomimetic drug. This original finding underlines a wide clinical potential of H-NDs to intensify radiation effects on radio-resistant cancer cells.
Peripheral Blood Cell Gene Expression Diagnostic for Identifying Symptomatic Transthyretin Amyloidosis Patients: Male and Female Specific Signatures
Authors: Sunil M. Kurian, Marta Novais, Thomas Whisenant, Terri Gelbart, Joel N. Buxbaum, Jeffery W. Kelly, Teresa Coelho, Daniel R. Salomon
Journal: Theranostics (2016)

Background: Early diagnosis of familial transthyretin (TTR) amyloid diseases remains challenging because of variable disease penetrance.Currently, patients must have an amyloid positive tissue biopsy to be eligible for disease-modifying therapies.Endomyocardial biopsies are typically amyloid positive when cardiomyopathy is suspected, but this disease manifestation is generally diagnosed late.Early diagnosis is often difficult because patients exhibit apparent symptoms of polyneuropathy, but have a negative amyloid biopsy.Thus, there is a pressing need for an additional early diagnostic strategy for TTR-aggregation-associated polyneuropathy and cardiomyopathy.Methods and Findings: Global peripheral blood cell mRNA expression profiles from 263 tafamidis-treated and untreated V30M Familiar Amyloid Neuropathy patients, asymptomatic V30M carriers, and healthy, age-and sex-matched controls without TTR mutations were used to differentiate symptomatic from asymptomatic patients.We demonstrate that blood cell gene expression patterns reveal sex-independent, as well as male-and female-specific inflammatory signatures in symptomatic FAP patients, but not in asymptomatic carriers.These signatures differentiated symptomatic patients from asymptomatic V30M carriers with >80% accuracy.There was a global downregulation of the eIF2 pathway and its associated genes in all symptomatic FAP patients.We also demonstrated that the molecular scores based on these signatures significantly trended toward normalized values in an independent cohort of 46 FAP patients after only 3 months of tafamidis treatment.Conclusions: This study identifies novel molecular signatures that differentiate symptomatic FAP patients from asymptomatic V30M carriers as well as affected males and females.We envision using this approach, initially in parallel with amyloid biopsies, to identify individuals who are asymptomatic gene carriers that may convert to FAP patients.Upon further validation, peripheral blood cell mRNA expression profiling could become an independent early diagnostic.This quantitative gene expression signature for symptomatic FAP could also become a biomarker to demonstrate significant disease-modifying effects of drugs and drug candidates.For example, when new disease modifiers are being evaluated in a FAP clinical trial, such surrogate biomarkers have the potential to provide an objective, quantitative and mechanistic molecular diagnostic of disease response to therapy.
Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ivor B. Asztalos, Joi A. Gleason, Sakine Sever, Reyhan Gedik, Bela F. Asztalos, Katalin V. Horvath, Michael L. Dansinger, Stefania Lamon-Fava, Ernst J. Schaefer
Journal: Metabolism (2016)
Adverse Effects From Counterfeit Alprazolam Tablets
Authors: Ann M. Arens, Xander M. R. van Wijk, Kathy T. Vo, Kara L. Lynch, Alan H. B. Wu, Craig G. Smollin
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

the California Poison Control System-San Francisco division identified 8 patients who experienced adverse effects associated with the ingestion of counterfeit alprazolam tablets found to contain fentanyl and, in some cases, etizolam.The identification of these patients resulted in a coordinated response that included state and local public health departments, a toxicology laboratory, and media outlets, and resulted in an investigation by local law enforcement agencies.
Learning in the Rodent Motor Cortex
Authors: Andrew J. Peters, Haixin Liu, Takaki Komiyama
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2017)

The motor cortex is far from a stable conduit for motor commands and instead undergoes significant changes during learning. An understanding of motor cortex plasticity has been advanced greatly using rodents as experimental animals. Two major focuses of this research have been on the connectivity and activity of the motor cortex. The motor cortex exhibits structural changes in response to learning, and substantial evidence has implicated the local formation and maintenance of new synapses as crucial substrates of motor learning. This synaptic reorganization translates into changes in spiking activity, which appear to result in a modification and refinement of the relationship between motor cortical activity and movement. This review presents the progress that has been made using rodents to establish the motor cortex as an adaptive structure that supports motor learning.