tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Blood Test for Multiple Sclerosis Based on the Adherence of Lymphocytes to Measles-Infected Cells
Authors: Nelson L. Levy, Paul S. Auerbach, Edward C. Hayes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The increased capacity of lymphocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis to adhere to human epithelial cells persistently infected with measles virus has provided an accurate blood test for multiple sclerosis. When lymphocytes from affected patients were mixed with measles-infected human epithelial cells, the lymphocytes formed rosettes around a mean (±S.E.) of 69.2±1.7 per cent of the measles-infected cells. In contrast, lymphocytes from controls, either healthy or with other neurologic and non-neurologic diseases, formed rosettes around a mean of only 28.2 ± 2.1 per cent of the measles-infected cells. Of greater importance was the complete absence of overlap between multiple sclerosis and control values, thus indicating the diagnostic potential of the rosetting phenomenon. The severity, duration and activity of the disease had no effect on the degree of rosette formation. (N Engl J Med 294:1423–1427, 1976)
Effect of daclizumab on T<sub>Reg</sub> counts and EGFRvIII-specific immune responses in GBM
Authors: J. H. Sampson, G. E. Archer, D. D. Bigner, R. J. Schmittling, J. E. Herndon, T. Davis, H. S. Friedman, T. Keler, D. A. Reardon, D. A. Mitchell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

2034 Background: T Regs are increased in patients with GBM and constitutively express the high affinity interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2Rα). Treatment with an antibody that blocks IL-2Rα signaling functionally inactivates and eliminates T Regs without inducing autoimmune toxicity in murine models. We hypothesized that daclizumab, a commercially-available, IL-2Rα-specific antibody would function identically.Methods: A randomized phase II clinical trial assessed the effects of daclizumab in the context of the cancer vaccine, CDX-110, which is comprised of an EGFRvIII-specific peptide sequence linked to KLH. EGFRvIII is a constitutively activated and immunogenic mutation not expressed in normal tissues, but widely expressed in GBMs and other neoplasms. In patients with newly-diagnosed, EGFRvIII+ GBM, after resection and radiation/TMZ, patients received CDX-110 vaccinations biweekly x 3, then monthly until tumor progression in combination with TMZ (200 mg/m 2 x 5/28 days). Half the patients were randomized to receive daclizumab (1mg/Kg x1) at the first vaccine. The others received saline in a double-blinded fashion.Results: There were no drug related SAEs. EGFRvIII-specific immune responses were generated in all patients, and all immune responses were sustained or enhanced during subsequent TMZ cycles. Preliminary analysis (n = 4) suggests that daclizumab reduces T reg (CD4 + CD25 + CD45RO + FOXP3 + ) numbers [change 82.4 ± 7.1% from baseline (p = 0.011; t-test)] without reducing overall CD8 + or CD4 + T-cell counts. T regs decreased only 3.7 + 11.0% after vaccination in the saline treated group during the same interval. Preliminary analysis (n = 4) also suggest that daclizumab enhanced EGFRvIII-specific immune responses (p = 0.01; t-test) and enhanced the titer of cytotoxic EGFRvIII-specific IgG1 isotype antibodies compared to the saline treated group (p = 0.003; t-test) and compared to previously vaccinated patients who did not receive daclizumab (p = 0.0015; t-test). TTP and OS survival in both arms has not been reached. Conclusions: Daclizumab may reduce T reg counts in patients with GBM. TMZ and daclizumab may enhance EGFRvIII-targeted immune responses despite lymphodepletion. These combinations are currently under further investigation. [Table: see text]
Female Reproductive Potential after Treatment for Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Sandra J. Horning, Richard T. Hoppe, Henry S. Kaplan, Saul A. Rosenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

The probability of maintaining ovarian function, becoming pregnant, and delivering a normal child is important to young women anticipating successful therapy for Hodgkin's disease. In this study, reproductive function was retrospectively examined in 103 women 40 years old or younger who had undergone treatment for Hodgkin's disease with total-lymphoid irradiation (TLI) alone, combination chemotherapy, or combined TLI and chemotherapy. Infertility was directly related to gonadal exposure to therapy and to age at treatment. Twenty women became pregnant after receiving total-nodal irradiation or combination chemotherapy or both. No fetal wastage occurred, and no birth defects were seen in the 24 infants born to these women. Even after intensive treatment programs, women successfully treated for Hodgkin's disease have become pregnant and delivered phenotypically normal children.
Activation of PI3K-d signaling pathway contributes to the generation of mitochondrial ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome in HDM-inhaled mice
Authors: So Ri Kim, Yong Chul Lee, Kyung Bae Lee, Dong Im Kim
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

House dust mites (HDM) are one of the commonest aeroallergens worldwide. NLRP3 is one of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) systems activated by HDM extract in airway epithelial cells. However, there is little available information on the molecular mechanisms related to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in this situation. In this study, we have investigated the effects of IC87114, a representative inhibitor of PI3K-δ isoform, on the HDM-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. In addition, we tried to define the role of PI3K-δ in the HDM-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in airways using primary cultured tracheal epithelial cells.HDM-sensitized and -challenged mice showed the typical allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsivenss, and the increased levels of Th2 cytokines, IL-17, IL-1β, and TNF-α in lungs. Moreover, we found the increases of mitochondrial ROS and the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in HDM-exposed lung. Very interestingly, the administration of IC87114 decreased the asthmatic features in HDM-sensitized and -challenged mice. Primary cultured tracheal epithelial cells from HDM-inhaled mice showed the increased expression of NLRP3 compared to the levels in cells from control mice. Pretreatment with IC87114 or transfection of siRNA for PI3K-δ dramatically reduced the expression of NLRP3 protein in primary cultured tracheal epithelial cells from HDM-inhaled mice. These findings suggest that PI3K-δ plays an important role in HDM-induced bronchial asthma through the regulation of NLRP3 activation mediated by mitochondrial ROS.
Case 2-2004
Authors: Thomas B. Dodson, Paul A. Caruso, G. Petur Nielsen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Presentation of Case Dr. H. Daniel Clark (Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery): A 32-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a mandibular sarcoma. He had been well until two months before admission, when he had tenderness over the chin and saw a pea-size lump when he pulled his lower lip down. A dentist in another state confirmed the presence of a swelling on the anterior aspect of the mandibular alveolus, in the area of the right mandibular canine. Two or three weeks later, the patient consulted an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, who also found the firm mass, which was . . .
P65 Respiratory ill health in the silica exposed stone working sector
Authors: D Fishwick, J Sumner, CM Barber, E Robinson, A Codling, L Lewis, C Young, N Warren
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Exposure at work to inhaled respirable crystalline silica (RCS) has previously been linked with silicosis, tuberculosis, lung cancer and COPD. Whilst the risk of developing silicosis is largely a function of cumulative lifetime RCS exposures, current workplace exposures contribute to this risk. New cases of silicosis continue to be reported in the UK. The stone working sector is one where exposures to RCS continue to place workers at risk. <h3>Methods</h3> A cross sectional GB based workplace study of stone workers was carried out, in order to identify a subsequent longitudinal cohort. Consenting workers were asked to complete an interviewer led questionnaire, undergo lung function testing and complete a full occupational history including details of lifetime exposure to RCS. Consenting workers had a PA Chest Radiograph using a mobile facility, and levels of RCS exposure in the personal breathing zone were measured. <h3>Results</h3> 128 workers took part; with a mean age of 40.1 years and 11 years median (range 0.5–44) years worked overall in industry. One had radiological evidence of silicosis. Respiratory symptoms were common; for example 22.7% reported cough, 33.6% wheeze in the last 12 months, 16.4% reported ever having asthma. 14.1% reported at least one work related respiratory symptom. Mean lung function values (n = 127) were as follows; mean (SD) percentage predicted FEV<sub>1</sub> 97.5 (14.5) and FVC 103.6 (12.2). Twenty four workers had measured airways obstruction (as defined by an FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC &lt;0.7); in this cross sectional analysis its presence did not significantly relate to current smoking status or duration of RCS exposure, although was associated with the reporting of a diagnosis of (ever having) asthma or chest tightness and difficulty in breathing. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This cross sectional study of stone workers has identified a cohort for longer term follow up. Future work will allow the development dose response relationships (using measured current, and historic, RCS levels) corrected for other relevant factors, between cumulative RCS exposure and FEV<sub>1</sub> decline. These approaches will assist in the development of future workplace interventions to reduce the health risks associated with RCS exposure in stone workers.
Child Care in General Practice. Immunization in Ceneral Practice.
Authors: N. R. Butler, P. F. Benson
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Immunization programmes differ in each country according to the prevalence and severity of each infection. Every practi tioner concerned with immunization regimes should study current recommendations. Details of international immuniza tion regimes are published by W.H.O. (1961) and those for Great Britain by the Ministry of Health (1963). The subject is also discussed by individual authorities (for example, Parish and Cannon, 1962 ; Symposium on Immunology, 1963). In Great Britain widespread immunization against poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and smallpox is carried out in early childhood. B.C.G. inoculation is sometimes carried out in the newborn period to protect children of tuberculous fami lies, but is more usually deferred until later childhood.
Case 5-2010
Authors: Jai Radhakrishnan, Raul N. Uppot, Robert B. Colvin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 51-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infections presented with proteinuria, edema, and worsening hypertension. He had obesity, hyperlipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, and a history of hypertension and coronary artery disease. He had recently taken nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for joint pain. A diagnostic procedure was performed.
Stigma is leading to under-treatment of mental health conditions, says leading psychiatrist
Authors: Nigel Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Progress in treating mental health conditions is too recent for them to have taken their place alongside other conditions that are treatable, says the past president of the American Psychiatric Association (APA), Jeffrey Lieberman.

At an expert encounter at the Science Media Centre in London, Lieberman told journalists that, as a result, this unwarranted stigma still persists, is as profound as racism or religious intolerance, and leads to widespread neglect and under-treatment of patients.

Lieberman, who was in London to give a lecture at the Royal College of Psychiatrists on the future of the specialty, said that a revolution in attitudes as profound as that achieved by AIDS activists in the early 1980s was needed.

How had this neglect come …
Case 46-1970
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. McNeely, Oscar E. Starobin, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 47-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of hematuria.When he was three years of age a murmur had been heard. Sixteen years before admission bilateral prefrontal lobotomies had been performed because of chronic schizophrenia. Six years later, because of congestive heart failure, he underwent an aortic valvuloplasty under hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass; a bicuspid aortic valve with dense calcification and tight aortic stenosis were found. There was symptomatic improvement for several years. Five years before entry a state of chronic, mild, compensated hemolysis was documented by the finding of a normal hematocrit . . .
Acute Salpingitis Due to<i>Friedländer's Bacillus</i>
Authors: Thomas W. Botsford, Thomas D. Kinney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

IT is the purpose of this paper to report a case of acute salpingitis in an eighty-year-old woman, caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Acute suppuration of the fallopian tube in elderly women is rare, and salpingitis due to this organism is doubly unusual. Extrapulmonary K. pneumoniae infections have received increasing attention in published reports during the last few years. In 1937 Baehr, Shwartzman and Greenspan,1 reporting a study of 198 cases found only 6 (3.5 per cent) with infection in the vagina, uterus or adnexa. Other cases of Friedländer-bacillus infections of the female genital tract have been reported by Scheyer,2 , 3 Reichert . . .
Retrospective review of modified-R-CHOP (MRCHOP), substituting liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin (LED) for doxorubicin in high-risk patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma.
Authors: S. Mohammed Rafiyath, C. M. Farber, N. O. Onyemeke, R. Bustami
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

e18527 Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) accounts for approximately 30 percent of newly diagnosed patients with NHL and, in the 1970s CHOP combination therapy proved curative. Higher complete remission rates and survival has been further improved with the addition of rituximab to CHOP (R-CHOP). Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil) has an improved pharmacokinetic profile over conventional doxorubicin with decreased cardio toxicity, cytopenias, alopecia and other untoward effects. This retrospective study was performed to analyze the efficacy and safety of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in a group of high-risk patients. Methods: Forty-five patients with DLBCL treated with MRCHOP were indentified. Their medical data was summarized in an Excel spread sheet using greater than 50 patient clinical parameters while maintaining HIPPA-compliance. All patients received intravenous LED, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin with average treatment dose of 27.4 mg/m² and, median treatment cycles of six. Results: In this poor-risk population (N=45) there were 47% males with an average age of 70.1 yr and 53% females with an average age of 73.8 yr. The overall average IPI score was 3.2, corresponding to High-Intermediate to High Risk range. The overall CR rate was 75.5%. For patients with stage I (N=2), II (N=7), and III (N=8) disease the CR rate was 100%. For patients with stage IV disease (N=28) the average IPI score was 3.7 and 62.2% of the patients achieved a CR. With long-term follow for most patients, as long as 124+ months, the overall survival is 74.2% with four patients dying of tumor progression, all with stage IV disease. At least one episode of neutropenia (ANC<1,000/mm3) was documented in 95.5% of the patients and hospitalization for neutropenic fever occurred 26.7% of the patients. The incidence of new onset CHF is none. Conclusions: The overall CR rate of MRCHOP in this study is 68.6%. This is remarkable given most patients have had intermediate/high risk IPI. The use of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin instead of conventional doxorubicin appears at least as active as traditional R-CHOP and may be better tolerated.
Extrapyramidal reactions in Asians
Authors: R L Binder, R Levy
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

The authors studied systematically whether 20 Asian patients were more vulnerable to the acute extrapyramidal side effects of neuroleptics than were 20 black and 40 white patients. They found that extrapyramidal reactions were more frequent in the Asian patients and that the difference was statistically significant.
Phase I Safety, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Study of the Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitor Veliparib (ABT-888) in Combination with Irinotecan in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Patricia M. LoRusso, Jing Li, Angelika Burger, Lance K. Heilbrun, Edward A. Sausville, Scott A. Boerner, Daryn Smith, Mary Jo Pilat, Jie Zhang, Sara M. Tolaney, James M. Cleary, Alice P. Chen, Lawrence Rubinstein, Julie L. Boerner, Adam Bowditch, Dongpo Cai, Tracy Bell, Andrew Wolanski, Allison M. Marrero, Yiping Zhang, Jiuping Ji, Katherine Ferry-Galow, Robert J. Kinders, Ralph E. Parchment, Geoffrey I. Shapiro
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

PARP is essential for recognition and repair of DNA damage. In preclinical models, PARP inhibitors modulate topoisomerase I inhibitor-mediated DNA damage. This phase I study determined the MTD, dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of veliparib, an orally bioavailable PARP1/2 inhibitor, in combination with irinotecan.
M26 Tweeting is Teaching - #RespEd: Free, Open-Access Twitter educational resource for trainees and specialists in Respiratory Medicine
Authors: RW Lee, LJ Smith, T Hillman
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Social media use in medical education is expanding rapidly, bringing with it a novel means of learner engagement, feedback, collaboration and professional development.<sup>1</sup> A growing body of respiratory specialists and trainees are now engaging in such activities via Twitter.<sup>2</sup> We describe one of the commonest dedicated Respiratory ‘Hashtags’ (“#RespEd”) where content related to evidence-based medicine (EBM), e-learning and collaboration is curated. <h3>Methods</h3> “#RespEd” tweets were reviewed for usage statistics since 01/01/2013 using www.Symplur.com with more detailed review of monthly analytics since 01/04/2014. All “#RespEd” tweets were downloaded from Twitter and Symplur. Transcripts were reviewed for content using Microsoft Excel. A review of related hastags identified through Symplur was conducted to assess reach across Respiratory hashtags in a similar timeframe. <h3>Results</h3> The “#RespEd hashtag” was first used in January 2013. Since this time, Symplur identified 1,099 participants and 5,973 tweets. Audience ‘reach’ was recorded as 7,384,722 impressions. A steady increase in users has evolved in the last 18 months with clear peaks in activity around the BTS Summer and Winter meetings. Participants included a wide range of professionals including doctors, nursing staff, pharmacists, physiotherapists, patients and representatives of societies and mainstream respiratory journals. Users were from numerous countries. Common content included evidence-based medicine (e.g. recently published articles), e-learning resources and ‘live-tweets’ from training days, which were usually picture tweets of lecturers slides. Other established respiratory hashtags included (participants): #ATS2015 (2,812), #ERS2014 (2,179), #Pulmcc (1,927), #BTSWinter (487). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Twitter represents an untapped respiratory educational resource, which is truly multi-disciplinary and breaks boundaries between professional groups. The BTS conferences have provided a clear platform to broaden this resource. There is an opportunity to reach out to trainees and others seeking continuing professional development and provide both reliable resources and a ‘place’ to foster debate and discourse on topical respiratory themes. <h3>References</h3> 1 Cheston CC, Flickinger TE, Chisolm MS, <i>et al</i>. Social media use in medical education: a systematic review. <i>Acad Med</i>. 2013;<b>88</b>(6):893–901 2 Chalmers JD, Greening NJ, Jose RJ, <i>et al</i>. Review of the British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2013. <i>Thorax</i> 2014;<b>69</b>:378–382
Successive Occurrence of T-Cell and B-Cell Lymphomas after Renal Transplantation in a Patient with Multiple Cutaneous Squamous-Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Sylvie Euvrard, Claire Pouteil Noble, Jean Kanitakis, Martine Ffrench, Françoise Berger, Henri Jacques Delecluse, Michel D'incan, Jean Thivolet, Jean Louis Touraine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

ORGAN-TRANSPLANT recipients are prone to the development of cutaneous and extracutaneous malignant tumors.1 , 2 Lymphomas occur in 1 to 2 percent of graft recipients and are usually of the B-cell type.3 Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are extremely rare. We describe a renal-transplant recipient with multiple cutaneous warts and squamous-cell carcinomas in whom a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (Sezary syndrome) later developed, followed by a nodal B-cell lymphoma with immunoblastic components. Despite chemotherapy, the cutaneous T-cell lymphoma progressed rapidly, and the patient died within a year of the diagnosis. This case illustrates the role of immunosuppression in the development of multiple and complex malignant . . .
Pregnancy Rate and Preservation of Cyclic Ovarian Function With Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Cotreatment During Chemotherapy—Reply
Authors: Isabelle Demeestere, Volkan Turan, Kutluk Oktay
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

In Reply Dr Blumenfeld’s letter underscores our sentiment that superficial assessment of the studies on the efficacy of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) in preserving fertility could lead to inaccurate conclusions.
Oculosympathetic Paralysis in Otitis Media
Authors: Dick Hoefnagel, John B. Joseph
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

OCULOSYMPATHETIC paralysis is a paralysis caused by damage to the sympathetic nerve fibers that innervate the smooth muscles of eye and orbit; it manifests itself clinically by a slight droop of the upper eyelid and a narrowing of the homo-lateral pupil. The paralysis differs from a complete Horner syndrome because anhidrosis of face and forehead, sometimes present in the latter, is absent in oculosympathetic paralysis. Although this type of paralysis has received most attention as an accompanying sign of unilateral vascular headaches in adults1 some clinical reports2 3 4 5 have called attention to its presence after surgery of the middle ear or . . .