tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FRI0074 Renal Dysfunction in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from the Comedra Study
Authors: M. Couderc, M. Soubrier, B. Pereira, M. Gilson, B. Fautrel, S. Pouplin, E. Dernis, L. Gossec, C. Gaujoux-Viala, M. Dougados
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of renal dysfunction. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the prevalence and associations of renal dysfunction in patients with RA. <h3>Methods</h3> COMEDRA is a French nation-wide cross-sectional multicentric study on comorbidities in RA patients. Renal function was assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation in patients from the COMEDRA study. Demographics and RA characteristics, risk factors for renal dysfunction (cardiovascular risks, medications) were collected in all participants. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 970 recruited patients, 931 were analyzed (female gender: 79.6%, age: 57.8 years, disease duration: 11.1 years, DAS28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate: 3.1). 8.8% of patients had eGFR&lt;60 ml/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup>. 9.9% of the patients had proteinuria (as defined by positive dipstick testing). In univariate analysis, age (p&lt;0.001), presence of hypertension (p&lt;0.001), systolic blood pressure (p=0.03), and Framingham Risk score (p&lt;0.001) were associated with eGFR&lt;60 ml/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup>. Renal dysfunction was not associated with gender (p=0.35), disease duration (p=0.91), disease activity (for DAS28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate: p=0.14, for SDAI: p=0.41, for CDAI: p=0.77) or RA medications. Two models of multivariate analysis were constructed: Model A, without the Framingham risk score revealing that age (OR: 1.05; IC95% [1.03-1.09]) and hypertension (OR: 2.5, IC95% [1.5-4.3]); were predictive of eGFR &lt;60 ml/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup> Model B revealing that the Framingham risk score was predictive of eGFR &lt;60 ml/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup> (OR 1.06, IC95% [1.03-1.09]). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Renal impairment is quite common and associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as age, hypertension and Framingham risk score but not with disease activity. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4403
Multiple perforations of the jejunum caused by a migrated esophageal stent
Authors: W. Zhang, W. Meng, Z. Zhou
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

A 17-year-old man presented to our emergency department with a 5-day history of persistent lower abdominal pain and nausea. His medical history was significant for a silicone-covered self-expanding metallic esophageal stent (MTN-SE-G-20/80, Nanjing, China) placed 3 weeks previously for a tracheoesophageal fistula. Plain abdominal and chest radiographs showed the stent lying in the inferior abdominal cavity ([Fig. 1]).
Views of Practicing Physicians and the Public on Medical Errors
Authors: James A. Robblee, Wendy L. Nicklin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

the authors reply: The list of complications in our review of typhoid was intended to highlight common complications but inevitably could not be exhaustive.As van Doorn and colleagues point out, renal failure and nephritis have been reported, but these complications are uncommon. 1Of 309 consecutive patients admitted to our hospital in Vietnam with blood-culture-positive enteric fever, 12 (3.9percent) had an increased serum creatinine concentration (>1.5 mg per deciliter), but in only 2 patients (<1 percent) was the renal failure clinically significant (unpublished data).Despite the results from Indonesia, where highdose dexamethasone treatment was shown to reduce mortality among patients with severe typhoid treated with chloramphenicol, 2 we agree with Basnyat that few hospitals use dexamethasone as recommended.Whether corticosteroids provide less benefit in patients with severe typhoid fever when they are treated with the more potent fluoroquinolones remains to be determined.We agree with Zaidi et al. that typhoid fever in areas where typhoid is endemic is predominantly a childhood disease, but we disagree that our pooled analysis of treatment trials focused disproportionately on adults and trials from Vietnam.Our Table 2 included all the published randomized, controlled clinical trials we could obtain with the use of standard strategies for searching the literature.Of the 3507 patients in the trials we cited, 1243 (35 percent) were children.We believe the information in the table to be representative of the available published literature.Zaidi et al. argue that chloramphenicol should remain the treatment of choice for typhoid in children, since resistance has decreased in some areas 3 whereas quinolone resistance has increased and fluoroquinolones are expensive.They report 70 percent susceptibility to chloramphenicol in Karachi,
Abstract 1745: Pomegranate sensitizes tamoxifen action in breast cancer cells: A novel therapeutic strategy
Authors: Shreya Banerjee, Inamul Haque, Suman Kambhampati, Sushanta K. Banerjee
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract It is estimated that in year 2009 over 1 million women worldwide will be diagnosed with breast cancer. Roughly, 70% of breast cancer will be estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) positive, which facilitates their growth in the presence of estrogen. The presence of ER-α is able to determine if tumors will respond to the estrogen-blocking/ER-antagonist drug Tamoxifen (TAM). However, a significant fraction (∼40%) of ER-positive tumors is minimally or completely unable to respond to TAM. However, it is unclear why some breast cancer cells resist TAM and how to make these cells respond. Early evidence suggests Pomegranate fruit extracts (PFEs) exhibit an anticancer effect against some cancers. The hypothesis of the study was that PFEs may able to enhance TAM's effect in ER-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. To test the hypothesis, we determined the effect of PFEs on sensitive and TAM-resistant-MCF-7 cell viability and cell death (apoptosis) in the presence or absence of TAM under estrogenic or non-estrogenic culture environment. Cell viability was determined by cell counting using Trypan-blue assay and cell cycle distribution. Apoptosis was determined by Annexin-V-apoptotic-detection assay and immuno-Western blotting of apoptosis-related-genes (i.e., BCl-2 and Bax). The present studies demonstrated that PFEs enhance the TAM action in both sensitive and TAM-resistant MCF-7 cells through the inhibition of cell viability (regular or estrogen-induced) by inducing cell-death machinery. Collectively, the results showed for the first time that pomegranate combined with TAM may represent a novel and powerful approach to enhance TAM action. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1745. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1745
AB0169 Trichostatin a induces CD8A positive tolerogenic dendritic cells and regulatory T cells in SKG mice, and ameliorates the severe arthritis
Authors: K. Misaki, A. Morinobu, J. Saegusa, K. Nishimura, S. Kumagai
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder, characterized by cellular infiltration of and proliferation in the synovium, leading to the progressive destruction of the joints. Dendritic cells (DC) play a pivotal role by triggering the immune responses in RA pathogenesis. Trichostatin A (TSA) plays a significant role of controlling gene transcription as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and has been reported to regulate immune responses. <h3>Objectives</h3> We examined to elucidate the effects of TSA on the phenotype and function of DC and on arthritis in SKG mice. <h3>Methods</h3> Arthritis was induced in SKG mice by Zymosan A (ZyA) injection. TSA was administered and its effects on arthritis were evaluated by joint swelling and histological evaluation. IL-17A production in lymph node cells was determined by ELISA. Foxp3 expression in lymph node cells and the phenotypes of splenic conventional DC (cDC) were examined by flow cytometry. Bone marrow-derived DC (BM-DC) were generated with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The effects of TSA on cytokine production, cell surface molecules, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression and T cell stimulatory capacity of BM-DC were examined by flow cytometry, ELISA, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, and the allo-mixed lymphocyte reaction, respectively. <h3>Results</h3> TSA, when administered before the onset of arthritis, prevented SKG mice from arthritis. TSA treatment also showed therapeutic effects on arthritis in SKG mice, when administered after the onset of arthritis (daily treatment and twice-a- week treatment). TSA treatment reduced IL-17A production and increased in the ratio of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells among CD4+ cells in lymph node, suggesting that regulatory T cells are involved in the prevention of arthritis in SKG mice with TSA. In the CD8α+ splenic cDC subset, the expressions of CD86, CD80, and CD40 were significantly decreased in the TSA-treated group compared to the control group. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the expression of these molecules in the CD8α- cDC subset. Thus, TSA predominantly affects CD8α+ cDC <i>in vivo</i>. <i>In vitro</i>, TSA markedly suppressed ZyA-induced IL-12 and IL-6 productions, cell surface molecules by BM-DC and up-regulated IDO expression at mRNA and protein levels. TSA-treated BM-DC also showed less T cell stimulatory capacity. <h3>Conclusions</h3> TSA changes DC to a tolerogenic phenotype, induces regulatory T cells and ameliorates arthritis in SKG mice. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
P35 Primary spontaneous pneumothorax: adherence to guidelines and healthcare economic implications
Authors: G. D. Thomas, F. J. H. Brims
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> International guidelines for the management Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) vary on the definition of size, and treatment of PSP. The American consensus based ACCP guidelines recommend removal of air via an intercostal drain (ICD) in large PSP, and the BTS guidance suggest needle aspiration (NA) first, with quoted success rates of 30%–80%.1 In 2005/6 there were 5954 finished consultant episodes for PSP in England.2 <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a retrospective audit of PSP presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) over a 24-month period. Electronic patient records (ED and inpatient) were keyword searched for “pneumothorax” and x-rays were interrogated. We used HRG code DZ26B (“Pneumothorax without complications”), with a tariff of £1840.83 per episode to calculate cost implications. Measure of agreement of PSP size was assessed with Cohen9s κ. <h3>Results</h3> 43 confirmed pneumothorax cases were identified, 37 PSP. Of those with PSP: mean (SD) age was 28 (6.9) years, 31 (84%) were male, 23 (62%) were right sided. See Abstract P35 table 1 for assessment of PSP size. 21 (56.8%) had NA, successfully in 8 (38%). 17 (46%) patients had an ICD placed; 12 (70.6%) with &lt;14F drains. Median length of stay following ICD was 5 (IQR 2–12) days. 28 (75.6%) had appropriate adherence to BTS guidelines (4 (10.8%) were not aspirated, 5 (13.5%) had a large, rather than small, ICD). 14 (37.8%) patients were sent for thoracoscopic surgery (on site), 4 (9.2%) PSP not resolving, 10 due to ipsi-, or contralateral, reoccurrence of PSP. If Nationally 10% of patients do not have NA as first line treatment, then (assuming a 40% success rate), this may be costing the NHS in England up to £438 412 a year in preventable admissions. Adherence to ACCP guidance would cost the NHS in England an extra £3.9 million in additional ICDs and hospital admissions. <h3>Conclusions</h3> ACCP and BTS guidance on PSP size have only poor-fair agreement. Local practice to increase NA rates and use of small drains should be adopted. Adherence to appropriate National guidelines has large healthcare economic implications.
Abstract 1983: A cell-permeable Stat3 SH2 domain mimetic inhibitor of Stat3 activation inhibits growth of human breast tumor xenografts
Authors: Wei Zhao, Soumya Jaganathan, Xiaolei Zhang, James Turkson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Human tumors harbor multiple molecular aberrations that have become the driving force for uncontrolled cell proliferation and survival, and other tumor-associated processes. Constitutive activation of the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (Stat) 3 protein is a frequent occurrence in many human cancers, including breast cancer. Given the role of aberrant Stat3 activity in human tumors, small-molecule Stat3 inhibitors would be useful novel therapeutics and tools for probing Stat3-mediated tumor processes. We herein report that a 28-mer peptide, SPI, composed of the amino acid residues 588-615 of the Stat3 SH2 domain, replicates Stat3 biochemical properties and functions as a Stat3 inhibitor. Studies show SPI and Stat3 (or Stat3 SH2 domain) both bind with similar affinities to known Stat3-binding phosphotyrosine (pY) peptide motifs, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) peptides, pY1068EGFR and pY1086EGFR, and the high-affinity, interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R)/gp130-derived peptide, GpYLPQTV-NH2. Consequently, SPI potently and selectively inhibits Stat3 SH2 domain:pY interactions and disrupts the binding of Stat3 to the IL-6R/gp130 peptide, GpYLPQTV-NH2. Fluorescence imaging studies show SPI is cell membrane-permeable. Treatment with SPI of malignant cells that harbor aberrant Stat3 activity resulted in the selective inhibition of constitutive Stat3 phosphorylation, and of Stat3 DNA-binding and transcriptional activities. By contrast, similar treatments have little or no effects on the induction of the Stat1, Stat5, and Erk1/2MAPK pathways in malignant cells or in EGF-stimulated fibroblasts. In contrast to normal cells, human breast, pancreatic, prostate, and non-small cell lung cancer cells harboring constitutively-active Stat3 are highly sensitive to SPI and undergo extensive morphology changes, concomitant with the loss of viability and apoptosis. Significantly, treatment with SPI or its inverse sequence version strongly inhibited the growth of human breast tumor xenografts in mice, which is associated with the down-regulation of the expression of the known Stat3-regulated genes, Cyclin D1, Bcl-xL and Survivin. Our study identifies SPI as a novel molecular probe for interrogating Stat3 signaling and that functions as a selective Stat3 inhibitor, which induces antitumor response in vivo. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1983. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1983
Male Pseudohermaphroditism Due to Multiple Defects in Steroid-Biosynthetic Microsomal Mixed-Function Oxidases
Authors: Ralph E. Peterson, Julianne Imperato-McGinley, Teofilo Gautier, Cedric Shackleton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Male Pseudohermaphroditism Due to Multiple Defects in Steroid-Biosynthetic Microsomal Mixed-Function Oxidases — A New Variant of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Case 29-1993
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, James O. Johnston, Andrew E. Rosenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Presentation of CaseA 54-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a mass in the right thigh and a radiographic density in a lung.The patient had been well until three months earlier, when he observed painless swelling of the right thigh, which enlarged progressively. Nine weeks before entry an ultrasonographic examination was reported to show a hypoechoic soft-tissue mass, 5.2 by 3.2 by 1.8 cm, in the thigh. Microscopical examination of a biopsy specimen of the mass was said to reveal fibrous tissue, inflammation, and granulation tissue. One month before admission the mass was larger, with swelling . . .
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF FALSE ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (STEMI) CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION LABORATORY (CCL) ACTIVATIONS AT A MAJOR LOS ANGELES COUNTY STEMI-RECEIVING CENTER (SRC)
Authors: Timothy D. Henry, Lorie Younger, Arsalan Derakhshan, Stanley Conte, Effie Pappas-Block, Raj Makkar, Saibal Kar, Brennan Spiegel, Joel M. Geiderman, Sam Torbati, David Lange
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Detection of Small Bowel Involvement by Mantle Cell Lymphoma on F-18 FDG Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Joseph W Sam, Marc S Levine, Michael C Farner, Stephen J Schuster, Abass Alavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of nodal and extranodal disease in patients with malignant lymphoma. However, no previous reports have shown lymphomatous involvement of the small bowel that was recognized on the basis of FDG-PET imaging findings. The authors present two cases of clinically unsuspected small bowel involvement by mantle cell lymphoma that were initially detected on FDG PET.
Points to consider for reporting, screening for and preventing selected comorbidities in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases in daily practice: a EULAR initiative
Authors: Athan Baillet, Laure Gossec, Loreto Carmona, Maarten de Wit, Yvonne van Eijk-Hustings, Heidi Bertheussen, Kent Alison, Mette Toft, Marios Kouloumas, Ricardo J O Ferreira, Susan Oliver, Andrea Rubbert-Roth, Sander van Assen, William G Dixon, Axel Finckh, Angela Zink, Joel Kremer, Tore K Kvien, Michael Nurmohamed, Desirée van der Heijde, Maxime Dougados
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

In chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases, comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases and infections are suboptimally prevented, screened for and managed. The objective of this European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) initiative was to propose points to consider to collect comorbidities in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases. We also aimed to develop a pragmatic reporting form to foster the implementation of the points to consider. In accordance with the EULAR Standardised Operating Procedures, the process comprised (1) a systematic literature review of existing recommendations on reporting, screening for or preventing six selected comorbidities: ischaemic cardiovascular diseases, malignancies, infections, gastrointestinal diseases, osteoporosis and depression and (2) a consensus process involving 21 experts (ie, rheumatologists, patients, health professionals). Recommendations on how to treat the comorbidities were not included in the document as they vary across countries. The literature review retrieved 42 articles, most of which were recommendations for reporting or screening for comorbidities in the general population. The consensus process led to three overarching principles and 15 points to consider, related to the six comorbidities, with three sections: (1) reporting (ie, occurrence of the comorbidity and current treatments); (2) screening for disease (eg, mammography) or for risk factors (eg, smoking) and (3) prevention (eg, vaccination). A reporting form (93 questions) corresponding to a practical application of the points to consider was developed. Using an evidence-based approach followed by expert consensus, this EULAR initiative aims to improve the reporting and prevention of comorbidities in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Next steps include dissemination and implementation.
Abstract P4-17-07: Reconstructive Outcomes of Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: A Five Year Experience
Authors: AA Guth, K Blechman, F Samra, R Shapiro, D Axelrod, M Choi, N Karp, M Alperovich
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) has gained popularity, but remains contoversial as the procedure's reconstructive outcomes and oncologic safety are still somewhat uncertain. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the New York University-Langone Medical Center experience with NSM from 2006–2011. Outcomes measured include post-operative complications, breast cancer recurrence, presence of cancer at the nipple-areolar complex, and nipple-areolar complex viability. Results: Our data include patients who underwent NSM from 2006–2011. In total, the records of 235 (145 prophylactic, 90 theraputic) NSM at NYULMC were reviewed. Our reconstructive dta included all forms of reconstruction, including 144 tissue expanders, 74 microvascular free flaps, 16 immediate implants, and 1 combination latissimus dorsi flap with implant. Mean follow-up time was 19 months. No differences existed between the theraputic and prophylactic breast patients. The major complication rate of 4.3% (10/235) included 4 intraoperative hematoma evacuations, 1 flap anastomosis revision, and 3 explanted implants. One patient expired 4 months following surgery secondary to progression of disease. The microvascular free flap loss rate for this group was 0. Minor complications in 6.8% of patients consisted of implant exchange for asymmetry, operative revision of partial flap necrosis, intravenous antibiotics for infection, and 1 non-operative hematoma. In total, 5.9% of nipples were resected due to malignant or premalignant disease. There were 3 positive intraoperative biopsies with 9 additional biopsies positive on final pathology. To date, there have been no recurrences involving the nipple-areolar complex. The viability rate for the remaining nipples was 93.2% with1.7% of nipples undergoing complete necrosis, 3.8% partial necrosis, and 1.3% undergoing epiderolysis. Conclusions: This experience with NSM demonstrates the in a carefully selected cohort, oncologic safety and reconstructive outcome are comparable to the current standard of total mastectomy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-17-07.
Effects of Oral Alanine Feeding on Blood Glucose, Plasma Glucagon and Insulin Concentrations in Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants
Authors: Paul R. Williams, Robert H. Fiser, Mark A. Sperling, William Oh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The effects of oral alanine feeding on glucose homeostasis were evaluated in 21 infants who were small for gestational age and 26 who were appropriate for gestational age. In the first 24 hours, basal plasma alanine concentrations were higher in the former. Oral alanine feedings produced a significant rise over baseline levels of plasma alanine and glucagon concentrations in both groups. The blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations also increased significantly in infants who were appropriate but not in those who were small for gestational age. At 25 to 96 hours of age, plasma glucagon, insulin and blood glucose concentrations did not change after the alanine feeding in either group. These data indicate that in the normally nourished infant (appropriate forgestational age), gluconeogenic amino acid (alanine) enhances hepatic glucose output. This phenomenon is not observed in the mainourished infants (small for gestational age), a point that may reflect decreased glycogen stores and ineffective gluconeogenic enzyme system in such infants.