tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatosplenic Cat-Scratch Disease in Children and the Positive Contribution of 18F-FDG Imaging
Authors: Karianne E. Kraft, Rienus A. Doedens, Riemer H. J. A. Slart
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

Two patients were referred to our hospital because of suspected malignancy. In patient 1, a 4-year-old boy, a F-FDG PET scan showed an enlarged liver with multiple FDG-positive nodular lesions. In patient 2, a 16-year-old boy, a FDG PET-(low-dose) CT showed an enlarged liver and spleen with multiple nodular lesions and a solitary hypodense nodule adjacent to the pancreatic head. The lesions were thought to originate from infectious disease or lymphoma. Polymeric chain reaction (PCR) on a liver biopsy was positive for Bartonella henselae. Both patients were treated with antibiotics and recovered completely.
Urinary Phthalate Metabolite Concentrations and Reproductive Outcomes among Women Undergoing <i>in Vitro</i> Fertilization: Results from the EARTH Study
Authors: Russ Hauser, Audrey J. Gaskins, Irene Souter, Kristen W. Smith, Laura E. Dodge, Shelley Ehrlich, John D. Meeker, Antonia M. Calafat, Paige L. Williams
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Evidence from both animal and human studies suggests that exposure to phthalates may be associated with adverse female reproductive outcomes.We evaluated the associations between urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites and outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies (ART).This analysis included 256 women enrolled in the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) prospective cohort study (2004-2012) who provided one to two urine samples per cycle before oocyte retrieval. We measured 11 urinary phthalate metabolites [mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), monocarboxyisooctyl phthalate (MCOP), monocarboxyisononyl phthalate (MCNP), and mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP)]. We used generalized linear mixed models to evaluate the association of urinary phthalate metabolites with in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes, accounting for multiple IVF cycles per woman.In multivariate models, women in the highest as compared with lowest quartile of MEHP, MEHHP, MEOHP, MECPP, ΣDEHP (MEHP + MEHHP + MEOHP + MECPP), and MCNP had lower oocyte yield. Similarly, the number of mature (MII) oocytes retrieved was lower in the highest versus lowest quartile for these same phthalate metabolites. The adjusted differences (95% CI) in proportion of cycles resulting in clinical pregnancy and live birth between women in the fourth versus first quartile of ΣDEHP were -0.19 (-0.29, -0.08) and -0.19 (-0.28, -0.08), respectively, and there was also a lower proportion of cycles resulting in clinical pregnancy and live birth for individual DEHP metabolites.Urinary concentrations of DEHP metabolites were inversely associated with oocyte yield, clinical pregnancy, and live birth following ART.Hauser R, Gaskins AJ, Souter I, Smith KW, Dodge LE, Ehrlich S, Meeker JD, Calafat AM, Williams PL, for the EARTH Study Team. 2016. Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and reproductive outcomes among women undergoing in vitro fertilization: results from the EARTH study. Environ Health Perspect 124:831-839; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509760.
Just in Time
Authors: D J Keljo, R H Squires
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

A 15-year-old white girl has been unable to attend school for three months because of excessive fatigue. For the past seven months she had been short of breath during exercise but had no wheezing or cough. During that time she had lost 6.8 kg in weight and had amenorrhea. The family associated the start of the illness with the administration of diphtheria–tetanus and measles boosters. The patient had previously had no important illnesses, and her family history was not remarkable.She was thin and pale. She weighed 40 kg (<5th percentile) and was 155 cm tall (15th percentile). . . .
Diffuse Cerebral Infarction after Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Roland N Auer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

vide a critical resource for addressing these controversial questions and for evaluating existing and new single-drug and combination-drug therapies.The complex factors contributing to responsiveness to opioids demand sophisticated methods of analgesic drug design in order to advance the chemo-therapy of pain.Opioids should not be withheld on the basis that the pain mechanism or any other factor precludes a favorable response.
Virus of Avian Erythroblastosis. IV. &lt;italic&gt;p&lt;/italic&gt;H and Thermal Stability&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Robert A. Bonar, Dorothy Beard, George S. Beaudreau, D. G. Sharp, J. W. Beard
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1957)

Virus of Avian Erythroblastosis. IV. pH and Thermal Stability2 Robert A. Bonar, Robert A. Bonar Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dorothy Beard, Dorothy Beard Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar George S. Beaudreau, George S. Beaudreau Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. G. Sharp, D. G. Sharp Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. W. Beard J. W. Beard Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 18, Issue 6, June 1957, Pages 831–842, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/18.6.831 Published: 01 June 1957 Article history Received: 08 February 1957 Published: 01 June 1957
Cardiovascular Metabolic Imaging: Physiologic and Biochemical Dynamics In Vivo: Report of a workshop held in Bethesda, Maryland September 16-18, 1984
Authors: James B. Bassingthwaighte, Jeanie B. McMillin-Wood, Truman R. Brown, Thomas F. Budinger, Joanne S. Ingwall, Michael J. Rovetto, Heinrich R. Schelbert, Zena McCallum
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Fifty-eight investigators from the fields of biochemistry, physiology, cardiology, nuclear medicine, and physics met to discuss the development of metabolic imaging techniques for application to cardiovascular and pulmonary studies in health and disease. The workshop was sponsored by the Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and was held on September 16 to 18 in Bethesda, Maryland, in facilities provided by the American College of Cardiology. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions and presents recommendations for future studies.
Synergistic active targeting of dually integrin α v β 3 /CD44-targeted nanoparticles to B16F10 tumors located at different sites of mouse bodies
Authors: Sanjun Shi, Min Zhou, Xin Li, Min Hu, Chenwen Li, Min Li, Fangfang Sheng, Zhuoheng Li, Guolin Wu, Minghe Luo, Huanhuan Cui, Ziwei Li, Ruoqiu Fu, Mingfeng Xiang, Jing Xu, Qian Zhang, Laichun Lu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2016)
Bladder Cancer
Authors: _ _
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2006)

An estimated 61,420 new cases of urinary bladder cancer will be diagnosed in the United States in 2006, making it the fourth most common cancer in men and the ninth most common neoplasm in women. Because the median age of diagnosis is 65 years, medical comorbidities are a frequent consideration. The clinical spectrum of bladder cancer can be divided into 3 categories: noninvasive tumors, invasive lesions, and metastatic lesions. These categories differ in prognosis, management, and therapeutic goals, and these guidelines discuss management strategies to achieve the best possible outcomes. For the most recent version of the guidelines, please visit NCCN.org
Comparison of the dexamethasone suppression test and the cortisol suppression index
Authors: F C Goggans, W R Wilson, M S Gold, A L Pottash
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

Among 50 inpatients, the sensitivity and specificity of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) were 51.7% and 85.7%, respectively. For the cortisol suppression index they were 10.3% and 91% at 8:00 a.m. and 51.7% and 57.1% at 4:00 p.m. Thus, the cortisol suppression index does not appear to be an adequate substitute for the DST.
Abstract B1-08: Deep learning for the large-scale cancer data analysis
Authors: Shingo Tsuji, Hiroyuki Aburatani
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The advanced cancer research fields have been producing vast amount of multi-omics data in various cancer types, and the most of the data are publicly available. It is unquestionably important to analyze these data with unbiased and generalized methodology for obtaining the deeper insights into cancer biology. Machine learning algorithms, such as k-means clustering, Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Random Forests (RF), have been applied to biological data analysis including cancer research. In this area, deep learning is gaining attention due to its high performance and generalized characteristics for analyzing complex data. To explore the possibilities for applying deep learning algorithms to the cancer multi-omics data analysis, we compared the performance among SVM, RF, and deep learning. We build the models for predicting cancer types of TCGA pan-cancer data set, and confirmed the advantages for deep learning. When we applied the algorithm to multi-omics data such as gene expression, DNA methylation, and somatic mutations, the input nodes of the neural network represented each data type. Autoencoders, components of the deep learning models, involve the weighted relationships among the input nodes, therefore we can find the unknown dependencies of some nodes by analyzing the networks of the model. The results suggested that the deep learning architecture would be promising methodology to progress the cancer research in the data explosion era. Citation Format: Shingo Tsuji, Hiroyuki Aburatani. Deep learning for the large-scale cancer data analysis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Computational and Systems Biology of Cancer; Feb 8-11 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 2):Abstract nr B1-08.
Abstract P3-07-47: Comprehensive profiling of metaplastic breast carcinoma reveals frequent over-expression of PD-L1
Authors: Z Gatalica, U Joneja, A Ghazalpour, J Swensen, R Feldman, F Cai, W Chen, N Xiao, S Reddy, J Palazzo
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare subtype of breast carcinoma less responsive to conventional chemotherapy relative to usual breast carcinomas (UBCs) such as ductal and lobular subtype. In molecular terms MBC usually clusters with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), but MBCs portray a worse prognosis in comparison to TNBCs. Published studies investigating MBCs for specific biomarkers of therapy response are rare and limited by the methodological approaches. Methods: This study included 132 patients with 38 histologically confirmed MBCs and 94 UBCs. Amongst the 94 UBCSs, 44 were estrogen receptor positive, 33 were triple negative and 17 were HER2 positive. Direct sequencing analysis was performed on genomic DNA isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPE) using the Illumina MiSeq Next Generation Sequencing platform (NGS). Immunohistochemistry for PD-L1 (SP142, Spring Bioscience), PD-1 (NAT105, Ventana) and EGFR (31G7, Life Technologies) was performed using automated procedures. Additionally, mutation analysis for EGFRvIII was performed on RNA extracted from FFPE tissue. Results: At the genomic level, numerous cases of MBC had multiple genomic alterations with the most frequent genetic mutation in TP53 gene (14/24), similar to the TNBC controls (17/33). BRCA1 mutations were detected in 2/10 cases. Potentially actionable mutations were rare and included PIK3CA gene. Importantly, PD-L1 expression on cancer cells was detected in significantly higher proportion of MBCs (37%) than in the UBC cohort (6%) or TNBC control (14%) (p=3.7x10-5 and p=0.03, respectively). PD-1 positive tumors infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS) varied greatly in MBC (0 to &amp;gt;50/mm2). Over-expression of EGFR was frequent in MBCs (62%); however no mutations in the gene including EGFRvIII were detected. Conclusion: Comprehensive profiling of a large cohort of this rare carcinoma highlighted predominance of TP53 mutations, wild type EGFR gene expression, a distinct increase in proportion of PD-L1 expression in carcinoma cells, and PD-1 expression in TILS. The latter properties can be exploited in clinical trials utilizing immune check point inhibitors. Citation Format: Gatalica Z, Joneja U, Ghazalpour A, Swensen J, Feldman R, Cai F, Chen W, Xiao N, Reddy S, Palazzo J. Comprehensive profiling of metaplastic breast carcinoma reveals frequent over-expression of PD-L1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-47.
Constipation
Authors: Deborah Tolmach Sugerman
Journal: JAMA (2013)

ConstipationConstipation is a symptom, not a disease.Constipation is very common, and for some people, especially older adults, it can be an ongoing concern.People often think that constipation means not having a bowel movement every day.But it is normal to have bowel movements at intervals ranging from 3 times a day to once every 3 days. Signs and Symptoms of Constipation
Abstract IA05: Where the wild things are: Perivascular regulation of disseminated tumor cell dormancy and chemoresistance
Authors: Cyrus M. Ghajar
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract In a significant fraction of breast cancer patients, distant metastases emerge after years or even decades of latency. How disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) are kept dormant, and what wakes them up, are fundamental problems in tumor biology. To address these questions, we use metastasis assays in mice and zebrafish and have determined that the perivascular niche of distant sites like the lung, bone marrow, liver and brain regulate DTC dormancy. We have developed organotypic microvascular niches to specify that endothelial cells regulate breast cancer cell growth, and applied proteomics to identify endothelial-derived mediators of DTC dormancy. More recently, we have begun to explore whether the perivascular niche confers therapeutic resistance to DTCs. I will present data that suggests strongly that the perivascular niche regulates therapeutic resistance of DTCs in a manner that is independent from its role in regulating DTC growth. Our goal is to uncover these mechanisms to guide strategies to eradicate dormant DTCs without affecting their growth status. We believe this will result in a viable strategy to prevent metastasis. Citation Format: Cyrus M. Ghajar. Where the wild things are: Perivascular regulation of disseminated tumor cell dormancy and chemoresistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr IA05.
Abstract P4-10-02: Cancer team approach for implementing survivorship care plans in the breast cancer survivorship clinic
Authors: OC Danciu, SN Bharadwaj, K Hoskins
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: Recommendations from the Institute of Medicine are that cancer patients receive individualized survivorship care plan (SCP) and treatment summary. SCP includes guidelines for monitoring and maintaining health and is a communication tool shared with families and health care providers. Offering SCP and treatment summary to cancer survivors remains challenging due to time and resource limitations, inadequate reimbursement and survivor access. Methods: Survivorship starts when completing the initial treatment (surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy). A team of medical oncologists, nurse practitioner and patient navigator created a process of pre-screening and identifying breast cancer (BC) survivors. SCP and treatment summary were pre-populated, individualized for each patient, then finalized and discussed with the patients during their medical oncology clinic visit. Pre intervention data was retrospectively collected, including all BC cases from March 2014 to March 2015. Post intervention data was prospectively collected over eight weeks. Pre and post intervention SCP completion rates were compared with chi square analysis. Results: A baseline one year review of 1124 encounters noted 23 of 90 (25%) BC survivors received SCP. Ninety-six encounters occurred during the 8 week pilot period. Sixteen (16.6%) cases met the definition of BC survivor. During the pilot period, 15 out of 16 (93.7%) survivors received the SCP and treatment summary (p &amp;lt;0.0001). After the pilot period, 96.4% of BC survivors were seen in the BC survivorship clinic. Conclusions: We successfully piloted the implementation of SCP for BC survivors. Our team found that using clinic visit screening and pre-identifying patients that transition into the survivorship program resulted in improvement of compliance with survivorship measures. In BC survivorship clinic we address specific survivorship issues and review SCP and treatment summary. Citation Format: Danciu OC, Bharadwaj SN, Hoskins K. Cancer team approach for implementing survivorship care plans in the breast cancer survivorship clinic. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-10-02.
Future of clinical coding
Authors: Stephen Andrew Spencer
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Clinical data to improve clinical care

Clinical coding is used to classify the diagnosis and treatment of every inpatient for entry into a national data repository. The data are used for various purposes, mostly administrative. The system relies on the expertise of clinical coders, who extract data from largely unstructured notes using complex rules and a book of codes. The classification systems used in the UK are the international classification of diseases (ICD-10) for symptoms and diagnoses1 and the OPCS classification (OPCS-4) for procedures.2

This system has served the health service well since 1989, but the implementation of electronic patient records will require a radical change.3 Clinicians using electronic records will enter clinical data at the time of patient contact and are therefore in a good position to undertake clinical coding. In fact, it will become a professional responsibility because the data will be needed not just for administrative …
Endoscopic submucosal dissection of early duodenal tumor using the Clutch Cutter: a preliminary clinical study
Authors: Yosuke Minoda, Kazuya Akahoshi, Yoshihiro Otsuka, Masaru Kubokawa, Yasuaki Motomura, Masafumi Oya, Kazuhiko Nakamura
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a minimally invasive method of treating early-stage tumors of the digestive tract. However, duodenal ESD is technically difficult, with high complication rates resulting from poor control of the endoscope, the thin duodenal wall, and the potential for exposure to pancreatic juices [1] [2]. This study evaluated the safety of ESD using the short-type Clutch Cutter for the removal of early duodenal tumors.
Digitalis
Authors: Thomas W. Smith, Edgar Haber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Hemodynamic StudiesContractile Response of the Myocardium to Cardiac GlycosidesNineteenth-century investigators generally overlooked what is now considered to be the major action of digitalis, its augmentation of the force of myocardial contraction. They focused instead on alterations in rhythm and rate, effects on the vagus nerve, and an elusive and ill defined concept, "cardiac tone." Clinicians did not recommend the drug for heart failure with slow normal rhythm, but reserved it for patients with rapid heart rates. Gradually, during the early years of the 20th century, a series of clinical observations led to the realization that the beneficial effects . . .
A 9-Valent HPV Vaccine in Women
Authors: Whitney Clegg, Rachel Caskey, Julie Morita
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

To the Editor: Joura et al. (Feb. 19 issue)1 report that the 9-valent vaccine against human papillomavirus (9vHPV) had an efficacy of 96.7% to prevent high-grade cervical, vulvar, or vaginal dysplasia related to HPV types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 in women. Men who are positive for the human immunodeficiency virus and who have sex with men (HIV+MSM) have a strongly increased risk of persistent anogenital HPV infection and associated anal or penile intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN or PIN) and cancer.2,3 The quadrivalent HPV vaccine effectively prevents disease related to HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 in both women and men.4,5 We have analyzed the HPV spectrum in 451 biopsy specimens of AIN, PIN, and anal and penile cancer obtained from men categorized as HIV+MSM (Table S1 in the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this letter at NEJM.org).2 Although only 45% of the lesions carried HPV types covered by the quadrivalent HPV vaccine, 68% of the HPV types are likely to be covered by the 9vHPV vaccine. Most important, 55% of anal and penile cancers carried the five HPV types that are included only in the 9vHPV vaccine. Unfortunately, HPV vaccination of boys and male adolescents is not yet recommended in several countries that cover HPV vaccination of girls in their national vaccination programs. If future studies show that the 9vHPV vaccine is as effective in men as in women, this vaccine should not be withheld from males.