tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2721: Real-time and label-free aptasensor of VEGF for cancer diagnostics
Authors: Hansang Cho, Raghu Sinha, Luke P. Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Early detection of cancer markers is a critical demand for clinical research, particularly in preventing cancer cells from establishing themselves in a metastatic stage. We have developed a stable, sensitive, and selective detection method utilizing a nanoplasmonic ‘aptasensor’ (aptamer-based sensor) of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for breast cancer diagnostics. Nanoplasmonic aptasensors are prepared by fixing gold nanoplasmonic particles (GNPs) on an amino-silane coated glass slide and coating poly-L-lysine (PLL) on top of GNPs, which provides the GNP with a strong positive-charged surface and a spacing layer avoiding quenching. To accomplish high selectivity, VEGF-specific aptamers are immobilized on the PLL-GNP surface by an electrostatic force. To monitor the event of target binding, the aptamer is conjugated with a fluorescent molecule, Cy-3, which has an absorption peak wavelength (λ = 552 nm) that matches with a localized surface plasmon resonance wavelength of the 80 nm in diameter GNP (λ ≈ 550 nm). In the absence of target VEGF molecules, Cy-3 is spaced in a relevant coupling distance from the GNP surface for the surface plasmon resonance to amplify an incident light and enhance the fluorescent signal of Cy-3. However, once VEGF molecules bind to the aptamer-Cy-3, the conformational change of aptamer occurs, leading to its subsequent detachment from the GNP surface, which results in no signal enhancement and, thus, a loss in the fluorescence intensity. Therefore, the concentration of VEGF molecules can be estimated by measuring the amount of signal decrease in the fluorescence intensity. With high affinity and specificity, the aptasensor of VEGF requires a small amount of sample (10 μL) for a single detection and incubation time of 1 hour at a room temperature. Also, the aptasensor achieves VEGF detection from 100 nM (2 μg/mL) to 100 pM (2 ng/mL) with a signal decrease up to 50%. In contrast, there is no discernible signal change in a non-specific binding protein solution (100 nM bovine serum albumin) or a strong ionic solution (1.4 M NaCl). Furthermore, the aptasensor is applicable to VEGF detection in human fluids, owing to the biological stability of a fully 2′-O-methyl nucleotide-based aptamer. We can detect VEGF molecules present in saliva and serum of breast cancer patients by observing signal decrease corresponding to the concentration of 100 nM (2 μg/mL) VEGF and a consistent decrease with concentration variation from 1 to 100 % in saline. The aptamer-based nanoplasmonic sensor may be useful for not only basic studies on angiogenesis but also clinical research in evaluating the effectiveness of drug candidates that inhibit VEGF secretion. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2721.
Endorectal ultrasound in rectal carcinoma – do the literature results really correspond to the realities of routine clinical care?
Authors: F. Marusch, H. Ptok, M. Sahm, U. Schmidt, K. Ridwelski, I. Gastinger, H. Lippert
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

This multicenter, prospective, country-wide quality-assurance study at more than 300 hospitals in Germany was designed to characterize and analyze the diagnostic accuracy of rectal endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the routine clinical staging of rectal carcinoma (depth of tumor infiltration).Patients were surveyed between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2008. Those who received neoadjuvant therapy after EUS were excluded. The correspondence between the EUS assessment of tumor depth (uT) and that determined by histology (pT) was calculated, and the influence of hospital volume upon the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values was investigated.At 384 hospitals providing care at all levels, 29 206 patients were included; of the 27 458 treated by surgical resection, EUS was performed for 12 235 (44.6 %). Of these, 7096 did not receive neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy, allowing a uT-pT comparison. The uT-pT correspondence was 64.7 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 63.6 % - 65.8 %); the frequency of understaging was 18 % (95 %CI 17.1 % - 18.9 %) and that of overstaging was 17.3 % (95 %CI 16.4 % - 18.2 %). The kappa coefficient was greatest in the category T1 (κ = 0.591). For T3 tumors κ was 0.468. The poorest correspondence was found for T2 and T4 tumors (κ = 0.367 and 0.321, respectively). A breakdown by hospital volume showed that the uT-pT correspondence was 63.2 % (95 %CI 61.5 % - 64.9 %) for hospitals undertaking ≤ 10 EUS/year, 64.6 % (95 %CI 62.9 % - 66.2 %) for doing 11 - 30 EUS/year, and 73.1 % (95 %CI 69.4 % - 76.5 %) for those hospitals performing > 30 EUS/year.In clinical routine, the diagnostic accuracy of transrectal ultrasound in staging rectal carcinoma does not attain the very good results reported in the literature. Only in the hands of diagnosticians with a large case volume of rectal carcinoma patients can EUS lead to therapy-relevant decisions.
Case 14-2008
Authors: Jeffery C. Huffman, Lawrence T. Park, Charles A. Welch, Andrew A. Nierenberg, James L. Januzzi, Stuart R. Pomerantz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A 78-year-old man was admitted to the inpatient psychiatry service because of anergia and anhedonia of 33 months' duration. His symptoms began shortly after he was told he needed repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, persisted despite multiple trials of antidepressant medications, and worsened after repair of the aneurysm. An episode of major depression had occurred at the age of 58 years after coronary-artery bypass surgery and had responded to electroconvulsive therapy. A management decision was made.
Abstract 546: GDC-0032 PI3K inhibitor enhances the efficacy of endocrine therapies in breast cancer cells by differentially regulating the expression of ER-targeted genes and increasing apoptosis.
Authors: Jeffrey J. Wallin, Jane Guan, Rebecca Hong, Carol O'Brien, Timothy Wilson, Michelle Nannini, Deepak Sampath, Marcia Belvin, Lori S. Friedman
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Endocrine therapies such as letrozole or fulvestrant are commonly used treatment options for metastatic Hormone Receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer but patients ultimately relapse. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) regulate breast tumor cell growth, migration and survival. The alpha isoform of PI3K is frequently mutated and activated in HR+ breast cancer and has been implicated in resistance to endocrine therapies. PI3K inhibitors are therefore attractive for combination with endocrine therapies. GDC 0032 is an orally bioavailable, potent, and selective inhibitor of Class I PI3K alpha, delta, and gamma isoforms, with 30 fold less inhibition of the PI3K beta isoform relative to the PI3K alpha isoform. Preclinical data show that GDC-0032 has increased activity against PI3K alpha isoform (PIK3CA) mutant and HER2-amplified cancer cell lines. Single agent and combination studies were carried out to determine if GDC-0032 enhances the anti-tumor activity of endocrine therapies in human breast cancer models. MCF7 cells (Estrogen Receptor positive (ER+), PI3K alpha E545K mutant) were transfected with the aromatase gene and stable clones (MCF7-ARO) were selected that are capable of converting androstenedione to estrogen in culture. When grown in the presence of androstenedione, MCF7-ARO cells were more reliant on estrogen for growth. Under these conditions the cells were treated with GDC-0032 in combination with endocrine therapies and assayed for cellular viability, modulation of PI3K pathway and ER pathway markers and apoptosis induction. The combination of GDC-0032 and endocrine therapies decreased the cellular viability of MCF7-ARO cells and increased apoptosis relative to either single agent. We observed cross-talk between the PI3K and ER pathways that suggests a mechanism of action for the combination. The data provide rationale for evaluating GDC-0032 in combination with endocrine therapies for HR+ breast cancer treatment in the clinic. Citation Format: Jeffrey J. Wallin, Jane Guan, Rebecca Hong, Carol O'Brien, Timothy Wilson, Michelle Nannini, Deepak Sampath, Marcia Belvin, Lori S. Friedman. GDC-0032 PI3K inhibitor enhances the efficacy of endocrine therapies in breast cancer cells by differentially regulating the expression of ER-targeted genes and increasing apoptosis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 546. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-546
Nodal metastasis after successful endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal mucosal cancer
Authors: H. Seo, Y. Kim, K. Cho, E. Kim, I. Hwang, S. Baek, K. Park
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

A 64-year-old man underwent successful en bloc endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the management of two neighboring, laterally spreading tumors that were small, well-differentiated adenocarcinomas. The precise process and results of this procedure have been previously reported [1]. Both lesions were confined to the lamina propria without lymphovascular involvement ([Fig. 1]) and had clear resection margins.
Efficacy of docetaxel in metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): Comparison with therapeutic standards in other solid tumors
Authors: G. L. Pappagallo, S. Spatafora, M. Bari, D. Sartori, O. Vinante
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

5167 Background: Difference of opinion exists between urologists and oncologists as to what constitutes a beneficial survival advantage from a drug. Therefore, the aim of this analysis was to consider the efficacy of docetaxel (DOC) in the treatment of mCRPC as compared with the efficacy results previously observed in breast cancer (BC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: A systematic review (Review Manager 5, Cochrane Collaboration, 2008) of the phase III studies which defined the new standard approaches in the 1st-line cytotoxic chemotherapy of metastatic disease for the above mentioned neoplasms was conducted. The relative efficacy of taxane combinations (TAX) in BC, cisplatin-based doublets (DDP) in NSCLC, 5FU/LV-oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) in CRC and DOC-based combinations in mCRPC were calculated. Efficacy parameters for the present analysis were: a) odds ratio for death (fixed method) and: b) NNT[odds ratio], e.g. the number of patients you need to treat to prevent one additional death, as compared with the control group; the NNT (odds ratio) is (1-(pc*(1-OR))/((1-pc)*pc*(1-OR)), where pc is the proportion of death events in the control arm and OR is the odds ratio for death. Results: BC (4 studies, 1313 patients), TAX vs non TAX: OR 0.84 (95% CL 0.66 1.07), NNT (odds ratio) at 5 years = 28. NSCLC (9 studies, 4671 patients), DDP vs non DDP: OR 0.83 (95% CL 0.74 0.94), NNT (odds ratio) at 1 year = 23. CRC (3 studies, 1256 patients), FOLFOX vs non FOLFOX: OR 0.72 (95% CL 0.54 0.98), NNT (odds ratio) at 5 years = 22. mCRPC (2 studies, 1439 patients), DOC vs non DOC: OR 0.78 (95%CL 0.63 0.96), NNT (odds ratio) at 3 years = 16. Conclusions: TAX in BC, DDP in NSCLC and FOLFOX in CRC are the 1st choice cytotoxic approach to metastatic disease, with relative reductions in the risk of death (RRR) of 16%, 17% and 28%, respectively; thus, you will need to treat 28, 23 and 22 patients to prevent one additional death, in the order. DOC had a similar RRR (22%) and the most favourable (16 patients) NNT (odds ratio) in this analysis. Both the quality of evidence and the small number of patients to treat with DOC to avoid one additional death did recommend this chemotherapy in 1st-line mCRPC. [Table: see text]
Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis in a Child
Authors: Ju Yin, Kunling Shen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

A 6-year-old girl presented with a 4-year history of recurrent, nonproductive cough. The physical examination was unremarkable. A chest radiograph revealed dense, bilateral, reticulonodular opacities in the middle and lower lung fields.
Radiation and High-Dose Metronidazole in Supratentorial Glioblastomas
Authors: Raul Urtasun, Pierre Band, J. Donald Chapman, Michael L. Feldstein, Bruce Mielke, Carol Fryer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

We used "high-dose" metronidazole, an "in vitro" and "in vivo" specific radiosensitizer of hypoxic cells, in a controlled trial to evaluate possible enhancement of radiation effect in patients with supratentorial glioblastomas. Thirty-six patients were stratified according to functional level and randomly allocated within two weeks of operation to one of two therapeutic groups: Group 1, radiation alone; and Group 2, radiation as in Group 1 but with high-dose metronidazole. We examined survival with the Kaplan-Meier probability plot and non-parametric tests. Patients in Group 2 had a 4 1/2-month delay between relapse and subsequent death (P = 0.02). This shift of the survival curves suggests a delay in the time of tumor regrowth consistent with the ability of metronidazole to make the hypoxic tumor cells less radioresistant. Nitroimidazole derivatives may be useful radiosensitizers in human solid tumors.
Methylation status of DJ-1 in leukocyte DNA of Parkinson’s disease patients
Authors: Yuyan Tan, Li Wu, Dunhui Li, Xiaoli Liu, Jianqing Ding, Shengdi Chen
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2016)

DJ-1 has been thought as a candidate biomarker for Parkinson's disease (PD). It was found reduced in PD brains, CSF and saliva, although there were conflicting results. How DJ-1 expression may be regulated is not clear. Recently, blood-based DNA methylation represents a highly promising biomarker for PD by regulating the causative gene expression. Thus, in this study, we try to explore whether blood-based DNA methylation of DJ-1 could be used as a biomarker to differentiate PD patients from normal control (NC), and whether DNA methylation could regulate DJ-1 expression in a SH-SY5Y cell model.Forty PD patients and 40 NC were recruited in this study. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). Methylation status of two CpG islands (CpG1 and CpG2) in promoter region of DJ-1 was explored by bisulfite specific PCR-based sequencing method. Methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-dC was used to treat SH-SY5Y cell line, DJ-1 level was detected in both mRNA and protein level.CpG sites in these two CpG islands (CpG1 and CpG2) of DJ-1 were unmethylated in both PD and NC group. In SH-SY5Y cell model treated by methylation inhibitor, there was no significant change of DJ-1 expression in either mRNA level or protein level.Our results indicated that DNA methylation inhibitor didn't alter DJ-1 gene expression in SH-SY5Y cell model, and DNA methylation of DJ-1 promoter region in PBLs level might not be an efficient biomarker for PD patients.
Reply to Lévy et al.
Authors: N. Jani, K. McGrath
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

We appreciate the interest of Dr. Lévy and colleagues [1] in our report [2]. We agree that endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) should be performed to direct clinical management, meaning FNA results will affect surgical decision making. Our purpose in publishing this multicenter experience was twofold: (i) to increase awareness in the EUS community of this very rare entity, the solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT), and (ii) to evaluate, we emphasize, the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA in making a definitive diagnosis, as compared to surgical pathology. The key word here is ”diagnostic.” No patient in the series was referred with a pre-EUS suspicion of an SPT, and SPT was included in the differential diagnosis on the EUS report in only 50 % of cases in our series. Thus it was considered, but not necessarily suspected. This tumor is frequently misdiagnosed as a neuroendocrine tumor preoperatively. In the study by Bardeles et al., 50 % of the cases were diagnosed as neuroendocrine tumors based upon the EUS appearance [3]. In our series, five patients were diagnosed with neuroendocrine tumors by EUS-FNA cytology and immunostaining (as immunostains specific for SPT were not performed). Hence, our purpose herein of increasing awareness and recommending immunostain profiles when this lesion is considered, which will increase the diagnostic accuracy.
Effects of Low Concentrations of Asbestos
Authors: Raymond L. H. Murphy, Benjamin G. Ferris, William A. Burgess, Jane Worcester, Edward A. Gaensler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Abstract Low-level asbestos exposure, as occurs in pipe coverers in new ship construction, has not been considered dangerous. We surveyed 101 such workers and 94 controls matched for age, duration of employment and smoking habits in a New England yard. Dust exposure, under surveillance for 20 years, had been near the then recommended threshold limit value of 5 million particles per cubic foot (mppcf). Asbestosis was defined by presence of three or more of five standardized clinical abnormalities including dyspnea, rales, finger clubbing, reduced vital capacity and x-ray shadows. The latter were judged by three observers unaware of the exposure history. Asbestosis was 11 times more common among pipe coverers than among controls; it was found first after 13 years of exposure or 60 mppcf-years, and the prevalence was 38 per cent after 20 years. This study emphasizes that low concentrations of asbestos can lead to pulmonary fibrosis and supports the need for lower threshold limit values.
Long-Term Treatment of Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis with Chenodeoxycholic Acid
Authors: Vladimir M. Berginer, Gerald Salen, Sarah Shefer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

We studied the effect of chenodeoxycholic acid in 17 patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. Before treatment, all subjects were symptomatic, with Achilles tendon xanthomas (in 15 of 17), cataracts (in 12 of 17), dementia (in 13 of 17), pyramidal-tract signs (in all 17), cerebellar dysfunction (in 13 of 17), mild peripheral neuropathy (in 7 of 17), electroencephalographic abnormalities (in 10 of 13), and abnormal cerebral computerized axial tomographic scans (in 10 of 12). After at least one year of chenodeoxycholic acid treatment (750 mg per day), dementia cleared in 10 subjects, and pyramidal and cerebellar signs disappeared in 5 and improved in another 8. Peripheral neuropathy was no longer detected in six. The electroencephalogram became normal in five and showed fewer abnormalities in another three subjects. Cerebral computerized axial tomographic scans improved in seven patients; the changes included the disappearance of a cerebellar xanthoma in one case. Concomitantly, mean plasma cholestanol levels declined threefold, and abnormal bile acid synthesis was suppressed. We conclude that long-term therapy with chenodeoxycholic acid may correct the biochemical abnormalities and arrest and possibly reverse the progression of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis.
Abstract 196: A real-time PCR based long noncoding RNA profiler for cancer research
Authors: Fangting Wu, Yin-Yuan Mo
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides, which are abundantly expressed in human and mouse. A recent study indicates that there are at least 16,000 ncRNAs among which over 3,000 are lncRNAs. In particular, accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulation of lncRNAs is associated with many types of human diseases, highlighting their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, studies on lncRNA are still at a very early stage and our understanding of lncRNA function is very limited. Thus, investigation of the expression patterns of lncRNAs is a crucial step to understanding of their roles in normal physiological process as well as disease conditions such as cancer. To this end, we developed a qPCR based disease-related human lncRNA profiler, which allows for the quantification of differential expression of 83 individual lncRNAs among various experimental RNA samples. All 83 lncRNAs chosen for the array are based on publications and the majority of them are associated with cancer. To determine the utility of this lncRNA profiler, we profiled their expression in breast cancer specimens compared to matched normal tissue and identified several lncRNAs are dysregulated, suggesting that lncRNAs may function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. In addition to those that have already been reported in the literature, we also identified dysregulation of a few lncRNAs not yet in the literature. Furthermore, gene expression profiling with this lncRNA profiler in a series of breast cell lines such as MCF10A, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells identified differential expression patterns unique to each cell line, which may provide a basis for future analysis of these differentially expressed lncRNAs. Finally, we identified several lncRNAs that are induced by p53 in HCT-116 and MCF-7 cells. Experiments are underway to further characterize these p53 inducible lncRNAs. Together, these results suggest that this lncRNA profiler is a valuable research tool for cancer research. The features of this profiler are easy, convenient, sensitive and specific. Accordingly, it serves the first step toward the understanding of the role of lncRNAs in cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 196. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-196
Improved Light-Microscopical Detection of Microsporidia Spores in Stool and Duodenal Aspirates
Authors: R Weber, R T Bryan, R L Owen, C M Wilcox, L Gorelkin, G S Visvesvara
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

The diagnosis of infection with Enterocytozoon bieneusi, a microsporidian organism that causes chronic diarrhea in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has depended on invasive procedures. We have developed a new method to detect microsporidia spores in feces and duodenal aspirates.
SpyBite-assisted biliary cannulation for intradiverticular papilla during ERCP
Authors: John Levenick, Timothy Gardner, Zilla Hussain, Stuart Gordon
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Periampullary diverticula are common, occurring in up to 20 % of patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) [1] [2]. A subset of these patients has a true intradiverticular papilla (IDP), which can make biliary cannulation more challenging. Several techniques to facilitate common bile duct (CBD) cannulation have been described in case reports and series, including a double-wire endoclip-assisted technique [3], and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided or percutaneous-guided rendezvous techniques [4]. Here we report a single case that demonstrates a technique that has been used at our institution on multiple patients with difficult to cannulate IDPs using SpyBite forceps (Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) to change the anatomic positioning of the papilla to gain access.
Effects of Arsenic in Drinking Water on Risk of Hepatitis or Cirrhosis in Persons With and Without Chronic Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Ling-I. Hsu, Yuan-Hung Wang, Fang-I. Hsieh, Tse-Yen Yang, Rachel Wen-Juei Jeng, Chien-Ting Liu, Chi-Ling Chen, Kuang-Hung Hsu, Hung-Yi Chiou, Meei-Maan Wu, Chien-Jen Chen
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2016)