tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early assessment of response to treatment in breast cancer by [<sup>18</sup>F]fluorothymidine-positron emission tomography
Authors: L. M. Kenny, D. M. Vigushin, R. C. Coombes, S. Osman, S. Shousha, A. Al-Nahhas, E. Aboagye
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

2084 Background: Current radiological methods for assessing treatment response in breast cancer provide little information on tumour biology and often require several cycles of treatment before changes in tumour volume can be visualised. We assessed the feasibility of quantitative FLT-PET measurement of cellular proliferation as an early non-invasive measure of response. Methods: The relationship between FLT uptake and proliferation, reproducibility of the technique, and the effect of chemotherapy on FLT uptake were assessed in patients with primary or metastatic breast cancer. Patients with lesions ≥ 2.5 cm in diameter were eligible. Two FLT-PET scans were performed in the week prior to starting chemotherapy. Patients were then scanned one week after treatment with 5-fluorouracil 600mg/m2, epirubicin 60 mg/m2, and cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2. For PET scanning 150–370 MBq of FLT was injected i.v. followed by dynamic imaging for 90 min. Analyses of FLT and FLT glucuronide in blood were performed during the scan. Tumour regions of interest were defined and the pharmacokinetics of FLT in tissues calculated. Results: In patients with suitable histology, the kinetic parameter Ki (net irreversible transfer rate constant of FLT from plasma to tumour) correlated best with Ki-67 labelling index, a histological measure of proliferation (r=0.92, n=9 patients, p=0.0004). FLT-PET was found to be reproducible (mean Ki for scan 1 and scan 2 were 4.28±0.84 x 10-4and 3.94± 0.70 x10-4ml plasma.sec-1. ml tissue-1, respectively (p=0.09); coefficient of repeatability was 1.05. At one week post chemotherapy, 3 out of 11 patients showed an FLT-response, i.e. a significant reduction in FLT uptake from the pre-treatment value. In one patient, an FLT-response was observed in an axillary metastasis but not in the primary tumour. Conclusion: We have demonstrated the feasibility of FLT-PET to quantify early changes in tumour cell proliferation after chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Aleukemic Leukemia Cutis in an Adolescent Boy
Authors: Ralf Husak, Ulrike Blume-Peytaki, Constantin E. Orfanos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: Slightly elevated bluish-gray nodules developed on the lower legs of a 16-year-old boy in April 1997. The nodules were asymptomatic, and the boy was otherwise in good health. Examinations by various physicians yielded no diagnosis. The boy consulted our clinic because of rapid progression over the next four months. A physical examination disclosed numerous 1-to-4-cm bluish-gray nodules on the entire body surface but predominantly on the legs (Figure 1). The nodules were not pruritic, painful, or tender. The examination was otherwise normal. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was normal, as were the complete blood count and the results . . .
Abstract 15327: The Effect of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease With Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Ju Ryung Moon, June Huh, I-Seok Kang, Jin Young Song, Sung A Chang, Seung Woo Park, Ji-Hyuk Yang, Tae-Gook Jun
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Objective: Some 30 percent of adults with congenital heart disease experience depression. This study aims to show the effectiveness of the rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) in reducing depre...
Reducing the Risk of High-Order Multiple Pregnancy after Ovarian Stimulation with Gonadotropins
Authors: Norbert Gleicher, Denise M. Oleske, Ilan Tur-Kaspa, Andrea Vidali, Vishvanath Karande
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

The incidence of multiple gestation after therapy for infertility is especially high among women in whom ovulation is induced with gonadotropins. Whether the number of high-order multiple pregnancies (those with three or more fetuses) can be reduced is not known.We analyzed data on 3347 consecutive treatment cycles in 1494 infertile women, 441 of which resulted in pregnancy. The data collected included the peak serum estradiol concentration, the number of follicles 16 mm or larger in diameter, and the total number of follicles on the day of induction of ovulation with human chorionic gonadotropin. Receiver-operating-characteristic curves and ordinal logistic-regression analyses were used to identify values that predicted multiple conceptions.Among the 441 pregnancies, 314 resulted from the conception of singletons, 88 of twins, 22 of triplets, 10 of quadruplets, 5 of quintuplets, and 2 of sextuplets. Neither the number of follicles 16 mm or larger nor peak serum estradiol concentrations greater than 2000 or 2500 pg per milliliter (7342 or 9178 pmol per liter) (the cutoff values currently in wide use) were significantly associated with the incidence of high-order multiple pregnancy. However, increasing total numbers of follicles and increasing peak serum estradiol concentrations correlated significantly with an increasing risk of high-order multiple pregnancy (P<0.001), as did younger age (P=0.008). The risk of high-order multiple pregnancy was significantly increased in women with a peak serum estradiol concentration of 1385 pg per milliliter (5084 pmol per liter) or higher (multivariate odds ratio, 1.9; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 2.8) or with seven or more follicles (multivariate odds ratio, 2.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 3.9) on the day of induction of ovulation.Gonadotropin stimulation that is less intensive than is currently customary may reduce the incidence of high-order multiple pregnancy in infertile women, though only to a limited extent and at the expense of overall pregnancy rates.
SAT0443 A Prediction Model for Progressive Disease in Systemic Sclerosis: Table 1.
Authors: J. Meijs, A. Schouffoer, N. Ajmone Marsan, T. Stijnen, M. Ninaber, T. Huizinga, J. de Vries-Bouwstra
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Several algorithms have been developed to predict 5-year survival in systemic sclerosis (SSc) (1-3). Ideally, in order to guide individualized management of SSc patients, a model combining outcome parameters for several organ systems and mortality predicting disease course at short term, should be available. <h3>Objectives</h3> To develop a model that assesses the risk for progressive disease in SSc patients at short term, in order to guide clinical management. <h3>Methods</h3> Baseline characteristics and one year follow-up results of 163 SSc patients referred to a multidisciplinary health care program were evaluated. Progressive disease was defined as: death, ≥10% decrease in forced vital capacity, ≥15% decrease in diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, ≥10% decrease in body weight, ≥30% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate, ≥30% increase in modified Rodnan Skin Score (with Δ ≥3), or ≥0.25 increase in Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire. The number of patients with progressive disease was determined. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine probability of progressive disease for each individual patient. Performance of the prediction model was evaluated using a calibration plot and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. <h3>Results</h3> Sixty-seven patients had progressive disease, including 8 patients who died ≤18 months after first evaluation. Multivariable analysis showed that decreased maximum oxygen uptake as % predicted, adjusted for age, gender and use of immunosuppressive therapy at baseline, was significantly associated with progressive disease (Table 1). Using the prediction model, the predicted chance for progressive disease increased from a pretest chance of 39% to 61-83%. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Using the prediction model the chance for progressive disease for individual patients could be doubled. Maximum oxygen uptake as % predicted was identified as relevant parameter, indicating that exercise testing should be incorporated in baseline screening. <h3>References</h3> Beretta L, Santaniello A, Cappiello F, Chawla NV, Vonk MC, Carreira PE, et al. Development of a five-year mortality model in systemic sclerosis patients by different analytical approaches. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2010 March;28(2 Suppl 58):S18-S27. Bryan C, Knight C, Black CM, Silman AJ. Prediction of five-year survival following presentation with scleroderma: development of a simple model using three disease factors at first visit. Arthritis Rheum 1999 December;42(12):2660-5. Fransen J, Popa-Diaconu D, Hesselstrand R, Carreira P, Valentini G, Beretta L, et al. Clinical prediction of 5-year survival in systemic sclerosis: validation of a simple prognostic model in EUSTAR centres. Ann Rheum Dis 2011 October;70(10):1788-92. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Frequency of Bacteriuria in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Andrew Huvos, Heonir Rocha
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

DESPITE increasing recognition over the past twenty-five years of the importance of urinary-tract infections as a cause of chronic renal disease1 2 3 4 there are relatively few and contradictory clinical5 6 7 and autopsy4 , 8 9 10 11 data regarding the prevalence of these infections in the general population. One of the factors responsible for this has been uncertainty concerning the major diagnostic tool, culture of the urine, as a method for differentiating true infections from bacterial contamination of the lower genitourinary tract. This obstacle has been overcome by the recent revival of the use of quantitative cultures, and criteria for the significance of bacteriuria.12 13 14 15 16 17 On the basis . . .
High-Dose Intravenous Immune Globulin and the Response to Splenectomy in Patients with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Calvin Law, Michael Marcaccio, Peter Tam, Nancy Heddle, John G. Kelton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

High-dose intravenous immune globulin produces a temporary rise in the platelet count in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Splenectomy may also be effective, but it is not possible to predict which patients will have a good response. We hypothesized that the response to intravenous immune globulin predicts the response to splenectomy.We studied retrospectively 30 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura who had first been treated with immune globulin and then undergone splenectomy. The responses to the two treatments were classified on the basis of the platelet count as poor (<50,000 per cubic millimeter), good (50,000 to 150,000 per cubic millimeter), or excellent (>150,000 per cubic millimeter).All nine patients who had poor responses to intravenous immune globulin also had poor responses to splenectomy at one year. Of the 21 patients with good or excellent responses to intravenous immune globulin, 19 had good or excellent responses to splenectomy.Patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura who have good or excellent responses to intravenous immune globulin are likely to have good or excellent responses to splenectomy, whereas patients who have poor responses to intravenous immune globulin are unlikely to have good or excellent responses to splenectomy.
Case 16-1981
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Leo C. Ginns, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Presentation of CaseA 59-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of hemoptysis.The patient was a commercial fisherman who was well until five years earlier, when the onset of arthralgia in the knees, ankles, feet, and elbows caused him to retire from his work. Aspirin gave partial relief. Ten days before admission the arthralgia worsened, and he coughed up a small amount of pink sputum. A physician prescribed indomethacin, without benefit. On the day before entry he coughed up obvious blood. On the following day hemoptysis recurred, and he came to this hospital.The patient had smoked two . . .
Appendicitis in Children
Authors: Stephen W. Meagher, John H. Crandon, Alexander J. A. Campbell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

REVIEW was made of all children under thirteen years of age subjected to appendectomy at the Boston City Hospital from January 1, 1950, to January 1, 1953. Included in this series, which totaled 405 cases, were 43 in which elective "interval appendectomy" was performed. The findings in this subgroup, including the rate of diagnostic error, were taken into account in all calculations. Objection may be made to the inclusion of "interval appendectomy" in this series on the ground that this procedure does not represent surgery for appendicitis. We believe that this point is technically correct but unrealistic. From a practical . . .
Teenagers at upper end of normal body weight have higher mortality in adult life, study shows
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Adolescents at the upper end of the range for normal body weight have higher cardiovascular and all cause mortality in young adulthood or midlife, shows a large follow-up study that found an even higher risk in people who were overweight or obese in their teenage years.1

Researchers followed up 2.3 million Israeli adolescents (mean age 17.3 ± 0.4 years) for 40 years, looking at deaths in relation to baseline body mass index (BMI). Study participants were included in a …
A Mutant Cell Line Derived From NIH/3T3 Cells: Two Oncogenes Required for In Vitro Transformation&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: E Katz, B J Carter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

EK-3, a cell line derived from NIH/3T3 cells, was isolated. These cells are nontumorigenic to NIH Swiss nude mice. They required both myc and ras genes for in vitro transformation in contrast to NIH/3T3 cells, which are efficiently transformed following transfection by ras alone. Two other genes, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase and geneticin resistance, could be efficiently transfected and expressed in both EK-3 cells and the parental NIH/3T3 cells. Thus the possibility that the requirement of myc in EK3 cells is due to low efficiency of transfection could be ruled out. The present study suggests that myc plays a significant role in the overall process of transformation rather than simply immortalization of the cells. The EK-3 line can be very helpful in elucidating this function.
Predominantly T-Cell Infiltrate in Rheumatoid Synovial Membranes
Authors: John A. van Boxel, Stephen A. Paget
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Lymphocytes infiltrating synovial membranes were characterized in eight patients with proliferative rheumatoid synovitis. Surface immunoglobulins were studied with use of immunofluorescence, and the C3 receptor was detected by adherence of red cells coated with antibody and complement - both are B-cell markers. Spontaneous rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes was used as a T-cell marker. To obtain viable lymphocytes in suspension, the villous synovium of five of these patients was digested with collagenase and deoxyribonuclease. Populations enriched in lymphocytes could be obtained by velocity sedimentation. Whereas only 9 to 35 per cent of lymphocytes bore surface immunoglobulins, the majority (70 to 85 per cent) formed sheep-erythrocyte rosettes. Cells bearing the C3 receptor constituted a distinct minority of synovial lymphocytes in frozen-tissue sections, and were found in follicle-like accumulations. These data indicate that the predominant infiltrating lymphocyte in proliferative rheumatoid synovitis is a T cell.
Pharmaco-epidemiology in 136 hospitalized schizophrenic patients
Authors: J M Zito, T J Craig, J Wanderling, C Siegel
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

The authors surveyed pharmacotherapy in a group of 136 newly admitted patients with a DSM-III diagnosis of schizophrenia. They found that nine antipsychotic agents were used; the median daily dose (in chlorpromazine equivalents) was 1088 mg (mean +/- SD = 1428 +/- 1260 mg; range = 75-6186 mg). Women received greater mean daily doses of antipsychotics than men (1688 versus 1284 mg). Using a Cox model survival analysis, the authors found no statistical association between length of stay and the mean daily dose of antipsychotic medication. The mean daily dose of high-potency agents was 2.7 times greater than the dose of low-potency agents. The excess exposure to haloperidol alone resulted in 16.3% of the overall neuroactive drug costs.
A Comparison of Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Determinations in 200 Patients with Mongolism and in 200 Familial Controls
Authors: Mary Ann O'Sullivan, Charles V. Pryles, Robert A. April
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

SINCE 1939, when Gomori1 first demonstrated alkaline phosphatase activity in the cells of the blood and bone marrow, interest has been centered on the significance of this enzyme in the cells and on the variations in its concentration in different clinical entities. The alkaline phosphatase activity of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes is diminished in chronic myelogenous leukemia.2 3 4 At the same time evidence has been accumulating that an abnormally small acrocentric chromosome (No. 21, Denver classification) is present in most cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia5; this has been called the Philadelphia chromosome, or more correctly Ph.Patients with mongolism have been . . .
Red-Cell Antibodies in Acquired Hemolytic Anemia with Negative Antiglobulin Serum Tests
Authors: Bruce C. Gilliland, Elizabeth Baxter, Robert S. Evans
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Of eight patients with acquired immunohemolytic anemia, six had persistently negative and two reversibly negative direct antiglobulin tests (Coombs tests). In five of the six, the red cells were shown by a complement-fixing antibody consumption technic to have abnormal amounts of γG globulin on their surfaces, ranging from 70 to 434 molecules per red cell. The two whose red cells gave reversible direct antiglobulin tests were found to have 160 and 700 molecules of γG per red cell respectively. Concentrated eluates prepared from red cells of six of the eight patients sensitized normal red cells; three of the eluates failed to react only with Rh-null red cells. These findings indicate that immunohemolytic anemia can occur with concentrations of red-cell autoantibodies below that necessary to produce red-cell agglutination by antihuman globulin serum.
Zika Can Cause Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2016)

An international team of researchers recently provided evidence linking Zika virus infection to cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS); (Cao-Lormeau V-M et al. Lancet. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00562-6 [published online February 29, 2016]).
Human Herpes Virus 6 Reactivation and Disease After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Raffaella Greco, Francesca Lorentino, Lara Crucitti, Luca Vago, Maria Teresa Lupo Stanghellini, Alessandra Forcina, Fabio Giglio, Mara Morelli, Maria Rosaria Carbone, Veronica Valtolina, Maddalena Noviello, Sarah Marktel, Andrea Assanelli, Magda Marcatti, Jacopo Peccatori, Massimo Bernardi, Chiara Bonini, Fabio Ciceri, Consuelo Corti
Journal: Blood (2013)
Genotyping with DNA Probes in Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome with Defective Expression of HLA
Authors: Agnès Marcadet, Daniel Cohen, Jean Dausset, Alain Fischer, Anne Durandy, Claude Griscelli
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

We performed HLA genotyping by using restriction-enzyme fragments hybridized with specific HLA probes instead of traditional immunologic methods in two patients whose lymphocytes expressed so few HLA antigens on the cell surface that serologic methods failed. Segregation of restriction-fragment-length polymorphism permitted identification of the genotypes. In addition, known correlations between serologically determined antigens and restriction-fragment-length polymorphism were confirmed. We applied this approach in making therapeutic decisions regarding bone marrow transplantation.
Case 2-2007
Authors: John F. Thompson, F. Stephen Hodi, Artur Zembowicz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 49-year-old woman was seen in consultation for management of cutaneous melanoma. A pigmented lesion on her upper arm had been excised at another facility, and a superficial spreading malignant melanoma, 0.91 mm thick, with a vertical growth phase was diagnosed. Sentinel lymph-node biopsy disclosed a nest of tumor cells in one of two lymph nodes. A decision on management was made.
Mitraclip therapy in patients with functional mitral regurgitation and missing leaflet coaptation: is it still an exclusion criterion?
Authors: Marianna Adamo, Ermanna Chiari, Salvatore Curello, Cristian Maiandi, Giuliano Chizzola, Claudia Fiorina, Mario Frontini, Giovanni Cuminetti, Elena Pezzotti, Riccardo Rovetta, Carlo Mario Lombardi, Aldo Manzato, Marco Metra, Federica Ettori
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2016)
Quantitative Assessment of Knee Effusion‐Synovitis in Older Adults: Association With Knee Structural Abnormalities
Authors: Xia Wang, Leigh Blizzard, Xingzhong Jin, Zhongshan Chen, Zhaohua Zhu, Weiyu Han, Andrew Halliday, Flavia Cicuttini, Graeme Jones, Changhai Ding
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

To describe the natural history of quantitatively measured knee effusion-synovitis and the longitudinal associations between effusion-synovitis and knee structural factors, including cartilage defects, cartilage volume, subchondral bone marrow lesions, and meniscal pathology, in older adults.A total of 406 subjects (with a mean age of 63 years, 50% women) were randomly selected at baseline and followed up 2.7 years later. T2- or T1-weighted fat saturation magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess knee effusion-synovitis maximal area, cartilage defects, cartilage volume, bone marrow lesions, and meniscal pathology at baseline and follow-up. Multivariable generalized linear regression was performed to analyze the associations between the maximal area of effusion-synovitis and other joint structural factors after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, tibial bone area, and/or radiographic osteoarthritis (OA).Over 2.7 years of follow-up, the size of effusion-synovitis increased in 29%, remained stable in 50%, and decreased in 22% of the participants. Baseline effusion-synovitis maximal area was significantly associated with changes in knee cartilage defects (β = 0.18 [95% confidence interval (95% CI)] 0.07, 0.29), bone marrow lesions (β = 0.17 [95% CI 0.05, 0.30]), and cartilage volume (β = -0.40 [95% CI -0.71, -0.09]) but not with change in meniscal pathology. In contrast, baseline structural measures were not associated with change or increase in effusion-synovitis maximal area.Our findings indicate that knee effusion-synovitis is not static in older adults. It is predictive of, but not predicted by, other structural abnormalities, suggesting a potential role in early knee OA changes.