tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medulloblastoma Genotype Dictates Blood Brain Barrier Phenotype
Authors: Timothy N. Phoenix, Deanna M. Patmore, Scott Boop, Nidal Boulos, Megan O. Jacus, Yogesh T. Patel, Martine F. Roussel, David Finkelstein, Liliana Goumnerova, Sebastien Perreault, Elizabeth Wadhwa, Yoon-Jae Cho, Clinton F. Stewart, Richard J. Gilbertson
Journal: Cancer Cell (2016)
Abstract 405: Innate immunity in taxol-mediated tumor regression
Authors: Hallie E. Kuhn, James Orth, Ralph Weissleder, Timothy Mitchison
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Taxol is a common chemotherapeutic used against many tumor types, including breast, ovarian and lung tumors. However, the mechanism by which it promotes tumor regression is unclear. While in cell culture taxol kills dividing cells, its ability to promote regression of slow growing tumors in some patients suggests it may have additional actions in vivo. To better understand taxol drug response in vivo we profiled xenograft tumors 1, 4, and 7 days post-drug treatment for changes gene expression and cytokine levels. Enrichment of genes associated with immune response pathways, and an increase in chemotactic cytokines Rantes and Mip-1α, suggest a pro-inflammatory immune response. In accordance, immunohistochemistry confirms that tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are recruited following treatment. While TAMs are generally considered pro-tumorigenic, our system suggests that macrophages may play a cytotoxic role under certain conditions. Understanding the mechanisms by which macrophages can be pro or anti-tumor growth following drug treatment will shed light on the heterogeneity in patient response and may suggest more efficacious, targeted treatment strategies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 405. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-405
Case 39-1979
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Harold T. Dodge, John T. Fallon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Presentation of CaseA 50-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of biventricular failure.A heart murmur was discovered at the age of six years, and he became intolerant of exercise in his teens. At 33 years of age he was seen at this hospital, where a diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus was made. He declined further investigation and surgical repair. At the age of 44 years he became dyspneic at rest and experienced the acute onset of severe respiratory distress. He returned to this hospital, where examination revealed atrial fibrillation and evidence of pulmonary edema. Digitalis and diuretic . . .
Resistance to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) therapy in relapsing acute promyelocytic leukemia: study of in vitro ATRA sensitivity and cellular retinoic acid binding protein levels in leukemic cells [see comments]
Authors: L Delva, M Cornic, N Balitrand, F Guidez, JM Miclea, A Delmer, F Teillet, P Fenaux, S Castaigne, L Degos
Journal: Blood (1993)
p16 Expression and Breast Cancer Risk in Women with Atypical Hyperplasia.
Authors: M. Santisteban, H. Berman, C. Reynolds, M. Gauthier, M. Frost, R. Vierkant, S. Pankratz, S. Anderson, T. Tlsty, L. Hartmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: p16 is a nuclear protein encoded by the p16INK4a gene that regulates the G1-S cell cycle checkpoint. Its overexpression could reflect normal proliferative arrest, but also the evolution of carcinogenic processes that have overcome the p16 block, with progression from hyperplasic lesions to invasive breast cancer. Our aim with this study was to correlate p16 expression, both individually and in combination with expression of COX-2 and Ki67, with subsequent risk of breast cancer among women with atypical hyperplasia. Methods: p16 expression was assessed by immunohistochemical assays in archival paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed sections from 233 women with atypia whose biopsy specimens were obtained via surgical excision at the Mayo Clinic from January 1, 1967, through December 31, 1991. p16 expression was scored as percent of cells positive and intensity of staining. Risk factor information and follow-up for breast cancer events were obtained via study questionnaire and the medical records. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were used to compare observed numbers of breast cancer events to population-based expected counts, both at 10 years and over the entire course of follow-up. Results: Forty-seven patients (20%) developed breast cancer with a mean follow-up of 14.3 (SD=6.96) years. The overall risk of developing breast cancer was not modified by increasing p16 overexpression (low percent of staining with RR=3.89, 95% CI=2.72 to 5.56; high percent of staining with RR=3.91, 95% CI=2.43 to 6.28; similar results for intensity of staining). However, overexpression of both p16 and COX2 conveyed a stronger risk of breast cancer (SIR=4.01, 95% CI 2.28 to 7.07) as compared to dual low expression (SIR 1.78, 95% CI 0.67-4.74). Moreover, overexpression of both Ki67 and p16 was related to a higher 10-year breast cancer risk (SIR 6.25, 95% CI 2.35-16.6) as compared to low expression of both markers (SIR 0.87, 95% CI 0.22-3.49). Conclusions: although single expression of p16 does not stratify breast cancer risk, its overexpression in concert with biomarkers that reflect other carcinogenic processes (e.g. Ki67 and COX2) could help to define risk of tumor development. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 910.
TCTAP A-149 Clinical Outcome of Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation for Isolated Left Circumflex Ostial Stenosis
Authors: Masakazu Tsutsumi, Toshiya Muramatsu, Hiroshi Ishimori, Keisuke Hirano, Masatsugu Nakano, Masahiro Yamawaki, Motoharu Araki, Norihiro Kobayashi, Hideyuki Takimura, Yasunari Sakamoto, Shinsuke Mori, Takuro Takama, Hiroya Takafuji, Yohsuke Honda, Takahiro Tokuda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
P446 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN MICROBIOLOGICAL ISOLATIONS IN SPONTANEOUS BACTERIAL PERITONITIS BETWEEN 2009 AND 2013
Authors: K. Klimova, C. Padilla Suárez, A. Fernández Yunquera, M. Senosiaín Labiano, A. Ochoa Palominos, R. Bañares Cañizares, G. Clemente Ricote
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
The Use of Three-Phase Scintigraphy for Diagnosing Hemangiomas of the Extremities
Authors: YUJI MURATA, ICHIRO YAMADA, ISAO UMEHARA, HITOSHI SHIBUYA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Five hemangiomas were found in four patients and were assessed by three-phase blood perfusion and blood-pool scintigraphy to determine the usefulness of this method for the imaging characteristics of different types of hemangiomas of the extremities. After injecting Tc-99m RBC or Tc-99m DTPA HSA, dynamic perfusion and early and delayed pool images were obtained and analyzed. The perfusion images of one cavernous hemangioma and two venous hemangiomas showed normal activity, but blood-pool imaging showed increased activity, whereas on perfusion imaging and early blood-pool imaging, another cavernous hemangioma showed a partial increase in activity in its periphery and on delayed blood-pool imaging, diffuse increase in activity. Further, the remaining hemangioma, a mixed-type hemangioma, showed, diffuse increase in activity on both perfusion and blood-pool imaging. Thus, three-phase scintigraphy was found useful in evaluating and achieving a diagnosis of a hemangioma of the extremities.
Investment in Cancer Research Pays Off for Other Diseases
Authors: J. Waalen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Investment in Cancer Research Pays Off for Other Diseases Get access Jill Waalen Jill Waalen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 12, 19 June 1991, Pages 812–814, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.12.812 Published: 19 June 1991
PREFRONTAL LOBOTOMY
Authors: WALTER FREEMAN, JAMES W. WATTS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1945)

1. Prefrontal lobotomy is less successful in schizophrenics than in certain types of patients who have preserved better contact with reality. Nevertheless, the operation offers definite hope for those who are still fighting their disease. 2. While many chronic patients cannot be discharged from hospitals, their care is greatly simplified because of their new objective outlook on life and pleasure in living. 3. Prefrontal lobotomy bleaches the affect attached to the ego and turns the patient's interest away from himself toward the outside world. 4. Prefrontal lobotomy is the procedure of last resort. This does not mean, however, that it should be delayed until emotional deterioration is well advanced.
Abstract 1449: Spicing up radiation treatment for prostate cancer
Authors: Natalie A. Venier, Alexandra J. Colquhoun, Andrew Loblaw, Neil E. Fleshner, Laurence H. Klotz, Vasundara Venkateswaran
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction and Objective: Radio-sensitizing agents sensitize cells to the lethal effects of ionizing radiation (IR). This permits use of lower doses of radiation to achieve equivalent cancer control thereby minimizing adverse effects to normal tissues. Given their lack of toxicity compounds occurring naturally in the diet make ideal potential radio-sensitizing agents. Capsaicin is the active compound chilli peppers. Traditionally capsaicin is used to treat chronic pain syndromes; however, recently evidence using in vitro prostate cancer (PCa) models describes its anti-carcinogenic potential. In our preliminary studies we have demonstrated the radio-sensitizing capacity of in PCa cells in vitro. Cells treated with capsaicin and/or IR to have increased expression of pro-apoptotic tumour-suppressor proteins p21 and p27 and reduced androgen-receptor. The objective of the present study is to assess the radio-sensitizing capacity in an in vivo model. Methods: Athymic nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously with human PCa (LNCaP) cells. Once xenografts reach 100mm3 forty animals will be randomized into 4 groups (15 /group); control (no treatment), capsaicin alone, ionizing radiation (IR) alone and capsaicin and IR. Treatments were administered over a two-week time period. Capsaicin (5 mg/kg/d) or vehicle was administered 3/week by gavage. RT will be delivered to animals in sterile cages as one fraction (6 Gray). Control animals were mock irradiated. Tumours were measured thrice weekly and volumes were calculated. Tumours were fixed and stained for pathological analyses and immunohistochemical evaluation. Results: There were no differences in food consumption or body weight of mice between groups. Two mice experienced mild to moderate inflammation of the stomach. No other toxicities were observed. Mice treated with capsaicin or IR alone had a significant reduction in tumour growth overtime (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Mice treated with capsaicin and IR capsaicin had a reduction in the tumour volume greater than either capsaicin alone (p&amp;lt;0.001) or radiation alone.(p&amp;lt;0.03) We are currently investigating mechanism. Conclusion: These studies confirm the radio-sensitizing capacity of capsaicin in PCa xenograft model cells. Ongoing studies using are further delineating the mechanism of interaction of these treatment modalities. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1449. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1449
Chile stops controversial sterilisation
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Chile stops controversial sterilisationChile has stopped the controversial use of quinacrine, an antimalarial drug, to sterilise women until its properties have been fully evaluated.The technique, which entails inserting quinacrine pellets into the uterus, works by scarring the fallopian tubes and was first developed byChilean doctors.Health Minister Carlos Massad denied that the drug had been shown to have dangerous side effects but acknowledged that crucial tests relating to toxicity and mutagenicity had not been performed.Health organisations and women's groups have argued for years that a double standard was being applied to women in the developing world who were given a drug that had never been approved for the pur- pose for which they were receiving it.Worldwide over 80 000 women have been sterilised with quinacrine in 15 countries, including Chile, India, China, Bangladesh, Costa Rica, Croatia, Pakistan, and Egypt.The use of quinacrine for sterilisation was pioneered by a Chilean gynaecologist, Jaime Zipper, in the early 1970s.At first the drug was given in slurry form, but this caused toxic convulsions, and was replaced
Acute Renal Failure after Administration of Low-Molecular-Weight Dextran
Authors: Lionel Mailloux, Charles D. Swartz, Robert Capizzi, Kwan E. Kim, Gaddo Onesti, Osvaldo Ramirez, Albert N. Brest
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE infusion of low-molecular-weight dextran (Dextran 40) has been associated with acute renal failure in 14 patients.14 Three of these cases, not previously reported but submitted to Pharmacia Laboratories,4 occurred at our institution. All 3 patients had documented adequate urinary output before the acute onset of anuria or oliguria after the dextran infusion. In all these patients the dextran was administered for the management of severe peripheral vascular insufficiency. In reviewing the clinical courses of our patients, we believed that the only underlying process common to all 3 cases was renal hypoperfusion secondary to disease of the small or large . . .
The Effect of Corticosteroids for Acute Optic Neuritis on the Subsequent Development of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Roy W. Beck, Patricia A. Cleary, Jonathan D. Trobe, David I. Kaufman, Mark J. Kupersmith, Donald W. Paty, C. Hendricks Brown
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Optic neuritis is often the first clinical manifestation of multiple sclerosis, but little is known about the effect of corticosteroid treatment for optic neuritis on the subsequent risk of multiple sclerosis.
Abstract P6-09-08: Withania somnifera extract inhibits invasion and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells by inhibiting CCL2 and CD44 high/CD24low stem cells
Authors: KF Khazal, L Simon, S Odemuyiwa, D Hill, C Grubbs
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Standard approaches to the treatment of cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, when used alone or in combination, have had limited efficacy in curing the disease. These treatments frequently produce debilitating side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, loss of hair, and suppression of immunity. Due to these side effects, interest in other cancer treatments, including herbal extracts, has increased. Traditional herbal extracts are considered to be safe and economically feasible as alternative medicines to treat cancer. An alcoholic extract of the roots of Withania somnifera (WS), a traditional herbal remedy, has immunostimulatory, radiosensitizing, and anticancer effects. Knowledge of the medicinal properties of this plant motivated us to investigate its efficacy as an antitumor agent against breast cancer MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells were used as a model. Tests included an MTT assay for cell viability, an assay for testing of migration of cancer cells, PCR analysis for cytokines, evaluation of gene expression, an immunohistopathological assay for expression of cytokines in isolated tissues, and xenografts in nude mice to evaluate inhibition of tumor growth. In cell cultures, WS showed antiproliferative and anti-invasive effects against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells; it also inhibited the metastasis of xenografted MDA-MB-231 cells to the lungs of treated mice. These findings were substantiated in vitro by use of a microarray technique. WS caused down-regulation of cytokines CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, IL-1b, and TGF-β3. CCL2 is the cytokine considered to be most responsible for the metastasis of breast cancer cells. The inhibition of CCL2 by WS was confirmed in sections of xenografted treated tumors and in cell culture by use of immunohistochemical and flow cytometry techniques, respectively. WS caused 50% inhibition of CD44-bearing breast cancer stem cells, the predominant stem cells of the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. This finding will be further pursued by sorting CD44high/CD24low stem cells by use of flow cytometry. In summary, WS caused inhibition of proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells in culture and growth of xenografted cancer cells in mice. These effects may be associated with inhibition of cytokines such as CCL2 and CD 44high/CD 24low s. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P6-09-08.
TCT-821 Comparison of Frequency of Radial Artery Occlusion after 4-Fr versus 6-Fr Transradial Coronary Intervention from the NAUSICA (Novel Angioplasty USIng Coronary Accessor) Trial
Authors: Satoshi Takeshita, Shigeru Saito, Tetsuya Hata, Kiyoshi Hibi, Tomohiro Kawasaki, Premchand R. Kumar, Yuji Ikari, Akihiko Takahashi, Shinji Tanaka, Wei-Hsian Yin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Multiple Recurrent Genomic Defects in Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Jorge J. Yunis, Glauco Frizzera, Martin M. Oken, James McKenna, Athanasios Theologides, Mark Arnesen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Several steps in the clinical evolution of human neoplasia are associated with a variety of recurrent chromosomal defects that could prove essential to the understanding of cancer. We found 15 types of nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities in a study of 71 patients with follicular lymphoma; 10 of the types appeared to influence the histopathological findings, clinical course, or response to treatment. A translocation, t(14;18), observed in 85 percent of all patients appeared to be the main determinant of a follicular pattern. Ten patients with a t(14;18) as a single defect had the histologic features of follicular small cleaved-cell lymphoma. Most did not require treatment for one to four years, because their tumors had an initial indolent course. In contrast, patients with follicular small cleaved-cell lymphoma with t(14;18) and deletion 13q32 acquired the hematologic features of leukemia and had an acceleration of the disease. A deletion 6q together with a complete or partial trisomy 7 or trisomy 12 (or both) was associated with the clinically more aggressive follicular mixed small- and large-cell or large-cell histologic type, which often evolves from follicular small-cell lymphoma. A complete or partial trisomy 3, 18, or 21 correlated almost exclusively with follicular large-cell lymphoma. In all follicular stages, a trisomy 2 or duplication 2p often accompanied an accelerated clinical course and a poor response to treatment. This study suggests that several discrete genomic defects may govern the evolution of a patient's malignant disease.
SAT0372 Comparing tolerability and efficacy of generic versus brand alendronate. A cross-over study in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
Authors: M. Bouts, J. van den Bergh, S. Bours, P. Geusens, T. van Geel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> During recent years an increasing amount of generic alendronate formulations has become available. Although expected to have the same tolerability and efficacy, head-to head comparison of generic and brand alendronate was never performed. <h3>Objectives</h3> Therefore, the objective of our study was to compare tolerability and efficacy of generic (GAln) and brand alendronate (BAln). <h3>Methods</h3> A randomized double-blinded single-centre cross-over study in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis using GAln and BAln in a cross-over setting, each for a period of 12 weeks with visits at baseline, week 4, 12, 16 and 24. Tolerance was evaluated by the Gastro-Intestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and by self-reported side effects. Efficacy was assessed by bone turnover markers (CTX and PINP). <h3>Results</h3> 37 women (age; 65,4±6,4 years) were enrolled. Abdominal pain score at wk4 and wk16 was higher after GAln compared to BAln (B: 0,24; CI: 0,07- 0,4). After wk4 upper gastro-intestinal side effects (B: 0,20; CI: 0,03-0,33) and dyspepsia (B: 0,15; CI:0,02-0,28), were more reported after GAln. After adjustments for tolerance, BAln demonstrated a lower level of CTX than GAln at wk4 (B: 121,3;CI:51,98-190,5), but not at wk12 (B: 53,6; CI:-3,71-111). PINP was lower for women who received BAln at wk12 (B: 8,93;CI: 0,35-17,5). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, generic alendronate caused significantly more gastro-intestinal side-effects during the first weeks of treatment. Markers of bone resorption and formation were significantly higher at week 4 and 12 with generic alendronate. Generic alendronate may not have the same tolerability and efficacy as branded alendronate. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract 4236: Comparison of optical imaging approaches in 2D and 3D in disseminated mouse tumor models
Authors: Meridith Baugher, Jeremy Castorena, Jeni Baranski, Darren Shaw, Dick Leopold, Erin Trachet, Deanne Lister, Patrick McConville
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Optical imaging allows staging and tracking of multiple tumors in disseminated tumor models and to this end, bioluminescence (BLI) imaging has been the most common approach. While BLI is cost effective and quantitative, it requires luciferase-engineered tumor lines, which have the disadvantages of time and uncertainty associated with transfection, as well as potential phenotype change in the engineered line, compared with the parent. Exogenous fluorescence probes preferentially activated by tumors provide a similar efficient optical imaging means to tumor burden tracking in these models, directly in any tumor lines of interest. This methods also allows 3D imaging through new tomographic optical imaging technologies. In this work, BLI and activated fluorescent probe imaging were used in a luciferase-expressing Raji-luc human Burkitt's lymphoma model and an M-NFS-60 mouse leukemia model. 2D fluorescence reflectance imaging was also compared to 3D tomographic imaging to determine additional utility of the 3D imaging approach. Methods: Raji-luc lymphoma cells were transfected to express luciferase using a lentiviral vector transfection method. Raji-luc cells (1x107 cells in 100µl PBS) were injected IV in CB-17 mice on Day 0. In CD-1 mice, M-NFS-60 leukemia cells (1x107 cells in 100µl PBS) were injected IP. Bioluminescence scans were used to determine the distribution of light throughout the body immediately following implantation. In vivo and ex vivo bioluminescence imaging was used to localize tumor signals and determine incidence and tumor growth. Both cathepsin- (ProSense) and MMP- (MMPSense) activated fluorescent probes were injected IV 24h prior to fluorescence reflectance and fluorescence molecular tomographic imaging. Results and Discussion: Bioluminescence imaging of intravenously injected of Raji-luc cells from one to four weeks after inoculation showed a high incidence of tumor growth at sites including hind limbs, spine, and brain in addition to lung and to a lesser extent, the axillary lymph nodes and sternum. Fluorescence imaging with tumor activated probes provided a measure of disseminated tumor burden, but had the disadvantage of normal tissue background, compared with BLI where there was inherently no normal tissue background. Fluorescence molecular tomographic imaging provided a quantitative advantage over 2D fluorescence reflectance. Activated fluorescent probe imaging provides a viable means for imaging in disseminated tumor models without the need for engineered cell lines. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4236. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4236