tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Update: Influenza Activity — United States, October 2–December 17, 2016
Authors: Mei Shang, Lenee Blanton, Krista Kniss, Desiree Mustaquim, Noreen Alabi, Stephen Barnes, Alicia Budd, Stacy L. Davlin, Natalie Kramer, Shikha Garg, Charisse N. Cummings, Brendan Flannery, Alicia M. Fry, Lisa A. Grohskopf, Sonja J. Olsen, Joseph Bresee, Wendy Sessions, Rebecca Garten, Xiyan Xu, Anwar Isa Abd Elal, Larisa Gubareva, John Barnes, David E. Wentworth, Erin Burns, Jacqueline Katz, Daniel Jernigan, Lynnette Brammer
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

This report summarizes U.S. influenza activity* during October 2-December 17, 2016.† Influenza activity in the United States remained low in October and has been slowly increasing since November. Influenza A viruses were identified most frequently, with influenza A (H3N2) viruses predominating. Most influenza viruses characterized during this period were genetically or antigenically similar to the reference viruses representing vaccine components recommended for production in the 2016-17 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccines.
γ/δ T-Cell Lymphoma of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Motoko Yamaguchi, Toshiyuki Ohno, Kenkichi Kita
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

To the Editor: Lymphomas of the thyroid are almost exclusively of B-cell origin.1 We report a case of thyroid lymphoma with a γ/δ T-cell phenotype. A 59-year-old Japanese woman was seen because of ...
Release of Mast-Cell Mediators and Alterations in Lung Function in Patients with Cholinergic Urticaria
Authors: Nicholas A. Soter, Stephen I. Wasserman, K. Frank Austen, E. Regis McFadden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Cholinergic urticaria was elicited in seven subjects by experimental challenge that consisted of running on a treadmill in a plastic occlusive suit. A sensation of generalized warmth of the skin was followed by pruritus, erythema, urticaria, and transient respiratory-tract symptoms consisting of shortness of breath or wheezing or both. Statistically significant falls in one-second forced-expiratory volumes (FEV1), maximal midexpiratory flow rates (MMF), and specific conductance (SGaw) and a rise in residual volume were detected. The serum histamine concentration rose, with an augmentation of eosinophil and neutrophil chemotactic activities. Gel-filtration chromatography showed that the eosinophil chemotactic activity consisted of at least two principles. The chemotactic activities are similar in magnitude to those recognized in other skin disorders dependent on mast cells. These observations extend to the lungs the manifestations of a condition previously thought to be restricted to the skin.
A rare cause of upper GI bleeding in a critically ill patient
Authors: Christine Walker, Sabine Huber-Schumacher, Tobias Boettler, Robert Thimme, Andreas Fischer
Journal: Gut (2015)

A 60-year-old woman presented with melaena at the intensive care unit 21 days after a complicated coronary artery bypass surgery with intraoperative cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The postoperative course was complicated by prolonged ventilator support and wound infections without signs of severe sepsis or multiorgan failure. She was haemodynamically stable with no significant drop in haemoglobin. Physical examination did not reveal abdominal tenderness, skin or mucosal lesions. Laboratory tests showed mild anaemia (92 g/l; normal range 120–180 g/l) and mild thrombocytopenia (114 × 10*9/l, normal range 140–400 × 10*9/l), and clotting time was unremarkable. Prophylactic anticoagulation was administered.

Her medical history included arterial hypertension, peripheral artery disease …
175P: ALK positive lung cancer: Clinical profile and outcomes in a developing country
Authors: A. Ramaswamy, V.M. Patil, V. Noronha, A. Joshi, A. Chougule, R. Kaushal, L. Nayak, V. Doshi, A. Mahajan, K. Prabhash
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)
Use of inflammatory symptoms to predict worse myelosuppression in aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL): Reanalysis of British National Lymphoma Institute (BNLI) study of CHOP versus PMitCEBO with or without granulocyte colony stimulating factor
Authors: R. Sharma, P. Smith, D. Cunningham, D. Linch, G. Robertson, S. J. Clarke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

20527 Background: Inflammatory or B symptoms are associated with worse treatment response & survival. B symptoms are associated with elevated plasma inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) & pro-inflammatory cytokines. The majority of cytotoxic agents are metabolised by the liver. Elevated inflammatory markers have been associated with reduced hepatic drug metabolism. Recent data suggest that cancer associated inflammation reduces hepatic metabolism of cytotoxic drugs leading to increased toxicity. Methods: BNLI compared two chemotherapy regimens (CHOP or PMitCEBO) in 784 older patients with aggressive NHL. Data was reanalysed to compare toxicities & tumour response rates (chi-square & Fisher exact tests), and survival (log-rank test) for patients with & without B symptoms. Results: Patients with B symptoms (54%, n=412) had significantly higher International Prognostic Index scores, disease stage, LDH levels & performance status than those without (p<0.05). Response rate for patients with B symptoms was 87% significantly lower for patients without B symptoms (92%) (OR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.05 - 2.91, p<0.05). After median of 44 months follow-up, the presence of B symptoms resulted in a shorter failure free survival of 1.3 yrs (95% CI: 0.88 - 1.72) vs. 3.6 yrs (95% CI: 1.71 - 5.47, p<0.001), & median overall survival 1.75 yrs (95% CI: 1.27 - 2.23) vs.4.4 yrs (95% CI: 2.89 - 5.91 yrs, p<0.001). Haematological toxicity was significantly worse in patients with B symptoms compared to those without; grades 3–4 leucopenia 57% vs. 40% (p<0.001), anaemia 10% vs. 5% (p<0.001), thrombocytopenia 14% vs. 6% (p<0.001). Grades 3–4 infection occurred in 26% of patients with B symptoms compared to 10% without (p<0.05). Median duration of hospitalisation was 10 days for patients with B symptoms and 5 days for those without (p<0.05). Conclusions: Inflammatory symptoms predict for worse toxicity from chemotherapy in patients with NHL. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Using the FACT-Neurotoxicity Subscale to evaluate quality of life in patients from across the globe
Authors: B. J. Arnold, H. Du, S. Eremenco, D. Cella
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

17032 Background: Translation of Patient Reported Outcomes measures is an essential component of research methodology in preparation for multinational clinical trials. One such measure is the FACT-Neurotoxicity Subscale (FACT-Ntx) which is aimed at the evaluation of quality of life of cancer patients suffering from neurotoxicity, a side effect of certain treatments. Methods: This study set out to linguistically validate the FACT-Ntx for use in Denmark, India, Lithuania and S. Africa. The sample consisted of 176 patients (96 males &amp; 80 females), with varying cancer diagnoses and a mean age of 51 years, speaking 11 languages: Afrikaans (15), Danish (25), Gujarati (15), Hindi (15), Kannada (15), Lithuanian (15), Malayalam (15), Marathi (15), Punjabi (15), Tamil (15) and Telugu (16). The FACT-Ntx was translated using standard FACIT methodology. Patients diagnosed with cancer, at any stage, receiving any treatment experiencing neurotoxicity completed the respective translated version and participated in cognitive debriefing interviews to give their opinion on any problems with the translations or the content of the FACT-Ntx. Statistical analyses (descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and reliability analyses) were performed on the quantitative data. Participant comments were analyzed qualitatively. Results: The FACT-Ntx translations showed good reliability and linguistic validity. The internal consistency of all languages combined was .86. All items correlated at an acceptable level. The Ntx score differed across self-reported Performance Status Rating (PSR) groups (nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test p&lt;.0001). A nonparametric Generalized Linear Model (GLM) approach (with multiple comparison adjusted significance level 0.017) showed a difference between ‘PSR=0’ and ‘PSR=1’ (p=0.0002) and a difference between ‘PSR=0’ and ‘PSR=2’ (p&lt;.0001), both with ‘PSR=0’ patients reporting less neurotoxicity. Conclusions: The FACT-Ntx has shown acceptable reliability and linguistic validity in 11 languages. The instrument has also shown adequate sensitivity in differentiating patients with no symptoms and normal activity from patients reporting some symptoms. We consider these translations acceptable for use in international research and clinical trials. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Case 24-1992
Authors: L. Axelrod, A.L. Vickery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Presentation of CaseA 52-year-old man came to the hospital for further management of hypertension.The patient was an unemployed construction worker. There was a history of hypertension of 12 years' duration, with difficulty in control and a known tendency to the development of hypokalemia. Evaluation elsewhere, including an intravenous urographic examination, was negative. A treadmill-stress test, performed at another hospital six years earlier, showed horizontal depression of the ST segments at a heart rate of 190; a coronary angiographic examination was negative. A kidney stone had passed spontaneously in recent years but was not recovered for analysis. The patient . . .
PWE-093 Is cholecystostomy a good alternative treatment for acute cholecystitis in high risk patients?
Authors: E Khalifa, D Papis, A Nair, A Prasad, S Khan, F Lam, Z Hamady, J Shah, G Marangoni
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for acute cholecystitis whose management in high risk surgical patients could be a difficult dilemma. With the development of interventional radiological skills, percutaneous cholecystostomy (PCS) could represent a less invasive option. <h3>Method</h3> This is a retrospective single Centre study; data were collected from our hospital electronic record system. From February 2009 to March 2014 there were 353 patients admitted with acute cholecystitis. Of these 39 were considered high risk for surgery and underwent PCS during their hospital stay. The radiological approach was trans-peritoneal in 29 patients and trans-hepatic in 10 patients. Median follow-up was 19 months. Aim of the study was to assess the outcomes of percutaneous cholecystostomy in high risk patients. <h3>Results</h3> There were 27 male (69.2%) and 12 female (30.8%) with mean age of 72 years (range 41–90 yrs). Twenty seven patients had PCS as definitive treatment (group A) and 12 patients as a bridge to cholecystectomy (group B). There were no post-procedures complications. Three patients in group B required conversion to open surgery (25%). Mean length of hospital stay was 15.7 days (group A and B). ITU admission was required for 8 patients (20.5%). Five patients in group A were readmitted once with another episode of cholecystitis after PCS (18.5%), with a median time to readmission of 85 days (3 patients readmitted within 90 days). One patient in group B was readmitted with cholecystitis after 2 years before proceeding to cholecystectomy, and 2 patients were readmitted after cholecystectomy (16.6%) for intra-abdominal collections treated with percutaneous ragiological drainage. Seven patients died (17.9%) as a result of severe biliary sepsis during their index hospital admission. <h3>Conclusion</h3> PCS is a safe approach in high risk patients with acute cholecystitis and can provide satisfactory long-term results when cholecystectomy is not a viable option. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Acute Gangrenous Cholecystitis
Authors: William J. Clifford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

GANGRENE of the gall bladder is a complete necrosis of a portion of the wall in one or more areas, and is frequently followed by perforation. Since 1844, when James Duncan,1 of the Royal Infirmary in Edinburgh, reported a case, the clinical application of the pathology of this disease has been a source of interest and concern to internists and surgeons. And particularly in recent years the question of the proper time for surgical intervention has been much discussed.This paper is a report of 100 consecutive cases of acute gangrenous cholecystitis at the Boston City Hospital, where the character . . .
A phase I study of dovitinib in combination with capecitabine and oxaliplatin in upfront treatment of advanced colorectal and gastric cancer with a dose expansion cohort in advanced gastric cancer.
Authors: W. M. D. Tai, W. S. Ooi, J. Y. Ngeow, N. Deng, H. Wang, C. K. Tham, H. Y. Lim, S. P. Choo, P. Tan, H. C. Toh, I. B. Tan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

TPS174 Background: Dovitinib (TKI258) is an investigational multi-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potent inhibitory activity against several class III,IV,V RTKs relevant in cancer, including VEGF receptors-1,2,3, bFGF receptors-1,2,3, PDGFR and c-KIT. The addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy is presently employed in management of colorectal cancer but did not improve survival in gastric cancer (AVAGAST). FGF pathway activation has been related to aggressive gastric and colorectal cancer, resistance to anti-VEGF therapy may be mediated in part by FGF upregulation. FGFR2 amplification is reported in subsets of gastric cancer (Hara et al. Lab Invest (1998) 78(9):1143-53). FGFR2 is required for cell proliferation and survival in FGFR2 amplified gastric cancer cell lines (Kunli et al. Cancer Rsch (2008) 68; 2340), which are sensitive to FGFR2 inhibitors, including Dovitinib. Methods: This trial is a single arm open label phase I trial in patients with treatment naïve advanced gastric or colorectal cancer. We will employ the standard “3+3” phase I dose escalation design to determine the recommended phase II dose of dovitinib in combination with standard doses of capecitabine (1000mg/m2 bid d1-d14 q21) and oxaliplatin (130mg/m2 q21). 4 dose levels of dovitinib (5 days on, 2 days off: 200mg, 300mg,400mg,500mg) and a dose level minus 1 have been defined. In a dose expansion cohort, 12 patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma will be treated with dovitinib, capecitabine and oxaliplatin at the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Our secondary objectives are to describe the toxic effects and pharmacokinetics of dovitinib when administered in combination with capecitabine/oxaliplatin and identify any activity of the TKI258/XELOX treatment combination in gastric and colorectal cancer. Exploratory pharmacodynamic investigations as well as molecular studies to deeply characterize patient tumors will be performed.
Transplant-Associated Skin Cancer: Role of Reducing Immunosuppression
Authors: Marcy Neuburg
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2007)

This article explores the role of reducing immunosuppression as a therapeutic strategy for the problem of transplant-associated skin cancer. The specific issue of immunosuppression reduction is based on a brief historic review of the epidemiology of skin cancer in transplant patients, followed by a description of the role of immunosuppression as a cause of skin cancer. Finally, the literature pertaining to the hypothesis that reducing immunosuppression in solid organ transplant recipients favorably impacts both the incidence of cutaneous malignancy and outcomes relating to individual aggressive malignancies is presented.
H-Y Antigen Mosaicism in the Gonad of a 46,XX True Hermaphrodite
Authors: Stephen J. Winters, Stephen S. Wachtel, Beverly J. White, Gloria C. Koo, Nasser Javadpour, D. Lynn Loriaux, Richard J. Sherins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

To clarify the mechanism for the coexistence of ovarian and testicular tissue in the 46,XX true hermaphrodite, we studied a 20-year-old phenotypic male with gynecomastia and elevated serum concentrations of estradiol in whom an ovotestis was discovered upon scrotal exploration. Y chromosomal material could not be detected by fluorescent Y-body analysis or Giemsa-banding technics in cells cultured from peripheral blood, breast or forearm skin or the ovarian or testicular portions of the ovotestis. However, serologic testing, using the sperm cytotoxicity assay, revealed that cells cultured from the testicular portion of the ovotestis were H-Y antigen positive whereas cells cultured from the ovarian portion were H-Y antigen negative. These observations indicate that the ovotestis arises from an H-Y+/H-Y- mosaic primordium.
Critical Review of Health Impacts of Wildfire Smoke Exposure
Authors: Colleen E. Reid, Michael Brauer, Fay H. Johnston, Michael Jerrett, John R. Balmes, Catherine T. Elliott
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Background:Wildfire activity is predicted to increase in many parts of the world due to changes in temperature and precipitation patterns from global climate change. Wildfire smoke contains numerous hazardous air pollutants and many studies have documented population health effects from this exposure.Objectives:We aimed to assess the evidence of health effects from exposure to wildfire smoke and to identify susceptible populations.Methods:We reviewed the scientific literature for studies of wildfire smoke exposure on mortality and on respiratory, cardiovascular, mental, and perinatal health. Within those reviewed papers deemed to have minimal risk of bias, we assessed the coherence and consistency of findings.Discussion:Consistent evidence documents associations between wildfire smoke exposure and general respiratory health effects, specifically exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Growing evidence suggests associations with increased risk of respiratory infections and all-cause mortality. Evidence for cardiovascular effects is mixed, but a few recent studies have reported associations for specific cardiovascular end points. Insufficient research exists to identify specific population subgroups that are more susceptible to wildfire smoke exposure.Conclusions:Consistent evidence from a large number of studies indicates that wildfire smoke exposure is associated with respiratory morbidity with growing evidence supporting an association with all-cause mortality. More research is needed to clarify which causes of mortality may be associated with wildfire smoke, whether cardiovascular outcomes are associated with wildfire smoke, and if certain populations are more susceptible.Citation:Reid CE, Brauer M, Johnston FH, Jerrett M, Balmes JR, Elliott CT. 2016. Critical review of health impacts of wildfire smoke exposure. Environ Health Perspect 124:1334–1343; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409277
Caspase 2 and Caspase 3 Protein Levels as Predictors of Survival in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Zeev Estrov, Peter F. Thall, Moshe Talpaz, Elihu H. Estey, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Michael Andreeff, David Harris, Quin Van, Monika Walterscheid, Steven M. Kornblau
Journal: Blood (1998)
Video Ratings of Surgical Skill and Late Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Christopher P. Scally, Oliver A. Varban, Arthur M. Carlin, John D. Birkmeyer, Justin B. Dimick
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Measures of surgeons’ skills have been associated with variations in short-term outcomes after laparoscopic gastric bypass. However, the effect of surgical skill on long-term outcomes after bariatric surgery is unknown. <h3>Objective</h3> To study the association between surgical skill and long-term outcomes of bariatric surgery. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> In this retrospective observational study, 20 surgeons performing bariatric surgery submitted videos; surgeons were ranked on their skill level through blinded peer video review and sorted into quartiles of skill. Outcomes of bariatric surgery were then examined at the patient level across skill levels. The patients (N = 3631) undergoing surgery with these surgeons had 1-year postoperative follow-up data available between 2006 and 2012. The study was conducted using the Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative, a prospective clinical registry of 40 hospitals performing bariatric surgery in the state of Michigan. <h3>Exposure</h3> Surgeon skill level. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Excess body weight loss at 1 year; resolution of medical comorbidities (hypertension, sleep apnea, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia), functional status, and patient satisfaction. <h3>Results</h3> Surgeons in the top and bottom quartiles had each been practicing for a mean of 11 years. Peer ratings of surgical skill varied from 2.6 to 4.8 on a 5-point scale. There was no difference between the best (top 25%) and worst (bottom 25%) performance quartiles when comparing excess body weight loss (67.2% vs 68.5%;<i>P</i> = .86) at 1 year. There were no differences in resolution of sleep apnea (62.6% vs 62.0%;<i>P</i> = .77), hypertension (47.1% vs 45.4%;<i>P</i> = .73), or hyperlipidemia (52.3% vs 63.4%;<i>P</i> = .45). Surgeons with the lowest skill rating had patients with higher rates of diabetes resolution (78.8%) when compared with the high-skill group (72.8%) (<i>P</i> = .01). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In contrast to its effect on early complications, surgical skill did not affect postoperative weight loss or resolution of medical comorbidities at 1 year after laparoscopic gastric bypass. These findings suggest that long-term outcomes after bariatric surgery may be less dependent on a surgeon’s operative skill and instead be driven by other factors. Operative technique was not assessed in this analysis and should be considered in future studies.
Adhesion, Chemotaxis, and Aggregation of Walker Carcinosarcoma Cells in Response to Products of Resorbing Bone&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: C Magro, F W Orr, W J Manishen, K Sivananthan, S S Mokashi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Cells from the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma, a rat breast tumor with a propensity to metastasize to bone, were labeled with [131I]5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine and then added to 96-hour organ cultures of fetal Sprague-Dawley rat calvaria that had been prelabeled with 45Ca and incubated with various stimulators or inhibitors of resorption. In conditioned media from resorbing bone cultures, the number of cells that attached to the bone surfaces correlated with the degree of bone resorption (r = 0.65; P<.005). The attachment response was maximal after 180 minutes of cocultivation and was inhibited by preincubation of the tumor cells with 10-5M cytochalasin B. Cellular attachment appeared to be promoted by a trypsin-sensitive factor released into the organ culture medium from resorbing bones. Enhanced tumor cell attachment did not appear to be related to a change in the surface properties of the resorbing bone, since it was not observed when the conditioned media were replaced with fresh medium. Furthermore, tumor cells placed in conditioned medium demonstrated increased attachment to plastic surfaces and formed aggregates. While there was a direct correlation between the ability of conditioned medium to promote cellular adhesion and chemotactic migration (r = 0.85; P<.05), the factors responsible for chemotaxis and adhesion could be separated by gel filtration. The release of such factors from resorbing bones may promote the formation of secondary bone tumors, since in this system attachment of unlabeled cells was followed by proliferation of tumor celts and evidence of bone invasion.