tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MPTH-26MOLECULAR REFINEMENT OF PEDIATRIC POSTERIOR FOSSA EPENDYMOMA
Authors: Kristian W. Pajtler, Tong Lin, Chandanamali Punchihewa, Martin Sill, Vijay Ramaswamy, Robert J. Ogg, Noah D. Sabin, Ji Wen, Karen D. Wright, David T. W. Jones, Hendrik Witt, Ruth G. Tatevossian, Richard J. Gilbertson, Stanley Pounds, Michael D. Taylor, Stefan M. Pfister, Thomas E. Merchant, Marcel Kool, Andrey Korshunov, David W. Ellison
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

We have recently identified nine distinct molecular subgroups of ependymoma across all age groups, three in each major anatomical compartment of the CNS: spinal (SP), posterior fossa (PF), and supratentorial (ST). These nine molecular subgroups are genetically, epigenetically, transcriptionally, demographically, and clinically distinct. Pediatric intracranial ependymomas were either affiliated with one of two supratentorial subgroups characterized by RELA (ST-EPN-RELA) or YAP1 (ST-EPN-YAP1) fusion genes, or with the PF-EPN-A subgroup in the hindbrain. Observing distinct outcomes among children with PF-EPN-A tumors, the largest molecular subgroup, we tested the hypothesis that further molecular diversity exists among these tumors. The genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of 575 pediatric PF ependymomas were analyzed by unsupervised consensus hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis, which identified three distinct molecular subtypes of PF-EPN-A tumors: PFA-1, PFA-2, and PFA-3. PFA-1 and PFA-2 showed different chromosomal copy number alterations and comprised tumors almost exclusively from infants, while PFA-3 ependymomas were generally from older children. The PFA-3 subtype was significantly enriched for gain of 1q. Distinct developmental gene expression profiles and radiological characteristics on pre-operative MR imaging suggested separate anatomic origins for the infant subtypes, PFA-1 and PFA-2. Survival analyses identified PFA-3 as having the poorest outcome. Multivariate analysis revealed molecular subgroup, grade of resection and gain of 1q as independent prognostic markers among PF-EPN-A tumors. We conclude that further molecular refinement of pediatric PF-EPN-A tumors, with their division into three distinct molecular subtypes, has clinical utility and the potential for enhanced risk assessment or therapeutic stratification.
Case 26-1987
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Jerome P. Kassirer, Robert T. McCluskey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Presentation of CaseA 67-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a question of mesenteric arterial insufficiency.There was a long history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, Type II, neither of which was managed aggressively. Five or six months before entry the patient began to experience angina pectoris. Evaluation at another hospital showed stenosis of the left main and right coronary arteries. The urea nitrogen was 24 mg per 100 ml (8.6 mmol per liter), and the creatinine 1.8 mg per 100 ml (160 μmol per liter). Seven weeks before admission a sextuple coronary-artery-bypass graft procedure was performed . . .
Specific Localization <italic>In Vivo</italic> of Antihepatoma Antibodies in Autochthonous Rat Hepatomas<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref>
Authors: Eugene D. Day, Jakob A. Planinsek, David Pressman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)

Radioiodinated antihepatoma antibodies, after purification in vivo from induced hepatomas in rats, localized in the total hepatic region (liver with hepatoma) of hepatoma-bearing rats to an extent as high as 60 percent of the injected dose. The localized antibodies were shared almost equally by hepatoma and non-neoplastic portions. When the purified antibodies were passively transferred through normal rats, cross-localizing antibodies were absorbed from the circulation. Antibodies that remained in the serum, when assayed in hepatoma-bearing rats, preferentially localized in discrete hepatomas and localized to as high as 40 percent of the injected dose in the total hepatic region. When assayed in normal rats, the same preparation localized at the 4 percent level in liver. Antihepatoma antibodies, when purified in vivo from normal liver of normal rats and assayed in hepatoma-bearing rats, preferentially localized in the non-neoplastic portions of the hepatic region.
Treatment of Severe Asthma
Authors: William Franklin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

BRONCHIAL asthma, though highly treatable, causes over four thousand deaths annually in the United States. Measures currently available are so effective that control should rarely fail unless the patient delays too long in seeking help or if treatment is not vigorous enough.Functionally, the cardinal feature is airway obstruction, which may be so mild that only sensitive tests can demonstrate it, or so severe that marked respiratory effort is obvious with prolonged expiration, distant breath sounds, hypoxemia, cyanosis and sometimes carbon dioxide retention. The functional changes are strikingly reversible spontaneously or under treatment.Fatal asthma is characterized pathologically by plugging . . .
Lung Vascular Injury
Journal: Thorax (1993)

We do not accept Dr Miller's contention that the lesions described in her series and ours ought to be considered as bronchiolo- alveolar cell adenomas.The lesions are generally characterised by nuclear pleomor- phism and a high nucleocytoplasmic ratio- features not normally associated with a benign neoplasm.We feel strongly that these features are much more consistent with premalignant dysplastic lesions seen at other sites-including the bronchus-hence our preference for "atypical hyperplasia."
Analysis of Jak2 signaling reveals resistance of mouse embryonic hematopoietic stem cells to myeloproliferative disease mutation
Authors: Maria I. Mascarenhas, Wendi A. Bacon, Chrysa Kapeni, Simon R. Fitch, Gillian Kimber, S. W. Priscilla Cheng, Juan Li, Anthony R. Green, Katrin Ottersbach
Journal: Blood (2016)
Medical Mystery — The Answer
Authors: Brett J. Berman, William T. Katsiyiannis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

To the Editor: Modan and colleagues (July 26 issue) 1 conclude that oral contraceptives do not protect against ovarian cancer in Israeli Jewish women carrying BRCA mutations.We have shown, in two studies of Jewish and non-Jewish women with BRCA mutations, that the use of oral contraceptives was strongly protective against ovarian cancer. 2,3In our recent study, the odds ratio for ovarian cancer among women who had used oral contraceptives was 0.44 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.28 to 0.68). 3 Relevant differences may exist between Jews and non-Jews, between carriers of the three founder mutations common among Jews and carriers of other predisposing mutations, or between North Americans and Israelis (including the types of contraceptive pills used).To resolve the discrepancy in results between our studies and that of Modan et al., we report the results of a new case-control study of 186 women with ovarian cancer and 186 individually matched controls, all of whom were Ashkenazi Jews with BRCA mutations.These subjects were drawn from a registry of families with cancer and from a study of patients with cancer who were not selected on the basis of family history. 4 Patients had invasive ovarian cancer; controls did not, and they had both ovaries intact.Patients and controls were matched for year of birth (within one year), mutation ( BRCA1 vs. BRCA2 ), and place of residence (Israel or North America).There were 150 pairs with BRCA1 mutations (185delAG or 5382insC), and 36 pairs with BRCA2 mutations (6174delT); 151 pairs were from North America, and 35 were from Israel.Information on oral-contraceptive use was obtained as previously described. 2,3 The odds ratio for ovarian cancer among women who had used oral contraceptives was 0.54 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.35 to 0.84; P=0.005); the mean duration of use in this group was 4.8 years for controls and 4.3 years for pa-
Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis in Three Members of a Family
Authors: Karen L. Leung, Dianna M. Milewicz, Martin D. Phillips, Eddy Barasch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Treatment of Ovarian Cancer with Intraperitoneal CisplatinTo the Editor: In their report on intraperitoneal versus intravenous cisplatin for stage III ovarian cancer, Alberts et al. (Dec.26 issue) 1 suggest that among the patients with microscopical disease (no gross residual disease), the rates of complete pathological responses differed in the intravenous and intraperitoneal groups (complete-response rate, 56 and 80 percent, respectively) because "the penetration of intraperitoneal cisplatin is limited to a depth of 0.1 to 1 mm from the surface of the peritoneal tumor," and they cite a report by Los et al. 2 However, there were no significant differences in survival between this subgroup of patients and the subgroup with minimal residual disease ( р 0.5 cm), a finding that runs contrary to the authors' hypothesis.The authors' conclusions were based on overall survival, but disease-free survival was never mentioned.In addition, second-line treatments, which may influence overall survival, were not described.Therefore, the longer median survival in the intraperitoneal group, which was related to the treatment, according to the authors, could have been influenced by other factors.In addition, to eliminate uncertainty about whether there was bias in the selection of eligible patients, information should be provided about the treatment assignments of the 54 patients who were ineligible because of inadequate surgery and the 81 who did not complete chemotherapy and did not subsequently undergo a second-look laparotomy.For a better understanding of the study, infor-mation on the initial stage (IIIA, IIIB, or IIIC) before debulking would be appreciated.
<i>Dirofilaria tenuis</i>in Vermont
Authors: Robert W. Christie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

IN New England, physicians usually do not expect to discover that the underlying cause of a subcutaneous lump is a zoonotic filariasis, but their expectations may be enhanced by the following case report, which is believed to be unique in northern New England.Case ReportA 66-year-old woman noted a swelling above the right eye of one week's duration. It had started as a tender spot for two days followed by a generalized periorbital swelling and localized as a slightly raised, painless nodule, 1 cm in diameter.A resident of Long Island, New York, the patient had spent the month . . .
Some Features of Fanconi's Anemia
Authors: D A Hagerman, G P Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Figure 1. Some Features of Fanconi's Anemia. The physical and cytogenetic findings in some patients with Fanconi's anemia are shown. Panel A shows the characteristically short thumb; Panel B shows a cafe au lait spot; and Panel C shows chromosomal breaks as revealed by cytogenetic analysis (A indicates chromatid breaks, B chromatid fragments, and C a dicentric chromosome). Other common clinical manifestations include short stature, skin hyperpigmentation, pancytopenia, and renal anomalies.
Clinical Diagnosis of Aortic-Valve Disease
Authors: Richard Gorlin, Robert B. Case
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE surgical correction of aortic stenosis1 differs so much from that for aortic insufficiency that it is incumbent upon the physician accurately to assess the relative importance of each valvular lesion. In addition, because of the attendant risks of surgery and the peculiar precipitous natural history of aortic-valve disease,2 accurate determination of severity of the valvular lesion before the onset of frank congestive heart failure is essential. The diagnosis of the presence of pure aortic stenosis or isolated insufficiency is straightforward. When the two lesions are combined, however, clinical evaluation becomes more complex. Also, in contradistinction to mitral-valve disease,3 the . . .
Transmural Myocardial Infarction after Exposure to Carbon Monoxide in Coronary-Artery Disease
Authors: Steven M. Scharf, Marc D. Thames, R. Kent Sargent
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

CARBON monoxide poisoning leads to tissue hypoxia primarily by binding to hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which cannot deliver oxygen to the tissues. Carbon monoxide poisoning with 50 per cent or more of the circulating hemoglobin in the form of carboxyhemoglobin can lead to patchy myocardial necrosis in man and laboratory animals.1 2 3 4 More moderate (10 to 25 per cent carboxyhemoglobin) intoxication leads to a shift toward anaerobic metabolism5 in the heart. Carbon monoxide intoxication causes coronary-artery vasodilatation and an increase in coronary blood flow that is linearly related to the reduction in arterial oxygen content5 6 7 and is ordinarily sufficient to maintain . . .
Voriconazole-Susceptible and Voriconazole-Resistant <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> Coinfection
Authors: Eva Kolwijck, Hans van der Hoeven, Ruud G. L. de Sévaux, Jaap ten Oever, L. Lucia Rijstenberg, Henrich A. L. van der Lee, Jan Zoll, Willem J. G. Melchers, Paul E. Verweij
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)
Foreign-Body Penetration of the Rectum
Authors: I. Nik Nevin, Irving E. Schiek, Allen G. Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

IMPALEMENT of the rectum is a relatively rare occurrence as compared with other accidents resulting in internal injuries. The impalement is usually caused by accidental fall upon a sharp and stick-like object, with the point of impact on the anal canal or on the immediate vicinity of the anus. Sometimes, it is the morbid consequence of a callous prank played upon a victim. Rupture of the large bowel and the rectum by compressed air is not an infrequent industrial accident. The most common accidental cause of injury to the rectum and the sigmoid is diagnostic instrumentation of these organs during . . .
A Survey of Zidovudine Use in Pregnant Women with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Rhoda S. Sperling, Pamela Stratton, Mary Jo O'Sullivan, Pamela Boyer, D. Heather Watts, John S. Lambert, Hunter Hammill, Elizabeth G. Livingston, D. Jay Gloeb, Howard Minkoff, Harold E. Fox
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

The expanding indications for zidovudine treatment make it important to elucidate the safety and toxicity of this drug for pregnant women and their fetuses. We asked pediatricians and obstetricians at the AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) Clinical Trials Units to report information about pregnant women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus who were continuing their pregnancies and had received, or were receiving, zidovudine during gestation.
What is the evidence for rechallenging with anthracyclines or taxanes in metastatic breast cancer? A review of the data
Authors: J. Krell, C. Harper-Wynne, D. Miles, V. Misra, S. Cleator, D. Krell, C. Palmieri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

1072 Background: Anthracyclines and taxanes are widely used in the adjuvant setting for high risk, early stage breast cancer. This raises the issue of what is the optimal therapy for those patients who relapse, and what the potential role, if any, there is for rechallenge with these agents. The current evidence base for rechallenging with anthracyclines/anthracediones and taxanes in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is examined in this study. Methods: Medline/Pubmed database searches were performed upto October 2008 to identify studies in which patients (pts) were rechallenged with anthracyclines/anthracediones or taxanes in MBC. Results: The efficacy data, as well as the safety data relating to neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity from these studies, are summarized in the Table. Twenty-seven studies were identified (20=anthracycline/anthracedione, 7= taxane) of which only two were prospective studies. Both were small (n= 74 &amp; 51) and related to anthracycline rechallenging. Conclusions: Evidence exists to support rechallenging with anthracyclines and taxanes. However, there are few prospective data on reexposure to taxanes and no data comparing anthracyclines versus taxanes following adjuvant exposure to both agents, supporting the need for clinical trials in this area. Such trials should ideally incorporate a cross-over design at treatment failure, which would shed light on the optimal sequence in which these agents should be administered. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The Final Analysis of the EORTC Genito-Urinary T ract Cancer Co-Operative Group Phase III Clinical Trial (Protocol 30805) Comparing Orchidectomy, Orchidectomy plus Cyproterone Acetate and Low Dose Stilboestrol in the Management of Metastatic Carcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: M R Robinson, P H Smith, B Richards, D W Newling, M de Pauw, R Sylvester
Journal: European Urology (1995)
Case 50-1993
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Barbara A. Cockrill, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Presentation of CaseA 46-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a mass in the lower lobe of the left lung.The patient had been in excellent health until 15 weeks earlier, when he was in Florida visiting his father, who had an upper respiratory tract infection. The patient soon became febrile, with a cough productive of bloody sputum and mild exertional dyspnea. X-ray films of the chest 10 days after the onset of symptoms showed an ill-defined mass in the left lower lobe, and antibiotics were given, with complete resolution of symptoms. Twenty-seven days later radiographs of . . .
Case 30-1992
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, D. Holtzman, E.T. Hedley-Whyte
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Presentation of CaseA boy died at the age of 56 months after having had for most of his life a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by a gradual loss of motor and verbal skills, with generalized seizures, myoclonus, and final deterioration to a nonverbal, quadriparetic state.The patient was born by uncomplicated vaginal delivery after 42 weeks of gestation, the third pregnancy of a mother 33 years of age. His Apgar scores were 8 at one minute and 9 at five minutes; the birth weight was 4.2 kg. At four weeks of age the head circumference was 39.5 cm (97th . . .
Comparison of<sup>125</sup>I Fibrinogen Count Scanning with Phlebography for Detection of Venous Thrombi after Elective Hip Surgery
Authors: William H. Harris, Edwin W. Salzman, Christos Athanasoulis, Arthur Waltman, Stanley Baum, Roman W. DeSanctis, Majic S. Potsaid, Herbert Sise
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

A comparison was made of 125I fibrinogen count scanning and phlebography in 142 limbs of 83 patients without known prior deep venous thrombosis who underwent total hip replacement. A localized accumulation of fibrinogen located away from the hip wound represented a fresh thrombus in 25 of 29 cases (86 per cent). However, of all the fresh thrombi demonstrated by phlebography, the fibrinogen scan detected only approximately 50 per cent. Major reasons for failure to detect thrombi were the presence of the wound and the small size of some thrombi. In defining whether or not fresh venous thrombosis was present in a given patient, the scan was accurate in three quarters of the cases. We conclude that fibrinogen scanning is a useful examination in patients after elective hip surgery, but less accurate than previously reported. (N Engl J Med 292: 665–667, 1975)
The Value of Urgent Specialized Care for TIA and Minor Stroke
Authors: Ralph L. Sacco, Tatjana Rundek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

Patients with minor stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), characterized as a brief episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by focal cerebral ischemia without infarction, have the least amount of disability and the most to lose should they have a stroke. Patients with vanishing symptoms may slip through our systems for detecting acute stroke owing either to patients' delays in seeking medical attention or clinicians' assessments that urgent treatment is not needed. This lost opportunity is even more worrisome given the tremendous improvements in the quality of primary and secondary stroke prevention that include evidence-based treatments with antiplatelet and oral anticoagulation . . .
Carcinogenicity of 2,2′-Dihydroxy-di-n-propylnitrosamine in the Tree Shrew (Tupaia glis): Light and Electron Microscopic Features of Pulmonary Adenomas2
Authors: M. Sambasiva Rao, Janardan K. Reddy
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

The carcinogenic effect of 2,2'-dihydroxy-di-n-propylnitrosamine (DHPN) was examined in the primitive primate, tree shrew (Tupaia glis). DHPN was administered at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight sc once a week for 80 weeks. Between 65 and 102 weeks, 8 of 9 males given DHPN (89%) and 11 of 14 females given DHPN (78%) developed pulmonary adenomas. In 2 DHPN-treated males, in addition to adenomas, bronchioalveolar carcinomas were observed. Transmission electron microscopic examination of pulmonary adenomas from 4 DHPN-treated animals showed that Clara cells were the main components of these tumors. In addition to pulmonary tumors, 9% of the DHPN-treated animals developed squamous cell carcinomas of the skin and hepatocellular carcinomas. None of the 6 controls, which received olive oil alone, developed any tumors.
The role of adenomyosis in uterine endometrial cancer (Em Ca) invasion to myometrium
Authors: H. Fujiwara, T. Urabe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

5179 Background: It is unclear what adenomyosis play roles in Em Ca invasion. Methods: Eighty five patients with Em Ca (stage 0=31, 1a=15, 1b=21, 1c=8, 2b=2, 3a=3, 3c=4, 4a=1, Age 22–82 years old, mean 54.1) received operative therapy with hysterectomy between January 2001 and November 2004. Evaluation of stromal reaction using immunohistochemical method with alpha-smooth muscle actin and h-caldesmon antibody. In case of alpha-smooth muscle actin had immunoreactivity and h-caldesmon had not immunoreactivity, there was stromal reaction with myofibroblast. Immunoreactivity scored from zero to four degrees. Results: Forty seven patients had adenomyosis in 85 Em Ca patients. In nine cases, Em Ca invaded near to adenomyosis lesion. In thirty nine cases with myometrial invasion (stage 1b-), all cases had stromal reaction with myofibloblast in myometrial invasion area (scored 1–10 cases, 2–15 cases, 3–10 cases, 4–4 cases). In contrast, nine cases with Em Ca invasion near to adenomyosis, stromal reaction with myofibloblast score were more high (scored 1–0 cases, 1–0 case, 2–3 cases, 3–3 cases, 4–3 cases). Conclusions: When Em Ca invaded around the adenomyosis in myometrium, stromal rection with myofibloblasts appeared stronger than in myometrium without adenomyosis. This may be the adenomyosis reaction of protection from Em Ca invasion. No significant financial relationships to disclose.