tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THU0599 Validation of the Dutch-Flemish Promis Pain Behavior and Pain Interference Item Banks in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: M.H. Crins, C.B. Terwee, R. Westhovens, D. van Schaardenburg, N. Smits, J. Joly, P. Verschueren, K. Van der Elst, D. Cella, K.F. Cook, J. Dekker, M. Boers, L.D. Roorda
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> In the assessment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) it is important to measure pain behavior and pain interference. The National Institutes of Health9s Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) initiative developed item banks for measuring pain behavior and pain interference. These PROMIS item banks were translated into Dutch-Flemish language according to the FACIT methodology. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of current study was to validate the Dutch-Flemish translation of the PROMIS Pain Behavior (DF-PROMIS-PB) and Pain Interference (DF-PROMIS-PI) item banks in Dutch and Flemish RA patients. <h3>Methods</h3> 826 Dutch and 618 Flemish RA patients completed a paper-and-pencil or web-based survey, including the full DF-PROMIS-PB (39 items, 6-point Likert scale) and DF-PROMIS-PI (40 items, 5-point Likert scale). One-factor confirmatory factor analysis assessed unidimensionality. Item response theory (IRT) models evaluated the item characteristics of the two item banks, to facilitate future development of computer adaptive tests (CAT). A graded item response model (GRM) was fitted and construct validity was studied. Ordinal regression models evaluated Differential Item Functioning (DIF) for e.g. language (Dutch-Flemish vs. English and Dutch vs. Flemish), to analyse cross-cultural validity. <h3>Results</h3> Current analyses support unidimensionality of the DF-PROMIS-PB and DF-PROMIS-PI (CFI=0.975;0.997 respectively and TLI=0.974;0.997 respectively). The first factor accounted for 49% (DF-PROMIS-PB) respectively 81% (DF-PROMIS-PI) of the questionnaire variance. Thirteen out of 741 (1.8%) DF-PROMIS-PB item pairs and 20 out of 780 (2.6%) DF-PROMIS-PI item pairs were marked as possibly locally dependent. The data of the two item banks fit the GRM, and showed good coverage across the pain behavior and pain interference continuum. Further analyses of the DF-PROMIS-PB and the DF-PROMIS-PI are in progress and will be presented at the conference. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The first results indicate that the items of the DF-PROMIS-PB and the DF-PROMIS-PI fit a GRM and demonstrate good coverage across the range of the pain behavior and pain interference domain. The interim conclusion is that the DF-PROMIS-PB and DF-PROMIS-PI can be used to develop a CAT for measuring pain behavior and pain interference in Dutch and Flemish RA patients. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Virus of Avian Erythromyeloblastic Leukosis. I. Relation of Specific Plasma Particles to the Dephosphorylation of Adenosine Triphosphate<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">2</xref>
Authors: E B MOMMAERTS, D G SHARP, E A ECKERT, D BEARD, J W BEARD
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1954)
Mortality Attributed to Lung Cancer in the Large Cities of the United States in 1948 and 1949
Authors: Alexander G. Gilliam, M. D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1955)

Journal Article Mortality Attributed to Lung Cancer in the Large Cities of the United States in 1948 and 1949 Get access Alexander G. Gilliam, M. D. Alexander G. Gilliam, M. D. National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 15, Issue 5, April 1955, Pages 1307–1312, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/15.5.1307 Published: 01 April 1955 Article history Received: 27 September 1954 Published: 01 April 1955
Impact of nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) in Italy in the three years following implementation (2001-2003)
Authors: C Velati, L Fomiatti, L Baruffi, L Romanò, A Zanetti
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2005)

The use of NAT technology to screen blood donations in Italy became mandatory on 28 June 2002, but had been available experimentally since 2001. During the transition period, an EIA test to detect hepatitis C core antigen (HCVcoreAg) had also been permitted. Considering the large number of blood transfusion centres in Italy, an initial reorganisation of the biological validation of blood units was necessary, with a partial centralisation of NAT testing. The Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio delle Malattie Trasmissibili con la Trasfusione (Italian Group for the Study of Transfusion-Transmissible Diseases) conducted a national survey evaluating NAT testing, based on an annual collection of data through a questionnaire sent to all centres. In the first three years of the investigation, 219 blood transfusion centres returned the questionnaires. In the period between January 2001 and December 2003, 3 894 894 blood donations were investigated for HCV RNA and 2 186 468 for HIV RNA. Of these, 12 were found to be HCV RNA positive and four HIV RNA positive, with an observed NAT versus antibody-based assay yield of 3.1/106 donations for HCV and 1.8/106 donations for HIV, respectively. Five of the 12 HCV RNA positive and anti-HCV negative donors had abnormal ALT values and their donations would have been discarded even in absence of NAT testing. Thus the final NAT yield for HCV is 1.79/106. The residual risk for HCV or HIV transmission by blood transfusion after NAT implementation is currently estimated to be extremely low in Italy.
SAT0080 Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) in Self-Report Questionnaires and Composite Clinical Disease Index for Assessing Rheumatoid Arthritis. Identification of Cut-Off Points for Routine Care: Table 1
Authors: F. Salaffi, M. Carotti, M. Di Carlo, R. De Angelis, M. Gutierrez
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> In order to interpret better the patient-reported outcomes (PROs) score changes in clinical routine, some cut-points have been determined. One of these cut-points is the Patient-Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) that is defined as the highest level of symptom beyond which patients consider themselves well [1]. It is strictly a PRO, and consists of a global dichotomized simple question about patient9s satisfaction of their state of symptoms [2]. <h3>Objectives</h3> To provide information on the value of PASS in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by the identification of PASS thresholds for PROs composite scores. <h3>Methods</h3> The characteristics of RA patients with affirmative and negative assignment to PASS were compared. Contributors to physician response were estimated by logistic regression models and PASS thresholds by the 75th percentile and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve methods. <h3>Results</h3> 303 RA patients completed the study. All PROs were different between the PASS (+) and PASS (-) groups (p&lt;0.0001). The thresholds with the 75th percentile approach were 2.0 for the RA Impact of Disease (RAID) score, 2.5 for the PRO-CLinical ARthritis Activity (PRO-CLARA) index, 1.0 for the Recent-Onset Arthritis Disability (ROAD) questionnaire and 3.3 for patients assessment of general health (Table). The cut-off values for Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) were in the moderate range of disease activity. Assessing the size of the logistic regression coefficients, the strongest predictors of PASS were the disease activity (p=0.0007) and functional state level (0.006). <h3>Conclusions</h3> PASS thresholds were relatively high and many patients in PASS had moderate disease activity states according to CDAI. Factors such as disease activity and physical function may influence a negative PASS. <h3>References</h3> Kvien TK, Heiberg T, Hagen KB. Minimal clinically important improvement/difference (MCII/MCID) and patient acceptable symptom state (PASS): what do these concepts mean? Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 66(Suppl III): iii40-iii41. Tubach F, Ravaud P, Beaton D, et al. Minimal clinically important improvement and patient acceptable symptom state for subjective outcome measures in rheumatic disorders. J Rheumatol 2007; 34(5): 1188-93. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
FRI0602 What is the Relation Between Clinical Syndromes and Brain MRI Changes in Npsle? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: O. Amin, A. Kaul, T. Smith, F. Howe, N. Sofat
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> The relationship between clinical NPSLE features and MRI findings is unclear. We used a systematic review and meta-analysis to overcome the limitations of previous studies which often use small patient numbers. As no single test can currently diagnose NPSLE, establishing a relationship between clinical disease manifestations and imaging may improve diagnosis, management and prognosis. <h3>Objectives</h3> To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on all published studies of NPSLE which included data on MRI and 1999 ACR defined clinical NPSLE syndromes to determine their relationship. <h3>Methods</h3> A systematic literature search of PUBMED MEDLINE (1947-), OVID MEDLINE (1946-), EMBASE (1980-) and COCHRANE (1998-) databases was undertaken to screen abstracts up to December 2014. Shortlisted studies contained key words (NPSLE; MRI) with MRI imaging and extractable results for individual clinical syndromes. Reviews, case reports, letters to the editor and studies not published in English or in human subjects were excluded. The CASP tool was used for quality assessment of the included studies. Data analysis used PRISM software and the Mann-Whitney test for statistical analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Of 724 studies screened, 21 fulfilled inclusion criteria. In total 818 patients (91% female) with 1064 NPSLE syndromes were analysed. The 6 most prevalent syndromes were headache (19.6%), seizures (15.0%), cerebrovascular disease (14.0%), cognitive dysfunction (11.8%), acute confusional state (9.9%) and mood disorders (8.7%). Mononeuropathy, plexopathy, autonomic disorder and Guillain-Barré syndrome were rare (&lt;1%). White matter hyperintensities (WMH) (Range 32.9-42.3%) and vascular lesions (15.4-31.7%) were the commonest MRI changes. Grey matter hyperintensities (GMH) (2.8-14.4%) were less frequent. There was a statistically significant association between an abnormal MRI result and cerebrovascular disease (p=0.0012) and cognitive dysfunction (p=0.0102). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we found an association between abnormal MRI scans, cerebrovascular disease and cognitive dysfunction. NPSLE is a difficult clinical challenge and our finding is useful in guiding diagnosis and treatment. In future, advanced MRI techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging and 1H MR spectroscopy which probe tissue microstructure and metabolism or more objective clinical diagnostic tests might promote a better understanding between imaging changes and clinical changes in NPSLE. <h3>References</h3> The American College of Rheumatology nomenclature and case definitions for neuropsychiatric lupus syndromes. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42(4):599–608. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Trends in Obesity Among Adults in the United States, 2005 to 2014
Authors: Katherine M. Flegal, Deanna Kruszon-Moran, Margaret D. Carroll, Cheryl D. Fryar, Cynthia L. Ogden
Journal: JAMA (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Between 1980 and 2000, the prevalence of obesity increased significantly among adult men and women in the United States; further significant increases were observed through 2003-2004 for men but not women. Subsequent comparisons of data from 2003-2004 with data through 2011-2012 showed no significant increases for men or women. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine obesity prevalence for 2013-2014 and trends over the decade from 2005 through 2014 adjusting for sex, age, race/Hispanic origin, smoking status, and education. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Analysis of data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a cross-sectional, nationally representative health examination survey of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population that includes measured weight and height. <h3>Exposures</h3> Survey period. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Prevalence of obesity (body mass index ≥30) and class 3 obesity (body mass index ≥40). <h3>Results</h3> This report is based on data from 2638 adult men (mean age, 46.8 years) and 2817 women (mean age, 48.4 years) from the most recent 2 years (2013-2014) of NHANES and data from 21 013 participants in previous NHANES surveys from 2005 through 2012. For the years 2013-2014, the overall age-adjusted prevalence of obesity was 37.7% (95% CI, 35.8%-39.7%); among men, it was 35.0% (95% CI, 32.8%-37.3%); and among women, it was 40.4% (95% CI, 37.6%-43.3%). The corresponding prevalence of class 3 obesity overall was 7.7% (95% CI, 6.2%-9.3%); among men, it was 5.5% (95% CI, 4.0%-7.2%); and among women, it was 9.9% (95% CI, 7.5%-12.3%). Analyses of changes over the decade from 2005 through 2014, adjusted for age, race/Hispanic origin, smoking status, and education, showed significant increasing linear trends among women for overall obesity (<i>P</i> = .004) and for class 3 obesity (<i>P</i> = .01) but not among men (<i>P</i> = .30 for overall obesity;<i>P</i> = .14 for class 3 obesity). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this nationally representative survey of adults in the United States, the age-adjusted prevalence of obesity in 2013-2014 was 35.0% among men and 40.4% among women. The corresponding values for class 3 obesity were 5.5% for men and 9.9% for women. For women, the prevalence of overall obesity and of class 3 obesity showed significant linear trends for increase between 2005 and 2014; there were no significant trends for men. Other studies are needed to determine the reasons for these trends.
Empirically Incorrect
Authors: Amy Schmitt, Daniel J. Gilden, Sanjay Saint, Richard H. Moseley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

A 46-year-old Mexican immigrant presented with epigastric pain and vomiting of coffee-grounds material. He reported fatigue, malaise, jaundice, and a weight loss of 20 lb (9.1 kg) during the previous two months. He had also had dark stools, light-headedness, and mild shortness of breath, but no fever, chills, or night sweats.
Rearrangement of retinoic acid receptor alpha and PML in promyelocytic blast crisis of Ph1 chromosome positive chronic myelocytic leukemia with normal copies of chromosome 15
Authors: M Amano, A Togawa, S Tsurugano, Y Soda, A Yuo, F Takaku, S Ogawa, H Hirai, K Yamada
Journal: Blood (1993)
Amethocaine Hydrochloride
Authors: C. A. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1949)

Chronic mastitis is a term which has lost all precision and value and should be abolished.There are two common non- malignant conditions of the breast met with clinically-cystic disease and the pain syndrome-which are separate and distinct conditions.Cystic disease presents clear objective physical signs from which a clinical diagnosis can be made, the cause is unknown but is possibly a hormonal upset, there is no special liability to carcinoma of the breasts affected, and tapping is a satisfactory treatment.The pain syndrome is a purely sub- jective disorder, although sometimes superimposed on exag- gerated physiological premenstrual engorgement of the breasts, and the breasts affected present no objective abnormality.The cause of the fixation on the breast is usually fear of carcinoma, but in a small proportion of cases is a psychosexual upset.Treatment by explanation and reassurance usually results in cure of the pain.
Tardive dyskinesia and anticholinergic drugs
Authors: G Gardos, J O Cole
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

The evidence from the literature does not support the notion that psychotropic drugs with central anticholinergic properties (antiparkinsonian drugs, neuroleptics, antidepressants) constitute a risk factor in tardive dyskinesia. Antiparkinsonian drugs tend to produce reversible increases in the severity of dyskinetic movements and can be used as pharmacological probes in the assessment of neuroleptic-induced movement disorders.
Anti-CD45 radioimmunotherapy without TBI before transplantation facilitates persistent haploidentical donor engraftment
Authors: Johnnie J. Orozco, Aimee Kenoyer, Ethan R. Balkin, Ted A. Gooley, Donald K. Hamlin, D. Scott Wilbur, Mark D. Hylarides, Sofia H. L. Frost, Raya Mawad, Paul O’Donnell, Brenda M. Sandmaier, Ephraim J. Fuchs, Leo Luznik, Damian J. Green, Ajay K. Gopal, Oliver W. Press, John M. Pagel
Journal: Blood (2015)
Adhesion Molecules in Melanoma—More than Just Superglue?
Authors: MD Mason, R Allman, M Quibell
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1996)

Malignant melanoma is increasing in incidence, and, though early lesions are readily treatable, systemic therapy for metastatic disease remains disappointing. Integrins are a family of cell-surface molecules that mediate adhesion between the cell and the extracellular matrix. One member of the integrin family, the αvβ3 integrin, is associated with progression of melanomas, in that the most malignant cells express the highest levels of αvβ3. Like many members of the integrin family, αvβ3 recognizes the sequence Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) in its ligands, and other molecules that contain this sequence will compete with the natural ligands (such as vitronectin) for binding. There is growing evidence that integrins function as receptors for signal transduction, and that integrin-mediated signalling can affect cell behaviour and even cell survival. Under certain circumstances, loss of integrin-mediated signalling will induce apoptosis, or programmed cell death, and we have demonstrated that melanoma cells treated with a cyclic peptide with high affinity for the αvβ3 integrin will undergo apoptosis within three days. This mechanism might be exploited therapeutically.
OP0236 Different Scoring Methods of FDG PET/CT in Giant Cell Arteritis: Need for Standardization
Authors: E. Brouwer, S. Arends, M. Stellingwerf, K.-J. Lensen, A. Rutgers, N. van der Geest, A. Glaudemans, R. Slart
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most frequent form of vasculitis in persons older than 50 years. Cranial and systemic large vessels can be involved. [<sup>18</sup>F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/ computed tomography (CT) is increasingly used to diagnose inflammation of the large arteries in GCA. Unfortunately, no consensus exists on the preferred scoring method. <h3>Objectives</h3> In the present study, we aim to define the optimal scoring method for GCA for FDG PET/CT, using temporal artery biopsy and clinical diagnosis as the reference method. <h3>Methods</h3> FDG PET/CT scans of GCA patients (glucocorticoid-naïve n=12, on glucocorticoid treatment n=6) and 3 control groups (inflammatory n=18, atherosclerotic n=19, normal controls n=16) were evaluated. We compared two qualitative visual methods (i.e. (1a) first impression and (1b) vascular uptake versus liver uptake) and four semi-quantitative methods ((2a) SUVmax aorta, (2b) SUVmax aorta-to-liver ratio, (2c) SUVmax aorta-to-superior-caval-vein ratio and (2d) SUVmax aorta-to-inferior-caval-vein ratio). FDG uptake pattern (diffuse or focal) and presence of arterial calcifications were also scored <h3>Results</h3> Accuracy of the visual method vascular versus liver uptake was highest when using the cut-off point "vascular uptake higher than liver uptake" (sensitivity 83%, specificity 91%). Sensitivity increased to 92% when patients on glucocorticoids were excluded from the analysis. Regarding the semi-quantitative methods, the SUVmax aorta-to-liver cut-off ratio had the highest accuracy. The optimal cut-off point was 1.03, with sensitivity being 69% and specificity 92%. Sensitivity increased to 90% when excluding patients on glucocorticoids. The number of vascular segments with diffuse uptake pattern was significantly higher in GCA patients without glucocorticoid use compared with all control patient groups. CRP was not significantly different between positive and negative FDG PET scans in the GCA group. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Visual vascular uptake higher than liver uptake resulted in the highest accuracy for the detection of GCA, especially in combination with a diffuse uptake pattern. An aorta-to-liver SUVmax ratio higher than 1.03 had the highest accuracy as semi-quantitative method. The accuracy increased when excluding patients using glucocorticoids from the analyses. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> We received a special grant from the NC Smit/Dutch Arthritis Association for our GCA cohort. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism With “Superscan-Like” Hypermetabolic FDG PET/CT Pattern
Authors: Jean-Francois Grellier, David Lussato, Mathieu Queneau, Mohamed Guernou, Bernard Songy
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 26-year-old man with chronic terminal renal insufficiency under dialysis was referred in our institution for a checkup before kidney transplantation to ensure the absence of malignant neoplasm. The patient had a biological secondary hyperparathyroidism with highly elevated serum parathormon, and treatment with parathyroid surgery was planned before the kidney transplant. Whole-body FDG PET/CT showed no apparent malignant neoplasm, but increased metabolism of the 4 parathyroid gland and the other pitfalls of advanced secondary hyperparathyroidism on chronic renal insufficiency: pseudotumoral calcification in soft tissues, diffuse hypermetabolic bone dystrophy, and osteolytic lesion of pelvic and peripheral skeleton corresponding to brown tumors.
Acute Bronchitis
Authors: Richard P. Wenzel, Alpha A. Fowler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

A 40-year-old man with no underlying lung disease has a 7-day history of cough that is now productive of purulent sputum and mild shortness of breath with exertion. He reports no paroxysms of cough and no contact with ill persons in his community. He does not appear to be in distress. His temperature is 37°C, his pulse 84 beats per minute, and his respiratory rate 17 breaths per minute. On auscultation of the lungs, no rales are heard; scattered wheezes are heard in the lung bases. How should he be evaluated and treated?
Case 18-1964
Authors: Alfred Kranes, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

Presentation of Case First admission. A fifty-five-year-old man entered the hospital because of a mass in the thigh.One year previously he noticed a painless swelling in the left thigh. It gradually increased slightly in size, and one month before admission an aching pain developed in the lateral aspect of the left thigh and knee. X-ray films of the leg taken at another hospital revealed destruction of bone, and a biopsy disclosed a malignant mesenchymal tumor.He had worked as a pipe fitter for more than twenty years.Physical examination revealed an apparently healthy man. The lungs were clear, . . .
Website of the week: Making websites
Authors: Douglas Carnall
Journal: BMJ (2000)

This week's nursing theme in the BMJ prompted me to seek out the nursing locales on the internet—and reflect on the role of the lone producer of an internet resource. One such person is Melanie X, founder of Nursing.Point (www.nursing.point.btinternet.co.uk/), who serves a frames based site of links of interest to nurses. She's added little additional content herself—the value is all in the organisation of the links to other sites—but on an internet where “everything is done by someone else” this makes a lot of sense. The weakness of the site is in the inevitably high proportion of dead links on a site that is maintained by hand.