tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract LB-427: Unique properties of hepatocarcinogenesis-resistant DRH rat hepatocytes linked or not linked to the Drh1 locus on rat chromosome 1
Authors: Norikazu Hashimoto, Masahiro Yamamoto, Masaaki Miyakoshi, Hiroki Tanaka, Katsuhiro Ogawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract DRH rats were established by the selective mating of Donryu rat progeny that exhibited resistance to hepatocarcinogenesis. DRH rats show smaller and fewer preneoplastic hepatocytic lesions than ordinary rats after treatment with hepatocarcinogenic regimens, and these traits have been assigned to two major genetic loci, Drh1 on chromosome 1 and Drh2 on chromosome 4. The DRH hepatocytes have the unique properties such as low proliferation after lead nitrate (LN) treatment, resistance to hepatotoxic chemicals and small cell size. If some of these properties are linked to the Drh1 or Drh2 loci, the properties may be related to the mechanism(s) of the hepatocarcinogenesis-resistance in DRH rats. In this study, to explore what properties are linked to the Drh1 locus, we compared hepatocytes of DRH.F344-Drh1 rats, a congenic DRH strain in which the DRH chromosomal region including the Drh1 locus was substituted by that of F344 rats, were compared with hepatocytes of Donryu, DRH and F344 rats. After LN treatment, although DRH hepatocytes proliferated at low rate, DRH.F344-Drh1 hepatocytes proliferated at high rate comparable to Donryu and F344 hepatocytes. In addition, the DRH.F344-Drh1 livers showed high p38 MAPK dephosphorylation after LN treatment like Donryu and F344 livers, while such p38 MAPK dephosphrylation was not seen in the DRH liver. However, increase of TNF-α, IL-6 and Cox2 mRNA and NFκB/Stat3 activation in the liver was almost at the same degree in Donryu, DRH and DRH.F344-Drh1 rats, suggesting that the low responses to LN in the DRH hepatocytes were not dependent on low cytokine/Cox2 activation but rather due to the inherent properties of DRH hepatocytes. After 200 mg/Kg diethylnitrosamine (DEN) or 5 ml/Kg CCl4 treatment, severe hepatic injury occurred in DRH.F344-Drh-1 rats like Donryu and F344 rats, while its degree was much less in DRH. On the other hand, the DRH.F344-Drh1 as well as DRH hepatocytes exhibited lower proliferation after the EGF or HGF treatment in vitro than Donryu and F344 hepatocytes. Furthermore, the nuclear size of DRH.F344-Drh1 hepatocytes was comparable to that of DRH hepatocytes, which was smaller than those of Donryu and F344 hepatocytes. These findings indicate that the Drh1 locus is linked to the low responses to LN and hepatotoxin resistance in DRH hepatocytes, but not to low proliferation in vitro and small nuclear size. (Supported by the grants from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sports.) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-427. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-427
AT-19 * SINGLE INSTITUTION RETROSPECTIVE COMPARISON OF GLIOBLASTOMA (GBM) PATIENTS (PTS) INITIATED ON BEVACIZUMAB (BEV) BEFORE VERSUS AFTER RECURRENCE IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: A. Desjardins, J. Herndon, F. McSherry, A. Ravelo, E. Lipp, P. Healy, S. Boulton, K. Peters, G. Vlahovic, J. Sampson, A. Friedman, H. Friedman
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: BEV monotherapy received accelerated approval in May 2009 for the treatment of progressive GBM pts. We performed a retrospective chart review of GBM pts initiated on BEV at Duke before first disease progression (BEV-early) versus after the time of recurrence (BEV-late) to understand outcomes of BEV-treated pts in the community. METHODS: Adult GBM pts treated at Duke were identified through our "Primary and Recurrent Glioblastoma Registry". We conducted a retrospective chart review of pts who initiated BEV off clinical trial between 1/1/2009 and 5/14/2012. Pts alive on 5/15/2012 consented to prospective data collection. Demographic, clinical, and outcome data were analyzed. RESULTS: 188 pts treated on BEV-early and 80 pts on BEV-late were identified. Demographics were similar for BEV-early and BEV-late pts; median age of 57 and 55 years, respectively, and the majority are male (64.4% and 51.3%, respectively). At a median follow-up of 38.5 months, median OS from the time of GBM diagnosis was 25.8 months (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 23.1-29 months) for BEV-early pts and 20.5 months (95%CI, 17.1-27.9 months) for BEV-late pts. Median PFS from the time of BEV initiation was 14.8 months (95%CI, 12.2-17.9 months) and 8.8 months (95%CI, 6.6-11.7 months), respectively. 83% and 91% of BEV-early and BEV-late patients who received salvage treatment after initial failure continued with BEV. Grade ≥3 proteinuria occurred in 4% of pts in both groups; grade ≥3 thromboembolic events occurred in 6.9% of BEV-early versus 4% of BEV-late pts. No intracranial hemorrhage was observed. CONCLUSION: This single institution retrospective review suggests a survival advantage for pts initiated on BEV-early compared to BEV-late group, with a median survival difference from GBM diagnosis of at least 5.3 months. Further analyses to identify subgroups of pts benefitting from the addition of BEV early or late will be presented.
SHORT-TERM MORTALITY AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS IN SOUTH KOREA
Authors: Seung-Woon Rha, Byoung Geol Choi, Se Yeon Choi, Jae Kyeong Byun, Min Shim, Dong Joo Oh, Myung Ho Jeong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
A Tickling in the Ear
Authors: Andreas Arnold, Wolfgang Arnold
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

A 63-year-old man presented with acute pruritus and bubbling tinnitus in his right ear, without hearing loss.Otoscopy revealed a bug anchored to the anterosuperior portion of the right tympanic membrane.The bug was removed by suction after a topical anesthetic agent was applied to the patient's ear.The tinnitus resolved immediately.Aside from mild hyperemia, no visible damage to the tympanic membrane was observed.Insects can be found as foreign bodies in the outer ear canal.The differential diagnosis for acute tinnitus and pruritus without hearing loss should prompt evaluation for a foreign body in the outer ear canal.Two weeks after presentation, this patient had a normal tympanic membrane.
P457Effect of changed oxygen free radical on cardiac function of plateau migrants after returning to the low altitude
Authors: Q Zhou
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Objective: To investigate the effect of changed oxygen free radical on cardiac function of plateau migrants after returning to the low altitude.Methods: Serum superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) of 923 soldiers who have stayed in the area of high altitude for 110 days were determined by chemical method 1 day and 15 days after returning to the low altitude respectively,and SOD/MDA ratio was calculated. Tei index, left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS) were measured by color Doppler ultrasonography. Results: Serum SOD and SOD/MDA ratio of those who have exposed shortly in the area of high altitude were significantly reduced while MDA were significantly increased in the early stage after returning to the low altitude compared with those of the control group. Serum SOD and SOD/MDA ratio showed a decreasing trend while MDA showed a rising trend later, and there was still significant difference between them at the 1st day and 15th day after returning to the low altitude (P<0.05). Tei index was significantly higher than that of the control group while LVEF and LVFS were significantly lower than that of the control group at the 1st day after returning to the low altitude (P<0.01). Tei index was significantly reduced while LVEF was significantly increased at the 15th day compared with that of the 1st day after returning to the low altitude (P<0.01). Conclusion: Oxidative injury exists in plateau migrants after returning to the low altitude which has some effects on cardiac function.
P3-04-07: Physiological Concentrations of Genistein and 17b-Estradiol Inhibit MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation by Increasing Bax/Bcl2 Ratio and Decreasing pERK1/2 Expression.
Authors: TT Rajah, KJ Peine, N Du, CA Serret
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Our previous results were the first to show that physiological concentrations (1 μM) of genistein, a soy component, in the presence of17β-estradiol (1 nM) inhibited the cell proliferation of MDA-MB-231 (Estrogen receptor (ER) β positive) breast cancer cells. These results are relevant in premenopausal women with breast cancer of the ERα-negative and ERβ-positive type, especially given the increasing trends of soy intake among the US population in the past decade. The aim of the present study was to identify the mechanism by which genistein plus 17β-estradiol inhibits the cell proliferation of ERα-negative and ERb-positive breast cancer cells. Our hypothesis is that the balance of signaling actions by genistein plus 17β-estradiol from different signaling pathways is likely to lead to the cell's choice to either proliferate or enter the apoptotic pathway. For this purpose, the effect of low and high concentrations of genistein (1 μM and 100 μM) in the presence or absence of 17β-estradiol (1 nM) was studied on the expression of cell signaling proteins involved in cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis (pERK1/2, pAkt, Bax and Bcl2) and correlated to cell proliferation and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 (ERβ positive and ERα negative) breast cancer cells. Methods: Cell proliferation was determined by the MTT assay, apoptosis determined microscopically by the use of acridine orange and ethidium bromide dyes and the expression of cell signaling proteins by western blotting. Results: Our results show that 1μM genistein plus 17β-estradiol significantly increased apoptosis (p&amp;lt;0.05) as compared to the control (12.47% vs 5.87% respectively). Increased expression of Bax/Bcl2 (2.5 fold) along with a decreased expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (2 fold) was observed in cells treated with 1μM genistein plus 17β-estradiol as compared to the control cells. Phosphorylated Akt did not show any differences in the treatment condition as compared to the control. High concentrations of genistein (100 μM) in the presence or absence of 17β-estradiol also increased apoptosis; however these changes could not be correlated to the expression of Bax/Bcl2, or pERK1/2. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results show that physiological concentrations of genistein in the presence of17β-estradiol inhibit cell growth through apoptosis via increased Bax/Bcl2 and a concomitant decrease in pERK1/2 expression. Our results also suggest that different concentrations of genistein elicit cell responses through different signaling mechanisms. These results are especially relevant to the cohort of premenopausal women with breast cancer of the ERβ positive and ERα negative type. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-04-07.
Combined Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Compared with Radiotherapy Alone in Patients with Cancer of the Esophagus
Authors: Arnold Herskovic, Karen Martz, Muhyi Al-Sarraf, Lawrence Leichman, Jeffrey Brindle, Vainutis Vaitkevicius, Jay Cooper, Roger Byhardt, Lawrence Davis, Bahman Emami
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

The efficacy of conventional treatment with surgery and radiation for cancer of the esophagus is limited. The median survival is less than 10 months, and less than 10 percent of patients survive for 5 years. Recent studies have suggested that combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy may result in improved survival.
Case 9-1981
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Edwin L. Carter, James J. Galdabini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Presentation of CaseA 42-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen.He was well until 10 months earlier, when he was admitted to the hospital because of severe right-lower-quadrant pain. At laparotomy the cecum and appendix were delivered through the incision; the appendix appeared red and edematous and was excised; microscopical examination of the specimen showed periappendiceal Fibrous adhesions with marked vascular congestion and slight chronic inflammation. Tenderness persisted in the area of the incision for several weeks. Five months before admission the patient fell three flights from a . . .
DN-03 * MUTANT IDH1-DRIVEN CELLULAR TRANSFORMATION INCREASES RAD51-MEDIATED HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION AND TEMOZOLOMIDE RESISTANCE
Authors: S. Ohba, J. Mukherjee, W. See, R. Pieper
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations occur in most lower-grade glioma, and not only drive gliomagenesis but are associated with longer patient survival and improved response to temozolomide (TMZ). To investigate the possible causative relationship between these events, we introduced wild-type (WT) or mutant IDH1 into immortalized, untransformed human astrocytes, then monitored transformation status and TMZ response. TMZ-sensitive parental cells exhibited DNA damage (gamma-H2AX foci) and a prolonged G2 cell cycle arrest beginning 3 days after TMZ (100 µM, 3hr) exposure and persisting for greater than 4 days. The same cells transformed by expression of mutant IDH1 exhibited a comparable degree of DNA damage and cell cycle arrest, but both events resolved significantly faster in association with increased, rather than decreased, clonogenic survival. The increases in DNA damage processing, cell cycle progression, and clonogenicity were unique to cells transformed by mutant IDH1, and were not noted in cells transformed by WT IDH1 or an oncogenic form (V12H) of Ras. Similarly these effects were not noted following introduction of mutant IDH1 into Ras-transformed cells or established GBM cells. TMZ-induced DNA double strand breaks are repaired in human cells by the process of homologous recombination (HR), and consistent with this observation, the increased TMZ resistance in mutant IDH1-transformed cells was associated with increased HR. Furthermore, the effects of mutant IDH1 on the response to TMZ could be reversed by the genetic or pharmacologic suppression of the HR DNA repair protein RAD51. These results show that mutant IDH1 drives a unique set of transformative events that indirectly enhance HR and facilitate repair of TMZ-induced DNA damage and TMZ resistance. The results also suggest that inhibitors of HR may be a viable means to enhance TMZ response in IDH1 mutant glioma.
Minister defends government spending on vCJD research
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The government is spending “proportionate” amounts of money on research into variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) and ways of detecting the potentially fatal disease, MPs have heard.

Jane Ellison, the public health minister, and Sally Davies, England’s chief medical officer, defended the government’s record on tackling the disease at an evidence session of the House of Commons science and technology committee on 30 April.

The disease, sometimes called the human form of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), emerged after widespread exposure of the UK population to BSE prions in the late 1980s and early 1990s through contaminated meat products in the food chain.

A study published in The BMJ last year1 estimated that …
EP-04 * ACTIVATION OF THE IL6/STAT3 PATHWAY IN CHILDHOOD EPENDYMOMA IS ASSOCIATED WITH A PRO-INFLAMMATORY TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT AND A POOR PROGNOSIS
Authors: A. Griesinger, R. Josephson, A. Donson, J. M. Levy, V. Amani, D. Birks, L. Hoffman, R. Vibhakar, M. Handler, N. Foreman
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

To aid development of immunotherapy for poor outcome Group A ependymoma (EPN) in children we sought to identify the molecular pathway underlying the adverse pro-inflammatory phenotype associated with this molecular subgroup.We previously showed the importance of immunological factors and that an anti-tumor immunophenotype was critical in survival whereas a pro-inflammatory phenotype was associated with a poor outcome.We Overall survival
PTU-138 Analysis of the effects of specialisation on the quality of reporting of stomach cancer using the Royal College of Pathologists minimum dataset in the Yorkshire region: Abstract PTU-138 Table 1
Authors: O Rotimi, E Morris
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The completeness of a cancer pathology report is central to quality patient management and over the years proforma reporting has become a way of standardising reports. There has been an increasing trend towards specialisation in histopathology. This study examines the effect of specialisation on the degree of completeness, accuracy of information and quality of reporting of the Royal College of Pathologists9 stomach cancer dataset. <h3>Methods</h3> An audit of 1065 pathology forms from surgically removed stomach cancer cases over a 12-year period (1995–2006) was carried out. The rate of completeness of the forms, accuracy of the information content and quality of reporting were determined. Accuracy of the information content was adjudged by running specific queries to check for discrepancies such as mis-match of the depth of local invasion and the pathological tumour (pT) stage. Quality was assessed by the number of lymph nodes retrieved and recorded. The impact of specialisation on the accuracy and quality of the information contents of the forms were analysed by comparing median number of lymph nodes retrieved, completion rate of the forms and rate of discrepancies between specialist (Leeds) and non-specialist (11 others) departments. Differences between the two were statistically tested for significance (p≤0.05) using appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 1065 forms, 31% were submitted from Leeds NHS Trust. There was 90.3% completion rate for core items overall and there were discrepancies in 316 cases (30%). The number of lymph nodes retrieved range from 0 to 95 per case with an overall median of 15 lymph nodes. The results of the comparison between the specialist and non-specialist centres with respect to completeness, accuracy and quality are presented in Abstract PTU-138 table 1. These showed statistically significant difference between the two groups with specialist centre consistently performing better than the non-specialist centres. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This analysis of a large number of proformas from a region shows a completion rate and an overall good quality using lymph node retrieval. Specialisation of histopathologists has significant impact on the completeness of forms, accuracy of information content and quality of reporting. Therefore, further specialisation is recommended to improve the quality of cancer reports and patient management. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Elevated Arterial Blood Pressure in Cardiac Tamponade
Authors: Jay Brown, David MacKinnon, Anthony King, Eric Vanderbush
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

In cardiac tamponade cardiac output falls, but peripheral vascular resistance increases, so that systemic blood pressure may be maintained at normal or near-normal levels. We recently observed a patient with cardiac tamponade whose blood pressure was markedly elevated.To determine the frequency of elevated blood pressure in patients with cardiac tamponade and their hemodynamic characteristics, we studied 18 consecutive patients with cardiac tamponade from a variety of causes using right heart catheterization.Six of the 18 patients had systolic arterial blood pressures ranging from 150 to 210 mm Hg (mean [+/- SD], 176 +/- 26) and diastolic pressures ranging from 100 to 130 mm Hg (mean, 113 +/- 14). All six had previously been hypertensive. After pericardiocentesis there was a significant decrease in blood pressure (to 139 +/- 13 mm Hg systolic, P less than 0.05; and 83 +/- 6 mm Hg diastolic, P less than 0.01) and peripheral vascular resistance (from 2150 +/- 588 to 1207 +/- 345 dyn.sec.cm-5, P less than 0.01). Cardiac output increased in all six. The other 12 patients, 3 of whom had a history of hypertension, had significant increases in cardiac output and systolic blood pressure (from 119 +/- 13 to 127 +/- 7 mm Hg, P less than 0.05) after pericardiocentesis, whereas peripheral vascular resistance decreased. Both groups had similar degrees of cardiac tamponade, as indicated by measurements of cardiac output and intrapericardial, right atrial, and pulmonary-artery wedge pressures.Elevated blood pressure may occur in some patients with cardiac tamponade who have preexisting hypertension. Moreover, blood pressure may fall after pericardiocentesis in patients who have elevated blood pressure associated with tamponade.
Evaluation of a Directly Observed Therapy Short-Course Strategy for Treating Tuberculosis--Orel Oblast, Russian Federation, 1999-2000
Journal: JAMA (2001)

The number of tuberculosis (TB) cases increased dramatically in the Russian Federation during the 1990s and the rise paralleled concomitant increases in TB-associated mortality.  In November 1998 the WHO US Agency for International Development and CDC in collaboration with the Central Tuberculosis Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Medical Science and the Russian Ministry of Health implemented WHO’s control strategy program of directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS) in three regions.  The program was designed to provide comprehensive TB care to both civilian and prison populations within each region (oblast) and periodic cohort analysis of treatment outcomes were recommended to evaluate its progress.  This report summarizes evaluations of treatment outcomes for patients enrolled during the first 6 months of the project in Orel oblast and indicates that treatment success rates among TB patients in Orel were high.  The findings of the evaluation support the use of DOTS as a control strategy in the Russian Federation.
Sun Plays Havoc With Light Skin Down Under
Authors: T. Reynolds
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Sun Plays Havoc With Light Skin Down Under Get access Tom Reynolds Tom Reynolds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 18, 16 September 1992, Pages 1392–1394, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.18.1392 Published: 16 September 1992
Endoscopic full-thickness resection of colonic submucosal tumors originating from the muscularis propria: an evolving therapeutic strategy
Authors: Meidong Xu, Xiao-Yun Wang, Ping-Hong Zhou, Quan-Lin Li, Yiqun Zhang, Yunshi Zhong, Weifeng Chen, Lili Ma, S. Ishaq, Wenzheng Qin, Jianwei Hu, Liqing Yao
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Endoscopic resection of colonic submucosal tumors (SMTs) is challenging and carries a high risk of perforation. In this prospective pilot study we aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of endoscopic full-thickness resection of colonic SMTs. The study enrolled 19 consecutive patients with colonic SMTs 3 cm in size or smaller. In 18 of the 19 patients full-thickness resection was carried out endoscopically with the entire tumor capsule intact. In 16 of these18 patients, full-thickness resection was carried out and the colonic wall defect closed all endoscopically; in the other 2 patients, laparoscopic closure was needed. Two cases of local peritonitis were managed with conservative treatment. No deaths occurred within 30 days, and no recurrence was detected after a median of 18 months' follow-up. Endoscopic full-thickness resection is a novel method enabling resection of colonic SMTs. The colonic wall mucosal defect can be closed endoscopically in the majority of cases. It appears to be a safe and effective endoscopic technique for managing these tumors, which traditionally are managed by colonic resection.