tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Glutathione, Glutathione S-Transferases, and Related Redox Enzymes in Adriamycin®-Resistant Cell Lines with a Multidrug Resistant Phenotype
Authors: J C Schisselbauer, M Crescimanno, N D'Alessandro, M Clapper, S Toulmond, H Tapiero, K D Tew
Journal: Cancer Communications (1989)

Friend erythroleukemia cells (FLC) selected by exposure to Adriamycin (doxorubicin) express an approximate 2.5-fold (ARN1) or 13-fold (ARN2) resistance to the drug with various degrees of cross-resistance to other anthracyclines, vinca alkaloids, and epipodophyllotoxins. Because the redox cycling of the quinone moiety of Adriamycin is known to produce oxidative stress, however, an analysis of glutathione (GSH) and related enzyme systems was undertaken in the wild-type and selected resistant cells. In ARN1 and ARN2, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities were slightly decreased, intracellular GSH and GSH reductase were essentially unchanged, and total GSH peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and DT-diaphorase activities were slightly elevated. In each case there was no stoichiometric relationship between degree of resistance and level of activity. GST isozymes were purified from each cell line by HPLC GSH affinity column chromatography. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and western blot immunoreactivity against a battery of GST isozyme polyclonal antibodies determined that both the resistant and sensitive cells expressed isozymes of the alpha, pi, and mu classes (alternative murine nomenclature: M1, M2, M3). Of significance, both ARN1 and ARN2 cell lines expressed a unique alpha subunit which was absent from the parent FLC cell line. This isozyme presumably accounted for the increased GSH peroxidase activity (cumene hydroperoxide as substrate) found in ARN1 and ARN2 and may play a role in the small incremental resistance to melphalan found for both resistant lines. Expression of the isozyme was not stoichiometric with respect to degree of resistance. The presence of this isozyme may contribute to the resistant phenotype or may be the consequence of a more general cellular response to oxidative stress.
Delisting of liver transplant candidates with chronic hepatitis C after viral eradication: A European study
Authors: Luca Saverio Belli, Marina Berenguer, Paolo Angelo Cortesi, Mario Strazzabosco, Susanne-Rasoul Rockenschaub, Silvia Martini, Cristina Morelli, Francesca Donato, Riccardo Volpes, Georges-Philippe Pageaux, Audrey Coilly, Stefano Fagiuoli, Giuliana Amaddeo, Giovanni Perricone, Carmen Vinaixa, Gabriela Berlakovich, Rita Facchetti, Wojciech Polak, Paolo Muiesan, Christophe Duvoux
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
Transient elastography in autoimmune hepatitis: Timing determines the impact of inflammation and fibrosis
Authors: Johannes Hartl, Ulrike Denzer, Hanno Ehlken, Roman Zenouzi, Moritz Peiseler, Marcial Sebode, Sina Hübener, Nadine Pannicke, Christina Weiler-Normann, Alexander Quaas, Ansgar W. Lohse, Christoph Schramm
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
SmithRNAs: Could Mitochondria “Bend” Nuclear Regulation?
Authors: Andrea Pozzi, Federico Plazzi, Liliana Milani, Fabrizio Ghiselli, Marco Passamonti
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2017)

Typically, animal mitochondria have very compact genomes, with few short intergenic regions, and no introns. Hence, it may seem that there is little space for unknown functions in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). However, mtDNA can also operate through RNA interference, as small non coding RNAs (sncRNAs) produced by mtDNA have already been proposed for humans. We sequenced sncRNA libraries from isolated mitochondria of Ruditapes philippinarum (Mollusca Bivalvia) gonads, a species with doubly uniparental inheritance of mitochondria, and identified several putative sncRNAs of mitochondrial origin. Some sncRNAs are transcribed by intergenic regions that form stable stem-hairpin structures, which makes them good miRNA-like candidates. We decided to name them small mitochondrial highly-transcribed RNAs (smithRNAs). Many concurrent data support that we have recovered sncRNAs of mitochondrial origin that might be involved in gonad formation and able to affect nuclear gene expression. This possibility has been never suggested before. If mtDNA can affect nuclear gene expression through RNA interference, this opens a plethora of new possibilities for it to interact with the nucleus, and makes metazoan mtDNA a much more complex genome than previously thought.
Traumatic Carotid-Artery Dissection
Authors: Jon S. Matsumura, William H. Pearce
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Figure 1. A 35-year-old woman fell off her bicycle, striking her chin on the pavement. She initially reported bilateral neck pain and headache and later had photophobia and weakness and paresthesia in the right arm. Examination revealed anisocoria but no other neurologic findings.Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of bilateral dissections, beginning with tears in the extracranial internal carotid arteries anterior to the upper cervical vertebrae and extending distally into the intracranial siphon. (The inverted A denotes anterior orientation.) These lesions are uncommon, accounting for less than 5 percent of all carotid injuries, but they are diagnosed more frequently . . .
Prediction of rates of thromboembolic and major bleeding outcomes with dabigatran or warfarin among patients with atrial fibrillation: new initiator cohort study
Authors: Shirley V Wang, Jessica M Franklin, Robert J Glynn, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Wesley Eddings, Joshua J Gagne
Journal: BMJ (2016)

To compare stratified event rates from randomized controlled trials with predicted event rates from models developed in observational data, and assess their ability to accurately capture observed rates of thromboembolism and major bleeding for patients treated with dabigatran or warfarin as part of routine care. New initiator cohort study. Data from United Health (October 2009 to June 2013), a commercial healthcare claims database in the United States. 21 934 adults with atrial fibrillation initiating dabigatran (150 mg dose only) or warfarin treatment as part of routine care. Predicted annual rates of thromboembolism or major bleeding, based on estimates from randomized controlled trials, models developed in routine care patients, and baseline risk scores (CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, and HAS-BLED). Thromboembolism was a composite outcome, including primary inpatient diagnosis codes for ischemic or ill defined stroke, transient ischemic attack, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and systemic embolism. Major bleeding was a composite outcome including codes occurring in an inpatient setting for hemorrhagic stroke; major upper, lower, or unspecified gastrointestinal bleed; and major urogenital or other bleed. 6516 (30%) and 15 418 (70%) of patients initiated dabigatran and warfarin, respectively. Annual event rates per 100 patients were 1.7 for thromboembolism and 4.6 for major bleeding. For thromboembolism, calibration of estimates from randomized controlled trials was similar to calibration for model based predictions; however, trial estimates for major bleeding consistently underestimated the rate of bleeding among patients in routine care. Underestimation of bleeding rates was particularly pronounced in warfarin initiators with high HAS-BLED scores, where event rates were underestimated by up to 4.0 per 100 patient years. Harrell's c indices for discrimination for thromboembolism or major bleeding in dabigatran and warfarin initiators ranged between 0.59 and 0.66 for randomized controlled trial predictions, and between 0.52 and 0.70 for cross validated model based predictions. Estimated rates of thromboembolism under dabigatran or warfarin treatment in randomized controlled trials were close to observed rates in routine care patients. However, rates of major bleeding were underestimated. Models developed in routine care patients can provide accurate, tailored estimates of risk and benefit under alternative treatment to enhance patient centered care.
A case control study on risk factors of lymphedema after axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer in Hong Kong
Authors: S. Mak, W. Yeo, K. F. Mo, K. Y. Tse, Y. M. Lee, S. M. Tse, F. P. Ho, W. H. Kwan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

9048 Background: Lymphedema is a relatively common occurrence after treatment for breast cancer. Some of the causes are well known such as axillary surgery and axillary radiation therapy. However, many of the potential modifiable factors such as weight-bearing exercises and airline travel have been inadequately studied. Methods: A matched case-control study was designed to evaluate potential factors associated with lymphedema for breast cancer patients. Subjects were 202 women undergoing a unilateral axillary dissection for breast cancer, consisting of 101 cases with lymphedema and 101 controls without lymphedema who were matched cases in terms of surgery date, having received axillary radiotherapy or not and stage of cancer. Potential risk factors were collected by using clinical data and questionnaire. Two-arm circumferences were measured to determine presence and severity of lymphedema. A multiple logistic regression was used to obtain the adjust odds ratios for potential risk factors. Results: Adjusted odds ratio (OR) for lymphedema were separately 3.80 (95% CI 1.84- 7.87) for previous inflammation-infection, and 1.06 (95% CI 1.02–1.10) for an increase in one year of age at axillary dissection. Adjusted ORs for moderate to severe degree of lymphedema were separately 4.49 (95% CI 2.16–9.30) for previous inflammation-infection, 2.97 (95% CI 1.46- 6.03) for operation on dominant arm, 1.11 (95% CI 1.01–1.21) for an increase in 1kg/m 2 body mass index at recruitment, and 1.05 (95% CI 1.01–1.10) for an increase in one year of age at recruitment time. Leisure activities requiring walking once a week to twice a week was a protective factor with adjusted ORs of 0.23 (95% CI 0.08–0.66) for developing lymphedema and 0.19 (95% CI 0.05–0.69) for developing moderate to severe lymphedema. Hypertension and tumor location at upper-outer or outer quadrant in breast were not important factors. Conclusions: Previous inflammation-infection and older age at axillary dissection are risk factors for initiating lymphedema. Previous inflammation-infection, operation on the side of dominant hand, obesity and aging are risk factors for aggravating lymphedema. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Factors Influencing Tumor Distribution Among the Mammary Glands of the Mouse
Authors: Richmond T. Prehn, Joan M. Main, Marvin Schneiderman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1954)

Journal Article Factors Influencing Tumor Distribution Among the Mammary Glands of the Mouse Get access Richmond T. Prehn, Richmond T. Prehn National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joan M. Main, Joan M. Main National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marvin Schneiderman Marvin Schneiderman National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 14, Issue 4, February 1954, Pages 895–904, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/14.4.895 Published: 01 February 1954 Article history Received: 21 September 1953 Published: 01 February 1954
Indian children and tribal group homes: new interpretations of the Whipper Man
Authors: J H Shore, W M Nicholls
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

The authors describe a community-based children's home and child welfare program among a tribe of Plateau Indians. The program has been effective because it is compatible with this Indian culture, which accepts extended family and community responsibility for child care. The authors feel that the program demonstrates principles of primary prevention in community mental health.
Independent comparison of three mathematical models for predicting the risk of additional nodal metastases after positive sentinel lymph node biopsy in early breast cancer.
Authors: Y. Moghaddam, M. Falzon, L. Fulford, N. R. Williams, M. R. Keshtgar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

640 Background: Breast cancer patients with a positive sentinel lymph node invariably have a complete axillary lymph node dissection; however, further nodal disease is not always present. Mathematical models have been constructed to determine the risk of metastatic disease. We have independently compared three of these models. Methods: Data from 108 breast cancer patients who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy followed by complete axillary dissection were compiled. Measures additional to those usually determined (e.g., size of sentinel lymph node) were assessed on stored slides. All assessments were made under the supervision of one pathologist (MF). Data were used to determine the predicted risk of non-sentinel lymph node metastases using three mathematical models (MSKCC model, Ann Surg Oncol 2003, 10[10]1140-1151; Cambridge model, Br J Surg 2008, 95[3]302-309; Stanford model, BMC Cancer 2008, 8:66) and a comparison made with the observed status. Analyses were made of the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves using SAS/STAT software v9.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Results: The areas under the ROC curves are shown in the Table. None of the models was significantly better than the others, although the Cambridge model required fewer measurements (grade, metastasis size, and proportion of positive nodes). Conclusions: This independent comparison of three mathematical models for predicting the risk of additional nodal metastases after positive sentinel lymph node biopsy in early breast cancer found no significant difference between the models, although the Cambridge model has the advantage of requiring fewer measurements. Comparison of ROC curves of the three models (n=108) Area Standard error 95% Wald confidence limits MSKCC 0.629 0.0584 0.515–0.743 Cambridge 0.724 0.0530 0.620–0.828 Stanford 0.667 0.0574 0.555–0.780 No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Hormonal Induction of Tyrosine Aminotransferase Activity in Host Liver and Hepatoma #7777 of Normal and Cofactor-Depleted Animals 2
Authors: A. B. Tryfiates, Frank L. Saus, Harold P. Morris
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Induction of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) (EC 2.6.1.5) by hydrocortisone was studied during cofactor (pyridoxal phosphate) depletion in hepatoma-bearing BUF strain female rats. Pairs of rats were matched for weight and age and one from each pair was fed ad libitum a diet lacking pyridoxine; the other (referred to as “pair-fed”) was given the same diet supplemented with the vitamin, with the amount restricted to that consumed by the matched animal on the deficient diet. All animals were inoculated with Morris hepatoma #7777 cells after 21 days on the respective diets. TAT specific activity was determined weekly in host liver and hepatoma, in the presence and absence of cofactor, before and after the administration of hydrocortisone. Free and bound pyridoxal phosphate was estimated enzymatically. The average weight of hepatomas from pair-fed animals was 1.5-fold to twofold greater than that of hepatomas from animals on deficient diets. TAT activity of hepatomas was two times greater than that of host liver, and lack of dietary pyridoxine was without effect. Hormonal induction of enzymatic activity was maximal after the first week of tumor growth and subsequently reached minimal values. In pair-fed animals, tumor TAT was approximately 60% saturated with cofactor. In vitamin-deficient animals, only 6% of the tumor enzyme was saturated with the cofactor. The percent saturation of host liver TAT varied, with minimal values found in the vitamin-deficient animals. Hepatic and tumor pyridoxal phosphate content of pair-fed animals was unusually high (10 µg/g); in vitamin-deficient animals, only the coenzyme content of hepatomas was high (7.0 µg/g). The results showed that presence of the tumor altered the a) specific activity level of TAT and tissue content of cofactor, b) pattern of hormonal induction of the enzyme, and c) effects of the absence of dietary pyridoxine on TAT induction observed in animals without tumors.
Death and dying
Authors: J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The main theme of this week’s issue is death and dying, a subject where the public and the private jostle uncomfortably. This week’s BMJ contains several articles that add to the debate about public policy and throw light on to the nuances of private thoughts and behaviour.

Dutch law on euthanasia requires that the doctor must be convinced that the patient who requests euthanasia has unbearable suffering. In their qualitative study H R W Pasman and colleagues explored what this concept meant for patients whose request for euthanasia was either refused or granted but not carried out, and for their doctors (doi:10.1136/bmj.b4362). They found that doctors had a narrower view of unbearable suffering than patients, tending …
The role of disulfide-bridge on the activities of H-shape gemini-like cationic lipid based siRNA delivery
Authors: Xiao-Fei Ma, Jing Sun, Chong Qiu, Yi-Fan Wu, Yi Zheng, Min-Zhi Yu, Xi-Wei Pei, Lin Wei, Yu-Jie Niu, Wen-Hao Pang, Zhen-Jun Yang, Jian-Cheng Wang, Qiang Zhang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2016)
Eisenmenger's Syndrome in Pregnancy
Authors: Mark L. Kahn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

To the Editor: Eisenmenger's syndrome consists of pulmonary hypertension with a reversed or bidirectional shunt at the atrial, ventricular, or aortopulmonary level1. Pregnancy should ideally be avoided in a woman with Eisenmenger's syndrome, since it carries a high (approximately 50 percent) risk of sudden death, frequently occurring a few days postpartum2. Because pulmonary thromboembolism may be a cause of sudden death in this setting,3,4 anticoagulation in the peripartum period has been suggested as a method to lower this risk,3 but it may instead contribute to a fatal outcome. A 32-year-old woman was transferred to our hospital. At . . .
The Firearm for Protection? A Risky Bet
Authors: Erik A. Wallace
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

On Being a Doctor17 May 2016The Firearm for Protection? A Risky BetErik A. Wallace, MDErik A. Wallace, MDFrom University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado Springs, Colorado.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M15-2100 Audio Reading - “The Firearm for Protection? A Risky Bet” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "The Firearm for Protection? A Risky Bet," by E.A. Wallace. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail When a patient threatened to kill me 4 years ago, the experience changed my thoughts and actions about life and death. Windows and doors locked at home—check. Security escort at work—check. Over the next several weeks, I tucked my cell phone with unanswered texts and e-mails deep in my pocket while peering behind parked cars, searching for the person who planned to end my life. I clearly needed a firearm for protection.Or did I? Aside from my childhood cap gun and brother's BB gun, I had never handled a real firearm. Firearm ownership, and the joy of hunting and ...Reference1. Weinberger SE, Hoyt DB, Lawrence HC, Levin S, Henley DE, Alden ER, et al. Firearm-related injury and death in the United States: a call to action from 8 health professional organizations and the American Bar Association. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162:513-6. [PMID: 25706470]. doi:10.7326/M15-0337 LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado Springs, Colorado.Corresponding Author: Erik A. Wallace, MD, 4863 North Nevada Avenue, Room 426, Colorado Springs, CO 80918; e-mail, erik.[email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “The Firearm for Protection? A Risky Bet” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "The Firearm for Protection? A Risky Bet," by E.A. Wallace. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Health Care Professional's Pledge: Protecting Our Patients From Firearm InjuryChristine Laine, MD, MPH and Darren B. Taichman, MD, PhD 17 May 2016Volume 164, Issue 10Page: 698-699KeywordsChildrenEmotionsFearFire safetyFirearm injuriesHomicideScarsSportsSuicideWalking ePublished: 17 May 2016 Issue Published: 17 May 2016 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2016 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
PTU-133 Predictors of peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer
Authors: C Harris, V Ostwal, M Goel, M Bal, S Shrikhande
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Presence of peritoneal metastasis implies a grave prognosis in gastric cancer. However, imaging modalities fail to detect peritoneal deposits, often leading to surprises at laparotomy. Staging laparoscopy helps to detect these lesions and thereby decide the intent of therapy in locally advanced gastric cancer. But it is invasive and expensive. The purpose of this study is to identify patients in whom this procedure may be avoided. <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective analysis of the prospectively maintained database of patients treated for gastric cancers at a tertiary referral centre from 2009 to 2015 was performed. Patients without apparent metastatic disease on imaging, who were subjected to laparoscopy to look for peritoneal metastasis, were analysed. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 247 patients underwent staging laparoscopy during the study period. Presence of signet ring cells and mucin in the gastric biopsy, age, gender, site of lesion in the stomach, and levels of Haemoglobin, Albumin, Carbohydrate Antigen 19–9 (CA 19–9) and Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) were studied for their roles in predicting peritoneal metastasis using the Chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Signet cell histology (95% CI 0.202–0.955, p = 0.038), CA 19–9 &gt;37 U/mL (95% CI 0.133–0.688, p = 0.004), CEA &gt;5 ng/mL (95% CI 0.167–0.944, p = 0.037), Albumin &lt;3.5 g/dL (95% CI 0.114–0.917, p = 0.032) and lesions involving the entire stomach (95% CI 0.033–0.94, p = 0.042) were independent predictors of peritoneal metastasis. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Laparoscopy is essential for staging locally advanced gastric cancers. However, in settings with resource constraints, these predictive factors may help in selecting patients for judicious use of resources. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.