tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OC-079 Evaluation of Tertiary Centre Management of Type 2 Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction Supports Manometry Defined Endoscopic Intervention
Authors: MA Butt, JU Kim, A Sangwaiya, P Gummett, S Stawicki, C Wadsworth, P Vlavianos, D Westaby
Journal: Gut (2016)

<h3>Introduction</h3> There is still doubt about the role of manometry and endoscopic intervention in Type 2 sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (T2SOD). We aimed to examine the efficacy of a manometry guided approach in the evolving management of T2SOD in our tertiary clinical practice at Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK. <h3>Methods</h3> We retrospectively evaluated all T2SOD patients referred between 2010 and 2014. Baseline characteristics and procedural outcomes were extracted including manometry readings, type of endoscopic intervention (sphincterotomy or Botulinum toxin injection), complications and pain improvement at 3 and 12 months. <h3>Results</h3> 74 T2SOD patients were identified, 17 of whom were excluded due to prior sphincterotomy or follow up elsewhere. Botulinum toxin injection was performed in 11 patients with normal manometry; 27% of whom reported short term but unsustained benefit. 46 patients were managed with dual sphincterotomy. Sustained benefit at 12 months was seen significant more often in those with abnormal (72%) than normal (21%) sphincter pressure (p = 0.046, OR = 4.6, CI: 1.2–17.5). Complications occurred in 19.2% (11/57) of patient’s post-sphincterotomy, but interestingly were confined only to those with abnormal manometry. Initial pain relief after cholecystectomy (p = 0.037, OR = 11.7, CI = 1.227–110.953) predicted better outcome while those with prior hysterectomy (p = 0.039, OR = 0.039, CI = 0.006-0.849) had worse outcome. Daily opiate users were more likely to suffer complications (p = 0.072, OR = 6.333, CI = 1.114–35.997). Finally, biliary and pancreatic sphincter pressures correlated highly (R = 0.586, p &lt; 0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> We found abnormal manometry predicted both sustained pain improvement post-sphincterotomy and complications. The increased complication risk seems attributable to the underlying disease highlighting the safety of manometry itself. The correlation between biliary and pancreatic sphincter pressure suggests measurement of both may not be necessary before dual sphincterotomy after confirmation of sphincter hypertension. Our study of all-comers advocates a strategy of manometry-defined endoscopic intervention in T2SOD. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics, Plasma Cytokine Signature, Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms and Outcome Between EBV Positive and Negative Hodgkin Lymphoma: a Study of the Groupe Des Lymphomes De l'Adulte (GELA)
Authors: Herve Ghesquieres, Olivier Casasnovas, Fournier Marion, Brice Pauline, Delarue Richard, Morschhauser Franck, Sebban Catherine, Ribrag Vincent, Gaillard Isabelle, Feugier Pierre, Stamatoullas Aspasia, Christophe Fermé, Gilles Andre Salles
Journal: Blood (2010)
A Retrospective Analysis of All Hematological Malignancies in Patients Infected with HIV, a Subset Analysis of the CHAMP Study (Cook County Hospital (CCH) AIDS Malignancy Project),
Authors: Shweta Gupta, Shivi Jain, Sonia Sandhu, Shylendra Sreenivasappa, Shinoj Pattali, Tareq Braik, Margaret Telfer, Audrey French, Paul G. Rubinstein
Journal: Blood (2011)
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Produce Nitric Oxide, a Key Molecule for T Cell Suppression, upon Interaction with Activated T Cells.
Authors: Kazuya Sato, Katsutoshi Ozaki, Iekuni Oh, Akiko Meguro, Reine Tatara, Keiko Hatanaka, Tadashi Nagai, Kazuo Muroi, Keiya Ozawa
Journal: Blood (2006)
Blastoid Variant of Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) Is Associated with P53 Abnormalities and Have a Shorter Progression-Free Survival (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS) Despite Upfront Chemo-Immunotherapy Followed by High Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Support (HDC-ASCS)
Authors: Lyudmyla Derby, Gopichand Pendurti, George Deeb, Sheila Sait, Annmarie Block, Francisco J. Hernandez-Ilizaliturri
Journal: Blood (2010)
Detection of BCR-ABL Point Mutations in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Resistant to Imatinib.
Authors: Rosana A. Silveira, Dulcineia M. Albuquerque, Angela M. Assis, Edson Ichihara, Carmino A. de Souza, Fernando F. Costa, Marcia T. Delamain, Afonso C. Vigorito, Irene Lorand-Metze, Eliana Miranda, Katia B.B. Pagnano
Journal: Blood (2006)
Frontline Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) As Initial Therapy for Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Accelerated Phase (CML-AP),
Authors: Maro Ohanian, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Alfonso Quintas-Cardama, Susan O'Brien, Srdan Verstovsek, Gautam Borthakur, Farhad Ravandi, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Elizabeth M Burton, Long Xuan Trinh, Alessandra Ferrajoli, Elias Jabbour, Tapan Kadia, Jorge E. Cortes
Journal: Blood (2011)
GATA-1, Transcriptionally, and Thrombopoietin-Mediated Akt Activation, Post-Translationally, Regulate Continuous Expression of Bcl-xL Protein during Megakaryopoiesis.
Authors: Yukinori Kozuma, Hiroshi Kojima, Satoshi Yuki, Hidenori Suzuki, Toshiro Nagasawa
Journal: Blood (2006)
Pomalidomide (POM) with Low-Dose Dexamethasone (LoDex) in Patients (Pts) with Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma Who Have Received Prior Therapy with Lenalidomide (LEN) and Bortezomib (BORT): Updated Phase 2 Results and Age Subgroup Analysis
Authors: Sundar Jagannath, Craig C. Hofmeister, David S. Siegel, Ravi Vij, Sagar Lonial, Kenneth C. Anderson, Min Chen, Mohamed Zaki, Paul G. Richardson
Journal: Blood (2012)
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Distinct but Potentially Overlapping Syndromes.
Authors: Laura Hunt, Xiaoning Li, Judith James, Deirdra R. Terrell, Bernhard Lammle, Johanna Kremer-Hovinga, James N. George, Sara K. Vesely
Journal: Blood (2004)
Genetic Variations In TLR-4/TIRAP Genes Influence Response To IMiDs-Based Regimens and Conventional Chemotherapy In Patients With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Tina Bagratuni, Efstathios Kastritis, Evangelos Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou, Nikolaos Kanellias, Christine Liacos, Evangelos Terpos, Meletios A. Dimopoulos
Journal: Blood (2013)
Assessment of the Impact of Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) Replication On Active Citomegalovirus (CMV) Infection After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (Allo-SCT).
Authors: Carlos Solano, Nuria Tormo, Rafael De La Camara, Ana Garcia-Noblejas, Laura Cardeñoso, Maria Angeles Clari, JosÉ Nieto, Javier Lopez, Juan-Carlos Hernáandez-Boluda, Maria Jose Remigia, Isana Benet, David Navarro
Journal: Blood (2009)
Outcome of Transformed FL(t-FL) Worsens According to the Timing of Transformation and to the Number of Previous Therapies. A Survey of the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL)
Authors: Chiara Rusconi, Antonella Anastasia, Annalisa Chiarenza, Luigi Marcheselli, Federica Cavallo, Sara Rattotti, Barbara Botto, Angela Ferrari, Manuela Zanni, Marco Calabrese, Chiara Pagani, Erika Meli, Massimo Federico, Giuseppe Rossi
Journal: Blood (2015)
An Alternative Transcript of the PANE1 Gene Encodes a Minor Histocompatibility Antigen That Is Selectively Expressed in Resting CD19+ Cells and B-CLL.
Authors: Anthony G. Brickner, Jeffrey K. Mito, Xin Feng, Tetsuya Nishida, Liane Fairfull, Robert E. Ferrell, Kenneth A. Foon, Stanley R. Riddell, Edus H. Warren
Journal: Blood (2005)
The Addition of Systemic High-Dose Methotrexate (HD-MTX) to Intrathecal Chemotherapy (IT) for Central Nervous System (CNS) Prophylaxis Substantilly Reduces CNS Recurrence Rates in Patients with at-Risk Aggressive Lymphoma: A Historically Controlled Prospective Study
Authors: Kirsten Herbert, Max Wolf, Dennis Carney, David Alan Westerman, Henry Januszewicz, Simon Harrison, David Ritchie, H. Miles Prince, John Francis Seymour
Journal: Blood (2008)
Identification of Circulating Autoantibodies in Patients with Lymphoma Using Antigen Arrays.
Authors: Karen Pulford, Hong Chen, Kamel Ait-Tahar, Amanda P. Liggins, Christopher D.O. Cooper, Graham Collins, Chris S.R. Hatton, Edith Gould, David Toomey, Alison H. Banham, Derek Murphy
Journal: Blood (2006)
Development and Characterization of Phospha Sugar Derivatives, DMPP and TMPP, with Anti-Leukemic Effects
Authors: Satoki Nakamura, Mitsuji Yamashita, Daisuke Yokota, Isao Hirano, Takaaki Ono, Michio Fujie, Kiyoshi Shibata, Taishi Niimi, Takuya Suyama, Kasthuraiah Maddali, Kazuhide Asai, Junko Yamashita, Yukiko Iguchi, Kazunori Ohnishi
Journal: Blood (2008)
Bone Microenvironment Cells Show a Different Pattern of Gene Expression Profiling in Relationship with the Presence of Osteolytic Bone Lesions in Multiple Myeloma Patients
Authors: Katia Todoerti, Gina Lisignoli, Simona Colla, Paola Storti, Luca Agnelli, Cristina Manferdini, Donata Verdelli, Monica Crugnola, Katia Codeluppi, Giorgio Lambertenghi Deliliers, Vittorio Rizzoli, Antonino Neri, Nicola Giuliani
Journal: Blood (2008)
Re: James J. Hsieh, David Chen, Patricia I. Wang, et al. Genomic Biomarkers of a Randomized Trial Comparing First-line Everolimus and Sunitinib in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Eur Urol 2017;71:405–14
Authors: Ye Lei, Serdar Yildiz, Minfeng Chen
Journal: European Urology (2017)
The Immunophenotype Signature CD49d+CD38+ Identifies Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cases with a Higher Potential for Migration Beneath Marrow Stromal Cells.
Authors: Antonina Kurtova, Mariela Sivina, Maite P. Quiroga, William G. Wierda, Michael J. Keating, Jan A. Burger
Journal: Blood (2009)
The origin of mitochondrial cristae from alphaproteobacteria
Authors: Sergio A. Muñoz-Gómez, Jeremy G. Wideman, Andrew J. Roger, Claudio H. Slamovits
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2016)

Mitochondria are the respiratory organelles of eukaryotes and their evolutionary history is deeply intertwined with that of eukaryotes. The compartmentalization of respiration in mitochondria occurs within cristae, whose evolutionary origin has remained unclear. Recent discoveries, however, have revived the old notion that mitochondrial cristae could have had a pre-endosymbiotic origin. Mitochondrial cristae are likely homologous to the intracytoplasmic membranes (ICMs) used by diverse alphaproteobacteria for harnessing energy. Because the Mitochondrial Contact site and Cristae Organizing System (MICOS) that controls the development of cristae evolved from a simplified version that is phylogenetically restricted to Alphaproteobacteria (alphaMICOS), ICMs most probably transformed into cristae during the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria. This inference is supported by the sequence and structural similarities between MICOS and alphaMICOS, and the expression pattern and cellular localization of alphaMICOS. Given that cristae and ICMs develop similarly, alphaMICOS likely functions analogously to mitochondrial MICOS by culminating ICM development with the creation of tubular connections and membrane contact sites at the alphaproteobacterial envelope. Mitochondria thus inherited a pre-existing ultrastructure adapted to efficient energy transduction from their alphaproteobacterial ancestors. The widespread nature of purple bacteria among alphaproteobacteria raises the possibility that cristae evolved from photosynthetic ICMs.
NEK2 Promotes Aerobic Glycolysis in Multiple Myeloma Through Regulating Splicing of Pyruvate Kinase
Authors: Zhimin Gu, Jiliang Xia, Hongwei Xu, Ivana Frech, Guido Tricot, Fenghuang Zhan
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2017)

Aerobic glycolysis, a hallmark of cancer, is characterized by increased metabolism of glucose and production of lactate in normaxia. Recently, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) has been identified as a key player for regulating aerobic glycolysis and promoting tumor cell proliferation and survival. Tandem affinity purification followed up by mass spectrometry (TAP-MS) and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) were used to study the interaction between NIMA (never in mitosis gene A)-related kinase 2 (NEK2) and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNP) A1/2. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) was performed to identify NEK2 binding to PKM pre-mRNA sequence. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR was performed to analyze a transcriptional regulation of NEK2 by c-Myc. Western blot and real-time PCR were executed to analyze the regulation of PKM2 by NEK2. NEK2 regulates the alternative splicing of PKM immature RNA in multiple myeloma cells by interacting with hnRNPA1/2. RIP shows that NEK2 binds to the intronic sequence flanking exon 9 of PKM pre-mRNA. Knockdown of NEK2 decreases the ratio of PKM2/PKM1 and also other aerobic glycolysis genes including GLUT4, HK2, ENO1, LDHA, and MCT4. Myeloma patients with high expression of NEK2 and PKM2 have lower event-free survival and overall survival. Our data indicate that NEK2 is transcriptionally regulated by c-Myc in myeloma cells. Ectopic expression of NEK2 partially rescues growth inhibition and cell death induced by silenced c-Myc. Our studies demonstrate that NEK2 promotes aerobic glycolysis through regulating splicing of PKM and increasing the PKM2/PKM1 ratio in myeloma cells which contributes to its oncogenic activity.
Preclinical Evaluation of the Proteasome Inhibitor MLN9708 (MLN2238) In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells
Authors: Aisha Masood, Kiersten M Miles, Nazmul H Khan, Drusilla Akhtar, Remi Adelaiye, Pooja Advani, Taimur Sher, Kasyapa Chitta, Asher A. Chanan-Khan
Journal: Blood (2010)
32nd Bethesda Conference: “care of the adult with congenital heart disease”11The recommendations set forth in this report are those of the Conference participants and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the American College of Cardiology. When citing this document, the American College of Cardiology would appreciate the following citation format: Care of the Adult With Congenital Heart Disease. Presented at the 32nd Bethesda Conference, Bethesda, Maryland, October 2–3, 2000. J …
Authors: Gary D Webb, Roberta G Williams
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Absence of the Rho GTPase Activating Protein p190-B Enhances Long Term Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engraftment
Authors: Haiming Xu, Hartmut Geiger, Kathleen Szczur, Deidra Deira, Yi Zheng, Jeffrey Settleman, Edward Srour, David A Williams, Marie-Dominique Filippi
Journal: Blood (2008)
ERG Deletions Define a Novel Subtype of B-Progenitor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Authors: Charles G. Mullighan, Christopher B. Miller, Xiaoping Su, Ina Radtke, James Dalton, Guanchung Song, Xiaodong Zhou, Ching-Hon Pui, Sheila A. Shurtleff, James R. Downing
Journal: Blood (2007)
Internet-based skin cancer screening using clinical images alone or in conjunction with dermoscopic images: A randomized teledermoscopy trial
Authors: Lara Ferrándiz, Teresa Ojeda-Vila, Araceli Corrales, Francisco J. Martín-Gutiérrez, Andrés Ruíz-de-Casas, Rafael Galdeano, Ignacio Álvarez-Torralba, Francisco Sánchez-Ibáñez, José M. Domínguez-Toro, Fernando Encina, Francisco J. Narbona, Juan M. Herrerías-Esteban, David Moreno-Ramírez
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2017)
Comprehensive Profiling of Micrornas in Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Lineages Using a Microfluidics Approach
Authors: Florian Kuchenbauer, Oleh I Petriv, Allen Delaney, David G Kent, Michael Heuser, Sarah M Mah, Michael R Copley, Jens Rüschmann, Frann Antignano, Etushi Kuroda, Victor Ho, Claudia Benz, Timotheus You Fu Halim, Vincenzo Giambra, Gerald Krystal, Connie J. Eaves, Fumio Takei, Andrew P. Weng, Marco Marra, Carl L Hansen, R. Keith Humphries
Journal: Blood (2008)
FISH and GEP Based Prediction of Chromosomal Translocation Identifies Myeloma Patients Who Do Not Benefit From Bortezomib
Authors: Erming Tian, Qing Zhang, Christoph Heuck, Shweta S. Chavan, Jeffrey Sawyer, Saad Z Usmani, Joshua Epstein, Bart Barlogie
Journal: Blood (2012)
AML Relapse after Rituximab Treatment for Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Crucial Role for B Cells in Graft-Versus-Host and Graft-Versus-Leukemia
Authors: Marijn Aletta Gillissen, Sophie E. Levie, Greta de Jong, Etsuko Yasuda, Arjen Q. Bakker, Pauline M. van Helden, Douglas M. Jefferson, Cynthia Huisman, Hergen Spits, Mette D. Hazenberg
Journal: Blood (2015)
MLAA-34: A New Leukemia-Associated Antigen for Immunotherapy Against Acute Monocytic Leukemia
Authors: Ju Bai, Aili He, Wanggang Zhang, Jianli Wang, Yun Yang, Pengyu Zhang, Liufang Gu, Jin Wang, Yang Zhang, Lei Zhang, Rui Shi, Xiaman Wang, Xiaoru Lei
Journal: Blood (2014)
How Do Dual Long-Acting Bronchodilators Prevent Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?
Authors: Kai M. Beeh, Pierre-Regis Burgel, Frits M. E. Franssen, Jose Luis Lopez-Campos, Stelios Loukides, John R. Hurst, Matjaž Fležar, Charlotte Suppli Ulrik, Fabiano Di Marco, Daiana Stolz, Arschang Valipour, Brian Casserly, Björn Ställberg, Konstantinos Kostikas, Jadwiga A. Wedzicha
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2017)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<Methodology Used in the D...Improvement in Static and...Reduction of Mucus Hypers...Symptom SeverityAntiinflammatory Properti...Potential Differences in ...LABA/LAMA versus Triple C...ConclusionsReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Irritability in Youths: A Translational Model
Authors: Melissa A. Brotman, Katharina Kircanski, Argyris Stringaris, Daniel S. Pine, Ellen Leibenluft
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2017)

Although irritability is among the most common reasons that children and adolescents are brought for psychiatric care, there are few effective treatments. Developmentally sensitive pathophysiological models are needed to guide treatment development. In this review, the authors present a mechanistic model of irritability that integrates clinical and translational neuroscience research. Two complementary conceptualizations of pathological irritability are proposed: 1) aberrant emotional and behavioral responding to frustrative nonreward, mediated by reward-system dysfunction; and 2) aberrant approach responding to threat, mediated by threat-system dysfunction. The authors review the pathophysiological literature, including animal studies, as well as experimental psychology and clinical studies. Data suggest that, relative to healthy children, irritable children have deficient reward learning and elevated sensitivity to reward receipt and omission. These deficits are associated with dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, and amygdala. Youths with irritability also show maladaptive orienting to, interpreting, and labeling of potential threats, associated with prefrontal cortical and amygdalar dysfunction. Abnormalities in reward and threat processing potentiate one another. Future work should test pathophysiological hypotheses and novel interventions targeting reward- and threat-related dysfunction to improve treatment for severe irritability in youths.
Retinoic Acid Syndrome in Patients with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Treated with All-Trans Retinoic Acid and Anthracycline Monochemotherapy.
Authors: Pau Montesinos, Juan Bergua, Guillermo Martin, Javier de la Serna, Edo Vellenga, Consuelo Rayon, Ricardo Parody, Jordi Esteve, Marcos Gonzalez, Jose Gonzalez, Miguel Sanz
Journal: Blood (2006)
Coronary Artery PET/MR Imaging
Authors: Philip M. Robson, Marc R. Dweck, Maria Giovanna Trivieri, Ronan Abgral, Nicolas A. Karakatsanis, Johanna Contreras, Umesh Gidwani, Jagat P. Narula, Valentin Fuster, Jason C. Kovacic, Zahi A. Fayad
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2017)
Enhancer Remodeling during Adaptive Bypass to MEK Inhibition Is Attenuated by Pharmacologic Targeting of the P-TEFb Complex
Authors: Jon S. Zawistowski, Samantha M. Bevill, Daniel R. Goulet, Timothy J. Stuhlmiller, Adriana S. Beltran, Jose F. Olivares-Quintero, Darshan Singh, Noah Sciaky, Joel S. Parker, Naim U. Rashid, Xin Chen, James S. Duncan, Martin C. Whittle, Steven P. Angus, Sara Hanna Velarde, Brian T. Golitz, Xiaping He, Charlene Santos, David B. Darr, Kristalyn Gallagher, Lee M. Graves, Charles M. Perou, Lisa A. Carey, H. Shelton Earp, Gary L. Johnson
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2017)

Targeting the dysregulated BRAF-MEK-ERK pathway in cancer has increasingly emerged in clinical trial design. Despite clinical responses in specific cancers using inhibitors targeting BRAF and MEK, resistance develops often involving nongenomic adaptive bypass mechanisms. Inhibition of MEK1/2 by trametinib in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) induced dramatic transcriptional responses, including upregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) comparing tumor samples before and after one week of treatment. In preclinical models, MEK inhibition induced genome-wide enhancer formation involving the seeding of BRD4, MED1, H3K27 acetylation, and p300 that drives transcriptional adaptation. Inhibition of the P-TEFb-associated proteins BRD4 and CBP/p300 arrested enhancer seeding and RTK upregulation. BRD4 bromodomain inhibitors overcame trametinib resistance, producing sustained growth inhibition in cells, xenografts, and syngeneic mouse TNBC models. Pharmacologic targeting of P-TEFb members in conjunction with MEK inhibition by trametinib is an effective strategy to durably inhibit epigenomic remodeling required for adaptive resistance.Significance: Widespread transcriptional adaptation to pharmacologic MEK inhibition was observed in TNBC patient tumors. In preclinical models, MEK inhibition induces dramatic genome-wide modulation of chromatin, in the form of de novo enhancer formation and enhancer remodeling. Pharmacologic targeting of P-TEFb complex members at enhancers is an effective strategy to durably inhibit such adaptation. Cancer Discov; 7(3); 302-21. ©2017 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 235.
Benzodiazepine use and risk of Alzheimers disease: case-control study
Authors: Sophie Billioti de Gage, Yola Moride, Thierry Ducruet
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Objectives To investigate the relation between the risk of Alzheimer�s disease and exposure to benzodiazepines started at least five years before, considering both the dose-response relation and prodromes (anxiety, depression, insomnia) possibly linked with treatment.

Design Case-control study.

Setting The Quebec health insurance program database (RAMQ).

Participants 1796 people with a first diagnosis of Alzheimer�s disease and followed up for at least six years before were matched with 7184 controls on sex, age group, and duration of follow-up. Both groups were randomly sampled from older people (age >66) living in the community in 2000-09.

Main outcome measure The association between Alzheimer�s disease and benzodiazepine use started at least five years before diagnosis was assessed by using multivariable conditional logistic regression. Ever exposure to benzodiazepines was first considered and then categorised according to the cumulative dose expressed as prescribed daily doses (1-90, 91-180, >180) and the drug elimination half life.

Results Benzodiazepine ever use was associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer�s disease (adjusted odds ratio 1.51, 95% confidence interval 1.36 to 1.69; further adjustment on anxiety, depression, and insomnia did not markedly alter this result: 1.43, 1.28 to 1.60). No association was found for a cumulative dose  180 prescribed daily doses) and with the drug half life (1.43 (1.27 to 1.61) for short acting drugs and 1.70 (1.46 to 1.98) for long acting ones).

Conclusion Benzodiazepine use is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer�s disease. The stronger association observed for long term exposures reinforces the suspicion of a possible direct association, even if benzodiazepine use might also be an early marker of a condition associated with an increased risk of dementia. Unwarranted long term use of these drugs should be considered as a public health concern.
Accuracy of Noncontrast Quiescent-Interval Single-Shot Lower Extremity MR Angiography Versus CT Angiography for Diagnosis of Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Akos Varga-Szemes, Julian L. Wichmann, U. Joseph Schoepf, Pal Suranyi, Carlo N. De Cecco, Giuseppe Muscogiuri, Damiano Caruso, Ricardo T. Yamada, Sheldon E. Litwin, Christian Tesche, Taylor M. Duguay, Shivraman Giri, Rozemarijn Vliegenthart, Thomas M. Todoran
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2017)