tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Caesarean section surgical techniques: 3 year follow-up of the CORONIS fractional, factorial, unmasked, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Peter Brocklehurst
Journal: The Lancet (2016)

The CORONIS trial reported differences in short-term maternal morbidity when comparing five pairs of alternative surgical techniques for caesarean section. Here we report outcomes at 3 years follow-up.The CORONIS trial was a pragmatic international 2 × 2 × 2 × 2× 2 non-regular fractional, factorial, unmasked, randomised controlled trial done at 19 sites in Argentina, Chile, Ghana, India, Kenya, Pakistan, and Sudan. Pregnant women were eligible if they were to undergo their first or second caesarean section through a planned transverse abdominal incision. Women were randomly assigned by a secure web-based allocation system to one intervention from each of the three assigned pairs. All investigators, surgeons, and participants were unmasked to treatment allocation. In this follow-up study, we compared outcomes at 3 years following blunt versus sharp abdominal entry, exteriorisation of the uterus for repair versus intra-abdominal repair, single versus double layer closure of the uterus, closure versus non-closure of the peritoneum, and chromic catgut versus polyglactin-910 for uterine repair. Outcomes included pelvic pain; deep dyspareunia; hysterectomy and outcomes of subsequent pregnancies. Outcomes were assessed masked to the original trial allocation. This trial is registered with the Current Controlled Trials registry, number ISRCTN31089967.Between Sept 1, 2011, and Sept 30, 2014, 13,153 (84%) women were followed-up for a mean duration of 3·8 years (SD 0·86). For blunt versus sharp abdominal entry there was no evidence of a difference in risk of abdominal hernias (adjusted RR 0·66; 95% CI 0·39-1·11). We also recorded no evidence of a difference in risk of death or serious morbidity of the children born at the time of trial entry (0·99, 0·83-1·17). For exteriorisation of the uterus versus intra-abdominal repair there was no evidence of a difference in risk of infertility (0·91, 0·71-1·18) or of ectopic pregnancy (0·50, 0·15-1·66). For single versus double layer closure of the uterus there was no evidence of a difference in maternal death (0·78, 0·46-1·32) or a composite of pregnancy complications (1·20, 0·75-1·90). For closure versus non-closure of the peritoneum there was no evidence of a difference in any outcomes relating to symptoms associated with pelvic adhesions such as infertility (0·80, 0·61-1·06). For chromic catgut versus polyglactin-910 sutures there was no evidence of a difference in the main comparisons for adverse pregnancy outcomes in a subsequent pregnancy, such as uterine rupture (3·05, 0·32-29·29). Overall, severe adverse outcomes were uncommon in these settings.Although our study was not powered to detect modest differences in rare but serious events, there was no evidence to favour one technique over another. Other considerations will probably affect clinical practice, such as the time and cost saving of different approaches.UK Medical Research Council and the Department for International Development.
Osteoporosis Overtreatment—A Clinical Problem That Needs to Be Discussed
Authors: Feng Xu, Ling-Qing Yuan
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Mortality due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Burden and Risk Factors
Authors: Sarah Geoghegan, Anabella Erviti, Mauricio T. Caballero, Fernando Vallone, Stella M. Zanone, Juan Ves Losada, Alejandra Bianchi, Patricio L. Acosta, Laura B. Talarico, Adrian Ferretti, Luciano Alva Grimaldi, Andrea Sancilio, Karina Dueñas, Gustavo Sastre, Andrea Rodriguez, Fernando Ferrero, Edgar Barboza, Guadalupe Fernández Gago, Celina Nocito, Edgardo Flamenco, Alberto Rodriguez Perez, Beatriz Rebec, F. Martin Ferolla, Romina Libster, Ruth A. Karron, Eduardo Bergel, Fernando P. Polack
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of hospitalization and an important cause of death in infants in the developing world. The relative contribution of social, biologic, and clinical risk factors to RSV mortality in low-income regions is unclear.To determine the burden and risk factors for mortality due to RSV in a low-income population of 84,840 infants.This was a prospective, population-based, cross-sectional, multicenter study conducted between 2011 and 2013. Hospitalizations and deaths due to severe lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) were recorded during the RSV season. All-cause hospital deaths and community deaths were monitored. Risk factors for respiratory failure (RF) and mortality due to RSV were assessed using a hierarchical, logistic regression model.A total of 2,588 (65.5%) infants with severe LRTI were infected with RSV. A total of 157 infants (148 postneonatal) experienced RF or died with RSV. RSV LRTI accounted for 57% fatal LRTI tested for the virus. A diagnosis of sepsis (odds ratio [OR], 17.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 13.14-21.16 for RF) (OR, 119.39; 95% CI, 50.98-273.34 for death) and pneumothorax (OR, 17.15; 95% CI, 13.07-21.01 for RF) (OR, 65.49; 95% CI, 28.90-139.17 for death) were the main determinants of poor outcomes.RSV was the most frequent cause of mortality in low-income postneonatal infants. RF and death due to RSV LRTI, almost exclusively associated with prematurity and cardiopulmonary diseases in industrialized countries, primarily affect term infants in a developing world environment. Poor outcomes at hospitals are frequent and associated with the cooccurrence of bacterial sepsis and clinically significant pneumothoraxes.
Ectopic Corticotropin-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Pancreas Treated With 177Lu DOTATATE Induction and Maintenance Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy
Authors: William Makis, Karey McCann, Terence A. Riauka, Alexander J.B. McEwan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 57-year-old woman diagnosed with ectopic Cushing syndrome was found to have a 111In-octreotide-avid corticotropin-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with liver metastases. She was treated with 4 induction and 4 maintenance cycles of 177Lu-DOTATATE, which normalized her serum corticotropin levels and dramatically reduced the size of the pancreatic primary and liver metastases.
Case 49-1973
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Charles B. Carpenter, Mark A. Weiss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Presentation of CaseA 27-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of mediastinal widening.He was well until nine months previously, when he began to experience fatigue, edema, anorexia and a frontal headache on awakening, with a gain of 11 kg in weight. There was no history of sore throat or other infection, although he had been treated six months earlier for a rash on the extensor surfaces of the arms. On examination the blood pressure was 170/120. There was periorbital and + + + peripheral edema. Dullness was heard at both lung bases, and the heart was slightly . . .
Case 51-1971
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. McNeely, Charles H. Weingarten, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 51-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal pain.Forty years previously she had been told by a physician that she had a "small valve in the heart," but she remained active thereafter. During the five years before admission she experienced moderate shortness of breath, dyspnea on exertion, three-pillow orthopnea and occasional ankle edema; she had no paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea or chest pain. One month before entry she was admitted to another hospital; physical examination revealed evidence of congestive heart failure, a pansystolic apical murmur and anemia; occult gastrointestinal bleeding was found, . . .
Mutagenicity and Pollutant Emission Factors of Solid-Fuel Cookstoves: Comparison with Other Combustion Sources
Authors: Esra Mutlu, Sarah H. Warren, Seth M. Ebersviller, Ingeborg M. Kooter, Judith E. Schmid, Janice A. Dye, William P. Linak, M. Ian Gilmour, James J. Jetter, Mark Higuchi, David M. DeMarini
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Emissions from solid fuels used for cooking cause ~4 million premature deaths per year. Advanced solid-fuel cookstoves are a potential solution, but they should be assessed by appropriate performance indicators, including biological effects.We evaluated two categories of solid-fuel cookstoves for eight pollutant and four mutagenicity emission factors, correlated the mutagenicity emission factors, and compared them to those of other combustion emissions.We burned red oak in a 3-stone fire (TSF), a natural-draft stove (NDS), and a forced-draft stove (FDS), and we combusted propane as a liquified petroleum gas control fuel. We determined emission factors based on useful energy (megajoules delivered, MJd) for carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (NOx), black carbon, methane, total hydrocarbons, 32 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PM2.5, levoglucosan (a wood-smoke marker), and mutagenicity in Salmonella.With the exception of NOx, the emission factors per MJd were highly correlated (r ≥ 0.97); the correlation for NOx with the other emission factors was 0.58-0.76. Excluding NOx, the NDS and FDS reduced the emission factors an average of 68 and 92%, respectively, relative to the TSF. Nevertheless, the mutagenicity emission factor based on fuel energy used (MJthermal) for the most efficient stove (FDS) was between those of a large diesel bus engine and a small diesel generator.Both mutagenicity and pollutant emission factors may be informative for characterizing cookstove performance. However, mutagenicity emission factors may be especially useful for characterizing potential health effects and should be evaluated in relation to health outcomes in future research. An FDS operated as intended by the manufacturer is safer than a TSF, but without adequate ventilation, it will still result in poor indoor air quality.Mutlu E, Warren SH, Ebersviller SM, Kooter IM, Schmid JE, Dye JA, Linak WP, Gilmour MI, Jetter JJ, Higuchi M, DeMarini DM. 2016. Mutagenicity and pollutant emission factors of solid-fuel cookstoves: comparison with other combustion sources. Environ Health Perspect 124:974-982; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509852.
Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their BM Stromal Microenvironment Share a Dynamic Inverse Metabolic State During Quiescence and Proliferation Via ROS Transfer Between The Two Populations
Authors: Karin Golan, Aya Ludin, Tomer Itkin, Shiri Cohen-Gur, Orit Kollet, Xin-Jiang Lu, Alexander Kalinkovich, Maria Maryanovich, Atan Gross, Tsvee Lapidot
Journal: Blood (2013)
Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity
Authors: David N Juurlink
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

to the editor: The medical mystery in the September 25 issue 1 involved a 48-year-old woman who had a 30-year history of dermatomyositis treated with prednisolone and who was admitted for depression and nausea. An abdominal radiograph was obtained. The diagnosis is calcinosis universalis, shown here by the ectopic calcification (Fig. 1B). This is a rare complication of dermatomyositis resulting from dystrophic calcification within the affected tissue. There was also skin pressure necrosis, as seen in Figure 1A.
Case 44-1973
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, William E. Strole, James J. Galdabini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Presentation of CaseA 28-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a question of liver disease.She was well until four years before admission, when abdominal cramps and diarrhea developed and subsided when ampicillin was given after four weeks of symptoms. One month later diarrhea recurred, and she was admitted to another hospital, where sigmoidoscopic examination revealed that the mucosa had a diffusely granular, erythematous, edematous, friable appearance, with scattered small ulcerations. A barium-enema examination showed absence of the haustral markings throughout the colon; the mucosal detail was obscured by retained fecal material, but no definite ulcerations were . . .
Neuropharmacological efficacy of the traditional Japanese Kampo medicine yokukansan and its active ingredients
Authors: Yasushi Ikarashi, Kazushige Mizoguchi
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2016)

Dementia is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with cognitive dysfunction, and is often complicated by behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) including excitement, aggression, and hallucinations. Typical and atypical antipsychotics are used for the treatment of BPSD, but induce adverse events. The traditional Japanese Kampo medicine yokukansan (YKS), which had been originated from the traditional Chinese medicine Yi-Gan-San, has been reported to improve BPSD without severe adverse effects. In the preclinical basic studies, there are over 70 research articles indicating the neuropharmacological efficacies of YKS. In this review, we first describe the neuropharmacological actions of YKS and its bioactive ingredients. Multiple potential actions for YKS were identified, which include effects on serotonergic, glutamatergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic, adrenergic, and GABAergic neurotransmissions as well as neuroprotection, anti-stress effect, promotion of neuroplasticity, and anti-inflammatory effect. Geissoschizine methyl ether (GM) in Uncaria hook and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) in Glycyrrhiza were responsible for several pharmacological actions of YKS. Subsequently, we describe the pharmacokinetics of GM and GA in rats. These ingredients were absorbed into the blood, crossed the blood–brain barrier, and reached the brain, in rats orally administered YKS. Moreover, autoradiography showed that [3H]GM predominantly distributed in the frontal cortex and [3H]GA in the hippocampus. Thus, YKS is a versatile herbal remedy with a variety of neuropharmacological effects, and may operate as a multicomponent drug including various active ingredients.
NUP98/NSD1 Translocation Further Risk-Stratifies Patients With FLT3/ITD In Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Report From Children’s Oncology Group and SWOG
Authors: Fabiana Ostronoff, Megan Othus, Robert B. Gerbing, Michael R. Loken, Susana C Raimondi, Betsy A. Hirsch, Beverly J. Lange, Stephen Petersdorf, Jerald Radich, Frederick R. Appelbaum, Alan S. Gamis, Todd A. Alonzo, Soheil Meshinchi
Journal: Blood (2013)
New SMAC-Mimetic Compounds Strongly Induce In Vitro Apoptosis of Human Lymphocytes From Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Francesco Onida, Cinzia Scavullo, Federica Servida, Giorgia Saporiti, Pierfausto Seneci, Gianluigi Reda, Wilma Barcellini, Agostino Cortelezzi, Domenico Delia, Giorgio Lambertenghi Deliliers
Journal: Blood (2010)
Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres and Loss of DAXX/ATRX Expression Predicts Metastatic Disease and Poor Survival in Patients with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Aatur D. Singhi, Ta-Chiang Liu, Justin L. Roncaioli, Dengfeng Cao, Herbert J. Zeh, Amer H. Zureikat, Allan Tsung, J. Wallis Marsh, Kenneth K. Lee, Melissa E. Hogg, Nathan Bahary, Randall E. Brand, Kevin M. McGrath, Adam Slivka, Kristi L. Cressman, Kimberly Fuhrer, Roderick J. O'Sullivan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with increasing incidence and unpredictable behavior. Whole-exome sequencing has identified recurrent mutations in the genes DAXX and ATRX, which correlate with loss of protein expression and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). Both ALT and DAXX/ATRX loss were initially reported to be associated with a favorable prognosis; however, recent studies suggest the contrary. Our aims were to assess the prevalence and prognostic significance of ALT and DAXX/ATRX in both primary and metastatic PanNETs.Telomere-specific FISH and DAXX/ATRX IHC was performed on a multi-institutional cohort of 321 patients with resected PanNET and 191 distant metastases from 52 patients. These results were correlated with clinicopathologic features, including disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS).The prevalence of ALT and DAXX/ATRX loss in resected PanNETs was 31% and 26%, respectively, and associated with larger tumor size, higher WHO grade, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis (P < 0.001). The 5-year DFS and 10-year DSS of patients with ALT-positive and DAXX/ATRX-negative PanNETs were 40% and 50%, respectively, as compared with 96% and 89%, respectively, for wild-type PanNETs. Among distant metastases, ALT and DAXX/ATRX loss was 67% and 52%, respectively, and only occurred in the setting of an ALT-positive and DAXX/ATRX-negative primary PanNET. By multivariate analysis, both ALT and DAXX/ATRX loss were negative, independent prognostic factors for DFS.ALT and DAXX/ATRX loss in PanNETs was associated with shorter DFS and DSS and likely plays a significant role in driving metastatic disease. Clin Cancer Res; 23(2); 600-9. ©2016 AACR.
Reappraisal of Hepatic Arterial Infusion in the Treatment of Nonresectable Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1996)

Metastases confined to the liver cause substantial morbidity and mortality for patients with colorectal cancer. The results of several randomized clinical trials conducted to study the effectiveness of hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of fluoropyrimidines for the treatment of such patients have suggested that this treatment, as compared with systemic administration of fluoropyrimidines, increases the likelihood of tumor response. However, the impact of HAI on survival is unclear. A meta-analysis was carried out to provide an objective and quantitative appraisal of the benefits of HAI in terms of tumor response rate and overall patient survival. The meta-analysis was based on individual data provided by the principal investigators of six individual trials and on summary data for one trial. Of the seven trials, five compared HAI with floxuridine (5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine; FUDR) and intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) with FUDR (three trials) or fluorouracil (5-FU) (two trials), and two compared HAI with FUDR and an ad libitum control group in which some patients could be left untreated. Response data were analyzed by use of a Mantel-Haenszel test on all randomized patients. Survival data were analyzed by the use of a stratified logrank test. Multivariate analyses were performed with the use of the logistic regression model for tumor response and the Cox regression model for survival. All P values resulted from two-sided statistical tests. The analyses were performed by an independent secretariat and were reviewed by the collaborators. The tumor response rate was 41% for patients allocated to HAI with FUDR (complete response [CR], 3%; partial response [PR], 38%) compared with 14% for patients allocated to IVC with FUDR or 5-FU (CR, 2%; PR, 12%). This difference was highly significant, with a response odds ratio of 0.25 (95% confidence interval = 0.16–0.40; P <10 −10 ). Survival analyses showed a statistically significant advantage for HAI with FUDR compared with control when all trials were taken into account ( P = .0009) but not when the survival analysis was restricted to trials comparing HAI with FUDR and IVC with FUDR or 5-FU ( P = .14). These results confirm that HAI can achieve much higher tumor response rates than systemic chemotherapy in patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer. The therapeutic benefit of use of HAI with FUDR in these patients should be judged together, with an overall evaluation of this therapy in terms of convenience, toxicity, and costs. These end points should be considered in addition to tumor response and survival in further trials involving HAI. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1996;88:252–8]
Fas-Independent Apoptosis of Activated T Cells Induced by Antibodies to the HLA Class I α1 Domain
Authors: Laurent Genestier, Romain Paillot, Nathalie Bonnefoy-Berard, Geneviéve Meffre, Monique Flacher, David Fèvre, Yong Jun Liu, Philippe Le Bouteiller, Herman Waldmann, Victor H. Engelhard, Jacques Banchereau, Jean Pierre Revillard
Journal: Blood (1997)
Are group-based and individual physiotherapy exercise programmes equally effective for musculoskeletal conditions? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mary O'Keeffe, Amy Hayes, Karen McCreesh, Helen Purtill, Kieran O'Sullivan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

Background Musculoskeletal pain is common and its treatment costly. Both group and individual physiotherapy interventions which incorporate exercise aim to reduce pain and disability. Do the additional time and costs of individual physiotherapy result in superior outcomes? Objective To compare the effectiveness of group and individual physiotherapy including exercise on musculoskeletal pain and disability. Methods Eleven electronic databases were searched by two independent reviewers. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) including participants with musculoskeletal conditions which compared group and individual physiotherapy interventions that incorporated exercise were eligible. Study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale by two independent reviewers, and treatment effects were compared by meta-analyses. Results Fourteen RCTs were eligible, including patients with low back pain (7 studies), neck pain (4), knee pain (2) and shoulder pain (1). We found no clinically significant differences in pain and disability between group and individual physiotherapy involving exercise. Conclusions Only small, clinically irrelevant differences in pain or disability outcomes were found between group and individual physiotherapy incorporating exercise. Since all but one study included other interventions together with exercise in either the group or individual arm, deciphering the unique effect of the way in which exercise is delivered is difficult. Group interventions may need to be considered more often, given their similar effectiveness and potentially lower healthcare costs.