tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Racial/ethnic identity and amount and type of psychiatric treatment
Authors: J H Flaskerud, L T Hu
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of racial/ethnic identity to the amount and type of psychiatric treatment received by white, black, Latino, and Asian patients in the Los Angeles County mental health system.The patients studied (N = 19,400) consisted of all adult inpatients and outpatients seen in all county mental health facilities between January 1983 and August 1988. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the relationship between race/ethnicity and four measures of treatment received: number of treatment sessions, treatment modality, treatment setting, and therapist's discipline. The covariates included in the analyses were age, sex, socioeconomic status, primary language, diagnosis, and measures of treatment when these were logical predictors and were not acting as dependent variables.Race/ethnicity did not have a consistent significant relationship to the treatment variables studied. However, diagnosis had a consistent and highly significant relationship to all four measures of treatment. A psychotic diagnosis was related to receiving more treatment sessions, greater use of medication, greater use of inpatient treatment, and less treatment by a professional therapist. Socioeconomic status and primary language also had consistent and significant relationships to three of the treatment variables.In considering modifications to the service delivery system, clinicians must evaluate whether the type of treatment provided to psychotic patients is the treatment of choice in terms of effectiveness and efficiency or whether it involves bias in service delivery. Similarly, the issue of bias in treatment of lower socioeconomic patients must be addressed.
The hidden treasures of the primary tumor: Extended neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus GM-CSF in locally advanced cancer
Authors: H. M. Pinedo, J. Buter
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2000)

Patients with locally advanced cancers have a poor prognosis when treated by surgery and/or radiotherapy. In 1989 we selected locally-advanced breast cancer (LABC) as a model for a new multidisciplinary approach of advanced tumors and aimed to study immunological and anti-angiogenic aspects during treatment. Usually two to four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) prior to local therapy improves survival in patients with LABC. Prolonged NCT keeping the primary tumor and axillary lymph nodes in situ and/or prolonged administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was intended to further improve survival. Patients were enrolled between 1990 and 1995. Recently we reported on 42 patients with LABC stage III, treated with doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and GM-CSF at a three-week interval followed by mastectomy and radiotherapy. Gradually, the duration of NCT was increased from four to six cycles. Of the 42 patients, five patients received four cycles, 13 patients received five cycles, and 24 patients received six cycles. This is our first report with a median follow-up of five years (range 10-111 months). The clinical response rate was 98% and the complete response rate 50%. Although the response rate was independent of the number of cycles, the disease free and overall survival appeared to improve with increasing numbers of cycles, to 66% (p=0.0000) and 79% (p=0.0016), respectively, at five years for six cycles. No patient showed progressive disease during NCT. We are presently investigating whether NCT-induced tumor antigens are being processed by GM-CSF stimulated dendritic cells (DCs) and whether cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are triggered. The percentage of DCs (S100+ cells) in axillary lymph nodes increased significantly after NCT (0.5% before NCT; 8.9% after NCT; p=0.018). Improvement of disease free survival is observed in patients with a high number (>8%) of axillary lymph node DCs (p=0.02). NCT and GM-CSF effects on macrophages and angiogenic factors inhibiting DC functions are also studied. In conclusion, extended NCT plus GM-CSF has produced exciting results in the LABC model, both clinically and immunologically, and is now being investigated in a randomized trial (Spinoza trial) in breast cancer and other locally advanced cancers.
Exclusive Breastfeeding and Cognition, Executive Function, and Behavioural Disorders in Primary School-Aged Children in Rural South Africa: A Cohort Analysis
Authors: Tamsen J. Rochat, Brian Houle, Alan Stein, Hoosen Coovadia, Anna Coutsoudis, Chris Desmond, Marie-Louise Newell, Ruth M. Bland
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2016)

Background Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is associated with early child health; its longer-term benefits for child development remain inconclusive. We examine the associations between EBF, HIV exposure, and other maternal/child factors and the cognitive and emotional-behavioural development of children aged 7–11 y. Methods and Findings The Vertical Transmission Study (VTS) supported EBF in HIV-positive and HIV-negative women; between 2012 and 2014, HIV-negative VTS children (332 HIV exposed, 574 HIV unexposed) were assessed in terms of cognition (Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition [KABC-II]), executive function (Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment Second Edition [NEPSY-II]), and emotional-behavioural functioning (parent-reported Child Behaviour Checklist, [CBCL]). We developed population means by combining the VTS sample with 629 same-aged HIV-negative children from the local demographic platform. For each outcome, we split the VTS sample into scores above or at/below each population mean and modelled each outcome using logistic regression analyses, overall and stratified by child sex. There was no demonstrated effect of EBF on overall cognitive functioning. EBF was associated with fewer conduct disorders overall (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.44 [95% CI 0.3–0.7], p ≤ 0.01), and there was weak evidence of better cognition in boys who had been exclusively breastfed for 2–5 mo versus ≤1 mo (Learning subscale aOR 2.07 [95% CI 1.0–4.3], p = 0.05). Other factors associated with better child cognition were higher maternal cognitive ability (aOR 1.43 [95% CI 1.1–1.9], p = 0.02, Sequential; aOR 1.74 [95% CI 1.3–2.4], p < 0.001, Planning subscales) and crèche attendance (aOR 1.96 [95% CI 1.1–3.5], p = 0.02, Sequential subscale). Factors positively associated with executive function were home stimulation (aOR 1.36 [95% CI 1.0–1.8], p = 0.04, Auditory Attention; aOR 1.35 [95% CI 1.0–1.8], p = 0.05, Response Set) and crèche (aOR 1.74 [95% CI 1.0–3.0], p = 0.05, Animal Sorting). Maternal mental health problems and parenting stress were associated with increased emotional-behavioural problems on the total CBCL (aOR 2.44 [95% CI 1.3–4.6], p = 0.01; aOR 7.04 [95% CI 4.2–11.9], p < 0.001, respectively). Maternal HIV status was not associated with any outcomes in the overall cohort. Limitations include the nonrandomised study design and lack of maternal mental health assessment at the child's birth. Conclusions EBF was associated with fewer than average conduct disorders and weakly associated with improved cognitive development in boys. Efforts to improve stimulation at home, reduce maternal stress, and enable crèche attendance are likely to improve executive function and emotional-behavioural development of children.
PWE-304 How accurate is pre-operative staging of the pelvic lymph nodes by MRI and ct in rectal cancers requiring abdomino-perineal resection: Abstract PWE-304 Table 1
Authors: CA Carden, SR Knight, D Ziyaie, KL Campbell
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> MRI has proven extremely useful in pre-operative staging of rectal cancer. It has replaced CT scanning in assessment of the pelvis to become the current basis for Multi-Disciplinary Team discussion and decision making in relation to neoadjuvant therapy. However, recent studies correlating MRI and histopathology results for all rectal cancers have found a poorer performance for MRI in low rectal cancers. This study aimed to assess and compare the performance of CT and MRI scanning in assessing lymph node positivity in rectal cancers requiring abdomino-perineal excision of rectum (APER). <h3>Method</h3> All patients who underwent APER operations for rectal cancer in one NHS trust between Jan 2004 and Nov 2014 were identified from a pathology database. This covered the period in which MRI gradually replaced CT scanning in staging the pelvis. Exclusion criteria were benign disease, cancers other than adenocarcinoma and absence of CT or MRI scan preoperatively or where lymph node status was not reported. Pathological TNM staging was used to assess regional lymph node (LN) involvement. These findings were compared with those reported on CT and/or MRI scan. <h3>Results</h3> 150 patients fulfilled the criteria. 132 patients had pre-operative CT scan assessment of lymph node status. 58 patients had pre-operative MRI scan assessment. 48 patients had both a CT and an MRI scan pre-operatively. Table 1shows the comparison of reported lymph node stage by histopathological assessment of the specimen and CT/MRI. In terms of identifying LN positivity, CT achieved a sensitivity of 39% with a specificity of 78% while MRI achieved a sensitivity of 71% with a specificity of 35%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The specificity of MRI in this cohort of patients undergoing APER suggests that decisions based on LN positivity will risk significant overtreatment. Although CT was considerably less sensitive it was more specific. As MRI was gradually replacing CT, data were available for comparison but not from identical time periods. There were also a number of radiologists involved in reporting both the CT and MRI scans. However, these data do suggest that in routine practice, pre-operative imaging of low rectal cancer by CT will under-estimate LN involvement while reliance on MRI will over-estimate LN involvement. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Abstract 4889: Long-term Changes Of Left Ventricular (lv) Structure And Function After Adrenalectomy Or Medical Treatment For Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Gian Paolo Rossi, Maurizio Cesari, Maria Teresa Seccia, Gisella Pitter, Achille Cesare Pessina
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Objectives: to evaluate the structural and functional LV outcome of surgically or medically treated patients with documented primary aldosteronism (PA). Methods: after a cross-sectional Doppler echocardiography assessment of LV wall thickness and dimensions and transmitral LV filling flow velocity indexes, 55 PA patients entered a prospective follow-up study lasting 6.4 years (range: 4.5 to 8 years) after adrenalectomy (n=41) or medical treatment (n=14). The diagnosis of aldosterone producing adenoma (APA) and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) was based on adrenal vein sampling, pathology, and on follow-up data. Results: by the PAPY Study criteria 47 patients had APA and 8 IHA. Excess LV hypertrophy (LVH) and concentric remodelling rate was observed at baseline in both groups; atrial contribution to LF filling (ACLVF) was higher in the 14 (6 APA and 8 IHA) medically treated than in the 41 adrenalectomized patients. At follow-up blood pressure (p&lt;0.001) and the rate of LVH decreased (p&lt;0.001): LV mass index (MI) fell (from 115±22 to 106±18 in adrenalectomized patients and from, 118±26 to 103±21 in medically treated patients). This LVMI reduction and an increase of relative wall thickness (from 0.43±0.07 to 0.46±0.06 in adrenalectomized patients and from 0.41±0.06 to 0.45±0.05 in medically treated patients) attained statistical significance only in the former. By contrast, the reduction of ACLVF was significant only in the latter (p=0.002), thus indicating a normalization of the LV diastolic filling indexes (but only in the medically-treated patients which showed an impaired diastolic function at baseline). Conclusion: 1) Both treatments reduce BP, LV mass index and the prevalence of LVH; 2) With a similar fall of blood pressure and despite a greater reduction of antihypertensive drugs, these changes were more prominent in adrenalectomized patients; 3) An improvement of LV diastolic filling occurs also in the medically-treated PA patients when it is altered at baseline.
<i>PAX3/7-FOXO1</i> fusions by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using an adult rhabdomyosarcoma tissue microarray.
Authors: S. N. Dumont, A. J. Lazar, J. A. Bridge, J. C. Trent
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

10066 Background: Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) are rare, heterogeneous, small cell sarcomas. While RMS is a common type of childhood malignancy, few large studies focus on molecular cytogenetics of adult RMS. In pediatric alveolar RMS, patients with PAX3-FOXO1 gene fusion have an inferior prognosis, as compared to those patients whose tumor expresses the PAX7-FOXO1 fusion. We studied a large panel of adult RMS patients to determine whether the PAX3/7-FOXO1 fusions could be detected and whether there was any prognostic significance. Methods: From a database of 251 RMS patients followed at UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (1957-2001), 105 tissue samples were available for a histological, immunohistochemical and clinical evaluation. These samples were formatted into a tissue microarray (TMA) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using break-apart probes for PAX3, PAX7 and FOXO1 was employed. The results were correlated with patient outcome using the log-rank test via Prism software. Results: Of the 104 samples analyzed, FISH was evaluable in 53 cases. The PAX3-FOXO1 fusion was found in 28%, PAX7-FOXO1 in 8%, and no fusion in 64% of these cases. Among the histologically defined alveolar RMS specimens, 11 (55%) had a fusion, mostly PAX3-FOXO1 (8). No fusion was detected in the pleomorphic subtype. The PAX3/7-FOXO1 translocation was detected in 8 adult, histologically defined embryonal RMS cases. Fusion status did not correlate with survival (PAX3-FOXO1: 26 months vs. PAX7-FOXO1: 28 months, p= 0.70). However, patients with metastatic disease were found to have a difference favoring better outcomes for those with translocation involving PAX3 (PAX3-FOXO1: 24 months vs. PAX7-FOXO1: 16 months, p= 0.48) that did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: It is possible to detect PAX3/7-FOXO1 fusion by FISH analysis in a RMS TMA. The failure rate of hybridization (36%) is likely multifactorial but partly due to the fact that these specimens were older than 2 years of age, that should be considered. Additional studies are required to determine the role of PAX3/7-FOXO1 fusions for adult patients and the optimal detection method requested. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Pneumonitis related to treatment with paclitaxel.
Authors: H L Goldberg, S B Vannice
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1995.13.2.534 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 7844618 Pneumonitis related to treatment with paclitaxel. H L GoldbergxH L GoldbergSearch for articles by this author , S B VannicexS B VanniceSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1995.13.2.534 PDF "Pneumonitis related to treatment with paclitaxel.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 13(2), pp. 534–535© 1995 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Incidence of activated protein C resistance caused by the ARG 506 GLN mutation in factor V in 113 unrelated symptomatic protein C-deficient patients. The French Network on the behalf of INSERM
Authors: S Gandrille, JS Greengard, M Alhenc-Gelas, I Juhan-Vague, JF Abgrall, B Jude, JH Griffin, M Aiach
Journal: Blood (1995)
Abstract 13344: Variable Factors Influence Restenosis Following Endovascular Therapy in the Superficial Femoral Artery: Comparison Between TASC II A-C and D lesions
Authors: Daigo Kanamori, Osamu Iida, Masashi Fujita, Tetsuya Watanabe, Masaki Awata, Shin Okamoto, Takayuki Ishihara, Yukika Mizukami, Kiyonori Nanto, Takuma Iida, Tatsuya Shiraki, Takashi Kanda, Keisuke Okuno, Akihiro Sunaga, Takuya Tsujimura, Yoshimitsu Soga, Kenji Suzuki, Keisuke Hirano, Shinsuke Nanto, Masaaki Uematsu
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Endovascular therapy (EVT) by nitinol stenting is widely performed for femoropopliteal (FP) lesions in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). The latest European Society of Card...
Cardiac Amyloid Load
Authors: Arnt V. Kristen, Eva Brokbals, Fabian aus dem Siepen, Ralf Bauer, Selina Hein, Matthias Aurich, Johannes Riffel, Hans-Michael Behrens, Sandra Krüger, Peter Schirmacher, Hugo A. Katus, Christoph Röcken
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
US Dietary Recommendations
Authors: Niels Graudal
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cricopharyngeal Achalasia
Authors: H T THOMPSON
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 419: Stim1 is Associated With Calcium Microdomains That are Required for Myofilament Remodeling and Signaling During Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Cory Parks, Ryan D Sullivan, Salvatore Mancarella
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Stromal Interaction Protein 1 (STIM1) is the intracellular component of the store operated calcium channels. It is a ubiquitous Ca2+ sensor, prevalently located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In non-excitable cells, STIM1 is a key element in the generation of Ca2+signals that lead to gene expression and cell proliferation. A growing body of literature now suggests that STIM1 is important for normal heart function and plays a key role in the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. However, the precise mechanisms involving STIM1 and the Ca2+ signaling in excitable cells are not clearly established. We show that in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, the spatial properties of STIM1-dependent Ca2+ signals determine restricted Ca2+ microdomains that regulate myofilaments remodeling and spatially segregated activation of pro-hypertrophic factors. Indeed, in vivo data obtained from an inducible cardiac restricted STIM1 knockout mouse, exhibited left ventricular dilatation associated with reduced cardiac contractility, which was corroborated by impaired single cell contractility. Furthermore, mice lacking STIM1 showed less adverse structural remodeling in response to pathological pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy (transverse aortic constriction, TAC). We further show that the Ca2+ pool associated with STIM1 is the ON switch for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2)-mediated cytoplasm to nucleus signaling. These results highlight how STIM1-dependent Ca2+ microdomains have a major impact on intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, cytoskeletal remodeling, signaling and cardiac function, even when excitation-contraction coupling is present.
Prevention of respiratory complications after abdominal surgery: a randomised clinical trial: Commentary.
Authors: S J W Evans
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Objective-To evaluate the prevention of respiratory complications after abdominal surgery by a comparison of a global policy of incentive spirometry with a regimen consisting of deep breathing exercises for low risk patients and incentive spirometry plus physiotherapy for high risk patients. Design-Stratified randomised trial. Setting-General surgical service of an urban teaching hospital. Patients-456 patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Patients less than 60 years of age with an American Society of Anesthesia classification of 1 were considered to be at low risk. Outcome measures-Respiratory complications were defined as clinical features consistent with collapse or consolidation, a temperature above 38°C, plus either confirmatory chest radiology or positive results on sputum microbiology. We also recorded the time that staff devoted to prophylactic respiratory therapy. Results-There was good baseline equivalence between the groups. The incidence of respiratory complications was 15% (35/231) for patients in the incentive spirometry group and 12% (28/225) for patients in the mixed therapy group (P=0.40 ; 95% confidence interval -3.6% to 9.0%). It required similar amounts of staff time to provide incentive spirometry and deep breathing exercises for low risk patients. The inclusion of physiotherapy for high risk patients, however, resulted in the utilisation of an extra 30 minutes of staff time per patient. Conclusions-When the use of resources is taken into account, the most efficient regimen of prophylaxis against respiratory complications after abdominal surgery is deep breathing exercises for low risk patients and incentive spirometry for high risk patients.
A Prospective Blinded Evaluation of Urine-DNA Testing for Detection of Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma in Patients with Gross Hematuria
Authors: Christina M. Dahmcke, Kenneth E. Steven, Louise K. Larsen, Asger L. Poulsen, Ahmad Abdul-Al, Christina Dahl, Per Guldberg
Journal: European Urology (2016)