tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Activated T Lymphocytes in the Peripheral Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: David A. Hafler, David A. Fox, Mary Elizabeth Manning, Stuart F. Schlossman, Ellis L. Reinherz, Howard L. Weiner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

We found an increase in peripheral-blood lymphocytes bearing the T-cell-specific activation antigen Ta1 in 20 of 35 patients with progressive multiple sclerosis, 4 of 18 patients with stable or improving multiple sclerosis, 1 of 17 patients with other neurologic diseases, and 1 of 14 normal controls (P less than 0.0002, Fisher's exact test). No increases in two other markers of T-cell activation, T113 and the interleukin-2 receptor, were found. In the cerebrospinal fluid, patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (pleocytosis, 3.9 +/- 1.6 cells per cubic millimeter) had 42 +/- 3.0 per cent Ta1+ cells. In contrast, patients with other inflammatory central nervous system diseases (36 +/- 13 cells per cubic millimeter) had 9.6 +/- 1.8 per cent Ta1+ cells (P less than 0.01). In patients with other neurologic diseases without inflammation (0.7 +/- 0.16 cells per cubic millimeter), the percentage of Ta1+ cells was equivalent to that in patients with multiple sclerosis (39 +/- 5.4 per cent), although the absolute number was lower. There was a positive correlation between the presence of Ta1+ cells in the spinal fluid and blood of patients with other neurologic diseases, but not patients with multiple sclerosis. Less than 1 per cent of lymphocytes from the spinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis expressed interleukin-2 receptors, as compared with 9.8 per cent of cells from subjects with other inflammatory neurologic diseases (P less than 0.01). These results suggest that the T cells in the spinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis may be activated by a different mechanism or in a different temporal sequence from that in patients with other nervous system diseases. Furthermore, the increase in Ta1+ cells in the peripheral blood of patients with multiple sclerosis demonstrates systemic immune activation in the disease; monitoring such cells may provide an objective measure of abnormal immunologic activity.
SP0080 Characteristics of Effective Treatments and Effective Treatment Environments
Authors: K.E. Vowles
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3></h3> Psychosocial treatments for chronic pain have amassed an impressive and progressive record of success. Nonetheless, recent years have identified a number of challenges, including the difficulties in maintaining clinical effectiveness from clinical trials into large scale implementation efforts, unclear identification of specific intervention components that are clearly linked to improving adaptive outcomes, and lack of clarity with regard to the necessary and active ingredients of effective treatment. Overall, these problems highlight the difficulty of translating research into practice. They also help illuminate several potential avenues for improvement. This presentation will briefly review these areas of difficulty and highlight specific data which suggests methods to achieve progress. Particular emphasis will be placed on three distinct areas: (1) the importance and qualities of an effective patient-provider relationship, (2) the need for clear specification of mechanisms by which treatment is hypothesized to work followed by specific tests of the specified hypotheses, and (3) the key influence of therapist behaviors in the determination of treatment success or failure. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.6179
P154 The patients' experience of NIV. A phenomenological study
Authors: H. Matthews
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> The Evidence that NIV is an effective treatment for patients with COPD who present in Acute Type 2 Respiratory Failure is well documented. Yet despite NIV being considered the gold standard for treating patients with this life threatening condition, no published research could be found on how individuals experienced NIV in the acute setting. The Respiratory Team has led the NIV service for the last 7 years and our knowledge has grown with every patient we have treated with NIV. However during the follow-up of patients who had undergone NIV it became apparent that some of them had strange tales to tell. They told of dreams and images that they associated with their episode on NIV. Some refused having NIV again due to their dislike of the treatment. This was not something which had been discussed whilst in hospital and warranted investigation. <h3>The Study</h3> This phenomenological study aimed to explore the experiences of 8 patients with COPD who underwent NIV for Acute Type 2 RF. To gain access to the rich data, in-depth unstructured interviews were conducted. The data were analysed using a framework by Deikelman. <h3>The Outcomes</h3> Some themes which emerged from the data were expected however, the main theme of delirium was not. This unpredicted finding raised issues about mental capacity and decision making. This new understanding of delirium and its possible consequences has far reaching implications for how we care for this vulnerable group especially when it comes to nursing them on ward areas rather than the HDU setting. The findings from this study have proved fascinating and set the scene for further exploration.
Indications for Computed Tomography in Patients with Minor Head Injury
Authors: Micelle J. Haydel, Charles A. Preston, Trevor J. Mills, Samuel Luber, Erick Blaudeau, Peter M.C. DeBlieux
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Computed tomography (CT) is widely used as a screening test in patients with minor head injury, although the results are often normal. We performed a study to develop and validate a set of clinical criteria that could be used to identify patients with minor head injury who do not need to undergo CT.In the first phase of the study, we recorded clinical findings in 520 consecutive patients with minor head injury who had a normal score on the Glasgow Coma Scale and normal findings on a brief neurologic examination; the patients then underwent CT. Using recursive partitioning, we derived a set of criteria to identify all patients who had abnormalities on CT scanning. In the second phase, the sensitivity and specificity of the criteria for predicting a positive scan were evaluated in a group of 909 patients.Of the 520 patients in the first phase, 36 (6.9 percent) had positive scans. All patients with positive CT scans had one or more of seven findings: headache, vomiting, an age over 60 years, drug or alcohol intoxication, deficits in short-term memory, physical evidence of trauma above the clavicles, and seizure. Among the 909 patients in the second phase, 57 (6.3 percent) had positive scans. In this group of patients, the sensitivity of the seven findings combined was 100 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 95 to 100 percent). All patients with positive CT scans had at least one of the findings.For the evaluation of patients with minor head injury, the use of CT can be safely limited to those who have certain clinical findings.
Abstract 5487: Investigating human herpesvirus 8 infection among adults in Uganda: A factor analysis approach
Authors: Joanne T. Chang, Fatma M. Shebl, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, Barry I. Graubard, Benon Biryahwaho, Sheila C. Dollard, Sam M. Mbulaiteye
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Objective: Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is highly prevalent in Uganda, and it is a necessary agent for Kaposi Sarcoma (KS). During the AIDS era, KS became epidemic. There is some evidence but limited information on sexual transmission, and prevalence varies by age, sex and region. However, current knowledge about HHV8 is based on selected populations including hospital-based samples and high-risk cohort groups, which may be biased. Methods: We analyzed a subset of the Uganda HIV/AIDS serobehavioral survey (UHSBS) 04/05 to estimate the association with risk factors and HHV8 seropositivity. HHV8 seropositivity was determined using HHV8 K8.1 and orf65 glycoproteins. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined and components were obtained by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results: Among 2,681 individuals tested, HHV8 seropositivity was 55.4% (95% CI, 53.0%-57.8%). Three components were identified by PCA: sexual behavioral, socioeconomic, and cultural components. In bivariate analysis, HHV8 seropositivity was positively associated with sexual behavioral (ORquartile2=1.39, ORquartile3=1.37, ORquartile4=1.27, and Ptrend=0.1085) and cultural components (ORquartile2=1.29, ORquartile3=1.39, ORquartile4=1.59, and Ptrend=0.0024), but inversely associated with socioeconomic component (ORquartile2=0.77, ORquartile3=0.65, ORquartile4=0.59, and Ptrend&amp;lt;0.0001). Multivariable analysis showed that HHV8 seropositivity was strongly associated with the socioeconomic component but not the other when adjusted by age, sex and region (Ptrend=0.0137). Conclusions: HHV8 infection in Uganda adults was strongly associated with lower socioeconomic status with age, sex and region adjusted but weakly associated with sexual behavioral and cultural characteristics. Lower socioeconomic class can be an indicator of having less education, poorer nutrition, and worse sanitation, which might enhance HHV8 transmission. As socioeconomic status improves over time, HHV8 seroprevalence might decline in this population. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5487. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5487
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor NVP-BGJ398 functionally improves FGFR3-related dwarfism in mouse model
Authors: Davide Komla-Ebri, Emilie Dambroise, Ina Kramer, Catherine Benoist-Lasselin, Nabil Kaci, Cindy Le Gall, Ludovic Martin, Patricia Busca, Florent Barbault, Diana Graus-Porta, Arnold Munnich, Michaela Kneissel, Federico Di Rocco, Martin Biosse-Duplan, Laurence Legeai-Mallet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

Achondroplasia (ACH) is the most frequent form of dwarfism and is caused by gain-of-function mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3-encoding (FGFR3-encoding) gene. Although potential therapeutic strategies for ACH, which aim to reduce excessive FGFR3 activation, have emerged over many years, the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) to counteract FGFR3 hyperactivity has yet to be evaluated. Here, we have reported that the pan-FGFR TKI, NVP-BGJ398, reduces FGFR3 phosphorylation and corrects the abnormal femoral growth plate and calvaria in organ cultures from embryos of the Fgfr3Y367C/+ mouse model of ACH. Moreover, we demonstrated that a low dose of NVP-BGJ398, injected subcutaneously, was able to penetrate into the growth plate of Fgfr3Y367C/+ mice and modify its organization. Improvements to the axial and appendicular skeletons were noticeable after 10 days of treatment and were more extensive after 15 days of treatment that started from postnatal day 1. Low-dose NVP-BGJ398 treatment reduced intervertebral disc defects of lumbar vertebrae, loss of synchondroses, and foramen-magnum shape anomalies. NVP-BGJ398 inhibited FGFR3 downstream signaling pathways, including MAPK, SOX9, STAT1, and PLCγ, in the growth plates of Fgfr3Y367C/+ mice and in cultured chondrocyte models of ACH. Together, our data demonstrate that NVP-BGJ398 corrects pathological hallmarks of ACH and support TKIs as a potential therapeutic approach for ACH.
Back to the future of screening colonoscopy
Authors: C. Kahi, D. Rex
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

It is difficult not to appreciate the intrinsic qualities of colonoscopy as a screening modality for colorectal cancer (CRC). As a structural test, it allows direct visualization of the entire colon, it targets and allows removal of precancerous polyps, it can detect CRC at early and curable stages, it can risk-stratify patients and help determine appropriate surveillance intervals according to baseline colonoscopic findings, and it represents the final common pathway for all other screening options, including fecal tests and computed tomographic colonography. Given these considerations and other advantages including comfort with adequate sedation and relatively infrequent surveillance requirements, it is not a major surprise that colonoscopy has become the dominant modality for CRC screening in the United States, carried by a wave of public and media support, and endorsed by professional societies and policy makers.
Vitamin A Transport in Human Vitamin A Toxicity
Authors: Frank Rees Smith, DeWitt S. Goodman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The plasma retinol transport system was studied in three patients with chronic hypervitaminosis A. The toxic state in each was associated with increased plasma concentrations of total vitamin A, and particularly of retinyl esters. The concentrations of plasma retinol-binding protein and prealbumin were, in contrast, normal, and there was a molar excess of total vitamin A in relation to retinol-binding protein. These limited clinical data support conclusions from detailed studies with hypervitaminotic rats, which suggest that vitamin A toxicity occurs when excessive amounts of vitamin A are presented to cell membranes in association with plasma lipoproteins, rather than specifically bound to retinol-binding protein. Retinol-binding protein may not only regulate the supply of retinol to tissues but also protect tissues from the surface-active properties of the vitamin. (N Engl J Med 294:805–808, 1976)
Massive Pulmonary Embolism Presenting as Complete Unilateral Absence of Lung Perfusion on Pulmonary Scintigraphy
Authors: NIR HOD, AMIR PEER, LILIA MINDLIN, YORAM RAMOT, AMIT VAZINA, TIFHA HORNE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

HOD, NIR M.D.; PEER, AMIR M.D.; MINDLIN, LILIA M.D.; RAMOT, YORAM M.D.; VAZINA, AMIT M.D.; HORNE, TIFHA M.D. Author Information
671 CLINICAL FEATURES OF NON ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH)-RELATED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) IN ITALY: A MULTICENTER PROSPECTIVE SURVEY
Authors: A. Rossini, R. Sacco, F. Fornari, I. De Sio, G. Spinzi, G. Francica, G. Parisi, A. Salmi, E. Dionigi, F. Farinati, M. Di Fonzo, M. Salvagnini, S. Vicari, M. Borzio
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
A7.21 The effect of extracellular vesicles on human<i>in vitro</i>osteoclastogenesis
Authors: N Marton, OT Kovács, E Baricza, D Győri, A Mócsai, F Meier, C Goodyear, I McInnes, E Buzás, Gy Nagy
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Extracellular vesicles (EV) are subcellular sized intercellular messengers, which are present in various biological fluids. EVs carry a wide variety of biomolecules and they may alter the recipient cells' functions. The microvesicles are plasma membrane derived EVs; the exosomes, the smallest vesicles, originate from the endosome. Our objectives were to investigate the effect of EVs on the human <i>in vitro</i> osteoclastogenesis, and to characterise the serum EV profile of healthy donors, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Blood samples of healthy volunteers, RA patients and PsA patients with peripheral arthritis were collected into acid citrate dextrose vacutainer tubes. EVs were isolated by filtration and centrifugation. EV samples were stained with fluorescent anti-CD3, CD14, CD15, CD19, CD42b, CD235a antibodies <i>(BioLegend)</i> and detected by flow cytometry. CD14<sup>+</sup> cells were extracted from PBMCs by using positive selection method <i>(StemCell),</i> and the cells were stimulated with 50 ng/ml recombinant human M-CSF for 24 hrs <i>(PeproTech).</i> Then the samples were treated with 50–50 ng/ml recombinant human M-CSF and RANKL <i>(PeproTech) </i>and with or without blood derived microvesicles or exosomes. After 7 days, the cells were fixed and stained for tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) using a commercially available kit <i>(Sigma)</i>. TRAP-positive cells with at least 3 nuclei were considered as osteoclasts and counted by using the ImageJ software. <h3>Results</h3> RA and PsA EV samples showed increased expression of lymphocyte markers (CD3, CD19) compared to healthy donor-derived EVs (n = 6). Microvesicles did not alter the number of mature osteoclasts. By contrast, exosomes significantly (p &lt; 0.01) inhibited the osteoclast differentiation of the healthy (n = 10) and RA (n = 10) donor-derived monocytes, but not that of the PsA patients' monocytes (n = 7). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our present data suggest that the plasma profile of EVs might be altered in active arthritis compared to physiological condition, and exosomes or their cargo can regulate the human osteoclastogenesis.
Familial Nongoitrous Cretinism Apparently Due to Maternal Antithyroid Antibody
Authors: James M. Sutherland, Virginia M. Esselborn, Robert L. Burket, Thomas B. Skillman, J. Thomas Benson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

HYPOTHYROID and athyrotic infants born to a mother with a high circulating level of antithyroid antibodies are the subject of this report. Traditionally, cretinism has been divided into endemic and sporadic forms. Familial forms of cretinism, with and without goiter, have been known, but only in 1954 was the syndrome of familial goitrous cretinism explained by metabolic defects in the synthesis or metabolism of thyroid hormone.1 2 3 Circulating antithyroid antibodies were found in the mother of the infants described below. It is suggested that they may explain this case of familial nongoitrous cretinism. Detailed studies of the relation of the several . . .
Registries Track Rightward Shift in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: J. Waalen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Registries Track Rightward Shift in Colorectal Cancer Get access Jill Waalen Jill Waalen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 4, 16 February 1994, Pages 258–259, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.4.258 Published: 16 February 1994
Abstract 1212: PIN1 enhances the anti-apoptotic function of survivin in cancer cells
Authors: Chi Wai Cheng, Roberta Pang, Elaine Fok, Yok Lam Kwong, Eric Tse
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: The peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase 1 (PIN1) binds the specific motif comprising a phosphorylated serine or threonine residue preceding a proline (pSer/Thr-Pro) in proteins. PIN1 catalyses isomerisation of the prolyl peptide bond, and subsequently induces conformational changes in the substrates and modulates their functions. Through this mechanism, PIN1 is involved in many cellular events, including cell cycle progression, cell proliferation and cell transformation. Our previous work has revealed that PIN1 is over-expressed in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and enhances hepatocarinogenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of the interaction between PIN1 and Survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP), in tumorigenesis. Methods and Results: By co-immunoprecipitation experiments, we found that PIN1 interacted with Survivin via the phosphorylated Thr34-pro motif in Survivin. We then further investigated the effects of PIN1 on the anti-apoptotic function of Survivin using flow cytometry by staining the cells with Annexin V and 7-AAD. Both caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities were also detected by flow cytometry. Through these experiments, over-expression of PIN1 in cervical carcinoma HeLa and human nontumorigenic liver MIHA cells were found to suppress the apoptotic response induced by staurosporine through inactivation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. However, the expression of the PIN1 mutants that are catalytically inactive or defective for protein-binding activity did not result in an inhibition of apoptosis. Likewise, the targeted inhibition of PIN1 by small interfering RNA in HeLa and human hepatoma PLC/PRF/5 cells enhanced the apoptotic response induced by staurosporine through caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation. In addition, down-regulation of Survivin by small interfering RNA in PIN1 over-expressing cells abolished the anti-apoptotic effect induced by PIN1, suggesting that the inhibition of apoptosis is mediated through the PIN1-Survivin interaction. Conclusion: Since phosphorylation of Thr34 in Survivin suppresses pro-caspase-9 activation by increasing the binding between Survivin and pro-caspase-9, our results suggest that PIN1 may further regulate the anti-apoptotic role of Survivin through modulation of its binding to pro-caspase-9. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1212.
Pink ribbons in October
Authors: L. Dillner
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The gimmicks have ranged from golf balls covered with pink ribbons to designer nightshirts, but the message is deadly serious. This is international breast cancer awareness month, and one in twelve women in Britain will develop the disease. While almost every disorder from dyslexia to constipation has awareness weeks, none, with the exception of AIDS, has captured the media so successfully as breast cancer.

This month, in over 40 countries and particularly in Britain and the United States, breast cancer has been publicised in television documentaries, in women's magazines, and on the health pages of newspapers. The Independent had an eight page supplement produced jointly with the Health Education Authority. The Breast Cancer Campaign, one of at least six charities dealing with breast cancer in Britain, has put information pages on the Internet. Manufacturing industry has offered enthusiastic support. Estee Lauder is giving away pink ribbons, the symbol of breast cancer awareness, at their cosmetic counters, as well as leaflets on self examination; Wonderbra, symbol of …
Histiocytic Sarcoma Involving Lymph Nodes
Authors: William Makis, Anthony Ciarallo, Vilma Derbekyan, Robert Lisbona
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

This report of an 82-year-old man who presented with a 3-week history of an enlarging left axillary mass and mild fevers, highlights the usefulness of both gallium-67 and F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging in the staging of histiocytic sarcoma. While PET/CT was superior in determining the extent of the disease, gallium can be used to help stage the disease in centers where PET/CT is not available.
P181 GENE SET ENRICHMENT ANALYSIS IN BASELINE LIVER BIOPSIES OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS TREATED WITH PEGINTERFERON-ALFA AND ADEFOVIR
Authors: L. Jansen, A. de Niet, Z. Makowska, M.T. Dill, K.A. van Dort, R.B. Takkenberg, M.H. Heim, N.A. Kootstra, H.W. Reesink
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Late Vascular Effects of Toxemia of Pregnancy
Authors: Franklin H. Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

IT has been suggested many times that toxemia of pregnancy is associated with the development of hypertension and disease of the kidneys and blood vessels in later life.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Nevertheless, the causal significance and even the existence of such a correlation have frequently been questioned.13 14 15 16 Long-term follow-up studies that meet rigid epidemiologic criteria are difficult to carry out, and many published studies dealing with the problem are unsatisfactory. In some, no distinction is made between patients previously well and those who had clear signs of vascular or renal involvement before they became pregnant.1 In others, only patients with eclampsia are considered, . . .
FEASIBILITY AND SAFETY OF SAPIEN 3 TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION WITH MODERATE OR NO PREDILATATION
Authors: Yigal Abramowitz, Hasan Jilaihawi, Tarun Chakravarty, Geeteshwar Mangat, Yoshio Maeno, Yoshio Kazuno, Nobuyuki Takahashi, Hiroyuki Kawamori, Mamoo Nakamura, Wen Cheng, Raj Makkar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)