tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Can baseline complete geriatric assessment (CGA) predict toxicity in elderly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (pts) receiving combination chemotherapy? Results from the first 100 pts in the prospective multicenter NVALT-3 study
Authors: M. Wymenga, B. Biesma, A. Vincent, O. Dalesio, J. Stigt, H. Smit, H. Groen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

7537 Background: Nearly 50% of NSCLC pts are aged over 70 years, but only few receive combination chemotherapy. Undertreatment results from a fear of associated toxicities. CGA may predict which patients are prone to toxicities, and thus allow patient selection for such treatment. Methods: A total of 182 NSCLC pts = 70 years with stage IIIb/IV disease were randomized to 4 cycles carboplatin/gemcitabine (group 1) or carboplatin/paclitaxel (group 2). Before treatment, CGA was performed using the following instruments: WHO Performance Scale (PS), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatrics (CIRS-G), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), Timed “Up&amp;Go” (TUG), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Score (GDS-15), Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI). Toxicity was scored using NCI-CTC v2. Toxicity related outcomes were defined as all grade III/IV toxicities, toxicity related SAEs, = grade II neurological toxicity and the ability to finish all cycles. Results: In the first 100 pts mean age was 75 yrs (range 70–85). PS was 0 in 30%, 1 in 56% and 2 in 14%. 57% completed all 4 cycles. 11% stopped treatment prematurely due to toxicity and 12% due to PD. Overall, grade III/IV toxicity occurred in 66% of pts, toxicity related SAEs in 12%, and 35% experienced = grade 2 neurological toxicity (n=13 group 1, n=22 group 2). Median (range) baseline CGA scores were as follows: CCI 1.0 (0–7), CIRS-G 3.0 (0–14), ADL independent 72%, IADL independent 50%, TUG 12.0 sec.(5–40), MMSE 29 (19–30), GDS-15 normal (score 0–4) 71%, GFI 3.0 (0–10). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that, for experiencing toxicity related SAEs CIRS-G provided extra information, for experiencing neurological toxicities MMSE was predictive and for finishing all cycles, IADL provided extra information in addition to PS and stage. Conclusions: CGA can predict toxicity in elderly NSCLC pts receiving combination chemotherapy. Data on all 182 patients will be presented. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Micturition Syncope Produced by Orthostasis and Bladder Distention
Authors: William M. Lukash, Glen T. Sawyer, James E. Davis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

MICTURITION syncope, or syncope occurring before, during or after micturition, is a relatively new clinical entity. Although syncope associated with micturition has been mentioned by many authors in the past, including Gastaut and Fischer-Williams,1 Treires2 and Dermksian and Lamb,3 the first detailed case reports, by Proudfit and Forteza,4 appeared in 1959. These authors,4 and later, Lyle et al.5 listed numerous hypotheses for the physiologic basis of this type of syncope. Orthostasis, the Valsalva maneuver and vasodepressor or cardioinhibitory reflex mechanisms have been mentioned as possible precipitating factors.Although extensive cardiovascular studies involving the tilt table were done in most of . . .
Identification of additional risk loci for stroke and small vessel disease: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies
Authors: Ganesh Chauhan, Corey R Arnold, Audrey Y Chu, Myriam Fornage, Azadeh Reyahi, Joshua C Bis, Aki S Havulinna, Muralidharan Sargurupremraj, Albert Vernon Smith, Hieab H H Adams, Seung Hoan Choi, Sara L Pulit, Stella Trompet, Melissa E Garcia, Ani Manichaikul, Alexander Teumer, Stefan Gustafsson, Traci M Bartz, Céline Bellenguez, Jean Sebastien Vidal, Xueqiu Jian, Olafur Kjartansson, Kerri L Wiggins, Claudia L Satizabal, Flora Xue, Samuli Ripatti, Yongmei Liu, Joris Deelen, Marcel den Hoed, Steve Bevan, Jemma C Hopewell, Rainer Malik, Susan R Heckbert, Kenneth Rice, Nicholas L Smith, Christopher Levi, Pankaj Sharma, Cathie LM Sudlow, Ali Moussavi Nik, John W Cole, Reinhold Schmidt, James Meschia, Vincent Thijs, Arne Lindgren, Olle Melander, Raji P Grewal, Ralph L Sacco, Tatjana Rundek, Peter M Rothwell, Donna K Arnett, Christina Jern, Julie A Johnson, Oscar R Benavente, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Jin-Moo Lee, Quenna Wong, Hugo J Aparicio, Stefan T Engelter, Manja Kloss, Didier Leys, Alessandro Pezzini, Julie E Buring, Paul M Ridker, Claudine Berr, Jean-François Dartigues, Anders Hamsten, Patrik K Magnusson, Matthew Traylor, Nancy L Pedersen, Lars Lannfelt, Lars Lindgren, Cecilia M Lindgren, Andrew P Morris, Jordi Jimenez-Conde, Joan Montaner, Farid Radmanesh, Agnieszka Slowik, Daniel Woo, Albert Hofman, Peter J Koudstaal, Marileen L P Portegies, André G Uitterlinden, Anton J M de Craen, Ian Ford, J Wouter Jukema, David J Stott, Norrina B Allen, Michele M Sale, Andrew D Johnson, David A Bennett, Philip L De Jager, Charles C White, Hans Jörgen Grabe, Marcello Ricardo Paulista Markus, Ulf Schminke, Giorgio B Boncoraglio, Robert Clarke, Yoichiro Kamatani, Jean Dallongeville, Oscar L Lopez, Jerome I Rotter, Michael A Nalls, Rebecca F Gottesman, Michael E Griswold, David S Knopman, B Gwen Windham, Alexa Beiser, Hugh S Markus, Erkki Vartiainen, Curtis R French, Martin Dichgans, Tomi Pastinen, Mark Lathrop, Vilmundur Gudnason, Tobias Kurth, Bruce M Psaty, Tamara B Harris, Stephen S Rich, Anita L deStefano, Carsten Oliver Schmidt, Bradford B Worrall, Jonathan Rosand, Veikko Salomaa, Thomas H Mosley, Erik Ingelsson, Cornelia M van Duijn, Christophe Tzourio, Kathryn M Rexrode, Ordan J Lehmann, Lenore J Launer, M Arfan Ikram, Peter Carlsson, Daniel I Chasman, Sarah J Childs, William T Longstreth, Sudha Seshadri, Stéphanie Debette
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2016)
Multiband Mucosectomy Versus Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Treatment of Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Esophagus
Authors: Xi-Feng Jin, Tong-Hai Chai, Wei Gai, Zhao-Sheng Chen, Jian-Qiang Guo
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2016)
Augmentation of haloperidol by ascorbic acid in phencyclidine intoxication
Authors: A J Giannini, R H Loiselle, L R DiMarzio, M C Giannini
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

The authors studied 40 white men with acute phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication. On a random basis, 10 were treated with ascorbic acid, 10 with placebo, 10 with haloperidol, and 10 with a combination of ascorbic acid and haloperidol. While haloperidol was significantly more effective than ascorbic acid, the combination was significantly more effective than either used alone. This combination may have a specific antipsychotic role in the emergency treatment of PCP psychosis.
Tracking difficulties and paranoid ideation during hashish and alcohol intoxication
Authors: F T Melges
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

In a double-blind study using each subject as his own control, 6 normal subjects smoked 20 mg of THC within 10- and 45-minute periods ("fast" and "slow" conditions, respectively). Each subject also received placebo and doses of alcohol calculated to be as intoxicating as the THC doses. In fast conditions, THC induced greater difficulties with tracking information over time, greater disruptions of self-other interpersonal perceptions, and more persecutory ideation that did alcohol or placebo. Similar but less marked differences were found in the slow conditions. As hypothesized, changes in tracking difficulties, self-other metaperspectives, and persecutory ideation were substantially and significantly correlated.
Tumor Heterogeneity and Efficacy of First-Line Cetuximab + Folfiri in Kras Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (Mcrc) Patients (Pts) of the Capri Goim Trial
Authors: N. Normanno, A.M. Rachiglio, M. Lambiase, E. Martinelli, F. Fenizia, C. Esposito, C. Roma, T. Troiani, F. Tatangelo, G. Botti, D. Rizzi, E. Maiello, G. Colucci, F. Ciardiello
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Transplantable Mammary Tumors in Wistar/Furth Rats: Development, Antigenicity, and Effect of Hormone Manipulations2
Authors: Willy F. Piessens, W. Hallowell Churchill
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Transplantable tumor lines were developed from 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumors in in-bred WF rats. Although the primary tumors regressed following oophorectomy, the growth of late generations of the transplantable lines was not affected by castration or by treatment with estrogens, androgens, and progesterone. This result coincided with a change in the morphology of the tumors from well-differentiated to poorly differentiated anaplastic tumors. The transplantable mammary tumors were antigenic in vitro as evidenced by stimulation of syngeneic lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell cultures. However, prior sensitization by excision of a first tumor graft failed to protect the animals against a second challenge with cells from the same tumor line.
Airway Responsiveness to Leukotrienes C4 and D4 and to Methacholine in Patients with Asthma and Normal Controls
Authors: Ellinor Adelroth, Marilyn M. Morris, Frederick E. Hargreave, Paul M. O'Byrne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Leukotrienes C4 and D4 may serve as chemical mediators in asthma. Although patients with asthma are known to be hyperresponsive to the bronchoconstrictive effects of histamine and methacholine, whether the same is true for the leukotrienes is controversial. We compared the airway responses to methacholine and to leukotrienes C4 and D4 in 12 asthmatic patients and 6 controls. We found that the patients were more responsive to the leukotrienes than the controls, and we observed a linear correlation between airway response to methacholine and that to leukotriene C4 (r = 0.68, P<0.01) and D4 (r = 0.79, P<0.001). However, relative to the airway response to methacholine, the response to the leukotrienes was much greater in the controls than in the patients. Furthermore, the asthmatic subjects who were most responsive to methacholine had the lowest relative airway response to both leukotrienes. Thus, the patients with the greatest airway responsiveness to methacholine paradoxically showed the lowest relative airway response to the leukotrienes. In contrast, this difference in relative airway responses has not been observed between methacholine and other bronchoconstrictor mediators, such as histamine. Although no adequate explanation for these observations has yet emerged, our data suggest that leukotrienes C4 and D4 are unique bronchoconstrictors with a possible role in the pathogenesis of asthma. (N Engl J Med 1986; 315:480–4.)
Role of Endoscopic vs Percutaneous Biliary Drainage in the Treatment of Malignant Biliary Tract Obstruction—Reply
Authors: Sumant Inamdar, Divyesh V. Sejpal, Arvind J. Trindade
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

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Summary of results of serological tests and diagnoses for 4774 cases of various autoimmune bullous diseases consulted to Kurume University
Authors: T. Hashimoto, D. Tsuruta, H. Koga, S. Fukuda, B. Ohyama, A. Komai, T. Karashima, C. Ohata, K. Teye, N. Ishii
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Although many new disease entities of autoimmune bullous disease (AIBD) have recently been recognized, satisfactory immunological diagnostic methods and comprehensive classifications for various AIBDs have not been established. To identify immunological diagnostics and comprehensive classifications for AIBDs. We selected and examined 4774 patients with various AIBDs from our cohort of 5063 patients with difficult AIBDs, whose sera and information were sent for our diagnostic method from other institutes in either Japan or other countries over the last 19 years. We examined the sera by our immunological diagnostic methods including various immunofluorescence, immunoblotting and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay tests to make final diagnoses. By our immunological diagnostic methods, we successfully made final diagnoses for approximately three‐quarters of the difficult cases of AIBD, although the remaining cases could not be diagnosed. Using the results, we suggest the most extensive and newest classification of AIBDs, and also propose the most efficient algorithm of immunological tests for the diagnosis of various AIBDs. The results in this study of 4774 patients with various AIBDs indicate that our immunological diagnostic method is useful for making diagnoses for most patients with AIBD. However, we need further improvements including new immunological techniques to establish more satisfactory methods.
Role of Dietary Iron and Fat on Vitamin E Deficiency Anemia of Infancy
Authors: Margaret L. Williams, Roger J. Shott, Patricia L. O'Neal, Frank A. Oski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Thirty-five infants weighing less than 1500 g at birth were fed four commercial formulas (A-D) varying in polyunsaturated fatty acid composition (32 per cent linoleic acid in A and Band 12 per cent linoleic acid in C and D) and in iron content (< 1.0 in A and B; 12 to 13 mg per liter in B and D). Infants receiving formula B showed significantly lower hemoglobins(p < 0.01)and higher reticulocyte counts (p < 0.005) than infants fed the other three formulas. Infants receiving the two formulas with higher concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids (A and B) showed significantly greater hydrogen-peroxide-induced hemolysis(p < 0.001) than those given diets containing lower amounts. Infants in groups A and B also had lower serum tocopherol concentrations. Infant red-cell membranes are altered by the increased amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids and iron in the diet. It appears that the development of vitamin E deficiency anemia occurs in infants receiving iron supplementation. (N Engl J Med 292:887–890, 1975)
Prostate cancer metastasis, the noncanonical Wnt pathway, and the transcription factor PITX2.
Authors: I. Vela, C. Morrissey, E. Corey, R. Vessella, S. Chen, G. Strutton, C. Nelson, J. Clements, D. Nicol, E. M. Gardiner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

4647 Background: Metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) is currently incurable. The identification of factors important in the spread of localized cancer to distant sites is therefore critical. The non-canonical Wnt pathway is involved in the regulation of cellular motility and morphology and is increasingly implicated in cancer metastasis. We have identified a nuclear transcription factor PITX2 which is highly expressed in metastatic PCa, transduces non-canonical Wnt signaling and appears to enhance cellular motility and metastatic potential of a widely studied PCa cell line. Methods: Clinical samples of normal, primary and metastatic PCa were analysed using Wnt pathway Real-time PCR arrays. Immunohistochemistry using a specific anti-PITX2 antibody was also performed on tissue microarrays of primary and metastatic PCa. Effects of altered PITX2 expression and non-canonical Wnt activation on cellular motility were investigated in PC3 cell cultures by treatment with noncanonical Wnt pathway agonists accompanied by PITX2 over-expression or knockdown. Results: Comparison of transcript and protein levels in clinical samples showed incremental expression of PITX2 with progression from primary to metastatic PCa, with the latter expressing transcripts ∼13000 fold higher than normal prostate. Functional characterisation of PITX2 over-expression and knockdown in the PC3 cell line indicated that PITX2 enhanced cellular motility specifically through transduction of noncanonical Wnt pathway signaling. Conclusions: These data support a pivotal role for the noncanonical Wnt pathway in enhancement of cellular motility and metastasis of PCa and indicate that this process is mediated by the transcription factor PITX2. Significantly increased PITX2 expression in clinical samples was associated with progression from normal prostate to metastatic disease. This novel role for PITX2 and the noncanonical Wnt pathway in PCa metastasis may represent a therapeutic target for the prevention or treatment of metastatic PCa. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Relaxant Drugs in Cerebral Palsy: 1949–1960
Authors: Eric Denhoff, Raymond H. Holden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

DRUG therapy in cerebral palsy is an accepted component of the over-all treatment plan. A drug may be primarily effective as an anticonvulsant, as a neuromotor relaxant or as a behavior ameliorator. Whereas the effectiveness of anticonvulsant medication is proved, the evidence of the benefits of drugs that modify neuromotor and behavioral deviations is not clear cut.In 1942 interest in a "drug approach" to cerebral palsy was stimulated by the apparent beneficial neuromotor and behavioral effects in 6 spastic children of a combination of curare and amphetamine.1 In 1949, when mephenesin was studied against placebo for effectiveness as a . . .
Patient Derived Xenograft (PDX) Models Recapitulate the Genomic-Driver Composition of Acute Leukemia Samples
Authors: Andrei V. Krivtsov, Xujun Wang, Noushin Rahnamay Farnoud, Michael Hadler, Marta Sanchez Martin, Kristina M. Knapp, Eytan M. Stein, Doron Lipson, Michelle K. Nahas, Philip J. Stephens, Eric M Sanford, Kai Wang, Garrett M Frampton, Tim Brennan, Geoff A. Otto, Roman Yelensky, Vincent Miller, Ross L. Levine, Adolfo A. Ferrando, Scott A. Armstrong
Journal: Blood (2014)
Survival after Prolonged Hypothermia
Authors: H. Antretter, O.E. Dapunt, L.C. Mueller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: In February 1993 a six-year-old boy weighing 22 kg fell into a river in an alpine region near Innsbruck, Austria (air temperature, -4 °C; water temperature, 2.5 °C). He drifted away ...
Case 17-1999
Authors: Jeffrey Parsonnet, James Versalovic
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Presentation of CaseA 42-year-old asplenic man was admitted to the hospital because of gram-negative sepsis.The patient had been well until one week earlier, when his left upper teeth began to ache. Four days before admission, he had abdominal cramps and two loose stools. The next morning, he awakened with diffuse aches, especially in the arms, legs, and lower back. After a small breakfast, he vomited several times and then had shaking chills with increasing fever. He was admitted to another hospital. His temperature was 40°C. The results of a physical examination were otherwise normal. The urine was normal. . . .
An Evaluation of Internal-Mammary-Artery Ligation by a Double-Blind Technic
Authors: Leonard A. Cobb, George I. Thomas, David H. Dillard, K. Alvin Merendino, Robert A. Bruce
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

CONSIDERABLE relief of symptoms has been reported for patients with angina pectoris subjected to bilateral ligation of the internal mammary arteries.1 2 3 4 The physiologic basis for the relief of angina afforded by this rather simple operation is not clear. Allegedly, increased coronary flow is facilitated through collateral channels proximal to the site of ligation; these potential channels apparently do exist, as demonstrated by the injection studies of Battezzati et al.1 and Kitchell, Glover and Kyle.2 However, definitely increased coronary flow after bilateral internal-mammary-artery ligation has not been shown. Furthermore, this procedure does not afford protection to dogs after ligation of the . . .
Penicillamine and Hydroxychloroquine in the Treatment of Severe Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Earl J. Brewer, Edward H. Giannini, Nina Kuzmina, Lev Alekseev
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

One hundred sixty-two children with severe juvenile rheumatoid arthritis were entered in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-month clinical trial designed to establish the efficacy and safety of two slower-acting antirheumatic drugs, penicillamine and hydroxychloroquine. The study was a cooperative effort of the United States and the Soviet Union. One group of subjects received 10 mg of penicillamine per kilogram of body weight per day, another group received 6 mg of hydroxychloroquine per kilogram daily, and a third group received placebo. All three groups were allowed a single concurrent nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, but no other antirheumatic medications, including corticosteroids. All three groups had dramatic improvement in many of the clinical and laboratory outcome variables after one year of study. There were no significant differences in efficacy between the penicillamine and placebo groups. Pain on movement was the only index of articular disease that was alleviated more by hydroxychloroquine than by placebo. Serious adverse drug reactions attributable to the active agents were rare. We were unable to demonstrate that, in the presence of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, either penicillamine or hydroxychloroquine is superior to placebo in the treatment of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Case 8-2016
Authors: Kai Saukkonen, Amita Sharma, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

A 71-year-old man presented with recurrent fevers, dyspnea, and hypoxemia. Chest imaging showed consolidation predominantly in the lower lobes and diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities that had waxed and waned over a 6-month period. A diagnostic procedure was performed.
Protests mount in Poland over government’s plans to criminalise all abortions
Authors: Jaroslaw Adamowski
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Thousands of people have been protesting across cities in Poland at plans being considered by the conservative government of the Law and Justice (PiS) party to ban all abortions, scrapping the three exceptions in which terminating pregnancy is currently legal.

The protests culminated in a demonstration in front of the parliament buildings on 9 April where women’s health campaigners said that they wanted the current law to be relaxed and reproductive rights restored.

A new draft bill has been prepared by a coalition of Catholic associations, which set up the Stop Abortion Committee. If the parliamentary speaker approves the bill, the committee will have three months …
PREDICTORS FOR CHANGES IN REFERENCE VESSEL DIAMETER IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Young Jin Youn, Ji Hyun Lee, Jun-Won Lee, Sung-Gyun Ahn, min-soo Ahn, Jang-Young Kim, Byung-Su Yoo, Seung-Hwan Lee, Junghan Yoon, Kyung-Hoon Choe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Detection of High-grade Prostate Cancer Using a Urinary Molecular Biomarker–Based Risk Score
Authors: Leander Van Neste, Rianne J. Hendriks, Siebren Dijkstra, Geert Trooskens, Erik B. Cornel, Sander A. Jannink, Hans de Jong, Daphne Hessels, Frank P. Smit, Willem J.G. Melchers, Gisèle H.J.M. Leyten, Theo M. de Reijke, Henk Vergunst, Paul Kil, Ben C. Knipscheer, Christina A. Hulsbergen-van de Kaa, Peter F.A. Mulders, Inge M. van Oort, Wim Van Criekinge, Jack A. Schalken
Journal: European Urology (2016)