tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case 51-1976
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Guido Majno, Guillermo C. Sanchez, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Introduction*Dr. Guillermo C. Sanchez: In this Bicentennial Year it seems appropriate to have a clinicopathological exercise with historical emphasis and present the case record of the first patient admitted to the Massachusetts General Hospital, on the first of September, 1821. To put this case in perspective I shall describe briefly the medical situation in Boston in 1821. The city had pest houses, alms houses for the totally dispossessed, military hospitals and a marine hospital, but there was no provision for the so-called working poor. In 1810 Dr. James Jackson and Dr. John Collins Warren wrote a letter to all . . .
CBIO-48DECODING THE CELLULAR HETEROGENEITY OF MALIGNANT GLIOMA
Authors: Kwanha Yu, Jeffrey Carlson, C.C. John Lin, Wenyi Zhu, Nabil Ahmed, Xiao-nan Li, Carrie Mohila, Michelle Monje, Akash J. Patel, Benjamin Deneen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Glioma is the most common malignancy of the central nervous system with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) being the most frequent and deadliest. Despite significant advances, GBM is associated with a 5 year progression free survival of 3-4%, a statistic relatively unchanged for the past six decades. One characteristic of GBM as well as hindrance in the development of effective treatment is their cellular heterogeneity. Primarily constituted by malignant astro-glial cells, evidence supports the notion that GBM are compartmentalized into different subpopulations with different tumorigenic properties, which contribute to different aspect of disease pathogenesis. In an effort to identify and elucidate the contributions of novel subpopulations to this malignancy, we have combined multiple, novel mouse models for GBM with flow cytometry and FACS to identify, isolate, and directly characterize these subpopulations. In an effort to consistently and reproducibly generate GBM in a high throughput, in vivo, and non-immunocompromised manner, we have developed a tractable model that combine in utero electroporation (IUE) with the piggyBac transposase genetic system which is capable of generating histologically verified GBM in less than 3 weeks. Utilizing this approach, we have identified 5 novel candidate subpopulations, which demonstrate functional differences towards tumor pathogenesis. In addition, we have developed a second model which combines IUE with the CRISPR genome editing system and have found that the same subpopulations are present in this model. Finally, analysis of primary human samples suggests that these subpopulations are present in the human disease. Together, this multi-modal approach demonstrates the presence of novel, functionally defined subpopulations, whose presence is conserved across models and species.
Allergenic Diet in Early Infancy May Not Prevent Food Allergies
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Patient‐derived mouse xenografts from pediatric liver cancer predict tumor recurrence and advise clinical management
Authors: Delphine Nicolle, Monique Fabre, Marina Simon‐Coma, Aurore Gorse, Roland Kappler, Lara Nonell, Mar Mallo, Hazar Haidar, Olivier Déas, Charlotte Mussini, Catherine Guettier, Marie‐José Redon, Laurence Brugières, Maria Rosa Ghigna, Elie Fadel, Louise Galmiche‐Rolland, Christophe Chardot, Jean‐Gabriel Judde, Carolina Armengol, Sophie Branchereau, Stefano Cairo
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

Identification of new treatments for relapsing pediatric cancer is an unmet clinical need and a societal challenge. Liver cancer occurrence in infancy, 1.5 for million children per year, falls far below the threshold of interest for dedicated drug development programs, and this disease is so rare that it is very difficult to gather enough children into a phase II clinical trial. Here, we present the establishment of an unprecedented preclinical platform of 24 pediatric liver cancer patient‐derived xenografts (PLC‐PDXs) from 20 hepatoblastomas (HBs), 1 transitional liver cell tumor (TCLT), 1 hepatocellular carcinoma, and 2 malignant rhabdoid tumors. Cytogenetic array and mutational analysis of the parental tumors and the corresponding PLC‐PDXs show high conservation of the molecular features of the parental tumors. The histology of PLC‐PDXs is strikingly similar to that observed in primary tumors and recapitulates the heterogeneity of recurrent disease observed in the clinic. Tumor growth in the mouse is strongly associated with elevated circulating alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), low rate of necrosis/fibrosis after treatment, and gain of chromosome 20, all indicators of resistance to chemotherapy and poor outcome. Accordingly, the ability of a tumor to generate PLC‐PDX is predictive of poor prognosis. Exposure of PLC‐PDXs to standards of care or therapeutic options already in use for other pediatric malignancies revealed unique response profiles in these models. Among these, the irinotecan/temozolomide combination induced strong tumor regression in the TCLT and in a model derived from an AFP‐negative relapsing HB. Conclusion : These results provide evidence that PLC‐PDX preclinical platform can strongly contribute to accelerate the identification and diversification of anticancer treatment for aggressive subtypes of pediatric liver cancer. (H epatology 2016;64:1121‐1135)
Sequential administration of recombinant human interleukin-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor after autologous bone marrow transplantation for malignant lymphoma: a phase I/II multicenter study
Authors: JW Fay, H Lazarus, R Herzig, R Saez, DA Stevens, RH Jr Collins, LA Pineiro, BW Cooper, J DiCesare, M Campion
Journal: Blood (1994)
TCTAP A-099 The Role of Contralateral Collateral Supply on Myocardial Viability in Coronary Chronic Total Occlusions
Authors: Byeong Joo Bae, Se Hun Kang, Seung-Jung Park, Seong-Wook Park, Cheol Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Seung-Whan Lee, Duk-Woo Park, Soo-Jin Kang, Jung-Min Ahn, Pil Hyung Lee, Cheol Hyun Lee, Min Soo Cho, Jae Seok Bae, Yu Na Kim, Sung Han Yoon, Do-Yoon Kang, Mineok Chang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Feasibility of Telomerase-Specific Adoptive T-cell Therapy for B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Solid Malignancies
Authors: Sara Sandri, Sara Bobisse, Kelly Moxley, Alessia Lamolinara, Francesco De Sanctis, Federico Boschi, Andrea Sbarbati, Giulio Fracasso, Giovanna Ferrarini, Rudi W. Hendriks, Chiara Cavallini, Maria Teresa Scupoli, Silvia Sartoris, Manuela Iezzi, Michael I. Nishimura, Vincenzo Bronte, Stefano Ugel
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Telomerase (TERT) is overexpressed in 80% to 90% of primary tumors and contributes to sustaining the transformed phenotype. The identification of several TERT epitopes in tumor cells has elevated the status of TERT as a potential universal target for selective and broad adoptive immunotherapy. TERT-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have been detected in the peripheral blood of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients, but display low functional avidity, which limits their clinical utility in adoptive cell transfer approaches. To overcome this key obstacle hindering effective immunotherapy, we isolated an HLA-A2–restricted T-cell receptor (TCR) with high avidity for human TERT from vaccinated HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice. Using several relevant humanized mouse models, we demonstrate that TCR-transduced T cells were able to control human B-CLL progression in vivo and limited tumor growth in several human, solid transplantable cancers. TERT-based adoptive immunotherapy selectively eliminated tumor cells, failed to trigger a self–MHC-restricted fratricide of T cells, and was associated with toxicity against mature granulocytes, but not toward human hematopoietic progenitors in humanized immune reconstituted mice. These data support the feasibility of TERT-based adoptive immunotherapy in clinical oncology, highlighting, for the first time, the possibility of utilizing a high-avidity TCR specific for human TERT. Cancer Res; 76(9); 2540–51. ©2016 AACR.
Cardiovascular management
Authors: I. Lang
Journal: BMJ (2003)

In the United States each year, aortic dissection causes two deaths per 100 000 men and 0.8 deaths per 100 000 women.1 Predisposing factors include Marfan's, Ehlers-Danlos, and Turner's syndrome and mutation in the gene for type III collagen. The third trimester of pregnancy, bicuspid aortic valve (91% of dissected aortic aneurysms show bicuspid aortic valves2), coarctation of the aorta, arteritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, juvenile nephropathic nephrocalcinosis, Cushing's syndrome, and cocaine misuse are additional predisposing factors. Arterial hypertension, another common risk factor for aortic dissection, was mentioned by many respondents to the case.​case.




Figure 1






The characteristic histological change in aortic dissection is cystic medial necrosis.2 Apoptosis of medial smooth muscle cells leads to microscopic gunshot-like holes in the medial layer. The most widely used classification of aortic dissection is that of Stanford, with type A being proximal aortic dissection and type B aortic dissection distal to the left subclavian artery. This is of more practical use than the DeBakey classification.3 Surgeons like to remember that they need to act quickly in type A dissections but can delay surgery for type B dissections.

The site of initial pain may indicate the site of dissection. Descriptions include sensations of ripping, burning, splitting, cutting, or being hit in the chest. Transient syncope is often associated with the first onset of pain. Patients usually appear in distress, cold and clammy, and hypertensive because of damage to the aortic arch baroreceptors. An aortic regurgitation murmur may be an early physical sign of dissection. Three signs to alert physicians not to give early thrombolytic therapy are a history of hypertension, sudden onset of pain, and subsequent caudal migration of pain.

In a study population with a prevalence of aortic dissection over 50%, positive predictive values were 86% for angiography, 99% for computed tomography, 100% for magnetic resonance imaging, and 99% for transoesphageal echocardiography.4

Although it is known that untreated concomitant coronary disease decreases long term postoperative survival,5 Peter Hartl did not have diagnostic cardiac catheterisation because it would have delayed surgery. Early surgical repair was essential in Peter's case because 40% of patients with proximal dissection die immediately, 70% within the first 24 hours, 94% within one week, and all patients within five weeks. By contrast, about 75% of patients with distal dissection survive one month,6 and cardiac catheterisation is valuable in this group.
Oral Ixazomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone for Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Philippe Moreau, Tamás Masszi, Norbert Grzasko, Nizar J. Bahlis, Markus Hansson, Ludek Pour, Irwindeep Sandhu, Peter Ganly, Bartrum W. Baker, Sharon R. Jackson, Anne-Marie Stoppa, David R. Simpson, Peter Gimsing, Antonio Palumbo, Laurent Garderet, Michele Cavo, Shaji Kumar, Cyrille Touzeau, Francis K. Buadi, Jacob P. Laubach, Deborah T. Berg, Jianchang Lin, Alessandra Di Bacco, Ai-Min Hui, Helgi van de Velde, Paul G. Richardson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

Ixazomib is an oral proteasome inhibitor that is currently being studied for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
IL-21 enhances rituximab-mediated killing of B-lymphoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo
Authors: W. Kindsvogel, S. Hughes, K. Bannink, M. Heipel, B. Johnson, R. Holly, P. Sivakumar, C. Clegg, E. L. Sievers, D. Foster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

2581 Background: IL-21 is an IL-2 family cytokine expressed by activated CD4+ T cells. It has potent immunomodulatory activities on a number of cell types and has shown significant anti-tumor activity in preclinical animal studies. Phase I studies in metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma are intended to commence in the first half of 2004. For NK cells, IL-21 promotes activated characteristics, including enhanced cytolytic activity, IFN-γ production, and expression of cell surface CD16. To examine the possible consequences of IL-21 stimulation on antibody mediated NK effector functions, we carried out in vitro and in vivo studies using rituximab/CD20+ lymphoma as a model system. Methods: NK cells were prepared by negative selection from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors, cultured for 3 days ± IL-21, and cytolytic activity was measured against human B-lymphoma cell targets in the presence or absence of rituximab. Additionally, IFN-γ production by NK cells cultured with IL-21 and plate bound IgG was assayed by ELISA. To assess the combined effects of IL-21 and rituximab in vivo, SCID mice (n=10) were injected IV with 106 HS Sultan cells and treated with vehicle, IL-21 (5 mg/kg QD, days 1–5), rituximab (1 mg/kg Q 4th day x 5, starting day 3) or a combination of IL-21 and rituximab. Results: IL-21 enhanced IFN-γ production by NK cells costimulated with plate bound IgG in a dose dependent manner. Compared to control NK cultures, pre-exposure to IL-21 significantly increased lytic activity of NK cells on human B-lymphoma cell targets in the presence of rituximab. Similarly, treatment of HS Sultan bearing mice with a combination of IL-21 and rituximab resulted in significantly increased survival compared to treatment with rituximab alone (70% versus 10% at day 90; p<.004, logrank). Conclusions: In both in vitro and in vivo studies, IL-21 synergistically enhanced rituximab mediated cytotoxicity. These data suggest that antibody mediated NK cell effector functions are augmented by IL-21, and that IL-21 may be clinically useful in the context of antibody based cancer therapy. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration ZymoGenetics ZymoGenetics
Effect of captopril on congestive heart failure.
Authors: Masayuki Nishida, Hisashi Matsuo, Hitoshi Sano, Hiroyuki Obata, Hisakazu Yasuda
Journal: Circulation (1990)

1) Captopril was orally administered in a dose of 12.5 mg to 12 patients with congestive heart failure to follow changes in its blood concentration and determine changes in clinical test values. 2) The blood concentration of captopril reached its peak in 2 h after medication, the mean value being 274 ng/ml and the half-life 3.16h. The Tmax and T1/2 were found to be extended as compared with those of normal humans and hypertensive patients that had been reported. No significant differences were noted between Group I of mild cases and Group II of serious cases. 3) Following administration of captopril, a rise in angiotensin I and renin activity and a reduction in aldosterone were noted. These were found to be correlated or inversely correlated with the changes in the blood concentration of captopril. Greater changes were noted in Group II than in Group I. All clinical test values in each group tended to return to the control value 6h after the administration.
Heterotopic Prosthetic Ventricles as a Bridge to Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: D J Farrar, J D Hill, L A Gray, D G Pennington, L R McBride, W S Pierce, W E Pae, B Glenville, D Ross, T A Galbraith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Heterotopic prosthetic ventricles were used to support the circulation in 29 candidates for heart transplantation who were expected to die before procurement of a donor heart. Twenty-one of these patients (average age, 36 years) underwent successful transplantation after 8 hours to 31 days of circulatory support. The other eight patients died because their condition could not be stabilized for transplantation, despite restoration of blood flow. Fourteen patients received biventricular support; 15 received only left ventricular support, with pharmacologic assistance of right heart function. Before transplantation, blood flow from the left prosthetic ventricle averaged 2.8 +/- 0.4 liters per minute per square meter of body-surface area, and from the right prosthesis 2.4 +/- 0.4 liters, as compared with an average flow of 1.6 +/- 0.5 liters per minute per square meter before implantation. Of the 21 patients who received heart transplants, 20 were discharged from the hospital after a median of 31 days. Nineteen patients were alive at 7 to 39 months, and 11 of the first 12 were alive at one year. We conclude that heterotopic placement of prosthetic ventricles as a bridge to transplantation provides an effective method of temporarily supporting cardiac function in critically ill patients without removing the natural heart. The early survival rate after transplantation is similar to that with elective cardiac transplantation.
Diet and Cancer of the Colon and Rectum: A Case-Control Study
Authors: John D. Potter, Anthony J. McMichael
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

In 1979-81, 419 patients with incident cases of colon and rectal cancer and 732 controls were questioned regarding diet and alcohol. Cancer cases were a population-based series reported to the South Australian Central Cancer Registry, were 30-74 years of age, and were residing in Metropolitan Adelaide. Controls were selected from the electoral roll and individually age- and sex-matched to cancer cases. The most consistent risk factor for colorectal cancer was dietary protein, which was associated with a twofold-to-threefold relative risk for colon cancer and for rectal cancer in women for all levels of consumption above the base line (i.e., the lowest consumption quintile). For male colon cancer the corresponding relative risk was similar; but for male rectal cancer, risk was elevated only at old ages. Total energy intake and, less clearly, meal frequency were also positively associated with increased risk. Total alcohol intake (but not specifically beer) was associated with increased risk of both colon and rectal cancer in women; in both sexes, there was an increased risk of colon and rectal cancer associated with spirits consumption. A reduced risk of rectal cancer was associated with vitamin C but not with vitamin A. The increased risk associated with high protein and total energy was confined to those consuming a low fiber diet, particularly among women; but some other aspects of the relationship between fiber consumption and risk of colorectal cancer were more complex. Some modifications and extensions of the current fat-to-bile acid-to-fiber theory of bowel carcinogenesis were suggested.
Factors Cervical Associated With High and Low Risk of Neoplasia&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Elfriede Fasal, M.D., M.P.H., Martha Eaton Simmons, Sc.M., James Birch Kampert, B.A
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Among 34,318 participants in a cervical cancer screening program conducted in 12 California counties between 1975 and 1979, biopsy-proved cervical neoplasia was found in 166. These women served as cases in a case-control study to investigate the association of selected characteristics with the risk of cervical dysplasia and/or cancer. A random sample of program participants with only negative cytologic tests formed the control group. The following factors showed no association with cervical neoplasia: ethnic affiliation, age at menarche.vage at first marriage, age at first pregnancy, age at birth of first child, mean number of children, and ever use of oral contraceptives. Risk of cervical neoplasia was increased in women who were less than 40 years of age; were of poverty or low income status; and were separated, divorced, or widowed. A decrease in risk was associated with nulliparity, ever use of estrogens for relief of menopausal symptoms, and ever use of the diaphragm.
Protein A-Independent Tumoricidal Responses in Dogs After Extracorporeal Perfusion of Plasma Over &lt;italic&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Bruce R. Gordon, Robert E. Matus, Stuart D. Saal, E. Gregory MacEwen, Arthur I. H urvitz, Kurt H. Stenzel, Albert L. Rubin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Protein A-positive or -negative Staphylococcus aureus preparations were used in an extracorporeal system to treat dogs with spontaneously occurring cancers. Tumor regression was seen in 4 of 7 dogs treated by reinfusion of plasma that had been incubated with protein A-positive S. aureus Cowan I strain (SAC). Therapy was associated with fever, liver enzyme abnormalities, and hypocomplementemia. Tumor response and toxicity could be diminished by more extensive washing of the SAC preparation. Tumor regression was also seen in 2 of 2 animals treated with protein A-negative S. aureus Wood strain 46. In addition, tumors regressed in 3 of 4 dogs treated with infusions of protein A-free saline extracts from S. aureus. These results suggest that the release of a non-protein A bacterial product contributes to tumor regression following incubation of plasma with S. aureus.