tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Risk-Reducing Oophorectomy in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers
Authors: Susan M. Domchek, Jill E. Stopfer, Timothy R. Rebbeck
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2006)

Bilateral risk-reducing oophorectomy (BRRO) is widely used for cancer risk reduction in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 ( BRCA1/2 ) mutations. BRRO significantly reduces breast cancer risk by approximately 50% and ovarian cancer risk by 85% to 95%, but it may be accompanied by menopausal symptoms, impaired quality of life, and accelerated bone loss. Therefore, decisions regarding the timing of BRRO, the risks and benefits of a simultaneous hysterectomy, and the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) must be made in concert with the patient and individualized to their circumstances. However, recent data demonstrate that HRT after BRRO in unaffected premenopausal women does not negate the breast cancer risk reduction that BRRO provides. This article reviews the studies regarding BRRO in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, with particular focus on the use of HRT.
The Pepper Commission Report on Comprehensive Health Care
Authors: John D. Rockefeller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Just over two years ago, Congress created the U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care to recommend legislative action to ensure all Americans coverage for health and long-term care. That commission — renamed the Pepper Commission in honor of its creator and first chair, Representative Claude Pepper (D-Fla.) — fulfills its charge with its just-released final report to Congress.* Some may greet the report as a nonevent — just another set of recommendations to sit on the shelf, as the problems of Americans in getting and paying for health care continue to grow. For some, it has become far easier . . .
Preliminary Results of Treatment with Filgrastim for Relapse of Leukemia and Myelodysplasia after Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Sergio Giralt, Susan Escudier, Hagop Kantarjian, Albert Deisseroth, Emil J. Freireich, Borje S. Andersson, Susan O'Brien, Michael Andreeff, Harold Fisher, Ann Cork, Cheryl Hirsch-Ginsberg, Jose Trujillo, Sanford Stass, Richard E. Champlin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Patients whose leukemia relapses after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation have a poor prognosis; few respond to further chemotherapy, and almost none survive over the long term. We present preliminary observations on the use of filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) for relapse after transplantation.Seven female patients with leukemia (one with chronic myelogenous leukemia, five with acute myelogenous leukemia, and one with a myelodysplastic syndrome that transformed into acute myelogenous leukemia) whose disease relapsed within 360 days after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation received filgrastim (5 micrograms per kilogram of body weight per day by subcutaneous injection) to reinduce remission by stimulating residual donor marrow cells. Cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and determination of restriction-fragment--length polymorphisms were used to assess response and chimerism.Three of the seven patients had a complete hematologic and cytogenetic remission, with reestablishment of hematopoiesis of donor origin. Mild chronic graft-versus-host disease developed in one patient, and acute graft-versus-host disease in none. One patient had a relapse 12 months after treatment, and two others remained in remission after 10 and 11 months. In two of the patients with a response, fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated stimulation of donor cells without differentiation of the leukemic clone.Filgrastim may be effective in selected cases of leukemic relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
S68 A longitudinal study characterising a large adult primary ciliary dyskinesia cohort
Authors: A Shah, A Shoemark, SJ Macneill, B Bhaludin, A Rogers, D Bilton, DM Hansell, R Wilson, MR Loebinger
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3></h3> Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) has not been well characterised. Patients have varied radiological severity of disease and lung function impairment and limited data is available regarding prognosis. In this retrospective study we describe and characterise a large adult PCD cohort, and identify determinates of disease progression using longitudinal lung function data. We retrospectively analysed 151 adult patients at a single tertiary centre. Overall mortality was 4.6% over a 7-year median follow-up period. Lung function decline was estimated at 0.49%FEV<sub>1</sub>predicted/year. Older age at diagnosis showed moderate negative correlation with FEV<sub>1</sub>%predicted at diagnosis (r = -0.30; p = 0.01) and increased <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> colonisation (p &lt; 0.01) but not longitudinal FEV<sub>1</sub>%predicted (β = 0.001; (95% CI:-0.35,0.35)). Within multivariate mixed models of FEV<sub>1</sub> adjusting for ciliary ultrastructure, HRCT scoring of severity of bronchial wall dilatation (p &lt; 0.01) and extent of bronchiectasis (p = 0.03) showed evidence of modifying the decline in FEV<sub>1</sub> with age. Lung function decline additionally differed by ciliary ultrastructure (p = 0.04) with patients with microtubular defects having the greatest decline. Our study reveals a large proportion of adult PCD patients are diagnosed late with lower FEV<sub>1</sub> and increased <i>P. aeruginosa </i>colonisation at diagnosis. Increased disease burden on HRCT and microtubular defects on ciliary ultrastructure predicts progressive lung function decline. This study highlights the need for early diagnosis alongside prospective multi-centre disease-specific trials to confirm triggers for lung function decline and identify potential novel therapeutic strategies.
Influence of Thiazide Diuretics on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Patients with Mild Diabetes
Authors: John W. Runyan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE usefulness of thiazide diuretics in clinical practice has been established. Particular interest in these compounds stems from several reports concerning their effect on carbohydrate metabolism. Wilkins1 and Freis2 both mentioned in 1959 that these agents caused hyperglycemia in several of their hypertensive patients. In the following year Goldner et al.3 studied the problem in a more systematic manner. Twenty nondiabetic subjects and 20 diabetic patients were given various diuretics by mouth. The nondiabetic group showed no elevation of blood sugar or change in glucose tolerance tests while receiving the thiazide, but 6 of the diabetic patients responded with an . . .
Case 43-1994
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Philip C. Amrein, David J. Weissman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Presentation of CaseA 52-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of weakness, diarrhea, and lymphadenopathy.The patient had been well until two months earlier, when fatigue developed. Several weeks later diarrhea developed, with the passage of as many as five watery, nonmucoid stools daily that sometimes contained small amounts of fresh blood; she also had diffuse, colicky abdominal pain, occasional night sweats, and increasing anorexia. Twenty-three days before admission a physician found that she was afebrile, with a normal physical examination. A stool specimen was + positive for occult blood. The hematologic and blood chemical values at that . . .
Case 37-1982
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Michael J. Bresnan, Philip J. Brunquell, Sara E. Kirkham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Presentation of CaseA three-month-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of a question of optic atrophy.The child was born of a full-term second gestation in a mother 21 years of age. The pregnancy was complicated only by an afebrile upper-respiratory-tract infection with coryza at term. A cesarean section was performed at both deliveries. The birth weight was 3.6 kg. The child was jaundiced at birth, and phototherapy was administered for 1 1/2 days. She was breast-fed and received no dietary supplements. At the age of six weeks she had an upper-respiratory-tract infection with nasal congestion, which persisted . . .
Hospital discharge analysis of oncology patients from thirteen acute general hospitals which belong to the City of Buenos Aires Government (CBAG)
Authors: L. Koliren, S. Otero, M. Bianconi, M. Rossi, K. O'Leary, J. Mendoza Padilla, G. Jankilevich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

21183 Background: Statistical report which considers the discharge of oncology patients from thirteen acute general Hospitals from the CBAG in order to determine how to allocate founds and propose epidemilogy, preventive and/or therapeutics trials. Methods: Review of the information given by the HSD of the CBAG Ministry.The variables taken into account were: type of cancer (CIE-10-OMS), sex, age and area of residency. Results: During 2005, in the 13 acute care hospitals of CBAG there were 132,431 disc; among these 6,896 were oncology patients (5%). From the total number of hospital beds used that year (1,074,495), 90,352 were oncology patients (9%). The malignant tumor diagnosis were; Gynecologic 23% (cervix 689 + in situ 134, ovarian 479, uterine 120 and other 188); digestive 15% (colorectal 529, pancreatic 149, stomach 134, esophagus 188 and others 34); hematologic 15% (lymphomas 500, leukemias 410, myelomas 77 and others 46); breast 12% (849); lung 10% (681); urologic 9% (bladder 228, prostate 187, kidney 115, testicle 43 and others 22); miscellaneus 15% (1,065). Sex: Female (F) discharges were 4,158 and male (M) 2,738; the relationshionship F/M was 1.5/1. The group mean age was 56.1± 16.6 years. Area of residence: 53% belonged to the City of Buenos Aires and 40 % to suburban areas. Conclusions: The diagnosis of the pathologies found could help determine epidemiology and therapeutic trials. Hospitalizacions due to cancers that can be ‘prevented by screening‘, such as breast, cervical and colon cancer, support the need to redefine prevention campaigns. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant<i>Salmonella enterica</i>SerotypeTyphimurium DT104 Infections in the United States
Authors: M. Kathleen Glynn, Cheryl Bopp, Wallis Dewitt, Paul Dabney, Mohammad Mokhtar, Frederick J. Angulo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Strains of salmonella that are resistant to antimicrobial agents have become a worldwide health problem. A distinct strain of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, known as definitive type 104 (DT104), is resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline and has become a major cause of illness in humans and animals in Europe, especially the United Kingdom.To characterize typhimurium DT104 infections in the United States, we analyzed data collected by local and state health departments and public health laboratories between 1979 and 1996 in national surveys of the antimicrobial-drug resistance of salmonella. Selected typhimurium isolates with the five-drug pattern of resistance were phage typed.The prevalence of typhimurium isolates with the five-drug pattern of resistance increased from 0.6 percent in 1979-1980 to 34 percent in 1996. In 1994-1995, such isolates were identified in samples from 36 of the 46 surveillance sites (78 percent). Thirty-nine of 43 typhimurium isolates with the five-drug pattern of resistance identified in 1994-1995 and 1996 were phage type DT104 or a closely related phage type.Multidrug-resistant typhimurium DT104 has become a widespread pathogen in the United States. More prudent use of antimicrobial agents in farm animals and more effective disease prevention on farms are necessary to reduce the dissemination of multidrug-resistant typhimurium DT104 and to slow the emergence of resistance to additional agents in this and other strains of salmonella.
Organic brain dysfunction as a possible consequence of postgastrectomy hypoglycemia
Authors: L Hafken, S Leichter, T Reich
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

Unlike the fasting hypoglycemias, the reactive hypoglycemias, including postgastrectomy hypoglycemia, are generally not believed to result in serious neuropsychiatric dysfunction. The authors describe two patients with progressive mental deterioration and alimentary hypoglycemia and suggest that clinicians should recognize the possibility of serious neuropsychiatric sequelae of postgastrectomy hypoglycemia.
A phase II study of BAY 43–9006 (Sorafenib) in patients with relapsed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: B. Liu, T. Barrett, P. Choyke, K. Maynard, J. Wright, S. Kummar, A. Murgo, J. Doroshow, M. Gutierrez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

17119 Background: Sorafenib is an inhibitor of multiple kinases including Raf-1 (C-Raf), b-Raf and pro-angiogenic tyrosine kinases (VEGFR-2/3 and PDGFR-β) and showed preclinical activity against NSCLC cell lines. Its anti-tumor activity may be attributable to inhibition of proliferative signaling through the RAS/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway and its anti-angiogenic effects. In NSCLC, the proliferation signaling of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway is increased due to the increase in K-ras mutations. We initiated a single agent sorafenib trial in patients (pts) with relapsed NSCLC to assess clinical response and translational endpoints in tumor biopsies. Methods: This phase 2 trial uses a two-stage design targeting an objective response rate (RR) which can rule out 5% in favor of a more desirable 20% RR. Eligibility criteria: Pts with recurrent NSCLC with measurable disease who have received only one prior chemotherapy regimen, ECOG 0–1. Pts receive Sorafenib 400 mg bid continuously on 28-day cycle. Responses were evaluated every 8 weeks (wks) according to RECIST criteria. Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and tumor biopsy are performed before cycle 1 and at C1D15 to study early changes in tumor vascularity and translational endpoints. Results: 6 pts are evaluable for toxicity and 5 pts are evaluable for response. Best Response: 1PR (41% tumor reduction at wk 8, remained in PR until wk 28), 1 PR (unconfirmed) at wk 3, 2SD (16 and 19 wks respectively) and 1PD after 8 wks of treatment. Skin toxicity: Acne like drug-related rash (5 pts), hand-foot syndrome (6 pts), keratoacanthoma (1pt) and vasculitis (1pt). All skin toxicities are G1 or G2 and have responded to temporary withdrawal of Sorafenib and supportive care. Hypertension occurred in 1 pt (G2). No G4 toxicities have been observed. G3 toxicities include: anemia (1 pt), hyponatremia (2 pts), and nausea (1 pt). DCE-MRI results: 1 pt on C1D15 showed decrease in permibility parameters (ktrans and kep) and tumor size. DCE-MRI from the other 2 pts (1 PD, 1 SD for 16 weeks) showed no decrease in the permeability parameters. Conclusions: Sorafenib appears to be well-tolerated and active against relapsed NSCLC. Preliminary evidence of objective response warranting second stage accrual. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Maps of the Development of the Brain’s Functional Architecture
Authors: Philip Shaw
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
The Anti-Pitressin Factor in the Treatment of Dysmenorrhea
Authors: William Bickers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

DYSMENORRHEA, like other clinical syndromes whose etiology is obscure, has been considered by some a clinical state more appropriate for discussion by the psychiatrist than the gynecologist. The Ebers and Kahun papyri, thought to have been written 2000 B.C., refer to the dysmenorrheic syndrome. The Talmud and Ayur Veda, which antedate the Christian era, describe in detail the symptoms and treatment of dysmenorrhea. In every disease there is a psychic overlay that may exaggerate the subjective response of the patient, but this does not deny the underlying pathology or physiologic dysfunction involved. Primary dysmenorrhea is associated with a physiologic dysfunction . . .
Radioimmunoassays of Peptide Hormones in Plasma
Authors: Solomon A. Berson, Rosalyn S. Yalow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

TO understand fully the role of any hormone in the bodily economy it is essential to know not only the effects produced by the hormone and the mechanism of action by which these effects are produced but also the factors regulating the secretion of the hormone and the state and behavior of the hormone in the extraglandular tissues of the body. There are a large number of peptide hormones, and the functions served by them are very diverse. It is clearly not possible to discuss each hormone in detail here, but perhaps certain general aspects of the peptide hormones and . . .
A Controlled Trial of a Formalin-Inactivated Hepatitis A Vaccine in Healthy Children
Authors: Alan Werzberger, Barbara Mensch, Barbara Kuter, Leora Brown, John Lewis, Robert Sitrin, William Miller, Daniel Shouval, Brian Wiens, Gary Calandra, John Ryan, Philip Provost, David Nalin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Although inactivated hepatitis A vaccine is known to be well tolerated and immunogenic in healthy children and adults, its efficacy has yet to be established.
Cost-effectiveness of once weekly epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa in treating chemotherapy-induced anemia
Authors: R. Ben-Hamadi, M. S. Duh, A. Henckler, S. McKenzie, J. Fastenau, C. Tak Piech
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

6093 Background: This cost effectiveness analysis assessed outcomes based on 2 randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trials utilized for FDA approval of epoetin alfa (EPO) (40,000 Units/week) and darbepoetin alfa (DARB) (2.25 mcg/kg/week) for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced anemia. Previous research has demonstrated EPO once-weekly (QW) to be more cost effective than DARB QW in lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy based on data from a non-randomized, open-label study of EPO and a randomized, double-blind study of DARB. [Proc ASCO 22:559, 2003 (2248)]. Methods: Clinical results were drawn from randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled phase III studies (for EPO, N=344 patients, JCO 2004 Sep 27 [Epub ahead of print]; for DARB N=320 patients, JNCI 2002 94:1211–20; abstract 981 Eur J Cancer 2001 37, Suppl 6: 264). Effectiveness was estimated by calculating the area under the Hb change curve from baseline to week 12 of treatment (Hb AUC12). Estimated costs were presented as 2004 USD and included drug, physician fees, transfusions, lab tests, and patient opportunity costs. Cost-effectiveness was measured as cost per Hb AUC12. Threshold analysis was conducted by finding the breakeven point at which EPO and DARB have the same total cost and cost-effectiveness ratio, respectively. Results: Dose escalation of erythropoietic agents occurred in 43% of patients in both studies. Estimated total cost over 12 weeks was $7,676 for EPO and $10,857 for DARB, with drug cost accounting for 84% and 89% for EPO and DARB, respectively. The Hb AUC12 was 19.4 g/dL for EPO and 3.5 g/dL for DARB. Cost per Hb AUC12 was $396 for EPO and $3,120 for DARB. A 33% reduction in DARB dose or price would be needed to equalize the cost of treatment with that of EPO. A 98% reduction in DARB dose or price would be required to equalize cost per Hb AUC12 with EPO. Conclusions: Based on data from these 2 well-controlled, pivotal trials, cost of drug was determined to be the key driver of cost. In addition, this analysis found EPO to be the more effective, less costly and dominant alternative compared to DARB for the treatment of anemia in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Ortho-Biotech Ortho-Biotech
Ophthalmologist who filed 99 claims against NHS trusts acted vexatiously and wasted resources, GMC says
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2016)

An ophthalmologist who filed 99 employment tribunal claims against 15 NHS trusts around England within 10 months has been found guilty of misconduct by the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service.

Farhan Hussain Zaidi alleged that, when he applied for consultant posts, the trusts discriminated against him on grounds of religion, race, and age and because he blew the whistle over patient safety concerns. He issued 76 separate claims against Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust in London alone.

The tribunal concluded that his claims, filed between October 2012 and July 2013 and later withdrawn, made “a number of very serious allegations against colleagues,” including NHS managers, without …
Role of the Spleen in Membrane Conditioning and Hemolysis of Spur Cells in Liver Disease
Authors: Richard A. Cooper, Daniel B. Kimball, John R. Durocher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

The contributions of serum lipoproteins and splenic "conditioning" to the genesis and destruction of spur red cells were studied in 20 patients with severe liver disease, one of whom underwent splenectomy. The cholesterol-phospholipid ratio of serum low-density lipoproteins correlated with that of spur-cell membranes, and a general relation existed between the magnitude of this abnormality of lipid composition and severity of anemia. Splenectomy did not influence the abnormality; however, it prevented loss of cell-surface area and remodeling of cell architecture, which spur cells otherwise undergo in vivo, and decreased the hemolytic rate. The spur-cell phenomenon appears to be a two-phase process. The first (lipid) phase is characterized by acquisition of cholesterol, surface area and a scalloped cell contour, and it is dependent on serum lipoproteins. The second (conditioning) phase is characterized by a loss of cell-surface area, transformation to a spiculated cell contour and hemolysis, and it is dependent on the spleen (N Engl J Med 290:1279–1284, 1974)
Sympathetic stimulation facilitates thrombopoiesis by promoting megakaryocyte adhesion, migration, and proplatelet formation
Authors: Shilei Chen, Changhong Du, Mingqiang Shen, Gaomei Zhao, Yang Xu, Ke Yang, Xinmiao Wang, Fengju Li, Dongfeng Zeng, Fang Chen, Song Wang, Mo Chen, Cheng Wang, Ting He, Fengchao Wang, Aiping Wang, Tianmin Cheng, Yongping Su, Jinghong Zhao, Junping Wang
Journal: Blood (2015)
Transient Monocular Blindness Associated with Sexual Intercourse
Authors: Alan J. Teman, Jacqueline M.S. Winterkorn, Douglas Weiner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: Vasospasm has recently been reconsidered as a possible cause of amaurosis fugax.1–3 Vasospasm was suspected in patients with recurrent episodes of visual loss that could not be attri...