tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Commentary: Multiple Factors in Carcinogenesis
Authors: Samuel S. Epstein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Before making some comments on multiple factors, I would like briefly to refer to the discussion at this conference. There has been no reference, strangely enough, to a law known as the Delaney Amendment. Asbestos is a carcinogen. It is apparently being deliberately added to certain drugs and foodstuffs by particular processing and manufacturing practices. Surely, when asbestos is introduced into foodstuffs by deliberate processing this is a clear cut contravention of the Delaney Amendment. The whole question of the relevance of the Delaney Amendment to asbestos in water is a complex legal matter. Suffice it to say that I think it is possible to develop a substantive legal argument that the deliberate discharge of carcinogens such as asbestos into water represents a contravention of the Delaney Amendment. Now with relation to multiple factors this is a fascinating area in which epidemiology has blazed the trail and toxicology has lagged sadly behind. I think that with the little we have heard here on the role of smoking and asbestos, and from the literature on the subject, it becomes clear that smoking does enhance the incidence of bronchogenic cancer following occupational exposure to asbestos. Similar considerations relate to uranium although, however, the question of the synergistic or other positive interactions between smoking and radon daughters appears somewhat compounded by the fact that silica dust may also be involved, and thus we appear to have possibly three factors: smoking, silica dust, and radon daughters. Now while it is true that
Abstract 728: Fluorescence-guided surgery for human-patient colon cancer tumorgrafts using a fluorophore-conjugated anti-CEA antibody.
Authors: Yukihiko Hiroshima, Ali Maawy, Yong Zhang, Takashi Chishima, Kuniya Tanaka, Michael Bouvet, Itaru Endo, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract One of the most important prognostic factors for overall survival in colorectal cancer patients is the complete resection of tumor. We have previously demonstrated the effective fluorescence-guided surgery of primary and metastatic cancer with the use of fluorescent probes in mouse models. In this study, we determined the effectiveness of fluorescence-guided surgery using a fluorophore-conjugated anti-CEA antibody for human-patient colon cancer tumorgrafts in nude mouse models. Colon-cancer-patient tumor specimens were initially established subcutaneously in NOD/SCID mice immediately after surgery. The patient tumors were then harvested from NOD/SCID mice and passed orthotopically in nude mice. Eight weeks after orthotopic implantation of human colon cancer tumorgraft, a monoclonal anti-CEA antibody conjugated with Alexa 488 was delivered to tumor-bearing mice as a single intravenous dose 24 hours before laparotomy. Using fluorescence imaging, the primary tumor was clearly visible at laparotomy. The tumor was completely resected under fluorescence navigation. Histologic evaluation of the resected specimen revealed there were no cancer cells in the margin. The cancer cells were strongly stained by anti-CEA antibody conjugated with Alexa488. Fluorescence-guided surgery using a fluorophore-conjugated anti-CEA antibody should improve intraoperative staging and efficacy of resection for CEA-positive colorectal cancer. Citation Format: Yukihiko Hiroshima, Ali Maawy, Yong Zhang, Takashi Chishima, Kuniya Tanaka, Michael Bouvet, Itaru Endo, Robert M. Hoffman. Fluorescence-guided surgery for human-patient colon cancer tumorgrafts using a fluorophore-conjugated anti-CEA antibody. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 728. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-728
Molecular breast cancer prognosis in node negative early breast cancer.
Authors: M Schmidt, T Tramm, D Böhm, M Kyndi, H Lehr, J Alstner, H Kölbl, U Stropp, C von Törne, K Weber, G Hennig, M Gehrmann, J Overgaard
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #1071 Background: A number of molecular signatures have been published to aid breast cancer prognosis and therapy response prediction. However, most signatures rely on measurements of dozens of genes on an array platform. Here we report the identification and validation of a prognostic algorithm based on a small number of expressed genes reflecting dominant prognostic motifs like steroid hormone receptor expression, proliferation, matrix degradation and B-cell infiltration. The test is designed for mRNA extracted from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumour tissue (FFPE).&amp;#x2028; Materials and Methods: 200 fresh frozen tumours from node negative patients, who did not receive systemic therapy after surgery, were profiled on HG-U133a arrays. Primer and probes were designed for genes identified as prognostic relevant and used to profile the corresponding paired FFPE tumour tissue of our identification cohort by kinetic PCR. A genomic algorithm was constructed and tested in FFPE tumor tissue of an independent validation cohort of 240 node negative patients that remained untreated in the adjuvant setting.&amp;#x2028; Results: Based on the Prognostic-score of our algorithm we classified the patients of the validation cohort into three classes: low risk (25% of patients), intermediate risk (25%) and high risk (50%). The probability to die after having a recurrence within 10 years was 4.7% for the low risk group, 11.9% for the intermediate risk group and 33.1% for the high risk group. Kaplan Meier analysis revealed that the trend for survival (Logrank test for trend P = 0.0002) was highly significant. Adjuvant! Online calculated probabilities to die of cancer were also used to classify patients into three risk groups of comparable size (25/25/50 percent of patients). The observed risk was 9.1% in the low risk, 26.7% in the intermediate and 23.6% in the high risk group. The area under the ROC curve for Adjuvant! Online was 0.619 (95% CI, 0.52 to 0.718; P = 0.031) while for our algorithm it was 0.755 (95% CI, 0.6628 to 0.8473; P &amp;lt; 0.0001).&amp;#x2028; Discussion: We identified a prognostic algorithm for node negative breast cancer based on kinetic PCR analysis of FFPE tumor tissue. Validation in an independent cohort showed the ability of the algorithm to classify patients into clinically relevant risk classes. Preliminary analysis shows a better prognostic performance than current clinical guidelines. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1071.
AB0258 Cataract extraction (CE) and intraocular lens implantation (IOL) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Authors: A.A. Fathy, S.M. Rashad, Z.A. Selim, D.M. Elsebaity
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Inflammation caused by arthritis and long-term use of steroids such as prednisone contributes to the development of cataracts and a significant visual disability. Cataracts are commonly and very successfully treated with surgery. Risk factors for cataracts include posterior synechiae and longstanding ocular inflammation. Prevention of cataract development is crucial. However, not all preventive measures are successful, and further management consisting of medical and surgical techniques is often necessary. Various factors should be taken into consideration when deciding on cataract management, including timing of surgery and placement of an intraocular lens. Continued partnership between rheumatologists and ophthalmologists can help ensure favorable visual outcomes (Angeles-Han and Yeh, 2011). <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the influence of preoperative activity of RA on the extent of anterior chamber inflammation after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation (IOL). <h3>Methods</h3> Twenty seven RA (30 eyes) had CE with IOL implantation during a period of 2 years duration. Clinical, laboratory and ophthalmic assessments were done preoperatively and postoperatively at 3 days, one week and one month. The patients were given a comprehensive eye examination, including a visual acuity examination, test for anterior and posterior fragments, a slit lamp examination after pupil dilation, and a corneal examination. <h3>Results</h3> On the third postoperative day and one week postoperatively, anterior chamber inflammation was observed in all 30 eyes. One month postoperatively, inflammation was found in 14 eyes only. Three patients had fibrin deposition, elevated intraocular pressure and macular edema. Increased titer of rheumatoid factor was the most significant factor to determine the persistent aqueous inflammation in the anterior chamber. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Postoperative inflammation in RA patients can persist one month postoperatively. Rheumatoid factor may be a causative factor. Intraocular lens implantation in patients with control of preoperative and postoperative ocular inflammation could lead to favorable visual results. <h3>References</h3> Anqeles-Han S, and Yeh S: Prevention and Managment of Cataracts in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Uveitis. Curr Rheumatol Rep, 2011 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Blocking a bed
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1997)

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A long time ago, when the NHS was younger and quite a lot of things worked quite well, there were ways of getting things done. If a toilet was blocked you got a plumber. If a bed was blocked you got a geriatrician. In theory it was all quite simple, though it had to be said that our plumbing colleagues probably had a higher success rate.

It really was a long time ago. I was a locum registrar in geriatric medicine, back in my teaching hospital after a couple of years wandering, and the doctor on the phone who was upset about the blocked bed was new to me. He worked in the poisons unit. He too was a locum, one …

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Physical Activity, All-Cause Mortality, and Longevity of College Alumni
Authors: Ralph S. Paffenbarger, Robert Hyde, Alvin L. Wing, Chung-cheng Hsieh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We examined the physical activity and other life-style characteristics of 16,936 Harvard alumni, aged 35 to 74, for relations to rates of mortality from all causes and for influences on length of life. A total of 1413 alumni died during 12 to 16 years of follow-up (1962 to 1978). Exercise reported as walking, stair climbing, and sports play related inversely to total mortality, primarily to death due to cardiovascular or respiratory causes. Death rates declined steadily as energy expended on such activity increased from less than 500 to 3500 kcal per week, beyond which rates increased slightly. Rates were one quarter to one third lower among alumni expending 2000 or more kcal during exercise per week than among less active men. With or without consideration of hypertension, cigarette smoking, extremes or gains in body weight, or early parental death, alumni mortality rates were significantly lower among the physically active. Relative risks of death for individuals were highest among cigarette smokers and men with hypertension, and attributable risks in the community were highest among smokers and sedentary men. By the age of 80, the amount of additional life attributable to adequate exercise, as compared with sedentariness, was one to more than two years. (N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 605–13.)
Ebola in West Africa at One Year — From Ignorance to Fear to Roadblocks
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen, Edward W. Campion, Eric J. Rubin, Stephen Morrissey, Lindsey R. Baden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

It has been a year since the first case associated with the current Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa was identified and just over 8 months since we first started reporting on the outbreaks that stemmed from that patient in Guinea.1 Today's posts at NEJM.org include an anniversary update on the fight against Ebola virus disease (EVD).2 It is painfully clear that the world's initial handling of this dangerous outbreak was far from optimal, but we now appear to be making progress in the battle. This headway is evidenced by the observations that the rate of appearance of new cases . . .
Long-term control of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae at the scale of a large French multihospital institution: a nine-year experience, France, 2004 to 2012
Authors: S Fournier, C Monteil, M Lepainteur, C Richard, C Brun-Buisson, V Jarlier, collective AP-HP Outbreaks Control Group
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Association between High Levels of Expression of the TRK Gene and Favorable Outcome in Human Neuroblastoma
Authors: Akira Nakagawara, Miwako Arima-Nakagawara, Nancy J. Scavarda, Christopher G. Azar, Alan B. Cantor, Garrett M. Brodeur
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The nerve growth factor receptor is expressed in some neuroblastomas, in which its primary component is encoded by the TRK protooncogene. To determine the relation of the expression of TRK messenger RNA in neuroblastomas to other clinical and laboratory variables, we studied frozen tumor samples from 77 patients. In addition, we tested two primary neuroblastomas that expressed TRK for responsiveness to nerve growth factor.TRK expression strongly correlated with favorable tumor stage (I, II, and IVS vs. III and IV), younger age (< 1 year vs. > or = 1 year), normal N-myc copy number, and low level of N-myc expression. N-myc amplification (indicated by a high copy number) correlated with advanced tumor stage, older age, an adrenal site of the primary tumor, low level of expression of TRK, and high level of expression of N-myc. Analysis of five-year cumulative-survival rates demonstrated an association of a very favorable outcome with a high level of TRK expression (86 percent vs. 14 percent) and with normal N-myc copy number (84 percent vs. 0 percent). Univariate analysis showed that these two variables were the most powerful predictors of outcome (chi-square = 51.30, P < 0.001; and chi-square = 93.61, P < 0.001, respectively). TRK expression still had significant prognostic value when the analysis was restricted to tumors without N-myc amplification. In primary cultures of neuroblastoma cells expressing TRK, exposure to nerve growth factor induced early gene expression and neurite outgrowth, but deprivation of nerve growth factor led to neuronal cell death.A high level of expression of the TRK proto-oncogene in a neuroblastoma is strongly predictive of a favorable outcome. A tumor with a functional nerve growth factor receptor may be dependent on the neurotrophin nerve growth factor for survival and may regress in its absence, allowing a new approach to the treatment of certain patients with neuroblastoma.
VIRTUAL HISTOLOGY-INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND AND OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ASSESSMENT OF CULPRIT LESIONS BEFORE AND LESION COVERAGE AFTER ANGIOGRAPHICALLY-GUIDED STENT IMPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND NON-ST ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME UNDERGOING PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Blaz Mrevlje, Blaz Mrevlje, Jacek Legutko, Jacek Jakala, Marko Noc, Igor Kranjec, Lukasz Rzeszutko, Wojciech Zasada, Lukasz Partyka, Dariusz Dudek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
NONINVASIVE SYSTEMIC VASCULAR RESISTANCE AND CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES IN THE COMMUNITY: THE FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY
Authors: Chete Eze-Nliam, Meredith Stevenson, David McManus, Susan Cheng, Vasan Ramachandran, Nelson Schiller, Nisha Parikh, Connie Tsao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
THREE METHODS TO ASSESS GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATES: A COMPARISON OF RESULTS, METHODOLOGY AND COST EFFECTIVENESS
Authors: Dorothy L. Lindsay, Terri L. Rihela, Brian C. Lentle, Donald M. Lyster, Charles E. Reeve
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Lindsay, Dorothy L.; Rihela, Terri L.; Lentle, Brian C.; Lyster, Donald M.; Reeve, Charles E. Author Information
EVALUATION OF RADIOAEROSOL DELIVERY EFFICIENCY OF COMMERCIAL RADIOAEROSOL KITS.
Authors: P. Cutrera, R. Choi, W. G. Spies, S. M. Spies, A. M. Zimmer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Scientific Abstracts: Central Chapter, Society Of Nuclear Medicine, April 9-11, 1999, Cleveland Sheraton City Center Cleveland, Oh
P3-01-06: NF-kB Inhibition Promotes Radiosensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells in Three-Dimensional Culture through Abating b1-Integrin Expression.
Authors: KM Ahmed, H Zhang, CC Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Therapy-associated tumor resistance, giving rise to recurrence and mortality, is a critical issue in cancer therapy. The molecular mechanisms causing tumor resistnace to the therapeutic radiation remain elusive. Nuclear factor-KB (NF-KB), a stress-sensitive heterodimeric transcription factor in the regulation of the stress-responsive genes, has been shown to initiate prosurvival signaling pathways. The cooperative function of NF-KB with other key stress elements in radioresistance remains to be elucidated. We have previously reported that induction of α5β1-integrin is associated with the enhanced cell survival of breast cancer cells after exposure to high dose IR (ionizing radiation). Because a typical NF-KB binding site was located in human β1-integrin promoter region, β1-integrin-mediated resistance to radiation may be regulated by NF-KB. The aim of the present study was to reveal a connection between NF-KB and β1-integrin pathways in radioprotection of malignant T4-2 mammary epithelial cells in 3D ***lrECM (three-dimensional laminin-rich extracellular matrix). We show that the elevated NF-KB activity was correlated with enhanced clonogenic survival, and increased NF-KB heterodimer p50/p65 levels were associated with an increase in total and phosphorylated (Thr 788/789) β1-integrins. Inhibition of NF-KB activation significantly reduced clonogenic survival with the inhibition of β1-integrin. These results indicate that NF-KB-mediated induction of β1-integrin is associated with an increased radiation resistance. Treatment of T4-2 colonies, formed at day 4, with NF-KB activation inhibitor in 3D lrECM before exposure to IR (4-Gy X-ray) resulted in a reduction of the size of colonies. The surviving colonies were associated with a decrease in proliferation and increase in apoptosis, indicating a decrease of resistance to IR. Together, these results provide the first evidence that NF-KB-mediated β1-integrin expression is responsible for tumor radioresistance. The NF-KB/β1-integrin pathway may serve as an efficient drug target to re-sensitize radioresistant tumor cells. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-01-06.
Abstract 1610: Predicting NSCLC outcomes based on tumor growth in SCID mice
Authors: Mark W. Hennon, Bonnie Hylander, Carl Morrison, Austin Miller, Adrienne Groman, Elisabeth Dexter, Sai Yendamuri, Todd L. Demmy, Alex Adjei, Mary Reid, Elizabeth Repasky, Chukwumere Nwogu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background. Xenograft models of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in immunodeficient mice have played an important role in the study of new chemotherapeutic regimens, including targeted agents. We hypothesize that the success of human tumor implantation in severe combined immune-deficient (SCID) mice will correlate with the observed clinical outcomes in patients with resected NSCLC. Such growth in mice may reflect the aggressiveness of human tumors. Methods. 196 lung cancer specimens from 193 patients who underwent surgical resection of NSCLC from June 1995 to June 2010 were implanted subcutaneously in (SCID) mice. Mice were observed for a period of six months to assess the success of tumor implantation. This was determined by the growth of tumors from 2-3 mm to 10 mm in diameter. Overall and disease free survival in patients were reviewed and were correlated with tumor growth in SCID mice. Results. Median overall and disease free survival in patients with successful tumor implantation in SCID mice was 16.3 months and 4.2 months vs. 38.6 and 20.6 months for patients whose tumor did not grow (logrank p = 0.0039 and 0.0024 respectively.) Half of all patients whose tumor successfully grew in SCID mice recurred or died within twelve months. Conclusions. Success of tumor implantation in SCID correlates with worse clinical outcome in patients with NSCLC. This model can be expanded to evaluate the predicted response of specific tumors to novel chemotherapeutic or molecularly targeted agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1610. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1610
INCIDENCE AND PREDICTORS OF MULTIPLE CORONARY PLAQUE RUPTURES: A 3-VESSEL OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Rocco Vergallo, Tomonori Itoh, Jack W. Tan, Chong-Jin Kim, Shiro Uemura, Bo Yu, Yoshiyasu Minami, Tsunenari Soeda, Haibo Jia, Ik-Kyung Jang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Abstract LB-35: Site specific activation of AKT protects cells from death induced by glucose deprivation .
Authors: Meng Gao, Jiyong Liang, Yiling Lu, Huifang Guo, Peter German, Shanshan Bai, Eric Jonasch, Xingsheng Yang, Gordon B. Mills, Zhiyong Ding
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The serine/threonine kinase AKT is a key mediator of cancer cell survival. We demonstrate that transient glucose deprivation modestly induces AKT phosphorylation at both Thr308 and Ser473. In contrast, prolonged glucose deprivation induces selective AKT phosphorylation at Thr308 and phosphorylation of a distinct subset of AKT downstream targets leading to cell survival under metabolic stress. Glucose deprivation-induced AKT Thr308 phosphorylation is dependent on PDK1 and PI3K but not EGFR or IGF1R. Prolonged glucose-deprivation induces the formation of a complex of AKT, PDK1, and the GRP78 chaperone protein, directing phosphorylation of AKT at Thr308 but not Ser473. Our results reveal a novel mechanism of AKT activation under prolonged metabolic stress that protects cells from metabolic stress. The selective activation of AKT phosphorylation at Thr308 that occurs during prolonged nutrient deprivation may provide an unexpected opportunity for the development and implementation of drugs targeting cell metabolism and aberrant AKT signaling. Citation Format: Meng Gao, Jiyong Liang, Yiling Lu, Huifang Guo, Peter German, Shanshan Bai, Eric Jonasch, Xingsheng Yang, Gordon B. Mills, Zhiyong Ding. Site specific activation of AKT protects cells from death induced by glucose deprivation . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-35. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-35
Secondary aortoduodenal fistula in the duodenal bulb: role of side-viewing endoscopy
Authors: P. Billi, M. Bassi, C. Luigiano, F. Ferrara, S. Ghersi, M. Cirelli, N. D'Imperio
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Secondary aortoduodenal fistula is an uncommon but life-threatening complication of aortic reconstructive surgery [1]. Here we report on the diagnosis of an aortoduodenal fistula using an atypical endoscopic method.