tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Treatment Program for Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Ronald Liebman, Salvador Minuchin, Lester Baker
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

The use of behavior conditioning within the context of structural family therapy has proved effective in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. During the inpatient phase, a behavior paradigm made access to physical activity dependent on weight gain; in the outpatient phase, social activities on the weekend were made dependent on weight gain. The authors found that early direct involvement of the family promotes significant rapid weight gain, while continued involvement of the family in therapy during the outpatient phase facilitates the necessary restructuring of the family to prevent relapses.
Predictors of regional recurrences in breast cancer patients with negative sentinel node.
Authors: Akiko Matsumoto, Maiko Takahashi, Tetsu Hayashida, Hiromitsu Jinno, Yuko Kitagawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

51 Background: For patients with clinically node-negative, early-stage breast cancer, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has replaced axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) as a standard method for staging of regional lymph nodes. Regional recurrences after negative (SLNB) have generally been reported in the range of 0.5 to 2% and factors associated with regional recurrence in patients with negative SLNB are still to be elucidated. In this study, we evaluated regional recurrence rates and predictors of regional recurrences in patients with negative SLNB. Methods: Between January 2001 and December 2012, 1,322 patients with clinical node-negative invasive breast cancer less than 3cm underwent SLNB at Keio University Hospital. Of 1,322 patients with SLNB, 1,033 patients with negative SLNs were included in this study. Sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) were detected using a combined method of blue dye and small-sized technetium-99m-labeled tin colloid. Intraoperative frozen examination was performed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. SLNs, fixed and embedded in paraffin, were additionally diagnosed with HE staining and immunohistochemical analysis. Results: Median age was 57.0 years (range, 25-89) and median tumor size was 1.9cm (range, 0.5-6.0cm). After a median follow-up of 54.8 months, there were 13 regional (1.3%) and 26 distant recurrences (2.5%). Median disease-free interval of regional and distant recurrences was 32.6 and 22.7 months, respectively (p=0.761). Higher nuclear grade (NG) was significantly correlated with regional and distant recurrences (p=0.001 and p=0.008). The rate of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) was significantly higher in patients with regional recurrences comparing with patients without recurrences (58.3% vs. 27.6%, p=0.026), however LVI was not a significant predictor of distant recurrences (p=0.072). Estrogen receptor negativity was significantly correlated with distant recurrences (p=0.013), whereas it was not associated with regional recurrences (p=0.626). Conclusions: Regional recurrences were rare in early-stage breast cancer patients with negative SLNB. LVI and NG can be used as predictive factors of regional recurrences after negative SLNB.
Concurrent De Novo Myeloid Neoplasm and Plasma Cell Dyscrasia: A Clinicopathologic Study of 27 Cases
Authors: Haipeng Shao, Taiga Nishihori, Kenneth H. Shain, Rachid Baz, Melissa Alsina, Eric Padron, Jeffrey E. Lancet, Alan F List, Rami S Komrokji, Ling Zhang
Journal: Blood (2014)
Case 43-1988
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, T. Edward Bynum, Carolyn C. Compton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Presentation of CaseA 52-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of severe diarrhea and weight loss.He was well until nine weeks earlier, when there was the abrupt onset of explosive, watery diarrhea one day after he ate raw clams and oysters in a restaurant; a friend ate the same food and remained well. The patient passed approximately 15 watery stools daily, without blood or abdominal pain; diarrhea occurred at all hours of the day and night, and he experienced occasional abdominal discomfort and bloating, nausea, and vomiting. Six weeks before admission he consulted a gastroenterologist because of . . .
Pituitary 18F-FDG Uptake Correlates With Serum TSH Levels in Subjects With Diffuse Thyroid 18F-FDG Uptake
Authors: Yong Hyu Jeong, Dongwoo Kim, Jeong Won Lee, Yumie Rhee, Kee-Hyun Nam, Mijin Yun, Chun Ki Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

This study was to evaluate the relationship among FDG uptake in the pituitary gland (FDGp), FDG uptake in the thyroid gland (FDGt), and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in patients with diffuse FDGt incidentally noted on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT).We retrospectively reviewed FDG PET/CT scans of 2,945 subjects who underwent health screening. Of these, 44 subjects had diffuse FDGt and available thyroid function tests. FDGt and FDGp were correlated with serum TSH. FDGp in 44 paired control subjects without FDGt and 15 thyroid cancer patients undergoing thyroid hormone withdrawal were additionally measured, and compared with FDGp in the 44 subjects with FDGt divided into 3 groups according to serum TSH levels.In the 44 subjects, there was a strong correlation found between FDGp and TSH (P < 0.001, r = 0.618). As well, there were statistically significant differences in FDGp between the low, normal, and high TSH groups (P < 0.001). FDGp in the paired control subjects was not different from that in the normal TSH group (P = 0.384), and FDGp in the TSH-stimulated thyroid cancer patients was not different from that in the high TSH group (P = 0.463).We found a strong positive correlation between pituitary FDG uptake and serum TSH. Pituitary FDG uptake seems to hold an important clue to the functional status of the thyroid in subjects with diffuse thyroid FDG uptake. Furthermore, physiologic FDG uptake in the pituitary gland caused by hypothyroidism should not be confused with pathologic conditions such as macroadenoma or metastases.
Token programs in an acute psychiatric hospital
Authors: T J Crowley
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

The author has used individually prescribed token economies with about 5 percent of his acute psychiatric inpatients. Previous reports have dealt primarily with chronic patients. Case reviews indicated that patients chosen for these programs fell into four categories (which are illustrated by case histories): depressed complainers, apathetic and withdrawn patients, agitated psychotics, and impulsive, acting-out nonpsychotics. The author recommends techniques for patient selection, goal setting, and determination of reinforcers, and suggests that use of token programs may forestall the social breakdown syndrome in very disturbed patients.
The effect of dexamethasone on symptom burden in patients with advanced cancer.
Authors: S. Yennurajalingam, J. L. Palmer, J. M. Reuben, E. Bruera
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

TPS318 Background: Patients with advanced cancer experience severe physical and psychosocial symptoms (fatigue, pain, anorexia, and nausea) and this symptom burden reduces quality of life. The symptom expression is a multidimensional construct that results from different mechanisms of production and brain perception. Circulating cytokines (IL-6, IL-1b, TNF-alpha, IL-10, and IL-8) have been associated with fatigue, pain, anorexia, and nausea. There are limited treatment options to manage the overall symptom burden. Corticosteroids such as dexamethasone have been widely used in the treatment of fatigue, pain, anorexia, and nausea. But to date there are no well-powered placebo-controlled trials to draw definitive conclusions with regard to efficacy in management of these symptoms. In addition, not all assessment tools used were validated and there was no attempt to understand the pathophysiology using laboratory correlates. The objective of this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study is to compare the effect of dexamethasone versus placebo to study its effect on cancer-related symptom burden and the association of dexamethasone in reducing the inflammatory cytokine levels and thereby symptom burden using validated tools and laboratory correlates. Methods: Advanced cancer patients with fatigue, pain, nausea, or anorexia greater than ≥ 4/10 on the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS), normal cognition, no infections and hemoglobin ≥ 9 g are eligible for enrollment. 125 eligible patients are randomized to dexamethasone 4 mg orally two times a day for 14 days (primary end point) or matching placebo. On day 15, all patients receive dexamethasone 4 mg orally twice a day for 7 days, and then the dose of dexamethasone is tapered to 2 mg orally twice a day between days 22 to 28. All patients are off study on day 29. During the study period, patients will be assessed for the intensity of fatigue, pain, anorexia and nausea and other symptoms and toxicities. Patients undergo serial weekly assessments such as FACIT-F, cytokine levels (IL-1, IL-6, TNF- alpha,IL-10, IL-8, activated monocytes) and CRP levels. Current enrollment: To date 59 eligible patients with advanced cancer are enrolled. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Physostigmine and lithium response in the schizophrenias
Authors: P Edelstein, J R Schultz, J Hirschowitz, D R Kanter, D L Garver
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

Conflicting reports concerning cholinomimetic-induced reduction of schizophrenic symptoms prompted the authors to study such changes in schizophrenic symptoms following physostigmine infusions in subgroups of patients with schizophrenic-like illness. These subgroups were defined by the presence or absence of antipsychotic response during a 2-week trial of lithium alone after physostigmine infusion. Patients who showed significant but temporary improvement in their thinking disturbance on serial Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores following physostigmine infusion subsequently responded to lithium; patients who failed to improve following physostigmine also failed to respond to lithium. The authors suggest that some schizophrenic-like illnesses may be biologically similar to mania both with respect to physostigmine and lithium-induced changes in symptomatology.
First-Year Evaluation of Mexico’s Tax on Nonessential Energy-Dense Foods: An Observational Study
Authors: Carolina Batis, Juan A. Rivera, Barry M. Popkin, Lindsey Smith Taillie
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2016)

Background In an effort to prevent continued increases in obesity and diabetes, in January 2014, the Mexican government implemented an 8% tax on nonessential foods with energy density ≥275 kcal/100 g and a peso-per-liter tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Limited rigorous evaluations of food taxes exist worldwide. The objective of this study was to examine changes in volume of taxed and untaxed packaged food purchases in response to these taxes in the entire sample and stratified by socioeconomic status (SES). Methods and Findings This study uses data on household packaged food purchases representative of the Mexican urban population from The Nielsen Company’s Mexico Consumer Panel Services (CPS). We included 6,248 households that participated in the Nielsen CPS in at least 2 mo during 2012–2014; average household follow-up was 32.7 mo. We analyzed the volume of purchases of taxed and untaxed foods from January 2012 to December 2014, using a longitudinal, fixed-effects model that adjusted for preexisting trends to test whether the observed post-tax trend was significantly different from the one expected based on the pre-tax trend. We controlled for household characteristics and contextual factors like minimum salary and unemployment rate. The mean volume of purchases of taxed foods in 2014 changed by -25 g (95% confidence interval = -46, -11) per capita per month, or a 5.1% change beyond what would have been expected based on pre-tax (2012–2013) trends, with no corresponding change in purchases of untaxed foods. Low SES households purchased on average 10.2% less taxed foods than expected (-44 [–72, –16] g per capita per month); medium SES households purchased 5.8% less taxed foods than expected (-28 [–46, –11] g per capita per month), whereas high SES households’ purchases did not change. The main limitations of our findings are the inability to infer causality because the taxes were implemented at the national level (lack of control group), our sample is only representative of urban areas, we only have 2 y of data prior to the tax, and, as with any consumer panel survey, we did not capture all foods purchased by the household. Conclusions Household purchases of nonessential energy-dense foods declined in the first year after the implementation of Mexico’s SSB and nonessential foods taxes. Future studies should evaluate the impact of the taxes on overall energy intake, dietary quality, and food purchase patterns (see S1 Abstract in Spanish).
Clinicopathologic Features, Management and Outcomes of Blastoid Variant (BV) of Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL): A Nebraska Lymphoma Study Group (NLSG) Experience
Authors: Vijaya R. Bhatt, Fausto R. Loberiza, James O. Armitage, Timothy C. Greiner, Martin Bast, Matthew A. Lunning, Philip Bierman, Julie M. Vose, R. Gregory Bociek
Journal: Blood (2014)
Case 47-1967
Authors: Morris Ziff, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

Presentation of Case First admission. A fifty-seven-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of dyspnea and a chronic cough.Twenty-five years previously the onset of severe rheumatoid arthritis involving multiple joints required him to stop working. Thirteen years before entry an x-ray film of the chest (Fig. 1), taken because of a chronic cough, revealed a left-upper-lobe cavity, 2 cm in diameter, with surrounding reactive changes and a faint density in the right-upper-lung field. A tuberculin skin test and guinea-pig inoculation of specimens of sputum were positive for tuberculosis. He entered a sanatorium, where a left thoracoplasty was . . .
Health-related quality of life in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer comparing carboplatin and weekly paclitaxel doublet chemotherapy with monotherapy
Authors: Frédéric Fiteni, Amélie Anota, Franck Bonnetain, Jean-Philippe Oster, Eric Pichon, Marie Wislez, Jérôme Dauba, Didier Debieuvre, Pierre-Jean Souquet, Laurence Bigay-Game, Olivier Molinier, Eric Dansin, Michel Poudenx, Bernard Milleron, Franck Morin, Gérard Zalcman, Elisabeth Quoix, Virginie Westeel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

In the Intergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie Thoracique 0501 trial the carboplatin-paclitaxel chemotherapy increased toxicity (most frequent, decreased neutrophil count, asthenia). We longitudinally compared health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the two treatment arms. In total, 451 patients aged 70–89 years with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were randomly assigned to receive carboplatin plus paclitaxel or vinorelbine or gemcitabine. HRQoL was assessed by means of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 questionnaire at baseline, week 6 and week 18. Using a five-point decrease as the minimal clinically important difference, patients treated with the chemotherapy doublet exhibited a significant longer time until definitive deterioration (TUDD) for two HRQoL dimensions: physical functioning (median TUDD: 2.04 for the doublet versus 1.71 months for monotherapy; log-rank p=0.01) and nausea and vomiting (median: not reached versus 4.83, respectively; log-rank p=0.046). Cox multivariate analysis revealed the carboplatin and paclitaxel arm to be independently associated with longer TUDD for these two HRQoL dimensions. In addition, TUDD didn't significantly differ between the two arms for all the other HRQoL dimensions. The chemotherapy doublet did not reduce TUDD in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC. Moreover, TUDD was prolonged for two HRQoL dimensions, namely physical functioning and nausea and vomiting.
CD123-Engager T Cells as a Novel Immunotherapeutic for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Challice L Bonifant, Arpad Szoor, David Torres, Nicholos Joseph, Mireya Paulina Velasquez, Kota Iwahori, Amos Gaikwad, Phuong Nguyen, Caroline Arber, Xiao-Tong Song, Michele Redell, Stephen Gottschalk
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2016)

Immunotherapy with CD123-specific T-cell engager proteins or with T cells expressing CD123-specific chimeric antigen receptors is actively being pursued for acute myeloid leukemia. T cells secreting bispecific engager molecules (ENG-T cells) may present a promising alternative to these approaches. To evaluate therapeutic potential, we generated T cells to secrete CD123/CD3-bispecific engager molecules. CD123-ENG T cells recognized primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and cell lines in an antigen-dependent manner as judged by cytokine production and/or tumor killing, and redirected bystander T cells to AML cells. Infusion of CD123-ENG T cells resulted in regression of AML in xenograft models conferring a significant survival advantage of treated mice in comparison to mice that received control T cells. At high effector to target ratios, CD123-ENG T cells recognized normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with preferential recognition of HSPCs from cord blood compared to bone marrow. We therefore introduced the CD20 suicide gene that can be targeted in vivo with rituximab into CD123-ENG T cells. The expression of CD20 did not diminish the anti-AML activity of CD123-ENG T cells, but allowed for rituximab-mediated ENG-T cell elimination. Thus, ENG-T cells coexpressing CD20 suicide and CD123 engager molecules may present a promising immunotherapeutic approach for AML.
Phase II clinical trial of biomarker-directed therapy for localized pancreatic cancer.
Authors: Susan Tsai, Paul S. Ritch, Beth Erickson, Tracy R. Kelly, Edward Quebbeman, Douglas B. Evans, Alexander C. Mackinnon, Kathleen K. Christians
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

TPS4147 Background: Several candidate biomarkers exist for the common chemotherapeutic agents used to treat pancreatic cancer (PC) (Table). The predictive value of these markers in the treatment of PC has not been established. This is the first prospective clinical trial utilizing biomarker-directed therapy for localized pancreatic cancer. Methods: Patients with localized pancreatic cancer undergo endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) for confirmation of diagnosis and immunohistochemical profiling . Six biomarkers (STREET profile) were selected based on their relevance to accepted pancreatic chemotherapy regimens (table). The treatment algorithm selected for each individual patient is based on the clinical stage of resectability (resectable/borderline resectable) and the STREET profile results. Neoadjuvant therapy is followed by restaging (CT and serum Ca19-9) and in the absence of disease progression, patients undergo surgery. Post-surgical (adjuvant) therapy is determined by the STREET profile of the resected specimen. The primary endpoint is an increase in the rate of surgical resection 20% compared with historical controls treated with best available neoadjuvant therapy which was not biomarker-directed. Secondary endpoints include assessment of overall and progression-free survival, comparative STREET profiling of pre- and post-treatment specimens, and changes in radiographic response. Eligbility Criteria: Patients with resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic cancer undergo endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) for confirmation of diagnosis and immunohistochemical profiling. Enrollment: 26 of planned 100 patients have been enrolled. Clinical trial information: NCT01726582. [Table: see text]
Activation of tyrosine kinase c-Abl contributes to α-synuclein–induced neurodegeneration
Authors: Saurav Brahmachari, Preston Ge, Su Hyun Lee, Donghoon Kim, Senthilkumar S. Karuppagounder, Manoj Kumar, Xiaobo Mao, Joo Ho Shin, Yunjong Lee, Olga Pletnikova, Juan C. Troncoso, Valina L. Dawson, Ted M. Dawson, Han Seok Ko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

Aggregation of α-synuclein contributes to the formation of Lewy bodies and neurites, the pathologic hallmarks of Parkinson disease (PD) and α-synucleinopathies. Although a number of human mutations have been identified in familial PD, the mechanisms that promote α-synuclein accumulation and toxicity are poorly understood. Here, we report that hyperactivity of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl critically regulates α-synuclein-induced neuropathology. In mice expressing a human α-synucleinopathy-associated mutation (hA53Tα-syn mice), deletion of the gene encoding c-Abl reduced α-synuclein aggregation, neuropathology, and neurobehavioral deficits. Conversely, overexpression of constitutively active c-Abl in hA53Tα-syn mice accelerated α-synuclein aggregation, neuropathology, and neurobehavioral deficits. Moreover, c-Abl activation led to an age-dependent increase in phosphotyrosine 39 α-synuclein. In human postmortem samples, there was an accumulation of phosphotyrosine 39 α-synuclein in brain tissues and Lewy bodies of PD patients compared with age-matched controls. Furthermore, in vitro studies show that c-Abl phosphorylation of α-synuclein at tyrosine 39 enhances α-synuclein aggregation. Taken together, this work establishes a critical role for c-Abl in α-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration and demonstrates that selective inhibition of c-Abl may be neuroprotective. This study further indicates that phosphotyrosine 39 α-synuclein is a potential disease indicator for PD and related α-synucleinopathies.
Oscar Wendell Jordan
Authors: C Christopher Smith, Mike Ford
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Oscar Wendell Jordan was born in Barbados into a family for whom hard work, self improvement, and education were essential aims. His father was a highly respected chief inspector of public health and his mother a much loved school teacher. All four children attended the Lodge School, founded in 1745 by Sir Christopher Codrington, an antislavery advocate. From his arrival in September 1950 until he left for Edinburgh University in 1959, Oscar was recognised as a multitalented student, who represented the school at cricket (first 11 school captain), football, and athletics. A gifted guitarist and singer, he had a wide repertoire of humorous calypsos, with which he would entertain family and friends.

He won the prestigious Barbados …