tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tumor-Host Wasting Not Explained by Adrenal Hyperfunction in Tumor-Bearing Animals&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: G Svaninger, J Gelin, K Lundholm
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

This study addressed the question of whether hypercorticism in tumor-bearing animals contributes to the wasting of body fat and lean body mass, particularly that of skeletal muscles. For this purpose, hydrocortisone-substituted nongrowing sarcoma-bearing and control C57BL/6J mice were used that were either adrenalectomized or sham-operated prior to experimentation. Adrenalectomy in itself did not alter food intake or body composition in normal animals. Tumor-bearing mice and pair-weighed control animals had elevated urinary excretion of corticosteroids compared with the urinary excretion in freely fed controls. The malignant tumor induced the well-recognized wasting in tumor-bearing animals, irrespective of the presence of the adrenal glands. Therefore, an elevated corticosteroid production did not account for the wasting of body fat, lean body mass, skeletal muscle proteins, or decreased RNA activity in quadriceps muscles from tumor-bearing animals, although such muscles were sensitive to physiologic doses of injected hydrocortisone (20 μg/day). Tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) activity in liver tissue from tumorbearing animals was higher than that induced by pharmacologic doses of hydrocortisone in normal animals. Physiologic doses of hydrocortisone induced hepatic TAT activity, but pair-weighed control animals with the same degree of hypercorticism as was found in tumor-bearing animals had normal TAT activity in liver tissue. Although hypercorticism is present in tumor-bearing animals, the results demonstrate that cancer cachexia can start and proceed independently of the adrenal glands. Therefore, adrenal hyperfunction is not the proximate cause for the development of experimental cancer cachexia induced by anorexia.
MPTH-13ADULT MEDULLOBLASTOMAS: MOLECULAR SUBGROUPING AND CORRELATION WITH CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND EXPRESSION OF miR-379/miR-656 CLUSTER (C14MC)
Authors: Kavneet Kaur, Anupam Kumar, Aanchal Kakkar, Suvendu Purkait, Supriya Mallick, Vaishali Suri, Mehar C. Sharma, Pramod K. Jhulka, Deepak Gupta, Ashish Suri, Chitra Sarkar
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Medulloblastoma(MB) is a childhood tumor comprising of four molecular subgroups, viz. Wnt, Shh, group3 and group4, with therapeutic and prognostic connotations. Very few studies are available regarding molecular subgrouping of adult MBs. Recently, loss of chromosome 14q has been reported in ∼25% of Shh MBs with downregulation of some of the miRNAs of miR-379/miR-656 cluster (C14MC) located on 14q32.31 in pediatric Shh MBs. Hence, the present study was undertaken to (i)study the molecular subgrouping and clinicopathological characteristics of adult MBs (ii)analyze the expression of C14MC and its positive transcriptional regulator, MEF2 in Shh subgroup. Sixty adult (>18 years) MBs were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry for beta-catenin(Wnt), GAB-1(Shh) and YAP-1(both Wnt and Shh) was performed. In non-Wnt/Shh, c-Myc amplification was evaluated by FISH. Expression profiling of 47 miRNAs from C14MC was performed using customized Taqman low-density array microfluidic assay in 10 Shh MBs. Expression of MEF-2, was examined using RT-PCR. Wnt tumors constituted 3.3%, Shh 65%, and Non-Wnt/Shh 31.7%. C-Myc amplification was identified in 20% cases. As compared to paediatric tumors, adult MBs had male predominance and majority were located laterally(52%). Although classic was the commonest histological type(50%), a significant proportion were Desmoplastic/Nodular(35%), unlike in children, and MBEN was not seen. Shh was the predominant subgroup(65%) in contrast to NonWnt/Shh in children. Patient outcome was worse in adults(median PFS-1.5years). Significant downregulation of C14MC was observed in Shh MBs and MEF-2 expression was also downregulated. Thus, compared to childhood MBs, adult MBs are distinct in terms of tumor location, histopathology, distribution of molecular subgroups and clinical outcome. Silencing of C14MC in adult Shh MBs, similar to pediatric MBs, suggests its role as a tumor suppressor locus in Shh MB tumorigenesis. Deregulation of C14MC in Shh MBs can possibly be attributed to repression of transcription factor MEF2 and/or LOH of 14q.
Proton beam therapy is as effective as radiotherapy in childhood brain cancer but less toxic, study shows
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Proton beam therapy achieves similar survival to conventional radiotherapy in children with medulloblastoma and may be less toxic, a study has shown.1 A commentator said that it “sets a new benchmark for the treatment of paediatric medulloblastoma,”2 the most common childhood brain cancer.

This type of cancer is currently treated and frequently cured with surgery to remove the tumour, as well as photon radiotherapy and chemotherapy. But children are often left with significant side effects including hearing loss, neurocognitive and hormonal deficits, and damage to the heart, lungs, thyroid, and vertebrae. Proton beam therapy is more highly targeted than conventional photon radiotherapy and reduces the exposure of healthy tissue to radiation.

Researchers studied 59 children aged 3-21 years (median …
Early Aldosterone Blockade in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Farzin Beygui, Guillaume Cayla, Vincent Roule, François Roubille, Nicolas Delarche, Johanne Silvain, Eric Van Belle, Loic Belle, Michel Galinier, Pascal Motreff, Luc Cornillet, Jean-Philippe Collet, Alain Furber, Patrick Goldstein, Patrick Ecollan, Damien Legallois, Alain Lebon, Hélène Rousseau, Jacques Machecourt, Faiez Zannad, Eric Vicaut, Gilles Montalescot
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
A Controlled Trial of Fluconazole to Prevent Fungal Infections in Patients Undergoing Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Jesse L. Goodman, Drew J. Winston, Ronald A. Greenfield, Pranatharthi H. Chandrasekar, Barry Fox, Herbert Kaizer, Richard K. Shadduck, Thomas C. Shea, Patrick Stiff, David J. Friedman, William G. Powderly, Jeffrey L. Silber, Harold Horowitz, Alan Lichtin, Steven N. Wolff, Kenneth F. Mangan, Samuel M. Silver, Daniel Weisdorf, Winston G. Ho, Gene Gilbert, Donald Buell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Superficial and systemic fungal infections are a major problem among severely immunocompromised patients who undergo bone marrow transplantation. We performed a doubleblind, randomized, multicenter trial in which patients receiving bone marrow transplants were randomly assigned to receive placebo or fluconazole (400 mg daily). Fluconazole or placebo was administered prophylactically from the start of the conditioning regimen until the neutrophil count returned to 1000 per microliter, toxicity was suspected, or a systemic fungal infection was suspected or proved.
Axillary soft tissue metastases: A significant prognostic factor in breast carcinoma patients
Authors: R. Hui
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

808 Background: To clarify the prognostic factors in breast cancer patients with axillary soft tissue metastases. Methods: 620 connective breast carcinoma patients with modified redical mastectomy were involved in this study, axillary lymph nodes dissection including level I, level II and level III. At least 20 lymph nodes were found for pathology diagnosis in each case. The follow up rate was 99.7%(2/620). Results: 49.8% (309/620) of all the patients were local regional lymph nodes metastases, 29.8%(92/309) of them were axillary soft tissue metastases. The five year overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) of those with lymph nodes metastases were both 72.8% (158/217), respectively. OS and DFS of 10 years were 64.5% (140/217) and 62.2%, respectively. 5 and 10 years OS of the patients with both axillary lymph nodes and soft tissue metastases was 40.2% (37/92) and 27.1% (25/92) respectively,x2 was 29.5, 36.2, p=0.000. There were 84 cases with more than 10 lymph nodes metastases and level III lymph node metastases. Out of these 84 cases, there were 24 cases without soft tissue involved, 10 year OS was 20.8% (5/24); There were 35 cases with all three level axillary soft tissue metastases, the 10 year OS was 8.6% (3/35), x2 =0.93, p0.25. Statistical analysis showed that axillary soft tissue metastases correlated with survival negatively, r =-0.404, p=0.000. COX regression analysis showed that x2 =173.016, p=0.000, RR=2.055 (95%CI, 1.81∼2.321), demonstrating that cases with axillary soft tissue metastases have two time possibility of distant metastases and mortality comparing with the cases without axillary soft tissue metastases, x2 =104.638, p=0.000. The axillary soft tissue metastases is another independent prognostic factor comparing with the metastases level and number of the regional lymph nodes, x2 =185.169, p=0.000. Conclusions: Although the influence of axillary soft tissue metastases to the survival was weaker than that of level and number of local regional lymph nodes metastases, it still correlated with the survival period of breast carcinoma patients and was a significant prognostic and therapeutic index in breast cancer patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Erlotinib HCL for glioblastoma multiforme in first relapse, a phase II trial
Authors: A. Yung, J. Vredenburgh, T. Cloughesy, B. J. Klencke, P. S. Mischel, D. D. Bigner, K. Aldape, S. Vanderburg, M. Prados
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

1555 Background: Erlotinib HCL (Tarceva), an orally active, highly potent and selective inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (HER1/EGFR), has documented clinical activity in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (M Prados ASCO 02). GBM is an interesting target for EGFR inhibitors because of the high rate of EGFR gene amplification and activating mutations in EGFR (i.e. EGFRvIII). Methods: A multi-institutional phase II clinical trial of the single agent Tarceva was initiated in August 2003 for GBM patients with measurable disease in first relapse. Tarceva is metabolized by CYP3A4, therefore to ensure adequate exposure patients receiving enzyme-inducing anti-epileptic drugs (EIAED group) receive a higher starting dose (300mg/d), otherwise standard dose of 150mg/d was given (non-EIAED group) Individual dose titration until dose-limiting toxicity (diarrhea, rash, other) was allowed, from 150 to 200mg (non-EIAED group) or from 300 to 500mg in 50-mg increments (EIAED group). Results: Forty-eight subjects (19 female, 29 male) with a median age of 50 years (37–70) have been enrolled to date. 21 on concurrent EIAEDs; 27 received 150mg/d initially. 23 of the 48 subjects have been able to dose escalate at least once, 2 are now receiving 450 or 500mg, and 1 discontinued therapy on day 10 due to skin toxicity at their 300mg/d starting dose. Pharmacokinetic measurements are being obtained in this study. At week 8, 1 subject had a CR, 1 subject achieved PR (unconfirmed), 11 had stable disease (SD) although 4 of the SD subjects have subsequently progressed. To date, 27 patients have progressed and 1 is not evaluable. Gene amplification, as determined by FISH, has been seen in 16 of 30 subjects. Conclusions: These preliminary data suggest that erlotinib is active in recurrent GBM. Updated results, including the association between EGFR status, including gene amplification status, IHC expression, and EGFRvIII status, will be presented. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Genentech, Inc.
Case 14-2000
Authors: Daniel S. Shapiro, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Presentation of Case A 60-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of pneumonia. The patient had been well until 10 days earlier, when exertional dyspnea developed, with chills, fever, and night sweats. Two days later, his temperature rose to 40°C. Four days before being admitted to this hospital, he was admitted to another hospital, where a radiograph of the chest showed one area of consolidation in the left lower lobe, another area in the right upper lobe, and a small left pleural effusion. The white-cell count was 12,700 per cubic millimeter, with 60 percent neutrophils and 26 percent band . . .
Studies on an Attenuated Measles-Virus Vaccine
Authors: John F. Enders, Samuel L. Katz, Milan V. Milovanovic, Ann Holloway
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

IN the first seven reports of this series the development and mode of preparation of an avianized attenuated measles-virus vaccine together with observations on the clinical and immunologic responses induced by this vaccine in susceptible monkeys and children are described. This vaccine will be referred to as "measles vaccine (attenuated)." In a final communication the data obtained by the various investigators collaborating in these studies will be summarized and critically evaluated. Preliminary accounts of the first trial in children have been published.1 , 2 IntroductionNumerous attempts have been made to devise an effective and harmless means for the artificial induction in . . .
Hemodynamics in Symptomatic Atherosclerotic Vertebrobasilar Occlusive Disease—Reply
Authors: Fady T. Charbel, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Kinetics and Distribution of<sup>111</sup>Indium-Labeled Platelets in Patients with Homocystinuria
Authors: Robin L. Hill-Zobel, Reed E. Pyeritz, Ursula Scheffel, Oscar Malpica, Semra Engin, Edwaldo E. Camargo, Margaret Abbott, Tomas R. Guilarte, Janice Hill, Patricia A. McIntyre, Edmond A. Murphy, Min-Fu Tsan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Homocystinuria is an inborn error of metabolism involving a high incidence of thromboembolism. It sometimes improves with large doses of pyridoxine. We investigated the kinetics and distribution of 111Indoxine-labeled platelets in 11 normal volunteers and 12 patients with homocystinuria, none of whom had clinical evidence of acute thrombosis at the time of the study. Six of the patients were resistant to pyridoxine and had homocystinemia. There were no statistical differences in mean platelet-survival times between pyridoxine responders and nonresponders or between normal subjects and pyridoxine responders or nonresponders, regardless of whether a linear, exponential, or multiple-hit model was used to analyze the kinetic data. Plasma homocystine levels had no apparent effect on mean platelet-survival time. There was no abnormal accumulation of platelets in any of the patients, and the distribution of platelets in liver and spleen was similar to that in normal subjects. Our results suggest that the kinetics and distribution of platelets in patients with homocystinuria who have no clinical evidence of thromboembolism are normal. Thus, the data do not provide evidence for disordered platelet function or for an ongoing interaction of platelets with vessel walls in this condition.
Mechanism of Increased Renal Clearance of Amylase/Creatinine in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Steven G. Johnson, Carol J. Ellis, Michael D. Levitt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

We investigated three possible causes of the increased ratio of amylase/creatinine clearance observed in acute pancreatitis. The presence of rapidly cleared isoamylase was excluded by studies of serum and urine, which demonstrated no anomalous isoamylases. In pancreatitis, the ratios (±1 S.E.M.) of both pancreatic isoamylase (9.2±0.6 per cent) and salivary isoamylase (8.6±1.6 per cent) were significantly (P<0.01) elevated over respective control values (2.4±0.2 and 1.8±0.2 per cent). Increased glomerular permeability to amylase was excluded by the demonstration of normal renal clearance of dextrans. We tested tubular reabsorption of protein by measuring the renal clearance of β2-microglobulin, which is relatively freely filtered at the glomerulus and then avidly reabsorbed by the normal tubule. During acute pancreatitis the ratio of the renal clearance of β2-microglobulin to that of creatinine was 1.22±0.52 per cent, an 80-fold increase over normal (0.015±0.002 per cent), with a rapid return toward normal during convalescence. Presumably, this reversible renal tubular defect also reduces amylase reabsorption and accounts for the elevated renal clearance of amylase/creatinine observed in acute pancreatitis. (N Engl J Med 295:1214–1217, 1976)
Effects of exercise training on sleep apnoea in patients with coronary artery disease: a randomised trial
Authors: Monique Mendelson, Owen D. Lyons, Azadeh Yadollahi, Toru Inami, Paul Oh, T. Douglas Bradley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

Overnight fluid shift from the legs to the neck and lungs may contribute to the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and central sleep apnoea (CSA). We hypothesised that exercise training will decrease the severity of OSA and CSA in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) by decreasing daytime leg fluid accumulation and overnight rostral fluid shift.Patients with CAD and OSA or CSA (apnoea-hypopnoea index >15 events per h) were randomised to 4 weeks of aerobic exercise training or to a control group. Polysomnography, with measurement of leg, thoracic and neck fluid volumes and upper-airway cross-sectional area (UA-XSA) before and after sleep, was performed at baseline and follow-up.17 patients per group completed the study. Apnoea-hypopnoea index decreased significantly more in the exercise group than in the control group (31.1±12.9 to 20.5±9.4 versus 28.1±13.5 to 27.0±15.1 events per h, p=0.047), in association with a greater reduction in the overnight change in leg fluid volume (579±222 to 466±163 versus 453±164 to 434±141 mL, p=0.04) and by a significantly greater increase in the overnight change in UA-XSA in the exercise group (p=0.04).In patients with CAD and sleep apnoea, exercise training decreases sleep apnoea severity via attenuation of overnight fluid shift and an increase in UA-XSA.
NIMG-55USEFULNESS OF<sup>11</sup>C-METHIONINE POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY FOR THE MONITORING OF TREATMENT RESPONSE AND RECURRENCE IN PATIENT WITH MALIGNANT GLIOMA ON BEVACIZUMAB THERAPY: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Tomoyuki Nakano, Yoji Tanaka, Kaoru Tamura, Motoki Inaji, Shihori Hayashi, Tadashi Nariai, Kenji Ishii, Kiichi Ishiwata, Taketoshi Maehara
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BACKGROUND: Recent development in molecular targeted therapy such as bevacizumab has a therapeutic efficacy toward glioblastoma. However, it is difficult to define whether it is a tumor response or a non-enhancing tumor progression, when evaluated by conventional MRI after BEV. Here we presented a case of recurrent GBM, which 11C-methionine positron emission tomography (PET) provided useful information for tumor recurrence. CASE PRESENTATION: 47-year-old male with left frontal lobe glioblastoma was expressing recurrence after 6 months post-operation. We administered bevacizumab concomitant with temozolomide (TMZ), subsequent to gamma knife surgery. After three month from bevacizumab administration, complete remission, as assessed by RANO criteria, was obtained. 11C-methionine uptake on PET decreased gradually and it almost disappeared 3 months after initiation of bevacizumab. The enhanced area on MRI did not appear for 14 months after initiation of bevacizumab. Nevertheless, 11C-methionine PET revealed recurrence, which represented a non-enhancing tumor progression. CONCLUSION: 11C-methionine PET provides us useful information for detecting recurrence of glioblastoma, which lacks contrast-enhanced lesion on MRI after bevacizumab therapy.
Ceramide and Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) Induce cAMP Response Element Binding Protein Phosphorylation via Distinct Signaling Pathways While Having Opposite Effects on Myeloid Cell Survival
Authors: Michael P. Scheid, Ian N. Foltz, Peter R. Young, John W. Schrader, Vincent Duronio
Journal: Blood (1999)
MRI and FDG PET/CT Uncovered the Cause of a Paraneoplastic Leukemoid Reaction
Authors: Li Wang, Fugang Han, Ming Chen, Yue Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

An 18-year-old man with progressive headache and vomiting for 2 weeks had significantly elevated levels of WBC count, which kept on rising over time during in-hospital evaluation. Exhaustive examinations did not reveal infection or any other explanations of increased WBC count. Instead, brain MRI and FDG PET/CT identified a malignant lesion in the brain without abnormality elsewhere. The pathological examination revealed a rhabdoid meningioma. The level of the WBC counts returned to normal promptly after surgical resection of the tumor, which confirmed the diagnosis of paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction.
The Perpetual Challenge of Infectious Diseases
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

We did not suggest and would not agree that every patient with urinary tract infections, vesicoureteral reflux, and reflux nephropathy is a candidate for endoscopic cor-rection. Important variables include the patient’s age and sex, the duration and severity of vesico-ureteral reflux, the success of medical manage-ment, and the clinical course of the patient. The case vignette described a girl with persistent moderate vesicoureteral reflux and breakthrough pyelonephritis — a classic indication for surgical intervention.
Guidelines for the use of carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal cancer.
Authors: C D Atkins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1997.15.2.863 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 9053517 Guidelines for the use of carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal cancer. C D AtkinsxC D AtkinsSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1997.15.2.863 PDF "Guidelines for the use of carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal cancer.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 15(2), pp. 863–864© 1997 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Estimation of Beta-Glucuronidase Activity in Urinary-Tract Infection
Authors: A. P. Roberts, J. Frampton, S. M. M. Karim, R. W. Beard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE need for some diagnostic test to differentiate infection of the upper from that of the lower urinary tract is well recognized. Prockop and Davidson1 suggested that, since the kidney contains more lysozyme activity than any other tissue in the body, by measuring the increase in this activity it might be possible to pick out patients with renal disease. More recently Bank and Bailine2 reported that the activity of beta-glucuronidase, an enzyme concentrated in kidney lysosomes,3 was increased in the urine of patients with acute or chronic pyelonephritis as compared with those who had infections of the lower urinary tract. . . .