tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Can non invasive ventilation be effective without a dedicated service
Authors: Gareth Hardy, Sarah Jundi, Mel Rosemary, Tarek Saba
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  UK guidelines recommend that Non Invasive Ventilation (NIV) should be administered in a dedicated setting with specially trained staff [1]. Our institution is a large district general hospital serving a population of 330,000 in the North West of England. NIV is used on the admissions unit and respiratory wards. Despite very frequent use the service runs without recurrent funding, dedicated staff or educational program. The aim of our service evaluation was to establish whether our service is safe and effective.   Method:  We retrospectivly audited NIV treatment episodes between January - March 2009. If NIV was discontinued but restarted after 72 hours this was regarded as a new episode.   Results:  We identified 45 NIV treatment episodes, averaging 21.8 patient-hours a day. Our patient group comprised 14 female and 25 male patients, with a mean age of 73.1 yrs (range 56-93 yrs). The mean duration was 45 hours (range 5-158). 27 (60%) were diagnosed as a exacerbation of COPD, 13 as pneumonia (29%) and 4 (6%) as cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. 25 episodes (56.6%) had no treatment plan documented in case of failure of NIV (56.6% COPD, and 56.6% of non COPD). 10 patients (22%) died (33.3% of COPD patients, 14.8% of non COPD) and 1 (2.2%) was referred to ICU.   Conclusion:  Our mortality rate in COPD patients is comparable to a recent national audit [2]. However, there is evidence of less advance treatment planning and ICU referral.   References:   1National Institute of Clinical Excellence: Management of COPD in adults in primary and secondary care. Downloaded from http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG101 on 22/3/2010.  2Roberts C.M et al. Thorax 2011; 66(1):43-8.
Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Nabil S Zeineh, Gustav Eles
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

A 68-year-old woman presented with palpitations and was found to have frequent premature ventricular contractions and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. A left ventriculogram showed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with an apical variant; a video is available at NEJM.org.
Pathogenicity of a Viral Strain (RPL12) Causing Avian Visceral Lymphomatosis and Related Neoplasms. I. Nature of the Lesions
Authors: Gross, M. Adrian, Burmester, B. R., Walter, W. G.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1959)

Journal Article Pathogenicity of a Viral Strain (RPL12) Causing Avian Visceral Lymphomatosis and Related Neoplasms. I. Nature of the Lesions Get access M. Adrian Gross, M. Adrian Gross United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Regional Poultry Research Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. R. Burmester, B. R. Burmester United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Regional Poultry Research Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. G. Walter W. G. Walter United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Regional Poultry Research Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 22, Issue 1, January 1959, Pages 83–101, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/22.1.83 Published: 01 January 1959 Article history Received: 02 July 1958 Published: 01 January 1959
Airborne dust and high temperatures are risk factors for invasive bacterial disease
Authors: Jean-François Jusot, Daniel R. Neill, Elaine M. Waters, Mathieu Bangert, Marisol Collins, Laura Bricio Moreno, Katiellou G. Lawan, Mouhaiminou Moussa Moussa, Emma Dearing, Dean B. Everett, Jean-Marc Collard, Aras Kadioglu
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> The Sahel region of West Africa has the highest bacterial meningitis attack and case fatality rate in the world. The effect of climatic factors on patterns of invasive respiratory bacterial disease is not well documented. <h3>Objective</h3> We aimed to assess the link between climatic factors and occurrence of invasive respiratory bacterial disease in a Sahel region of Niger. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted daily disease surveillance and climatic monitoring over an 8-year period between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2010, in Niamey, Niger, to determine risk factors for bacterial meningitis and invasive bacterial disease. We investigated the mechanistic effects of these factors on <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> infection in mice. <h3>Results</h3> High temperatures and low visibility (resulting from high concentrations of airborne dust) were identified as significant risk factors for bacterial meningitis. Dust inhalation or exposure to high temperatures promoted progression of stable asymptomatic pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage to pneumonia and invasive disease. Dust exposure significantly reduced phagocyte-mediated bacterial killing, and exposure to high temperatures increased release of the key pneumococcal toxin pneumolysin through increased bacterial autolysis. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our findings show that climatic factors can have a substantial influence on infectious disease patterns, altering density of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage, reducing phagocytic killing, and resulting in increased inflammation and tissue damage and consequent invasiveness. Climatic surveillance should be used to forecast invasive bacterial disease epidemics, and simple control measures to reduce particulate inhalation might reduce the incidence of invasive bacterial disease in regions of the world exposed to high temperatures and increased airborne dust.
Progressive Abdominal Pain Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Abigail Zamora, Jason Chang, Kazuhide Matsushima
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

A 51-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a 2-day history of progressive abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting 6 weeks after gallbladder removal and 1 month after removal of a lost gallstone. What is your diagnosis?
Strategies for Health System Innovation After<i>Gobeille v Liberty Mutual Insurance Company</i>
Authors: Sean E. Bland, Jeffrey S. Crowley, Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Risk Factor Analysis Of Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation In Children
Authors: Hirozumi Sano, Ryoji Kobayashi, Akihiro Iguchi, Daisuke Suzuki, Kenji Kishimoto, Kazue Yasuda, Kunihiko Kobayashi
Journal: Blood (2013)
Whole Exome Sequencing Reveals the Landscape of Clonal Evolution from MDS to AML Progression
Authors: Taehyung Simon Kim, Zhaolei Zhang, Marc Tyndel, Jae-Sook Ahn, Yeo-Kyeoung Kim, Seung Hyun Choi, Hyeoung-Joon Kim, Moses Lee, Murim Choi, Jeffrey H. Lipton, Dennis Dong Hwan Kim
Journal: Blood (2015)
Outcome and Learning Curve in 159 Consecutive Patients Undergoing Total Laparoscopic Hemihepatectomy
Authors: Marcel J. van der Poel, Marc G. Besselink, Federica Cipriani, Thomas Armstrong, Arjun S. Takhar, Susan van Dieren, John N. Primrose, Neil W. Pearce, Mohammed Abu Hilal
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

Widespread implementation of laparoscopic hemihepatectomy is currently limited by its technical difficulty, paucity of training opportunities, and perceived long and harmful learning curve. Studies confirming the possibility of a short and safe learning curve for laparoscopic hemihepatectomy could potentially benefit the further implementation of the technique.To evaluate the extent and safety of the learning curve for laparoscopic hemihepatectomy.A prospectively collected single-center database containing all laparoscopic liver resections performed in our unit at the University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust between August 2003 and March 2015 was retrospectively reviewed; analyses were performed in December 2015. The study included 159 patients in whom a total laparoscopic right or left hemihepatectomy procedure was started (intention-to-treat analysis), including laparoscopic extended hemihepatectomies and hemihepatectomies with additional wedge resections, at a tertiary referral center specialized in laparoscopic hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery.Primary end points were clinically relevant complications (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥III). The presence of a learning curve effect was assessed with a risk-adjusted cumulative sum analysis.Of a total of 531 consecutive laparoscopic liver resections, 159 patients underwent total laparoscopic hemihepatectomy (105 right and 54 left). In a cohort with 67 men (42%), median age of 64 years (interquartile range [IQR], 51-73 years), and 110 resections (69%) for malignant lesions, the overall median operation time was 330 minutes (IQR, 270-391 minutes) and the median blood loss was 500 mL (IQR, 250-925 mL). Conversion to an open procedure occurred in 17 patients (11%). Clinically relevant complications occurred in 17 patients (11%), with 1% mortality (death within 90 days of surgery, n = 2). Comparison of outcomes over time showed a nonsignificant decrease in conversions (right: 14 [13%] and left: 3 [6%]), blood loss (right: 550 mL [IQR, 350-1150 mL] and left: 300 mL [IQR, 200-638 mL]), complications (right: 15 [14%] and left: 4 [7%]), and hospital stay (right: 5 days [IQR, 4-7 days] and left: 4 days [IQR, 3-5 days]). Risk-adjusted cumulative sum analysis demonstrated a learning curve of 55 laparoscopic hemihepatectomies for conversions.Total laparoscopic hemihepatectomy is a feasible and safe procedure with an acceptable learning curve for conversions. Focus should now shift to providing adequate training opportunities for centers interested in implementing this technique.
Monocyte Shift to a Non-Classical CD14dim/CD16+ Phenotype Correlates with Fetal Hemoglobin Levels in Sickle Cell Anemia Patients Treated with Hydroxyurea
Authors: Kleber Yotsumoto Fertrin, Dulcinéia Martins Albuquerque, Carolina Lanaro, Carla Fernanda Franco-Penteado, Flavia Rubia Pallis, Sara T. Olalla Saad, Fernando Ferreira Costa
Journal: Blood (2012)
Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the human papillomavirus 16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in women older than 25 years: 7-year follow-up of the phase 3, double-blind, randomised controlled VIVIANE study
Authors: Cosette M Wheeler, S Rachel Skinner, M Rowena Del Rosario-Raymundo, Suzanne M Garland, Archana Chatterjee, Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce, Jorge Salmerón, Shelly McNeil, Jack T Stapleton, Céline Bouchard, Mark G Martens, Deborah M Money, Swee Chong Quek, Barbara Romanowski, Carlos S Vallejos, Bram ter Harmsel, Vera Prilepskaya, Kah Leng Fong, Henry Kitchener, Galina Minkina, Yong Kuei Timothy Lim, Tanya Stoney, Nahida Chakhtoura, Margaret E Cruickshank, Alevtina Savicheva, Daniel Pereira da Silva, Murdo Ferguson, Anco C Molijn, Wim G V Quint, Karin Hardt, Dominique Descamps, Pemmaraju V Suryakiran, Naveen Karkada, Brecht Geeraerts, Gary Dubin, Frank Struyf
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2016)
Whole-exome sequencing and immune profiling of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma with fully annotated clinical follow-up
Authors: H Kadara, M Choi, J. Zhang, E.R. Parra, J. Rodriguez-Canales, S.G. Gaffney, Z. Zhao, C. Behrens, J. Fujimoto, C. Chow, Y. Yoo, N. Kalhor, C. Moran, D. Rimm, S. Swisher, D.L. Gibbons, J. Heymach, E. Kaftan, J.P. Townsend, T.J. Lynch, J. Schlessinger, J. Lee, R.P. Lifton, I.I. Wistuba, R.S. Herbst
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)

Lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) lead to the majority of deaths attributable to lung cancer. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and immune profiling analyses of a unique set of clinically annotated early-stage LUADs to better understand the pathogenesis of this disease and identify clinically relevant molecular markers.We performed WES of 108 paired stage I-III LUADs and normal lung tissues using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Ten immune markers (PD-L1, PD-1, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45ro, CD57, CD68, FOXP3 and Granzyme B) were profiled by imaging-based immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a subset of LUADs (n = 92). Associations among mutations, immune markers and clinicopathological variables were analyzed using ANOVA and Fisher's exact test. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for multivariate analysis of clinical outcome.LUADs in this cohort exhibited an average of 243 coding mutations. We identified 28 genes with significant enrichment for mutation. SETD2-mutated LUADs exhibited relatively poor recurrence- free survival (RFS) and mutations in STK11 and ATM were associated with poor RFS among KRAS-mutant tumors. EGFR, KEAP1 and PIK3CA mutations were predictive of poor response to adjuvant therapy. Immune marker analysis revealed that LUADs in smokers and with relatively high mutation burdens exhibited increased levels of immune markers. Analysis of immunophenotypes revealed that LUADs with STK11 mutations exhibited relatively low levels of infiltrating CD4+/CD8+ T-cells indicative of a muted immune response. Tumoral PD-L1 was significantly elevated in TP53 mutant LUADs whereas PIK3CA mutant LUADs exhibited markedly down-regulated PD-L1 expression. LUADs with TP53 or KEAP1 mutations displayed relatively increased CD57 and Granzyme B levels indicative of augmented natural killer (NK) cell infiltration.Our study highlights molecular and immune phenotypes that warrant further analysis for their roles in clinical outcomes and personalized immune-based therapy of LUAD.
Abstract P339: Glycemic Excursions and Cognitive Function in Older Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Andreea Rawlings, A. Richey Sharrett, Nisa Maruthur, Christina Parrinello, Casey Rebholz, Michael Steffes, Elizabeth Selvin
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: The association between glucose excursions and cognitive function in older adults with diabetes is not well described. 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a novel biomarker of hyperglycemic excursions. Low 1,5-AG levels reflect blood glucose concentrations exceeding the renal filtration threshold (~180 mg/dl) over the prior 1-2 weeks. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that glucose excursions, as measured by 1,5-AG, were associated with lower cognitive function in older adults with diabetes. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 2000 participants with diabetes from ARIC visit 5 (2011-2013). Diabetes was defined based on self-reported physician diagnosis, diabetes medication use, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. Eleven neuropsychological tests were summarized using Z scores and were grouped into three cognitive domains representing memory, executive function, and language; a global measure of cognitive function was also calculated by averaging and standardizing scores from all tests. 1,5-AG was dichotomized at 10 μg/mL, with values &lt;10 μg/mL reflecting glycemic excursions. Participants were categorized into one of four groups based on 1,5-AG categories and glycemic control (HbA1c &lt;7% vs ≥7%). We used linear regression and adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: The mean age of participants was 75 years, 57% were female, and 78% were white. For persons with HbA1c ≥7%, the adjusted differences in cognitive scores comparing 1,5-AG &lt;10 to 1,5-AG ≥10 ug/mL were significantly lower in all domains except memory (Figure). For persons with HbA1c &lt;7%, there were no significant differences in cognitive scores between 1,5-AG categories. Conclusions: Short-term glucose excursions are independently associated with lower cognitive scores in older adults with diabetes and with poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥7%). Prospective studies are needed to determine if targeting hyperglycemic excursions can improve cognitive function in older adults with diabetes.
Patient-reported outcomes in a randomized trial of everolimus with metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients
Authors: J. Beaumont, D. Cella, T. Hutson, S. Bracarda, V. Grünwald, J. Thompson, A. Ravaud, G. Urbanowitz, N. Hollaender, R. Motzer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e17516 Background: Patient-reported outcomes (PRO), including health-related quality of life (HRQL), were assessed in a Phase III trial of everolimus in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients. Methods: Patients with mRCC were randomized (n=416) to receive everolimus or placebo plus best supportive care. Patients completed the FACT-Kidney Symptom Index- Disease Related Symptoms (FKSI-DRS) and EORTC-QLQ C30 at baseline and monthly during treatment. Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) was also assessed at baseline and monthly during treatment. Primary analyses included time to deterioration defined as a decrease from baseline of at least 3 points for FKSI-DRS, at least 10% for EORTC Physical Function (PF) and Global Quality of Life (QL) scales, and at least 10 points for KPS. Secondary analyses considered tumor progressions that occurred prior to deterioration or censoring date as FKSI deterioration events and compared time to PRO deterioration by tumor progression. Comparisons were made using stratified log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Time to deterioration in KPS was longer in the everolimus arm, and time to deterioration in FKSI-DRS was slightly longer ( Table ). There was no difference in time to deterioration in PF or QL. Secondary analyses showed median time to deterioration in FKSI-DRS was approximately doubled for the everolimus arm compared to placebo, and patients who progressed experienced a more rapid deterioration in FKSI-DRS and QL scores. Conclusions: Compared to placebo everolimus delayed progression of disease-related symptoms and KPS. No effect on time to deterioration of PF or QL could be determined. Secondary analyses suggest a delay in deterioration in kidney cancer related symptoms via tumor control. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Bone Marrow WT1 Levels In Long-Term Survivors Of Core-Binding Factor AML and Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Josep F Nomdedeu, Montserrat Hoyos, Maite Carricondo, Elena Bussaglia, Maria-Concepcion Garcia-Dabrio, Isabel Badell, Camino Estivill, Ana Garrido, Clara Martinez, Salut Brunet, Anna Aventin, Jorge Sierra
Journal: Blood (2013)
Pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) results from a phase Ib study of pegylated hyaluronidase PH20 (PEGPH20) in combination with gemcitabine (Gem) in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Authors: William Proctor Harris, Sunil R. Hingorani, Joseph Thaddeus Beck, Boris A. Berdov, Stephanie Ann Wagner, Eduard M. Pshevlotsky, Sergei Tjulandin, Oleg Gladkov, Randall F. Holcombe, Ping Jiang, Daniel C. Maneval, Joy Zhu, Craig E. Devoe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e15005 Background: Enzymatic degradation of hyaluronan (HA) is a novel strategy to target the desmoplastic stroma of pancreatic cancer. PEGPH20, a pegylated form of recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20, is an investigational drug in clinical trials. Preclinical studies demonstrate that sustained HA removal by PEGPH20 inhibits tumor growth and enhances chemotherapeutic activity in HA-rich xenografts and genetically engineered mouse tumor models. Ph1 PEGPH20 monotherapy studies show increased tumor perfusion by DCE-MRI, metabolic partial responses by FDG-PET, and stromal remodeling in tumor biopsies from selected advanced cancer patients (pts). Methods: This was a dose-escalation study to find the recommended Ph2 dose of PEGPH20 in combination with Gem in pts with Stage IV previously untreated pancreatic cancer. Pts received Gem at 1000 mg/m 2 IV qwk for Wks 1-7 plus PEGPH20 at 1, 1.6, or 3 μg/kg IV twice a week for Wks 1-4 and qwk for Wks 5-7. Wk 8 was a rest week. Thereafter, PEGPH20 + Gem were given qwk for 3 wks in 4-wk cycles. Serial plasma samples were collected and hyaluronidase activity measured by an ultrasensitive assay to assess PEGPH20 exposure. Plasma HA catabolites were measured by quantitative HPLC to assess PD. Results: 28 pts were enrolled. Plasma PEGPH20 concentrations were proportional to dose, and kinetics were well-characterized by a 2-compartment PK model. Estimates for clearance (0.5-2 mL/hr/kg) were consistent with long t 1/2 (1-2 days) previously seen with single-dose PEGPH20 monotherapy. Wks 1 and 4 PK profiles were similar, suggesting no changes to PEGPH20 clearance mechanisms after multiple doses or effects of Gem on PEGPH20 exposure. Most pretreatment plasma HA levels were &lt;1 μg/mL and increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner after dosing. Circulating HA concentration was &gt;500 µg/mL in several pts given 3 μg/kg PEGPH20. Conclusions: PEGPH20 plasma levels can be predicted using a linear PK model and circulating HA catabolites can be used as a quantitative measure of PEGPH20 PD. Results are consistent with the mechanism of action of hyaluronidase and support further study of PEGPH20 with anticancer agents. Clinical trial information: NCT01453153.
Psychosocial concomitants of biological maturation in preadolescence
Authors: R A Frank, D J Cohen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

The authors studied 8 sets of healthy twins, ranging in physical maturity from prepubertal to late pubertal, and their parents to assess psychological changes in early adolescence. Interview and questionnaire data suggested that self-doubt, avoidance of responsiblity, resentment of parents, and anxiety about social relationships peaked in early puberty; emotional upset peaked in early puberty to mid-puberty. The results support a hypothesis of phase-specific psychosocial regression correlated with the biological onset of puberty. Children in all pubertal stages were shifting their interests away from parents and toward peers.
Wearable Biosensors Studied for Clinical Monitoring and Treatment
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal