tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The endoscopic diagnosis and treatments of 44 cases of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor
Authors: Tianming Cheng, Yahua Chen, Yang Bai, Fachao Zhi, Side Liu, Cunlong Chen, Deshou Pan, Dan Zhou, Wen Guo, Bing Xiao, Bo Jiang
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Objective: To study the endoscopic features and treatment of gastrointestinal carcinoids. Methods: Data of 44 gastrointestinal carcinoid patients from 2002 to 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. And the clinical manifestation, endoscopic diagnosis, endoscopic treatment and prognosis were summarized. Results: The main symptoms were abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, bloody stool and no any symptoms. Most of the lesions were elevated lesions with normal mucosal appearance. The pit patterns of them were pit I. Some big lesions were like polyps with the pit III. Seldom are malignant carcinoids with the pit V. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)were performed in 29 patients and all the lesions were presented as submucosal hypoechoic masses. Most of them were homogeneous echo and distinct border on Endoscopic ultrasonography. Twelve patients accepted endoscopic fulguration with high frequency current (FHFC) and 32 patients accepted endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). 1 patient accepted supplemental local resection. During the follow-up visit of 3 months -5 years, none positive for recurrent tumor. Conclusion: Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors lack of characteristic features of clinical symptoms, diagnosis depends on endoscopy and pathology. The pit patterns of them were pit I and pit III. Malignant carcinoids were pit V. For lesion less then 1cm, the FHFC and EMR were safe and effective procedure to treat them. If the lesion >1cm and the muscle layer were no infiltration, the EMR is the best method to treat them.
PTH-028 Analysis Of Quality Outcomes Following Changing Bowel Preparation For Colonoscopy From Picolax To Moviprep In Nhs Lothian
Authors: CL Noble, NI Church, AG Shand, CW Lees, H Brodie, G Greenhill, N Kennedy
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Using our global rating scale data from 2010 we observed that the quality of preparation for colonoscopy using Moviprep was superior to Picolax. Given this and the National patient safety alert issued in 2009 regarding bowel preparation <sup>1</sup>, we decided to change the default bowel preparation from Picolax to Moviprep in NHS Lothian in 2012. <h3>Methods</h3> The aim of this study was to prospectively audit the quality of Moviprep and Picolax preparation for colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy during two 3 month periods-before (March-May 2012, period 1) and after (November-January 2013, period 2) Moviprep was changed to the default preparation in NHS Lothian for colonoscopy. All patients who attended the Western General Hospital for colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy during the two periods were included. Cost effective analysis was also undertaken. <h3>Results</h3> 1418 Colonoscopies and flexible sigmoidoscopies were carried out during period 1 and 1234 were carried out during period 2. 454 (32%) of the colonoscopies were carried out using Moviprep in period 1 and 973 (79%) in period 2. Poor quality preparation was significantly more common with Picolax preparation when compared to Moviprep in both period 1: 12 vs. 7% (p = 0.0037) and period 2: 13% vs. 5% (p &lt; 0.0001). Repeat endoscopic procedures and completion imaging due to poor preparation fell from 44 (3.1%) in period 1 to 21 (1.7%)(p = 0.03) in period 2 following the change in default preparation to Moviprep. The estimated annual savings on repeat procedures and completion imaging across NHS Lothian of £89 000 offset the increased cost of Moviprep (£8.60 per patient vs. £3.65 for Picolax) of £23 265 annually. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Changing to Moviprep as the default preparation for colonoscopy in NHS Lothian has resulted in significantly better quality bowel preparation. Furthermore fewer repeat procedures have been required resulting in more efficient use of scarce capacity and cost savings. <h3>Reference</h3> 1 http://www.nrls.npsa.nhs.uk/resources/?entryid45=59869 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
CS-09 * RTVP-1 PROMOTES THE MESENCHYMAL TRANSFORMATION OF GLIOMA STEM CELLS VIA THE CXCR4 AND IL-6 PATHWAYS
Authors: N. Giladi, H. K. Lee, S. Finniss, S. Cazacu, C. Xiang, L. Poisson, T. Mikkelsen, A. Ziv-Av, C. Brodie
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive primary brain tumors, are categorized into the major subgroups: proneural, neural, classical and mesenchymal, the latter being characterized by increased invasion and poor prognosis. We recently identified RTVP-1 as a glioma-associated protein that regulates glioma cell migration and invasion. Using ChiP analyses, we found that the RTVP-1 promoter binds STAT3 and C/EBPbeta, the two master transcription factors that regulate mesenchymal transformation of GBM. Analysis of TCGA tumor specimens demonstrated that the expression of RTVP-1 was higher in the mesenchymal GBM and was inversely correlated with patient survival. We further found that RTVP-1 was expressed in glioma stem cells (GSCs) but not in human neural stem cells (NSCs). Overexpression of RTVP-1 in NSCs induced their mesenchymal transformation, whereas silencing of RTVP-1 in GSCs decreased their mesenchymal signature, increased their neural phenotypes and inhibited the self renewal and stemness of these cells. Silencing of RTVP-1 also decreased tumor volume of GSC-derived xenografts and increased animal survival. Using gene array analysis of RTVP-1 silenced cells we identified IL-6 and CXCR4 as major mediators of RTVP-1 effects on the mesenchymal transformation and self-renewal of GSCs. Using a pull down assay with His-tagged RTVP-1 and FRET analysis, we identified HSP27, N-WASP and hnRNPK as novel interacting proteins of RTVP-1, that mediate its effects on GSC migration and invadopodia formation. In summary, RTVP-1 expression is regulated by STAT3 and CEBPbeta and is promoting the mesenchymal transformation of GSCs. RTVP-1 induces self-renewal and migration of GSCs by the increased expression of IL-6 and CXCR4 and via its interaction with N-WASP, hnRNPK and HSP27. The upregulation of IL-6 by RTVP-1 acts in a positive feedback loop to further increase RTVP-1 expression by activating the STAT3 pathway. Collectively, these results implicate RTVP-1 as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target in GBM.
Smoke Alarm — Tobacco Control Remains Paramount
Authors: Graham A. Colditz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Behavioral patterns have been identified as the leading determinant of preventable death — with smoking the dominant behavioral cause of premature death.1 Smokers die, on average, more than a decade before nonsmokers.2 Years of healthy life are lost because smoking also decreases quality of life, lowers productivity in the workplace, and leads to many chronic conditions and their associated health care costs.3 The burden of smoking is thoroughly documented by reports from the U.S. Surgeon General. Nevertheless, the study by Carter et al. in this issue of the Journal, which followed more than 900,000 men and women and recorded more . . .
Abstract SY10-01: Whole genome sequencing and analysis in a clinical trial setting: Aromatase inhibitor therapy in breast cancer
Authors: Elaine Mardis
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract We have applied the use of next-generation sequencing of whole genomes in fifty matched pretreatment tumor core biopsy specimens and blood normals resulting from a clinical trial of aromatase inhibitor therapy, from the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG) Z1031 study. We also have studied the whole genomes of the post-treatment samples obtained from surgical resection, for additional comparison. We used additional accrued samples from this clinical trial to extend our findings. I will present our analysis of these data, including significantly mutated genes and pathways, the impact of aromatase inhibitor therapy on genomic heterogeneity, and integrated analyses to reveal a genomic signature predictive of aromatase inhibitor response. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY10-01. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-SY10-01
SP0254 Shared Decision Making and How it Makes a Difference on Outcomes for All
Authors: K. Gadsby
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Shared decision making is defined as an approach where clinicians and patients share the best available evidence when faced with the task of making decisions, and where patients are supported to consider options, to achieve informed preferences. The aim of this session is to introduce the audience to the concept of shared decision making and how it relates to and enhances self management for a patient. It explores and differentiates how shared decision making is different from informed decision making and patient education. It also discusses the evidence as to whether shared decision making can benefit patients and their carers, clinicians and health care organisations in improving outcomes. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> K. Gadsby Employee of: Abbvie
THU0323 Basal Fmri Differences between Milnacipran Responders and Non-Responder in Fibromyalgia
Authors: S.-H. Kim, K. Geun-Tae, S. Lee, M.J. Kang, C.W. Mun
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> There were comparison studies of regional cerebral blood flow between the responder group and the poor responder group to gabapentin and pregabalin in fibromyalgia (FM). Other brain imaging studies, such as positron emission tomography and fMRI, were needed to clarify the pathophysiology of FM and the characteristics of responders to gabapentin or pregabalin treatment. <h3>Objectives</h3> We studied basal fMRI differences between milnacipran responders and non-responder in patients with FM. <h3>Methods</h3> This research included 20 FM patients and 11 normal persons. We selected only females who were age and education level-matched in both groups to avoid bias. Tests were divided into clinical evaluation and fMRI imaging. Clinical evaluation was accomplished by principal investigator (rheumatology doctor) and included Korean fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (KFIQ), brief fatigue inventory (BFI), disease duration, widespread pain index (WPI), state anxiety inventory (SAI), and trait anxiety inventory (TAI). Changes in cerebral activation area were measured using BOLD contrast fMRI after application of both medium and high pressure stimuli to the left thumbnail bed. <h3>Results</h3> After treatment with milnacipran, 10 patients were considered 9responders9, with decrease in pain of greater than 50% as evaluated by visual analogue scale. The remaining 10 patients were considered 9poor responders9. The results showed that there were more increased activities in left insula and right inferior frontal gyrus of responder group in response to high pressure stimuli (p&lt;0.05) and in anterior cingulate and left cingulate gyrus of non-responder group in response to high pressure stimuli (p&lt;0.005). <h3>Conclusions</h3> These regions can be susceptible to pain perception in these milnacipran treated FM patients. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> : None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3104
ACUTE PROCEDURAL SUCCESS IN PERCUTANEOUS MITRAL PARAVALVULAR LEAK CLOSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVED LONG-TERM SURVIVAL
Authors: Mohammad Sarraf, Mohamad Alkhouli, Elad Maor, Chad Zack, Mackram Eleid, Joseph Maalouf, Donald Hagler, Allison Cabalka, Guy Reeder, Rick Nishimura, Charanjit Rihal
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Scintigraphic Intervention in a Lung Scan Confirming a Large Hiatal Hernia
Authors: RATHNAKARA M. SHERIGAR, DAVID A. BADER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Lung imaging was performed in a woman with acute chest pain, respiratory distress, and low oxygen saturation. A Tc-99m DTPA aerosolized ventilation scan revealed diffusely decreased ventilation involving a large area in the posterior right lower lobe. Perfusion lung imaging with Tc-99m MAA showed nearly absent perfusion in the same region. The chest radiograph suggested a large hiatal hernia. The patient was given oral pertechnetate and images were repeated in the same projections. A hiatal hernia was confirmed by image subtraction. Hiatal hernia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a matching abnormality at the lung base.
THE FIRST TRAVELING PSYCHIATRIC CLINIC IN QUEBEC
Authors: GEORGE E. REED, A. SILVER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

The first year of operation of a traveling mental health clinic functioning as part of a mental hospital service, with emphasis on treatment and preventive psychiatry, is described. Close liaison with the local medical profession and new techniques of therapy are referred to and recommended. The results of this pilot project, attempting to serve a large area at a considerable distance from the clinic headquarters, auger well for its successful operation in smaller communities nearby. The clinic appears to be a useful and fitting extension of a mental hospital service because of the efficient therapeutic aids now available.
Tau Expression and Efficacy of Paclitaxel Treatment in Metastatic Breast Cancer.
Authors: S. Tanaka, T. Nohara, M. Iwamoto, K. Sumiyoshi, K. Kimura, Y. Takahashi, N. Tanigawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Paclitaxel is widely used for the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC), such as in anthracycline-based combinations as a first-line chemotherapy. Although several mechanisms of paclitaxel resistance have been demonstrated, useful markers of paclitaxel resistance have not been available in clinical practice. A recent study revealed that low tau expression in cases of early breast cancer can predict susceptibility to paclitaxel administration in neoadjuvant therapy.Methods: In this study, the clinical significance of tau expression in MBC cases was established by identifying candidates with paclitaxel administration. Tissue specimens obtained from 35 patients who had received neither chemotherapy nor radiotherapy before surgery were examined. Status of tau expression was determined by immunohistochemistry.Results: Based on a previously reported classification scheme, 15 cases were classified as tau-negative (0, 1+) and 20 cases were classified as tau-positive (2+, 3+).Nine (60%) of 15 cases with tau-negative expression showed favorable response. Conversely, 17 (85%) of 20 cases with tau-positive expression showed progressive or stable disease after paclitaxel administration.Table 1 Relationship between tau expression and response to paclitaxel nNumber of responses (%)PTaunegative159 (60%) positive203 (15%)0.01 Time to disease progression in tau-negative and tau-positive groups was 9.4 ± 6.6 months and 6.0 ± 3.7 months, respectively. Although no significant differences were apparent, this period tended to be longer in the tau-negative group.Discussion: Patients with tau-positive expression may derive less benefit than tau-negative from paclitaxel therapy in MBC. This suggests that tau expression could be used at diagnosis to select patients for whom paclitaxel treatment is likely to be of most benefit. However, this study has some clear limitations in terms of the modest sample size and the heterogeneity of eligible patients (e.g., different numbers and regimens for adjuvant and MBC chemotherapy). Many more cases must be examined before tau expression can be applied to practical clinical treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1138.
A Phase 1 Open-Label Study Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Enzalutamide Alone or Combined with an Aromatase Inhibitor in Women with Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: T.A. Traina, D.A. Yardley, M.R. Patel, L.S. Schwartzberg, A. Elias, A. Gucalp, M.E. Blaney, J. Gibbons, C.A. Hudis, P. LoRusso
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
AB1055 Epidemiology of Polymyalgia Rheumatica in South Korea
Authors: I.Y. Kim, H.-S. Cha, G.H. Seo, E.-M. Koh, J. Kim, J. Lee, H. Kim, H. Jeong
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting people older than 50 years. Diagnosis is made based on clinical features and the current standard of treatment is low-dose glucocorticoids. PMR is known to be more frequent in Caucasian ethnicity and females. But up to date, there has been a scant epidemiologic study of PMR in Asian countries including Korea. <h3>Objectives</h3> We aimed to estimate incidence and prevalence rates of PMR and current treatment state in Korea. <h3>Methods</h3> We performed nationwide retrospective review of PMR using the Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) and Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) database from 2007 to 2012. NHI is the sole public medical insurance system in Korea, which covers 100% of the Korean population and HIRA is a government incorporated organization to build an accurate claims review and quality assessment system for the NHI. We defined PMR cases by both diagnostic codes and medication codes simultaneously, in other words, by proper ICD code (M 35.3) and concurrent appropriate prescription codes (glucocorticoids). <h3>Results</h3> We identified total 1,463 newly diagnosed cases of PMR for the 5 years. The annual incidence rate of PMR per 100,000 Korean individuals was estimated as 2.06 (1.45 in male, 2.59 in female), and the prevalence rate was 8.21 per 100,000 individuals in 2012 (5.60 in male, 10.42 in female). Among the 1,463 cases, 992 (67.8%) were female and 471 (32.2%) were male and the median age at the time of diagnosis was 67 years old. The incidence rate according to age appeared to increase with advancing age peaking 70 years old, as similar as previous reports of western studies. The most frequently prescribed agent was prednisolone, and the starting daily dosage of glucocorticoids as prednisolone equivalent was between 5 to 15 mg daily in 74.5% of the patients. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This is the first study that evaluated epidemiologic data of PMR in Korea, and included population was the largest among those of studies published in East Asia so far. The incidence and prevalence rates of PMR are estimated considerably lower than that of Western populations. And this result supports that both genetic and environmental factor would play important roles in pathogenesis of PMR. <h3>References</h3> Doran, M.F., et al., Trends in the incidence of polymyalgia rheumatica over a 30 year period in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA. J Rheumatol, 2002. 29(8): p. 1694-7 Gonzalez-Gay, M.A., et al., Epidemiology of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Arthritis Rheum, 2009. 61(10): p. 1454-61. Kermani, T.A. and K.J. Warrington, Polymyalgia rheumatica. The Lancet, 2013. 381(9860): p. 63-72. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3236
Abstract 1638: Potent anticancer actions of the Hsp90 inhibitor STA-9090 in wild-type EGFR models of lung cancer
Authors: Jaime Acquaviva, Jim Sang, Manuel Sequeira, Donald Smith, Chaohua Zhang, Christine Lovly, Yumiko Wada, Ronald K. Blackman, David A. Proia
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease that can be sub-classified based on the specific alterations in oncogenes that drive it. While EGFR and KRAS are most often implicated in the molecular epidemiology of NSCLC, aberrations in several other genes have been shown to contribute to oncogenesis. These include mutation and/or amplification of MET, mutation in BRAF or chromosomal rearrangements involving ALK. Targeted therapy against these kinases has shown signs of therapeutic success; however, acquired drug resistance universally develops. Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that mediates the post-translational stability of its protein substrates, many of which are validated oncogenes. Hsp90 is emerging as an important target in cancer therapy because its inactivation results in the abrogation of multiple signaling pathways simultaneously, irrespective of the mutational status of its substrate. STA-9090 is a second-generation, synthetic, small-molecule Hsp90 inhibitor that has shown potent and selective activity preclinically and is currently in Phase 2 trials in a number of indications. We show here that in the presence of STA-9090, upregulation of the MET pathway, either through transient stimulation by its ligand, HGF, or through amplification of MET itself, is incapable of maintaining survival in EGFR-inhibitor-resistant NSCLC. To identify additional genetic lesions sensitive to Hsp90 inhibition, we screened a panel of wild-type EGFR NSCLC cell lines for viability in the presence of STA-9090. All the cell lines assayed, driven by mutations in genes such as PDGFRα, BRAF, PI3K and EML4-ALK or amplification of wild-type EGFR, were sensitive to STA-9090, with IC50 values between 10 and 150 nM. Further analysis demonstrated that STA-9090 potently destabilized the oncogenic driver for each cell line. In vivo, STA-9090 showed strong single-agent activity in xenograft models of human NSCLC carrying either a BRAF mutation or EML4-ALK fusion, in accordance with the sensitivity of these client proteins to the effects of STA-9090 action. Inhibition of Hsp90 activity therefore presents a promising approach for combating NSCLC induced by mutations in genes other than EGFR, as well as by compensatory pathways upregulated in the context of EGFR-inhibitor resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1638. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1638
Intussusception after Gastric Surgery
Authors: K. Kim, M. Jang, H. Kim, J. Lee, J. Lee, J. Park, J. Lee, H. Kim, J. Yoo, S. Joo, C. Choi
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Intussusception following gastric surgery is a rare postoperative complication. It may develop in clinical situations following gastroenterostomy, Billroth II gastric surgery with or without Braun anastomosis, or Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy. The patients may present with either an acute surgical emergency or with a chronic, relapsing form. The mortality may be up to 50 % in these cases if not treated appropriately, but little is known about the mechanism underlying the condition. Early diagnosis with a high index of suspicion and prompt treatment of the acute form are therefore important. Surgical reduction with laparotomy is mandatory, although definitive corrective and preventative measures have not yet been established.
Hybrid NOTES laparoscopic anterior resection in women and men
Authors: S Lamm, A Zerz
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Objective of the study: The NOTES hype of the last few years did not lead to any adoptions in daily routine with the exception of the hybrid NOTES cholecystectomy which has become a standard procedure in several institutions. In our opinion the rigid hybrid NOTES technique is the perfect tool to convert laparoscopically assisted operations into totally laparoscopic procedures, avoiding the need of a minilaparotomy.