tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Should the Bee Suck Honey or Lard?: That is the question
Authors: Aaron I Vinik, Thomas J Lauterio, Rena R Wing
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

Of all the nonpharmacologic endeavors available to diabetic patients to mitigate the complications of diabetes, none has as profound an effect as nutritional manipulation. There has, however, continued to be a great CHO versus fat controversy. The Papyrus Ebers, written around 1500 BC, advocated a high-CHO diet consisting of wheat grains, fruit, and sweet beer ‘to drive away the passing of too much urine.’ Araetus the Cappadocian coined the term diabetes (to flow through), and prescribed starches, fruit, and sweet wines (1). These sentiments were echoed by the ADA in their consensus statement Nutritional Recommendations and Principles for Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus (2), first published in 1986. This statement recommended liberalizing CHO intake, not so much to replace the lost CHO, but to fill the void derived from a restriction in protein intake, to protect the kidney, and to reduce total fat intake to reduce morbidity and mortality from macrovascular disease. The recommendations of ADA were extremely similar to those being promoted by the AHA and the American Cancer Association, which are concerned with the possible relationship between fat intake, heart disease, and bowel and breast cancer. Other researchers, however, disagree with the liberalization of CHO intake. They argue that a high-CHO intake might worsen glycemic control, and suggest that a high-fat diet is much more palatable to the American public than a high-CHO diet. There is no doubt that meals for ‘fat teeth’ will always suit the hedonistic tendencies of our population. Nonetheless, considerable recent evidence strongly supports the 30% dietary-fat guideline recommended by ADA.
Abstract P1-01-19: Prediction of axillary lymph node status in male breast carcinoma
Authors: C Vaysse, J Sroussi, P Mallon, J-G Feron, A-L Rivain, C Ngo, C Belichard, S Lasry, J-Y Pierga, B Couturaud, A Fitoussi, F Laki, V Fourchotte, S Alran, YM Kirova, A Vincent-Salomon, X Sastre-Garau, B Sigal-Zafrani, R Rouzier, F Reyal
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: To evaluate whether predictive factors of axillary lymph node metastasis in female breast cancer (BC) are similar in male BC. Patients and methods: From January 1994 to May 2011, we recorded 80 non-metastatic male BC treated at Institut Curie. We analysed the calibration and discrimination performance of two nomograms (Institut Curie (IC), Memorian Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC)) originally designed to predict axillary lymph node metastases in female BC. Results: 55% and 24% of the tumours were pT1 and pT4 respectively. 46% demonstrated axillary lymph node metastasis. 99% were estrogen receptor positive and 94% HER2 negative. Lymph node status was the only significant prognostic factor of overall survival (p = 0.012). The area under curve (AUC) of IC and MSKCC nomograms were 0.66 (95%CI, 0.54–0.79) and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.52–0.76) respectively. The calibration of these two models was inadequate (Table 1). Conclusion: Multivariate models designed to predict axillary lymph node metastases for female BC weren't effective in our male BC series. Our results may be explained by a) small sample size b) different biological determinants influencing axillary metastasis in male BC compared to female BC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-19.
TERT PROMOTER MUTATIONS CONTRIBUTE TO PROGNOSTIC SUBGROUPS OF LOWER GRADE ASTROCYTOMAS
Authors: H. K. Ng, A. Chan, Y. Yao, D. Chan
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Recurrent mutations in the promoter region of TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) have been found in various cancers including diffuse gliomas. Mutations lead to TERT upregulation and are associated with aggressive clinical behaviour in glioblastomas. However, the prognostic impact of TERT promoter mutations in lower grade gliomas remains undetermined. METHODS: The aim of this study is to evaluate the status of TERT promoter and the respective clinical significance in a cohort of 181 lower grade gliomas comprising grades II and III astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas. RESULTS: Mutually exclusive mutations in TERT promoter, C228T and C250T, were identified in 12/89 (14%) diffuse astrocytomas, 8/23 (35%) anaplastic astrocytomas, 13/18 (72%) oligodendrogliomas, 3/3 (100%) anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, 17/45 (38%) oligoastrocytomas and 2/3 (67%) anaplastic oligoastrocytomas. Mutations co-occurred with 1p/19q codeletion (p < 0.001), IDH mutation (p = 0.025) and are associated with oligodendroglial histology (p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier's survival analysis showed that IDH mutation (p = 0.027) and 1p/19q codeletion (p = 0.001) were associated with longer progression-free survival. TERT promoter mutation (p = 0.017), IDH mutation (p = 0.004) and 1p/19q codeletion (p < 0.001) were associated with favorable overall survival. In the subset of 90 IDH mutated lower grade gliomas lacking 1p/19q codeletion, 16 TERT promoter mutated tumors exhibited longer overall survival (p = 0.017). Consistent with this observation, in the subset of 71 IDH mutated astrocytomas, 11 TERT promoter mutated tumors showed longer progression-free survival (p = 0.003) and overall survival (p = 0.005). In contrast, among the subset of 46 IDH wild type lower grade gliomas, TERT promoter mutation was associated with shorter progression-free survival (p = 0.001) and overall survival (p = 0.001). Similarly, in the subset of 37 IDH wild type lower grade gliomas with intact 1p19q, 8 TERT promoter mutated tumors exhibited unfavorable progression-free survival (p = 0.005) and overall survival (p = 0.008). IDH included IDH1 and IDH2. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that when combined with IDH status, TERT promoter mutation contributes to prognostic subgroups of lower grade astrocytic tumors (1p/19q intact low grade gliomas) and this may further refine future molecular classification of lower grade gliomas. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Clinical Neuro-Oncology.
Saccades and the adjustable pattern generator
Authors: Paul Dean
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

The adjustable pattern generator (APG) model addresses physiological detail in a manner that renders it eminently testable. However, the problem for which the APG was developed, namely, limb control, may be computationally too complex for this purpose. Instead, it is proposed that recent empirical and theoretical advances in understanding the role of the cerebellum in low-level saccadic control could be used to refine and extend the APG. [HOUK et al.]
Exclusion of the Colon in the Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: William V. McDermott, Maurice Victor, Walter Warren Point
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

DESPITE the advances of the past decade the precise causes and metabolic patterns of the varied neurologic and psychiatric disorders seen in association with liver disease have not yet been determined. Nevertheless, a number of separable clinical syndromes have been delineated. One of these is hepatolenticular degeneration, or Wilson's disease. Another is the widespread disorder of nervous-system function, culminating in "hepatic coma," regularly seen with advanced degrees of hepatocellular disease. A third is the cerebral and extrapyramidal disorder that is related more to the shunting of portal blood around the liver than to deterioration of liver parenchyma and may occur . . .
SP0088 Taking Charge Patient Power
Authors: C. A. Rhodes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3></h3> I will tell my story of how my life was changed by illness and my career path altered. How by becoming a research patient support worker I found something positive to take from the negative experience of having a long term condition, and how from humble beginnings we have built up a research user group numbering over fifty patients with long-term conditions, primarily musculoskeletal who have been involved in over forty different projects investigating all aspects of life with a musculoskeletal condition. I will explain how our group have been recruited for their "expertise by experience" and how they are getting involved in projects using both quantitative and qualitative methods such as cohort studies, randomised control trials and observations and interviews in order to help shape the research agenda at Keele Primary Care Centre. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract 4096: FAK inhibition with small molecule inhibitor Y15 decreases viability in thyroid cancer cell lines.
Authors: Shalana B. O'Brien, Vita M. Golubovskaya, William G. Cance
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and papillary the most common subtype. While low stage papillary carcinomas are treatable, for nonresectable tumors that do not respond to iodine, a treatment is still needed. In comparison, for advanced medullary cancer, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Vandetanib, is currently being used. Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is a tyrosine kinase involved in many protein-protein interactions that control important cellular functions. FAK is upregulated in many cancer cell lines, including thyroid. It contains an autophosphorylation site Y397, which is blocked by 1,2,4,5-Benzenetetraamine tetrahydrochloride (Y15), a small molecule FAK inhibitor. We propose that this inhibitor, Y15, will decrease viability of thyroid cancer cell lines. Methods: Four human thyroid cancer cell lines were cultured in vitro. K1, BCPAP, and TPC1 were derived from papillary thyroid carcinomas, and TT was derived from a medullary thyroid carcinoma. Western blots were used to detect expression of FAK and pY397 FAK in each untreated line. These were repeated with differing concentrations of Y15 plus the Novartis FAK inhibitor TAE226 as a positive control. MTS assays of each cell line were used to measure cell viability with increasing doses of Y15. Untreated medium, DMSO, and TAE226 were used as negative and positive controls. Results: All untreated thyroid cancer cell lines expressed FAK and phosphorylated Y397 FAK on Western blotting. Increasing doses of Y15 in Western blotting decreased the expression of pY397 FAK in all cell lines. This was also associated with increased cell detachment. In MTS assays, viability was also decreased with Y15 in a dose-dependent manner across all cell lines. Significant inhibition was reached at relatively low doses: there was a 90% decrease in viability with 10μM Y15 in TPC1 cells and 5μM Y15 in TT cells. The effects were seen across all lines, but most profound in TPC1 and TT. Conclusions: Papillary thyroid cancer cell lines and medullary carcinoma cells express FAK and pY397. The FAK inhibitor Y15 causes a dose-dependent decrease of phosphorylated FAK, and this disruption decreases cell viability. Our data suggests Y15 may be an effective potential treatment for advanced papillary thyroid cancer. Citation Format: Shalana B. O'Brien, Vita M. Golubovskaya, William G. Cance. FAK inhibition with small molecule inhibitor Y15 decreases viability in thyroid cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4096. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4096
Pazopanib (GW786034) is active in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC): Interim results of a phase II randomized discontinuation trial (RDT)
Authors: T. E. Hutson, I. D. Davis, J. P. Machiels, P. L. de Souza, B. F. Hong, S. Rottey, K. L. Baker, T. Crofts, L. Pandite, R. Figlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

5031 Background: Pazopanib is a potent and selective multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, PDGFR-a/β, and c-kit that blocks tumor growth &amp; inhibits angiogenesis. This Phase II RDT determined effects of pazopanib on tumor growth in patients with adv/met RCC after 12 wks of treatment. Methods: Cytokine naïve and refractory (failed 1 prior cytokine or bevacizumab-containing regimen) patients with adv/met RCC, ECOG 1–2, were enrolled. Pazopanib 800 mg po qd was administered. Response (RECIST) assessed at wk 12: SD patients randomized to continue pazopanib or placebo (blinded); PR/CR patients continued pazopanib. Interim analysis (first 60 patients) endpoints: % randomized (SD) and % CR/PR at wk 12. Futility boundary was based on a randomization rate of &lt;40%. Safety was analyzed in enrolled patients (n=161) at the time of interim analysis. Results: In the first 60 patients, response at wk 12 by independent review: PR in 24 (40%); SD in 25 (42%); PD in 5 (8%); unknown response in 2 (3%); and withdrawal prior to wk 12 (reasons other than PD/AE) in 4 (7%). 27 (45%) patients were randomized based on investigator review at wk 12. Total disease control rate was 82% (PR + SD). 67% of patients were treatment naïve, 33% had failed one prior treatment regimen (23% cytokine, 8% bevacizumab, 2% both). Most common AEs/lab abnormalities in all patients (n=161; 71% M, 29% F; mean 60.3 yrs; 81% Caucasian) were ALT/AST elevations, diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, hair depigmentation, &amp; hypertension. Gr 3/4 AEs occurred in 26% of patients; most common were hypertension (8%) &amp; ALT elevation (8%). One patient had Gr 5 AE due to large intestinal perforation. AEs led to discontinuation in 5% of patients. Conclusions: Interim analysis of this Ph II study demonstrated that pazopanib treatment resulted in a PR rate at wk 12 of 40% among patients with adv/met RCC and an acceptable toxicity profile. Based on these results, the Independent Data Monitoring Committee recommended discontinuation of randomization to placebo. Patients without PD were offered continued treatment with pazopanib beyond wk 12. At the time of publication, efficacy and safety data will be available for all 225 patients. [Table: see text]
Bone Tracer Uptake in Urinary Bladder Stones
Authors: Mehmet Onur Demirkol, Hülya Seymen, Ali Ihsan Kölgesiz, Alev Kadioğlu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

ONUR DEMIRKOL, MEHMET M.D.*; SEYMEN, HÜLYA M.D.†; IHSAN KÖLGESIZ, ALI M.D.†; KADIOĞLU, ALEV M.D.† Author Information
Poor FDG Avidity in a Case of Metastatic Pulmonary Choriocarcinoma
Authors: Hsuan-Ming Su, Chin Hu, Chia-Shang Wu, Wei-Ning Du, Daw-Guey Tsay, Nan-Jing Peng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Gestational trophoblastic disease is a rare complication of pregnancy, representing a group of tumors from the placental trophoblast. Choriocarcinoma is the most malignant tumor in gestational trophoblastic disease, and is known as having good avidity of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). In this study, we report a case of recurrent pulmonary metastasis of choriocarcinoma with poor FDG avidity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of tissue-proven poor FDG-avid metastatic choriocarcinoma.
Maternal Exposure to Spermicides in Relation to Certain Birth Defects
Authors: Carol Louik, Allen A. Mitchell, Martha M. Werler, James W. Hanson, Samuel Shapiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Several studies have found no increase in the overall frequency of birth defects in association with the use of spermicides, but the possibility of an increase in specific defects remains. We evaluated this possibility in a large case-control study. Infants with certain malformations (265 with Down's syndrome, 396 with hypospadias, 146 with limb reduction defects, 116 with neoplasms, and 215 with neural-tube defects) were compared with 3442 control infants with a wide variety of other defects. Exposure to spermicides was assessed for three periods: use during the periconceptional period (one month before through one month after the last menstrual period), use during the first trimester (the first four lunar months of pregnancy), and any use during the lifetime. For the five groups of cases and for each interval, the odds ratios were close to 1.0 (range, 0.7 to 1.3); the upper 95 percent confidence bounds were 2.2 or lower. Risks did not increase with the duration of exposure. When each of the active ingredients in currently available spermicides was considered separately, no differences in odds ratios were apparent between the types of spermicides. With the possible exception of a subgroup of cases (limb reduction defects of unknown cause), these results suggest that risks for the five specific birth defects evaluated are not increased by exposure to spermicides.Several studies have found no increase in the overall frequency of birth defects in association with the use of spermicides, but the possibility of an increase in specific defects remains. This possibility was evaluated in a large case-control study. Infants with certain malformations (265 with Downs syndrome, 396 with hypospadias, 146 with limb reduction defects, 116 with neoplasms, and 215 with neural-tube defects) were compared with 3442 control infants with a wide variety of other defects. Exposure to spermicides was assessed for 3 periods: use during preconceptional period (1 month before through 1 month after the last menstrual period), use during the 1st trimester (the 1st 4 lunar months of pregnancy), and any use during the lifetime. For the 5 groups of cases and for each interval, the odds ratios were close to 1.0 (range 0.7 to 1.3); the upper 95% confidence bounds were 2.2 or lower. Risks did not increase with the duration of exposure. When each of the active ingredients in currently available spermicides was considered separately, no differences in odds ratios were apparent between the types of spermicides. With the possible exception of a subgroup of cases (limb reduction defects of unknown cause), these results suggest that risks for the 5 specific birth defects evaluated are not increased by exposure to spermicides.
FRI0591-HPR Trigger Point Dry Needling as an Adjunct Treatment for Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Z. Hazar, H. Arslan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Adhesive capsulitis is a common shoulder condition of unknown etiology that is commonly treated by conservative therapy. Trigger point dry needling has been supposed to be beneficial in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the effect of trigger point dry needling on pain, range of motion and shoulder functions in patients with adhesive capsulitis. <h3>Methods</h3> 20 patients (8 males, 12 females; mean age 51±8 years old; range 40 to 65 years old) were included in this study. Patients were randomized into a dry needling group (n=10) or control group (n=10). All patients underwent a rehabilitation program including cold application and exercises twice a week. A total of 12 treatment sessions were performed. Dry needling, targeting trigger points, with the goal to decrease pain associated with the trigger points was performed. The range of motion was measured by universal goniometer. Functional activity status was assessed by Constant9s score. The pain level was evaluated by visual analog scale. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare between the parameters of groups, while Wilcoxon test was used to compare pre and post-treatment parameters of the patients. <h3>Results</h3> The range of motion, functional activity status were improved and the pain level was reduced after rehabilitation in all of the patients in both groups (p&lt;0.05). There was no difference in duration of the treatment between the groups (p&gt;0.05). There were no differences in range of motion, functional activity status and pain level before and after rehabilitation between groups (p&gt;0.05) <h3>Conclusions</h3> Trigger point dry needling was found to be no more effective in improving function, pain and shoulder range of motion than control in patients with adhesive capsulitis. This preliminary conclusion will need to be studied and verified through future work. <h3>References</h3> Settergren R. Treatment of supraspinatus tendinopathy with ultrasound guided dry needling. J Chiropr Med. 2013 Mar; 12(1): 26-9. Rha DW, Park GY, Kim YK, Kim MT, Lee SC. Comparison of the therapeutic effects of ultrasound-guided platelet-rich plasma injection and dry needling in rotator cuff disease: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2013 Feb; 27(2): 113-22. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> The authors thank TÜBİTAK for financial support. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3667
Abstract 3910: DLX4 homeprotein enhances the invasiveness of Hs578T ER-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Yebo Fu, Yi Lian, Kyung Soon Kim, Norman Lee, Sidney W. Fu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Tumor invasion and metastasis remain a major cause of mortality in breast cancer patients. It was reported that BP1, a homeobox isoform of DLX4, is overexpressed in 80% of breast cancer patients and in 100% of estrogen receptor negative (ER-) tumors. The prevalence of BP1 positive cells and the intensity of BP1 immunoreactivity increased with the extent of ductal proliferation and tumorigenesis. These findings imply that BP1 may play an important role in ER- breast cancer. We sought to determine the effects and mechanisms of BP1 on cell proliferation and metastasis using ER- Hs578T cells as a model. Cells were transfected with either pcDNA3.2 plasmid containing BP1 gene, or pcDNA3.2 vector, then selected and cloned. Overexpression of BP1 increased cell proliferation rate by 2-5 fold (p&amp;lt;0.005), and enhanced the in vitro invasive activity by 25-65 fold (p&amp;lt;0.001). Microarray experiments were performed to identify differentially expressed genes when BP1 is overexpressed. The gene expression profile of the transfected cell lines were compared, resulting in 71 differentially expressed genes with a fold-change of &amp;gt;=2.0. Of those genes, 49 were up-regulated and 22 were down-regulated. Further analysis has identified several important molecular pathways using the differentially expressed gene list, including CREB signaling, BCL2L1, AKT signaling, apoptosis, androgen receptor pathways, etc. CREB1, as an oncogenic transcription factor, induces transcription of genes in response to hormonal stimulation of the cAMP pathway. CREB1 can be activated through phosphorylation by a number of kinases, including AKT, protein kinase A, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases and regulates genes whose deregulated expression promotes oncogenesis, including cyclins, BCL2 family members, and EGR1. It was reported that BP1 can directly bind to and activate the expression of BCL1, which is an antiapoptotic gene and considered to be an oncogene. BCL2L1 is a BCL2 protein family member that acts as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators involving in a wide variety of cellular activities. These data demonstrated that overexpression of BP1 significantly enhanced cell proliferation and metastatic potential in ER- Hs578T cells. Further analysis with more ER- cell lines and patient samples is warranted to establish BP1 as a therapeutic target. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3910.