tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THU0055 IL-21 Signaling in B Cells is Critical for the Development of Collagen Induced Arthritis in Mice
Authors: K. Sakuraba, K. Fujimura, S. Kamura, Y. Esaki, H. Miyahara, Y. Yoshikai, H. Yamada
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> IL-21 is a T cell-derived cytokine whose receptor is expressed on variety of cells in immune system. IL-21was reported to be involved in the development of Th17 cells and follicular helper T cells, as well as in antibody production of B cells, all of which could be involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, IL-21 might be involved in the pathogenesis of RA possibly via induction of pathogenic T cell responses and/or autoantibody production. However, these remains to be determined and might be analyzed in animal models of arthritis. <h3>Objectives</h3> To clarify the roles of IL-21 signaling in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis <h3>Methods</h3> In order to declare the phathogenesis of IL-21 signaling for animal models of arthritis, we investigated the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in IL-21 receptor (IL-21R)-deficient mice. IL-21R-deificient or wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were immunized with chicken type II collagen (CII) emulsified in CFA on day 0 and were given boost injection with CII on day 21. Analyses of lymphcytes in regional lymph nodes by flow cytemeter and antigen (CII)-specific antibodys in serum were done. Lymphocytes of regional lymph nodes were restimurated by CII <i>in vitro</i> and then were analyzed by flow cytometer. Culture supernatants were also analyzed by ELISA. RAG-deficient mice which transfered T and B cells from WT or IL-21 R-deficient mice were induced CIA, because of comfirming which cells demand IL-21 signaling for developing arthritis <i>in vivo</i>. <h3>Results</h3> We found that IL-21R-deficient mice were resistant to the development of CIA. CII-specific antibody production was severely impaired in IL-21R-deficitent mice, which is consistent with the reduction of germinal center B cells. On the other hand, development of Th17 and Tfh cells was largely unaffected by the absence of IL-21 signaling. In addition, RAG-deficient mice were transferred WT CD4 T cells with WT or IL-21R-deficient B cells, and soon were induced CIA. We found that RAG-deficient mice transferred IL-21R-deficient B cells were resistant to the development of CIA, although which transferred WT B cells were susceptible. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Thus, IL-21 signaling is critically involved in the development of CIA mainly by inducing pathogenic autoantibody production of B cells. <h3>References</h3> Korn T, et al. Nature. 2007 Jul 26;448(7152):484-7. Nuriva RI, et al. Immunity. 2008 Jul 18;29(1):138-49. Litterman MA, et al. J Exp Med. 2010 Feb 15;207(2):353-63. Zotos D, et al. J Exp Med. 2010 Feb 15;207(2):365-78. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Ian G. Harnik
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Letters15 December 2015Gastroesophageal Reflux DiseaseIan G. Harnik, MDIan G. Harnik, MDFrom Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L15-5181 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:I thank Dr. Solomon for his comments about medical therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease. As he notes, sodium alginate is no longer available in high concentrations in the formulations sold in the United States as Gaviscon, produced by GlaxoSmithKline, in which it is simply listed as an inactive ingredient. This contrasts with alternative formulations, such as Gaviscon Advance and Gaviscon Double Action, which are manufactured by Reckitt Benckiser and are available commercially in Europe, India, and Australia. The latter products provide 500 to 1000 mg of sodium alginate per dose, which is similar to doses used in studies ...References1. Kwiatek MA, Roman S, Fareeduddin A, Pandolfino JE, Kahrilas PJ. An alginate-antacid formulation (Gaviscon Double Action Liquid) can eliminate or displace the postprandial 'acid pocket' in symptomatic GERD patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;34:59-66. [PMID: 21535446] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Chiu CT, Hsu CM, Wang CC, Chang JJ, Sung CM, Lin CJ, et al. Randomised clinical trial: sodium alginate oral suspension is non-inferior to omeprazole in the treatment of patients with non-erosive gastroesophageal disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;38:1054-64. [PMID: 24024757] doi:10.1111/apt.12482 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York.Disclosures: Authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOf InterestForms.do?msNum=M15-0359. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoGastroesophageal Reflux Disease Glen D. Solomon Metrics Cited byGastroesophageal Reflux DiseaseGlen D. Solomon, MD 15 December 2015Volume 163, Issue 12Page: 959-960KeywordsAttentionConflicts of interestDisclosureGastroesophageal reflux diseaseSodium ePublished: 15 December 2015 Issue Published: 15 December 2015 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2015 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Endpiece: Teaching medicine, 1816
Authors: Jeremy Hugh Baron
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The greatest art of the teacher of medicine is to protect his students in time from the dangerous delusion that merely speculative statements are certain, to teach them to doubt everything that is not confirmed by mature experience, and to acquaint them with the gaps, with the known limits of the art, as well as with the best sources from which they can obtain truth in the future also.

Lesky E, ed. A system of complete medical policy: selections from Johann Peter Frank [System einer vollstandiger medicinischer Polizey; Medical affairs, vol 6, Vienna 1816]. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976:321
Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Demonstrated by First-Pass Radionuclide Angiography
Authors: Lien-Hsin Hu, Chien-Ying Lee, Chien-Hsin Ting, Liang-Chih Wu, Ren-Shyan Liu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a development variation of the embryonic thoracic venous system. It can be isolated or associated with congenital heart disease combined with shunting problems. Many image findings of PLSVC have been reported, but few mentioned findings in a first-pass radionuclide angiography. We report a case of PLSVC found incidentally in a first-pass radionuclide angiography with tracer injection through the left jugular vein. The right ventricular ejection fraction was underestimated. Injection via the right jugular or right cubital vein is recommended to obtain accurate ejection fractions in cases of PLSVC without shunting.
Establishing a European network for the diagnosis of &amp;quot;imported&amp;quot; viral diseases (ENIVD)
Authors: M Niedrig, B Niklasson, G Lloyd, H Schmitz, B LeGuenno
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1998)

The epidemics in recent years of Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Zaire and Gabon acted as a reminder that dangerous infections can be imported very quickly into Europe. Meetings on emerging and re-emerging pathogens organised by the World Health Organization
OC-086 Gastric electrical stimulation (ges) for the treatment of refractory gastroparesis: a prospective 14-year experience in a uk centre
Authors: A Kordzadeh, A Askari, KR Fareed, Y Esturo, C-B Tang, A Rotundo, SS Kadirkamanathan
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Gastroparesis is a debilitating disorder of gastric motility resulting in symptoms of nausea, vomiting, bloating and abdominal pain. In non-responders to medical treatment, Gastric Electrical Stimulation (GES) can improve symptoms leading to an improved quality of life. We present our 14-year experience with GES insertion in gastroparetic patients resistant to medical treatment. <h3>Method</h3> Data was prospectively collected from December 2000 to January 2015 in a local database. Information on patient demographics, pre and post GES insertion scores for nausea, vomiting, satiety, bloating and abdominal pain were collated. Factors such as aetiology of gastroparesis, comorbidities and feeding requirements were also recorded. Data on surgical intervention, complications and number of hospital admissions pre and post GES insertion were also included. Quality of life was assessed by SF-36 questionnaires. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 104 patients underwent GES insertion (Female 76, Male 28). The median length of stay was seven days (range 1–45 days) and follow up was 42.5 months (6–168 months). There were significant improvements in nausea severity score (p = &lt; 0.0001), abdominal pain (p = 0.005) and bloating (p = 0.001) post GES insertion. The median number of hospital admissions was significantly reduced from six to zero episodes per annum (p = 0.002). Assisted Nutrition requirements were also significantly reduced (p = &lt; 0.001). Overall quality of life using SF-36 scores improved from a mean of 190/500 to 415/500 (p = &lt; 0.0001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> GES improves patient symptoms and quality of life. It reduces health care utilisation by avoiding long-term hospital stays and repeated admissions with a reduction in assisted feeding. The current study shows GES is a safe and an effective procedure in the treatment of refractory gastroparesis. To the best of our knowledge, our presented series is the longest consecutive study in Europe and UK alike. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Wound Infections
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Wound Infections Skin protects the body from infection.Breaks in the skin can occur through punctures (like a nail or a thorn), abrasions (scrapes or scratches), or lacerations (rips in the skin tissue).Healthy individuals can develop infections through wounds in the skin.However, it is more likely that persons with underlying immune system (the body' s ability to fight infection) problems will develop wound infections if a break in their skin occurs.The October 26, 2005, issue of JAMA includes an article about use of supplemental oxygen to decrease the risk of surgical wound infections.
Recorded and Expected Mortality among the Japanese of the United States and Hawaii, with Special Reference to Cancer
Authors: Robert Lincoln Smith, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1956)

Recorded and Expected Mortality among the Japanese of the United States and Hawaii, with Special Reference to Cancer Get access Robert Lincoln Smith, M.D. Robert Lincoln Smith, M.D. Biometry and Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 17, Issue 4, October 1956, Pages 459–473, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/17.4.459 Published: 01 October 1956 Article history Received: 28 May 1956 Published: 01 October 1956
Regarding Mutagenic Mucus in the Cervix of Smokers
Authors: Mark Schiffman, M.D., M.P.H.
 2, Louise Brinton, Ph.D., Elizabeth Holly, Ph.D., M.P.H., Linda Lannom, M.A., Robert Kurman, M.D., Wayne Lancaster, Ph.D., A. W. Andrews, B.A., James Felton, Ph.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Regarding Mutagenic Mucus in the Cervix of Smokers Get access Mark Schiffman, M.D., M.P.H., Mark Schiffman, M.D., M.P.H. 2 1Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesBethesda, Maryland 20892 2Address reprint requests to Dr. Schiffman, Landow Building, Room 3C06, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Louise Brinton, Ph.D., Louise Brinton, Ph.D. 1Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesBethesda, Maryland 20892 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Elizabeth Holly, Ph.D., M.P.H., Elizabeth Holly, Ph.D., M.P.H. 2Northern California Cancer ProgramBelmont, California 94002 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Linda Lannom, M.A., Linda Lannom, M.A. 3Westat Inc.Rockville, Maryland 20850 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert Kurman, M.D., Robert Kurman, M.D. 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgetown University HospitalWashington, DC 20007 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wayne Lancaster, Ph.D., Wayne Lancaster, Ph.D. 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgetown University HospitalWashington, DC 20007 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. W. Andrews, B.A., A. W. Andrews, B.A. 5Program Resources, Inc.Frederick, Maryland 21701 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James Felton, Ph.D. James Felton, Ph.D. 6Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermore, California 94550 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 78, Issue 3, March 1987, Pages 590–591, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/78.3.590 Published: 01 March 1987
CD47-blocking immunotherapies stimulate macrophage-mediated destruction of small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Kipp Weiskopf, Nadine S. Jahchan, Peter J. Schnorr, Sandra Cristea, Aaron M. Ring, Roy L. Maute, Anne K. Volkmer, Jens-Peter Volkmer, Jie Liu, Jing Shan Lim, Dian Yang, Garrett Seitz, Thuyen Nguyen, Di Wu, Kevin Jude, Heather Guerston, Amira Barkal, Francesca Trapani, Julie George, John T. Poirier, Eric E. Gardner, Linde A. Miles, Elisa de Stanchina, Shane M. Lofgren, Hannes Vogel, Monte M. Winslow, Caroline Dive, Roman K. Thomas, Charles M. Rudin, Matt van de Rijn, Ravindra Majeti, K. Christopher Garcia, Irving L. Weissman, Julien Sage
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive subtype of lung cancer with limited treatment options. CD47 is a cell-surface molecule that promotes immune evasion by engaging signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), which serves as an inhibitory receptor on macrophages. Here, we found that CD47 is highly expressed on the surface of human SCLC cells; therefore, we investigated CD47-blocking immunotherapies as a potential approach for SCLC treatment. Disruption of the interaction of CD47 with SIRPα using anti-CD47 antibodies induced macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of human SCLC patient cells in culture. In a murine model, administration of CD47-blocking antibodies or targeted inactivation of the Cd47 gene markedly inhibited SCLC tumor growth. Furthermore, using comprehensive antibody arrays, we identified several possible therapeutic targets on the surface of SCLC cells. Antibodies to these targets, including CD56/neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), promoted phagocytosis in human SCLC cell lines that was enhanced when combined with CD47-blocking therapies. In light of recent clinical trials for CD47-blocking therapies in cancer treatment, these findings identify disruption of the CD47/SIRPα axis as a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for SCLC. This approach could enable personalized immunotherapeutic regimens in patients with SCLC and other cancers.
Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, preleukemia, and acute myeloproliferative syndrome secondary to treatment of other malignant diseases. Clinical and cytogenetic characteristics and results of in vitro culture of bone marrow and HLA typing
Authors: J Pedersen-Bjergaard, P Philip, BT Mortensen, J Ersboll, G Jensen, J Panduro, M Thomsen
Journal: Blood (1981)
SP0027 One for All – Patient Research Partners Involved in Disseminating Eular Recommendations Among Belgium Patients
Authors: I. De Keyser
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> EULAR encourages the development of recommendations for management of RMD9s. These recommendations offer valuable information for health caretakers to optimize the care. ReumaNet, the Flemish platform for patients with RMD9s, believes the EULAR recommendations could also be a reliable source of information for patients and their environment, when translated and re-written in an understandable language. As the information will be easy to find, understand and use, the impact of the guidelines will be bigger than what it is today. <h3>Objectives</h3> Informed patients have a higher compliance to treatment. The patients9 version of the EULAR Recommendations enhance the level of information available and increase the possibilities of self-management. Health professionals have easy access to the guidelines, to improve their care of RMD patients. <h3>Method</h3> 18 Flemish patients with RMD9s were trained to be partners in research. These people got familiar with the EULAR recommendations and tried to get to a maximum dissemination of the valuable information. A first selection of fifteen recommendations was made. Members of the ReumaNet-Werk Onderzoek and other experts went through the publications, summarized and translated them. The total group controlled language, practical use and other rising issues. The task force got the help of HP9s to guarantee quality and make sure the translations are a correct reflection of the original documents. In phase two, academics were contacted to review and judge the quality of the documents. Then the work was made available for the general public via website and social media. This method asks for a good collaboration between patients, health professionals and academics. <h3>Conclusion</h3> High quality information is spread among the Belgian RMD patient community, using the EULAR expertise. Everyone has free access to the Flemish lay versions, patients have the possibility to enhance their knowledge about their disease at their own speed. This project will continue in the future, as ARD now also provides lay versions of recently published articles. Flemish patients will be able to read them in their own language, ReumaNet will take on the leading role in the translation process. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Explosive increase of Salmonella Java in poultry in the Netherlands: Consequences for public health
Authors: W van Pelt, H van der Zee, W  J B Wannet, A. W van de Giessen, D. J Mevius, N  M Bolder
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2003)

In the Netherlands Salmonella Paratyphi B variant Java increased in poultry from less than 2% of all isolates before 1996 to 60% in 2002. Despite exposure to contaminated meat is high, human patients with Java infection are rare (0.3% of all isolates). However, 50% of the human isolates showed PFGE profiles identical to the poultry clone. Resistance to flumequin in S. Java increased from 3% between 1996-2000 to 19% in 2001, and 39% in 2002, while that of other serotypes in poultry remained at about 7%. S. Java is also fast becoming less sensitive to ciprofloxacin.
Ischaemic preconditioning
Authors: C. F TOOMBS, J VINTEN-JOHANSEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Ischaemic preconditioning Get access CHRISTOPHER F TOOMBS, CHRISTOPHER F TOOMBS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J VINTEN-JOHANSEN J VINTEN-JOHANSEN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 10, October 1993, Pages 1883–1884, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.10.1883 Published: 01 October 1993
Red blood cell catechol O-methyl transferase and response to imipramine in unipolar depressive women
Authors: R T Davidson, M N Mcleod, H L White, D Raft
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

When baseline red blood cell catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) was measured in 15 unipolar depressive women, the authors found a linear correlation between COMT and response to imipramine (best outcome occurring at low COMT). The results of this study were not related to such variables as intensity of depression, family history, or psychiatric history. The authors suggest that this assay may be useful either as a predictor of response to the drug or as a guide in choosing the optimum dose.
AB0776 18F-Fluoride PET/CT for Detection of Axial Involvement in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: L. Idolazzi, E. Vantaggiato, M. Salgarello, S. Perandini, A. Fassio, M.R. Povino, E. Fracassi, O. Viapiana, D. Gatti, M. Rossini, S. Adami
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> In ankylosing spondylitis (AS) the various degree of bone erosions is associated with extensive new bone formation, involving typically the edges of the cartilage structures, particularly where the enthesis insert. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the "gold standard" imaging modality for the detection of inflammatory processes and of "bone oedema" and validated scoring methods have been developed. However, new bone formation (e.g.: syndesmophyte formation) ensuing in irreversible bone deformation and disability can be detected only after years of disease and little is known on the effectiveness of available therapies for its prevention. <h3>Objectives</h3> The [18F]fluoride isotope is a bone-specific tracer that during bone remodelling is incorporated into the skeleton at sites of active osteoblastic bone synthesis, and thus representing bone synthetic activity. 18F-fluoride PET/CT (F-PET/CT) provides also high spatial resolution and sensitivity. The role of F-PET/CT in the detection of axial involvement in ankylosing apondylitis is not known. <h3>Methods</h3> We studied by F-PET/CT 29 AS patients aged 26 to 69 years referred to the Nuclear Medicine Unit (Saro Cuore Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy) by the Rheumatology Unit of the University of Verona. The clinical assessment included BASFI, a disability index, and ASDAS which reflects disease activity: pain and inflammation. The number of regions of high bone turnover [18F uptake] or CT osteoarthritis features at the spine and at the 2 sacroiliac joints was counted. <h3>Results</h3> The number of F-PET/CT positive sites was significantly higher in patients with severe functional impairment and higher disease activity and it was positively related to both BASFI (r=0.339; P=0.036) and ASDAS (r=0.408; P=0.014) while the number of degenerative features (osteoarthritis) was related neither with functional impact nor with disease activity. A strong relation was also found between the localization of F-PET/CT positive and of pain sites. Interestingly F-PET positive sites were detected in 6 out of 9 patients with a ASDAS &lt;1.3 and considered in disease remission. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In conclusion F-PET/CT in AS patients with a single examination accurately identify the functional impairment and the clinical involvement of AS. Its value in predicting new abnormal bone formation and functional worsening requires prospective long term studies. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared