tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CALGB 10603 (RATIFY): A randomized phase III study of induction (daunorubicin/cytarabine) and consolidation (high-dose cytarabine) chemotherapy combined with midostaurin or placebo in treatment-naive patients with FLT3 mutated AML.
Authors: R. M. Stone, H. Dohner, G. Ehninger, M. Villeneuve, T. Teasdale, J. D. Virkus, L. R. Bressler, M. M. Seiler, G. Marcucci, R. A. Larson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

TPS199 Background: The prognosis for patients (pts) with AML is variable and dependent on the presence of mutations in the FLT3 tyrosine kinase. Internal tandem duplications (ITD) in the juxtamembrane region and mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) cause constitutive activation of FLT3 and lead to blast proliferation. Preclinical data suggested that chemotherapy combined with FLT3 inhibitors, including midostaurin, could synergistically kill leukemic cells. In a phase Ib study of midostaurin 50 mg BID with chemotherapy, 92% of FLT3mut pts and 74% of FLT3WT pts achieved a CR. OS of FLT3mut pts was similar to FLT3WT pts (Stone, ASH 2009), supporting the rationale for the ongoing study (NCT00651261). Methods: This is a CALGB-led intergroup, international, randomized, double-blind, PBO controlled trial of adult (age 18-59), untreated FLT3mut AML pts treated with induction chemotherapy and 4 post-remission cycles of high dose ara-C with PBO or midostaurin 50 mg BID on d8-21 of each cycle, followed by 1 yr of midostaurin or PBO. This is the first large study to use molecular screening of FLT3 mutation and ITD allelic ratio at baseline to stratify pts. The primary endpoint is OS (not censored for stem cell transplantation [SCT]). Secondary objectives include EFS and CR. Prognostic impact of FLT3 autophosphorylation and comparison of mutation status at baseline and at relapse are being investigated. A review of blinded rates of SCT and FLT3 TKD mutations demonstrated that both are higher than assumptions used in initial trial design. Since SCT and FLT3 TKD both lead to better prognosis, OS estimates are impacted. Thus, sample size was increased by 200 pts (N=714) to maintain 90% power for the original treatment effect. An OS analysis with censoring at the time of SCT has been added as a secondary endpoint. Over 2470 pts have been preregistered. Reporting of FLT3 mutation status has been rapid at all global diagnostic laboratories (approximately 26 hrs in the North American reference lab at OSU). 564 pts have been enrolled to date; expected accrual completion is 2011.
Nearly half of people with infertility do not seek medical help, survey shows
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Nearly half of women and men who have experienced infertility do not seek medical help after trying unsuccessfully for a baby for at least a year, a large UK survey has shown.1

Researchers carried out a cross sectional population survey of 15 162 randomly selected women and men aged 16-74 from 2010 to 2012 and reported the findings in Human Reproduction .

All survey participants who reported ever having heterosexual intercourse (8315 women and 5742 men) were …
Resminostat plus sorafenib as second-line therapy of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma – The SHELTER study
Authors: Michael Bitzer, Marius Horger, Edoardo G. Giannini, Tom M. Ganten, Marcus A. Wörns, Jens T. Siveke, Matthias M. Dollinger, Guido Gerken, Max E. Scheulen, Henning Wege, Vittorina Zagonel, Umberto Cillo, Franco Trevisani, Armando Santoro, Vincenzo Montesarchio, Nisar P. Malek, Julia Holzapfel, Thomas Herz, Astrid S. Ammendola, Stefano Pegoraro, Bernhard Hauns, Anna Mais, Ulrich M. Lauer, Stefan W. Henning, Bernd Hentsch
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
Traitement endoscopique de l’intolérance digestive après bypass gastrique avec gastroplastie: utilisation d’une prothèse plastique pour retirer un anneau.
Authors: F. Cholet
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

Le bypass gastrique avec gastroplastie calibrée consiste à entourer la poche restante de l’estomac avec un anneau afin de prévenir sa dilatation secondaire, cause d’inefficacité de la restriction de l’estomac. Cependant, cet anneau peut parfois entraîner une intolérance alimentaire avec vomissements et perte excessive de poids contraignant le chirurgien à réopérer pour le retirer. Du fait de la morbidité propre de cette réintervention, une équipe brésilienne a évalué prospectivement la faisabilité d’une technique endoscopique de retrait de l’anneau en plaçant temporairement une prothèse plastique expansible couverte (Polyflex) afin d’induire avec la force d’expansion une érosion et d’internaliser l’anneau dans la lumière digestive.
Fibrocystic Disease of the Breast
Authors: H P Leis, C S Kwon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Fibrocystic disease is the most common type of lesion in the female breast. It is a common dumping ground for a variety of distinct clinical and histologic entities which require different modalities of therapy and which have different malignant transformation potentials. In general, fibrocystic disease is managed medically unless a dominant lump or other adverse symptom develops, in which case a biopsy is performed. The exception to this rule is a cyst which can be safely aspirated under controlled conditions. If, on biopsy, one of the histologic types of fibrocystic disease called "precancerous mastopathy" is found, which has a high potential for malignant transformation, then serious consideration must be given to definitive surgical procedures, especially if the patient has other risk factors that would increase her risk of developing breast cancer even further.
Immuno-PET Imaging of Engineered Human T Cells in Tumors
Authors: Sabine Mall, Nahid Yusufi, Ricarda Wagner, Richard Klar, Henrique Bianchi, Katja Steiger, Melanie Straub, Stefan Audehm, Iina Laitinen, Michaela Aichler, Christian Peschel, Sibylle Ziegler, Mona Mustafa, Markus Schwaiger, Calogero D'Alessandria, Angela M. Krackhardt
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Sensitive in vivo imaging technologies applicable to the clinical setting are still lacking for adoptive T-cell–based immunotherapies, an important gap to fill if mechanisms of tumor rejection or escape are to be understood. Here, we propose a highly sensitive imaging technology to track human TCR-transgenic T cells in vivo by directly targeting the murinized constant TCR beta domain (TCRmu) with a zirconium-89 (89Zr)-labeled anti–TCRmu-F(ab')2 fragment. Binding of the labeled or unlabeled F(ab')2 fragment did not impair functionality of transgenic T cells in vitro and in vivo. Using a murine xenograft model of human myeloid sarcoma, we monitored by Immuno-PET imaging human central memory T cells (TCM), which were transgenic for a myeloid peroxidase (MPO)–specific TCR. Diverse T-cell distribution patterns were detected by PET/CT imaging, depending on the tumor size and rejection phase. Results were confirmed by IHC and semiquantitative evaluation of T-cell infiltration within the tumor corresponding to the PET/CT images. Overall, these findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for an imaging approach that is readily tractable for clinical translation. Cancer Res; 76(14); 4113–23. ©2016 AACR.
Case 47-1970
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. McNeely, Samuel R. Schuster, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Presentation of CaseA five-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal pain.Four days previously she lost her appetite and passed several large stools. That night she awoke screaming because of lower abdominal pain that persisted for half an hour; there was no fever. She was taken to another hospital, where the physical findings, urinalysis, blood count and x-ray films were reported to be normal. On the following day she vomited once. Abdominal pain recurred intermittently during the next two days, at times after the ingestion of liquids. During the episodes of pain she frequently expressed the . . .
Religious beliefs and stage at diagnosis in a biracial sample of newly diagnosed colon cancer patients.
Authors: Blase N. Polite, Toni Marie Cipriano, Fay J. Hlubocky, Pascal Jean-Pierre, Katie Brewer, Ying Cheng, Garth H Rauscher, George Fitchett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

6556 Background: Blacks are more likely to present with advanced stage colon cancer and more likely to die from this disease than Whites. Blacks are also more likely to place God in control of their health care decision-making. Limited evidence in breast cancer suggests stronger religious beliefs may lead to more delayed care and more advanced stage at diagnosis especially among Blacks. Methods: Newly diagnosed patients with colon cancer were recruited at 9 facilities in metropolitan Chicago (2 public and 4 private non-academic, and 3 academic institutions). Eligible patients had a diagnosis of a first primary invasive colon cancer between the ages of 30 and 79 years, and were non-Hispanic White or non-Hispanic Black. Patients were interviewed on their prior screening and the process of their diagnosis, which was augmented with detailed chart abstraction. A broad range of social and attitudinal constructs were measured including 3 well validated religiosity scales: God Locus of Health Control (GLHC), Religious Problem Solving (RPS), and Religious Coping (Brief RCOPE). The final response rate was 54% and includes 407 patients. Results: Median age of the sample was 60, 52% were Black, 33% had income < 20K, and 13% had < HS education. Cancer stage was available on 372 (91%), and 62% were late stage (stage III, IV). Blacks had significantly higher levels of GLHC than whites (mean 22 vs. 13, on a scale of 6-30, p < 0.001). Univariate logistic regression models for age, race, sex, income, education, and religiosity items showed that only younger age (p = 0.01) and higher levels of GLHC (p = 0.016) were associated with late stage at diagnosis. These significant associations held in the multivariate model when both were adjusted for. There was no significant interaction between race and GLHC (p = 0.238). Conclusions: In a large bi-racial sample across diverse health care systems, younger age and higher scores on the GLHC predicted late stage at diagnosis. While Blacks had significantly higher GLHC scores, race was not associated with stage at presentation. The relationship between GLHC and advanced disease stage was not limited to Blacks. Further work is ongoing to characterize the relationship between religious beliefs and health outcomes.
US regulator stops leukemia treatment trial after three patients die
Authors: Nigel Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2016)

A trial of a promising immunological treatment for leukemia has been stopped by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) after three patients died.

The treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia involved engineering T cells taken from a patient’s blood so that they recognized specific antigens on the surface of tumor cells. The modified T cells were grown in a laboratory and were reintroduced into the patient to attack and destroy the tumor.

The engineering process made the T cells produce …
Serum procalcitonin as a tumoral marker in small cell lung cancer.
Authors: M. Patout, V. Brunel, M. Salaun, S. Bota, B. Cauliez, L. Thiberville
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

e17525 Background: Procalcitonin (PCT) is indicated for the early diagnosis of bacterial infections. Procalcitonin is also considered as a marker for the follow-up of thyroid carcinoma and has been found increased in patients with liver metastases. No previous study has assessed PCT in lung cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum PCT as a tumoral marker for small cell lung cancer, and as a marker of liver metastasis. Methods: Sera from the Rouen University Hospital Biological Bank taken from patients that were also sampled for neurone specific enolase (NSE) were retrieved. Samples from patients with histologically proven lung cancer, taken before any treatment between December 2008 and November 2010 were selected for the study Results: From the 147 blood samples selected, 66 came from adenocarcinoma patients, 58 from neuroendocrine lung cancers (NELC) including 51 small cell lung cancers, 6 large cell lung cancers and one atypical carcinoid, 21 from squamous cell carcinomas and 2 sarcomas. Mean and median serum PCT were higher in NELC (39 ± 186 ng/ml, and 0.35 ng/ml (0.11-1.23), respectively) as compared to adecarcinoma (1.01 ± 5 and 0.08 [0.05-0.14]), or squamous cell carcinoma (0.39 ± 1.08 ng/ml and 0.1 [0.06-0.19]). From this lung cancer series, a level of 5 ng/ml PCT had a sensitivity of 18 %, and a specificity of 98 % for NELC histology. ROC under curve area for NELC was 0.764 (p < 0.001). ROC under curve area of NSE for NELC was 0.939. In lung cancer from any histology with liver metastasis, a level of 0.153 ng/ml PCT had a sensitivity of 70.4%, a specificity of 70.2% (p < 0.001), a positive and negative predictive value of 53 and 67.7%, a positive and negative likehood ratio of 2.32 and -0.002. ROC under curve area was 0.749 (p < 0.001). ROC under curve area of NSE for liver metastasis was 0.759. Conclusions: PCT as lower sensitivity and specificity than NSE for the diagnosis of NELC, and a similar increase than NSE in liver metastases. Serum PCT should not be used for the early diagnosis of bacterial infection in patients with a NELC and/or with liver metastasis.
Aberrant Regulation of Wnt/Beta-Catenin Pathway Mediators in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Stem Cells.
Authors: Annelie Abrahamsson, Ifat Geron, Jason Gotlib, Jeffrey Durocher, Remi Creusot, Edward Kavalerchik, Daniel Goff, C.G. Fathman, Stanley L. Lilleberg, Francis Giles, Irving Weissman, Catriona Jamieson
Journal: Blood (2006)
Case 41-1976
Authors: W. Davies Sohier, James J. Galdabini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Presentation of CaseA 67-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of fever.She was well until seven months previously, when she entered another hospital because of the sudden onset of acute pain in the left upper abdominal quadrant accompanied by fever. The hematocrit was 32 per cent, and the fasting glucose 175 mg per 100 ml. An x-ray film of the chest showed an infiltrate at the base of the left lung. Oral cholecystographic and intravenous pyelographic studies were negative. A barium-enema examination disclosed diverticulosis of the descending colon. An upper gastrointestinal series revealed questionable enlargement of the . . .
Book Review Atlas of Radiology of the Chest By Margaret Turner-Warwick, Ian H. Kerr, Margaret E. Hodson, and Bryan Corrin. 155 pp., illustrated. New York, Gower Medical, 1991. $70. (Distributed in the U.S. by J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia.) Gastrointestinal Radiology By Jack Farman. Approximately 175 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott/Gower Medical, 1991. $59.95. Radiology of the Extremities By Nancy Baker. Approximately 110 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott, 1991. $…
Authors: Robert C. Sarno
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)
Current Status of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Management in the United States
Authors: Matthew J. Maurice, Simon P. Kim, Robert Abouassaly
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

In 2012, the US Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended against prostate cancer (PC) screening to address overdiagnosis and overtreatment.In response, PC screening and the incidence of localized PC have declined. 1 If the USPSTF recommendations were fully implemented, it would eliminate overdiagnosis at the expense of increasing preventable PC deaths. 2 Active surveillance also addresses overdiagnosis and, if executed properly, can safely reduce overtreatment by as much as 50%. 3 Unlike watchful waiting, which avoids curative treatment entirely, active surveillance involves prospective monitoring of low-risk PC and selective treatment for apparent progression.Prior to the 2012 USPSTF recommendation, active surveillance use was minimal. 4 We sought to assess current PC diagnosis and management trends in the United States.The analysis was complete on February 1, 2016.
Critical care of patients with cancer
Authors: Alexander Shimabukuro‐Vornhagen, Boris Böll, Matthias Kochanek, Éli Azoulay, Michael S. von Bergwelt‐Baildon
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2016)

ABSTRACT Answer questions and earn CME/CNE The increasing prevalence of patients living with cancer in conjunction with the rapid progress in cancer therapy will lead to a growing number of patients with cancer who will require intensive care treatment. Fortunately, the development of more effective oncologic therapies, advances in critical care, and improvements in patient selection have led to an increased survival of critically ill patients with cancer. As a consequence, critical care has become an important cornerstone in the continuum of modern cancer care. Although, in many aspects, critical care for patients with cancer does not differ from intensive care for other seriously ill patients, there are several challenging issues that are unique to this patient population and require special knowledge and skills. The optimal management of critically ill patients with cancer necessitates expertise in oncology, critical care, and palliative medicine. Cancer specialists therefore have to be familiar with key principles of intensive care for critically ill patients with cancer. This review provides an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art in the individualized management of critically ill patients with cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:496–517. © 2016 American Cancer Society .
P36 Ethnic differences in Composite Physiologic Index (CPI) in pulmonary sarcoidosis: a 10-year experience in a specialist sarcoidosis clinic: Abstract P36 Table 1
Authors: T Tully, J Galloway, J Lally, E Silber, P Brex, S Walsh, G Larkin, J Barker, S Birring
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> CPI has been reported to be an accurate predictor of mortality in sarcoidosis and IPF. A CPI score of &gt;40 is associated with a 5 year survival probability of 50%.<sup>1</sup> There is a paucity of studies of CPI in patients of black ethnicity. We investigated CPI in a large cohort of patients attending a specialist sarcoidosis clinic serving a large African Caribbean community in South-East London. <h3>Methods</h3> 503 subjects with a diagnosis of sarcoidosis were assessed between May 2005 and May 2015. Relevant data needed to calculate CPI and ethnicity information was available in 297 patients with pulmonary involvement (based on radiological evidence +/- histological evidence). We calculated CPI with the following formula: 91·0 – (0·65 × percent predicted DLCO) – (0·53 × percent predicted FVC) + (0·34 × percent predicted FEV1). Clinical demographics, organ involvement, lung function, histology and subsequent therapy were systematically recorded (Table 1). <h3>Results</h3> There were significant differences in CPI between all ethnic groups (ANOVA, p &lt; 0.001). Black patients had a higher mean CPI score compared to white patients (39.0 (14.2) vs 29.9 (18.5), t = -4.129, p &lt; 0.001) (Table 1). CPI was significantly higher in black Caribbean patients versus black African patients (41.2 (14.4) vs 36.3 (13.7), t = 2.656 p = 0.008). CPI was weakly correlated with number of immunosuppressant medications used; correlation coefficient r = 0.214, p &lt; 0.001. CPI was not associated with age at presentation, gender, initial requirement of treatment or prediction of ≥2-organ involvement. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Black patients have more severe disease than other ethnicities, with the most severe illness in those of black Caribbean ethnicity, who have the worst CPI scores. Further studies are needed to determine the long-term outcome in this patient cohort, such as decline in PFTs, quality of life and mortality. <h3>Reference</h3> 1 Walsh SL, Wells AU, Sverzellati N, <i>et al</i>. An integrated clinicoradiological staging system for pulmonary sarcoidosis: a case-cohort study. <i>Lancet Respir Med</i>. 2014;<b>2</b>:123–130
Identification of a Natural Killer Cell Receptor Allele That Prolongs Survival of Cytomegalovirus-Positive Glioblastoma Patients
Authors: Mev Dominguez–Valentin, Andrea Gras Navarro, Aminur Mohummad Rahman, Surendra Kumar, Christèle Retière, Elling Ulvestad, Vessela Kristensen, Morten Lund-Johansen, Benedicte Alexandra Lie, Per Øyvind Enger, Gro Njølstad, Einar Kristoffersen, Stein Atle Lie, Martha Chekenya
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

By affecting immunological presentation, the presence of cytomegalovirus in some glioblastomas may impact progression. In this study, we examined a hypothesized role for natural killer (NK) cells in impacting disease progression in this setting. We characterized 108 glioblastoma patients and 454 healthy controls for HLA-A,-B,-C, NK-cell KIR receptors, and CMV-specific antibodies and correlated these metrics with clinical parameters. Exome sequences from a large validation set of glioblastoma patients and control individuals were examined from in silico databases. We demonstrated that the KIR allele KIR2DS4*00101 was independently prognostic of prolonged survival. KIR2DS4*00101 displayed 100% concordance with cognate HLA-C1 ligands in glioblastoma patients, but not controls. In the context of both HLA-C1/C2 ligands for the KIR2DS4 receptor, patient survival was further extended. Notably, all patients carrying KIR2DS4*00101 alleles were CMV seropositive, but not control individuals, and exhibited increased NK-cell subpopulations, which expressed the cytotoxicity receptors CD16, NKG2D, and CD94/NKG2C. Finally, healthy controls exhibited a reduced risk for developing glioblastoma if they carried two KIR2DS4*00101 alleles, where protection was greatest among Caucasian individuals. Our findings suggest that KIR2DS4*00101 may offer a molecular biomarker to identify intrinsically milder forms of glioblastoma. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5326-36. ©2016 AACR.