tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P239 Junior Doctors Performance and Interpretation of Spirometry
Authors: U Kamdar, K Tariq, J Morjaria, G Anderson
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Spirometry is a fundamental respiratory function assessment tool. A significant proportion of junior doctors have great apprehension in performing and interpreting spirometry. The NICE (CG12) COPD guidelines state that all healthcare professionals managing patients with COPD should have access to spirometry and be competent in interpretation of results; and that it can be performed by any healthcare worker who has undergone appropriate training and keeps his/her skills up-to-date. <h3>Aims</h3> We conducted an audit on junior doctors during their respiratory placement to establish whether hands-on skills training and teaching on spirometry in real-life may improve their understanding of the technique and reliability of interpreting spirometry. <h3>Methods</h3> Doctors at different stages of training (foundation year (FY), core medical (CMT), GP vocational (GPVTS) and speciality trainees (ST)) participated in the audit. We used a pre-designed questionnaire containing a balanced mixture of questions testing procedural skill (maximum score 15) and interpretation (maximum score of 33) of different spirometry results. Confidence was assessed using a separate questionnaire of four domains. Baseline data was collected within the first month of joining the respiratory rotation, followed by training on technique and interpretation of results assisted by an accredited pulmonary physiologist (total time of 45 minutes). The same doctors were reassessed on the questionnaires in 12–16 weeks. <h3>Results</h3> 25 doctors completed the audit assessment (10 FY1, 5 FY2, 4 CT1, 2 CT2, 2 GPVTS and 2 ST3). Significant improvements from baseline were noted in the median (IQR) scores of performance of spirometry technique (6 (4, 8) to 9 (8, 11); p&lt;0.001) and interpretation (11.5 (5, 15) to 18 (17, 24.5); p&lt;0.001). Moreover, there were marked improvements in total (performance and interpretation) and confidence scores from baseline. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This audit demonstrates that spirometry is easily taught and its interpretation is a useful skill to acquire irrespective of a future career in respiratory medicine. We suggest that training for Foundation Year doctors is effective and feasible, and should be included in training programmes as spirometry is more reliable in the diagnosis and management of common respiratory conditions than PEFR testing mandated in the GMC core procedures.
Aspirin — From Prevention to Targeted Therapy
Authors: Boris Pasche
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cause of death from cancer in the United States and the fourth most common cause worldwide. Treatment outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer have improved over the past two decades because of new chemotherapeutic agents, resection of metastases, and monoclonal antibodies targeting angiogenesis and the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway.Although fluorouracil-based therapy was the mainstay of treatment for stage III (node-positive) and stage IV (metastatic) colorectal cancer until 2000, several new effective treatment options have emerged in the past 12 years. Both chemotherapeutic agents and targeted therapies have shown efficacy in this . . .
The Response to Long-Term Overfeeding in Identical Twins
Authors: Claude Bouchard, Angelo Tremblay, Jean-Pierre Després, André Nadeau, Paul J. Lupien, Germain Thériault, Jean Dussault, Sital Moorjani, Sylvie Pinault, Guy Fournier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

We undertook this study to determine whether there are differences in the responses of different persons to long-term overfeeding and to assess the possibility that genotypes are involved in such differences. After a two-week base-line period, 12 pairs of young adult male monozygotic twins were overfed by 4.2 MJ (1000 kcal) per day, 6 days a week, for a total of 84 days during a 100-day period. The total excess amount each man consumed was 353 MJ (84,000 kcal).
Abstract 1486: Increased expression and phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and 4E-binding protein (4E-BP1) correlates with disease progression and high risk clinical/pathological features in melanoma
Authors: Nitin Chakravarti, Carla L. Warneke, Marcella M. Johnson, Michael A. Davies, Victor G. Prieto
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cutaneous melanoma is an increasingly important public health problem, as the incidence of this disease has increased 15-fold during the last four decades, more than any other malignancy. There is a great need for biomarkers that can be used both for both diagnosis and prognosis in melanoma. Identification of such biomarkers may provide insight into the pathogenesis of this disease, and also suggest rational therapeutic approaches. Protein translation has been shown to play a significant role in carcinogenesis in various organ systems. Several pathways upstream of protein translation are deregulated during melanoma development, including the RAS-RAF-MAPK and the PI3K-AKT kinase cascades. It is unknown whether dysregulated translational machinery contributes to the pathogenesis of melanoma. In order to test the hypothesis that dysregulation of protein translation plays a significant role in melanoma, we have performed immunohistochemical analysis to evaluate expression of phospho-4E-BP1 (p4E-BP1), phospho-eIF4E (peIF4E) and total eIF4E in benign nevi (n=49), primary melanomas (n=130), and melanoma metastases (n=47 cases) specimens obtained from the Department of Pathology of The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. A significant positive correlation was observed between the percentage of positively staining cells and staining intensity for p4E-BP1 (p&amp;lt;0.0001) and peIF4E (p&amp;lt;0.0008) with progression from benign nevi to primary tumors, and from primary tumors to metastases. Significantly higher levels of p4E-BP1 (p=0.0085) and total eIF4E (p=0.0173) proteins were observed in samples with vertical growth phase than in samples with radial growth phase only. Higher levels of p4E-BP1 were also observed in samples with ulceration (p=0.0167), which is a well-established marker of poor clinical outcomes in patients with local and regional melanoma. Thus, total and phosphorylated eIF4E and phosphorylated 4E-BP1 correlate with disease progression and high risk clinical and pathological features in melanoma. These findings provide new insight into the molecular pathogenesis of melanoma, and suggest that protein translation machinery may be an important therapeutic target in this disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1486.
P842 A STUDY OF RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE [NAFLD] IN INDIANS
Authors: S.P. Singh, D. Misra, A. Singh, B. Misra, G.K. Pati, M.K. Panigrahi, S.K. Kar, C. Meher, O. Agrawal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
PMO-190 Investigating the prevalence and cause of iron deficiency in a faecal occult blood positive, colonoscopy negative patients from the UK Colorectal Cancer Screening Programme
Authors: A Murino, E J Despott, A Postgate, A O'Rourke, C Fraser
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Faecal occult blood test (FOBT) is a simple test, which detects small amounts of blood released from the gastrointestinal tract. Recently it has been adopted as discriminator test for the BCSP in the UK. A colonoscopy is strongly recommended when FOBT results test positive. At present there are no plans for further investigation of the source of blood loss in patients who have had a negative colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to identify the proportion of UK colorectal cancer screening patients with a positive FOBT and negative colonoscopy affected by iron deficiency (ID) or iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and then to detect any source of blood loss in the upper GI tract or small bowel. <h3>Methods</h3> 100 patients with a positive FOBT referred for a BCSP were prospectively enrolled in the study between January 2008 and September 2010. A full blood count and ferritin were acquired after a negative colonoscopy. Patients with identified ID or IDA were invited to have an oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) and small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE). <h3>Results</h3> 100 patients (male: 70, female: 30) with a positive FOBT referred to our tertiary centre had a negative colonoscopy. 19 patients were excluded due to vegetarianism. Of the remaining 81 patients, 1 had ID and 3 had IDA (4.9%) and therefore underwent OGD and SBCE. In 2/4 patients both procedures were normal. Three superficial gastric antral ulcers and a few gastric erosions were diagnosed respectively in the other two patients (2.4%), while their SBCEs were negative. Both patients had a history of aspirin or NSAID usage. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this cohort of FOBT positive and colonoscopy negative patients from the UK BCSP, we found that the prevalence of ID and IDA was 4.9%. Of these four patients only 2 (2.4%) had positive findings when further investigated, but these could be explained by medication. If these patients are excluded from the analysis then OGD and SBCE post negative colonoscopy in FOBT positive patients cannot be recommended. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Surgical Cure of<i>Candida albicans</i>Endocarditis with Open-Heart Surgery
Authors: Jerome Harold Kay, Sol Bernstein, Donald Feinstein, Marjorie Biddle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THE incidence of candida infections is reported to be increasing.1 , 2 Although the organism may be part of the normal flora of mucous membranes of healthy persons infections with this fungus have long been known to occur in the young, the old and the debilitated. As a reflection of this, patients with cancer, bacterial endocarditis and diabetes are particularly vulnerable.3 , 4 The use of large doses of antibiotics, frequent injections and steroids in the treatment of these conditions may further increase the susceptibility.3 , 5 Mycotic endocarditis due to candida species was first recorded in morphine addicts, and these cases strongly suggest repeated direct . . .
Abstract 950: Orphan nuclear receptor DAX1 exhibits suppressive effect on prostate cancer cell growth
Authors: Lin Jia, Franky Leung Chan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The nuclear receptor superfamily comprises a large group of transcriptional factors involved broadly in many physiological functions including control of embryonic development and cellular homeostasis. In general, nuclear receptors can bind to specific DNA regulatory elements (REs) as homo- or heterodimers. DAX1 (Dosage sensitive sex reversal (DSS), adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) critical region, on chromosome X, gene 1, NR0B1) is a unique ligand-independent orphan nuclear receptor, which lacks the conventional DNA-binding domain (DBD) and in some cases it functions as a coregulatory protein inhibiting the transcriptional activity of other nuclear receptors by forming heterodimers. Previous studies show that DAX1 may play an essential role in establishment and maintenance of the steroidogenic axis of development, maintenance of murine embryonic stem cell pluripotency and cancer development including ovarian, breast and endometrial cancers. A recent report identified the inverse correlation of immunoreactivity of DAX1 with Gleason score of prostate cancer. In a preliminary investigation of expression patterns of members of nuclear receptor superfamily in a panel of immortalized prostatic epithelial cell and prostate cancer cell lines by semi-quantitative and real-time PCR, we observed that DAX1 displayed a variable expression pattern with low or undetectable levels in most tested immortalized prostatic epithelial cell lines and prostate cancer cell lines (including the classical LNCaP and PC-3) but high levels in some prostate cancer cells (VCaP, DuCaP, RC-58T and DU145) and also an in vitro model of transformed immortalized human prostatic epithelial cells BPH-1CAFTD. In order to elucidate the possible functional roles of DAX1 in the prostate cancer cell growth regulation, we generated DAX1-stable expression clones in two prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP and PC-3, which expressed low endogenous DAX1 levels, by retroviral transduction for in vitro growth characterization. Our results showed that overexpression of DAX1 in LNCaP and PC-3 cells suppressed their in vitro cell proliferation, single-cell colony formation and anchorage-independent growth capacity in soft agar. Moreover, luciferase reporter gene assay showed that DAX1 suppressed the ERRα-induced transactivation of VEGFA. Our results suggested that DAX1 might perform a suppressive growth regulatory role in prostate cancer cells. (Lin Jia is supported by a RGC Hong Kong-PhD Fellowship Scheme) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 950. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-950
Case 15-2001
Authors: Ursula B. Kaiser, E. Tessa Hedley-Whyte
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Presentation of CaseA 72-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of persistent fever and hypotension.The patient had been well until eight days earlier, when nausea and vomiting developed, with lower abdominal pain. The next day, he was admitted to another hospital with persistent nausea and vomiting; the temperature was 40°C, and the blood pressure was 100/55 mm Hg. The hematocrit was 33.5 percent, and the white-cell count was 17,600 per cubic millimeter. The amylase level was 190 U per liter. The blood pressure subsequently fell to 75/45 mm Hg. Treatment with a dopamine infusion and ceftriaxone was . . .
F-18 FDG PET/CT Imaging of a Hidradenocarcinoma of Head and Neck
Authors: Devaki S. Surasi, Stella Lam, Rathan M. Subramaniam
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Tumors of cutaneous sweat glands are uncommon and aggressive, with a wide histologic spectrum. Malignant eccrine sweat gland tumors are found in approximately 1 in 13,000 biopsies, with hidradenocarcinomas or malignant hidradenomas accounting for only 6% of these tumors. We present a case report of a 73-year-old man with hidradenocarcinoma of the scalp that was treated with Mohs surgery, but then subsequently recurred and metastasized to a different region of the scalp, the parotids, neck lymph nodes, and lungs. The patient was treated with capecitabine orally for 3 months, and a follow-up PET/CT demonstrated complete metabolic response.
A Case of Immunogammaglobulin 4–Related Disease
Authors: Vesselin Z Miloushev, Manuel R Cabrera, Masanori Ichise
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

An 81-year-old woman with history of thyroiditis and a putative diagnosis of retroperitoneal fibrosis presented with abdominal pain, progressive shoulder pain, back pain, and lower extremity weakness. Abdominal and pelvic MRI revealed periaortic inflammation and a left renal mass, which were 18F-FDG avid on PET/CT. Renal biopsy was compatible with immunogammaglobulin 4 (IgG4)–related disease. Total spine MRI revealed postcontrast meningeal enhancement, correlating with FDG activity. Epidural biopsy showed chronic inflammation and scattered but not abnormal IgG4-positive cells, possibly related to posttreatment changes. This case exemplifies multiorgan involvement in IgG4-related disease.
Abstract 2477: RBM3 prevents radiation-induced mitotic catastrophe by promoting anaphase
Authors: Elizabeth Moran, Satish Ramalingam, Dharmalingam Subramaniam, Cate Moriasi, Roy A. Jensen, Shrikant Anant
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Deregulation of tumor suppressor and oncogenes is a key event in tumorigenesis and enhanced radioresistance. Post-transcriptional control of mRNA stability and translational control are important mechanisms by which these genes may be deregulated. We have previously demonstrated that RBM3, a glycine-rich RNA binding protein, is upregulated in cancers. Overexpression of RBM3 also transformed normal cells and led to tumor formation in vivo, suggesting that the protein is a protooncogene. Conversely, knockdown of RBM3 in cancer cells reduced tumor growth, in part due to cells undergoing mitotic catastrophe. Mitotic catastrophe is a common form of radiation-induced cell death. We are currently seeking to determine whether ectopic overexpression of RBM3 confers radioresistance. Our preliminary findings show increased survival of RBM3-overexpressing cells and a decrease in radiation-induced G2/M arrest. Additionally, RBM3 overexpression led to decreased expression level and activity of cellular machinery promoting apoptosis. Conversely, proteins related to cellular survival were upregulated in RBM3-overexpressing cells. The CDC20-APC complex protects cells from mitotic catastrophe by allowing the cells to transition successfully through anaphase. Inhibition of CDC20 therefore results in mitotic catastrophe. We recently observed that RBM3 overexpression resulted in CDC20 upregulation and increased the degradation of proteins regulated by the APC-CDC20 complex. Additionally, CDC20 activator Aurora Kinase B, but not Aurora Kinase A, was upregulated while CDC20 inhibitors Bub1b and Bub3 were downregulated. Preliminary findings would therefore suggest that RBM3 protects cells from mitotic catastrophe and does so in part by enhancement of anaphase. These findings imply that RBM3 confers radioresistance in part through upregulation of CDC20 and its enhancers and downregulation of its inhibitors, thereby preventing mitotic catastrophe. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2477. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2477
INCREASED MYOSTATIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED AMPK AND WORSENED CARDIAC FUNCTION IN HEART FAILURE WITH PREVIOUS INSULIN RESISTANCE
Authors: Estibaliz Castillero, Ruiping Ji, Samantha Wu, Hirokazu Akashi, Catherine Wang, Ziad Ali, H Lee Sweeney, P. Christian Schulze, Isaac George
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Abstract 5731: PET and fluorescence imaging of brain cancer with a dual modality probe based on sarcophagine cage
Authors: Shuanglong Liu, Chiun-Wei Huang, Li-Peng Yap, Ryan Park, Zibo Li, Peter S. Conti
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The development of a PET/optical imaging system is attractive because of the opportunity to obtain complementary data from two similar contrast mechanisms using one probe. Different from PET/CT or SPECT/CT, a linker is generally needed to efficiently incorporate PET tag, optical tag, and the biomarker together. Previously we developed a dicarboxyl-functionalized chelator (BaBaSar) derivatized from sarcophagine cage (denoted as Sar). BaBaSar has been used for 64Cu radiopharmaceutical development and the great in vivo stability of 64Cu-BaBaSar encouraged us to continue to derivatize the sarcophagine core for versatile conjugation styles with biomarkers. In this study, we synthesized a hetero-functionalized sarcophagine named BaAnSar: carboxyl group at one end of the Sar cage and amino group on the other end. The pendant hetero-arm could be further conjugated to multiple targeting ligands via biologically stable amide bonds. In order to prove the advantage of the this BaAnSar chelator, we chose dimeric c(RGDyK) peptide (denoted as RGD2), a well-known ligand targeting integrin αvβ3, onto the carboxyl side and fluorescent dye Cy5.5 on the amino functional side of the Sar cage. After labeling with 64Cu, a dual-modality probe, 64Cu-BaAnSar-RGD2-Cy5.5 was made and evaluated in U87MG tumor bearing nude mice. Both NIR fluorescence imaging and microPET clearly delineated the U87MG tumor from the surrounded normal tissue at 1, 4, and 20 h post injection of 64Cu-BaAnSar-RGD2-Cy5.5. The microPET quantification of U87MG tumor uptake was determined as 6.41 ± 0.28, 6.51 ± 1.45, and 5.92 ± 1.57 %ID/g at 1, 4, and 20 h post injection, respectively. Good correlation was also observed between the results measured by ex vivo PET and NIRF organ imaging. In conclusion, we have successfully developed a bifunctional chelator for dual PET and NIRF imaging probe construction. The BaAnSar chelator developed herein has the potential to enhance resolution for comprehensive visualization of the probe distribution and provides a rapid and efficient imaging method for basic research and potential clinical applications, especially as a visual guide during surgery. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5731. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5731
Indiscriminate Testing for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Abhishek Maiti, Nicholas J. Short, Michael H. Kroll
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

This Teachable Moment explains that increased awareness of type II thrombocytopenia has been associated with overtesting and inappropriate treatment and calls for more discriminate testing based on the well-validated 4T score.
Abstract P6-14-16: A Systematic Review of the Evidence for Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer beyond 2nd Line
Authors: D Lalla, M Sedelnikova, H Wieffer, M Brammer, R. Modha
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Optimal treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) post second-line is not well defined. Therapy options are limited by previous exposure, while HER2 status may remain relevant to decision-making. A systematic review was conducted to identify trials reporting efficacy data, and review the current treatment landscape for HER2+ and - patients for third and later line treatment of MBC. Methods: A systematic search strategy from Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane (CCTR) databases retrieved citations for two-stage review. Citations that reported 3rd or later line treatment of MBC patients were included. Selected conference proceedings from the last 3-5 years were searched for relevant abstracts and posters. Included studies were restricted to those with data reported for 10 or more patients. Results: 39 citations from 29 trials, investigating 22 treatment regimens, were identified which reported efficacy data specific for a 3rd or later line population: in 22 trials, this was a sub-group analysis of a mixed line population. 76% of included studies were single arm: only 1 RCT was identified. 21% of included studies investigated the treatment of HER2+ populations; no studies reported outcomes specific for the HER2- population. Overall response rate (ORR) was the most reported outcome. The majority of responses were partial, complete response was rarely observed beyond 2nd line. Overall and progression-free survival were rarely reported. The highest ORR was reported for mitomycin C and capecitabine in HER2 mixed patients. Table 1 presents response rates reported in HER2+ patients. Conclusions: There does not appear to be a standard regimen used in the treatment of patients beyond the second line. In patients with HER2+ breast cancer, T-DM1 had the highest reported response rate. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-14-16.