tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Maturation of the Secretion of Thyroid Hormone and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone in the Fetus
Authors: J. Guy Thorpe-Beeston, Kypros H. Nicolaides, Carl V. Felton, Joan Butler, Alan M. McGregor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Data on human fetal thyroid function have largely been derived from histologic studies or studies of cord-blood samples obtained at hysterotomy or delivery. These data may not represent true normal values. Cordocentesis (ultrasound-guided blood sampling from the umbilical cord) is a technique that allows investigation of physiologic processes in fetuses not under stress.We measured serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, total and free thyroxine (T4), total and free triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine-binding globulin in blood samples from 62 fetuses. The samples were obtained by cordocentesis (n = 58) or cardiocentesis (n = 4) at 12 to 37 weeks of gestation. Maternal serum samples were obtained immediately before fetal blood sampling.Fetal serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine-binding globulin, and total and free T4 and T3 concentrations increased significantly with the length of gestation (P less than 0.001). The only significant association among these variables, independent of the length of gestation, was between thyroid-stimulating hormone and free T4 (P less than 0.0001). Maternal serum concentrations of these variables did not change during gestation, and there was no significant relation between fetal and maternal values. Most fetal serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone were higher, whereas most serum total and free T3 concentrations were lower than the respective values for normal adults. The fetal serum total T4, free T4, and thyroxine-binding globulin values reached the level of the mean adult values at approximately 36 weeks of gestation.The increases in fetal serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine-binding globulin, and total and free T4 and T3 during gestation reflect increasing maturation of the pituitary, thyroid, and liver. The finding of increasing fetal serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the presence of increasing thyroid hormone concentrations suggests that the sensitivity of the fetal pituitary gland to negative feedback is limited or is counterbalanced by increasing stimulation by thyrotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus.
Megaloblastic Anemia of Infancy Secondary to Maternal Pernicious Anemia
Authors: Beatrice C. Lampkin, Nomie A. Shore, David Chadwick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

IN the United States deficiency of folic acid is the most common cause of megaloblastic anemia of infancy.1 Reports from European centers, predominantly from Italy, suggest that a deficiency of vitamin B12 is a common cause of megaloblastic anemia in infants.2 , 3 The majority of European cases have been reported in breast-fed infants and have responded to administration of vitamin B12 None of the mothers of the infants affected were reported to have pernicious anemia.A comprehensive discussion of megaloblastic anemia of infancy by Zuelzer and Rutzky4 included the notation of a five-month-old breast-fed infant with megaloblastic anemia who . . .
Removal of Bilirubin by Albumin Binding during Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Arthur P. Grollman, Gerard B. Odell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

Since the introduction of intermittent peritoneal dialysis by Grollman et al.1 in 1951 a number of reports have appeared attesting to its efficacy in the removal of dialyzable substances in acute renal failure,2 3 4 5 hypercalcemia,4 barbiturate intoxication,4 salt poisoning,6 salicylism7 and hepatic coma.8 The toxic substances involved in these conditions are water soluble and freely dialyzable. Bilirubin, however, is poorly soluble in water and is almost entirely bound to protein in icteric serum.9 The present report of a case of an unusual combination of acute hepatitis, drug-induced hemolytic anemia and renal failure describes the accelerated removal of bilirubin induced by the . . .
Stigmatizing Beliefs Regarding Street-Connected Children and Youth
Authors: Colette L. Auerswald, Ariella Goldblatt
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Temporal Trends in Breast Cancer Survival in Sweden: Significant Improvement in 20 Years2
Authors: Hans-Olov Adami, Birgitta Malker, Lars-Erik Rutqvist, Ingemar Persson, Lynn Ries
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Journal Article Temporal Trends in Breast Cancer Survival in Sweden: Significant Improvement in 20 Years Get access Hans-Olov Adami, Hans-Olov Adami Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Birgitta Malker, Birgitta Malker Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lars-Erik Rutqvist, Lars-Erik Rutqvist Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ingemar Persson, Ingemar Persson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lynn Ries Lynn Ries Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 76, Issue 4, April 1986, Pages 653–659, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/76.4.653 Published: 01 April 1986 Article history Received: 08 July 1985 Accepted: 18 December 1985 Published: 01 April 1986
Induction and Suppression of Endothelial Cell Apoptosis by Sphingolipids: A Possible In Vitro Model for Cell-Cell Interactions Between Platelets and Endothelial Cells
Authors: Nobuo Hisano, Yutaka Yatomi, Kaneo Satoh, Shigeo Akimoto, Masako Mitsumata, Masayuki A. Fujino, Yukio Ozaki
Journal: Blood (1999)
Synchronous Endometrial and Ovarian Carcinomas: Evidence of Clonality
Authors: Michael S. Anglesio, Yi Kan Wang, Madlen Maassen, Hugo M. Horlings, Ali Bashashati, Janine Senz, Robertson Mackenzie, Diljot S. Grewal, Hector Li-Chang, Anthony N. Karnezis, Brandon S. Sheffield, Melissa K. McConechy, Friedrich Kommoss, Florin A. Taran, Annette Staebler, Sohrab P. Shah, Diethelm Wallwiener, Sara Brucker, C. Blake Gilks, Stefan Kommoss, David G. Huntsman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Many women with ovarian endometrioid carcinoma present with concurrent endometrial carcinoma. Organ-confined and low-grade synchronous endometrial and ovarian tumors (SEOs) clinically behave as independent primary tumors rather than a single advanced-stage carcinoma. We used 18 SEOs to investigate the ancestral relationship between the endometrial and ovarian components. Based on both targeted and exome sequencing, 17 of 18 patient cases of simultaneous cancer of the endometrium and ovary from our series showed evidence of a clonal relationship, ie, primary tumor and metastasis. Eleven patient cases fulfilled clinicopathological criteria that would lead to classification as independent endometrial and ovarian primary carcinomas, including being of FIGO stage T1a/1A, with organ-restricted growth and without surface involvement; 10 of 11 of these cases showed evidence of clonality. Our observations suggest that the disseminating cells amongst SEOs are restricted to physically accessible and microenvironment-compatible sites yet remain indolent, without the capacity for further dissemination.
Beware of the content!—exosomes as benefactors and agitators
Authors: Imo E. Hoefer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2016)

This editorial refers to ‘Exosomes induce and reverse monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice’ by J.M. Aliotta et al ., pp. 319–330. 

Exosomes form part of the extracellular vesicle (EV) pool, consisting of different cell-derived structures generated from cytoplasmic and membrane components of their source cells. Exosomes are small membrane vesicles (30–100 nm) and can be released from multi-vesicular bodies spontaneously or in response to external signals, such as mechanic and chemical stimuli. Exosomes, like other EV, can act as inter-cellular messengers delivering different RNA species (e.g. miRNA) and proteins to remote organs and cells.1 Accordingly, exosomes can influence multiple biological processes such as immune responses2,3 or tumour growth4 and consequently have gained much attention as therapeutic targets. However, one must not be blind sighted by their potential beneficial effects. In this issue of Cardiovascular Research , Aliotta and co-workers5 extended their previous work on pulmonary hypertension (PAH) in mice by now pinpointing exosomes as the culprit EV fraction when inducing PAH by EV injection derived from monocrotaline (MCT)-treated mice.6 Infusion of the exosome …
Prescalene-Lymph-Node Biopsy
Authors: John T. Wilson, Eugene G. Laforet, John W. Strieder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

SCINCE its introduction by Daniels1 in 1949 the technic of prescalene-lymph-node biopsy has gained favor as a means of studying intrathoracic disease. The simplicity of the method has permitted its application in patients whose clinical condition is poor. However, questions have arisen regarding both its diagnostic value and its prognostic significance. The purpose of this report is to review 153 consecutive biopsies from these aspects. An attempt has been made not only to determine the frequency of positive diagnoses established by the procedure but also to assess the prognostic significance of the negative biopsies. In addition, the percentage of positive . . .
Lung Cancer and Vitamin Supplementation
Authors: William J. Blot, Jun-Yao Li, Philip R. Taylor, Bing Li
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: A randomized nutritional-intervention trial similar in scope and size to the Finnish alpha-tocopherol and beta carotene trial1 has been completed in Linxian, China, an area with one of the world's highest rates of esophageal and stomach cancer and habitually low intake of several nutrients2. We have previously reported3 that among the nearly 30,000 male and female participants, rates of mortality from cancer were significantly lower (relative risk, 0.87) among those who received daily supplementation from 1986 to 1991 with a combination of beta carotene (15 mg), alpha-tocopherol (30 mg), and selenium (50 μg). In this population, . . .
cd117 overexpression in neuroendocrine carcinomas
Authors: B. Erler, M. Finch, A. Hodges, K. Horowitz, T. Matulewicz, A. A. Topilow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

9595 BACKGROUND: Overexpression of receptor-type tyrosine kinase is found in various malignant tumors and may be associated with aggressive biologic potential. The CD117 (c-kit) tyrosine kinase oncoprotein is overexpressed in many tumors including neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) of the lung. Our hypothesis is that CD117 overexpression in NEC influences disease outcome. METHODS: Lesions from patients with low, intermediate and high-grade NEC were biopsied or resected from several anatomic sites (lung, GI tract, skin). The tumors were studied for CD117 overexpression. Archival formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue was immunostained with antibodies against CD117, p53 and Ki-67 using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. Staining was assessed quantitatively by four observers using a four-tiered (quartile) scoring method. Cases scoring 2+ or greater were considered positive (overexpressed). Survival of patients with high-grade NEC was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Tissue was analyzed from 106 subjects diagnosed between 1997 and 2003 (M:F=42:64, median age 66 years). NE tumors were distributed as follows: 20 low grade (typical carcinoid), 4 intermediate grade (atypical carcinoid) and 82 high grade (76 small cell, 1 large cell NEC, 5 Merkel cell). CD117 overexpression by tumor grade was distributed as follows: low-grade: 0% (0/20), intermediate-grade: 0% (0/4), high-grade: 66% (54/82). Survival analysis was performed on the subjects with high-grade NEC. High-grade NEC were classified as either positive for CD117 overexpression (n=54) or negative (n=28). There were Median survival time showed no significant survival difference between the two groups (P=0.25). CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that CD117 does not overexpress in low and intermediate-grade NE tumors and does overexpress in a high percentage of high-grade NEC. Given our small sample size, the overexpression or lack of expression in high-grade NEC does not appear to affect the aggressiveness of this disease in terms of survival. Also in our study, a high percentage of the high-grade NEC did overexpress CD117 and it is likely that imatinib (Gleevec) may be an effective form of therapy in this patient population. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Rickettsialpox in a New York City Hospital, 1980 to 1989
Authors: Elizabeth M. Kass, Wojciech K. Szaniawski, Howard Levy, James Leach, Krishna Srinivasan, Cornelia Rives
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Rickettsialpox is caused by Rickettsia akari, which is transmitted from rodents to humans by bloodsucking mites. The initial skin lesion forms an eschar and is followed by the development of fever, malaise, myalgia, and 5 to 40 maculopapules and papulovesicles. The disease, which responds to tetracycline, can be mistaken for chickenpox. The diagnosis has been based on an increase in serum antibody titers against R. akari over a period of three to eight weeks. We discuss a more rapid technique that uses direct immunofluorescence to identify R. akari in paraffin-embedded tissue, and we describe the histopathological findings of lesional skin.We studied 13 patients (age, 11 months to 58 years) who were seen at Lincoln Hospital in New York City from 1980 to 1989 and were suspected of having rickettsialpox. In nine patients serum samples were obtained during the acute and convalescent phases of the illness for indirect fluorescent-antibody testing. Punch-biopsy specimens of skin lesions were examined by microscopy and by direct fluorescent-antibody testing with an anti-R. rickettsii globulin conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate.The diagnosis was confirmed in all 13 patients by indirect or direct fluorescent-antibody techniques. Direct fluorescent-antibody testing of eschars from seven patients was positive in five patients, but negative in two patients who had serologically confirmed rickettsialpox. In contrast, direct fluorescent-antibody testing of papulovesicles from nine patients was positive in only one patient. Histopathological analysis of the eschars revealed extensive necrosis and inflammation. In biopsy specimens of papulovesicles, dermal edema, subepidermal vesicles, and vascular changes were present.The combination of direct fluorescent-antibody testing of an eschar from the presumed site of inoculation and histopathological examination of papulovesicles for distinctive features represents an improved method of diagnosing rickettsialpox.
Albinism and Abnormal Platelet Function
Authors: L. J. Logan, S. I. Rapaport, I. Maher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

A girl with total albinism and a hereditary mild bleeding disorder was found to have a prolonged bleeding time and impaired platelet aggregation upon incubation of her platelet-rich plasma with connective tissue, epinephrine and thrombin. She is the third known albinic patient in whom this type of intrinsic platelet disorder (primary dysfunction of platelet-adenosine diphosphate release) has been documented. Twelve other albinic patients with prolonged bleeding times described in earlier reports probably represent additional examples of albinism associated with platelet dysfunction. The parents and three nonalbinic siblings of our patient had normal platelet-function studies, suggesting that primary dysfunction of platelet-adenosine diphosphate release associated with albinism is transmitted by a recessive gene. The absence of evidence of vertical transmission of abnormal bleeding in the other albinic kinships in the literature supports this conclusion.
Weights of Newborn Infants
Authors: P. E. Sylvester
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Clothes, suits of armour, doorways, and sometimes furniture seen in museums and ancestral homes often give the impression, perhaps incorrectly, that our ancestors were smaller than ourselves.While working on a longitudinal growth study at the Child Study Centre an opportunity presented itself to put this intriguing impression to the test, at least so far as newborn infants were concerned.It was conceived that if a number of suitable infants' period garments could be found and measured then it might be possible to ascertain the size of the wearers A pair of eighteenth-century muslin, christening mitts.The fingers were expooed beyond the palm but covered at the back by a flap.(Victoria and Albert Museum.
Chlorambucil Treatment of Frequently Relapsing Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Warren E. Grupe, Sudesh P. Makker, Julie R. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Chlorambucil, in combination with prednisone, was compared with prednisone alone in a randomized controlled trial in 21 children with either steroid-dependent or frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome to assess its effect on the duration of remission and the rate of relapse. All control patients treated with prednisone alone continued to relapse at the same rate, with all patients experiencing a return of proteinuria by seven months. Conversely, those who received the same prednisone therapy along with chlorambucil for six to 12 weeks remained in complete remission, without further medication, during 12 to 34 months of follow-up observation. Complications were minimal. Immediate side effects commonly reported with cyclophosphamide were not seen with chlorambucil. Comparison with published reports also suggests that remission induced by chlorambucil is more stable than that after cyclophosphamide. Chlorambucil appears to be of value in the frequently relapsing nephrotic patient, adding an effect that is unattainable with prednisone alone.
<i>EGFR</i> Fusions as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Lung Cancer
Authors: Kartik Konduri, Jean-Nicolas Gallant, Young Kwang Chae, Francis J. Giles, Barbara J. Gitlitz, Kyle Gowen, Eiki Ichihara, Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Vijay Peddareddigari, Suresh S. Ramalingam, Satyanarayan K. Reddy, Beth Eaby-Sandy, Tiziana Vavalà, Andrew Whiteley, Heidi Chen, Yingjun Yan, Jonathan H. Sheehan, Jens Meiler, Deborah Morosini, Jeffrey S. Ross, Philip J. Stephens, Vincent A. Miller, Siraj M. Ali, Christine M. Lovly
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2016)

Here, we report that novel epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene fusions comprising the N-terminal of EGFR linked to various fusion partners, most commonly RAD51, are recurrent in lung cancer. We describe five patients with metastatic lung cancer whose tumors harbored EGFR fusions, four of whom were treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) with documented antitumor responses. In vitro, EGFR-RAD51 fusions are oncogenic and can be therapeutically targeted with available EGFR TKIs and therapeutic antibodies. These results support the dependence of EGFR-rearranged tumors on EGFR-mediated signaling and suggest several therapeutic strategies for patients whose tumors harbor this novel alteration.We report for the first time the identification and therapeutic targeting of EGFR C-terminal fusions in patients with lung cancer and document responses to the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib in 4 patients whose tumors harbored EGFR fusions. Findings from these studies will be immediately translatable to the clinic, as there are already several approved EGFR inhibitors. Cancer Discov; 6(6); 601-11. ©2016 AACR.See related commentary by Paik, p. 574This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 561.
Assessing the clinical significance of real-time quality of life data in cancer patients treated with radiation therapy.
Authors: Michele Y. Halyard, Angelina D. Tan, Pamela J. Atherton, William Wong, Steven E. Schild, Sujay A. Vora, Jonathon Ashman, Matthew Callister, Denise Ciafone, Pamela Zimmerman, Paula Phillips, Joan Mortarotti, Janice Kruse, Hermenigilda Luna, Jillian Olson, Patricia Burris, Brian Young, Amylou C. Dueck, Jeff A. Sloan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

6108 Background: This pilot study evaluated whether providing clinicians with patient(pt) QOL results and symptom management pathways linked to QOL domains at the time of clinical appointment would result in improvement in QOL and treatment (tx) satisfaction. The objective was to obtain preliminary effect size estimates and logistical evidence for design of a larger, definitive trial. Methods: Oncology pts receiving 5-7 weeks of radiotherapy (RT) electronically completed QOL assessments (LASA) at baseline and biweekly prior to seeing clinicians. Was It Worth It (WIWI) and Interpersonal Patient-Provider Relationship (IPPRS) were measured at tx end. Pt endpoints (pro-rated primary endpoint LASA area under the curve (AUC), LASA changes from baseline, and WIWI responses) and clinician endpoints (IPPRS) were compared between the control group (Phase 1: no QOL feedback) and the intervention group (Phase 2: QOL feedback) via Wilcoxon, Chi-square and Fisher Exact tests. There was 80% power to detect a 10 point difference in average AUC. Results: 148 pts enrolled (79 Phase 1, 69 Phase 2) from 11/28/2008 to 09/20/2011 (sites GI (27%), Lung (22%) and Head and Neck (52%)). 68% received RT and chemo. There were consistently moderate effect sizes observed but no statistically significant differences in any AUC nor end of tx change from baseline scores. 20% fewer pts in phase 2 reported clinical deficits in overall QOL (pain). In pts receiving 7 weeks of RT, end of tx average overall QOL, mental well-being (WB), physical WB and pain severity were significantly better in Phase 2 pts. WIWI results showed 76% found participation worthwhile, 95% would participate again, and 92% would recommend the study to others. No differences between groups were found in communication between clinicians and pts (IPPRS). Conclusions: Preliminary estimates indicate potentially clinically significant improvements of moderate effect size in mental and physical WB and pain severity when clinicians received QOL real time with symptom management pathways. Further study is warranted in larger trial setting.