tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Psychopathology and mental retardation: a statistical study of 100 mentally retarded children treated at a psychiatric clinic: II. hyperactivity
Authors: I Philips, N Williams
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

The authors studied 100 mentally retarded children referred to a psychiatric clinic and found that 39 were hyperactive. However, there was no significant relationship between hyperactivity and mental retardation (with or without psychosis) or brain damage. Comparison with a group of nonretarded children revealed no significant difference regarding hyperactivity, thus suggesting that the disorder is not an inevitable concomitant of mental retardation.
Soundings: Of evolution and homosexuality
Authors: Imre Loefler
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Except for the Pope and President Bush, and their respective phalanxes, everyone, including the BMJ, is eager to proclaim that homosexuality is not an aberration. So far no one seems to have recognised its evolutionary role.

The survival value of homosexuality for the human species is to be found in its effect on population growth. Anyone who is worried about environmental degradation caused by the growth of the human population should promote homosexuality. Indeed, it would be desirable if most people became homosexual and only a small, selected proportion of humans of every recognisable subgroup attended to the modest reproductive needs of the species.

All the effort, emotion, and money spent on family planning could be saved, and disgusting and unnatural practices of contraception—such as genital mutilation, various prophylactic methods, and even withdrawal and the observance of cervical mucus—could be done away with. Indeed, homosexual sex is akin to organic farming inasmuch as it eschews artifice, yet it yields pleasure and elation and, often, pure love.

The ideal social organisation of mankind in this overcrowded world would be one in which the majority lived in homosexual monogamy. If homosexuality became the norm, population numbers would decline precipitously.

From the point of view of the species, the survival value of this arrangement is obvious. The concept of cultural evolution can explain how the paradigm leap came about, for so far “natural” evolution has been known to work only through the machinery of reproduction and not its negation. Avoiding reproduction is a cultural activity par excellence.

As far as recruitment into the breeding groups is concerned, in the immediate future there will be no shortage of volunteers. But eventually, as the breeders will become a minority, there is the danger that they will be discriminated against. Protection of “aberrant” behaviour such as reproduction will be just as much in the interest of the species as is now the upholding of homosexual rights for the sake of reversing population growth.

Prejudice against homosexual marriage will diminish as soon as people realise that that newly established institution is a guarantor of “natural” population policy.
<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>Complex Infection in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: C R Horsburgh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

ORGANISMS of the Mycobacterium avium complex have long been recognized as an uncommon cause of pneumonia in persons with chronic lung disease.1 2 3 4 Organisms of this complex, which comprises two closely related species, M. avium and M. intracellulare, appear to have little virulence in the normal host. Before the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, disseminated infection with M. avium complex was extremely rare; by 1980, only 24 cases had been reported in the medical literature.5 Beginning in 1982, however, when the infection was recognized in patients with AIDS, the number of cases increased dramatically.At first, the minimal inflammatory response . . .
S35 Methylene blue staining differentiates non-small cell lung cancer tissue
Authors: P Riddell, EL Molloy, S Finnegan, EP Judge, KC Redmond, N Mulligan, M Maguire, S O’Dea, JJ Egan
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The early detection of lung cancer during bronchoscopy remains a diagnostic challenge. Chromobronchoscopy, using vital dyes, has the potential to aid diagnosis by highlighting areas of dysplastic or malignant change. There are limited numbers of studies in this field but results to date are conflicting. Using a novel electrospray system, we delivered targeted methylene blue (MB) to <i>ex vivo</i> human lung cancer tissue. The aim of this study was to identify whether MB provided a differential stain for lung cancer. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients undergoing surgical resection were consented to the study. Following lobectomy, fresh sections of cancerous and non-cancerous tissue were obtained. A range of concentrations of MB were applied topically to tissue sections by electrospray atomisation. Following delivery of MB, the tissue was washed with 0.9% saline and images captured. Results were classified in terms of intensity of dye uptake as well as differential staining between normal and cancerous tissue. <h3>Results</h3> 11 patients were included in this study. NSCLC was confirmed in all patients. 7 patients were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma and 4 patients with squamous cell carcinoma. A differential stain for lung cancer versus normal tissue was achieved (Figure 1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> These findings indicate that MB has the potential to differentiate malignant and healthy tissue in an <i>ex vivo </i>model. This study supports the utility of MB as a potential diagnostic aid in lung cancer surveillance.
Case 1-1989
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Peter B. Keesey, James F.K. Fitzgibbon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Presentation of CaseA 50-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver was admitted to the hospital because of gastrointestinal hemorrhage.There was a long history of alcohol abuse complicated by multiple minor injuries, withdrawal syndrome with grand mal seizures, delirium tremens, alcoholic hepatitis, acute pancreatitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and past ascites. Two and a half years before admission, on a routine visit to his physician, examination showed moderate icterus and numerous spider angiomas. The liver was markedly enlarged, and the spleen was not felt; prominent external hemorrhoids were noted, and a stool specimen taken from the rectal glove gave a . . .
Heart rate reduction with esmolol is associated with improved arterial elastance in patients with septic shock: a prospective observational study
Authors: A. Morelli, M. Singer, V. M. Ranieri, A. D’Egidio, L. Mascia, A. Orecchioni, F. Piscioneri, F. Guarracino, E. Greco, M. Peruzzi, G. Biondi-Zoccai, G. Frati, S. M. Romano
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2016)
Roentgen Examination of Pleural Fluid: A Study of the Localization of Free Effusions, the Potentialities of Diagnosing Minimal Quantities of Fluid and Its Existence under Physiological Conditions
Authors: I HESSEN
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract B120: Wnt expression and the association with autophage protein in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Myung Ah Lee, Jin Hee Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Background: Aberrant wnt signaling pathway and contribution of autophagy have been documented in many types of human cancers. However, the association between and autophage-related protein has not been studied in pancreatic cancer. We analyzed the expression of wnt protein and autophage-related protein in pancreatic cancer to determine the association and its clinical significance. Materials and Methods: From January 2001 to December 2009, paraffin embedded blocks from 74 patients undergone pancreatic resection for the treatment of pancreatic cancer were used in the present study. We performed immunohistochemical staining for wnt3, wnt5a, ß-catenin in wnt signaling pathway and Atg5, Ambra1, Beclin-1, LC3, Bif-1 in the fields of autophage related protein. We reviewed the clinicopathologic characteristics and analyzed the association between wnt signaling pathway and the autophage. Results: In 74 patients, the expression rates of wnt protein were 68.9% for wnt3, 83.8% for wnt5a and 54.9% for ß-catenin. The wnt3 expression was more frequent in pancreatic head than in body or tail (p = 0.039) and ß-catenin was more commonly expressed in negative lymphatic invasion (p = 0.032). The wnt 3 expression is positively associated with ATG5 (p=0.004), Ambra1 (p=0.004), Beclin (p=0.022), and LC3 (p=0.002). The wnt5 expression also showed the correlation with ATG5 (p=0.01), Ambra1 (p=0.026), Beclin (p=0.012), and LC3 (p=0.003). There was no prognostic significance association between survival outcome and wnt expression. Conclusion: In pancreatic cancer, wnt protein expression was very high, showing association with autophage-related protein. To determine the clinical significance of these protein expressions, we are currently ongoing further research. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Myung Ah Lee, Jin Hee Park. Wnt expression and the association with autophage protein in pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Innovations in Research and Treatment; May 18-21, 2014; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B120.
Case 13-1990
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Charles Eil, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Presentation of CaseA 23-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of primary amenorrhea, an abnormal karyotype, and bilateral inguinal masses.Except for an appendectomy at five years of age for appendicitis with perforation and the usual childhood diseases the patient was well all her life but had never menstruated. Her breasts began to develop at the age of 16 years. Three months before admission she was first seen at this hospital. The serum follicle stimulating hormone was 45.1 IU per liter (normal, 5 to 20), the serum luteinizing hormone (LH) 42 IU per liter (normal, 5 to 25), . . .
Abstract 4958: Melanoma transition is frequently accompanied by a loss of cytoglobin, a putative tumor suppressor, in melanocytes
Authors: Yoshihiko Fujita, Satoshi Koinuma, Marco De Velasco, Bolz Jan, Yosuke Togashi, Masato Terashima, Hidetoshi Hayashi, Takuya Matsuo, Kazuto Nishio
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Cytoglobin (CYGB), a new member of the globin family, remains to be characterized. To assess its expression in human malignancies, we screened a number of cell lines originated from many tissues, and found that several, but not all, melanoma cell lines expressed CYGB mRNA and protein at much higher levels than cells of other origins. Melanocytes, the primary origin of melanoma, also expressed CYGB at a high level. Bisulfite-modified genomic sequencing revealed that several melanoma cell lines that abrogated CYGB expression were found to be epigenetically regulated by hypermethylation in the promoter region of CYGB gene. The RNAi-mediated knockdown of the CYGB transcript in CYGB expression-positive melanoma cell lines resulted in increased proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometric analysis using an indicator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) revealed that the CYGB knockown enhanced the cellular ROS level, which may be involved in the antiproliferative effect of CYGB. Thus, CYGB appears to play a tumor suppressive role as a ROS regulator, and its epigenetic silencing, as observed in CYGB expression-negative melanoma cell lines, might function as an alternative pathway in the melanocyte-to-melanoma transition. Citation Format: Yoshihiko Fujita, Satoshi Koinuma, Marco De Velasco, Bolz Jan, Yosuke Togashi, Masato Terashima, Hidetoshi Hayashi, Takuya Matsuo, Kazuto Nishio. Melanoma transition is frequently accompanied by a loss of cytoglobin, a putative tumor suppressor, in melanocytes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4958. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4958
Antiretroviral Therapy after Cryptococcal Meningitis
Authors: David R Boulware, David B Meya
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

1. Isaacs JD, Zuckerman A, Krishnaswami S, et al. Changes in serum creatinine in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis treated with tofacitinib: results from clinical trials. Arthritis Res Ther 2014;16:R158. 2. Kremer J, Kivitz AJ, Simon-Campos JA, et al. Evaluation of the effect of tofacitinib on measured glomerular filtration rate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2014;73:Suppl 2:222. abstract. 3. Kahn C, Cohen S, Bradley JD, et al. Tofacitinib for rheumatoid arthritis. Presented at the Tofacitinib Arthritis Advisory Committee Meeting, Silver Spring, MD, May 9, 2012 (http://www.fda.gov/ downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/ Drugs/ArthritisAdvisoryCommittee/UCM304200.pdf). 4. Kremer JM, Bloom BJ, Breedveld FC, et al. The safety and efficacy of a JAK inhibitor in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIa trial of three dosage levels of CP-690,550 versus placebo. Arthritis Rheum 2009;60:1895-905. [Erratum, Arthritis Rheum 2012; 64:1487.] 5. Winthrop KL, Racewicz A, Lee EB, et al. Evaluation of influenza and pneumococcal vaccine responses in rheumatoid arthritis patients using tofacitinib. Arthritis Rheum 2012;64:Suppl: S550. abstract.
Abstract 53: Pathogenic role of DNA Single Strand Break Accumulation in Heart Failure
Authors: Tomoaki Higo, Atsuhiko Naito, Yasushi Sakata, Issei Komuro
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Various environmental stress including reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes nuclear DNA damage. Increased production of ROS is observed in the failing heart and is considered as one of the causes of heart failure. Accumulating evidences suggest the presence of DNA damage in the failing heart, however, mechanistic link that connects DNA damage and heart failure remains elusive. Here, we show that DNA single strand break (SSB) accumulates in the failing heart and that SSB accumulation induces cell-autonomous inflammation through activation of DNA damage response (DDR) signaling pathway. Using alkaline- and neutral comet assay, we found that SSB is increased in the failing heart of pressure overload. Using in vitro model, we found that SSB accumulation activates ataxia talengiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase, which in turn induces nuclear translocation of NF-kB and increases the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Our findings suggest that SSB accumulation in cardiomyocytes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of heart failure by activating DDR pathway and subsequent cell-autonomous inflammation. SSB accumulation is supposed to be characteristic to post-mitotic cells like cardiomyocytes because unrepaired SSB usually develops into DNA double strand break and lead to catastrophic cellular death in mitotic cells. Approaches targeting efficient SSB repair or DDR pathway may become a novel therapeutic strategy against heart failure.
Inpatient chemotherapy and risk for venous thromboembolism
Authors: T. Sousou, A. Khorana
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

9092 Background: Chemotherapy is a known risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE) but contemporary rates and risk factors for chemotherapy-associated VTE are not well described. Furthermore, it is linked to increased hospital length of stay and has negative impact on patient quality of life (QOL). Methods: We used discharge codes to identify all patients admitted to the University of Rochester Medical Center in Rochester, NY from January, 2000 through December, 2005 for chemotherapy and conducted a retrospective chart review to identify those that developed VTE. Inclusion criteria consisted of patients with a malignancy, age greater than eighteen years and no prior history of VTE. VTE was defined as any deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) occurring within 4 weeks of receiving inpatient chemotherapy. Results: A total of 659 patients were admitted for inpatient chemotherapy during the study period. Fifty-four patients developed a DVT and 14 patients developed a PE for a total VTE rate of 9.6%. Median time to developing VTE was 12 days (range, 1 to 28 days). Common sites of cancer among patients who developed VTE included lymphoma (36%) followed by leukemia (28%), multiple myeloma (13%) and gastrointestinal malignancies (8%) among others. Fifteen patients (23%) had stage IV disease. Twelve patients (18%) had a pre-chemotherapy platelet count greater than 350,000/mm 3 , a known risk factor for chemotherapy-associated VTE. Conclusions: VTE is common in patients receiving chemotherapy, including those with hematologic malignancies and can have significant impacts on patient QOL. The risk for VTE extends beyond the period of inpatient hospitalization. Increased efforts to improve compliance with thromboprophylaxis are warranted to reduce the burden of VTE among cancer patients receiving inpatient chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract LB-275: Beneficial regulation of metabolic profiles by black raspberries in human colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Pan Pan, Chad Skaer, Steven Stirdivant, Matthew R. Young, Gary Stoner, John Lechner, Yi-Wen Huang, Li-Shu Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Objectives: Dietary intervention of freeze-dried black raspberries (BRBs) in a group of human colorectal cancer patients has demonstrated beneficial effects, including pro-apoptosis, anti-proliferation and anti-angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate BRB-mediated metabolite changes from this same cohort of patients. Methods: 28 colorectal cancer patients were given 60 g BRB powder daily for 1-9 weeks. Urine and plasma specimens were collected before and after BRB intervention. A comprehensive mass spectrometry-based nontargeted metabolomic analysis was conducted on each specimen. Results: A total of more than 400 metabolites were annotated in each specimen. Of these 69 and 58 metabolites were significantly changed by BRBs in urine and plasma, respectively. An increased level of 4-methylcatechol sulfate was correlated with a higher apoptotic marker (TUNEL) in post-BRB tumors, while a decreased level of N-acetylglycine was correlated with a lower cell proliferation marker (Ki67) in post-BRB tumors. Cis-aconitate and isocitrate, two tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites, were increased in post-BRB urine. Fatty acid β-oxidation and synthesis were decreased in post-BRB plasma. In addition, BRB-derived polyphenols were absorbed and metabolized to various benzoate species, which were significantly increased in post-BRB specimens. Increased benzoate levels were positively correlated with enhanced amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism but were negatively correlated with decreased fatty acid metabolism. Conclusion: These results suggest that BRBs may induce systemic changes that affect energy generating pathways. This study supports the hypothesis that BRBs might be beneficial to colorectal cancer patients through altering multiple intrinsic metabolic pathways. Citation Format: Pan Pan, Chad Skaer, Steven Stirdivant, Matthew R. Young, Gary Stoner, John Lechner, Yi-Wen Huang, Li-Shu Wang. Beneficial regulation of metabolic profiles by black raspberries in human colorectal cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-275. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-275
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Committee Approach
Authors: Nevin S. Scrimshaw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

A review of the history of international efforts to establish protein requirements and safe allowances for healthy adults reveals the difficulties of the expert-committee approach to problems of this nature. Although it is preferable to less democratic approaches, the committees involved often acted without sufficient knowledge of the relevant literature and seldom had time to study and evaluate unpublished data presented at the meetings. Moreover, the available data are still inadequate for the purpose, even though each meeting report has stimulated additional relevant research. Research since the 1971 meeting of the FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Energy and Protein Requirements has already cast doubt on its recommendations. Recent evidence suggests that the "safe allowance of protein" that it proposed is inadequate for long-term maintenance of healthy in young adults even when energy intakes are wholly adequate or even excessive.