tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expanded lung T-bet<sup>+</sup>RORγT<sup>+</sup> CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cells in sarcoidosis patients with a favourable disease phenotype
Authors: Ylva Kaiser, Rico Lepzien, Susanna Kullberg, Anders Eklund, Anna Smed-Sörensen, Johan Grunewald
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

Disease phenotypes of pulmonary sarcoidosis are distinguished by clinical rather than immunological criteria. We aimed to characterise patterns of CD4 + T-cell lineage plasticity underlying the differences in clinical presentation and disease course between the acute form, Löfgren's syndrome, and the heterogeneous, potentially progressive “non-Löfgren” form. 33 pulmonary sarcoidosis patients and nine controls underwent bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage. CD4 + T-cell transcription factor, chemokine receptor and T-cell receptor expression, proliferation and cytokine production were assessed in the lavage fluid and peripheral blood using flow cytometry and multicolour FluoroSpot. CD4 + T-cells simultaneously expressing the T-helper cell (Th)1 and Th17 transcriptional regulators T-bet and RORγT (T-bet + RORγT + ) were identified in the lavage, but not blood, of all subjects, and to a significantly higher degree in Löfgren's patients. T-bet + RORγT + cells proliferated actively, produced interferon (IFN)γ and interleukin (IL)-17A, co-expressed the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR6, and correlated with nonchronic disease. T-cell receptor-restricted Vα2.3 + Vβ22 + T-cells strongly co-expressed T-bet/RORγT and CXCR3/CCR6. Cytokine production was more heterogeneous in Löfgren's patients, with significantly higher IL-17A, IL-10, IL-22 and IL-2, but lower IFNγ. Here we demonstrate the presence of lung T-bet + RORγT + CXCR3 + CCR6 + CD4 + T-cells and Th17-associated cytokines especially in sarcoidosis patients with a favourable prognosis, suggesting a Th1/Th17-permissive environment in the lung with implications for disease resolution.
Intolerance and extremism in a correctional institution: a perceived ethnic relations approach
Authors: N I Dishotsky, A Pfefferbaum
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

The authors used an ecological approach to analyze the interaction of ethnicity, environment, personality, and ideology that led to racial intolerance, ethnic strife, and the existence of a self-styled neo-Nazi group in a correctional institution for youthful offenders. Staff members completed a questionnaire on which they rated the behavior of each of 320 inmates toward his own and other ethnic groups. The inmate's membership, if any, in a "power" subgroup was also noted. Results indicated a correlation between antagonistic patterns of ethnic relations and receptivity to racial propaganda and ideology. Further research focusing on the perceived ethnic relations climate is necessary to determine whether the patterns found in this institution are typical and to ascertain explanations for this correlation.
Abstract PD3-03: Inhibition of the autocrine IL6-JAK2-STAT3-calprotectin axis as targeted therapy for HR-/HER2+ breast cancers
Authors: J Silva, R Rodriguez-Barrueco, J Yu, K Kalinsky, M Maurer, A Califano
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Although HER2+ tumors are commonly considered as a single entity there is increasing evidence indicating that important intrinsic differences associated to hormone receptor status (HR) exist. Indeed, while HR+/HER2+ patients benefit from anti-hormonal and HER2 targeted therapies, the outcome of HR-/HER2+ patients strongly depends on their response to chemotherapy as well as anti-HER2 therapy. To identify genes that represent novel mechanistic dependencies in HR-/HER2+ breast cancer cells, we designed an integrative approach that combines functional genomic (RNAi screens) and computational algorithms to interrogate regulatory networks reverse engineered. Our analysis identified STAT3 as a de novo master regulator (MR) gene associated to HER2 mediated transformation in HR- breast cancer cells. Importantly, we demonstrate that aberrant STAT3 activity is necessary to maintain HR-/HER2+ tumor state, thus representing a non-oncogene dependency. Mechanistically we found that HR-/HER2+ breast tumors secrete high levels of IL-6. This acts in an autocrine way to induce the activation of STAT3 via the canonical JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Aberrant STAT3 activity induces upregulation and secretion of the S100A8/9 complex (Calprotectin) triggering a second autocrine stimulus that enhances proliferation and survival via ERK1/2 and AKT. As a result, disruption of the "IL6-JAK2-STAT3-S100A8/9 cascade" compromises HR-/HER2+ cell viability suggesting that the components of this pathway represent putative therapeutic targets in HR-/HER2 tumors. Importantly, small molecule inhibitors and blocking antibodies for components of this double autocrine loop are already FDA approved or in clinical trials. Here, we demonstrate in vivo that blocking the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) with the humanized monoclonal antibody Tocilizumab, STAT3 inactivation with the dual JAK1/2 inhibitor Ruxolitinib or Calprotectin inhibition with the small molecule inhibitor Tasquinimod), alone or in combination with anti HER2 therapies, compromises the viability of HR-/HER2+breast cancer cells. Availability of FDA-approved inhibitors to target this novel mechanism represents an exciting opportunity for rapid translation of these findings to the clinics. Citation Format: Silva J, Rodriguez-Barrueco R, Yu J, Kalinsky K, Maurer M, Califano A. Inhibition of the autocrine IL6-JAK2-STAT3-calprotectin axis as targeted therapy for HR-/HER2+ breast cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD3-03.
OP0053 Factors Associated with Early Loss to Follow-Up in a Multicenter Longitudinal Rheumatoid Arthritis Cohort
Authors: D. Kim, Y.-K. Sung, S.-K. Cho, C.-B. Choi, S.-Y. Bang, H.-S. Cha, J.-Y. Choe, W.T. Chung, M. Her, S.-J. Hong, C.-I. Joung, J.-B. Jun, Y.O. Jung, Y.M. Kang, D.-Y. Kim, H.-R. Kim, H.A. Kim, J. Kim, S.-K. Kim, T.-H. Kim, T.-J. Kim, E. Koh, C.K. Lee, H.-S. Lee, J. Lee, S.-H. Lee, S.-H. Lee, S.-S. Lee, S.W. Lee, Y.-A. Lee, S.-S. Nah, S.-H. Park, D.H. Sheen, S.-C. Shim, G.G. Song, C.-H. Suh, D.-H. Yoo, W.-H. Yoo, B.Y. Yoon, S.-C. Bae
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Loss to follow-up can occur with many reasons, which influenced the outcomes of longitudinal cohort studies. <h3>Objectives</h3> To compare the characteristics of patients who lost to follow-up and patients who completed the 2 years of follow-up, and examine the associated factors for early loss to follow-up (ELTF). <h3>Methods</h3> The study subjects consisted of the KORONA cohort which is a multicenter longitudinal RA cohort. After excluding 1,119 patients who did not complete the 2 years of follow-up but still are actively participating, we divided the patients (n=4,257) into two groups; patients who lost to follow-up within 2 years (ELTF group), and patients who completed the 2 years of follow-up (FU group). Multivariate analysis was performed using the variables significant in univariate analyses and institutional factor. Institutions were divided in 3 groups based on the number of patients enrolled; A (largest) and C (smallest). <h3>Results</h3> ELTF group patients (n=1,674, 39%) were older (p=0.04) and less educated (p&lt;0.01). In a multivariate analysis, higher disease activity (OR 1.09, CI 1.02-1.16) and cardiovascular disease (CVD, OR 1.66, CI 1.17-2.34) at enrollment were risk factors for ELTF, whereas longer disease duration (OR 0.98, CI 0.97-0.99) and MTX use (OR 0.59, CI 0.49-0.70) were protective. Patients recruited from institutions of smaller numbers are likely to ELTF (C: OR. 7.65, CI 5.43-10.79, B: OR 3.27, CI 2.73-3.92, for A). <h3>Conclusions</h3> RA Patient who have higher disease activity and CVD at enrollment are likely to ELTF, while longer disease duration and MTX use were protective. In addition, institutional factor should be considered as one of main factors for ELTF. <h3>References</h3> Iannaccone CK, Fossel A, Tsao H, Cui J, Weinblatt M, Shadick N. Factors associated with attrition in a longitudinal rheumatoid arthritis registry. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013;65(7):1183-9. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Prevention of deep vein thrombosis.
Authors: N H Hills, J S Calnan, J J Pflug, K Jeyasingh
Journal: BMJ (1972)

troduction of modern, malleable fibre-optic endoscopes has been accompanied by a fall in the incidence of oesophageal injuries.However, even the most skilled endoscopist using the latest apparatus must still be ever awake to the risk of oesophageal damage."Smith and Tanner's' figure of one per- foration in every 300 gastroscopies and one perforation in every 100 oesophagoscopies refers to the use of rigid instruments; Arigae collected information on 123,900 gastro- scopies.The perforation rate with rigid in- struments was 0-065 % and with early fibre- scopes 0 03%.Its apparent safety is con- tributing to the rapid increase in the num- ber of fibre-endoscopies being performed in patients of all ages by endoscopists of varied experience.Instruments are becoming more complex and investigators more ambitious.It is therefore important to obtain accurate and up-to-date knowledge of the incidence of all the complications of modem fibre- endoscopy.We hope that this information will shortly be available from a survey being undertaken among members of the British Society for Digestive Endoscopy.-Weare, etc.,
A CASE OF PYOCELE OF THE FRONTAL SINUS
Authors: J. A. Gibb
Journal: BMJ (1921)

LTDICALJO 11 indeed rather worse.I then hesitated between advising suggestioni treatment anid injection of the Gasserian ganglion.He would not have the former, and, again against my better judge- ment, I injected him, this time through the foramen ovale, producing total and permanent fifth nerve anaesthesia.His eye anid corinea fortunately gave no trouble, but he was now even more complainilng of the pain, anid he therefore went to see a surgeon regarding gasserectomv, who, however, refused to do the operation when he found the fifth nerve area totally anaesthetic.Baulked in this, he went to yet another surgeon, who operated to remove his ganglioll; but the last I heard of him was that he was complaininig even more of pain.The moral of this tale is tbat it is unwise to attempt any form of surgical treatment for psychalgias, tlle pain is apt to get worse, or spread to another area, and once an opera- tion has been performed, it is most difficult for another practitioner to sift the real from the false and to make a diagnosis.in~~~Ã
Paradoxical reaction to L-dopa in schizophrenic patients
Authors: M Alpert, A J Friedhoff, L R Marcos, F Diamond
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

The authors administered 6 g of L-dopa to 8 schizophrenic patients and 750 mg of chlorpromazine to 7 schizophrenic patients. Chlorpromazine showed only a modest advantage over L-dopa and only on some Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale factor scores, and at maximum dosage the thought disturbance factor score in the L-dopa-treated group was not worse than at baseline. The results suggest that L-dopa is associated more with toxic than with schizophreniform symptoms and that there is adaptation to its effects. The authors discuss implications of these findings for the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia.
Nutrition and Metabolism of Plant Tissue Cultures&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: H. E. Street
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1957)

Journal Article Nutrition and Metabolism of Plant Tissue Cultures Get access H. E. Street H. E. Street Department of Botany, University College of Swansea, Swansea, Wales Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 19, Issue 4, October 1957, Pages 467–494, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/19.4.467 Published: 01 October 1957 Article history Received: 28 May 1957 Published: 01 October 1957
Prospects for Creation of Cardioprotective and Antiarrhythmic Drugs Based on Opioid Receptor Agonists
Authors: Leonid N Maslov, Igor Khaliulin, Peter R. Oeltgen, Natalia V. Naryzhnaya, Jian‐Ming Pei, Stephen A. Brown, Yury B. Lishmanov, James M. Downey
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2016)

Abstract It has now been demonstrated that the μ, δ 1 , δ 2 , and κ 1 opioid receptor (OR) agonists represent the most promising group of opioids for the creation of drugs enhancing cardiac tolerance to the detrimental effects of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Opioids are able to prevent necrosis and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes during I/R and improve cardiac contractility in the reperfusion period. The OR agonists exert an infarct‐reducing effect with prophylactic administration and prevent reperfusion‐induced cardiomyocyte death when ischemic injury of heart has already occurred; that is, opioids can mimic preconditioning and postconditioning phenomena. Furthermore, opioids are also effective in preventing ischemia‐induced arrhythmias.
Preventable Incidence and Mortality of Carcinoma Associated With Lifestyle Factors Among White Adults in the United States
Authors: Mingyang Song, Edward Giovannucci
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Lifestyle factors are important for cancer development. However, a recent study has been interpreted to suggest that random mutations during stem cell divisions are the major contributor to human cancer. <h3>Objective</h3> To estimate the proportion of cases and deaths of carcinoma (all cancers except skin, brain, lymphatic, hematologic, and nonfatal prostate malignancies) among whites in the United States that can be potentially prevented by lifestyle modification. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This prospective cohort study analyzes cancer and lifestyle data from the Nurses’ Health Study, the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, and US national cancer statistics to evaluate associations between lifestyle and cancer incidence and mortality. <h3>Exposures</h3> A<i>healthy lifestyle pattern</i>was defined as never or past smoking (pack-years &lt;5), no or moderate alcohol drinking (≤1 drink/d for women, ≤2 drinks/d for men), BMI of at least 18.5 but lower than 27.5, and weekly aerobic physical activity of at least 75 vigorous-intensity or 150 moderate-intensity minutes. Participants meeting all 4 of these criteria made up the low-risk group; all others, the high-risk group. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> We calculated the population-attributable risk (PAR) by comparing incidence and mortality of total and major individual carcinomas between the low- and high-risk groups. We further assessed the PAR at the national scale by comparing the low-risk group with the US population. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 89 571 women and 46 339 men from 2 cohorts were included in the study: 16 531 women and 11 731 men had a healthy lifestyle pattern (low-risk group), and the remaining 73 040 women and 34 608 men made up the high-risk group. Within the 2 cohorts, the PARs for incidence and mortality of total carcinoma were 25% and 48% in women, and 33% and 44% in men, respectively. For individual cancers, the respective PARs in women and men were 82% and 78% for lung, 29% and 20% for colon and rectum, 30% and 29% for pancreas, and 36% and 44% for bladder. Similar estimates were obtained for mortality. The PARs were 4% and 12% for breast cancer incidence and mortality, and 21% for fatal prostate cancer. Substantially higher PARs were obtained when the low-risk group was compared with the US population. For example, the PARs in women and men were 41% and 63% for incidence of total carcinoma, and 60% and 59% for colorectal cancer, respectively. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> A substantial cancer burden may be prevented through lifestyle modification. Primary prevention should remain a priority for cancer control.
Systematic analysis of research on religious variables in four major psychiatric journals, 1978-1982
Authors: D B Larson, E M Pattison, D G Blazer, A R Omran, B H Kaplan
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

The authors conducted a systematic analysis of quantitative research on religious variables found in four psychiatric journals between 1978 and 1982. Of the 2,348 psychiatric articles reviewed, 59 included a quantified religious variable. In this research, the religious variable chosen was most often a single static measure of religion rather than multiple dynamic measures. In addition, other available religious research was seldom cited. Comparison with systematic analyses of religious research in psychology and sociology suggests that psychiatric research lacks conceptual and methodological sophistication. The data suggest that the academic knowledge and skills needed to evaluate religion have not been absorbed into the psychiatric domain.
The Diffusion-Chamber Technique Applied to a Study of the Nature of Homograft Resistance
Authors: Richmond T. Prehn, James M. Weaver, Glenn H. Algire
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1954)

Journal Article The Diffusion-Chamber Technique Applied to a Study of the Nature of Homograft Resistance Get access Richmond T. Prehn, Richmond T. Prehn National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James M. Weaver, James M. Weaver National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Glenn H. Algire Glenn H. Algire National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 15, Issue 3, December 1954, Pages 509–517, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/15.3.509 Published: 01 December 1954 Article history Received: 19 August 1954 Published: 01 December 1954
Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Mechanical VentilationT he support of respiration (breathing) with devices is known as mechanical ventilation.Mechanical ventilation, provided by ventilators, is used routinely when persons have general anesthesia (unconsciousness) for operations, for critically ill individuals who are in intensive care units (ICUs), and on an outpatient basis for some persons who cannot breathe on their own.The amount of oxygen (up to a maximum of 100% oxygen) can be adjusted to the patient' s needs.The volume of respiration per breath (tidal volume) and number of respirations per minute can also be regulated.Chest x-rays, arterial blood gases (blood samples that measure the content of oxygen and carbon dioxide), and continual observation (including listening to the lungs and feeling the pulses) of the patient help to guide doctors and nurses in caring for individuals who need mechanical ventilation.To provide mechanical ventilation, an endotracheal tube must be inserted into a patient' s trachea from the mouth or the nose.The procedure, known as intubation, is most often done after giving sedative medications, or, in the case of general anesthesia, after medications are given to produce unconsciousness to ensure the patient' s comfort.In emergency situations (such as cardiac arrest or during cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR]), intubation may be necessary as part of life support measures.The March 3, 2010, issue of JAMA includes an article about mechanical ventilation.
Mumps outbreak confined to a religious community
Authors: C A van den Bosch, B J Cohen, T Walters, L Jin
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2000)

One hundred and forty-four cases of mumps were notified in a religious community in London between July 1998 and April 1999 and the infection was confirmed in 82% of those who underwent saliva testing (51/62). Half of the clinical and half of the confirme
Increased expression of <scp>CXCR</scp> 3 and its ligands in patients with vitiligo and <scp>CXCL</scp> 10 as a potential clinical marker for vitiligo
Authors: X. X. Wang, Q. Q. Wang, J. Q. Wu, M. Jiang, L. Chen, C. F. Zhang, L. H. Xiang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Vitiligo is a skin disorder characterized by loss of melanocytes from the epidermis. A recent study reported that CXCL10 is critical for the progression and maintenance of depigmentation in a mouse model of vitiligo, but there is very limited clinical data regarding this issue and little is known about the dynamic changes or correlations with disease severity of these chemokines throughout the disease course.To present clinical data that supports and identifies the pathway of CXCR3 and its ligands in T-lymphocytic cell recruitment in vitiligo.Cytometric bead array, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistology were used to examine their systemic and local expression in 80 patients with vitiligo and 40 controls.We showed that serum CXCL9 and CXCL10 were significantly elevated in patients with vitiligo and were higher in patients in progressive stages than in stable stages. The relative expression of CXCR3 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was higher in vitiligo. There were higher percentages of both circulating CXCR3(+) CD4(+) and CXCR3(+) CD8(+) T cells in patients with progressive vitiligo compared with controls, while only the expression of CXCR3(+) CD8(+) T cells increased in patients with stable vitiligo. Histological findings also demonstrated an abundance of CXCR3(+) cells within vitiligo lesions. Furthermore, serum CXCL10 levels were associated with Vitiligo Area Scoring Index scores of patients with progressive vitiligo and were reduced after successful treatment.The CXCL10/CXCR3 axis mediates T-cell recruitment into the skin in progressive vitiligo. Blocking this chemotactic mechanism may present a new form of therapy. Serum CXCL10 may be a novel biomarker in monitoring disease activity and guiding treatment of progressive vitiligo.
Association Between Ligand-Induced Conformational Changes of Integrin IIbβ3 and IIbβ3-Mediated Intracellular Ca2+ Signaling
Authors: Shigenori Honda, Yoshiaki Tomiyama, Toshiaki Aoki, Masamichi Shiraga, Yoshiyuki Kurata, Jiro Seki, Yuji Matsuzawa
Journal: Blood (1998)