tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Up-front Targeted Therapy Prior to Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in Treatment-Naive Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Neeraj Agarwal, Brian Shuch, Sumanta K. Pal
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

This Viewpoint cites a study demonstrating the potentials benefits of up-front therapy with pazopanib prior to cytoreductive nephrectomy in treatment-naïve patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
PWE-413 Lifestyle factors and cancer: investigating the current knowledge of u. k. medical students
Authors: S Luckman, E McLennan, J Xiao, S Moug
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> With at least one third of cancers being preventable, modifying patients’ lifestyle factors (weight, diet, smoking, alcohol, physical activity) should be an essential role for medical professionals although many feel unprepared.<sup>1,2,3</sup>This survey investigated the knowledge of future doctors on the important link between lifestyle factors and cancer. <h3>Method</h3> A Google Survey was sent to students at 7 U. K. medical schools using social media websites. Students provided their year of study, age and university. Students answered 9 questions (MCQs to short answer questions) on: knowledge of lifestyle factors and cancer; sources of information and type of clinicians witnessed giving lifestyle advice. <h3>Results</h3> 218 students (mean 21 years; range 18–32) completed the survey during the 14-day timeframe. Almost all responders (&gt;98%) recognised diet, alcohol, smoking and exercise were lifestyle factors); only 69% recorded that weight was a lifestyle factor. When asked about which cancers were affected by lifestyle factors: lung (96% of responders), liver (95%) and colorectal (85%) were the commonest; only 66% reported breast. Students were asked to describe which lifestyle factor impacted on which cancer with the majority reporting smoking/lung cancer, and alcohol/liver cancer; &lt;5% reported physical activity or weight as being linked to any cancer. 96% of responders thought lifestyle factors were important in causing cancer, 85% in treating cancer and 83% after cancer treatment. 77% of students had teaching at University on lifestyle factors and cancer with only 34% reporting this as good/very good. Students witnessed lifestyle advice to cancer patients mainly by GPs (60%) or consultants (39%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Medical students across the UK. report understanding of the relationship of lifestyle factors in certain cancers. However, this knowledge appears be limited to widely known relationships, rather than an understanding that all lifestyle factors, including weight and physical activity, affect almost all cancers. Universities are in a unique position to improve knowledge that could lead to improved cancer prevention. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> World Health Organisation. Cancer Prevention. www.who.int/cancer/prevention/en/Last accessed 27th February 2015 Cancer Research UK. Statistics on preventable cancers. www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/causes/preventable/Last accessed 27th February 2015 Anderson AS, Caswell S, Wells M, Steele RJ. Obesity and lifestyle advice in colorectal cancer survivors - how well are clinicians prepared? Colorectal Dis. 2013;15(8):949–57
Associations of Cognitive Function Scores with Carbon Dioxide, Ventilation, and Volatile Organic Compound Exposures in Office Workers: A Controlled Exposure Study of Green and Conventional Office Environments
Authors: Joseph G. Allen, Piers MacNaughton, Usha Satish, Suresh Santanam, Jose Vallarino, John D. Spengler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Background:The indoor built environment plays a critical role in our overall well-being because of both the amount of time we spend indoors (~90%) and the ability of buildings to positively or negatively influence our health. The advent of sustainable design or green building strategies reinvigorated questions regarding the specific factors in buildings that lead to optimized conditions for health and productivity.Objective:We simulated indoor environmental quality (IEQ) conditions in “Green” and “Conventional” buildings and evaluated the impacts on an objective measure of human performance: higher-order cognitive function.Methods:Twenty-four participants spent 6 full work days (0900–1700 hours) in an environmentally controlled office space, blinded to test conditions. On different days, they were exposed to IEQ conditions representative of Conventional [high concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)] and Green (low concentrations of VOCs) office buildings in the United States. Additional conditions simulated a Green building with a high outdoor air ventilation rate (labeled Green+) and artificially elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels independent of ventilation.Results:On average, cognitive scores were 61% higher on the Green building day and 101% higher on the two Green+ building days than on the Conventional building day (p &lt; 0.0001). VOCs and CO2 were independently associated with cognitive scores.Conclusions:Cognitive function scores were significantly better under Green+ building conditions than in the Conventional building conditions for all nine functional domains. These findings have wide-ranging implications because this study was designed to reflect conditions that are commonly encountered every day in many indoor environments.Citation:Allen JG, MacNaughton P, Satish U, Santanam S, Vallarino J, Spengler JD. 2016. Associations of cognitive function scores with carbon dioxide, ventilation, and volatile organic compound exposures in office workers: a controlled exposure study of green and conventional office environments. Environ Health Perspect 124:805–812; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510037
Mechanism of Experimental Tumorigenesis. V. Ultrastructural Alterations in Mouse Epidermis Caused by Span 60 and Tween 60-Type Agents&lt;xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Kai Setälä, Lauri Merenmies, Leo Stjernvall, Mauri Nyholm, Yrjö Aho
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1960)

Electron microscopic studies of the same material that previously had been analyzed histoquantitatively and by light microscopy demonstrated that all laboratory-synthesized products derived from Span 60 (sorbitan monostearate) brought about a special “Span 60 effect” in the interfollicular epidermis (IFE) of the back of the mouse. Correspondingly, all products of Tween 60 type (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate), which were obtained by adding, on an average, 20 units of ethylene oxide to these Spans, caused the “Tween 60 effect.” These two effects essentially differed from each other in both electron microscopic and light microscopic studies. All Span 60-type agents caused an accumulation of electron-dense material in the cytoplasm of basal cells, but no IFE hyperplasia. All Tween 60-type agents induced a high-degree IFE hyperplasia that lasted as long as the treatment. The daughter cells were cast off from their basal parents in a too-early stage of their maturation. This led to a consecutive, (i.e., secondary, and nonspecific delay in maturation of the epidermal cells. Simultaneously, cells in differentiation increased in amount. Except for the basal cells, all other cells in IFE hyperplasia caused by Tween 60-type agents were nonviable—doomed to die by differentiation.
Breastmilk fatty acids in relation to sensitization – the <scp>ALADDIN</scp> birth cohort
Authors: H. Rosenlund, S. Fagerstedt, J. Alm, A. Mie
Journal: Allergy (2016)

Abstract Background Breastmilk fatty acids ( FA s) have been associated with childhood allergic disease. Children of families with an anthroposophic lifestyle have a low prevalence of sensitization compared to reference groups. This study aimed to investigate whether the lower prevalence of sensitization among these children can be explained by the differences in breastmilk FA composition. Methods The prospective birth cohort ALADDIN included 330 children from anthroposophic, partly anthroposophic and nonanthroposophic families recruited between 2004 and 2007 in Sweden. In total, 245 breastmilk samples, collected at 2 months of age, were analysed for FA composition. Allergen‐specific IgE levels against seven common allergens were measured in the blood samples at the ages of 6, 12 and 24 months. Data were analysed longitudinally using generalized estimating equations. Results An inverse association was observed between total concentration of omega‐3 PUFA in breastmilk and sensitization in the child up to 24 months of age (highest vs lowest quartile, RR adj 0. 49, 95% CI 0.23–1.05, P for trend 0.024). No associations were observed between omega‐6 PUFA s or ruminant FA s and sensitization. Overall, we observed 56% lower risks of sensitization among the anthroposophic group compared to the nonanthroposophic group ( RR adj 0.44, 95% CI 0.21–0.90). This association remained largely unchanged when breastmilk omega‐3 PUFA was included in the model. Conclusion Our results indicate that a higher concentration of omega‐3 PUFA s in breastmilk may be associated with a reduced risk of sensitization up to 24 months of age; however, this did not explain the lower risk of sensitization among children of anthroposophic families.
Investigation of an outbreak of E. coli O157 infections associated with a trip to France of schoolchildren from Somerset, England
Authors: E Duffell, E Espié, T Nichols, G K Adak, H de Valk, J M Stuart
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2003)

A retrospective cohort study was conducted after 2 confirmed and 8 probable cases of VTEC 0157 occurred in a schoolgroup from Somerset following a trip to France. The strain of the 2 confirmed cases was vero-cytotoxin type 2, phage type 34. Despite its low statistical power due to small numbers, this study suggested the most likely vehicle of infection was cucumber salad (crude RR=4.3, 95%CI [0.6-29], adjusted OR=107, 95%CI indeterminate, p=0.08). The cucumbers were purchased from Belgium but it was not possible to trace them back to source. The international nature of this outbreak emphasises the importance of close collaboration between organisations in the management of outbreaks, of ensuring international standards in food safety, and of agreeing a common standard in VTEC typing across Europe.
Prognostic Significance Of Cytogenetic Complexity and Del(17p) At Diagnosis Of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Authors: Nyla A. Heerema, Natarajan Muthusamy, Amy S. Ruppert, Leslie A Andritsos, Michael R. Grever, Jeffrey A. Jones, Kami Maddocks, John C. Byrd
Journal: Blood (2013)
A report on the large measles outbreak in Lyon, France, 2010 to 2011
Authors: C Huoi, J S Casalegno, T Bénet, A Neuraz, G Billaud, D Eibach, Y Mekki, R Rudigoz, J Massardier, C Huissoud, M Massoud, P Gaucherand, O Claris, Y Gillet, D Floret, B Lina, P Vanhems
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

In 2010 and 2011, the city of Lyon, located in the Rhône-Alpes region (France), has experienced one of the highest incidences of measles in Europe. We describe a measles outbreak in the Lyon area, where cases were diagnosed at Lyon University hospitals (LUH) between 2010 and mid-2011. Data were collected from the mandatory notification system of the regional public health agency, and from the virology department of the LUH. All patients and healthcare workers who had contracted measles were included. Overall, 407 cases were diagnosed, with children of less than one year of age accounting for the highest proportion (n=129, 32%), followed by individuals between 17 and 29 years-old (n=126, 31%). Of the total cases, 72 (18%) had complications. The proportions of patients and healthcare workers who were not immune to measles were higher among those aged up to 30 years. Consequently, women of childbearing age constituted a specific population at high risk to contract measles and during this outbreak, 13 cases of measles, seven under 30 years-old, were identified among pregnant women. This study highlights the importance of being vaccinated with two doses of measles vaccine, the only measure which could prevent and allow elimination of the disease.
Characterization of a Polymer‐Based, Fully Organic Prosthesis for Implantation into the Subretinal Space of the Rat
Authors: Maria Rosa Antognazza, Mattia Di Paolo, Diego Ghezzi, Maurizio Mete, Stefano Di Marco, José Fernando Maya‐Vetencourt, Rita Maccarone, Andrea Desii, Fabio Di Fonzo, Mattia Bramini, Angela Russo, Lucia Laudato, Ilaria Donelli, Michele Cilli, Giuliano Freddi, Grazia Pertile, Guglielmo Lanzani, Silvia Bisti, Fabio Benfenati
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Replacement strategies arise as promising approaches in case of inherited retinal dystrophies leading to blindness. A fully organic retinal prosthesis made of conjugated polymers layered onto a silk fibroin substrate is engineered. First, the biophysical and surface properties are characterized; then, the long-term biocompatibility is assessed after implantation of the organic device in the subretinal space of 3-months-old rats for a period of five months. The results indicate a good stability of the subretinal implants over time, with preservation of the physical properties of the polymeric layer and a tight contact with the outer retina. Immunoinflammatory markers detect only a modest tissue reaction to the surgical insult and the foreign body that peaks shortly after surgery and progressively decreases with time to normal levels at five months after implantation. Importantly, the integrity of the polymeric layer in direct contact with the retinal tissue is preserved after five months of implantation. The recovery of the foreign-body tissue reaction is also associated with a normal b-wave in the electroretinographic response. The results demonstrate that the device implanted in nondystrophic eyes is well tolerated, highly biocompatible, and suitable as retinal prosthesis in case of photoreceptor degeneration.
Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type I Tax Transactivates the Promoter of Human Prointerleukin-1β Gene Through Association With Two Transcription Factors, Nuclear Factor–Interleukin-6 and Spi-1
Authors: Junichi Tsukada, Masahiro Misago, Yoko Serino, Ryosuke Ogawa, Syuichi Murakami, Masatsugu Nakanishi, Shinichi Tonai, Yoshihiko Kominato, Isao Morimoto, Philip E. Auron, Sumiya Eto
Journal: Blood (1997)
BLOOD DYSCRASIA FOLLOWING THE USE OF CHLORAMPHENICOL
Authors: R Ruvidić, Z Rolović, Lj Perović, D Obradović
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association of Biomarker-Based Treatment Strategies With Response Rates and Progression-Free Survival in Refractory Malignant Neoplasms
Authors: Maria Schwaederle, Melissa Zhao, J. Jack Lee, Vladimir Lazar, Brian Leyland-Jones, Richard L. Schilsky, John Mendelsohn, Razelle Kurzrock
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> The impact of a biomarker-based (personalized) cancer treatment strategy in the setting of phase 1 clinical trials was analyzed. <h3>Objective</h3> To compare patient outcomes in phase 1 studies that used a biomarker selection strategy with those that did not. <h3>Data Sources</h3> PubMed search of phase 1 cancer drug trials (January 1, 2011, through December 31, 2013). <h3>Study Selection</h3> Studies included trials that evaluated single agents, and reported efficacy end points (at least response rate [RR]). <h3>Data Extraction and Synthesis</h3> Data were extracted independently by 2 investigators. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Response rate and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared for arms that used a personalized strategy (biomarker selection) vs those that did not. Overall survival was not analyzed owing to insufficient data. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 346 studies published in the designated 3-year time period were included in the analysis. Multivariable analysis (meta-regression and weighted multiple regression models) demonstrated that the personalized approach independently correlated with a significantly higher median RR (30.6% [95% CI, 25.0%-36.9%] vs 4.9% [95% CI, 4.2%-5.7%];<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and a longer median PFS (5.7 [95% CI, 2.6-13.8] vs 2.95 [95% CI, 2.3-3.7] months;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Targeted therapy arms that used a biomarker-based selection strategy (n = 57 trials) were associated with statistically improved RR compared with targeted therapy arms (n = 177 arms) that did not (31.1% [95% CI, 25.4%-37.4%] vs 5.1% [95% CI, 4.3%-6.0%];<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Nonpersonalized targeted arms had outcomes comparable with those that tested a cytotoxic agent (median RR, 5.1% [95% CI, 4.3%-6.0%] vs 4.7% [95% CI, 3.6%-6.2%];<i>P</i> = .63; respectively; median PFS, 3.3 [95% CI, 2.6-4.0] months vs 2.5 [95% CI, 2.0-3.7] months;<i>P</i> = .22). Personalized arms using a "genomic (DNA) biomarker" had higher median RR than those using a "protein biomarker" (42.0% [95% CI, 33.7%-50.9%] vs 22.4% [95% CI, 15.6%-30.9%];<i>P</i> = .001). The median treatment-related mortality was not statistically different for arms that used a personalized strategy vs not (1.89% [95% CI, 1.36%-2.61%] vs 2.27% [95% CI, 1.97%-2.62%];<i>P</i> = .31). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this meta-analysis, most phase 1 trials of targeted agents did not use a biomarker-based selection strategy. However, use of a biomarker-based approach was associated with significantly improved outcomes (RR and PFS). Response rates were significantly higher with genomic vs protein biomarkers. Studies that used targeted agents without a biomarker had negligible response rates.
Lapatinib and continuous metronomic capecitabine in HER2 positive advanced breast cancer (ABC): a single center experience
Authors: L. Orlando, E.S. Lutrino, P. Fedele, A. Quaranta, C. Caliolo, P. Schiavone, C. Fontanella, A. Nacci, N. Calvani, M. D'Amico, A. Marino, E. Mazzoni, P. Rizzo, F. Sponziello, M.C. Chetrì, P. Ferrara, M. Cinefra, S. Cinieri
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Case 12-1976
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Fred S. Rosen, Robert T. McCluskey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 35-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of acute myeloblastic leukemia.He was well until four weeks previously, when an upper-respiratory-tract infection developed and persisted. On the day of entry he came to the clinic, where an abnormal blood count was found, and was admitted to the hospital.The temperature was 37.2°C, the pulse 90, and the respirations 18. The blood pressure was 100/70 mm Hg.On examination the patient appeared robust. Enlarged lymph nodes were found in the cervical, supraclavicular and inguinal regions bilaterally. The lungs were clear, and the heart . . .
Trends in Quit Attempts Among Adult Cigarette Smokers — United States, 2001–2013
Authors: S. René Lavinghouze, Ann Malarcher, Amal Jama, Linda Neff, Karen Debrot, Laura Whalen
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015)

What is already known on this topic? Quitting smoking is beneficial to health at any age, and cigarette smokers who quit before age 35 years have mortality rates similar to those of persons who never smoked. What is added by this report?During 2001–2010, the proportion of adult cigarette smokers who had made a quit attempt in the past year increased significantly in 29 states and the U.S. Virgin Islands. During 2011–2013, the proportion who had made a quit attempt increased in Hawaii and Puerto Rico and decreased in New Mexico. In 2013, the proportion who had made a quit attempt ranged from 56.2% (Kentucky) to 76.4% (Puerto Rico and Guam) with a median of 65.9%, and was generally lower in older age groups. What are the implications for public health practice? Continued implementation of effective evidence-based public health interventions can reduce the health and costs impacts of smoking-related disease and death and accelerate progress toward meeting the Healthy People 2020 target to increase to ≥80% the proportion of U.S. adult cigarette smokers who made a quit attempt in the past year. These interventions include increasing the price of tobacco products, implementing comprehensive smoke-free laws, conducting educational mass media campaigns, and providing insurance coverage for all effective cessation treatments as well as access to quitlines.