tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Consistent food labelling system is rolled out across UK
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Consumer and health groups have welcomed the new consistent labelling system for the fronts of packs of food that has been launched in the United Kingdom, although some have voiced concerns that the scheme remains voluntary.

The system combines traffic light colour coding and nutritional information showing the amount of fat, saturated fat, salt, sugar, and energy in a food product. The red, amber, green, traffic light system aims to give consumers key information at a glance. The label also shows how much of an adult’s reference intake (formerly known as guideline daily amounts) is in a portion.1 

The scheme was first announced last October.2 Manufacturers such as Mars UK, Nestle UK, PepsiCo UK, Premier Foods, and McCain Foods have now signed up to it, together with the supermarkets Sainsbury’s, Tesco, Asda, Morrisons, the Co-operative, …
RISK PREDICTION USING 18F-FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE POSITORON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (FDG-PET) IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE AORTIC INTRAMURAL HEMATOMA
Authors: Takeshi Kitai, Shuichiro Kaji, Akihito Ohnishi, Go Akamatsu, Ryosuke Murai, Tadaaki Koyama, Michio Senda, Yutaka Furukawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
1316 GLUCOSE-INDUCED GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE 1 SECRETION IS DEFICIENT IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: C. Bernsmeier, A.C. Meyer-Gerspach, L.S. Blaser, L. Jeker, R.E. Steinert, M.H. Heim, C. Beglinger
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
DUAL RADISOTOPE ARTHROGRAPHY FOR DETERMINATION OF LOOSENING OF THE FEMORAL COMPONENT OF PROSTHETIC HIPS: COMPARISON TO CONVENTIONAL CONTRAST ARTHROGRAPHY.
Authors: Robert S. Hattner, Barry L. Engelstad, J. William
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

O'Connell, Harry K. Genant, Clyde A Helms, and William R. Murray, The Medical Center at University of California, San Francisco.
Risk of Advanced Proximal Neoplasms in Asymptomatic Adults According to the Distal Colorectal Findings
Authors: Thomas F. Imperiale, David R. Wagner, Ching Y. Lin, Gregory N. Larkin, James D. Rogge, David F. Ransohoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

The clinical significance of a distal colorectal polyp is uncertain. We determined the risk of advanced proximal neoplasia, defined as a polyp with villous features, a polyp with high-grade dysplasia, or cancer, among persons with distal hyperplastic or neoplastic polyps as compared with the risk among persons with no distal polyps. We analyzed data from 1994 consecutive asymptomatic adults (age, 50 years or older) who underwent colonoscopic screening for the first time between September 1995 and December 1998 as part of a program sponsored by an employer. The location and histologic features of all polyps were recorded. Colonoscopy to the level of the cecum was completed in 97.0 percent of the patients.
AB0449 Radiographic change and time-course change in cytokine levels of rheumatoid arthritis patients on etanercept treatment
Authors: A. Suda, S. Nagaoka, H. Furukawa, S. Thoma, H. Ideguchi, S. Ohno, Y. Ishigatsubo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To study changes in cytokine levels and radiographic findings (mTSS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients newly treated with etanercept (ETA). <h3>Methods</h3> In our 19 pts who started ETA during Nov/2005 - Jan/2007 (2 men; mean age, 62.0 yo; mean disease duration, 8.7 yrs), cytokine (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, TNFa) levels were determined at baseline, week 4, 24 to assess relationship of RA activity and radiographic findings. <h3>Results</h3> Mean DAS28 (ESR) at baseline, &amp; week 4, 24: 6.7, 5.0, 3.8 respectively. Compared to baseline, TNFaat week 24 significantly increased (2.3 vs 96.9). IL-6 significantly decreased (37.4 vs 9.73). Mean mTSS was 92±62 at baseline and 94±64 at week 24; 9 pts achieved radiographic remission (ΔmTSS ≤0.5). Analysis of factors affecting radiographic remission showed no significant variable of patient’s background. Cytokine levels in the remission group appeared to be lower at week 24: IL-4 (91 vs 351), IL-6 (6.8 vs 12.4), IL-8 (5.0 vs 10.8), TNFa (91.0 vs 102.2), but no significant difference. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We evaluated the relationship between radiographic remission and cytokine changes in the course of ETA treatment. Although the remission group had a decreasing tendency of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, TNFaat week 24, no significant difference was seen. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
The Management of Simple Fracture of the Clavicle in Adults
Authors: T. B. Quigley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

ANY consideration of injury to the clavicle must take into account certain fundamentals. In the first place, absence of the clavicle is not incompatible with normal function of the shoulder girdle. Fitchet,1 in a comprehensive study of cleidocranial dysostosis, found almost no impairment of function either in his case or in those reported in the literature. Some of these patients were not aware of the fact that large portions of their clavicles were absent. Gurd2 has called attention to "surplus parts of the skeleton" including the clavicle. Urist,3 in his studies on injuries of the acromioclavicular joint, came to the . . .
The Cost Implications of Academic Group Practice
Authors: David I. Cohen, Daniel Breslau, Dan K. Porter, Harold I. Goldberg, Neal V. Dawson, Charles O. Hershey, Jar-Chi Lee, Christine E. McLaren, Naomi Breslau
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Abstract We evaluated the reorganization of a general medical clinic into several group practices, using equivalent groups of patients and physicians in a randomized controlled trial. The group practice, unlike the traditional clinic, provided decentralized registration, clinic coverage five days a week, and telephone coverage at night and on weekends. Residents worked in small groups with an attending physician, nurse practitioner, and receptionist. All financial activity involving a sample of 2299 patients was followed during the 11-month intervention. The total hospital charges per patient were 26 percent lower for the patients seen in the group practice than for those seen in the traditional clinic (P = 0.003). This difference was primarily attributable to inpatient charges, which were 27 percent lower per patient hospitalized (P = 0.004). The mean length of stay was 8.3 days among group-practice patients and 10.5 days among traditional-clinic patients (P = 0.011). We conclude that organizational changes to improve outpatient access and to integrate inpatient and outpatient services can decrease medical charges. (N Engl J Med 1986; 314:1553–7.)
Abstract 2794: Urinary estrogen metabolites and prostate cancer risk: A case control analysis using healthy and biopsy controls
Authors: Ourania Kosti, Lenka Goldman, Ionut Bebu, Ann Hsing, Sean Collins, Anatoly Dritschilo, John Lynch, Xia Xu, Timothy Veenstra, Radoslav Goldman
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Prostate gland is considered as an androgen-dependent organ, however it is now recognized that estrogens and their receptors are involved in the normal and abnormal growth of the prostate gland. The aim of this study was to evaluate urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites (EMs) as a biomarker for prostate cancer risk and identify factors that affect EM levels in urine. Using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, urinary concentration of 15 EMs was determined in 77 prostate cancer cases, 77 healthy controls and 37 subjects that underwent biopsy and confirmed to be cancer-free (biopsy controls). Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to identify the interactions among the EM levels and their association to case control status. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare urinary EM concentrations individually by case status. Results showed that the 3 groups were comparable when MANOVA testing was applied. Ranking of EM concentrations showed that the catechol estrogen 4-OHE1 was relatively more abundant in prostate cancer patients compared to participants without cancer. Univariate analysis showed a tendency for the metabolites with high estrogenic activity, namely16-KE2 and 17-epiE3 to be secreted in lower amounts among prostate cancer patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that having low 16-KE2 (based on median of healthy controls) increased risk of prostate cancer with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.97 (95% CI, 0.86-4.52). A significant trend of increasing risk with lower 16-KE2 levels was also observed (P-for-trend = 0.02), with OR for the highest quartile of 4.62 (95% CI =1.34-15.99) compared to the lowest quartile. To identify factors that affect EM levels, we performed analysis among the healthy controls; being a current smoker was associated with a significant increase in the 2-hydroxy products 2-OHE1 and 2-MeOE1 and a marginal increase in the 2-OHE1/16α-OHE1 ratio. Age, body Mass Index (BMI), presence of diabetes, family history of prostate cancer or presence of BPH did not affect estrogen levels in our population. Our study did not allow stratified analysis by race due to the small numbers of non-Caucasian subjects. To conclude, our findings encourage further investigation of urinary estrogens and EMs as biomarkers for prostate cancer risk assessment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2794.
Preventive Effects of Isoniazid in the Treatment of Primary Tuberculosis in Children
Authors: Frank W. Mount, Shirley H. Ferebee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

SINCE the discovery of streptomycin the approach to tuberculosis in children has come full circle. Until about fifteen years ago the prevailing practice could have been described as hopeful prevention. In the absence of specific therapy pediatricians applied general measures to children with a primary tuberculous infection, hoping that the undesirable consequences of the infection could be prevented by increased host resistance and by removal from the source of infection. It was the age of the preventorium, but, if a complication developed, there was little in the way of specific therapy.The introduction of antimicrobial agents effective against the tubercle . . .
Abstract 2904: An integrative analysis to identify putative drugs for acute myeloid leukemia.
Authors: Yu-Heng Chen, Tzu-Hung Hsiao, Hung-I Harry Chen, Yidong Chen, Eric Y Chuang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract It is a time-consuming procedure to find an effective drug under current drug development, but the response rates of most anti-cancer drugs were still not high. Furthermore, the survival time of malignant cancer patients were often not prolonged after treatment. Therefore, to facilitate the process of discovering promising drug treatment, we proposed a novel integrative analysis based on gene set enrichment and evaluate the proposed model in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The analysis was comprised by two methods. First, the enriched biological functions of each drug were identified based on the enrichment analysis of connectivity map, which is an expression profile of more than 950 drug treatments in the HL60 AML cell line. Second, the tumor progression associated functions were identified by using survival analysis. Finally, we integrated the results of two methods to generate a “drug - biological function - cancer” network. Based on the identified network, the putative anti-cancer drugs can be further explored. We applied a AML cohort data set, GSE12417, which contains 163 expression profiles, to our analysis framework. The result showed 429 enriched biological functions were related to 948 drugs. Among them, 21 of the 429 functions were identified as tumor progression associated functions though cox regression analysis. By integrating the two results, finally 174 putative drugs for AML were discovered. Our preliminary results provide valuable information to revisit the putative drugs to “reposition” for cancer therapy through identified biological functions. Citation Format: Yu-Heng Chen, Tzu-Hung Hsiao, Hung-I Harry Chen, Yidong Chen, Eric Y Chuang. An integrative analysis to identify putative drugs for acute myeloid leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2904. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2904 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Abstract 1652: A new approach to study intracellular pathways of metastasis in living tumor cells.
Authors: Leiam Colbert, Christopher W. Ward, Kenan Onel
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Although genes associated with metastasis have been identified, the core intracellular events of the process remain obscure. Recently, it has been shown that cytoskeletal reorganisations, indicated by changes in the tensional force generated by the actin-myosin interaction in the cell, are critical for the development of invasive phenotypes. These changes are mediated in part by the microenvironment through mechanotransduction (6,7). Moreover, reduced cytoskeletal stiffness and increased mutability can distinguish metastatic cells from non[[Unsupported Character - Codename &amp;shy;]]invasive cancer cells and from normal cells. This suggests that many cancer cells are distinguished by altered physical properties and that biomechanical measurements of isolated cells may have significant diagnostic and prognostic value (2-4, 8). Thus, we hypothesize that by using isogenic cancer cell lines of differing metastatic potential transfected with fluorescently labelled motility reporter constructs, we will be able to elucidate altered mechanotransduction signalling as an important component in tumour formation and progression, which can then be studied mechanistically. We have recently demonstrated novel cytoskeleton dependent mechanotransduction pathways in heart (5) and skeletal muscle (1) cells in which stretch-dependent signal transduction activates the local production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to trigger Ca2+ signaling events. These discoveries were made possible by combining new mechano-optical techniques. We intend to apply this approach to further investigate abnormal kinase-mediated sensing of mechanical cues that may result in the development of fundamental abnormalities in the cancer microvasculature. We present preliminary data from different cancer lines that suggest manipulating kinase-mediated tension, using different inhibitors (ROCK inhibitor Y27632, MAPK inhibitor U0126), alone or jointly with one another can reprogram the tumour cells so that they normalize their reorientation response to cyclic strain and their ability to form networks (9). Citation Format: Leiam Colbert, Christopher W. Ward, Kenan Onel. A new approach to study intracellular pathways of metastasis in living tumor cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1652. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1652
Abstract 2028: HOX genes in oral cancer: Expression profile and functional characterization
Authors: Ricardo D. Coletta, Carolina C. Bitu, Manoela Pereira, Marcio A. Lopes, Edgard Graner
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Homeobox genes, specifically the HOX family, play an important role in the development by controlling cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In the present study it was investigated whether genes of the HOX family play a role in oral cancer. Our results demonstrated that the expression of HOXA4, A5, A7, A10, B7, C4, C5, C6, C8, C9, C10, C11, D9, D10, D11 and D13 was statistically higher in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) samples when compared with those from normal oral mucosa. We further demonstrated that HOXA1 and HOXB7 overexpression in HaCAT human epithelial cell line promotes proliferation, whereas downregulation of HOXB7 endogenous levels in human oral carcinoma cells (SCC9 cells) decreases it. In OSCCs, expression of HOXB7 and Ki67, a marker of proliferation, correlate strongly with each other (rs=0.79, p&amp;lt;0.006). High immunohistochemical expression of HOXB7 was correlated with T stage (p=0.06), N stage (p=0.07), disease stage (p=0.09) and Ki67 expression (p=0.01), and patients with tumors showing high number of HOXB7-positive cells had shorter overall survival (p&amp;lt;0.08) and shorter disease-free survival after treatment (p&amp;lt;0.10) compared with patients with tumors exhibiting low amount of HOXB7-positive cells. No correlation between HOXA1 and clinicopathological parameters was observed. Our data suggest that HOXA1 and HOXB7 may contribute to oral carcinogenesis by increasing tumor cell proliferation, and imply that HOXB7 may be an important determinant of OSCC patient's prognosis. Thus, dysregulated expression of specific members of the HOX family of homeobox genes is related to the tumorigenesis of oral cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2028. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2028
A6.17 <i>FCGR2A</i>association with susceptibility to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases
Authors: JI Robinson, JC Taylor, E Foy, T Vyse, R Cooper, H Chinoy, J Lamb, A Barton, J Martin, AH Sawalha, AG Wilson, JH Barrett, AW Morgan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> Segmental duplication affecting the <i>FCGR</i> locus on chromosome 1 has led to ambiguous mapping of underlying genetic variants. Consequently the region is misrepresented in SNP databases, has been untested by genome wide association studies and dismissed as a potential contributor to genetic predisposition. Several large-scale studies identified genetic markers close to <i>FCGR2A</i> with divergent, yet reproducible associations with a number of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Our objective was to define the causal variants associated with FcγRIIa in disease susceptibility. <h3>Methods</h3> Gene specific resequencing of <i>FCGR2A</i> was performed in a panel of 32 controls of mixed ethnicity. Fine scale linkage disequilibrium was used to infer trans-segmental duplication marker relationships, allowing reanalysis of Immunochip data from several autoimmune and inflammatory disease studies. Immunochip data for the <i>FCGR2A</i> locus from UK and Spanish RA, Spanish systemic sclerosis, Caucasian ankylosing spondylitis, UK and Irish psoriatic arthritis, European systemic lupus erythematosus, UK myositis, UK and Spanish giant cell arteritis and US/Turkish Takayasu arteritis cohorts were reanalysed. FcγRIIa ectodomain proteins of each allotype were synthesised and their IgG subclass binding preferences and biophysical properties were interrogated using surface plasmon resonance and SEC-MALLS. <h3>Results</h3> Re-analysis of Immunochip data identified two groups of associated SNPs stratified by minor allele frequency, tagging Q27W and H131R substitutions. Haplotypes of these two risk markers showed different susceptibility associations with inflammatory diseases compared to the common 27Q-131R haplotype. Both UK and Spanish RA (OR (95% CI) 1.17 (1.07–1.27) <i>p</i> = ﻿0<i>﻿</i>.0003 and 1.24 (1.05–1.47) <i>p</i> = ﻿0.011 respectively) and US Takayasu arteritis (OR 1.78 (1.21–2.63) <i>p</i> = ﻿0.0037 were associated with the 27W-131H haplotype. The 27Q-131H haplotype predisposed to ankylosing spondylitis in Europeans (OR 1.15 (1.10–1.20) <i>p</i> = ﻿2<i>﻿</i>.04 × 10<sup>–11</sup>), but was protective from SLE (OR 0.79 (0.74–0.84) <i>p</i> = ﻿1<i>﻿</i>.3 × 10<sup>–13</sup>) and myositis (OR 0.83 (0.72–0.95) <i>p</i> = ﻿0<i>﻿</i>.0083). Using biophysical techniques these nonsynonymous coding SNPs altered &nbsp;the affinity and binding preferences of the receptor for IgG subclasses and influenced receptor oligomerisation. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Segmental duplication and structural variation confounded iChip SNP analyses, however <i>FCGR2A</i> specific resequencing allowed analysis of trans-segmental duplication markers. We confirmed two independent genetic risk factors at this locus. The functional impact and potential pathogenic role for <i>FCGR2A</i> in autoimmune/inflammatory disease is discussed.
MB-07 * PRIMARY EWING SARCOMA OF THE SCALP WITH APPARENT EPIDURAL EXTENSION: CASE ILLUSTRATION
Authors: W. Gump, R. Debski, M. Thompson, K. Ayyanar
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

INTRODUCTION: Ewing sarcoma is an aggressive, rapidly growing, malignant tumor originating from postganglionic parasympathetic neural crest cells, most commonly originating in the pelvis and long bones. We describe a rare case of primary Ewing sarcoma of the scalp, in which imaging was suggestive of intracranial extension not seen on operative exploration. CASE REPORT: An 11 year old boy with a rapidly growing subcutaneous mass on the forehead was diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma by needle biopsy. Brain CT and MRI showed an extracranial mass with a smaller corresponding epidural lesion. Metastatic evaluation was negative. The patient was treated with chemotherapy to shrink the lesion, followed by surgical resection of the residual mass. In surgery, only partial-thickness erosion of the extracranial tumor mass through the bone was observed. The involved area of skull with margins was removed as a single bone flap. The inner table of the bone and epidural space appeared grossly normal, and there was no subdural mass on ultrasound. The patient subsequently completed further chemotherapy and radiation, and has remained disease-free. No residual or recurrent abnormal tissue has been seen on surveillance imaging. DISCUSSION: Ewing sarcoma of the scalp is a rarely reported disease entity, relatively less common than primary disease of the skull. Good outcomes have been reported when wide local excision is carried out. The phenomenon of radiographic epidural pseudoextension has not previously been described and does not seem to have adversely affected outcome in this case. CONCLUSIONS: MRI may overestimate extent of disease in cases adjacent to the epidural space. In cases of localized disease, wide local excision combined with chemotherapy and radiation can offer significant progression-free survival.