tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: R C Welliver, P L Ogra
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
On schizophrenic psychoses
Authors: M Bleuler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

The author traces the history of the concept of schizophrenic psychoses from Kraepelin's differentiation of dementia praecox from other mental illness and Bleuler's formulation of schizophrenia through the delimitation of the definition of schizophrenia to current thought on the etiology, treatment, and outcome of schizophrenic psychoses. He stresses the importance of our knowledge of both psychological and hereditary factors and urges that rather than searching only for a single, causal metabolic error we also accept the possibility that schizophrenia occurs in highly human, spiritual spheres and consider the schizophrenogenic influences in the lives and personalities of individual patients.
Neuroleptic-free intervals in the treatment of schizophrenia
Authors: J Pyke, M V Seeman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

During a period of 1-2 1/2 years the neuroleptic regimen of 14 schizophrenic outpatients was interrupted every 6 months by drug holidays of 6 weeks' duration. As a result, 10 patients achieved a substantially reduced maintenance dose. The authors were unable to predict for whom the drug holidays would be safe.
Preclinical Efficacy of Bevacizumab with CRLX101, an Investigational Nanoparticle–Drug Conjugate, in Treatment of Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Elizabeth Pham, Melissa Yin, Christian G. Peters, Christina R. Lee, Donna Brown, Ping Xu, Shan Man, Lata Jayaraman, Ellen Rohde, Annabelle Chow, Douglas Lazarus, Scott Eliasof, F. Stuart Foster, Robert S. Kerbel
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

VEGF pathway-targeting antiangiogenic drugs, such as bevacizumab, when combined with chemotherapy have changed clinical practice for the treatment of a broad spectrum of human cancers. However, adaptive resistance often develops, and one major mechanism is elevated tumor hypoxia and upregulated hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) caused by antiangiogenic treatment. Reduced tumor vessel numbers and function following antiangiogenic therapy may also affect intratumoral delivery of concurrently administered chemotherapy. Nonetheless, combining chemotherapy and bevacizumab can lead to improved response rates, progression-free survival, and sometimes, overall survival, the extent of which can partly depend on the chemotherapy backbone. A rational, complementing chemotherapy partner for combination with bevacizumab would not only reduce HIF1α to overcome hypoxia-induced resistance, but also improve tumor perfusion to maintain intratumoral drug delivery. Here, we evaluated bevacizumab and CRLX101, an investigational nanoparticle-drug conjugate containing camptothecin, in preclinical mouse models of orthotopic primary triple-negative breast tumor xenografts, including a patient-derived xenograft. We also evaluated long-term efficacy of CRLX101 and bevacizumab to treat postsurgical, advanced metastatic breast cancer in mice. CRLX101 alone and combined with bevacizumab was highly efficacious, leading to complete tumor regressions, reduced metastasis, and greatly extended survival of mice with metastatic disease. Moreover, CRLX101 led to improved tumor perfusion and reduced hypoxia, as measured by contrast-enhanced ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging. CRLX101 durably suppressed HIF1α, thus potentially counteracting undesirable effects of elevated tumor hypoxia caused by bevacizumab. Our preclinical results show pairing a potent cytotoxic nanoparticle chemotherapeutic that complements and improves concurrent antiangiogenic therapy may be a promising treatment strategy for metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Res; 76(15); 4493-503. ©2016 AACR.
Case report of adverse effect of reserpine on tardive dyskinesia
Authors: A Donatelli, L Geisen, E Feuer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

The authors used reserpine to treat a case of tardive dyskinesia. Like neuroleptics, reserpine improved the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia during administration but appeared to aggravate the underlying illness, as evidenced by increased symptoms after reserpine discontinuation.
Human USP18 deficiency underlies type 1 interferonopathy leading to severe pseudo-TORCH syndrome
Authors: Marije E.C. Meuwissen, Rachel Schot, Sofija Buta, Grétel Oudesluijs, Sigrid Tinschert, Scott D. Speer, Zhi Li, Leontine van Unen, Daphne Heijsman, Tobias Goldmann, Maarten H. Lequin, Johan M. Kros, Wendy Stam, Mark Hermann, Rob Willemsen, Rutger W.W. Brouwer, Wilfred F.J. Van IJcken, Marta Martin-Fernandez, Irenaeus de Coo, Jeroen Dudink, Femke A.T. de Vries, Aida Bertoli Avella, Marco Prinz, Yanick J. Crow, Frans W. Verheijen, Sandra Pellegrini, Dusan Bogunovic, Grazia M.S. Mancini
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2016)

Pseudo-TORCH syndrome (PTS) is characterized by microcephaly, enlarged ventricles, cerebral calcification, and, occasionally, by systemic features at birth resembling the sequelae of congenital infection but in the absence of an infectious agent. Genetic defects resulting in activation of type 1 interferon (IFN) responses have been documented to cause Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, which is a cause of PTS. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18) is a key negative regulator of type I IFN signaling. In this study, we identified loss-of-function recessive mutations of USP18 in five PTS patients from two unrelated families. Ex vivo brain autopsy material demonstrated innate immune inflammation with calcification and polymicrogyria. In vitro, patient fibroblasts displayed severely enhanced IFN-induced inflammation, which was completely rescued by lentiviral transduction of USP18. These findings add USP18 deficiency to the list of genetic disorders collectively termed type I interferonopathies. Moreover, USP18 deficiency represents the first genetic disorder of PTS caused by dysregulation of the response to type I IFNs. Therapeutically, this places USP18 as a promising target not only for genetic but also acquired IFN-mediated CNS disorders.
D5-06: A novel 1624G&gt;C SUV39H2 polymorphism predictive of survival of lung cancer patients
Authors: Jin Soo Lee, Kyong-Ah Yoon, Ji-Youn Han, Sung Y. Lee, Sohee Park, Dae-Ho Lee, Heung-Tae Kim
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
P77 An anti-viral role for CD4+ T cells is observed in only a minority of patients successfully treated for hepatitis C virus
Authors: A Godkin, I Rees, P Mizen, A Gallimore
Journal: Gut (2010)

Introduction  CD4+ T cells are thought to play an important role in the control and elimination of non-cytopathic viral infections such as HCV. However their role in patients being treated with type I IFNs is not clear.  Aim  To assess the role of HCV-specific CD4+ T cells in patients being treated for HCV infection.  Method  33 consecutive viraemic patients undergoing treatment had ex vivo (IFNg-producing) and cultured anti-viral CD4+ T cells intensively measured at multiple time points along with viral loads, alanine transaminase and serum cytokines (IL-2, -4, -5, -6, IL-10, TNFa and IFNg).  Results  The patients could be divided almost equally into four groups depending on long term virus eradication or treatment failure and the magnitude of CD4+ cell responses: group 1: treatment failure, group 2–4 treatment success with group 2: no T cell responses, group 3: extremely weak transient T cell responses and group 4: strong robust responses. Early proliferation but not an ex vivo response was associated with rapid (k1 > 2 day-1) initial viral clearance and patients with robust early proliferation demonstrated reduced serum IL-10 compared to group 1 (p  Conclusion  Anti-viral CD4+ T cells may only have a role in a selected small group of patients in controlling viraemia, and in most patients the mechanisms of viral elimination awaits further studies.
Efficacy and safety of crisaborole ointment, a novel, nonsteroidal phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor for the topical treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children and adults
Authors: Amy S. Paller, Wynnis L. Tom, Mark G. Lebwohl, Robin L. Blumenthal, Mark Boguniewicz, Robert S. Call, Lawrence F. Eichenfield, Douglass W. Forsha, William C. Rees, Eric L. Simpson, Mary C. Spellman, Linda F. Stein Gold, Andrea L. Zaenglein, Matilda H. Hughes, Lee T. Zane, Adelaide A. Hebert
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2016)

Additional topical treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD) are needed that provide relief while minimizing risks.We sought to assess the efficacy and safety of crisaborole ointment, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in two phase III AD studies (AD-301: NCT02118766; AD-302: NCT02118792).Two identically designed, vehicle-controlled, double-blind studies enrolled and randomly assigned (2:1, crisaborole:vehicle) patients aged 2 years or older with an Investigator's Static Global Assessment (ISGA) score of mild or moderate for twice-daily application for 28 days. The primary end point was ISGA score at day 29 of clear (0)/almost clear (1) with 2-grade or greater improvement from baseline. Additional analyses included time to success in ISGA score, percentage of patients achieving clear/almost clear, reduction in severity of AD signs, and time to improvement in pruritus.More crisaborole- than vehicle-treated patients achieved ISGA score success (clear/almost clear with ≥2-grade improvement; AD-301: 32.8% vs 25.4%, P = .038; AD-302: 31.4% vs 18.0%, P < .001), with a greater percentage with clear/almost clear (51.7% vs 40.6%, P = .005; 48.5% vs 29.7%, P < .001). Crisaborole-treated patients achieved success in ISGA score and improvement in pruritus earlier than those treated with vehicle (both P ≤ .001). Treatment-related adverse events were infrequent and mild to moderate in severity.Short study duration was a limitation.Crisaborole demonstrated a favorable safety profile and improvement in all measures of efficacy, including overall disease severity, pruritus, and other signs of AD.
Primary breast lymphoma detected with Tc-99m tetrofosmin scintigraphy.
Authors: TEISUKE HASHIMOTO, SHIGEKO KUWASHIMA, HIROHISA SAWADA, NATORU SAIKI, ATSUSHI KONO, MINORU YAMATO, MUTSUHISA FUJIOKA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

HASHIMOTO, TEISUKE M.D.; KUWASHIMA, SHIGEKO M.D.; SAWADA, HIROHISA M.D.; SAIKI, NATORU M.D.; KONO, ATSUSHI M.D.; YAMATO, MINORU M.D.; FUJIOKA, MUTSUHISA M.D. Author Information
Soundings: Night dive
Authors: Kevin Barraclough
Journal: BMJ (2002)

My wife and I were coming to the surface after a night scuba dive. I was looking up at the surface of the water as we hung at a depth of 5 metres. The light from my torch was reflecting back off the black undersurface of the water in diverse, coloured beams. We seemed to be suspended under the ceiling of a huge, dark room that extended every way into blackness.

After the requisite stop we ascended slowly, turning in a spiral as we followed our bubbles upwards. The shock occurred as I broke through the black ceiling of the surface. I inflated the diving jacket, removed my mask, and lay back on the surface of the water. Looking up, the Milky Way stretched out over the equatorial sky like a bridge that you almost reach out and touch. I have never seen anything quite like it. We lay there for some time waiting for the (rather distant) boat to pick us up. For some reason, hung out against the stars, I suddenly thought of a short story whose title I have long forgotten.

The story was about a young woman who, for some undefined reason, was the last person left alive in the world. She wandered the planet, listening to cassette tapes in abandoned cars, walking through the detritus of people's interrupted lives, looking at famous pictures in deserted galleries. After a while she began to realise that she was forgetting things about the civilisation she had inhabited. She was mixing up Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, the Etruscans and the Assyrians, Wordsworth and Coleridge. The disturbing thing about this was that her internal monologue, the thing that made her conscious, was the only thing that gave the ruins of this deserted world any meaning. And that meaning was degrading in her unreliable memory. The story was pregnant with the implicit question of where the meaning would reside, if anywhere, when she was gone. The paintings would become oil stains, works of literature just so many marks on white cellulose.

We eventually climbed back into the little dive boat and made our way silently to our island. I was still musing, slightly uneasily, on my vertiginous perspective of the spiral arm of the galaxy when I entered the brightly lit bedroom of our beach bungalow. My daughter looked at me quizzically from the bed. “Daddy,” she said. “Why didn't Gandalf step back on the bridge?” Why indeed?
Community Hospitals
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

America's hospitals are a central element of its health care system, employing 3.5 million people and constituting the single largest category of national health spending (44 percent, or $305 billion, in 1991). No other country has such a heterogeneous collection of institutions making up its hospital system. The dominant type in the United States is the community hospital. In this category the American Hospital Association includes “all nonfederal short-term general and other special (obstetrics and gynecology; eye, ear, nose and throat; rehabilitation and orthopedic) hospitals, whose services are available to the public”1. These institutions currently number 5342 (3175 private . . .
Clinical Inquiries Received by CDC Regarding Suspected Ebola Virus Disease in Children — United States, July 9, 2014–January 4, 2015
Authors: Alyson B. Goodman, Elissa Meites, Erica H. Anstey, Kathleen E. Fullerton, Achala Jayatilleke, Wendy Ruben, Emily Koumans, Alexandra M. Oster, Mateusz P. Karwowski, Eric Dziuban, Robert D. Kirkcaldy, Maleeka Glover, Luis Lowe, Georgina Peacock, Barbara Mahon, Stephanie E. Griese
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015)

The 2014–2015 Ebola virus disease (Ebola) epidemic is the largest in history and represents the first time Ebola has been diagnosed in the United States. On July 9, 2014, CDC activated its Emergency Operations Center and established an Ebola clinical consultation service to assist U.S. state and local public health officials and health care providers with the evaluation of suspected cases. CDC reviewed all 89 inquiries received by the consultation service during July 9, 2014– January 4, 2015, about children (persons aged ≤18 years). Most (56 [63%]) children had no identifiable epidemiologic risk factors for Ebola; among the 33 (37%) who did have an epidemiologic risk factor, in every case this was travel from an Ebola-affected country. Thirty-two of these children met criteria for a person under investigation (PUI) because of clinical signs or symptoms. Fifteen PUIs had blood samples tested for Ebola virus RNA by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction; all tested negative. Febrile children who have recently traveled from an Ebola-affected country can be expected to have other common diagnoses, such as malaria and influenza, and in the absence of epidemiologic risk factors for Ebola, the likelihood of Ebola is extremely low. Delaying evaluation and treatment for these other more common illnesses might lead to poorer clinical outcomes. Additionally, many health care providers expressed concerns about whether and how parents should be allowed in the isolation room. While maintaining an appropriate level of vigilance for Ebola, public health officials and health care providers should ensure that pediatric PUIs receive timely triage, diagnosis, and treatment of other more common illnesses, and care reflecting best practices in supporting children’s psychosocial needs.
Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: J H Silber, G Barber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most effective antineoplastic drugs.However, its clinical use is largely limited by potential dose-dependent cardiotoxicity.To date, the mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity remains incompletely understood.More importantly, no efficient therapeutic strategy is available to counteract DOX-induced cardiomyopathy, underscoring the importance of the prevention of this disease.In this chapter, we first describe the pathophysiology of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.We then update the findings of molecular biology of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy including molecular mechanisms, established and putative biomarkers for early diagnosis, and potential genetic factors for prediction of susceptibility.Finally, we introduce a number of pharmaceutical measures and practical lifestyle modifications for the prevention of this disease.
European Commission tables scientific criteria for endocrine disruptors
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The European Commission has set out the world’s first regulatory system for identifying and classifying endocrine disruptors which can have adverse effects on humans, animals, and the environment in draft legislation published last week.

The hormone altering chemical substances are present in many everyday items ranging from paint and pesticides to toys and computer keyboards. It has been suggested that they can mimic, block, or interfere with hormones that regulate key biological functions, including brain development, reproduction, metabolism, and growth. They have been linked to various illnesses, notably cancer, obesity, diabetes, and infertility.

The World Health Organization defined endocrine …
Re-evaluation of ‘drug-induced’ erythema multiforme in the medical literature
Authors: J.-C. Roujeau
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

More than 20 years ago was proposed a new clinical classification of cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and erythema multiforme1. The validity of that classification was later confirmed by the results of a large epidemiology study showing that SJS and TEN affected different populations than EM and were significantly associated with medications, which was not the case for EM majus 2.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Efficacy and safety of rVIII-SingleChain: results of a phase 1/3 multicenter clinical trial in severe hemophilia A
Authors: Johnny Mahlangu, Kazimierz Kuliczkowski, Faraizah Abdul Karim, Oleksandra Stasyshyn, Marina V. Kosinova, Lynda Mae Lepatan, Aleksander Skotnicki, Lisa N. Boggio, Robert Klamroth, Johannes Oldenburg, Andrzej Hellmann, Elena Santagostino, Ross I. Baker, Kathelijn Fischer, Joan C. Gill, Stephanie P’Ng, Pratima Chowdary, Miguel A. Escobar, Claudia Djambas Khayat, Luminita Rusen, Debra Bensen-Kennedy, Nicole Blackman, Tharin Limsakun, Alex Veldman, Katie St. Ledger, Ingrid Pabinger
Journal: Blood (2016)
PD5-3-1: Role of intraoperative ultrasound for mediastinal staging in non-small cell lung cancer surgery
Authors: Nenad Ilic, Ante Petricevic, Josip Banovic, Nives Frleta Ilic, Andro Tripkovic, Leo Grandic, Slavica Kotarac, Josko Juricic
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Dynamic Changes in LV Radius as a Marker of Septal Configuration for Predicting RV Failure Following LVAD Implantation
Authors: Chan Seok Park, Ehimare Akhabue, Manish Bansal, Jarrod Marks, Alaa Mabrouk Salem Omar, Sean P. Pinney, Anelechi Anyanwu, Farooq Chaudhry, Jagat Narula, Partho P. Sengupta
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2016)
Open-label, phase IIIb, multicenter, expanded access study of everolimus in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors (NET).
Authors: Oliver Edgar Bechter, Nicole Unger, Ivan Borbath, Sergio Ricci, Tsann-Long Hwang, Young Suk Park, Jiri Tomasek, Hussein Raef, Sudsawat Laohavinij, Lisa JeanLouis, Ashok Panneerselvam, Stephen Saletan, Sotirios G. Stergiopoulos, Marianne E. Pavel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

4138 Background: Everolimus (EVE) antitumor efficacy in patients (pts) with advanced NET was demonstrated in 2 double-blind, placebo (P)–controlled, phase III trials (RADIANT-2 and RADIANT-3). Median PFS in pancreatic (pNET) pts was 11.0 months (EVE) vs. 4.6 months (P) (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.27-0.45, P &lt;0.001) in RADIANT-3. Median EVE exposure in RADIANT-3 was 38 wks. EVE was approved for advanced pNET in the US and Europe in 2011. An expanded access protocol was launched to gather additional safety data and provide access to EVE for pts with advanced NET while awaiting regulatory approval. Methods: Pts aged ≥18 years with biopsy-proven NET; WHO performance status 0-2; and adequate bone, hepatic, and renal function were enrolled. Main exclusion criteria were poorly differentiated NET and cytotoxic therapy within 4 wks of enrollment. EVE (10 mg/d) was administered until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, discontinuation, death, commercial availability of EVE, or until May 30, 2012. Pts were enrolled from April 21, 2011 to April 20, 2012. Primary objective was grade 3/4 and serious adverse events (AEs). Secondary objectives included investigator-assessed best overall response rate and PFS. Results: The full analysis set included 246 pts (pNET, n=126; non-pNET, n=120); the safety set included 240 pts (pNET, n=123; non-pNET, n=117). Median age was 61 and 66 years; 54% and 49% were male. Main primary tumor sites in non-pNET pts included small intestine (40%) and lung (22%). Median duration of EVE exposure was 12.1 wks and 24 wks in pNET and non-pNET. At data cutoff, there were 21 and 32 PFS events; 105 and 88 pts were censored. Grade 3/4 AEs were reported in 42.3% and 69.2% of pNET and non-pNET; those reported in ≥10% of pts in pNET and non-pNET included hyperglycemia (12.2% and 5.1%), diarrhea (10.6% and 31.6%), stomatitis (9.8% and 11.1%), nausea (8.1% and 10.3%), and anemia (5.7% and 11.1%). Median investigator-assessed PFS was 7.6 (95% CI 5.52-7.62) months and 10.8 (8.77-Not Estimable) months in pNET and non-pNET. Conclusions: EVE was well tolerated in pts with advanced NET. AEs were similar to those previously reported. Protocol-specified early termination of pts limits the interpretation of PFS medians. Clinical trial information: EudraCT Number: 2010-023032-17.
Epigenetic Perturbations by Arg882-Mutated DNMT3A Potentiate Aberrant Stem Cell Gene-Expression Program and Acute Leukemia Development
Authors: Rui Lu, Ping Wang, Trevor Parton, Yang Zhou, Kaliopi Chrysovergis, Shira Rockowitz, Wei-Yi Chen, Omar Abdel-Wahab, Paul A. Wade, Deyou Zheng, Gang Greg Wang
Journal: Cancer Cell (2016)