tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Angina Pectoris 1768–1970
Authors: Mark Aisner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

THE year 1968 marked the 200th anniversary of William Heberden's classic description of angina pectoris. Just over 100 years ago Sir Lauder Brunton, at the age of 23 and still a house officer, reported his discovery of the effectiveness of amyl nitrite in the relief of anginal discomfort, and 90 years ago, William Murrell announced his similar observations for nitroglycerin. The last two centuries, though productive of many advances in our knowledge of angina pectoris, have been unable to improve upon Heberden's classic description, nor have any agents been developed that have proved to be superior to amyl nitrite and . . .
Murine In Vitro Antigenic Modification of Tumor Cells: Effect on Susceptibility to Natural Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M Langweiler, K J Weinhold, T J Matthews, D P Bolognesi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

A 3-methylcholanthrene [(MCA) CAS: 56-49-5]-induced fibrosarcoma cell line and its Friend murine leukemia virus-infected counterpart were assessed for their susceptibility to lysis by so-called “natural” effector cells in a series of 51Cr release assays. Detailed functional and phenotypic analysis of lytic effector cell populations from normal C57BL/6 mouse spleens revealed an identity most closely associated with natural cytotoxic cells. Neither tumor cell line was found to be sensitive to natural killer-mediated lysis. Additionally, virus infection of the MCA-induced fibrosarcoma cell line did not affect susceptibility to natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
The Elusive Reed–Sternberg Cell
Authors: Elaine S. Jaffe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Although Hodgkin's disease was the first of the malignant lymphomas to be described as a specific disease process, this unique cancer has been the source of many persistent questions over the past 150 years. One enigma has been the paucity of the Reed–Sternberg cells and their variants (thought to be the malignant cells in this disease) in comparison to the large numbers of normal inflammatory cells. This apparent imbalance raises questions about the pathogenesis of the disease process. Is it infectious or neoplastic? If neoplastic, is the exuberant host response secondary to neoantigens expressed on the malignant cells, or does . . .
Barrett’s oesophagus: diagnosis and management
Authors: Prachi Pophali, Magnus Halland
Journal: BMJ (2016)

#### What you need to know

Barrett’s oesophagus is a premalignant condition where the oesophageal squamous epithelium undergoes columnar change with metaplasia which predisposes to the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. In order for Barrett’s oesophagus to be diagnosed, a segment of the lower oesophagus has to be replaced by columnar tissue (fig 1⇓). In patients with oesophageal columnar tissue without intestinal metaplasia the cancer risk is thought to be low. Many patients with Barrett’s oesophagus have no symptoms. Development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma is understood to progress in a stepwise manner following the sequence of oesophagitis, metaplasia, dysplasia, and finally adenocarcinoma (fig 2⇓). This review describes how Barrett’s oesophagus is diagnosed and explores questions regarding current and future management strategies for Barrett’s oesophagus.



Fig 1  Endoscopic view and diagram of Barrett’s oesophagus





Fig 2  Diagram of progression of Barrett’s oesophagus from normal oesophageal epithelium to oesophageal adenocarcinoma



#### Methods

We searched PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane database from inception to November 2015 using the primary search terms “Barrett’s oesophagus,” “Barrett’s management,” and “endoscopic therapy for Barrett’s.” Abstracts published in English were included. Priority was given to randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses; citations from case series and retrospective studies were included where appropriate.

The prevalence of Barrett’s oesophagus ranges varies widely in the general population depending on the definition of diagnosis and …
Commentary: Patient's view
Authors: A. G
Journal: BMJ (2009)

In March 2006 I was in the prime of life, happily in love, and 14 weeks pregnant, and the last thing I expected was that this would suddenly be snatched from me. I started to get pain in the area around the upper part of my back. Within a few weeks I found myself unable to walk. I couldn’t understand what was going on. How could my condition have worsened so drastically? What if treatment didn’t work?

I was appalled by the results of my magnetic resonance imaging. Even though I …
Abstract 12637: Regional Differences in Management and Outcomes of Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in the United States
Authors: Dhaval Kolte, Sahil Khera, Chandrasekar Palaniswamy, Marjan Mujib, Wilbert S Aronow, William H Frishman, Ali Ahmed, Gregg C Fonarow
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Regional differences across the United States in the treatment and outcomes of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI) remain poorly understood....
Case 45-1980
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Edward R. Wolpow, George M. Kleinman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 43-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of ataxia.He was well until one year earlier, when herpes zoster appeared in the right eighth thoracic distribution and cleared within two weeks. Seven months before admission he began to experience mild vertigo, which persisted. One month later a physician found that the cerebrospinal fluid and a computed tomographic (CT) scan of the brain were normal. Four months before entry injections of bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine and transfer factor were administered, without improvement. The patient began to have episodes of horizontal diplopia, a change . . .
Abstract P034: Assessing and Managing Abdominal Adiposity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness at the Workplace : Results from the "Grand Defi Entreprise"
Authors: Natalie Almeras, Paul Poirier, Caroline Rheaume, Jean-Pierre Despres
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Chronic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent conditions in large companies. Such disorders have huge financi...
Epithelial tethering of MUC5AC-rich mucus impairs mucociliary transport in asthma
Authors: Luke R. Bonser, Lorna Zlock, Walter Finkbeiner, David J. Erle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

The development of pathologic mucus, which is not readily cleared from the airways, is an important contributor to the morbidity and mortality associated with asthma. It is not clear how the major airway mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B are organized within the mucus gel or how this gel contributes to airway obstruction in asthma. Here, we demonstrated that mucus plugs from individuals with fatal asthma are heterogeneous gels with distinct MUC5AC- and MUC5B-containing domains. Stimulation of cultured human bronchial epithelial cells with IL-13, a key mediator in asthma, induced the formation of heterogeneous mucus gels and dramatically impaired mucociliary transport. Impaired transport was not associated with defects in ciliary function but instead was related to tethering of MUC5AC-containing mucus gel domains to mucus-producing cells in the epithelium. Replacement of tethered mucus with untethered mucus restored mucociliary transport. Together, our results indicate that tethering of MUC5AC-containing domains to the epithelium causes mucostasis and likely represents a major cause of mucus plugging in asthma.
Case 1-1965
Authors: Richard Schatzki, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

Presentation of CaseA forty-seven-year-old nurse was admitted to the hospital because of pain in the abdomen.Six days previously she was awakened in the morning by pain in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. That evening the pain became more severe and radiated posteriorly and to the left shoulder. She entered another hospital, where 6 transfusions of blood were given, and was transferred to this hospital.Eleven years before admission a hysterectomy with elective appendectomy had been performed because of uterine fibroids. She had had rheumatic fever in childhood. There was no history of peptic ulcer, fever, chills . . .
Re: Karim Fizazi, Kim N. Chi, Johann S. de Bono, et al. Low Incidence of Corticosteroid-associated Adverse Events on Long-term Exposure to Low-dose Prednisone Given with Abiraterone Acetate to Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol. In press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2016.02.035
Authors: Giandomenico Roviello, Alberto Bottini, Daniele Generali
Journal: European Urology (2016)
Pilot study reveals placental abnormalities in SLE
Authors: Lydia Shipman
Journal: Nature Reviews Rheumatology (2016)

Pilot study reveals placental abnormalities in SLEWomen with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at an increased risk of pregnancy complications.Similar histological abnormalities have previously been found in placental tissue from women with SLE and those with pre-eclampsia.Given the data implicating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in SLE-associated vasculopathy, Marder et al. hypothesized a role for NETs in pregnancies complicated by these conditions.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly increased numbers of neutrophils and NETs in the intervillous spaces of placental tissue from women with SLE (n = 10) and women with pre-eclampsia (n = 11) compared with that from healthy controls (n = 10).The presence of NETs correlated with vasculopathy and acute maternal inflammation, suggesting that NETs might contribute to placental pathology in SLE and pre-eclampsia.
In vivo monitoring of JAK/STAT and PI3K/mTOR signal transduction inhibition in pediatric <i>CRLF2</i>-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
Authors: Sarah Kathleen Tasian, Shannon L. Maude, Junior Hall, Tiffaney Vincent, Charles Grenfell Mullighan, Cheryl L. Willman, Stephen Hunger, Mignon L. Loh, David T. Teachey, Stephan A. Grupp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

9506 Background: Therapy intensification for children with B-precursor ALL with high-risk genetic lesions has improved relapse-free survival. CRLF2 rearrangements and JAK2 and IL7RA mutations occur in 10-15% of adult and pediatric ALL patients, most of whom relapse. We and others identified aberrant kinase signatures and perturbed JAK/STAT and PI3K/mTOR signal transduction via in vitro studies of CRLF2-rearranged (CRLF2 r ) ALLs, suggesting the therapeutic relevance of signal transduction inhibitors (STIs). Our creation of CRLF2 r ALL xenograft models has enabled rapid preclinical testing of STIs and measurement of in vivo target inhibition. We hypothesized that inhibition of JAK/STAT and PI3K/mTOR phosphosignaling correlates with therapeutic responses in these models. Methods: NOD/SCID/γc-null (NSG) mice well-engrafted with pediatric ALL samples were treated with the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib, the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus, or vehicle for 72 hours (for signaling response) or 4 weeks (for therapeutic response). Splenocytes were briefly stimulated ex vivo with thymic stromal lymphopoietin (ligand for CRLF2) and stained with human-specific surface and intracellular phosphoantibodies for multi-parameter phosphoflow cytometry analysis. Results: Ruxolitinib-induced inhibition of phospho (p)-JAK2 and pSTAT5 was most pronounced in non-CRLF2 r ALLs with novel JAK2-activating BCR-JAK2 and IL7RA/LNK mutations. Sirolimus potently inhibited pS6 and other PI3K/mTOR pathway phosphoproteins in the CRLF2 r r ALLs. PSTAT5 and pS6 inhibition correlated with longer-term ruxolitinib- and sirolimus-induced decreases in ALL cell burden, demonstrating therapeutic responses to STIs. Conclusions: Ruxolitinib inhibited JAK/STAT phosphosignaling and markedly decreased leukemic burden in the JAK2-activating BCR-JAK2 and IL7RA/LNK mutant ALL xenografts. Sirolimus potently inhibited PI3K/mTOR (as well as some JAK/STAT) phosphosignaling and had greater therapeutic efficacy than ruxolitinib in the CRLF2 r ALLs. The safety of ruxolitinib and of temsirolimus with cytotoxic chemotherapy are currently being established in Children’s Oncology Group Phase I trials.
Physical activity increases after bariatric surgery, review finds
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Physical activity increases in the 12 months after bariatric surgery, shows a systematic review that found that people walked more after undergoing this type of procedure.1

A higher level of physical activity after bariatric surgery has previously been associated with additional weight loss, but information is limited on patterns of physical activity in people who undergo this type of surgery. And it is unclear …
Case 30-1967
Authors: Homayoun Kazemi, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

Presentation of Case First admission. A fifty-one-year-old man entered the hospital because of pain in the chest and fever.He had been well except for a chronic, mildly productive cough until ten months before entry, when there was an episode of fever, chills and sharp pleuritic pain over the lateral and anterior portions of the right side of the chest, with an increase in the cough. The symptoms subsided with penicillin therapy. Six months later the symptoms recurred for ten days, and a month before admission fever and pain in the chest again developed.He denied contact with tuberculosis . . .
Antitumor Activity of Cell Walls From &lt;italic&gt;Brucella abortus&lt;/italic&gt;
Authors: B Collet, A Martin, Y Le Garrec, G Dubray, L Toujas
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

The ip inoculation of inactivated Brucella abortus, strain B19 R, protected mice against a subsequent graft of an ascites lymphoma. The bacterial components responsible for this effect were investigated. Centrifugation supernatants of sonicated bacteria supposed to contain mainly cytoplasmic products did not offer protection against the lymphoma. Cell walls (CW's) prepared by enzyme digestion of pellets of lysed bacteria and checked for purity by electron microscopy prolonged survival of mice and induced cytotoxic macrophages in their peritoneal cavities. CW peptidoglycan (PG) did not seem to play an important part in this effect. Enzyme digestion of CW, in particular by lysozyme, was found to reduce a PG characteristic component (diaminopimelic acid) without altering CW antitumor activity. Conversely, a purified PG preparation did not influence tumor growth. Extraction of CW by an ether:water mixture did not alter its antitumor activity, while incubation in NaOH abolished its activity almost completely. All CW preparations were found to elicit hypersensitivity reactions in Brucella-infected animals.
Abstract 15: Minocycline Attenuates Brain Tissue Levels of TNF{alpha} After Prolonged Hypothermic Cardiac Arrest in Rats
Authors: Tomas Drabek, Andreas Janata, Jason Stezoski, Keri Janesko-Feldman, Caleb D Wilson, Samuel A Tisherman, Patrick M Kochanek
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Neuro-cognitive disabilities are a well recognized complication of hypothermic circulatory arrest. We and others have reported that prolonged cardiac arrest (CA) produces neuronal death...
Small non-coding RNA biomarkers in sputum for lung cancer diagnosis
Authors: Yun Su, Maria A. Guarnera, HongBin Fang, Feng Jiang
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2016)

The early detection of lung cancer can reduce the mortality. However, there is no effective means in clinical settings for noninvasively detecting lung cancer. We previously developed 3 sputum miRNA biomarkers and 2 sputum small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) biomarkers that can potentially be used for noninvasively diagnosing lung cancer. Here we evaluate the individual and combined applications of the two types of biomarkers in different sets of lung cancer patients and controls. Combined analysis of the miRNAs and snoRNAs has a synergistic effect with 89 % sensitivity and 89 % specificity, and may provide a useful tool for lung cancer early detection.
Quantifying the Benefits and Risks of Methylphenidate as Treatment for Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Philip Shaw
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
BHRF1, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) homologue of the BCL-2 protooncogene, is transcribed in EBV-associated B-cell lymphomas and in reactive lymphocytes
Authors: JJ Oudejans, AJ van den Brule, NM Jiwa, PC de Bruin, GJ Ossenkoppele, P van der Valk, JM Walboomers, CJ Meijer
Journal: Blood (1995)
Effects of Partial Hepatectomy of Rats on the Metabolism of Formate-C14 In Vivo by Host Liver and Morris Hepatoma 5123-C2
Authors: Glynn P. Wheeler, Jo Ann Alexander, Dorothy D. Hill, Harold P. Morris
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1966)

Journal Article Effects of Partial Hepatectomy of Rats on the Metabolism of Formate-C14In Vivo by Host Liver and Morris Hepatoma 5123-C Get access Glynn P. Wheeler, Glynn P. Wheeler Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jo Ann Alexander, Jo Ann Alexander Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dorothy D. Hill, Dorothy D. Hill Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Harold P. Morris Harold P. Morris 3The assistance of the following persons is gratefully acknowledged: D. P. Griswold, Jr., J. H. Moore, C. H. Green, and C. A. Kelley for performing the surgery; Miss Tommie Lou Barker for dissecting the animals; and T. C. Herren and Miss Mary Kate Tinklepaugh for performing radioassays. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 36, Issue 4, April 1966, Pages 709–715, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/36.4.709 Published: 01 April 1966 Article history Received: 09 August 1965 Published: 01 April 1966
Clinical response to everolimus in a patient with Hodgkin’s lymphoma harboring a TSC2 mutation
Authors: G F Perini, P V Campregher, J S Ross, S Ali, N Hamerschlak, F P S Santos
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2016)

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a lymphoid malignancy that has a high cure rate with modern chemoradiation regimens.1 However, about 10–20% of patients with advanced stage HL develop relapsed or progressive disease,1 with 5% of patients presenting with primary progressive HL that has a 5-year overall survival of only 26%.2 It is of paramount importance to develop novel treatments for this population of patients. Recently, several novel drugs were found to be active in refractory and/or relapsed HL, including the anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody brentuximab vedotin,3 the anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody nivolumab4 and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus.5 In a phase II clinical trial, everolimus was shown to induce responses in 47% of patients with relapsed HL, including one patient who achieved clinical complete remission (CR).6 However, the lack of biomarkers for response are one of the many challenges that preclude a more widespread use of this drug in the therapy of HL. The advent of next-generation sequencing may help to determine molecular biomarkers associated with response to a specific drug, particularly when patients with an exceptional response are evaluated.7
Tidal changes in respiratory resistance are sensitive indicators of airway obstruction in children
Authors: Dorottya Czövek, Claire Shackleton, Zoltán Hantos, Kate Taylor, Anushma Kumar, Archana Chacko, Robert S Ware, Gergely Makan, Bence Radics, Zoltán Gingl, Peter D Sly
Journal: Thorax (2016)

<h3>Rationale</h3> Individual assessment of airway obstruction in preschool-age children requires sensitive and specific lung function methods with low demand of cooperation. Although the forced oscillation technique (FOT) is feasible in young children, conventional measurements of respiratory impedance (Zrs) have limited diagnostic power in individuals. <h3>Objective</h3> To find descriptors of within-breath Zrs that are sensitive indicators of airway obstruction during tidal breathing in children. <h3>Methods</h3> Zrs was measured with (i) a standard multifrequency FOT (4–26 Hz) to assess the mean values of resistance and reactance for whole breaths and (ii) a 10 Hz signal to track the within-breath changes. Various Zrs measures obtained in healthy children (n=75) and those with acute wheeze (n=31) were investigated with receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. The cut-off values obtained for airway obstruction were then tested in children with recurrent wheeze (n=20) before and after administration of salbutamol. <h3>Results</h3> The largest area under the ROC curve (0.95) was observed for the tidal changes of resistance between the zero-flow values (ΔR). The ΔR cut-off value of 1.42 hPa s/L detected airway obstruction with sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 89% in children with acute wheeze and distinguished children with recurrent wheeze (16/20 above the cut-off value) from healthy children (22/23 below the cut-off value). Furthermore, ΔR significantly decreased after salbutamol in wheezy children but remained unchanged in healthy children. <h3>Conclusions</h3> New lung function measure ΔR is able to detect airway obstruction with high sensitivity and specificity and is suitable for use in lung function testing in young children.
Carpal-tunnel Syndrome
Authors: H. Garland, D. Sumner, J. M. P. Clark
Journal: BMJ (1963)

absorption is too inadequate at present for further speculation in this regard. SummaryEgg-yolk lipid has a relatively high iodine value and a relatively high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, but when fed to a man a rapid rise in serum-cholesterol levels follows.The feeding of fractionated egg yolk reveals that this activity resides in the acetone-soluble fraction, but on saponification of this fraction neither the unsaponifiable nor the saponifiable fractions give a rise in serum- cholesterol levels when fed separately.For a rise to be seen they have to be fed together, because a delay of only six hours between the feeding of the one and the other considerably nullifies this effect.It was shown by substitution that the effects of the unsaponifiable and saponifiable fractions could be reproduced by cholesterol on the one hand and a fat of a similar iodine value on the other.Cholesterol fed with oils of high-iodine value was without effect.Further experiments revealed that the range of intake of cholesterol where an effect on the serum levels was observed was between 40 to 500 mg.daily, which is below the usual daily intake expected in non-vegetarian diets.This investigation was undertaken as part of the programme of the Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, which is under the direction of Professor J. F.