tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-017 Five-year audit of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a district general hospital – sustainable or not?
Authors: J W Rademaker
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has become a specialised service and over the last few years training has been limtied to tertiary centres. NCEPOD “Scoping out Practice” (2004) highlighted the poor outcomes for therapeutic endoscopy and the modernisation of Endoscopy service has required regular audits of all endoscopy procedures. Locally ERCP has been performed by a single endoscopist for the last 5 years. <h3>Methods</h3> A local clinical information system is used to record all ERCP data and six monthly audits are carried out on all cases performed and presented to endoscopy users group and audit meetings. <h3>Results</h3> A summary of the 5 years from 2005 to 2009 are summarised below: Total No=578. Primary selective cannulation=528 (91.3%). Indications: Jaundice 47.1%, Pancreatitis 5.2%, Abnormal imaging 18%, Redo (stones and stent change) 27.3%, Other 2.4%. Findings: Stones 56.2%, Strictures 23.2%, Other 1.9% and Failed 8.7%. Procedures: Sphintertomy and stone extraction 45% or stent insertion 9.9%, Stent insertion or exchange 21.6%, Other 4.2%. Complications: None 88.1%, pancreatitis 1.2%, Cholangitis 0.9%, Bleeding 0.9%, Perforation 0.3%, Hypotension 2.2%, and Failed 8.7%. Mortality: Deaths in 30 days 6.1% but majority due to cancers. Delays: Decompression for obstructive jaundice in &lt;5 days was 15% Average 2005=11 days, 2006=13 days, 2007=18 days 2008=17 days. <h3>Conclusion</h3> ERCP perfomed by a single operator within a hospital site can meet the quality assurance standards except for the number of trained ERCPists. The majority of procedures (&gt;90%) are therapeutic and overall complications are low (5.5%). Mortality at 30 days is over 5% but the majority are related inoperable cancers presenting with obstructive jaundice. Delays due to access of x-ray screening could be improved with imaging facilities in the endoscopy department to provide a more flexible service.
PP-019 A novel and accurate single assessment patency capsule screening protocol
Authors: R Sidhu, A Blakeborough, M E McAlindon
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> An important risk of capsule endoscopy (CE) is capsule retention. Current practice is to proceed with the real CE if the patency capsule (PC) has been excreted at 30 h or if it has entered the colon on abdominal XRay (AXR). Computed Tomographic scanning (CT) may be used to determine device location if it is unclear but involves further irradiation. This study investigated the accuracy with which radiologists can determine the site of the PC on AXR and the frequency with which they would suggest a CT if uncertain. We also assessed the value of a novel single assessment PC screening protocol. <h3>Methods</h3> Twelve radiologists (six consultants and six trainees) were asked to locate the PC on 20 AXRs and to comment on the need for CT scanning using the following scoring system: 1-definitely in colon,2-probably in colon but would like a CT, 3-not sure, require CT,4-probably not in colon and would like a CT, 5 definitely not in colon. If the PC was detected by the radiofrequency identification (RFID) hand held scanner the new protocol involved an assessment in the CT scanner using a preliminary scout film avoiding the need for AXR. If the PC was absent, the patient proceeded with the real CE. If however the scout film identified the PC, a limited CT was then performed to identify its exact location. <h3>Results</h3> The 20 AXR9s consisted of 12 cases where the PC was located in the colon and not reached in seven (six in the small bowel and one in stomach). In the remaining case where the PC was not visible, this was correctly identified by 11/12 radiologists. Of the remaining 228 decisions (19 cases×12 radiologists), only 26% (n=59) were definite (grades 1 and 5) indicating that CT was not necessary but 7% (4/59) of these decisions were incorrect. Grades 2 and 4 (probably know location but would like a CT) comprised 43% of the total but 29% (29/99) of these decisions was incorrect. The remaining 70 decisions (31%) were grade 3 (not sure) indicating a CT was required. 22 patients underwent the new screening protocol; 82% females (n=18%), mean age 45 years (range 18–78 years). In two patients, the PC had been excreted between RFID scanning and the scout film being performed, so no CT was necessary. Of the remaining 20 patients, the device was identified in the stomach in one patient, small bowel in 32% (n=7, two of whom had had a normal small bowel contrast study within the last 12 months) and colon in 54.5% (n=12). <h3>Conclusion</h3> AXR cannot be relied on to accurately locate the PC and most radiologists prefer to use CT, which necessitates a further visit to hospital. We recommend a protocol which uses a scout film to perform the same function as an AXR which then guides the use of a limited CT scan at the same examination, to accurately locate the device.
Processed meat is linked to asthma symptoms, study finds
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Eating cured and processed meat such as ham and salami seems to be associated with worsening asthma symptoms, a study in the journal Thorax has found. Four or more weekly servings of processed meat seemed to have the greatest effect on symptoms.1

The researchers used data from the Epidemiological Study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA), a prospective study that has been tracking asthma patients from five cities in France. …
MT1-MMP and RECK Inversely Regulate Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Egress.
Authors: Abraham Avigdor, Yaron Vagima, Polina Goichberg, Shoham Shivtiel, Melania Tesio, Ayelet Dar, Alexander Kalinkovich, Isabelle Petit, Orly Perl, Ester Rosenthal, Igor Resnick, Izhar Hardan, Arnon Nagler, Tsvee Lapidot
Journal: Blood (2007)
Engineered Hydrogels for Local and Sustained Delivery of RNA‐Interference Therapies
Authors: Leo L. Wang, Jason A. Burdick
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

It has been nearly two decades since RNA‐interference (RNAi) was first reported. While there are no approved clinical uses, several phase II and III clinical trials suggest the great promise of RNAi therapeutics. One challenge for RNAi therapies is the controlled localization and sustained presentation to target tissues, to both overcome systemic toxicity concerns and to enhance in vivo efficacy. One approach that is emerging to address these limitations is the entrapment of RNAi molecules within hydrogels for local and sustained release. In these systems, nucleic acids are either delivered as siRNA conjugates or within nanoparticles. A plethora of hydrogels has been implemented using these approaches, including both traditional hydrogels that have already been developed for other applications and new hydrogels developed specifically for RNAi delivery. These hydrogels have been applied to various applications in vivo, including cancer, bone regeneration, inflammation and cardiac repair. This review will examine the design and implementation of such hydrogel RNAi systems and will cover the most recent applications of these systems.
Increase in Prostate Cancer Distant Metastases at Diagnosis in the United States
Authors: Jim C. Hu, Paul Nguyen, Jialin Mao, Joshua Halpern, Jonathan Shoag, Jason D. Wright, Art Sedrakyan
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

This population-based study assesses the effect of the decline in prostate-specific antigen screening and incidence on prostate cancer presentation.
Quantitative Whole Genome Analysis of Sequential Samples From Patients with B-CLL Identifies Novel Recurrent Copy Number Alterations Involving Critical B-Cell Transcription Factors
Authors: Adele Timbs, Sam Knight, Elham SadighiAkha, Adam Burns, Helene Dreau, Anne-Marie Hewitt, Chris Hatton, Chris Yau, Chris Holmes, Jenny Taylor, Anna Schuh
Journal: Blood (2010)
Abstract 2517: Effects of toll-like receptor 4 agonist on the anti-tumor immune response to the GVAX vaccine
Authors: Michael J. Korrer, Jeff W.m. Bulte, Hyam I. Levitsky
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract We evaluated the immune response elicited by co-administration of a novel toll-like receptor 4 agonist, glucopyranosyl lipid A (GLA), with a genetically modified tumor cell based vaccine (GVAX) in mice. We have previously reported that the addition of GLA to the GVAX vaccine in mice resulted in a paradoxical decrease in delivery of tumor antigen to the draining lymph node, yet an increase in therapeutic benefit. The addition of GLA to GVAX altered the distribution of the vaccine induced anti-tumor T cell response. In mice vaccinated with GVAX + GLA adjuvant tumor-specific T cells accumulated in the spleen, liver and footpad as soon as two days following vaccination. In contrast, in mice vaccinated with GVAX alone, tumor-specific T cells accumulated primarily only in the dLN. Since our previous study established that incorporation of GLA into the GVAX vaccine did not alter the magnitude of the anti-tumor T cell response, we set out to determine if the co-administration of GLA with GVAX altered the functional capabilities of the anti-tumor T cell response. We found that GLA did not increase in vivo tumor-specific cytotoxic activity or increase the number of anti-tumor interferon-γ expressing T cells found in the tumor or spleen following vaccination. We next determined if the addition of GLA to GVAX altered the kinetics of the anti-tumor T cell response. We found that the addition of GLA to the GVAX vaccine resulted in rapid accumulation of activated anti-tumor T cells in the spleen. Our results suggest that addition of GLA to the GVAX vaccine does not increase the magnitude or significantly improve functional capabilities of the anti-tumor immune response. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the addition of GLA to the GVAX vaccine increases therapeutic benefit by altering the distribution of the response, resulting in a more systemic anti-tumor immune response. Citation Format: Michael J. Korrer, Jeff W.m. Bulte, Hyam I. Levitsky. Effects of toll-like receptor 4 agonist on the anti-tumor immune response to the GVAX vaccine. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2517. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2517
Public Health Surveillance Systems: Recent Advances in Their Use and Evaluation
Authors: Samuel L. Groseclose, David L. Buckeridge
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2016)

Surveillance is critical for improving population health. Public health surveillance systems generate information that drives action, and the data must be of sufficient quality and with a resolution and timeliness that matches objectives. In the context of scientific advances in public health surveillance, changing health care and public health environments, and rapidly evolving technologies, the aim of this article is to review public health surveillance systems. We consider their current use to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the public health system, the role of system stakeholders, the analysis and interpretation of surveillance data, approaches to system monitoring and evaluation, and opportunities for future advances in terms of increased scientific rigor, outcomes-focused research, and health informatics.
Functional regulation of ribonucleotide reductase subunits is dependent on phosphatidylinositol kinase-related kinases in response to UV irradiation
Authors: Xiyong Liu, Bingsen Zhou, Lijun Xue, Christina Qi, Janice Lee, Jeniffer Shih, David Ann, Yun Yen
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

822  Ribonucleotide reductase is responsible for the de novo conversion of ribonucleotide diphosphates to deoxyribonucleotide diphosphates, which is essential for DNA synthesis and repair. In mammalian cells, several studies revealed that the small subunit RRM2 is an S-phase-dependent protein that dominantly contributes to RR activity in DNA replication. The small subunit p53R2 has been reported to be involved in a p53-dependent cell cycle checkpoint for DNA damage. The repair of double-stranded DNA damage is governed mainly through three members of the phosphatidylinositol kinase-related kinases (PIKK) family: ATM, ATR, and DNA-PKcs. To clarify the correlation between PIKK family members and RR subunits, the clones of AT/pEB7 (ATM-), YZ5 (ATM+), M059J (DNA-PKCs-deficient), M059K (DNA-PK+), U20S.GK41 (ATR-kd inducible), and U20S.GW33 (ATR-wt inducible) were employed to investigate the translocation and expression of RR subunits in response to UV irradiation. Confocal results indicated that RR subunits are cytoplasmic-dominant proteins in normal growth cells. Under UV irradiation, nuclear localization of p53R2 and RRM2 could be seen in MO59K (DNA-PKcs+) and YZ5 (ATM+) cells, rather than MO59J (DNA-PKcs-) and pEB7 (ATM-) cells. In order to assure that the different signaling and translocation of p53R2 are related to protein modification and transactivation, the Western blot procedure was employed to examine ATM/DNA-PKcs wt/deficiency clones. In the Western blot, p53R2, from nuclear extraction, was observed as two bands. The phosphorylated p53R2, shown as the upper band, could be co-immunoprecipitated by antibody against hRRM1. Under UV irradiation, the p53R2 and RRM2 proteins decreased in MO59J (DNA-PKcs-), MO59K (DNA-PKcs+) and pEB7 (ATM-) cells, but increased in YZ5 (ATM+) cells. In addition, an increase of the upper band in YZ5 (ATM+) cells could be seen clearly. Our findings indicate that RR small subunits9 modification, shuttling and expression is PIKK dependent. This PIKK dependent RR regulation could be crucial for cell cycle arrest in response to UV irradiation. ( This is supported by NCI RO1 CA72767)
Abstract 399: Nanoparticle silencing of β1 and β3 integrins augments Dasatinib sensitivity
Authors: Jenny G. Parvani, Vinson Chu, Sarah Roelle, Zheng-Rong Lu, William Schiemann
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are an aggressive subcategory of breast cancers that currently lack FDA-approved targeted therapies. Previous studies have i) further subcategorized TNBCs into 5 distinct subtypes, each with a preferential response to specific chemotherapies and ii) identified beta1 and beta3 integrins to be key mediators of breast cancer EMT and metastasis. We surveyed beta1 and beta3 integrin expression in the 5 subtypes of TNBC with and without treatment of their proposed chemotherapies by western blot analysis. Using nanoparticles, we delivered beta1 and beta3 integrin-specific siRNAs to silence the expression of both integrins either with or without treatment of the proposed chemotherapies, and evaluated the effect of these treatment regimens on EMT, invasion, and 3D outgrowth. We demonstrated that beta1 and beta3 integrins are robustly expressed in the Mesenchymal Stem-Like, Mesenchymal, and Basal-Like2 subtypes of TNBCs. Furthermore, we observed elevated expression of beta1 integrin upon Dasatinib treatment of the Mesenchymal Stem-Like subtype. Lastly, we determined that delivery of beta1 and beta3 integrin siRNAs sensitized breast cancer cells to Dasatinib treatment. Collectively, our data suggests that delivery of beta1 and beta3 integrin-specific siRNAs in combination with Dasatinib treatment efficiently eliminates the aggressive characteristics of Mesenchymal Stem-Like breast cancer cell lines. Citation Format: Jenny G. Parvani, Vinson Chu, Sarah Roelle, Zheng-Rong Lu, William Schiemann. Nanoparticle silencing of β1 and β3 integrins augments Dasatinib sensitivity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 399. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-399
Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and assessment of treatment response through analyses of volatile compound patterns in exhaled breath samples
Authors: Nicola M. Zetola, Chawangwa Modongo, Ogopotse Matsiri, Tsaone Tamuhla, Bontle Mbongwe, Keikantse Matlhagela, Enoch Sepako, Alexandro Catini, Giorgio Sirugo, Eugenio Martinelli, Roberto Paolesse, Corrado Di Natale
Journal: Journal of Infection (2016)
EUTOS Score Is Predictive of Event-Free Survival, but Not for Progression-Free and Overall Survival in Patients with Early Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treated with Imatinib: A Single Institution Experience
Authors: Katia B. Pagnano, Irene Lorand-Metze, Eliana C M Miranda, Vagner O Duarte, Marcia T Delamain, Gislaine O Duarte, Carmino Antonio De Souza
Journal: Blood (2012)
IKZF3 p.L162R Is a Recurrent Hotspot Mutation in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Authors: Koichi Takahashi, Candida Vitale, Carlos Bueso-Ramos, Feng Wang, Ekaterina Kim, Jianhua Zhang, Curtis Gumbs, Mark Routbort, Zeev Estrov, Nitin Jain, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Jan A. Burger, Alessandra Ferrajoli, Michael Keating, Andrew Futreal, William Wierda
Journal: Blood (2015)
Repulsive Guidance Molecule b (Dragon) Induces Resistance to Oxaliplatin in Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Ying Shi, Guobin Chen, Ying Wang, Xiaoxiao Huang, Yuansheng Liu, Chuanxing Xiao, Jianlin Ren, Yin Xia, Bayasi Guleng
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2016)
Abstract 1892: Curcumin induces apoptosis in H-<i>Ras</i> transformed human mammary epithelial cells: Cysteine 259 of STAT3 as a putative target
Authors: Young-Il Hahn, Su-Jung Kim, Bu-Young Choi, Hye-Kyung Na, Young-Joon Surh
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor that is latent but constitutively activated in many types of cancers. It is well known that STAT3 plays a key role in inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. Curcumin, a natural compound isolated from the traditional Indian spice turmeric (Curcuma longa.,Zingiberaceae), has anti-tumor, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. This compound has been extensively used in traditional herbal medicine over the centuries mainly due to its pronounced anti-inflammatory effects. Many studies suggest that curcumin regulates various cancer-related intracellular signaling pathways without damaging normal cells and tissues. Here, we report that curcumin effectively inhibits activation of STAT3 in dose- and time-dependent manners and causes apoptosis of H-Ras transformed breast epithelial cells (H-Ras MCF10A). Specific cysteine residues present in STAT3 appear to be critical for the activity as well as conformation of this transcription factor. We identified the cysteine residue 259 as a putative target of curcumin. We found that the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety of curcumin appears to be essential in its direct binding to STAT3. Tetrahydrocurcumin that lacks the electrophilic α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety failed to inhibit STAT3 activation and to induce apoptosis in the same cell line. Taken together, our findings suggest that curcumin can abrogate persistently activated STAT3 signaling through direct interaction, thereby inhibiting STAT3-mediated mammary carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Young-Il Hahn, Su-Jung Kim, Bu-Young Choi, Hye-Kyung Na, Young-Joon Surh. Curcumin induces apoptosis in H-Ras transformed human mammary epithelial cells: Cysteine 259 of STAT3 as a putative target. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1892. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1892
Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine in preventing Ebola virus disease: final results from the Guinea ring vaccination, open-label, cluster-randomised trial (Ebola Ça Suffit!)
Authors: Ana Maria Henao-Restrepo, Anton Camacho, Ira M Longini, Conall H Watson, W John Edmunds, Matthias Egger, Miles W Carroll, Natalie E Dean, Ibrahima Diatta, Moussa Doumbia, Bertrand Draguez, Sophie Duraffour, Godwin Enwere, Rebecca Grais, Stephan Gunther, Pierre-Stéphane Gsell, Stefanie Hossmann, Sara Viksmoen Watle, Mandy Kader Kondé, Sakoba Kéïta, Souleymane Kone, Eewa Kuisma, Myron M Levine, Sema Mandal, Thomas Mauget, Gunnstein Norheim, Ximena Riveros, Aboubacar Soumah, Sven Trelle, Andrea S Vicari, John-Arne Røttingen, Marie-Paule Kieny
Journal: The Lancet (2016)

rVSV-ZEBOV is a recombinant, replication competent vesicular stomatitis virus-based candidate vaccine expressing a surface glycoprotein of Zaire Ebolavirus. We tested the effect of rVSV-ZEBOV in preventing Ebola virus disease in contacts and contacts of contacts of recently confirmed cases in Guinea, west Africa.
Abstract 5100: Aerobic glycolysis is the primary metabolic pathway used for prostate cancer cell motility and invasion processes regardless of androgen sensitivity
Authors: James E. Verdone, Jelani C. Zarif, Kenneth J. Pienta
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The ability of a cancer cell to detach from a primary tumor and intravasate is a fundamental prerequisite for development of metastatic disease. As metastatic tumors are frequently the principal cause of death in cancer patients with advanced disease, targeting the ability of cancer cells to metastasize may improve patient outcomes. Advanced, aggressive prostate cancers are characterized by abnormal metabolic upregulation of aerobic glycolysis, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. We have previously demonstrated that prostate cancer and breast cancer cells use aerobic glycolysis as the primary energy pathway for cellular motility and cytoskeletal remodeling. In clinical prostate cancer patients, the progression of cells to an androgen insensitive state renders treatment difficult and often unsuccessful. In the present study, we investigate the role of aerobic glycolysis in motility and invasion in prostate cancer cells with intact androgen signaling. To test this, we utilized a Seahorse XF24 metabolic to measure aerobic glycolysis and oxygen consumption rate of prostate cancer cells with and without intact androgen receptor signaling. Cellular motility was measured by tracking cell movement over time while subjecting cells to pharmacological inhibition of aerobic glycolysis, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, or fatty acid beta-oxidation. Cellular invasion was measured by a Boyden chamber invasion assay with similar pharmacological inhibition. As anticipated, prostate cancer cells with intact androgen receptor signaling displayed a modulated usage of aerobic glycolysis, whereas mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was unchanged. Consequently, androgen receptor signaling altered cancer cell invasiveness. Notably, regardless of invasiveness and androgen receptor status, cellular motility and invasion capacity can be attenuated upon pharmacological inhibition of aerobic glycolysis. Taken together, these data suggest that targeting aerobic glycolysis in prostate cancer could severely weaken prostate cancer metastatic capability and limit tumor spread from the primary site. In the future, combining glycolytic inhibitors with conventional therapy may prevent dissemination of metastatic clones to distal sites and thus drastically reduce risk of metastatic recurrence. Citation Format: James E. Verdone, Jelani C. Zarif, Kenneth J. Pienta. Aerobic glycolysis is the primary metabolic pathway used for prostate cancer cell motility and invasion processes regardless of androgen sensitivity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5100. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5100
A Novel Mechanism in Generation of Self-Antigen Repertoire - An Unconventional Antigen Translated by a Novel Internal Ribosome Entry Site Elicits Anti-Tumor Humoral Immune Responses.
Authors: Xiao-Feng Yang, Zeyu Xiong, Enli Liu, Yan Yan, Richard T. Silver, Srdan Verstovsek, Josef Prchal, Hong Wang
Journal: Blood (2006)