tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and tolerability of ethionamide<i>versus</i>prothionamide: a systematic review
Authors: Anna Scardigli, Jose A. Caminero, Giovanni Sotgiu, Rosella Centis, Lia D'Ambrosio, Giovanni Battista Migliori
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

To treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), the World Health Organization recommends to include, during the intensive phase of treatment, at least a parenteral agent, a later-generation fluoroquinolone, ethionamide (Eth) (or prothionamide (Pth)), cycloserine (Cs) or p -aminosalicylic acid (PAS) if Cs cannot be used, and pyrazinamide (Pzd) (which is not considered among the aforementioned four probably effective drugs) [1, 2]. In particular, among the four drugs likely to be effective, at least two essential or "core" drugs (one with a good bactericidal and one with a good sterilising activity) and two other "companion" drugs should be administered [3, 4]. Prothionamide is slightly better than ethionamide in treating MDR-TB patients <http://ow.ly/bSwY300i061> The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication and they do not necessarily represent the decisions and policies of their institutions.
SAT0605 A Contribution to Detection of Anticardiolipin and Anti-β2 Glycoprotein I Antibodies: Comparison Between a Home-Made Elisa and a Fluorescence Enzyme Immunoassay: Table 1
Authors: E. Mattia, A. Ruffatti, L. Meneghel, M. Tonello, D. Faggian, A. Hoxha, M. Fedrigo, M. Plebani, L. Punzi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Currently, ELISA for detection of anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti-β2Glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI) antibodies is not standardized. Recently, few studies have compared the performance of ELISA with that of Fluorescence enzyme immunoassay (FEIA), but they have produced debatable results. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this investigation was to compare ELISA with FEIA results in detecting aCL and anti-β2GPI antibodies and to evaluate the diagnostic value of FEIA through the analysis of a group of ELISA negative patients with clinical manifestations of APS. <h3>Methods</h3> The study cohort included 94 primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) patients, 65 subjects with the clinical criteria for PAPS classification but ELISA negative for the laboratory criteria and 78 healthy subjects age- and sex-matched to the patients. Serum IgG/IgM aCL/anti-β2GPI antibodies were determined using FEIA-EliA™ and a home-made ELISA. The cut-off values were calculated as &gt; the 99th percentile using sera from 78 healthy controls. <h3>Results</h3> The data obtained with the two techniques are showed in the table, in particular, the sensitivities of the two methods were similar with the exception of IgM aCL which were found to be significantly prevalent in the PAPS patients using the ELISA method. The two techniques had a comparable specificity, a high/significant agreement and a significant correlation between the antibody levels. FEIA testing uncovered no significant prevalence of any antiphospholipid (aPL) antibody in the ELISA negative patients. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results suggest that FEIA is comparable to a home-made ELISA which is currently the most widely test used for aPL detection. These results could support the routine use of FEIA-EliA™ in detecting aCL and anti-β2GPI antibodies on PAPS patients. However, only its use on a large scale will indicate in the future if it can be considered a valid method for classification of PAPS. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Abstract 2232: 64-MDCT Provides Lower CT Numbers than EBCT in Coronary Artery Calcium Scans
Authors: Philip A Araoz, Natalie N Braun, Andrew N Primak, Lawrence F Bielak, Patricia A Peyser, Andrew J Misselt, Scott R Harris, Matthew S Hayes, Patrick F Sheedy, Cynthia H McCollough
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Endometrial Biopsy
Authors: Paul Gordon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Endometrial biopsy is an office-based method for evaluating the tissue lining the uterus. There are a number of indications for which the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends endometrial evaluation. This video will demonstrate the technique of endometrial biopsy. The many indications for endometrial biopsy include abnormal uterine bleeding, postmenopausal bleeding, and amenorrhea for a year or longer. Additional indications include endometrial dating to define the phase of the menstrual cycle, evaluation of infertility, and evaluation of uterine response to hormone . . . .
PTH-271 Neutrophil extracellular trap formation is increased in patients with colorectal cancer in-vivo
Authors: JJR Richardson, CW Hendrickse, F Gao-Smith, DR Thickett
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Emerging evidence suggests that neutrophils, which function as the first line of defence during infections and have been shown to have a multitude of additional roles in immunity, facilitate cancer progression. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) are extra-cellular neutrophil derived DNA webs that trap and kill invading pathogens. NETs have been implicated in the promotion of cancer progression and to the development of metastases by sequestering circulating tumour cells. Although NETs have been detected in infection their role in-vivo is unclear. This study was performed to evaluate any differences in NET formation in patients with Colorectal Cancer compared to healthy individuals. <h3>Method</h3> Systemic neutrophils were isolated from consecutive consenting patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer and from consenting age-matched Healthy Controls (in the absence of infection). NETs were measured in response to No-Stimulant, IL-8, LPS and f-MLP by fluorescence video-microscopy. <h3>Results</h3> 41 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer were evaluated (mean 68.6years, 95% CI 65.2–71.5) and compared to 20 Healthy Controls (mean 69.9years, 95% CI 66.3–73.5). Increases in NET formation were demonstrated in patients with Colorectal Cancer compared with Healthy Controls: No-Stimulant (12,440AFU vs. 9,251AFU, p = 0.0264), IL-8 (13,210AFU vs. 8,620AFU, p = 0.0014), LPS (13,850AFU vs. 11,650AFU, p = 0.0275), f-MLP (12,810AFU vs. 10,790AFU, p = 0.3293). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Significant increases in NET formation have been demonstrated in patients with colorectal cancer. These findings suggest that NETs are implicated in cancer development and progression. NETs could represent potential therapeutic targets and merit further investigation in the context of Colorectal Cancer. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Predicting future physical injury in sports: it's a complicated dynamic system
Authors: Chad Cook
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

What does sport injury risk have to do with weather forecasting and predicting who will be the next President of the USA? Everything! The commonalities are that each occurs within a dynamic system. If you know how dynamic systems work, you will better predict sports injuries.

A dynamic system is an environment that depends on internal and external factors to attain stability.1 Organisms/participants/traits within a dynamic system adapt and change when factors within the system change. Scientists routinely predict risk in a variety of dynamic systems such as weather, political forecasting and projecting traffic fatalities. Ideally, the modelling for each forecasting model involves sophisticated statistical assessment, complex/multiple simulation studies, allowances of time-related changes and distinctly large sample sizes.

What about sports injuries? Predictive models used in dynamic systems identify predictors in a changing environment, in which outcomes are influenced by both the baseline characteristics (the predictors) and external environmental mediators (other factors, unaccounted for at baseline). Sports injuries occur within a dynamic system and our attempts at predicting injury have ignored the dynamic nature of the system (eg, changes in strength or accounting for factors such as physical contact injuries). We assumed that baseline characteristics such as strength, balance and flexibility would predict an injurious event, independent of their internally driven change and often independent …
THU0626-HPR Outcome of Muscle Impairment and Quality of Life in Patients with Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis Five Years Following Diagnosis
Authors: I.-M. Rydesjö, L. Alemo Munters, C. Ottosson, M. Dastmalchi, I.E. Lundberg, H. Alexanderson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Polymyosit (PM) and dermatomyosit (DM) are rare systemic inflammatory diseases presenting with impaired muscle function which is usually assessed by the manual muscle test (MMT)-8 muscle groups. Quality of life is also reduced. The use of the disease-specific muscle endurance measure Functional Index-2 (FI-2) has indicated severely impaired muscle endurance in adult PM/DM and a majority of patients might not improve clinically relevant in muscle endurance one year after diagnosis. It is not known how muscle endurance develops over a longer period in these patients. <h3>Objectives</h3> To study how muscle strength, muscle endurance and quality of life change over five years after diagnosis, and to investigate possible relationships between muscle impairment and quality of life in patients with adult PM/DM at 5-year follow-up. <h3>Methods</h3> Data of muscle strength (MMT-8), muscle endurance (FI-2), and quality of life (SF-36, 0-100, 100 = good health) were retrieved from the Swedish Myositis Register (SweMyoNet) on patients followed at Karolinska University Hospital at one year (n=49) and five years (n=44) after diagnosis of adult PM or DM. <h3>Results</h3> On a group level there was no change in muscle endurance (FI-2) at 5 years; median 27 (q1-q3 6-72) % of maximal score compared to 1-year follow-up 29 (17-61). Also, muscle strength (MMT) was unchanged at 5 years; 98 (86-100)% of maximal score compared to 1-year 96 (88-99)%. Six out of 26 patients improved in FI-2 ≥20% (of whom 4 ≥70%) and 11/26 patients worsened ≥20% (of whom 6 ≥50%, of whom 4 ≥70%) at 5 years. 1/28 patients improved in MMT-8 ≥20%, while none worsened. The group (n=33) had significantly more pain (SF-36 Bodily pain), 51 (41-84) at 5 years compared to 1-year, 74 (51-84) (p&lt;0.05) while the remaining domains were unchanged. FI-2 correlated strongly to SF-36 Physical Function (PF) (r<sub>s</sub>=0.80) and moderately to Role-Physical (RP) (r<sub>s</sub>=0.50), Social function (SF) (r<sub>s</sub>=0.52) and Role Emotional (RE) (r<sub>s</sub>=0.54). The MMT correlated equally strong to PF, with moderate correlations to General Health (r<sub>s</sub>=0.63), SF (r<sub>s</sub>=0.58) and RE (r<sub>s</sub>=0.54). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Forty-two % of patients worsened in muscle endurance while 23% had a clinically relevant improvement while most patients remained unchanged in muscle strength between one and five years after start of immunosuppressive treatment. Patients scored worse pain after 5 years compared to one year post treatment-start. The objective assessments FI-2 and MMT correlated strongly to self-reported quality of life (physical function). These data are preliminary due to large number of missing data, but raise concern and the need for systematic follow-up of these variables in larger cohorts of myositis patients. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Childhood parental death and adult psychopathology
Authors: P V Ragan, T H McGlashan
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

Childhood parental death has frequently been linked with adult mental disorders--mostly depression. The authors found no association with psychiatric diagnosis among 72 inpatients who had experienced the death of a parent when they were children, compared with 460 other patients in the Chestnut Lodge Follow-Up Study. The patients with a childhood parental death did, however, have significantly greater family pathology and impaired social and heterosexual functioning. These results refute the view that childhood parental death is singularly casual of adult psychopathology but support its role in a multidetermining matrix of contributing factors.
Heparinized saline to flush Groshong catheters.
Authors: M K Horne, D J Mayo, R E Wittes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1993.11.12.2458 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 8246036 Heparinized saline to flush Groshong catheters. M K Horne 3rdxM K Horne 3rdSearch for articles by this author , D J MayoxD J MayoSearch for articles by this author , R E WittesxR E WittesSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1993.11.12.2458 PDF "Heparinized saline to flush Groshong catheters.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 11(12), p. 2458© 1993 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
The Path to Enlightenment: Making Sense of Genomic and Proteomic Information
Authors: Martin H. Maurer
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2004)

Abstract Whereas genomics describes the study of genome, mainly represented by its gene expression on the DNA or RNA level, the term proteomics denotes the study of the proteome, which is the protein complement encoded by the genome. In recent years, the number of proteomic experiments increased tremendously. While all fields of proteomics have made major technological advances, the biggest step was seen in bioinformatics. Biological information management relies on sequence and structure databases and powerful software tools to translate experimental results into meaningful biological hypotheses and answers. In this resource article, I provide a collection of databases and software available on the Internet that are useful to interpret genomic and proteomic data. The article is a toolbox for researchers who have genomic or proteomic datasets and need to put their findings into a biological context.
The duration of a life of quality should become the focus of "quality-of-life" studies.
Authors: R D Gelber, A Goldhirsch, M Castiglione
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1989.7.4.542 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 2926475 The duration of a life of quality should become the focus of "quality-of-life" studies. R D GelberxR D GelberSearch for articles by this author , A GoldhirschxA GoldhirschSearch for articles by this author , M CastiglionexM CastiglioneSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1989.7.4.542 First Page PDF © 1989 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Implications of California's new mental health law
Authors: A H Urmer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

The author describes the impact that implementation of California's new mental health law and of its amendments has had on the development of community mental health programs. The new legislation has acted as a catalyst to the growth of local mental health programs by providing restrictions on involuntary treatment as well as fiscal incentives for local programs. The effect of the legislation on patients has varied according to patient needs and the resources available in the community. Although the problems and controversies have arisen regarding the placement of chronic patients, impact on law enforcement, and quality of care, the service delivery system developed in response to the new legislation has resulted in a greater emphasis on crisis intervention, greater visibility of direct services, and increased community awareness and concern regarding mental health. The author concludes that mental health laws can become the catalyst for major changes in the mental health services delivery system.
Comparison of Kappa &amp; Lambda Freelite to Total Kappa &amp; Lambda Immunoassays for the Detection of Monoclonal Gammopathies, Both As Standalone Tests and Alongside Serum Protein Electrophoresis
Authors: Vania T M Hungria, Petros Kampanis, Mark T Drayson, Tim Plant, Edvan de Queiroz Crusoe, Ana Lucia Peres, Priscilla Cury, Manuella Sampaio, Elyara Soares, Stephen Harding
Journal: Blood (2014)
An Investigation into the Synergistic Antileukemic Action of Amethopterin and 6-Mercaptopurine in Mice
Authors: Abraham Goldin, John M. Venditti, Stewart R. Humphreys, Don Dennis, Nathan Mantel, Samuel W. Greenhouse
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1955)

An Investigation into the Synergistic Antileukemic Action of Amethopterin and 6-Mercaptopurine in Mice Get access Abraham Goldin, Abraham Goldin Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John M. Venditti, John M. Venditti Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stewart R. Humphreys, Stewart R. Humphreys Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Don Dennis, Don Dennis Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nathan Mantel, Nathan Mantel Biometry and Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Samuel W. Greenhouse Samuel W. Greenhouse Biometry and Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 16, Issue 1, August 1955, Pages 129–138, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/16.1.129 Published: 01 August 1955 Article history Received: 13 December 1954 Published: 01 August 1955
European Perspectives
Authors: Jan Kovac
Journal: Circulation (2007)

T he United Kingdom's first percutaneous aortic valve replacements (PAVRs), a technique where the artificial valve is loaded inside a catheter and self-expands to fix in position, have already proved an immense success (Figure 1).The patients are well, having left hospital within 48 hours, and already the physician who led the pioneering procedure is making bold forecasts about the potential of such interventions.In fact, Dr Jan Kovac, director of Interventional Cardiology Laboratories, at the division of cardiology, Glenfield Hospital, believes that the percutaneous technique for aortic valve replacement has the potential to rapidly become the second-most-common cardiac intervention after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty."I believe this technique is the biggest innovation in cardiology over the last 30 years, since the introduction of the coronary angioplasty," he says."As more and more aortic valve replacements are needed around the world because of an ageing population, there's no question in my mind that many patients in the future will be able to have heart valves replaced percutaneously in a cath lab rather than having to endure open-heart surgery."But, explains Dr Kovac, a great deal of work was involved before his lab could become the first unit in the United Kingdom to offer the procedure."It was the culmination of the consistent, focused, and continuous effort of a multidisciplinary team, combined with crucial support from cardiac surgeons with a broad vision of the future in cardiac intervention, beyond contemporary surgical practice."Also required was the involvement of echocardiography Jan Kovac, MRCP, MD, FESC, led the team at Glenfield Hospital in Leicester, United Kingdom, that conducted the first percutaneous aortic valve replacement intervention in the country.Getting the initiative off the ground required much effort from a multidisciplinary team and the hospital authorities.He discusses the process and its results with Mark Nicholls.
PTH-111 Alpha-fetoprotein (afp) in hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc): determination of optimum cut-off value for prognosis
Authors: NG Ladep, O Noorullah, C Sieberhagen, E Boland, WY Ding, T Cross, R Sturgess, N Stern
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Whilst alpha feto-protein is secreted by some hepatocellular carcinoma, it is not recommended for diagnosis in current guidelines. It is well recognised as a marker of prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma and therefore we aimed to determine an appropriate cut-off value that would provide optimal prognostic information for this cancer. <h3>Method</h3> Consecutive patients (n = 432) with valid alpha feto-protein measurements diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma during 2005 to 2014 in the Liverpool region, UK were included. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of alpha feto-protein by status of patients was used to determine the optimal cut-off. This value was then used to assess overall survival of the study population by type of treatment. The predictive performance of the new cut-off was assessed by its performance in the Hepatoma arterial-embolisation prognostic score of patients treated by trans-arterial chemoembolisation. <h3>Results</h3> Serum alpha feto-protein value, ≥43 ng/mL predicted prognosis (sensitivity 48% / specificity 78%) better than ≥400 ng/mL (sensitivity 28%/specificity 89%). The median survival was 28 months (95% CI: 21–33) in patients with AFP &lt;43 ng/mL and 7 months (95% CI: 5–8) for those whose alpha feto-protein was ≥43 ng/mL. Also, accurate prediction of survival for hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving loco-regional therapy (34 months vs. 14 months, p &lt; 0.0001) and curative therapy (43 months vs. 15 months, p = 0.001) was obtained. <h3>Conclusion</h3> An alpha feto-protein of ≥43 was defined as the optimal cut-off to aid prognostic predictions. These results require external validation before recommendation for decision making in clinical practice. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Gastric Acidity before and after the Development of Carcinoma of the Stomach&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M W COMFORT, M P KELSEY, J BERKSON
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1947)

Journal Article Gastric Acidity before and after the Development of Carcinoma of the Stomach Get access Mandred W. Comfort, M. D., Mandred W. Comfort, M. D. Division of Medicine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mavis P. Kelsey, M. D., Mavis P. Kelsey, M. D. Division of Medicine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph Berkson, M. D. Joseph Berkson, M. D. Division of Biometry and Medical Statistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 7, Issue 5, April 1947, Pages 367–373, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/7.5.367 Published: 01 April 1947