tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1364: Osteoprotegerin production by breast cancer cells: Regulation by NF-kappaB and role in metastasis
Authors: Michael Weichhaus, Prabu Segaran, Dirk Geerts, Linda Connelly
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Human breast cancer cells and tissues express the protein osteoprotegerin (OPG). While many studies have investigated the role of OPG in cancer as a mediator of bone remodeling, few studies consider its impact outside the bone microenvironment. Further investigation is therefore required into endogenous OPG expression by breast cancer cells and its effects on tumor progression. OPG can be regulated by the transcription factor NF-kappaB in several cell types. We investigated whether OPG expression in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells was regulated by NF-kappaB. Cells were treated for 24 hours with 10ng/ml TNF-alpha or 10µM thymoquinone (TQ), to stimulate or inhibit NF-kappaB activity respectively. OPG expression was measured by real time RT-PCR (mRNA) and ELISA (protein). OPG levels were increased after treatment with TNF-alpha while treatment with TQ decreased expression. We used the chick embryo metastasis model to determine the effect of OPG on metastasis. Human breast cancer cells were inoculated onto the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) where they form a tumor that metastasizes to the chick tissue. Metastasis is quantified by real time PCR for Human Alu repeat DNA sequences in the chick tissue. We transfected MDA-MB-231 cells with OPG-specific siRNA which reduced OPG mRNA expression up to 72 hours post-transfection. OPG knockdown or control (non-targeting siRNA) treated cells were inoculated onto the CAM at embryonic day 9; chick tissue was harvested at day 16 and analyzed for breast cancer cell metastasis. We found a significant reduction in metastasis of the OPG knockdown cells compared to the control. We performed genome-wide mRNA microarray data analysis to determine whether OPG expression correlates with breast cancer progression in human tumor samples. OPG expression in 1809 breast cancer tissues was not correlated with prognosis. However, analyses by breast cancer subtypes showed that high OPG mRNA expression correlated with poorer prognosis in basal (p=0.0028, n=383) and also HER2 positive tumor subtypes (p=0.021, n=408). In summary, our data suggest that OPG expression in breast cancer cells is regulated by NF-kappaB, a transcription factor associated with pro-tumor effects. Our in vivo studies suggest that OPG promotes metastasis. We are currently determining the mechanism whereby OPG exerts its effects. Since OPG levels correlate with poorer prognosis in basal and HER2 positive tumors, treatment strategies targeting OPG in the primary tumor may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for these disease subytpes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1364. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1364
The Incidence of Zoster after Immunization with Live Attenuated Varicella Vaccine
Authors: Iain Hardy, Anne A. Gershon, Sharon P. Steinberg, Philip LaRussa
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

The Oka strain of live attenuated varicella vaccine is immunogenic and highly protective, but there has been concern about the risk of zoster after immunization.We examined the incidence of zoster, risk factors for it, and measures of immune response in children with leukemia who received the vaccine and in appropriate controls.After a mean follow-up of 4.1 years, zoster was documented in 13 of the 548 vaccinated children with leukemia (2.4 percent). In a subgroup of 96 vaccinated children matched prospectively with 96 children with leukemia who had had natural varicella infections, there were 4 cases of zoster among the vaccinated children and 15 among the controls, for crude incidence rates of 0.80 and 2.46 cases per 100 person-years, respectively (P = 0.01). Of the total of 13 vaccinated children who had zoster, 11 had a skin rash due to varicella-zoster virus, either from the vaccine itself or from breakthrough varicella after household exposure in the period between immunization and the documentation of zoster. In the 268 children who had any type of rash caused by varicella-zoster virus after vaccination, as compared with those who did not have a rash, the relative risk of subsequent zoster was 5.75. For the 21 vaccinated children who received bone marrow transplants, as compared with those who did not, the relative risk of zoster was 7.5. Cell-mediated immunity as assessed by lymphocyte stimulation was lower in 4 children in whom zoster later developed than in 29 controls who had been vaccinated but who did not have zoster (mean stimulation index, 5.1 vs. 23.8; P = 0.0001).In children with leukemia who receive the live attenuated varicella vaccine, the subsequent incidence of zoster is lower than in children who have natural varicella infections.
Membranes, Myelin, and the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Stephen G. Waxman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

DEMYELINATION, or the loss of myelin, characterizes a number of common neurologic diseases. The most common of these is multiple sclerosis. At any given time, there are approximately 250,000 patients with the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in the United States alone. Moreover, multiple sclerosis may serve as a model disease, since in its classic form its course includes remissions in the presence of apparently fixed histologic abnormalities.This article will briefly review the pathophysiology of nerve-impulse conduction in demyelinated fibers. In particular, it will focus on three major questions: What is the physiology of conduction in normal myelinated fibers? What . . .
Latex-Fixation Test in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Adalbert F. Schubart, Alan S. Cohen, Evan Calkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THE serologic reactions of patients with rheumatoid arthritis have been reviewed in recent publications.1 2 3 Until 1956 the sensitized erythrocyte was the preferred tool for demonstrating the agglutinationactivating factor, commonly referred to as the rheumatoid factor. This test, using erythrocytes from various sources as carriers and indicators, requires heat inactivation of the test serum to destroy the hemolytic activity of serum complement. Furthermore, the removal of heterophil antibodies by absorption is essential in all tests that utilize sheep cells.2 In 1956 Singer and Plotz4 introduced the latexfixation test (F-II L.P. test).¶ The erythrocytes of the preceding serologic technics were replaced by . . .
Refusal of Cancer Treatment in Testicular Cancer Patients
Authors: J. W. MOUL, D. F. PAULSON, P. J. WALTHER
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Refusal of Cancer Treatment in Testicular Cancer Patients Get access JUDD W. MOUL, JUDD W. MOUL * Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC 27710 *Correspondence to: Dr. Judd W. Moul, Department of Surgery, U.S.U.H.S., 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD 20814 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DAVID F. PAULSON, DAVID F. PAULSON Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC 27710 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar PHILIP J. WALTHER PHILIP J. WALTHER Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical CenterDurham, NC 27710 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 20, 18 October 1989, Pages 1587–1588, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.20.1587 Published: 18 October 1989
Möglichkeiten für die Ermittlung meßbarer und vergleichbarer Kennzahlen für Endoskopoptiken
Authors: K. Leising, K.-J. Rosenbruch
Journal: Endoscopy (1971)

Apart from pointing out to the necessity of a uniform nomenclature for the geometrical values like tube diameter, tube length, and direction of view, additional proposals are made for measuring other optical properties like field-angle, magnification, diameter of entrance and exit pupils, transmittance, and vignetting, all of them important features for describing the characteristics of endoscopes. It is further shown that the optical transfer function (OTF) offers a very good possibility for characterizing the image quality which is subject to aberrations and influences of diffraction. This is followed by the description of a measuring method for determining the “OTF” of endoscopes, illustrated by several curves of this particular function which has been applied to measure 4 different endospoce types. A table shows a number of measuring results obtained on 4 different endoscopes of those particular values as have been recommended for characterization.
Indium-111 Pentetreotide Scintigraphy of Mesenchymal Tumor With Oncogenic Osteomalacia
Authors: &NA; D. NGUYEN, ERIC A. WANG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

The authors describe a case of oncogenic osteomalacia from recurrent mesenchymal tumor of the lower extremity that was demonstrated by indium-111 pentetreotide scintigraphy and MR examination. The characteristics of this rare soft-tissue neoplasm and the role of imaging diagnosis and potential therapy with somatostatin analog compounds are briefly reviewed and discussed.
Mastic Gum Kills<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>
Authors: Farhad U. Huwez, Debbie Thirlwell, Alan Cockayne, Dlawer A.A. Ala'Aldeen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

To the Editor: Even low doses of mastic gum — 1 mg per day for two weeks — can cure peptic ulcers very rapidly, but the mechanism responsible has not been clear. We have found that mastic is active against Helicobacter pylori, which could explain its therapeutic effect in patients with peptic ulcers. Mastic is a resinous exudate obtained from the stem and the main leaves of Pistacia lentiscus. It is used as a food ingredient in the Mediterranean region. Clinically, mastic has been effective in the treatment of benign gastric ulcers1 and duodenal ulcers.2 In rats, mastic showed cytoprotective . . .
Scintigraphic Findings in Cerebrospinal Fluid Ascites Complicating a Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
Authors: W. EUGENE PHILLIPS, GEORGE J. BURKE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Patients with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt placed for therapeutic relief of increased intracranial pressure are known to have abdominal complications including cerebrospinal ascites. More common complications are mechanical malfunction due to tip occlusion by fibroid encasement or omental clogging. Other complications include infection, cerebrospinal pseudocysts and loculations, intestinal obstruction secondary to adhesions, perforation of viscera, and migration of shunt. The shuntogram in an 18-year-old woman with a myelomen-ingocele, Chiari II malformation showed a large nonloculated fluid collection in the peritoneum. Analysis of the ascitic fluid verified cerebrospinal fluid.
SP0121 TNFAIP3/A20 in arthritis and autoimmunity
Authors: R. Beyaert
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

A20 (also known as TNFAIP3) is a potent anti-inflammatory protein that inhibits NF-κB activation in response to multiple cytokine and pattern recognition receptors. In addition, A20 also negatively regulates TNF-induced cell death. Specific signaling proteins are targeted by the deubiquitinating activity of A20, but A20 can also use non-catalytic mechanisms to interfere with NF-κB signaling. Polymorphisms in the <i>A20</i> genomic locus have been associated with multiple inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease and psoriasis. To further analyze the contribution of A20 defects in autoimmunity we generated multiple tissue specific A20 knockout mice. Specific ablation of A20 in myeloid cells results in spontaneous development of a severe destructive polyarthritis with many features of rheumatoid arthritis. Despite higher circulating TNF levels, arthritis development in the myeloid specific A20 deficient mice was TNF-independent. Lessons learned from the phenotype of these mice and a number of other cell type specific A20 deficient mice that we generated will be presented. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Comparison of Early Invasive and Conservative Strategies in Patients with Unstable Coronary Syndromes Treated with the Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitor Tirofiban
Authors: Christopher P. Cannon, William S. Weintraub, Laura A. Demopoulos, Ralph Vicari, Martin J. Frey, Nasser Lakkis, Franz-Josef Neumann, Debbie H. Robertson, Paul T. DeLucca, Peter M. DiBattiste, C. Michael Gibson, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

There is continued debate as to whether a routine, early invasive strategy is superior to a conservative strategy for the management of unstable angina and myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation.
Disordered Eating Behavior and Microvascular Complications in Young Women with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Anne C. Rydall, Gary M. Rodin, Marion P. Olmsted, Robert G. Devenyi, Denis Daneman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and eating disorders are relatively common among young women in North America. Their coexistence could lead to poor metabolic control and an increased risk of the microvascular complications of IDDM.We studied 91 young women with IDDM at base line and four to five years later to determine the prevalence and persistence of disordered eating behavior (on the basis of self-reported eating and weight-loss practices, including the intentional omission or underdosing of insulin to control weight) and the association of such eating disorders with metabolic control, diabetic retinopathy, and urinary albumin excretion. At base line, the mean age of the young women was 15+/-2 years and the duration of diabetes was 7+/-4 years.At base line, 26 of 91 young women (29 percent) had highly or moderately disordered eating behavior, which persisted in 16 (18 percent) and improved in 10 (11 percent). Of the 65 women with normal eating behavior at base line (71 percent), 14 (15 percent) had disordered eating at follow-up. Omission or underdosing of insulin lose weight was reported by 12 of 88 young women (14 percent) at base line and 30 (34 percent) at follow-up (P=0.003). At base line, the mean (+/-SD) hemoglobin A(1c) value was higher in the group with highly disordered eating behavior (11.1+/-1.2 percent) than in the groups whose eating behavior was moderately disordered (8.9+/-1.7 percent) or nondisordered (8.7+/-1.6 percent, P<0.001). Disordered eating at base line was associated with retinopathy four years later (P=0.004), when 86 percent of the young women with highly disordered eating behavior, 43 percent of those with moderately disordered eating behavior, and 24 percent of those with nondisordered eating behavior had retinopathy.Disordered eating behavior is common and persistent in young women with IDDM and is associated with impaired metabolic control and a higher risk of diabetic retinopathy.
Bone-Marrow Microenvironment Defect in Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia
Authors: William B. Ershler, Jeffrey Ross, Jonathan L. Finlay, Nasrollah T. Shahidi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

An abnormal bone-marrow microenvironment has been thought to have an important role in the pathogenesis of aplastic and hypoplastic anemia in some patients, but direct evidence of such a defect has not been found. We have investigated the pathogenesis of chronic anemia in a young woman. Her bone-marrow cells, obtained by means of aspiration, showed exuberant erythroid growth in methylcellulose despite marked erythroid hypoplasia. The erythroid nature of the colony growth was further confirmed through measurement of heme synthesis and messenger RNA-globin accumulation in a liquid-culture system. In contrast, when whole bone fragments were similarly cultured, no appreciable hemoglobin synthesis was observed. The experimental evidence suggests that, in this patient, hypoplastic anemia resulted from an unfavorable microenvironment. (N Engl J Med. 1980; 302:1321–7.)
Abstract LB-336: A novel pathway for CXCR3-B-mediated growth inhibitory signals in renal cancer
Authors: Dipak Datta, Soumitro Pal
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Chemokines and their receptors are classically known to be involved in tumor cell migration playing a critical role in tumor metastasis. However, their role in regulating direct tumor growth is under appreciated. Although chemokine receptor CXCR3 and their ligands have tumor inhibitory properties, some recent reports suggest that they may also promote tumor growth. We recently reported that this controversy in the function of CXCR3, in terms of tumor inhibition vs. progression, is in part related to the observation that CXCR3 is alternatively spliced producing two variants called CXCR3-A (promoting cell proliferation) and CXCR3-B (mediating growth inhibition). Previously, we observed that the expression of CXCR3-B is markedly downregulated in human renal cancer and overexpression of CXCR3-B in renal tumor cells inhibited endogenous tumor cell proliferation. We hypothesize that CXCR3-B-mediated growth inhibitory signals are one of the crucial factors for the renal cancer cell proliferative response. To dissect the inhibitory signals mediated by CXCR3-B, we first overexpressed CXCR3-B in renal cancer cells (Caki-1 and 786-O) using an overexpression plasmid, and validated the overexpression of CXCR3-B at both mRNA and protein levels by realtime PCR and FACS analysis. As CXCR3-A is known to mediate its proliferative signals through Akt, we first evaluated the status of phospho-Akt in CXCR3-B overexpressed cells compared to control by western blot analysis. We did not find any significant change in the phospho-Akt level in our CXCR3-B overexpressed cells. However, we observed marked cell death (apoptosis) in these CXCR3-B overexpressed cells especially under stress, like serum deprivation. To further understand the anti-proliferative or pro-apoptotic signals through CXCR3-B, we checked the expression pattern of 24 different genes that are related to either cell death or survival by performing a protein array. We found the selective reduction of cytoprotective hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) or Heat Shock Protein-32 (HSP-32) gene expression in CXCR3-B overexpressed cells compared with control cells. We also validated the downregulation of HO-1 protein expression by western blot analysis. HO-2 and some important genes directly related to apoptosis (DR4 and DR5) remained unaltered in these CXCR3-B overexpressed cells. Together, HO-1 is known to promote cell survival under stress-induced responses; in this condition, CXCR3-B overexpression may inhibit renal cancer cell proliferation/survival through downregulation of HO-1 expression. Thus, our study defines a novel mechanism of CXCR3-B mediated cell death in human renal cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-336.
F-18 FDG PET/CT in the Diagnosis of a Rare Case of Neurosarcoidosis in a Patient With Diabetes Insipidus
Authors: Artor Niccoli Asabella, Pietro Gatti, Antonio Notaristefano, Francesca Iuele, Corinna Altini, Giuseppe Rubini
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

We report a case of a 26-year-old man who had sarcoidosis with involvement of central nervous system, manifested by symptoms attributable to diabetes insipidus. Laboratory tests, magnetic resonance and computed tomography images, were all partially useful and inconclusive. These investigations have been integrated with 18-Fluorine-labeled-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose positron-emission-tomography/computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT), which showed F-18 FDG uptake in the midbrain area and pituitary gland, corresponding to magnetic resonance findings, and in many bone sites, in particular iliac wings. This finding has been useful for biopsy. F-18 FDG PET/CT can demonstrate active skull-base sarcoidosis.
2 Treating Bowen's disease: a cost-minimization study
Authors: V.S. Ramrakha-Jones, R.M. Herd
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article 2 Treating Bowen's disease: a cost‐minimization study Get access V.S. Ramrakha‐Jones, V.S. Ramrakha‐Jones Department of Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.M. Herd R.M. Herd Department of Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 3, 1 March 2003, Pages 618–619, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.506416.x-i1 Published: 01 March 2003
Abstract P1-01-01: Learning Sentinel Node Biopsy in the UK: Results of the NEW START Training Program
Authors: R Mansel, A Goyal, F MacNeill, R Newcombe, G Layer, M Kissin, K Horgan, A Britten, A Hilson, D Clarke, J Townson, P Ell, G Wishart, D Brown, N West, M. Keshtgar
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Background: NEW START-a structured, validated multi-professional surgical training programme, was established to allow rapid transfer of appropriate knowledge and technical skills to ensure safe and competent practice of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) across the UK.Methods: Multi-professional teams attended a theory/skills-lab course delivering a standardized educational package, following which they performed SLNB in 30 consecutive patients, either concurrently with their standard axillary staging procedure — mentorship training model-or as stand-alone SLNB — apprenticeship training model. An accredited NEW START trainer mentored the first 5 procedures in the participants’ hospital, or all 30 if stand-alone. Validation standards were a localization rate of ≥90% and in the mentorship program where a minimum of 10 cases were node positive, a false-negative rate of ≥10%. SLNB was performed according to a standardised protocol using the combined technique of isotope (0.05-0.1ml of 99mTc-albumin colloid — Nanocoll®) and blue dye (Patent blue V) injected into the tumour quadrant peri-areolar tissue. Isotope was injected intra-dermally and static scintigraphic images were obtained, blue dye was injected sub-dermally after anaesthetic induction.Results: From October 2004 to December 2008, 210 SLNB naive surgeons, in 103 centres, performed 6,685 SLNB procedures of which 31% (2,098/6,685) were node positive. The mentorship training model was followed in 87% (5,849/6,685). Scintigraphy identified axillary lymph node drainage in 85% (5,564/6,511) with an overall SLN localization rate of 98.9% (6,610/6,685, 95% CI 98.6% to 99.1%). Node positivity was higher (P<0.001) for failed (58.7%, 44/75) than successful (31.1%, 2054/6610) localizations. The mentorship false negative rate (FNR) was 8.9% (163/1821, 95% CI 7.7% to 10.4%). The median SLN yield was 2.0 (range 1-11).SLN localization and FNR improved with surgeon caseload so that after 20 procedures the FNR fell below 10% but no statistically significant learning curve was identified. The FNR patients who had one SLN harvested was 14.8%. The FNR rate declined to 9.4%, 6.3%, 4.5% and 4.0% for those patients with 2, 3, 4 and more than 4 SLNs removed.Conclusion: NEW START demonstrates that a standardized injection protocol and structured multi-professional training can abolish learning curves so ensuring patient safety during national adoption of a new technique. Tumor quadrant injection using both isotope and dye has a high localization rate and low false-negative rate. Failed localization indicates higher probability of axillary nodal involvement. It is not necessary to remove more than 4 SLNs to achieve a FNR of less than 5%.Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-01.