tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Junior doctors’ contract agreement is reached
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2016)

An agreement has been reached on a new contract for junior doctors in England, after 10 days of talks between the BMA and the government.

An announcement by the arbitration body Acas (the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service), which facilitated talks between the two parties, said that an agreement had been reached subject to securing the support of BMA junior doctor members in a referendum.

Acas said that the full contract agreed between the two …
Final Overall Survival Analysis of the Phase III Randomized Trial of Chemotherapy with and Without Bevacizumab for Advanced Cervical Cancer: a Nrg Oncology - Gynecologic Oncology Group Study
Authors: K.S. Tewari, M.W. Sill, R.T. Penson, H. Huang, L.M. Ramondetta, L.M. Landrum, A. Oaknin, T.J. Reid, M.M. Leitao, B.J. Monk, H.E. Michael
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
The validity and significance of the clinical diagnosis of hysteria (Briquet's syndrome)
Authors: S B Guze
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

The author states that a valid diagnostic classification based on the medical model is a sine qua non for progress in psychiatric research and treatment and that such classification requires follow-up and family studies. To illustrate this point he reports on studies showing that hysteria, or Briquet's syndrome, is a valid clinical entity that follows a predictable course and clusters in certain families. He also reports that an association between hysteria and sociopathy has been demonstrated, suggesting that the two conditions may arise from sililar etiologic and pathogenetic factors.
Abstract B14: Tanshinones suppress AURKA through up-regulation of miR-32 expression in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: zhongliang ma, bingjie zhang, yanli li
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Tanshinones which includes tanshinone I (T1), tanshinone IIA (T2A), and cryptotanshinone (CT), are the liposoluble constituent of Salia miltiorrhiza, AURKA, an oncogene, encodes a serine-threonine kinase which regulates mitotic processes in mammalian cells. Here, we reported that tanshinones mediate AURKA suppression partly through up-regulating the expression of miR-32, one of miR-25 family. We found that tanshinones could inhibit cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, and impede cell-cycle progression, thus performing an antineoplastic function in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Additionally, we demonstrated that tanshinones attained these effects in part by down-regulating AURKA, corroborating previous reports. Our results showed that in NSCLC, similar effects were obtained with knock-down of the AURKA gene by siRNA. We also verified that AURKA was the direct target of miR-32. we also found that miR-32 can promote the expression of Let-7 family, however, let-7 family down-regulates the level of miR-32. Collectively, our results demonstrated that tanshinones could inhibit NSCLC by suppressing AURKA via up-regulating the expressions of miR-25 family, let-7 family and other related miRNAs. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: zhongliang ma, bingjie zhang, yanli li. Tanshinones suppress AURKA through up-regulation of miR-32 expression in non-small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer: Mechanisms to Medicines ; 2015 Dec 4-7; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B14.
June Pope Arnold
Authors: D A Sutherland
Journal: BMJ (2016)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Simple visual features, such as orientation, are thought to be represented in the spiking of visual neurons using population codes. I show that optimal decoding of such activity predicts characteristic deviations from the normal distribution of errors at low gains. Examining human perception of orientation stimuli, I show that these predicted deviations are present at near-threshold levels of contrast. The findings may provide a neural-level explanation for the appearance of a threshold in perceptual awareness, whereby stimuli are categorized as seen or unseen. As well as varying in error magnitude, perceptual judgments differ in certainty about what was observed. I demonstrate that variations in the total spiking activity of a neural population can account for the empirical relationship between subjective confidence and precision. These results establish population coding and decoding as the neural basis of perception and perceptual confidence.
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms
Authors: Kimberly G Blumenthal, Adela Rambi G Cardones, Daniela Kroshinsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2025)

Cutaneous drug eruptions are delayed type hypersensitivity reactions that can be potentially life threatening. Severe cutaneous adverse reactions encompass the acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), the drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), the Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and the toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN, synonym: Lyell syndrome). In this article, we focus on the DRESS syndrome, which associates skin eruption and systemic symptoms. Its mortality rate is estimated at 10%. Therefore early diagnosis and the interruption of the culprit drug are crucial. In this review, we discuss the physiopathology, the most common eliciting drugs, the diagnostic criteria and the proposed treatments of DRESS.
Assessment tools for foundation programmes—a practical guide
Authors: Helena Davies, Julian Archer, Shelley Heard, Lesley Southgate
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Do you know your mini-PAT and mini-CEX from your CbD, not to mention your DOPS? <i>Helena Davies</i>, <i>Julian Archer</i>, <i>Shelley Heard</i>, and <i>Lesley Southgate</i> explain how doctors will be assessed
Therapeutic Benefit of Selective Inhibition of p110α PI3-Kinase in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Adriana Soler, Ana M. Figueiredo, Pau Castel, Laura Martin, Erika Monelli, Ana Angulo-Urarte, Maria Milà-Guasch, Francesc Viñals, Jose Baselga, Oriol Casanovas, Mariona Graupera
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Mutations in the PI3K pathway occur in 16% of patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs), which suggests that these tumors are an exciting setting for PI3K/AKT/mTOR pharmacologic intervention. Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, is being used to treat patients with advanced PanNETs. However, resistance to mTOR-targeted therapy is emerging partially due to the loss of mTOR-dependent feedback inhibition of AKT. In contrast, the response to PI3K inhibitors in PanNETs is unknown.In the current study, we assessed the frequency of PI3K pathway activation in human PanNETs and in RIP1-Tag2 mice, a preclinical tumor model of PanNETs, and we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of inhibiting PI3K in RIP1-Tag2 mice using a combination of pan (GDC-0941) and p110α-selective (GDC-0326) inhibitors and isoform-specific PI3K kinase-dead-mutant mice.Human and mouse PanNETs showed enhanced pAKT, pPRAS40, and pS6 positivity compared with normal tissue. Although treatment of RIP1-Tag2 mice with GDC-0941 led to reduced tumor growth with no impact on tumor vessels, the selective inactivation of the p110α PI3K isoform, either genetically or pharmacologically, reduced tumor growth as well as vascular area. Furthermore, GDC-0326 reduced the incidence of liver and lymph node metastasis compared with vehicle-treated mice. We also demonstrated that tumor and stromal cells are implicated in the antitumor activity of GDC-0326 in RIP1-Tag2 tumors.Our data provide a rationale for p110α-selective intervention in PanNETs and unravel a new function of this kinase in cancer biology through its role in promoting metastasis. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5805-17. ©2016 AACR.
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Winter&lt;/emph&gt;
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cheese-related listeriosis outbreak, Portugal, March 2009 to February 2012
Authors: R Magalhães, G Almeida, V Ferreira, I Santos, J Silva, M M Mendes, J Pita, G Mariano, I Mâncio, M M Sousa, J Farber, F Pagotto, P Teixeira
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

In Portugal, listeriosis has been notifiable since April 2014, but there is no active surveillance programme for the disease. A retrospective study involving 25 national hospitals led to the detection of an outbreak that occurred between March 2009 and February 2012. The amount of time between the start of the outbreak and its detection was 16 months. Of the 30 cases of listeriosis reported, 27 were in the Lisbon and Vale do Tejo region. Two cases were maternal/neonatal infections and one resulted in fetal loss. The mean age of the non-maternal/neonatal cases was 59 years (standard deviation: 17); 13 cases were more than 65 years-old. The case fatality rate was 36.7%. All cases were caused by molecular serogroup IVb isolates indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and ribotype profiles. Collaborative investigations with the national health and food safety authorities identified cheese as the probable source of infection, traced to a processing plant. The magnitude of this outbreak, the first reported food-borne listeriosis outbreak in Portugal, highlights the importance of having an effective listeriosis surveillance system in place for early detection and resolution of outbreaks, as well as the need for a process for the prompt submission of Listeria monocytogenes isolates for routine laboratory typing.
Epilepsy in elderly people
Authors: Martin J Brodie, Patrick Kwan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Old age is the most common time in life to develop epilepsy.1 Making a secure diagnosis can be difficult, and piecing together an accurate picture of events may take some time. The clinical manifestations of seizures, the causes of epilepsy, and the psychosocial impact of the diagnosis can be different in older people than in younger ones. In addition, elderly people with epilepsy have two to three times higher mortality than the general population.w1 Age related physiological changes can affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antiepileptic drugs. The situation is compounded by a paucity of good clinical studies. In this review we discuss the challenges and highlight recent developments in the diagnosis and management of epilepsy in elderly people.

We searched Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Collaboration with the key words “epilepsy”, “seizures”, “elderly”, “aged”, and “anticonvulsants”. We selected articles of interest from 1995 onwards and then hand searched these for earlier publications, focusing on those that specifically included elderly patients and covered clinically relevant topics.

More than 11 million elderly people live in the United Kingdom, at least 1% of whom will have epilepsy. Compared with younger populations, elderly people are more prone to develop seizures, whether provoked by acute illnesses (“provoked” or “acute symptomatic” seizures) or without an obvious immediate cause (“unprovoked” seizures). Thirty per cent of acute seizures in elderly people will present as status epilepticus,w2 which carries a mortality approaching 40%.w3 The annual incidence of epilepsy (recurrent unprovoked seizures) rises from 90 per 100 000 in people between the ages of 65 and 69 to more than 150 per 100 000 for those over 80 (fig 1).2w4 With continuing ageing of the population, the number of older people with epilepsy is set to rise further, placing an increasing burden …
Increasing West Nile virus antibody titres in central European plasma donors from 2006 to 2010
Authors: P O Rabel, C B Planitzer, M R Farcet, K K Orlinger, R Ilk, P N Barrett, T R Kreil
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

We analysed by neutralisation assay 55 intravenous immunoglobulin preparations produced from human plasma collected in three central European countries, specifically Austria, Germany and the Czech Republic, from 2006 to 2010. The preparations from 2009 and 2010 contained increasing titres of neutralising antibodies against West Nile virus (WNV) in the absence of reported human WNV cases in these countries.
Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis
Authors: M E Rupp
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Figure 1. A 45-year-old woman with poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus had facial and periorbital swelling for three to four days. On the day of admission she was unable to open her right eye (Panel A). On admission she had a white-cell count of 22,000 per cubic millimeter, with 84 percent neutrophils and bands and a moderate degree of metabolic acidosis (blood pH, 7.22; plasma bicarbonate concentration, 8 mmol per liter). A computed tomographic scan of the head (Panel B) showed involvement of the paranasal sinuses (arrow) and periorbital soft tissues. Material from the periorbital tissue (Panel C), stained with . . .
Phase 1 Study of Intravenous Oncolytic Poxvirus (vvDD) in Patients With Advanced Solid Cancers
Authors: Stephanie Downs-Canner, Zong Sheng Guo, Roshni Ravindranathan, Caroline J Breitbach, Mark E O'Malley, Heather L Jones, Anne Moon, Judith Andrea McCart, Yongli Shuai, Herbert J Zeh, David L Bartlett
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2016)

We have conducted a phase 1 study of intravenous vvDD, a Western Reserve strain oncolytic vaccinia virus, on 11 patients with standard treatment-refractory advanced colorectal or other solid cancers. The primary endpoints were maximum tolerated dose and associated toxicity while secondary endpoints were pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, immune responses, and antitumor activity. No dose-limiting toxicities and treatment related severe adverse events were observed. The most common adverse events were grades 1/2 flu-like symptoms. Virus genomes were detectable in the blood 15–30 minutes after virus administration in a dose-dependent manner. There was evidence of a prolonged virus replication in tumor tissues in two patients, but no evidence of virus replication in non-tumor tissues, except a healed injury site and an oral thrush. Over 100-fold of anti-viral antibodies were induced in patients' sera. A strong induction of inflammatory and Th1, but not Th2 cytokines, suggested a potent Th1-mediated immunity against the virus and possibly the cancer. One patient showed a mixed response on PET-CT with resolution of some liver metastases, and another patient with cutaneous melanoma demonstrated clinical regression of some lesions. Given the confirmed safety, further trials evaluating intravenous vvDD in combination with therapeutic transgenes, immune checkpoint blockade or complement inhibitors, are warranted. We have conducted a phase 1 study of intravenous vvDD, a Western Reserve strain oncolytic vaccinia virus, on 11 patients with standard treatment-refractory advanced colorectal or other solid cancers. The primary endpoints were maximum tolerated dose and associated toxicity while secondary endpoints were pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, immune responses, and antitumor activity. No dose-limiting toxicities and treatment related severe adverse events were observed. The most common adverse events were grades 1/2 flu-like symptoms. Virus genomes were detectable in the blood 15–30 minutes after virus administration in a dose-dependent manner. There was evidence of a prolonged virus replication in tumor tissues in two patients, but no evidence of virus replication in non-tumor tissues, except a healed injury site and an oral thrush. Over 100-fold of anti-viral antibodies were induced in patients' sera. A strong induction of inflammatory and Th1, but not Th2 cytokines, suggested a potent Th1-mediated immunity against the virus and possibly the cancer. One patient showed a mixed response on PET-CT with resolution of some liver metastases, and another patient with cutaneous melanoma demonstrated clinical regression of some lesions. Given the confirmed safety, further trials evaluating intravenous vvDD in combination with therapeutic transgenes, immune checkpoint blockade or complement inhibitors, are warranted.
Association of Physical Activity by Type and Intensity With Digestive System Cancer Risk
Authors: NaNa Keum, Ying Bao, Stephanie A. Smith-Warner, John Orav, Kana Wu, Charles S. Fuchs, Edward L. Giovannucci
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

Accumulating evidence indicates that common carcinogenic pathways may underlie digestive system cancers. Physical activity may influence these pathways. Yet, to our knowledge, no previous study has evaluated the role of physical activity in overall digestive system cancer risk.To examine the association between physical activity and digestive system cancer risk, accounting for amount, type (aerobic vs resistance), and intensity of physical activity.A prospective cohort study followed 43 479 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study from 1986 to 2012. At enrollment, the eligible participants were 40 years or older, were free of cancer, and reported physical activity. Follow-up rates exceeded 90% in each 2-year cycle.The amount of total physical activity expressed in metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-hours/week.Incident cancer of the digestive system encompassing the digestive tract (mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colorectum) and digestive accessory organs (pancreas, gallbladder, and liver).Over 686 924 person-years, we documented 1370 incident digestive system cancers. Higher levels of physical activity were associated with lower digestive system cancer risk (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74 for ≥63.0 vs ≤8.9 MET-hours/week; 95% CI, 0.59-0.93; P value for trend = .003). The inverse association was more evident with digestive tract cancers (HR, 0.66 for ≥63.0 vs ≤8.9 MET-hours/week; 95% CI, 0.51-0.87) than with digestive accessary organ cancers. Aerobic exercise was particularly beneficial against digestive system cancers, with the optimal benefit observed at approximately 30 MET-hours/week (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.56-0.83; P value for nonlinearity = .02). Moreover, as long as the same level of MET-hour score was achieved from aerobic exercise, the magnitude of risk reduction was similar regardless of intensity of aerobic exercise.Physical activity, as indicated by MET-hours/week, was inversely associated with the risk of digestive system cancers, particularly digestive tract cancers, in men. The optimal benefit was observed through aerobic exercise of any intensity at the equivalent of energy expenditure of approximately 10 hours/week of walking at average pace. Future studies are warranted to confirm our findings and to translate them into clinical and public health recommendation.
Prediction of 3-year outcome of treated alcoholics by an empirically derived multivariate typology
Authors: A Yoshino, M Kato
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

This study examined whether an empirically derived multivariate typology can predict outcome in treated alcoholics.Two hundred fifty-nine hospitalized male alcoholics were divided into two subtypes by means of cluster analysis of clinical factors. Type A showed the features of sporadic late-onset alcoholism, whereas type B manifested the characteristics of familial early-onset alcoholism. The prospective 3-year outcomes in the two subtypes were compared.The follow-up rate was 83%. The mortality and abstinence rates for type A patients (N = 98) were 15.3% and 32.7%, respectively, and for type B patients (N = 116), 23.3% and 18.1%, respectively. The age-corrected relative mortality risk and relative abstinence rate for type A patients compared with type B patients were 0.59 and 1.60, respectively.Familial early-onset alcoholism has a poor outcome in Japan, and this multivariate typology has high predictive validity.
Cancer Treatment with Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Agents: Is PD-L1 Expression a Biomarker for Patient Selection?
Authors: Lucia Festino, Gerardo Botti, Paul Lorigan, Giuseppe V. Masucci, Jason D. Hipp, Christine E. Horak, Ignacio Melero, Paolo A. Ascierto
Journal: Drugs (2016)
Intracameral Antibiotic Ointment Following Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Elsie Chan, Richard Smallwood, Ester Fernández López
Journal: Ophthalmology (2016)

A 47-year-old man underwent penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus. The following day, a leak at the graft-host junction was noted and additional corneal sutures were placed. Topical chloramphenicol ointment was applied at the conclusion of both procedures. A mobile globule of ointment was observed in the anterior chamber (Fig 1A) 13 days later. Ultrasound biomicroscopy demonstrated a hyperreflective sphere (Fig 1B). The appearance of the ointment remained unchanged, with no increase in intraocular pressure, intraocular inflammation, or corneal edema until it was removed (using a 23-g cannula) 5 weeks later. Intracameral ointment has rarely been reported following keratoplasty procedures.
The Response of Mammalian Cells in Culture to Virus Infection&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Jerome T. Syverton
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1957)

Journal Article The Response of Mammalian Cells in Culture to Virus Infection Get access Jerome T. Syverton Jerome T. Syverton Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 19, Issue 4, October 1957, Pages 687–709, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/19.4.687 Published: 01 October 1957 Article history Received: 28 May 1957 Published: 01 October 1957
Undergraduate medical education
Authors: R Fraser
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal