tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The role of transplantation in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Authors: B A Peterson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1994.12.12.2524 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 7989925 The role of transplantation in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. B A PetersonxB A PetersonSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1994.12.12.2524 First Page PDF © 1994 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Why psychiatry is a low-paid medical specialty
Authors: S S Sharfstein, H W Clark
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

The authors examine the effect of economic forces on the income of psychiatrists and compare the economic position of psychiatry with that of the rest of medicine. Since 1970 the income of psychiatrists has been losing ground compared with that of other medical specialists, although recent data suggest a possible improvement in the economic position of psychiatry. The authors believe that psychiatrists' incomes are important as a sign of the value of psychiatric care and as one measure of the economics of practice, that is, the incentives related to the distribution of scarce technology and labor in the service delivery system.
Circulating follistatin displays a day–night rhythm and is associated with muscle mass and circulating leptin levels in healthy, young humans
Authors: Athanasios D. Anastasilakis, Stergios A. Polyzos, Elpida C. Skouvaklidou, Georgios Kynigopoulos, Zacharias G. Saridakis, Aggeliki Apostolou, Georgios A. Triantafyllou, Thomai Karagiozoglou-Lampoudi, Christos S. Mantzoros
Journal: Metabolism (2016)
Occupational Cancer in Italy
Authors: Enzo Merler, Paolo Vineis, Diego Alhaique, Lucia Miligi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

The paper is a discussion of occupational cancer in Italy. The introductory section provides the necessary context of Italian industrialization and occupational health regulation. This is followed by a review of Italian epidemiological studies of occupational cancer risks, considered in terms of relative measures of risk and Attributable Risk to carcinogenic agents or exposure circumstances. A section attempts to establish the number of workers who have been exposed to carcinogens in Italy and the intensity of their exposures. Several cohort and case-control studies have addressed the issue of occupational risks, mostly among male workers. The results of these studies suggest that the growing incidence of and mortality by mesothelioma is explained by the widespread and intense exposure to asbestos in some Italian industrial settings. A high Attributable Risk of lung tumors among male populations in industrial areas of northern Italy is explained by occupational exposures. However, insufficient data are available for the clear definition of the extent and intensity of occupational exposure to carcinogenic substances. In Italy, we need to prioritize and maximize resources in occupational cancer epidemiology and to revitalize the role of national institutions. Recent legislation has established new regulations on the handling of carcinogenic substances in industrial settings, a new list of occupational diseases, and a national registry of mesothelioma linked to asbestos exposure. These legislative changes are expected to have positive effects.
Radiotherapy and Inoperable Lung Carcinoma
Authors: R GUTTMANN
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Identification of a gene expression breast cancer nodal metastasis profile
Authors: R. E. Ellsworth, C. Heckman, J. Seebach, L. A. Field, B. Love, J. A. Hooke, C. D. Shriver
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

1022 Background: The most important predictor of prognosis in breast cancer is pathologic status of the lymph nodes. Despite current knowledge about the various subtypes of breast carcinomas, little is known about genes responsible for invasion into the lymphatic system or the ability of the tumor cell to survive and multiply in the lymph node. Here, gene expression analysis was performed on primary breast and matched metastatic lymph node tumors to identify molecular profiles associated with nodal metastasis. Methods: OCT embedded primary breast and lymph node tumors were selected from 20 patients with positive lymph nodes. Pure tumor populations were isolated using laser microdissection. RNA was isolated and amplified using the MessageAmp II aRNA Amplification Kit (Ambion). The biotin-labeled aRNA product was hybridized to a GeneChip Human Genome U133A 2.0 array (Affymetrix). Differential expression was determined using Mann-Whitney testing; Bonferroni corrected p values of 0.05 and 0.001 were calculated. Results were validated using TaqMan assays (Applied Biosystems). Results: 51 genes were differentially expressed between the primary tumor and its metastatic lymph node tumors; of these, 20 had both a P-value <0.001 and >4-fold differences in expression levels. Thirteen genes including COL4A4, CD79B, and C7 had significantly higher expression in the tumor cells in the nodes compared to the primary originating breast tumors. Thirty-eight genes including SGNE1, SPON2 and KERA had lower expression in the tumor cells in the nodes compared to the primary originating breast tumors. Conclusions: Identification of a set of genes differentially expressed between primary breast and metastatic lymph node tumors suggests that expression of a unique set of genes is required for metastatic breast tumor cells to successfully colonize nodal tissues. Genes identified are involved in cellular proliferation and adhesion, extracellular matrix stability, immune response, and apoptosis; these genetic changes may confer upon tumor cells the ability to disseminate, invade the lymph nodes and then enter an active growth phase. The differential expression of genes in the breast cancer cells that have metastasized to lymph nodes may have implications for the treatment of node- positive breast cancer patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Selective suppression by the medical establishment of unwelcome research findings: the cholera treatment evaluation by the General Board of Health, London 1854
Authors: Michael Emmans Dean
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2016)

Cholera haunted the 19th century. The origins of the painful and frightening new disease that could result in death within hours were unknown, and treatments were useless. History tells us that the bacterial cause was not understood until 1883, and the gold standard treatment of oral rehydration therapy was first used in 1960.1

Of the six 19th-century cholera pandemics, the third, in 1849–1860, resulted in the most fatalities. In Great Britain, there were 23,000 deaths, 10,000 in London alone. The government responded with an epidemiological survey and a comparative evaluation of rival treatments,2 the subject of this article.

Under Sir Edwin Chadwick (1801–1890), the General Board of Health had been a non-governmental organisation. Chadwick’s crusade for administrative reform as the necessary springboard to bring about improved public health, allied with a zealous lack of tact, had been enormously unpopular with the laissez-faire elements in mid-19th-century British society and led to his removal in August 1854.3 The Board was reconstituted with greatly reduced powers as a government ministry on 12 August, on the lines of the Poor Law Board. In charge was Sir Benjamin Hall MP (1802–1867) – a bureaucrat of the class that had provoked Chadwick’s scorn and previously known mainly for his support of mild ecclesiastical reform. Incongruously given his background, Hall’s first act on 12 August was to initiate a coordinated scientific and medical response to the 1853–1854 cholera epidemic, then at its worst in London. By September, Hall had gone on to commission a major epidemiological survey of the epidemic. He was also anxious to know which treatments were most effective. His letter circulated at the beginning of September to all practitioners appearing in the Medical Register for 1854 states that he had established a Medical Council4 ‘representing all branches of the medical profession’ because of

the great want that is now felt of some systematic record of cases of choleraic disease, their treatment, and results, with a view to determine, in so far as may be possible, the best mode of meeting this formidable epidemic. (p. 67)

The Council consisted of 12 members nominated by Hall, the Royal Colleges and the Society of Apothecaries, under the chairmanship of John Ayrton Paris, President of the Royal College of Physicians. Three (sub)committees would facilitate the survey: Scientific Inquiries: to look into the nature, extent and probable causes of cholera; Treatment: to assess the relative advantages of rival methods; and Foreign Correspondence: to glean relevant information from scientists abroad.
Effectiveness and safety of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for the treatment of HCV genotype 2 infection: results of the real-world, clinical practice HCV-TARGET study
Authors: Tania M Welzel, David R Nelson, Giuseppe Morelli, Adrian Di Bisceglie, Rajender K Reddy, Alexander Kuo, Joseph K Lim, Jama Darling, Paul Pockros, Joseph S Galati, Lynn M Frazier, Saleh Alqahtani, Mark S Sulkowski, Monika Vainorius, Lucy Akushevich, Michael W Fried, Stefan Zeuzem
Journal: Gut (2016)

<h3>Objective</h3> Due to a high efficacy in clinical trials, sofosbuvir (SOF) and ribavirin (RBV) for 12 or 16 weeks is recommended for treatment of patients with HCV genotype (GT) 2 infection. We investigated safety and effectiveness of these regimens for GT2 in HCV-TARGET participants. <h3>Design</h3> HCV-TARGET, an international, prospective observational study evaluates clinical practice data on novel antiviral therapies at 44 academic and 17 community medical centres in North America and Europe. Clinical data were centrally abstracted from medical records. Selection of treatment regimen and duration was the investigator9s choice. The primary efficacy outcome was sustained virological response 12 weeks after therapy (SVR12). <h3>Results</h3> Between December 2013 and April 2015, 321 patients completed 12 weeks (n=283) or 16 weeks (n=38) of treatment with SOF and RBV. Prior treatment experience and cirrhosis was more frequent among patients in the 16-week regimen compared with 12 weeks (52.6% vs 27.6% and 63.2% vs 21.9%, respectively). Overall, SVR12 was 88.2%. The SVR12 in patients without cirrhosis was 91.0% and 92.9% for 12 or 16 weeks of therapy, respectively. In patients with cirrhosis treated for 12 or 16 weeks, SVR12 was 79.0% and 83%. In the multivariate analysis, liver cirrhosis, lower serum albumin and RBV dose at baseline were significantly associated with SVR12. Common adverse events (AEs) included fatigue, anaemia, nausea, headache, insomnia, rash and flu-like symptoms. Discontinuation due to AEs occurred in 2.8%. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this clinical practice setting, SOF and RBV was safe and effective for treatment of patients with HCV GT2 infection. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT01474811.
Lenalidomide Induced Degradation of Aiolos Disrupts RNA Polimerase I Activity and Ribosomal Biogenesis in Myeloma Cells
Authors: Ines Tagoug, Jiri Slaby, Paola E. Neri, Justin Simms, Jackie Babich, Ranjan Maity, Li Ren, Howie Wu, Nizar J Bahlis
Journal: Blood (2014)
P-241 Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for the development of and mortality from hepatocellular carcinoma; an updated systematic review of 81 epidemiological studies
Authors: O. Abdel-Rahman, D. Helbling, O. Schöb, M. Eltobgy, H. Mohamed, J. Schmidt, A. Giryes, A. Mehrabi, S. Iype, H. John, A. Tekbas, A. Zidan, H. Oweira
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Downregulation of MicroRNA-644a Promotes Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Aggressiveness and Stem Cell–like Phenotype via Dysregulation of PITX2
Authors: Jia-Xing Zhang, Zhen-Hua Chen, Yi Xu, Jie-Wei Chen, Hui-Wen Weng, Miao Yun, Zou-San Zheng, Cui Chen, Bing-Li Wu, En-Min Li, Jian-Hua Fu, Sheng Ye, Dan Xie
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

We previously reported the oncogenic role of paired-like homeodomain 2 (PITX2) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we aimed to identify the miRNA regulators of PITX2 and the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of ESCC.Using miRNA profiling and bioinformatics analyses, we identified miR-644a as a negative mediator of PITX2 in ESCC. A series of in vivo and in vitro assays were performed to confirm the effect of miR-644a on PITX2-mediated ESCC malignancy.ESCC cells and tissues expressed less miR-644a than normal epithelial controls. In patient samples, lower expression of miR-644a in ESCC tissues was significantly correlated with tumor recurrence and/or metastasis, such that miR-644a, PITX2, and the combination of the two were independent prognostic indicators for ESCC patient's survival (P < 0.05). Gain- and loss-of-function studies demonstrated that miR-644a inhibited ESCC cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro and suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in vivo In addition, miR-644a dramatically suppressed self-renewal and stem cell-like traits in ESCC cells. Furthermore, the effect of upregulation of miR-644a was similar to that of PITX2 knockdown in ESCC cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that miR-644a attenuates ESCC cells' malignancy and stem cell-associated phenotype, at least partially, by inactivation of the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway through PITX2. Furthermore, promoter hypermethylation caused downregulation of miR-644a in ESCC.Downregulation of miR-644a plays an important role in promoting both aggressiveness and stem-like traits of ESCC cells, suggesting that miR-644a may be useful as a novel prognostic biomarker or therapeutic target for the disease. Clin Cancer Res; 23(1); 298-310. ©2016 AACR.
Outcome measures in advanced prostate cancer trials: A systematic review of contemporary trial registrations.
Authors: Michael John Fabricius, Robert Pickard, Elaine McColl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e16123 Background: Selection of outcome measures is central to effective trial design. Guidelines from regulatory bodies indicate that investigators should demonstrate improvement in survival or quality of life (QoL) for a drug to be licensed for advanced prostate cancer (PC). Reviewing trial registries rather than published literature gives a view of current practice without the lag time associated with trial publication. Methods: We searched the clinicaltrials.gov and ISRCTN registries for “Prostate cancer”, limiting trial registration dates to the five-year period 2010-2014. We screened the results against the following criteria: randomized control trials, phase 3, > 50 participants, castrate-resistant or metastatic PC, systemic therapy. Results: 163 studies were identified from the initial search. 129 trials were excluded based on the pre-defined criteria. 34 trials were included in the review. 30 trials recruited patients with castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), of which 27 required patients to have metastatic CRPC (mCRPC). Of those, 19 required participants to be chemotherapy-naïve. Four trials recruited patients with hormone-naïve metastatic PC. We identified 10 different primary outcomes and 42 secondary outcomes across the 34 trials. The most common primary outcome was overall survival (OS) (16 trials). Progression-free survival (PFS) was the next most common (11). Three trials used time to prostate specific antigen (PSA) progression as a primary outcome. No trial used a QoL or pain outcome as a primary or co-primary endpoint. The median number of secondary outcomes per trial was 4 (range 0-12). The most-used secondary outcome measures were: PFS (18), OS (14), PSA response rate (12), adverse events (12), time to pain progression (11), time to cytotoxic chemotherapy (9). Pain and/or QoL response was a secondary outcome in 4 trials, a further 7 trials listed QoL as an outcome without specifying the method of analysis. Only 3 of these trials specified a QoL or pain instrument. Conclusions: Outcome measures for PC trials vary widely, and are not always compliant with published guidance. QoL is reported comparatively rarely despite the palliative nature of treatment.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Metformin Irrespective of Diabetes Status
Authors: Amy R. Cameron, Vicky L. Morrison, Daniel Levin, Mohapradeep Mohan, Calum Forteath, Craig Beall, Alison D. McNeilly, David J.K. Balfour, Terhi Savinko, Aaron K.F. Wong, Benoit Viollet, Kei Sakamoto, Susanna C. Fagerholm, Marc Foretz, Chim C. Lang, Graham Rena
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

The diabetes mellitus drug metformin is under investigation in cardiovascular disease, but the molecular mechanisms underlying possible benefits are poorly understood.Here, we have studied anti-inflammatory effects of the drug and their relationship to antihyperglycemic properties.In primary hepatocytes from healthy animals, metformin and the IKKβ (inhibitor of kappa B kinase) inhibitor BI605906 both inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α-dependent IκB degradation and expression of proinflammatory mediators interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and CXCL1/2 (C-X-C motif ligand 1/2). Metformin suppressed IKKα/β activation, an effect that could be separated from some metabolic actions, in that BI605906 did not mimic effects of metformin on lipogenic gene expression, glucose production, and AMP-activated protein kinase activation. Equally AMP-activated protein kinase was not required either for mitochondrial suppression of IκB degradation. Consistent with discrete anti-inflammatory actions, in macrophages, metformin specifically blunted secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, without inhibiting M1/M2 differentiation or activation. In a large treatment naive diabetes mellitus population cohort, we observed differences in the systemic inflammation marker, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, after incident treatment with either metformin or sulfonylurea monotherapy. Compared with sulfonylurea exposure, metformin reduced the mean log-transformed neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio after 8 to 16 months by 0.09 U (95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.17; P=0.013) and increased the likelihood that neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio would be lower than baseline after 8 to 16 months (odds ratio, 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-2.75; P=0.00364). Following up these findings in a double-blind placebo controlled trial in nondiabetic heart failure (trial registration: NCT00473876), metformin suppressed plasma cytokines including the aging-associated cytokine CCL11 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 11).We conclude that anti-inflammatory properties of metformin are exerted irrespective of diabetes mellitus status. This may accelerate investigation of drug utility in nondiabetic cardiovascular disease groups.Name of the trial registry: TAYSIDE trial (Metformin in Insulin Resistant Left Ventricular [LV] Dysfunction). URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00473876.
Authors’ reply to Fountain and colleagues
Authors: Tom Bourne, Jessica Preisler, Ben Van Calster, Dirk Timmerman
Journal: BMJ (2015)

We appreciate Fountain and colleagues’ comments.1 2 We did consider how the dates of the last menstrual period might affect a possible diagnosis of miscarriage, and we draw readers’ attention to the sub-section of the results that deals with this—the revised criteria for diagnosing miscarriage contained in table 5 and fig 2.

We did not consider menstrual cycle length as a variable. We thought that making assumptions about the timing of ovulation in these circumstances, coupled with the known variations in the ovulation-implantation interval,3 would make this difficult to integrate into reliable guidelines that would be …
Effective Development of Hematopoietic Niche Cells From hESCs: hESC-Derived Stromal Cells Support LTC-ICs Better Than Bone Marrow-Derived Stromal Cells
Authors: Patrick I Ferrell, Melinda K Hexum, Ross A Kopher, Michael A Lepley, Amanda M Gussiaas, Dan S. Kaufman
Journal: Blood (2011)
Vibrio alginolyticus-associated wound infection acquired in British waters, Guernsey, July 2011
Authors: G D Reilly, C A Reilly, E G Smith, C Baker-Austin
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

In July 2011, a Vibrio alginolyticus infection was diagnosed in a woman from Guernsey in the Channel Islands, British Isles after sea bathing and application of a natural seaweed dressing to a pre-existing leg wound. Microbiological investigation confirmed Vibrio in the wound and the species of seaweed used for the dressing. The washing of open wounds in seawater and use of unsterilised seaweed dressings should be discouraged, particularly in individuals with underlying risk conditions.
Use of boron cluster-containing redox nanoparticles with ROS scavenging ability in boron neutron capture therapy to achieve high therapeutic efficiency and low adverse effects
Authors: Zhenyu Gao, Yukichi Horiguchi, Kei Nakai, Akira Matsumura, Minoru Suzuki, Koji Ono, Yukio Nagasaki
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)
Trends in Palliative Care Use in Veterans With Severe Heart Failure Using a Large National Cohort
Authors: Anant Mandawat, Paul A. Heidenreich, Aditya Mandawat, Deepak L. Bhatt
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2016)

Methods | Using the 20% random sample of fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older in the carrier and enrollment data from 2008 through 2012, we assessed 99m Tc radiotracer use in the approximately 2 million cardiac stress tests with SPECT-MPI performed during these years, using codes A9500 and A9502 to identify 99m Tc-labeled radiotracers.We calculated population-based rates of SPECT-MPI as well as rates for alternative testing modalities (stress echocardiography, computed tomography coronary angiography, and positron emission tomography-MPI) and downstream cardiac catheterization less than 90 days after index testing.We identified a priori the 6-month shortage during March through August 2010 due to shutdowns at the Petten High Flux and Chalk River Laboratories reactors, the 2 major producers of 99 Mo for the United States.We used descriptive statistics to document temporal trends.Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of cardiac catheterization less than 90 days after SPECT-MPI depending on radiotracer use after adjusting for age, sex, and race.