tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine.
Authors: E Miller
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Ideal relaxed posinion for immunising infants streptomycmn, bismuth, and quinine.Of course, none of this applies today.Needles of only 16 mm long are used, which cannot reach the sciatic nerve, and diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine is not neurotoxic. General practitioners know bestThis experience taught us important lessons.Vaccination is an area in which general practitioners have most experience and they should be heeded as the best judges of events.The primary health care team, when well integrated by shared experience, -should not be threatened lightly on such issues.The one practice that conformed to the ruling has now found fairly serious local reactions never previously experienced, and in two of the cases we had difficulty in dissuading the parents from taking legal action against the local health authority.A neighbouring practitioner has sent me the results of his study of reactions at different injection sites, in which reactions in the upper arm considerably exceed those in the buttock area (C B Floyd et al, unpublished results).Finally, if we are to help Lord Skelmersdale achieve his aim of a 90% target we must tell him that bad technique is the main obstacle preventing the achieve- ment.It is now time for the chief medical officer to recommend that the buttock, once avoided on tangential evidence 27 years ago, is now the optimum site.Such observations are made at the grass roots but are not always collated.We have learnt from mothers in a working class practice that it is pain, distress, and struggle that are the main reasons for failing to return 'for reinforcement.Facial puckering and crying are signs of bad technique.Placed across the mother's lap and held by her, an infant does not witness any assault and should not cry even when the injection is intro- duced.I suggest that the panic we commonly see, even in girls aged 10-14 attending for rubella vaccine, is due to a resurgence of infantile fear experienced before intellectual resources to control it were developed.In my opinion national hopes need to rely on generally applying the best techniques.
<i>lolal</i>Is an Evolutionarily New Epigenetic Regulator of<i>dpp</i>Transcription during Dorsal–Ventral Axis Formation
Authors: Janine C. Quijano, Robert G. Wisotzkey, Nancy Lan Tran, Yunxian Huang, Michael J. Stinchfield, Theodor E. Haerry, Osamu Shimmi, Stuart J. Newfeld
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2016)

Secreted ligands in the Dpp/BMP family drive dorsal–ventral (D/V) axis formation in all Bilaterian species. However, maternal factors regulating Dpp/BMP transcription in this process are largely unknown. We identified the BTB domain protein longitudinals lacking-like (lolal) as a modifier of decapentaplegic (dpp) mutations. We show that Lolal is evolutionarily related to the Trithorax group of chromatin regulators and that lolal interacts genetically with the epigenetic factor Trithorax-like during Dpp D/V signaling. Maternally driven LolalHA is found in oocytes and translocates to zygotic nuclei prior to the point at which dpp transcription begins. lolal maternal and zygotic mutant embryos display significant reductions in dpp, pMad, and zerknullt expression, but they are never absent. The data suggest that lolal is required to maintain dpp transcription during D/V patterning. Phylogenetic data revealed that lolal is an evolutionarily new gene present only in insects and crustaceans. We conclude that Lolal is the first maternal protein identified with a role in dpp D/V transcriptional maintenance, that Lolal and the epigenetic protein Trithorax-like are essential for Dpp D/V signaling and that the architecture of the Dpp D/V pathway evolved in the arthropod lineage after the separation from vertebrates via the incorporation of new genes such as lolal.
The Artificial Pancreas in 2016: A Digital Treatment Ecosystem for Diabetes
Authors: Boris Kovatchev, William V. Tamborlane, William T. Cefalu, Claudio Cobelli
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

With the increasing availability of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), the artificial pancreas (AP) (the commonly accepted term for closed-loop control [CLC] of blood glucose [BG] levels in diabetes) has become a hot area in translational research and industrial development. After a prolonged period of inpatient, clinical research center trials using cumbersome systems, the field has progressed rapidly over the past 2 years to long-term, free-living studies running AP algorithms on smartphones. Although it is still not a cure, the AP is the most promising advance in the treatment of diabetes at this time.

This issue of Diabetes Care presents today’s AP state of the art, including reports on multinational home-use AP trials, studies in young children, the use of multihormonal approaches to mitigate meal-related hyperglycemia, and discussions of AP study designs and outcome measures. This collection of articles establishes the AP as a new diabetes treatment paradigm—not a single-function CGM or CSII device but an adaptable wearable network encompassing the patient in a digital treatment ecosystem.

In its May 2014 issue, Diabetes Care featured the progress in the AP field in a series of articles labeled “Advances in Artificial Pancreas Development.” In addition to an editorial discussing the state of the art of AP development in 2014 (1), the issue included original articles that covered a broad range of topics including analyses of the possible physiological inputs to CLC (2), real-time estimation of insulin sensitivity from CGM and insulin pump data (3), engineering of the AP algorithms (4), reports of predictive low-glucose suspend (LGS) systems (5), studies of overnight CLC at home (6), feasibility of the AP in type 2 diabetes (7), and the first around-the-clock outpatient CLC running a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm on a portable AP system (8).

Since then, …
The Shanghai 800: prevalence of tardive dyskinesia in a Chinese psychiatric hospital
Authors: G N Ko, L D Zhang, W W Yan, M D Zhang, D Buchner, Z Y Xia, R J Wyatt, D V Jeste
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

The authors found that 73 (8.4%) of 866 patients with chronic schizophrenia in the Shanghai Psychiatric Hospital who had been treated with neuroleptics had tardive dyskinesia. This low prevalence rate is possibly ascribable to the use of relatively low doses of neuroleptics.
Descriptive Analysis of Azacitidine Use in Four Adult University Teaching Hospitals in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Ghislain Bérard, Nathalie Marcotte, Marie-Claude Michel, Paul Farand, Louise Deschenes, Daniel Froment, France Varin, Pierre Gaudreault, Elaine Pelletier, Chantal Guévremont, Raghu Rajan, Nathalie Letarte, Harold J. Olney
Journal: Blood (2015)
Local brucellosis outbreak on Thassos, Greece: a preliminary report
Authors: R Vorou, K Gkolfinopoulou, G Dougas, K Mellou, IN Pierroutsakos, T Papadimitriou
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

Brucellosis is a zoonosis resulting in reproductive failure in wild and domestic animals and febrile disease and occasionally severe infections of the central nervous system and endocarditis in humans. In animals and humans alike, it is found worldwide, including southeastern Europe, the Mediterranean basin (Portugal, Spain, southern France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, northern Africa), parts of Mexico, Central and Latin America, Asia, and Africa [1]. Human brucellosis represents a professional hazard, being acquired via ingestion, inhalation in laboratories or abattoirs, conjunctiva and skin trauma contamination with infected animal tissues and products [1,2]. Symptoms can appear as acute or insidious onset, after five to 60 days and last for days, months and occasionally as long as a year. Relapses can also occur. Treatment is effective with antibiotics. Untreated brucellosis can lead to death (case-fatality ratio around 2%), usually by heart complications.
Two parallel randomized phase II studies of selumetinib (S) and erlotinib (E) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer selected by KRAS mutations.
Authors: Corey Allan Carter, Arun Rajan, Eva Szabo, Sean Khozin, Anish Thomas, Christina E. Brzezniak, Udayan Guha, L. Austin Doyle, Corrine Keen, Seth M. Steinberg, Liqiang Xi, Mark Raffeld, Karen L. Reckamp, Stephen Koehler, Barbara Jennifer Gitlitz, Ravi Salgia, David R. Gandara, Everett E. Vokes, Giuseppe Giaccone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

8026 Background: KRAS mutations are present in 20% of NSCLC and are associated with primary resistance to erlotinib (E). KRAS mutations result in constitutive activation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. Selumetinib (S) (AZD6244, ARRY-142886) is a selective and uncompetitive inhibitor of MEK kinase. Preclinical studies demonstrated increased activity in NSCLC cell lines using S+E regardless of KRAS status. Methods: Advanced NSCLC patients with progressive disease after platinum based chemotherapy +/- one other treatment were stratified by KRAS status, which was centrally assessed using macrodissection and pyrosequencing for all mutations involving codons 12, 13, and 61. Patients were randomized to receive either the standard of care E or a combination of S+E in KRAS wild type (wt) and S alone or S+E in patients with KRAS mutations. Single agent E and S were administered orally at 150 mg daily and 75 mg twice daily respectively. Combination dosing were S 150 mg every morning and E 100 mg every evening. The primary endpoint for the KRAS wt group was PFS and for the KRAS mutant group objective response rate. Results: From March 2010 to January 2013, 79 patients screened; 78 enrolled: KRAS mutant, 39; KRAS wt, 40; M/F (39:39); median age: 64 years (33-84); median WHO PS 1(0-2); 66 former and 13 never smokers; 67 adenocarcinoma, 9 squamous cell. Three patients died of complications prior to first evaluation (1 coronary disease, 1 pulmonary fibrosis, and 1 disease progression) of which none were related to S. Dose reductions occurred in 5% E, 40% S, and 56% E+S. Most grade 3/4 AEs occurred in combination therapy; diarrhea (23%), fatigue (23%) lymphopenia (13%), myositis (10%), dyspnea (10%), rash (7%). Discontinuation due to AEs was 8% all occurring in S+E cohorts. Conclusions: This study failed to show improvement of combination therapy over single agent in KRAS wt and mutant patients. Toxicity was increased in the combination arms. Interestingly, the KRAS mutant cohort had longer PFS than KRAS wt patients, although not statistically significant (p=0.11). Clinical trial information: NCT01229150. [Table: see text]
Hyperventilation-induced cerebral ischemia in panic disorder and effect of nimodipine
Authors: D M Gibbs
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

Basilar artery blood flow was measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography before and during hyperventilation in nine patients with panic disorder and nine normal comparison subjects. The hyperventilation-induced decrease in basilar artery blood flow was significantly greater in patients with panic attacks than in comparison subjects. Two patients with decreases in basilar flow greater than 80% were successfully treated with nimodipine, a centrally active calcium channel blocker.
Symptom reduction from IMRT dose deintensification: Results from ECOG 1308 using the Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey version 2 (VHNSS V2).
Authors: Anthony Cmelak, Shuli Li, Shanthi Marur, Weiqiang Zhao, William H. Westra, Christine H. Chung, Maura L. Gillison, Jill Gilbert, Julie E. Bauman, Lynne I. Wagner, Robert L. Ferris, David R. Trevarthen, Barbara A. Murphy, Thomas Galloway, Barbara Burtness
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

6021 Background: The prevalence, severity, and functional implications of high-dose radiation for locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC) are substantial. E1308 allowed dose reduction of IMRT (54Gy) in HPV+ patients if a complete clinical response were obtained to induction chemotherapy (IC). The VHNSS V2 instrument was used to quantify symptom burden following treatment. Methods: The VHNSS V2 is a 50-item survey, scored 0 (none) to 10 (severe) arranged into symptom clusters. The tool was utilized pre-treatment, and at 6 and 12 months to pts with resectable stage III/IVa,b HPV+ oropharyngeal HNC who received IC q3 weeks x 3 with paclitaxel 90mg/m2 days (D) 1,8, 15, cisplatin 75mg/m2 D1, and standard weekly cetuximab (C). IC response determined IMRT dose independently at primary site and involved nodes: C-IMRT 54Gy/27 if cCR and 69.3Gy/33 if < cCR. Only pts who completed ≥ 50% of the items in a given symptom cluster were considered evaluable for that cluster Results: 80 pts were enrolled (3 did not receive IMRT) with 44 pts classified as NED at 12 months post-treatment (35 received ≤ 54Gy and 9 received > 54Gy). Moderate to severe average symptom cluster scores (scores ≥ 2) appeared numerically reduced with lower IMRT dose: mouth pain 6% vs. 25%, general pain 27% vs. 50%, nutrition 6% vs. 40%, taste/smell changes 37% vs. 50%, voice 13% vs. 25%, teeth 17% vs. 33%. Difference in difficulty swallowing solids 35% vs. 100% reached statistical significance (p = 0.01). A composite analysis evaluating moderate to severe symptoms at 12 months for any of these 3 clusters (difficulty swallowing solids, dry mouth, taste/smell changes) was 70% vs. 100%. Difficulty swallowing liquids 6% vs. 0%, and mucous 27% vs. 25% did not appear to be reduced by the lower IMRT dose. Conclusions: The VHNSS V2 instrument provides granular analysis of specific symptoms experienced by HNC patients. Reduction of IMRT dose from 69.3Gy to 54Gy appeared to ameliorate late toxicities in locally advanced HPV+ HNC. This dose reduction in pts with cCR to IC was associated with favorable long-term DFS. VHNSS V2 will be used in subsequent ECOG-ACRIN studies to evaluate treatment effects prospectively. Clinical trial information: NCT01084083.
Incidence of Tumors in Isogenic Strains&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Walter J. Burdette, Ph. D., M. D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1952)

Journal Article Incidence of Tumors in Isogenic Strains Get access Walter J. Burdette, Ph. D., M. D. Walter J. Burdette, Ph. D., M. D. Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 12, Issue 4, February 1952, Pages 709–714, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/12.4.709 Published: 01 February 1952 Article history Received: 14 August 1951 Published: 01 February 1952
Pleural Effusions Associated with Use of Dasatinib in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia May Have an Auto-Immune Pathogenesis.
Authors: Sinthiya Punnialingam, Hugues de Lavallade, Dragana Milojkovic, Bua Marco, Jamshid S. Khorashad, John M. Goldman, Jane F. Apperley, David Marin
Journal: Blood (2007)
Blood Glucose Control and Diabetic Microangiopathy
Authors: J S Cheah
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

There is overwhelming evidence that the microangiopathy complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) of diabetes can be minimised, prevented or improved by optimal blood glucose control. There is little evidence to show otherwise. This paper reviews evidences to demonstrate that poor diabetic control predisposes to diabetic microangiopathy. The only way to minimise diabetic microangiopathy is to avoid hyper glycaemia and achieve euglycaemia for most part of the day. In doing so, the dangers of hypoglycaemia must be clearly recognized and avoided.
Experiences of psychiatry board exam casualties: a survey report
Authors: M R Lipp
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

The author collected completed questionnaires from 52 psychiatrists who had failed to pass the examinations of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) on their first try. He quotes from the responses of 6 of these psychiatrists, showing the profound emotional impact of their failure. He recommends that the ABPN explain its low pass rate, supply feedback on the exam results, provide the specific criteria by which competence is judged, allow candidates to take the written exam on a trial basis, and drop the oral exams if their reliability cannot be documented. He also recommends that the profession of psychiatry take responsibility for the certification procedure.
International AIDS Society global scientific strategy: towards an HIV cure 2016
Authors: Steven G Deeks, Sharon R Lewin, Anna Laura Ross, Jintanat Ananworanich, Monsef Benkirane, Paula Cannon, Nicolas Chomont, Daniel Douek, Jeffrey D Lifson, Ying-Ru Lo, Daniel Kuritzkes, David Margolis, John Mellors, Deborah Persaud, Joseph D Tucker, Françoise Barre-Sinoussi, Galit Alter, Judith Auerbach, Brigitte Autran, Dan H Barouch, Georg Behrens, Marina Cavazzana, Zhiwei Chen, Éric A Cohen, Giulio Maria Corbelli, Serge Eholié, Nir Eyal, Sarah Fidler, Laurindo Garcia, Cynthia Grossman, Gail Henderson, Timothy J Henrich, Richard Jefferys, Hans-Peter Kiem, Joseph McCune, Keymanthri Moodley, Peter A Newman, Monique Nijhuis, Moses Supercharger Nsubuga, Melanie Ott, Sarah Palmer, Douglas Richman, Asier Saez-Cirion, Matthew Sharp, Janet Siliciano, Guido Silvestri, Jerome Singh, Bruno Spire, Jeffrey Taylor, Martin Tolstrup, Susana Valente, Jan van Lunzen, Rochelle Walensky, Ira Wilson, Jerome Zack
Journal: Nature Medicine (2016)
Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate combination improves exercise tolerance in heart failure: Results from V-HeFT I and V-HeFT II
Authors: Susan Ziesche, Frederick R. Cobb, Jay N. Cohn, Gary Johnson, Felix Tristani
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Background. To better define the effects of long-term vasodilator therapy on exercise performance in chronic congestive heart failure, we compared placebo with prazosin and with the combination of hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate (Hyd-Iso) in 642 men over a 5-year period in V-HeFT I. Methods and Results. Patients were randomized (double-blind) to 20 mg of prazosin daily or 300 mg of hydralazine plus 160 mg daily of isosorbide dinitrate or placebo. We compared enalapril (20 mg daily), a converting enzyme inhibitor, with Hyd-Iso in 804 men over another 5-year period in V-HeFT II. Background therapy in both trials consisted of digitalis and diuretics. Serial bicycle ergometric exercise was peformed with gas exchange measurements during progressive incremental work rates to a symptom-limited peak end point
OP06 Tim3 down-regulation renders CD4 effector cells less susceptible to T-reg control in patients with autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: R Liberal, Y Ma, G Mieli-Vergani, M Longhi
Journal: Gut (2010)

Introduction  In autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), the extent of CD4 effector immune responses is associated with defective CD4 pos CD25 pos  regulatory T-cells (T-regs). Engagement of T-cell-immunoglobulin-and-mucin-domain-3 (Tim3) on Th1-cells by galectin-9, expressed by T-regs, induces Th1-cell apoptosis. In AIH, Tim3 is down-regulated on CD4 effector cells. Whether the reduced Tim3 expression renders CD4 T-cells less susceptible to T-reg control is unknown.  Aim  To evaluate whether Tim3 expression is associated with the ability of CD4 effector cells to be regulated by T-regs in AIH.  Method  18 ANA/SMA+ patients (median age: 14.9 years, 11 females) and 6 healthy subjects (HS, median age: 28.4, 5 females) were studied. T-regs and CD4 pos CD25 neg  effector cells were purified from PBMCs using immunomagnetic beads. CD25 neg  cells were further purified into Tim3 pos  and Tim3 neg  cell fractions and used as targets in co-culture experiments with T-regs. Target cell proliferation was assessed after 5-day culture by  3 H-thymidine incorporation and expressed as mean cpm count.  Results  Proliferation of unfractionated CD25 neg  cells (HS: 37 745±5015; AIH: 6160+714) was lower than that of Tim3 neg  (HS: 115 488±8348, p=0.001; AIH: 9659+1041, p=0.02) and higher than that of Tim3 pos  (HS: 29 382±2323, p=0.03; AIH: 4604±1177, p=0.004) cells. Addition of T-regs reduced cell proliferation by 51% (P neg  cells were used as targets; by 25% (p=0.14) and 23% (p=NS) when Tim3 neg  cells were the targets and by 62% (p=0.04) and 43% (p=0.03) when the targets were Tim3 pos  cells. Since Tim3 pos  cells produce higher levels of IFN-gamma than Tim3 neg  cells, we investigated the effect of IFN-gamma neutralisation on the ability of Tim3 pos  and Tim3 neg  cells to be regulated by T-regs. While treatment with anti-IFN-gamma neutralising antibodies did not change Tim3 neg  cell susceptibility to T-reg control, it decreased it in Tim3 pos  cells, inhibition of proliferation being 17% in HS and nil in AIH following T-reg addition.  Conclusion  Compared to unfractionated CD25 neg  and Tim3 pos  cells, Tim3 neg  effectors display higher ability to proliferate and are less susceptible to T-reg control especially in AIH. Down-regulation of Tim3 renders CD4 effectors less amenable to immune regulation and therefore more likely to inflict and perpetuate liver damage. The decreased ability of T-regs to suppress proliferation of anti-IFN-gamma-treated Tim3 pos  cells suggests that IFN-gamma production is needed in order for these cells to be effectively regulated.
The Impact of Donor Age on Outcome after Unrelated Bone Marrow Transplantation: Comparison with Unrelated Cord Blood Transplantation
Authors: Sachiko Seo, Junya Kanda, Yoshiko Atsuta, Naoyuki Uchida, Kazuteru Ohashi, Takahiro Fukuda, Satoshi Takahashi, Yukiyasu Ozawa, Makoto Onizuka, Minoko Takanashi, Nobuhiro Tsukada, Shunichi Kato, Fumihiko Kimura, Yoshinobu Kanda, Koichi Miyamura
Journal: Blood (2015)
Comorbidities and FLT3 Abnormalities as Independent Prognostic Indicators of Survival in Elderly Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients
Authors: Massimo Breccia, Roberto Latagliata, Laura Cannella, Ida Carmosino, Caterina Stefanizzi, Michelina Santopietro, Giuliana Alimena
Journal: Blood (2008)
Arsenic Trioxide-Based Therapy Of Relapsed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: Updated Results Of The European Registry Of Relapsed APL (PROMYSE)
Authors: Eva Lengfelder, Francesco Lo-Coco, Lionel Ades, Pau Montesinos, David Grimwade, Bhuvan Kishore, Safaa Ramadan, Maria Pagoni, Massimo Breccia, Concha Rivas, José Gonzáles-Sanmiguel, Anne Schmidt, Jean-Francois Lambert, Wolf-Karsten Hofmann, Maria Cristina Sauerland, Pierre Fenaux, Miguel Sanz
Journal: Blood (2013)
Group therapy training in psychiatric residency programs: a national survey
Authors: E L Pinney, S H Wells, B Fisher
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

The authors used a questionnaire sent to the directors of the 256 approved American psychiatric residency programs to examine the availability, content, and orientations of group therapy training. They found that 78% of the responding programs offered group therapy training, a substantial increase from earlier estimates; that an approach incorporating didactic courses, observation and leadership of groups, supervision, and participation in an experiential group was gaining increased acceptance; that most of the programs provided a variety of arrangements for supervision of group training; that the theoretical orientations mirrored the field of group therapy itself; and, finally, that associated disciplines were gaining increasing acceptance.
Article on what went wrong at Addenbrooke’s was ill informed and misleading
Authors: Fraz A Mir
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Vize’s article about what went wrong at Addenbrooke’s was ill informed and misleading.1 The author failed to appreciate that the Care Quality Commission based many of its conclusions on what staff told inspectors. The report repeatedly highlights failures in systems and processes (including the electronic hospital set-up), ineffectual senior leadership, and a …