tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Weight change during adjuvant chemotherapy regimens for breast cancer.
Authors: R. M. Speck, A. DeMichele
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

599 Background: Weight gain and obesity are associated with increased risk for many health conditions threatening mortality, including recurrence of breast cancer. Weight gain is an observed side effect of adjuvant chemotherapy, however little is known about the amount of weight increase associated with specific regimens and risk factors. We sought to characterize weight change with commonly-administered adjuvant therapy regimens and to determine characteristics associated with weight change during treatment. Methods: Retrospective electronic medical record abstraction was performed on patients prescribed adjuvant chemotherapy from April 2008-December 2009, at the Rena Rowan Breast Center at the University of Pennsylvania. Women with previous cancer or gastric bypass surgery were excluded. Chemotherapy regimen (dose and schedule), demographics, height, weight at chemotherapy initiation and completion, and alterations in treatment were abstracted. Two sample t-tests compared the mean weight change of regimens by age (< 50 vs. ≥ 50). Results: 125 women with mean age 51 years (range 26-76) and BMI 26.2 (range 16.6-54.7) were analyzed. The most common regimens were docetaxel/cyclophosphamide (TC, 4 cycles, q3 weeks) and doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide × 4 followed by paclitaxel × 4 (dose-dense AC-T), (33.9% and 37.2%, respectively). Absolute and percent weight change observed during treatment differed significantly between regimens. Women receiving TC gained an average of 2.8 lbs (95% CI 1.2-4.3), those on dose dense AC-T lost 1.2 lbs (95% CI -3.6-1.1) (p = 0.007). Among younger women (<50), those on TC gained an average of 2.3% body weight (95% CI = 0.9-3.8); those on dose dense AC-T had no significant gain (0.004%; 95% CI = -1.7-1.7) (p = 0.04). Pretreatment BMI was not associated with a change in weight for either regimen when considered as a continuous or categorical variable (< 25, 25-29.9, ≥ 30; normal, overweight, and obese, respectively). Conclusions: Weight gain is not generalizable to all adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. There is a significant difference in the amount of weight change in women receiving TC vs. dose dense AC-T. Increased awareness of weight gain during treatment and interventions to minimize this effect are needed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
P2-206: Clinical responses of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung to perioperative adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Hisashi Saji, Masahiro Tsuboi, Kuniharu Miyajima, Naohiro Kajiwara, Tatsuo Ohira, Takao Hirano, Harubumi Kato
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
An open-label, dose-escalating study of Maxy-G34, a novel potent, long-acting Pegylated G-CSF, compared with pegfilgrastim (PF) for the treatment of chemotherapy induced neutropenia (CIN)
Authors: L. S. Schwartzberg, S. L. Sankar, D. Apt, E. Goldstein, S. J. Vetticaden, K. Chitour, D. Gilfoyle, S. Kim, U. Keilholz, K. Possinger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e14500 Background: rhG-CSF reduces the incidence and duration of CIN in patients (pts) receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Maxy-G34 is a recombinant, modified human G-CSF, containing three 5 kD PEG groups. These modifications alter both renal and receptor mediated clearance, leading to a longer half-life and the potential for enhanced activity. Phase I studies demonstrated safety of Maxy-G34 in normal volunteers with a dose dependent rapidly reversible increase in the absolute neutrophil count (ANC). The effect of Maxy-G34 on CIN was evaluated in an open-label, active-comparator controlled, dose-ranging study. Methods: The primary efficacy endpoint was duration of severe, Grade 4 neutropenia (G4N) in treatment cycle 1. Adults with high-risk Stage I-IIIa breast cancer eligible for TAC chemotherapy received Maxy-G34 at 10, 30, 45, 60 or 100 μg/kg or the active control PF 6 mg, given sub- cutaneously 24-hours after each dose of TAC for 6 cycles. Blood samples were collected daily and analyzed at a central laboratory throughout each of the 21-day chemotherapy cycles to determine ANC and evaluate PK profile of Maxy-G34. Results: All dose groups of Maxy-G34 enrolled 6 pts each, except the 100 μg/kg group (3 pts), and the PF group (8 pts). The mean durations of G4N in cycle 1 were 2.2 days for 10 μg/kg, 1.8 days for 30 μg/kg, 0.8 days for 45 μg/kg, 2.2 days for 60 μg/kg, and 1.7 days for 100 μg/kg Maxy-G34 groups vs. 2.0 days for PF. The rate of FN was 2.6% across all Maxy-G34 doses vs. 4.2% for PF. CD34+ cell counts increased across Maxy-G34 groups following recovery from nadir with maximum concentration in treatment cycle 1 ranging from 25.8 to 133.3 cells/mL versus 49.6 cells/mL for PF. The average half-life and Cmax obtained after Maxy-G34 were approximately 2-fold higher than PF. Adverse events were consistent with those reported for G-CSF and TAC with no serious unexpected adverse events. Grade 3/4 AEs for Maxy-G34 was 9.5% vs. 8.5% for PF. No neutralizing antibodies related to Maxy-G34 were observed. Conclusion: Once-per-cycle Maxy-G34 appears to be effective in reducing CIN with no new safety signals. Further Phase II studies are planned. [Table: see text]
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment
Authors: Mohammed Y. Khanji, Vinícius V.S. Bicalho, Claudia N. van Waardhuizen, Bart S. Ferket, Steffen E. Petersen, M.G. Myriam Hunink
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Many guidelines exist for screening and risk assessment for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy persons.To systematically review current primary prevention guidelines on adult cardiovascular risk assessment and highlight the similarities and differences to aid clinician decision making.Publications in MEDLINE and CINAHL between 3 May 2009 and 30 June 2016 were identified. On 30 June 2016, the Guidelines International Network International Guideline Library, National Guideline Clearinghouse, National Library for Health Guidelines Finder, Canadian Medical Association Clinical Practice Guidelines Infobase, and Web sites of organizations responsible for guideline development were searched.2 reviewers screened titles and abstracts to identify guidelines from Western countries containing recommendations for cardiovascular risk assessment for healthy adults.2 reviewers independently assessed rigor of guideline development using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument, and 1 extracted the recommendations.Of the 21 guidelines, 17 showed considerable rigor of development. These recommendations address assessment of total cardiovascular risk (5 guidelines), dysglycemia (7 guidelines), dyslipidemia (2 guidelines), and hypertension (3 guidelines). All but 1 recommendation advocates for screening, and most include prediction models integrating several relatively simple risk factors for either deciding on further screening or guiding subsequent management. No consensus on the strategy for screening, recommended target population, screening tests, or treatment thresholds exists.Only guidelines developed by Western national or international medical organizations were included.Considerable discrepancies in cardiovascular screening guidelines still exist, with no consensus on optimum screening strategies or treatment threshold.Barts Charity.
Toward a New Era of Trust and Transparency in Clinical Trials
Authors: Kathy L. Hudson, Michael S. Lauer, Francis S. Collins
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P3-103: Evaluation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation Status in Serum DNA as a Predictor of Response to Gefitinib (IRESSA)
Authors: Hideharu Kimura, Mika Suminoe, Kazuo Kasahara, Takashi Sone, Tomoyuki Araya, Shunichi Tamori, Kazuto Nishio, Kenichi Miyamoto, Masaki Fujimura
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Cultural group selection follows Darwin's classic syllogism for the operation of selection
Authors: Peter Richerson, Ryan Baldini, Adrian V. Bell, Kathryn Demps, Karl Frost, Vicken Hillis, Sarah Mathew, Emily K. Newton, Nicole Naar, Lesley Newson, Cody Ross, Paul E. Smaldino, Timothy M. Waring, Matthew Zefferman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2016)

Abstract The main objective of our target article was to sketch the empirical case for the importance of selection at the level of groups on cultural variation. Such variation is massive in humans, but modest or absent in other species. Group selection processes acting on this variation is a framework for developing explanations of the unusual level of cooperation between non-relatives found in our species. Our case for cultural group selection (CGS) followed Darwin's classic syllogism regarding natural selection: If variation exists at the level of groups, if this variation is heritable, and if it plays a role in the success or failure of competing groups, then selection will operate at the level of groups. We outlined the relevant domains where such evidence can be sought and characterized the main conclusions of work in those domains. Most commentators agree that CGS plays some role in human evolution, although some were considerably more skeptical. Some contributed additional empirical cases. Some raised issues of the scope of CGS explanations versus competing ones.
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the <i>CALCA</i> Gene Are Associated with Variation of Procalcitonin Concentration in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Abraham Schoe, Evert de Jonge, Robert J. M. Klautz, Jaap T. van Dissel, Esther van de Vosse
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)
Peginterferon alpha-2a (40kDa) plus ribavirin is as effective in patients relapsing after conventional interferon based therapy as in naive patients: Results from the Bernar-1 trial
Authors: Frederik Nevens, H Van Vlierberghe, E D'heygere, J Delwaide, M Adler, J Henrion, Henry, A Hendlisz, Paul Michielsen, B Bastens, R Brenard, O Van Der Meeren
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
Comparative genomic hybridization and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization reveals a low prevalence of chromosomal imbalances in hairy cell leukemia
Authors: J Dierlamm, M Stefanova, Iwona Wlodarska, L Michaux, K Hinz, B Maes, Emm Penas, Anne Hagemeijer-Hausman, Christiane Peeters, DK Hossfeld
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2000)
Patient decision making, satisfaction, and quality of life following contralateral prophylactic mastectomy.
Authors: R. Tuli, R. A. Chandra, E. Sugar, J. P. Christodouleas, R. A. Flynn, K. Y. Usuki, K. L. Brill, A. L. Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e19610 Background: Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) has been associated with decreased rates of contralateral breast cancers. However, its impact on breast cancer-specific mortality is less clear. Although more women are electing CPM, there is limited data regarding decision-making factors, satisfaction and the long-term psychosocial implications of the procedure. Herein, we evaluate these factors to better understand patient contentment. Methods: Using an IRB-approved, retrospective chart review, we identified women with unilateral, non-metastatic breast cancer who underwent mastectomy. Within this group, those who elected CPM were queried using a self-administered, standard instrument questionnaire to assess decision making-factors and measure cancer-specific distress and quality of life. Results: Women treated with CPM were younger, more likely to be BRCA-positive and undergo breast reconstruction (p < .01) compared to women with unilateral mastectomy. 53% responded to the questionnaire. Median time from diagnosis to survey completion was 36 months. Demographics and patient tumor characteristics did not differ between respondents and non-respondents. 86% of patients were satisfied with CPM. Higher satisfaction scores were reported by women who were BRCA-positive, underwent reconstruction, and did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (p < .05). 63% were depressed, which was associated with premenopausal status, age less than 40 years of age, and being within 1 year of CPM (p < .05). 43% of women reported moderate to severe psychological distress, which was higher in Latino women (p < .01) and those not receiving adjuvant radiation (p < .05). Depression was strongly associated with cancer-specific preoccupation and distress (p < .01). Satisfaction scores had a negative correlation to depression scores (.36; p < .05). Conclusions: The majority of women undergoing CPM expressed satisfaction with their decision and outcome. Although younger women were more likely to elect CPM, they were also more likely to report long-term depression. These data reinforce the necessity of a thorough patient-physician discussion regarding alternatives, outcomes, and long-term expectations. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
T helper (Th)1, Th17 and Th2 imbalance in mesenchymal stem cells of adult patients with atopic dermatitis: at the origin of the problem
Authors: M. Orciani, A. Campanati, M. Caffarini, G. Ganzetti, V. Consales, G. Lucarini, A. Offidani, R. Di Primio
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and inflammatory disease characterized by a marked imbalance of T helper (Th)2 vs. Th1/Th17 cells in the early phase of AD, whereas a mixed Th1/Th2 pattern of inflammation is usually found at the chronic stage. These features have not been extensively evaluated in undifferentiated skin cells of patients affected by AD.To evaluate the relative expression of 22 genes encoding Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines and the secretion of the corresponding proteins in cutaneous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from skin of patients with AD (AD-MSCs) and their role in AD onset.AD-MSCs were isolated, characterized and profiled by polymerase chain reaction array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the relative expression and secretion of cytokines involved in the Th1, Th2 and Th17 pathways. MSCs isolated from the skin of healthy people were used as controls (C-MSCs).AD-MSCs showed an upregulation of many Th1/Th17 cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17F, transforming growth factor-β, interferon-γ], while Th2 chemokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-23A) were downregulated in AD-MSCs. Finally, some genes/proteins (CCL1, IL-17C, tumour necrosis factor-α) did not show variations between C-MSCs and AD-MSCs.The profile of MSCs obtained from patients with chronic AD retraces the Th1/Th17 cell environment observed in differentiated cells of chronic AD. This evidence could open a new scenario in the pathogenesis of AD, according to which the inflammatory process may involve MSCs early on.
P3-121: Phase II study of gefitinib as a first–line therapy in elderly patients with lung adenocarcinoma (WJTOG 0402–DI)
Authors: Takashi Nishimura, Nobuyuki Katakami, Masashi Kobayashi, Kaoru Matsui, Koji Takeda, Hisao Uejima, Yasuo Iwamoto, Takamune Sugiura, Masahiro Fukuoka, Hiroshige Yoshioka, Naoko Aragane
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Primary Double-Strike Therapy for Cancers to Overcome EGFR Kinase Inhibitor Resistance: Proposal from the Bench
Authors: Kenichi Suda, Paul A. Bunn, Christopher J. Rivard, Tetsuya Mitsudomi, Fred R. Hirsch
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)

Diverse molecular mechanisms that confer acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in lung cancers with sensitive EGFR mutations have been reported. However, it is not realistic to analyze for all these mechanisms at the time of resistance in clinical practice and establish adequate treatment targeting these numerous resistance mechanisms. Therefore, we believe that we should move our research focus from the exploration of "established" diverse resistance mechanisms to the elucidation of molecular mechanisms that enable cancer cells to remain alive at the early phase of the treatment. Here in this review, we summarize up-to-date molecular mechanisms that maintain residual tumor cells against EGFR TKI monotherapy in lung cancers with EGFR mutations. We classified these mechanisms into three categories. The first is a preexisting minor subpopulation with a resistance mechanism such as a pretreatment T790M mutation that can be detected by highly sensitivity methods. The second is the reversible drug-tolerant state that is often observed in cell line models and accounts for the lack of complete response and continued survival of cells exposed to EGFR TKIs in patients. And the last is the role of the microenvironment, including survival signaling from fibroblasts or dying cancer cells and the role of poor vascularization. Primary double-strike cancer therapy, or even initial multiple-strike therapy, to cancer cells that cotarget EGFR and survival mechanism(s) simultaneously would be a promising strategy to improve the outcomes of patients with EGFR mutations.
Many older patients with high blood pressure are not taking medication as directed, US study finds
Authors: Michael McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2016)

About a quarter of older patients with high blood pressure may be either skipping doses of their blood pressure medications or failing to take them altogether, a US study has found.

About 70% of US adults over the age of 65 have hypertension but only about half have their blood pressure under control, defined as achieving a blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg. Uncontrolled high blood pressure is a leading cause of heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease, and failure to take medication as directed—nonadherence—is the leading reason for poor blood pressure control.

In the study, …
Pokémon GO—A New Distraction for Drivers and Pedestrians
Authors: John W. Ayers, Eric C. Leas, Mark Dredze, Jon-Patrick Allem, Jurek G. Grabowski, Linda Hill
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Pokemon GO, an augmented reality game, has swept the nation. As players move, their avatar moves within the game, and players are then rewarded for collecting Pokemon placed in real-world locations. By rewarding movement, the game incentivizes physical activity. However, if players use their cars to search for Pokemon they negate any health benefit and incur serious risk. Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among 16- to 24-year-olds, whom the game targets. Moreover, according to the American Automobile Association, 59% of all crashes among young drivers involve distractions within 6 seconds of the accident. We report on an assessment of drivers and pedestrians distracted by Pokemon GO and crashes potentially caused by Pokemon GO by mining social and news media reports. Language: en
Molecular fluorescence-guided surgery of peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin: a single-centre feasibility study
Authors: Niels J Harlaar, Marjory Koller, Steven J de Jongh, Barbara L van Leeuwen, Patrick H Hemmer, Schelto Kruijff, Robert J van Ginkel, Lukas B Been, Johannes S de Jong, Gursah Kats-Ugurlu, Matthijs D Linssen, Annelies Jorritsma-Smit, Marleen van Oosten, Wouter B Nagengast, Vasilis Ntziachristos, Gooitzen M van Dam
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2016)
Etude européenne sur la surveillance et le diagnostic de Campylobacter, 2001
Authors: J Takkinen, A Ammon, O Robstad, T Breuer
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2003)

Deux etudes ont ete realisees au nom du Groupe de Travail sur Campylobacter. Leur objectif etait de tester la faisabilite d'un reseau europeen de surveillance des infections humaines a Campylobacter. La premiere etude, a laquelle 18 pays ont participe, a recueilli des donnees sur les methodes de diagnostic utilisees a des fins de surveillance. La seconde etude, menee aupres de 10 pays europeens, a rassemble les donnees sur les methodes de diagnostic et les procedures des laboratoires d'analyses. Dix-sept des 18 pays ont un systeme de surveillance pour les infections a Campylobacter, et 13 pays ont un laboratoire national de reference. Dans les 18 pays, la definition de cas inclut une confirmation microbiologique. Aucune methode commune de sous typage n'est appliquee. Quant aux laboratoires d'analyses impliques dans les infections a Campylobacter, seuls quelques uns transmettent directement leurs resultats au niveau national, et pres de la moitie realisent des tests de sensibilite aux antibiotiques. Les resultats de ces etudes montrent qu'une infrastructure de base existe pour une surveillance a l'echelle europeenne.
Successful blunt recanalization of an obliterated long esophageal stricture by endoscopic rendezvous
Authors: S. Amateau, M. Khashab
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 57-year-old man with a history of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue treated with chemoradiation therapy presented to our group for management of a proximal esophageal stricture. Despite serial endoscopic dilations with submucosal steroid at outside facilities, the stricture progressed, ultimately obliterating luminal patency. Consequently, caloric intake was maintained through a percutaneous gastrostomy tube; however, the patient's intolerance of secretions led to frequent aspiration ([Fig. 1]).
Long-acting rilpivirine as potential pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention (the MWRI-01 study): an open-label, phase 1, compartmental, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessment
Authors: Ian McGowan, Charlene S Dezzutti, Aaron Siegel, Jarret Engstrom, Alexiy Nikiforov, Kathryn Duffill, Cory Shetler, Nicola Richardson-Harman, Kaleab Abebe, David Back, Laura Else, Deidre Egan, Saye Khoo, James E Egan, Ronald Stall, Peter E Williams, Khaleel K Rehman, Amy Adler, Rhonda M Brand, Beatrice Chen, Sharon Achilles, Ross D Cranston
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2016)