tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA-138 and MicroRNA-25 Down-regulate Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter, Causing the Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Cancer Phenotype
Authors: Zhigang Hong, Kuang-Hueih Chen, Asish DasGupta, Francois Potus, Kimberly Dunham-Snary, Sebastien Bonnet, Lian Tian, Jennifer Fu, Sandra Breuils-Bonnet, Steeve Provencher, Danchen Wu, Jeffrey Mewburn, Mark L. Ormiston, Stephen L. Archer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)

Rationale: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an obstructive vasculopathy characterized by excessive pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation, migration, and apoptosis resistance. This cancer-like phenotype is promoted by increased cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]cyto), aerobic glycolysis, and mitochondrial fission.Objectives: To determine how changes in mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex (MCUC) function influence mitochondrial dynamics and contribute to PAH’s cancer-like phenotype.Methods: PASMCs were isolated from patients with PAH and healthy control subjects and assessed for expression of MCUC subunits. Manipulation of the pore-forming subunit, MCU, in PASMCs was achieved through small interfering RNA knockdown or MCU plasmid-mediated up-regulation, as well as through modulation of the upstream microRNAs (miRs) miR-138 and miR-25. In vivo, nebulized anti-miRs were administered to rats with monocrotaline-induced PAH.Measurements and Main Results: Impaired MCUC function, resulting from down-regulation of MCU and up-regulation of an inhibitory subunit, mitochondrial calcium uptake protein 1, is central to PAH’s pathogenesis. MCUC dysfunction decreases intramitochondrial calcium ([Ca2+]mito), inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and glucose oxidation, while increasing [Ca2+]cyto, promoting proliferation, migration, and fission. In PAH PASMCs, increasing MCU decreases cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis resistance by lowering [Ca2+]cyto, raising [Ca2+]mito, and inhibiting fission. In normal PASMCs, MCUC inhibition recapitulates the PAH phenotype. In PAH, elevated miRs (notably miR-138) down-regulate MCU directly and also by decreasing MCU’s transcriptional regulator cAMP response element–binding protein 1. Nebulized anti-miRs against miR-25 and miR-138 restore MCU expression, reduce cell proliferation, and regress established PAH in the monocrotaline model.Conclusions: These results highlight miR-mediated MCUC dysfunction as a unifying mechanism in PAH that can be therapeutically targeted.
Dynamic landscape of pancreatic carcinogenesis reveals early molecular networks of malignancy
Authors: Bo Kong, Philipp Bruns, Nora A Behler, Ligong Chang, Anna Melissa Schlitter, Jing Cao, Andreas Gewies, Jürgen Ruland, Sina Fritzsche, Nataliya Valkovskaya, Ziying Jian, Ivonne Regel, Susanne Raulefs, Martin Irmler, Johannes Beckers, Helmut Friess, Mert Erkan, Nikola S Mueller, Susanne Roth, Thilo Hackert, Irene Esposito, Fabian J Theis, Jörg Kleeff, Christoph W Michalski
Journal: Gut (2016)

Objective The initial steps of pancreatic regeneration versus carcinogenesis are insufficiently understood. Although a combination of oncogenic Kras and inflammation has been shown to induce malignancy, molecular networks of early carcinogenesis remain poorly defined. Design We compared early events during inflammation, regeneration and carcinogenesis on histological and transcriptional levels with a high temporal resolution using a well-established mouse model of pancreatitis and of inflammation-accelerated Kras G12D -driven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Quantitative expression data were analysed and extensively modelled in silico. Results We defined three distinctive phases—termed inflammation, regeneration and refinement—following induction of moderate acute pancreatitis in wild-type mice. These corresponded to different waves of proliferation of mesenchymal, progenitor-like and acinar cells. Pancreas regeneration required a coordinated transition of proliferation between progenitor-like and acinar cells. In mice harbouring an oncogenic Kras mutation and challenged with pancreatitis, there was an extended inflammatory phase and a parallel, continuous proliferation of mesenchymal, progenitor-like and acinar cells. Analysis of high-resolution transcriptional data from wild-type animals revealed that organ regeneration relied on a complex interaction of a gene network that normally governs acinar cell homeostasis, exocrine specification and intercellular signalling. In mice with oncogenic Kras, a specific carcinogenic signature was found, which was preserved in full-blown mouse pancreas cancer. Conclusions These data define a transcriptional signature of early pancreatic carcinogenesis and a molecular network driving formation of preneoplastic lesions, which allows for more targeted biomarker development in order to detect cancer earlier in patients with pancreatitis.
Estimating the burden of disease attributable to injecting drug use as a risk factor for HIV, hepatitis C, and hepatitis B: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
Authors: Louisa Degenhardt, Fiona Charlson, Jeff Stanaway, Sarah Larney, Lily T Alexander, Matthew Hickman, Benjamin Cowie, Wayne D Hall, John Strang, Harvey Whiteford, Theo Vos
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2016)

Previous estimates of the burden of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among people who inject drugs have not included estimates of the burden attributable to the consequences of past injecting. We aimed to provide these estimates as part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2013.We modelled the burden of HBV and HCV (including cirrhosis and liver cancer burden) and HIV at the country, regional, and global level. We extracted United Nations data on the proportion of notified HIV cases by transmission route, and estimated the contribution of injecting drug use (IDU) to HBV and HCV disease burden by use of a cohort method that recalibrated individuals' history of IDU, and accumulated risk of HBV and HCV due to IDU. We estimated data on current IDU from a meta-analysis of HBV and HCV incidence among injecting drug users and country-level data on the incidence of HBV and HCV between 1990 and 2013. We calculated estimates of burden of disease through years of life lost (YLL), years of life lived with disability (YLD), deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) calculated for each metric.In 2013, an estimated 10·08 million DALYs were attributable to previous exposure to HIV, HBV, and HCV via IDU, a four-times increase since 1990. In total in 2013, IDU was estimated to cause 4·0% (2·82 million DALYs, 95% UI 2·4 million to 3·8 million) of DALYs due to HIV, 1·1% (216 000, 101 000-338 000) of DALYs due to HBV, and 39·1% (7·05 million, 5·88 million to 8·15 million) of DALYs due to HCV. IDU-attributable HIV burden was highest in low-to-middle-income countries, and IDU-attributable HCV burden was highest in high-income countries.IDU is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Effective interventions to prevent and treat these important causes of health burden need to be scaled up.Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.
Daclatasvir plus Sofosbuvir plus Ribavirin for 12 or 16 Weeks in Treatment-Experienced Patients with HCV Genotype 3 Infection and Advanced Fibrosis or Cirrhosis
Authors: C. Hezode, G. Dore, S. Pianko, S. Pol, K. Stuart, A. Thompson, E. Tse, R. Bhore, M.J. Jimenez-Exposito
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
Association of a Common Polymorphism in the Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 3 Gene with Spontaneous HBS Antigen Clearance
Authors: J. Fischer, E. Koukoulioti, S. Böhm, E. Schott, B. Fülöp, R. Heyne, T. Berg, F. van Bömmel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
What would we have if Naive Hepatitis B Patients with HBV-DNA Levels below 2000 IU/ML were Performed Liver Biopsy; The Results of 85 Young-Male and Naive Patients
Authors: E. Yenilmez, R.A. Cetinkaya, M. Afyon, A. Ulcay, V. Turhan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
Wilms’ Tumor Suppressor Gene is the Key Regulatory of Hepatic Differentiation from Bone Marrow-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition
Authors: J.H. Cha, N.R. Park, H.-S. Kim, J.Y. Choi, S.K. Yoon, S.H. Bae
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
The Applicability of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Prediction Scoring System in a us Patient Cohort with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection
Authors: M. Jin, C. Zhao, M.-H. Lee, A.K. Le, J. Hoang, N.B. Ha, V. Trieu, H.-I. Yang, C.-J. Chen, M. Nguyen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
Outcomes of Allogeneic Transplantation in Patients Aged ≤ 60 Years with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Second Complete Remission: A CIBMTR ® Cohort Analysis
Authors: Fotios V. Michelis, Vikas Gupta, Mei-Jie Zhang, Hai-Lin Wang, Marcos de Lima, Hanna Jean Khoury, Brenda M Sandmaier, Wael Saber
Journal: Blood (2015)
Prolonged E. Coli Asparaginase Therapy Does Not Improve Significantly the Outcome for Children with Low and Average Risk Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL): Final Report of the EORTC-CLG Randomized Phase III Trial 58951
Authors: Veerle Mondelaers, Stefan Suciu, Barbara De Moerloose, Alina Ferster, Françoise Mazingue, Geneviève Plat, Karima Yakouben, Anne Uyttebroeck, Patrick Lutz, Vitor Costa, Nicolas Sirvent, Pierre Rohrlich, Martine Munzer, Maryline Poiree, Patrick Boutard, Frédéric Millot, Dominique Plantaz, Philip Maes, Claire Hoyoux, Hélène Cavé, Yves Bertrand, Yves Benoit
Journal: Blood (2012)
The Importance — and the Complexities — of Data Sharing
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen, Stephen Morrissey, Debra Malina, Mary Beth Hamel, Edward W. Campion
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

We at the Journal are committed to making the sharing of clinical trial data an effective, efficient, and sustainable part of biomedical research. This issue of the Journal includes three Perspective articles on the topic of data sharing. Grossman et al. describe the Genomic Data Commons, which will initially house raw genomic data and diagnostic, histologic, and clinical outcome data from National Cancer Institute–funded projects.1 Lo and DeMets recommend steps for addressing clinical trialists’ primary reservations about sharing their data.2 And Rockhold et al. consider progress to date and a path forward that could avert the creation of a fragmented . . .
Orthopedic surgery in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, a shift towards more frequent and early joint saving surgery
Authors: Annelies Boonen, Johan Verduyckt, Giovanni Matricali, Veerle Taelman, Patrick Verschueren, Ann Sileghem, Luk Corluy, Rene Westhovens
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)
Plerixafor (Mozobi ®)Plus G-CSF Is More Effective Than Placebo Plus G-CSF in Mobilizing CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Who Have Low (&lt;20 cells/μl) Peripheral Blood CD34+ Cell Count.
Authors: Auayporn P. Nademanee, Edward Stadtmauer, Ivana N Micallef, Patrick Stiff, Sachin Marulkar, Gary C Calandra, John F. DiPersio
Journal: Blood (2009)
Tenofovir DF Monotherapy is Superior to Entecavir-Adefovir Combination in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients who Are Suboptimal Responder for Lamivudine-Adefovir Therapy with RT204I/V Mutation: A Interim Analysis of Prospective Multicenter Trial
Authors: H.S. Kim, S.H. Lee, S.G. Kim, Y.S. Kim, S.W. Jeong, J.Y. Jang, B.S. Kim, D. Won Jun, T.Y. Kim, J.H. Sohn, Y.D. Kim, G.J. Cheon, B.S. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
Educational Epidemiology
Authors: Thomas J Beckman, David A Cook
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Genotype-Specific Baseline Score to Predict Post-Treatment Response to Peginterferon Alfa-2a in HBeAg-Positive Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Genotype B or C Infection
Authors: H.L.-Y. Chan, D. Messinger, G.V. Papatheodoridis, M. Cornberg, Q. Xie, T. Piratvisuth, H. Ren, P. Kennedy, A.J. Thompson, A. Caputo, G. Bakalos, V. Pavlovic, P. Lampertico
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
Translating Research into Improved Patient Care in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Sébastien Bonnet, Steeve Provencher, Christophe Guignabert, Frédéric Perros, Olivier Boucherat, Ralph Theo Schermuly, Paul M. Hassoun, Marlene Rabinovitch, Mark R. Nicolls, Marc Humbert
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)

Abstract Despite important advances in its therapeutic management, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains an incurable disease. Although numerous drugs exhibited beneficial effects in preclinical settings, only few have reached clinical trial phases, highlighting the challenges of translating preclinical investigations into clinical trials. Potential reasons for delayed PAH drug development may include the inherent limitations of the currently available animal and in vitro models, potential lack of appropriate standardization of the experimental design, regulatory agencies requirements, competing clinical trials and insufficient funding. Although this is not unique to PAH, there is urgency for reducing the number of false positive signals in preclinical studies and optimizing the development of innovative therapeutic targets through performance of clinical trials based on more robust experimental data. The current review discusses the challenges and opportunities in preclinical research to foster drug development in PAH.
Characterization of the genes rearranged in the t(11;18) (q21; q21) associated with MALT lymphomas
Authors: J Dierlamm, Thijs Baens, Iwona Wlodarska, M Stefanova-Ouzounova, JM Hernandez, DK Hossfeld, Christiane Peeters, Anne Hagemeijer-Hausman, Herman Van den Berghe, Peter Marynen
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1999)
FRI0464 Long-Term Efficacy of Ustekinumab Treatment in Patients Affected by Psoriatic Arthritis Previously Treated with TNF Inhibitors
Authors: M.S. Chimenti, P. Triggianese, A. Ortolan, M. Tonelli, M. Talamonti, L. Costa, F. Caso, M. Teoli, M. Galluzzo, R. Ramonda, R. Scarpa, L. Punzi, R. Perricone
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> IL12 and IL23 are two main cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases. IL-12 is produced by macrophages and B lymphocytes and mediates differentiation of Th1 lymphocytes, while IL-23 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine essential for the differentiation of Th17 cells. Ustekinumab is a human monoclonal antibody directed against the p40 protein subunit shared by IL-12 and IL-23, blocking the signal transmission of both cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of both Psoriasis (PsO) and Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) <h3>Objectives</h3> Evaluate the long-term efficacy of treatment with Ustekinumab in PsA patients previously treated with TNF inhibitors (TNF-i) in real life <h3>Methods</h3> We prospectively evaluated patients with PsO and moderate-severe PsA, who were treated with Ustekinumab after the failure of previous TNF-i therapies, in the period January 2013 -December 2015. Clinimetric scores (PASI, DAS44CRP, Pain VAS, Clinicians9 VAS, and HAQ) were assessed and biochemical values (ESR, CRP, glucose, cholesterol, uric acid) were measured at baseline (T0) and after 6 (T6), 12 (T12) and 24 (T24) months. Differences between variables were analysed with paired T test (P&lt;0.05 as significant) <h3>Results</h3> 36 patients (61% men; age (mean±DS): 49.7±11.4) treated with ustekinumab were evaluated (Figure 1A). In 6/36 (16.7%) patients treated with ustekinumab for &lt;12 months (mean duration: 7.5 months), a significant reduction of PASI (P=0.02) and Pain VAS (P=0.04) was observed after 6 months of treatment. In patients treated continuously for 12 months, a significant reduction of PASI (P&lt;0.0001), DAS44 (P=0.008), ESR (P=0.03), CRP (P=0.04), and HAQ (P=0.002) was achieved. At T24, a persistent reduction of PASI (P&lt;0.0001), DAS44 (P=0.04), and HAQ (P=0.02) with the rspect to T0 (Figure 1B,C,D) was maintained. Prevalence of patients on DMARDs was higher at T0 (83%) compared to the prevalence after the beginning of the ustekinumab therapy (36%). No significant differences in metabolic parameters were observed during the follow-up while a trend in reduction of uric acid resulted (2.8±2.7 at T0 vs 1±2 at T24). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Ustekinumab offers a therapeutic benefit in PsO/PsA patiens who failed TNF-i providing good clinical response both at the skin and joint level. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
WHO Declares India Free of Yaws and Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus
Authors: M.J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
First Evidence for High Incidence of Complete and Sustained Molecular Remissions and Maintenance of Immune Responses in Patients Receiving Consolidation with Y90 Ibritumomab Tiuxetan (90Y-RIT) Post R-CHOP for Newly Diagnosed Advanced Stage High and Intermediate Risk Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Nancy M Pennell, Matthew Cheung, Lisa K Hicks, Eugenia Piliotis, Kevin R Imrie, Rena Buckstein, Cindy Davidson, Mary-Anne Cussen, Zeina Ghorab, Alden Chesney, Neil L Berinstein
Journal: Blood (2011)
Sofosbuvir, Ledipasvir in IBD Treated Patients with Advanced Biologics including Ribavirin Eradicating Chronic Hepatitis C: Solataire C Trial. A Multi-Center Clinical Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: P.P. Basu, N.J. Shah, M.M. Aloysius, L. Kavali, E. Shehi, R.S. Brown
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
Neutralizing Activity of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed against the HCV Glycoprotein E2 Isolated from Patients with Spontaneously Recovery from an HCV Infection in a Single-Source Outbreak
Authors: A. Olbrich, H. Wardemann, T. Berg, C. Colpitts, T. Baumert, J. Benckert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
Veyrier-du-Lac, 1984-2000 : dix-sept ans de formation en épidémiologie d'intervention
Authors: P Malfait, B Helynck
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2001)

Au debut des annees 80, des seminaires de reflexion sur la formation des epidemiologistes en France ont mis en exergue l’insuffisance de l’enseignement de l’epidemiologie de terrain. Cette thematique etait alors novatrice, l'epidemiologie restant encore confinee au domaine de la recherche. Or, l'evolution de la pratique de la sante publique en France exigeait de plus en plus de justifier les decisions d’apres les donnees epidemiologiques et rendait necessaire le developpement d'un reseau d'epidemiologistes d'intervention formes a des methodes de travail standardisees.
Pneumonitis in Patients Treated With Anti–Programmed Death-1/Programmed Death Ligand 1 Therapy
Authors: Jarushka Naidoo, Xuan Wang, Kaitlin M. Woo, Tunc Iyriboz, Darragh Halpenny, Jane Cunningham, Jamie E. Chaft, Neil H. Segal, Margaret K. Callahan, Alexander M. Lesokhin, Jonathan Rosenberg, Martin H. Voss, Charles M. Rudin, Hira Rizvi, Xue Hou, Katherine Rodriguez, Melanie Albano, Ruth-Ann Gordon, Charles Leduc, Natasha Rekhtman, Bianca Harris, Alexander M. Menzies, Alexander D. Guminski, Matteo S. Carlino, Benjamin Y. Kong, Jedd D. Wolchok, Michael A. Postow, Georgina V. Long, Matthew D. Hellmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

Purpose Pneumonitis is an uncommon but potentially fatal toxicity of anti–programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features are poorly described. Methods Patients who received anti–PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy or in combination with anti–cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte associated antigen-4 mAb were identified at two institutions (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center: advanced solid cancers, 2009 to 2014, and Melanoma Institute of Australia: melanomas only, 2013 to 2015). Pneumonitis was diagnosed by the treating investigator; cases with confirmed malignant lung infiltration or infection were excluded. Clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of pneumonitis were collected. Associations among pneumonitis incidence, therapy received, and underlying malignancy were examined with Fisher’s exact test as were associations between pneumonitis features and outcomes. Results Of 915 patients who received anti–PD-1/PD-L1 mAbs, pneumonitis developed in 43 (5%; 95% CI, 3% to 6%; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 27 of 578 [5%]; Melanoma Institute of Australia, 16 of 337 [5%]). Time to onset of pneumonitis ranged from 9 days to 19.2 months. The incidence of pneumonitis was higher with combination immunotherapy versus monotherapy (19 of 199 [10%] v 24 of 716 [3%]; P &lt; .01). Incidence was similar in patients with melanoma and non–small-cell lung cancer (overall, 26 of 532 [5%] v nine of 209 [4%]; monotherapy, 15 of 417 v five of 152 [ P = 1.0]; combination, 11 of 115 v four of 57 [ P = .78]). Seventy-two percent (31 of 43) of cases were grade 1 to 2, and 86% (37 of 43) improved/resolved with drug holding/immunosuppression. Five patients worsened clinically and died during the course of pneumonitis treatment; proximal cause of death was pneumonitis (n = 1), infection related to immunosuppression (n = 3), or progressive cancer (n = 1). Radiologic and pathologic features of pneumonitis were diverse. Conclusion Pneumonitis associated with anti–PD-1/PD-L1 mAbs is a toxicity of variable onset and clinical, radiologic, and pathologic appearances. It is more common when anti–PD-1/PD-L1 mAbs are combined with anti–cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte associated antigen-4 mAb. Most events are low grade and improve/resolve with drug holding/immunosuppression. Rarely, pneumonitis worsens despite immunosuppression, and may result in infection and/or death.