tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reply
Authors: Christoph Schramm, Inka Wahl, Ansgar W. Lohse
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. We thank Dr. Levi Sandri for his comment and plea not to change the acronym for primary biliary cirrhosis, "PBC." PBC has been used for decades as the acronym for primary biliary cirrhosis and has not only been incorporated into textbook knowledge but also into the hearts and names of societies and patient support groups. We are fully aware of the dilemma and difficulties which a change of the disease name may cause. Both to completely rename as well as to keep the acronym but to remove the term "cirrhosis" seems to have strong pros and cons. Although it may be difficult to completely replace the name of an established disease, the renaming of vasculitis syndromes according to their etiopathogenesis, size of vessel affected, and type of inflammation demonstrated that this is in principle feasible.1 From the pathogenetic perspective a term such as autoimmune cholangitis (AC) may be more appropriate without the implication of pending cirrhosis and terminal liver disease. Another reason for defining a new term and a new acronym is that using the established acronym for a new disease term may cause confusion, for example, when looking up the acronym in textbooks or the Internet. On the other hand, keeping an established and catchy acronym such as "PBC" not only complements the other autoimmune cholestatic liver disease "PSC" but also keeps the link to existing names, institutions, and to the scientific literature. We agree with the authors that it is fundamental to hear the patients' thoughts on renaming the disease primary biliary cirrhosis since patients are the victims of inadequate naming. If the result of the ongoing discussion within the respective patient organizations was to keep the acronym this would be a strong argument. However, patient interest groups may not always reflect the views of all affected patients, and, thus, their view is one of many to be considered. If the discussion within patient groups as well as specialists results in the decision to keep the established acronym, we would like to propose as the new name of this disease "primary small bile duct cholangitis." This name would not only allow keeping the acronym "PBC" but it would at the same time remove the term "cirrhosis" and differentiate the disease from primary sclerosing cholangitis "PSC," which affects the larger intra‐ and extrahepatic bile ducts.
Extracellular vesicles derived from human vestibular schwannomas associated with poor hearing damage cochlear cells
Authors: Vitor Y. R. Soares, Nadia A. Atai, Takeshi Fujita, Sonam Dilwali, Sarada Sivaraman, Lukas D. Landegger, Fred H. Hochberg, Carlos A. P. C. Oliveira, Fayez Bahmad, Xandra O. Breakefield, Konstantina M. Stankovic
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is a tumor of the vestibular nerve that transmits balance information from the inner ear to the brain. Sensorineural hearing loss occurs in 95% of patients with these tumors, but the cause of this loss is not well understood. We posit a role of VS-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a major contributing factor in cochlear nerve damage. Using differential centrifugation, we isolated EVs from VS cell line HEI-193 and primary cultured human VS cells from patients with good hearing or poor hearing. The EVs were characterized using a Nanosight device and transmission electron microscopy and by extracting their RNA content. The EVs' effects on cultured murine spiral ganglion cells and organotypic cochlear cultures were studied using a transwell dual-culture system and by direct labeling of EVs with PKH-67 dye. EV-induced changes in cochlear cells were quantified using confocal immunohistochemistry. Transfection of VS cells with a green fluorescent protein–containing plasmid was confirmed with reverse transcription PCR. Human VS cells, from patients with poor hearing, produced EVs that could damage both cultured murine cochlear sensory cells and neurons. In contrast, EVs derived from VS cells from patients with good hearing did not damage the cultured cochlear cells. This is the first report on EVs derived from VSs and on the capacity of EVs from VSs from patients with hearing loss to selectively damage cochlear cells, thereby identifying a potential novel mechanism of VS-associated sensorineural hearing loss.
Evaluation of abiraterone acetate post-docetaxel in the Belgian compassionate use program.
Authors: Sylvie Rottey, Charles Van Praet, Fransien Van Hende, Gino Pelgrims, Wim Demey, Filip Van Aelst, Wim Wynendaele, Thierry Gil, Peter Schatteman, Bertrand Filleul, Denis C. C. Schallier, Jean-Pascal H. Machiels, Dirk L. Schrijvers, Els Grieta Everaert, Lionel A. D'Hondt, Patrick Werbrouck, Joanna Vermeij, Jeroen Mebis, Marylene Clausse, Nicolaas Lumen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e16057 Background: To assess efficacy and safety of abiraterone acetate (AA) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) previously treated with docetaxel who started treatment during the AA compassionate use program (January 2011 - July 2012). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed records from 368 patients from 23 different Belgian hospitals. All patients had mCRPC, received prior chemotherapy and started AA at the standard dose of 1000mg per day with 10mg prednisone or equivalent. Principal outcomes measured were prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response (defined as a decrease ≥ 50%), time to PSA progression (defined as an increase > 50% over PSA nadir in case of PSA response or > 25% in the absence of PSA response), time to radiographic progression (according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors 1.1 criteria), overall and cancer-specific survival and occurrence of adverse events (according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.03). Kaplan-Meier statistics were applied. Results: A PSA response ≥ 50% was observed in 131 patients (37.4%). Median time to PSA progression was 4.1 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.6 – 4.6]. Median time to radiographic progression was 5.8 months [95% CI 5.3 – 6.4]. Median overall and cancer-specific survival was 15.1 months [95% CI 13.6 – 16.6] and 16.8 months [95% CI 14.6 – 19.0] respectively. The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were anemia (13.9%), hypokalemia (7.3%), fatigue (6.8%) and pain (6.3%). Median duration of AA treatment was 5.3 months [interquartile range 2.8 – 10.3 months]. Conclusions: This real-world data on AA efficacy is in line with data from the AA phase III trial post-docetaxel. Importantly, incidence of anemia and hypokalemia is about 50% higher than reported in previous studies.
Who Should have a Prostatectomy? a Survey of the Management of Patients Presenting with Bladder Outflow Obstruction
Authors: S N Lloyd, D Kirk
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1991)

A postal questionnaire was sent to 33 urologists and to 15 general surgeons who perform prostatic surgery in Scotland. Forty-six out of 48 surgeons replied. The waiting time for outpatient consultations and waiting list statistics of the respondents were compared. Differences in access to and use of imaging, laboratory and urodynamic facilities are reported. Waiting times were affected by the individual surgeon's policy. In busy units, the desire to achieve acceptable waiting times may lead to rationing of treatment to only the most severe cases. Better provision and use of modern investigational facilities might better select those patients who will benefit most from surgical management, leading to more effective use of resources. Medical audit of surgical patients must start from the time of their referral and not confine itself to patients undergoing treatment.
A neuroprotective role for microglia in prion diseases
Authors: Caihong Zhu, Uli S. Herrmann, Jeppe Falsig, Irina Abakumova, Mario Nuvolone, Petra Schwarz, Katrin Frauenknecht, Elisabeth J. Rushing, Adriano Aguzzi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2016)

Microglial activation is a hallmark of most neurodegenerative disorders, and is particularly conspicuous in prion diseases. However, the role of microglia, which function as both primary immune effector cells and professional phagocytes in the central nervous system, remains contentious in the context of neurodegeneration. Here, we evaluated the effect of microglial depletion/deficiency on prion pathogenesis. We found that ganciclovir-mediated microglial ablation on tga20/CD11b-thymidine kinase of Herpes simplex virus (HSVTK) cerebellar organotypic cultured slices markedly aggravated prion-induced neurotoxicity. A similar deterioration of disease was recapitulated in in vivo microglial depletion in prion-infected tga20/CD11b-HSVTK mice. Additionally, deficiency of microglia in interleukin 34 knockout (IL34−/−) mice again resulted in significantly augmented proteinase K–resistant prion protein deposition and accelerated prion disease progression. These results provide unambiguous evidence for a general protective role of microglia in prion pathogenesis.
Unipolar mania: a distinct clinical entity?
Authors: J Nurnberger, S P Roose, D L Dunner, R R Fieve
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

Of the 241 lithium clinic patients at the New York State Psychiatric Institute with bipolar I affective disorder, 38 (15.7%) had never been hospitalized or somatically treated for depression. These "unipolar manic" patients had a significantly lower incidence of rapid cycling and suicide attempts than other bipolar I patients. No differences were found, however, in risk of illness in first-degree relatives. Lithium was an effective prophylactic agent in these patients. Some patients originally classified as "unipolar manic" were found to have depressive episodes with additional information and clinical observation. "Unipolar mania" appears to be a subgroup of bipolar I illness, but there are no data to support the hypothesis that it is a separate entity.
Gonadal Findings in Cryptorchid Boys with Noonan’s Phenotype
Authors: Akihiko Okuyama, Naomitsu Nishimoto, Toshiaki Yoshioka, Mikio Namiki, Hiroaki ltatani, Minato Takaha, Shutaro Mizutani, Toshihiro Aono, Keishi Matsumoto, Takao Sonoda
Journal: European Urology (1981)
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: I S Meerschwam
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

In the letter by Whyte et al., on page 2097, in the right-hand column, line 8 of the first full paragraph should have read "L1 to L4," rather than "L1 to L7," as printed.We regret the error.
Intranuclear Inclusions in Tissue Cultures Infected With Rat Virus
Authors: Clyde J. Dawe, Lawrence Kilham, Willie D. Morgan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)

Rat virus (RV), originally isolated from tumor-bearing rats by Kilham, has many properties similar to those of polyoma virus. It has not been shown to have an oncogenic effect, however. This study was undertaken to determine the response of salivary gland of the rat to RV in tissue culture. Organotypic cultures of rat submandibular glands on gelatin sponge matrix were examined histologically at intervals from 10 to 32 days after infection with RV, and were compared with uninfected control cultures. Monolayer cultures of trypsinized rat embryo infected with RV were also examined. Type-A intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in epithelial as well as connective-tissue cells in the organotypic cultures at all time intervals under study. Similar inclusions were also found in cells of fibroblastic morphology in RV-infected monolayer cultures of rat embryo. The inclusions were similar to those previously observed in organotypic cultures of mouse salivary gland infected with polyoma virus, but tended to be larger and more eosinophilic. The response to RV was predominantly cytolytic and lacked the proliferative aspect that is characteristic of the response of epithelium of mouse salivary gland infected with polyoma virus. Necrosis of connective-tissue cells in RV-infected cultures resulted in disruption of the organoid structure of explants, with regrouping of epithelium in atypical patterns. Macrophage populations were decreased in RV-infected cultures. The observations are consistent with the apparent, but not fully proved, lack of oncogenic activity of RV on rat salivary gland in vivo.
The Fukushima nuclear disaster is ongoing
Authors: Andrew R. Marks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

The 5th anniversary of the Fukushima disaster and the 30th anniversary of the Chernobyl disaster, the two most catastrophic nuclear accidents in history, both occurred recently. Images of Chernobyl are replete with the international sign of radioactive contamination (a circle with three broad spokes radiating outward in a yellow sign). In contrast, ongoing decontamination efforts at Fukushima lack international warnings about radioactivity. Decontamination workers at Fukushima appear to be poorly protected against radiation. It is almost as if the effort is to make the Fukushima problem disappear. A more useful response would be to openly acknowledge the monumental problems inherent in managing a nuclear plant disaster. Lessons from Chernobyl are the best predictors of what the Fukushima region of Japan is coping with in terms of health and environmental problems following a nuclear catastrophe.
Allied Medical Education
Authors: P O McCarthy
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Incidence, Treatment and Course Of Disease Of Patients With del5q Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) In The “pre-lenalidomide” Era In Germany. Data From The German Outpatient MDS Registry
Authors: H. Tilman Steinmetz, Isolde Böttger, Annette Sauer, Dominick Linck, Kai Severin, Ulrich Germing, Norbert Gattermann, Stephan Schmitz
Journal: Blood (2013)
Hand-Foot Syndrome in Sickle-Cell Disease
Authors: I Berkel, S Ozsoylu, B Corbacioğlu
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The 2003 European heat waves
Authors: T Kosatsky
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2005)

The current issue of Eurosurveillance updates and provides additional context to the report in early 2004 of an estimated 22 080 excess deaths in England and Wales, France, Italy and Portugal during and immediately after the heat waves of the summer of 2003 [1]. While estimates for England and Wales [2], France [3], and Portugal [4], are largely unchanged from those reported earlier, to these should be added 6595-8648 excess deaths in Spain [5], of which approximately 54% or 3574-4687 occurred in August, and 1400-2200 in the Netherlands [6], of which an estimated 500 occurred during the heat wave of 31 July-13 August. Data for Italy, provided here for the cities of Bologna, Milan, Rome, and Turin, are compatible with the earlier estimate that 3134 excess deaths occurred in the 21 Italian regional capitals during the period 1 June-15 August [1,7]; the Italian National Institute of Statistics however, reported an excess of 19 780 deaths country-wide during June-September 2003 as compared to 2002 [8]. Reports elsewhere indicate that approximately 1250 heat-related deaths occurred in Belgium during the summer of 2003 [9], that there were 975 excess deaths during June-August in Switzerland [10] and 1410 during the period August 1-24 in Baden-Württemberg, Germany [11]. At this point, it seems reasonable to speculate that with evidence of heat wave-associated deaths beyond England and Wales, France, Italy, and Portugal, the previously published estimate of 22 080 early August excess deaths should be revised upward by at least 50% for all of western Europe, and by 100% or more if heat events that occurred during June and July 2003 are also taken into account.
Depression and neuropsychological performance in asymptomatic HIV infection
Authors: R A Bornstein, P Pace, P Rosenberger, H A Nasrallah, M F Para, C C Whitacre, R J Fass
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

The authors examined the effect of depression on neuropsychological performance in HIV-infected men. Previous studies have suggested that depression may account for the neuropsychological abnormalities observed in some patients with HIV infection, but few studies have specifically examined this question.An extensive neuropsychological test battery was administered to 121 HIV-seropositive asymptomatic men and 42 HIV-seronegative comparison subjects. The seropositive subjects were grouped into depressed and non-depressed groups on the basis of scores on the Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R.Statistical comparisons revealed very few measures on which the depressed seropositive subjects scored significantly worse than either of the nondepressed comparison groups. The nondepressed seropositive group differed consistently from the seronegative comparison subjects on measures of verbal memory and dexterity.These data indicate that the subtle neuropsychological abnormalities observed in some asymptomatic HIV-seropositive subjects cannot be attributed to depression. These data also indicate the advantages of a multifaceted approach to assessment of depression.
Hepatitis-Associated Aplastic Anemia
Authors: H P Kiem, R Storb, G B McDonald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia (HAAA) is a rare illness, characterized by onset of pancytopenia with a hypoplastic bone marrow that traditionally occurs within 6 months of an increase in serum aminotransferases.HAAA is observed in 1% to 5% of all newly diagnosed cases of acquired aplastic anemia.Several hepatitis viruses have been linked to the disease, but in many cases no specific virus is detected.The exact pathophysiology is unknown; however, immune destruction of hematopoietic stem cells is believed to be the underlying mechanism.HAAA is a potentially lethal disease if left untreated.Management includes immunosuppression with antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Somatostatin
Authors: Seymour Reichlin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Function of Somatostatin in Pancreatic Islet RegulationThis subject is reviewed in detail in many reports.11–14 Somatostatin inhibits the secretion of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin itself. In turn, somatostatin secretion is stimulated by glucagon, insulin deficiency, several amino acids, glucose, several neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine and α2-agonists, and several gut peptides, including vasoactive intestinal peptide and cholecystokinin (Table 3). These findings, taken together with the fact that the D cells (cells of origin of somatostatin) are situated in intimate contact with the cells of origin of insulin (B cell) and glucagon (A cell), has led most investigators to conclude that somatostatin . . .
Fatal Abusive Head Trauma Among Children Aged &lt;5 Years — United States, 1999–2014
Authors: Erica L. Spies, Joanne Klevens
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

In the United States, abusive head trauma (AHT) is one of the leading causes of maltreatment fatalities among infants and children, accounting for approximately one third of these deaths (1). Monitoring trends in AHT and evaluating prevention strategies have historically been difficult because of differences in AHT definitions used in research and surveillance. CDC's case definition for AHT and data from the National Vital Statistics System were used to examine the trends in fatal AHT during 1999-2014 using Joinpoint trend analysis software. During this period, AHT resulted in nearly 2,250 deaths among U.S. resident children aged <5 years. Whereas rates were relatively stable during 1999-2009, there was a statistically significant average annual decline of 13.0% in fatal AHT rates during 2009-2014. The fatal AHT rates in 2013 and 2014 (0.41 and 0.43 per 100,000 children aged <5 years, respectively) were the lowest in the 16-year study period. Although this decline in AHT deaths is encouraging, more can be done to prevent AHT, including family-based interventions and policies that create safe, stable, nurturing relationships and environments for children.
Diphtheria in the south of France, March 2011
Authors: C Rousseau, E Belchior, B Broche, E Badell, N Guiso, I Laharie, O Patey, D Lévy-Bruhl
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

In March 2011, a 40 year-old French man was diagnosed with diphtheria caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Fifty-three close contacts were identified from whom throat samples were analysed. C. diphtheriae was found only in the asymptomatic partner of the index case. The two cases had travelled in Spain during the incubation period of the index case. Investigation around the second case identified 13 new close contacts. None of them was found to be infected.