tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-014 Endoscopic muscosal resection of large coloerectal polyps in a district general hospital- is it safe and efficient?
Authors: C El-Sayed, K McArdle, V Chauhan, M Cheung, M Osborne
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the UK. Most colorectal cancers are believed to arise secondary to adenomatous polyps. The removal of adenomas through endoscopy has thus reduced the incidence of colorectal cancer. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is currently the preferred method for removal of large polyps as it is safe and efficient. We conducted a study to investigate the efficiency of developing a dedicated large polyp colonoscopy list in a District General Hospital (DGH). <h3>Method</h3> All patients undergoing endoscopic removal of polyps by a single surgeon between May 2012 and December 2014 at Warwick Hospital were included in the study. Polyps measuring 1 cm and above were identified as large polyps. The average size of the polyps resected was 2.7 cm. Data collected included patients’ demographics, Paris score, complications and readmission rate related to the procedure. Outcomes were analysed retrospectively using SPSS version 22. <h3>Results</h3> Eighty-three patients were included in the study with a mean age of seventy-one years old. The average polyp size was 2.7 cm. Histology revealed 72% of specimens were TVA (tubule villous adenoma) and 0.02% were malignant requiring surgical resection. The majority of polyps were removed using EMR (80.7%). Complete resection was achieved in 69 (84%) of patients. Few patients were re-admitted following the procedure (0.06%) due to complications related to bleeding. No perforations occurred. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A dedicated large polyp endoscopy list can be performed in a DGH by an experienced endoscopist with minimal complications and readmissions. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Prandial Options to Advance Basal Insulin Glargine Therapy: Testing Lixisenatide Plus Basal Insulin Versus Insulin Glulisine Either as Basal-Plus or Basal-Bolus in Type 2 Diabetes: The GetGoal Duo-2 Trial
Authors: Julio Rosenstock, Bruno Guerci, Markolf Hanefeld, Sandro Gentile, Ronnie Aronson, Francisco J. Tinahones, Christine Roy-Duval, Elisabeth Souhami, Marek Wardecki, Jenny Ye, Riccardo Perfetti, Simon Heller
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

OBJECTIVE To provide evidence-based options on how to intensify basal insulin, we explored head-to-head prandial interventions in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on basal insulin glargine with or without 1–3 oral antidiabetic agents (OADs). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients were randomized to lixisenatide once daily or insulin glulisine given once or thrice daily, added to glargine, with or without metformin, if HbA1c remained ≥7 to ≤9% (≥53 to ≤75 mmol/mol) after 12 weeks of glargine optimization with OADs other than metformin stopped at the start of optimization. Coprimary end points at 26 weeks were 1) noninferiority (95% CI upper bound &amp;lt;0.4% [&amp;lt;4.4 mmol/mol]) in HbA1c reduction with lixisenatide versus glulisine once daily, and either 2a) noninferiority in HbA1c reduction for lixisenatide versus glulisine thrice daily or 2b) superiority in body weight change for lixisenatide versus glulisine thrice daily. Fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, composite efficacy/safety end points, and adverse events were also assessed. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were similar between arms (n = 298, diabetes and basal insulin duration of 12.2 and 3.2 years, respectively; BMI 32.2 kg/m2). HbA1c improved from 8.5% to 7.9% (69 to 63 mmol/mol) with glargine optimization and further to 7.2%, 7.2%, and 7.0% (55, 55, and 53 mmol/mol) with lixisenatide and glulisine once daily and thrice daily, respectively; all coprimary end points were met. Symptomatic hypoglycemia and body weight were lower in lixisenatide versus glulisine patients. More gastrointestinal events occurred with lixisenatide. CONCLUSIONS Short-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as add-on to basal insulin may become a preferred treatment intensification option, attaining meaningful glycemic targets with fewer hypoglycemic events without weight gain versus basal-plus or basal-bolus in uncontrolled basal insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.
Occupational Medicine
Authors: Mark R. Cullen, Martin G. Cherniack, Linda Rosenstock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Neurologic DisordersThe tendency of certain workplace toxins, including organic solvents such as n-hexane, metals such as lead and arsenic, and certain organophosphate compounds, to cause profound and occasionally irreversible damage to the axons of peripheral nerves has been known for several decades.133 The irreversible central nervous system effects of related compounds have also been well characterized in defined settings: the organic psychosis caused by the solvent carbon disulfide, the diffuse encephalopathy observed in glue sniffers exposed to toluene, and the devastating consequences of lead intoxication in children, for example.134 135 136 In the past several years a new and far . . .
Abstract P4-11-05: Safety of fertility preservation indicated by a diagnosis of breast cancer: A Swedish registry-matched cohort study
Authors: KA Rodriguez-Wallberg, S Eloranta, K Krawiec, A Lissmats, A Liljegren
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Purpose The number of women that perform fertility preservation (FP) before initiating chemotherapy for treatment of breast cancer is increasing. Our purpose was to investigate the safety of performance of fertility preservation with and without hormonal stimulation in the incidence rate of breast cancer relapse. Patients and methods The study was designed as a matched cohort study. Women who had undergone FP at the Reproductive Medicine clinic of Karolinska University Hospital (N=187), irrespective of whether hormonal stimulation was required or not, were considered exposed. For all exposed women, two age-matched women who had not undergone fertility preservation were identified in the Regional Breast Cancer Registry Stockholm-Gotland and the Swedish National Quality Registry for Breast Cancer (N=319). The proportional hazards assumption was evaluated by applying the Grambsch-Therneau test on the Schoenfeld residuals obtained from each model, respectively. When interpreting the test results, a significance level of 5% was used to determine statistical significance. Results In the exposed cohort, a higher proportion of women underwent FP with hormonal stimulation aiming at freezing eggs or embryos (81%, N=142), whereas only 19% underwent freezing of ovarian tissue or attempted egg retrieval without hormonal stimulation (N=35). The mean follow up time was 6.3 years (range: 1.5-17.8 years), and median follow-up: 5.7 years. There was no evidence of non-proportional hazards with respect to the effects of fertility preservation on the risk of relapse in the whole FP cohort, irrespective if the women underwent hormonal stimulation or not for FP, or of receptor status or tumour size at diagnosis. A stratified Cox regression model that allowed separate baseline hazard functions for each level for the investigation of the effect of number of involved lymph nodes was performed. In this model, the effect of fertility preservation on the risk of relapse was virtually unchanged (IRR: 1.02, 95% CI:0.56-1.84). Conclusion Fertility preservation either using hormone stimulation or not is unlikely to cause substantially increase recurrence risk of breast cancer, and irrespective of the receptor status, tumorur size of lymph node compromise. The incidence of breast cancer relapse after hormonal or non-hormonal fertility preservation was not different from that of matched controls from the Regional Breast Cancer Registry in this large cohort study. Citation Format: Rodriguez-Wallberg KA, Eloranta S, Krawiec K, Lissmats A, Liljegren A. Safety of fertility preservation indicated by a diagnosis of breast cancer: A Swedish registry-matched cohort study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-11-05.
The Statistical Association Between Smoking and Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Sadowsky, Doris A., Gilliam, Alexander G., Cornfield, Jerome
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1953)

Journal Article The Statistical Association Between Smoking and Carcinoma of the Lung Get access Doris A. Sadowsky, Doris A. Sadowsky Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alexander G. Gilliam, Alexander G. Gilliam Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jerome Cornfield Jerome Cornfield National Cancer Institute2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 13, Issue 5, April 1953, Pages 1237–1258, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/13.5.1237 Published: 01 April 1953 Article history Received: 24 October 1952 Published: 01 April 1953
The measles situation in Austria: a rapid risk assessment by an ECDC team and the outcome of an international meeting in Vienna, Austria
Authors: R Strauss, P Kreidl, M Muscat, D Coulombier, M Mulders, A Gijsens, C König, J Stirling, G El Belazi, R Muchl, P Feierabend, H Holzmann, I Mutz, H Hrabcik
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

For the last three years, Austria has been considered a low-moderate incidence country (&lt; 1/100,000/year) for measles [1] and the last significant measles outbreak occurred in 2003 involving 64 cases [2].
Diagnostic classification through content analysis of patients' speech
Authors: T E Oxman, S D Rosenberg, P P Schnurr, G J Tucker
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

Speech samples from 71 patients in four diagnostic groups were analyzed by two quantitative methods of speech content analysis, the results of which were entered into a discriminant analysis to test whether patients could be accurately classified back into their appropriate diagnostic groups. These classifications were compared with classifications made by two psychiatrists, blind to the patients' diagnoses, who read transcripts of the speech samples. The results suggest that data from the systematic quantification of lexical choice can be used to classify patients into their respective diagnostic groups and that this classification compares favorably with that done by psychiatric raters.
Ten-session Consultant Contract
Authors: I. Bouchier, L. Beilin, J. Lorber, W. Greig, R. Shanks, R. Lowe, C. White
Journal: BMJ (1973)

FEBRuARY 1973 scribed in the subchondral osseous plate and trabecular bone' were present in all 17 patellae.Although the treatment is problematical, promising results have been obtained with graduated quadriceps exercises and intra- muscular nandrolone propionate.-Weare, etc.,
Abstract P2-03-07: Rhythmic time oscillations of microRNAs in human breast epithelial normal and cancer cell lines
Authors: RJ Chacolla, VM Trevino, SP Scott, JE Moreno
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Diverse molecular mechanisms are being reported in human breast cancer (BC), which can affect the biochemical functions throughout malignant cells development. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are an emerging class of modulators of gene expression with relevant roles in several biological processes, as oncogenic, tumor-suppressive, and metastatic-influencing in BC cells. Recently, a few reports have implied the possible pattern of expression (time oscillation) of miRNAs in time that may be related to molecular changes in mammalian cells. These findings suggest a biological connection among normal and cancer cells, and rhythmic regulation of some miRNAs, but such connection has not yet been studied. In this study, we aimed to identify and compare the rhythmic expression of miRNAs in human breast epithelial normal and cancer cell lines. METHODS: We used cell culture to explore three cell lines, one breast epithelial normal (MCF10A) and two cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) cell lines under standard growth conditions in vitro. The cells were synchronized by serum shock (50% horse serum for 2 h), and we collected sample cells (triplicate) for intervals of 4 hours during 48 hours. Collected cells at 12h to 40h (8 time-points) were genome-wide analyzed of miRNA expression using high-throughput Agilent Human miRNA microarray of 2006 human miRNAs. Analysis for identification of rhythmic miRNAs was developed by cosine analysis in R software. RESULTS: We observed diverse oscillation patterns (minimum 6 patterns, i.e. cosine or sine oscillation) of miRNAs in cell lines. Each cell line shows approximately 85 miRNAs with rhythmic oscillation. These also showed distinct phases between cell lines, which could suggest as part of molecular changes in breast normal and cancer cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that miRNAs may present rhythmic oscillation in the regulation of molecular changes of human breast normal and cancer cells. Citation Format: Chacolla RJ, Trevino VM, Scott SP, Moreno JE. Rhythmic time oscillations of microRNAs in human breast epithelial normal and cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-03-07.
The Treatment of Rheumatism by Salicin and Salicylic Acid
Authors: T. Maclagan
Journal: BMJ (1876)

alppearance of the meneses.Thle -cllneral coniditionis were in this way, after a time, much improved ; but all attempts at walking or effort again displaced the uterus; so at last I adapted the combination of the instruiments Nos.i andI 4, as represented in Fig. 5.It was worn for about six months, and then the uterus had so far recovered its fixed normal position, that wearing the gutta-percha vaginal support, figured in the first illustration to this paper, was sufficient to effect a satisfac- tory cure.In concluding this paper, which I have enideavoured to coimpress into the smallest possible limits, let me say that I deprecate, in the strongest manner, the nimiZia dfilZo-enzlia in the mechanical treatment of uterine (lisease genierally.I am strongly of opinion that an endeavour to correct the local trotuble should always be made in the first place, by treatment directed to correct the general state of liealth, and only when this, unaided, has failed, should local treatment, involving manual or operative interference with the parts, be attempted.Generally speaking, the speculum shoulcd never be used, unless local medication, first by the patient herself, has failed to arrest the abnormal discharges ; the sound should never be introduced unless there be presumptive evidence of uterine displacement or subinvolution; and, finally, let me say, me- chanical treatment of every kind should certainly be withheld in all cases, until relief by rest, position, and local medication has failed to be afforded.The diagnosis in all cases should be strictly iniductive under no circumstances either speculative or experimental.
LFA-1-Mediated Adhesion Of Human Hematopoietic Progenitors To Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Enhances B-Lineage Differentiation Toward CD19+ ProB Cells, While The Generation Of CD7+CD56-CD45RA+ Multipotent Lymphoid and CD10+CD19- B-Biased Progenitors Is Supported By Soluble Factors Produced From Stromal Cells
Authors: Hirohito Minami, Kohshi Ohishi, Yoshiki Nakamori, Masahiro Masuya, Naoyuki Katayama
Journal: Blood (2013)
Current Patterns of Care for Patients with Extensive-Stage SCLC: Survey of U.S. Radiation Oncologists on Their Recommendations Regarding Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation
Authors: Aditya Jain, Jia Luo, Yiyi Chen, Mark A. Henderson, Charles R. Thomas, Timur Mitin
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)
Octreotide for Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia
Authors: Federica Paglia, Simona Dionisi, Salvatore Minisola
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

To the Editor: The report by Walsh et al. (Jan.24 issue) 1 of a trial of voriconazole, as compared with liposomal amphotericin B, for patients with neutropenia and persistent fever and the accompanying editorial and letter to the editor 2,3 leave many questions about what the trial actually demonstrated and how the findings should be applied.The abstract implies that the study showed equivalence and concludes, "Voriconazole is a suitable alternative to amphotericin B preparations."Yet the text and the accompanying editorial point out that the prespecified statistical criterion for equivalence was not met.To confuse the issue further, correspondents from the Food and Drug Administration provide alternative data, indicating that voriconazole was actually statistically inferior to liposomal amphotericin B with respect to overall success rates. 3Thus, whether the study showed equivalence, near equivalence, or frank inferiority remains unclear.Even if equivalence had been demonstrated, the clinical implications of the findings would remain uncertain.Therapeutic decision making must take into account not just efficacy and safety, as emphasized in the editorial, 2 but also cost.Avoidance of toxic effects may allow a net cost savings despite higher drug acquisition costs, 4 but that possibility requires empirical demonstration.
Randomized phase II study of GS-4774 as a therapeutic vaccine in virally suppressed patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Anna S. Lok, Calvin Q. Pan, Steven-Huy B. Han, Huy N. Trinh, W. Jeffrey Fessel, Timothy Rodell, Benedetta Massetto, Lanjia Lin, Anuj Gaggar, G. Mani Subramanian, John G. McHutchison, Carlo Ferrari, Hannah Lee, Stuart C. Gordon, Edward J. Gane
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
A view of the prospective child psychiatrist
Authors: S H Weissman, P G Bashook
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

A questionnaire distributed to the 1,033 medical students who matched into postgraduate year 1 psychiatric positions in 1982 and 1983 obtained data on personal characteristics, career plans before entering medical school, future career plans, attitudes toward personal psychotherapy, and plans for psychotherapy or psychoanalysis during residency. The results for the 579 residents (56%) who responded are reported. The authors explore differences and similarities between respondents who planned to go into general or child psychiatry as they began general psychiatric residency training. They found two clusters of prospective child psychiatrists: one psychoanalytically oriented and the other eclectically oriented. The authors discuss the implications of this clustering.
Assessing the Causal Relationship of Maternal Height on Birth Size and Gestational Age at Birth: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Ge Zhang, Jonas Bacelis, Candice Lengyel, Kari Teramo, Mikko Hallman, Øyvind Helgeland, Stefan Johansson, Ronny Myhre, Verena Sengpiel, Pål Rasmus Njølstad, Bo Jacobsson, Louis Muglia
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2015)

Background Observational epidemiological studies indicate that maternal height is associated with gestational age at birth and fetal growth measures (i.e., shorter mothers deliver infants at earlier gestational ages with lower birth weight and birth length). Different mechanisms have been postulated to explain these associations. This study aimed to investigate the casual relationships behind the strong association of maternal height with fetal growth measures (i.e., birth length and birth weight) and gestational age by a Mendelian randomization approach. Methods and Findings We conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis using phenotype and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data of 3,485 mother/infant pairs from birth cohorts collected from three Nordic countries (Finland, Denmark, and Norway). We constructed a genetic score based on 697 SNPs known to be associated with adult height to index maternal height. To avoid confounding due to genetic sharing between mother and infant, we inferred parental transmission of the height-associated SNPs and utilized the haplotype genetic score derived from nontransmitted alleles as a valid genetic instrument for maternal height. In observational analysis, maternal height was significantly associated with birth length (p = 6.31 × 10−9), birth weight (p = 2.19 × 10−15), and gestational age (p = 1.51 × 10−7). Our parental-specific haplotype score association analysis revealed that birth length and birth weight were significantly associated with the maternal transmitted haplotype score as well as the paternal transmitted haplotype score. Their association with the maternal nontransmitted haplotype score was far less significant, indicating a major fetal genetic influence on these fetal growth measures. In contrast, gestational age was significantly associated with the nontransmitted haplotype score (p = 0.0424) and demonstrated a significant (p = 0.0234) causal effect of every 1 cm increase in maternal height resulting in ~0.4 more gestational d. Limitations of this study include potential influences in causal inference by biological pleiotropy, assortative mating, and the nonrandom sampling of study subjects. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the observed association between maternal height and fetal growth measures (i.e., birth length and birth weight) is mainly defined by fetal genetics. In contrast, the association between maternal height and gestational age is more likely to be causal. In addition, our approach that utilizes the genetic score derived from the nontransmitted maternal haplotype as a genetic instrument is a novel extension to the Mendelian randomization methodology in casual inference between parental phenotype (or exposure) and outcomes in offspring.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants in rural Nepal
Authors: Helen Y. Chu, Joanne Katz, James Tielsch, Subarna K. Khatry, Laxman Shrestha, Steven C. LeClerq, Amalia Magaret, Jane Kuypers, Mark Steinhoff, Janet A. Englund
Journal: Journal of Infection (2016)

ObjectivesRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia is a leading cause of infant mortality worldwide. The risk of RSV infection associated with preterm birth is not well-characterized in resource-limited settings. We aimed to obtain precise estimates of risk factors and disease burden of RSV in infants in rural southern Nepal.MethodsPregnant women were enrolled, and along with their infants, followed to six months after birth with active weekly home-based surveillance for acute respiratory illness (ARI). Mid-nasal swabs were obtained and tested for RSV by PCR for all illness episodes. Birth outcomes were assessed at a postpartum home visit.Results311 (9%) of 3509 infants had an RSV ARI. RSV ARI incidence decreased from 551/1000 person-years in infants born between 28 and 31 weeks to 195/1000 person-years in infants born full-term (p = 0.017). Of 220 infants (71%) evaluated in the health system, 41 (19%) visited a hospital or physician. Of 287 infants with an assessment performed, 203 (71%) had a lower respiratory tract infection.ConclusionsIn a rural south Asian setting with intensive home-based surveillance, RSV caused a significant burden of respiratory illness. Preterm infants had the highest incidence of RSV ARI, and should be considered a priority group for RSV preventive interventions in resource-limited settings.