tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The ketogenic diet, an effective alternative therapy for brain cancer
Authors: Weihua Zhou, Purna Mukherjee, Michael Kiebish, William Markis, John Mantis, Thomas Seyfried
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA

4466 

Normal brain cells can metabolize both glucose and ketone bodies for energy in contrast to brain tumors, which lack metabolic flexibility and are largely dependent on glucose for growth and survival. This study evaluated the efficacy of KetoCal®, a new commercially prepared high fat/low carbohydrate ketogenic diet for children with epilepsy, on the growth and vascularity of a mouse astrocytoma (CT-2A) and a human glioma (U87-MG). KetoCal® was administered to adult mice in restricted amounts to reduce body weight by approximately 20%. KetoCal® significantly decreased the intracerebral growth of the CT-2A and U87-MG tumors by about 65% and 35%, respectively, and significantly enhanced health and survival relative to that of the control group receiving a standard low fat/high carbohydrate diet. The KetoCal® diet reduced plasma glucose levels while elevating plasma ketone body (b-hydroxybutyrate) levels. Tumor microvessel density was less in the restricted KetoCal® group than in the control group. Moreover, gene expression for b-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and succinyl-CoA: 3-ketoacid CoA transferase, key enzymes for ketone body metabolism, was lower in the tumors than in the contra lateral normal brain, suggesting that these brain tumors have reduced ability to metabolize ketone bodies for energy. These results indicate that KetoCal® has anti-tumor and antiangiogenic effects in experimental mouse and human brain tumors and should be clinically effective for managing malignant brain cancer in humans.
Effects of Sublingual Administration of Nitroglycerin on Pulmonary-Artery Pressure in Patients with Failure of the Left Ventricle
Authors: John B. Johnson, Jean F. Gross, Edward Hale
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

CHEST discomfort associated with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is frequently quite distressing, and some patients describe this discomfort as pain.1 During the past several years, we have noted in the outpatient cardiac clinic of Freedmen's Hospital that patients have reported immediate relief of this chest discomfort, as well as the associated dyspnea, after sublingual administration of nitroglycerin. As a result of this, we were led to study the effect of sublingual administration of nitroglycerin on the pulmonary-artery pressure in patients with failure of the left ventricle. A preliminary statement of this effect has been published earlier from this laboratory.2 This paper . . .
Visual Lung-Sound Characterization by Time-Expanded Wave-Form Analysis
Authors: Raymond L. H. Murphy, Stephen K. Holford, William C. Knowler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

To characterize lung sounds objectively, we examined, by means of time-amplitude plots, selected tape recordings of auscultatory phenomena considered by six observers to be typical of those in a standard classification. Normal lung sounds could not consistently be visually distinguished from adventitious sounds at conventional chart recorder speeds of 100 mm per second or less, but the differentiation was easily achieved when the time scale of the plots was raised to 800 mm per second. When discontinuous sounds (rales, crackles or crepitations) were heard clinically, the time-expanded wave forms showed intermittent "discontinuous" deflections usually less than 10 msec in duration. When continuous sounds (rhonchi or wheezes) were heard, the deflections were usually more than 250 msec. Time-expanded wave-form analysis provides reproducible visual displays that allow documentation of the differentiating features of lung sounds and enhances the diagnostic utility of the sounds. (N Engl J Med 296:968–971, 1977)
Immunologic Infertility: Identification of Patients with Antisperm Antibody
Authors: Gilbert G. Haas, Douglas B. Cines, Alan D. Schreiber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Immunologic causes of infertility have been postulated for many years, but a precise means for identification of men or women with antibodies against sperm has not been available. We studied 614 patients, including 257 couples, with unexplained in fertility, to detect the presence of circulating antisperm antibody. Using a specific radiolabeled-antiglobulin test, we identified a subset of patients (10 per cent) with IgG antisperm antibody; this antibody was present in 13 per cent of the women and 7 per cent of the men. We followed the course of six infertile couples in whom one partner had sperm antibody. In four couples, pregnancy was achieved; pregnancy correlated with resolution of antibody activity. In two of these four couples the partner (one man and one woman) with antisperm activity had been pretreated with corticosteroids. We conclude that this objective test may be used to identify and then to help manage infertility in patients with suspected antibody-mediated infertility.
Aortic Stenosis of No Physiologic Significance
Authors: Ernest W. Hancock, William M. Madison, Munro H. Proctor, Walter H. Abelmann, George W. B. Starkey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THE clinical diagnosis of aortic stenosis remains a difficult problem in many cases, despite recent advances in knowledge of this condition. The classic signs are familiar: a loud, rough aortic systolic murmur transmitted to the neck; a coarse aortic and carotid systolic thrill; a diminished or absent aortic second sound; a "pulsus parvus et longus," or an anacrotic pulse; a narrow pulse pressure; electrocardiographic evidence of hypertrophy of the left ventricle; and roentgenographic evidence of enlargement of the left ventricle and calcification of the aortic valve. Retrospective studies of pathologically proved cases, however, have shown that this classic picture is . . .
Marisa Eve Girawong
Authors: Jasmin Malik
Journal: BMJ (2016)

It was impossible not to smile when in the presence of Marisa Eve Girawong. Her compassion and love for life were evident from the moment you met her, and the light she cast never seemed to fade. You knew instantly that you were in the presence of one of the kindest and most genuine of souls.

Eve was born on 24 December 1986. She was the beloved daughter of Akom and Veeruda, sister of Farida and Chris, and sister in law of Arthur. Friendships she formed simply became an extension of her family, and all loved her dearly. She grew up in Queens, New York, and later moved to Edison, New Jersey. Having graduated from Rutgers University with a degree in biology, she went on to complete physician assistant studies at St Francis University and the John Stroger Hospital in Chicago, where she also completed …
Zoledronic acid induces anti-cancer effects on prostate cancer cells through the modulation of the angiogenesis associated CYR61 and the androgen-differentiation associated NDRG-1 genes
Authors: G. Tonini, B. Vincenzi, M. Marra, A. Baldi, S. Addeo, M. Loeffler, M. Rosolowski, A. Budillon, M. Caraglia, D. Santini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

21079 Background: Aminobisphosphonates (ABPs) has a definite direct anti-tumour activity but a limited activity in vivo. Their molecular targets are still not completely defined. Therefore, we have studied the effects of zoledronic acid (ZOL) addition to prostate cancer PC3 cells on gene expression profile. Methods: We have treated PC3 cells with 100 μM ZOL for 24 hours, extracted mRNAs and probed on Affimetrix HG-U133. Thereafter, we have identified down modulated and upregulated genes and checked for modulation of mRNA with RT PCR and of the relative encoded proteins with western blotting. Results: We have found 6 down modulated and 32 upregulated genes. We have focused our attention on NDRG1 associated to the androgen-differentiation and on Cysteine rich 61 (CYR61) involved in the regulation of proliferation and angiogenesis. NDRG1 mRNA was up-regulated and CYR61 mRNA was downregulated by ZOL in a dose-dependent manner. Similar effects were observed at protein product levels with an about 2-fold change recorded already in cells treated with 50 μM ZOL. Interestingly, also Gefitinib, Sorafenib and Tipifarnib used at their IC:50s could induce changes in both NDRG1 and CYR61 expression, but 50 μM ZOL was about 2-fold more potent. On the other hand, cytotoxic agents such as docetaxel did not have any effect. The addition of farnesol (FOH) or geranylgeraniol (GGOH) to ZOL-treated cells was able to counteract the effect of ZOL on CYR61 expression partially or completely, respectively. On the other hand, both FOH and GGOH had poor effect on the regulation of NDRG1 expression induced by ZOL. Conclusions: ZOL induces a strong regulation of the expression of NDRG1 and CYR61 at both mRNA and protein levels that appears to be dose-dependent and specific. CYR61 modulation seems to be more dependent from the inhibition of geranylgeranylation processes while NDRG1 changes could be at least in part independent from the inhibition of isoprenylation induced by ZOL. The study of the biological relevance of these effects on the anti-cancer effects of ZOL is ongoing with small interference RNA approaches. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Case 33-1993
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Richard S. Blumberg, Carolyn C. Compton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Presentation of CaseA 50-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of fever of unknown origin and diarrhea.The patient had been in stable health until three months earlier, when fever and diarrhea developed while he was on a camping trip in Morocco. The fever subsided after five days, recurred one week later, and subsided again in one week after the administration of an unknown antibiotic. Six weeks before entry, intermittent fever recurred, with the temperature rising to 39.4 °C and with chills, malaise, and diarrhea. The fever usually began in the afternoon, worsened at night, and subsided in . . .
The Development of Anatomical Laws in the States of New England
Authors: Frederick C. Waite
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

RECORDS of human dissection in classical Greece and Rome are scanty. Traditions exist that some physicians of the era of Hippocrates, among them Democritus, dissected the human body, but little accurate knowledge of the structure and arrangement of the internal human organs is found in the writings before the Christian Era. The details of human anatomy were inferred from dissection of domestic animals, some differing widely from man in structure. Galen is reported to have dissected monkeys, which are primates, resembling man in structure, that were household pets in Rome in his time.The most considerable addition to the knowledge . . .
Abstract IA13: Preclinical development of a humanized anti-CD47 antibody targeting AML stem cells.
Authors: Ravi Majeti
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is organized as a cellular hierarchy initiated and maintained by rare self-renewing leukemia stem cells (LSC), which must be eliminated in order to cure the patient. We originally identified increased expression of CD47 on human AML LSC compared to their normal counterparts. CD47 is a widely expressed cell surface protein that functions as a regulator of phagocytosis mediated by cells of the innate immune system, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. CD47 serves as the ligand for a receptor on these innate immune cells, SIRP-alpha, which in turn delivers an inhibitory signal for phagocytosis. In this way, CD47 essentially functions as a “don't eat me” signal. We previously found increased expression of CD47 on primary human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) stem cells, and demonstrated that blocking monoclonal antibodies directed against CD47 enabled the phagocytosis and elimination of AML, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and many solid tumors in xenograft models. These results established CD47 as a promising clinical therapeutic antibody target for human AML and other cancers. Towards this goal, we have now developed a novel humanized anti-CD47 antibody with potent efficacy and favorable toxicokinetic properties as a candidate human therapeutic. A novel monoclonal anti-human CD47 antibody, 5F9, was generated, and antibody humanization was carried out by grafting its complementarity determining regions (CDRs) onto a human IgG4 format. The resulting humanized 5F9 antibody (Hu5F9-G4) bound monomeric human CD47 with an 8 nM affinity. Hu5F9-G4 induced potent macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of primary human AML cells in vitro and completely eradicated human AML in vivo, leading to long-term disease-free survival of patient-derived xenografts. Moreover, Hu5F9-G4 synergized with rituximab to eliminate NHL engraftment and cure xenografted mice. Finally, toxicokinetic studies in non-human primates showed that Hu5F9-G4 could be safely administered intravenously at doses able to achieve potentially therapeutic serum levels. Thus, Hu5F9-G4 is actively being developed for clinical trials in human cancers including AML. Citation Format: Ravi Majeti. Preclinical development of a humanized anti-CD47 antibody targeting AML stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(17 Suppl):Abstract nr IA13.
Treatment of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Theodore Ehrenreich, Jerome G. Porush, Jacob Churg, Lawrence Garfinkel, Sheldon Glabman, Marvin H. Goldstein, Edith Grishman, Stuart L. Yunis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

In a retrospective study of the effect of treatment in biopsy-proved idiopathic membranous nephropathy, 91 adults and 12 children were followed for periods up to 29 years after clinical onset (mean, 6.5 years). Forty-four were treated with corticosteroids, 15 with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants; 44 had no treatment and served as a control group. Clinical cure and improvement were significantly greater in the treated than in the nontreated group (P less than 0.01). The recurrence rate, occurrence of renal failure and probability of death were significantly greater in the nontreated group, although some of these patients eventually showed improvement. Prognosis was better in patients who responded to therapy. These data strongly suggest that steroid therapy is beneficial in patients with membranous nephropathy.
Social networks and psychopathology among substance abusers
Authors: J Westermeyer, J Neider
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

The authors studied the social networks and psychopathology of 168 patients with diagnoses of substance abuse. Small network size was correlated with higher scores on the Modified Michigan Alcohol-Drug Screening Test, higher symptom reports on the SCL-90 and the Beck Depression Inventory, and more observed psychopathology according to the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Larger network size was correlated with better functioning according to the Global Assessment Scale and DSM-III axis V. The authors conclude that such symptom complexes as paranoia and phobia may undermine the social networks of substance abusers more than such symptom complexes as anxiety and depression.
Evaluation of Chloramphenicol and Ampicillin in Salmonella Enteric Fever
Authors: R. Paul Robertson, Mohammed Fathy Abdel Wahab, Frank O. Raasch, John Avery, Ralph Anderson, Charles Owens, Thomas Reid
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

The relative efficacy of chloramphenicol and ampicillin, given by mouth both separately and simultaneously, was studied in 289 patients with either salmonella enteric fever or nonspecific enteric fever. Bone-marrow culture was the most sensitive diagnostic tool. Ampicillin was effective in 77 per cent of the acute cases of salmonella enteric fever treated, whereas chloramphenicol and combined therapy were effective in all such cases treated. The two groups given ampicillin had fewer relapses and carriers than the chloramphenicol group. In the acute cases of nonspecific enteric fever each drug regimen worked equally well, with no treatment failures, relapses or carriers. Overt hemolytic anemias occurred in three chloramphenicol-treated typhoid patients who were also deficient in G-6-PD. There was only one classic typhoidal complication and no mortality. It is concluded that chloramphenicol remains the most effective drug in oral treatment of acute salmonella enteric fever and that ampicillin is an effective alternative drug.
Studies of Carotid-Artery Blood Flow in Man
Authors: William H. Hardesty, Brooke Roberts, James F. Toole, Henry P. Royster
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

DESPITE general interest in the physiology of the carotid circulation of man, there is little precise information about blood flow through these vessels. Neurosurgeons have long been accustomed to ligating the common carotid artery in the neck for intracranial vascular abnormalities, but controversy still exists regarding direction and volume of external and internal carotid-artery flow thereafter. More recently internists, neurologists and vascular surgeons have exhibited increasing interest in diseases of the internal carotid artery and in collateral circulation through the external carotid artery that may compensate for it. Therefore, it seemed appropriate to undertake an investigation of the hemodynamics of . . .
Hepatotoxicity of Saccharin
Authors: Francesco Negro, Alessandra Mondardini, Franco Palmas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: Saccharin is not known to alter liver function1–4. We report on a patient who had elevated serum concentrations of liver enzymes after the oral administration of three different drugs, of which saccharin was the only common constituent. Reexposure to pure saccharin supported its role in the pathogenesis of liver damage in this patient. A 70-year-old woman being evaluated for chronic fatigue was found to have increased levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (306 U per liter), alanine aminotransferase (247 U per liter), γ-glutamyltransferase (1000 U per liter), and alkaline phosphatase (478 U per liter). The patient . . .
<i>Pasteurella multocida</i>Infections in Man
Authors: Morton N. Swartz, Lawrence J. Kunz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

BECAUSE disease due to Pasteurella multocida is beingeing more frequently diagnosed in man, and because the treatment of such infection is somewhat unusual (penicillin for an infection due to a -ramnegative bacillus), we wish to report 2 cases and to prese t a brief re ofw of the literature on this subject.In 1878 Kitt first isolated a bacte ium of the pasteurella group during an epidemic disease among wild hogs, and two years later, Pasteur described the organism that causes fowl cholera. Subsequently, bacteria indistinguishable culturally from those causing fowl cholera were found in rabbit septicemia, swine plague and . . .
Acanthamoeba Keratitis among Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lens Wearers in the United States, 2005 through 2011
Authors: Jennifer R. Cope, Sarah A. Collier, Oliver D. Schein, Allison C. Brown, Jennifer R. Verani, Rachel Gallen, Michael J. Beach, Jonathan S. Yoder
Journal: Ophthalmology (2016)
ANGI-12EFFICACY OF THE PENTRA<sup>®</sup>BODY DLX1008, A MONOVALENT ANTIBODY FRAGMENT WITH LOW PICOMOLAR AFFINITY TO VEGF-A, IN HUMAN GLIOMA MODELS<i>IN VITRO</i>AND<i>IN VIVO</i>
Authors: Emese Szabo, Douglas Phillips, Japar Shamshiev, Miriam Steinwand, Nicole Dreier, AnnaBianca Howald, Marco Landi, Andrea Marti, Camilla Winnewisser, Julia Molitor, Titus Kretzschmar, Michael Weller
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Angiogenesis mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a hallmark of glioblastoma. Moreover, VEGF may exert tumor-intrinsic survival properties mediated both by VEGF receptors 1 and 2. Although various VEGF inhibitors have shown limited clinical activity in glioblastoma, notably determined by responses on neuroimaging and prolongation of progression-free survival (PFS), no VEGF antagonist has so far been demonstrated to unequivocally improve overall survival in any clinical setting in glioblastoma. Based on response rates and improved PFS, although not overall survival (OS), the 149 kDa anti-VEGF-A IgG antibody bevacizumab (Avastin®) is approved in the US and Japan for recurrent glioblastoma and in Japan for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. However, it is not approved in the EU. Here we characterize DLX1008, a 26 kDa anti-VEGF-A single chain antibody fragment which binds with 22 pM and 27 pM affinity to mouse and human VEGF-A, respectively. In vitro, in a tube formation assay with human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (HCMEC), it was demonstrated that DLX1008 is at least as active as Avastin®. In addition, DLX1008 showed superiority to Avastin® in the inhibition of VEGF-A binding to VEGF-R1 in ELISA by a factor of around 10. In vivo, DLX1008 significantly improved survival in a mouse orthotopic U87 xenograft model compared to vehicle control (p = 0.00026) and significantly inhibited tumor growth in a mouse subcutaneous U87 xenograft model compared to vehicle control (p = 0.0021). In summary, these data warrant further clinical development of DLX1008 in a biomarker-driven approach to glioblastoma. DLX1008 may provide improved clinical benefit in glioblastoma, especially in overall survival, due to higher affinity and smaller size leading to improved tumor penetration.
Case 29-1984
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Presentation of Case A 21-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of fever and facial diplegia. He was well until 10 days earlier, when he began to have a severe headache. Eight days before admission he sustained a severe sunburn of the dorsal area, and his temperature rose to 38.3°C. On the following day the headache subsided, but fever continued with the temperature at 37.8°C. Six days before entry he noticed blisters over the sunburned area, followed by desquamation; a transient pruritic, urticarial-appearing rash occurred on his waist, groins, and wrists. On the following day a physician found that . . .