tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recovery and relapse from major depressive disorder in the elderly
Authors: G A Hinrichsen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

Results from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Collaborative Study of the Psychobiology of Depression raised serious concerns about the longer-term prognosis for major depressive disorder in younger persons. However, little research has examined the prognosis for major depressive disorder in the elderly despite suggestions that they have poorer clinical outcomes than younger adults. The objective of this study was to 1) document rates of recovery and relapse from major depressive disorder in a large group of inpatient elderly and 2) compare recovery and relapse rates from major depressive disorder in the elderly with those in a mixed-age patient group from the NIMH collaborative study.The psychiatric status of 127 elderly inpatients diagnosed with major depressive disorder by Research Diagnostic Criteria was evaluated for 1 year. The same diagnostic and follow-up method to assess psychiatric symptoms employed in the NIMH study were used.One year after study admission, 72% of elderly patients had recovered. Nineteen percent of recovered patients, however, had a subsequent episode of major depressive disorder. Recovery and relapse rates in the elderly did not significantly differ from those reported for the mixed-age group in the NIMH study.It is erroneous to single out the elderly as being more likely to have poorer longitudinal treatment outcomes than others. Study findings indicate the need for continued refinement of somatic and nonsomatic treatments for the elderly to improve rates of sustained recovery from depression.
Effects of Acute and Chronic Digoxin Administration in Dogs with Right-Sided Congestive Heart Failure Produced by Pulmonary Artery Constriction
Authors: JAMES O. DAVIS, DAVID S. HOWELL, ROBERT E. HYATT, ALFKED CASPEU
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

Acute and chronic responses to digoxin have been studied in dogs with cardiac failure secondary to constriction of the pulmonary artery. Cardiovascular and renal hemodynamic function improved and, frequently, a striking increase in sodium (Na) excretion resulted. The data suggest a direct myocardial action of digoxin and provide evidence of impaired myocardial function similar to that observed in patients with congestive heart failure.
Palliative Care
Authors: R. Sean Morrison, Diane E. Meier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

An 85-year-old man with New York Heart Association class IV heart failure, hypertension, and moderate Alzheimer's disease, who lives at home with his 84-year-old wife, is admitted to the hospital after a hip fracture. His postoperative course is complicated by pneumonia, delirium, pressure ulcers on his heels and sacrum, and weight loss. What might the patient's physician do to address his needs, alleviate his suffering, and facilitate his discharge from the hospital and his care at home?
Electroconvulsive treatment of psychotic self-injurious behavior in a patient with severe mental retardation
Authors: W J Bates, D J Smeltzer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

This report describes a severely retarded adult patient whose self-injurious behavior became acutely life threatening. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was prohibited by law, but it was administered after the law was judged unconstitutional. The patient's response to ECT was excellent, and there were no adverse consequences.
Identification of a Novel Toll‐like Receptor 7 Endogenous Ligand in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fluid That Can Provoke Arthritic Joint Inflammation
Authors: Seung‐jae Kim, Zhenlong Chen, Abdul B. Essani, Hatem A. Elshabrawy, Michael V. Volin, Suncica Volkov, William Swedler, Shiva Arami, Nadera Sweiss, Shiva Shahrara
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Objective Levels of Toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR‐7) are elevated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the impact on RA is unknown because the endogenous ligand for TLR‐7 has not been identified. The aim of this study was to identify a TLR‐7 endogenous ligand and to determine its role in the pathogenesis of RA. Methods The presence of an endogenous TLR‐7 ligand, microRNA let‐7b (miR‐let‐7b), was examined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Using RA knockdown cells, TLR‐7–knockout mice, or antagonist, the specificity of miR‐let‐7b as a potential ligand for TLR‐7 was tested. The mechanism by which ligation of miR‐let‐7b to TLR‐7 promotes disease was investigated in RA myeloid cells by real‐time PCR, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. We also established the effect of ectopic miR‐let‐7b expression on arthritic joint inflammation. Results We found that a TLR‐7 endogenous ligand resides mainly in RA synovial fluid macrophages. The GU‐rich domain in miR‐let‐7b was found to be essential for TLR‐7 ligation, since miR‐147, the positive control for GU, was able to stimulate TLR‐7+ myeloid cells, whereas miR‐124, the negative, non‐GU, control, was not. We demonstrated that miR‐let‐7b or exosomes containing miR‐let‐7b could transform the RA and/or mouse naive or antiinflammatory macrophages into inflammatory M1 macrophages via TLR‐7 ligation. Consistently, we showed that miR‐let‐7b provokes arthritis by remodeling naive myeloid cells into M1 macrophages via TLR‐7 ligation, since joint swelling and M1 macrophages are absent in TLR‐7–deficient mice. Conclusion The results of this study underscore the importance of miR‐let‐7b ligation to TLR‐7 in the joint during the effector phase of RA.
Blood glucose levels in Hodgkin's disease.
Authors: P G Gobbi, C Cavalli, A Gendarini, G Scanzi, G Attardo-Parrinello, E Ascari
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1985.3.9.1286 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 4031968 Blood glucose levels in Hodgkin's disease. P G GobbixP G GobbiSearch for articles by this author , C CavallixC CavalliSearch for articles by this author , A GendarinixA GendariniSearch for articles by this author , G ScanzixG ScanziSearch for articles by this author , G Attardo-ParrinelloxG Attardo-ParrinelloSearch for articles by this author , E AscarixE AscariSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1985.3.9.1286 PDF "Blood glucose levels in Hodgkin's disease.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 3(9), p. 1286© 1985 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Reply
Authors: Yao-Chun Hsu, Chun-Ying Wu
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

We thank Dr. Lo for his interest and comments about our study1 and would like to take this opportunity to make our article more accurately understood. First, this study adopts a retrospective cohort, instead of a case-control design, in that the subjects were grouped according to the exposure, rather than the outcome.2 For the purpose of optimizing comparability, we explicitly matched the treated and untreated cohorts in age, gender, cirrhosis, and postoperative treatment-free duration with a 1:4 proportion. In fact, the two groups did not significantly differ in their baseline characteristics, including age, diabetes mellitus (DM), and extent of resection. The eligibility and matching criteria as well as the flowchart of enrollment were all clearly described in our article in accord with the STROBE guidelines.3 Second, the association between antiviral therapy and recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was verified in the multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model, which took various potential confounders into account. Moreover, this association appeared to be modified by age, DM, and cirrhosis, which were uncovered by the multivariate stratified analyses. Of note, factors that might modify the association should not be misinterpreted as independent predictors of HCC recurrence among the study participants. Besides, there is no reason to believe that these factors had confounded the result, because they were similarly distributed between groups and were well adjusted for in the Cox analysis. Finally, this study does not intend to claim that postoperative institution of pegylated interferon plus ribavirin can effectively prevent most of the hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCCs from recurrence. In light of a cumulative incidence reaching 52.1% (95% confidence interval: 42.0-62.2) 5 years after postoperative antiviral therapy, it is clear that the risk of recurrent HCC was attenuated, but certainly not eliminated, in the treated patients. However, given that this regimen is reasonably safe and generally tolerable among patients able to recover from liver resection,4 our research does implicate a readily available way to improve the clinical outcomes. It is eagerly hoped that next generations of anti-HCV therapy will be more effective in decreasing recurrence of HCC, but proof is required and further research warranted. Yao-Chun Hsu, M.D1,2 Chun-Ying Wu, M.D., MPH., Ph.D.1,3,4 1Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine China Medical University Taichung, Taiwan 2Department of Internal Medicine E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University Kaohsiung, Taiwan 3Faculty of Medicine School of Medicine National Yang-Ming University Taipei, Taiwan 4Division of Gastroenterology Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung, Taiwan
Vital Signs: Increased Medicaid Prescriptions for Preexposure Prophylaxis Against HIV infection — New York, 2012–2015
Authors: Franklin N. Laufer, Daniel A. O’Connell, Ira Feldman, Howard A. Zucker
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015)

Approximately 3,000 incident cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection occur in New York state each year. Daily HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with the oral antiretroviral medication Truvada is a key component of New York's plan to end HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as an epidemic in the state by 2020.Prescription data from the New York state Medicaid program from July 2012 through June 2015 were analyzed with an algorithm using medication and diagnoses codes to identify continuous use of Truvada for >30 days, after excluding use for postexposure prophylaxis or treatment of HIV or chronic hepatitis B infection.During July 2012-June 2013, a total of 259 persons filled prescriptions for PrEP in the Medicaid program. During July 2013-June 2014, a total of 303 persons filled prescriptions for PrEP. During July 2014-June 2015, a total of 1,330 persons filled prescriptions for PrEP, a substantial increase over the previous 12 months. Across all periods studied, 1,708 Medicaid recipients filled at least one prescription for PrEP, most of whom were New York City (NYC) residents, male, aged <50 years, and, for those with available data on race, white.PrEP use by Medicaid-insured persons increased substantially in the years following statewide efforts to increase knowledge of PrEP among potential prescribers and candidates for PrEP. Other jurisdictions can follow New York state's example by taking similar steps to remove the financial and knowledge barriers experienced by both potential users and prescribers of PrEP.Although both state and local health department efforts contribute to the availability and use of PrEP, their collaboration enhances the successful implementation of strategies to increase PrEP use. In addition, the decision by the state Medicaid agency to cover PrEP recognizes the long-term benefits of preventing HIV infections.
Constitutive Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase in Human Acute Leukemias: Combined Role of Activation of MEK, Hyperexpression of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase, and Downregulation of a Phosphatase, PAC1
Authors: Seong-Cheol Kim, Jee-Sook Hahn, Yoo-Hong Min, Nae-Choon Yoo, Yun-Woong Ko, Won-Jae Lee
Journal: Blood (1999)
PTH-345 Fat ratio – a novel parameter for predicting conversion in laparoscopic colorectal surgery
Authors: S Scott, C Mann, S Farid, R Jones, P Kang, J Evans
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Laparoscopic surgery has become the standard for colorectal cancer in the UK but can be technically challenging in obese patients. Many of these patients can be safely operated on laparoscopically but we hypothesised that there is a subgroup whose fat is mainly internal in whom the risk of conversion is unacceptably high. We propose a highly reproducible parameter that may be able to identify this group preoperatively with no additional scans. <h3>Method</h3> All patients who underwent elective, laparoscopic colorectal cancer resections from March 2010 to November 2013 were included in the study. Data was collected on age, sex, size of tumour, site of tumour, BMI and whether or not the procedure was converted (i.e. any incision larger than that required to extract the specimen). For obese patients (BMI &gt;30), preoperative staging CT scans were used to determine a “Fat Ratio”, which we define as the ratio between anterior abdominal wall fat at the level of the umbilicus and the distance from the rectus sheath to the anterior aspect of the vertebral body at the same level (see Figure 1). <h3>Results</h3> 197 patients were included. There were 60 patients (30.5%) in the obese group and 137 (69.5%) in the non-obese group. Comparing the two groups we found conversion rates to be 27% and 16% respectively. The median FR of the obese patients that were converted to open surgery was significantly higher at 5.9 (95% CI 4.8–8.1) compared to those completed laparoscopically (3.3, 95% CI 3.2–4.2, p = 0.0001 Mann-Whitney). We found no significant difference in conversion rate when looking at tumour site or size. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Fat Ratio is a simple, reproducible parameter that was found to be significantly higher in obese patients whose laparoscopic procedures were converted to open. With further work, this has the potential to become an accurate predictor of conversion risk. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Cisplatin-induced hepatic toxicity.
Authors: C F Pollera, F Ameglio, M Nardi, G Vitelli, P Marolla
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1987.5.2.318 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3806175 Cisplatin-induced hepatic toxicity. C F PolleraxC F PolleraSearch for articles by this author , F AmeglioxF AmeglioSearch for articles by this author , M NardixM NardiSearch for articles by this author , G VitellixG VitelliSearch for articles by this author , P MarollaxP MarollaSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1987.5.2.318 PDF "Cisplatin-induced hepatic toxicity.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 5(2), pp. 318–319© 1987 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
THU0629-HPR Exercise, Recovery of Physical Functioning, and Prediction of Physical Activity After Total Hip Arthroplasty. 5-Year Follow-Up of a RCT
Authors: K.E. Heiberg, W. Figved
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Physiotherapy is a common practice after total hip arthroplasty (THA). The overall aim of physiotherapy is to optimize functional outcomes like walking and thereby enable patients to regain a physically active lifestyle. <h3>Objectives</h3> The objectives of this long-term follow-up study five years after THA were 1) to examine whether the 1-year effects from a previous walking skill training program on walking and stair climbing still persist five years following total hip arthroplasty (THA), 2) to examine recovery of physical functioning from before surgery to five years, and 3) to identify predictors of physical activity five years after THA from preoperative measures. <h3>Methods</h3> A 5-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and a longitudinal study. Sixty participants with mean age 70 years (95% CI 68–72 years) were assessed. Outcome measures were the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), the stair climbing test (ST), hip range of motion (ROM), self-efficacy, Hip Dysfunction and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Activity Scale. Data were analyzed by Student <i>t</i>-tests, general linear model, and multivariate regression analyses. <h3>Results</h3> The groups were approximately equal on outcome measures of physical functioning, pain, and self-efficacy at five years (<i>P</i>&gt;0.05). In the total group, the recovery course was unchanged from one to five years (<i>P</i>&gt;0.05), except 9% improvement in ROM (<i>P</i>&lt;0.001) and 18% decline in ST (<i>P=</i>0.004). Preoperative 6MWT, HOOS pain, HOOS sport, and UCLA predicted UCLA score five years after THA (<i>P</i>≤0.03). <h3>Conclusions</h3> At five years after THA the control group had caught up with the training group on physical functioning, and the participants lead an active lifestyle. Those with worse preoperative scores on pain, walking capacity, physical functioning in sport, and physical activity were at risk of being less physically active in the long term following THA. <h3>References</h3> Heiberg KE, Bruun-Olsen V, Ekeland A, Mengshoel AM. Effect of a walking skill training program in patients who have undergone total hip arthroplasty: Followup one year after surgery. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64(3):415-23. Heiberg KE, Ekeland A, Bruun-Olsen V, Mengshoel AM. Recovery and prediction of physical functioning outcomes during the first year after total hip arthroplasty. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013;94(7):1352-9. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Identification of TMEM230 mutations in familial Parkinson's disease
Authors: Han-Xiang Deng, Yong Shi, Yi Yang, Kreshnik B Ahmeti, Nimrod Miller, Cao Huang, Lijun Cheng, Hong Zhai, Sheng Deng, Karen Nuytemans, Nicola J Corbett, Myung Jong Kim, Hao Deng, Beisha Tang, Ziquang Yang, Yanming Xu, Piu Chan, Bo Huang, Xiao-Ping Gao, Zhi Song, Zhenhua Liu, Faisal Fecto, Nailah Siddique, Tatiana Foroud, Joseph Jankovic, Bernardino Ghetti, Daniel A Nicholson, Dimitri Krainc, Onur Melen, Jeffery M Vance, Margaret A Pericak-Vance, Yong-Chao Ma, Ali H Rajput, Teepu Siddique
Journal: Nature Genetics (2016)
SAT0293 Hip Fractures in Patients with Dialysis: The impact of Dementia
Authors: M. Maravic, A. Ostertag, P. Urena, M. Cohen-Solal
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Hip fractures (HF) are associated with significant morbidity and are further increased in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Higher morbidity in dialysis patients is related to several risk factors that are associated. Dementia is an associated risk factor for HF in the general population. <h3>Objectives</h3> We here aimed to describe the impact of dementia in FH in dialysis patients and assess if dementia is an additional risk factor of HF in patients with CRF. <h3>Methods</h3> Data are obtained from the National Database of Hospitalizations. In order to avoid the possibility of a high incidence based in single year, data were extracted over the period 2011-2013. Three populations of subjects aged 60 and over were extracted and analyzed: population with hip fracture, population in dialysis and population of demented patients (whatever the reason for the hospitalization whether or not in connection with dementia). These populations were crossed to estimate the fracture risk based on the presence of dementia or dialysis, adjusted for age and sex. The fracture risk was calculated using a multiple logistic regression model. <h3>Results</h3> Over the period 2011 to 2013, 213 180 patients experienced a hip fracture (70% women), 660 434 patients were diagnosed for dementia (64% women) and 47 430 patients were on dialysis (39% women). There was an effect of age and gender on the incidence of fractures and dementia. In dialysis patients, the risk of HF was significantly higher in patients with dementia compared to those without dementia: OR 1.99 [95% CI: 1.66-2.38], this being the same for men (OR 2.37 [1.81-3.05]) and women (OR 2.56 [1-97-3.29]) in each age categories. However, in patients with dementia, the fracture risk is independent of dialysis (OR: 1.25 [0.99-1.59]) in each gender and age categories. Moreover, the risk of dementia is not increased by dialysis in this population with HF (OR 1.52 [0.77-3]) after adjustment for age and gender. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Dementia significantly increases the risk of hip fracture in dialysis patients compared to the patients without dementia. However, this risk is the same than in demented patients whether in dialysis or not. These results highlight dementia as a major risk factor for FH in dialysis and points out the necessity of prevention to avoid hip fractures. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
PWE-395 Patient and clinical risk factors for incisional hernia following reversal of loop ileostomy
Authors: A Brook, S Mansfield, I Daniels, N Smart
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Loop ileostomy reversal is commonly performed, with reported rates of ileostomy-site incisional hernia between 0–48%. Risk factors of patients developing post-reversal hernias are poorly understood. <h3>Method</h3> We performed a retrospective study of patients undergoing loop ileostomy reversal during five years 1<sup>st</sup>January 2009 to 31<sup>st</sup>December 2013. The primary outcome was ileostomy-site incisional hernia, detected clinically and, as a gold standard, by computed tomography scans or ultrasonography. Data were extracted on preoperative factors (age, BMI, smoking, preoperative marking, surgical indication), intraoperative decisions (rectus sheath suture, skin suture, closure method) and postoperative events (complication (&lt;30days), followup duration). Data were analysed with SPSS version 21. Statistics are median (IQR) and correlations Spearman’s rho. P &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. <h3>Results</h3> In total, 180 patients underwent loop ileostomy closure. Baseline demographics were as follows: age (66 years (26), BMI 25kg/m<sup>2</sup>(5.8) and 28 patients (16%) were smokers. Indication for ileostomy was rectal cancer (n = 98; 54.4%), followed by inflammatory bowel disease (n = 40; 22.2%), diverticulosis (n = 19; 10.6%), inflammatory fistulae (n = 4; 2.2%), and assorted indications (n = 16; 8.9%). Overall incidence of ileostomy-site incisional hernia was 19%, occurring at a median of 8 months (IQR 15). Overall duration of postoperative follow up was 20 months (IQR 28). Clinical detection of hernia compared to CT/US was 88% and all clinically-evident cases were identified radiologically. Four cases not evident clinically were detected by radiology alone. 64% of hernias required reoperation. Surgical indication was a significant hernia determinant (χ<sup>2</sup>p &lt; 0.001) with a higher incidence in cancer patients. 66% of patients were marked preoperatively. Post-closure complications occurred in 22% of patients and predicted higher hernia risk (χ<sup>2</sup>p &lt; 0.001). BMI was a major risk factor for ileostomy-site hernia (Mann Whitney P = 0.04; R=.236; P = 0.002). Patients with higher blood pressure at closure had a higher incidence of hernias (Mann Whitney P = 0.009). Age and smoking were not significant factors (R = -0.018 and 0.005 respectively; P &gt; 0.05 for both). Choice of suture material for rectus sheath (PDS vs. Prolene) or skin (Monocryl vs. Maxon) did not predict hernia (R=-0.113 and -0.041 respectively; both P &gt; 0.05). Healing by secondary intention was not associated with higher hernia incidence (R = 0.004; P &gt; 0.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Ileostomy-site hernia occurs in approximately one fifth of patients. Patient factors such as BMI and preoperative co-morbidity remain the greatest predictors of hernia. Variability in operative practice such as choice of suture material and the method of skin closure does not impact hernia risk. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.