tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Immediate Effects of Five β-Adrenoreceptor-Blocking Drugs with Different Ancillary Properties in Angina Pectoris
Authors: Udho Thadani, Christopher Davidson, Walter Singleton, Stanley H. Taylor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

We compared the immediate effects of five β-adrenoreceptor-blocking agents in 16 patients with stable angina pectoris. Acute dose-response studies showed that all five drugs improved exercise tolerance and reduced ST-segment depression, heart rate and blood pressure by a similar degree in comparison with a placebo (P<0.01). Near maximum improvement in exercise tolerance occurred when the acute cumulative oral dose had reached 160 mg for propranolol and oxprenolol, 200 mg for metoprolol and tolamolol and 400 mg for practolol. When these drugs were administered as single doses, increase in walking time before the development of angina and reduction in ST-segment depression, heart rate and systolic blood pressure all occurred within one hour and persisted for eight hours — effects markedly different from the response to a placebo (P<0.01). These data show that non-cardioselective agents (propranolol and oxprenolol), cardioselective agents (practolol, metoprolol and tolamolol), as well as drugs with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (oxprenolol and practolol), were equally effective in the treatment of angina pectoris. (N Engl J Med 300:750–755, 1979)
Immediate Mortality and Five-Year Survival of Employed Men with a First Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sidney Pell, G. A. D'Alonzo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THIS article presents data dealing with the immediate and long-term prognosis of 1331 male employees of the E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company who were stricken with a myocardial infarction. The data have been analyzed to answer the following questions: What are the chances of surviving the acute attack? What are the chances of surviving five years after recovery from the acute attack? How are these probabilities of survival affected by such factors as age, hypertension, overweight and socioeconomic status? To what extent does disability or death remove from active employment over a five-year period the men who . . .
Global Electric Heterogeneity Risk Score for Prediction of Sudden Cardiac Death in the General Population
Authors: Jonathan W. Waks, Colleen M. Sitlani, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Muammar Kabir, Elyar Ghafoori, Mary L. Biggs, Charles A. Henrikson, Nona Sotoodehnia, Tor Biering-Sørensen, Sunil K. Agarwal, David S. Siscovick, Wendy S. Post, Scott D. Solomon, Alfred E. Buxton, Mark E. Josephson, Larisa G. Tereshchenko
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Asymptomatic individuals account for the majority of sudden cardiac deaths (SCDs). Development of effective, low-cost, and noninvasive SCD risk stratification tools is necessary.Participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study and Cardiovascular Health Study (n=20 177; age, 59.3±10.1 years; age range, 44-100 years; 56% female; 77% white) were followed up for 14.0 years (median). Five ECG markers of global electric heterogeneity (GEH; sum absolute QRST integral, spatial QRST angle, spatial ventricular gradient [SVG] magnitude, SVG elevation, and SVG azimuth) were measured on standard 12-lead ECGs. Cox proportional hazards and competing risks models evaluated associations between GEH electrocardiographic parameters and SCD. An SCD competing risks score was derived from demographics, comorbidities, and GEH parameters. SCD incidence was 1.86 per 1000 person-years. After multivariable adjustment, baseline GEH parameters and large increases in GEH parameters over time were independently associated with SCD. Final SCD risk scores included age, sex, race, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, and GEH parameters as continuous variables. When GEH parameters were added to clinical/demographic factors, the C statistic increased from 0.777 to 0.790 (P=0.008), the risk score classified 10-year SCD risk as high (>5%) in 7.2% of participants, 10% of SCD victims were appropriately reclassified into a high-risk category, and only 1.4% of SCD victims were inappropriately reclassified from high to intermediate risk. The net reclassification index was 18.3%.Abnormal electrophysiological substrate quantified by GEH parameters is independently associated with SCD in the general population. The addition of GEH parameters to clinical characteristics improves SCD risk prediction.
High-Level Chloramphenicol Resistance in<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>
Authors: Marc Galimand, Guy Gerbaud, Martine Guibourdenche, Jean-Yves Riou, Patrice Courvalin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Neisseria meningitidis is nearly always susceptible to the penicillins, the cephalosporins, and chloramphenicol. Between 1987 and 1996, however, chloramphenicol-resistant strains were isolated from 11 patients in Vietnam and 1 in France.The minimal inhibitory concentration of chloramphenicol was determined for the 12 isolates. The isolates were analyzed by monoclonal-antibody-based serotyping and subtyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Bacterial DNA was analyzed by hybridization, the polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing to identify the resistance gene and determine the origin of the resistance.The isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol (minimal inhibitory concentration, > or =64 mg per liter) and produced an active chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. All 12 strains belonged to serogroup B but had a high degree of diversity, and 10 could not be typed with the use of monoclonal antibodies. The nucleotide sequence of the resistance gene and the flanking regions was identical to that of an internal portion of transposon Tn4451 that carries the catP gene in Clostridium perfringens. Moreover, this gene was located in the same genomic site in the chloramphenicol-resistant isolates.The high-level chloramphenicol resistance that we describe in N. meningitidis isolates is of great concern, since in developing countries, chloramphenicol given intramuscularly is the standard therapy for meningococcal meningitis. The resistance to chloramphenicol is due to the presence of the catP gene on a truncated transposon that has lost mobility because of internal deletions, and the transformation of genetic material between strains of N. meningitidis probably played an important part in the dissemination of the gene.
Patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma experiencing disease progression after treatment with brentuximab vedotin have poor outcomes
Authors: C.Y. Cheah, D. Chihara, S. Horowitz, A. Sevin, Y. Oki, S. Zhou, N.H. Fowler, J.E. Romaguera, F. Turturro, F.B. Hagemeister, L.E. Fayad, M. Wang, S.S. Neelapu, L.J. Nastoupil, J.R. Westin, M.A. Rodriguez, F. Samaniego, P. Anderlini, Y. Nieto, M.A. Fanale
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
NCCN Roundtable: What Are the Characteristics of an Optimal Clinical Practice Guideline?
Authors: David S. Ettinger, Michael Kuettel, Jennifer Malin, Joan S. McClure, Mary Lou Smith, Andrew D. Zelenetz, F. Marc Stewart
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

Much has changed in the treatment of cancer since the first NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) were rolled out for 8 different tumor types in November 1996. NCCN Guidelines now include involved algorithms often containing multiple treatment alternatives and detailed pathways of care that depend on more-specific patient characteristics and molecular tumor diagnostics. With 47 different individual NCCN panels, all members of the cancer care team are now better informed than ever to guide patients through the often complex decision-making required to improve the odds of successful outcomes. At the NCCN 20th Annual Conference, a distinguished panel assembled to take a closer look at these invaluable clinical practice guidelines, first glancing backward to how it all started and then forward to explore the key ingredients of trustworthy guidelines.
Rubella Syndrome and Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Newborn Infants
Authors: J. E. Banatvala, D. M. Horstmann, M. C. Payne, L. Gluck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

DURING the winter and spring of 1964 the United States experienced the largest epidemic of rubella recorded during the past twenty years.1 In Connecticut over 40,000 cases were reported to the State Health Department, and a conservative estimate places the actual number at closer to 200,000 occurring in the State's population of approximately 2,500,000.ǁ The importance of the disease, ordinarily a mild one, with few complications, lies in the 15 to 20 per cent incidence of damage to the fetus when rubella occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy.2 , 3 Beginning in October, 1964, nine months after the start of the . . .
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Fusion Surgery for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Peter Försth, Gylfi Ólafsson, Thomas Carlsson, Anders Frost, Fredrik Borgström, Peter Fritzell, Patrik Öhagen, Karl Michaëlsson, Bengt Sandén
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

The efficacy of fusion surgery in addition to decompression surgery in patients who have lumbar spinal stenosis, with or without degenerative spondylolisthesis, has not been substantiated in controlled trials.We randomly assigned 247 patients between 50 and 80 years of age who had lumbar spinal stenosis at one or two adjacent vertebral levels to undergo either decompression surgery plus fusion surgery (fusion group) or decompression surgery alone (decompression-alone group). Randomization was stratified according to the presence of preoperative degenerative spondylolisthesis (in 135 patients) or its absence. Outcomes were assessed with the use of patient-reported outcome measures, a 6-minute walk test, and a health economic evaluation. The primary outcome was the score on the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI; which ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more severe disability) 2 years after surgery. The primary analysis, which was a per-protocol analysis, did not include the 14 patients who did not receive the assigned treatment and the 5 who were lost to follow-up.There was no significant difference between the groups in the mean score on the ODI at 2 years (27 in the fusion group and 24 in the decompression-alone group, P=0.24) or in the results of the 6-minute walk test (397 m in the fusion group and 405 m in the decompression-alone group, P=0.72). Results were similar between patients with and those without spondylolisthesis. Among the patients who had 5 years of follow-up and were eligible for inclusion in the 5-year analysis, there were no significant differences between the groups in clinical outcomes at 5 years. The mean length of hospitalization was 7.4 days in the fusion group and 4.1 days in the decompression-alone group (P<0.001). Operating time was longer, the amount of bleeding was greater, and surgical costs were higher in the fusion group than in the decompression-alone group. During a mean follow-up of 6.5 years, additional lumbar spine surgery was performed in 22% of the patients in the fusion group and in 21% of those in the decompression-alone group.Among patients with lumbar spinal stenosis, with or without degenerative spondylolisthesis, decompression surgery plus fusion surgery did not result in better clinical outcomes at 2 years and 5 years than did decompression surgery alone. (Funded by an Uppsala institutional Avtal om Läkarutbildning och Forskning [Agreement concerning Cooperation on Medical Education and Research] and others; Swedish Spinal Stenosis Study ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01994512.).
Eradication of Cultured Human Melanoma Cells by Immune Interferon and Leukocytes&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: S K Tyring, G Klimpel, M Brysk, V Gupta, G J Stanton, W R Fleischmann, S Baron
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

For the determination of the conditions for the most effective cytolysis of human melanoma cells, leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha), fibroblast interferon (IFN-beta), and immune interferon (IFN-gamma) were compared for their abilities to kill cultured human melanoma cells in the presence and absence of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBL). A microassay was employed in which the viability of melanoma target cells was determined after various times of incubation with interferons alone or with PBL. On 7 human melanoma cell lines (from 6 different patients), IFN-gamma had significantly greater direct anticellular effect than IFN-alpha or IFN-beta. When PBL were added, all target cells were killed after 48 hours with IFN-gamma, but they were not killed with IFN-alpha or IFN-beta. When IFN-gamma was added to either IFN-alpha or IFN-beta, a potentiation of the anticellular effect was observed both with and without PBL. The actions of this "natural" IFN-gamma could be reproduced with recombinant IFN-gamma and could be neutralized by an antibody to a synthetic peptide encoded by the 5'-end of IFN-gamma complementary DNA. It was concluded that IFN-gamma is significantly more active against these human melanoma cell lines than either IFN-alpha or IFN-beta and, most significantly, that eradication can occur in the presence of IFN-gamma and PBL. Furthermore, synergistic anticellular action can be observed when IFN-gamma is added to IFN-alpha or IFN-beta. These findings point to the need for preclinical trials to evaluate eradication in vivo.
Comparative Study of Two RD 114 Virus-Indicator Cell Lines, KC and KB2
Authors: Walter A. Nelson-Rees, Vaclav Klement, Ward D. Peterson, John F. Weaver
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

The chromosomes and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Glu-6-PD) isozyme mobility patterns of human cell lines KC and KB were compared with those of KC-related strains and other strains and passage levels of H.Ep. #2 and HeLa cells. Both indicator lines, KC and KB, had human chromosomes and were heteroploid. KC cells had a mean chromosome number of 103 and KB cells of 2 strains (3 passage levels) had means of 69-76 chromosomes. KC cells had 1 or 2 Y chromosomes and B-type Glu-6-PD mobility. All KB, H.Ep. #2, and.HeLa cell cultures lacked Y chromosomes and showed A-type mobility. The parental, nontransformed strain of KC, 118 MG, and another branch of Rous sarcoma' virustransformed cells (118 MG-EH, Macintyre) differed from KC in mean number of chromosomes (118 and 69), but had Y chromosomes and type-B Glu-6-DP mobility. However, only the KC and KB cultures, but not the KC-related strains or different strains of H.Ep. #2 and HeLa cells, acted as RD 114 virus-indicator cell lines. Our results distinguished KC from KB cells, KC from its related cultures, and KB cultures from cultures of H.Ep. #2 and HeLa cells.
A Noninvasive Method of Predicting Pulmonary-Capillary Wedge Pressure
Authors: Kevin M. McIntyre, Joseph A. Vita, Costas T. Lambrew, Jonathan Freeman, Joseph Loscalzo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

The noninvasive prediction of pulmonary-capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) is important for the recognition and treatment of a variety of cardiovascular disorders. The response of the arterial pressure to the Valsalva maneuver has been shown to correlate with the PCWP. We therefore devised a noninvasive method to measure this pressure response at the bedside and correlated these measurements with the PCWP measured directly with a pulmonary-artery catheter.
Ultrafractionated radiation therapy (3x per day) for glioblastoma: Preliminary results of a phase II study
Authors: P. D. Beauchesne, L. Taillandier, V. Bernier, M. Djabri, X. Michel, J. Maire, L. Martin, P. Verrelle, P. Verrelle, R. Pedeux
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

1570 Background: Ultrafractionation radiation therapy consists in irradiating cells or tumors several times daily, delivering low doses at which hyperradiosensitivity occur. We recently reported the high efficiency of ultrafractionation radiotherapy in glioma cell lines and xenografts, and are now conducting a phase II clinical trial to determine the effect of an ultrafractionation regimen for glioblastoma patients. Methods: A prospective, multicenter, phase II study has opened for accrual in September 2003. Patients over 18 years of age who are able to give informed consent and have histologically proven, newly diagnosed and unresectable, supratentorial glioblastoma (WHO grade IV) are eligible. Three doses of 0.75 Gy spaced by at least four hours are delivered daily, five days a week for six consecutive weeks for a total of 67.5 Gy. Conformal irradiation includes the tumor bulk including a margin of 2.5 cm. Tolerance and toxicity are the primary endpoints; survival and progression-free survival are secondary endpoints. Results: To date 25 patients have been enrolled in this study, 19 currently evalualbe: 11 men and 8 women, median age 58 (range 37 to 76), median Karnofsky performance status (80 range from 70 to 100). The median time between histological diagnosis and the start of treatment is 7 weeks. The ultrafractionated radiation therapy has been well tolerated; no acute grade 3 and/or 4 CNS toxicity has been observed. Minor responses at the end of irradiation were seen in 5 patients. Median survival from initial diagnosis was 13.5 months, nine patients remain alive. Conclusions: Ultrafractionated radiation therapy is safe and well tolerated. No acute CNS toxicitiy has been observed. Overall survival of over 13 months for patients without prior debulking surgery compares favorably with other reports. Updated definitive results will be presented. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
AB1016 Rituximab Treatment in Patients with Idiopathic Sclerosing Orbital Inflammation
Authors: S.S. Kilic, B. Yazici
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Idiopathic sclerosing orbital inflammation (ISOI) is a rare disease characterized by fibrous pseudotumor formation, inflammatory changes and poor response to corticosteroids, immunosupressive therapy or radiotherapy. <h3>Objectives</h3> In this report, 2 patients with ISOI who were refractory to conventional immunosupressive therapy and were treated with rituximab are presented. <h3>Methods</h3> Case 1: Ten-year-old girl presented with proptosis, ocular motility restriction, lagophthalmus and optic neuropathy in the right eye. Orbita MRI showed a diffuse, infiltrative mass in the superior and retrobulbar orbit. After tumor debulking and histological examination, the diagnosis of ISOI was made. The treatments with prednisolone, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and/or azothiopurin failed in achieving a complete remission. After the treatment with rituximab (375 mg/m<sup>2</sup> x4), all inflammatory signs disaapeared dramatically and did not reccur during follow up. Case 2: A 36-year-old female presented with painful proptosis, restrictive myopathy and blepharoptosis in her right eye. Orbita MRI showed an infiltrative mass in the upper orbit, encasing the superior rectus muscle and lacrimal gland. Biopsy showed dense fibrous tissue with a mixed cellular infiltrate consistent with ISOI. Systemic evaluation did not find any accompanying abnormality. The disease initially responded well to the oral prednisolon andmethotrexate treatment, but then recurred with a mass regrowth associated with inflammatory symptoms and optic neuropathy. After a tumor debulking surgery, the patient received rituximab (375 mg/m<sup>2</sup> x4) was commenced. Clinical symptoms completely regressed after this treatment and did not recur during follow up. <h3>Results</h3> In both patients, following the treatment with rituximab (375 mg/m<sup>2</sup>, 4 cure) the lesions have regressed apparently. Recurrence has not been observed for 6 months. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Idiopathic sclerosing orbital inflammation is characterized by aggressive, chronic, insidious sclerosis and poor response to corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs. The presented 2 cases support that rituximab alone may provide a complete clinical remission in patients refractory to the conventional immunosuppressive drugs. <h3>References</h3> Galvez-Ruiz A, Chaudhry I, Al Katan H. Idiopathic sclerosing orbital inflammation: presentation of an unusual case with isolated bilateral optic nerve involvement. J Neuroophthalmol. 2013;33:308-10. Li Y, Lip G, Chong V, Yuan J, Ding Z. Idiopathic orbital inflammation syndrome with retro-orbital involvement: a retrospective study of eight patients. PLoS One. 2013;8:e57126. Pemberton JD, Fay A.Idiopathic sclerosing orbital inflammation: a review of demographics, clinical presentation, imaging, pathology, treatment, and outcome. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012;28:79-83. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Administrative Issues in Health Care Reform
Authors: David Blumenthal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

For many physicians, the report by Woolhandler et al.1 on hospital administrative costs in this issue of the Journal will merely confirm their personal experience with the “suits and suites” syndrome -- the apparent proliferation of well-appointed administrators and their office space in health care facilities of all varieties. From the standpoint of most physicians, it matters little that such administrators are often hired to help clinicians and patients negotiate our complex health care system. When added to the daily harassment from third parties questioning clinical decisions, the suits and suites syndrome only increases physicians' growing demoralization and anger over . . .
Case 44-1994
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Ronald J. Anderson, Kathleen K. Hansen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Presentation of CaseA 38-year-old woman was evaluated in the clinic because of severe rheumatoid arthritis and a new left pleural effusion.The patient was a hairdresser. She had had seropositive rheumatoid arthritis for 8 1/2 years. On repeated tests the rheumatoid factor ranged between 522 and 1440 IU per milliliter, and a test for antinuclear antibodies was negative; the erythrocyte sedimentation rate ranged between 40 and 69 mm per hour. Repeated physical examinations were negative except that the patient was overweight and had extensive rheumatoid articular deformities and rheumatoid nodules that were most prominent about the hands and elbows. . . .
Letrozole: Updated Duration of Response
Authors: H. A. Chaudri, P. F. Trunet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

Article Tools Correspondence Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1999.17.12.3856 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 10577865 Letrozole: Updated Duration of Response H. A. ChaudrixH. A. ChaudriSearch for articles by this author , P. F. TrunetxP. F. TrunetSearch for articles by this author Show More Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, SwitzerlandNovartis Pharma SA, Rueil-Malmaison, France https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1999.17.12.3856 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 1999 by American Society of Clinical Oncology