tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Swimming in H<sub>2</sub>O: two parts heart + one part obsession
Authors: M Mountjoy, H P Dijkstra
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

The ‘H2O’ swimming slogan illustrates the life of the competitive swimmer as one that is driven by devotion and passion. For the aquatic team physician, this slogan begs the questions: What exactly do we know about the adaptations of the swimmer's heart to the years of endurance training? How is the elite swimmer's heart different to population norms? What else should we be doing to preserve the swimmer's health (figure 1)?



Figure 1 
Competitive swimming.



Swimming is rich with legendary stories of successful athletes: the eight Olympic gold medals of Michael Phelps, the renowned feats of Ian the ‘Thorpedo’ and the television success of Tarzan ‘Johnny Weissmuller’, who won both swimming and water polo Olympic medals. But sadly, not all careers have a fairy-tale ending as swimmers’ careers are often ended prematurely by preventable sport-related injury or illness. Although uncommon, elite swimmers also suffer from sudden cardiac death, as evident in the 2012 death of the 100 m breast stroke world record holder, Alexander Oen.

The Olympic Charter obliges all International Federations to encourage and support measures to protect the health of athletes. The Olympic Movement Medical Code further expands these health protection mandates, which are also reflected in the Federation …
Antitumor Activity of Bacterial Infection. II. Effect of &lt;italic&gt;Listeria monocytogenes&lt;/italic&gt; on Growth of a Guinea Pig Hepatoma
Authors: R C Bast, B Zbar, T E Miller, G B Mackaness, H J Rapp
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Growth of a guinea pig hepatoma was suppressed when tumor cells were mixed with viable Listeria monocytogenes (LM) before intradermal (id) injection into syngeneic recipients. Heat-killed LM were less effective than viable organisms in suppressing tumor growth. A vaccine containing oil droplets and LM cell walls lacked antitumor activity. Intratumor injection of viable LM on the 7th day after id injection of tumor cells prolonged survival of guinea pigs that did not succumb to LM infection. After intratumor injection of 0.6 times 10-8-1.0 times 10-8 LM, 5 of 22 guinea pigs died from acute infection (23 percent). In the 17 survivors, 3 tumors regressed completely (18 percent). Animals surviving injections of LM and tumor cells were immune to a second challenge with tumor cells. Immunization ofguinea pigs with an intravenous injection of LM decreased the mortality from intratumor injection of LM, but the intratumor injection of LM failed to cure a significant fraction of LM-immune animals bearing 7-day hepatoma transplants. BCG was more effective than LM in producing tumor regression. Synergism between LM and BCG was not observed, and simultaneous intratumor injection of BCG and LM was no more effective than intratumor injection of BCG alone in the treatment of 12-day tumor transplants.
Abstract 13192: Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor, Linagliptin, Ameliorates Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherogenesis in Apolipoprotein-e Deficient Mice Through GLP-1 Dependent and Independent Manners
Authors: Hotimah M Salim, Daiju Fukuda, Yasutomi Higashikuni, Kimie Tanaka, Yoichira Hirata, Shusuke Yagi, Takeshi Soeki, Michio Shimabukuro, Masataka Sata
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DDP-4) inhibitors are a novel class of drug for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Several studies suggested that their anti-inflammatory effects contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular complication of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate whether linagliptin, a xanthine-based DPP-4 inhibitor, attenuates endothelial dysfunction and prevents subsequent atherogenesis in non-diabetic apolipoprotein-E deficient (ApoE KO) mice. Methods and Results: Linagliptin (10 mg/kg/day) was administered orally to 8-week-old ApoE KO mice for 20 weeks. Linagliptin administration reduced atherosclerotic lesion progression in the aortic arch as determined by en-face Sudan IV staining compared with the control group (P&lt;0.05) without the alteration of metabolic parameters including blood glucose level. Plasma active GLP-1 was significantly higher in the treated group. Histological and quantitative RT-PCR analyses demonstrated that linagliptin decreased macrophages accumulation and the expression of inflammatory molecules (e.g; MCP-1 and VCAM-1) in atherosclerotic aorta (P&lt;0.05, respectively). Furthermore, linagliptin significantly attenuated the impairment of endothelial function in ApoE KO mice, as determined by acetylcholine-dependent vasodilation. These vasoprotective effects of linagliptin were associated with the decreased ROS generation as determined by urinary 8-OHdG level and the expression of NOX-2, in the abdominal aorta. Incubation of aortic segments from C57BL/6 mice with exendin-4 (Ex-4), a GLP-1 analogue, ameliorated palmitic acid (PA)-induced impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Ex-4 ameliorated impaired phosphorylation of Akt and eNOSSer1177 caused by PA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition, linagliptin directly attenuated PA-induced and eNOSSer1177 phosphorylation in HUVECs. Conclusion: Linagliptin inhibited the development of atherogenesis in non-diabetic ApoE KO mice. Our results suggested that linagliptin ameliorated endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress through GLP-1 dependent and independent manners
Regulatory Differences in Natal Down Development between Altricial Zebra Finch and Precocial Chicken
Authors: Chih-Kuan Chen, Chen Siang Ng, Siao-Man Wu, Jiun-Jie Chen, Po-Liang Cheng, Ping Wu, Mei-Yeh Jade Lu, Di-Rong Chen, Cheng-Ming Chuong, Hsu-Chen Cheng, Chau-Ti Ting, Wen-Hsiung Li
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2016)

Birds can be classified into altricial and precocial. The hatchlings of altricial birds are almost naked, whereas those of precocial birds are covered with natal down. This regulatory divergence is thought to reflect environmental adaptation, but the molecular basis of the divergence is unclear. To address this issue, we chose the altricial zebra finch and the precocial chicken as the model animals. We noted that zebra finch hatchlings show natal down growth suppressed anterior dorsal (AD) skin but partially down-covered posterior dorsal (PD) skin. Comparing the transcriptomes of AD and PD skins, we found that the feather growth promoter SHH (sonic hedgehog) was expressed higher in PD skin than in AD skin. Moreover, the data suggested that the FGF (fibroblast growth factor)/Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is involved in natal down growth suppression and that FGF16 is a candidate upstream signaling suppressor. Ectopic expression of FGF16 on chicken leg skin showed downregulation of SHH, upregulation of the feather growth suppressor FGF10, and suppression of feather bud elongation, similar to the phenotype found in zebra finch embryonic AD skin. Therefore, we propose that FGF16-related signals suppress natal down elongation and cause the naked AD skin in zebra finch. Our study provides insights into the regulatory divergence in natal down formation between precocial and altricial birds.
Is the Canonical RAF/MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway a Therapeutic Target in SCLC?
Authors: Sandra Cristea, Julien Sage
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)

The activity of the RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is critical for the proliferation of normal and cancerous cells. Oncogenic mutations driving the development of lung adenocarcinoma often activate this signaling pathway. In contrast, pathway activity levels and their biological roles are not well established in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a fast-growing neuroendocrine lung cancer subtype. Here we discuss the function of the RAF/MEK/ERK kinase pathway and the mechanisms leading to its activation in SCLC cells. In particular, we argue that activation of this pathway may be beneficial to the survival, proliferation, and spread of SCLC cells in response to multiple stimuli. We also consider evidence that high levels of RAF/MEK/ERK pathway activity may be detrimental to SCLC tumors, including in part by interfering with their neuroendocrine fate. On the basis of these observations, we examined when small molecules targeting kinases in the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway may be useful therapeutically in patients with SCLC, including in combination with other therapeutic agents.
Efficient gene transfer of CD40 ligand into primary B-CLL cells using recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors
Authors: Clemens-Martin Wendtner, David M. Kofler, Hans D. Theiss, Christian Kurzeder, Raymund Buhmann, Carmen Schweighofer, Luca Perabo, Susanne Danhauser-Riedl, Jens Baumert, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Michael Hallek, Hildegard Büning
Journal: Blood (2002)
Concordance of interim and final estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review
Authors: Vivian K Leung, Benjamin J Cowling, Shuo Feng, Sheena G Sullivan
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2016)

The World Health Organization's Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System meets twice a year to generate a recommendation for the composition of the seasonal influenza vaccine. Interim vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates provide a preliminary indication of influenza vaccine performance during the season and may be useful for decision making. We reviewed 17 pairs of studies reporting 33 pairs of interim and final estimates using the test-negative design to evaluate whether interim estimates can reliably predict final estimates. We examined features of the study design that may be correlated with interim estimates being substantially different from their final estimates and identified differences related to change in study period and concomitant changes in sample size, proportion vaccinated and proportion of cases. An absolute difference of no more than 10% between interim and final estimates was found for 18 of 33 reported pairs of estimates, including six of 12 pairs reporting VE against any influenza, six of 10 for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, four of seven for influenza A(H3N2) and two of four for influenza B. While we identified inconsistencies in the methods, the similarities between interim and final estimates support the utility of generating and disseminating preliminary estimates of VE while virus circulation is ongoing.
A Phase II randomized study of galunisertib monotherapy or galunisertib plus lomustine compared with lomustine monotherapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Alba A Brandes, Antoine F Carpentier, Santosh Kesari, Juan M Sepulveda-Sanchez, Helen R Wheeler, Olivier Chinot, Lawrence Cher, Joachim P Steinbach, David Capper, Pol Specenier, Jordi Rodon, Ann Cleverly, Claire Smith, Ivelina Gueorguieva, Colin Miles, Susan C Guba, Durisala Desaiah, Michael M Lahn, Wolfgang Wick
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

The combination of galunisertib, a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β receptor (R)1 kinase inhibitor, and lomustine was found to have antitumor activity in murine models of glioblastoma. Galunisertib (300 mg/day) was given orally 14 days on/14 days off (intermittent dosing). Lomustine was given as approved. Patients were randomized in a 2:1:1 ratio to galunisertib + lomustine, galunisertib monotherapy, or placebo + lomustine. The primary objective was overall survival (OS); secondary objectives were safety, pharmacokinetics (PKs), and antitumor activity. One hundred fifty-eight patients were randomized: galunisertib + lomustine (N = 79), galunisertib (N = 39), and placebo + lomustine (N = 40). Baseline characteristics were: male (64.6%), white (75.3%), median age 58 years, ECOG performance status (PS) 1 (63.3%), and primary glioblastoma (93.7%). The PKs of galunisertib were not altered with lomustine, and galunisertib had a median half-life of ∼8 hours. Median OS in months (95% credible interval [CrI]) for galunisertib + lomustine was 6.7 (range: 5.3–8.5), 8.0 (range: 5.7–11.7) for galunisertib alone, and 7.5 (range: 5.6–10.3) for placebo + lomustine. There was no difference in OS for patients treated with galunisertib + lomustine compared with placebo + lomustine [P (HR < 1) = 26%]. Median progression-free survival of ∼2 months was observed in all 3 arms. Among 8 patients with IDH1 mutation, 7 patients were treated with galunisertib (monotherapy or with lomustine); OS ranged from 4 to 17 months. Patients treated with galunisertib alone had fewer drug-related grade 3/4 adverse events (n = 34) compared with lomustine-treated patients (10% vs 26%). Baseline PS, post-discontinuation of bevacizumab, tumor size, and baseline levels of MDC/CCL22 were correlated with OS. Galunisertib + lomustine failed to demonstrate improved OS relative to placebo + lomustine. Efficacy outcomes were similar in all 3 arms. NCT01582269, ClinicalTrials.gov.
PTH-024 High correlation between kudo score and histology using chromoendoscopy
Authors: S Ansari, R Sood, L-A Smith, V Hegade
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Chromoendoscopy is one of several advanced endoscopic imaging techniques that have emerged in recent years. Chromoenedoscopy can enhance and facilitate mucosal observation of pit patterns in colorectal lesions. In this study we investigated the effectiveness of this technique by exploring the correlation between Kudo score and final histology. <h3>Method</h3> This was a prospective study of all patients who had undergone endoscopic resection, by a single operator, between August 2007 and December 2012 in Bradford Royal Infirmary. Once a polyp was identified at colonoscopy, it was sprayed with Indigocarmine solution, assessed and then assigned a Kudo score (I–V). We recorded patients’ age, sex, polyp size and site, the procedure date, and the final histology. We then analysed the data by observing whether the assigned kudo score matched the final histology. A positive association was made if Kudo scores of I and II correlated with normal or hyperplastic histology, kudo scores of III and IV correlated with adenomatous histology, and if a Kudo score of V correlated with adenocarcinoma. <h3>Results</h3> In total there were 185 polypectomy cases. Of these 14 cases were excluded either because a Kudo classification was missing (7 cases), or the histology was not available (7 cases). The final analysis was performed based on the remaining 171 cases. In 149 out of these 171 cases, the Kudo score matched the final histology (87%). There was no difference in correlation score, based on polyp size or location. However, the correlation score was higher in patients under 70 age group (93%), compared to those over 70 (82%). Also, the correlation score was higher in those undergoing the procedure in 2010 or later (90%) compared to those who had it pre-2010 (82%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our results demonstrate a high correlation score between Kudo scoring and the final histology, using chromoendoscopy. Correlation scores improve over time with increasing exposure and practise. Characteristic pit patterns observed using chromoendoscopy helps to differentiate adenomatous from non-adenomatous polyps. In experienced hands, this technique provides a useful adjunct in the assessment of colorectal lesions, and can help make crucial decisions at the time of endoscopy. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Ependymal Differentiation of a Glioblastoma Multiforme After Heterotransplantation Into Nude Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: P F Jacobsen, T J Parker, J M Papadimitriou
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Journal Article Ependymal Differentiation of a Glioblastoma Multiforme After Heterotransplantation Into Nude Mice Get access Phillip F. Jacobsen, Phillip F. Jacobsen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Trudy J. Parker, Trudy J. Parker Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John M. Papadimitriou John M. Papadimitriou Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 79, Issue 4, October 1987, Pages 771–779, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/79.4.771 Published: 01 October 1987 Article history Received: 22 April 1986 Revision received: 02 June 1987 Accepted: 09 June 1987 Published: 01 October 1987
Tofacitinib Citrate for Refractory Cutaneous Dermatomyositis
Authors: Drew J. B. Kurtzman, Natalie A. Wright, Janice Lin, Alisa N. Femia, Joseph F. Merola, Mital Patel, Ruth Ann Vleugels
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

Tofacitinib Citrate for Refractory Cutaneous Dermatomyositis: An Alternative TreatmentDermatomyositis is an uncommon autoimmune disorder with distinctive cutaneous manifestations that are frequently challenging to manage.Although a number of therapies including hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, and intravenous immunoglobulin have demonstrated efficacy, few alternative treatments are available when these agents fail.Recently, tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase (JAK)-1/3 inhibitor, was approved for use in rheumatoid arthritis and has demonstrated efficacy for treating inflammatory skin diseases including psoriasis, alopecia areata, vitiligo, and atopic dermatitis. 1,2 Studies suggest that tofacitinib suppresses interferon signaling, 3 a pathway that has been found to be abnormally upregulated in dermatomyositis. 4 With this context in mind, we sought to evaluate the utility of tofacitinib for treating cutaneous dermatomyositis.
Spectrin beta Tandil, a novel shortened beta-chain variant associated with hereditary elliptocytosis is due to a deletional frameshift mutation in the beta-spectrin gene
Authors: M Garbarz, L Boulanger, S Pedroni, MC Lecomte, H Gautero, C Galand, P Boivin, L Feldman, D Dhermy
Journal: Blood (1992)
Tight Junction Protein 1 Modulates Proteasome Capacity and Proteasome Inhibitor Sensitivity in Multiple Myeloma via EGFR/JAK1/STAT3 Signaling
Authors: Xing-Ding Zhang, Veerabhadran Baladandayuthapani, Heather Lin, George Mulligan, Bin Li, Dixie-Lee W. Esseltine, Lin Qi, Jianliang Xu, Walter Hunziker, Bart Barlogie, Saad Z. Usmani, Qing Zhang, John Crowley, Antje Hoering, Jatin J. Shah, Donna M. Weber, Elisabet E. Manasanch, Sheeba K. Thomas, Bing-Zong Li, Hui-Han Wang, Jiexin Zhang, Isere Kuiatse, Jin-Le Tang, Hua Wang, Jin He, Jing Yang, Enrico Milan, Simone Cenci, Wen-Cai Ma, Zhi-Qiang Wang, Richard Eric Davis, Lin Yang, Robert Z. Orlowski
Journal: Cancer Cell (2016)
Pain Perception
Authors: Paul Geha, Stephen G. Waxman
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Identification Of Tight Junction Protein (TJP)-1 As a Modulator and Biomarker Of Proteasome Inhibitor Sensitivity In Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Xing-Ding Zhang, Veerabhadran Baladandayuthapani, Heather Yan Lin, Bart Barlogie, Saad Z Usmani, Lin Yang, Robert Z. Orlowski
Journal: Blood (2013)
Inflammation Markers and The Risk Of Post Thrombotic Syndrome: Results From The Bio-Sox Study
Authors: Anat Rabinovich, Jacqueline M Cohen, Mary Cushman, Adrielle H Houweling, Stan Shapiro, Philip S Wells, Marc A Rodger, Michael J Kovacs, David Anderson, Vicky Tagalakis, Alejandro Lazo-Langner, Susan Solymoss, Marie-José Miron, Erik Yeo, Reginald Smith, Sam Schulman, Jeannine Kassis, Clive Kearon, Isabelle Changon, Turnly Wong, Christine Demers, Rajendar Hanmiah, Scott Kaatz, Rita Selby, Suman Rathbun, Sylvie Desmarais, Lucie Opatrny, Thomas L. Ortel, Jeffrey S Ginsberg, Susan R. Kahn
Journal: Blood (2013)
Continuous inhibitory signaling by both SHP-1 and SHIP-1 pathways is required to maintain unresponsiveness of anergic B cells
Authors: Andrew Getahun, Nicole A. Beavers, Sandy R. Larson, Mark J. Shlomchik, John C. Cambier
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2016)

Many autoreactive B cells persist in the periphery in a state of unresponsiveness called anergy. This unresponsiveness is rapidly reversible, requiring continuous BCR interaction with self-antigen and resultant regulatory signaling for its maintenance. Using adoptive transfer of anergic B cells with subsequent acute induction of gene deletion or expression, we demonstrate that the continuous activities of independent inhibitory signaling pathways involving the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 and the inositol phosphatase SHIP-1 are required to maintain anergy. Acute breach of anergy by compromise of either of these pathways leads to rapid cell activation, proliferation, and generation of short-lived plasma cells that reside in extrafollicular foci. Results are consistent with predicted/observed reduction in the Lyn–SHIP-1–PTEN–SHP-1 axis function in B cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
ACUTE ENDOCARDITIS AS A COMPLICATION IN BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA
Authors: E APPLEBAUM, M S BRUNO, E HOCHSTEIN
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal