tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Learning from the abolitionists, the first social movement
Authors: Richard Smith
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The British movement to abolish slavery has much to teach us about how to get the world to respond to seemingly intractable problems, argues Richard Smith Social movements are fashionable in health. Frustrated by the inability of governments and other authorities to make change happen from the top, those wanting to change the world hope for social movements that will make change happen from the bottom. George Alleyne, the former director general of the Pan American Health Organisation, thinks that a social movement is needed to get the world to respond adequately to the pandemic of non-communicable disease. Those who want to improve quality in healthcare aspire to be a social movement. But can you create a social movement and can they change the world? We can learn much from what many have called the first social movement, the British movement to abolish slavery. There is no universally agreed definition of a social movement, but here is a reasonable one from Wikipedia (itself a sort of social movement): “They are large informal groupings of individuals and/or organizations focused on specific political or social issues, in other words, on carrying out, resisting or undoing a social change.” Charles Tilley, an American professor of social science, defines a social movement as having three components: a campaign, a sustained, organised public effort making collective claims on target authorities; a repertoire of activities like public meetings, petitions, boycotts, statements to the media, and pamphleteering; and what he calls WUNC (worthiness, unity, numbers, and commitment).1 The civil rights movement and the women’s movement are classic modern examples of social movements, and within healthcare the movements to both promote and restrict abortion rights and the global activities against tobacco might be seen as social movements. Box 1: Lessons for social movements from the abolitionists
HIGH MIDVENTRICULAR VELOCITY EARLY POST-MYECTOMY DOES NOT ADVERSELY AFFECT PROGNOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTROPHIC OBSTRUCTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Hayan Jouni, Jeffrey Geske, Vijayakumar Raju, Steve Ommen, Rick Nishimura, Hartzell Schaff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Abstract 3183: The role of G-protein coupled receptor-associated sorting protein 1 (GASP-1) in breast cancer progression
Authors: George Tuszynski, Vicki L. Rothman, Mohammed Gutu, Frank Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract An innovative “2-D High Performance Liquid Electrophoresis” (2-D HPLE) technology was used to identify serum biomarkers associated with the earliest stage of breast cancer in addition to other more advanced stages. 2-D HPLE is a newly developed electrophoretic technology that separates 100's of serum albumin complexes on a polyvinyl membrane based on their surface charges. Association of cancer proteins (biomarkers) with pre-existing albumin complexes in the blood of cancer patients results in altered mobility on the membrane. Using 2-D HPLE we identified that G-protein coupled receptor-associated sorting protein 1(GASP-1) was present in the sera of patients with early stage disease but absent in sera of normal patients. GASP-1 has been shown to modulate lysosomal sorting and functional down-regulation of a variety of G-protein coupled receptors in neuronal cells. However, no reports have linked GASP-1 to breast cancer pathogenesis. GASP-1 was detected in tumor extracts of 7 cases of stage 2 and stage 3 breast cancer but not in adjacent normal tissue as revealed by Western Blot analysis using an antibody developed against a GASP-1 peptide identified by our 2-D HPLE technology. Using this antibody, we immunohistochemically detected over-expression of GASP-1 in all 59 cases of archived ductal breast carcinoma tumor samples. When GASP-1 was silenced in MB-231 breast carcinoma, the cells grew more than 5 fold slower than corresponding vector controls. These studies identify GASP-1 as a potential new serum and tumor biomarker for breast cancer and suggest that GASP-1 may be a novel target for development of breast cancer therapeutics. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3183. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3183
AB0222 Monocyte-derived IL-32 expression correlates with the level of inflammation in salivary glands of sjÖgren’s syndrome
Authors: W. Murray-Brown, G. Picarelli, S. Vartoukian, N. Sutcliffe, F. Fortune, G. Valesini, C. Pitzalis, A. Tappuni, R. Priori, M. Bombardieri
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> IL-32, a recently described cytokine promoting pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL8 and TNFα, has emerged as a key component in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. <h3>Objectives</h3> To we investigate IL-32 expression at transctipt and protein level and identify IL-32 producing cells in the salivary glands (SG) of Sjögren’s Syndrome (SS) patients. <h3>Methods</h3> IL-32 mRNA expression level was assessed by Taqman quantitative PCR in SG of SS patients and non-specific chronic sialadenitis (NSCS) as controls. Patients and control were enrolled in two different Centres. In addition, immunohistochemistry was used to assess IL-32 expression and the formation of B/T cell aggregates. Double immunofluorescence for IL-32 and CD68 was used to identify the cellular source of IL-32 in the SG. <h3>Results</h3> Expression of IL-32 correlated with the severity of inflammation and was significantly increased in SS patients compared to NSCS controls (mean±SEM; 10.3±2.1 vs 4.1±0.5, p&lt;0.005). In addition, IL-32 mRNA correlated with the levels of CXCL13 (Spearman’s r=0.50, p=0.004), a lymphoid chemokine strictly associated with the formation of B/T cell aggregates. Immunohistochemistry identified IL-32+ cells in periductal aggregates in SS but not in controls. Conversely, both SS and control SG showed abundant IL-32 staining on salivary ductal epithelial cells. Finally, double immunofluorescence identified monocyte-derived CD68+ cells as the main source of IL-32 within lymphoid aggregates in SS. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Here we show that IL-32 expression is significantly increased in the SG of SS patients where both ductal epithelial cells and monocyte-derived cells abundantly express this cytokine. These data strongly implicate IL-32 in the maintenance of chronic inflammation in the target organ of SS. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
G1 arrest of U937 cells by onconase is associated with suppression of cyclin D3 expression, induction of p16INK4A, p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP and decreased pRb phosphorylation
Authors: G Juan, B Ardelt, X Li, SM Mikulski, K Shogen, W Ardelt, A Mittelman, Z Darzynkiewicz
Journal: Leukemia (1998)
AB0021 Study of association of CD40-CD154 gene polymorphisms with disease susceptibility and cardiovascular risk in spanish rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: M. García-Bermúdez, C. González-Juanatey, R. Lόpez-Mejías, M. Teruel, J.A. Miranda-Filloy, S. Castañeda, R. Blanco, A. Balsa, B. Fernández-Gutiérrez, I. González-Alvaro, C. Gόmez-Vaquero, J. Llorca, J. Martin, M.A. González-Gay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the prototype of inflammatory chronic diseases, is characterized by a consistent increase of cardiovascular (CV) mortality and morbidity, mainly due to an acceleration of atherosclerotic damage and multiple disease-related pathogenic mechanisms take part in this process (1-3). CD40–CD40 ligand interaction, a crucial step in autoimmune disease pathogenesis, is thought to be involved in atherogenesis and plaque rupture in RA (4). <h3>Objectives</h3> We aimed to replicate previous findings related to RA susceptibility in Spanish population. Furthermore, as the major complication in RA disease patients is the development of CV events and elevated levels of CD40L/CD154 are present in patients with acute myocardial infarction, we assessed the potential association of the <i>CD40</i> and <i>CD154</i> gene variants with the CV risk in RA patients. <h3>Methods</h3> 1505 patientsfulfilling the 1987 ACR classification criteria for RA and 1600 matched controls were genotyped for the <i>CD40</i> rs1883832, rs4810485 and rs1535045, and <i>CD154</i> rs3092952 and rs3092920 gene polymorphisms, using predesigned TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. Afterwards, we investigated the influence of <i>CD40-CD154</i> gene variants in the development of CV events. Also, in a subgroup of patients without history of CV events, we assessed the influence of these polymorphisms in the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis. <h3>Results</h3> Statistically significant differences in the allele frequencies for the <i>CD40</i> gene promoter polymorphisms between RA patients and controls were found. However, no significant associations of these polymorphisms were observed when RA patients who suffered CV events were compared with those who did not experience CV events. Similarly, no association with subclinical atherosclerosis was found. <h3>Conclusions</h3> CD40 SNPs promoter polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to RA patients. However, there is no association between CV events and CD40-CD154 axis in RA. <b>Acknowledgments:</b> Supported by two grants from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias PI06-0024 and PS09/00748 (Spain). This work was partially supported by RETICS Program, RD08/0075 (RIER) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), within the VI PN de I+D+i 2008-2011 (FEDER). MGB is a recipient of a grant from Fundaciόn Española de Reumatología (FER). <h3>References</h3> Bartoloni E, Shoenfeld Y, Gerli R. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63(2):178-83. Nurmohamed MT. Autoimmun Rev. 2009;8(8):663-7. Zinger H, Sherer Y, Shoenfeld Y. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2009;37(1):20-8. Montecucco F, Mach F. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009;48(1):11-22. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
PTU-035 Development and Initial Validation of Prognostic Scoring Systems for lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: C Smith, J M Thompson, B Vijayan, A Fraser, E M El-Omar, J S Leeds
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is a common and heterogeneous condition, in which there is a paucity of data concerning predictors of adverse outcomes. This study aimed to identify independent risk factors for adverse outcomes in LGIB, and derive prognostic scoring systems to stratify patients by risk on admission. <h3>Methods</h3> The Aberdeen bleeding unit opened in 1991 and has recorded demographics, presenting features, haemodynamic status and outcomes on all admissions in a comprehensive database. Analysis was performed on admissions due to LGIB over the period 1991 to 2005. Independent risk factors for re-bleeding, requirement for surgical intervention, and mortality at 30 days were elucidated by means of univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses. Risk factors were then modelled into simple numerical prognostic scoring systems which underwent preliminary validation tests in order to determine their predictive performance using receiver operating curve analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Over the study period, 2385 patients were admitted with LGIB. Re-bleeding was experienced in 322 (13.5%), 135 (5.7%) required surgery and 129 (5.6%) died within 30 days of admission. Multivariate analysis revealed that re-bleeding was associated with inpatient status at the time of initial bleed (OR 1.8; 95% CIs 1.3–2.5), age 60–79 (OR 1.5; 95% CIs 1.0–2.3), age &gt; 80 (OR 2.1; 95% CIs 1.3–3.2), syncope (OR 2.3; 95% CIs 1.5–3.6), underlying malignancy (OR 2.1; 95% CIs 1.0–4.3), hypotension (OR 2.3; 95% CIs 1.4–3.6) and haemoglobin &lt; 10g/dL (OR 5.0; 95% CIs 2.8–8.9). 30 day mortality was associated with inpatient status at the time of initial bleed (OR 3.3; 95% CIs 2.0–5.4), age 60–79 (OR 3.3; 95% CIs 1.5–7.1), age &gt; 80 (OR 6.0; 95% CIs 2.6–13.7), underlying liver disease (OR 7.2; 95% CIs 2.9–17.7), hypotension (OR 2.9; 95% CIs 1.5–5.3), and tachycardia (OR 2.1; 95% CIs 1.3–3.6). No independent risk factors were identified for the requirement of surgery. Separate prognostic scoring systems (0–7) were created for re-bleeding and mortality outcomes, with area under ROC curves 0.742 and 0.802 respectively. A score of 0 reflected a re-bleeding risk of 1.1% and 30 day mortality of 0.0%, whereas a score of 6 reflected a re-bleeding risk and 30 day mortality risk of 50% in both scoring systems. No patients scored the highest risk grade of 7 in either model. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These scoring systems can be used to calculate re-bleeding risk and 30 day mortality in patients with LGIB. Further external validation and confirmation is required. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
SAT0387 Visualization of cartilage as a new imaging biomarker for the quantification of joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis using DGEMRIC and T2-mapping in high-resolution magnet resonance imaging
Authors: B. Herz, S. Finzel, A. Albrecht, J. Rech, M. Englbrecht, G. Welsch, G. Schett
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Recently, the gradient-echo-based T1-delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) has been developed for the detection of proteoglycan content in cartilage; moreover, multi-echo and spin-echo T2-mapping has become increasingly popular for the assessment of cartilage hydration and collagen microstructure. Current Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-studies conclude a link between dGEMRIC and T2 and early changes of cartilage in inflammatory diseases. Yet further validation studies on their diagnostic value in inflammatory diseases are needed. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the correlation between morphological and biochemical alterations in the cartilage of patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) by high-resolution 3Tesla-MRI. <h3>Methods</h3> 29 RA-patients received a 3Tesla-MRI scan of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of the dominant hand with 2 small-diameter surface coils designed for high-resolution imaging of cartilage (0.26×0.26×105mm voxel size; Verio Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). T2-mapping and dGEMRIC were done. T2 and T1 relaxation times were obtained using a region-of-interest (ROI) evaluation. MCP heads and bases were scored semiquantitatively for synovitis, bone marrow edema (BME) and bone erosion (BE) using the RA MRI scoring (RAMRIS) system; joint space and cartilage thickness were measured perpendicular to the joint plane in all 3 joint regions (fig. 1a). <h3>Results</h3> For correlation analysis means of real and total joint spaces (RJS, TJS), RAMRIS-subscores, and ROIs of dGEMRIC- and T2-evaluations were used (fig. 1a: source data acquisition, fig. 1b: correlation analysis). Early changes of cartilage such as BME and synovitis in RAMRIS as compared to dGEMRIC were correlated negative (p=0.029; p=0.003); likewise, BME and synovitis showed positive correlation (p=0.013; p=0.015) in T2. In contrast, changes of periarticular structure occurring at later stages of the disease such as BE did not correlate with dGEMRIC (p=0.704) and weakly with T2 (p=0.026). All joint space subanalyses of MCP3 despite RJS correlated with dGEMRIC and T2 mainly in medial region (TJS p=0.017; TCT p=0.020; CT p=0.018). Additionally, in dGEMRIC MCP2 and RJS correlated in ulnar side (p=0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> dGEMRIC and T2-mapping in high-resolution MRI enable exact detection of very early inflammatory changes in cartilage known to precede RA-typical periarticular bone damage. This is important both for early discovery of damages, adequate therapy decisions and -monitoring; this may also influence the development of future anti-inflammatory drugs. Additional studies on mechanical influences on cartilage are needed to further evaluate the mechanisms of joint space alterations. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
REAL-WORLD COMPARISON OF MAJOR BLEEDING RISK AMONG UNTREATED NON-VALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION PATIENTS AND THOSE INITIATING APIXABAN, DABIGATRAN, RIVAROXABAN, OR WARFARIN
Authors: Alpesh Amin, Allison Keshishian, Lin Xie, Onur Baser, Kwanza Price, Lien Vo, Jack Mardekian, Mario Mendoza, Shalabh Singhal, Chad Patel, Kevin Odell, Jeffrey Trocio
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Incidental Meningioma Detected on 18F-Fluoride With PET/CT During Initial Staging for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Tee Yin Tracy Teo, Yusuf Menda, Parren McNeely, Daniel Kahn, Michael Graham
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 72-year-old man with recently diagnosed high-grade prostate adenocarcinoma with a Gleason score of 7 and PSA of 3.7 underwent ¹⁸F-fluoride PET/CT bone scan. The ¹⁸F-fluoride PET/CT bone scan showed increased uptake in the brain in the right frontal lobe. The follow-up MRI revealed a right frontal meningioma.
Gastric low-grade MALT lymphoma, high-grade MALT lymphoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma show different frequencies of trisomy
Authors: MA Hoeve, IAM Gisbertz, HC Schouten, E Schuuring, FJ Bot, J Hermans, A Hopman, PhM Kluin, J-W Arends, JHJM van Krieken
Journal: Leukemia (1999)
Group Defines Directions for Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: K. Smigel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Group Defines Directions for Colorectal Cancer Screening Get access Kara Smigel Kara Smigel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 13, 6 July 1994, Pages 958–960, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.13.958 Published: 06 July 1994
S117 Effects of Hypoxia on Eosinophil Apoptosis, Efferocytosis and Sensitivity to Glucocorticosteroids
Authors: L Porter, AS Cowburn, N Farahi, CA Fiddler, AM Condliffe, ER Chilvers
Journal: Thorax (2012)

Many tissues including the skin, intestinal epithelium and potentially the airway operate at ‘physiological’ levels of tissue hypoxia with normal <i>P</i>O<sub>2</sub> values below 3KPa. Both sterile and non-sterile inflammation exacerbates the degree of tissue hypoxia and predicates the need for granulocytes including eosinophils to operate efficiently under hypoxia. In these experiments we have examined the effects of hypoxia on eosinophil longevity and show that a <i>P</i>O<sub>2</sub> below 3KPa severely attenuates the pro-apoptotic effect of dexamethasone. Human blood eosinophils were prepared from healthy donors using hetastarch-sedimentation and EasySep<sup>®</sup>-immunomagenetic beads, and cultured in RPMI + 10% autologous serum for 6–24 h. Apoptosis and efferocytosis were quantified using standard morphology, AnV/PI staining and myeloperoxidase counter-stain methods. Hypoxic incubation (H) (media <i>P</i>O<sub>2</sub> 2.9±0.1 KPa) caused a marked survival response in eosinophils compared to normoxia (N) (% apoptosis at 24 h: N 16.3±3.0%; H 1.2±0.2%, n=5), which was of similar magnitude to that observed with IL-5 (N 4.2±0.3%). This hypoxic survival effect was mimicked by the iron chelator/2-oxyglutarate analogue DFO (10 mM) and DMOG (1 mM) and blocked in a concentration-dependent manner by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. In preliminary experiments hypoxia also independently reduced the capacity of monocyte-derived macrophages to phagocytose apoptotic eosinophils as seen previously with neutrophils. Most strikingly, hypoxic incubation also reduced the normal pro-apoptotic effect of dexamethasone (1 µM) (% apoptosis at 24 h: N + Dex 27.6±3.9%, H + Dex 11.2±2.9%). qPCR analysis of the glucocorticosteroid-dependent gene <i>GILZ</i> and the hypoxia-HIF-1α-dependent gene <i>GLUT1</i> demonstrated that the above suppression of dex-induced eosinophil apoptosis was not a consequence of the inhibition of steroid-induced transcriptional activity (mRNA fold change at 16 h: <i>GILZ</i> N 12.89±3.6, <i>GILZ</i> H 23.9±9.2; <i>GLUT1</i> H (control) 28.5±7.2, <i>GLUT1</i> H (Dex) 45.5±13.5, n=3). These data suggest that hypoxia can cause a profound effect on eosinophil longevity and macrophage uptake, and render these cells partially resistant to the pro-apoptotic effects of dexamethasone. This may impede the effective resolution of eosinophilic inflammation<i> in vivo.</i>
A6.8 Tissue chitchat: wired communication between cells
Authors: RA Byrne, K von Dalwigk, I Olmos Calvo, F Kartnig, M Rothbauer, V Charwat, T Karonitsch, P Ertl, G Steiner, C Schöfer, J Holinka, JS Smolen, C Scheinecker, HP Kiener
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> The synovium is primarily built by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) that are connected to one another via cellular processes, thus forming a continuous network of cells. Its multicellularity requires precise coordination between cells to bring forth specialised tissue functions critical to joint homeostasis. Cell-to-cell transfer of cytoplasmic cargo may provide a means for intercellular communication, thereby facilitating the concerted behaviour of FLS. Using a 3D in-vitro model of the synovium, we analysed FLS capacity for exchange of cytoplasmic content. <h3>Methods</h3> Human FLS were prepared from synovial tissues obtained as discarded specimens following joint arthroplasty. Cells were cultured in spherical matrigel micromasses with an average size of 2 mm Ø. For confocal live cell imaging and transmission electron microscopy, FLS were loaded with fluorescent non-degradable microspheres and labelled with fluorescent membrane dyes. Analysis of the resulting 4D movies was done with Imaris<sup>®</sup> software. <h3>Results</h3> To examine intercellular cytoplasmatic transfer, we labelled 50% of FLS with red cell tracker dye and loaded the other 50% with green microspheres. In a time series (8 days), we found that microspheres do indeed appear in red labelled cells. First evidence was found on Day 1 and over the course of the following days microspheres accumulated in red labelled cells with a transfer rate of 10% of newly affected cells/day. A similar experiment in 2D demonstrated microsphere movement within interconnecting membrane nanotubes. Transfer rates for microspheres into red cells were identical. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) identified extracellular vesicles (exosomes) in discrete regions of intimate cell-to-cell contact but also open interconnecting tubes, suggesting distinct modes for transfer. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These studies reveal transfer of cytoplasmic cargo between FLS and may provide insight into how the synovial tissue operates. Further studies will demonstrate the significance of directed cargo exchange for cellular cooperation and the function of the normal as well as the diseased synovium.
Private firms are told that NHS in England is open for 20bn worth of business
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Changes to the NHS in England are providing private companies with business opportunities worth £20bn (€25bn; $33bn), a report to potential investors in the healthcare sector has said.

The report by Catalyst Corporate Finance, which advises companies on investments, says that there is a “significant opportunity for the private sector in primary and secondary care.”1

The report points to recent contracts awarded to Circle and Virgin Care to run NHS services as evidence that the government needs the private sector to reduce the cost of healthcare.

In February Circle became the first private firm to run an NHS hospital when it was awarded the contract to the run Hinchingbrooke Hospital in Cambridgeshire.2 In April Virgin Care took over the running of NHS community health services in two parts of Surrey in a £500m deal agreed with the local primary care trust.3 …
ASSESSMENT OF MYOCARDIAL VIABILITY BASED ON DUAL-SOURCE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: COMPARISON WITH MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Authors: Sang Jin Ha, Hyuk-Jae Chang, Jang Yeonggul, Hackjoon Shim, In-Jeong Cho, Chi Young Shim, Geu-Ru Hong, Namsik Chung
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)