tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Considerations in the Development of Lung Cancer Screening Tools
Authors: J. L. Mulshine, M. S. Tockman, C. R. Smart
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Considerations in the Development of Lung Cancer Screening Tools Get access James L. Mulshine, James L. Mulshine * Biotherapy Section, Navy Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD *Correspondence to: Dr. J. L. Mulshine, NCI-Navy Medical Oncology Branch, National Naval Medical Center, Bldg. 8, Rm. 5101, Bethesda, MD 20814-5105 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Melvyn S. Tockman, Melvyn S. Tockman School of Medicine and Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles R. Smart Charles R. Smart Early Detection Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 12, 21 June 1989, Pages 900–906, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.12.900 Published: 21 June 1989 Article history Received: 04 May 1989 Accepted: 05 May 1989 Published: 21 June 1989
Sprain-Fractures of the Anterior Lip of the Os Calcis
Authors: Charles H. Bradford, Ivar Larsen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

IN 1931 Dachtier1 presented a study of 26 cases of "fractures of the anterior, superior portion of the os calcis due to indirect violence." This was followed by a report published independently by Christopher2 in which he suggested that these fractures might be a "common injury which deserves recognition as a definite clinical entity." These fractures have been overlooked in the literature since that time, except for a recent excellent article by Gellman.3 Nevertheless, the injury is not uncommon. Two years ago this injury was called to our attention; since then we have seen 26 cases in our clinics and . . .
Factors Predisposing to Oropharyngeal Colonization with Gram-Negative Bacilli in the Aged
Authors: William M. Valenti, Randall G. Trudell, David W. Bentley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

To assess the factors responsible for oropharyngeal colonization with gram-negative bacilli among elderly persons in institutions, we performed a cross-sectional survey of 407 volunteers, 65 years of age and older, who had not received antimicrobials in the previous four weeks. Colonization increased with level of care: from 9 per cent in independent residents of apartments to 60 per cent in patients on an acute hospital ward (P less than 0.0001). Klebsiella species was found in 41 per cent of those with colonization, Escherichia coli in 24 per cent and enterobacter species in 14 per cent. There was no association between numbers of normal flora and numbers of gram-negative bacilli. Associated with colonization were bladder incontinence, deteriorating or terminal clinical status, inability to walk or perform activities of daily living and incapacitation due to neoplastic, respiratory and cardiac disease (P less than 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that respiratory disease and being bedridden contributed most to colonization.
LOWER CIRCULATING LEVELS OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RELATED APOPTOSIS-INDUCING LIGAND (TRAIL) ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED SUB-CLINICAL CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN SMOKERS
Authors: Oluremi Ajala, Divay Chandra, Yingze Zhang, Steven Reis, Samir Saba, Frank Sciurba
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
SP0158 Why do Patients Delay in Seeking Help
Authors: K. Raza
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

Inflammatory arthritis is common and associated with significant articular and extra-articular complications. Outcomes are improved if treatment is started early and, certainly for rheumatoid arthritis, the first three months after the onset of symptoms represent a therapeutic window of opportunity. Unfortunately many patients miss this window – often as a result of the patient delaying in seeking medical help. Reasons for patient delays in seeking medical help in the context of RA include: [1] A lack of knowledge of: (i) RA and its symptoms; (ii) their individual risk of RA; (iii) available treatments for RA. [2] The normalization of symptoms and the initial use of self-management approaches. [3] Not wanting to "waste" a health care professional's time. [4] A poor relationship with their family doctor. Drivers for help seeking typically include the worsening of symptoms and the development of significant functional impairment. This is a particular concern in the context of inflammatory rheumatic diseases which often begin insidiously and for which delaying help seeking until significant functional impairment is apparent can have deleterious long term consequence. An understanding of these issues will help inform the development of public health campaigns to encourage prompt help seeking at the onset of symptoms of inflammatory arthritis. Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.6224
Hyperchloremic Acidosis in Chronic Pyelonephritis
Authors: Willoughby Lathem
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

HYPERCHLOREMIC acidosis is a characteristic feature of a variety of kidney diseases that have in common impairment of urinary acidification with the excretion of an alkaline urine. These disorders, which include, prominently, renal tubular acidosis and the Fanconi syndrome, are characterized principally by minimal alterations in glomerular filtration rate, at least in early stages, and by disturbances in renal tubular function that affect not only urinary acidification but also the tubular transport of, variously, glucose, phosphate, urate, amino acids and potassium.1 2 3 The mechanisms responsible for these alterations have not been established. The loss of alkali in the urine or, alternatively, . . .
Third parties belief in a just world and secondary victimization
Authors: Farzaneh Pahlavan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract This commentary focuses on how third parties impact the course of acts of revenge based on their world views, such as belief in a just world. Assuming this belief to be true, the following questions could be asked: (a) What are the consequences of a third party's worldview in terms of secondary victimization? (b) Are bystanders actually aware of these consequences? (c) If so, then why do they let it happens?
A7.7 Synovial tissue profiling in autoantibody positive individuals without arthritis reveals gene signatures associated with subsequent development of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: LGM van Baarsen, MJH de Hair, JF Semmelink, IY Choi, DM Gerlag, PP Tak
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Previous work has suggested subtle infiltration of synovial T cells in the absence of overt synovial inflammation in individuals at risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <h3>Objective</h3> To study the molecular changes in synovial tissue preceding arthritis development in preclinical RA. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Sixty-one individuals who were IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) and/or anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) positive and without any evidence of arthritis were included. All individuals underwent mini-arthroscopic synovial biopsy sampling of a knee joint at inclusion and were prospectively followed. An explorative genome-wide transcriptional profiling study was performed on synovial biopsies obtained from 13 individuals using Agilent arrays (test cohort). Survival analysis within the software package Significance Analysis of Microarrays was used to identify transcripts with a significant association with arthritis development. The expression level of differentially expressed genes was validated using quantitative real-time PCR in the total cohort. <h3>Results</h3> Six of the 13 individuals in the explorative study developed RA after a median follow up time of 20 months (IQR 2 – 44). The 7 individuals who did not develop RA had a median follow up time of 56 months (IQR 56 – 60). Using a False Discovery Rate of &lt; 5% we found that increased expression of 3,151 transcripts correlated with a higher risk of arthritis development, and increased expression of 2,437 transcripts correlated with a lower risk. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed that synovial biopsies of individuals who developed RA after follow up display higher expression of genes involved in several immune response-related pathways (e.g. T cell and B cell receptor pathways, cytokine and chemokine signalling and antigen processing and presentation) compared with biopsies of individuals who did not develop RA. In contrast, lower expression was observed for genes involved in e.g. extracellular matrix receptor interaction, Wnt-mediated signal transduction and lipid metabolism. Subsequently, the expression level of a selection of 26 differentially expressed genes was validated by quantitative real-time PCR in the total cohort (n = 61). Two-way hierarchical cluster analysis classified the individuals into two groups, where those individuals who developed arthritis (n = 16) showed a preference to cluster together in the left arm of the dendogram (Fisher’s exact test P &lt; 0.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study clearly shows molecular changes appearing in synovial tissues before onset of arthritis in the absence of overt synovitis and demonstrates preclinical synovial activation of immune response genes associated with development of arthritis.
Abstract 5024: Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of High Sensitive Troponin T in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Michael W Weber, Holger Nef, Helge Moellmann, Sarah Mayer, Christoph Liebetrau, Mariella Woelken, Christian W Hamm
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Cardiac troponins are the gold standard for diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with ACS. As a threshold for troponins, the serum concentration which is identical to the 99 th percentile of a healthy population has been defined. However, this threshold has to measurable with sufficient analytical precision (CV&lt;10%). In the past, troponin assays were not able to measure a troponin concentration at the 99th percentile with sufficient precision. However newly developed highsensitive troponin assays will enable measurement at the 99th percentile with the required precision. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of a new hs TnT assay in comparison to the established TnT assay. Methods and results: From April 2003 until April 2005 all consecutive patients (n=1023, 30% females, median age 65 years) admitted because of an ACS within the last 48 hours were included. Diagnosis was myocardial infarction in 857 (84%) patients. Clinical follow up after 6 months was available. During this period 72 (7.0%) patients died. Conventional TnT was measured on admission and at day 1 (Elecsys®, Roche, Germany). A TnT &gt; 0.03 ng/ml was considered positive. High sensitive troponin T (hsTnT) was measured on admission (Elecsys®, Roche, Germany). For this assay, a threshold of 0.012 ng/ml, which is the 99 th percentile and identical with the 10% CV, has been applied. On admission 694 (68%) of the patients were TnT positive, yielding a sensitivity of 81% for the diagnosis of MI. In comparison, 879 (86%) of the patients were hsTnT positive on admission yielding a sensitivity of 96%. The AUC of the ROC curves for TnT and hsTnT for the diagnosis of MI were comparable (0.929 for TnT and 0.954 for hsTnT). Among the 329 patients who were TnT negative on admission, in 133 patients MI could have been diagnosed correctly by hsTnT (sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 67%). In a multivariate Cox regression model, hsTnT was an independent predictor for mortality. In this model, conventional TnT lost its predictive value. Conclusion: A new hs TnT assay enables early diagnosis of MI with a higher sensitivity as conventional TnT assays. Furthermore, hsTnT levels provide stronger prognostic information for mortality within 6 months as conventional TnT levels.
Abstract P4-02-09: Molecular Breast Imaging: the sensitivity of breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI) as a diagnostic adjunct to mammography and ultrasound in a triple assessment protocol
Authors: JM Weigert, DA Kieper, LH Stern, M Böhm-Vélez
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: BSGI is a diagnostic breast imaging procedure becoming more common in clinical breast practice. The goal of this work is to quantify its performance as an addition to mammography and ultrasound in detection of breast carcinoma when used in the community breast center setting. Methods: A multi-center patient registry was maintained for all patients routinely sent to BSGI as part of their diagnostic work up. From the registry data, patients who had a mammogram followed by ultrasound and BSGI were selected for evaluation. The BIRADS rating schematic was used for mammography and sonography and a similar category system was used for the BSGI images. For each modality, the reports were classified as positive (categories 4–6) or Negative (categories 0–3). Needle and/or surgical biopsy were conducted as deemed clinically necessary and all patients who had a malignant diagnosis by pathology were entered into this analysis. Results: 731 patients had all three imaging modalities as part of their diagnostic work up resulting in 180 malignancies confirmed by pathology: 29 ductal carcinoma in-situ, 110 infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 11 infiltrating lobular carcinoma, 9 papillary carcinoma and 21 mixed component malignancies. Mammography was positive in 130 (sensitivity = 72%) while ultrasound was positive in 114 (sensitivity = 63%) and BSGI was positive in 147 (sensitivity = 82%). The combination of mammography and ultrasound was positive in 163 cases (sensitivity = 90%) while the addition of BSGI provided positive findings for 177 malignancies resulting in a sensitivity of 98%. A subsequent breast MRI detected one of the lesions missed by the three modalities while two lesions were found by pathology alone. Conclusions: Of the three imaging modalities, BSGI provided the highest independent sensitivity and when added to the diagnostic workup, BSGI detected an additional 14 malignancies, increasing the sensitivity from 90% to 98%. Although it is beyond the scope of this work, it is interesting to note that the cost of the BSGI procedure is relatively low, about $320, and that in this population the BSGI specificity was 74%. In summary, when added to the diagnostic work up of patients in the community breast cancer, BSGI can improve the detection of breast malignancy when compared to mammography and ultrasound alone. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-02-09.
Abstract 2709: Peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian cancer: tissue markers as predictors of response to chemotherapy
Authors: Arienti Chiara, Wainer Zoli, Giorgio Maria Verdecchia, Salvatore Virzi, Antonio Grassi, Emanuela Scarpi, Livia Turci, Sara Bravaccini, Emanuele Sacanna, Rosella Silvestrini, Dino Amadori, Anna Tesei
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Epithelial ovarian cancers represent 80 to 90% of all ovarian malignancies and are the most common cause of death from gynecological tumors in the Western world. The absence of specific symptoms in the early stages of disease means that around two-thirds of patients are initially diagnosed with advanced disease and/or peritoneal dissemination. Although standard primary treatment now exists for advanced ovarian cancer, there is still no single accepted therapeutic strategy for those who develop recurrent intra-abdominal disease more than 6 months after a complete response. The present study aimed to identify a panel of genes whose expression is correlated with sensitivity or resistance to platinum compounds. Material and methods: Fresh surgical biopsy specimens were obtained from 22 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer during intra-abdominal cytoreductive surgery. Expression levels of ERCC1, GSTP1, MGMT, XPD, BRCA1 were determined by Real Time RT-PCR. Relative gene expression was quantified according to the comparative threshold cycle method (2-ΔΔCτ) using β2-microglobulin and HPRT as endogenous controls and commercial RNA controls derived from normal ovarian tissue mRNA as calibrators. The correlation between pre- and post-surgery expression levels of these markers and response to platinum treatment was examined. Results: Time to progression (TTP) was calculated from the first day of treatment to the date on which objective disease progression was first documented, or death in the absence of progressive disease. At univariate analysis, estimated hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using the Cox proportional hazard model. In particular, the risk of progression increased significantly as ERCC1 (HR=12.00, 95% CI 1.08-133.35, p=0.04), GSTP1 (HR=6.01, 95% CI 1.09-33.01, p=0.004), XPD (HR=10.37, 95% CI 1.26-85.52, p=0.003), MGMT (HR=10.26, 95% CI 1.18-88.94, p=0.035) and BRCA1 (HR= 7.52, 95% CI 1.32-42.74, p=0.023) levels increased. Conclusions: Our results indicate that these biomarkers could be useful predictors of clinical response to platinum compounds in patients with advanced ovarian cancer who develop recurrent intra-abdominal disease. It is now planned to compare tailored and empiric therapy in a well-designed randomized trial. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2709.
Abstract P6-09-08: Patient Preference for Intra-Operative (TARGIT) or External Beam Radiotherapy Following Breast Conservation
Authors: M Alvarado, J Connolly, M Oboite, D Moore, C Park, L. Esserman
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Recently published data for the TARGIT Trial (a randomized trial comparing Intraoperative Radiotherapy [IORT] for equivalence to External Beam Radiotherapy [EBRT] following lumpectomy for invasive breast cancer for selected low risk patients) shows equivalence for the IORT and EBRT arms at 4 years follow-up[1]. The TARGIT steering committee originally used a 2.5% non-inferiority margin for statistical considerations at trial initiation. We hypothesized that patients would indeed choose IORT even with the possible 2.5% inferior local recurrence rate and can now compare recently published data to patient preference. Methods: We used a validated tradeoff technique to quantify any additional risk patients would accept to receive either treatment. Subjects who were candidates for breast conserving radiation were presented with a slideshow comparing EBRT with IORT, and then asked their preference given hypothetical recurrence risks. Two initial Tradeoff Slides were used to assess whether the initial risk comparison had an effect on patients’ switch points. The first stated both forms of radiotherapy lead to a 10% 10 year risk of local recurrence, while the second stated EBRT leads to a 10% risk versus an IORT risk of 20%. Subsequent tradeoff slides incrementally increased or decreased the rate of recurrence associated with IORT until the subject preference changed. Results: Data from 81 patients were analyzed. The median additional accepted risk to have IORT was 2% (-9% to 39%). There were two outliers who accepted 34% and 39% additional risk with IORT. Only 7 patients chose to accept additional risk for EBRT; 22 accepted IORT at no additional risk, and the remaining 52 chose IORT with some additional risk. Patients who were grade 2 or 3 (versus 1) were more likely to accept a higher additional risk for IORT. No other factors studied correlated with a higher additional tolerated risk for IORT. Conclusions: Some patients chose to consider IORT even if experimental and with a higher risk for 10 year local recurrence compared to EBRT. The recetly published results from the TARGIT Trial at 4 years reported a 1.2% (95%CI 0.53-2.71) local recurrence rate for TARGIT and a 0.95% (95%CI 0.39-2.3) local recurrence for EBRT, clearly within the projected margin of 2.5% inferiority. Thus, it may be appropriate to consider offering TARGIT as an informed option on registry trial to selected low-risk patients. 1. Vaidya, J et al. Targeted intraoperative radiotherapy versus whole breast radiotherapy for breast cancer (TARGIT-A trial), Lancet available online June 4, 2010 Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-09-08.
New Law Strictly Limits French Researcher's Travel
Authors: C. Vanchieri, S. Degola
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article New Law Strictly Limits French Researcher's Travel Get access Cori Vanchieri, Cori Vanchieri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stella Degola Stella Degola Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 12, 16 June 1993, Pages 943–944, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.12.943 Published: 16 June 1993
Abstract P5-04-02: Tumor Associated High Endothelial Venules (HEV) Predict Lymphocyte Infiltration and Breast Cancer Patients Clinical Outcome
Authors: I Garrido, L Martinet, T Filleron, S Leguellec, P Rochaix, JP. Girard
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Even if lymphocyte presence within tumor tissues and its impact on cancer patient prognosis have been well documented past few years, the type of tumor vessels governing infiltration of effector cells into tumors remain to be determined. High endothelial venules (HEV) are specialized vessels for lymphocyte recruitment physiologically present in secondary lymphoidorgans also found in chronic inflammation that may impact lymphocyte recruitment and cancer patient's clinical outcome. We recently identified HEV like vessels in the peritumoral stroma of human solid tumors including melanomas, breast, colon, ovarian, and lung carcinomas. In order to better analyse the functional consequence of HEV presence within human solid tumors, we quantified HEV and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes by immunohistochemistry on serial tumor sections of 146 breast cancer patients. We demonstrate that HEV like vessels density within tumor stroma is an important predictor of CD3+, CD8+ T and B lymphocyte tumor infiltration suggesting an active role played by these vessels in peripheral blood lymphocyte migration into tumors. The breast tumor infiltrating lymphocyte phenotype associated with HEV presence was further characterized by large scale flow cytometry analysis in 30 freshly operated breast tumors. Breast tumors with a high density of HEV (HEVhi) have increased numbers of effector memory T cells (CD45RA-CD62L-) that display an activated mature phenotype (CD69+, Granzyme A+, Granzyme B+, perforin+). T cells with a naïve (CD45RA+CD62L+) and a central memory (CD45RA-CD62L+) phenotype are also specifically increased within HEVhi tumors as compared to HEVlo tumors. Finally, we analyzed the prognostic value of HEV in a retrospective cohort of 146 invasive breast cancer patients and demonstrate that HEV density within tumor stroma is an independent predictor of good clinical outcome. Indeed, HEVhi patients have a significantly longer metastasis free survival (MFS) (p&amp;lt; 0,004), disease free survival (DFS) (P&amp;lt;0,012) and overall survival (OS) (P&amp;lt;0,023) than HEVlo patients. HEV like vessels, through the recruitment of high number of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes from the periphery could limit the dissemination of primary breast tumors and prevent metastatic recurrence. Therefore, signals and cells that stimulate HEV differentiation within tumor stroma represent important solid tumors therapeutic target to modulate immune infiltration and patient's clinical outcome. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-04-02.