tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemic Diarrheal Diseases of Suckling Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Alwin M. Pappenheimer, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1958)

Epidemic Diarrheal Diseases of Suckling Mice Get access Alwin M. Pappenheimer, M.D. Alwin M. Pappenheimer, M.D. Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 20, Issue 5, May 1958, Pages 861–865, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/20.5.861 Published: 01 May 1958
The MTAS process
Authors: Philip Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

We welcome your rapid responses, whether in direct response to an article in Career Focus or as a way of sharing your own ideas. As long as it isn9t libellous or offensive, we9ll post it on our website. We print a selection of rapid reponses here and the writer of the best each month wins an <i>Oxford Handbook</i> of their choice. Letter of the month prize is donated by OUP.
A Study of the Chemical Constitution and Carcinogenic Action of Creosote Oil<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref>
Authors: William Lijinsky, Umberto Saffiotti, Philippe Shubik
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1957)

A Study of the Chemical Constitution and Carcinogenic Action of Creosote Oil Get access William Lijinsky, William Lijinsky Division of Oncology, The Chicago Medical School, Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Umberto Saffiotti, Umberto Saffiotti Division of Oncology, The Chicago Medical School, Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Philippe Shubik Philippe Shubik Division of Oncology, The Chicago Medical School, Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 18, Issue 5, May 1957, Pages 687–692, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/18.5.687 Published: 01 May 1957 Article history Received: 16 January 1957 Published: 01 May 1957
Utility of quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to predict non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) recurrence.
Authors: H. M. Rosevear, A. J. Lightfoot, M. A. O'Donnell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

286 Background: Urovysion's (Abbot Laboratories, Downers Grove, IL) FISH analysis is used to monitor bladder cancer recurrence in patients with a history of NMIBC and is often reported as a binary variable (normal/abnormal). We investigated whether the percentage of abnormal cells as determined by FISH analysis in patients with a history of NMIBC correlated with risk of recurrence. Methods: At our institution, barbotage FISH analysis is routinely done along with cystoscopy and cytology on both high risk (Ta/T1 high grade or CIS) and low or intermediate risk patients (all others) at every 3-month follow-up for the first year post-resection. We retrospectively reviewed 241 consecutive NMIBC patients and identified 399 FISH analyses for which we had one year follow-up. Normal FISH analyses were defined as 2 or fewer abnormal cells per sample. We calculated the percentage of abnormal cells and correlated that to the number of patients who had a recurrence of NMIBC as defined by positive high grade cytology or tumor on cystoscopy during the first year of follow-up. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of FISH analysis if reported as a binary variable was 55, 43, 16 and 89%, respectively. Considering only those patients with abnormal FISH, the average percentage of abnormal cells for patients who were found to have NMIBC recurrence at 1 year was 38% (range 6–100) compared to 21% (range 6–100) for patients who were recurrence-free at 1 year (p&lt;0.0001). High risk patients who recurred within 1 year had a statistically higher percentage of abnormal cells as compared to those who did not recur within 1 year (50% [range 6–100] vs. 25% [range 6– 100], respectively p=0.001). There was no difference in the percentage of abnormal cells for those patients with low or intermediate risk disease based on recurrence within 1 year (22% [range 6–100] vs. 20% [range 6–100], respectively p=0.25). Conclusions: The percentage of abnormal cells in FISH analysis correlates with risk of recurrence for patients with high risk disease and can be used to guide surveillance interval decisions in patients with no other evidence of recurrence. [Table: see text]
Comparison of EndoPredict and EPclin With Oncotype DX Recurrence Score for Prediction of Risk of Distant Recurrence After Endocrine Therapy
Authors: Richard Buus, Ivana Sestak, Ralf Kronenwett, Carsten Denkert, Peter Dubsky, Kristin Krappmann, Marsel Scheer, Christoph Petry, Jack Cuzick, Mitch Dowsett
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2016)

Background: Estimating distant recurrence (DR) risk among women with estrogen receptor–positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–negative early breast cancer helps decisions on using adjuvant chemotherapy. The 21-gene Oncotype DX recurrence score (RS) is widely used for this. EndoPredict (EPclin) is an alternative test combining prognostic information from an eight-gene signature (EP score) with tumor size and nodal status. We compared the prognostic information provided by RS and EPclin for 10-year DR risk. Methods: We used likelihood ratio χ² and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses to compare prognostic information provided by EP, EPclin, RS, and the clinical treatment score (CTS) of clinicopathologic parameters in 928 patients with ER+ disease treated with five years' anastrozole or tamoxifen. Comparisons were made for early (0-5 years) and late (5-10 years) DR according to nodal status. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: In the overall population, EP and EPclin provided substantially more prognostic information than RS (LRχ2: EP = 49.3; LRχ2: EPclin = 139.3; LRχ2: RS = 29.1), with greater differences in late DR and in node-positive patients. EP and EPclin remained statistically significantly prognostic when adjusted for RS (ΔLRχ2: EP+RS vs RS = 20.2; ΔLRχ2: EPclin+RS vs RS = 113.8). Using predefined cut-offs, EPclin and RS identified 58.8% and 61.7% patients as low risk, with hazard ratios for non-low vs low risk of 5.99 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.94 to 9.11) and 2.73 (95% CI = 1.91 to 3.89), respectively. Conclusions: EP and EPclin were highly prognostic for DR in endocrine-treated patients with ER+, HER2-negative disease. EPclin provided more prognostic information than RS. This was partly but not entirely because of EPclin integrating molecular data with nodal status and tumor size.
Soundings: A first class service
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Twenty four hours ago, one of my relatives sustained some nasty injuries. You will at some stage have experienced a comparable sequence of events. An unremarkable work day, shattered by a phone call you will remember for the rest of your life. You make the most of the clear headed minutes before shock sets in to cancel meetings and negotiate cross cover. You drive dry throated down an interminable motorway, musing on unknowns and unknowables. How much pain? How much disfigurement? How will we cope? You find the hospital, its strangeness mellowed by familiar NHS landmarks and symbols. You queue for triage alongside the usual midnight clientele—the raving, the bleeding, the worried well—and brace yourself for the impending reunion as you follow directions to the ward.

Among all this, there is the overwhelming relief that your broken relative is a British citizen who is covered by the most comprehensive healthcare system in the world. The stage on which your private family drama is played out—the ambulance that rushed to the scene, the surgeon summoned from his sleep, the sophisticated trauma bed on which your loved one now lies, the heaven sent narcotic infusion—are all free at the point of need, paid for at some other time by the taxes of more affluent and less sick members of society.

But times are changing. When you arrive at the visitors' car park, exhausted and anxious, you must find handfuls of pound coins to avert a clamping scenario by a private finance initiative (PFI) contractor. Will you be staying for one hour, three hours, or eight hours? You wish you knew.

You are told that your relative has a personal phone and television, for which pre-pay cards are available from a vending machine in the corridor. It takes £20 notes. You part with two, since your relative needs to make a lot of calls right now and no sensory input apart from the television is available. Whenever you call your relative from outside on the premium rate number, you must listen to a PFI jingle and be invited to top up your relative's credit by keying in your own card details.

You pay up because you love your relative. And because you can afford it. Make no mistake: privatising the non-essential elements of NHS care is a stealth tax on the most frequent users of its services.
Cardiac Arrhythmias. Diagnosis and Treatment.
Authors: M Møller, T Pindborg, E Sandøe, E H Simonsen, P E Thomsen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

This review is a task force report prepared by a working group appointed by the Danish Society of International Medicine. The report gives guidelines for the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias and for the referral of patients to centers with electrophysiological experience.
Altered Gut Microbial Profile is a Proponent of Bacterial Translocation in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: V.C. Patel, L.E.X. Leong, G. Koller, S. Knapp, G. Lai, A. Singanayagam, C. Bernsmeier, M.J.W. McPhail, D.L. Shawcross, C.G. Antoniades, M. Thursz, J.A. Wendon, G.B. Rogers, K.D. Bruce
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
Integrated Analysis of Multiple Biomarkers from Circulating Tumor Cells Enabled by Exclusion-Based Analyte Isolation
Authors: Jamie M. Sperger, Lindsay N. Strotman, Allison Welsh, Benjamin P. Casavant, Zachery Chalmers, Sacha Horn, Erika Heninger, Stephanie M. Thiede, Jacob Tokar, Benjamin K. Gibbs, David J. Guckenberger, Lakeesha Carmichael, Scott M. Dehm, Philip J. Stephens, David J. Beebe, Scott M. Berry, Joshua M. Lang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Purpose: There is a critical clinical need for new predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarkers that evaluate pathway activity in patients treated with targeted therapies. A microscale platform known as VERSA (versatile exclusion-based rare sample analysis) was developed to integrate readouts across protein, mRNA, and DNA in circulating tumor cells (CTC) for a comprehensive analysis of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. Experimental Design: Utilizing exclusion-based sample preparation principles, a handheld chip was developed to perform CTC capture, enumeration, quantification, and subcellular localization of proteins and extraction of mRNA and DNA. This technology was validated across integrated endpoints in cell lines and a cohort of patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treated with AR-targeted therapies and chemotherapies. Results: The VERSA was validated in cell lines to analyze AR protein expression, nuclear localization, and gene expression targets. When applied to a cohort of patients, radiographic progression was predicted by the presence of multiple AR splice variants and activity in the canonical AR signaling pathway. AR protein expression and nuclear localization identified phenotypic heterogeneity. Next-generation sequencing with the FoundationOne panel detected copy number changes and point mutations. Longitudinal analysis of CTCs identified acquisition of multiple AR variants during targeted treatments and chemotherapy. Conclusions: Complex mechanisms of resistance to AR-targeted therapies, across RNA, DNA, and protein endpoints, exist in patients with CRPC and can be quantified in CTCs. Interrogation of the AR signaling pathway revealed distinct patterns relevant to tumor progression and can serve as pharmacodynamic biomarkers for targeted therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 23(3); 746–56. ©2016 AACR.
The case for combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer.
Authors: R F Ozols
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1985.3.11.1445 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3932603 The case for combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. R F OzolsxR F OzolsSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1985.3.11.1445 First Page PDF © 1985 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
The influence of institutional head and neck cancer (HNC) clinical trial accrual on overall survival (OS): An analysis of RTOG 0129.
Authors: Evan John Wuthrick, Qiang Zhang, Mitchell Machtay, K. Kian Ang, David Ira Rosenthal, Felix Nguyen-Tan, Andre Fortin, Craig I. Silverman, Adam Raben, Harold Kim, Eric M. Horwitz, Nancy E Read, Jonathan Harris, Qian Wu, Maura L. Gillison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

5530 Background: NCCN recommends HNC patients (pts) be treated by providers with experience in HNC management. Whether treatment by experienced providers (measured by no. of pts treated) is associated with HNC survival outcome is unknown. Methods: Analysis included 471 pts in RTOG 0129 with stage III-IVa HNC with known tumor HPV and smoking status randomized to cisplatin concurrent with standard or accelerated fractionation radiotherapy (RT). Participating centers were stratified into pt accrual tertiles (ATs) to 21 RTOG HNC trials from 1997-2002. As a surrogate for experience, we investigated the independent effect of AT on OS and progression-free survival (PFS) in multivariable cox proportional hazards models. Results: Median follow up was 4.8 yrs (range 1.1 - 6.5). In Kaplan-Meier analysis, OS and PFS for pts at centers in the two lower AT (low accruing centers [LAC]) were similar and compared to the upper AT (high accruing centers [HAC]). Median accrual in LAC vs HAC was 11 vs 82 pts. Pts treated at LAC and HAC had similar age, HPV status, pack-years, N stage, comorbidities and study arm assignment (SAA), but pts at LAC had better performance status (PS)(Zubrod 0; 62% vs 52%; p=0.04), fewer T4 tumors (27% vs. 35%; p=0.05) and were more likely uninsured (12% vs 4%; p=0.009). Compared to HAC, LAC pts had significantly worse OS, (5 yr 51.0% vs 69.1%; p = 0.002), and PFS (5 yr 42.7% vs 61.8%; p = 0.001) and more locoregional failure (5 yr 36.4% vs 20.8%; p &lt;0.001). Treatment at LAC was associated with ~90% increase in risk of death (OS HR 1.91, 95%CI 1.37-2.65) and progression (PFS HR 1.89, 95%CI 1.39-2.56) when compared to pts treated at HAC, after adjustment for age, PS, pack-years, T and N stage, SAA and HPV status. Acute and chronic toxicities, RT dose, fractions, and treatment duration did not differ for pts at LAC vs HAC. RT at LAC was more likely than HAC to differ from protocol (18% [16.8% acceptable variation {AV}, 1.2% unacceptable deviation {UD}] vs 6% [4.7% AV, 1.3% UD]; p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Pts with HNC treated at LAC in RTOG trials were associated with significantly worse survival outcomes compared to pts treated at HAC.
Impact of FDG-PET Imaging Versus Conventional Staging Modalities on Staging and Treatment Decisions in Large B-Cell, Follicular, and Hodgkin’s Lymphomas.
Authors: Ivan Maillard, Rebecca L. Elstrom, Rakesh Kumar, Murat F. Bozkurt, Srikant Sankaran, Liang Guan, Hongming Zhuang, David Herman, Lisa Downs, Abass Alavi, Stephen J. Schuster
Journal: Blood (2004)
On the Etiology of Some Human Cancers
Authors: Johannes Clemmesen, M. D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1951)

Journal Article On the Etiology of Some Human Cancers Get access Johannes Clemmesen, M. D. Johannes Clemmesen, M. D. The Danish Cancer Registry, under the National Anti-Cancer League, Copenhagen, Denmark, and the National Cancer Institute3, Bethesda, Md., U. S. A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 12, Issue 1, August 1951, Pages 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/12.1.1 Published: 01 August 1951 Article history Received: 12 February 1951 Published: 01 August 1951
Case 34-1975
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Thomas F. O'Brien, James J. Galdabini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Presentation of CaseA 27-year-old registered nurse was admitted to the hospital because of a question of hepatitis.She was born with a nevus on the scalp. Twelve years before admission the lesion was excised, but eight years later it recurred, darkened and enlarged. An excisional biopsy disclosed a malignant melanoma. Multiple recurrences were treated by bilateral radical neck dissections and excision of nodules in the left breast, the left mastoid region and the abdomen. Eight months before admission treatment with transfer factor was initiated. Six months before entry scarification* treatment with BCG was begun, followed by intralesional injections. Each . . .
Real World Experience with Temsirolimus in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Results from the Spanish Experience
Authors: A. De La Fuente, G. González, I. García Carbonero, J. García Frade, J. Munarriz, D. Aguiar Bujanda, B. Cuevas, M.V. Cuevas, R. Aporta, A. Barez, M. Callejas, A. Murias, A. Altés, A. Salar, B. Sánchez-González, C. Grande, J.A. García Marco, Á. López, M. Moran, J. Briones Meijide
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Landscape of Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase Pathway Alterations Across 19 784 Diverse Solid Tumors
Authors: Sherri Z. Millis, Sadakatsu Ikeda, Sandeep Reddy, Zoran Gatalica, Razelle Kurzrock
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

Molecular aberrations in the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway drive tumorigenesis. Frequently co-occurring alterations in hormone receptors and/or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) may be relevant to mechanisms of response and resistance.To identify patterns of aberration in the PI3K and interactive pathways that might lead to targeted therapy opportunities in clinical practice.From January 2013 through December 2014, 19 784 consecutive tumor samples (>40 cancer types) were sent from thousands of clinicians in 60 countries to a single commercial laboratory for molecular profiling, including next generation sequencing, protein expression (immunohistochemical analysis [IHC]), and gene amplification (fluorescent in situ hybridization or chromogenic in situ hybridization).Patterns in targetable genomic and proteomic alterations in the PI3K pathway and coincidence with hormone receptor and HER2 alterations.Molecular profiling across solid tumors.Overall, 38% of patients had an alteration in 1 or more PI3K pathway components, most commonly phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) loss (by IHC) (30% of all patients), followed by mutations in PIK3CA (13%), PTEN (6%), or AKT1 (1%). Seventy percent of patients with endometrial cancer and more than 50% of patients with breast, prostate, anal, hepatocellular, colorectal, and cervical cancer exhibited alterations in at least 1 PI3K pathway gene and/or gene product. Examples of frequent aberrations included PTEN loss in hepatocellular (57% of patients), colorectal (48%), gastric (36%), prostate (52%), and endometrial cancer (49%); PIK3CA mutations in endometrial (37%), breast (31%), cervical (29%), and anal cancer (27%). PIK3CA, PTEN, and AKT1 mutations occurred more frequently in the presence of hormone receptor overexpression (androgen, progesterone, or estrogen receptor). PIK3CA mutations were also more common in the HER2-positive than in the HER2-negative group; the opposite pattern was seen for PTEN mutation or PTEN loss.PI3K pathway aberrations are among the most common in cancer. They do not segregate by classic cancer histologic characteristics. Patterns of biomarker coalterations involving HER2 and hormone receptors may be important for optimizing combination treatments across cancer types.
Impact of delayed neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy on survival outcomes in breast cancer patients.
Authors: Rachel Ann Sanford, Xiudong Lei, Sharon Hermes Giordano, Debu Tripathy, Carlos Hernando Barcenas, Mariana Chavez-Mac Gregor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

1038 Background: Delay in initiation of adjuvant systemic therapy has subtype-specific effects on survival. It is not known whether the interval from diagnosis of breast cancer to initiation of neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy (NSC) impacts survival. We evaluated the relationship between survival outcomes and the time interval from breast cancer diagnosis and initiation of NSC. Methods: Retrospective review of the prospectively maintained Breast Medical Oncology institutional database at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center identified 3711 women diagnosed with stage I-III breast cancer between January 1995 and December 2012 who received NSC within six months of their diagnosis. We examined the effect of the interval from breast cancer diagnosis to initiation of NSC on survival outcomes. Recursive partitioning analysis was used to define cutpoints; patients were grouped into those who received NSC ≤ 55 days or ≥ 56 days after diagnosis. Descriptive statistics and Cox proportional hazards models were used. Results: Median time to NSC was 34 days (range 0-182). 3065 of 3711 (82.6%) of patients received NSC within 55 days of diagnosis and 646 (17.4%) received NSC after 56 days. A time to NSC ≥ 56 days was associated with African-American race and obesity (p < 0.0001), advanced stage (p = 0.034) and more comorbidities (p = 0.001). Five-year overall survival was 86% and 81% in patients who received NSC in 0-55 and ≥ 56 days after diagnosis, respectively (P = 0.011). Breast-cancer specific mortality and recurrence-free survival did not differ between the two groups. In multivariable analysis, using ≤ 55 days as a reference, patients who received NSC ≥ 56 days after their diagnosis had an increased risk of death (HR = 1.19; 95% CI 0.99–1.44). Among patients with HER2 neu positive tumors, those who received NSC ≥ 56 days had increased risk of death (HR = 1.67; 95% CI 1.06–2.64). Conclusions: Delayed NSC had a marginal impact on OS in unselected breast cancer patients. Among HER2 neu positive patients, delayed NSC impacted OS. As more patients with HER2 neu positive breast cancer are treated with neoadjuvant therapy, clinicians should avoid treatment delays in this population.
Congenital sideroblastic anemia due to mutations in the mitochondrial HSP70 homologue HSPA9
Authors: Klaus Schmitz-Abe, Szymon J. Ciesielski, Paul J. Schmidt, Dean R. Campagna, Fedik Rahimov, Brenda A. Schilke, Marloes Cuijpers, Klaus Rieneck, Birgitte Lausen, Michael L. Linenberger, Anoop K. Sendamarai, Chaoshe Guo, Inga Hofmann, Peter E. Newburger, Dana Matthews, Akiko Shimamura, Pieter J. L. M. Snijders, Meghan C. Towne, Charlotte M. Niemeyer, Henry G. Watson, Morten H. Dziegiel, Matthew M. Heeney, Alison May, Sylvia S. Bottomley, Dorine W. Swinkels, Kyriacos Markianos, Elizabeth A. Craig, Mark D. Fleming
Journal: Blood (2015)