tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Male Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality Risk in the Japanese Atomic Bomb Survivors – Differences in Excess Relative and Absolute Risk from Female Breast Cancer
Authors: Mark P. Little, Damien M. McElvenny
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

There are well-known associations of ionizing radiation with female breast cancer, and emerging evidence also for male breast cancer. In the United Kingdom, female breast cancer following occupational radiation exposure is among that set of cancers eligible for state compensation and consideration is currently being given to an extension to include male breast cancer.We compare radiation-associated excess relative and absolute risks of male and female breast cancers.Breast cancer incidence and mortality data in the Japanese atomic-bomb survivors were analyzed using relative and absolute risk models via Poisson regression.We observed significant (p ≤ 0.01) dose-related excess risk for male breast cancer incidence and mortality. For incidence and mortality data, there are elevations by factors of approximately 15 and 5, respectively, of relative risk for male compared with female breast cancer incidence, the former borderline significant (p = 0.050). In contrast, for incidence and mortality data, there are elevations by factors of approximately 20 and 10, respectively, of female absolute risk compared with male, both statistically significant (p < 0.001). There are no indications of differences between the sexes in age/time-since-exposure/age-at-exposure modifications to the relative or absolute excess risk. The probability of causation of male breast cancer following radiation exposure exceeds by at least a factor of 5 that of many other malignancies.There is evidence of much higher radiation-associated relative risk for male than for female breast cancer, although absolute excess risks for males are much less than for females. However, the small number of male cases and deaths suggests a degree of caution in interpretation of this finding. Citation: Little MP, McElvenny DM. 2017. Male breast cancer incidence and mortality risk in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors - differences in excess relative and absolute risk from female breast cancer. Environ Health Perspect 125:223-229; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP151.
TWIST1 Integrates Endothelial Responses to Flow in Vascular Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Marwa M. Mahmoud, Hyejeong Rosemary Kim, Rouyu Xing, Sarah Hsiao, Akiko Mammoto, Jing Chen, Jovana Serbanovic-Canic, Shuang Feng, Neil P. Bowden, Richard Maguire, Markus Ariaans, Sheila E. Francis, Peter D. Weinberg, Kim van der Heiden, Elizabeth A. Jones, Timothy J.A. Chico, Victoria Ridger, Paul C. Evans
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

Rationale: Blood flow–induced shear stress controls endothelial cell (EC) physiology during atherosclerosis via transcriptional mechanisms that are incompletely understood. The mechanosensitive transcription factor TWIST is expressed during embryogenesis, but its role in EC responses to shear stress and focal atherosclerosis is unknown. Objective: To investigate whether TWIST regulates endothelial responses to shear stress during vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis and compare TWIST function in vascular development and disease. Methods and Results: The expression and function of TWIST1 was studied in EC in both developing vasculature and during the initiation of atherosclerosis. In zebrafish, twist was expressed in early embryonic vasculature where it promoted angiogenesis by inducing EC proliferation and migration. In adult porcine and murine arteries, TWIST1 was expressed preferentially at low shear stress regions as evidenced by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and en face staining. Moreover, studies of experimental murine carotid arteries and cultured EC revealed that TWIST1 was induced by low shear stress via a GATA4-dependent transcriptional mechanism. Gene silencing in cultured EC and EC-specific genetic deletion in mice demonstrated that TWIST1 promoted atherosclerosis by inducing inflammation and enhancing EC proliferation associated with vascular leakiness. Conclusions: TWIST expression promotes developmental angiogenesis by inducing EC proliferation and migration. In addition to its role in development, TWIST is expressed preferentially at low shear stress regions of adult arteries where it promotes atherosclerosis by inducing EC proliferation and inflammation. Thus, pleiotropic functions of TWIST control vascular disease and development.
One hundred years of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of the outcome literature
Authors: J D Hegarty, R J Baldessarini, M Tohen, C Waternaux, G Oepen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

This study was undertaken to assess the twentieth-century literature on outcome in schizophrenia for historical trends that might be associated with changes in diagnostic and therapeutic practice and to test the hypothesis that both improved biological treatment and changes in diagnostic criteria have influenced outcome.Meta-analysis of the international literature on outcome in schizophrenia or dementia praecox from 1895 to 1992 identified 821 studies; 320 of these, with 51,800 subjects in 368 cohorts, met the inclusion criteria for the study.Only 40.2% of patients were considered improved after follow-ups averaging 5.6 years (range = 1-40). Outcome was significantly better when patients were diagnosed according to systems with broad criteria (46.5% were improved) or undefined criteria (41.0% were improved) rather than narrow criteria (27.3% were improved). The proportion of patients who improved increased significantly after mid-century (for 1956-1985 versus 1895-1955, 48.5% versus 35.4%), probably reflecting improved treatment as well as a broadened concept of schizophrenia. However, in the past decade, the average rate of favorable outcome has declined to 36.4%, perhaps reflecting the re-emergence of narrow diagnostic concepts.Overall, less than half of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia have shown substantial clinical improvement after follow-up averaging nearly 6 years. Despite considerable gains in improvement rates after mid-century, there has been a decline since the 1970s. These historical changes probably reflect improved treatment, shifts in diagnostic criteria, and selection bias related to changes in health care.
Eulogy for the clinical research center
Authors: David G. Nathan, David M. Nathan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

The extramural General Clinical Research Center (GCRC) program has been funded for more than 50 years, first by the National Center for Research Resources, NIH, and more recently as part of the Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) program through the newly formed National Center for Advancing Translation Sciences (NCATS). The GCRCs represent the federally funded laboratories that employ a highly trained cadre of research nurses, dietitians, and other support staff and in which generations of clinical investigators trained and performed groundbreaking human studies that advanced medical science and improved clinical care. Without the opportunity for adequate discussion, NCATS has now stopped funding these Research Centers. In this "eulogy," we review the origins and history of the GCRCs, their contributions to the advancement of medicine, and the recent events that have essentially defunded them. We mourn their loss.
Babywalkers
Authors: B. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Letters p 657 

Babywalkers (infant walkers, wheeled seats that allow infants to move around with their feet on the floor) are widely used, by 50% or more of infants.1 A recent short report in the BMJ showed that babywalkers delayed acquisition of crawling, standing alone, and walking alone.2 A brisk correspondence followed, with many respondents picking faults with the study, some supporting continued parental choice, and others welcoming this additional evidence that babywalkers are dangerous (see also p 657).3

Previous reports have suggested that development is affected adversely by babywalkers.2 w1-w3 Along with that in the BMJ , these were observational or questionnaire based studies …
SAT0383 Microparticles in 290 SLE Patients and Matched Controls and Their Relationship to Vascular Disease
Authors: A. Vikerfors, F. Mobarrez, J. Gustafsson, I. Gunnarsson, A. Zickert, H. Wallen, E. Svenungsson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Microparticles (MPs) are circulating cellular blebs released by activated and apoptotic cells. MPs have been associated with autoimmune diseases (1) and with vascular events in the general population (2). <h3>Objectives</h3> We investigated the number and phenotype of MPs in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and population based controls. We hypothesised that the MP profile could identify SLE subgroups with previous vascular events and/or antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). <h3>Methods</h3> 290 consecutive SLE patients and 290 controls, individually matched to the patients were included. Previous vascular events, clinical characteristics and presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) were tabulated. MPs positive for phosphatidylserine (PS) were identified with lactadherin and measured by flow cytometry. They were phenotyped according to cellular origin (platelet, endothelial or leukocyte) and protein expression (CD40 ligand=CD40L, tissue factor=TF, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1=VCAM-1 or high-mobility group protein B1=HMGB1). C4d expression was measured on endothelial and platelet MPs, regardless of PS expression. <h3>Results</h3> There was a highly significant difference between SLE patients and controls for all MPs, regardless of origin, p&lt;1x 10<sup>-40</sup> for all. Moreover, MPs exposing inflammation and/or activation markers CD40L, TF, VCAM-1, HMGB1 or C4d were also significantly increased in the SLE patients, p&lt;1 x 10<sup>-15</sup> for all. Associations with borderline p-values (p=0.044 and p=0.047) between endothelial MPs and previous vascular events were noted. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Patients with SLE had 2-10 times elevated levels of MPs of various cellular origins in blood. Associations with borderline p-values between MPs of endothelial origin and previous vascular events were found but the subgroup with APS could not be identified by MP profile. Though, analytical challenges remain; the remarkably high levels of MPs in SLE patients may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of SLE, and MPs merit further evaluation as candidate diagnostic biomarkers for SLE. <h3>References</h3> Pisetsky DS, Ullal AJ, Gauley J, Ning TC. Microparticles as mediators and biomarkers of rheumatic disease. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012;51(10):1737-46. Lacroix R, Dubois C, Leroyer AS, Sabatier F, Dignat-George F. Revisited role of microparticles in arterial and venous thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost. 2013;11 Suppl 1:24-35. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> The work in this abstract will be part of Dr Vikerfors thesis, defended 24 Feb and distributed both electronically and in paper format 30 Jan. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Liver Cells From Bone Marrow
Authors: R Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Uterine Cervical Metastasis From Primary Rectal Adenocarcinoma on PET/CT and MRI
Authors: Amy V. Chudgar, Philipose G. Mulugeta, Anil Chauhan, Jacob G. Dubroff
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

FDG avid uterine cervical masses are most commonly due to primary cervical carcinoma; however, history and differential diagnoses are critical when interpreting FDG PET/CT studies. A 51-year-old woman with newly diagnosed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the rectum underwent FDG PET/CT for staging, which revealed the hypermetabolic primary rectal tumor and nodal metastases. Additionally, FDG avid focus in the anterior cervix without a CT correlate was present. Cervical metastasis was suspected, and further evaluation with MRI and histopathologic correlation was recommended, which confirmed cervical metastasis. This case illustrates an unusual case of FDG-avid cervical metastasis from rectal adenocarcinoma.
Pernicious Anemia and Tumors of the Stomach
Authors: Leo G. Rigler, M. D., Henry S. Kaplan, M. D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1947)

Pernicious Anemia and Tumors of the Stomach Leo G. Rigler, M. D., Leo G. Rigler, M. D. Department of Radiology and Physical Therapy, University of Minnesota Medical School Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Henry S. Kaplan, M. D. Henry S. Kaplan, M. D. Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 7, Issue 5, April 1947, Pages 327–332, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/7.5.327 Published: 01 April 1947
PTU-153 Diagnosis of coeliac disease among children whose mothers have coeliac disease: a united kingdom general population-based cohort
Authors: LJ Tata, F Zingone, KM Fleming, TR Card, C Crooks, C Ciacci, J West
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Our aim was to quantify the risk of clinically diagnosed coeliac disease (CD) in children of mothers with coeliac disease to assess this burden in the general population of the United Kingdom. <h3>Method</h3> We used a large population-based general practice database (The Health Improvement Network) to obtain data pertaining to all children born between 1990 and 2010 registered with general practices whose records were linked to their mothers’ medical records. We identified all mothers and children diagnosed with CD and assessed the maternal-child CD association using logistic regression with generalised estimating equation modelling, adjusting for potential confounders. <h3>Results</h3> There were 708 children diagnosed with CD in the study population of 798,343 children up to 16 years of age. Among children with CD, 10.3% had mothers who also had CD whereas maternal CD diagnoses were 0.3% among the children without CD. This equated to offspring CD risks of 3.2% vs. 0.1% among mothers with CD versus those without. The odds ratio for offspring CD associated with maternal CD was 36.7, 95% confidence interval 28.2–47.7 after adjusting for child sex, socioeconomic deprivation, year of birth, Caesarean delivery, and maternal age. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A child born to a woman with CD is almost 40 times more likely to be diagnosed with CD than if the mother does not have CD. In absolute terms, 3.1% more children will receive a diagnosis, considerably raised from the average population risk. This could be due to genetics, shared environmental risk factors within families or ascertainment bias. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
PWE-401 Nurse-led audit of post-operative morbidity following colorectal resection: making the most of existing resources
Authors: GC Thorpe
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Colorectal and stoma care nurses have been auditing their specialist services for years, but have contributed less frequently to colorectal surgical service-wide audit measuring clinical outcomes relating to surgical as well as nursing care. Nurse-led follow-up provides the ideal platform to measure key indicators of quality care and identify areas for both service improvement and future research activity. <h3>Method</h3> A nurse-led follow-up clinic at 30 days following patient discharge was used to audit 142 consecutive patients undergoing elective (n = 98) or emergency (n = 44) colorectal resection over a three month period. Audit data were recorded at two time-points, discharge from hospital and at clinic, with audit templates developed using validated tools designed to measure general post-operative morbidity<sup>1,2</sup>and modified to include a focus on colorectal surgery-specific complications. Audit templates were tested during two clinics prior to full data collection to ensure they included all required variables. <h3>Results</h3> A wide range of anticipated and unanticipated findings were identified relating to both inpatient and early post-discharge morbidity. Findings were presented to the whole colorectal team, including upper GI and colorectal surgeons and their teams, specialist nurses, theatre-based and ward-based nursing staff. Areas of clinical practice identified by the audit as requiring improvement were identified and discussed, with immediate changes to surgical practice agreed by the whole team. Nurse-led follow-up for all colorectal patients was established as a potential goal for future service improvement. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This nurse-led audit enabled the whole colorectal team to scrutinise their clinical practice by comprehensively examining patient outcomes at two time-points following colorectal resection. Nurse-led follow-up using an auditable documentation template facilitates the recognition and reporting of a wide range of post-operative complications and provides valuable support for patients, particularly those who do not have routine access to specialist nursing services. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Dindo D, <i>et al</i>. Classification of Surgical Complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg. 2004;240(2):205–213 Grocott MPW, <i>et al</i>. The Postoperative Morbidity Survey was validated and used to describe morbidity after pelvic surgery. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60:919–928
THU0251 Brucellar and Tuberculosis Spondylodiscitis: Report of 21 Cases
Authors: M. Jguirim, L. Mani, A. Mhenni, S. Zrour, M. Younes, I. Béjia, M. Touzi, N. Bergaoui
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Spinal infections can be described etiologically as pyogenic, granulomatous (tuberculous, brucellar, fungal) and parasitic. <h3>Objectives</h3> Our aim was to analyze clinical, laboratory and radiological features of spontaneous spondylodiscitis secondary to tuberculosis and brucellosis. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective study which included 21 patients diagnosed as spondylodiscitis, between 1991 and 2013. Of these patients, 17 (81%) have tuberculosis spondylodiscitis (TS) and 4 (19%) have brucellar spondylodiscitis (BS). <h3>Results</h3> Six patients (28.5%) were male and 15 (71.5%) were female (sex ratio F/M: 2.5). The mean age of the patients was 45 years. History of tuberculosis was found in three cases, a high fever was present in only nine cases, six patients have diabetes and history of previous surgery was found in one case. The locations observed: lumbar in 14 cases, dorsal in 4 cases, cervical in two cases and sacred in one case. Elevated ESR was present in 11 cases. According to the radiological imaging studies, paravertebral abscess, psoas and epidural abscesses were found respectively in nine, four and nine cases as complication of spondylodiscitis. A percutaneous biopsy computed tomography-guided was practiced in 17 cases, was successful in six cases. The diagnosis was based on microbiological results in 7 cases and on histological results in only five cases. All patients received appropriate antibiotic treatment. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Tuberculosis remains the commonest cause of spinal infection in Tunisia. A high index of suspicion is needed for prompt diagnosis to ensure improved long-term outcomes. An early diagnosis is essential to enable appropriate choice of therapeutic agents, even in the absence of microbiologic confirmation. <h3>References</h3> Yasar K, Pehlivanoglu F, Cicek G, Sengoz G. The evaluation of the clinical, laboratory and the radiological findings of the fifty-five cases diagnosed with tuberculous, Brucellar and pyogenic spondylodiscitis. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2012;3:17-20. Celik AK, Aypak A, Aypak C. Comparative analysis of tuberculous and brucellar spondylodiscitis. Trop Doct. 2011;41:172-4 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Psychopathology arises from intertemporal bargaining as well as from emotional trauma
Authors: George Ainslie
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2015)

The role of emotional trauma in psychopathology is limited. One additional mechanism is predictable from hyperbolic discounting: When a person uses willpower to control urges each success or failure takes on extra significance through recursive self-prediction, potentially motivating several constricting defense mechanisms. The need for eliciting emotion in psychotherapy is as the authors say it is, but their hypothesis about reconsolidation of memories adds no explanatory power.