tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>Malabsorption Due to a Biologically Inert Intrinsic Factor
Authors: Max Katz, Sook K. Lee, Bernard A. Cooper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Abstract Two recognized congenital causes of vitamin B12 malabsorption are an isolated absence of intrinsic-factor (IF) secretion and a selective ileal absorptive defect. A child, who presented with megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency, did not absorb free vitamin B12 given orally but absorbed normal quantities given bound to normal human gastric juice. No serum antibodies against IF were demonstrated. Gastric juice was acid and contained normal quantities of immunologically identifiable IF. Gastric biopsy was normal. Tests of small-bowel function gave normal results. Patient gastric juice did not correct the vitamin B12 malabsorption of a totally gastrectomized volunteer, nor did it promote vitamin B12 uptake by homogenates of guinea-pig intestinal mucosa. The affinity of patient IF for vitamin B12 appeared normal. Standard Chromatographic procedures failed to reveal a difference from normal IF. The vitamin B12 malabsorption appears to be due to the secretion of a biologically inert IF.
Extended Resection of Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Authors: G. H. Lawrence, J. H. Walker, L. Pinkers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

SINCE 1933 surgical resection has provided the most hopeful method of preventing inevitable death from bronchogenic carcinoma. Despite efforts to reduce delay between insidious onset and treatment the tumor has often advanced beyond the confines of the lung at the time of diagnosis. Technical resection of such an advanced lesion has been increasingly possible with the use of intrapericardial dissection, bronchoplastic and thoracoplastic reconstruction as well as cardiovascular technics. Such extended resection has been justified by Chamberlain et al.,1 Smith,2 Thomas3 and others as the only hope for cure or in lieu of cure as a means of palliation. The . . .
DRENAJE TRANSMURAL POR ECOENDOSCOPIA DE LA COLECISTITIS AGUDA MEDIANTE PRÓTESIS METÁLICAS FORMADORAS DE ANASTOMOSIS: RESULTADOS A MEDIO PLAZO DE UNA COHORTE PROSPECTIVA
Authors: C De la Serna Higuera, P Gil-Simón, MH Núñez Rodríguez, R Ruiz-Zorrilla, P Díez-Redondo, C Almohalla, P Fernández-Orcajo, M Pérez-Miranda
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Introducción: El drenaje colecisto-entérico por ecoendoscopia, constituye una alternativa en los pacientes con colecistitis aguda (CA) y contraindicación quirúrgica. La nueva prótesis metálica "en diábolo" AXIOS, permite la yuxtaposición luminal, formando anastomosis estables que evitan el riesgo de migración o fuga biliar de las prótesis cilíndricas convencionales. Estudios preliminares muestran la eficacia clínica inmediata de éstas prótesis: sin embargo, se desconocen sus resultados y potenciales complicaciones a medio plazo. Objetivos: Evaluar la evolución clínica a medio plazo y potenciales complicaciones en pacientes con CA tratados con prótesis AXIOS en nuestro centro. Material y método: A lo largo de 12 meses se incluyeron en base de datos prospectiva EXCEL todos los pacientes con CA y contraindicación quirúrgica tratados con AXIOS según protocolo aprobado por el Comité Ético. Se realizó punción vesicular con aguja 19G bajo control ecoendoscópico-fluoroscópico, pasando guía 0,035", cistotomo/balón dilatador y prótesis de longitudes 10mm y diámetros 10–15mm. Finalmente, a criterio del endoscopista, se introdujo gastroscopio para lavado intravesicular de pus-barro biliar o extracción de cálculos. Resultados: (Tabla 1): Éxito técnico: 15/18 casos (83.33%). En todos los casos con éxito técnico, se logró éxito clínico, con resolución de la CA y normalización analítica. 3 fracasos al no lograr avanzar guía en una vesícula empedrada, liberación precoz de AXIOS o "tenting". Tras seguimiento medio de 24.83 semanas (7–39) se documentaron 4/18 complicaciones (22.22%): dolor, hematoquecia autolimitadas y 2 colecistitis-colangitis agudas por disfunción protésica (obstrucción-formación de "secuestros" intravesiculares) resueltas tras sustituir AXIOS por dobles "pig-tail" conclusiones: El drenaje con prótesis AXIOS en pacientes con CA y contraindicación quirúrgica constituye una alternativa segura y eficaz. Sin embargo, parece necesario un adecuado seguimiento clínico para detectar signos de disfunción protésica hasta ahora no descritos.
Potential role of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the diagnosis of aortic intramural lesions
Authors: C. Robles-Medranda, R. Del Valle, H. Pitanga Lukashok
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 58-year-old woman complaining of abdominal pain suspicious for pancreatitis was referred to our institution for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). Physical examination and laboratory tests were unremarkable except for mild elevation of the serum amylase level. EUS revealed hyperechoic foci in the pancreas, but the most relevant finding was the presence of aortic wall lesions ([Fig. 1]). The ascending aorta showed increased crescent-shaped wall thickness with layered structures separated by echolucent zones, and no flow on Doppler ultrasound. Below this lesion, between the abdominal and thoracic aorta, was a septum giving the impression of a double-lumen aorta. Doppler ultrasound revealed absence of flow in one of the lumens during ventricular systole. Acute aortic syndrome with an intramural hematoma (IMH) and aortic dissection was suspected. Computed tomography (CT) confirmed presence of aortic dissection extending from the thorax to the iliac artery bifurcation. However, IMH was not observed.
OT2-05-03: ACRIN 6688 Phase II Study of Fluorine-18 3′-Deoxy-3′ Fluorothymidine (FLT) in Invasive Breast Cancer.
Authors: PJ Jolles, L Kostakoglu, HD Bear, MO Idowu, K Kurdziel, L Shankar, DA Mankoff, F Duan, DZ L'Heureux
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) prior to surgery provides enhanced options for locoregional management and has become an integral component of primary breast cancer management. Initial tumor response in patients receiving NAC is generally determined at therapy completion. This evaluation is determined by either the presence/absence of palpable tumor as a clinical response and/or presence/absence of invasive tumor cells in the breast and nodes as a pathological response. The ability to evaluate the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy early during treatment would be of significant importance. FDG PET imaging has been shown to be predictive of subsequent tumor response, but the tendency of FDG to accumulate in inflammatory tissues can complicate image interpretation. MRI changes have also been touted as predictors of response. Preliminary data suggest that early FLT PET is better able to predict response to therapy, as FLT uptake has been shown to correlate with cellular proliferation, and does not significantly accumulate in inflammatory tissue (Kenny et al, Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007:1339–1347). The analysis of these data may provide a better understanding of early treatment response and improve the clinical management of breast cancer in the future. Trial design and eligibility: In this phase II multi-institutional study, breast cancer patients with locally advanced disease with a tumor size ≥2cm (measured on imaging or estimated by physical exam) are eligible. Participants will receive standard of care NAC at their respective institutions. Participants will have 3 FLT imaging sessions to evaluate therapy response: at baseline, early-treatment (5-10 days after initiating treatment), and post-treatment prior to surgery. Specific aims: The primary objective is to correlate the percentage change in the standardized uptake value between baseline and early therapy FLT in the primary tumor with pathologic response. Correlatively, FLT PET parameters will be compared with proliferative indices from the initial biopsy and residual tumor surgical samples using Ki-67 staining, mitotic index, and residual cancer burden. Potential safety issues and the physiologic effects associated with FLT administration will also be evaluated. Statistical methods: To evaluate the relationship between an uptake parameter and pathologic complete response, a ROC curve will be estimated and the area under the curve, along with its 95% confidence interval, will be determined. Accrual: Currently, 45/67 patients have accrued to the study. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-05-03.
P161 Assessment Of Age-adjusted D-dimer Cut-off Values In Investigating Venous Thromboembolism In Older Patients: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: S. Lau, G. Murphy
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> The specificity of D-dimer testing in detecting venous thromboembolism (VTE) appears to fall in older patients as D-dimer concentrations increase with age. There has been interest in the use of age-adjusted D-dimer cut-off values to increase the specificity in older patients. The objective of this study was to review the diagnostic accuracy of D-dimer testing in older patients with suspected VTE in our population, comparing conventional and age-adjusted D-dimer cut-off values. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective study from a large teaching hospital in the UK was undertaken. 389 data episodes were compiled from suspected VTE presentations during two months in 2013. Patients were assessed using a combination of clinical probability scores and D-dimer measurement (D-dimer HS assay, Instrumentation Laboratories). Conventional (230 ng/ml) and age-adjusted (age x 10 ng/ml) cut-off values were applied to patients ≥50 years, and specificity and sensitivity were calculated. <h3>Results</h3> (Table 1) Of the 389 presentations, 229 (58.9%) were from patients aged ≥50 years. 13 (11.5%) patients with positive D-dimers using the conventional cut-off, had VTE as confirmed by imaging tests. The sensitivity of the conventional D-dimer cut-off value was 100% in this older cohort, with a specificity of 53.7%. The age x10-adjusted cut-off improved specificity to 84.7%; however sensitivity was markedly reduced to 76.9%, with 3 patients (23.1%) with non-high clinical probability of VTE missed. Further analysis suggested that an age-adjusted cut-off factor of x3 would maintain sensitivity at 100%; however specificity was only 47.7%. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We have identified that an age-adjusted cut-off factor of x10 significantly increased D-dimer specificity in older patients; however the sensitivity of this test was unacceptably compromised. A cut-off factor of x3 maintained sensitivity, but specificity was unsatisfactory compared to conventional values, although still higher than in most published series. We conclude that we cannot use an age-adjusted cut-off of x10 in our ≥50 year old population using this assay. Further work is required to identify an appropriate cut-off, concentrating on the &gt;75 year old patients only. This would help to reduce the number of unnecessary tests and anxiety in this vulnerable group of patients.
Abstract 1472: Bcl-3 as a carcinogenic factor in non-endometrioid endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Yoo-Kyung Lee, Hyun Hoon Chung, Jae Weon Kim, Noh-Hyun Park, Soon-Beom Kang, Yong-Sang Song
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Objectives : The aim of the study was to evaluate the Bcl-3 expression in normal endometrium, endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial cancer. Methods : Retrospectively collected paraffin blocks from 30 cases of normal endometrium, 16 of endometrial hyperplasia, 24 of endometrioid endometrial cancer, and 12 of non-endometrioid endometrial cancer were analyzed. Expression of Bcl-3 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The staining pattern was correlated with clinicopathological variables. Results : While none was positive in normal endometrium and endometrial hyperplasia and only 2 cases (8.3%) were positive for Bcl-3 in endometrioid endometrial cancer, 5 cases (41.7%) was positive in non-endometrioid endometrial cancer. Positive expression of Bcl-3 significantly correlated with non-endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (p=0.017), advanced stage (p=0.030), and high grade (p=0.001). Moreover, Bcl-3 positivity was associated with aggressive parameters including ovarian invasion (p=0.004), peritoneal cytology (p=0.029), lymphovascular space invasion (p=0.002), and lymph node metastases (p=0.029). In contrast, there was no significant correlation between expression of Bcl-3 and myometrial invasion or cervical invasion. In addition, Bcl-3 expression was not related to recurrence of disease. Conclusion : Bcl-3 is strongly expressed in non-endometrioid endometrial cancer, but less frequently in endometrioid endometrial cancer and hyperplasia. It is suggested that Bcl-3 is related with the carcinogenesis of non-endometrioid endometrial cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1472.
Tattoo Ink–Related Infections — Awareness, Diagnosis, Reporting, and Prevention
Authors: Pamela M. LeBlanc, Katherine A. Hollinger, Karl C. Klontz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

save, rather than cost, money. 5 And residents of states that do not expand will still be paying federal taxes to cover the expansion in states that do expand.Given the clear language of the Court's decision, the July 10 letter permits states to decide whether to accept funding to support the Medicaid expansion for newly eligible adults as a group or to reject it and with it hundreds of billions of dollars in much-needed federal assistance.But some states may press the administration to interpret the expansion as a simple state option, allowing them to cover some portion of the expansion group and not others.This approach has no support in the law and would invite states to leave the most vulnerable members of the expansion group -adults without children -exposed to the worst sort of discriminatory exclusion.The administration may be pressured to enter into negotiations with each state, using its waiver authority.The ACA specifically amended the Medicaid waiver process to ensure that it was used for genuine research, not political horse trading.One can only hope that the states will come to their senses and we all will be spared the spectacle of federal and state governments struggling over the lives and health of the poorest among us.
CATHETER-MEASURED HEMODYNAMICS OF ADULT FONTAN CIRCULATION: ASSOCIATION WITH MAJOR ADVERSE EVENT
Authors: Makoto Mori, Camden Hebson, Kayoko Shioda, Robert Elder, Fred Rodriguez, Maan Jokhadar, Nancy McCabe, Brian Kogon, Michael McConnell, Anurag Sahu, Wendy Book
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Dépistage par chromo endoscopie de la dysplasie et du cancer colorectal dans la rectocolite hémorragique: une expérience algéroise
Authors: H Saoula, Z Amir, A Boutaleb, M Aissaoui, H Mahiou, A Salah, F Chemandji, D Hamidouche, Y Zmiri, L Malaoui, K Belhocine, L Gamar, N Aliarous, L Kecili, N Bounab, F Asselah, H Asselah, N Baiod, T Boucekkine, M Nakmouche
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

.La chromo endoscopie est un nouvel outil diagnostique dans la détection précoce de la dysplasie et de l'adénocarcinome chez les patients porteurs de rectocolite hémorragique (RCH). L'objectif principal de cette étude était de déterminer l'incidence de la dysplasie et du cancer colorectal, chez les patients atteints de rectocolite hémorragique. Nous avons également tenté d'évaluer l'apport des biopsies étagées sur muqueuse endoscopique ment saine par rapport aux biopsies ciblées.
Abstract 5251: Role of mammalian Hippo Mst1/2 protein kinase signaling in lung cancer progression.
Authors: Bekir Cinar, Almet Alptekin, Ronald B. Natale
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major lung adenocarcinoma observed in humans. Therapeutic options for patients with NSCLC are very limited and palliative since the disease mechanism is poorly understood. The Mst1/2 serine-threonine kinase, related to hippo (hpo) in drosophila, has emerged as an important regulator of tumorigenesis with poorer prognosis. However, the biological significance of Mst/Hippo in lung cancer pathogenesis remains to be determined. In this study, we assessed Mst1/2 expression at protein levels by western blots in cultures and in primary and metastatic lung cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry, and investigated the potential functional link between EGFR and Mst/Hippo signaling in well-characterized NSCLC cell models in vitro. We found that Mst1/2 protein levels were reduced by at least 50% in two out of five lung tumor cell lines analyzed. Surprisingly, reduction was observed in Erlotinib resistant H1734 and H1975 lung tumor cells. In agreement with this observation, Mst1 protein declined in primary lung tumor and was undetectable in metastatic lung cancer compared to non-cancerous counterparts. In addition, we showed that enforced Mst1 expression significantly increased sensitivity to EGFR inhibition by Erlotinib compared to mock treatment. We also showed that the activation of EGFR by epidermal growth factor (EGF) attenuated the Mst1 mediation of cell growth suppression. Taken together, our findings suggest that the loss of Mst/Hippo functions could contribute to lung tumor progression and acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitor. A molecular understanding of how these two opposing signals biochemically and functionally intersect may improve current EGFR blockade therapy. Citation Format: Bekir Cinar, Almet Alptekin, Ronald B. Natale. Role of mammalian Hippo Mst1/2 protein kinase signaling in lung cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5251. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5251
Abstract B2: Effect of a changing microenvironment on the role of ROR receptors in melanoma progression
Authors: Michael P. O'Connell, Tura Camilli, Ashani T. Weeraratna
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract We have previously demonstrated that increases in Wnt5A result in an increase in metastatic capacity of melanoma cells and a decrease in the melanoma differentiation antigens MART1 and gp100. These data have been supported by several other laboratories, giving rise to the phenotype switching model of melanoma progression. This model suggest that less aggressive melanomas express a proliferative gene expression signature governed by the transcription factor MITF, while more aggressive melanomas express an invasive gene expression signature, governed by Wnt5A (Hoek et al, 2010). We hypothesize that this phenotype switch can be influenced by the changing microenvironment and that ROR receptor expression, also influenced by the microenvironment, is a key metastatic biomarker in melanoma. The orphan tyrosine kinase receptors, ROR1 and ROR2, make up a superfamily of receptors that, until recently, had no known signal pathway association or ligand identification. ROR2 has since been shown to play a role in Wnt signal transduction and studies from our laboratory have demonstrated an important role for ROR2 in increasing the metastatic potential of melanoma cells. Very little remains know about ROR1 in melanoma. Here, we demonstrate that ROR1 expression is inversely correlated to that of ROR2 and decreasing ROR1 expression increases overall metastatic potential. In keeping with these data, reduction of ROR1 by siRNA demonstrates a decrease in MART1 and GP100, and motility, and an increase in the invasive capability of melanoma cells. In addition, siRNA knockdown of ROR1 expression increased ROR2, Wnt5A, and clathrin expression, and treatment with recombinant WNT5A decreased ROR1 expression, implying that downregulation of ROR1 may be an important event in increasing malignancy in melanoma. Further, ROR2 knockdown in cells that have high levels of Wnt5A, but low levels of ROR1, increases ROR1 expression. Based on this data, ROR1/ROR2 receptor expression appears to be involved in melanoma cell phenotype switching. As ROR2 has previously been shown to be induced by HIF1-α, we asked if this ROR phenotype switch was controlled, in part, by hypoxia. Our data suggests that cells can increase their ROR2 levels by exposure to hypoxia. This is concomitant with a decrease in proliferation and an increase in invasion and Wnt5A expression. Overall these data suggest that changes in the melanoma microenvironment, such as hypoxia, may result in a switch from ROR1 positivity to ROR2 positivity, which ultimately contributes to increases in metastatic potential. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2011 Sep 14-18; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(18 Suppl):Abstract nr B2.
La cholangiopancréatographie rétrograde endoscopique (CPRE) chez le sujet âgé
Authors: D Gargouri, F Houissa, A Kochlef, H Elloumi, N Belhadj, A Ouekaa, A Kilani, M Romani, J Kharrat, A Ghorbel
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Du fait de l'allongement de l'espérance de vie, nous sommes de plus en plus confrontés à la prise en charge de patients âgés. Le but de ce travail est d'évaluer les indications et l'innocuité de la CPRE chez les sujets âgés.
Abstract 5111: Integrative phospho-proteomic and genomic analyses identify AXL as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for NRAS-mutated melanoma
Authors: Inna V. Fedorenko, Kim H.T. Paraiso, Beulah D. Joseph, Bin Fang, John Koomen, Steven Eschrich, Katherine L. Nathanson, Bradly Wubbenhorst, Rahel Mathew, Jane Messina, Keiran S.M. Smalley
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Currently, few therapeutic options exist for the 15-20% of patients whose melanomas harbor activating mutations in NRAS. Here, we have used comprehensive phospho-proteomic and genomic analysis to characterize the patterns of intracellular signaling in a panel of NRAS and BRAF-mutated melanoma cell lines, with the goal of identifying new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NRAS mutated melanomas. Our preliminary analyses showed BRAF mutated melanomas to have less diverse intracellular signaling than the NRAS group, which tended to have constitutive phosphorylation in a wide-range of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as c-MET, EGFR, HER2 and c-Abl. Although these patterns of RTK activity were heterogeneous across the NRAS mutated melanoma cell line panel, all of the NRAS mutated cell lines examined showed constitutive activity in the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl. A role for Axl in the oncogenic behavior of NRAS mutated melanomas was suggested by array CGH studies showing genomic amplification of Axl in a significant fraction of the NRAS mutated melanoma cell lines and by Western Blot experiments demonstrating increased expression of Axl and its ligand Gas6. Mass spectrometry analysis and immunoprecipitation revealed Axl to be constitutively phosphorylated at the Tyr702 autophosphorylation site in NRAS mutated melanoma cell lines only. Functionally, siRNA knockdown and pharmacological inhibition of Axl impaired the survival and invasion of NRAS mutated melanoma cell lines grown under 3D organotypic cell culture conditions. Studies are ongoing to confirm the role of Axl in the initiation and progression of melanomas harboring NRAS mutations and determine whether Axl constitutes a therapeutic target for this melanoma sub-group. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5111. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5111