tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AB1267 Clinical and ultrasound examinatoin of enthesis in early psoriatic arthritis
Authors: I. Troshkina, V. Badokin, R. Osipyants
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Enthesitis are characteristic for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and can be manifestations of the early stage of this disease. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the presence of lower limbs entheseal abnormalities and to determine clinical significant of enthesitis in early PsA. <h3>Methods</h3> 51 patients (28 women, 23 men) with early PsA (mean age 43±13.8 yrs; disease duration 11.5±6.9 months; psoriasis duration was 11 yrs) were enrolled. All patients were tested to determined of dactylitis and psoriatic onychodystrophy, clinical assessment of swollen and tender Achilles tendon and planter aponeurosis, disease activity index (DAS28), C-reactive protein by highly sensitive method (hsCRP). Radiographs of the hands and feet were observed using the Sharp's method modified by van der Heijde including distal interphalangeal joints. All patients were underwent ultrasonography (US) by the apparatus Voluson-I (GE) using a 4-13 MHz linear-array transducer. The reduced index GUESS was applied for score of enthesitis: Achilles tendon thickness &gt;5.29 mm, retrocalcaneal bursitis, posterior pole of calcaneus erosion, posterior pole of calcaneus enthesophyte, plantar aponeurosis thickness &gt;4.4 mm, inferior pole of calcaneus erosion, inferior pole of calcaneus enthesophyte. Total possible score on belateral lower limb is 14. <h3>Results</h3> On clinical examination 16 (31.4%) entheseal sites were abnormal and on US examination 35 (68.6%) sites were abnormal, (p=0.0002). Achilles tendon thickness was found in 15 (29.4%) patients with early PsA, retrocalcaneal bursitis – in 4 (7.8%), plantar aponeurosis thickness – in 27 (53%), calcaneus erosion – in 3 (6%), calcaneus enthesophyte – in 20 (39.2%). The dactylitis were detected in 25 (49%) patients and psoriatic onychodystrophy – in 27 (53%). Median DAS28 index was 4.8 [3.3; 5.6], median hsCRP - 9.3 [2.1; 28], mean Sharp's index - 32±5.0. Index GUESS of patients was from 1 to 6 point (mean 2.4±0.2). There was significant correlation between the index GUESS and high degree of the disease activity - DAS28 (r=0.49, p=0.0001), hsCRP (r=0.43, p=0.001), dactylitis (r=0.32, p=0.02), index Sharp (r=0.30, p=0.03) and onychodystrophy (r=0.34, p=0.01). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The enthesitis as characteristic symptom of PsA were found the early stage of the disease in high percentage. They associated with higher degree of inflammatory activity of the disease, dactylitis, psoriatic onychodystrophy and with higher incidence of erosive disease. This study has shown the US may be useful in the detection of entheseal abnormality in early PsA patients than clinical examination. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract 338: Regulation of mutant p53 retarded cell growth established from mouse lung cancer.
Authors: Young-Ah Suh, Chae Lim Jung, Ji-Ho Park, Se Jin Jang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The genetic defects in lung cancer patient are the most important factor for malignancies, and it has been reported that approximately 50% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have mutations in certain tumor-related genes. Therefore, exhaustive efforts have been devoted to uncovering the genetic alterations of lung cancer, although its driving genes and genetic determinants that attribute to the development of lung cancer so far remain elusive. The K-ras activation due to the mutant is notorious in many kinds of cancer types, including pancreatic cancer and lung adenocarcinoma, as is generally accepted as driving mutation for lung malignancy of lung adenocarcinoma. Another predominantly alternated gene in lung cancer is the EGFR that hits the similar signaling with K-ras activation, to which small molecules and antibodies target to halt the tumor progression. The tumor suppressor p53 is also often altered in almost all kinds of cancers and lung cancer. In this reason, K-ras activated mouse is utilized as lung cancer mouse model. K-ras activated mouse eventually develops lung adenocarcinoma, which can be accelerated with mutated p53. Due to the gain-of-function, mutant p53 protein contributes to tumor metastasis and shortening of the latency of tumor progression. Thereby activated K-ras/mutant p53 mouse is preferentially used as lung adenocarcinoma preclinical model. Here, we have regulated mutant p53 protein expression in mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF) or tumor cells derived from activated K-ras/mutant p53 mouse with small molecules to inhibit tumor growth. The cell growth was inhibited when the mutant p53 was destabilized. We assessed the mechanism that is responsible for the regulation of gain-of-function metastatic phenotype observed in the p53 mutant mouse Citation Format: Young-Ah Suh, Chae Lim Jung, Ji-Ho Park, Se Jin Jang. Regulation of mutant p53 retarded cell growth established from mouse lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 338. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-338
A Foreign Body
Authors: Roberto Flores-Suarez, Jorge Reyes-del Valle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 35-year-old man presented to the emergency department with profuse rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, and an altered mental status. On physical examination, he was found to be intoxicated, with a blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg, a pulse of 110 beats per minute, and an oxygen saturation of 90%. Abdominal examination revealed a mass and the presence of peritoneal signs. There was no evidence of trauma. A foreign body was found on rectal examination but was not visible. Once the patient was hemodynamically stable, plain-film radiography of the abdomen was performed, and an intact bottle was seen in the rectosigmoid . . .
Abstract 1483: 15-Deoxy-D12,14-prostaglandin J2 upregulates 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase expression through activation of AP-1 signaling in human colon cancer cells
Authors: Jong-Min Park, Kyung-Hwa Cho, Seung-Jae Myung, Young-Joon Surh, Hye-Kyung Na
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Abnormal up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression has been considered as a key oncogenic event in inflammation-associated human colon carcinogenesis. It was reported that 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), a physiological antagonist of COX-2 in its catabolism, is ubiquitously lost in human colon cancer, and hence considered as a tumor suppressor. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of 15-PGDH expression in colon carcinogenesis remain largely unresolved. In the present study, we found that 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), one of the terminal products of COX-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism, upregulates the expression of 15-PGDH in the human colon cancer HCT116 cells in a time and concentration-dependent manners. 15d-PGJ2 treatment (10 μM) significantly upregulated the expression of 15-PGDH and its mRNA transcript. 15-PGDH activity was also elevated by 15d-PGJ2 treatment. In a subsequent experiment, we performed cDNA microarray analysis with HCT116 cells exposed to 15d-PGJ2 (10 µM) for 3 h. We observed that C/EBP delta, FOS-like antigen 1, and c-Jun (AP-1) were the most highly induced genes upon treatment with 15d-PGJ2. Based on these findings, we determined whether 15d-PGJ2 could activate the DNA binding of AP-1, a representative transcription factor that preferentially binds to the promoter region of 15-PGDH. 15d-PGJ2 caused increased DNA binding activity of AP-1 in HCT116 cells. Moreover, siRNA knock down of c-Jun, a major subunit of AP-1, significantly reduced 15-PGDH expression as well as AP-1 DNA binding induced by 15d-PGJ2. To elucidate the upstream signaling pathways responsible for AP-1 activation and 15-PGDH expression induced by 15d-PGJ2, we examined the effect of this cyclopentenone prostaglandin on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as ERK, p38 and JNK, and also Akt. We observed that a pharmacological inhibition of Akt/PKB with LY294002 abrogated the 15d-PGJ2-induced 15-PGDH expression and AP-1 DNA binding activity, while inhibitors of MAPKs failed to affect these events. Taken together, these finding suggest that 15d-PGJ2 upregulates the expression of 15-PGDH via Akt-mediated AP-1 activation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1483.
Prevention of Docetaxel-Induced Erythrodysesthesia With Local Hypothermia
Authors: GRETA C. ZIMMERMAN, JAMES H. KEELING, MARY LOWRY, JERRY MEDINA, DANIEL D. VON HOFF, HOWARD A. BURRIS
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Prevention of Docetaxel-Induced Erythrodysesthesia With Local Hypothermia Get access GRETA C. ZIMMERMAN, GRETA C. ZIMMERMAN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JAMES H. KEELING, JAMES H. KEELING Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MARY LOWRY, MARY LOWRY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JERRY MEDINA, JERRY MEDINA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DANIEL D. VON HOFF, DANIEL D. VON HOFF Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HOWARD A. BURRIS HOWARD A. BURRIS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 7, 6 April 1994, Pages 557–558, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.7.557 Published: 06 April 1994
Ovarian Cancer Screening Trials In Progress
Authors: C. McNeil
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Ovarian Cancer Screening Trials In Progress Get access Caroline McNeil Caroline McNeil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 17, 6 September 1995, Page 1284, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.17.1284 Published: 06 September 1995
P401 DISEASE PROGRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS UNDER LONG-TERM TREATMENT WITH URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID – A HISTOLOGY-BASED ANALYSIS
Authors: E. Sinakos, T. Vasiliadis, I. Goulis, L. Papalavrentios, N. Perlepe, K. Patsiaoura, P. Hytiroglou, E. Akriviadis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
FRI0476 Relative fdg accumulation of the aortic wall lesions to aortic blood pool in 18f-fdg-pet and pet/ct is a useful parameter for assessing the disease activity of takayasu arteritis
Authors: A. Ihata, K. Shizukuishi, D. Kishimoto, T. Watanabe, R. Watanabe, M. Hama, R. Yoshimi, A. Ueda, M. Takeno, Y. Ishigatsubo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> There is accumulating evidence that <sup>18</sup>F-fluolodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and PET/ computed tomography (PET/CT) is useful for monitoring patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA). <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate a quantitative indicator in FDG-PET or PET/CT scans for the disease activity of TA. <h3>Methods</h3> We retrospectively investigated 16 TA patients who had FDG-PET or PET/CT scans (total 76 scans) from 2004 to 2012 (all female, 39.1 ± 19.7 years). FDG accumulations in aortic wall lesions of TA was evaluated by semi-quantitative index; the standardized uptake value (SUV). In addition to SUVmax in the aortic wall, we also calculated SUV ratio of maximum aortic wall uptake to mean lung uptake (SUVratio <i>Lu</i>), SUV ratio of maximum aortic wall uptake to mean liver uptake (SUVratio <i>Li</i>), and SUV ratio of maximum aortic wall uptake to mean aortic blood pool uptake (SUVratio <i>BP</i>). We analyzed the relationships of these SUV parameters with the disease activity, which was defined by the level of CRP. We also determined the cutoff levels, sensitivity, and specificity of 4 sets of SUVs (SUVmax, SUVratio <i>Lu,</i> SUVratio <i>Li</i>, and SUVratio <i>BP</i>) for CRP based disease activity by using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. Moreover, we compared the correlation of these 4 parameters and CRP. <h3>Results</h3> In 76 total PET and PET/CT scan examinations, active (CRP positive) and inactive (negative) groups were 36 and 40, respectively. All 4 sets of SUV in the aortic wall lesions were significant higher in active group than inactive group ( SUVmax : p &lt; 0.001, SUVratio <i>Lu</i> : p &lt; 0.0 5, SUVratio <i>Li</i> : p &lt; 0.0001, SUVratio <i>BP</i> : p &lt; 0.0001 ). ROC analysis revealed that the cutoff point of SUVratio <i>BP</i> was 1.7 resulted in the highest sensitivity of 94.7% and specificity of 81.6% and that the area under the curve was 0.929 (95%CI:0.871-0.929). Among 4 sets of SUVs, SUVratio <i>BP</i> showed the highest coefficient of correlation with the logarithm index of CRP (cor=0.66)<i>.</i> <h3>Image/graph</h3> <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data suggest that SUVratio <i>BP,</i> which represents relative FDG accumulation of the aortic wall lesions to aortic blood pool, is the best indicator to assess disease activity of TA. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract 2163: Global gene expression profiles of the Egyptian hepatocellular carcinoma associated with HCV-Genotype-4
Authors: Abdel-Rahman N. Zekri, Abeer Bahnassy, Mohamed Hafez, Zeinab Hassan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a preventable disease rather than a curable one, since there is no well-documented effective treatment modality until now, making the molecular study of this disease mandatory. Methods: Forty cases of HCV genotype 4-associated HCC patients from Egypt were studied for gene expression profile by 41 K c-DNA microarray. Result: Out of the 41,000 genes, 958 were differentially expressed; 503 were up regulated (58 genes are involved in 65 different pathways) and 455 were down regulated (49 genes are involved in 59 different pathways). Only 19 pathways were specifically up regulated by 27 genes (ABCB10, ABCG2, RXRA, PRKAB2, IKBKG, ELOVL2, RAF1, ATP6V1A, FLJ21865, GUSB, IL7, EPO, CD1B, FGFR1, PDPK1, KPS6KB1, NOTCH4, CDK7, MNAT1, PRKACB, RXRA, PRKACB, ACCN1, RPS6KB1, BMP8A, SMAD6, CYCLIN E2) and 13 pathways are specifically down regulated by 19 genes (ARHGEF2,WASL, BACE1, A2M, PPP3CA, SLC1A, ITGAV, NRXN2, NCAM1, PER1, PIGX, ST3GAL2, ST3GAL4, DGKQ, ATG5, ENPEP, POLR2B, LTA). Sixty seven genes showed significant difference in their expression between HCC cases with and without cirrhosis. Confirmation of array data by RT-PCR was performed on a subset of genes (PPP3CA [75%], ATG-5 [85%], BACE [62%] which showed down regulation and ABCG2 [90%], RXRA [80%], ELOVL2 [65%], CXR3 [80%]) which showed up regulation. Conclusion: This is the first study on the global gene expression profile in Egyptian HCC patients associated with HCV-Genotype-4 using the cDNA microarray. The identified genes could provide a panel of new prognostic and diagnostic markers for HCV- associated HCC. Also, our data identified some genes which are related to hepatic encephalopathy like ACCN1, BACE1, apoB, GABA-A AND ATG5 which could play an important role in the cross talk between liver and brain. They could also be used to identify candidate genes for molecular target therapy. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2163.
LONG-TERM (7-YEAR) CLINICAL OUTCOMES AFTER BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER-BASED BIOMATRIX BIOLIMUS-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION
Authors: Masanobu Ohya, Kazushige Kadota, Yusuke Hyodo, Suguru Otsuru, Daiji Hasegawa, Takeshi Tada, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yasushi Fuku, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
F-18 FDG PET/CT Findings of Aggressive NK-Cell Leukemia
Authors: Thorsten Derlin, Janos Mester, Susanne Klutmann
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Aggressive natural killer (NK) cell leukemia is a rare hematologic malignancy characterized by diffuse infiltration of bone marrow and leukemic involvement of organs. Detection of organ involvement is challenging using morphologic imaging procedures. We report a case of aggressive NK-cell leukemia detected by F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography might be a valuable tool enabling diagnosis and comprehensive staging of NK cell leukemia.
Self-sampling for community respiratory illness: a new tool for national virological surveillance
Authors: A J Elliot, A Bermingham, A Charlett, A Lackenby, J Ellis, C Sadler, P Sebastianpillai, C Powers, D Foord, E Povey, B Evans, H Durnall, D M Fleming, D Brown, G E Smith, M Zambon
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

This report aims to evaluate the usefulness of self-sampling as an approach for future national surveillance of emerging respiratory infections by comparing virological data from two parallel surveillance schemes in England. Nasal swabs were obtained via self-administered sampling from consenting adults (≥?16 years-old) with influenza symptoms who had contacted the National Pandemic Flu Service (NPFS) health line during the 2009 influenza pandemic. Equivalent samples submitted by sentinel general practitioners participating in the national influenza surveillance scheme run jointly by the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) and Health Protection Agency were also obtained. When comparable samples were analysed there was no significant difference in results obtained from self-sampling and clinician-led sampling schemes. These results demonstrate that self-sampling can be applied in a responsive and flexible manner, to supplement sentinel clinician-based sampling, to achieve a wide spread and geographically representative way of assessing community transmission of a known organism.
Abstract 5612: Identification of shared regions of genetic susceptibility to breast cancer in Arab and Jewish women with a family history of consanguinity
Authors: Michele C. Gornick, Sana Shakour, Jun Li, Gad Rennert, Stephen B. Gruber
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Israel, and a leading cause of death among women regardless of their ethnic origin. However, younger ages at diagnosis, larger primary tumor size, and lower 5-year survival rate have been reported among Arab women compared with the Jewish women. Arabs have a high rate of parental consanguinity, ranging from 25% to 60% in different countries in the Middle East. Consanguinity leads to a higher probability of sharing alleles identical-by-descent and increased risks for autosomal recessive disorders. Methods: Genome-wide analysis of germline DNA from 32 breast cancer patients and 26 first degree relatives was performed using the Affymetrix Human SNP Array 6.0 or the Illumina CytoSNP12 genotyping platform. Probands were screened for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 to exclude common forms of inherited susceptibility. Genotype data were analyzed using PLINK to screen for runs of homozygosity of at least 500 kilobases. Results: Long runs of homozygosity were observed in five samples, including two consanguineous Arab and 3 Ashkenazi Jewish probands. The largest region of homozygosity was on chromosome 10q23.1-25.3 which harbors several important candidate genes, including the tumor suppressor gene PTEN. Conclusion: Preliminary analysis of breast cancer patients from consanguineous families of Arab or Jewish descent provide suggestive evidence of recessive susceptibility to breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5612. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5612
Cost-effectiveness (CE) analysis of CHOP and rituximab for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in British Columbia (BC)
Authors: G. W. Loh, S. C. Taylor, S. Peacock, V. Moravan, M. Krahn, L. Sehn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

6623 Background: The BC Cancer Agency (BCCA) provides province-wide, population-based care. Outcomes are monitored to verify therapeutic effectiveness and justify funding for systemic treatment policies. The CE of rituximab with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) (CHOP-R) for DLBCL was compared to its predecessor, CHOP alone. Methods: This was a pragmatic population-based CE analysis based on the original cohort of advanced DLBCL patients described by Sehn et al (JCO 2005) who received either CHOP or CHOP-R between Sept 1999 and Aug 2002 (18-months pre and post availability of rituximab in BC) according to standard BCCA treatment policy at the time. The primary endpoint was CE in terms of life-expectancy (LE) at a median follow-up of 4 years (cost-per-life-year-gained). Costs were incorporated into a decision analysis including primary systemic therapy and downstream chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and stem-cell transplant (SCT). Actual incidence of each downstream therapy was converted to a probability for each group. Downstream therapy costs were then multiplied by these probabilities and added to the respective primary treatment costs. The CE analysis took the BCCA perspective which includes all direct costs for active cancer treatment, and hospitalization for SCT, but not ambulatory supportive care. Sensitivity analyses varying LE to the extremes of its 95% CI, modeling out to 15 years and discounting at 0, 3, and 5% were performed. Results: 292 patients were included and categorized to treatment received: 148 CHOP and 144 CHOP-R (median follow- up 5.4 and 4 years respectively). LE to 4 years was 30.18 months for CHOP and 39.44 for CHOP-R. OS at 4 years was 48.8% and 70.1% for CHOP and CHOP-R respectively (p&lt;0.0001) Respective costs of primary and downstream therapy were $4,682 and $7,198 for CHOP versus $26,366 and $6,228 for CHOP-R. The incremental CE ratio at 4 years median follow-up was $26,844 CDN per life year gained. Results were robust across univariate sensitivity analyses conducted. Conclusions: At 4 years median follow-up, CHOP-R improves LE and appears to be economically attractive at conventional thresholds. CE is an increasingly useful tool for the BCCA in making decisions about new cancer therapies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
MULTI-FACETED KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION TO IMPROVE CARE OF PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM THE INTEGRATE/FACILITER PROJECTS
Authors: Thao Huynh, Teresa Kus, Isabelle Greiss, Robert Breton, Jean-Francois Sarrazin, Martine Montigny, Vidal Essebag, Danielle Dion, Felix Alejandro Ayala Paredes, Franco Sandrin, Mladen Palaic, Lawrence Rudski, Vartan Mardigyan, Miguel Barrero Garcia, Serge Brulotte, Magdi Sami, Houde Gilles, Francois Philippon, Gilles O’Hara, Caroline Boudreault
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Endobronchial ultrasonic videoscope for transgastric/transesophageal fine-needle aspiration in special situations: another tool for the gastrointestinal endosonographer
Authors: S. Chatterjee, K. Oppong
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Stricturing lesions of the esophagus or pharynx may impede passage of standard linear echoendoscopes and thus preclude tissue sampling/staging of malignancy [1]. Esophageal dilation may be risky and not always feasible. We report on the successful use of the endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) videoscope in three patients with stricturing lesions.