tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
S56 Differences In Forced Oscillation Technique Between Healthy Individuals, Obstructive Sleep Apnoea And Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
Authors: S. Mandal, A. Vaughan-France, T. Dhir, E. Suh, P. Pompilio, R. Dellaca, N. Hart
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Forced oscillation technique has been used to demonstrate expiratory flow limitation (EFL, by measurement of DX<sub>rs</sub>,<sub>5Hz</sub>) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, however, this technique has not been widely used in the obese population. Obese individuals breathe at lower lung volumes and are therefore likely to develop EFL. We have previously demonstrated EFL occurs in individuals with obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) but wished to determine if this also occurred in those with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and compare differences between these groups. <h3>Method</h3> Subjects with established OSA, OHS and healthy volunteers were recruited from the Lane Fox Respiratory Unit and Sleep Disorders Centre, St Thomas’ Hospital. Subjects underwent measurements of height, weight, spirometry and EFL (ResmonPro, ResTech, Milan, Italy). <h3>Results</h3> Eleven healthy (HC), 8 OSA and 9 OHS subjects were recruited, age 23.6 ± 4.2, 31.4 ± 8.0 and 58.9 ± 10.4 years respectively. Body mass index (BMI): healthy subjects 17.9 ± 2.9; OSA group 41.4 ± 8.0; OHS group; 46.8 ± 9.3 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, there were significant differences in BMI between the HC and OSA and OHS groups (p &lt; 0.001) but no difference between OSA and OHS. Spirometry (FEV1, FVC): HC 3.54 ± 1.15, 4.35 ± 1.47, OSA 2.55 ± 0.85, 3.27 ± 1.03 OHS 2.04 ± 0.74, 2.58 ± 0.85. In both the OSA and OHS groups DX<sub>rs</sub> increased with recumbency, as did the percentage of flow limited breaths (Table 1). Each group significantly increased their inspiratory resistance with the supine position compared to the upright seated position. There was a significant difference in DX<sub>rs</sub> between HC and OHS only in upright, 45° and supine positions (p &lt; 0.05). There was also a difference in the percentage of EFL breaths between HC and OHS in the 45° and supine positions and between OSA and OHS in the 45° position (p &lt; 0.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patients with obesity and sleep disordered breathing experience EFL, which was more evident in the OHS group compared to the OSA group. This may be a consequence of their higher BMI impacting their lung volumes to a greater extent. Furthermore, the impact of position was greater in the OHS group suggesting that EFL may be a contributing factor in the development of hypercapnic respiratory failure in these individuals.
When I use a word . . .: Attendee
Authors: A. West
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Well, I don't. The verb to attend comes from the Latin, meaning “to stretch to.” From this developed the meaning “to direct the mind or energy to,” and later “to direct one's care to.” The meaning “to present oneself at a meeting” is dated back to the 17th century.

The suffix -ee is given four meanings in the Shorter Oxford Dictionary and is admittedly a muddy area. However, none of the meanings comes near to denoting the subject of a verb (the person who does the thing, such as attending a meeting). It is I who attends the meeting, and not the meeting which attends me. The nearest legitimate use listed would be in the adoption into English of the past participle of certain reflexive verbs in French, such as “se refugier” (to remove oneself from a place in the interests of one's safety), which results in the word refugee. While I have taken refuge from meetings at times, I have never thought of attending a meeting as a reflexive activity. Perhaps “attendee” should be reserved for those who attend meetings in order to listen to themselves.

I may have occasionally been the smallest person at a meeting and might therefore qualify for the diminutive suffix, rather as a small coat becomes a coatee, but, since I was never an attend, even being small would not make me an attendee.

There are already two words for a person who attends, and they are attendant and attender. Curiously the Shorter Oxford Dictionary gives the former the meaning at issue, whereas I find the second the easier to use. But surely there is no need for a third.

My suggestion is that we learn to accept, when talking about what we do, that we probably haven't invented a new practice and so we probably don't need a new word.
Abstract 1070: New potent inhibitors of the androgen receptor that target its BF3 surface binding site.
Authors: Ravi Munuganti, Fuqiang Ban, Huifang Li, Eric LeBlanc, Peter Axerio, Kate Frewin, Emma Tomlinson Guns, Artem Cherkasov, Paul S. Rennie
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract In the development and progression of prostate cancer, the androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role and its hormone/ligand-binding site is the primary therapeutic target for all antiandrogens (eg Bicalutamide, MDV3100) currently used to treat advanced, metastatic forms of this disease. While treatment with these AR inhibitors initially suppresses prostate tumor growth, resistance to these drugs invariably emerges. Accordingly, there exists a clinical need for the development of new AR antagonists with different chemical structures and different mechanisms of action for targeting and inhibiting AR transactivation. To this end, we have focused on a surface pocket on the AR called Binding Function 3 (BF3). Applying iterative in silico screening to millions of chemicals in the ZINC database, coupled with biological screening for AR binding and activity, we identified several compounds that can bind directly to the BF3 pocket and inhibit AR transactivation. Cell-based screening assays for inhibition of a fluorescent ARE-reporter and PSA expression, together with Biolayer Interferometry analysis for measuring binding to the AR, revealed several chemically distinct BF-3 binders that showed significant IC50 inhibitions of the AR in the nano-molar to low micro-molar range. Validation for binding to the BF3 site was performed by x-ray crystallography. Furthermore, none of these compounds were able to displace DHT from the hormone binding site even at concentrations more than 10-fold higher than their IC50 values. In addition to wild type LNCaP prostate cancer cells, these BF3 binders effectively inhibited cell proliferation (MTS assay) and PSA expression in derived MDV3100-resistant prostate cancer cell lines, but had no effect on cell viability of AR-negative prostate cancer cell lines. In summary, we have identified an entirely new class of anti-androgens that bind to the BF3 surface site of the AR and inhibit its transactivation by a mechanism which does not involve binding to its hormone/ligand binding site and thereby bypasses the treatment resistance seen with conventional antiandrogens. (Supported by funds from the PCF, Canada Safeway, and CIHR). Citation Format: Ravi Munuganti, Fuqiang Ban, Huifang Li, Eric LeBlanc, Peter Axerio, Kate Frewin, Emma Tomlinson Guns, Artem Cherkasov, Paul S. Rennie. New potent inhibitors of the androgen receptor that target its BF3 surface binding site. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1070. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1070
Abstract 3318: A distinct subpopulation within CD133 positive brain tumor cells shares characteristics with endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: Seung-Ki Kim, Seung Ah Choi, Kyu-Chang Wang, Ji Hoon Phi, Ji Yeoun Lee, Byung-Kyu Cho, Chul-Kee Park, Sung-Hye Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The cell surface marker CD133 was proposed as a brain tumor stem cell marker. However there have been substantial controversies regarding the necessity and role of CD133 in tumorigenesis. This study aimed to characterize CD133 positive cells in brain tumors. Fresh human brain tumor specimens and whole blood were collected from the same patients [medulloblastoma (N=6), glioblastoma (N=4), ependymoma (N=1), and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT, N=2)]. Dual FACS staining for CD133/CD34, functional assay of CD133 positive cells from different origin for tumorigenesis and angiogenesis were done. We also investigated the in vivo tumorigenic potential and histological characteristics of four distinct groups on the basis of expression of CD133/CD34 markers (CD133+, CD133+/CD34+, CD133+/CD34-, and CD133-). CD133 positive brain tumor cells coexpressed significantly higher positivity for CD34 (67.97 ± 5.34 % in CD133 (+) cells vs. 11.96 ± 1.48 % in CD133 (−) cells, P&amp;lt;0.001). CD133 positive brain tumor cells formed neurosphere-like spheroids and differentiated into multiple nervous system lineages contrary to CD133 positive blood cells. Furthermore they showed biological characteristics of endothelial cells including vWF expression, LDL uptake and tube formation in vitro, unlike CD133 negative brain tumors cells. Pathologic analysis of the brains implanted with CD133+ glioma cells showed large, highly proliferative and vascular tumors with widespread necrosis and hemorrhage. Notably pure BTSC (CD133+/CD34-) or EPC (CD133+/CD34+) fraction alone did not generate tumor. Our data suggest the presence of a distinct subpopulation of CD133 positive cells isolated from human brain tumors, with characteristics of EPCs. Therefore, interpreting the results of experiments carried out with “CD133-positive BTSCs” should be extrapolated with caution. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3318. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3318
TCTAP A-100 Clinical Outcome of Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation for Diabetic Patients with Femoropopliteal Disease in Comparison with Bare Metal Stent
Authors: Masakazu Tsutsumi, Toshiya Muramatsu, Hiroshi Ishimori, Keisuke Hirano, Masatsugu Nakano, Masahiro Yamawaki, Motoharu Araki, Norihiro Kobayashi, Yasunari Sakamoto, Shinsuke Mori, Takuro Takama, Hiroya Takafuji, Yohsuke Honda, Takahiro Tokuda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
SAT0332 Connective Tissue Degradation by Matrix Metalloproteinases (C1M) is Predictive of Radiographic Progression in Ankylosing Spondylitis Preferentially in Patients Who Smoke: Table 1
Authors: A.S. Siebuhr, S. Ramiro, A.-C. Bay-Jensen, D. van der Heijde, R. Landewé, A. Tubergen, M.A. Karsdag
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory, rheumatic disease predominately affecting the axial skeleton. It is a slowly progressing disease which can be described by excessive connective tissue remodelling. Early identification of progression is needed in order to target and slow disease progression prior to joint destruction. The excessive connective tissue remodelling can be assessed by serum quantification of type I collagen degradation fragments (C1M) generated by matrix metalloproteinase, which has shown to be a biomarker of disease progression in RA<sup>1</sup>. <h3>Objectives</h3> We investigated the relationship between the serum measure of C1M and radiographic progression in AS and possible interactions with co-variants. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients in the Outcome in Ankylosing Spondylitis international Study (OASIS, n=122) with serum available and with a 2-year radiographic progression score were included in this study. Radiographic progression was measured as the difference in the modified Stoke in AS (mSASSS) between the two radiographs. C1M<sup>2</sup> was assessed in serum at baseline. Linear regression analyses were conducted, adjusted for potential confounders (table). Interactions were tested. <h3>Results</h3> The studied population consisted of 70% male with a mean symptom duration of 23 years (SD 12), 82% were HLA-B27 positive and 91% were anti-TNF naïve. Baseline C1M was significantly predictive of 2-year mSASSS progression (β 0.01, p=0.050). This effect disappeared when adjusted for confounders. However, C1M as predictor of progression was different in smokers and non-smokers. In smokers, the effect was more pronounced (unadjusted: β 0.01, p=0.003 and adjusted: β 0.06, p=0.019). Interestingly, C1M was a better predictor of progression in patients with a disease duration of less than 18 years (p=0.016). The effect of C1M on radiographic progression disappeared when CRP was included in the model. <h3>Conclusions</h3> C1M is a potential biomarker of radiographic progression in AS, particularly in patients who smoke and who have shorter disease duration. However, C1M seems to predict progression as much as CRP. This suggests that C1M could be a biomarker that can identify fast progressors in AS. <h3>References</h3> Siebuhr AS et al. 2013, ART, 15:R86 doi:10.1186/ar4266. 2: Leeming,D. et al. 2011, Biomarkers 16, 616-628 (2011). <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> A. S. Siebuhr Employee of: Nordic Bioscience, S. Ramiro: None declared, A.-C. Bay-Jensen Employee of: Nordic Bioscience, D. van der Heijde: None declared, R. Landewé: None declared, A. Tubergen: None declared, M. Karsdag Shareholder of: Nordic Bioscience, Employee of: Nordic Bioscience <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5191
Conditioned-Reflex Treatment of Alcoholism
Authors: Joseph Thimann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

FEBRUARY, 1949, marked the end of seven years of application of the conditioned reflex as a therapy for alcohol addiction at the Washingtonian Hospital. This fact calls for an evaluation of this part of the total therapeutic plan1 , 2 concerning chronic alcoholism.The present article is the first of two dealing with the rationale, technic, indications, contraindications, risks and psychologic aspects of the treatment, as well as its efficacy and methods of evaluating it.The last two decades have made it quite fashionable for any intelligent lay person, and a veritable shibboleth for a modern professional man, to announce that alcoholism . . .
Megaduodenum in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Raúl Contreras, Job Rodríguez Hernández
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

A 46-year-old woman with a 7-year history of systemic sclerosis treated with methotrexate presented with abdominal pain, persistent nausea, and vomiting of undigested food that had begun 3 months earlier. A barium-swallow examination revealed duodenal distention.
SAT0474 Predictors of Bone Loss in Men Treated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: an Observational Study: Table 1.
Authors: J. Cotton, M. Bukhari, A. Oldroyd
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay of treatment for non-metastatic prostate cancer<sup>1</sup>. It is known to have adverse effects including fatigue, anaemia, a decrease in lean body mass as well as a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD)<sup>1</sup>. Regulatory bodies such as NICE recognize that men on ADT should be considered for fracture risk assessment including the use of a DEXA scan<sup>2</sup>. Few conclusions have been drawn as to where this bone loss occurs and what other predictors affect bone loss. <h3>Objectives</h3> This study aims to determine the predictors of bone loss at the femoral neck and on the lumbar spine in men being treated with androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. <h3>Methods</h3> Data was collated from patients referred for a DEXA scan at a hospital in the North West of England (UK) between 2004 and 2011. The BMD of the femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (L1L4) were recorded in men who had a history of ADT use, in addition to a number of predictors of osteoporosis. These predictors were examined using linear regression models to determine how they affected bone loss at the femoral neck and lumbar spine, unadjusted for age and adjusted for age. <h3>Results</h3> 124 patients included in the study. The mean age was 75.6 years (SD 7.99). Predictors of bone loss studied included steroid therapy, tobacco use, alcohol excess, history of rheumatoid arthritis, family history of fracture, % body fat and body mass index (BMI). 15 patients had sustained a fracture. Using linear regression analysis, the only predictor found to have a significant effect on bone loss in these men was BMI, which persisted when adjusted for age (see Table 1). The T scores were lower in the FN (mean -1.22) than the L1L4 (mean -0.32). low FN BMD was the only variable that was associated with the fractures (p=0.04). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study identifies that the BMI of a patient on ADT is a further predictor of bone loss. This persists after adjusting for age. This effect is seen more in L1L4. This study highlights there is a need to assess patients with a low BMI and on ADT for osteoporosis and ensure appropriate preventative treatment is provided. Reducing the risk of osteoporosis will not only benefit patients in preventing future fractures but also reduce the cost to the NHS. More work into this topic is warranted. <h3>References</h3> J Clin Oncol, 25: 1038–1042. NICE guidance CG146, http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG146. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism 90: 12. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4113
Researchers Search For Genetic Insights Into Breast Cancer Development
Authors: T. Reynolds
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Researchers Search For Genetic Insights Into Breast Cancer Development Get access Tom Reynolds Tom Reynolds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 3, 5 February 1992, Pages 142–143, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.3.142 Published: 05 February 1992
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THICKNESS OF CALCIUM AND CRACK FORMATION AFTER BALLOON DILATATION IN CALCIFIED PLAQUE REQUIRING ROTATIONAL ATHERECTOMY: SERIAL OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Nobuhiko Maejima, Kiyoshi Hibi, Shotaro Kuji, Kensuke Matsushita, Yugo Minamimoto Minamimoto, Eiichi Akiyama, Yasushi Matsuzawa, Katsutaka Hashiba, Noriaki Iwahashi, Kengo Tsukahara, Masami Kosuge, Toshiaki Ebina, Satoshi Umemura, Kazuo Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Epidemiological surveillance of colonising group B Streptococcus epidemiology in the Lisbon and Tagus Valley regions, Portugal (2005 to 2012): emergence of a new epidemic type IV/clonal complex 17 clone
Authors: C Florindo, V Damião, I Silvestre, C Farinha, F Rodrigues, F Nogueira, F Martins-Pereira, R Castro, M J Borrego, I Santos-Sanches, collective The Group for the Prevention of Neonatal GBS Infection
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
M8 The effect of distance from the hospital, public transport availabity and socioeconomic deprivation on non-attendance at a difficult asthma clinic: Abstract M8 Table 1.
Authors: J Mayer, P Abraham, H Burhan, BJ McDonough, S Mault
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Regular clinic review is an important factor in reducing morbidity in asthma<sup>1</sup>. In a specialist difficult asthma clinic at our large city centre teaching hospital seeing more than 100 new primary and secondary care referrals per year, ‘did not attend’ (DNA) rates were 9% higher than in a general respiratory clinic led by the same consultant. A previous study has demonstrated an association between socioeconomic deprivation and non-attendance<sup>2</sup>. We hypothesised distance from the clinic, long public transport journeys and socioeconomic deprivation were related to an increased number of missed appointments. <h3>Methods</h3> Data were collected between April 2011 and March 2012 inclusive. Patient criteria included those with a Liverpool postcode who had missed one or more of their appointments. Patients were grouped into categories according to number of DNAs. Distance from hospital; availability and time taken by public transport and socioeconomic status of postcode were reviewed. These were calculated using Google maps; local public travel information services and the Indices of Deprivation 2010 dataset<sup>3 </sup>. <h3>Results</h3> Eighty-nine patients with Liverpool postcodes were included in the study. Number of DNAs ranged from 1 to 6. Data according to patient group by number of DNAs is displayed below. Only two patients had missed 5 and 6 appointments therefore these groups were excluded from analysis. There was no statistical difference between distance from hospital, time to get to hospital by public transport or socioeconomic status on the number of missed appointments. See Table 1. <h3>Discussion</h3> Reasons for missing clinic appointments are multifactorial and, in our cohort, there was no association found between distance from the hospital, time taken by public transport to reach the hospital or economic deprivation. Assumptions of low socioeconomic status relating to poor clinic attendance are often made by clinicians however there is no evidence to suggest this is valid in our patient group. Reducing DNA’s remains an important area of investigation and a key objective of NHS Institution of Innovation and improvement. <h3>References</h3> Gibson, PG, Powel H, Coughlin J, <i>et al</i>. Self management education and regular practitioner review for adults with asthma <i>Cochrane Database Syst Rev</i> 2003;(1):CD00117 Hamilton, W., Round, A. &amp; Sharp, D. Patient hospital and general practitioner characteristics associated with nonattendance: a cohort study. <i>British Journal of General Practice</i>. 2002; (314) 317–319. English Indices of Deprivation 2010, Department for Communities and Local governments March 2011, Available from www.gov.uk/governemtn/publications/english-indices-of-deprivation-2012