tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sputum eosinophilia identifies systemic corticosteroid responsiveness in acute exacerbations of COPD
Authors: Mona Bafadhel, Susan McKenna, Sarah Terry, Vijay Mistry, Mitesh Pancholi, David Lomas, Per Venge, Mike Barer, Seb Johnston, Ian Pavord, Chris Brightling
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Eosinophilic airway inflammation (EA, >3% sputum eosinophils) during stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with corticosteroid responsiveness. Whether this is true during exacerbations remains unknown.   Methods:  COPD patients were entered into a double blind prednisolone placebo controlled trial. Measurements of airway inflammation, lung function and health status using the chronic respiratory questionnaire (CRQ) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were assessed at baseline, exacerbation and 2 weeks after treatment.   Results:  166 exacerbations were captured from 109 patients (69 men, 40 women). All eosinophilic exacerbations (n=31) were treated with prednisolone. Non eosinophilic airway inflammation (NEA) occurred in 135 exacerbations, of which 70% (n=94) were treated with prednisolone and 30% (n=41) with placebo. Two weeks after prednisolone treated exacerbations, quality of life and lung function improved significantly in those with EA compared to NEA (mean change, 95%CI) in CRQ and FEV 1  was 1.5 units (1.1 to 1.9) vs. 0.8 units (0.5 to 1.0) (p   Conclusion:  Corticosteroid responsiveness during exacerbations of COPD can be identified by a sputum eosinophilia.
Lenalidomide (Len) in combination with dexamethasone (Dex) is more effective than Dex alone at first relapse and provides better outcomes when used early rather than as later salvage therapy in relapsed multiple myeloma (MM)
Authors: E. A. Stadtmauer, D. Weber, M. A. Dimopoulos, I. Borrello, J. F. San-Miguel, A. Hellmann, M. Marta Olesnyckyj, Z. Yu, J. B. Zeldis, R. D. Knight
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

7600 Background: High-dose Dex remains a standard therapy for relapsed or refractory MM. Lenalidomide is a novel, oral, immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) that has activity against MM with additive effects when combined with Dex. At the interim analysis of MM-009/010, Len/Dex achieved a significant benefit over Dex, providing a longer median TTP, higher response rates, and higher CR rates. Aim: This prospective subgroup analysis was performed to determine the potential benefit of starting Len/Dex at first relapse by analyzing outcomes versus Dex among patients (pts) who had received only 1 versus &gt;1 prior line of therapy. Methods: Pts who had received 1–3 prior treatments and were not refractory to Dex were randomized to either oral lenalidomide (25 mg daily for 3 weeks every 4 weeks) plus Dex (40 mg on Days 1–4, 9–12, 17–20 every 4 weeks for 4 months, then 40 mg on Days 1–4 every cycle thereafter) or placebo plus Dex. The EBMT criteria were used for response. Randomization was stratified at entry by number of prior therapies (1 versus &gt; 1). Results: Of 692 randomized pts, 241 pts (34%) received only 1 prior therapy. Those receiving 2nd-line Len/Dex had a significantly longer median TTP (66 vs. 20 wks) and a higher RR (CR + PR); (63% vs. 26%) versus those receiving 2nd-line Dex. After a median follow-up of 12.1 mos for all pts, 2nd-line Len/Dex provided significantly improved overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio 1.85, P = 0.03) versus 2nd-line Dex. Among the 451 pts who had received &gt; 1 prior line of therapy, the median TTP (44 vs. 20 wks), RR (57% vs. 20%), and OS (hazard ratio 1.50, P = 0.03) were higher with Len/Dex vs. Dex. Response to Len/Dex was superior to that of Dex regardless of the type of prior therapy. Comparing pts who received Len/Dex as 2nd-line versus later salvage therapy, the median TTP was longer and response rates higher in pts treated in second-line. Conclusions: Len/Dex provided higher response rates and improved TTP compared with Dex at first relapse and beyond. TTP and response rates were superior when Len/Dex was administered earlier at first relapse compared with its use as later salvage therapy. These data support the use of Len/Dex for pts as 2nd-line therapy for relapsed MM. [Table: see text]
Pyruvate kinase deficiency. Association with G6PD deficiency.
Authors: P Mahendra, C Dollery, L Luzzatto, S Bloom, Stephen Gilbey
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Pyruvate kinase deficiency was first described in 1961 by Valentine et al.I Since then it has emerged as the second most common red cell enzyme defect after glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.Well over 300 cases have been reported worldwide, pre- dominantly in people with a North European ancestry.2It is, however, a rare disease, with an estimated prevalence of less than 1 in 10 000.
TCT-481 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention versus Coronary-Artery Bypass Grafting for Left Main Coronary Disease with Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Hee-Soon Park, Jae-Hyung Roh, Pil Hyung Lee, Mineok Chang, Sung-Han Yoon, Jung-Min Ahn, Bong-Ki Lee, Soo-Jin Kang, Duk-Woo Park, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
TCTAP A-136 Serum Creatinine Level Doesn’t Changed Much at 2nd Day After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI): Amount of Contrast Injected May Be the Key Factor
Authors: Shams Munwar, A.H.M. Waliul Islam, Azfar H. Bhuiyan, Shahab Uddin Talukder, A.Q.M. Reza, Tamzeed Ahmed, M.S. Alam, Intekhab Yousuf, Atique Siddique
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Metabolic Activity of the D-Isomers of Thyroxine and Tri-Iodothyronine
Authors: Maurice M. Best, Charles H. Duncan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

RECENT experimental observations in animals have indicated that certain modifications of the chemical structure of the natural thyroid hormones, L-thyroxine and L-tri-iodothyronine, result in compounds that retain much of the cholesterol-lowering activity of the natural hormones but exert significantly less calorigenic activity.1 2 3 Interest in these thyroxine-like compounds stems from the possibility that one or more of them will offer a safe and effective means of effecting a sustained reduction of serum cholesterol in persons with manifestations of coronary-artery atherosclerosis or who fall in the "high-risk" group as far as this disease is concerned. A number of reports of such clinical . . .
Morphological studies on age changes of arterial walls and progression of atherosclerosis in human aorta and cerebral arteries, and effects of lipoproteins on proliferation of monkey aortic smooth muscle cells.
Authors: Yoji Yoshida, Kenji Suzuki, Hiroko Shinkai, Genju Ooneda
Journal: Circulation (1980)

First, age changes and progression of atherosclerosis in the human aorta and cerebral arteries were studied morphologically. Secondly, effects of normolipemic high-density lipoprotein (HDL) on the proliferation of medial smooth muscle cells from the monkey aortas induced by hyperlipemic low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were investigated in vitro. Atherosclerosis developed in cellulofibrous intimal thickening in the human arteries. The first hitological evidence of the intimal proliferation of the middle cerebral arteries leading to the cellulofibrous intimal thickening was observed at bifurcations in 6 month-old fetuses. The initial event in the morphogenesis of the intimal thickening was believed to be the endothelial injuries caused by hemodynamic forces, namely, shear stress and turbulence of the blood flow at bifurcations of the arteries. The endothelial injuries resulted in increased endothelial permeability which permitted the entry of blood plasma into the tunica intima to proliferate myointimal cells (intimal smooth muscle cells) derived from the tunica media. The intimal thickening increased gradually with advancing age associated with the increase of the number of myointimal cells and of the amount of glycosaminoglycans and collagen and elastic fibers in the intima with individual variation. It might be considered that the cellulofibrous intimal thickening of the arteries, which was observed in normal subjects from fetal life up to adolescence and was regarded as the physiological development of the arterial wall, was actually a complex of changes resulting from mechanical injuries and related to age. Repeated proliferation of the intima formed the multilayered intimal thickening in cases over the age around ten. The so-called physiological intimal thickening also occurred in the aorta, markedly in the thoracic and abdominal aorta. The thickened intima was more vulnerable to injurious factors affecting the arterial walls than the less thickened intima. When hypertension, hyperlipemia or any kind of vascular injuries affected the arterial walls, enhancement of endothelial permeability and stagnation of the insudated blood plasma in the intima occurred more easily in the thickened intima. Particularly, the marginal areas of the thickened intima showed more increased permeability of the endothelial cells.
Predictive Value of the Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio in Peritoneal and/or Metastatic Disease at Staging Laparoscopy for Gastric and Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: T. Grenader, Y. Plotkin, B. Mohammadi, K. Dawas, M. Hashemi, M. Mughal, J.A. Bridgewater
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Relation between baseline LDH and tumor burden in advanced melanoma in two phase III trials of oblimersen-dacarbazine (OBL-DTIC) versus DTIC.
Authors: C. Lebbé, J. J. Grob, A. Y. Bedikian, C. Garbe, C. Robert, L. Itri, J. Wu, S. S. Agarwala, A. M. Eggermont
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

8557 Background: In a randomized phase III trial of DTIC ± OBL in patients (pts) with advanced melanoma (GM301; N=771; Bedikian et al, J Clin Oncol, 2006), multiple efficacy endpoints significantly favored DTIC + OBL, with a trend toward improved survival (OS; P=0.077). Baseline LDH was predictive of OS, with a highly ordered, monotonic relationship (Agarwala et al, Eur J Cancer, 2009). Survival worsened as baseline LDH increased, even if baseline LDH was within the upper limit of normal range (ULN). LDH was poorly correlated (R=0.36) with tumor burden, as assessed based on total measurable disease (TMD; RECIST) in the ITT population. A follow-up randomized phase III study of DTIC ± OBL is ongoing in pts with low-normal baseline LDH (≤ 0.8 × ULN; AGENDA trial). To further assess the relation between LDH and tumor burden, we performed a comparative analysis of data from the new AGENDA trial and the prior study. Methods: Tumor burden was determined based on TMD. A Spearman correlation coefficient (R) was calculated to determine the correlation between LDH and tumor burden. Results: In both studies, treatment regimens were the same and entry criteria were similar. Pts were chemotherapy naïve and had measurable disease; 588 pts had low-normal baseline LDH. Baseline characteristics were similar (see Table). In both studies, low-normal baseline LDH was evident in pts with visceral disease. Baseline LDH was poorly correlated with tumor burden (AGENDA, R=0.16; GM301 low-normal LDH population, R=0.10), consistent with the GM301 ITT results. Conclusions: Previously LDH was thought to reflect tumor burden in melanoma. Our new data confirm that, in pts with low-normal baseline LDH, this biomarker is poorly correlated with tumor burden. Also, low-normal LDH is not associated with specific disease sites. That LDH is strongly associated with OS in advanced melanoma, but not associated with tumor burden or disease site, suggests this biomarker has a distinct biologic significance that should be elucidated. Baseline characteristic AGENDA N = 314 GM301 low-normal LDH population N = 274 Median age (yr) 58 60 Males/females (%) 62/38 64/36 Disease site (%) Skin, soft tissue, lymph nodes 24 22 Liver 25 21 Other visceral site 51 57 Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Genta Abraxis BioScience, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genta, ImClone Systems, Novartis Genta Genta, ImClone Systems Genta Genta Genta
TCT-591 Comparison of Zotarolimus-Eluting and Everolimus-Eluting stents in patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease
Authors: Cheol Hyun Lee, Yu Na Kim, Se Hun Kang, Hee-Soon Park, Mineok Chang, Jae-Hyung Roh, Pil Hyung Lee, Sung-Han Yoon, Jung-Min Ahn, Soo-Jin Kang, Duk-Woo Park, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Viruses, Artificial Viruses and Virus‐Based Structures for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Patrick van Rijn, Romana Schirhagl
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Nanobiomaterials such as virus particles and artificial virus particles offer tremendous opportunities to develop new biomedical applications such as drug- or gene-delivery, imaging and sensing but also improve understanding of biological mechanisms. Recent advances within the field of virus-based systems give insights in how to mimic viral structures and virus assembly processes as well as understanding biodistribution, cell/tissue targeting, controlled and triggered disassembly or release and circulation times. All these factors are of high importance for virus-based functional systems. This review illustrates advances in mimicking and enhancing or controlling these aspects to a high degree toward delivery and imaging applications.
European LeukemiaNet recommendations for the management and avoidance of adverse events of treatment in chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: J L Steegmann, M Baccarani, M Breccia, L F Casado, V García-Gutiérrez, A Hochhaus, D-W Kim, T D Kim, H J Khoury, P Le Coutre, J Mayer, D Milojkovic, K Porkka, D Rea, G Rosti, S Saussele, R Hehlmann, R E Clark
Journal: Leukemia (2016)
Cytomegalovirus infection does not impact on survival or time to first treatment in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Helen Marie Parry, Sarah Damery, Christopher Hudson, Matthew J. Maurer, James R. Cerhan, Annette Pachnio, Jusnara Begum, Susan L. Slager, Christopher Fegan, Stephen Man, Christopher Pepper, Tait D. Shanafelt, Guy Pratt, Paul A. H. Moss
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2016)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widely prevalent herpes virus which establishes a state of chronic infection. The establishment of CMV-specific immunity controls viral reactivation and leads to the accumulation of very large numbers of virus-specific T cells which come to dominate the immune repertoire. There is concern that this may reduce the immune response to heterologous infections and HCMV infection has been associated with reduced survival in elderly people. Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) suffer from a state of immune suppression but have a paradoxical increase in the magnitude of the CMV-specific T cell and humoral immune response. As such, there is now considerable interest in how CMV infection impacts on the clinical outcome of patients with B-CLL. Utilizing a large prospective cohort of patients with B-CLL (n = 347) we evaluated the relationship between HCMV seropositivity and patient outcome. HCMV seropositive patients had significantly worse overall survival than HCMV negative patients in univariate analysis (HR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.34-3.88; P = 0.002). However, CMV seropositive patients were 4 years older than seronegative donors and this survival difference was lost in multivariate modeling adjusted for age and other validated prognostic markers (P = 0.34). No significant difference was found in multivariate modeling between HCMV positive and negative patients in relation to the time to first treatment (HR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.68-1.84; P = 0.65). These findings in a second independent cohort of 236 B-CLL patients were validated. In conclusion no evidence that HCMV impacts on the clinical outcome of patients with B-CLL was found. Am. J. Hematol. 91:776-781, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationship Between Temperature and Blood Supply or Consumption of Oxygen and Glucose by Rat Mammary Carcinomas
Authors: Pietro M. Gullino, Pon-Nyong Yi, Flora H. Grantham
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

The relationship between tumor temperature and blood supply or O2 and glucose utilization was studied in 2 rat mammary carcinomas (Walker 256 and MTW9A) implanted in Sprague-Dawley and WistarlFurth rats. Tumors were warmer than the tissues receiving the transplant, and tumor temperature oscillated up to 2° C during a 24-hour period. Under constant ambient conditions, tumors cooled off while the host was anesthetized, and the rate of temperature depression varied with the anesthetic. When whole-body temperature was changed, increment or reduction of temperature in subcutaneous tumors preceded that of the subcutaneous tissue but trailed that of the abdominal cavity. Cooling of tumors that initially were at physiologic temperature almost consistently reduced the blood supply and O2 and glucose utilization. On the contrary, warming of tumors increased blood supply and O22 and glucose consumption only when the tumor's initial temperature was below normal. Warming of initially normothermic tumors failed to produce any consistent change in either the blood supply or O2 and glucose consumption. A doubling or tripling of blood flow was necessary to produce a 0.3–0.4° C increase In tumor temperature, and a large variability among different tumors occurred. No appreciable change in tumor temperature was produced by severe hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia or by extensive changes in O2 content In aortic blood. Drastic alterations in circulation and blood oxygenation were necessary to modify substantially tumor temperature, and the results were neither consistent nor conspicuous.
Aboriginal Health Care and Bioethics: A Reflection on the Teaching of the Seven Grandfathers
Authors: Jaro Kotalik, Gerry Martin
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2016)

Contemporary bioethics recognizes the importance of the culture in shaping ethical issues, yet in practice, a process for ethical analysis and decision making is rarely adjusted to the culture and ethnicity of involved parties. This is of a particular concern in a health care system that is caring for a growing Aboriginal population. We raise the possibility of constructing a bioethics grounded in traditional Aboriginal knowledge. As an example of an element of traditional knowledge that contains strong ethical guidance, we present the story of the Gifts of the Seven Grandfathers. We note a resemblance of this Ojibway teaching to virtue ethics in European traditions, but we suggest that there are also important differences in how these two traditions are currently presented. We hope that further engagement with a variety of indigenous moral teachings and traditions could improve health care involving Aboriginal patients and communities, and enrich the discipline of bioethics.
Controversies in Narcissism
Authors: Joshua D. Miller, Donald R. Lynam, Courtland S. Hyatt, W. Keith Campbell
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2017)

There has been a surge in interest in and research on narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). Despite or because of this increased attention, there are several areas of substantial debate that surround the construct, including descriptions of grandiose and vulnerable dimensions or variants, questions regarding the existence of a consensual description, central versus peripheral features of narcissism, distinctions between normal and pathological narcissism, possible etiological factors, the role of self-esteem in narcissism, where narcissism should be studied, how it can be assessed, and its representation in diagnostic nosologies. We suggest that a failure to distinguish between grandiose (i.e., overtly immodest, self-centered, entitled, domineering) and vulnerable (e.g., self-centered, distrustful, neurotic, introverted) presentations of narcissism has led to a less cohesive and coherent literature and that trait-based models of personality and personality disorder can bring greater clarity to many of these important debates.
TCTAP C-176 The Chimney Technique with a Thoracic Aortic Stent Graft to Restore Blood Flow of Left Common Carotid Artery via Left Subclavian Artery for Treating Rupture of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Bo Won Kim, Han Cheol Lee, Jong Hyun Choi, Jin Sup Park, Hye Won Lee, Jun-Hyok Oh, Kwang Soo Cha, Taek Jong Hong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Study did not reliably exclude possibility of psychological damage
Authors: J B Wright, M J Gannon, M Greenberg
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Serum IgM testing is needed in all cases of suspected measles EDiTOR,-We agree with Laura Ryall and colleagues that testing for virus specific IgM, in either a saliva specimen or a serum sample, is the appropriate initial method for diagnosing measles.'The main advantage of IgM testing, given the current epidemiology of measles in England and Wales, is its high specificity.Currently measles infections are rare, and less than 1% of notified cases have been confirmed by IgM assay of saliva in the past six months.2In this context, even a test that was 99% specific would be expected to have a positive predictive value of around 50%: for every 1000 suspected cases tested there will be about 10 false positive and 10 true positive results.Since 1995, therefore, the Public Health Laboratory Service Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre has requested additional tests on all cases of labora- tory confirmed measles reported in England and Wales.The reporting doctor or laboratory has been asked to refer a serum specimen for IgM assay, either to a local laboratory or to the Public Health Laboratory Service Enteric and Respiratory Virus Laboratory.Table 1-Cases of measles reported to Comtnuni- cable Disease Surveillance Centre by method of diagnosis Serum measles IgM result Initial method of No No No (%) diagnosis reported tested positive Single high IgG in CFT 46 31 13 (42) Fourfold rise in IgG in CFT 12 8 3 (38) Salivary IgM test 38 12 8 (67) Serum IgM test* 11 8 5 (75) Total 107 59 29 (49) CFT = complement fixation test.Reports of cases that were positive on IgM testing by ELISA and were retested with an IgM antibody capture radio- immunoassay.
Association of Polymorphisms with Gastric Cancer: Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Promoter or Micro Rna Binding Site?
Authors: S. Derakhshani, S. Baradaran Ghavami, B. Damavand, P. Azimzadeh, S.R. Mohebbi, E. Nazemalhosseini Mojarad, H. Asadzadeh Aghdaieb
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
P0530 : Myrcludex-B inhibits establishment of HDV super-infection in HBV infected mice and reduces HDV viremia in stably HBV/HDV co-infected mice
Authors: T. Volz, K. Giersch, L. Allweiss, O.D. Bhadra, J. Petersen, A.W. Lohse, M. Lütgehetmann, S. Urban, M. Dandri
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Diabetes Due to Secretion of an Abnormal Insulin
Authors: Bruce D. Given, Mary E. Mako, Howard S. Tager, David Baldwin, James Markese, Arthur H. Rubenstein, Jerrold Olefsky, Masashi Kobayashi, Orville Kolterman, Russel Poucher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

A 51-year-old, nonobese man with diabetes mellitus had marked hyperinsulinemia (70 to 120 μU per milliliter; 502 to 860 pmol per liter) and fasting hyperglycemia (140 to 170 mg per 100 ml; 7.8 to 9.4 mmol per liter). Plasma proinsulin, glucagon, growth hormone, and cortisol levels were normal; insulin antibodies and insulin-receptor antibodies were not detected. The patient showed relatively normal insulin sensitivity, and insulin receptors on circulating monocytes were within the normal range. Insulin from the patient's serum bound to IM-9 lymphocytes and rat adipocytes approximately 40 per cent as well as insulin standards. Its biologic activity on rat adipocytes averaged 15 per cent of that expected from its immunologic concentration. The impaired biologic activity of this patient's circulating insulin was probably due to a structural abnormality. Subsequent studies of the patient's insulin (fortuitously obtained from his pancreas during a laparotomy for a pancreatic cyst) have confirmed this conclusion. (N Engl J Med 302:129–135, 1980)