tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Unwarranted Cancer Screening
Authors: Laura Perry Fernandez, Jillian Catalanotti, James Croffoot
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
PTH-046 Benchmarking Endoscopy Services In Iraq – Results Of A National Survey
Authors: N Hawkes, L Al-Rubaiy, B Hawkes, M Aziz
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In the UK the Global Rating Scale (GRS) has been adopted as QA tool to improve the standards of endoscopic practice and of the patient experience. Endoscopy in Iraq is provided by a number of training and regional centres but without the level of integration seen in the NHS. We sought to benchmark practice against UK quality standards by surveying the main training centres and service providers of endoscopy in Iraq. <h3>Methods</h3> A Survey Monkey questionnaire with 40 questions relating to local endoscopic practice and based on defined areas of the GRS was sent to departmental leads in all regional centres in Iraq performing GI endoscopy by the President of the Iraqi Medical Society International. 24/35 responses (69%) were received (all 12 major institutions responded). <h3>Results</h3> 67% of respondents were from University Teaching Hospitals, others worked in Regional Public or Private Hospitals. Population served ranged from 100,000 to 10 million; reflected in lists performed per week (range 3 to 20+). All Units perform diagnostic upper and lower GI endoscopy. Whilst 90% perform some ERCP, only half perform &gt;250 per year. Figures for EUS were similar (85% some EUS, 55% &gt;250 cases per year). Enteroscopy is only performed in small numbers. No agreed performance standards exist on a national level. Access to modern endoscopes, accessories and diathermy was acceptable. Survey data aligned to the patient experience, quality of procedure, workforce and training highlighted resource and training gaps: only 70% of respondents use a structured referral form with stratification of urgent cases, 54% are able to vet appropriateness of referral and 20% can effectively audit referral practice. Written information about procedures is limited and the practice of informed consent falls short of UK standards. Numbers of recovery beds and staffing levels varied widely. Patient monitoring equipment was not universally available. 47% have an ERS, 47% paper-based records and 16% no reporting system. Morbidity and mortality, sedation practice and patient experience were recorded in less than half of responding institutions. Centres with a large numbers of trainees tend to have experienced trainers but assessment tools and training goals varied across institutions. Data on workforce was inconsistent, with conflicting reports from respondents working in the same institution. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Web-based surveys provide a means of investigating and benchmarking endoscopic practice, via non-UK national societies, against the quality standards integral to the GRS. Resource and training gaps have been identified using this method and will inform a planned BSG sponsored visit to Iraq to deliver targeted training on quality assurance, safety and training for endoscopy. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Abstract 5094: Angiopoietin-2 antagonist enhances the anti-angiogenic effect of sunitinib in a preclinical renal cell carcinoma model.
Authors: Nikolett Molnar, Dietmar W. Siemann
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Angiogenesis, the formation of blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is an essential process in tumor growth and development. During angiogenesis, normal vessels consisting of endothelial and peri-endothelial cells are first destabilized via the Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2)-Tie2 axis, and then endothelial cells are activated to proliferate and form new vessels mainly through the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-VEGFR2 axis. Currently there are several anti-angiogenic therapies targeting the VEGF-VEGFR pathway used in the clinic in various cancer settings. New therapies such as Ang-2 antagonists are also being pursued and have recently been shown to be valuable especially in combination with anti-VEGF therapies. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a highly vascularized disease where anti-angiogenic therapies are used as both first and second line treatments. The present study focused on evaluating the effects of an Ang-2 antagonist in combination with the FDA approved Sunitinib, a first line treatment in RCC. An in vivo intradermal assay with VHL mutant, human renal cell carcinoma, Caki-2, cells was used to assess angiogenesis of either the Ang-2 antagonist, Sunitinib or the combination of the Ang-2 antagonist and Sunitinib. Results show a greater decrease in the number of tumor cell induced vessels in the Ang-2 and Sunitinib combination group compared to either Ang-2 antagonist or Sunitinib alone. Tumor growth was also impaired by these agents when used alone or in combination; however there was greater decrease in tumor volume in the Ang-2 and Sunitinib combination group compared to either Ang-2 antagonist or Sunitinib alone. These data show greater tumor vessel and tumor inhibition when an Ang-2 antagonist and Sunitinib are administered in combination. Citation Format: Nikolett Molnar, Dietmar W. Siemann. Angiopoietin-2 antagonist enhances the anti-angiogenic effect of sunitinib in a preclinical renal cell carcinoma model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5094. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5094
Abstract 1465: Histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid blocks epithelial-mesenchymal transition exhibited by Tera-2 embryonal carcinoma cells with a stem cell phenotype
Authors: Khoi Chu, Audrey N. Player, Ross Pickei, Fredika M. Robertson
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with tumor progression. Tumor cells that undergo EMT have altered morphology and acquire a stem cell phenotype. Although there are numerous studies that demonstrate that shRNA approaches targeting specific transcription factors can block EMT, there are few pharmacological agents yet identified that can alter the process of EMT. Recent evidence suggests that the silencing of E-cadherin during EMT is dependent upon the activity of specific histone deacetylyase enzymes, which are known to regulate gene transcription. We used Tera-2 (HTB 106) embryonal carcinoma cells grown as 3 dimensional spheroids as a model of a tumor type characterized by a cancer stem cell phenotype. We observed that the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA; vorinostat; Zolinza®, Merck), which is FDA approved for treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma, significantly inhibited expression of over 55 distinct genes associated with EMT including those regulating responses to growth factors, adhesion, motility, and genes associated with maintenance/survival of stem cells, including Alpha 5 Integrin/fibronectin receptor alpha (ITGA5), Caldesmon 1 (CALD1), Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Forkhead box C2 (MFH-1, mesenchyme forkhead 1) (FOXC2), Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3 beta), Jagged 1 (JAG1), Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), Matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), Notch 1 homolog (NOTCH1), Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFb), Snail homolog 1 (SNAI1), Snail homolog 2 (SNAI2), Transcription factor 4 (TCF4), transforming growth factorβ1 (TGFβ1), Twist homolog 1 (Twist1), Wingless-type MMTC integration site family, member 5b (WNT5b), and Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2). SAHA also altered the morphology of Tera-2 cells when cultured as adherent cells, which was associated with inhibited of both invasion, and anchorage independent growth in soft agar. In addition, SAHA inhibited the self-renewal capacity of Tera-2 tumor spheroids, which was associated with changes in expression of stem cell surface markers. Studies are ongoing to identify the HDAC enzymes that regulate expression of genes associated with the process of EMT and maintenance/survival of Tera-2 tumor spheroids that are targeted by SAHA. These studies suggest that HDAC inhibitors may be promising agents to reverse the process of EMT and may be potentially effective as inhibitors of tumor progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1465.
GW25-e5391 Lack of social support and 16 years risk of myocardial infarction and arterial hypertension in female population in Russia: WHO program MONICA-psychosocial epidemiological study
Authors: Valery Gafarov, Dmitriy Panov, Elena Gromova, Igor Gagulin, Almira Gafarova
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
PWE-154 Primary duct closure after laparoscopic bile duct exploration for choledocholithiasis is a safe and effective approach
Authors: Y Khaled, D J Malde, B J Ammori
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The common bile duct is traditionally managed with T-tube drainage after choledochotomy and removal of common bile duct (CBD) stones, but this approach carries an associated tube-related morbidity rate, including bile leak, of 10.5–20%. This study examines the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic CBD exploration (LCBDE) followed by primary duct closure. <h3>Methods</h3> This is a retrospective analysis of 94 consecutive patients (27 male) who underwent LCBDE between October 2002 and December 2011. The duct was primarily closed in all patients. The results shown represent the median (range). <h3>Results</h3> All procedures were completed laparoscopically. The maximum diameter of the CBD was 9.7 (3–30) mm, and it was dilated in 93% of patients. The number of CBD stones was 2 (0–20). The exploration was transcystic in 14 patients and trans-CBD in 80 patients. The biliary tree was clear at the end of exploration with no subsequent evidence of retained stones in 92 patients (97.8%). The operating time was 117 (22–395) min. Postoperative bile leak occurred in four patients (4.5%) who were managed successfully with re-laparoscopy and suturing of the choledochotomy (n=2), laparoscopic insertion of biliary stent (n=1) and conservatively (n=1). The overall morbidity rate was 8% and included pulmonary complications (n=3), cholangitis (n=2), myocardial infarction (n=1) and wound infection (n=1). There were no operative deaths, and the postoperative hospital stay was 1 (0–51) day. At a follow-up of 48.2 (24–82) months, 92.5% of patients (n=87) had no biliary symptoms, one patient required endoscopic extraction of a retained stone, one developed bile duct stricture that was managed successfully by endoscopic balloon dilatation, and four patients (4.5%) failed to attend the follow-up. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Primary duct closure following LCBDE is safe, and can be employed as an alternative to T-tube insertion with short hospital stay and lower morbidityrate. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Scaling and root planing vs. conservative surgery in the treatment of chronic periodontitis
Authors: David E. Deas, Alan J. Moritz, Ruben S. Sagun, Scott F. Gruwell, Charles A. Powell
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2016)

Abstract A renewed interest in conservative surgical techniques has been fueled by new technology, changes in referral patterns to periodontists and a desire to achieve periodontal health in the least invasive, most cost‐efficient manner possible. Trends suggest that an increasing amount of periodontal care is being provided in the offices of general dentists. If true, it is likely that patients receiving care in these offices will be offered simpler surgical treatment modalities that do not require an extensive armamentarium. The purpose of this article was to review the effectiveness of six relatively simple surgical techniques – gingivectomy, flap debridement, modified Widman flap, excisional new attachment procedure, modified excisional new attachment procedure and laser‐assisted new attachment procedure – and to compare the results obtained using these procedures with the well‐known clinical benefits of scaling and root planing. The intent was to determine whether the benefits of surgical procedures in the hands of most general dentists extend beyond those of conventional nonsurgical therapy.
A Unique Case of Thyroid Dysgenesis in a Neonate
Authors: Adam Bryant, Marion C. Reid, M. Elizabeth Oates
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Neonates with congenital hypothyroidism often demonstrate ectopic thyroid tissue. However, 2 sites of abnormally located thyroid tissue are exceptionally rare with only one other published case on a neonate. The authors present a unique case of a neonate who was found to have congenital hypothyroidism on laboratory screening; Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy demonstrated 2 sites of abnormal uptake: one at the base of the tongue and the other in the midline at the expected location of the thyroid bed.
Case 13-2005
Authors: Bruce R. Korf, John W. Henson, Anat Stemmer-Rachamimov
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A 48-year-old man came to the neurology clinic because of progressive weakness of his arms and legs and pain in the left leg. Enlargement of the sciatic nerve and multiple spinal nerve roots was seen on imaging studies. The patient's 29-year-old nephew had been given a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis; no other family members were known to be affected. A diagnostic procedure was performed.
IB-06 * THE ROLE OF TGF IN NK CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY IN MEDULLOBLASTOMA
Authors: G. Kannan, S. Somanchi, D. Lee
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Medulloblastoma is the most common pediatric central nervous system (CNS) malignancy, with generally favorable outcomes depending on the molecular subtype. However, recurrent/relapsed disease portends a dismal prognosis. Therefore, novel, innovative, and safe therapies are needed to treat such tumors and to minimize treatment-related morbidities. Immune cell therapy is an appealing, targeted approach for CNS tumors. Natural killer (NK) cells are CD56 + /CD3- cytotoxic lymphocytes that possess the ability to target tumor cells without prior exposure to the tumor. Previous limitations on the use of NK cells in adoptive cell therapy included obtaining sufficient cell numbers for clinical use. We developed a robust expansion platform that enables the growth of large numbers of NK cells that are effective for clinical use. We show that expanded NK cells can induce cytotoxicity of medulloblastoma. However, there is evidence that tumor derived factors could dampen NK cell cytotoxicity in a clinical setting. One mechanism by which medulloblastoma cells may evade NK cell-mediated killing is secretion of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), by the tumor itself as well as by the surrounding milieu. We show that NK cells express TGFβ receptor family members, and that NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity is diminished in the presence of soluble TGFβ. This suggests a possible role of TGFβ in immune suppression. We have identified populations of NK cells that variably express the TGFβ receptor and will overcome resistance to TGFβ-induced immunosuppression. Further studies will explore the mechanisms by which NK cells can escape immunosuppression. An understanding of how NK cells can overcome immunosuppression by medulloblastoma may lead to a pre-clinical model of NK cell cytotoxicity in medulloblastoma, as well as shed light on the use of NK cell adoptive therapy in other pediatric CNS malignancies.
Abstract 1977: Higher doses of BAMLET may be required to induce cell death in HPV16-infected cancer cells
Authors: Provaboti Barman, Katherine Marie De Azambuja, Joy A. Toyama, Kristofer Magat Chua, David Elashoff, Dorothy Wiley
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Recent experiments showed that BAMLET (Bovine Alpha lactalbumin Made LEthal to Tumor cells), biochemically equivalent to HAMLET, administered at doses shown to induce volume reduction and clearance of cutaneous wart in humans was insufficient to clear DMBA-induced skin papillomas in C57/Bl6 mice expressing HPV16 E7 transgene on a K14 promoter. Gustufsson et al., reported &amp;gt;75% subjects and 96% of warts reduced lesion volume when 0.7 mM HAMLET solution was topically administered. Thus, BAMLET's limited effect on papilloma reduction led to an in vitro dose-response experiment evaluating exponentially increasing doses of BAMLET on HPV16-infected CaSki cells, a well described cancer cell line. Five doses were selected versus normal saline controls and the cell viability was evaluated at 4, 24 and 72 hours using trypan blue exclusion assay. Methods: Caski cells were cultured in 6-well plates, 2 x 105 cells/well were initialized and allowed to grow to confluence. The initiating dose was based on published data as the exposure dose for our initial mouse studies. Exponential extrapolations of the baseline dose were evaluated: BAMLET administered at 0, 17.5µM (1.0-fold), 31.1µM (1.8-fold), 55.3µM (3.2-fold), 98.4µM (5.6-fold) and 175.0µM (10-fold) at time 0 and allowed to grow. At 4, 24, and 72 hours, cells were typsinized, pelleted, and resuspended in 1 ml PBS. A 10µL aliquot of Trypan-blue (0.4% v/v) was mixed with 10 µL of resuspended cells and incubated for 3 minutes. Duplicate specimens were evaluated under microscopy (10X) using a hemocytometer. Viable (white) and non-viable (blue) cells were counted and the average prevalence of viable cells was estimated for each dose. Results: For 0, 17.5µM, 31.1µM and 55.3µM doses, viability at 4, 24, and 72 hours were closely approximated: 74-92%, 81-91% and 67-88%, respectively. However, at 98.4µM and 175.0µM doses, a significant reduction in viability was observed in a time-dependent manner. Specifically, 95% vs. 91%, 68% vs. 0% and 6% vs. 2% viability were each observed at 4, 24 and 72 hours for these doses, respectively. Conclusions: These data suggest that the sensitivity of HPV16 infected cells to BAMLET may differ significantly from low-risk viruses that often cause cutaneous warts. While these data sheds light on the ineffectiveness of BAMLET in our ongoing animal experiment, they should be similarly considered in trials of BAMLET in humans where more pathogenic HPVs are the causal agent. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1977. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1977
P417 WILSON DISEASE ATP7B GENE MUTATIONS IN EGYPTIAN CHILDREN: REPORT OF TWO NOVEL MUTATIONS
Authors: F. El-Mougy, S. Sharaf, M. Elsharkawy, I. Mandour, R. Elessawy, A. Eldin, H. Helmy, D. Soliman, L. Hussein, H. Sharafeldin, E. Adel, H. El-Karaksy
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Abstract 1315: An <i>in vivo</i> platform for drug screening in colorectal cancer
Authors: Yong Beom Cho, Hye Kyung Hong, Sun Ae Seo, Yoon-La Choi, Juyoun Jin, Do-Hyun Nam, YoungHyeh Ko, Hee Cheol Kim, Seong Hyeon Yun, Ho-Kyung Chun, Woo Yong Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract We aimed at generating a clinically meaningful in vivo platform for preclinical drug screening in colorectal cancer. Surgical specimens were collected from 143 patients, and 97 carcinomas were engrafted in immunodeficient mouse (tumor take rate 67%). To develop in vivo platform suitable for drug screening, 39 of xenografted carcinomas were selected and expanded satisfactorily in mice with a mean time to reach a size of 1000-1500 mm3 of 90 ± 20 days. In order to validate the similarity of molecular characters between the patient tumor and carcinomas obtained from xenografts, we conducted the mutation status, an expression array, arrayCGH, and other molecular profiling in colon cancer to look at the molecular progression and transition along with primary tumor, metastatic tumor and xenograft model. Histological analysis and the molecular profiles of tumors revealed a high degree of similarity between the patient tumor and xenografted carcinomas. The xenografted tumors maintain their genotypic features of original tumors, suggest that the in vivo platform can be useful for the personalized drug development in colorectal cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1315. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1315
O118 A MUTATION IN THE HEPATITIS E VIRUS POLYMERASE ASSOCIATED WITH RIBAVIRIN TREATMENT FAILURE HAS A REPLICATION ADVANTAGE IN VITRO
Authors: Y. Debing, A. Gisa, P.V. Suneetha, B. Bremer, K.H. Dallmeier, M. Manns, S. Pischke, J. Neyts, H. Wedemeyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Risques et limites du traitement endoscopique des gros polypes colorectaux: expérience algéroise
Authors: A Salah, L Malaoui, Y Zmiri, H Saoula, A Boutaleb, M Aissaoui, H Mahiou, D Hamidouche, W Tamouza, F Chemandji, M Nakmouche, F Hamchaoui, N Bekkar, M Issiakhem, N Djenane, R Baba Ahmed
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Introduction: Les gros polypes colorectaux posent un problème non pas technique de résécabilité, mais plutôt celui du rapport bénéfice/risque du traitement endoscopique. Le but de notre étude était d'évaluer les risques et les limites de la résection endoscopique de gros polypes (≥20mm) par rapport à celle de petits polypes (10mm -20mm).
Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma of a Rib
Authors: Xue Li, Zhaowei Meng, Dong Li, Jian Tan, Xinghua Song
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Rib benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH) is an uncommon entity. We came across a 20-year-old Chinese man who complained of right chest pain for 2 weeks. All laboratory examination results were normal. CT of the thorax revealed an expansible bone lesion in the right sixth anterior rib. Whole-body bone scan demonstrated intense tracer uptake in the lesion without other abnormalities. The patient underwent en bloc resection. Pathological diagnosis confirmed the diagnosis of rib BFH. This report underlines that when whole-body bone scan displays solitary uptake of a rib lesion, rib BFH should be considered in the differential diagnosis.