tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-222 Management of radiation induced proctopathy- an objective assessment of treatment outcome-series review
Authors: AM Almoudaris, WP Allingham, DJ Kearns, NJH Sturt
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Management of radiation prctopothy remains challenging. We aim to objectively assess the outcome of a protocolised treatment pathway in radiation induced proctopathy <h3>Method</h3> A prospectively maintained database of patients that were referred to our service identified patients referred following prostate cancer treatment. Through a combination of record review, telephone and in-person consultations, assessment of outcome were ascertained. The Radiation Proctitis Symptom Score (RPSS) and Late Radiation Morbidity Scores (LRMS) as well as documentation of anaemia, hospitalisations and blood transfusion requirements were analysed. A standardised treatment protocol is implemented in our unit using a step-wise treatment including laxatives, Normacol, Sucralfate, Formalin and Hyperbaric Oxygen therapies. <h3>Results</h3> 29 consecutive patients treated for prostate cancer were included. 2/29 (7%) had brachytherapy, 24/29 (83%) had radical and 3/24 (10%) combination radiotherapy. Pre-treatment LRMS demonstrated 2/29 (7%) patients in grade 1, 18/29 (62%) in grade 2 and 9/29 (31%) patients in grade 3 (grade 1 = minor discharge, grade 3 = bleeding requiring hospitalisation). Pre-treatment RPSS was 4 (range 1–11) and post treatment was 1 (range 0–5) p = 0.014. Greatest improvements were demonstrated in the rectal bleeding (68 vs. 13) and general wellbeing (9 vs. 0) sub-sections of the RPSS, p = 0.017 and p = 0.024 respectively (where lower scores represent fewer/lack of symptoms) when considering total scores for the whole cohort pre and post treatment. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A standardised treatment protocol can objectively improve patient outcome following radiation induced proctopathy. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Effects of a Filtrable, Self-Propagating Contaminant on a Transplantable Acute Lymphoid Leukemia in Mice
Authors: L. W. Law, Thelma B. Dunn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1951)

Journal Article Effects of a Filtrable, Self-Propagating Contaminant on a Transplantable Acute Lymphoid Leukemia in Mice Get access L. W. Law, L. W. Law Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thelma B. Dunn Thelma B. Dunn National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 11, Issue 5, April 1951, Pages 1037–1055, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/11.5.1037 Published: 01 April 1951 Article history Received: 12 February 1951 Published: 01 April 1951
Utilization and coverage of mental health services in health maintenance organizations
Authors: J Brady, J Krizay
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) generally have very limited coverage of mental health care and have been charged with shortchanging chronic patients in the interests of economy. The authors analyzed 1979-1980 coverage and utilization data from 53 federally qualified HMOs. They found that while coverage is limited and very similar across the spectrum of HMOs, utilization rates vary greatly and do not correlate with extent of coverage. They suggest that management decisions may be critical in determining access to and use of mental health benefits in HMOs.
원저 / B형 간염 바이러스 감염과 연관된 비대상성 간경변증 환자에서 라미부딘 치료에 의한 Child-Pugh 점수의 호전
Authors: 최문석(Moon Suk Choi), 백승운(Seung Woon Baek), 박상종(Sang Jong Park), 이준혁(Joon Hyuk Lee), 고광철(Gwang Chul Ko), 이풍렬(Poong Ryul Lee), 김재준(Jae Joon Kim), 이종철(Jong Chul Lee), 최규완(Gyu Wan Choi)
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2000)

Background/Aims: Lamivudine is an oral nucleoside analogue with potent antiviral activity against HBV inducing normalization of ALT and improvement of necro-inflammation and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. But its role in decompensated cirrhosis has not been established. The Child-Pugh score is a reliable and convenient prognostic indicator reflecting liver synthetic function. We evaluated the incidence of any improvement in Child-Pugh score after lamivudine treatment in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Methods: Twenty-six patients with HBV associated active decompensated cirrhosis showing detectable serum HBV received lamivudine (100 or 150 mg/day) for 6-45 months (median 16). The Child-Pugh score at 6th month of lamivudine treatment was compared with base line score. Results: The Child-Pugh score improved ( 2-point reduction) in 17 (65.4%) patients, was constant in 8 (30.8%), and aggravated ( 2-point increase) in one (3.8%) of 26 patients. HBV DNA was initially cleared in 24 cases (92.3%) but breakthrough developed in 7 (29.2%). HBeAg was lost in 5 (25%) of 20 cases. Initial improvement was maintained in 14 (82.4%) of 17 cases but aggravated with breakthrough in 3 (17.6%). Two of 5 patients waiting for liver transplantation showed marked improvement and were removed from the list. Conclusion: Lamivudine can be an effective treatment for patients with decompensated cirrhosis due to HBV infection, improving the Child-Pugh score in many cases. However, deterioration of liver function associated with DNA breakthrough was an important problem in patients showing initial improvement.
TI-201 SPECT compared with histopathologic grade in the prognostic assessment of cerebral gliomas.
Authors: T Higa, S Maetani, K Yoichiro, S Nabeshima
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Purpose Although Tl-201 SPECT has been used to evaluate the malignant grade of cerebral gliomas, the gold standard continues to be histopathologic examination. The authors assessed and compared the prognostic abilities of the two studies using survival analysis. Materials and Methods Twenty-nine patients underwent 34 sessions of Tl-201 SPECT plus surgery for primary or recurrent cerebral gliomas 12 to 78 months before this analysis. Using conventional survival analyses, such as the log-rank test, Cox regression, and the Akaike cross-tab method, the authors evaluated the prognostic significance of 10 variables: histopathologic grade, Tl-201 SPECT, Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT, tumor cell viability, radionecrosis, neurologic defects, clinical improvement, surgery, chemotherapy, and external beam radiotherapy. Results Tl-201 SPECT was most strongly related to prognosis, followed by histopathologic grade. The other variables had little prognostic value. The Cox stepwise selection procedure indicated that Tl-201 SPECT was the only independent predictor of outcome, whereas histopathologic analysis was eliminated from the prognostic model. However, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve and the Akaike method indicated that histopathologically low-grade tumors were more closely associated with longer-term survival than were Tl-201 low uptake tumors. Conclusions Tl-201 SPECT is not only closely correlated with the histopathologic grade of tumor but is a significantly better predictor of outcome than histopathologic grade. However, histopathologic examination may provide additional information on longer-term survival. Tl-201 SPECT is a valuable procedure, especially in patients in whom a histologic diagnosis of possible glioma cannot be made.
Impact of the Gulf War on the anxiety, cortisol, and growth hormone levels of Israeli civilians
Authors: R Weizman, N Laor, Y Barber, A Selman, A Schujovizky, L Wolmer, Z Laron, I Gil-Ad
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

The authors investigated the impact of continuous and repeated stress on Israeli civilians exposed to missile attacks during the Gulf War.Study 1 included 26 healthy volunteers aged 28-59 years. Their scores on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and levels of plasma cortisol and growth hormone (GH) were evaluated before, during, and after the war. Study 2 included 13 healthy volunteers aged 25-59 years. Their scores on the state portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and levels of cortisol and GH were measured three times daily (8:00 a.m., noon, and 6:00 p.m.) at two time points (during and after the war).Anxiety levels of civilians exposed to the threat of war and later to actual missile attacks were significantly higher before and during the war than afterward. Anxiety during the war reached a peak in the evening. The increase in anxiety was not accompanied by any change from basal morning cortisol and GH levels or by diurnal variations in these hormones.Anxiety levels during the war were similar to those 1 day before its onset, which can be explained by the nature of coping processes. During the war, anxiety levels were highest in the evening, reflecting the war routine (missile attacks occurred mostly at night). The unaltered hormone levels and their normal diurnal variations despite the subjects' persistent anxiety were probably due to adaptation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-somatotropin axes to continuous stress.
Pertussis
Authors: Ryszard M. Pluta
Journal: JAMA (2010)

PertussisP ertussis (also called whooping cough) is a highly contagious but preventable bacterial infection of the trachea (windpipe) and the bronchi (the air ducts to the lungs).It is caused by a bacterium called Bordetella pertussis.Pertussis usually affects young children who are not vaccinated.However, for the last 30 years it has been increasing among adults all over the world.The reason for this increase is decreasing immunity (protection from disease) after vaccination in childhood.The August 25, 2010, issue of JAMA includes an article about difficulties in diagnosing pertussis among adolescents and adults.
PTU-122 Do the follow-up rates of positive hepatitis c screens vary depending on the source of the test?
Authors: W On, S Dale, T Maheswaran, M Karmo
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The hepatitis C (HCV) treatment pathway usually begins with a HCV screen. In our hospital, a positive HCV screen is determined by an enzyme immunoassay that detects anti-HCV antibodies. If a patient is not known to have HCV, a further blood sample is required for quantifying HCV viral load and genotyping by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A proportion of positive HCV screens are not followed up upon and it is the responsibility of the requesting clinician to arrange appropriate follow-up. We aimed to determine whether the follow-up rates of positive HCV screens vary depending on the source of the test. <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective, single-centre evaluation over a 10 year period from January 2004 to September 2014 was carried out. Only patients with an address within the hospital’s catchment area and over the age of 18 at the time of testing were included. The sources of the positive HCV screens were obtained from our hospital’s laboratory database and divided into five groups: Inpatients (IP), outpatients excluding gastroenterology departments (OP), general practice (GP), maternity unit (MA) and community drug team (CM). We analysed whether these patients had follow-up PCR testing and whether they were referred to a gastroenterology clinic. <h3>Results</h3> 348 patients with positive anti-HCV antibodies were identified. 227 patients (65.2%) had follow-up PCR testing done. The rates of subsequent PCR testing after a positive HCV screen were: CM (83.3%), GP (72.7%), OP (71.4%), MA (57.7%) and IP (46.1%) with significant differences between the groups (p &lt; 0.001, ANOVA). 250 patients (71.8%) were referred to a gastroenterology clinic but 39 patients (11.2%) did not attend (DNA) their first appointment. The referral rates were: CM (84.9%), GP (78.8%), OP (74.3%), IP (58.9%) and MA (57.7%); (p &lt; 0.001, ANOVA). PCR and referral outcomes are presented in the Table 1. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The follow-up rates of positive HCV screens vary depending on the source of the test. We postulate that the frequency of interactions between patients and healthcare professionals is a key factor in ensuring follow-ups. Better follow-up of HCV screening is needed in order to achieve better clinical outcomes for HCV. This is particularly important as more efficacious and tolerable drugs are becoming increasingly available. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Lack of relapse with tryptophan depletion following successful treatment with ECT
Authors: F Cassidy, E Murry, R D Weiner, B J Carroll
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

Although the antidepressant mechanism of ECT is unknown, there are considerable data to support serotonergic involvement. The effects of tryptophan depletion were studied in patients with major depression treated successfully with ECT.Five patients who had been successfully treated with ECT for major depression were studied in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design comparing tryptophan depletion to a placebo procedure.No effect of tryptophan depletion on mood symptoms was observed despite more than an 85% decrease in total serum tryptophan.These data suggest that presynaptic serotonin availability may not be necessary for the acute maintenance of an antidepressant response to ECT.
Molecular Diagnosis
Authors: Bruce Korf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Molecular tools have sparked a revolution in the diagnosis of genetic disorders. In the past, genetic diagnosis was based exclusively on clinical criteria or on biochemical tests for the gene product or the consequences of its absence. Clinical criteria can be ambiguous, however, and sometimes features of an inherited disorder take years to develop, resulting in long periods of uncertainty about the diagnosis. Biochemical tests can produce equivocal results and often require invasive or expensive studies. Moreover, clinical criteria and biochemical tests have severe limitations when used to identify carriers or make a prenatal diagnosis.Molecular methods largely avoid these . . .
Update of a phase 1 study of intravenous CCI-779 given in combination with interferon-α to patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma
Authors: J. W. Smith, Y.-J. Ko, J. Dutcher, G. Hudes, B. Escudier, R. Motzer, S. Négrier, B. Duclos, L. Galand, L. Strauss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

4513 Background: CCI-779 is an mTOR kinase inhibitor with activity in renal cell carcinoma (RCC, Atkins et al. J Clin Oncol, in press). A preliminary report of this phase 1/2 study of CCI-779 and interferon-α (IFN) in patients (pts) with advanced RCC described the safety and antitumor effects of the combination (Dutcher et al. Proc ASCO 22:213, 2003). We update these results. Methods: In an open-label, escalating-dose, single-arm study, CCI-779 was given intravenously once weekly, with IFN given subcutaneously 3 times weekly. The starting dose levels were 6 million units (MU) IFN, 5 mg CCI-779. Dose escalation was based on safety evaluation of pts (≥ 6/cohort) after 4 wks of treatment. Up to 40 pts will be evaluated at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Results: As of 01 Dec 2003, 71 pts with advanced RCC were enrolled; 27 continue treatment. Pts (73% men, 27% women) had ECOG performance status of 0: 53% and 1: 46% and median age of 59 yrs (range, 35–80); 45% had prior IL-2 treatment. In dose escalation, pts received 6 MU IFN with CCI-779 at 5 mg (7 pts), 10 mg (6), 15 mg (6), 20 mg (6), or 25 mg (7); 6 pts also received 9 MU IFN with 15 mg CCI-779. Based on dose-limiting toxicities, 15 mg CCI-779, 6 MU IFN was selected as the MTD. To date, 33 additional pts have been accrued at the MTD. Grade 3–4 CCI-779-related adverse events with overall frequency ≥ 5% (n=53) were leukopenia (25%), hyperlipidemia (15%), asthenia (13%), AST increase (8%), mucositis (6%), anemia (6%), thrombocytopenia (6%), and rash (6%). Four pts were removed from study due to CCI-779-related toxicity. Approximately 50% of MTD pts have required CCI-779 dose reductions in subsequent cycles. Median time on treatment for all cohorts was 7 mo, 36 have continued for ≥ 6 mo of whom 9 have continued for > 12 mo. Preliminary tumor responses (RECIST) in 55 pts were confirmed partial response, 7 pts (13%); stable disease, 39 (71%, 19 pts ≥ 6 mo); and progressive disease, 9 (16%). Conclusions: CCI-779 and IFN showed favorable results for safety and efficacy. A phase 3 trial has been initiated that compares this combination of CCI-779 and IFN with each agent alone as first-line therapy in poor-risk pts with metastatic RCC. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Wyeth Research Wyeth Parmaceuticals
Usefulness of DSM-III axis III in psychiatric inpatients: an actuarial comparison with the DSM-II period
Authors: I M Salloum, J E Mezzich, J E Saavedra, L Kirisci
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

This study is a retrospective evaluation of the usefulness of DSM-III axis III (physical disorders) and its ability to enhance clinical case description in general psychiatric patients. The subjects of this study consisted of two samples of 75 inpatients; each was randomly selected and age-matched to represent DSM-II (1975-1979) and DSM-III (1981-1985) periods, respectively. The results indicated a substantial and statistically significant difference in the frequency of physical disorders recorded at intake before (9.3%) and after (46.7%) the implementation of DSM-III. DSM-III axis III may significantly enhance the recording of physical disorders in psychiatric inpatients.
Stretchable Silver Nanowire Microelectrodes for Combined Mechanical and Electrical Stimulation of Cells
Authors: Vahid Hosseini, Silvan Gantenbein, Ima Avalos Vizcarra, Ingmar Schoen, Viola Vogel
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

The use of stretchable electrodes interfaced with the human body has enabled a new frontier in biomedical engineering, and the miniaturization of such electrodes can allow for a more precise spatial control to monitor or stimulate tissues. The understanding of the response of cells or tissues to combined electromechanical stimulation, as made possible by stretchable electrodes, is essential to improve medical devices and therapies. Cheap to produce and easy to use platforms for in vitro cell studies are thus urgently needed. This study reports the successful implementation of silver nanowires (AgNWs) into an integrated miniaturized electromechanical stimulator, which is compatible with cell culture. The innovative steps include a lithography‐based lift‐off method to micropattern AgNWs onto an elastic silicone membrane. These stretchable microelectrodes are then integrated into a microfluidic device for cell culture, which enables the synchronous electromechanical stimulation of cells. In a proof‐of‐concept study, it is furthermore shown that fibroblasts respond uniquely to mechanical stretching, electrical stimulation, and combined electromechanical stimulations in terms of cell alignment and morphology, as well as by producing the extracellular matrix protein collagen. This proof‐of‐concept study illustrates the functionality and usability of these stretchable AgNWs microelectrodes for either basic research or future biomedical applications.
DURATION OF PREGNANCY AND POSTMATURITY
Authors: H L STEWART
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Whatever happened to intensive psychotherapy?
Authors: K Z Altshuler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

Of 163 residency programs responding to a survey about training requirements in long-term psychotherapy, more than 100 did not require that any patients be seen more than once a week. Among 41 psychotherapy protocols representing outcome-related research that were reported at an annual meeting of the Society for Psychotherapy Research, the studies employing more than once-a-week treatment for 6 or more months were rare. Intensive psychotherapy is clearly on the wane in training programs and in psychotherapy research paradigms.
Rational treatment for an irrational disorder: what does the schizophrenic patient need?
Authors: P R May
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

The author discusses the results of a review of controlled studies of treatment approaches to schizophrenia. Although the research evidence strongly supports the efficacy of pharmacotherapy, this finding should not be interpreted as meaning that all schizophrenic patients should receive antipsychotic drugs or that other forms of treatment are unnecessary. The author cautions against doctrinaire attitudes and advocates thoughtful adjustment of goals and methods to meet the needs of the various parties and situations involved in the treatment of the schizophrenic patient.
Dining With Wilkey
Authors: Scott A Allen
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal