tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An investigation of calendar calculating by an idiot savant
Authors: A L Hill
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

Three mechanisms (eidetic imagery, high-speed calculation, and substitute compensation for normal learning) were investigated and rejected as possible explanations for the calendar-calculating ability of a particular idiot savant. Reaction times for calendar calculations indicated that he used neither an idiosyncratic nor a calendar-based system. Rote memory and a special ability to concentrate for extended periods of time were postulated to explain this individual's performance.
Toward integration of palliative care into cancer care: A study on profile of psychosocial and clinical complications among attendees of a Nigerian oncological center.
Authors: Andrew Toyin Olagunju, Olatunji Francis Aina, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi Olagunju, Foluke Oladele Sarimiye
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e20675 Background: The integration of palliative care into cancer management is abysmal in this context and paucity of empirical evidence constitutes constraint for policy formulation and their translation into cancer care. This study assessed psychosocial and clinical complications among Nigerian cancer subjects. We postulated the interplay of psychosocial and clinical factors would constitute evidence for palliative care. Methods: This is an observational study among 200 adult participants with histological diagnosis of cancer recruited using systematic random sampling. Eligible participants were interviewed by the researchers using socio-demographic/clinical profile questionnaire, Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Revised (CES-DR) and Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN). Data analyses were done using SPSS-15. Results: The commonest type of malignancy was breast cancer (51.0%); cervical cancer 29.5%, colorectal and prostatic cancers were 10.5% and 9.0% respectively. Slightly less than half (49.0%) of subjects had advanced cancer. Most subjects (36.5%) had symptoms for over a year at presentation. Two-thirds (66.0%) had pain, 52% had weight loss and 20.0% had external ulcer. Ninety-eight (49.0%) subjects had depressive symptomatology (CES-DR score ≥16), while prevalence of depression based on SCAN was 27.5%. Depression was significantly associated with higher educational status (p=0.003), unemployment (p=Ÿ0.004), unmarried status (p=0.004), advanced cancer stage (p=0.006), longer duration of cancer (p=0.048), pain (p&lt;0.001), physical complications (p&lt;0.001). However, unmarried status, unemployment, pain and duration of cancer still correlated with depression following logistic regression. Conclusions: In this study, preponderance of physical, psychosocial complications, advanced stage illness and high symptoms burden suggest that integration of palliative care into cancer management should be the rule rather than exception. Lastly, further research on palliative care with translation of resulting research based evidence into cancer care is implied.
Audiometry
Authors: Erin Brender
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Audiometry Audiometry is a technique used by an audiologist (a professional in nonmedical diagnosis and management of hearing and balance disorders) or an otolaryngologist (a physician who specializes in the ear, nose, and throat) to measure hearing.Audiometry is performed when hearing loss is suspected.Many health organizations recommend screening newborns for hearing loss, ideally before they leave the hospital, although the type of testing differs from adults.Pediatric screening should continue for school-aged children up to adolescence.The January 25, 2006, issue of JAMA includes an article about screening for hearing loss in the elderly.
Costs were overestimated
Authors: T M Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--J Fletcher and colleagues' paper on using decision analysis to evaluate screening for Down's syndrome is valuable, but several extra factors need to be considered.1 The authors state that screening causes anxiety but fail to mention the reassurance that it gives to many women. In addition, they based their study on use of the triple test despite the considerable body of evidence showing that a double test is as effective.2 3 Indeed, the national external quality assurance scheme's reports on Down's …
SP0136 What is New Axial and Peripheral Spondyloarthritis in 2015?
Authors: X. Baraliakos
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

The group of Spondyloarthritides (SpA) comprises of two subgroup of patients who are very similar in their clinical presentation but differ <i>mainly</i> in one parameter, the structural changes in the sacroiliac joints (SIJ). Patients with more advance structural changes can be categorized in the subgroup of so-called established ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or "radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA)", while those who present with no structural but only inflammatory SIJ changes on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or have a positive HLA-B27 and more than one other SpA feature are recognized as non-radiographic axSpA (nr-axSpA). Treatment algorithms can be applied in a similar way in both axSpA subgroups, starting with conventional anti-inflammatory compounds such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and going over to tumor-necrosis-factor alpha (TNFa) blockers compounds in those patients who fail NSAID treatment. Despite the well-documented very good clinical efficacy of those compounds, several questions remain open and some of them have been answered in recent clinical studies during the last year. A topic of interest in the field of axSpA has been the efficacy and safety of biologic treatment beyond TNFa-blockers, such as antagonists the inflammatory pathway at the intracellular level through the blockade of Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE-4) or at the extracellular level through the blockade of interleukin (IL) 12/23, IL-17 or others. From the perspective of treatment of the disease, also the role of biosimilars has been a topic of intensive and intense discussions. On the other hand, research has also focused on the long-term effects of anti-inflammatory treatment, not only with respect to the (sustained?) decrease of disease activity but also on the effect on the function and mobility of the patients. Whether these are not only linked directly to pain and activity parameters but also on environmental and occupational factors has been a matter of debate very recently and will also be the topic of abstract at this year9s annual meeting. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> X. Baraliakos Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene, Centocor, Chugai, Janssen, MSD,Novatis, Pfizer, Sandoz, UCB., Consultant for: AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene, Centocor, Chugai, Janssen, MSD,Novatis, Pfizer, Sandoz, UCB.
Effects of physostigmine on pulse, blood pressure, and serum epinephrine levels
Authors: D S Janowsky, S C Risch, L Y Huey, B Kennedy, M Ziegler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

In this study, the infusion of physostigmine in 14 patients with affective disorder who were pretreated with methscopolamine caused significant and often profound increases in the patients' epinephrine levels, pulse rates, and blood pressure. Since physostigmine is being used experimentally in the treatment of elderly subjects who have Alzheimer's disease, these cardiovascular effects may have clinical importance.
Estrogen-Induced Tumors of the Kidney. II. Effect of Dose, Administration, Type of Estrogen, and Age on the Induction of Renal Tumors in Intact Male Golden Hamsters&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Kirkman, Hadley, Bacon, R. L.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1952)

Journal Article Estrogen-Induced Tumors of the Kidney. II. Effect of Dose, Administration, Type of Estrogen, and Age on the Induction of Renal Tumors in Intact Male Golden Hamsters Get access Hadley Kirkman, Hadley Kirkman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. L. Bacon R. L. Bacon Department of Anatomy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 13, Issue 3, December 1952, Pages 757–771, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/13.3.757 Published: 01 December 1952 Article history Received: 08 September 1952 Published: 01 December 1952
Discharged state hospital patients' characteristics and use of aftercare: effect on community tenure
Authors: P Solomon, J Davis, B Gordon
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

A study of a publicly funded mental health system determined that the use of aftercare services by discharged patients had the effect of extending community tenure. Patients' clinical characteristics, particularly number of previous hospitalizations, had only minimal effect and patients' demographic characteristics had essentially no impact on community tenure. Increasing the variety and intensity of rehabilitation-oriented types of service rather than increasing the frequency of supportive contacts through individual therapy and case management appears to hold the greatest promise for extending community tenure.
Computer content analysis of schizophrenic speech: a preliminary report
Authors: G J Tucker, S D Rosenberg
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

Computer analysis significantly differtiated the thermatic content of the free speech of 10 schizophrenic patients from that of 10 nonschizophrenic patients and from the content of transcripts of dream material from 10 normal subjects. Schizophrenic patients used the thematic categories in factor 1 (the "schizophrenic factor") 3 times more frequently than the nonschizophrenics and 10 times more frequently than the normal subjects (p smaller than 01). In general, the language content of the schizophrenic patient mirrored an almost agitated attempt to locate oneself in time and space and to defend against internal discomfort and confusion. The authors discuss the implications of this study for future research.
THU0248 A Preliminary Report of Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcus (PANDAS) Related Maternal Autoimmunity
Authors: D. Arslan Tas, G. Gul Celik, B. Kelle, A. Tahiroglu, H. Sakalli
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> A subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and tic disorders called as Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcus (PANDAS) is believed to be secondary to central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity that occurs in relation to group A streptococcal infection. It is well-known that strepctococcal infections show familial tendency. Similarly, familial aggregation of OCD and tic disorders has been described in acute rheumatic fever and PANDAS. Also streptococal infections are frequently recognised to be the etiological factor in many autoimmune diseases. There may be similar involvement of immunological and genetic mechanisms in the PANDAS patients and their parents. <h3>Objectives</h3> We would like to investigate the maternal frequency of autoimmune disorders in PANDAS. <h3>Methods</h3> We evaluated 28 mothers of children formerly diagnosed as PANDAS an in the follow-up of Child and Adolescent Physchiatry Outpatient Clinic. History taking, physical examination, Anti-streptolysine O (ASO), antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, pelvic X-ray and routine blood tests were performed. <h3>Results</h3> Twelve of 28 mothers considered to have inflammatory back pain and sacroiliitis (radiographically). Fourteen mothers revealed high ASO levels (7 of them had sacroiliitis; which suggests poststreptococcic reactive arthritis). Six of them were diagnosed to have thyroid diseases and 8 of them were tested to have positive antinuclear antibody. <h3>Conclusions</h3> PANDAS, a very rare childhood disorder, was hypothezed to have increased tendency of familial autoimmunity. This preliminary report may suggest the need for a more detailed family based genetic association research of these children for autoimmune diseases. <h3>References</h3> Martino D, Defazio G, Giovannoni G. The PANDAS subgroup of tic disorders and childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Psychosom Res 2009;67(6):547-57. Murphy TK, Storch EA, Turner A, Reid JM, Tan J, Lewin AB. Maternal history of autoimmune disease in children presenting with tics and/or obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Neuroimmunol 2010;229(1-2):243-7. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
18F-FDG PET/CT of Liver Lymphoepithelioma-like Carcinoma
Authors: Sin-Di Lee, Yu-Li Chiu, Chia-Shan Wu, Nan-Jing Peng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 48-year-old woman, chronic hepatitis B virus carrier, was presented with a 3.2-cm hepatic tumor accidentally noted 1 month ago by regular sonography. Serum α-fetoprotein level was within reference range, and tumor biopsy showed lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma. She was referred for F-FDG PET/CT for whole-body survey. FDG PET/CT revealed a 3.2-cm FDG PET/CT in S5 to S6 of the liver, as well as lymphadenopathy in the left supraclavicular fossa and between the inferior venous cava and the common bile duct. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma in the liver is extremely rare, and the expression of FDG uptake has never been discussed.
Immunosuppressive Agents
Authors: Stephen R. Kaplan, Paul Calabresi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

THE administration of drugs for the purpose of altering immune responses in diseases that are associated with or suspected of involvement of pathogenic immunologic reactions is one of the most controversial subjects in clinical pharmacology today. This situation arises from two fundamental problems. The first is that, with the exception of the unique situation related to organ transplantation, the origin of these disorders and the precise pathologic role of immune phenomena remain obscure. In clinical entities associated with measurable immunologic indexes such as hypergammaglobulinemia or rheumatoid-factor titers, there is no definite correlation between changes in these measurements and clinical responsiveness . . .
Case 45-1976
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Robert H. Ackerman, Edward P. Richardson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 58-year-old left-handed accountant was admitted to the hospital because of right-sided weakness.He was well until four months previously, when his gait became unsteady, with a tendency to fall to the right. One month before admission weakness developed in the right arm and leg, associated with thickness of speech and gagging or sputtering when he swallowed liquids. He had smoked two packages of cigarettes daily for 30 years. There was no history of headaches or problems with vision, hearing, taste or smell.The temperature was 36.8°C, the pulse 72, and the respirations 16. . . .
Inherited Biallelic Loss-Of-Function Mutations In CSF3R Define a Novel Type Of Severe Congenital Neutropenia With Full Myeloid Cell Maturation and Refractoriness To RhG-CSF
Authors: Alexa Triot, Päivi M Järvinen, Juan I. Arostegui, Tomas Racek, Jacek Puchalka, Jose Luis Dapena Díaz, Naschla Kohistani, E. Michael Gertz, Alejandro A. Schäffer, Cristina Díaz de Heredia Rubio, Mehmet A. Ozdemir, Turkan Patiroglu, Musa Karakukcu, José Sanchez de Toledo Codina, Jordi Yagüe, Ekrem Unal, Christoph Klein
Journal: Blood (2013)
A randomized phase II study of biweekly irinotecan versus irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination as a salvage chemotherapy in previously treated patients with advanced/metastatic gastric cancer.
Authors: S. Sym, Y. Park, S. Park, J. Park, E. Cho, W. Lee, M. Chung, D. Shin, J. Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e14511 Background: To compare the efficacy and toxicity of adding 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin to irinotecan in advanced/metastatic gastric cancer as a salvage chemotherapy. Methods: Eligible patients (pts) had performance status 0 to 2, measurable unresectable and/or metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma, and adequate organ function. Irinotecan (150 mg/m2) was given on day 1 in irinotecan monotherapy group (arm A), and irinotecan (150 mg/m2) was given with leucovorin (20 mg/m2) on day 1 followed by 5-FU (2,000 mg/m2 continuous infusion over 48 hours) in irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination group (arm B). The cycle was repeated every 2 weeks. Response was assessed every 3 cycles. Results: Between March 2007 and December 2009, 59 eligible pts entered, 29 pts in arm A, 30 pts in arm B, respectively. In arm A, 24 pts were evaluable for response and 29 pts for toxicity. In Arm B, 25 pts were evaluable for response and 30 pts for toxicity. Median age was 61 years and disease status was comparable for both arms. The confirmed objective response was 17.2% in arm A (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.4-30.9%) and 21.4% in arm B (95% CI 6.2-36.5%). No significant difference was noted between the arms both for ORR (p = 0.747) and for disease control (48.3% vs. 60.7%, respectively, p=0.429). Median progression free survival time was 2.2 months (95% CI 0.2-4.3 months) and 3.1 months (95% CI 2.0-4.2 months) (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.45-1.4; p = 0.790), median overall survival was 5.7 months (95% CI 3.3-8.1 months) and 7.5 months (95% CI 6.1-8.9 months) (HR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.52-1.9; p = 0.966) in arm A and B, respectively. There was no relevant difference in the occurrence of overall grade and 3/4 toxicity between the two arms. Neutropenia was the most common grade 3/4 toxicity (32.0% vs. 52.2%, respectively p = 0.157). There was one death due to thromboembolic event in arm A. Conclusions: The results showed that both treatment arms have similar clinical efficacy as salvage treatment in advanced/metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma. Each regimen has a manageable tolerability profile. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Malaria
Authors: Sharon Parmet
Journal: JAMA (2005)

MalariaM alaria is a potentially deadly disease caused by infection with the microscopic parasite Plasmodium.Plasmodium is transmitted to humans through bites from Anopheles mosquitoes infected with the parasite.According to the World Health Organization, malaria is present in more than 100 countries-mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia.Each year there are roughly 300 million cases of malaria, and more than 1 million people die of the disease.Children and pregnant women are especially at risk for malaria.The March 23/30, 2005, issue of JAMA includes an article about malaria.This Patient Page is adapted from one originally published in the June 2, 2004, issue.
Abstract 165: The Transcriptional Cofactor Eyes Absent 4 Is A Critical Regulator In Cardiac Physiology
Authors: Tatjana Williams, Moritz Hundertmark, Peter Nordbeck, Sabine Voll, Ines Elsner, Jost Schoenberger, Oliver Ritter
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Introduction: Eyes absent 4 (Eya4) is a transcription cofactor involved in a number of cellular and developmental processes. We have previously shown that a truncating mutation in Eya4, E193, causes hearing impairment followed by terminal heart failure suggesting Eya4 is a regulator in cardiac physiology. Methods and Results: Transgene- or adenovirus mediated overexpression of Eya4 or E193 altered the expression of p27kip1, a critical mediator of cardiac hypertrophy in adult cardiomyocytes. Luciferase reporter and EMSA assays revealed that Eya4 directly binds to and suppresses p27kip1 promoter activity, while E193 exerts an opposing effect, respectively. Activity and phosphorylation of downstream molecules were significantly altered in Eya4 and E193 transgenic (TG) mice in a contradictory manner. Cardiac phenotypes evolved in both TG models already under basal conditions. Eya4 TG hearts developed hypertrophy as judged by increases in heart weight and cross-sectional cell surfaces and re-activation of fetal genes as well as fibrosis. E193 TG animals showed onset of DCM along with wall thinning, ventricular dilation, fibrosis and slightly compromised cardiac function. These two distinct cardiac phenotypes were even more aggravated upon pressure overload or Angiotensin II infusion. Finally, we just recently identified a new mutation in Eya4, E215, which also causes hearing impairment and heart failure. Conclusion: Our data indicate that Eya4, in a physical complex with Six1, plays a critical role in regulating normal cardiac function via p27/CK2-α/HDAC2 and allude that mutations within the Exa4/Six1 transcriptional complex interfere with this newly established signalling pathway, finally leading to age-related onset of cardiomyopathy. Clinical Perspective: Gaining a better understanding of this disease mechanism could help identify new treatment options for heart failure patients.
Cytogenetic Study of Sticker Venereal Sarcoma in European Dogs
Authors: G. Barski, Fr. Cornefert-Jensen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1966)

Three venereal sarcomas which appeared and developed in dogs born and grown in 3 different areas of France were studied as primary tumors (2 cases) and as homotransplants (2 cases). In all instances a karyotype strikingly different from normal dog 78-chromosome complement was found. The modal chromosomal number in all 3 tumors was close to 59, containing 13–17 abnormal metacentric chromosomes. Many of them were markers similar or identical to those found previously in veneral sarcomas of Japanese or American dogs. The meaning of these data in relation to the transplantability, natural transmission, and origin of the malignant Sarcoma cell is discussed.
Glucagonoma Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Treated With 177Lu DOTATATE Induction and Maintenance Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy
Authors: William Makis, Karey McCann, Terence A. Riauka, Alexander J.B. McEwan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 56-year-old man presented with a history of 2 prior resections of a recurrent pancreatic glucagonoma in the past 4 years. Workup revealed new liver and abdominal nodal metastases with a rising serum glucagon level. He was started on peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with Lu DOTATATE, and his disease stabilized, while his glucagon levels decreased and also stabilized. After 4 induction and 2 maintenance cycles, he remains progression free for 23 months.
Rhinoviruses, A(H1N1)v, RSV: The race for hivernal pandemics, France 2009-2010
Authors: J S Casalegno, M Bouscambert-Duchamp, F Morfin, B Lina, V Escuret
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

Preview this article: Rhinoviruses, A(H1N1)v, RSV: The race for hivernal pandemics, France 2009-2010, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/14/44/art19390-en-1.gif
Medical students' learning as primary therapists or as participant/observers in a psychiatric clerkship
Authors: J M Oldham, M H Sacks, J E Nininger, K Blank, R D Kaplan
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

The authors assessed two different inpatient models of clinical clerkships in psychiatry on the basis of both an examination assessing amount of learning and a survey of student attitudes. One clerkship model placed the third-year medical student in the role of primary therapist; the other model assigned each student to join a psychiatrist as a participant/observer. No overall difference in objective assessment of learning was found between the two groups of students, and student attitudes generally favored the participant/observer model. These findings suggest that the widespread bias favoring the primary therapist model may not be justified.