tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract A28: New data supporting the possible evolutionary role of tumors: Evolutionary novel genes expressed in fish tumors determine progressive evolutionary characters in humans
Authors: Andrei Kozlov, Ekaterina Matyunina, Alexander Emelyanov
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract The origin of evolutionary novel genes in DNA of germ cells is connected with the origin and evolution of the novel organismal functions and the increase in morphological complexity of multicellular organisms. Novel gene acquire new or altered functions. Here we describe that evolutionary novel genes, expressed predominantly in transgenic fish tumors after their induced regression, determine progressive evolutionary characters and are conserved in humans. We used a sample of genes, which were activated in inducible krasV12 transgenic zebrafish tumors according to the results of RNASeq data. Genes from our sample were expressed after HCC regression upon kras inactivation. The search of orthologs by different tools, such as blastx and psiblast, with e-value cut off not less than 10-3 and query coverage more than 50%, discovered that considerable proportion of tumor-specifically expressed genes are evolutionary novel, i.e. their orthologs are not found in lamprey. 226 of these novel genes have orthologs in humans. Gene ontology (GO) data were used to analyze their functions. According to the results of GO some of the genes have functions not characteristic to fish. For example, genes ccdc40, lmx1ba, lepa, tgfbr2 and irs1 acquired functions in lung, embryonic utera, mammalian placenta and mammary gland, i.e. organs originated in taxa higher than fish. Among known functions of the human orthologues of evolutionary novel genes of zebrafish (vs. lamprey) there are some important morphogenetic functions. A large proportion of genes from our sample are connected with retina type eye, heart, lung and brain development. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Andrei Kozlov, Ekaterina Matyunina, Alexander Emelyanov. New data supporting the possible evolutionary role of tumors: Evolutionary novel genes expressed in fish tumors determine progressive evolutionary characters in humans. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2015 Oct 23-26; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A28.
Carbamates in the Chemotherapy of Leukemia. II. the Relationship Between Chemical Structure, Leukopenic Action, and Acute Toxicity of a Group of Urethan Derivatives&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Howard E. Skipper, Carl E. Bryan, William H. Riser, Jr., Margaret Welty, Anne Stelzenmuller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1948)

Carbamates in the Chemotherapy of Leukemia. II. the Relationship Between Chemical Structure, Leukopenic Action, and Acute Toxicity of a Group of Urethan Derivatives Get access Howard E. Skipper, Howard E. Skipper Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carl E. Bryan, Carl E. Bryan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William H. Riser, Jr., William H. Riser, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Margaret Welty, Margaret Welty Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Anne Stelzenmuller Anne Stelzenmuller Biochemistry Division, Southern Research Institute and the Hematology Clinic, Medical College of Alabama, Birmingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 9, Issue 2, October 1948, Pages 77–88, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/9.2.77 Published: 01 October 1948 Article history Received: 02 April 1948 Published: 01 October 1948
Sleepwalking and night terrors related to febrile illness
Authors: J D Kales, A Kales, C R Soldatos, K Chamberlin, E D Martin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

Sleepwalking and night terrors have been defined as disorders of arousal (1 ) that occur early in the night and have their onset during stage 3 or 4 sleep (2, 3). During a sleepwalking episode, the individual seems confused, detached, and relatively unresponsive. Night terrors are more dramatic; patients manifest terror and panic, and there is extreme autonomic discharge and vocalization. In both disorders, patients are difficult to arouse, and complete amnesia or minimal recall of the episode is frequent. A genetic component underlies these disorders in that patients often have a family history of sleepwalking, night terrors, or both (4). Sleepwalking and night terrors typically begin in childhood or early adolescence and are usually ‘ ‘outgrown’ ‘ by the end of adolescence, suggesting a delay in CNS maturation (5). When sleepwalking or night terrors have a postpubertal onset or continue into adulthood, however, psychopathology is a more significant causative factor (6, 7). These shared characteristics have led us to propose that sleepwalking and night terrors have a common etiology and are part of the same pathophysiologic spectrum (8). In this paper. we report on febrile illness as a precipitating factor for the onset of sleepwalking or night terrors. To our knowledge. this is the first report establishing this relationship. We have evaluated five children or adolescents who began to sleepwalk or to experience night terrors during or immediately after a febrile illness. The following three case reports illustrate our observations of this phenomenon.
One-year follow-up of hyperactive boys treated with imipramine or methylphenidate
Authors: P O Quinn, J L Rapoport
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

The authors report on a one-year follow-up of 76 hyperactive boys who had participated in a comparative study of methylphenidate, imipramine, and placebo. They found that there was a higher rate of discontinuance of imipramine than of methylphenidate in this sample and that both medications decreased the boys' rate of weight gain but had no significant effect on growth in height. This findings is of concern because larger doses than were used in this study are in use elsewhere. Teachers reported that the group of boys who had discontinued either medications showed continued hyperactivity and behavior problems in the classroom at one year. The two treatment groups showed continued improvement at one year in classroom and home behavior and did not suffer significantly from each other.
Accuracy of Magnetically Controlled Capsule Endoscopy, Compared With Conventional Gastroscopy, in Detection of Gastric Diseases
Authors: Zhuan Liao, Xi Hou, En-Qiang Lin-Hu, Jian-Qiu Sheng, Zhi-Zheng Ge, Bo Jiang, Xiao-Hua Hou, Ji-Yong Liu, Zhen Li, Qi-Yang Huang, Xiao-Jun Zhao, Na Li, Yun-Jie Gao, Yao Zhang, Jie-Qiong Zhou, Xin-Ying Wang, Jun Liu, Xiao-Ping Xie, Cong-Mei Yang, Hua-Lin Liu, Xiao-Tian Sun, Wen-Bin Zou, Zhao-Shen Li
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2016)

Diseases of the stomach, including gastric cancer and peptic ulcer, are the most common digestive diseases. It is impossible to visualize the entire stomach with the passive capsule currently used in practice because of the large size of the gastric cavity. A magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (MCE) system has been designed to explore the stomach. We performed a prospective study to compare the accuracy of detection of gastric focal lesions by MCE vs conventional gastroscopy (the standard method).We performed a multicenter blinded study comparing MCE with conventional gastroscopy in 350 patients (mean age, 46.6 y), with upper abdominal complaints scheduled to undergo gastroscopy at a tertiary center in China from August 2014 through December 2014. All patients underwent MCE, followed by conventional gastroscopy 2 hours later, without sedation. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of detection of gastric focal lesions by MCE, using gastroscopy as the standard.MCE detected gastric focal lesions in the whole stomach with 90.4% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.7%-96.1%), 94.7% specificity (95% CI, 91.9%-97.5%), a positive predictive value of 87.9% (95% CI, 81.7%-94.0%), a negative predictive value of 95.9% (95% CI, 93.4%-98.4%), and 93.4% accuracy (95% CI, 90.83%-96.02%). MCE detected focal lesions in the upper stomach (cardia, fundus, and body) with 90.2% sensitivity (95% CI, 82.0%-98.4%) and 96.7% specificity (95% CI, 94.4%-98.9%). MCE detected focal lesions in the lower stomach (angulus, antrum, and pylorus) with 90.6% sensitivity (95% CI, 82.7%-98.4%) and 97.9% specificity (95% CI, 96.1%-99.7%). MCE detected 1 advanced gastric carcinoma, 2 malignant lymphomas, and 1 early stage gastric tumor. MCE did not miss any lesions of significance (including tumors or large ulcers). Among the 350 patients, 5 reported 9 adverse events (1.4%) and 335 preferred MCE over gastroscopy (95.7%).MCE detects focal lesions in the upper and lower stomach with comparable accuracy with conventional gastroscopy. MCE is preferred by almost all patients, compared with gastroscopy, and can be used to screen gastric diseases without sedation. Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT02219529.
Case 12-2012: An Infant with Vomiting
Authors: Lamiya Samad, Alastair G Sutcliffe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

An Infant with VomitingTo the Editor: The illustrative figure (Fig. 1A of the article) in the Case Record involving a 10-monthold girl with vomiting and episodes of unresponsiveness (April 19 issue) 1 is incorrect because it depicts an ileocolic intussusception rather than an idiopathic ileocecocolic intussusception, 2 which this girl had.In the accompanying abdominal radiograph (Fig. 1B of the article), the cecal gas is absent because the cecum and the appendix are included in the intussusceptum.In the illustrative figure, the cecum appears unaffected and is depicted in the right iliac fossa, but in the images depicting the pneumatic reduction (Fig. 2 of the article), the position of the cecum is quite high, almost at the right upper quadrant.
Blood Grouping, Blood Banking and Blood Transfusion
Authors: Lamar Soutter, Fred H. Allen, Charles P. Emerson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

Collection of BloodBlood collection, adequate in amount to cover the needs in all blood groups, is the major problem of all blood banks, large or small. This problem has three main aspects: those of the hospital, the community and the nation at large.The problem of the hospital is one that existed long before the advent of banks, when the collection of blood was on an individual basis. Banks have eased the problem by creating an excess of donors for one patient whose blood could be used to care for the needs of others. Such a system, theoretically, should . . .
Q fever in the Netherlands – what matters is seriousness of disease rather than quantity
Authors: G Cilla, M Montes, E Pérez-Trallero
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

As the number of detected cases may be closely related to the intensity of the search and the methods and criteria used in the diagnosis, we believe that exhaustive surveillance under pressure from the media could lead to over-diagnosis and unnecessary treatments which, like that of pregnant women, are not free of risk.
Plasma-Cell Neoplasms Beginning in the Ileocecal Area in Strain C3H Mice
Authors: Thelma B. Dunn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1957)

Journal Article Plasma-Cell Neoplasms Beginning in the Ileocecal Area in Strain C3H Mice Get access Thelma B. Dunn Thelma B. Dunn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 19, Issue 3, September 1957, Pages 371–391, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/19.3.371 Published: 01 September 1957 Article history Received: 11 April 1957 Published: 01 September 1957
David Mortimer Hill
Authors: David Mortimer Hill, David Jennings
Journal: BMJ (2016)

David Mortimer Hill was born in Salisbury, the only child of Arthur and Winifred Hill. He attended Chafyn Grove preparatory school, Eastbourne College, and University College Oxford. He read natural sciences at the start of his medical training, and was awarded an internal exhibition there in 1955. He moved to University College Hospital Medical School in1957 with an entrance exhibition. 

David married Elizabeth, a nurse, in 1961, and they had three children between …
Massive Ovarian Cystadenoma Detected Solely on the Blood-Pool Phase of a Bone Scan
Authors: KEVIN K. L. CHOONG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia Received for publication August 21, 2001. Revision accepted November 13, 2001. Correspondence: Kevin K. L. Choong, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia. E-mail: [email protected]
Food poisoning outbreaks linked to mussels contaminated with okadaic acid and ester dinophysistoxin-3 in France, June 2009
Authors: V Hossen, N Jourdan-da Silva, Y Guillois-Bécel, J Marchal, S Krys
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

In June 2009, 11 outbreaks of food poisoning occurred in France, involving 45 individuals who had consumed mussels harvested in Vilaine Bay (Northwestern France). Because the toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis spp. had been detected in the area from mid-May, okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxins were suspected to be the cause of these outbreaks, although the weekly monitoring tests by mouse bioassay had been negative. With the help of the French reporting system for food-borne disease outbreaks, the detailed data on epidemiology, mussel consumption and complete product traceback, were collected for 11 individuals involved in three reported outbreaks. The batch of mussels identified as the source of these three outbreaks contained concentrations of toxins of the okadaic acid group that were approximately eight times higher than the European regulatory limit. Moreover, based on the consumption data available for the 11 cases, a lowest observable adverse effects level (LOAEL) was deduced. The LOAEL calculated from this study, although based on a very limited number of individuals, was in the same range, i.e. approximately 50 μg OA equivalents per person, as the LOAEL established by the European Food Safety Authority in 2006.
The effects of the sealed record in adoption
Authors: A D Sorosky, A Baran, R Pannor
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

The authors found that 40 of 50 adult adoptees who had reunions with their birth parents found the experience satisfying. Only 10% of the birth parents reacted adversely, although negative response were somewhat more common among the adoptive parents. These findings confirm the author's belief that adoption practices, which in all but 4 states include permanent sealing of birth records, should be changed to recognize the life-long nature of adoption. Their recommendations include opening the records for adult adoptees, creation of agencies to be available to provide assistance and counseling for all involved (adoptees, their adoptive parents, and birth parents), and consideration of new adoption methods that would not require biological parents to forever relinquish their child and all knowledge of him/her at adoption.
British National Formulary 1976-8
Authors: A WILSON
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The British National Formulary is perhaps the best of its kind in the world, and important improvements come with every edition. It is compiled by a large Joint Formulary Committee under the auspices of the British Medical Association and the Pharmaceutical Society. Possibly because most sections of the medical and pharmaceutical professions are represented on the committee, there has been relatively little public discussion of the Formulary. We believe that such discussion could help to make the Formulary an even greater and better influence on prescribing habits. We shall therefore occasionally comment on various aspects of the BNF, particularly after the 1966 edition has appeared.
Abstract P5-03-01: Therapeutic targeting of Rac GTPases in ER+ and HER2+ breast cancer
Authors: RA Hampsch, K Shee, TW Miller
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract As crucial regulators of cell motility, survival, and proliferation, Rac GTPases (Rac1/2/3) have been implicated in cancer. We previously found that P-REX1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that activates Rac GTPases, forms a PI3K-driven positive feedback loop to promote activation of Rac enzymes, receptor tyrosine kinases, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and MEK/ERK in ER+ breast cancer cells. Importantly, inhibition of Rac GTPases with a small molecule (EHT1864) simultaneously suppressed activation of both the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MEK/ERK pathways. While co-targeting of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MEK/ERK pathways with drug combinations has anti-tumor activity in preclinical models and is being tested in ongoing clinical trials, targeting Rac as a common upstream signaling node may be a more efficient means of simultaneously targeting these two oncogenic pathways. In breast cancer cell lines, treatment with EHT1864 decreased activation of AKT, mTOR, p70S6K, and S6 in a dose-dependent manner. Pulldown of activated Rac from cell lysates revealed that GTP-bound Rac1 and/or Rac3 bind MEK1/2, ERK1/2, p70S6K, S6, Raptor, Rictor, and mTOR. Temporal analysis indicated that EHT1864 inhibits phosphorylation of p70S6K (an mTORC1 substrate) before AKT is inhibited, suggesting that Rac may directly activate p70S6K and/or mTORC1. Mining of sensitivity data from ∼700 cell lines to a panel of 138 drugs (COSMIC/GDSC database) revealed that the growth-suppressive effects of EHT1864 correlate most strongly with growth-suppressive patterns induced by a p70S6K inhibitor, supporting the notion that Rac directly activates p70S6K. Additionally, EHT1864 treatment dose-dependently decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and MEK1/2, and induced apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines. In a panel of 16 breast cancer lines, cells with activating mutations in PIK3CA (encodes the p110-alpha subunit of PI3K) exhibit increased EHT1864 sensitivity. Pharmacokinetic analysis of EHT1864 (100 mg/kg, i.p.) in plasma in NSG mice revealed that drug was present at &amp;gt;50 uM for 1 h after administration. In mice bearing s.c. ER+/HER2+ BT-474 breast cancer xenografts, EHT1864 (100 mg/kg BID) significantly slowed tumor growth compared to vehicle control. Thus, therapeutically targeting Rac could be an effective means of reducing cancer cell proliferation and survival by simultaneously suppressing both the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MEK/ERK signaling pathways in ER+ and HER2+ breast cancers. Citation Format: Hampsch RA, Shee K, Miller TW. Therapeutic targeting of Rac GTPases in ER+ and HER2+ breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-03-01.
Fatigue control in metastatic colon cancer treated with capecitabine and oxaliplatin.
Authors: Fernanda Maris Peria, Lilian Andrade Sá, Harley Francisco Oliveira, Josiane Cheli Vettori, Daniela Pretti da Cunha Tirapelli, Nivaldo Farias Vieira, Gleici da Silva Castro Perdona
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e19628 Background: Fatigue is one of the most frequent symptoms in cancer patients, characterized by profound fatigue that is not relieved by rest. This symptom can be identified at the time of diagnosis and could affects up to 90% of patients undergoing cancer treatment. There are some instruments available in the literature that can characterize the presence of fatigue through clinical questioning. Methods: Considering the large population of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with chemotherapy and the prevalence of fatigue in these patients, this study evaluated the presence of fatigue in 27 metastatic colon cancer patients before the first, second, third and fourth cycles of fist line palliative chemotherapy regimen containing CAPOX (capecitabine and oxaliplatin) by applying the evaluation questionnaire FACIT-F fatigue. Results: The results post Friedman chi-squared test demonstrated that there was no improvement of fatigue during these four cycles of CAPOX palliative chemotherapy (p=0,2574). The FACIT-G analysis demonstrated no worsening of quality of life (p=0,2411) during and between the four cycles of chemo. All different parameters included in FACIT-F questionnaires: emotional (p=0,2629), physical (p=0,3199), familiar (p=0,1456), functional (p=0,8662) and specific fatigue topic (p=0,7569) confirmed no difference between the cycles. Conclusions: Despite the metastatic stage of colon cancer patients and concurrent chemotherapy treatment, there was no fatigue improvement during the four first CAPOX chemo cycles courses and there was the maintenance of quality of life.
Cost containment and the physician
Authors: T E Nesbitt
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In her recent<i>JAMA</i>article, Dr Angell<sup>1</sup>offers some thoughts on how to address the problem of the medical community spending too much money on health care. Among the several remedies suggested were the following. First, physicians should eliminate unnecessary medical care. I agree we should try, but given the amount of success that the Department of Defense has had in eliminating waste in the military I am not optimistic that physicians can do much better in medicine. Second, peer-review mechanisms would decide which new technologies are beneficial before funding is provided on a grand scale. Who will decide and how was not addressed. Meaningful peer review has not been one of medicine's great accomplishments in the recent past. Third, "fee schedules should be revised so that they neither encourage nor discourage the use of tests and procedures." I predict that this will be like tax
Migrants’ right to healthcare: accepting limits on what European healthcare systems can provide
Authors: David Hughes
Journal: BMJ (2016)

But what happens when the ethics based discourse of “rights” runs up against economics?1 Healthcare systems across the EU, of both the Bismarck and the Beveridge varieties, depend on the concept of the risk pool, a known population for which system managers plan and finance care.2 Mass migration can dissolve the borders …
NIMG-21EVALUATING THE RESPONSE TO BEVACIZUMAB IN HIGH GRADE GLIOMAS: THE IMPORTANCE OF CLINICAL ASSESSMENT
Authors: Amélie Darlix, Christophe Langlois, Maryline Laigre, Florence Castan, Luc Bauchet, Hugues Duffau, Alain Bonafé, Michel Fabbro
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BACKGROUND: The assessment of Bevacizumab efficacy in high-grade gliomas (HGG) depends on the response criteria used, with discrepancies between T1 Gadolinium-enhanced sequences, T2 sequences and neurological outcome. The aim was to compare McDonald's, RANO and RECIST 1.1 criteria to the clinical outcome in a consecutive series of HGG patients. METHODS: HGG patients treated at the Montpellier Cancer Institute were retrospectively selected. Patients with a Performance Status (PS)  20% of the product of perpendicular diameters. CONCLUSIONS: The high correlation between McDonald's and RANO criteria demonstrates the importance of accurately assessing changes in steroids and neurological state, as well as imaging response, in order to avoid concluding to a false efficacy on imaging only, when using the McDonald's criteria. These results raise the question of the value of the FLAIR assessment when McDonald's criteria are rigorously applied.