tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive analysis of change after brief dynamic psychotherapy
Authors: M J Horowitz, C R Marmar, D S Weiss, N B Kaltreider, N R Wilner
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

This report provides data on symptom levels by using group means as well as categories of clinical relevance as they change over the course of treatment and also examines change "beyond symptoms" as levels of adaptive functioning. This approach allows a more comprehensive analysis of change in a series of patients with pathological grief reactions treated with brief dynamic psychotherapy. The different perspectives on outcome of the patient, the evaluating clinician, the treating clinician, and independent judges are compared. The findings from all perspectives indicate that major symptom relief occurred in the majority of patients, with less change in adaptive abilities.
Improved renal ischemia tolerance in females influences kidney transplantation outcomes
Authors: David D. Aufhauser, Zhonglin Wang, Douglas R. Murken, Tricia R. Bhatti, Yanfeng Wang, Guanghui Ge, Robert R. Redfield, Peter L. Abt, Liqing Wang, Nikolaos Svoronos, Arwin Thomasson, Peter P. Reese, Wayne W. Hancock, Matthew H. Levine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

Experimentally, females show an improved ability to recover from ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) compared with males; however, this sex-dependent response is less established in humans. Here, we developed a series of murine renal ischemia and transplant models to investigate sex-specific effects on recovery after IRI. We found that IRI tolerance is profoundly increased in female mice compared with that observed in male mice and discovered an intermediate phenotype after neutering of either sex. Transplantation of adult kidneys from either sex into a recipient of the opposite sex followed by ischemia at a remote time resulted in ischemia recovery that reflected the sex of the recipient, not the donor, revealing that the host sex determines recovery. Likewise, renal IRI was exacerbated in female estrogen receptor α–KO mice, while female mice receiving supplemental estrogen before ischemia were protected. We examined data from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) to determine whether there is an association between sex and delayed graft function (DGF) in patients who received deceased donor renal transplants. A multivariable logistic regression analysis determined that there was a greater association with DGF in male recipients than in female recipients. Together, our results demonstrate that sex affects renal IRI tolerance in mice and humans and indicate that estrogen administration has potential as a therapeutic intervention to clinically improve ischemia tolerance.
Phase I/II study of PF-06463922, an ALK/ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer harboring specific molecular alterations.
Authors: Todd Michael Bauer, Alice Tsang Shaw, Ben Solomon, Benjamin Besse, Leonard P. James, Jill S. Clancy, Ganesh Mugundu, Jean-Francois Martini, Antonello Abbattista, Enriqueta Felip
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

TPS2620 Background: Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) occurring in 85% of cases. Oncogenic fusions of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) or c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1)–receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) define 2 distinct subsets of NSCLC patients (pts) and play essential roles in tumor cell survival, growth, and metastasis. While most biomarker-selected pts derive some clinical benefit from initial treatment with a TKI, most will eventually develop resistance. PF-06463922 is a selective TKI of ALK and ROS1 that preclinically demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of mutations that confer resistance to treatment with other TKIs. As the central nervous system (CNS) is a common site of metastases in these pts and PF-06463922 is a brain-penetrant compound, it is hypothesized that PF-06463922 will also be active in pts with CNS metastases. Methods: This ongoing, single-arm, phase I/II trial (NCT01970865) is evaluating the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of PF-06463922 in pts with advanced ALK+ or ROS1+ NSCLC with or without CNS metastases. In all, 22 pts have been enrolled in Phase I and, thus far, PF-06463922 has demonstrated clinical activity in ALK+ and ROS1+ NSCLC pts, most of whom had CNS metastases and had received at least 1 prior TKI. Phase II was designed to assess efficacy across 4 distinct populations: ALK+ pts who are treatment-naïve, ALK+ pts with progression after crizotinib, ALK+ pts with progression after 1 or 2 prior TKI, and ROS1+ pts in any line of treatment. All pts must have at least 1 measurable extracranial lesion by RECIST v1.1. Pts with asymptomatic CNS metastases, leptomeningeal disease, or carcinomatous meningitis are eligible. The starting dose for phase II will be identified in phase I. Correlative biomarker studies on blood and tumor tissue (archival tissue and de novo biopsies) will be performed. Five of the 75 planned sites are open and recruiting. For more information, visit ClinicalTrials.gov or contact Pfizer Oncology at 1-800-718-1021. Clinical trial information: NCT01970865.
Impact of the mandatory implementation of reporting guidelines on reporting quality in a surgical journal: A before and after study
Authors: Riaz Ahmed Agha, Alexander J. Fowler, Christopher Limb, Katharine Whitehurst, Robert Coe, Harkiran Sagoo, Daniyal J. Jafree, Charmilie Chandrakumar, Buket Gundogan
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2016)
P0515 : Biological stability and diagnostic accuracy of ELF® (enhanced liver fibrosis test) to identify liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C using cryopreserved serum samples during 25 years
Authors: M. Puigvehí, J. Hernández, N. Cañete, T. Broquetas, M. García-Retortillo, S. Coll, B. Cabrero, M. Garcia, D. Giménez, F. Bory, M. Salvadó, R. Solà, J.A. Carrión
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Dihydrofolate Reductase Deficiency Causing Megaloblastic Anemia in Two Families
Authors: Geoffrey P. Tauro, David M. Danks, Peter B. Rowe, Martin B. Van der Weyden, Max A. Schwarz, Vernon L. Collins, Bernard W. Neal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

To determine the cause of severe megaloblastosis detected at birth and at four weeks in two unrelated infants their bone marrow and liver cells were studied. Both patients had abnormal deoxyuridine suppression tests, corrected to normal by 5-formyl tetrahydrofolic acid. Liver-cell homogenate from one patient had a previously undetectable level of dihydrofolate reductase restored to normal by high cation concentration in the assay. Activity of the liver-cell homogenate from the other patient, which was one quarter of the normal level, was restored to only half normal activity by high cation concentration. Dihydrofolic acid reductase deficiency prevents this conversion of folic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid; the enzyme activity appears to differ in each patient. A satisfactory clinical response in both patients followed parenteral therapy with 5-formyl tetrahydrofolic acid. One sibling in each family died of a similar illness. Autosomal recessive inheritance is probable.
March Hemoglobinuria in a Woman
Authors: D. R. Gilligan, M. D. Altschule
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THE literature now contains many reports of cases of "march hemoglobinuria" in men,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 but to date there has been only one report of this condition occurring in a woman.14 The diagnosis of march hemoglobinuria is made in subjects in whom marching, walking or running occasions the passage of red urine containing hemoglobin in solution.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 We have recently had the opportunity of studying a case of march hemoglobinuria in a young woman in whom attacks were precipitated by short walks. The present communication describes the clinical and laboratory investigations made in this case.Case ReportA. G., a single 30-year-old woman, . . .
A Comparison of Budesonide with Prednisolone for Active Crohn's Disease
Authors: Paul Rutgeerts, Robert Lofberg, Helmut Malchow, Cornelis Lamers, Gunnar Olaison, Derek Jewell, Ake Danielsson, Harald Goebell, Ole Ostergaard Thomsen, Hertwig Lorenz-Meyer, Humphrey Hodgson, Tore Persson, Cecilia Seidegard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Patients with active Crohn's disease are often treated with corticosteroids, but the treatment has many side effects. Budesonide is a potent, well-absorbed corticosteroid, but because of a high rate of first-pass metabolism in the liver, its systemic bioavailability is low.
Acute Leukemia with Rupture of the Spleen as the Initial Symptom
Authors: Irving N. Wolfson, Edmund J. Croce, Franklin K. Fite
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

SPONTANEOUS rupture of the spleen has been reported in many diseases associated with splenomegaly. Malaria, the most common of these, was found in 50 per cent of 44 cases of spontaneous splenic rupture seen in the Army Institute of Pathology.1 Infectious mononucleosis, the second most common associated disorder, was present in 7 cases. Other diseases in which spontaneous rupture of the spleen has been reported include tularemia,2 sarcoidosis3 and infectious hepatitis4 although the last case may have been one of infectious mononucleosis with hepatic involvement.In leukemia splenic rupture is rare. Lange5 observed leukemia in only 5 of 189 cases . . .
Controversies in Management: The case for spinal fusion is unproved
Authors: J. Wilson-MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Back pain affects about 80% of the population at some time in their life, and it is generally agreed that most people are best treated conservatively. Most episodes of acute back pain will settle either spontaneously or with treatment, but in a few people the pain does not resolve and they may be considered for spinal fusion.

Spinal fusion was originally developed for the treatment of tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, and scoliosis. Because it seemed successful for treating back pain arising from these conditions, it was assumed that any mechanical back pain could be successfully treated with spinal fusion. More than 20000 lumbar spinal fusions are performed annually in the United States, and there is a direct relation between the number of spinal operations performed in any one area and the number of orthopaedic and neurosurgeons.1 About eight times as many spinal surgical procedures are carried out in the United States per capita as in Britain.

Prospective studies have shown reasonably convincingly that time off work in patients with first episodes of acute back …
Plasma levels of imipramine and adverse effects in children
Authors: S H Preskorn, E B Weller, R A Weller, E Glotzbach
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

In 22 prepubertal depressed children, the total plasma concentration of imipramine and its major metabolite, desipramine, varied by more than sevenfold. The plasma drug concentrations correlated with slowing of intracardiac conduction, elevation of diastolic blood pressure, and increase in heart rate. These drug-induced changes were uniformly observed when the total tricyclic level exceeded 225 ng/ml. However, subjective reporting of nuisance side effects was not related to plasma drug concentration. These findings suggest that children can be safely treated when their plasma levels are below 225 ng/ml. If higher plasma levels are attained, closer monitoring is warranted.
Essential Hypertension: Renin and Aldosterone, Heart Attack and Stroke
Authors: Hans R. Brunner, John H. Laragh, Leslie Baer, Michael A. Newton, Frank T. Goodwin, Lawrence R. Krakoff, Richard H. Bard, Fritz. R. Bühler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Abstract In 219 patients with essential hypertension, aldosterone excretion and plasma renin activity were related to daily sodium excretion and compared to a nomogram drawn from 52 normal volunteers studied over the same continuous range of sodium balance. Plasma renin activity was subnormal in 27 per cent, normal in 57 per cent and elevated in 16 per cent. Further study showed eight patterns of renin and aldosterone secretion. Patients with normal or high renin had an 11 and 14 per cent frequency respectively of heart attacks or strokes. However, during a similar period of observation, none of 59 low renin patients had any of these complications. They appear protected despite similar hypertension, similar left ventricular enlargement, and despite higher mean age. Plasma renin activity emerges as a potential risk factor for patients with essential hypertension — useful for identifying etiologies, determining prognosis and applying therapy.
Jak1 Plays an Essential Role for Receptor Phosphorylation and Stat Activation in Response to Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor
Authors: Kazuya Shimoda, Jian Feng, Hiroshi Murakami, Shigekazu Nagata, Diane Watling, Neil C. Rogers, George R. Stark, Ian M. Kerr, James N. Ihle
Journal: Blood (1997)
Susceptibility of ascites tumor cells to ex-vivo killing by the oncolytic virus JX-963 in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: C. Davies, K. Garson, F. LeBoeuf, J. Bell, J. Weberpals
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e16537 Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has a poor prognosis, and novel therapies are urgently needed. One-third of patients with EOC will develop clinical ascites, an adverse prognostic factor. The ascitic fluid is rich in tumor cells which can be purified and used as a valuable source of patient material for in vitro analysis. In this study, we describe a method to evaluate the efficacy of ascitic tumor cell killing by the oncolytic virus, JX-963 (vaccinia strain) currently approved for use in a NCIC-CTG phase I trial. Methods: Research ethics approval and patient consent was obtained for this study. 15 samples were collected prospectively with relevant clinicopathologic information. Infection with JX-963 was performed using viral doses ranging from a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.5 to 8. Following a seven-day infection period, viability was assessed using the Alamar Blue metabolic assay and tracked by virally encoded green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expression, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry. Results: A standardized protocol was developed for the collection and purification of EOC cells from patient ascites for subsequent infection and quantification of viral killing. Qualitative analysis using phase contrast imaging of the total cell content showed greater opaque dead cell aggregates with increasing MOI over time. Although variable between individual samples, there was a strong correlation between escalating MOI and enhanced cell death in all patient ascites samples, when quantified by Alamar Blue assay and confirmed by flow cytometry and IHC. Similar cell killing profiles by JX-963 were observed for ascites tumor cells derived from both chemotherapy-naïve patients and chemotherapy-exposed (&gt;1 prior line of chemotherapy) patients. Conclusions: EOC cells from patient ascites show effective but differential susceptibility to viral oncolysis by the JX-963 virus that appears to be independent of prior exposure to chemotherapy. The relevance of this work is that in an individual patient, this assay will allow the testing of panels of oncolytic viruses to identify candidate viral therapeutics which may predict response to treatment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Prediction of violent reoffending on release from prison: derivation and external validation of a scalable tool
Authors: Seena Fazel, Zheng Chang, Thomas Fanshawe, Niklas Långström, Paul Lichtenstein, Henrik Larsson, Susan Mallett
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2016)

More than 30 million people are released from prison worldwide every year, who include a group at high risk of perpetrating interpersonal violence. Because there is considerable inconsistency and inefficiency in identifying those who would benefit from interventions to reduce this risk, we developed and validated a clinical prediction rule to determine the risk of violent offending in released prisoners.
Comparative Efficacy of Alternative Hand-Washing Agents in Reducing Nosocomial Infections in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Bradley N. Doebbeling, Gail L. Stanley, Carol T. Sheetz, Michael A. Pfaller, Alison K. Houston, Linda Annis, Ning Li, Richard P. Wenzel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Effective hand-washing can prevent nosocomial infections, particularly in high-risk areas of the hospital. There are few clinical studies of the efficacy of specific hand-cleansing agents in preventing the transmission of pathogens from health care workers to patients.
Cryoglobulins in Coronary-Artery Disease
Authors: Thomas N. James, Ellet H. Drake
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

COMPREHENSIVE essays on cold-precipitable substances in serum have been provided by Barr, Reader and Wheeler,1 and by Lerner and Watson,2 who suggested the descriptive term "cryoglobulin." Such substances probably include several groups of proteins, and perhaps other compounds. When present in large amounts, cryoglobulin of itself produces a well defined clinical syndrome similar to Raynaud's disease. Although Rörvik3 stated that even small amounts of cryoglobulin must be considered pathologic, only one clinical study of a disease with small amounts of cold-precipitable substance has been made. That report, by Dreyfuss and Librach,4 suggested that the high incidence of cold-precipitable substance in . . .
Fluorohydrocortisone and Chlorohydrocortisone, Highly Potent Derivatives of Compound F
Authors: Alan Goldfien, John C. Laidlaw, Najib Abu Haydar, Albert E. Renold, George W. Thorn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

FRIED and Sabo,1 while attempting to synthesize compound F from 11-epi-17-alpha-hydroxycorticosterone by way of a halogenated intermediate, found that the 9-alpha-chloro and fluoro derivatives of hydrocortisone were highly active in the assay of rat-liver glycogen for 11-oxygenated corticosteroids. Further studies in the rat by Borman, Singer and Numerof2 have shown these compounds to have potent sodium-retaining activity as well. The structural formulas of these compounds are as follows: The present communication is concerned with the metabolic and therapeutic effects of chlorohydrocortisone acetate and fluorohydrocortisone acetate in man. Preliminary studies indicate that whereas the actions of chlorohydrocortisone and fluorohydrocortisone are qualitatively . . .
Abstract P2-12-22: Atypical ductal hyperplasia and breast cancers - A ten year clinical and pathological review on core biopsy, lumpectomy and mastectomy specimens
Authors: M Co, A Kwong
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Introduction Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) is known to be associated with underlying pre-malignant or malignant breast conditions. Here we report our 10-year data on ADH found in core biopsy, lumpectomy and mastectomy specimens Methods From 1st January 2005 to 31st December 2014, a total of 104 core needle biopsy specimens and 218 lumpectomy / mastectomy specimens were found to contain ADH. Clinical, radiological and pathology data were retrieved and analysed from a prospectively-maintained database. Results Out of the 104 patients with core biopsy showing ADH, 101 patients received excision and 3 refused operation. 34 patients turned out to have ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) on excision, while 6 had invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), 1 had lobular carcinoma in-situ (LCIS) and 1 had angiosarcoma resulting in an upstaging rate of 40.4% (42/104). The remaining patients had benign lesions including papillary lesions, fibrocystic disease, or ADH alone. Multivariate analysis found that the only correlating factor for the presence of DCIS or IDC was suspicious mammographic features (BIRADS 4 or above) (P = 0.008 and 0.02 respectively) but not other parameters such as extent of micro-calcifications (P = 0.12) or age (P = 0.11). Histopathological diagnosis after excision of lesions containing ADH on core biopsyExcisional Biopsy ResultNumber (%)DCIS34 (32.7%)ADH32 (30.8%)Benign27 (26%)IDC6 (5.8%)LCIS1 (0.9%)Angiosarcoma1 (0.9%)Refuse operation3 (2.9%) 218 lumpectomy or mastectomy specimens were found to harbor ADH. 62 (28.4%) had co-existing pre-malignant or malignant breast diseases. The only determining factor for the presence of malignant or pre-malignant condition was suspicious breast imaging features (BIRADS 4 or above) after multivariate analysis (P = 0.0003). Co-existing conditions in the lumpectomy / mastectomy specimens with ADHCo-existing Patholog(ies)Number (%)Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia alone97 (44.4%)Fibroadenoma / Fibrocystic disease31 (14.2%)Intraductal papilloma22 (10%)Phyllodes tumor6 (2.8%)Ductal carcinoma in-situ36 (16.5%)Invasive ductal carcinoma23 (10.6%)Lobular carcinoma in-situ1 (0.5%)Invasive lobular carcinoma1 (0.5%)Malignant phyllodes tumor1 (0.5%) Conclusion ADH is closely related to the presence of invasive cancer or DCIS especially when suspicious breast imaging features are present. The upstaging rate is still high in patients where initial biopsy was ADH. Citation Format: Co M, Kwong A. Atypical ductal hyperplasia and breast cancers - A ten year clinical and pathological review on core biopsy, lumpectomy and mastectomy specimens. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-12-22.
P30 Efficacy of pulsed cyclophosphamide and methyl-prednisolone therapy in patients with progressive interstitial lung disease
Authors: P Dutta, P Avery, L Mansell, B Griffiths, I Forrest, AJ Simpson
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Therapeutic options for progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD) are limited, as no pharmacological intervention has been shown to improve mortality significantly. Intravenous (IV) pulsed cyclophosphamide and methyl-prednisolone are administered in some centres for rapidly progressive ILD, based on small clinical improvements in patients with ILD secondary to systemic sclerosis. We studied the outcome of patients with ILD who received IV cyclophosphamide and methyl-prednisolone therapy in our centre. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients were identified from a database of those receiving cyclophosphamide. We reviewed the case notes of patients receiving IV cyclophosphamide between January 2010 to August 2014, comparing the rate of change in forced vital capacity (FVC) and transfer factor for carbon monoxide (TLco) before and after therapy. Adverse events were also recorded. <h3>Results</h3> Records from 53 patients with a mean age of 60 years (range 39 – 81 years) were reviewed; 29 (55%) were male. Diagnosis included Connective Tissue Related-ILD (21), Idiopathic NSIP (12), Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (8), IPF (6) and Undifferentiated-ILD (6). The median number of cyclophosphamide pulses received was 6 (range 1 to 23). After completion of cyclophosphamide, 41 (77%) patients received follow on immunosuppressive therapy in the form of mycophenolate mofetil (37 patients), azathioprine or rituximab. The average rate of change of lung function was significantly less after cyclophosphamide therapy both for FVC (Figure 1) p = 0.0004 and TLco p = 0.00015. Whilst on therapy 8 (15%) patients had bone marrow suppression (new onset neutrophil count &lt;2.0 × 10<sup>9</sup>/l and/or platelet count &lt;140 × 10<sup>9</sup>/l), 4 (7%) had elevated liver function tests, 3 (6%) had abnormal renal function, and one was investigated for microscopic haematuria. 32 episodes of infections were documented of which 21 were of respiratory origin. 25 (71%) out of 35 patients who suffered from an adverse event were able to complete therapy. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In our single centre, retrospective study, pulsed intravenous cyclophosphamide and methyl-prednisolone was associated with stabilisation of lung function in a mixed cohort of patients with progressive ILD. Adverse events were common but transient and managed with dose reduction and/or delayed schedule.