tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Growth Inhibition of Transplantable Mouse Lymphosarcoma by a Filtrate From Placental Lysates
Authors: W. Steele Livingston, D.V.M., Leslie R. Bennett, M.D., Baldwin G. Lamson, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1959)

The sterile autolysis of human placenta, under certain conditions, has reproducibly yielded a crude extract with tumor-growth-inhibiting properties when assayed in strain A/He mice bearing established subcutaneous transplants of T4/CRGL lymphosarcoma. Lysates with significant antitumor properties were obtained when autolysis occurred at 40° to 55° C. in closed containers that were maintained under increased pressure of 25 pounds per square-inch gauge pressure. Lysis occurring at gauge pressures of 0, 15, 35, and 45 pounds per square inch did not yield significant antitumor activity. Lysis at 25-pounds pressure and 60° C. also failed to yield active extracts.
SP0157 Glucocorticoids: How to Achieve a Good Benefit: Risk Balance Using this Double Edged Sword
Authors: F. Buttgereit
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

With over 60 years of experience with glucocorticoids (GC), the number of patients treated and the range of clinical applications is extensive, and GC are still widely used in clinical medicine today. For example, they form a mainstay of therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) since they are cost-effective drugs that exert strong anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and disease-modifying therapeutic effects. However, the potential of GC to produce adverse effects may prompt both patients and prescribing doctors to take a critical view on these important drugs. As with all diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in medicine, the primary aim is a positive benefit:risk ratio when using these important drugs. In clinical medicine, this means that it is clearly wrong not to treat conditions such as an active giant cell arteritis or a flare of systemic lupus erythematosus, which clearly benefit from this drug. On the other hand, it is equally wrong to make use of GC when not indicated or to use them at doses that are higher than required or for longer duration than necessary. Consequently, this increasing awareness of the potential adverse effects suggests that the improvement of GC benefit:risk ratio represents both a current need and an ongoing challenge. The developing and detailed knowledge of mechanisms of GC action has resulted in exploration of numerous approaches to optimize treatments with these important drugs. All these approaches ultimately aim to answer one underlying salient question: How can we optimize treatments with GC? It is important to establish the sensible approaches in order to reach this aim. There are essentially three viable approaches currently available: (1) Improvement of current guidelines and recommendations on optimal use of these drugs based on existing knowledge. (2) Clinical trials conducted to determine optimal use of GC treatment (such as in combination with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs). (3) Development of novel, improved GC drugs (such as a chronotherapeutic formulation of prednisone (termed modified- or delayed-release prednisone), dissociated agonists of GC receptor (DAGR), or so called liposomal GC). <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> F. Buttgereit Grant/research support from: Horizon Pharma, Consultant for: Horizon Pharma, Mundipharma, Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Horizon Pharma, Mundipharma, Pfizer
Evaluation of Inhibition of Human Tumor Tissue by Cancer Chemotherapeutic Drugs With an &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt; Test&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Joseph A. DiPaolo, John E. Dowd
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)

An in vitro test system is presented that allows simultaneous testing of chemotherapeutic agents on human malignant tissue. Inhibition of dehydrogenase activity by the test compound is determined in an agar suspension of the homogenized tissue. Such a test system might be useful with biopsy material, since it allows selection of an agent, if any exists, that is effective on that particular material. Comparison of results with the use of normal and tumor tissue from the same patient demonstrated the topical toxicity of compounds. The fact that the most effective compounds were also the most toxic reaffirms the lack of specificity of these compounds for malignant tissue. From examination of over-all effectiveness at one concentration of drug, both compounds and tissue sites may be ranked: 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine was effective in the largest percentage, while N,N′N″-triethylenethiophosphoramide was least effective. Amethopterin, Nitromin, and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine were consistently the most effective compounds. Bone and connective tissues were most sensitive, and hemopoietic and lymphatic tissues least sensitive. Thirty-four tissues (11%) were not affected by any drug, and many tissues responded to only one or two drugs, which indicated the general resistance of most tissues to known chemotherapeutic compounds.
Bioassay Methods in the Development of Less Harmful Cigarettes: Assets and Liabilities&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: F Homburger
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Journal Article Bioassay Methods in the Development of Less Harmful Cigarettes: Assets and Liabilities Get access F. Homburger, M.D. F. Homburger, M.D. Bio-Research Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 48, Issue 6, June 1972, Pages 1833–1840, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/48.6.1833 Published: 01 June 1972
Interpersonal factors in the psychiatry clerkship: new findings
Authors: C S Orleans, J L Houpt, D B Larson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

The authors took an empirical approach to determining ingredients of a successful psychiatry clerkship. They collected measures of clinical, didactic, and interpersonal experiences throughout the clerkship and correlated these with a range of outcomes. Correlations showed that positive relationships with supervisors, fellow students, and patients were strongly related to favorable attitudes and opinions at the end of the clerkship and to improvements in self-rated clinical skills. Only outcomes related to formal knowledge were independent of these factors. These findings highlight the importance of structuring a positive interpersonal environment for the psychiatry clerkship.
PTU-220 Laparoscopic protack rectopexy for the management of full thickness rectal prolapse
Authors: A Karim, V Cubas, D McArthur
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Full thickness rectal prolapse (FTRP) tends to more commonly affect elderly women. Treatment options are surgical, either abdominal or perianal procedures; the latter have been preferred in elderly patients with comorbidity due to their perceived lower risk. However, recent advances in laparoscopy have enabled minimally invasive abdominal operations to be performed. Laparoscopic ventral rectopexy has been suggested as a safe option in the elderly cohort of patients; however, there is growing concern about mesh complications, and the operation takes well over an hour, even for surgeons with vast experience. We present a series of patients treated with "laparoscopic Protack rectopexy (LPR)" for FTRP. <h3>Method</h3> A consecutive series of patients presenting with FTRP were treated with LPR. The technique mimics that of suture rectopexy, with full rectal mobilisation from the sacral promontory to the pelvic floor followed by fixation of the lateral mesorectal peritoneum to the sacral promontory with 4–6 5 mm Protacks. Demographics, length of operation and stay, short and long term complications and functional outcomes were assessed. <h3>Results</h3> 16 consecutive patients with FTRP underwent LPR. M:F ratio of 1:15 with mean age 83 and ASA grades 1 (n = 1), 2 (9), and 3 (6). Mean length of operation was 27 min, range 13–52 mins. Median length of stay was 4 days. One patient had urinary retention after trial without catheter, but there were no other short term complications. Patients were followed up for median 6 months. There was one full thickness recurrence at 3 years in a 90 year old, subsequently treated with Delorme's, and one patient had a small mucosal prolapse managed conservatively. One patient reported worsening of constipation, although her predominant symptom preoperatively was incontinence that improved postoperatively, whilst 3 patients reported an improvement in continence. <h3>Conclusion</h3> LPR is a safe technique that can be performed quickly and effectively for patients with FTRP. It appears to have acceptably low recurrence rates and offers good functional outcomes to patients who have historically been treated with perineal procedures. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
PWE-428 Oesophageal ph/manometry – the trainees’ perspective
Authors: I Stasinos, S Birdi, S Jayakumar, J Jayasundera, P Sattianayagam
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Oesophageal disorders are among the commonest medical conditions.¹ Management of these conditions is a core competence in the curriculum of gastroenterology trainees.<sup>2</sup>British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines outline the uses of oesophageal pH/manometry assessment in establishing oesophageal diagnoses and targeting relevant treatments.¹ <h3>Method</h3> We aimed to assess the trainees’ knowledge and experience of oesophageal pH/manometry as per JRCPTB guidelines.² An anonymous survey of gastroenterology trainees in Kent Surrey and Sussex and North East London deaneries was carried out. A questionnaire was sent out twice over a one month period (November 2014) and responses were assessed. <h3>Results</h3> 23/70 (33%) completed the survey. 5/23 were in their 1<sup>st</sup>year of training, 4/23 in their 2<sup>nd</sup>, 6/23 in their 3<sup>rd</sup>, 6/23 in their 4<sup>th</sup>and 2/23 in their 5<sup>th</sup>. Training: 22 of trainees replied. No trainee had done research in the field. 13/22 (59%) trainees had teaching on oesophageal physiology at a regional training day at some point during their training and four of these had also attended lectures on this field at a national/international meeting. 1/22 (4.5%) had only attended lectures at a national/international meeting and 8/22 (36%) trainees had no training or education at all. 16/23 (70%) had read all or part of any BSG guidelines and 8/23 (35%) had read the BSG guidelines on oesophageal/pH manometry. Only 4/23 (17%) felt that their training in this area was satisfactory. Understanding: 16/23 (70%) trainees listed at least one indication for oesophageal pH assessment. Only 3/23 (13%) were able to list more than two indications. 15/23 (65%) would request manometry studies for suspected oesophageal motility disorders. 7/23 (30%) knew of its use as a pre-assessment prior to fundoplication. 15/23 (65%) knew that an oesophageal pH below 4 is indicative of significant gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and 5/23 (22%) were familiar with the DeMeester score. Technical ability: 17/23 (74%) had worked in hospitals with oesophageal pH/manometry facilities. No trainee had “hands-on” experience and only 4/23 (17%) had seen it performed at all. 21/23 (91%) said that they would like to further their knowledge and expertise in the area. 18/23 (78%) felt that it might improve job prospects. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Education and training in oesophageal pH/manometry is deficient despite this area being recognised in the gastroenterology curriculum and available in hospitals in the South-East. There is scope for improvements in both areas. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> British Society of Gastroenterology: Guidelines for oesophageal manometry and pH monitoring (Nov 2006)-K. Bodger and N. Trudgill Joint Royal College of Physicians Training Board (2010) – Higher Medical Training Curriculum for Gastroenterology
Quantitative Relation Between Growth of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor and Reduction of Liver Catalase Activity&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Lucké, Balduin, Berwick, Mary
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1954)

Journal Article Quantitative Relation Between Growth of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor and Reduction of Liver Catalase Activity Get access Balduin Lucké, Balduin Lucké Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mary Berwick Mary Berwick Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 15, Issue 1, August 1954, Pages 99–112, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/15.1.99 Published: 01 August 1954 Article history Received: 20 April 1954 Published: 01 August 1954
Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate
Authors: F Gaspari, N Perico, G Remuzzi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the standard measure of renal function and is critical for the diagnosis and management of renal diseases. Rigorous assessment of GFR requires the measurement of renal clearance of an exogenous marker that is freely filtered by the kidney, and that does not undergo metabolism, tubular secretion or absorption, such as inulin. While its clearance provides the most accurate method of measuring GFR, it is not suitable for routine clinical practice. Labeled compounds as alternative filtration markers, including 125I-iothalamate and 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (DTPA), provide accurate and precise GFR measurements, but their use may be limited for safety reasons. To avoid exposing patients to radiation, investigators have proposed clearance procedures using minute doses of non-radioactive contrast agents, including iothalamate (ionic) and iohexol (non-ionic). This approach provides similar accuracy to inulin clearance. The most important limitation of all renal clearance methods is that urine is collected by spontaneous voiding, stimulated by water loading, and thus subject to errors due to incomplete emptying of the bladder. Thus, plasma clearance of a suitable exogenous marker (51Cr-EDTA, 125I-iothalamate, iohexol) has been suggested for measuring renal function, in which the elimination rate of the tracer after a single intravenous injection is evaluated. Plasma clearance of these markers estimated by multiple blood samples provides more precise information, but repeated sampling makes this method cumbersome. To overcome this drawback, abbreviated kinetic profiles have been proposed to predict GFR from the plasma disappearance curve (elimination phase). On analyzing the data with a simplified method that uses a one-compartment model (six blood samples only in the elimination phase), corrected with the Bröchner-Mortensen formula, an excellent correlation was found with inulin clearance. This method is currently employed for measuring GFR in multicenter clinical trials.
PWE-013 Quality in endoscopy: a retrospective audit of image documentation in upper gi endoscopy
Authors: J Aldridge, L Burke, T Murugesan, V Appleby, D Vani, S Shah
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Quality assurance is an integral part of endoscopy with image documentation playing a fundamental role. The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Quality assurance Committee has generated recommendations for systematic image documentation. Adherence to these standards provides quality assurance and facilitates international multicentre collaboration. The aim of this study is to audit current practice of image documentation in upper GI endoscopy in a large district general hospital and explore any impact on procedure duration and patient tolerance. <h3>Method</h3> Retrospective analysis was performed on endoscopy reports for all upper GI endoscopies performed during a one month period in October 2014. Reports were accessed from the hospital endoscopy reporting system (HICSS) and analysed to compare image documentation with the eight anatomic locations as set out in the ESGE guidelines. The endoscopist’s specialty and image number, location and quality were recorded. Tolerance scores and procedure duration were also analysed. <h3>Results</h3> 551 upper GI endoscopies were performed. 516 upper GI endoscopy reports with 3526 images were analysed. 170 were performed by surgical endoscopists, 346 by physician endoscopists. 160 procedures (31%) had no images recorded. The mean number of images taken by surgeons was 3.6 (range 0–38) and physicians 8.5 (0–79). Image clarity ranged from 46% (GOJ) to 66% (duodenal bulb). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Image documentation during gastroscopy is inconsistent, with poor adherence to guidelines. In an era where demand for quality control in endoscopy is gaining force a consistent approach is essential. ESGE recommendations provide a framework for standardisation. We found no clear association between the number or quality of images taken and procedure duration or tolerance scores. We plan to re-audit following education to reassess standards. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Rey JF, Lambert R. ESGE recommendations for quality control in gastrointestinal endoscopy: guidelines for image documentation in upper and lower GI endoscopy. Endoscopy. 2001;33(10):901–3 Korman LY. Standardization in endoscopic re- porting:Implications for clinical practice and research. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1999;28:217-223 Sivak MV Jr. Endoscopy databases and endoscopic research. GI Endosc. 2000;51:243–244
The relationship between cancer patient treatment decision-making roles and quality of life (QOL)
Authors: P. J. Atherton, T. Smith, J. Huntington, M. Huschka, J. A. Sloan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

6075 Background: Failing to meet patient expectations for participating in treatment decisions impacts satisfaction with care, but it is unknown whether this translates into QOL deficits. As part of a larger survey of cancer survivors conducted by the American Cancer Society (ACS), data were gathered on the role patients in Minnesota preferred and the role actually experienced during the treatment decision-making process. Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with one of the ten most common cancers in 2000 completed a survey containing the Profile of Mood States (POMS), the SF-36, and the Control Preferences Scale (CPS). Fisher’s exact tests compared role preference distributions across demographic categories. Two-sample t-tests compared the POMS and SF-36 scores between patients whose preferred role preference was concordant with the role experienced and those with discordant preferred and actual roles. Results: 33% of the 599 consenting patients preferred an active role in treatment decision-making, 52% preferred a collaborative role, and 13% preferred a passive role. The actual roles experienced were 33% active, 50% collaborative, 17% passive. Over 88% of patients had concordant preferred and actual roles. Patients with concordant roles had higher SF-36 physical scores (45 vs 40, p=0.004), higher vitality (50 vs 42, p=0.005), less fatigue (70.2 vs 60.1, p=0.001), better concentration (84 vs 79, p=0.008) and better overall mood (77 vs 73, p=0.006). Role preference differed across gender (p=0.0002) in that more women preferred a collaborative role than men (57.8% vs 45.5%) and fewer women preferred a passive role (9% vs 17.3%). Patients under age 50 experienced more active roles in treatment decisions than those aged 50+ (p=0.04). Patients reporting an active actual role had higher SF-36 physical scores (p=0.005) and higher POMS vigor subscale scores (p=0.04). There were no differences in QOL scores for preferred roles. Conclusions: Patients who experienced discordance between their preferred role and their experience reported substantial QOL deficits in both physical and emotional domains. Oncologists can improve patient satisfaction with care and QOL by meeting patient expectations with respect to the amount of input they have in making treatment decisions. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
AB0627 Tuberculosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: Experiences from an Endemic Area in Southern China
Authors: Z. Zhan, D. Chen, L. Liang
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (TB) is a common opportunistic infectious disease and an important cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), especially in Asia. China has the second highest TB burden in the world, with an estimated prevalence of 108 TB cases per 100,000 individuals in 2010. Although TB is endemic in China, studies investigating the prevalence and clinical spectrum of TB in patients with SLE are scarce. <h3>Objectives</h3> This study aimed to describe the characteristics and risk factors for infection with TB SLE patients from Southern China and investigate whether serum procalcitonin (PCT) level in SLE patients is a predictor of disseminated TB. <h3>Methods</h3> This study involved a retrospective review of the medical records of 782 patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University between January 2009 and December 2012. Demographic and clinical characteristics, and laboratory, imaging, and therapeutic data were collected and assessed. <h3>Results</h3> 42 SLE patients experienced 56 episodes of confirmed active TB (cases: 32 females; 10 males). Accordingly, TB had a prevalence of 5.4% (42/782) in the study cohort. 31 (55.4%) of the 56 episodes were pulmonary TB, and 25 (44.6%) were extra-pulmonary TB. Among the 25 episodes of extra-pulmonary TB, TB meningitis (16.1%) was the most common, followed by TB pleuritis, TB lymphadenitis, articular TB, spinal TB, and TB peritonitis. Logistic regression multivariate analysis indicated that anemia [odds ratio (OR) =2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.2–6.2, <i>P</i>=0.02] and the dose of glucocorticoid (GC) (OR=1.03, 95% CI=1.01–1.06, <i>P</i>=0.02) were positively associated with the incidence of TB. 24 SLE patients experienced 27 episodes of disseminated TB (pulmonary miliary TB, n=13; pulmonary TB with concomitant TB meningitis, n=7; pulmonary TB with concomitant retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy due to TB, n=2; pulmonary TB with concomitant articular TB, n=2). Mortality was higher in cases with disseminated TB. Patients with disseminated TB had a significantly higher ESR and mean serum PCT level compared to patients with non-disseminated TB. In multivariate regression analysis, serum PCT level above the normal range was a predictor of disseminated TB (OR=56.0, 95% CI=1.7–1828.0, <i>P</i>=0.02). <h3>Conclusions</h3> SLE patients in Southern China are at high risk for TB, especially extra-pulmonary and disseminated TB. Anemia and the dose of GC were associated with the incidence of TB. Serum PCT level above the normal range represents a useful biomarker for the prediction of disseminated TB in SLE patients. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Spotlight: David Wood, MD, MSc, FRCP, FESC. A journey from a remote area of Scotland to the capital of the United Kingdom. Interview by Hannah Brown.
Authors: David Wood
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The death of an ambulance driver prompted David Wood, MD, MSc, FRCP, FESC, now Garfield Weston Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine at Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, to pursue cardiology as a career.