tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Partial Epilepsy
Authors: Donald L. Schomer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

EPILEPSY was defined by John Hughlings Jackson1 as a sudden, excessive, rapid, and localized electrical discharge by gray matter from some part of the brain. This definition is still accepted today with respect to partial (or focal-onset) seizures. The physiologic phenomenon associated with partial seizures is the paroxysmal depolarization2 , 3 of the neuronal membrane in a local group of neurons, which corresponds temporally to the finding of a focal spike and wave complex on the electroencephalogram. This mechanism differs from those proposed in the primary (or generalized) types of epilepsy, with or without tonic or clonic phases or absences. In the . . .
Combined-Modality Therapy With Radiation and Chemotherapy for Elderly Patients With Glioblastoma in the Temozolomide Era
Authors: Chad G. Rusthoven, Matthew Koshy, David J. Sher, Douglas E. Ney, Laurie E. Gaspar, Bernard L. Jones, Sana D. Karam, Arya Amini, D. Ryan Ormond, A. Samy Youssef, Brian D. Kavanagh
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

The optimal management for elderly patients with glioblastoma (GBM) is controversial. Following maximal safe resection or biopsy, accepted treatment paradigms for elderly patients with GBM include combined-modality therapy (CMT) with both radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT), RT alone, and CT alone.To evaluate the overall survival (OS) outcomes associated with RT, CT, and CMT for elderly patients with GBM in the modern temozolomide era.In this retrospective cohort study of a prospectively maintained, multi-institutional national cancer registry, the National Cancer Database was queried for elderly patients (≥65 years) with newly diagnosed GBM from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2011, with complete data sets for RT, CT, tumor resection, Charlson-Deyo comorbidity scores, age, sex, and year of diagnosis. Data analysis was performed from October 2015 through December 2015.Combined-modality therapy, RT, CT.Survival by treatment cohort was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed using the log rank test, univariate and multivariate Cox models, and propensity score-matched analyses.A total of 16 717 patients (median [range] age, 73 [65-≥90 y]; 8870 [53%] male) were identified. The median OS by treatment was 9.0 (95% CI, 8.8-9.3) months with CMT (8435 patients), 4.7 (95% CI, 4.5-5.0) months with RT alone (1693 patients), 4.3 (95% CI, 4.0-4.7) months with CT alone (1018 patients), and 2.8 (95% CI, 2.8-2.9) months with no therapy (5571 patients) (P < .001). On multivariate analysis, CMT was superior to both CT alone (hazard ratio, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.40-1.60]; P < .001) and RT alone (hazard ratio, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.39-1.55]; P < .001), whereas no differences were observed between CT alone vs RT alone (P = .60). Propensity score-matched analyses redemonstrated improved OS with CMT over CT alone (P = .002) and RT alone (P < .001); no differences were observed between CT alone vs RT alone (P = .44). On subgroup analyses, a consistent OS advantage was observed with CMT over both CT alone and RT alone across each age stratification (65-69, 70-74, 75-79, and ≥80 years) and among patients treated with or without tumor resection (all P < .001).In this analysis of multimodality therapy for elderly patients with GBM, OS was superior with CMT compared with CT alone and RT alone. Survival was similar between CT alone and RT alone, and both CT alone and RT alone were superior to no therapy. This analysis supports the use of CMT for suitable elderly candidates.
Abstract A12: Chronic Coartem treatment and hepatocarcinogenesis in male Wistars rat
Authors: Martins A. Aloba, Fisayo A. Olotu, Oyeronke A. Odunola, Michael A. Gbadegesin, Solomon E. Owumi
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Coartem (CA) artemether/lumefantrine) is a combination therapy widely used in sub-Saharan Africa in managing uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum-induced malaria. According to manufacturer’s literature, no long-term carcinogenicity studies have been carried out on CA. Therapy with CA places a burden on hepatic metabolism, accumulation of its metabolites (dihyroartemisinin, desbutyl-lumefantrine) induces hepatotoxicity, altering hepatic functions and formation of DNA adducts that may have implication in hepatocarcinogenesis. Wistar rats (n=20) were treated with CA (1, 3 and 5mg/kg) twice daily, thrice weekly for 40 consecutive days exhibited symptoms such as sneezing, lethargy with no effects on final body weight, relative liver weight or mortality during the study. Histopathological examination of treated rats’ liver revealed mild portal cellular infiltration in the group administered 1mg/kg Coartem. There was mild Kupffer cells hyperplasia in the rats that received 3mg/kg Coartem and mild to moderate portal mononuclear cellular infiltration in the group that received 5mg/kg. In addition, there was severe portal congestion and hyperplasia of the bile duct, which made the portal triad very prominent. These observations were in contrast to the negative control group with no macro /microscopic visible lesion. Serum levels of hepatotoxicity markers (γ-glutamyl-, alanine amino-, aspartate amino- transferases and alkaline phosphatase) in CA treated group showed no significant difference (p&amp;gt;0.05) compared with controls. Means of urea, creatinine (in whole blood), albumin and total protein (liver homogenate) of the CA administered group were not different (p&amp;gt;0.05) compared with controls. CA treatment dose dependently increased the formation of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mPCEs) in rat bone marrow cells. Although this was not statistically significant (p&amp;gt;0.05) for the various doses of CA administered when compared with control groups. Taken together, CA treatment (1, 3 and 5mg/kg body) for a period of 40 days had no hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effect. Although prolonged administration may likely be toxic, Kupffer cell hyperplasia mild to moderate portal cellular infiltration of hepatic sinusoid may exacerbate drug-induced hepatocarcinogenesis over a prolonged treatment period as observed in this study. Longer-term chronic studies for 80-120 are being investigated. Citation Format: Martins A. Aloba, Fisayo A. Olotu, Oyeronke A. Odunola, Michael A. Gbadegesin, Solomon E. Owumi. Chronic Coartem treatment and hepatocarcinogenesis in male Wistars rat. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2015 Oct 23-26; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A12.
Abstract P4-02-13: The pattern of tumor shrinkage is associated with prognosis in low grade luminal early breast cancer during neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: I Fukada, K Araki, K Kobayashi, N Gomi, R Horii, F Akiyama, S Takahashi, T Iiwase, S Ohno, Y Ito
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract BACKGROUND: In neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for early breast cancer, the pathological response rate in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors has been low in comparison with those of ER-negative tumors. Therefore, surrogate makers other than the pCR rate are needed during NAC for luminal breast cancer. Using MRI, we analyzed the patterns of tumor shrinkage after NAC as a surrogate prognostic factor in low grade luminal breast cancer. METHODS: Of 854 patients who had received NAC in a single institute from Jan. 2000 to Dec. 2009, 183 patients with low grade luminal breast cancer were retrospectively evaluated for this study. They were defined as ER and/or PgR positive in more than 10% of cancer cells and HER2 negative (IHC 0, 1+ or FISH &amp;lt;2.0) with nuclear grade 1 and 2. RESULTS: The median observation period was 67.9 months following surgery, and recurrence was observed in 31 patients (16.9%). The median age was 49 (22-76) years. One hundred eighty patients received anthracycline-containing chemotherapy, and 158 received taxane. There were 16 deaths (8.7%) related to breast cancer. We categorized the patterns of tumor shrinkage by MRI into 6 types: concentric shrinkage (CS), diffuse decrease (DD), reduction to small foci (RSF), decrease of intensity only (DIO), no change (NC), and enlargement (EL). According to our categorization, CS occurred in 97 (53.0%), RSF in 7 (3.8%), DD in 62 (33.9%), DIO in 7 (3.8%), NC in 5 (2.7%), and EL in 5 (2.7%). As expected, there were statistically significant differences in both the median DFS and OS in each pattern of tumor shrinkage (p &amp;lt;0.001 and p=0.001, respectively); in particular, the CS pattern had excellent prognosis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that concentric shrinkage was the only significant good prognostic factor for OS (p=0.015). CONCLUSIONS: Tumor shrinkage patterns as revealed by MRI could be important surrogate prognostic factors for NAC in early low grade luminal breast cancer. Citation Format: Fukada I, Araki K, Kobayashi K, Gomi N, Horii R, Akiyama F, Takahashi S, Iiwase T, Ohno S, Ito Y. The pattern of tumor shrinkage is associated with prognosis in low grade luminal early breast cancer during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-02-13.
Chest and neck pain in a 22 year old woman
Authors: David C Howlett, Joseph Dalby Sinnott
Journal: BMJ (2016)

A 22 year old woman was referred to the emergency department by her general practitioner owing to severe chest pain that was now radiating to her neck. The pain has been worsening over the past 24 hours. It first started when she was eating fish at a seafood restaurant. What does the lateral soft …
Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology heart failure nurse curriculum
Authors: Jillian P. Riley, Felicity Astin, Marisa G. Crespo‐Leiro, Christi M. Deaton, Jens Kienhorst, Ekaterini Lambrinou, Theresa A. McDonagh, Claire A. Rushton, Anna Stromberg, Gerasimos Filippatos, Stefan D. Anker
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2016)
Are nausea and vomiting guidelines changing our practice?
Authors: Auro del Giglio, Monique Sedlmaier Franca, Pedro Luiz Serrano Uson, Yuri Phillipe Pimentel Antunes, Bernard Lobato Prado, Carlos Donnarumma, Taciana Sousa Mutao, Heloisa Veasey Rodrigues
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e20697 Background: Some of the most feared chemo-induced side effects are nausea and vomiting. Guidelines were proposed by several medical societies aiming to standardize the management of it. Methods: In order to evaluate adherence to the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) current guideline of chemo-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) at our institution, we retrospectively assessed 139 chemotherapy infusion charts of 105 consecutive patients who received emetogenic chemotherapy at Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (São Paulo, Brazil). Results: We observed 78% of non-adherence rate to ASCO guideline. The main causes for non-adherence were the prescription of higher doses of dexamethasone and the inappropriate higher use of 5-HT3 antagonist for low emetogenic risk chemotherapy regimens. By univariate analysis, hematologic malignancies (p=0.005), the use of two or more chemotherapics (p=0.05) and high emetogenic risk regimens (p=0.012) were statistically significant factors for guidelines adherence. Treatment based on paclitaxel was the only statistically significant factor for guideline non-adherence (p=0.02). By multivariate analysis, only high emetogenic risk chemotherapy correlated with ASCO guideline adhesion (p=0.05). Conclusions: We conclude that there was a higher tendency to adherence for high risk emetogenic chemotherapy. Educational efforts should focus more intensively on the management of low and moderate emetogenic risk chemotherapy regimens. Perhaps, the development of computed generated reminders may improve guidelines adherence.
Epidemiology and Reporting Characteristics of Systematic Reviews of Biomedical Research: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Matthew J. Page, Larissa Shamseer, Douglas G. Altman, Jennifer Tetzlaff, Margaret Sampson, Andrea C. Tricco, Ferrán Catalá-López, Lun Li, Emma K. Reid, Rafael Sarkis-Onofre, David Moher
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2016)

Background Systematic reviews (SRs) can help decision makers interpret the deluge of published biomedical literature. However, a SR may be of limited use if the methods used to conduct the SR are flawed, and reporting of the SR is incomplete. To our knowledge, since 2004 there has been no cross-sectional study of the prevalence, focus, and completeness of reporting of SRs across different specialties. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the epidemiological and reporting characteristics of a more recent cross-section of SRs. Methods and Findings We searched MEDLINE to identify potentially eligible SRs indexed during the month of February 2014. Citations were screened using prespecified eligibility criteria. Epidemiological and reporting characteristics of a random sample of 300 SRs were extracted by one reviewer, with a 10% sample extracted in duplicate. We compared characteristics of Cochrane versus non-Cochrane reviews, and the 2014 sample of SRs versus a 2004 sample of SRs. We identified 682 SRs, suggesting that more than 8,000 SRs are being indexed in MEDLINE annually, corresponding to a 3-fold increase over the last decade. The majority of SRs addressed a therapeutic question and were conducted by authors based in China, the UK, or the US; they included a median of 15 studies involving 2,072 participants. Meta-analysis was performed in 63% of SRs, mostly using standard pairwise methods. Study risk of bias/quality assessment was performed in 70% of SRs but was rarely incorporated into the analysis (16%). Few SRs (7%) searched sources of unpublished data, and the risk of publication bias was considered in less than half of SRs. Reporting quality was highly variable; at least a third of SRs did not report use of a SR protocol, eligibility criteria relating to publication status, years of coverage of the search, a full Boolean search logic for at least one database, methods for data extraction, methods for study risk of bias assessment, a primary outcome, an abstract conclusion that incorporated study limitations, or the funding source of the SR. Cochrane SRs, which accounted for 15% of the sample, had more complete reporting than all other types of SRs. Reporting has generally improved since 2004, but remains suboptimal for many characteristics. Conclusions An increasing number of SRs are being published, and many are poorly conducted and reported. Strategies are needed to help reduce this avoidable waste in research.
Patient Access to Physician Notes Is Gaining Momentum
Authors: Julie A. Jacob
Journal: JAMA (2016)

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Abstract B1-46: How collection, processing and storage of PBL samples impact the measurement of telomerase activity
Authors: Ruth A. Johnson, Brooke R. Druliner, Jill Washechek Alleto, Donna Felmlee Devine, Xiaoyang Ruan, Russell Vanderboom, Lisa A. Boardman
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Introduction: Activation of telomerase and telomere lengthening in patient peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) is associated with longer survival in cancer patients. There are few studies to date that have measured telomerase activity in clinical PBL samples, and it is unclear how initial collection and processing of PBL samples impact the measurement of telomerase activity. In this study, we assessed if telomerase activity measurement varies based on the method of blood collection, processing and storage. Methods: We first collected whole blood drawn in EDTA tubes from two healthy patients that were then processed three different ways. The first whole blood sample was spun down and the buffy coat was pipetted from the top of the red blood cells, and then placed directly into the -80°C freezer. The next two whole blood samples were isolated using an ACCUSPIN™ tube, which utilizes density gradient separation to recover the PBL without contamination of red blood cells. The resulting PBL from these two samples were suspended in freezing media containing RPMI and DMSO, with one sample also containing penicillin streptomycin glutamine, and then both samples were stored in liquid nitrogen following a slow freeze. We then measured enzymatic telomerase activity in each of the three PBL samples from the two different patients. Results: We detected a comparable level of telomerase activity in all three PBL samples. These findings indicate that telomerase activity can be measured in buffy coat samples from patients independent of how the samples were processed and stored. Conclusions: These findings are important because many biorepositories may not have collected or processed PBL samples by identical processes, therefore not allowing direct comparison across samples. Additionally, our finding that telomerase activity levels are comparable between PBL samples containing red blood cells and those processed using an ACCUSPIN™ tube is valuable because it eliminates the necessity for the extra cost of the ACCUSPIN™ tube, freezing media, antibiotics and use of liquid nitrogen storage tanks. Future studies will focus on the determining the relationship of telomerase activity between the PBL, normal colon and cancer tissue in colorectal cancer patients. Citation Format: Ruth A. Johnson, Brooke R. Druliner, Jill Washechek Alleto, Donna Felmlee Devine, Xiaoyang Ruan, Russell Vanderboom, Lisa A. Boardman. How collection, processing and storage of PBL samples impact the measurement of telomerase activity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Computational and Systems Biology of Cancer; Feb 8-11 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 2):Abstract nr B1-46.
Does vacuuming or a placebo mattress-cover effect the der-p-1 level in mattresses?
Authors: J.M. Donkers, S.G.M. Cloosterman, I.D. Bijl-Hofland, C.P. van Schayck, S. van der Heide, C.L.A. van Herwaarden
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)
Present and future utility of computed tomography scanning in the assessment and management of COPD
Authors: Kristoffer Ostridge, Tom M.A. Wilkinson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

Computed tomography (CT) is the modality of choice for imaging the thorax and lung structure. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), it used to recognise the key morphological features of emphysema, bronchial wall thickening and gas trapping. Despite this, its place in the investigation and management of COPD is yet to be determined, and it is not routinely recommended. However, lung CT already has important clinical applications where it can be used to diagnose concomitant pathology and determine which patients with severe emphysema are appropriate for lung volume reduction procedures. Furthermore, novel quantitative analysis techniques permit objective measurements of pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations of the disease. These techniques can give important insights into COPD, and help explore the heterogeneity and underlying mechanisms of the condition. In time, it is hoped that these techniques can be used in clinical trials to help develop disease-specific therapy and, ultimately, as a clinical tool in identifying patients who would benefit most from new and existing treatments. This review discusses the current clinical applications for CT imaging in COPD and quantification techniques, and its potential future role in stratifying disease for optimal outcome.
Morning versus evening bright light treatment of late luteal phase dysphoric disorder
Authors: B L Parry, S L Berga, N Mostofi, P A Sependa, D F Kripke, J C Gillin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

Six women with late luteal phase dysphoric disorder had a significant reduction in depression ratings after treatment with evening, but not morning, bright light. Bright light may offer an alternative to the pharmacologic treatment of premenstrual mood disorders.
Laterality of auditory hallucinations in psychiatric patients
Authors: L N Gruber, B S Mangat, H Abou-Taleb
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

Twenty-nine of 54 subjects with auditory hallucinations were able, when asked, to localize the voices to the left or right ear. Subjects who heard voices on the right were found to be significantly more depressed than the others.
Impact of Ejection Fraction and Aortic Valve Gradient on Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Suzanne J. Baron, Suzanne V. Arnold, Howard C. Herrmann, David R. Holmes, Wilson Y. Szeto, Keith B. Allen, Adnan K. Chhatriwalla, Sreekaanth Vemulapali, Sean O’Brien, Dadi Dai, David J. Cohen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Long-Term Follow-up of Asthma
Authors: Virginia R G Bachrach, Per Nafstad, Wendy Oddy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

to the editor: The article by Sears et al. (Oct. 9 issue), 1 as well as the accompanying editorial by Martinez, 2 emphasizes the important contribution of early childhood experiences to the burden of asthma in adults in Dunedin, New Zealand, but fails to remark on the protective effect of breast-feeding on this disease. This omission appears to be a result of the method used to measure breast-feeding. According to an earlier report, 3 the Dunedin study contains information on the duration of any breast-feeding, and more than half the women who initiated any breast-feeding (as compared with exclusive breastfeeding) weaned their infants by the time they were three months old. We ask the authors to provide any available data on breast-feeding.
Two cases of Zika fever imported from French Polynesia to Japan, December 2013 to January 2014
Authors: S Kutsuna, Y Kato, T Takasaki, M L Moi, A Kotaki, H Uemura, T Matono, Y Fujiya, M Mawatari, N Takeshita, K Hayakawa, S Kanagawa, N Ohmagari
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

We present two cases of imported Zika fever to Japan, in travellers returning from French Polynesia, where an outbreak due to Zika virus (ZIKV) is ongoing since week 41 of 2013. This report serves to raise awareness among healthcare professionals, that the differential diagnosis of febrile and subfebrile patients with rash should include ZIKV infection, especially in patients returning from areas affected by this virus.