tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ED-09 * TANCYTIC EPENDYMOMA: PRESENTATION OF A RARE CYSTIC DISEASE VARIANT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: F. M. Ippen, R. Pfannl, R. Rojas, A. Mahadevan, E. Kasper
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Tanycytic ependymoma is a rare variant of ependymoma and treatment guidelines are not established. We conduct a systematic review of the literature to show management options for patients with tanycytic ependymoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a Pubmed- and hand search to identify patients with pathologically confirmed tanycytic ependymoma. Symptoms, radiological and pathological findings as well as treatment modalities and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: 38 studies involving a total of 57 patients were retrieved. Most of the tanycytic ependymomas occurred in the spinal cord (45,6%), followed by lesions located in intracranial sites (40,4%) and only a few at the cervicomedullary junction (3,5%). There was no gender predelection (female to male ratio is calculated as about 1:1,3), with a mean age at diagnosis of approximately 34,9 ± 17,3 years. Surgery has been suggested offering a potential cure, but recurrence rates remain unknown. Radiation has been used after subtotal resection, but the effects of EBXRT have not been reported. The use of targeted chemotherapy has not been employed. We also present an illustrative case that was managed successfully with surgery without associated morbidity. CONCLUSION: This review on tanycytic ependymomas supports surgery as the initial treatment of choice for this rare tumor. Radiotherapy can be taken into consideration when total gross resection could not be achieved allowing prolonged progression free survival. Given the benign nature of this subtype of ependymoma, aggressive treatment modalities such as chemotherapy are usually not indicated.
Observations on the Clotting Defect in Amniotic-Fluid Embolism
Authors: Oscar D. Ratnoff, Gilbert J. Vosburgh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

AMONG the rarer causes of maternal death, pulmonary embolism by amniotic fluid has been the subject of considerable recent interest.1 In most patients with this disorder who survived the period of the delivery itself, hemorrhagic phenomena were noted before death.2 In these women, severe uterine hemorrhage was the rule, and in a few cases, a generalized bleeding tendency was evident.2 3 4 The nature of this hemorrhagic disorder has not been elucidated.Recently, at University Hospitals of Cleveland, a patient was observed in whom profound shock occurred about thirty minutes post partum. She died eleven hours later. At autopsy, emboli of amniotic . . .
AB0854-PARE Eating habits among participants of health promoting events
Authors: J. Grygielska
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Healthy eating is one of the conditions of healthy living especially in long-term conditions like rheumatic diseases. Traditionally Association of People with Rheumatism and their Friends was invited on health promoting picnics organized in Warsaw for inhabitants. Together with Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion of Institute of Rheumatology in Warsaw questionnaire on eating habits for parcitipants of events was prepared. <h3>Objectives</h3> Aim of survey was to recognize of eating habits among participants of health promoting events especially people living with long-term condition like rheumatic diseases. Another aim was to interest participants of events in their diet. <h3>Methods</h3> Participants filled questionnaire on the stand of Association. Everybody could win a tape for exercises. There was questionnaire with choose questions from categories proposed by authors. There were 9 questions about eating habits of participants and their opinion about connection between eating and quality of life. Four questions were about participant (age, gender, level of education, living with rheumatic disease). Survey was anonymous. Respondents participated in 2 different events – one for inhabitants of Warsaw district, second for older people. <h3>Results</h3> There were 83 questionnaires filled in majority by women (89%). In 86% respondents were in age of 50 years and above. Living with rheumatic diseases were declared by 70% of respondents – among them 74% with osteoarthritis and 31% with inflammatory arthritis (7 respondents have got more than one rheumatic disease). Almost all respondents (97%) have 3 or more meals daily – the biggest meal is during a day for 59% participants of survey. Respondents were asked which group of products are most often in their diet – they could choose 3 groups. They choose in majority: fruits and vegetables (63%), bread and cereals (61%) and milk products (58%). Other categories were: meat, fishes, beans and sweets. From the same categories respondents could choose one from which they can resign. The biggest group (47%) choose sweets. Asked about quantity of beverages 77% of respondents drink 4-8 glasses of liquids daily. Traditionally most often still water (68%) and black tea (64%) were drunk. Additionally 60% of respondents used diet supplements. Respondents were asked about connection between diet and quality of life in rheumatic diseases – for 94% of participants this connection exists. Majority of respondents declared that after diagnosis of rheumatic disease they change their non-healthy eating habits. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Participants of health promoting events are interested in their health. They know principles of healthy eating and recognize relations between diet and quality of life. Good understanding of influence of diet on treatment of rheumatic diseases needs more research on this field. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
P285 Beyond Care Bundles: The Development of a Structured Admission Model
Authors: C Thompson, A Robinson, P Duncan
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3></h3> Hospital admission for acute respiratory disease accounts for 40% of the cost of managing respiratory disease in the UK. Data from national and European respiratory audits suggest the quality of care received is highly variable, and in the UK only 50% of people admitted for exacerbation of COPD will be managed by respiratory physicians. Admission to hospital is a significant event for someone with respiratory disease and represents an opportunity for the patient to receive a comprehensive and high quality respiratory review and interventions. Through project work with five project sites a structured admission model was developed and implemented through service improvement and process redesign. The components of the model include: Appropriate and timely (within 3 hours of admission) access to non-invasive ventilation (NIV) Access to respiratory specialist within 24 hours Proactive identification and management of high impact service users Ensuring every patient receives the key aspects of care during their admission (e.g. smoking cessation, inhaler technique cheque, self management plan) Ensure patients whose admission is their first presentation receive a quality assured diagnosis Ensure medicines optimisation during the in-patient stay Ensure every patient who has an admission for exacerbation of COPD has active follow-up and case management. Ensure every patient admitted for exacerbation of COPD receives pulmonary rehabilitation following discharge. Many of these principles have long been accepted as best practise in respiratory care however the limited adoption of these factors indicates that barriers to implementation still exist. The project sites demonstrated that care bundles and checklists can be an effective way of achieving elements of the structured admission model with up to 80% of COPD admissions being managed through a care bundle approach. In addition the effective prioritisation of workloads to better match case load and demand on the service allowed more patients to receive high quality care and increased job satisfaction for staff. The achievement of high quality care for all patients requires organisational change and an integrated systems approach within hospital organisations.
Abstract 5286: A genetic selection system for microRNA targets identification and validation.
Authors: Nanjiang Zhou, Yin-Yuan Mo
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Overwhelming evidence has indicated that microRNAs can play a fundamental role in regulation of diverse cellular functions and dysregulation of microRNA expression could lead to a variety of disorders including human cancer. Although significant progress has been made in the past years in discovery of microRNAs and their biogenesis, and their role in many cellular phenotypes, it is not fully understood how microRNAs exert their cellular functions because a single microRNA can have hundreds of targets. Hence, identification of microRNA targets is a critical step toward understanding of molecular mechanisms of microRNA-mediated gene expression in normal and disease processes. Here we reported a selection system for microRNA target identification and validation. We used Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system to generate selection vectors. The first generation of SB-based vector is named pSSMT-5/6 which carries tetO-EF1a promoter driving GFP/or mCherry-T2A-Pu and tetR-Krab under CMV promoter. We examined the feasibility of these new constructs in 293T and HeLa cells. Using GFP or m-Cherry along with Pu (puromycin resistance) as a reporter, we found that the construct carrying either a given UTR or microRNA sponge provides a significant selection advantage over the vector alone. For example, we cloned 6 different UTRs into the construct and identified 3 of them, CDH1, p53 and p27, revealed stronger mCherry signals and are more resistant to puromycin. Thus, we will test our microRNA library to identify microRNAs capable of targeting these genes (i.e., one known UTR construct against the microRNA library). Together, these results suggest that this system provides proof of principle. In the future, we will generate a UTR library so that we will be able to test for an individual microRNA against the UTR library to identify its biologically relevant targets. Citation Format: Nanjiang Zhou, Yin-Yuan Mo. A genetic selection system for microRNA targets identification and validation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5286. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5286
OT2-05-01: An Open-Label Positron Emission Tomography Study To Investigate and Quantify Brain and Tumor Penetration of Carbon-11-Labeled Lapatinib in Patients with HER2−Overexpressing Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer.
Authors: RC Coombes, JA Reise, MR Lau, SC Carme, GE Searle, M Huiban, P Burgess, S Noibi, K Koch, F Sapunar, A Saleem
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Patients with HER2−overexpressing (HER2+) breast cancer tend to develop visceral metastases. About a third will develop brain metastases in the course of their disease. Several anticancer agents including trastuzumab are not believed to readily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB); therefore, central nervous system (CNS) disease progression is emerging as an important clinical problem in this patient population. Although preclinical data indicate that lapatinib brain concentrations are low in healthy animals, probably due to the BBB efflux transporters, observations from clinical studies suggest lapatinib treatment might be associated with reduced CNS tumor growth. One hypothesis is that disruption of the BBB by tumors circumvents the usual protective function of transporters. Alternatively, inhibition of efflux transporters by lapatinib enhances its own accumulation with repeat dosing. The role of lapatinib in prevention of brain metastases is currently being explored in a phase III trial, EGF 111438 (CEREBEL). Methods: To directly assess if lapatinib penetrates the brain and brain metastases, an open-label non-randomized study using carbon-11-labeled [11C] lapatinib is enrolling patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. A minimum of 10 patients with an ECOG of &amp;lt;3 are grouped into 2 cohorts: with at least one 1-cm diameter brain metastasis or without brain metastases. Two positron emission tomography (PET) scans will be performed in each patient following intravenous administration of a microdose of [11C] lapatinib: in lapatinib-naïve patients and at steady-state lapatinib, after treatment with unlabelled oral lapatinib 1500 mg once daily for 8 days. [11C] lapatinib time-activity curves will be generated for normal brain and brain metastases, the PET volume of distribution in the brain calculated and penetration of [11C] lapatinib into the brain quantified. Analysis of brain PET data is explorative as [11C] lapatinib is a new tracer. Therefore, this study investigates both the difference in lapatinib brain penetration between patients with and without brain metastases, as well as the effect of low and high concentrations of lapatinib on the BBB efflux system. The study is currently recruiting in one center in the United Kingdom. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-05-01.
Abstract 882: Serum Hsp27 levels may serve as a prognostic biomarker in patients with localized breast cancer: A preliminary report
Authors: Asit K. De, Sanjib Banerjee, Chuen-Fu Lin, Kristin Skinner, Linda Schiffhauer, James Peacock, Alissa Huston, Michelle Shayne, Jennifer Strickland, Lauren O'Donoghue
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Although there exist some prognostic biomarkers (eg, CA 15-3) for evaluation of responses to therapy in metastatic breast cancer patients, there is no reliable biomarker for early stage breast cancer patients. Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) has been reported as elevated in many human cancers of carcinoma origin. We have simultaneously tested serum levels of Hsp27 and CA 15-3 by specific ELISA in 49 untreated breast cancer patients (age→52.77±1.28) with early to locally advanced disease [Stage I (n=21), IIA and B (n=21), IIIA, B and C (n=7)] and 37 female controls (age→50.86±1.60). Hsp27 levels were significantly (p&amp;lt;0.0001) increased in these patients (894.76±116.45 pg/ml) as compared to controls (301.34±44.73 pg/ml). In contrast, CA 15-3 levels, the most characterized and frequently used prognostic biomarker for evaluation of metastatic breast cancer patients’ clinical responses to therapy, showed no increase in these patients (16.36±1.07 U/ml) as compared to controls (16.67±1.27 U/ml). Serum Hsp27 levels were modestly but not significantly elevated in stage III patients (1091.1±486.6 pg/ml) as compared to stage I (887.7±125.6 pg/ml) or II (836.3±188.8 pg/ml) patients. Similarly, serum Hsp27 levels were modestly (not significant) elevated in high grade patients (973.2±180.9 pg/ml; n=22) as compared to low (836.1±212.9 pg/ml; n= 15) or intermediate (824.1±230.1 pg/ml; n=12) grade patients. Although the serum Hsp27 levels were not significantly higher in Stage III or high grade patients as compared to early stage or lower grade patients respectively, post - surgery follow-up serum Hsp27 data are highly encouraging. We have followed 22 patients upto 12 months post - surgery (sample collection at pre-surgery, 6 and 12 months post-surgery). These patients’ pre-surgery Hsp27 levels (995.50±189.74 pg/ml) were significantly (p&amp;lt;0.0002) elevated as compared to healthy controls, but were reduced to almost control levels as tested at 6 (484.32±73.85 pg/ml) and 12 (490.49±119.70 pg/ml) months post-surgery. Thus, our data strongly suggest the possibility of using serum Hsp27 levels as a prognostic biomarker to evaluate clinical responses to therapy in early stage to locally advanced breast cancer patients. Work supported by ACS RSG-06-266-01-LIB awarded to A. De Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 882.
Inherited Complete Deficiency of 20-Kilodalton Homologous Restriction Factor (CD59) as a Cause of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Authors: Manabu Yamashina, Etsuko Ueda, Taroh Kinoshita, Tsuyoshi Takami, Akitsugu Ojima, Hiromasa Ono, Hiroshi Tanaka, Naomi Kondo, Tadao Orii, Noriko Okada, Hidechika Okada, Kozo Inoue, Teruo Kitani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

PAROXYSMAL nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a rare acquired disease caused by an unusual susceptibility of erythrocytes to the lytic action of complement. The abnormal erythrocytes are thought to originate from the clonal proliferation of bone marrow progenitors altered by somatic mutation.1 Erythrocytes from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria have been shown to be deficient in membrane glycoproteins, such as decay-accelerating factor (DAF)2 , 3 and a factor called either homologous restriction factor4 (HRF) or C8-binding protein5 (C8bp). DAF can inhibit the formation and induce the dissociation of C3 convertases of the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation.6 7 8 HRF/C8bp appears to limit the . . .
Plasma Prorenin Activity and Complications in Children with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Darrell M. Wilson, John A. Luetscher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Renin, secreted into the blood by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys, is derived from a larger precursor, prorenin. Plasma prorenin activity is increased in patients with insulin-dependent (Type I) diabetes mellitus who have microvascular complications of their disease. We undertook this study to determine prospectively whether rising prorenin activity can predict the development of complications in young patients with Type I diabetes.
Body-Mass Index and Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of U.S. Adults
Authors: Eugenia E. Calle, Michael J. Thun, Jennifer M. Petrelli, Carmen Rodriguez, Clark W. Heath
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) is known to be associated with overall mortality. We investigated the effects of age, race, sex, smoking status, and history of disease on the relation between body-mass index and mortality.
Abstract 315: Immune cells promote hepatocellular carcinoma stemness phenotype
Authors: Shanshan Wan, Linda Vatan, Diane M. Simeone, Ilona E. Kryczek, Weiping Zou, Theodore H. Welling
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cause of cancer-related deaths and recurrence rates can be as high as 50% following resection. Evidence in several tumor types suggests that cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to tumorigenicity, therapeutic resistance and recurrence even in the presence of anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, CSC phenotype may be influenced by tumor microenvironment. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether HCC stemness phenotype may be influenced by immune cell subsets. We have previously identified CD44 as a HCC-CSC marker as evidenced by enhanced tumorigenicity and sphere forming capacity in CD44+ HCC cells. To determine the effects of immune cells on HCC stemness, transwell co-culture experiments were performed using GFP-labeled HepG2 and T cells or monocytes/macrophages. The percentage of CD44+ HCC cells were increased during co-culture with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 activated T cells from donor PBMCs (n=9), suggesting that immune effector cells could enrich CD44+ HepG2 cells. In addition, CD44+ HCC cells were enriched during co-culture with HCC-associated macrophages (TAM) (n=3 HCC patients) or monocytes from healthy donor PBMCs (n=11). CD44+ HCC cells were positively correlated with TAM in primary HCC patients (R=0.69, n=12, p&amp;lt;0.05), suggesting a potential role of TAM in promoting HCC-CSCs. Concordantly, sphere formation capacity was increased in HepG2 cells following co-culture with monocytes. Furthermore, co-culture with HepG2 elevated IL-6 and IL-8 produced by monocytes. IL-6 and IL-8, when added exogenously to HepG2 cells, synergistically expanded CD44+ HCC cells and promoted sphere formation capacity. In conclusion, HCC stemness phenotype is expanded by T cells, HCC associated macrophage and monocytes, as well as cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8. These findings suggest that immune cell derived factors in the tumor microenvironment may contribute to HCC recurrence or progression by promoting a stemness phenotype. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 315. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-315
P5-19-03: Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel (ab-pac) Versus Docetaxel for First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC): Overall Survival and Safety Analysis of a Randomized Phase II Trial.
Authors: WJ Gradishar, D Krasnojon, S Cheporov, AN Makhson, GM Manikhas, A Clawson, P Bhar
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background We previously reported the results of a phase II study evaluating the efficacy and safety of 3 different dosing regimens of ab-pac and docetaxel for the first-line treatment (Tx) of MBC (Gradishar et al. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:3611–3619). Here, we report final overall survival (OS) and an analysis of safety and associated dose reductions (DRs). Methods: Patients (pts; N = 300) with previously untreated MBC were randomized to 1 of 4 Tx arms (table). A step-down statistical approach was used for pairwise comparisons of Tx arms. The trial was powered for antitumor activity and safety. Results: Tx arm C produced the longest OS (33.8 months) with an 11.6-month longer median OS vs arm B (HR 0.575; P = .008) and a 7.2-month longer median OS vs arm D (HR 0.688; P not statistically significant). OS data were consistent with previously reported investigator assessment of overall response rates and progression-free survival. Grade (gr) 4 neutropenia (np) was significantly less frequent in the ab-pac arms vs. the docetaxel arm (5-9% vs. 75%; P &amp;lt; .001). Febrile np occurred in 1% of each ab-pac arm vs 8% in the docetaxel arm. Rates of gr 3 sensory neuropathy (SN) were 21%, 9%, 22% and 12%, respectively, in arms A-D (P = .083). No gr 4 SN occurred. Median time to improvement to ≤ gr 2 SN was 20–22 days in the ab-pac arms vs 41 days in the docetaxel arm. Gr 3 fatigue occurred in 5, 0, 4, and 19% of pts in arms A-D, respectively. In arm C, best response was observed at cycle 2, whereas DRs due to toxicity occurred later, at cycle 4 (table). The percentage of pts dose reduced due to ≥ 1 Tx-related toxicity were 18%, 17%, 47%, and 28% in arms A-D. The median cycles at which DRs occurred were 7, 5, 4, and 3, respectively. Np and SN were the most common toxicities leading to DRs. Conclusion: Ab-Pac 150 mg/m2 qw3/4 resulted in a 33.8-month OS, a longer OS than historically achieved with taxane monotherapy in MBC. Within the 150 mg/m2 ab-pac arm, best response occurred at cycle 2, whereas DRs due to toxicities occurred at later cycles. These data indicate that dosing ab-pac at 150 mg/m2 on a qw3/4 schedule may allow pts to achieve a clinical response before emergence of dose-limiting adverse events. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-19-03.