tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Disseminated<i>Encephalitozoon (Septata) intestinalis</i>Infection in a Patient with AIDS
Authors: Caspar Franzen, Andreas Müller, Pia Hartmann, Matthias Kochanek, Volker Diehl, Gerd Fätkenheuer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

To the Editor: Disseminated microsporidian infections have been reported in several patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and hematologic dissemination is thought to be most likely.1 We describe an HIV-infected patient with disseminated infection due to Encephalitozoon (Septata) intestinalis. DNA from the parasites could be amplified from various samples, including blood, by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The patient was a 24-year-old homosexual man who had received a diagnosis of HIV infection in January 1995. In March 1996 he was admitted to our hospital because of diarrhea, a weight loss of 7 kg, abdominal pain, cough, and a . . .
INNOVATION Genomic-scale prioritization of drug targets: the TDR Targets database
Authors: F Aguero, B Al-Lazikani, M Aslett, M Berriman, FS Buckner, RK Campbell, S Carmona, IM Carruthers, Awe Chan, F Chen, GJ Crowther, MA Doyle, C Hertz-Fowler, AL Hopkins, G McAllister, S Nwaka, JP Overington, A Pain, GV Paolini, U Pieper, SA Ralph, A Riechers, DS Roos, A Sali, D Shanmugam, T Suzuki, WC Van Voorhis, Clmj Verlinde
Journal: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2008)
Should COPD stand for “comorbidity-related obstructive pulmonary disease”?
Authors: Don D. Sin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

The burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is enormous and growing. Currently, COPD affects 300 million people worldwide and kills more than 3 million people each year [1]. COPD exacts a large financial toll on society because it is the leading cause of hospitalisation in many jurisdictions in the Western world. In the USA, for example, which has a very robust population-based data, COPD accounts for 650 000 hospital admissions and 1.7 million emergency visits per year [2]. Because hospital-based care is very expensive, the costs of COPD care are staggering, estimated to be $101 billion per year in the USA [3]. These costs are expected to double over the next 10 years, owing largely to the ageing population. Regrettably, the current treatments for COPD are suboptimal and woefully inadequate to reduce the burden of COPD-related hospitalisations. Indeed, even with the "best" available therapies, one in 10 patients hospitalised with an acute exacerbation will die during their hospital stay and even among the "lucky" ones who survive, a majority will experience adverse effects related to corticosteroids, including hyperglycaemia, insomnia, hypertension and weight gain, and one in three patients will relapse, requiring another hospitalisation within 6 months of discharge [4]. These observations beg the question: why are COPD hospitalisations so difficult to treat and manage, and why are they associated with such poor health outcomes? There is a pressing need to diagnose and effectively treat comorbidities of COPD <http://ow.ly/Qw1dT>
The Effect of Celecoxib, a Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor, in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
Authors: Gideon Steinbach, Patrick M. Lynch, Robin K.S. Phillips, Marina H. Wallace, Ernest Hawk, Gary B. Gordon, Naoki Wakabayashi, Brian Saunders, Yu Shen, Takashi Fujimura, Li-Kuo Su, Bernard Levin, Louis Godio, Sherri Patterson, Miguel A. Rodriguez-Bigas, Susan L. Jester, Karen L. King, Marta Schumacher, James Abbruzzese, Raymond N. DuBois, Walter N. Hittelman, Stuart Zimmerman, Jeffrey W. Sherman, Gary Kelloff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis have a nearly 100 percent risk of colorectal cancer. In this disease, the chemopreventive effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs may be related to their inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2.
The Pathology of Leadership — Private Medical Practice — Scottish Porridge
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

IN a recently published book Dr. Hugh L'Etang1 has examined the effects of ill health upon the leadership of many of the statesmen and military leaders of the present century. In his introductory chapter he suggests that the literary sensation of 1966 was the publication of Lord Moran's diaries, with their detailed description of Sir Winston Churchill's illnesses. No other physician had written of his patients with such perception, humanity and literary skill. A short, idolatrous study with a few discreet medical details would have been widely acclaimed, but it was the "warts and all" approach that gave offense and . . .
20 Years of Advancing the Standard of Cancer Care
Authors: Robert W. Carlson
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

Conference: Advancing the Standard of Cancer Care, hosted at The Diplomat Hotel in Hollywood, Florida, March 12 through 14, marked a special milestone for the organization.It was not only the 20th Annual Conference, but also a celebration of NCCN's 20th year working to improve the quality, effectiveness, and efficiency of cancer care so that patients can lead better lives.We celebrated this milestone with an agenda comprising a multitude of experts throughout the oncology landscape, as well as exciting new developments in more than 15 cancer types and emerging therapies.This year's conference was a true testament to the magnitude of impact NCCN and its Member Institutions have had on the treatment of cancer care over the past 2 decades, and we present these Highlights as a synopsis of the proceedings in this special issue of JNCCN-Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network.The 3 days of the NCCN 20th Annual Conference included a variety of educational activities.For example, "Value-Based Decision-Making at the Bedside" used a roundtable format to explore tools such as clinical guidelines and pathways and the impact such tools have on clinician and patient decision-making at the bedside.
Terminal differentiation induction in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Todd A. Thompson, Dawn R. Church, Weixiong Zhong, Terry D. Oberley, George Wilding
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004

3852 

Induction of cellular differentiation has been proposed as a unique modality for prostate cancer treatment. However, it is unclear whether or not terminal differentiation, resulting in irreversible growth arrest, can be produced in prostate cancer cells. In this study, the effect of androgen exposure on terminal differentiation in the androgen-sensitive LNCaP human prostate cancer cell line was examined. A 4-day exposure of LNCaP cells to 1 nM of the synthetic androgen R1881 resulted in a G0/G1 growth arrest with no decrease in cell viability compared to untreated control LNCaP cells. LNCaP cells growth arrested by androgen exposure showed a 3.6-fold increase in cell volume, a 1.2-fold increase in intracellular calcium levels, and a significant change in cellular reduction/oxidation status (i.e., a 52% decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio), consistent with the development of a more differentiated phenotype. In addition, androgen exposed LNCaP cells showed a 2.2-fold increase in cytokeratin 18 protein expression, a marker of differentiated prostate secretory cells. An increase in the secretory activity of R1881 treated LNCaP cells was observed by a 7.1-fold increase in prostate specific antigen release. Also, an increase in intracellular granularity after androgen exposure in LNCaP cells, as determined by flow cytometric side light scatter analysis, was suggestive of increased secretory granules. Using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, a population of highly granular LNCaP cells was selectively collected and maintained in complete growth medium for 7 days without the addition of androgen. Compared to untreated control LNCaP cells and cells with low intracellular granularity, highly granular cells continued to release high levels of prostate specific antigen and were terminally growth arrested. These data suggest that prostate cancer cells can be induced to terminally differentiate, which may serve as a useful endpoint in identifying novel agents for prostate cancer treatment.
Use of angiopoietin-2 serum levels as a clinical surrogate for vascular normalization under bevacizumab treatment
Authors: V. Goede, J. Neuneier, G. Kayoko, M. R. Weihrauch, O. Coutelle, R. Schnell, T. Koslowsky, C. M. Wendtner, U. T. Hacker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

4133 Background: The combination of chemotherapy and the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab (BV) is the current standard treatment for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). Previous efforts to identify biomarkers that predict outcome after BV treatment have failed. Experimental data suggest that the clinical benefit of BV treatment is related to vascular normalization, i.e. the shift of chaotic and immature tumor vessels to a more mature organized state. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and -2 (Ang-2) are key regulators of vascular maturation. In this pilot study, we examined angiopoietin serum levels in CRC patients before and during BV treatment. Methods: A cohort of n=82 CRC patients was analysed for VEGF, Ang-1 and Ang-2 serum concentrations at the time of primary tumor resection (n=63) or prior to treatment with chemotherapy and BV (n=19). In 15 of these patients, serum levels of Ang-1 and Ang-2 were measured every 4 weeks during therapy for three months. Results: Ang-2 but not Ang-1 serum concentrations were significantly higher in CRC patients compared to 15 healthy volunteers (Ang-2 2,465±1,312 pg/ml vs. 1,813±844 pg/ml, p<0.021, Ang-1 29,226±12,527 pg/ml vs. 35,447±13,553 pg/ml, p=0.108). No significant differences were observed between CRC stages. Pretherapeutic Ang-1 and Ang-2 serum levels were not predictive for response to therapy. However in the course of treatment, in patients responding to therapy (n=10) decreasing Ang-2 levels (mean Δ -622 pg/ml) were observed whereas increasing Ang-2 levels were found in non-responders (n=5) (mean Δ +429 pg/ml, p=0.042). Compared to healthy controls, VEGF serum concentrations tended to be higher in CRC patients (330±299 pg/ml vs. 214±180 pg/ml, p=0.115). Although not significant, VEGF serum levels showed a trend towards increased values in more advanced stages. In accordance with published results, pretherapeutic serum VEGF levels did not correlate with treatment response. Conclusion: Ang-2 serum levels are significantly increased in CRC patients. Furthermore, during treatment with chemotherapy and BV Ang-2 levels fall in responders and rise in non-responders. We suggest that these changes in Ang-2 levels could serve as a clinical surrogate for vascular normalization under BV treatment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Donor-Derived Long-Term Multilineage Hematopoiesis in a Liver-Transplant Recipient
Authors: Robert H. Collins, John Anastasi, Leon Terstappen, Afzal Nikaein, Jiajia Feng, Joseph W. Fay, Goran Klintmalm, Marvin J. Stone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has been well documented in several recipients of liver transplants1–8. In this syndrome alloreactive cells from the donor attack the recipient's skin, gastrointestinal tissue, and hematopoietic tissue. Severe myelosuppression commonly results, but there has been a degree of recovery of hematopoiesis in some patients after immunosuppressive therapy. The recovery of hematopoiesis resulted from the recovery of the recipient's bone marrow in some cases,1,3 but it also could be due to the proliferation of hematopoietic precursor cells in the donor's liver, since the liver is a site of hematopoiesis in fetuses and, under certain circumstances, . . .
Unrecognized Vesical-Neck Obstruction in Women
Authors: Charles E. Jacobson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

MOST urologists are aware of the fact that vesical-neck obstruction in women exists, but not all, I believe, are aware of the fact that it is not an infrequent entity. Although no statistics are available regarding its incidence the condition undoubtedly occurs oftener than is ordinarily appreciated, and I have seen 4 advanced cases in the last two years. Caulk1 (1921), Nesbit2 (1933), Fite3 (1934), Thompson4 (1935) and van Houtum5 (1935) reported 1 or more cases, and Mirabile6 presented a case in 1942. The principal reason for the presentation of the following cases is not only to call attention to . . .
Benign and Malignant Tumors of the Small Intestine
Authors: Thomas W. Botsford, Roy E. Seibel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THE small intestine comprises the longest portion of the alimentary canal and yet receives small consideration in the diagnosis of intestinal tumors. The reason is the rarity of neoplasms in the small bowel. Such easy setting aside is in line with the attitude toward these tumors in general and can no longer be tolerated by the profession. Moreover, tumors of the small intestine are possibly curable in the early stages, and certainly the small bowel is heir to a variety of benign tumors that may cause symptoms. The diagnosis of the lesions is usually obscure, and until the physician entertains . . .
Case 37-2008
Authors: Edward R. Smith, Jay Loeffler, Madhusmita Misra, Stuart R. Pomerantz, Anat Stemmer-Rachamimov, Miriam D. Post
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Headaches developed when the boy was 12 years old and became progressively worse; they were associated with progressive vision loss, mood changes, worsening school performance, fatigue, cold intolerance, and weight gain. Examination disclosed bitemporal hemianopia, decreased visual acuity, positive Hoffman's sign on the right, no chest or facial hair, and mild obesity. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cystic lesion in the sellar and suprasellar region and a heterogeneous, destructive bone lesion at the base of the skull. A diagnostic procedure was performed.
S50 Understanding Heroin Overdose: A Study of the Acute Respiratory Depressant Effects of Injected Pharmaceutical Heroin
Authors: CJ Jolley, J Bell, GF Rafferty, J Moxham, J Strang
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> Opioids are respiratory depressants and heroin/opioid overdose is a major contributor to the excess mortality of heroin addicts. The individual and situational variability of respiratory depression caused by intravenous heroin is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to use advanced physiological monitoring to follow the time course and severity of acute opioid-induced respiratory depression. <h3>Methods</h3> 10 patients (9/10 with chronic airflow obstruction) undergoing supervised injectable opioid treatment for heroin addiction received their usual prescribed dose of injectable opioid (diamorphine or methadone) (IOT), and their usual prescribed dose of oral opioid (methadone or sustained release oral morphine) after 30 min. The main outcome measures were pulse oximetry (SpO<sub>2</sub>%), end-tidal CO<sub>2</sub>% (ETCO<sub>2</sub>%) and neural respiratory drive (NRD) (quantified using parasternal intercostal muscle electromyography). Significant respiratory depression was defined as absence of inspiratory airflow &gt;10s, SpO<sub>2</sub>% &lt;90% for &gt;10s and ETCO<sub>2</sub>% per breath &gt;6.5%. <h3>Results</h3> ETCO<sub>2</sub>% indicated significant respiratory depression following IOT in 8/10 patients, with levels increasing from baseline 4.7 (4.5 to 5.4)% to 5.4 (5.1 to 5.7)% at 30 min, p = 0.01. The median (range) peak ETCO<sub>2</sub>% per breath was 6.9% (5.2 to 7.8). In contrast, SpO<sub>2</sub>% indicated significant respiratory depression in only 4/10 patients, with small absolute changes in SpO<sub>2</sub>% from 96.5 (95.1 to 99.2)% at baseline to 96.2 (95.2 to 97.0%) at 30 min. A non-significant decline in NRD from baseline (109.5 (69.5 to 185.1) a.u.) to 30 min post IOT 84.3 (59.2 to 118.1) a.u., p = 0.12) was also observed. Baseline NRD and opioid-induced drop in SpO<sub>2</sub>% were inversely related (r = -0.67, p = 0.04). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Significant acute respiratory depression is commonly induced by opioid drugs prescribed to treat opioid addiction. Hypoventilation is reliably detected by capnography, but not by SpO<sub>2</sub>% alone. Chronic suppression of NRD in the presence of underlying lung disease may be a risk factor for acute opioid-induced respiratory depression.
Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia in a Four-Year-Old Child
Authors: Rea M. Schneider, Donald B. Nevius, Harold Z. Brown
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

IMPROVEMENT of diagnostic criteria during recent years has allowed the separation of several distinct entities from the large group of nonspecific diffuse lung diseases. One of the most recently described is the proliferative disorder of alveolar lining cells that Liebow, Steer and Billingsley1 have called desquamative interstitial pneumonia. We have recently seen a four-year-old child with this disease, and since the previous published experience has been limited to adults,1 2 3 we consider the diagnostic problems and therapeutic response of this case to warrant a brief report.Case ReportA 4-year-old girl was first seen October 27, 1966, because of rapid respiration . . .
Letting Nature Loose
Authors: Margaret Tempero
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2016)

Dr. Tempero is a Professor of Medicine and Director of the UCSF Pancreas Center, and the editorin-chief of JNCCN. Her research career has focused on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, especially in the area of investigational therapeutics. Dr. Tempero has served on the ASCO Board of Directors and as ASCO President. She co-directed the AACR/ASCO Methods in Clinical Cancer Research and taught this course and similar courses in Europe and Australia. She was founding Chair of the NCI Clinical Oncology Study Section (CONC) and served as a member and chair of the NCI Board of Scientific Counselors Subcommittee A. She is on the External Advisory Boards of the Pancreas SPOREs at Mayo Clinic and at UAB/Minnesota and the GI SPORE at the University of Arizona. She is, or has been, on the Scientific Advisory Boards of the Lustgarten Foundation, the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network, the V Foundation, The Alberta Canada Cancer Board, and the EORTC. She served as a member of the Oncology Drug Advisory Committee for the FDA. She has served as Deputy Director and Interim Director for the UNMC Eppley Cancer Center. She is Chief Emeritus of the Division of Medical Oncology at UCSF and served as Deputy Director and Director of Research Programs at the UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center. Letting Nature Loose
Safety and Tolerability of Lipegfilgrastim (Lipeg) and Pegfilgrastim (Peg) in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy (Ctx): an Integrated Analysis of 2 Studies Stratified By Age
Authors: I.M. Bondarenko, P. Bias, U. Müller, A. Buchner
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
End of life care still not living up to public and doctors’ expectations
Authors: Scott A Murray, Iain R Murray
Journal: BMJ (2016)

We need a renewed and shared vision and purpose

> To allow people the deaths they want, end of life care must be radically transformed11

As a society and as a medical profession we are apparently failing most people who die. Another report again calls for UK governments to prioritise and improve end of life care, particularly for those with non-cancer related illnesses.1 This latest detailed BMA report rates specialist palliative care for people with cancer as “excellent,” while stating that palliative care for other conditions can be “poor” and “could frequently do much better.” High quality care is not being delivered consistently.

There are many examples of good progress, but poor communication, poor coordination, under-resourced services in the community, and limited public involvement persist and are cited as reasons for these ongoing failures. Furthermore, the report highlights that overtreatment is increasingly not only harming dying people but also precluding the addition of a palliative care approach with good, realistic, and proportionate care.2

Why has progress …
Gamma Globulin in the Prevention of Infectious Hepatitis
Authors: David Yi-Yung Hsia, Maurice Lonsway, Sydney S. Gellis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

ALTHOUGH the value of gamma globulin in the prevention of infectious hepatitis has repeatedly been shown1 2 3 4 5 6 the minimal effective dose remains to be determined. The increased demand for gamma globulin as a result of its use in the modification and prevention of poliomyelitis7 8 9 10 has made it essential to conserve this material whenever possible. The present paper concerns the use of small doses of gamma globulin in preventing the spread of infectious hepatitis in family outbreaks. Its use in institutional outbreaks will be discussed later.11 Stokes and Neefe1 first demonstrated the value of gamma globulin prepared from pooled human plasma in . . .
Isotopic immunoglobulin: a new systemic therapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease.
Authors: S Hellman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1985.3.10.1293 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 4045521 Isotopic immunoglobulin: a new systemic therapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease. S HellmanxS HellmanSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1985.3.10.1293 PDF "Isotopic immunoglobulin: a new systemic therapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 3(10), p. 1293© 1985 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Association of Aprepitant and Palonosetron in Prevention of Acute and Delayed Nausea and Vomiting in High Emetogenic Chemotherapy Regimens
Authors: L. Livi, I. Meattini, G. Francolini, V. Scotti, S. Cappelli, I. Desideri, C. De Luca Cardillo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)