tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OP0215 Association of Cerebrospinal Fluid Anti-Sm Antibodies with Acute Confusional State in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: S. Hirohata, T. Yanagida, T. Yoshio
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Neuropsychiatric manifestation in systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is one of the most serious complications of the disease. Previous studies disclosed the strong association between serum anti-Sm antibodies and organic brain syndrome, consisting mainly of acute confusional state (ACS) of diffuse NPSLE, although the mechanism remains unclear. On the other hand, recent studies revealed the elevation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) anti-RNP antibodies in NPSLE. <h3>Objectives</h3> The current studies were carried out to explore the association of CSF anti-Sm with various subsets of NPSLE. <h3>Methods</h3> Paired serum and CSF specimens were obtained from 72 patients with NPSLE (49 with diffuse psychiatric/neuropsychological syndromes [diffuse NPSLE], 23 with neurological syndromes or peripheral neuropathy [focal NPSLE]) and from 22 control patients with non-SLE neurological diseases. Anti-Sm, anti-RNP and albumin in CSF and sera were measured by ELISA. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and intrathecal anti-Sm production were evaluated by Q albumin and CSF anti-Sm index, respectively. Binding of monoclonal anti-Sm to neuroblastoma cell lines SK-N-MC and Neuro2a was examined by flow cytometry. <h3>Results</h3> Anti-Sm and anti-RNP in CSF and sera were elevated in NPSLE compared with non-SLE control. Among NPSLE, CSF anti-Sm, but not CSF anti-RNP, were significantly elevated in acute confusional state (ACS) compared with non-ACS diffuse NPSLE or with focal NP-SLE (figure). Whereas there were no significant differences in CSF anti-Sm index among the 3 groups of NPSLE, Q albumin and serum anti-Sm were elevated in ACS compared with non-ACS or with focal NPSLE. Notably, CSF anti-Sm was correlated with Q albumin (r=0.2373, p=0.0447) or more closely with serum anti-Sm (r=0.7185, p&lt;0.0001) in 72 patients with NPSLE. Finally, monoclonal anti-Sm bound to the surface of neuroblastoma cell lines SK-N-MC and Neuro2a. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These results indicate that anti-Sm are constituents of anti-neuronal antibodies. More importantly, the data demonstrate that the elevation of CSF anti-Sm through transudation from the systemic circulation, due to both damaged BBB and increased serum anti-Sm, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of ACS. <h3>References</h3> Hirohata S, Kosaka M. Association of anti-Sm antibodies with organic brain syndrome secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus. Lancet 1994; 343:796. Sato T, Fujii T, Yokoyama T, Fujita Y, Imura Y, Yukawa N, et al. Anti-U1 RNP antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with central neuropsychiatric manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease. Arthritis Rheum 2010; 62: 3730-40. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1677
Abstract 1979: Sweet wormwood-derived artesunate causes cell cycle arrest in ovarian cancer cell lines
Authors: Anna Greenshields, David Hoskin
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Artesunate is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin, a natural compound from the herb sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua L). Artemisinin has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine while artesunate has recently been used as an anti-malarial drug. Artesunate is also cytotoxic to human cancer cells. Since the use of artesunate as an anti-malarial agent is associated with few adverse effects, artesunate may represent a less toxic alternative to conventional chemotherapy. This study investigates the effects of artesunate on ovarian cancer cell lines and the mechanism(s) underlying its activity. Methods and Results: Artesunate had a time- and dose-dependent growth inhibitory effect on all ovarian carcinoma cell lines examined (SKOV3, OVCAR3, IG-OV-1, HEY) using an MTT assay. Further examination of artesunate-treated SKOV3 and HEY cells using Oregon Green-488 and Annexin-V-FLUOS/propidium iodide staining indicated that artesunate had a strong anti-proliferative effect but was not cytotoxic towards the ovarian cancer cells. Cell cycle arrest occurred in the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle, and western blot analysis showed artesunate-induced changes in the expression and phosphorylation of a range of cell cycle proteins including the retinoblastoma protein, p21, and cyclin B1. Pretreatment with holotransferrin increased artesunate's anti-proliferative activity. Conclusions: These data show that artesunate possess a strong anti-proliferative activity in ovarian cancer cell cultures and therefore warrants further investigation as a possible treatment for ovarian cancer. Research supported by NSERC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1979. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1979
Results of Screening Colonoscopy among Persons 40 to 49 Years of Age
Authors: Thomas F. Imperiale, David R. Wagner, Ching Y. Lin, Gregory N. Larkin, James D. Rogge, David F. Ransohoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The prevalence of colorectal lesions in persons 40 to 49 years of age, as identified on colonoscopy, has not been determined.
Abstract 210: Metastasis-associated protein 1 is a transcriptional target of the tumor suppressor p53
Authors: Hyelin Na, Min-Ho Lee, Kyu-Seo Kim, Jung Weon Lee, Mi-Ock Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Although metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) is known to play roles in angiogenesis and metastasis in various human cancers, the molecular mechanism of regulation of MTA1 gene expression remains unclear. Therefore, we searched potential regulators of MTA1 expression in this study. Treatment of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a traditional anti-cancer drug in HepG2, MCF7 and LNCaP cells, expressing wild-type p53, decreased the protein and mRNA expression of MTA1. However, the MTA1 expression levels were not altered in response to 5-FU treatment in Hep3B, MDA-MB-231 and PC3 cells which lack functional p53. The specific knockdown of p53 in HepG2 and MCF7 cells recovered the level of MTA1 after 5-FU treatment. This observation indicates that p53 mediates the repression of MTA1. Next, we virtually analyzed the promoter region of the human MTA1 gene and identified several potential consensus binding sequences of p53. Indeed, chromatin immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays showed that p53 directly bound to the MTA1 promoter region. These findings suggest that p53 is transcriptionally associated with regulation of MTA1 gene expression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 210. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-210
Developmental and Neurologic Status of Children after Heart Surgery with Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest or Low-Flow Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: David C. Bellinger, Richard A. Jonas, Leonard A. Rappaport, David Wypij, Gil Wernovsky, Karl C.K. Kuban, Patrick D. Barnes, Gregory L. Holmes, Paul R. Hickey, Roy D. Strand, Amy Z. Walsh, Sandra L. Helmers, Jules E. Constantinou, Enrique J. Carrazana, John E. Mayer, Frank L. Hanley, Aldo R. Castaneda, James H. Ware, Jane W. Newburger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Deep hypothermia with either total circulatory arrest or low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass is used to support vital organs during heart surgery in infants. We compared the developmental and neurologic sequelae of these two strategies one year after surgery.
P86 The assessment of health related quality of life in sarcoidosis with the King's Sarcoidosis Questionnaire (KSQ)
Authors: A. S. Patel, R. Siegert, D. Creamer, G. Larkin, B. Gray, A. U. Wells, I. J. Higginson, S. S. Birring
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The King9s Sarcoidosis Questionnaire (KSQ) is a recently developed and validated sarcoidosis specific health related quality of life (HRQOL) tool comprising of 5 modules: general HRQOL (10 items), lung (6 items), medication/side-effects (3 items), skin (4 items), and eye (7 items). We set out to evaluate HRQOL in a large group of patients with wide ranging sarcoidosis and determine the factors that influence it. <h3>Methods</h3> 207 patients with sarcoidosis (89% lung, 26% skin, 22% eye, 29% other organ involvement) attending outpatient clinics at King9s College and Royal Brompton Hospitals completed the KSQ. KSQ domain scores range from 0 to 100, a higher score representing a better HRQOL. Demographic data, immunosuppressant medication, organ involvement, lung function, Scadding CXR stage, physicians global assessment (PGA) of severity of skin disease and visual acuity (VA) were recorded. <h3>Results</h3> Patients had a mean (SEM) age 48 (11) years, 54% were female and 30% were Afro-Caribbean. Patients had a mean (SEM) FEV<sub>1</sub> 80 (23)% predicted, FVC 94 (19)% predicted and TLCO % predicted 66 (17). HRQOL was impaired in all domains, mean (SEM) scores: general HRQOL 51 (2), lung 61 (2), medication/side-effects 49 (3), skin 54 (4), and eye 50 (4). Patients with 2 or more organ involvement compared to single organ involvement had worse general HRQOL (44 (3) vs 58 (3); p&lt;0.01) and worse medication/side-effects scores (44 (3) vs 58 (3); p=0.04). Female patients compared to males had worse general HRQOL (45 (3) vs 57 (3); p&lt;0.01) and medication/side-effects scores (41 (3) vs 58 (4); p&lt;0.01). There were no associations between HRQOL and age (r=−0.02 to 0.13) or ethnicity (p=0.42). There was a weak but significant relationship between lung HRQOL and FEV<sub>1</sub> (r=0.38, p&lt;0.01), FVC (r=0.38, p&lt;0.01) and TLCO % predicted (r=0.22, p&lt;0.01). Patients with Scadding CXR stage 3–4 disease compared to stage 0–2 disease had significantly worse lung HRQOL (51 (4) vs 63 (3); p=0.02). Skin health was associated with physician9s global assessment (PGA) of severity of skin disease (r=0.51, p&lt;0.01). Eye health was associated with VA (r=−0.56, p&lt;0.01). Patients taking immunosuppressant medication for sarcoidosis compared to those not taking immunosuppresants had significantly worse general HRQOL (45 (2) vs 66 (4); p&lt;0.01) and lung HRQOL scores (58 (3) vs 70 (4); p=0.01). <h3>Conclusions</h3> HRQOL is impaired in sarcoidosis. Gender, immunosuppressant medication, multi-system organ involvement and severity of lung function impact on HRQOL. This study provides further clinical validation of the KSQ.
The wing stent facilitates repeat bile duct cannulation for multiple stent insertion
Authors: M. Khashab, V. Singh, A. Lennon, S. Giday
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

The primary disadvantage of conventional plastic biliary stents is their short patency rate [1], as they are prone to biofilm buildup within the central lumen of the stent, resulting in impaired bile flow [2]. The wing stent (ViaDuct; GI Supply, Camp Hill, Pennsylvania, USA) was engineered to overcome this problem ([Fig. 1]).
Efficacy of Metformin in Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ralph A. DeFronzo, Anita M. Goodman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Sulfonylurea drugs have been the only oral therapy available for patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in the United States. Recently, however, metformin has been approved for the treatment of NIDDM.We performed two large, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, controlled studies in which metformin or another treatment was given for 29 weeks to moderately obese patients with NIDDM whose diabetes was inadequately controlled by diet (protocol 1: metformin vs. placebo; 289 patients), or diet plus glyburide (protocol 2: metformin and glyburide vs. metformin vs. glyburide; 632 patients). To determine efficacy we measured plasma glucose (while the patients were fasting and after the oral administration of glucose), lactate, lipids, insulin, and glycosylated hemoglobin before, during, and at the end of the study.In protocol 1, at the end of the study the 143 patients in the metformin group, as compared with the 146 patients in the placebo group, had lower mean (+/- SE) fasting plasma glucose concentrations (189 +/- 5 vs. 244 +/- 6 mg per deciliter [10.6 +/- 0.3 vs. 13.7 +/- 0.3 mmol per liter], P < 0.001) and glycosylated hemoglobin values (7.1 +/- 0.1 percent vs. 8.6 +/- 0.2 percent, P < 0.001). In protocol 2, the 213 patients given metformin and glyburide, as compared with the 210 patients treated with glyburide alone, had lower mean fasting plasma glucose concentrations (187 +/- 4 vs. 261 +/- 4 mg per deciliter [10.5 +/- 0.2 vs. 14.6 +/- 0.2 mmol per liter], P < 0.001) and glycosylated hemoglobin values (7.1 +/- 0.1 percent vs. 8.7 +/- 0.1 percent, P < 0.001). The effect of metformin alone was similar to that of glyburide alone. Eighteen percent of the patients given metformin and glyburide had symptoms compatible with hypoglycemia, as compared with 3 percent in the glyburide group and 2 percent in the metformin group. In both protocols the patients given metformin had statistically significant decreases in plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, whereas the values in the respective control groups did not change. There were no significant changes in fasting plasma lactate concentrations in any of the groups.Metformin monotherapy and combination therapy with metformin and sulfonylurea are well tolerated and improve glycemic control and lipid concentrations in patients with NIDDM whose diabetes is poorly controlled with diet or sulfonylurea therapy alone.
The sick child
Authors: T. Groves
Journal: BMJ (2012)

“One night seemed to roll into another. As parents we felt out of our depth,” writes the mother of an 8 year old with severe eczema in this week’s Clinical Review by M A McAleer and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.e4770). “Our other children felt neglected as all of our time was consumed by Aoife’s skin and creams, baths, and bandages, as well as washing clothes and sheets because they were soiled with blood. It was stressful watching her scratch herself to pieces and nothing we did or said could stop her.” Aiofe’s epilogue is, I’m glad to say, optimistic: “Now my skin is better I don’t have to worry about people laughing at me. I don’t have …
Restrictions on Use of Prescribing Data for Drug Promotion
Authors: Peter W. Carmel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

To the Editor: The American Medical Association (AMA) has dedicated substantial resources to an ongoing multiyear campaign promoting the Physician Data Restriction Program (PDRP), which gives all physicians the choice to designate their prescription data as off limits to pharmaceutical detailers. In their article regarding restrictions on the use of prescribing data for drug promotion, Mello and Messing (Sept. 29 issue)1 call into question the AMA's commitment on the basis of unfounded speculation that ignores the facts. Despite national publicity for the PDRP, physician awareness of the program has little effect on enrollment rates. Enrollment in the program is free, . . .
Abstract 442: Increased miR-let7c level indicates transition from localized bladder cancer to metastasis
Authors: Wei Meng, Arnab Chakravarti, Tim Lautenschlaeger
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose/Objective(s): MicorRNAs are a group of short ribonucleic acid molecules with an average of 22 nucleotides and play an important role in regulation of gene expression. Because the microRNA profiles of tumor are related to cancer development and prognostication, it becomes a new frontier of cancer research. The current tools for studying microRNA like microarray have limited dynamic range and poor sensitivity, and Taqman microRNA assay has higher sensitivity but limited number of microRNAs. The SOLiD system provides a sensitive and robust assay for discovery and profiling of novel microRNAs using sequencing by ligation. The aim of this study is to find key miRNA which can provide insights into the cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Materials/Methods: 12 bladder cancer FFPE samples were used in this study, including 6 cases of stage N0, 3 cases of stage N1 and 3 cases of stage N2. Total RNA from FFPE blocks was isolated by Ambion RecoverAll Total Nucleic Acid Isolation kit according to manufacturer's instructions. The concentration and quality of total RNA were examined by Nanodrop 1000 spectrophotometer. The small RNA was enriched by flashPAGE fractionation and the microRNA library was built using Ambion SOLiD Small RNA Expression Kit with the barcode system (Life Technologies, CA, US). 35 bp long reads were generated on the SOLiD (version 3.0) sequencing system (Life Technologies) and were analyzed by using the SOLiD System Small RNA Analysis Tool (Life Technologies). Results: Analyzed samples were from male caucasian patients with a median age of 63.5 years. Tumors were all grade 3 urothelial carcinomas. Patients had T1-4 and M0-1 disease. We examined global miRNA expression in bladder cancer FFPE samples, and SOLiD results revealed that the expression of 10 microRNAs significantly differed between N0 stage and N1/2 stage. miR-let7c precursor and mature miR-let7c were upregulated in samples from patients with lymphnode metastasis. A previous study from Leite et al. showed that miR-let7c expression was similar in matched FFPE and frozen prostate cancer tissue with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.927. Conclusion: miR-let7c expression is associated with the presence of lymphnode metastasis in high-grade urothelial bladder cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 442. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-442
1971-1991: Biological Therapy Moves From Bench to Bedside
Authors: F. S. Antoine
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article 1971–1991: Biological Therapy Moves From Bench to Bedside Get access Florence S. Antoine Florence S. Antoine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 8, 17 April 1991, Pages 530–532, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.8.530 Published: 17 April 1991
Leonine Facies: Lepromatous Leprosy
Authors: Claudio Guedes Salgado, Josafa Goncalves Barreto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

A 57-year-old man presented with a 7-year history of diffuse skin infiltration associated with sensory loss in his left hand. His face had multiple nodular lesions that coalesced into plaques, especially on the forehead, ears, nose, and lips.
Abstract 3767: Nicotine promotes acquisition of stem cell and epithelial-to-mesenchymal properties in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Authors: Michael A. Yu, Alan Kiang, Jessica Wang-Rodriguez, Elham Rahimy, Martin Haas, Vicky Yu, Lesley G. Ellies, Jian-Bing Fan, Kevin T. Brumund, Robert A. Weisman, Weg M. Ongkeko
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The ability of nicotine to enhance the malignancy of cancer cells is known; however, the possibility that nicotine could regulate a cancer stem cell phenotype remains to be well-established. In this study we sought to determine whether long-term exposure to nicotine could promote cancer stem cell-like properties in two head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, UMSCC-10B and HN-1. Nicotine treatment induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in both cell lines by repressing E-cadherin expression, and led to the induction of stem cell markers Oct-4, Nanog, CD44 and BMI-1, which was reversed upon ectopic re-expression of E-cadherin. Nicotine-treated cells formed spheres at a higher efficiency than non-treated cells, formed larger tumors when injected into mice, and formed tumors with 4-fold greater efficiency compared to control cells when injected at limiting doses. Consistent with previous literature, nicotine-treated cells demonstrated a greater capacity for survival and also a higher tendency to invade. Comparison of microRNA profiles between nicotine and control cells revealed the upregulation of miR-9, a repressor of E-cadherin, and the downregulation of miR-101, a repressor of EZH2. Taken together, these results suggest that nicotine may play a critical role in the development of tobacco-induced cancers by regulating cancer stem cell characteristics, and that these effects are likely mediated through EMT-promoting, microRNA-mediated pathways. Further characterization of such pathways remains a promising avenue for the understanding and treatment of tobacco-related cancers. Citation Format: Michael A. Yu, Alan Kiang, Jessica Wang-Rodriguez, Elham Rahimy, Martin Haas, Vicky Yu, Lesley G. Ellies, Jian-Bing Fan, Kevin T. Brumund, Robert A. Weisman, Weg M. Ongkeko. Nicotine promotes acquisition of stem cell and epithelial-to-mesenchymal properties in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3767. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3767
Abstract 1763: Quantitative gamma-H2AX immunoassay for pharmacodynamic monitoring anticancer cytotoxic agents
Authors: Yiping Zhang, Ralph Parchment, Joseph Tomaszewski, James Doroshow, Jay Ji
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Phosphorylated H2AX (gamma-H2AX) has been reported as a biomarker for DNA double-strand breaks and programmed cell death. We have developed a 96-well plate based ELISA test for quantifying gamma-H2AX with the lowest limit quantiation at 16 pg/mL. The gamma-H2AX immunoassay is a cell- free assay with chemiluminescence readout using one unique pair of anti- gamma-H2AX antibodies as a sandwich bracketing the gamma-H2AX antigen from cell lysis extracts. The high affinity antibodies used in the assay provide high sensitivity and specificity allowing simple cell lysis procedures for antigen capture from crude extracts. The gamma-H2AX quantitation is normalized based on either cell numbers or total protein through BCA assay. We have performed gamma-H2AX quantitation in selected NCI60 cell lines from nine groups of human cancers. The gamma-H2AX levels among the NCI60 cell lines ranged from undetectable (&amp;lt; 16 pg/ml) to 6325 pg/10 million cells with an average of 711 pg. The gamma-H2AX quantitation results from ionic radiation and topotecan treated cell lines, topotecan treated human PBMC and selected patient specimens will be reported. The applications of the assay include target discovery and drug screening with selected human cancer cell lines, preclinical development and pharmacodynamic evaluation with xenograft tumors and animal models under treatment of investigational drugs, as well as clinic testing for patient enrollment, regiment selection and therapy monitoring of anti-cancer agents involving in DNA replication, repair, cell cycle and apoptosis. Funded by NCI Contract No. HHSN261200800001E Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1763.