tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTH-230 Increased prevalence of bile acid malabsorption in patients with breast cancer and chronic diarrhoea
Authors: K Klimova, A Lalji, A Muls, J Andreyev
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Bile acid malabsorption (BAM) is has been increasingly recognised as a cause of chronic diarrhoea, and forms part of differential diagnosis of new-onset diarrhoea after pelvic radiotherapy. Its prevalence in patients with erratic bowel function after treatment for breast cancer has not been studied. <h3>Method</h3> Between January 2006 and September 2014, 108 patients with breast cancer were referred to our clinic due to gastrointestinal symptoms. Of those, 66 had chronic diarrhoea (intermittent on continuous type 6–7 stools on Bristol Stool Chart and increased frequency) and/or other symptoms. 23 of them were included in the study as they underwent a SeHCAT scan. The baseline characteristics, most frequent gastrointestinal symptoms and types and doses of cancer treatment received were recorded. <h3>Results</h3> The mean age was 59.95 (range 41–79) years, 14 patients had left breast cancer, 8 right breast cancer and 1 bilateral breast cancer. 20/23 patients received radiotherapy, 19/23 underwent surgery, all 23 were treated with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide 17/23, fluorouracil 14/23, epirubicin 13/23, paclitaxel 7/23, doxetaxel 5/23), and 9 with oral hormonal therapy. Their most frequently reported gastrointestinal symptoms were urgency (11 of 23 patients), abdominal bloating, frequency, loose stools and steatorrhoea (10 of 23 patients), abdominal pain (8 of 23 patients) and flatulence (7 of 23 patients). BAM was then diagnosed in 13/23 patients (56.5%). There were no statistically significant differences between patients with and without BAM in types of treatment administered, dose of chemotherapy or total radiation dose and both groups of patients had similar baseline characteristics. BAM was treated with low fat diet in 10/13 patients, and bile acid sequestrant colesevelam was added in 7/13 patients. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The prevalence of BAM in breast cancer patients treated with multiple therapy modalities and erratic bowel function is higher than in normal population. Further studies are necessary to establish possible aetiological associations for its development. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Andreyev J. Gastrointestinal problems after pelvic radiotherapy: the past, the present and the future. Clin Oncol. 2007;19:790–9
SAT0013 Molecular and Cellular Repsonses to Inhibition of JAK-STAT Signalling in RA Synovial Fibroblasts and Whole Tissue Explants
Authors: C. Orr, E. Linehan, W. Gao, K. Creevey, T. McGarry, U. Fearon, D.J. Veale
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a common, chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease, characterised by synovitis and progressive destruction of articular cartilage and bone. Janus Kinase and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT), a critical signalling pathway involved in inflammatory mechanisms, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of RA. <h3>Objectives</h3> In this study we examine the effect of Tofacitinib (JAK inhibitor CP-690,550) on pro-inflammatory pathways in RA using <i>in vitro</i> and <i>ex-vivo</i> culture models. <h3>Methods</h3> Primary RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFC) and whole tissue <i>ex vivo</i> RA synovial explant cultures were established from RA biopsies obtained at arthroscopy. Phospho-STAT3 (p-STAT3), phospho-STAT1 (p-STAT1), Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 (SOCS3) and Protein Inhibitor of Activated Stat 3 (PIAS3) expression were quantified by Western Blot in RASFC following culture in the presence of IL-17, OSM and IL-6. RASFC were cultured with IL-17, OSM and IL-6 in the presence or absence of Tofacitinib (1uM) and cytokine secretion in supernatants were measured by ELISA. Ex-vivo RA synovial explants were cultured with Tofacitinib (1uM) and spontaneous secretion of IL-6, IL-8, MMP3, Tie2, PIGF and bFGF were quantified in supernatants by ELISA or MSD multiplex. Finally conditioned media from control and Tofacitinib treated RA explants were cultured with RASFC and cell invasion assessed by Transwell Matrigel™ invasion chambers. <h3>Results</h3> IL-17, OSM and IL-6 induced p-STAT3, p-STAT1 expression and inhibited SOCS3 and PIAS3 expression in RASFC. Tofacitinib decreased IL-17, OSM and IL-6 induced cytokine production from RASFC. Tofacitinib inhibited spontaneous release of IL-6, IL-8, MMP3 and soluble Tie2 receptor from RA synovial explant cultures, with no effect observed for PIGF and bFGF. Finally, conditioned media from Tofacitinib treated RA explants inhibited RASFC invasion. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study demonstrates inverse expression of pSTATs and their negative regulators SOCS3/PIAS3 in response to pro-inflammatory mediators in RA. In addition Tofacitinib inhibits pro-inflammatory mediators and RASFC invasion, further confirming a role for JAK-STAT inhibition in the treatment of RA. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Melanoblasts in the Stroma of the Parathyroid Glands of Strain C58 Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T B DUNN
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1949)

Journal Article Melanoblasts in the Stroma of the Parathyroid Glands of Strain C58 Mice Get access Thelma B. Dunn, M. D. Thelma B. Dunn, M. D. National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 10, Issue 3, December 1949, Pages 725–733, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/10.3.725 Published: 01 December 1949 Article history Received: 13 October 1949 Published: 01 December 1949
Intradialytic modulation of granulocyte C5a receptors.
Authors: J Himmelfarb, N P Gerard, R M Hakim
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1991)

Hemodialysis with new cellulosic membranes is associated with profound granulocytopenia, with a nadir 15 min after initiation, followed by a rebound leukocytosis seen 1 h after initiation and persisting up to the termination of dialysis. The rapid reversal of granulocytopenia during hemodialysis has previously been ascribed to down-regulation of granulocyte C5a receptors. In this report, a method of characterizing C5a receptors by using a novel probe consisting of C5a attached to biotin via a six-carbon spacer chain is described. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis and cation exchange HPLC demonstrated a biotin-to-C5a ratio of 1:1. Analysis of granulocyte cell surface C5a receptors were performed with the probe with a fluorescein-avidin conjugate and by using fluorescence flow cytometry. The maximum decrease in C5a receptors was measured at the 15-min sampling time, when the number of C5a receptor decreased from 189,240 +/- 24,500 predialysis to 160,740 +/- 19,380 receptors (P was not significant) at the nadir of granulocytopenia. However, during recovery from neutropenia, granulocyte cell surface C5a receptors increased to 172,140 +/- 19,380 at 30 min and 193,800 +/- 24,510 at the end of dialysis. Concentrations of C3a and C5a peaked at 15 min and declined rapidly thereafter, but both remained significantly above baseline at all times. These studies suggest that down-regulation of C5a receptors, which is seen maximally at 15 min after initiation of dialysis, does not sufficiently account for the reversal of granulocytopenia during hemodialysis.
Bendamustine, Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (BVD) in Elderly Patients with Multiple Myeloma in First Relapse: Updated Results of the Intergroupe Francophone Du Myelome (IFM) 2009-01 Trial
Authors: Philippe Rodon, Cyrille Hulin, Brigitte Pegourie, Mourad Tiab, Bruno Anglaret, Lotfi Benboubker, Henry Jardel, Olivier Decaux, Brigitte Kolb, Murielle Roussel, Laurent Garderet, Xavier Leleu, Olivier Fitoussi, Carine Chaleteix, Philippe Casassus, Pascal Lenain, Philippe Moreau, Marie Odile Petillon, Claire Mathiot, Herve Avet-Loiseau
Journal: Blood (2012)
Neuropsychological performance in medicated and unmedicated patients with Tourette's disorder
Authors: R A Bornstein, V Yang
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1991)

To date, there have been no formal investigations of neuropsychological performance in patients with Tourette's disorder who are taking psychotropic medications. The authors conducted this study to provide such information.They examined the neuropsychological performance of 96 patients 6-18 years old who met DSM-III-R criteria for Tourette's disorder; 51 of these patients were taking neuroleptic medications and 45 were not. The groups were well matched with regard to age, sex, education, and duration of symptoms. Each group was given a complete neuropsychological test battery as well as instruments rating symptoms of Tourette's disorder, obsessive-compulsive characteristics, and other behavioral disturbances.The patients taking medications did not differ from those not taking medications on any of the neuropsychological, intellectual, or educational measures. In addition, the groups did not differ with regard to level of Tourette's disorder symptoms.The results of this investigation suggest that patients with Tourette's disorder who do not experience intolerable side effects from neuroleptic medications are able to perform on educational, intellectual, and neuropsychological tests at a level comparable to that of unmedicated patients. These results have positive implications for patients with Tourette's disorder who respond to neuroleptic medications.
The Varied Roles of Notch in Cancer
Authors: Jon C. Aster, Warren S. Pear, Stephen C. Blacklow
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2016)

Notch receptors influence cellular behavior by participating in a seemingly simple signaling pathway, but outcomes produced by Notch signaling are remarkably varied depending on signal dose and cell context. Here, after briefly reviewing new insights into physiologic mechanisms of Notch signaling in healthy tissues and defects in Notch signaling that contribute to congenital disorders and viral infection, we discuss the varied roles of Notch in cancer, focusing on cell autonomous activities that may be either oncogenic or tumor suppressive.
Assessment of psychotherapy skills: the problem of interrater agreement
Authors: E H Liston, J Yager, G D Strauss
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

Thirteen experienced supervising psychiatrists independently rated the psychotherapy interviews of six residents, using a detailed assessment instrument. Although interrater agreement was significantly greater than would be expected by chance, the extent of agreement was uniformly low. Agreement was significantly poorer for judgments about technique skills than about communication skills and for second-year than for first-year residents. Other factors, such as the faculty rank and training of the rater, did not covary significantly with observed ratings. The findings suggest that rating methods which purport to assess psychotherapy skills should undergo careful methodological evaluation and testing before they are accepted as valid assessment techniques.
Video Endoscopy
Authors: L. Demling, H.J. Hagel
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

The video system represents a new endoscopic technique with major advantages, some of which point the way into the future. This system permits a large number of persons to participate directly in the examination. Documentation is more comprehensive and more reliable, and pathological processes can be observed with the aid of video tape recordings. It is to be expected that the optical elements of the video endoscope will become smaller, while the instruments will become longer. Since there is no loss of light with these endoscopes, it would appear possible that they will make the entire small bowel accessible to inspection. Compared with conventional standards, the colour quality on the video monitor screen, in particular in the red range, and of the video photograph still leaves something to be desired. User-friendly equipment provided with an automatic colour adaption facility, is required.
15. Vitamin E TPGS based nanoparticles of biodegradable polymers for controlled release of anticancer drugs
Authors: Nicholas A. Peppas, Ruth Duncan, Gary E. Wnek, Allan S. Hoffman, Guang Hui Gao, Sung Wan Kim, Doo Sung Lee, Michael Hadjiargyrou, Elka Touitou, Denize Ainbinder, Russell Mumper, Alain Rolland, Takuro Niidome, Vinod Labhasetwar, Shi Liu, Guangyuan Zhou, Yubin Huang, Zhigang Xie, Xiabin Jing, Noemi Csaba
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Travel associated legionnaires' disease in Europe in 2000 and 2001.
Authors: F Lever, on behalf of the European Wo, C A Joseph
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2003)

The European Surveillance Scheme for Travel Associated Legionnaires' Disease (EWGLINET) was notified of 360 cases in 2000 and 481 cases in 2001, the highest number reported since 1987. This increase reflects enhanced surveillance activities, especially in the Netherlands, France and Italy, mainly through urinary antigen detection test (78% of cases in 2001). The median delay in reporting to the scheme fell to under 30 days, at the cost of some loss of information on the outcomes of illness. In 2000, 28 clusters were detected compared to 72 in 2001, most of this rise resulting from a change in the definition of clusters. In 2000 and 2001, 55 and 140 environmental investigations were reported respectively.
Neuroleptics, catecholamines, and psychoses: a study of their interrelations
Authors: H M Van Praag, J Korf
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

The authors examined central catecholamine metabolism in various symptomatological psychotic disorders and the relationship between the biochemical and therapeutic action profiles of neuroleptics. Haloperidol and (to a lesser entent) chlorpromaziner icrease the dopamine (DA) turnover in the central nervous system, but the authors influenced; oxypertine has the reverse effect. The authors question whether disorders of DA-metabolism underlie or result from disorders of motor activity, postulating that the hyperdopaminergic activity observable in psychoses is dependent on motor hyperactivity rather than on "true" or psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations.
THU0315 A Study of Gene Expression in Fibromyalgia: An Analysis of Potential Biological Markers
Authors: K. Dupree Jones, T. Gelbart, J. Waalen, T.S. Mondala, D.N. Iklé, D.R. Salomon, R.M. Bennett, S.M. Kurian
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Contemporary research has revealed a dysfunctional central nervous system as being an important component in the clinical presentation of fibromyalgia (FM). However, the reasons for this dysfunction, are far from clear. One problem in studying fibromyalgia is the lack of a well-defined phenotype. This is a significant problem when attempting to define FM at the genomic level. <h3>Objectives</h3> In this study we have employed gene expression methods to define biological markers that could potentially assist in better defining FM genomically. <h3>Methods</h3> Global gene expression in 70 fibromyalgia patients and 70 healthy matched controls was analyzed in terms of sensitivity and specificity based on the 1990 American College of Rheumatology definition of FM. <h3>Results</h3> The molecular profiling of peripheral blood revealed a differential expression of genes in known pathways for pain processing, such as glutamine/glutamate signaling and axonal development, suggesting a dysregulation of these functions. There was also an upregulation of inflammatory molecules in FM patients and downregulation of specific pathways related to hypersensitivity and allergy. Based on these profiles we identified a panel of candidate gene expression-based classifiers that could help establish an objective molecular diagnostic guide for the design and testing of new therapies for FM. Classifiers of 10-71 probesets showed sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and an AUC as high as 95%, 96%, 95%, 96% and 0.931. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The findings reported here provide several new insights relevant to the possible pathogenesis of FM, and provide several testable hypotheses that warrant further exploration. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> This study was funded by NIH grant R21NRO12572 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
THU0579 What Knowledge is Essential for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Spondyloarthritis (SPA)? Results of a Multicentric Survey Among Health Professionals and Patients with Delphi Methodology. An Initiative of the French Rheumatology Society Therapeutic Education Section: Table 1
Authors: C. Beauvais, M. Rodère, B. Peirera, M. Soubrier, L. Gossec
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Information and education are recommended for patients with inflammatory arthritis including RA and SpA. However there is no consensus on which knowledge is essential to enhance patients9 self-management. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to determine such knowledge. <h3>Methods</h3> Multicentric survey through a three-step process. 1) Collection of published knowledge questionnaires (KQ) by a systematic literature review, and a non-exhaustive collection of unpublished KQ used in France 2) Elaboration of a list (list1) of items from these KQ, classified in domains and sub domains. 3) Delphi process with health professionals (HPs) and patients in 2014. The first Delphi round enlarged the list (list2), the 2nd round selected the items considered useful by &gt;50% of participants (list3). Participants were asked to select items according to their own experience of RA/SpA management. The relative importance of the domains included in list3 was compared to the one in list1. <h3>Results</h3> 3 KQ were found, published more than 25 years ago: 2 for RA; 1 for SpA (refs 1-3). 5 unpublished KQ were collected (3 for RA, 2 for SpA). In total, in the KQs, 90 knowledge items were mentioned for RA and 67 for SA. The participants in the Delphi round were 11-14 rheumatologists, 12 patients (including patient associations) and 7-12 health professionals (mostly nurses, physiotherapist, occupational therapist). The 1st Delphi round enlarged the list to 322 items for RA and 265 items SpA (i.e., a 2.5 to 3-fold increase). The second round selected 69 and 59 knowledge items for RA and SpA respectively. Knowledge domains in existing questionnaires versus considered useful by consensus (Table) indicate a current increase of interest about pharmacological treatment, dealing with fatigue, adaptive skills to professional issues, patient-HP communication and shared decision making. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The present study provides a consensual corpus of knowledge that is considered important for patients in the self-management of their inflammatory arthritis. Domains have changed over time, reflecting the recent emphasis on notions such as shared decision-making. Existing KQs appear obsolete; further work should lead to the development of a new updated KQ. <h3>References</h3> Hill J, et al. Br J Rheumatol. 1991;30:45-9. Lineker SC, et al. J Rheumatol. 1997;24:647-53. Lubrano E. Br J Rheumatol 1998;37:437–441. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Prazosin in treatment of hypertension
Authors: H Adriaensen, R Vryens
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In two double-blind, randomized cross-over comparison studies undertaken in elderly subjects, a new quinazoline derivative, prazosin, has been shown to be a safe and effective antihypertensive agent to which there is a progressive response over four- to six-week periods of oral administration at fixed dose-levels.
THU0580 A Two- Minute Sitting Exercise Programme to Encourage Sedentary Patients to Exercise
Authors: D. Stevens, D. Collins, E. Price, L. Williamson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Sedentary lifestyle is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Motivating people to exercise is important, but difficult. Rheumatology patients in particular may have problems with pain and mobility which prevent them walking. Others are simply unwilling to start exercise due to laziness, lack of time, ignorance about correct exercises and fear of pain. <h3>Methods</h3> We developed a patient education leaflet containing a "Two-minute Stretch" programme of eight exercises. The exercises were designed to be used whilst sitting at home or in the outpatient waiting area, travelling and potentially by wheelchair and bedbound patients. They targeted various muscle groups, with focus on good posture and deep breathing. Exercises included: shoulder rolls; arm extensions; leg raises; ankle and calf stretches; side and back stretches and reaching and twisting movements. Information was presented in basic sentences (Flesch reading ease score of 95.7/100), supported by simple diagrams. Rheumatology outpatients, staff and volunteers trialled the exercises by following the instruction leaflet. We collected data on: gender; age; leaflet readability; exercise achievability; feelings after trial and whether patients would do them at home. <h3>Results</h3> 75 people completed the questionnaire; 49 in patient group, 26 in staff/volunteers group. Age Range: 20-79; Gender: Male: 18 Female: 32; 25 People did not specify gender. Age groups: 11-20 (1); 21-30 (17); 31-40 (2); 41-50 (5); 51-60 (5); 61-70 (5); 71-80 (4). 36 people did not specify age. All patients said they understood instructions on the leaflet. 68 of 75 (91%) answered that they could perform all exercises– &gt;75% of people from each age group. All participants younger than 51 could do all exercises. 3 of 11 (27%) people older than 51 were unable to do one or more of the exercises. 40 of 49 from the patient group (82%) said they would do the exercises daily at home. After doing the exercises: 161 of 168 (95%) of emotional responses were positive: happy (25), awake (19), relaxed (29) in less pain (3) or like they were improving their condition (4). 4 out of 84 (5%) gave negative responses: in more pain (2) or tired (2). 56 out of 70 (80%) felt no new pains. 9 out of 49 (18%) would not do the programme at home. Reasons given were laziness (3 of 9) and pain (3 of 9). The remaining 3 wrote they were: "too busy", "already do other exercise" or "not disciplined enough." <h3>Conclusions</h3> We present a "Two-Minute Stretch" sitting exercise programme designed sedentary people exercise. The programme is safe, achievable and supported by a simple leaflet and YouTube video. Exercise leaflet: http://www.gwh.nhs.uk/media/170803/sitting_exercises_level_1_leaflet.pdf <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> Mr Antony Blanshard and Mr Oliver Roger produced the video for YouTube. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Abstract IA21: AML genomics: An update.
Authors: Elaine R. Mardis
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Our fundamental understanding of the genomic landscape of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has significantly improved due to large-scale genomic characterization of AML genomes, transcriptomes and methylomes. Retrospective analyses of primary and relapse disease genomes has also illustrated the changes in heterogeneity that occur during progression, and studies of mouse xenografts of AML have illustrated the biological competition among subclones to seed progressive disease. I will discuss next steps in our clinical sequencing of AML, aimed at beginning to apply our fundamental knowledge about the disease to the cancer care setting. Various technical challenges will be highlighted as well as discussing the overall framework for beginning to understand the data we will generate. Citation Format: Elaine R. Mardis. AML genomics: An update. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(17 Suppl):Abstract nr IA21.