tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 14063: Hand Grip Strength Significantly Predicts Cardiovascular Event Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Philipp Rein, Christoph H Saely, Alexander Vonbank, Daniela Zanolin, Heinz Drexel
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Muscle fitness is an established indicator of overall health. The power of muscle strength to predict cardiovascular endpoints in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unclear and is addressed in the present study. Methods: We studied a high-risk cohort of 209 patients with T2DM who underwent coronary angiography for the evaluation of stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Forearm muscle dynamometry was performed to determine hand grip strength in the dominant arm the day before angiography. Significant CAD was diagnosed in the presence of coronary stenoses with lumen narrowing ≥50%. T2DM was diagnosed according to the ADA criteria. Prospectively, we recorded vascular events over 5.5±2.2 years. Results: Grip strength, measured in kilograms, at baseline did not differ significantly between patients with significant CAD and those who did not have significant CAD (34±12 vs. 31±12 kg; p=0.140). Prospectively, hand grip strength significantly predicted the incidence of major cardiovascular events (n=65) after adjustment for age, gender, BMI, smoking, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol (standardized adjusted HR 0.72 [0.52-0.99]; p=0.042). This result was not attenuated after further adjustment for the angiographically determined baseline CAD state (HR 0.72 [0.53-0.99]; p=0.046). Conclusions: We conclude that hand grip strength in patients with T2DM is inversely associated with vascular events independently both from well established cardiovascular risk factors and from the angiographically determined baseline CAD state.
Posttranslational Regulation of Organic Anion Transporters by Ubiquitination: Known and Novel
Authors: Da Xu, Haoxun Wang, Guofeng You
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2016)

Abstract Organic anion transporters (OATs) encoded by solute carrier 22 family are localized in the epithelia of multiple organs, where they mediate the absorption, distribution, and excretion of a diverse array of negatively charged environmental toxins and clinically important drugs. Alterations in the expression and function of OATs play important roles in intra‐ and interindividual variability of the therapeutic efficacy and the toxicity of many drugs. As a result, the activity of OATs must be under tight regulation so as to carry out their normal functions. The regulation of OAT transport activity in response to various stimuli can occur at several levels such as transcription, translation, and posttranslational modification. Posttranslational regulation is of particular interest, because it usually happens within a very short period of time (minutes to hours) when the body has to deal with rapidly changing amounts of substances as a consequence of variable intake of drugs, fluids, or meals as well as metabolic activity. This review article highlights the recent advances from our laboratory in uncovering several posttranslational mechanisms underlying OAT regulation. These advances offer the promise of identifying targets for novel strategies that will maximize therapeutic efficacy in drug development.
Death on the Playing Field
Authors: RC McFaul
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

Sudden death during activity in children and adolescents is a rare event, considering the larger number of hours spent by this population in recreational and organized physical activities. The shock following such an occurrence frequently results in the family and physician's questioning whether the death could have been avoided. Common misconceptions are (1) that the physical fitness of a child correlates with the condition of the heart, and (2) that cardiac disorders responsible for sudden death give ample symptoms or clues to forecast these tragedies. This article discusses the more common disorders that cause sudden death during exercise, and addresses what, if any, practical measures can be taken to prevent it.
Gallstone Ileus
Authors: E P Molmenti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Figure 1. Seven days before admission, nausea and crampy abdominal pain developed in a 65-year-old woman with a history of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. Two days before admission, the pain became more intense, and she vomited, had no bowel movements, and passed no gas. A posteroanterior radiograph obtained during a barium examination of the small bowel shows an irregular collection of barium in the right upper quadrant (Panel A, arrowheads), representing partial filling of the cystic duct. Both jejunum and ileum are markedly dilated, with dilution of the barium in a pattern consistent with small-bowel obstruction. There is abrupt termination of . . .
Early Responses At 3 Months and 12 Months After Starting Imatinib As Predictive Factors For The Achievement Of Deep MR In Japanese CML Patients
Authors: Masayoshi Masuko, Tatsuo Furukawa, Tadashi Koike, Kazue Takai, Koichi Nagai, Kenji Kishi, Yoshinobu Seki, Hoyu Takahashi, Sadao Aoki, Takashi Kozakai, Yasuhiko Shibasaki, Takashi Ushiki, Ken Toba, Miwako Narita, Masuhiro Takahashi, Hirohito Sone, Akira Shibata
Journal: Blood (2013)
Increased detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children, Lyon, France, 2010 to 2011
Authors: D Eibach, J S Casalegno, V Escuret, G Billaud, Y Mekki, E Frobert, M Bouscambert-Duchamp, B Lina, F Morfin
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

Recent reports from several northern European countries indicate an increase in detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in the past two years, notably in children aged 5–15 years. Analysis of our laboratory database showed a similar pattern, with a higher proportion of respiratory samples positive for M. pneumonia by real-time PCR in paediatric patients aged 5–15 years. Our data indicate that in 2010 and 2011, France experienced the first epidemic peak of M. pneumonia infection since 2005.
Hormone-Induced Tumors. II. Flank-Organ Epithelioma of the Syrian Hamster &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: F. Thomas Algard
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)

In dispersed cell culture, the androgenestrogen-induced, dependent epithelioma of the flank organ of the Syrian hamster behaves similarly in medium with or without exogenous hormones. In organotypic culture, significant growth, i.e., mitosis, occurs only in hormone-enriched medium. Survival of tumor tissue within the 1-month culture period is significantly better in the hormone-treated organ cultures, though appreciable quantities of healthy-looking tissue are occasionally present in those receiving no treatment. This pattern of response in organ culture parallels the pattern observable in vivo: When exogenous androgen-estrogen is removed, tumor growth ceases, but subsequent decrease in size is extremely gradual and slight, even over a period of 300 to 400 days. This response of the flank-organ tumor in organ culture is essentially similar to that of the previously described estrogen-induced dependent carcinoma of the hamster kidney, which failed to grow or survive beyond a limited time in hormone-free medium. The behavior of these tumors in vivo seems to be paralleled to a certain extent in organotypic culture.
HEMORRHAGIC TYPHOID FEVER.
Authors: F Destaing, J P Grangaud
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SORLA facilitates insulin receptor signaling in adipocytes and exacerbates obesity
Authors: Vanessa Schmidt, Nadja Schulz, Xin Yan, Annette Schürmann, Stefan Kempa, Matthias Kern, Matthias Blüher, Matthew N. Poy, Gunilla Olivecrona, Thomas E. Willnow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

In humans, genetic variation of sortilin-related receptor, L(DLR class) A repeats containing (SORL1), which encodes the intracellular sorting receptor SORLA, is a major genetic risk factor for familial and sporadic forms of Alzheimer's disease. Recent GWAS analysis has also associated SORL1 with obesity in humans and in mouse models, suggesting that this receptor may play a role in regulating metabolism. Here, using mouse models with genetic loss or tissue-specific overexpression of SORLA as well as data from obese human subjects, we observed a gene-dosage effect that links SORLA expression to obesity and glucose tolerance. Overexpression of human SORLA in murine adipose tissue blocked hydrolysis of triacylglycerides and caused excessive adiposity. In contrast, Sorl1 gene inactivation in mice accelerated breakdown of triacylglycerides in adipocytes and protected animals from diet-induced obesity. We then identified the underlying molecular mechanism whereby SORLA promotes insulin-induced suppression of lipolysis in adipocytes. Specifically, we determined that SORLA acts as a sorting factor for the insulin receptor (IR) that redirects internalized receptor molecules from endosomes to the plasma membrane, thereby enhancing IR surface expression and strengthening insulin signal reception in target cells. Our findings provide a molecular mechanism for the association of SORL1 with human obesity and confirm a genetic link between neurodegeneration and metabolism that converges on the receptor SORLA.
Lithium and the kidney: a review
Authors: T A Ramsey, M Cox
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

The effects of lithium on renal water and electrolyte transport have generally been considered to be reversible following the cessation of lithium treatment. However, several recent reports have suggested that lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus may persist for months or even years after lithium is discontinued. In addition, a number of reports have described the development of renal insufficiency (in association with interstitial nephritis) in some patients who have been chronically treated with lithium. The authors briefly review the effects of lithium on renal tubular transport and critically examine the reports of lithium-induced renal disease.
Estimating Children’s Soil/Dust Ingestion Rates through Retrospective Analyses of Blood Lead Biomonitoring from the Bunker Hill Superfund Site in Idaho
Authors: Ian von Lindern, Susan Spalinger, Marc L. Stifelman, Lindsay Wichers Stanek, Casey Bartrem
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Soil/dust ingestion rates are important variables in assessing children's health risks in contaminated environments. Current estimates are based largely on soil tracer methodology, which is limited by analytical uncertainty, small sample size, and short study duration.The objective was to estimate site-specific soil/dust ingestion rates through reevaluation of the lead absorption dose-response relationship using new bioavailability data from the Bunker Hill Mining and Metallurgical Complex Superfund Site (BHSS) in Idaho, USA.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in vitro bioavailability methodology was applied to archived BHSS soil and dust samples. Using age-specific biokinetic slope factors, we related bioavailable lead from these sources to children's blood lead levels (BLLs) monitored during cleanup from 1988 through 2002. Quantitative regression analyses and exposure assessment guidance were used to develop candidate soil/dust source partition scenarios estimating lead intake, allowing estimation of age-specific soil/dust ingestion rates. These ingestion rate and bioavailability estimates were simultaneously applied to the U.S. EPA Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children to determine those combinations best approximating observed BLLs.Absolute soil and house dust bioavailability averaged 33% (SD ± 4%) and 28% (SD ± 6%), respectively. Estimated BHSS age-specific soil/dust ingestion rates are 86-94 mg/day for 6-month- to 2-year-old children and 51-67 mg/day for 2- to 9-year-old children.Soil/dust ingestion rate estimates for 1- to 9-year-old children at the BHSS are lower than those commonly used in human health risk assessment. A substantial component of children's exposure comes from sources beyond the immediate home environment.von Lindern I, Spalinger S, Stifelman ML, Stanek LW, Bartrem C. 2016. Estimating children's soil/dust ingestion rates through retrospective analyses of blood lead biomonitoring from the Bunker Hill Superfund Site in Idaho. Environ Health Perspect 124:1462-1470; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510144.
Reversion of β-Cell Autoimmunity Changes Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: TEDDY Study
Authors: Kendra Vehik, Kristian F. Lynch, Desmond A. Schatz, Beena Akolkar, William Hagopian, Marian Rewers, Jin-Xiong She, Olli Simell, Jorma Toppari, Anette-G. Ziegler, Åke Lernmark, Ezio Bonifacio, Jeffrey P. Krischer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

OBJECTIVE β-Cell autoantibodies are a feature of the preclinical phase of type 1 diabetes. Here, we asked how frequently they revert in a cohort of children at risk for type 1 diabetes and whether reversion has any effect on type 1 diabetes risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Children were up to 10 years of age and screened more than once for insulin autoantibody, GAD antibody, and insulinoma antigen-2 antibodies. Persistent autoantibody was defined as an autoantibody present on two or more consecutive visits and confirmed in two reference laboratories. Reversion was defined as two or more consecutive negative visits after persistence. Time-dependent Cox regression was used to examine how reversion modified the risk of development of multiple autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes. RESULTS Reversion was relatively frequent for autoantibodies to GAD65 (19%) and insulin (29%), but was largely restricted to children who had single autoantibodies (24%) and rare in children who had developed multiple autoantibodies (&amp;lt;1%). Most (85%) reversion of single autoantibodies occurred within 2 years of seroconversion. Reversion was associated with HLA genotype, age, and decreasing titer. Children who reverted from single autoantibodies to autoantibody negative had, from birth, a risk for type 1 diabetes of 0.14 per 100 person-years; children who never developed autoantibodies, 0.06 per 100 person-years; and, children who remained single-autoantibody positive, 1.8 per 100 person-years. CONCLUSIONS Type 1 diabetes risk remained high in children who had developed multiple β-cell autoantibodies even when individual autoantibodies reverted. We suggest that monitoring children with single autoantibodies for at least 1 year after seroconversion is beneficial for stratification of type 1 diabetes risk.
Recent Developments of Liposomes as Nanocarriers for Theranostic Applications
Authors: Hang Xing, Kevin Hwang, Yi Lu
Journal: Theranostics (2016)

Liposomes are nanocarriers comprised of lipid bilayers encapsulating an aqueous core. The ability of liposomes to encapsulate a wide variety of diagnostic and therapeutic agents has led to significant interest in utilizing liposomes as nanocarriers for theranostic applications. In this review, we highlight recent progress in developing liposomes as nanocarriers for a) diagnostic applications to detect proteins, DNA, and small molecule targets using fluorescence, magnetic resonance, ultrasound, and nuclear imaging; b) therapeutic applications based on small molecule-based therapy, gene therapy and immunotherapy; and c) theranostic applications for simultaneous detection and treatment of heavy metal toxicity and cancers. In addition, we summarize recent studies towards understanding of interactions between liposomes and biological components. Finally, perspectives on future directions in advancing the field for clinical translations are also discussed.
Plasminogen Activator Regulation by Transforming Growth Factor-β in Normal and Neoplastic Human Urothelium
Authors: A L Hiti, W M Rideout, W E Laug, P A Jones
Journal: Cancer Communications (1990)

Plasminogen activators (PA) are thought to participate in the invasive and metastatic processes of malignancies and are known to be modulated by certain growth factors (Danø, K; Andreasen, P.A.; Grondahl-Hansen, J.; Kristensen, P.; Nielsen, L.S.; Skriver, L. Adv. Cancer Res. 44:139-266; 1985 and Laiho, M.; Keski-Oja, J. Cancer Res. 49:2533-2553; 1989). This report describes the effect of TGF-beta on the regulation of secreted PA activity produced by human fetal urothelium and neoplastic urothelial cell lines. Epidermal growth factor was previously shown to induce substantially different effects on PA production by normal versus neoplastic urothelial (Dubeau, L.; Jones, P.A.; Rideout, W.M.; Laug, W.E. Cancer Res. 48:5552-5556; 1988). This report demonstrates that log phase normal urothelium, but not transformed cells, responded to TGF-beta (1-10 ng/mL) by diminishing the total secreted PA activity. Northern and western analyses showed that the reduction in protease activity resulted from an increased level of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mRNA and protein. Additionally, northern analysis of total mRNA levels at varying cell densities demonstrated modulation of tPA, PAI-1, and TGF-beta transcripts in normal urothelial cells as a function of growth in vitro, suggesting the presence of an intact regulatory pathway to control extracellular proteolysis.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Modulates the Immune Microenvironment in Metastases of Tubo-Ovarian High-Grade Serous Carcinoma
Authors: Steffen Böhm, Anne Montfort, Oliver M.T. Pearce, Joanne Topping, Probir Chakravarty, Gemma L.A. Everitt, Andrew Clear, Jackie R. McDermott, Darren Ennis, Thomas Dowe, Amanda Fitzpatrick, Elly C. Brockbank, Alexandra C. Lawrence, Arjun Jeyarajah, Asma Z. Faruqi, Iain A. McNeish, Naveena Singh, Michelle Lockley, Frances R. Balkwill
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) on immune activation in stage IIIC/IV tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), and its relationship to treatment response. We obtained pre- and posttreatment omental biopsies and blood samples from a total of 54 patients undergoing platinum-based NACT and 6 patients undergoing primary debulking surgery. We measured T-cell density and phenotype, immune activation, and markers of cancer-related inflammation using IHC, flow cytometry, electrochemiluminescence assays, and RNA sequencing and related our findings to the histopathologic treatment response. There was evidence of T-cell activation in omental biopsies after NACT: CD4(+) T cells showed enhanced IFNγ production and antitumor Th1 gene signatures were increased. T-cell activation was more pronounced with good response to NACT. The CD8(+) T-cell and CD45RO(+) memory cell density in the tumor microenvironment was unchanged after NACT but biopsies showing a good therapeutic response had significantly fewer FoxP3(+) T regulatory (Treg) cells. This finding was supported by a reduction in a Treg cell gene signature in post- versus pre-NACT samples that was more pronounced in good responders. Plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines decreased in all patients after NACT. However, a high proportion of T cells in biopsies expressed immune checkpoint molecules PD-1 and CTLA4, and PD-L1 levels were significantly increased after NACT. NACT may enhance host immune response but this effect is tempered by high/increased levels of PD-1, CTLA4, and PD-L1. Sequential chemoimmunotherapy may improve disease control in advanced HGSC. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 3025-36. ©2016 AACR.
Perspective Shift
Authors: D Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chronic Splenic Brucellosis
Authors: Maria Costello, Mark J Enzler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

An 86-year-old man in Minnesota presented with fever, dyspnea, and new-onset confusion. His history was notable for a febrile illness with night sweats and a weight loss of 23 kg (50 lb) that had occurred while he was in his late 20s, working in an abattoir slaughtering pigs.
A case of postoperative spontaneous intussusception after laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Young Wan Kim
Journal: Military Medical Research (2016)

Intussusception refers to a condition in which a segment of the intestine invaginates into the lumen of an adjacent segment of the intestine. Postoperative intussusception after gastrointestinal surgery is an uncommon clinical condition, and there is only one case report of small bowel intussusception after rectal cancer surgery. Here, we report a case of spontaneous small bowel intussusception following laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. A 56-year-old female military officer was referred to the Colorectal Surgical Department for mid-rectal cancer, 8 cm from the anal verge. The patient underwent laparoscopic low anterior resection and diverting loop ileostomy. On postoperative day 3, the patient complained of vomiting and abdominal pain, and a follow-up abdomino-pelvic computed tomography scan showed an ileo-ileal type intussusception. After two days of surgical observation, her clinical symptoms were not resolved. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy. On exploration, intussusception was found 40 cm proximal to the loop ileostomy site. Segmental resection of the ileum was carried out, and there was no pathological leading point on the resected ileum. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 14 after the second operation and has remained in good health for two years. We present a case of spontaneous small bowel intussusception after laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer that was treated by surgical resection 5 days after the index surgery.