tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Decreased Metabolic Uptake in Tuberculous Pericarditis Indicating Response to Antituberculosis Therapy on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Ozlem Ozmen, Deniz Koksal, Aysenaz Ozcan, Ebru Tatci, Atila Gokcek
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Early diagnosis and adequate treatment of tuberculosis are important for disease control and prevention of complication. However, diagnosing disease is frequently delayed because of difficulties of bacilli isolation or reproduction in cultures, and also, the decision of the efficiency of treatment sometimes can be impossible. FDG PET has become a promising imaging modality in the field of infection and inflammation, especially for the extension and severity of disease. Here, we describe an unusual case of tuberculous pericarditis that shows marked increased FDG uptake on initial scan, with decreasing metabolic activity on follow-up scan indicating response to antituberculosis therapy.
Armchair philosophising skirts what to do with child sex offenders
Authors: P. J. Mahaffey
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The metabolism of CI-976, a potent inhibitor of liver and intestinal acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase, was investigated in isolated rat hepatocytes and Wistar rats after oral administration. The major metabolite observed both <i>in vitro</i>and <i>in vivo</i> was identified as the 6-carbon, chain-shortened 5,5-dimethyl-6-oxo-[(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)amino]hexanoic acid (M-4). M-4 was determined to be formed from the ω-carboxylic acid 11,11-dimethyl-12-oxo-12-[(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)amino]dodecanoic acid (M-1) <i>via</i> the 2- and 4-carbon, chain-shortened intermediate metabolites {9,9-dimethyl-10-oxo-10-[(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)amino]decanoic acid (M-2) and 7,7-dimethyl-8-oxo-8-[(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)amino]octanoic acid (M-3)}, respectively. M-1 was, in turn, determined to be derived from ω-hydroxy CI-976. A minor metabolite, identified <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, was a novel 5-carbon, chain-shortened derivative, 6,6-dimethyl-7-oxo-7-[(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)amino]heptanoic acid (M-5). M-5 was shown not to be formed from either M-1 or the ω-hydroxy derivative. Separate incubation of CI-976 (ω-oxidation and β-oxidation pathways) and M-1 (β-oxidation only) indicated a potential gender difference in the ω-oxidation of CI-976. Both the ω-oxidation and β-oxidation pathways were enhanced by clofibrate and phenobarbital induction, and CI-976 metabolism was completely inhibited when coincubated with SKF525A pointing to cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism, presumably CYP4A. Etomoxir andl-carnitine had minor effects on the β-oxidation of M-1, indicating β-oxidation occurs predominately within peroxisomes.
AB0870 Whole body MRI findings of non axial manifestations in early axial spondyloarthritis – results of the esther trial at baseline
Authors: C.E. Althoff, K.G. Hermann, I.-H. Song, H. Haibel, M. Rudwaleit, B. Hamm, J. Listing, J. Sieper
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> To evaluate the extend of active inflammation and structural changes in non axial sites in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) and non-radiographic axial Spondyloarthritis SpA (nr-SpA) with short disease duration in whole body MRI (wb-MRI). <h3>Objectives</h3> To utilise wb-MRI with a comprehensive protocol for the evaluation of both active and structural lesions outside the spine and the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) in nr-axSpA in comparison to AS. <h3>Methods</h3> Wb-MRIs of 75 patients (mean age 33±8 yrs.) with early axial spondyloarhtritis (SpA) and a disease duration of &lt;5 years [1] were scored for active inflammatory lesions and chronic changes on STIR and T1 weighted sequences. The anterior chestwall, the pelvic region, the lower extremities and the proximal parts of the upper extremities were evaluated for osteitis/enthesitis (28 sights) synovitis/effusion (12 sights) and erosions (10 joints). Scoring was performed by two blinded radiologists in consensus reading. <h3>Results</h3> The study cohort consisted of 39 patients with AS and 36 nr-axSpA patients with similar clinical characteristics. A total of 58 patients (77%) showed signs of active inflammation, either enthesitis/osteitis or synovitis/effusion, outside the spine and the sacroiliac joints. Enthesitis was more frequent in the AS group (n=22) than in the nr-axSpA group (n=12; p&lt;0.05), most frequently at the pelvis. Multilocular enthesitis was significantly more frequent in the AS group compared to the nr-axSpA group (p=0.01). Evidence of peripheral synovitis/bursitis was frequent (59%) with similar extend in both groups. The most frequent locations were the knees (32 patients) and ankle joints (25 patients), followed by the hips (7 patients). No chronic changes were detected at the non axial joints included in the analysis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this cohort of early axial SpA patients non axial inflammation is a frequent finding with significantly more patients affected in the AS group. Comprehensive wb MRI protocols can image inflammatory changes not covered by dedicated spine and SIJ protocols. <h3>References</h3> Song IH, Hermann K, Haibel H, Althoff CE, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011 Apr;70(4):590-6. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Screening for MLL tandem duplication in 387 unselected patients with AML identify a prognostically unfavorable subset of AML
Authors: S Schnittger, U Kinkelin, C Schoch, A Heinecke, D Haase, T Haferlach, T Büchner, B Wörmann, W Hiddemann, F Griesinger
Journal: Leukemia (2000)
SAT0494 Protein Intake and Body Composition Relationship in A Rheumatic Patient Population
Authors: S. Fernandes, J. Borges, I. Gonçalves, A. Cardoso, R. Fernandes, R. Simão, I. Vila, G. Pires, F. Barcelos, L. Cunha-Miranda, H. Santos, R. Leitão, P. Coelho, M. Parente, E. Simões, J. Vaz Patto
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> The relationship between protein dietary intake and Bone Mass Index (BMI) is controversial. Hyperproteic diet increases urinary calcium excretion but without obvious impact in Osteoporosis (OP). Sarcopenia in the elderly may be associated with low protein diet. High BMI and with high fat content was considered a protective factor for OP but it may be related to vitamin D deficiency and subclinical hyperparathyroidism. <h3>Objectives</h3> This study aims to evaluate the relationship between protein diet intake, BMI and and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. <h3>Methods</h3> A questionnaire on dietary protein intake was applied to patients at a Rheumatology clinic during 4 non-consecutive weeks from July to September 2013. Nutritional evaluation included body composition (InBody 720). Clinical data collected included: fall occurrence; history of clinical and/or radiologic vertebral fractures; total serum protein, albumin, inorganic phosphate, calcium, PTH, vitamin D and calcium urinary excretion levels and neck/lumbar densitometry. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Qui-Square and Spearman correlation were applied for a significance of <i>p&lt;0,05</i>. <h3>Results</h3> 189 subjects were enrolled, 88% female, mean age 58 years, mean BMI 27kg/m<sup>2</sup> (low weight in 1,7%, normal in 33,1%, overweight in 37,7% and obesity in 27,6%). Regarding protein intake, 66,7% drunk milk &gt;5 times/week and 22,2% &gt;2 glasses/day; 61,3% of the patients consumed yogurt 1-3 times/day and 20,6% &lt;1/week; 44% consumed cheese once a day. Lean and fatty fish were consumed weekly in 75% of the subjects and canned fish in up to 86%. Codfish and eggs consumption varied between 1 to 4 times/week in 68% and 77%, respectively. Red meat ingestion was: 2-4 times/week in 51%, &lt;3 times/month in 27%. We found an association between weight (r=-0,131;p=0,043), body fat content (r=-0,174;p=0,007) and higher ingestion of lean fish. Patients with lower body fat content had a higher milk intake (r=-0,274;p=0,001). Higher consumption of red meat was associated with higher muscle mass and protein content (r&gt;0,142;p&lt;0,033). We also found a relation between higher PTH and higher BMI (r=0,310;p=0,034). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Patients that had a lower BMI and reduced body fat content consumed more lean fish, also those with lower body fat content showed a higher intake of milk. Red meat was associated with higher muscle mass and protein content. High PTH levels were correlated with higher BMI, which is in concordance with new evidence suggesting that overweight and obesity do not protect against OP. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5279
Abstract 1656: Mouse embryonic fibroblasts null for krüppel-like factor 4 show reduced autophagy and elevated mTOR activity.
Authors: Hagos Engda, Elise DeRoo
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a zinc-finger transcription factor named for its homology to the Drosophila protein Krüppel. KLF4 negatively regulates cell-cycle progression and, cell proliferation, and is a known tumor suppressor in certain cancers. Autophagy, or self-eating, is a process through which intracellular aggregates can be degraded and their components recycled. The role of autophagy in cancer appears to be context dependent. In pre-cancerous tissue, autophagy may serve a protective purpose, removing cytotoxic aggregates and promoting a healthy intracellular environment. In cancerous tissue, however, autophagy may allow cancer cell survival. Previous studies examining gene expression in WT (KLF4+/+) and KLF4 null (KLF4-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) revealed autophagy related gene expression to be downregulated in KLF4-/- MEFs. In order to evaluate whether KLF4 is important in autophagy, we examined microtubule associated protein-1 light chain 3 protein (LC3, a marker of autophagy) and a downstream target of mTOR (p70S6K, a marker of autophagy inhibition) in KLF4+/+ and KLF4-/- MEFs. Our results show that levels of LC3 are reduced and levels of p70S6K are elevated in both KLF4-/- MEFs and MEFs in which KLF4 has been transiently silenced. Rapamycin treatment, which inhibits mTOR activity, fails to restore autophagy in KLF4 null MEFs. Collectively, these findings suggest that KLF4 may negatively regulate mTOR activity and that KLF4 may also be necessary for induction of autophagy either downstream or entirely independent of mTOR. Citation Format: Hagos Engda, Elise DeRoo. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts null for krüppel-like factor 4 show reduced autophagy and elevated mTOR activity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1656. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1656 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Abstract 721: Putative molecular mechanism contributing AZD6244 resistance in lung cancer
Authors: Hirohito Yamaguchi, Jennifer Hsu, How-Wen Ko, Ying-Nai Wang, Shih-Shin Chang, Mien-Chie Hung
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The K-ras proto-oncogene is mutated in about 10-30% of non-small cell lung cancer, and these mutations are responsible for constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, Raf/MEK/ERK. Therefore, several MEK inhibitors are currently under clinical trials to target K-Ras mutant lung cancer. AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) is an orally active and selective inhibitor that specifically targets MEK. We investigated the effect of AZD6244 on NSCLC cell lines to further understand the detailed molecular mechanism contributing to the sensitivity to this drug. Interestingly, two NSCLC cell lines, which have previously been reported as AZD6244-sensitive, exhibited a differential response to MEK inhibition by AZD6244. Specifically, long-term treatment by this drug eventually induced resistance in one of the two cell lines. We analyzed protein expression profile of the Bcl-2 family members which we hypothesized might play a role in the resistance to AZD6244 treatment. We found that while Bim appears to be stabilized in both apoptosis-resistant and -sensitive lung cancer cells, MCl-1 expression is increased in apoptosis-resistant lung cancer cells, suggesting that the increase in anti-apoptotic MCl-1 expression likely contributes to resistance under long-term AZD6244 treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 721. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-721
Fluorine-18 FDG Positron Emission Tomography in Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: RODOLFO F. NUÑEZ, HENRY W. D. YEUNG, ROLAND CHISIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Because patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma can benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in addition to chemoradiation, precise staging is important. The extent of disease can be evaluated in a single examination involving a whole-body fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic (F-18 FDG PET) scan. A 43-year-old man with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, who had been treated with chemoradiation therapy and then bilateral neck dissection of cervical lymph node metastases, was referred for an F-18 FDG PET scan for staging purposes. In a single study, the whole-body PET scan showed multiple sites of metastases, which were unknown until then. The PET scan findings were confirmed subsequently by a CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis and by a bone scan. However, two mediastinal adenopathic lesions were not reported on the CT scan. Furthermore, a vertebral metastasis was not revealed on the CT scan. The patient is responding well to chemotherapy.
Case 40-2004
Authors: David J.R. Steele, Paul J. Michaels
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 42-year-old woman was referred to a specialty clinic for evaluation of microscopic hematuria of 14 years' duration. It had been first detected during an episode of cystitis, but persisted thereafter with 1+ proteinuria. She had borderline hypertension. Two sisters also had hematuria and her brother had died of renal failure. Urinalysis showed dysmorphic red cells. A diagnostic procedure was performed.
Antibacterial Treatment of Gastric Ulcers Associated with<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>
Authors: Joseph J.Y. Sung, S.C. Sydney Chung, Thomas K.W. Ling, Man Yee Yung, Vincent K.S. Leung, Enders K.W. Ng, Michael K.K. Li, Augustine F.B. Cheng, Arthur K.C. Li
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

There is a strong association between infection with Helicobacter pylori and gastric ulcers that are unrelated to the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications. We studied the efficacy of antibacterial therapy without medication to suppress gastric acid for the treatment of patients with H. pylori infection and gastric ulcers unrelated to the use of nonsteroidal agents.
Acute bronchospasm during passive exposure to bronchial provocation tests
Authors: Maria Gabrovska, Emmanuel Lacombe, Marie Bruyneel, Vincent Ninane
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Bronchial challenge with direct stimuli, like histamine and methacholine, is very sensitive for diagnosing asthma and produces similar responses on a milligram-on-milligram or on a millimole-on-millimole basis [1–4]. American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines have proposed measures in order to protect technicians performing these tests, which include the use of good filters and ventilation, and have recommended that technicians with asthma should take extra precautions to minimise exposure or should avoid challenge testing. Performing methacholine/histamine challenge tests on technicians has also been thought to be useful [1]. Evidence however remains limited with only three published papers reporting some reaction to passive exposure in technicians [5–7], with two of these cited in the ATS/ERS guidelines [1]. One was a survey that only reported technicians' symptoms during challenge tests [5], another described two nurses who developed increased airway responsiveness after 2 years of regular practice of histamine and methacholine challenge tests, and the third paper reported episodic bronchospasm in a female technician known to have stable and well-treated asthma [7]. No need for bronchial challenge testing in asymptomatic technicians commencing work in a lung function department <http://ow.ly/S2D3z>
A Reorientation on Obesity
Authors: Alfred W. Pennington
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

DURING the past half-century, investigation of the problem of obesity has followed two distinct lines: that of the intermediary metabolism and that of the energy exchange. It would be natural to expect that the two types should merge and support each other in a unified concept of obesity, for, if a defect in the intermediary metabolism causes ingested food to be diverted to storage as excess fat, the total energy exchange should reflect this abnormality. Actually, however, two schools of thought have arisen and contended through the years, and it has only recently become possible to reconcile them. It is . . .
Abstract 961: Higher activity of δ-tocopherol (δ-T) than γ-tocopherol and α-tocopherol in the inhibition of lung cancer H1299 xenograft tumors in mice
Authors: Guangxun Li, Sonia C. Picinich, Mao-Jung Lee, Anna Ba Liu, Gary Lu, Chung S. Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Our previous study showed that γ-TmT (a tocopherol mixture containing 57% γ-T, 24% δ-T, 13% α-T and 1.5% β-T) effectively inhibited colon and lung carcinogenesis as well as the growth of transplanted human lung cancer in mice. This study aims to determine the more active constituents in this mixture in a xenograft model. After injection of human lung cancer H1299 cells into NCr nu/nu nude mice, the mice were maintained on a standard AIN93M diet or diet enriched with α-T, γ-T, δ-T or γ-TmT (each at 0.3% and 0.17%) for 50 days. Dietary δ-T showed the strongest inhibition based on final tumor weight (35.6% and 57.6% reduction from the control by 0.17% and 0.3% δ-T, respectively). Dietary 0.3% γ-T and γ-TmT also showed significant inhibition (37.4% and 46% reduction from control, respectively). However, an inhibitory effect was not observed with dietary α-T group. Consistent with the animal study, the growth of H1299 cells was inhibited by tocopherols with their effectiveness following the order of δ-T &amp;gt; γ-TmT &amp;gt; γ-T, but α-T was not effective. We also found that dietary α-T, γ-T and δ-T treatment respectively increased serum α-T, γ-T and δ-T levels (up to 45, 9.7 and 1.2μM, respectively). However, the serum α-T level was decreased by dietary γ-T and δ-T; for example, at 0.3% they decreased α-T levels by 50% and 42% from the control group, respectively. The results suggest a competition among different forms of tocopherols. Dietary treatment with each form of tocopherol also increased the corresponding side-chain degradation metabolites: carboxyethyl hydroxychromans (CEHC) and carboxymethylbutyl hydroxychromans (CMBHC). With 0.3% α-, γ- and δ-T in the diet, the mean serum levels of α-, γ- and δ-CEHC were 0.08, 0.7 and 3.0μM, respectively; and α-, γ- and δ-CMBHC were 0.14, 0.83 and 4.0μM, respectively. These metabolites retain the intact chromanol ring and, similar to their parent tocopherols, could trap reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. δ-CEHC and δ-CMBHC, which are present at rather high concentrations, may play an important role in inhibiting xenograph and tumor growth. The present results show that δ-T and γ-T effectively inhibited human lung cancer xenograft tumors and the inhibition may be due to the apoptosis-inducing, antioxidative, and reactive nitrogen species-trapping activities of these tocopherols and their metabolites (Supported by NIH grants CA120915, CA122474, and CA133021). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 961.
Dehydration-Induced Renal Dysfunction Identified on a Bone Scan
Authors: KRISTIN MANNING, ARNOLD F. JACOBSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

From the Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine and VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington Received for publication September 29, 2000. Accepted April 6, 2001. Correspondence: Arnold F. Jacobson, Nuclear Medicine Section (S-113-NUC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, Seattle, Washington 98108. E-mail: [email protected]
Oral Arsenic and Retinoic Acid for Non–High-Risk Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Hong-Hu Zhu, Xiao-Jun Huang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

A pilot study reveals that an oral preparation of arsenic appears to be as effective as intravenous arsenic trioxide in inducing remissions in acute promyelocytic leukemia. The curative regimen may be administered on an outpatient basis in some cases.
Determining the Optimal Protocol for Measuring an Albuminuria Class Transition in Clinical Trials in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Tobias F. Kröpelin, Dick de Zeeuw, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Rudy Bilous, Hans-Henrik Parving, Hiddo J.L. Heerspink
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2016)

Albuminuria class transition (normo- to micro- to macroalbuminuria) is used as an intermediate end point to assess renoprotective drug efficacy. However, definitions of such class transition vary between trials. To determine the most optimal protocol, we evaluated the approaches used in four clinical trials testing the effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system intervention on albuminuria class transition in patients with diabetes: the BENEDICT, the DIRECT, the ALTITUDE, and the IRMA-2 Trial. The definition of albuminuria class transition used in each trial differed from the definitions used in the other trials by the number (one, two, or three) of consecutively collected urine samples at each study visit, the time interval between study visits, the requirement of an additional visit to confirm the class transition, and the requirement of a percentage increase in albuminuria from baseline in addition to the class transition. In Cox regression analysis, neither increasing the number of urine samples collected at a single study visit nor differences in the other variables used to define albuminuria class transition altered the average drug effect. However, the SEM of the treatment effect increased (decreased precision) with stricter end point definitions, resulting in a loss of statistical significance. In conclusion, the optimal albuminuria transition end point for use in drug intervention trials can be determined with a single urine collection for albuminuria assessment per study visit. A confirmation of the end point or a requirement of a minimal percentage change in albuminuria from baseline seems unnecessary.