tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, David C. Grossman, Susan J. Curry, Karina W. Davidson, John W. Epling, Francisco A. R. García, Matthew W. Gillman, Diane M. Harper, Alex R. Kemper, Alex H. Krist, Ann E. Kurth, C. Seth Landefeld, Carol M. Mangione, Douglas K. Owens, William R. Phillips, Maureen G. Phipps, Michael P. Pignone, Albert L. Siu
Journal: JAMA (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. In 2016, an estimated 134 000 persons will be diagnosed with the disease, and about 49 000 will die from it. Colorectal cancer is most frequently diagnosed among adults aged 65 to 74 years; the median age at death from colorectal cancer is 73 years. <h3>Objective</h3> To update the 2008 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for colorectal cancer. <h3>Evidence Review</h3> The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the effectiveness of screening with colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, computed tomography colonography, the guaiac-based fecal occult blood test, the fecal immunochemical test, the multitargeted stool DNA test, and the methylated<i>SEPT9</i>DNA test in reducing the incidence of and mortality from colorectal cancer or all-cause mortality; the harms of these screening tests; and the test performance characteristics of these tests for detecting adenomatous polyps, advanced adenomas based on size, or both, as well as colorectal cancer. The USPSTF also commissioned a comparative modeling study to provide information on optimal starting and stopping ages and screening intervals across the different available screening methods. <h3>Findings</h3> The USPSTF concludes with high certainty that screening for colorectal cancer in average-risk, asymptomatic adults aged 50 to 75 years is of substantial net benefit. Multiple screening strategies are available to choose from, with different levels of evidence to support their effectiveness, as well as unique advantages and limitations, although there are no empirical data to demonstrate that any of the reviewed strategies provide a greater net benefit. Screening for colorectal cancer is a substantially underused preventive health strategy in the United States. <h3>Conclusions and Recommendations</h3> The USPSTF recommends screening for colorectal cancer starting at age 50 years and continuing until age 75 years (A recommendation). The decision to screen for colorectal cancer in adults aged 76 to 85 years should be an individual one, taking into account the patient's overall health and prior screening history (C recommendation).
The use of a written summary in group psychotherapy supervision
Authors: S Bloch, S Brown, K Davis, N Dishotsky
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

Clinical supervision is an important feature of the education of the group therapist. The authors describe the application of a summary written by trainee cotherapists in their supervision. They found that the summary, which is supplied to the patients as well as to the supervisor, serves several functions that contribute to improved quality of clinical supervision and training of group therapists.
Mammary Tumors in Male Mice Implanted with Estrogen-Cholesterol Pellets
Authors: Michael B. Shimkin, Rose S. Wyman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1946)

Mammary Tumors in Male Mice Implanted with Estrogen-Cholesterol Pellets Get access Michael B. Shimkin, Michael B. Shimkin surgeon National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rose S. Wyman Rose S. Wyman laboratory technician National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 7, Issue 2, October 1946, Pages 71–75, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/7.2.71 Published: 01 October 1946 Article history Received: 28 August 1946 Published: 01 October 1946
The psychiatrist-witness and legal guilt
Authors: B Bursten
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

Psychiatrist-witnesses testifying in criminal cases are usually asked if the defendant's mental state at the time of the offense met the legal standards for mitigation or exculpation. These standards use a commonsense frame of reference resting on assumptions of free will and self-control, which may differ from the framework clinical psychiatrists usually employ in their work. An understanding of the process of "transduction" between different systems may help resolve problems created by these different frames of reference.
Coarctation of the Aorta*
Authors: Robert Friedenberg, Archer J. Sokol
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

SINCE the first case of coarctation of the aorta was recorded in 1791, many excellent papers concerning the nature of this interesting condition have been published. Both the infantile and adult forms, with their pathogenesis, anatomy, associated diseases, such as cerebral and other types of aneurysms, symptomatology and diagnostic and constitutional characteristics have already been ably and exhaustively reviewed.1 2 3 4 5 Indeed, Lewis4 states, "So much has been written about coarctation of the aorta that new records of cases can have little value unless they reveal new features of interest or importance to the study of the condition." This statement might well . . .
Commentary: n of 1 learning
Authors: Ed Peile
Journal: BMJ (2004)

How should we start to look at the learning that this interactive case has stimulated? Should we look again at the web discussants? We could appreciate the diversity of disciplinary backgrounds and nationalities of contributors. We could categorise the learning threads: as the case progressed, I have commented both on the breadth and the depth of learning that was evident in rapid responses. But are we missing something? I think we are missing the parallel message from the clinical topic for educationalists. We were learning about n of 1 trials; about systematically evaluating an individual response to an approach intended to help a difficult problem.​problem.




Figure 1





Learning could benefit from n of 1 approaches

Credit: JENS SCHLUFTER/AFP/GETTY IMAGES




Look again at the individual learners who responded on bmj.com. They focused on widely different aspects of the case—some on pharmacotherapeutics, others on alternative medicine, yet others on research methodology. They offered references to the evidence base, personal anecdotes, and distillations of experience. What stimulated one reader left others cold, and herein I suspect lies the value of the broad group learning—something for everyone, or at least for many different learners if they are prepared to delve.

Learning is an n of 1 area. In the classroom,1 the medical school lecture theatre, and the postgraduate group, there are so many fundamental differences underpinning learners' understanding that it is safest to think of each learner as different from every other in the group. We can look at learners' preferences in several ways as learning style inventories abound. They may help us appreciate the different ways in which we take in our information, interpret it, process it, and store it, but the realisation dawns that there are so many cognitive and non-cognitive profiles that groupings are virtually useless. I come back to thinking of teaching and learning exchanges as one on one processes that may take place in a crowd.

Think about the way we evaluate the success of medical teaching. The most common way is to seek individual feedback after the session. We then tend to aggregate the scores and apply the principle of “the common good” in determining the proportion of learners who rated the session highly. It might be better sometimes not to aggregate but to regard the session as a series of n of 1 experiments, and to look to see where individual learners have advanced their understanding. Medical educators need to think qualitatively as well as quantitatively.
Small-sided football in schools and leisure-time sport clubs improves physical fitness, health profile, well-being and learning in children
Authors: Peter Krustrup, Jiri Dvorak, Jens Bangsbo
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

Small-sided football training is an intense, versatile, enjoyable and social training type of exercise that combines high-intensity cardiovascular, endurance and strength training for participants across the lifespan. A mere 2×60 min weekly training is effective for broad-spectrum prevention and treatment of lifestyle diseases. Our conclusion is based on results of more than 100 scientific articles published since January 2009 in 30 international peer-reviewed journals.1–3 This evidence has led senior researchers to conclude in The Lancet that ‘there is increasing evidence that sports participation has the potential to improve the health of nations’.4 Also, among the available evidence on the health benefits of different sport disciplines for adults, ‘The best evidence was found for football and running. These can especially improve cardiovascular and metabolic health’.5 

About one-third of the Football for Health studies have investigated football training in schools and in sports clubs. The conclusions are encouraging: (1) small-sided football training induces high heart rates, a large number of intense actions along with high involvement, technical success rates and training effects for boys and girls irrespective of body mass index, fitness …
Sex and race of patients admitted for their first psychiatric hospitalization: correlates and prognostic power
Authors: T E Gift, D W Harder, B A Ritzler, R F Kokes
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

Much attention has been focused on the advantages enjoyed by white males in the general society. Are they similarly advantaged in a psychiatric population? Two hundred seventeen patients from two demographically heterogeneous catchment areas admitted to inpatient care during a 1-year period were interviewed using standardized procedures; 80% of the original sample was available for follow-up 2 years later. Race and sex showed no consistent pattern of relationships with psychiatric symptoms, disability, and outcome; being both white and male was not advantageous in terms of any of the characteristics examined.
Case 16-1967
Authors: William F. McNeely, Walter G. J. Putschar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

Presentation of Case First admission. A fifty-one-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of dyspnea.He had had rheumatic fever during childhood, but details of the illness were unknown. He had experienced fatigue and dyspnea after exertion since the age of about twelve years. At twenty-five years of age a heart murmur was heard. Two years later he spent several weeks in a hospital because of a sore throat accompanied by polyarthritis. Ten years before admission the dyspnea and fatigue increased in severity; a closed mitral valvulotomy was performed at another hospital, with alleviation of the symptoms. One . . .
The liver‐specific microRNA‐122*, the complementary strand of microRNA‐122, acts as a tumor suppressor by modulating the p53/mouse double minute 2 homolog circuitry
Authors: Alina Simerzin, Elina Zorde‐Khvalevsky, Mila Rivkin, Revital Adar, Jessica Zucman‐Rossi, Gabrielle Couchy, Tania Roskams, Olivier Govaere, Moshe Oren, Hilla Giladi, Eithan Galun
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

The tumor suppressor p53 is a central regulator of signaling pathways that controls the cell cycle and maintains the integrity of the human genome. p53 level is regulated by mouse double minute 2 homolog (Mdm2), which marks p53 for proteasomal degradation. The p53‐Mdm2 circuitry is subjected to complex regulation by a variety of mechanisms, including microRNAs (miRNAs). We found a novel effector of this regulatory circuit, namely, miR‐122*, the passenger strand of the abundantly expressed liver‐specific miR‐122. Here, we demonstrate that miR‐122* levels are reduced in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We found that miR‐122* targets Mdm2, thus participating as an important player in the p53‐Mdm2 circuitry. Moreover, we observed significant negative correlation between levels of miR‐122* and Mdm2 in a large set of human HCC samples. In vivo tumorigenicity assays demonstrate that miR‐122* is capable of inhibiting tumor growth, emphasizing the tumor‐suppressor characteristics of this miRNA. Furthermore, we show that blocking miR‐122 in murine livers with an antagomiR‐122 (miRNA inhibitor) results in miR‐122* accumulation, leading to Mdm2 repression followed by elevated p53 protein levels. Conclusion : miR‐122*, the passenger strand of miR‐122, regulates the activity of p53 by targeting Mdm2. Importantly, similarly to miR‐122, miR‐122* is significantly down‐regulated in human HCC. We therefore propose that miR‐122* is an important contributor to the tumor suppression activity previously attributed solely to miR‐122. (H epatology 2016;64:1623‐1636)
FDG PET/CT Manifestation of Rare Widespread Metastatic Chemoradiation-Refractory Thymic Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Aaron VanDreel, Darshan Patel, Rajyasree Emmadi, Yang Lu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 74-year-old man underwent excisional biopsy of an anterior mediastinal mass that revealed squamous cell carcinoma of thymic origin. Immunohistochemistry revealed insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor positivity, which has been associated with worse prognosis. Restaging FDG PET/CT revealed extensive soft tissue and osseous metastases despite surgery and chemoradiation therapy. Patient was then enrolled in a clinical trial with anti-insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor therapy. A 3-month follow-up FDG PET/CT showed disease progression with an increase in size and number of hypermetabolic metastatic lesions, including interval development of multiple new metastases.
AT-17EPIDEMIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME OF CHILDHOOD ATYPICAL TERATOID/RHABDOID TUMOUR (ATRT) OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: Dennis Tak-Loi Ku, Matthew Ming-kong Shing, Kai-on Chang, Anthony Pak-yin Liu, Siu-keung Ling, Ka-fai To, Godfrey Chi-fung Chan
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

This journal suppl. entitled: Abstracts from the 17th International Symposium on Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (ISPNO), June 12-15, 2016, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Partially insulated cutting instruments for hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection – the Flat Adenoma Resection Instruments (FARIn)
Authors: Stefan Gölder, Tina Schaller, Guenter Farin, Helmut Messmann, Andreas Probst
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

The endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps that are limited to the mucosa is a well established procedure. Nevertheless, modern imaging technology and screening programs have increased the detection of benign but large (> 20 mm) polyps. In flat laterally spreading tumors (LST), especially the nongranular (NG) type, the rate of submucosal invasion is found to be as high as 39 % (34 % – 44 %) [1]. For this reason a resection in one piece is mandatory [2].
The evolving subspecialization of psychiatry: implications for the profession
Authors: J Yager, D G Langsley
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

Psychiatry is likely to evolve into a number of subspecialty areas, paralleling developments in other medical specialties. These changes are impelled both from within psychiatry, where the rapid increase in knowledge and skills makes mastery of the entire field by any one practitioner less possible, and from without, related to new expectations for psychiatric services from referral sources and patients, increasing competition by other physicians and nonphysician mental health care providers, and shifting reimbursement patterns. The authors discuss the advantages and disadvantages of subspecialization as well as implications for psychiatric practitioners and training programs.
Development of fatal systemic gas embolism during direct peroral cholangioscopy under carbon dioxide insufflation
Authors: Hiromu Kondo, Itaru Naitoh, Takahiro Nakazawa, Kazuki Hayashi, Yuji Nishi, Shuichiro Umemura, Takashi Joh
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

Direct peroral cholangioscopy (DPOCS) is a useful and effective technique for diagnosis and therapy of biliary tract disease [1] [2] [3]. No instances of a fatal systemic gas embolism developing during DPOCS under carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation have yet been reported.
Psychiatric components of medical and surgical practice: a survey of general hospital physicians
Authors: M A Fauman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

A questionnaire was sent to 206 internists and surgeons asking them to estimate the following: the frequency of psychiatric disorders and behavioral problems among their patients, the type and frequency of psychiatric medication they prescribed, the psychiatric consultation services they most valued, and the type of psychiatric problems they considered emergencies. These physicians estimated that 14% of their patients had significant psychiatric problems; the most frequently mentioned was depression. More than 25% of the physicians prescribed minor tranquilizers, sedatives, and antidepressants at least once a week. Violent behavior was considered a psychiatric emergency by the majority of physicians. There were significant differences between the responses of internists and those of surgeons.
Reimbursement Wars
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

...we are not inclined to condone anti-competitive conduct upon an incantation of "good medical practice." United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, June 16, 1980 Border conflicts among the many healing tribes on the American health-care landscape have traditionally centered on the right to provide services to the public. Lately, however, there's been a shift, and it concerns what promises to be the next great battle-ground in health-care politics: access to reimbursement systems.The right to provide services and be paid by these systems has long been an important element in American health care. But today it's more . . .
Effects of peer review on outpatient psychotherapy: therapist and patient follow-up survey
Authors: L L Luft, L M Sampson, D E Newman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

Interviews with 80 therapists and 50 patients at a community mental health center revealed that peer review effectively monitored the appropriateness of treatment and allocated limited treatment funds without unduly interfering with established treatment patterns, relationships, or outcomes. Most therapists reported receiving helpful consultation from the peer review committee, and the process encouraged them to focus more clearly on treatment goals. On the other hand, patients were concerned about the committee's role in making decisions about their treatment. Therapists noted as a problem the lack of certainty in establishing a treatment contract prior to peer review since the contract with the patient must remain fluid during the evaluation period. The therapists and patients demonstrated remarkable agreement in their assessment of treatment progress and whether further therapy was needed.
Outbreak of a new measles B3 variant in the Roma/Sinti population with transmission in the nosocomial setting, Italy, November 2015 to April 2016
Authors: Antonietta Filia, Antonella Amendola, Marino Faccini, Martina Del Manso, Sabrina Senatore, Silvia Bianchi, Bianca Maria Borrini, Alessio Ciampelli, Elisabetta Tanzi, Maria Teresa Filipponi, Giulia Piccirilli, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Maria Grazia Pascucci, Melissa Baggieri, Fabio Magurano
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2016)

A measles outbreak occurred from November 2015 to April 2016 in two northern Italian regions, affecting the Roma/Sinti ethnic population and nosocomial setting. Overall, 67 cases were reported. Median age of 43 cases in three Roma/Sinti camps was four years, nosocomial cases were mainly adults. The outbreak was caused by a new measles virus B3.1 variant. Immunisation resources and strategies should be directed at groups with gaps in vaccine coverage, e.g. Roma/Sinti and healthcare workers.
Vertebral hemangioma demonstrated by Tc-99m DTPA-human serum albumin SPECT.
Authors: YUSUKE DEMIZU, SHIGERU YAMAJI, YOSHIKI TAKADA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

Author Information From the Department of Radiology, Hyogo Medical Center for Adults, Hyogo, Japan Received for publication April 2, 2001. Accepted August 16, 2001. Correspondence: Yusuke Demizu, Department of Radiology, Hyogo Medical Center for Adults, 13–70 Kitaohji-cho, Akashi-shi, Hyogo 673–8558, Japan. E-mail: [email protected]
Soundings: Count your blessings
Authors: Liam Farrell
Journal: BMJ (2003)

“Ah, the children of the night . . .”

“Yeah yeah, what beautiful music they make yaddyaddyadda,” I said, sitting well away, not from concern for my personal safety (a general practitioner should never show fear), but when your diet is fresh blood your breath stinks. “I'm a busy man, Count, skip the theatrics.”

“I am in a most grave predicament,” he said, in a rich deep voice, which would be ideal for flogging complementary medicines. “This warfarin—so many of my clients are taking it now that it is causing me considerable distress.”

“There, there,” I said, for even vampires deserve counselling, “tell me about it.”

“I bite the neck, the blood flows, I lap it up with eager tongue, the blood clots, I stop. So it has always been. Now the bleeding does not stop, the blood is everywhere, up my nose, on my dress shirt—do you know how expensive these things are nowadays?—and I am a vampire, if I see blood I must drink of it. I even bring along a first aid kit, stick on a little bandage to stop the bleeding.” He gave an embarrassed, mournful shrug. “Yet still I am putting on a little weight.”

“You aren't comfortable with your body,” I observed, comprehending, “hence the big castles.”

“I don't feel good about myself, doctor. The ladies, they used to love me, they would lie there in those come-to-bed nightdresses, the intoxicating scent of garlic filling the air. I love garlic, you know, it's a little joke of mine.” A wintry smile broke through, then his tone briefly became sharper: “This is confidential—right?”

“Of course,” I said.

“Ah,” he whispered, sad again, “how they would scream, how they would moan with rapture, and next morning pretend they remembered but a nightmare. Now they scream only because I am become so fat I am squashing them. ‘Get off me, Porky,’ said one.

“And it gets worse: when I transform into a bat, I am too heavy to take off, I flap and I flap and I flap but I remain squat on the ground; the children of the night, how they snigger and smirk at me. I now must climb the drainpipe, so undignified, what with the extra weight and all. Last night, the drainpipe came down; I got a pain in my chest, I'm breathless, and I'm having palpitations.”

I examined him; the irony was thick. “Your pulse,” I said, “is irregularly irregular . . .”