tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Extraosseous Accumulation of Tc-99m Diphosphonate
Authors: H W Hendel, T Buhl, J Mortensen, L V Toft, B Hesse
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Accumulation of Tc-99m diphosphonate in extraosseous tissue sometimes occurs in patients with hypercalcemia. The phenomenon is associated with microscopic and sometimes with macroscopic calcifications resulting from malignant and nonmalignant disease. We describe one patient with benign disease with diphosphonate accumulation in the lung region and another patient with accumulation of diphosphonate in the stomach caused by disseminated prostate cancer. The findings probably result from microcalcifications facilitated by a low intracellular pH, which occurs in the lungs and the gastric mucosa because of low carbon dioxide pressure and acid secretion, respectively.
AB0755 Urticarial vasculitis: A clinical and histopathologic review
Authors: J. Loricera, V. Calvo-Río, F. Ortiz-Sanjuán, M. González-Lόpez, H. Fernández-Llaca, J. Rueda-Gotor, M. González-Vela, C. Mata-Arnáiz, J. Peña-Sagredo, M. González-Gay, R. Blanco
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Urticarial vasculitis is an infrecuent subset of vasculitis described by McDuffy et al, in 1973, characterized clinically by urticarial skin lesions of more than 24 hours duration and histologically by vasculitis. <h3>Objectives</h3> Our aim was to evaluate the frequency, clinical and pathological features and treatment of UV from a large series of patients with cutaneous vasculitis. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective study of UV from a serie of 565 patients with cutaneous vasculitis of a University Hospital. For the diagnosis of UV, besides urticarial lesions persisting more than 24 hours, a skin biopsy showing necrotizing vasculitis of small vessels was required. <h3>Results</h3> UV was observed in 11 (1.95%) of 565 patients with cutaneous vasculitis. There were 4 men and 7 women, with a mean age of 52.18±19.39 years (range, 14 to 78 years). Precipitating factors and/or possible causes identified were upper respiratory tract infection (1 case), drugs (amoxicillin, 1 case) and a malignancy (megakaryocytic leukemia, 1 case). In addition to urticarial lesions, other features such as palpable purpura (5 patients), arthralgias (5 patients), arthritis (2 patients), abdominal pain (2 patients), and nephropathy (2 patients) were observed. Hypocomplementemia (low C4) was observed in only 1 of the 11 patients. Other Abnormal laboratory data observed were increase of ESR (5 cases), leukocytosis (3 cases), anemia (2 cases), positive ANA (1 case), and positive Rheumatoid Factor (1 case). Neither of the patients with positive ANA or Rheumatoid Factor developed systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis or any other connective-tissue disease. The main histological findings were vascular and perivascular infiltration, endothelial swelling and fibrinoid necrosis. The cellular infiltrate was composed mainly of neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils. The most common treatments were corticosteroids (6 cases), antihistaminic drugs (4 cases), chloroquine (4 cases), colchicine (2 cases), NSAIDs (1 case). Cytotoxic agents were not required in any of the patients. After a mean follow-up of 13±12 months (median 11 months) recurrences were observed in 4 patients. A patient died because of an underlying malignancy while the remaining had full recovery without complications. <h3>Conclusions</h3> UV is a rare subtype of cutaneous vasculitis. In addition to urticarial skin lesions, joint involvement was the most common clinical manifestation. Corticosteroids and antihistaminic drugs are the drugs more commonly used. The prognosis depends on the underlying disease but is usually good. <h3>References</h3> McDuffie FD, Sams WM, Malddonado JE, Andreini PH, Conn DL, Samayoa EA. Hypocomplementemia with cutaneous vasculitis and arthritis. Possible immune complex syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc 1973; 48:340-348, <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Preliminary findings from a patient navigator program with Hispanic women from community clinics in South Texas.
Authors: AG Ramirez, KJ Gallion, AR Miller, LF Velez, SL San Miguel de Majors, M Falkenberg, SV Covarrubias, E Munoz
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5097 A patient navigator program that uses a trained community health worker to assist Hispanic women in utilizing cancer care services has been successfully implemented in South Texas for the past two years. The objectives of this program are to 1) reduce the rate of noncompliance after reception of abnormal breast and cervical cancer screening results, which will in turn reduce the time between screening and the commencement of treatment, and 2) improve patient satisfaction with the health care system experience. Participants include low-income Hispanic women who receive abnormal breast and/or cervical cancer screening results from two community clinics, a Treatment and a Comparison clinic. Participants from both clinics are administered a pre-(baseline) and a post-survey. The pre-survey is administered upon recruitment into the study, and the post-survey is administered six months after the baseline survey. Clinical data about participants' abnormal screening results are also extracted from their medical records. In addition, a patient navigator facilitates scheduling clinic visits, resolving medical problems and avoiding non-medical delays in evaluation for patients participating in the Treatment Arm. This session will present preliminary results, lessons learned, common patient barriers and strategies to address the barriers. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5097.
Abstract 3715: Potent cytotoxins and their prodrugs
Authors: Krishna Mohan Bajjurri, Rajib K. Goswami, Venkata Reddy Erigala, Yuan Liu, Cheng Liu, Subhash C. Sinha
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Epothilones, dolastatins (auristatins), tubulysins, duocarmycins, and enediynes are among the most potent anticancer agents, which inhibit cell growth of cancer cells with a low or subnanomolar activity. Epothilones inhibit tumor growth by stabilizing the microtubules in a manner similar to Taxol. There are hundreds of natural and synthetic epothilones known, and some of them are undergoing clinical trials. One semisynthetic analog, ixabepilone, has also been approved for the treatment of metastatic breat cancer. Similarly, there are numerous dolastatins, their synthetic analogs - auristatins, and tubulysins known, of which auristatins are currently being developed by Seattle Genetics, Inc. These compounds also inhibit microtubules, however unlike epothilones and Taxol, they function by destabilizing the microtubules. The other compounds, duocarmycins and enediynes, cause toxicity by interacting with DNA; duocarmycins alkylate DNA whereas enediynes cleave. At least one enediyne antibody conjugate, Mylotarg (or Gemtuzumab ozogamycin), prepared from calicheamicin and targeted to CD33, is an approved therapy for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Not surprisingly, most of these naturally occurring compounds or their synthetic analogs also cause nonselective toxicities to the rapidly dividing normal cells, including those from hair follicles, bone marrow, and gastrointestinal lining. To minimize such indiscriminate toxicity, these compounds can be conjugated to tumor-targeting antibodies, as the case is with auristatins and calicheamicin. While we are developing antibody conjugates, we have also been focusing on a prodrug approach, in that the prodrugs can be activated selectively in tumor and tumor microenvironments by the endogenous tumor-associated proteases. Alternatively, an exogenous enzyme, such as aldolase antibody, 38C2, that are directed using low molecular weight inhibitors of the cell surface receptors overexpressed in tumor cells and tumor microenvironments, can also catalyze the prodrug activation. In this presentation, we will be discussing our studies toward the synthesis and evaluation of many of these cytotoxins and/or their prodrugs, especially those belonging to the auristatins. The prodrugs are targeting to integrins and/or proteases, and activated by the aldolase antibody or the tumor-associated proteases. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3715.
TCT-374 Long-term Survival and Neurological Outcome of In-hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients Rescued by Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Jin-Ho Choi, Tae-Gun Shin, Young-Bin Song, Joo-Yong Hahn, Seung-Hyuk Choi, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Heparin Administration after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Richard A. Carleton, Charles A. Sanders, W. R. Burack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

HEPARIN has been proved an effective agent for the prevention of intravascular thrombosis in laboratory animals1 and is more effective than bis-hydroxycoumarin in preventing thrombosis of stagnant, venous blood.2 Despite these and other3 suggestions that it should decrease thromboembolic complications, heparin has had only one major clinical trial in patients with acute myocardial infarction,4 whereas bishydroxycoumarin and its congeners have been extensively studied.5 This report concerns a study of anticoagulation with heparin after acute myocardial infarction.Material and MethodsAll patients with a tentative admission diagnosis of acute (less than forty-eight hours old) myocardial infarction admitted to the Second and . . .
Up to 40% of premature deaths in US are preventable, says CDC
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

If all US states achieved the same death rates for the top five causes of death—heart disease, cancer, chronic lower respiratory diseases, stroke, and unintentional injury—as those achieved by the states with the lowest rate for each cause, 20% to 40% of premature deaths in the United States could be prevented, the Centers …
AB1199 Anxiety is associated with antiribosomal p antibody in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: H. Aldar, A.T. Lapa, B. Belini, N.A. Sinicato, M. Postal, P. Fernandes, L.T.L. Costallat, R. Marini, S. Appenzeller
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the prevalence of the anti-ribosomal P (anti-P) antibodies in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients (cSLE) and to elucidate the association between anti-P and disease activity, laboratory and treatment features in cSLE patients <h3>Methods</h3> We included consecutive SLE patients with disease onset before the age of 16 (cSLE), first-degree relatives and age and healthy age and sex matched controls. cSLE patients were assessed for disease activity [SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)], damage [Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI)] and current drug exposures. Mood disorders were determined through Becks Depression and Becks Anxiety Inventory (BDI and BAI). Anti-P was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using commercial kits. Clinical/laboratorial manifestations, disease activity, cumulative damage and drugs undertaken were assessed at time of blood withdrawal <h3>Results</h3> We included 50 cSLE patients (mean age 16.82±3.46), 35 first-degree relatives (mean age 38.73±3.89) and 20 health controls (mean age 18.3±4.97). Anti-P was present in 13 (26%) cSLE patients. No first-degree relatives or controls presented anti-P (p&lt;0.01). The presence of anti-P was associated with anxiety on cSLE (p&lt;0,002). No other clinical/laboratorial manifestations or treatment were associated with anti-P in cSLE. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Anti-P is frequently observed in cSLE patients and was associated with anxiety in this cohort. Grants FAPESP: 2008/02917-0; 2009/13046-3 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> H. Aldar Grant/Research support from: FAPESP 2009/13046-3, A. Lapa Grant/Research support from: FAPESP 2010/13639-1, B. Belini Grant/Research support from: FAPESP 2009/12343-4, N. Sinicato Grant/Research support from: FAPESP 2010/13637-9, M. Postal Grant/Research support from: FAPESP 2009/10744-1, P. Fernandes: None Declared, L. Costallat: None Declared, R. Marini: None Declared, S. Appenzeller Grant/Research support from: FAPESP 2008/02917-0; Conselho Nacional Pesquisa Desenvolvimento-Brasil CNPq (300447/2009-4)
S24 Profile of the Airway Microbiome in COPD Using MALDI-TOF
Authors: SJ Thurston, TD McHugh, GC Donaldson, JA Wedzicha
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Bacterial infections are well known to have an association with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis often seen at exacerbation. Many microbiome studies have relied on molecular methods which can be prolonged and expensive. The use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) offers an efficient and economical approach to the evaluation of the airway microbiome, necessary to increase knowledge of the role of the microbial community in COPD. <h3>Aims</h3> To identify the range and diversity of bacteria which form the airway microbiome in COPD To consider whether the MALDI-TOF is an appropriate method for this study. <h3>Methods</h3> 44 patients from the London COPD cohort produced 65 sputum samples at baseline and exacerbation mean (±SD) age 73.7 years (±9.4); predicted FEV1 50.7% (±18.12); male gender 77.5%; exacerbation samples 47.7%. Sputum samples are initially sent to the NHS Royal Free Trust microbiology lab where traditional culture methods are performed. Once processed the agar plates were collected and different colonies are spotted onto target plates and loaded onto the MALDI-TOF MALDI-TOF profile spectrum is then generated allowing for data interpretation. Isolates that were defined as pathogenic were removed from the data with those classified as typical bacteria were then included separately. Results: Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Rothia and Neisseria are the most dominant genera seen in baseline and exacerbation NRTF samples at the genus level contributing to 85, 28, 20 and 18 percent respectively. MALDI-TOF identified 25 NRTF groups at genus level in the COPD samples. In the typical pathogenic genus groups Haemophilus is the most dominant group identified by this method. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The MALDI-TOF identifies a diverse bacterial range in COPD patients including pathogenic organisms and those defined as NRTF The MALDI-TOF is quick and inexpensive, as well as efficient which is an advantage over molecular assays.
The benefit of celiac ganglion injection remains unclear
Authors: Anand Sahai
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

The recently published paper by Doi et al. [1] concluded that endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided celiac ganglion neurolysis (CGN) with ganglion injection is more effective than EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis (CPN). It is crucial to consider that CPN can be performed with a “central” technique (as used in the Doi study) or a “bilateral” technique. I respectfully submit that readers should not conclude that CGN with ganglion injection is more effective than either bilateral or central CPN without ganglion injection, or that attempts to inject the ganglion will always improve outcomes. I believe that bilateral CPN may be just as effective as EUS-guided CGN.
Lead in Hair of Children with Chronic Lead Poisoning
Authors: Louis Kopito, Randolph K. Byers, Harry Shwachman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE present study explores the quantitative analysis of lead in hair as an aid in the diagnosis of chronic, mild or subacute lead poisoning in children. Hair, one of the lesser known sites for lead accumulation, concentrates more lead per unit weight than any other tissue or body fluid, including bone, blood and urine.1 2 3 4 In healthy persons the concentration of lead in scalp hair may be from two to five times greater than in bone, about ten to fifty times higher than in blood, and from a hundred to five hundred times greater than that excreted in urine.5 Hair presents . . .
NEJM Group — More Offerings, Mission Unchanged
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

You and all of us have changed the way we seek and use information in our professional lives. In the early 1990s you had to carry a lot of information in your head, and you then spent hours, sometimes days, tracking this information in a library to confirm and expand on it if you were going to use it in your practice or research. Now the Internet has made vast amounts of information instantly available, but how can you as a medical professional separate reliable, unbiased information from hype? The answer is brand. When you search, you focus on brands . . .
The Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis with 417 Courses of Gold
Authors: Abraham Cohen, Joel Goldman, Alfred W. Dubbs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

MUCH has been written on the subject of gold as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its merits are apparently undeniable, but its mode of action is still a matter of conjecture. There seems to be general agreement that gold is a dangerous drug and that extreme caution must be exercised in its administration. In this paper we wish to emphasize the matter of untoward reactions and the lack of influence of vitamin therapy on reactions as well as on treatment.In 1943, two of us1 reported the results of the treatment of 122 cases of rheumatoid . . .
Abstract 1720: Activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ mutant promotes tumor growth <i>in vivo</i> by enhancing angiogenesis
Authors: Jie Zhou, Lifeng Tian, Mathew C. Casimiro, Richard G. Pestell, Chenguang Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract PPARγ, originally cloned as a transcription factor involved in fat cell differentiation, is activated by endogenous ligands, such as fatty acids produced by sterol response element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and fatty acids synthase (FASN) pathways and synthetic ligands including the thiazolidinediones (TZD). PPARγ is expressed in a variety of cancer cells. Independent lines of evidence support a role for PPARγ to either inhibit or promote tumorigenesis. Human breast cancer is associated with ErbB2 amplification or overexpression in &amp;gt;30% of patients. Although PPARγ is reduced in ErbB2 induced tumor, the role of PPARγ in growth control of ErbB2-induced tumorigenesis is poorly understood. The addition of ligand activates the receptor by inducing a conformational change in the receptor, which can be recapitulated by mutation. To investigate the role of activated PPARγ signaling in breast cancer, we compared the function of a constitutively active PPARγ (PγCA) mutant with the wild-type PPARγ in ErbB2-induced mammary tumorigenesis in vivo. Tumor cells transduced with either PPARγ or PγCA were implanted into immune competent FVB mice. Enhanced tumor growth was observed in PγCA-transduced cells, which was associated with increased angiogenesis and endothelial stem cells as evidenced by increased number of cells stained with von Willebrand factor (vWF), c-Kit, CD133 and CD31. Genome-wide expression profiling identified a group of genes within the angiogenesis pathway, including Angptl4, as targets of activated PPARγ. PγCA also induced Angptl4 protein secretion in ErbB2-transformed mammary epithelial cells. Angptl4 promoted vascular endothelial cell migration and conversely immuno-depletion of Angptl4 reduced PγCA-mediated cellular migration. Collectively, these studies suggest that activated PPARγ induces Angptl4 to promote tumor growth through enhanced angiogenesis in vivo. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1720.
Abstract 1356: Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor - potential role in targeted therapy in kidney neoplasma via angiogenic inhibition
Authors: Jie Cai, Ning Zhang, Xueqing Zhao, Dan Su, Xiaoming Song, Liyang Wu, Wei Wang, Yanmei Sun, Qian Shi, Taiping Chen, Yong Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI, also known as TNFSF15) is an anti-angiogenic cytokine found to be associated with tumour-related vasculature in certain maligancies. Three isoforms, VEGI 251, VEGI192, and VEGI174, have been identified, all sharing a common extracellular domain of 151 C-terminal amino acid sequence critical for biological activity of all three isoforms. Previous studies showed tumor inhibitory effect of truncated recombinant VEGI proteins in breast and colorectal cancer xenograft models, however, the antitumor activity of the full length VEGI molecules have not been well characterized in other malignancies, including kidney neoplasm. The objective of the present study was set to evaluate biological impact of forced expression of full length VEGI-174 in a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell line, 786-O, and in 786-O derived xenograft models. We found that Increased VEGI-174 expression in 786-O cells did not affect cell growth and apoptosis in vitro, but did reduce cell adhesion and the ability of endothelial cells to form capillary-like structures in co-culture. Subcutaneous xenograft models were successfully established using the 786-O RCC cells with or without forced expression of VEGI-174. Significantly reduced tumor volume, accompanied by reduced tumor microvessel density and decreased Ki67 and VEGFR2 expression, was observed in animals injected with VEGI-174 transfected 786-O cells compared to those in the control groups. Our results demonstrated that increased expression of full length VEGI-174 in RCC 786-O cells resulted in significant reduction in tumor volume most likely via angiogenic inhibition rather than on tumor growth per se. Despite the lack of antitumor effect of full length VEGI174 in some xenograft tumor models in other studies, our results suggest that antitumor effect of the full length VEGI-174 may be cancer type specific, and VEGI-174 may still be a valuable candidate toward angiogenesis based cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1356. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1356
Relevance of short-term carcinogenicity tests to the study of the carcinogenic potential of urban air.
Authors: D G Harnden
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

It is now accepted that screening for carcinogens in animals is expensive and demonstrates carcinogenic potential rather than actual carcinogenicity in man. A number of short-term tests which depend on mutagenicity, stimulation of DNA repair, ability to produce chromosome damage or other actions, and which correlate at least to some extent with carcinogenic potential, have been devised. These have the advantages of being rapid and cheap. Some can be carried out by using human cells. They may have advantages in the context of air pollution since they are sensitive down to very low dose levels and since they can deal with complex mixtures. Combinations of such tests may be of more value than any single test. Their particular value may be as a preliminary screening procedure in a tiered testing programme which may have high predictive efficiency.