tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Further Studies in the Use of Furacin in Dermatology
Authors: John Godwin Downing, F. Wellington Brecker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

FROM August, 1946, to September 10, 1947, 278 additional cases of dermatoses were treated with furacin (5-nitro-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone) soluble dressing and furacin solution by the Dermatologic Department of the Boston City Hospital. The diseases treated and the results obtained are presented in Table 1. It will be noted that the results obtained were similar to those in the original report.¶ Again, the drug showed itself to be effective in the treatment of pyogenic infections—impetigo contagiosa, ecthyma and hypostatic and decubitus ulcers — and of some value in the treatment of infectious eczematoid dermatitides. However, the danger of sensitization in the latter . . .
Results of Bilateral Supradiaphragmatic Splanchnicectomy for Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Max Minor Peet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

ARTERIAL hypertension, usually designated as essential hypertension, is a highly complex disease syndrome. Its manifestations are many and varied, making a true evaluation of any form of therapy extremely difficult. This is further complicated by the normal progress of the disease, which encompasses the extremes from a fatal termination in a few months to a seemingly benign course of many years. Arterial hypertension is never actually benign, however, and the term should not be used. Sooner or later, damage to the brain, heart or kidneys will surely result. The term "essential" is also a misnomer. The elevation of the blood . . .
Abstract 2822: Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug prescriptions after diagnosis and upper aerodigestive tract cancer survival
Authors: Tatiana V. Macfarlane
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Aspirin and other NSAIDs are widely used as analgesics and preventative agents for vascular events. Research evidence supports an effect of aspirin in reducing overall cancer incidence and mortality in the general population. Data on the chemo preventative role of these drugs on the mortality in patients with upper aerodigestive tract cancer (UADT) are insufficient. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aspirin and other NSAIDs prescriptions after cancer diagnosis on the survival in UADT cancer patients. Patients with UADT cancer (oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx or esophagus) were identified from the Primary Care Clinical Informatics Unit (PCCIU) database which contains information from a sample of general medical practices in Scotland, United Kingdom. Cox regression was used for statistical data analysis. There were 2,392 cases of UADT cancer diagnosed between 1996 and 2010 from 131 general medical practices. The mean age of patients was 66 years (SD 12), and most were male (63%). Median survival in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients was 94 months, while median survival in oesophageal cancer patients was 10 months. For HNC, improved survival was observed with aspirin prescription (ever vs never Hazard Ration (HR) = 0.5 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.4, 0.7) and other NSAIDs prescription (ever vs never HR = 0.7 95% CI 0.6, 0.9), however there was no association with COX-2 prescriptions. For oesophageal cancer patients, improved survival was observed with aspirin prescriptions (ever vs never HR = 0.5 95% CI 0.5, 0.6), Cox-2 prescriptions (HR = 0.8 95% CI 0.6, 0.9) and other NSAIDs (HR = 0.7 95% CI 0.6, 0.8). Conclusion: Aspirin and other NSAIDs prescriptions after diagnosis may reduce all-cause mortality in UADT cancer patients. Citation Format: Tatiana V. Macfarlane. Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug prescriptions after diagnosis and upper aerodigestive tract cancer survival. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2822. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2822
An Acute-Leukemia Antigen: Correlation with Clinical Status
Authors: Roger H. Halterman, Brigid G. Leventhal, Dean L. Mann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Antiserums to a purified cell-membrane component from the tissue-culture cell line RAJI, produced in rabbits, are cytotoxic to leukocytes from patients with leukemia, but not to leukocytes from normal persons. This cytotoxic effect of the antiserums was found in 10 patients with acute leukemia in relapse, but nine of the 10 lost this reactivity as they achieved bone-marrow remission. One patient who did not enter remission did not lose reactivity. These antiserums appear to be capable of detecting an antigen associated with acute leukemia in relapse.
US Intergroup Trial of Response-Adapted Therapy for Stage III to IV Hodgkin Lymphoma Using Early Interim Fluorodeoxyglucose–Positron Emission Tomography Imaging: Southwest Oncology Group S0816
Authors: Oliver W. Press, Hongli Li, Heiko Schöder, David J. Straus, Craig H. Moskowitz, Michael LeBlanc, Lisa M. Rimsza, Nancy L. Bartlett, Andrew M. Evens, Erik S. Mittra, Ann S. LaCasce, John W. Sweetenham, Paul M. Barr, Michelle A. Fanale, Michael V. Knopp, Ariela Noy, Eric D. Hsi, James R. Cook, Mary Jo Lechowicz, Randy D. Gascoyne, John P. Leonard, Brad S. Kahl, Bruce D. Cheson, Richard I. Fisher, Jonathan W. Friedberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

Purpose Four US National Clinical Trials Network components (Southwest Oncology Group, Cancer and Leukemia Group B/Alliance, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, and the AIDS Malignancy Consortium) conducted a phase II Intergroup clinical trial that used early interim fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging to determine the utility of response-adapted therapy for stage III to IV classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Patients and Methods The Southwest Oncology Group S0816 (Fludeoxyglucose F 18-PET/CT Imaging and Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Additional Chemotherapy and G-CSF in Treating Patients With Stage III or Stage IV Hodgkin Lymphoma) trial enrolled 358 HIV-negative patients between July 1, 2009, and December 2, 2012. A PET scan was performed after two initial cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) and was labeled PET2. PET2-negative patients (Deauville score 1 to 3) received an additional four cycles of ABVD, whereas PET2-positive patients (Deauville score 4 to 5) were switched to escalated bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (eBEACOPP) for six cycles. Among 336 eligible and evaluable patients, the median age was 32 years (range, 18 to 60 years), with 52% stage III, 48% stage IV, 49% International Prognostic Score 0 to 2, and 51% score 3 to 7. Results Three hundred thirty-six of the enrolled patients were evaluable. Central review of the interim PET2 scan was performed in 331 evaluable patients, with 271 (82%) PET2-negative and 60 (18%) PET2-positive. Of 60 eligible PET2-positive patients, 49 switched to eBEACOPP as planned and 11 declined. With a median follow-up of 39.7 months, the Kaplan-Meier estimate for 2-year overall survival was 98% (95% CI, 95% to 99%), and the 2-year estimate for progression-free survival (PFS) was 79% (95% CI, 74% to 83%). The 2-year estimate for PFS in the subset of patients who were PET2-positive after two cycles of ABVD was 64% (95% CI, 50% to 75%). Both nonhematologic and hematologic toxicities were greater in the eBEACOPP arm than in the continued ABVD arm. Conclusion Response-adapted therapy based on interim PET imaging after two cycles of ABVD seems promising with a 2-year PFS of 64% for PET2-positive patients, which is much higher than the expected 2-year PFS of 15% to 30%.
Mitral Annular Calcification and the Risk of Stroke in an Elderly Cohort
Authors: Emelia J. Benjamin, Jonathan F. Plehn, Ralph B. D'Agostino, Albert J. Belanger, Kathy Comai, Deborah L. Fuller, Philip A. Wolf, Daniel Levy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Previous clinical studies have suggested that there is an association between mitral annular calcification and the risk of stroke, but it is unclear whether this association is independent of the traditional risk factors for stroke. We examined the relation between mitral annular calcification and the incidence of stroke in a population-based study.
A basic residency curriculum concerning the chronically mentally ill
Authors: L R Faulkner, D L Cutler, D D Krohn, R M Factor, S M Goldfinger, C R Goldman, H R Lamb, H Lefley, K Minkoff, S R Schwartz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

In this paper a group of knowledgeable individuals with expertise in psychiatric education present their recommendations for a basic psychiatric residency curriculum concerning the chronically mentally ill. The proposed curriculum consists of knowledge, skill, and attitude educational objectives, as well as clinical experiences, faculty supervision, didactics and seminars, and evaluation mechanisms. Recommendations are also made concerning changes in the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's Special Requirements for Residency Training in Psychiatry, which would require residency programs to place more emphasis on training to meet the needs of the chronically mentally ill. Obstacles to the implementation of the proposed recommendations are presented and possible solutions are discussed.
Legal Hegemony in Medicine
Authors: F.J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

When Caspar Weinberger, then Secretary of HEW, published a series of so-called utilization-review regulations in the Federal Register, in November, 1974, the medical profession was understandably outraged. Particularly unrealistic and galling was the requirement that review of hospitalized Medicare and Medicaid patients had to be accomplished within 24 hours of their admission. Although protests were vigorous, they appeared to elicit no more than the usual and customary disregard, if not disdain. In February of this year, the AMA, therefore, acted to take the issue to court — the first time that such action had ever been attempted by the . . .
Further Experience with Colchicine in the Treatment of Sarcoid Arthritis
Authors: Herbert Kaplan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

IN a previous report1 I described my experience with colchicine in 2 patients with sarcoid arthritis. In the first, each of four acute bouts of joint inflammation was abruptly terminated in less than twenty-four hours by therapeutic levels of colchicine. Four untreated attacks persisted for five to fourteen days. In the second patient, a painful knee effusion of two months' duration responded dramatically to colchicine. Since that time 3 more patients with sarcoid arthritis have made a rapid recovery after receiving colchicine.Case ReportsCase 1. J.G., a 35-year-old man, complained of intermittent fever for 2 weeks, and during the . . .
Biallelic <i>NTHL1</i> Mutations in a Woman with Multiple Primary Tumors
Authors: Barbara Rivera, Ester Castellsagué, Ismaël Bah, Léon C van Kempen, William D Foulkes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

A patient is described with multiple cancers and compound heterozygous mutations in NTHL1, a recently described polyposis gene. The involvement of a second causative mutation is reported.
Case 14-1970
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. McNeely, Edgar Haber, James B. Caulfield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Presentation of CaseA fifty-seven-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for elective surgery.He had been well until one year before admission, when he had a febrile illness with a cough, shortness of breath and orthopnea. He was told by a physician that he had a heart murmur, which had not been detected on a previous insurance physical examination. A diagnosis of pneumonia was made, and antibiotic therapy was given. In the ensuing weeks exertional dyspnea and intermittent pain in the anterior portion of the chest occurred. Admission to another hospital was occasioned by an episode of acute pulmonary . . .
Radiographic Detection of Strut Separations in Björk–Shiley Convexo-Concave Mitral Valves
Authors: William W. O'Neill, James G. Chandler, Richard E. Gordon, Donovan M. Bakalyar, Amir H. Abolfathi, Mark D. Castellani, Jamie Lee Hirsch, David W. Wieting, Joseph S. Bassett, Karen C. Beatty, Mary Ann Soltis, Gerald C. Timmis, Cindy L. Grines
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

The outlet struts of Björk–Shiley convexo-concave heart valves can occasionally fracture. By December 31, 1994, 564 complete strut fractures had been reported to the manufacturer, approximately two thirds of which were fatal. There are no reliable diagnostic methods to detect valves that may be at risk for strut fracture. The outlet strut has two legs, and one leg often appears to break before the other, potentially permitting detection of the single-leg separation while the valve is still functionally intact.
OncoNEM: inferring tumor evolution from single-cell sequencing data
Authors: Edith M. Ross, Florian Markowetz
Journal: Genome biology (2016)

Single-cell sequencing promises a high-resolution view of genetic heterogeneity and clonal evolution in cancer. However, methods to infer tumor evolution from single-cell sequencing data lag behind methods developed for bulk-sequencing data. Here, we present OncoNEM, a probabilistic method for inferring intra-tumor evolutionary lineage trees from somatic single nucleotide variants of single cells. OncoNEM identifies homogeneous cellular subpopulations and infers their genotypes as well as a tree describing their evolutionary relationships. In simulation studies, we assess OncoNEM's robustness and benchmark its performance against competing methods. Finally, we show its applicability in case studies of muscle-invasive bladder cancer and essential thrombocythemia.
The Declining Incidence of Stroke
Authors: W. Michael Garraway, Jack P. Whisnant, Anthony J. Furlan, Lawrence H. Phillips, Leonard T. Kurland, W. Michael O'Fallon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

A major decline in the incidence of stroke occurred in the population of Rochester, Minnesota, during the period 1945 to 1974. For every 100 first episodes of stroke that occurred per unit of population during the period 1945–49, only 55 occurred in the period 1970–74. Although the decline was present in both sexes and in all age groups, the reduction in rates was more pronounced in the elderly. There was no major change in age at onset. Analysis of cohorts born during successive five-year periods from 1865 to 1915 confirmed the decreasing incidence rate in all age groups. (N Engl J Med 300:449–452, 1979)
Total Esophagogastric Replacement after Ingestion of Household Ammonia
Authors: Richard W. Ernst, Milton Leventhal, Ronaldo Luna, Henry Martinez
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE ingestion of caustics, either suicidal or accidental, is a worldwide problem and by no means rare. Household-ammonia water, in contrast to lye, is a less commonly ingested agent, and severe complications are rare. Two cases of antral stricture have been reported by Norton.1 In addition he discussed 3 cases with complications that followed ingestion of ammonia. In the case reported below, swallowing of ammonia was followed by gastric necrosis, esophageal perforation and duodenal and jejunal strictures, with survival after three lifesaving operations. As far as we know no other case of gastric perforation after ingestion of alkali with survival . . .
Observations on the Repeated Administration of Viruses to a Patient with Acute Leukemia
Authors: E. Frederick Wheelock, John H. Dingle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

RECENT demonstrations by electron-microscopic1 2 3 and epidemiologic methods4 suggest that human acute leukemia is a viral disease. Experiments performed with mice with virus-induced leukemia show that inoculations of other viruses can ameliorate the disease.5 These findings suggest that viruses could be used to modify the disease in man either by a direct oncolytic effect or through the phenomenon of viral interference. The temporary remissions in human leukemia that occasionally follow severe viral infections6 , 7 may, if causally related, support this hypothesis.During the last hundred years many different chemical and biologic materials have been administered to patients in attempts to discover an . . .
The six IOM quality aims in practice: A multidisciplinary assessment of the scope and focus of quality activities in oncology.
Authors: Mark Hurwitz, Amy Harrison, Laura Doyle, Voichita Bar-Ad, John Smyles, Joshua Siglin, Susan Munro, Alisa Itri, Kathleen Wilson, Nicholas DeGregorio, Daniel Clancy, Ann Lowther, Adam Dicker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

44 Background: Strategies to address quality have evolved through adaptation of best practices, need to address institutional priorities, and mandates from accreditation organizations. Therefore evolution of QA/QI practice has been mostly reactive in nature. In the IOM report “The Quality Chasm” 6 key quality aims were identified: safety, timeliness efficacy, equitability, patient centeredness, and efficiency. To date however, a comprehensive assessment of the relationship of quality activities in oncology to these aims has not previously been reported. We hypothesized that there is variability in focus and scope of quality related activities in oncology as they pertain to the IOM key quality aims. Methods: Multidisciplinary quality activities in our department were identified by our quality committee. For each activity, 10 committee members individually identified in their opinion which of the 6 IOM quality aims were addressed by that activity and ranked in order the relative focus of each identified aim per activity. The percentage of respondents associating an aim to an activity and relative focus score per activity (1-6 with 1 representing the primary focus) were tabulated. Results: Imbalance with emphasis on safety was noted. Average relative focus scores linking the six quality aims to each quality activity are shown in the Table. Conclusions: Review of department quality activities revealed imbalances in focus on the IOM quality aims. While there is relative emphasis on safety as expected, opportunities exist for development of activities focused on other quality aims including timeliness and equitability. [Table: see text]
Neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy (CT) for triple-negative locally advanced breast cancer (LABC): Retrospective analysis of 125 patients
Authors: J. P. Leone, V. Guardiola, A. Venkatraman, M. D. Pegram, C. Welsh, O. Silva, R. Larrieux, D. Franchesci, C. Gomez, J. Hurley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

625 Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), defined by lack of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, accounts for 15–20% of all breast cancers and is associated with poor prognosis. There is no consensus regarding optimal CT for treatment of such patients. Preclinical data suggests TNBC may be sensitive to platinums because of deficiencies in BRCA-associated DNA repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate pathologic complete response (pCR) and overall survival (OS) in patients with TNBC treated with neoadjuvant platinum-based CT. Methods: We identified 674 patients with LABC who received neoadjuvant CT between January 1999 and June 2008 at University of Miami. Of these, 125 (18.5%) had histopathologic confirmation of TNBC. All patients received neoadjuvant platinum salts + docetaxel. 76 (61%) also received neoadjuvant AC, while 42 (34%) received adjuvant AC. pCR was defined as no residual invasive disease in breast and axilla. OS was calculated according to Kaplan-Meier. Results: Demographics: median age 50 (28–86 years). 60% premenopausal. TNM stage distribution: T1 0.9%, T2 5.2%, T3 53.4%, T4 40.5%, N0 25.0%, N1 36.2%, N2 35.4%, N3 3.4%, M0 100%, inflammatory 11%, median tumor size = 9.5 cm. Follow up duration ranged from 0.3 to 8.9 years. pCR was observed in 42 of 125 patients (34%; 95% CI 26–43%). Among patients receiving neoadjuvant AC, 30 of 76 (40%; 95% CI 28–51%) had pCR, while amongst those receiving adjuvant AC, 12 of 42 (29%, 95% CI 16–45%) had pCR at the time of definitive surgery. Patients achieving pCR had significantly higher OS (5-yr rate = 73% in pCR, vs. 49% in non-pCR; p &lt; 0.001). OS in TNBC patients receiving cisplatin/docetaxel was significantly superior to those receiving carboplatin/docetaxel (11 mortality events out of 78 patients receiving cisplatin based CT vs 24 out of 47 receiving carboplatin based CT logrank p = 0.001). Conclusions: To date, this is the largest single institution cohort of locally advanced TNBC uniformly treated with platinum+docetaxel-based CT regimens. Platinum/docetaxel-based neoadjuvant CT provided high rates of pCR and excellent OS for women with locally advanced TNBC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Cytomegalovirus Immune Globulin and Seronegative Blood Products to Prevent Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection after Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Raleigh A. Bowden, Merlin Sayers, Nancy Flournoy, Barbara Newton, Meera Banaji, E. Donnall Thomas, Joel D. Meyers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

In an attempt to prevent primary cytomegalovirus infection after marrow transplantation, we randomly assigned 97 patients who were seronegative for antibody to cytomegalovirus before transplantation to receive one of the following: (1) both intravenous cytomegalovirus immune globulin and seronegative blood products (23 patients); (2) seronegative blood products alone (28 patients); (3) globulin alone (22 patients); or (4) neither treatment (24 patients). Patients not assigned to receive seronegative blood products received unscreened blood products from random donors. The incidence of cytomegalovirus infection according to study group among patients in the study for at least 62 days was 5 percent, 13 percent, 24 percent, and 40 percent, respectively. Among 57 patients with seronegative marrow donors, those who received seronegative blood products had significantly less infection (1 of 32) than those who received standard blood products (8 of 25, P less than 0.007). In contrast, the use of seronegative blood products did not appear to prevent cytomegalovirus infection among patients with seropositive marrow donors. The possibility that cytomegalovirus immune globulin as used in this study can prevent cytomegalovirus infection or ameliorate cytomegalovirus disease was not confirmed, and it cannot be recommended for routine use without additional study.