tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P8 Unique outbreak of occupational asthma in toolmakers caused by chrome
Authors: G. Walters, V. Moore, A. Vellore, A. Robertson, P. Burge
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> We describe a unique outbreak of occupational asthma in toolmakers due to chrome. We investigated four employees of a medium-sized manufacturer of precision jet-engine parts for work-related asthma at our city hospital Occupational Lung Disease Unit. <h3>Case Series</h3> The four patients were aged between 35 and 56 and three of them had never smoked. They presented with new onset asthma and rhinitis symptoms that were subsequently diagnosed as occupational based on 2-h peak expiratory flow measurements (OASYS-2 scores range: 3.25–4.00). Two of the patients had impaired lung function at diagnosis. One case showed a dual asthmatic response and two cases showed early asthmatic reactions to potassium dichromate 2 mg/ml on specific inhalation challenges. The fourth case had a small late reaction only to cobalt chloride 10 mg/ml. (Abstract P8 Figure 1). <h3>Discussion</h3> All workers were sensitised within the preceding 5 years, before which the metalworking fluid brand and composition was changed. The latency onset of symptoms ranged from 6 to 24 months. This suggests leaching of the chrome and cobalt into this particular oil. Skin prick responsiveness and exhaled nitric oxide were not good predictors of airways response. Occupational asthma caused by chrome sensitisation is rare but has been described in electroplaters (1), steel welders (2) and construction workers (3); this is the first outbreak in toolmakers.
Pet Theft Act Passes Senate
Authors: M. C. Knipmeyer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Journal Article Pet Theft Act Passes Senate Get access Mary C. Knipmeyer, Ph.D. Mary C. Knipmeyer, Ph.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 80, Issue 14, 21 September 1988, Page 1092, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.14.1092 Published: 21 September 1988
Abstract 1464: Significance and therapeutic potential of PELP1 axis in ER-negative breast cancer
Authors: Ratna K. Vadlamudi, Sudipa Saha Roy
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The molecular basis of breast cancer progression to metastasis remains poorly understood. Even though ER and PR explain the biology of ER-positive tumors; it remains unknown as to what drives ER-negative metastatic tumors. PELP1 is an ER coregulator that functions as a proto-oncogene, its expression is deregulated in metastatic breast tumors and its expression is retained in ER-negative tumors. In this study, we examined the mechanism and significance of PELP1 mediated signaling in ER-negative breast cancer progression. We have established ER-negative model cells (MDA-MB231 and 4T1 cells) that stably express PELP1-shRNA. These model cells showed decreased PELP1 expression (75% of endogenous levels) and exhibited decreased propensity to proliferate in in vitro growth assays. Boyden chamber and wound healing assays showed PELP1 down regulation substantially affect migration of ER-negative cells and showed alterations in the expression of the EMT markers. Focused microarray studies identified PELP1 modulate expression of eight genes involved in the EMT (including MMPs, E-cadherin, MTA1). Overexpression of PELP1 in nonmetastatic cells increases their propensity for metastasis in vivo xenograft assays, while, PELP1 knockdown in metastatic model cells decreased in vivo metastatic potential of ER negative breast cancer cells. Whole genome microRNA array analysis revealed that miR 200a and miR141 were upregulated in MDA-MB231 and 4T1 cells expressing PELP1-shRNA compared to control shRNA expressing cells. Over expression of PELP1 in low metastatic model cells decreased expression of miR 200a and miR141. Mechanistic studies showed PELP1 down regulate expression of metastasis suppressive microRNAs (miR 200a and miR141) by promoting chromatin modifications. Ectopic expression of miR 200a and miR141 mimetics decreased PELP1 oncogenic function in ER-negative cells. These results suggest that PELP1 play a role in ER-negative breast cancer metastasis by promoting cell motility / EMT by modulating microRNA expression and blockage of PELP1 axis has potential to reduce metastasis potential of ER-negative breast cancer cells. Understanding how NR coregulator PELP1 plays a role in metastasis will be useful in maximizing treatment opportunities for metastatic breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1464. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1464
The impact of coexisting genetic mutations on murine optic glioma biology
Authors: Aparna Kaul, Joseph A. Toonen, Scott M. Gianino, David H. Gutmann
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Children with the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) tumor predisposition syndrome are prone to the development of optic pathway gliomas resulting from biallelic inactivation of the NF1 gene. Recent studies have revealed the presence of other molecular alterations in a small portion of these NF1-associated brain tumors. The purpose of this study was to leverage Nf1 genetically engineered mouse strains to define the functional significance of these changes to optic glioma biology. Nf1+/− mice were intercrossed with Nf1flox/flox mice, which were then crossed with Nf1flox/flox; GFAP-Cre mice, to generate Nf1flox/mut; GFAP-Cre (FMC) mice. These mice were additionally mated with conditional KIAA1549:BRAF knock-in or Ptenflox/wt mice to generate Nf1flox/mut; f-BRAF; GFAP-Cre (FMBC) mice or Nf1flox/mut; Ptenflox/wt; GFAP-Cre (FMPC) mice, respectively. The resulting optic gliomas were analyzed for changes in tumor volume, proliferation, and retinal ganglion cell loss. While KIAA1549:BRAF conferred no additional biological properties on Nf1 optic glioma, FMPC mice had larger optic gliomas with greater proliferative indices and microglial infiltration. In addition, all 3 Nf1 murine optic glioma strains exhibited reduced retinal ganglion cell survival and numbers; however, FMPC mice had greater retinal nerve fiber layer thinning near the optic head relative to FMC and FMBC mice. Collectively, these experiments demonstrate genetic cooperativity between Nf1 loss and Pten heterozygosity relevant to optic glioma biology and further underscore the value of employing genetically engineered mouse strains to define the contribution of discovered molecular alterations to brain tumor pathogenesis.
VALOR DE LA ECOENDOSCOPIA EN EL MANEJO DEL TUMOR MUCINOSO PAPILAR INTRADUCTAL DE PÁNCREAS
Authors: J Cabezas, B Sampedro, B Castro, G De las Heras, A Terán
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Introducción: El tumor mucinoso papilar intraductal (TPMI) es una neoplasia quística pancreática cuya incidencia está en aumento. Su importancia radica en su posible carácter multicéntrico y riesgo de malignización.
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided transgastric after distal gastrectomy left-intrahepatic- bile drainage: a case report
Authors: Ma Jianxia
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Background: This case report describes a novel application of EUS-guided transgastric left-intrahepatic- bile drainage after distal gastrectomy which a trans-left-hepatic approach was used to alleviate distal biliary obstructions when this could not be accomplished at ERCP.
Ventricular Fibrillation during Left Ventriculography
Authors: Jeffrey J Heslop, Darrel C Gumm
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

A 56-year-old man presented to the emergency department after 1 hour of sudden-onset chest pain. The initial 12-lead electrocardiogram showed ST-segment elevation and peaked T waves in the anteroseptal leads, which led to concern about acute myocardial infarction (Panel A). Emergency cardiac catheterization revealed an acute occlusion in the proximal left anterior descending artery. A drug-eluting stent was placed, restoring blood flow. The peak creatine kinase level was 4976 U per liter, with an MB index of 5.9%. The peak troponin I level was 115 ng per milliliter. According to our usual practice, routine left ventriculography was performed after stent . . .
Recanalization of refractory benign biliary stricture using magnetic compression anastomosis
Authors: Sung Jang, Kwangwon Rhee, Haewon Kim, Yong Kim, Jieun Yun, Kwang-Hun Lee, Seungmin Bang, Jae Chung, Dong Lee
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Endoscopic or percutaneous treatments are preferentially attempted for benign biliary stricture (BBS). However, these methods are not feasible if a guide wire cannot be passed through the stricture. This study evaluated the usefulness and technical requirements of magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) in refractory BBS.MCA was performed in patients with BBS that had not been resolved with conventional treatments. One magnet was delivered through the percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tract and the other magnet was advanced through three different routes. After magnet approximation and recanalization, an internal drainage catheter was placed for 6 months and then removed.Seven patients underwent MCA, and recanalization was successfully achieved in five. MCA failure in two cases was attributed to long stenotic segments and parallel alignment of the axes of the magnets. The mean follow-up period after recanalization was 485.2 days. Five patients with successful recanalization showed no MCA-related complications or restenosis.MCA represents an alternative nonsurgical method of BBS recanalization that cannot be treated with conventional methods.
Open but Not Free — Publishing in the 21st Century
Authors: Martin Frank
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Interview with Dr. Martin Frank and Prof. Michael Carroll on traditional and open-access scientific publishing. (23:50)Download Online dissemination served as the impetus for the open-access movement and the call for free dissemination of the information contained in journals. There is, however, a cost associated with this openness — a cost that may reduce the funds available for research.
Hyponatremia in Cerebral Disease Resulting from the Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone
Authors: Norman W. Carter, Floyd C. Rector, Donald W. Seldin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

HYPONATREMIA has been observed repeatedly in patients with various brain lesions. Observations on a number of patients with cerebral hyponatremia were reported by Peters and his co-workers1 in 1950. They concluded that the etiology of the hyponatremia was an excessive urinary loss of sodium. It was postulated that the cerebral lesion diminished tubular reabsorption of sodium either indirectly by depressing adrenocortical function (decreased ACTH secretion) or directly by decreasing renal tubular reabsorption of sodium (presumably via the renal nerves). Two years later Welt and his associates2 described 2 additional patients with cerebral hyponatremia. Here, again, renal salt wastage was the . . .
PTH-122 A Retrospective Study to Compare the Effectiveness of Referral Methods to Alcohol Services for Specialist Treatment from an Acute Hospital following Brief Intervention
Authors: M Vardy, E Day, K Webb, C Russell, P Sudhakaran, I Ahmad, K Cobain, D Aldulaimi
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment (SBIRT) programmes have been advocated as having a preventive effect in non dependent drinkers and can provide a pathway to access specialist treatment for alcohol use disorders (AUD) for hospitalised patients who are contemplating changing their drinking behaviour. Little research into the effect of referral methods in hospitalised people treated for AUDs has been carried out. <h3>Methods</h3> Patient data for 2007–2009 were retrospectively reviewed in order to compare two referral to treatment methods namely, referral to treatment by a specialist nurse (RTT group) or self referral supported by a specialist nurse (SSR). Attendances at offered appointments were compared to identify each referral methods efficacy in eliciting attendance at a community alcohol treatment service following a request for further treatment for AUD elicited during hospitalisation in an acute setting. <h3>Results</h3> The sample size was 76; the most common reason for hospitalisation was deliberate overdose with alcohol (17.3%) followed by fall or collapse with alcohol (11.8%) Alcoholic Liver Disease with alcohol withdrawal (7.3%). Of 76 Patients referred to treatment by both methods, 36 were in the SSR group and 40 in the RTT group, no significant difference in response to referral modality between the RTT and SSR group was detected. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study found no evidence of a difference in effectiveness of referral methods. This suggests that both referral methods were as effective as each other in eliciting attendance at a specialist alcohol treatment service after an offer of treatment had been made during acute hospitalisation. Further studies, with a larger population, are required to validate this finding <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
P298 Referral Patterns And Mortality In A Non-invasive Ventilation (niv) Unit In A Tertiary University Hospital In The Uk
Authors: K. Aldridge, S. Bikmalla, A. Thomas
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> NIV for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) in COPD and restrictive lung disease has become widespread in the UK. Early institution of NIV in appropriate patients gives the best outcome. <h3>Methods</h3> We retrospectively examined referral patterns to our tertiary 12 bedded NIV unit during a 12 month period from November 2012 to October 2013. Admission criteria to the unit is standardised and through the NIV consultant or senior nursing staff. Site of referral was noted and mortality rate was calculated. <h3>Results</h3> 612 referrals were made to the dedicated NIV unit in the 12 months. 125 were elective admissions for setting up domiciliary NIV and were excluded from the mortality analysis as there was no mortality in this group. The overall mortality for the rest of the cohort was 15.2% of the remaining 487 patients acutely admitted to the unit. The source of referrals to the unit was varied and as shown in Figure 1. The mortality rate for admissions from the acute portals (A and E and the Acute Medical unit) were significantly lower (10.4%) than from the medical wards (23%). This reflects the fact that even with a well selected cohort the timing of the respiratory failure in the course of illness plays an important part in determining mortality. We know that uncorrected respiratory acidosis after 4 h of NIV is a strong determinant of mortality. The highest mortality (64.5%) was seen of referrals from the Frail elderly unit. This also shows that general constitution plays an important role in mortality. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Early referral for NIV support in AHRF improves outcomes. Delayed hypercapnic respiratory failure and frailty are important factors determining poorer outcomes.
Abstract 3880: Exploring the role of up-regulated genes in highly metastatic oral cancer subline using spontaneous metastatic mouse model.
Authors: Tomoki Muramatsu, Ken-ichi Kozaki, Seiya Imoto, Rui Yamaguchi, Satoru Miyano, Johji Inazawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Metastasis is one of the critical factors contributing to poorer prognosis and QOL in cancer patients. Although this mechanism has been gradually revealed, there are few genes found as useful diagnostic markers or molecular targets for clinical application so far. In this study, we attempted to establish in vitro/in vivo metastatic models using a human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (HOC313). We first carried out in vivo selection of high-metastatic tumor cells by means of sequential subcutaneous (s.c.) implantation (1×107 cells) of this cell line into SCID mice, resulting in the establishment of a highly metastatic subline which metastasized to axillary lymph nodes and lung. Moreover, we developed the imaging system using parent cells and highly metastatic cells. Then, to explore metastasis-related genes and signaling pathways, we performed integrative analyses using array CGH, cDNA microarray and the systems biological approach based on their data sets. Then we identified copy number aberrations (CNAs) of chromosome 19 and differentially expressed genes between parent cells and high-metastatic cells. Up regulated genes in high-metastatic cells are related with cell growth, migration, invasion and metastatic ability. Among these, one gene was closely associated with migration, invasion and metastasis. Moreover, when knocking down of this gene, we observed morphological change from mesenchymal phenotype to epithelial phenotype. Further analyses of these genes may ultimately lead to the development of novel modalities of diagnosis and therapy for cancer metastasis. Citation Format: Tomoki Muramatsu, Ken-ichi Kozaki, Seiya Imoto, Rui Yamaguchi, Satoru Miyano, Johji Inazawa. Exploring the role of up-regulated genes in highly metastatic oral cancer subline using spontaneous metastatic mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3880. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3880
Insulin Receptors in the Newborn
Authors: Arni V. Thorsson, Raymond L. Hintz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Insulin has been implicated as a growth factor in fetal life. To clarify the role of insulin in the fetus, we studied insulin receptors on mononuclear leukocytes in placental-cord blood from 12 normal newborns. Eight healthy young adults served as controls. Specific binding (mean ± S.E.M.) in the absence of unlabeled insulin per 107 monocytes was, respectively, 24.3±3.5 and 4.7±0.9 per cent in newborns and adults. This increase in binding is due to a rise in number of receptor sites per cell (newborns, 44,600, and adults, 7100) as well as an increase in receptor affinity (K̄e for newborns = 5.9 x 108 M-1, and that for adults = 2.9 X 108 M-1). This finding of markedly high concentrations of highaffinity receptors for insulin on fetal cells supports the importance of insulin in intrauterine growth and development. (N Engl J Med 297:908–912, 1977)
Reply to A. J. Lucendo, D. De Rezende
Authors: C. Eisenbach, U. Merle, P. Schirmacher, J. Hansmann, A. Stiehl, W. Stremmel, H. Kulaksiz
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Eosinophilic esophagitis is an increasingly well-recognized disease entity. This form of esophagitis has been recognized in children for many years and there is now increasing evidence that the prevalence of the condition has been greatly underestimated in adults. Only recently, Ronkainen et al. [1] have shown in a random sample of 1000 adults that the prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis is approximately 1 %. When the disease becomes symptomatic, patients most commonly present with dysphagia, food impaction, and heartburn [2], symptoms also experienced in esophageal stenosis with other causes and in reflux disease. We have therefore proposed that before treatment in these patients is considered, biopsies should be taken and the diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis confirmed or excluded histologically [3]. Sampling of five esophageal biopsies has been shown to reach a 100 % diagnostic sensitivity using a cutoff of ≤ 15 eosinophils per high-power field [4].
Acquired Syphilis in Adults
Authors: Edward W. Hook, Christina M. Marra
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

ALTHOUGH there is debate about its geographic origin, syphilis has been clearly described since the 15th century, as has its sexual mode of transmission.1 In the early 20th century, syphilis was a leading cause of neurologic and cardiovascular disease and a major public health problem.2 Even before the introduction of penicillin, the combination of effective therapy and organized public health measures caused syphilis rates in the United States to decline, and by the mid-1950s the disease was relatively uncommon. Between 1955 and 1985, relatively few cases of syphilis were diagnosed (Fig. 1); as a result, many clinicians are now unfamiliar . . .
An Isolated Digital Metastasis of Esophageal Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: JEFFREY D. HOUSTON, ROBERT J. TELEPAK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A 56-year-old man had an 8-month history of dysphagia and was diagnosed with a large basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The basaloid variant is a recently described rare and aggressive histologic subtype of squamous cell carcinoma. The tumor work-up, including a three-phase bone scan, revealed no evidence of metastases. Seven months later, the patient returned with a fungating necrotic mass emanating from the tip of the left ring finger. The mass was removed and biopsy revealed metastasis of the esophageal carcinoma. A subsequent bone scan yielded no evidence of additional osseous metastases.
Consensus and Conflict in Health System Reform — The Republican Budget Plan and the ACA
Authors: Timothy Stoltzfus Jost
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

The “Roadmap for America's Future,”1 put forward by Representative Paul Ryan (R-WI) and adopted in principle as the Republican budget proposal for 2012, offers a vision of the role of government and the nature of a good society that contrasts sharply with the vision inherent in the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Nevertheless, the Roadmap and the ACA have much in common, suggesting that there is a growing consensus regarding the way in which the U.S. health care system should be structured. The Republicans have borrowed ideas from the ACA, and the ACA drew heavily on earlier Republican proposals. Exploring the . . .
Abstract IA-16: Control of growth by mTOR signaling
Authors: David M. Sabatini
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract mTOR is the target of the immunosuppressive drug rapamycin and the central component of a nutrient- and hormone-sensitive signaling pathway that regulates cell growth and proliferation. We now appreciate that this pathway becomes deregulated in many human cancers. We have identified two distinct mTOR-containing proteins complexes, one of which regulates growth through S6K and another that regulates cell survival through Akt. These complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, define both rapamycin-sensitive and insensitive branches of the mTOR pathway. I will discuss new results from our lab on the regulation of the mTORC1 and mTORC2 pathways. I will provide an overview of mTOR signaling as well as discuss the regulation of mTORC1 by insulin and nutrients and the role of mTORC2 in cancer. We have recently identified new upstream components of the mTORC1 pathway that are involved in amino acid sensing and are starting to understand some of the molecular mechanisms involved in this process. Current evidence suggests that amino acids regulate the mTORC1 pathway by controlling the intracellular localization of mTORC1. Specifically, amino acids promote the movement of mTORC1 to a part of the endomembrane system that also contains its activator Rheb. Amino acids signal through the conserved Rag family of small GTPases that directly interact with the raptor component of mTORC1 in fashion that depends on the GTP-loaded status of the Rags. In addition, I will present evidence that inhibition of mTORC1 by the novel mTOR-interacting protein Deptor is a mechanism for hyperactivating PI3K signaling in multiple myeloma. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):IA-16.