tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brief Communication: Radioiodinated Antibody to Carcinoembryonic Antigen: Binding to Normal and Cancerous Human Colon in Vitro23
Authors: James E. Coates, Maria Koch, Patricia F. Beaver, T. Alexander McPherson, Anthony A. Noujaim
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Samples of tumor and normal mucosa from 32 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colorectum were examined for their capacity to bind radioiodinated antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA) lgG. Twenty-three (72%) of the tumors bound significantly more antibody than the respective normal mucosa. The results indicate that radiolabeled anti-CEA may be useful in the in vivo localization of CEA-producing tumors and metastases in man, and may have application in vitro as a diagnostic marker of precancerous change in colorectal biopsies from patients at risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Short-course radiotherapy in elderly women with breast cancer: Comparison by age, comorbidity index and toxicity
Authors: Francesca Maria Giugliano, Sara Falivene, Emanuela Esposito, Rossella Di Franco, Massimiliano D'Aiuto, Francesca Lanza, Valentina Borzillo, Piera Ferraioli, Rita Compagna, Bruno Amato, Vincenzo Ravo, Paolo Muto
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2016)
The idiot savant: a review of the syndrome
Authors: D A Treffert
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

Since it was first described a century ago, the phenomenon of the idiot savant--the juxtaposition of severe mental handicap and prodigious mental ability--has remained unexplained. The author defines the condition, reviews and summarizes the world literature on this topic since the early reports, describes more recent cases, and catalogs and categorizes idiot savant abilities. Theories to explain the condition are reviewed, newer research findings are highlighted, and the far-reaching implications of the idiot savant syndrome for understanding normal brain function, particularly memory, are outlined.
THU0125 Prednisolone Causes Dose Related Unfavourable Effects on Body Composition in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients During the First Year of Treatment: Table 1.
Authors: N. Konijn, L. van Tuyl, D. Den Uijl, M. Ter Wee, P. Kerstens, A. Voskuyl, D. van Schaardenburg, W. Lems, M. Nurmohamed
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Prednisolone improves disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but is also associated with cardiovascular side effects and may negatively influence body composition. Rheumatoid cachexia (i.e. loss of lean mass and gain in fat mass) is often observed in chronic RA patients, with deleterious effects on morbidity and functional capacity [1,2]. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the effect of two different prednisolone regimens on body composition in early RA patients in a 1 year randomized trial. <h3>Methods</h3> The trial included 164 active RA patients who were randomised to either COBRA therapy (prednisolone starting at 60 mg/day tapered to 7.5 mg/day in 6 weeks, MTX 7.5 mg/week and sulfasalazine 2 g/day; n=81) or COBRA light therapy (prednisolone starting at 30 mg/day tapered to 7.5 mg/day in 9 weeks and MTX escalated to 25 mg/week in 9 weeks; n=83) [3,4]. In an add-on study 36 resp. 39 patients underwent whole body DXA scans within 4 weeks ($≈ $baseline), 26 and 52 weeks after start of treatment. <h3>Results</h3> Mean age was 52 years and 64% was female. Mean prednisolone use during first year of treatment was 2500 mg in the COBRA group and 2182 mg in the COBRA-light group. Both treatment groups showed significant increases in body mass index (BMI), body weight and fat mass after 26 and 52 weeks of treatment (Table 1). In GEE analysis, increases in cumulative prednisolone dose were significantly associated with increases in all body composition parameters (all individual models: p&lt;0.05, independent of DAS). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Initial high-dose prednisolone causes partially reversible, dose-related increases in BMI and body weight in early RA patients during the first year of treatment. Fat mass increased in both treatment groups. These increases are unfavourable from a cardiovasculair point of view. <h3>References</h3> Walsmith &amp; Roubenhoff, Int J Cardiol 2002. Konijn et al, Scand J Rheumatol 2014. Den Uyl et al, Ann Rheum Dis 2013. Ter Wee et al, Ann Rheum Dis 2014. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> N. Konijn: None declared, L. van Tuyl: None declared, D. Den Uijl: None declared, M. Ter Wee: None declared, P. Kerstens: None declared, A. Voskuyl: None declared, D. van Schaardenburg: None declared, W. Lems: None declared, M. Nurmohamed Grant/research support from: This research was performed within the framework of project T1-106 of the Dutch Top Institute Pharma, and was additionally funded by an unrestricted grant from Pfizer
Tapering conventional synthetic DMARDs in patients with early arthritis in sustained remission: 2-year follow-up of the tREACH trial
Authors: T M Kuijper, J J Luime, P H P de Jong, A H Gerards, D van Zeben, I Tchetverikov, P B J de Sonnaville, M V van Krugten, B A Grillet, J M W Hazes, A E A M Weel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

Objectives With early and intensive treatment many patients with early RA attain remission. Aims were to investigate (1) the frequency and time to sustained remission and subsequent tapering in patients initially treated with conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug ((cs)DMARD) strategies and (2) the frequency and time to flare and regained remission in patients tapering csDMARDs and biological (b)DMARDs during 2 years of follow-up. Methods Two-year follow-up data from the treatment in the Rotterdam Early Arthritis Cohort (tREACH) cohort were used. Patients were randomised to initial treatment with triple DMARD therapy (iTDT) with glucocorticoid (GC) bridging or methotrexate monotherapy (iMM) with GC bridging. Patients were evaluated every 3 months. In case Disease Activity Score (DAS) was &gt;2.4 treatment was switched to a TNF-blocker. In case DAS&lt;1.6 at 2 consecutive time points, tapering was initiated according to protocol. Outcomes were rates of sustained remission (DAS&lt;1.6 at 2 consecutive time points), flare (medication increase after tapering) and remission after flare (DAS&lt;1.6). Data were analysed using Kaplan-Meier analyses. Results During 2 years of follow-up, sustained remission was achieved at least once by 159 (57%) of patients, of whom 118 and 23 patients initiated tapering of csDMARDs and bDMARDs, respectively. Thirty-four patients achieved drug-free remission. Flare rates were 41% and 37% and within 1 year, respectively. After flare, 65% of patients tapering csDMARDs re-achieved remission within 6 months after treatment intensification. Conclusions Regardless of initial treatment strategy, 57% of patients achieved sustained remission during 2 years of follow-up. Flare rates were 41% and 37% within 12 months in patients tapering csDMARDs and bDMARDs, respectively. Trial registration number ISRCTN26791028; Post-results.
Symptom profiles of patients with DSM-III anxiety disorders
Authors: O G Cameron, B A Thyer, R M Nesse, G C Curtis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

The authors used symptom profiles, demographic data, and other variables to compare 316 patients representing all specific DSM-III anxiety disorders except posttraumatic stress disorder to each other and to published norms for both an unselected psychiatric outpatient population and normal subjects. The results support the grouping of these disorders, with the possible exception of obsessive-compulsive disorder, into one general diagnostic category of "anxiety disorders." The distinction between the specific diagnoses of simple phobia and social phobia was also supported; however, the differentiation between panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety was only weakly supported.
Probability
Authors: Sidney Shindell
Journal: JAMA (1963)

A fool must now and then be right, by chance.William Cowper, 1731-1800 SINCE EVERY EVENT has some degree of probability, and even the most improbable events may occur on occasion, the field of statistics is concerned with attempts to determine the likelihood with which specific events occur. We know intuitively that some events are more likely than others, but the statistician would like to know just how likely is the occurrence of a particular event by chance alone. In a poker game, for example, we know that a pair will be dealt more frequently than three of a kind. We also know that the likelihood of consistently holding the winning hand, the hand with the least probable combination of cards, is fairly slim. If, therefore, a particular player does win consistently, we might wonder whether chance alone was the operative factor. The game of poker involves a strategy,
PTU-093 Metabolomic profiling in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: DR Hildebrand, D Trivedi, Y Xu, N Rattray, NP Ross, ES Correa, J Satsangi, R Goodacre, AJ Watson
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Inflammatory bowel disease is classified into 2 main types; Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Differentiation can prove clinically challenging. Metabolomic profiling is an emerging science that is utilised for biomarker discovery. We aimed to use metabolomic profiling to differentiate between patients with CD, UC and healthy controls (HC). <h3>Method</h3> Serum and urine samples were collected from 40 UC patients, 43 CD patients, 1 patient with indeterminate colitis and 62 HCs. Gas chromatography (GC) and reverse phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph (RP-UHPLC) were employed as separation techniques of choice coupled with time-of-flight or orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS) serving as detector, respectively. Chemometric and statistical analysis was carried out using partial least square models (cross-validated via bootstrapping). Classification was visualised with confusion matrices and classification tables. Metabolite data was subjected to univariate analysis (Kruskal-Wallis test with p-values corrected for groups). <h3>Results</h3> GC-MS and LC-MS analysis of urine showed that samples can be classified using their metabolic profiles for borderline differentiation between UC and CD but may be prone to false positives. LCMS data showed a slightly better classification for HC but weaker for UC and CD. The serum samples showed acceptable classification of UC and CD but poor classification of HC, with the GC-MS being the more favourable platform. Univariate analysis was performed to identify significant metabolite variables between the three groups (p &lt; 0.05). Combined analyses revealed 343 significant analytes (serum GC-MS 263, serum LC-MS 16, urine GC-MS 15 and urine LC-MS 49), of which 47 robust analytes were significant after correcting for groups. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study highlights the potential for metabolomic profiling to differentiate between HC, UC and CD. Of those metabolites identified hippuric acid (p = 0.02), ethylbenzene (0.049), and octanoeic acid (p = 0.001) have previously been identified as potential biomarkers in IBD. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Lymph and Lymphatics
Authors: H S MAYERSON
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparison of Low-Value Care in Medicaid vs Commercially Insured Populations
Authors: Christina J. Charlesworth, Thomas H. A. Meath, Aaron L. Schwartz, K. John McConnell
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Reducing unnecessary tests and treatments is a potentially promising approach for improving the value of health care. However, relatively little is known about whether insurance type or local practice patterns are associated with delivery of low-value care.To compare low-value care in the Medicaid and commercially insured populations, test whether provision of low-value care is associated with insurance type, and assess whether local practice patterns are associated with the provision of low-value care.This cross-sectional study of claims data from the Oregon Division of Medical Assistance Programs and the Oregon All-Payer All-Claims database included Medicaid and commercially insured adults aged 18 to 64 years. The study period was January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2013.Low-value care was assessed using 16 claims-based measures. Logistic regression was used to test the association between Medicaid vs commercial insurance coverage and low-value care and the association between Medicaid and commercial low-value care rates within primary care service areas (PCSAs).This study included 286 769 Medicaid and 1 376 308 commercial enrollees in 2013. Medicaid enrollees were younger (167 847 [58.5%] of Medicaid enrollees were aged 18-34 years vs 505 628 [36.7%] of those with commercial insurance) but generally had worse health status compared with those with commercial insurance. Medicaid enrollees were also more likely to be female (180 363 [62.9%] vs 702 165 [51.0%]) and live in a rural area (120 232 [41.9%] vs 389 964 [28.3%]). A total of 10 304 of 69 338 qualifying Medicaid patients (14.9%; 95% CI, 14.6%-15.1%) received at least 1 low-value service during 2013; the corresponding rate for commercially insured patients was 35 739 of 314 023 (11.4%; 95% CI, 11.3%-11.5%). No consistent association was found between insurance type and low-value care. Compared with commercial patients, Medicaid patients were more likely to receive low-value care for 10 measures and less likely to receive low-value care for 5 others. For 7 of 11 low-value care measures, Medicaid patients were significantly more likely to receive low-value care if they resided in a PCSA with a higher rate of low-value care for commercial patients.Oregon Medicaid and commercially insured patients received moderate amounts of low-value care in 2013. No consistent association was found between insurance type and low-value care. However, Medicaid and commercial rates of low-value care were associated with one another within PCSAs. Low-value care may be more closely related to local practice patterns than to reimbursement generosity or insurance benefit structures.
New Perspectives Offered by Nuclear Medicine for the Imaging and Therapy of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Charles Mesguich, Paolo Zanotti-Fregonara, Elif Hindié
Journal: Theranostics (2015)

The management of multiple myeloma has fundamentally changed over the years and imaging techniques able to match the therapeutic advances are now much needed. Although many patients now achieve complete response after first-line treatment, relapse is common. Therefore, it would be important to improve the initial prognostic stratification and to detect minimal residual disease after treatment. (18)F-FDG-PET/CT is a useful imaging tool which has a high prognostic value at baseline evaluation and can effectively differentiate active from inactive lesions during induction treatment or after autologous stem-cell transplantation. In combination with biological data, it improves the prediction of relapse. Other PET tracers may soon enter clinical practice and overcome some of the limitations of (18)F-FDG, such as the low sensitivity in detecting early bone marrow infiltration. Excellent results with (11)C-Methionine are reported by Lapa and colleagues in this issue of the Journal. (11)C-Methionine uptake reflects the increased protein synthesis of malignant plasmocytes and correlates well with bone marrow infiltration. Other promising PET ligands include lipid tracers, such as (11)C-Choline or (11)C-acetate, and some peptide tracers, such as (68)Ga-Pentixafor, that targets CXCR4 (chemokine receptor-4), which is often expressed with high density by myeloma cells. Malignant plasma cells are radiosensitive and thus potentially amenable to systemic radionuclide therapy. Indeed, excellent preclinical results were obtained with radioimmunotherapy targeting CD38. Also, preliminary clinical results with peptides targeting CXCR4 (e.g. (177)Lu- or (90)Y-Pentixather) are encouraging. Multiple myeloma may represent a renewal of the already strong partnership between hematologists and nuclear medicine physicians.
TREATMENT OF PAROXYSMAL SUPRAVEN- VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA WITH METHOXAMINE
Authors: Alfred J. Berger
Journal: JAMA (1953)

We wish to call attention to the use of methoxamine hydrochloride (Vasoxyl)<sup>1</sup>in the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Not only is this drug effective in arresting the tachycardia, but, because of its powerful pressor action,<sup>2</sup>it is especially useful in cases complicated by vascular collapse, a frequent occurrence.<sup>3</sup>The mechanism of action is believed to be a reflex vagal effect following carotid sinus pressure elevation. Two cases of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia complicated by vascular collapse, successfully treated by this agent, have been reported<sup>4</sup>and two more are now added. The first case is one of nodal tachycardia and the second, one of auricular tachycardia. <h3>REPORT OF CASES</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> C. M., a 63-year-old man, was admitted to the New Britain General Hospital on July 6, 1952, complaining of tachycardia of sudden onset, accompanied by dyspnea. He had previously experienced two similar attacks of tachycardia; the
Disease activity is associated with reduced left ventricular systolic myocardial function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Helga Midtbø, Anne Grete Semb, Knut Matre, Tore K Kvien, Eva Gerdts
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

Objectives Disease activity has emerged as a new, independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We tested if disease activity in RA was associated with lower left ventricular (LV) systolic function independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Methods Echocardiographic assessment was performed in 78 patients with RA having low, moderate or high disease activity (Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) &gt;3.3), 41 patients in remission (SDAI ≤3.3) and 46 controls, all without known cardiac disease. LV systolic function was assessed by biplane Simpson ejection fraction, stress-corrected midwall shortening (scMWS) and global longitudinal strain (GLS). Results Patients with active RA had higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes compared with patients in remission and controls (both p&lt;0.05). LV ejection fraction (endocardial function) was normal in all three groups, while mean scMWS and GLS (myocardial function) were reduced in patients with RA with active disease compared with patients with RA in remission (95±18% vs 105±17% and −18.9±3.1% vs −20.6±3.5%, respectively, both p&lt;0.01). Patients with RA in remission had similar scMWS and GLS as the controls. In multivariable analyses, having active RA was associated with lower GLS (β=0.21) and scMWS (β=−0.22, both p&lt;0.05), both reflecting lower LV systolic myocardial function, independent of cardiovascular risk factors and LV ejection fraction. Classification of RA disease activity by other disease activity composite scores yielded similar results. Conclusions Active RA is associated with lower LV systolic myocardial function despite normal ejection fraction and independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
PTH-071 Prospective anti-tnf withdrawal in quiescent crohn’s disease – 12 month clinical outcomes
Authors: S Squires, A Boal, R Hamid, M Heydtmann, G Naismith
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Anti Tumour Necrosis Factor (anti TNF) is an effective yet expensive intervention in Crohn’s Disease.<sup>1</sup>The STORI trial outcomes suggest that withdrawal of Infliximab therapy may be safe.<sup>2</sup> <h3>Method</h3> Between April and July 2013 all those attending Paisley RAH and the Vale of Leven Hospitals with Crohn’s disease on anti TNF had their cases evaluated at 3 ‘virtual’ clinics. Assessment tool criteria for quiescent disease (absence of symptoms, no recent escalation, established 2nd line therapy and absence of active inflammation on endoscopy or radiology) were used to identify those in clinical remission. 8 individuals were offered a withdrawal from anti TNF therapy with optimisation of 2nd line therapy as appropriate. 12 month clinical outcomes were prospectively recorded. <h3>Results</h3> Of 36 individuals identified, 8 patients were deemed to be in remission at the time of reassessment and were therefore withdrawn. 6 of those patients maintained a remission for the following twelve months. 1 patient relapsed within 1 month of withdrawal and another relapsed 11 months after withdrawal. Both achieved clinical remission on prompt retreatment. The cost savings in this study for 1 year are £83756.18. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Withdrawing anti TNF therapy, in the context of quiescent Crohn’s Disease, appears to be safe and effective, providing there are mechanisms in place for prompt assessment and reintroduction of therapy. The cost savings by using this strategy can be substantial. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> NICE Guidelines – CE technology appraisals [TA187] Published date: May 2010 Infliximab (review) and Adalimumab for the treatment of Crohn’s disease Louis E, Vernier-Massouille G, Grimaud J <i>et al</i>. Infliximab discontinuation in Crohn’s disease patients in stable remission on combined therapy with immunosuppressors. Gut 2008;<b>57</b>:A66
A/H5N1 in the European Union: current levels of risk to humans, and responding to human cases and outbreaks
Authors: S De Martin, A Nicoll, D Coulombier
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2006)

This issue of Eurosurveillance includes a report by Georgia Spala et al of the investigation of a suspected outbreak in Greece of avian influenza (A/H5N1 virus infection) in humans [1]. This took place in the early spring of 2006 when infected wild birds appeared in many European Union (EU) countries. There were confirmed infections in birds in Greece, but after careful investigation, no human infections were found. However, the massive investigation and control that had to take place around the infections and deaths in the outbreak in Turkey in December 2005 and January 2006 [2] is a reminder of what could have been in Greece or other EU countries.