tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Commentary: Peritoneal Mesothelioma
Authors: Jacob Churg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

The data that I want to present deals with peritoneal mesothelioma or at least with tumors that might be classified as peritoneal mesothelioma. We have collected about 120 cases in this category. Cases of obvious carcinoma, such as mucous-cell carcinoma were rejected, and all other cases that could possibly be mesothelioma were considered. We have studied in detail 82 of these cases. About half of the material came from our Environmental Science Laboratory where there is great predominance-about 90%-of people who have asbestos exposure. The other half came from other sources submitted to the Mesothelioma Panel and there the rate of asbestos exposure was about 50%. Histologically, 75% of tumors were classified as epithelial type, 21% as biphasic, and 4% as mesenchymal or sarcomatous. However our certainty of diagnosis was not of that order. I am not going to go into the histologic patterns of mesothelioma; they are of interest mainly to pathologists. Some patterns are acceptable to most pathologists as typical mesothelioma, and we saw such patterns in 32 cases, about 1/3 of the cases. In a further 28 cases, the pattern was suggestive but not typical, and in the remaining 22 cases it was quite atypical and very often non-specific or anaplastic. Because of that we had to divide our cases into definite, probable, and possible. On taking all available data into account, including gross findings and histochemistry, about 1/4 turned out to be definite, about 1/2 were
Does mass spectrometric breath analysis detect<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>in cystic fibrosis?
Authors: Rishi Pabary, Juzheng Huang, Sacheen Kumar, Eric W.F.W. Alton, Andrew Bush, George B. Hanna, Jane C. Davies
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with increased morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) can be eradicated if detected early; however, prompt detection is problematic in children and non-expectorating adults as oropharyngeal cultures lack sensitivity [1]. We previously reported that 20% of children with negative oropharyngeal cultures isolated P. aeruginosa on bronchoalveolar lavage [2], but this invasive technique cannot be performed frequently. Hence, there is an urgent need for a noninvasive screening test for lower airways infection in CF; therefore, we propose that exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOC) may be useful biomarkers. Detecting P. aeruginosa infection is problematic; breath analysis shows promise but requires optimisation <http://ow.ly/WE1H2>
AB0059 Caspase-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses to patern recognition receptor activation of dendritic cells in behcet’s disease
Authors: F.T. Özdemir, A. Tulunay, M.O. Elbaşı, I.A. Tatlı, A.-M. Maurer, G. Mumcu, H. Direskeneli, E.E. Demiralp
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> In innate immunity, inflammasomes, which are multiple protein complexes, activate inactive procaspase-1 into active caspase-1. Cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33 and IL-1F7 are converted into their active forms by caspase-1. Although the pathogenesis of Behcet's Disease (BD) is still unclear, both innate and adaptive immunity participate with a Th1/Th17 response. Previously, activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) on monocyte and neutrophils are reported, however the role of other innate immune system receptors (like NLR and RLR) and inflammasome in BD is not sufficiently investigated. <h3>Objectives</h3> In this study, inflammasome functions were investigated in dendritic cells (DC) of BD patients through the activation of two different pattern-recognition receptors: "RIG-1 like receptors (RLR) and "NOD-like" receptors (NLR). <h3>Methods</h3> Sixteen active BD patients with mucocutaneous lesions (F/M: 9/7, mean age: 38±13 years) and 17 healthy controls (HC) (F/M: 5/12, mean age: 35±8 years) were included in the study. Peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMN) cells were isolated and dendritic cells (DC) were generated from monocytes in a dendritic cell maturation medium containing GM-CSF, IL-4, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE<sub>2</sub>. DCs were activated by RLR and NLR ligands. Caspase-1 activation was investigated by flow cytometry using a Caspase 1 FLICA™ Kit. IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-α and IL-18 were measured by ELISA and intracellular p38 and RIP2 staining weredetermined by flow cytometry. <h3>Results</h3> Caspase-1 activation was similar in BD compared to HC (NOD1; BD: 1.5% vs HC: 1.9%, NOD2; BD: 1.7% vs HC: 1.5%, RIG1; BD: 1.7% vs HC: 1.5%, p&gt;0.05 for all of them). The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-α were also similar in the supernatants of NOD1/2 and RIG2-activated DC cultures of BD patients compared to HC. Only IL-18 levels were significantly lower after NOD2 activation (BD: 18 pg/ml vs HC: 46 pg/ml, p=0.017), similarly p38 and RIP2 expressions were also lower in BD (p38: BD: 1.3% vs. HC: 1.8% and RIP2: BH: 1.1% vs. HC: 1.9%, p=0,037 and p=0.018, respectively). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In Behcet's disease, after NOD1/NOD2 and RIG-1 activations, inflammasome seem to be activated normally in DCs, except mildly lower IL-18, p38 and RIP2 stimulations after NOD2 ligands. This observation suggests that caspase-1 independent pathways such as TLRs may be more prominent for innate activation in antigen-presenting cells in BD pathogenesis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
RENAL NERVE STIMULATION INDUCED BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGES ARE STRONGLY CORRELATED WITH RENAL DENERVATION INDUCED CHANGES IN 24-HOUR BLOOD PRESSURE DURING FOLLOW-UP
Authors: Arif Elvan, Mark de Jong, Ahmet Adiyaman, Pim Gal, Jaap Jan Smit, Peter Delnoy, Jan-Evert Heeg, Boudewijn van Hasselt, Elizabeth Lau, Alexandre Persu, Jan Staessen, Anand Ramdat Misier, Jonathan Steinberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Abstract 1612: Validation of CSE1L/hCAS as a potential therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kazim Husain, Domenico Coppola, Barbara Centeno, James Helm, John Kooman, Nicholas Lawrence, Said Sebti, Mokenge Malafa
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The nuclear export protein CSE1L/hCAS has recently gained attention as a putative oncogene, which is amplified in several human malignancies. The role of hCAS in pancreatic cancer is unknown. In this work, we sought to evaluate the expression of hCAS in pancreatic cancer cell lines and tumor tissue and to further explore the potential of hCAS as a therapeutic target. Methods: The nuclear and cytosolic hCAS protein expression was determined in human pancreatic cancer cell lines and tumor tissues and compared with those of immortalized normal pancreatic ductal cells and normal pancreatic tissues. The cellular effects of hCAS knockdown using small interfering RNA oligonucleotides were investigated in MiaPaCa-2 human pancreatic cancer cells with regard to proliferation (MTT assay), cell death (Trypan blue and Flow cytometry), and malignant transformation (colony formation assay). Results: hCAS protein expression increased in pancreatic cancer cell lines relative to the immortalized pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line. Immunohistochemical staining of a human pancreatic tumor tissue microarray showed that hCAS expression was higher in pancreatic tumors compared with their normal counterparts. There was increasing nuclear to cytoplasmic staining with progression from normal pancreatic duct to increasing grade of pancreatic intraductal neoplasia to invasive pancreatic cancer. Treatment with hCAS targeting small interfering RNAs effectively reduced pancreatic cell growth in tissue culture, induced apoptosis, and inhibited growth in soft agar. Conclusion: This is the first report of hCAS expression and cellular distribution in human pancreatic cancer. Our data suggest that hCAS might be an attractive target for human pancreatic cancer prevention and therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1612.
A Semi-Automated Region of Interest Detection Method in the Scintigraphic Glomerular Filtration Rate Determination for Patients With Abnormal Low Renal Function
Authors: Cancan Tian, Xiujuan Zheng, Yuan Han, Xiaoguang Sun, Kewei Chen, Qiu Huang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

This work presents a novel semi-automated renal region-of-interest (ROI) determination method that is user friendly, time saving, and yet provides a robust glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation highly consistent with the reference method.We reviewed data from 57 patients who underwent (99m)Tc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid renal scintigraphy and were diagnosed with abnormal renal function. The renal and background ROIs were delineated by the proposed multi-step, semi-automated method, which integrates temporal/morphologic information via visual inspection and computer-aided calculations. The total GFR was estimated using the proposed method (sGFR) performed by 2 junior clinicians (A and B) with 1 and 3 years of experience, respectively (sGFR_a, sGFR_b), and compared with the reference total GFR (rGFR) estimated by a senior clinician with 20 years of experience who manually delineated the kidney and background ROIs. All GFR calculations herein were conducted using the Gates method.Data from 10 patients with unilateral or non-functioning kidneys were excluded from the analysis. For the remaining patients, sGFR correlated well with rGFR (r(s/rGFR_a) = 0.957, P < 0.001 and r(s/rGFR_b) = 0.951, P < 0.001) and sGFR_a correlated well with sGFR_b (r(a/b) = 0.997, P < 0.001). Moreover, the Bland-Altman plots for sGFR_a and sGFR_b confirm the high reproducibility of the proposed method between different operators. Finally, the proposed procedure is almost 3 times faster than the routinely used procedure in clinical practice.The results suggest that this method is easy to use, highly reproducible, and accurate in measuring the GFR of patients with low renal function. The method is being further extended to a fully automated procedure.
Incidental Visualization of an Esophageal Prosthesis on Tc-99m DISIDA Cholescintigraphy
Authors: GANG-UEI HUNG, SHIH-CHUAN TSAI, CHIA-HUNG KAO, WAN-YU LIN, JIA-HUEI LIN, SHYH-JEN WANG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A 70-year-old man with gallstones and epigastric pain underwent Tc-99m DISIDA cholescintigraphy to investigate acute cholecystitis. There was no visualization of the gallbladder during the 4-hour study. In addition, significant tracer accumulation in the medial portion of the chest and the proximal bowel were noted. A review of his medical history showed that he had esophageal cancer and a radical esophagectomy and reconstruction with a gastric tube.
Endoscopic closure of transmural esophageal perforation after balloon dilation for achalasia
Authors: S. Van Weyenberg, N. de Boer, B. Zonderhuis, D. van der Peet
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 56-year old woman was transferred to our hospital 1 day after balloon dilation for recently diagnosed achalasia that had been complicated by transmural esophageal perforation. Physical examination revealed tachycardia and fever, as well as left-sided pleural fluid. Emergency surgery was performed, which involved transhiatal primary closure of a 4-cm long transmural perforation, debridement of the left pleural cavity, and placement of a thoracic drain. Despite the patient making an initial recovery, signs of inflammation recurred 1 week after surgery, with production of increased fluid via the drain.
Case 11-2003
Authors: Albert M. Ross, Sudha A. Anupindi, Ulysses J. Balis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Presentation of CaseA 14-year-old boy with a history of ulcerative colitis was admitted to the hospital because of vomiting and abdominal pain.Ulcerative colitis had been diagnosed at the age of three years by colonoscopic examination after a barium-enema examination had revealed no abnormalities. In subsequent years, progression of the disease was well controlled with the administration of mesalamine and short courses of an adrenocorticosteroid medication for flares; hospital admission was not required. The patient lived with his parents, two siblings, and a healthy dog. There was no family history of gastrointestinal or autoimmune diseases.First AdmissionFourteen months . . .
UNILATERAL PULMONARY EDEMA IN A PATIENT WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION: AN UNUSUAL CASE OF PULMONARY VEIN COMPRESSION BY AN ANEURYSMAL PULMONARY ARTERY
Authors: Talha Meeran, Ryan Davey, Mithun Chakravarthy, Amresh Raina, George Sokos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Treatment of Mental Illness at Home by Small Doses of Insulin
Authors: Newman Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

SINCE the introduction of insulin coma in the treatment of certain mental disorders by Manfred Sakel in 1933, the method has gained wide acceptance. The most extensive evaluation of the results with insulin coma is contained in a recent report of the New York Temporary Commission on State Hospital Problems,1 which strongly favors insulin as being of definite value in the treatment of schizophrenia. This report is based on 1128 patients treated with insulin and on 876 control patients who did not receive any form of shock treatment. The former group had a definitely shorter period of hospitalizaron than the . . .
Abstract 4012: Pyruvate kinase M2 promotes the growth and migration of gastric cancer cell via nuclear factor-kappa B and its target genes
Authors: Oh-Hyung Kwon, Tae-Wook Kang, Jeong-Hwan Kim, Mirang Kim, Seung-Moo Noh, Kyu-Sang Song, Hyang-Sook Yoo, Woo-Ho Kim, Zhi Xie, David Pocalyko, Seon-Young Kim, Yong Sung Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Tumor cells take up more glucose than normal cells and convert large amounts of glucose to lactate even in the presence of oxygen. This phenomenon is known as aerobic glycolysis, and is important for cell growth and metastasis. PKM2 is an isoenzyme of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase, and promotes aerobic glycolysis. Here, we describe an important role for PKM2 in regulating the survival and migration of gastric cancer cells. Using qRT-PCR and tissue microarray, we showed that PKM2 was overexpressed in gastric tumor tissues compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, PKM2 expression levels were inversely correlated with gastric cancer patient survival. Using shRNA-mediated knockdown of PKM2, we showed that PKM2 regulated apoptosis-related gene, Bcl-xL, at transcriptional levels, and affected cell survival. PKM2 also regulated migration-related gene, MMP-9, at transcriptional levels, and affected cell migration. The effect of PKM2 on cell death and migration was mediated by the p65 stability resulting in binding activity on its target gene promoter. These results provide new insight that PKM2 is an up-stream molecule regulating p65 function and that PKM2 may be a useful target for gastric cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4012. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4012
Abstract LB-360: Fluorescence-based co-registration with protein markers reveals distinct cellular compartments for altered microRNA expression in solid tumors
Authors: Lorenzo F. Sempere, Meir Preis, Todd Yezefski, Haoxu Ouyang, Arief A. Suriawinata, Asli Silahtaroglu, Jose R. Conejo-Garcia, Sakari Kauppinen, Wendy Wells, Murray Korc
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding regulatory RNA genes, which have been implicated in the control of developmental, physiological and pathological processes. High-throughput profiling experiments have linked altered expression of miRNAs to different types of cancer. To clarify the clinical significance of these expression changes, we developed a sensitive fluorescence-based in situ hybridization (ISH) method to visualize miRNA accumulation within individual cells in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. This ISH method was implemented to be compatible with routine automated clinical immunohistochemical (IHC) assays to enable co-detection with protein markers on the same tissue section for co-localization and functional studies. Here, we utilized this robust and rapid combined ISH/IHC assay to study a subset of commonly highlighted miRNAs including tumor suppressive miRNAs (let-7 and miR-34) and oncogenic miRNAs (miR-21 and miR-155) in a panel of breast, colon, lung, pancreas and prostate carcinomas, which collectively are the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Despite the idiosyncrasies of each particular cancer type, general trends emerged that pinpointed to distinct cellular sources of altered miRNA expression. While altered expression of miR-21 and miR-34 was manifested within cancer cells, that of miR-126 and miR-155 was predominantly confined to endothelial cells and immune cells, respectively. These findings suggest a heterogeneous and complex participation of miRNAs in carcinogenesis occurring through cancer cell-autonomous effects as well as through the modulation of stromal, vascular and immune responses. We discuss potential applications of miRNA-based ISH/IHC assays as novel diagnostic and prognostic tools, as well as clinical implications of our findings for miRNA-based therapeutic strategies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-360.
New medical words: Motherese
Authors: D. Fair
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Reading about the seemingly miraculous, if controversial, technology of cochlear implantation, I came across the word motherese. It is not to be found in my Stedman’s or Dorland’s medical dictionaries, nor in the Oxford nor the Webster, but it seems to be in common use among audiologists and otologists. 

Motherese is the language spoken, all over the world, by mothers to their babies, before and after birth, and it is the earliest language a baby hears. The instinct of a mother to talk and sing to her baby is fundamental—as fundamental as the instinct a native woman in the jungle has to pluck a flower and put it in her hair. A baby deprived of motherese through deafness, or, to a lesser degree, through separation from the parents, is indeed handicapped. Perhaps a baby who does not hear a mother’s lullabies is later in life the one who is tone deaf, who has a “tin ear.”  

Thinking about motherese, I realised that I have been using it in the examination of babies and infants for many years. In examining such patients the trickiest part is the examination of the throat and ears. I find that if my approach with the otoscope is accompanied by a whispered patter of words a baby, even at a few weeks of age, will stop and listen—stop for long enough to permit a quick look at the tympanic membranes. Using this technique may bring questioning looks from the mother, but usually she recognises that motherese is being spoken. 

Older children of prerationalising age (up to 5 or 6) also respond to a whispered or spoken patter, which includes familiar maternal phrases such as “keep still now” and “don’t move an inch.” Including the words “please,” or “let me see, please,” often helps: the children recognise them from the training in good manners they have been receiving from their mother. 

By the time they graduate, medical students have usually had little experience in hands on contact with small babies. Coming usually from middle class backgrounds, they have probably never changed a nappy or been able to familiarise themselves with the natural movements and reactions of these active, small patients. In the wards the nurses fiercely protect their charges from the too close attention of novices. I feel that the use of motherese might well be taught to students as part of their paediatric training. 

The quietly persevering specialists and parents who are trying to help the child born deaf to be able to enjoy the gifts of hearing and speech deserve our fullest support. One small electronic device is unlikely to be able to replicate all the functions of a sensitive organ that has evolved over aeons of time, but a little success in improving the quality of a life may always grow into greater successes. We must enter motherese into the dictionaries.
FRI0348 Biological treatment of behçet’s disease according to different clinical “phenotypes”: a retrospective study on 90 patients
Authors: D. Squatrito, E. Beccastrini, G. Emmi, M. M. D’Elios, E. Silvestri, D. Prisco, L. Emmi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Behçet disease is considered a systemic vasculitidis-like process that can express with different clinical phenotypes. Anti TNFs agents are a well established therapy for patients with refractory Behçet disease, particularly when severe visual involvement or life threatening complications are present. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate different clinical phenotypes, other than severe ocular-neuro Behçet, which required an anti-TNF immunosoppressive therapy to obtain Behçet disease control (arthritis-mucocutaneous Behcet, entero-Behcet, vascular-Behçet). <h3>Methods</h3> We retrospectively evaluated clinical data of 93 patients (51 females, 42 males) who had been referred to our Center for overt or suspected Behçet disease over the last 10 years. Patients were hence divided into 2 groups: 75 patients fulfilling the International Study Group (ISG) criteria for Behçet syndrome (group 1) and 18 patients who, although not meeting international criteria, were considered to have a clinical presentation suggestive of "incomplete" Behçet disease (group 2). <h3>Results</h3> 25/93 of patients (26%) were treated with an anti TNF agent in both the groups. In group 1 22/75 (29%) patients had been treated with at least one biological agent during the disease course. Fig. 1 describes the predominant Behçet phenotype that determined the choice of starting an anti-TNF therapy in group 1. Only 3/18 (16%) patients in group 2 were treated with biological therapy: 1 with etanercept (spondyloarthritis overlap) and 2 with adalimumab (recurrent superficial thrombophlebitis). Both Infliximab and adalimumab were well tolerated and lead to optimal disease control, since switching from one biological agent to another for therapeutic failure was necessary in less than 5% of patients. <h3>Image/graph</h3> <h3>Conclusions</h3> Infliximab and adalimumab were the most commonly used first line biological agents to treat severe or refractory Behçet patients. Infliximab was the first choice agent particularly when severe ocular or nervous system involvement were present. Over the last 5 years we have more commonly prescribed adalimumab to treat other protean features of Behçet syndrome, owing to good efficacy and its easier subcutaneous administration. Eye involvement was the main indication to start a biological anti-TNF therapy in patients with severe Behçet disease who have been followed at our center. <b>Disclosure of Interest</b>: None Declared
Two-Way Selection of a Stock of Swiss Albino Mice for Mammary Tumorigenesis: Establishment of Two New Strains (SHN and SLN)2
Authors: Hiroshi Nagasawa, Reiko Yanai, Hisashi Taniguchi, Reiko Tokuzen, Waro Nakahara
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Two mouse strains (SHN and SLN) with high and low incidences, respectively, of mammary tumors were established from the same basal stock of Swiss albino mice that were unrelated in origin to other mouse strains with mammary tumors. In the breeders, mammary tumor incidence and average age of the mice when they developed mammary tumors were 97.2 % and 6.6 months for SHN, and 5.57% and 10.1 months for SLN, respectively...