tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Weight Reduction on Left Ventricular Mass
Authors: Stephen W. MacMahon, David E.L. Wilcken, Graham J. Macdonald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We compared the effects of weight reduction, metoprolol, and placebo on M-mode echocardiographic measurements of the thickness and mass of the left ventricular wall in a 21-week, randomized controlled trial that enrolled 41 young, overweight patients with hypertension. At the end of the follow-up period, the patients in the weight-reduction group had lost an average of 8.3 kg, and their blood pressure had decreased by an average of 14/13 mm Hg, as compared with 12/8 mm Hg in the metoprolol group and 9/4 mm Hg in the placebo group. In the weight-reduction group, interventricular septal and posterior-wall thickness decreased by 14 percent and 11 percent, respectively, and left ventricular mass decreased by 20 percent (16 percent when adjusted for body-surface area). Decreases in interventricular septal and posterior-wall thickness and in left ventricular mass in the weight-reduction group were significantly greater than those in the placebo group. The changes in thickness of the interventricular septum and the left ventricular mass in the weight-reduction group were also greater than those in the metoprolol group. Changes in weight, independent of changes in blood pressure, were directly associated with changes in left ventricular mass. We conclude that weight reduction decreases left ventricular mass in overweight hypertensive patients and that control of obesity is important not only for the treatment of hypertension but also for the prevention of left ventricular hypertrophy.
The Psychological Care of Patients with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: A M Jacobson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) face major changes in lifestyle and the possibility of debilitating and life-threatening complications. Treatment requires a knowledgeable health care team that includes a physician, a nurse educator, other health care professionals, and the patient and family. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) demonstrated that intensive treatment can delay the onset and slow the progression of microvascular complications.1 The message to the patient is that success in learning how to take better care of oneself can make a difference in the course of IDDM. However, patients may find the prospect of the disease and . . .
Abstract 14651: Injection of Cardiac Stem Cells in Utero is Able to Improve Postnatal Cardiac Function in Mice With a Defect in Striated Preferentially Expressed Gene
Authors: Xiaoli Liu, Zhihong Wang, Annarosa Leri, Jan Kajstura, Piero Anversa, Mark A Perrella
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Myosin light chain kinases are proteins important for myocyte function, and the striated preferentially expressed gene (Speg) is a member of this family. Disruption of the Speg gene locus in mice leads to neonatal cardiomyopathy. Recent data also suggest that cardiac stem cells (CSCs) from Speg mutant mice have defects in clone formation, growth, and differentiation. Hypothesis: Administration of wild-type CSCs in utero can rescue Speg mutant mice from cardiac dysfunction after birth. Methods: c-kit+ CSCs were isolated from wild-type mice using fluorescence-activated cell sorting or magnetic beads. Exogenous CSCs were injected into hearts at embryonic day 13.5, using micro-ultrasound guidance, and echocardiograms were performed 6 hours after birth. Heart tissue was harvested after the functional assessment, and immunostaining was performed. Results: Echocardiograms revealed that Speg mutant compared with wild-type mice had a significant decrease in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF...
Serum Cyclosporine Concentration and Risk of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Gary C. Yee, Steven G. Self, Timothy R. McGuire, Julie Carlin, Jean E. Sanders, H. Joachim Deeg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

To determine the relation between the serum cyclosporine concentration and the risk of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), we studied 179 recipients of bone marrow grafts from HLA-identical sibling donors who received prophylaxis with cyclosporine, either by itself or combined with methotrexate. Cyclosporine was given either orally or intravenously at full doses from the day before transplantation until day 50; it was then tapered off and discontinued on day 180. Trough concentrations of serum cyclosporine were measured by radioimmunoassay. The relation between patients' characteristics and the risk of acute GVHD was analyzed with a relative-risk regression model. In 66 patients (37 percent), grades II to IV of acute GVHD developed 7 to 66 days (median, 13) after transplantation. The trough cyclosporine concentration for a given week was significantly associated with the risk that acute GVHD would develop during the following week. The relative risks were 0.7 (i.e., there was a 30 percent reduction in risk) for every increase of 100 ng per milliliter in cyclosporine concentration and 1.0, 0.60, and 0.20 for concentrations of less than 100, 100 to 199, and 200 or more ng per milliliter, respectively (P<0.01). A patient's age, prophylaxis regimen, and year of transplantation also influenced the risk of acute GVHD significantly. These data indicate that low cyclosporine concentrations can be a cause of treatment failure and that concentrations should be monitored in recipients of marrow transplants. (N Engl J Med 1988; 319:65–70.)
MECHANICAL DYSSYNCHRONY IS ADDITIVE TO QRS WIDTH AND MORPHOLOGY IN PREDICTING RESPONSE TO CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED WIDE QRS HEART FAILURE
Authors: Alan J. Bank, Ryan M. Gage, Josef Marek, Toshinari Onishi, Kevin V. Burns, David Schwartzman, Samir Saba, John Gorcsan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Fortnightly Review Acne vulgaris
Authors: E. Healy, N. Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

#### Topical treatment for mild acne

#### Summary points

Severity of acne can be graded for therapeutic studies according to the Leeds grading scale,6 but in the general treatment of acne vulgaris most doctors would divide the condition into mild, moderate, and severe. Mild disease consists of open and closed comedones and some papules and pustules, while moderate acne encompasses more frequent papules and pustules with mild scarring. Severe disease contains all of the above plus nodular abscesses and leads to more extensive scarring which may be keloidal in some cases.

Topical preparations are the mainstay of treatment for mild acne vulgaris (see box). These are popular with patients, but their slow benefit needs careful explanation to encourage good compliance.

Benzoyl peroxide is a potent oxidising agent with antibacterial and keratolytic properties. It does not induce any change in the resistance pattern of aerobic bacteria to antibiotics; it also prevents such resistance when used concomitantly with topical erythromycin.7 Benzoyl peroxide is applied daily in lotions or creams …
ACS Focusing on Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Martha King
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article ACS Focusing on Breast Cancer Detection Get access Martha King Martha King Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 15, 5 August 1992, Pages 1151–1152, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.15.1151 Published: 05 August 1992
Diagnosis of Scombroid Poisoning by Measurement of Plasma Histamine
Authors: Regis Bédry, Claude Gabinski, Marie-Claire Paty
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

To the Editor: Scombroid poisoning is a form of ichthyosarcotoxism caused by eating spoiled fish, mainly of the scombroid family (such as tuna and bonito).1 Inappropriate storage of these fish can lead to the decarboxylation of histidine in the flesh to histamine by enterobacteria.2 The symptoms of histamine poisoning mimic those of an IgE-mediated food allergy: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hives, itching, rash, and hypotension can occur within minutes to a few hours of ingesting the fish and last up to 24 hours. We report the occurrence of scombroid poisoning in nine persons. Ten to 90 minutes after eating a meal . . .
The Electroencephalogram in Retrolental Fibroplasia
Authors: E. L. Gibbs, Alberto Fois, Frederic A. Gibbs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

RETROLENTAL fibroplasia1 is characterized by blindness due to the formation of an opaque membrane behind the lens. It usually occurs in infants born prematurely with a birth weight of about 1.3 kg. (3 pounds) or less. The number of cases has greatly increased in the last ten years, and the disease has become, in some regions, a major cause of blindness among preschool children.2 It has been described as a primary disease of the retinal blood vessels, which become tortuous and dilated and proliferate. The process commonly goes on to neovascularization, detachment of the retina and the formation of a . . .
Abstract 4092: Aberrant miRNA methylation in tumors from surgically resected lung cancer patients and association with survival
Authors: Weiqi Tan, Jian Gu, Michelle Hildebrandt, Maosheng Huang, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Jack A. Roth, Margaret R. Spitz, Xifeng Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non coding RNAs of about 22 nucleotides in length, which regulate their target gene expression by binding to the 3′ UTR of mRNA. Recent studies have shown that some miRNAs are regulated by DNA methylation and aberrant miRNA gene methylation contributes to human tumorigenesis. In this study, we used real-time quantitative methylation-specific PCR to detect a panel of miRNA methylation in tumor and adjacent normal tissues from surgically resected lung cancer patients. We found significantly higher methylation levels of miR-124a family, miR-126, miR-193a, miR-9 family, and miR-34b/c in tumor tissues (N=107) than in normal tissues (N=19, P&amp;lt;0.05), but no significant difference was found for miRNA-137 and miRNA-148a. The methylation levels of four miRNAs (miRNA-124a3, miRNA-148a, miR-9-3, and miR-34b/c) were higher in tumors from older patients than those from younger patients. MiR-9-1 (29.56±29.51) and miR-9-3 (30.49±28.50) had higher methylation in tumors from current smokers than never smokers (15.77±15.28 and 10.71±11.32, P=0.036 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in methylation levels of these four miRNAs between tumors from men and women. Hypermethylation of miR-9-1, miR-9-3, miR-34b/c and miR-148a was associated with significantly better survival with hazard rations of 0.35 (95% CI, 0.17-0.72), 0.48 (95% CI, 0.25-0.91), 0.52 (95% CI, 0.27-0.99), and 0.52 (95% CI, 0.28-0.98), respectively. Our results demonstrated that selected miRNAs are hypermethylated in lung cancer and miRNA hypermethylation might be a useful biomarker in detection and prognosis of lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4092.
Abstract 4317: PTEN-null tumors cohabiting the same lung display differential Akt activation and sensitivity to dietary restriction.
Authors: Natasha L. Curry, Mari Mino-Kenudson, Trudy G. Oliver, Omer H. Yilmaz, Vedat O. Yilmaz, Jade Moon, Tyler Jacks, David M. Sabatini, Nada Y. Kalaany
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract PTEN loss is considered a biomarker for activated PI3K/Akt, a pathway frequently mutated in cancer, and recently shown to confer resistance to dietary restriction (DR). Here we demonstrate that PTEN loss is not sufficient to drive Akt activation and resistance to DR in tumors with low growth factor receptor levels. We describe a murine PTEN-null Kras-driven lung cancer model that harbors both DR-resistant, higher-grade, bronchiolar tumors with high-Akt-activity, and DR-sensitive, lower-grade, alveolar tumors with low-Akt-activity. We find that this phenotype is cell-autonomous and that normal bronchiolar cells express higher levels of IGF1R and ENTPD5, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) enzyme known to modulate growth factor receptor levels. Suppression of ENTPD5 is sufficient to decrease IGF1R levels and sensitize bronchiolar tumor cells to serum in vitro and to DR in vivo. Furthermore, we find that a significant percentage of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have low Akt activity despite PTEN loss. Our studies point to a heterogeneity of Akt activation in the same murine PTEN-null lung tissue, as well as in human NSCLC, underscoring the challenges facing personalized cancer therapy based solely on cancer genotype. They further indicate that the tumor response to anti-cancer therapies, including DR, needs to be based upon PI3K/Akt activity per se, rather than genetic alterations in the PTEN/Akt pathway. Citation Format: Natasha L. Curry, Mari Mino-Kenudson, Trudy G. Oliver, Omer H. Yilmaz, Vedat O. Yilmaz, Jade Moon, Tyler Jacks, David M. Sabatini, Nada Y. Kalaany. PTEN-null tumors cohabiting the same lung display differential Akt activation and sensitivity to dietary restriction. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4317. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4317
Abstract 4285: Immunomodulatory activity of aza-podophyllotoxin derivatives
Authors: Ajay Kumar, Eric Miranda Valentin, Miguel Otero
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Derivatives of podophyllotoxin, namely etoposide (2), etopophos (3) and teniposide (4) have been developed and are currently used in clinic for the treatment of a variety of malignancies. Due to structural complexity of podophyllotoxin, commercial synthesis, further derivative synthesis and structural modifications of podophyllotoxin are limited. We have developed some heterocyclic analogues of podophyllotoxin i.e. N-hydroxyethyl-4-aza-podophyllotoxin derivatives (AZPs). Advantage of these compounds is their easy and fast synthesis as compared to the parent natural lignin i.e. podophyllotoxin. Owing to their promising activity against 60 cell lines at NCI, we further expanded the library of AZPs substituted at ring A and E. This was followed by a screen of in vivo activity using a panel of tumor hollow-grafts implanted in mice consisting of breast (MDA-MB-231), non-small lung (NCI-H23 and NCI-H522), colon (SW-620 and COLO 205), melanoma (UACC-62, MDA-MB-435 and LOXIMVI), ovarian (OVCAR-5 and OVCAR-3) and CNS (U251 and SF-295) cell lines. These new compounds shows comparatively excellent activity against several human cancer cell lines at NCI. We recently reported activity of AZPs in MTA resistant Cancer Cells. We are now reporting immunomodulatory effect of our AZPs for the first time, assessed by in-vitro stimulation of mouse lymphocytes for five days. Specifically, our preliminary data shows AP-102, AP-103, AP-104, and AP-205 to induce 2208, 2575, 2071, and 7166 pg/mL of G-CSF, respectively, and the AP-311, AP-312, AP-102, AP-103, AP-104, and AP-205 induced 551, 810, 772, 1125, 782, and 4351 pg/mL of IL-6, respectively. These data demonstrate the immunostimulatory ability of our AP compounds. Further experiments need to be performed to study the impact of these compounds in the modulation of the immune system. Citation Format: Ajay Kumar, Eric Miranda Valentin, Miguel Otero. Immunomodulatory activity of aza-podophyllotoxin derivatives. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4285. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4285
Prostate Cancer Screening — Polling Results
Authors: James A. Colbert, Jonathan N. Adler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

In August, we presented a case involving a 55-year-old man seeking guidance from his primary care physician on whether to pursue screening for prostate cancer with a yearly digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in Clinical Decisions,1 an interactive feature designed to assess how readers would manage a clinical problem for which there may be more than one appropriate approach to the care of patients. Two experts in the field presented arguments, one in favor of PSA testing and one opposed. We asked our readers to decide between these two approaches and to share their thoughts on . . .
Abstract 2835: Discovery of novel inhibitors for ECT2 as a novel therapeutic strategy for lung cancer
Authors: Tracey E. Beyer, Rachel M. Smith, Zuohe Song, Vijay Gokhale, Sylvestor A. Moses, Emmanuelle J. Meuillet
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The Epithelial Cell Transforming sequence 2 (ECT2) proto-oncogene is a Guanine Exchange Factor (GEF) for RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 and is essential to the regulation of cytokinesis. ECT2 contains the Dbl homology and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, which are the hallmarks of GEFs. ECT2 is over-expressed in primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors, and injection of ECT2 transfectants into nude mice efficiently induces tumor formation. High level of ECT2 expression is associated with poor prognosis for patients with NSCLC. Knock down of ECT2 expression by small interfering RNAs effectively suppresses lung cancer cell growth, suggesting a specific role of ECT2 in lung cancer development. Taken together, ECT2 may represent an attractive molecular target for inhibiting lung tumor growth. Our studies are based on the hypothesis that ECT2 plays an important role in lung cancer progression and is a novel target for the development of drugs to treat lung cancer. We have built a model for ECT2 PH domain using protein homology modeling. Docking of new compounds selected from commercial drug-like libraries has led to the identification of novel inhibitors of ECT2 PH domain. We have identified several compounds that bind ECT2 PH domain in the low micromolar range (KD&amp;lt;1μM) as measured using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and that inhibit the proliferation of a panel of 23 lung cancer cell lines (EC50&amp;lt;50μM). Importantly, inhibition occurred only in mutant-KRAS cells. Two compounds were shown to inhibit actin polymerization using a phalloidin-rhodamine stain as well as in vitro tumor formation using a colony forming assay and migration using a wound healing assay. These two compounds are being evaluated for their anti-tumor activity against several human lung cancer xenografts in SCID mice. The objectives of our studies are 1) to conduct molecular mechanistic studies of the precise role of ECT2 in the development of lung cancer in vivo animal model of lung cancer; 2) to test the most active compounds in cells in culture to provide a mechanistic rationale for their biological activity and 3) to test the anti-tumor properties of the lead compounds in a in vivo model of lung cancer. The overall goals of our work are to validate ECT2 as a therapeutic target for lung cancer and to develop a novel therapeutic strategy and agents for the improved treatment and the eventual cure of lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2835. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2835
Health collaboration between BBC and Bihar government is to expand to new areas
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Woodlands Hospice Family Support Team has been working with patients, their families and friends, encouraging them to find comfort and strength by documenting their thoughts and feelings in the form of prose, poetry or letters. Many of these personal reflections have been inspirational. The team has been investigating ways to share these writings in order to offer words of encouragement, inspiration and solace to others. <h3>Aims</h3> To provide resources which: • Provide a calm, quiet, accessible environment which enables reflection. • Recognises cultural and spiritual diversity. • Respects individual preference for anonymity. • Offers an inclusive approach which engages people, including children and young people. <h3>Methods</h3> The following resources were made available in the hospice ‘Quiet Room’: • A ‘Thoughts, feelings and words’ scrap book, with colourful designs encouraging people to write or read. • A ‘Poetry Pot’ with paper scrolls and examples of poetry to enthuse creativity and self-expression. • A ‘Message Tree’ with a selection of nature-inspired shapes to write on and either take home or hang on tree branches for others to read. • ‘One word stones’ to be decorated and taken home or placed in a basket for others to gain support from. <h3>Results</h3> Participants from a broad range of ages and backgrounds have taken part in the project and the majority of those have chosen to sign their work. Children and young people have developed the resources, illustrating their writing with art. Feedback indicates the ‘Quiet Room’ is providing a warm, relaxing safe space, which encourages expression and reflection. The project also encouraged communication with people who may not have ordinarily accessed Family Support Services. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The ‘What’s in a Message’ project has: • Provided opportunities for people to inspire, support and comfort each other. • Enabled people to release their emotions. • Highlighted just how much we respect and value thoughts and feelings.
Reply to Rácz et al.
Authors: D. Schilling, J. Riemann
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

With regard to the patients with known Helicobacter pylori status, diagnostic procedures had been performed in all cases after complete halting of bleeding by means of injection therapy alone or in combination with other methods. Endoscopic hemostatic procedures were carried out in all patients with a positive endoscopic Doppler sign; thus some patients with Forrest II and III gradings were also treated. None of the patients that we referred to surgery had bled by the time of the operation. However, the H. pylori status of those patients was determined in order to inform the surgeon about the etiology of the ulcer.