tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
St. Louis Virus Encephalomyelitis
Authors: J J SHINNER
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Surveillance of legionellosis within a hospital in northern Italy: May 1998 to September 1999
Authors: P Borella, A Bargelini, S Pergolizzi, G Gesu, R Vaiani, G Stancanelli, P Nizzero, C Curti, G Aggazzotti
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1999)

The incidence of legionella infection in Europe overall in 1997 was 3.9 cases per million population, with the lowest rates reported by Malta and Norway and the highest by Denmark. Ninety cases were reported in Italy (1.5 cases/million), 20% of which were
Abnormal intracellular calcium ion concentration in platelets and lymphocytes of bipolar patients
Authors: S L Dubovsky, J Murphy, M Thomas, J Rademacher
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

The authors measured intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in four manic and five bipolar depressed patients and seven comparison subjects. Platelet and lymphocyte intracellular Ca2+ concentrations were comparable. The patients' mean intracellular Ca2+ concentrations were higher than those of the comparison subjects and demonstrated more interindividual variation. These findings suggest a diffuse abnormality in mechanisms affecting intracellular calcium homeostasis in bipolar disorder.
Abstract P4-04-19: Primary breast cancer culture in a perfusion-based bioreactor suitable for in vitro testing of immune blockade therapy
Authors: MG Muraro, S Muenst, V Mele, GC Spagnoli, D Oertli, WP Weber, SD Soysal
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Introduction: Interaction between cancer cells and immune system critically affects development, progression and treatment of human malignancies. Two-dimensional (2D) in vitro culture systems and in vivo animal models are the primary tools used to test cancer cell response to drugs but they are not suited for the development of immune-mediated therapies. Here we present an innovative method to culture breast cancer tissue in porous 3D scaffolds by using a perfusion-based bioreactor system that allows the maintenance and expansion of tumor microenvironment. Experimental procedures: Freshly excised breast cancer specimens were fragmented and cultured in a 3D "sandwich-like format" between two layers of porous collagen scaffold under perfusion flow (U-CUP). DMEM/F12, supplemented with 10% autologous human serum, was used as a culture medium. We assessed the ability of tumor and non-malignant cells to survive and expand into the scaffold in perfusion culture, as well as their capacity to recapitulate features of the original breast cancer tissue. The maintenance of immune-infiltrating cells allowed testing of immune blockade therapy in vitro using anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA4 antibodies alone or in combination. Results: The U-CUP culture system preserved tissue viability better compared to a static culture and promoted the expansion of breast cancer cells from surgical specimens together with accompanying stromal and immune cells into the porous scaffold. Tumor tissues were viable after 21 days and mostly recapitulating the initial histology with formation of glands. Administration of anti-PDL1 antibody, alone or in combination with anti-CTLA4, to the culture medium was associated with increased expression of markers of immune-activation (i.e. IFNg) and decreased expression of immunosuppressive cytokine IL10. Conclusions: Our results show that culture of breast cancer tissue in a 3D perfusion-based bioreactor might represent a promising system for the pre-clinical evaluation of immune-mediated therapies. Preserving malignant, interstitial and immunocompetent cells comprised in surgically excised breast cancer samples might allow a direct evaluation of the effects of various treatments on the complex tumor microenvironment. This engineered in vitro model could be extended as a platform allowing the testing of innovative approaches for the treatment of human malignancies, possibly in the direction of personalized medicine. Citation Format: Muraro MG, Muenst S, Mele V, Spagnoli GC, Oertli D, Weber WP, Soysal SD. Primary breast cancer culture in a perfusion-based bioreactor suitable for in vitro testing of immune blockade therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-04-19.
Outcome prediction in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Comparison of alphafetoprotein (AFP) response and conventional radiologic criteria during sorafenib treatment.
Authors: N. Personeni, S. Bozzarelli, T. Pressiani, L. Rimassa, M. C. Tronconi, F. Sclafani, C. Carnaghi, L. Giordano, A. Santoro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

4092 Background: Evidence suggests that AFP response predicts survival in HCC patients (pts) treated with locoregional procedures or systemic therapies. Its impact on outcome prediction in pts receiving sorafenib is still unknown. Methods: AFP was prospectively collected at baseline and during treatment, along with tumor measurements. In pts with AFP levels > 7 ng/mL, AFP response was defined as a decrease > 20% in AFP, after 8 weeks from start of sorafenib. We compared the correlations of AFP response and disease control (DC, partial response + stable disease per RECIST criteria at imaging) with overall survival (OS) in HCC pts receiving sorafenib. Pts with normal AFP levels at baseline and after 8 weeks were considered separately. Results: 119 HCC pts with measurable disease were evaluated: 98 were assessable for AFP response and 21 had normal AFP levels. Median OS was 10.5 mo in pts with DC and 7.7 mo in pts with progressive disease (PD; p = 0.024). In AFP responders OS was 13.3 mo compared to 8.8 mo in nonresponders (p = 0.019). In multivariate Cox analysis, AFP response (responders v nonresponders; hazard ratio [HR], 0.59; p = 0.048), radiologic outcome (DC v PD; HR, 0.57; p = 0.030) and extrahepatic spread (absent v present; HR, 0.50; p = 0.005) were retained as contributory prognostic factors for survival. Other clinical variables variables (sex, age, performance status, Child score, and bilirubin) had statistically nonsignificant prognostic impact in univariate analyses. In 62 pts achieving DC on imaging, median OS among AFP responders was longer than in nonresponders (14.8 mo vs. 9.6 mo, p = 0.023), and longer time to tumor progression (TTP) was seen (8.1 mo vs. 6.1 mo, p = 0.008). In pts with normal AFP levels median OS was longer than in patients assessable for AFP response (13.8 mo vs. 9.8 mo, p = 0.02), as well as TTP (6.0 mo v 4.1 mo, p=.09). Conclusions: AFP response and conventional radiologic assessment yield similar HRs for OS in HCC pts treated with sorafenib. However, in pts achieving DC, AFP response is an ancillary and objective method to further refine prognosis. Stable AFP levels in the normal range translate into better OS, reflecting more favourable prognostic features. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
STAT3 inhibition prevents lung inflammation, remodeling, and accumulation of Th2 and Th17 cells in a murine asthma model
Authors: A. C. Gavino, K. Nahmod, U. Bharadwaj, G. Makedonas, D. J. Tweardy
Journal: Allergy (2016)

Abstract Background STAT 3 drives development of Th17 cells and cytokine production by Th2 and Th17 cells, which contribute to asthma. Alternative asthma treatments are needed, especially for the Th17 phenotype. We sought to determine whether C188‐9, a small‐molecule STAT 3 inhibitor, can block Th2 and Th17 cell expansion and cytokine production to prevent house dust mite ( HDM )‐induced airway inflammation and remodeling. Methods Three groups of C57 BL /6 mice were treated intranasally ( IN ) and intraperitoneally ( IP ) daily for 3 weeks with the following: (i) vehicle 1 IN and vehicle 2 IP , (ii) HDM IN and vehicle 2 IP , or (iii) HDM IN and C188‐9 IP . Sections of lung were stained with Alcian Blue/ PAS and examined microscopically. Total (t) STAT 3, STAT 3 phosphorylated on Y705 ( pSTAT 3), IL ‐17, IL ‐13, IL ‐5, and IL ‐4 levels were measured in lung protein extracts and serum using Luminex beads. Frequencies of Th2‐type and Th17‐type lymphocytes were assessed in lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF ) by multiparametric flow cytometry. Results HDM inhalation markedly increased airway goblet cell numbers and thickness of the epithelium and subepithelial smooth muscle layer, which was accompanied in the whole lung by increased pSTAT 3, IL ‐4, IL ‐5, IL ‐13, and IL ‐17, and % CD 4 + T cells that produce IL ‐5, IL ‐13, and IL ‐17. HDM inhalation also increased serum IL ‐4 and IL ‐17 levels and increased BALF % CD 4 + T cells that produce IL ‐5 and IL ‐13. Remarkably, treatment with C188‐9 normalized each endpoint. Conclusion HDM ‐induced airway inflammation, remodeling, and Th2/Th17‐type cell accumulation involve STAT 3 activation that can be prevented by C188‐9 treatment.
Oral Clofarabine for Relapsed/Refractory Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Final Results from a Phase 1-2 Trial
Authors: Jeremy S. Abramson, Eric D. Jacobsen, Robert Allyn Redd, Tak Takvorian, David C. Fisher, Jennifer R. Brown, Joel H Schwartz, James Weitzman, Donna Neuberg, Jeffrey A. Barnes, Ephraim P Hochberg
Journal: Blood (2014)
Eva
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical Lecture on Retention of Urine
Authors: C. Heath
Journal: BMJ (1888)

I PROPOSE to-day to speak of retention of urine, and it will be convenient to consider it at different ages.In the case of a new- born child there is sometimes a difficulty in passing water, which always depends upon a contracted orifice of the prepuce.When tthe child tries to make water it " balloons " its foreskin, swells it out, that is, into something like a child's balloon.Of course, the treatment in such a case is obvious and simple.You have only to dilate the orifice of the prepuce with a pair of forceps, or if it is at all a severe case, when the child is a little older, you had perhaps better circutmcise it, and there is an end of the matter.
PTU-304 Cost-effectiveness of current therapies in primary biliary cirrhosis: a systematic review of economic evidence
Authors: G Pells, D Jones, L Vale
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune chronic cholestatic liver disease. One therapy, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), is FDA approved. Many patients, however, do not respond to this treatment. Serious medical morbidity, impact on patient quality of life (QoL), and mortality are not uncommon despite UDCA therapy. This study set out to assess the economic evidence for current PBC therapies in order to inform the development and implementation of novel therapies. <h3>Method</h3> A systematic review of cost and cost-effectiveness evidence for recognised therapies in PBC was conducted. Data were extracted from relevant studies and assessed for quality in accordance with Centre for Reviews and Dissemination guidelines. <h3>Results</h3> Only two studies, both of UDCA cost-effectiveness, were identified. Although deriving data from randomised controlled trials, no justification for selection of positive UDCA effectiveness data in a broad and ambiguous field was given. A maximum of 5 years of UDCA therapy was studied. Estimates of cost ranged from US$1372 saving per year of therapy, to an extrapolated disease lifetime saving of EUR 6338 per treated patient. Both studies assessed cost from a direct hospital-based perspective only, with no inclusion of primary care costs or adjustment for QoL. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This work is the first systematic review of economic evaluations in PBC. No current or comprehensive economic evaluations of PBC treatments exist. A PBC model informed by recent advances in disease understanding is required to facilitate estimation of the economic burden of PBC and evaluation of cost-effectiveness of novel therapies currently undergoing clinical trials. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Carbamazepine
Authors: WAYNE E. CRILL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Carbamazepine was approved 5 years ago by the FDA for treatment of pain associated with trigeminal neuralgia and glossopharyngeal neuralgia. It is now the principal drug for treatment of these conditions. Studies have shown that it is also effective in the treatment of the lightning pains associated with tabes dorsalis; however, it was not approved by the FDA for this condition. Carbamazepine is used most of the world outside the United States as an anticonvulsant. Currently, controlled studies in the United States are under way to determine its efficacy in treating seizure disorders. Because carbamazepine has many side reactions, completely listed in the package insert, patients receiving this drug must be followed closely.
Reversibility of long-term tardive dyskinesia associated with antiparkinsonian medication: a case report
Authors: M I Good
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

The author describes the case of a patient who received neuroleptics and antiparkinsonian medications for more than 7 years and whose tardive dyskinesia symptoms disappeared after trihexyphenidyl was discontinued. The case appears to support the hypothesis that there is a threshold effect of antiparkinsonian agents on tardive dyskinesia.
Population-based study of small-cell lung cancer.
Authors: S K Carter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1985.3.6.883 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 2989446 Population-based study of small-cell lung cancer. S K CarterxS K CarterSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1985.3.6.883 PDF "Population-based study of small-cell lung cancer.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 3(6), pp. 883–884© 1985 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
P98 The relationship between invasive and non-invasive measures of inflammation in children with severe therapy-resistant asthma: Abstract P98 Table 1
Authors: S Mckeon, S Saglani, A Bush, L Fleming
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Children with severe therapy-resistant asthma (STRA) are refractory to treatment despite optimal management. Assessment of airway inflammation to phenotype these patients can enable targeted therapy. Samples obtained at bronchoscopy provide the most direct measure of lower airway inflammation; however, non-invasive measures (induced sputum and exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO)) are of greater clinical utility. We have previously demonstrated a poor relationship between blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophilic phenotype using clinical cut-offs for children (blood eosinophils 1.0 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L).<sup>1</sup> Recent studies of the anti-IL-5 antibody mepolizumab have used a lower cut point (0.3 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L) for blood eosinophils.<sup>2</sup> The aim of this study was to assess the concordance between BAL and non-invasive measures of inflammation. <h3>Methods</h3> 113 children (aged 4–17 years) with STRA underwent bronchoscopy at the Royal Brompton Hospital. They had all previously been assessed and potentially modifiable factors such as poor adherence had been addressed. Inflammation was measured invasively using BAL cytology and non-invasively by blood eosinophils, induced sputum cytology, and FeNO. The eosinophilic phenotype was defined as BAL eosinophils &gt;1.19%; blood eosinophils ≥0.3 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L; sputum eosinophils ≥2.5%; and FeNO &gt;35ppb. The relationship between measures was assessed using Spearman rank correlation and Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine which cut points best determined BAL eosinophilia and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) calculated. <h3>Results</h3> The predominant phenotype in all samples was eosinophilic. There was 75.6–77.8% concordance between the eosinophilic phenotype in BAL and each of the non-invasive measures. Blood and BAL eosinophils had the strongest correlation (r = 0.57, p &lt; 0.001, n = 84). Weaker correlations were found between the other measures. The most promising predictor of BAL eosinophilia was a blood eosinophil count of 0.15 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L (PPV 84.1, NPV 71.4) (Table 1). <h3>Conclusions</h3> These results suggest that blood eosinophils at a lower cut-point may be a useful measure of lower airway inflammation. However, this is still a relatively invasive test in children and there is little data available about longitudinal stability of blood eosinophils. <h3>References</h3> 1 Ullmann N, <i>et al</i>.<i> Allergy</i><b>2013</b>;68:402 2 Pavord ID, <i>et al</i>.<i> Lancet</i><b>2012</b>;380:651
Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: John Figgis Jewett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

COMMITTEE ON MATERNAL WELFAREFolic Acid DeficiencyA 15-year-old gravida 1 was first seen at 20 weeks' gestation with a hemoglobin of 13.2 g per 100 ml, normal blood pressure, a trace of proteinuria, and a history of gaining 15.9 kg in weight. At 35 weeks, when cystitis developed and was corrected with sulfisoxazole, the hematocrit was found to be 23 per cent. Iron was given orally but after three weeks, the hematocrit was 28 per cent, the hemoglobin 8.7 g per 100 ml, the red-cell count 2.4 million, the mean corpuscular hemoglobin 38 pg, the mean corpuscular volume 114 . . .
Weight Loss and Health Status after Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents
Authors: Stefan D Anker, Markus S Anker, Stephan von Haehling
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

To the Editor: Inge et al. (Jan. 14 issue)1 report on the results of the Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen-LABS) study, and they note that 66% of the adolescents who underwent gastric bypass and 32% of those who underwent sleeve gastrectomy had low ferritin levels. The Supplementary Appendix (available with the full text of the article at NEJM.org) describes an abnormal ferritin level as less than 10 μg per liter in adolescent girls and less than 20 μg per liter in adolescent boys. Thus, according to these levels, more than half the patients in this study had a major side effect of treatment with bariatric surgery — absolute iron deficiency.2 To term this outcome as anything other than absolute iron deficiency may be somewhat misleading with respect to clinical importance. If iron deficiency as a consequence of bariatric surgery is well known, why, then, is it not treated more aggressively during follow-up? We would argue that many of the patients in this study were in need of intensive treatment, and we wonder how many of them received iron intravenously during the 3-year study. We and others have shown that iron deficiency is associated with poor quality of life and poor outcomes in patients with many different conditions.3,4 Were such associations observed here? Stefan D. Anker, M.D., Ph.D.
Prognostic variables for the incremental shuttle walking test in patients with COPD
Authors: Niels de Voogd, Johan Wempe, Gemma Maters, Eric van Sonderen, Robbert Sanderman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction: The incremental shuttle walking test (ISWT) is used to assess exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is responsive to pulmonary rehabilitation.

Aims: This study was designed to examine the prognostic variables for the ISWT in patients with COPD in pulmonary rehabilitation.

Methods: 188 patients (94 men) performed an ISWT before a pulmonary rehabilitation program. Lung function, nutritional status and depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed.

Results: The mean (SD) age was 61.1 (10.2) years, FEV1 1.16 (0.54) l, RV/TLC ratio 50.9 (10.4)%, BMI 26.0 (6.6), fat free mass index (FFMI) 18.9 (4.7), depression symptoms (HADS) 6.1 (4.2), anxiety symptoms (HADS) 6.9 (4.2). The ISWT distance was 209.6 (144.7) meters. The total variance explained by the model was 48.2%. R2 change: FEV1 (l) 28.5%, age 7.6%, depression symptoms 7.0%, BMI 3.8% and RV/TLC 1.3%. Sex, FFMI, smoking behavior and anxiety symptoms were not significant.

Conclusions: Prognostic variables for the ISWT are both physical (pulmonary and non-pulmonary) and psychological.