tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P63 The prevalence of viral hepatitis in patients undergoing anti-tuberculous therapy
Authors: M. Asgheddi, D. W. Connell, H. A. Nooredinvand, M. Abdullah, M. O'Donoghue, L. Campbell, A. Lalvani, M. Wickremasinghe, S. Khan, O. M. Kon
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> One-third of the world9s population is thought to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb); the highest incidence rates for active disease are found in the WHO9s South-East Asian and African regions. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) each infect about 0.3% of the UK population. HBV/HCV are treatable but largely asymptomatic until advanced liver disease and/or cancer. Screening for HBV/HCV is recommended in high-risk individuals but is not routinely performed in TB patients. HBV/HCV share similar epidemiological “hotspots” to TB, and several studies, primarily in South America and East Asia, have shown an increased prevalence of HBV/HCV in TB patients and an association between HBV/HCV and Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) following anti-TB therapy. No such analysis has been performed in the UK. <h3>Aims</h3> To assess The prevalence of markers of HBV and HCV infection in patients undergoing anti-TB therapy. Whether serological evidence of HBV/HCV increases risk of DILI. <h3>Method</h3> A prospective study on 429 TB patients receiving anti-TB therapy in a diverse urban TB clinic. Serological markers of HBV/HCV/HIV infection were documented. ALT was measured prior to treatment and 2–4 weeks after treatment initiation. DILI was defined as an ALT rise of greater than 2-times upper limit of normal following a normal pre-treatment level (&lt;40 IU/ml). <h3>Results</h3> 58.7% of patients were from either South-East Asia or Africa. 61 (14.2%) patients were isolated anti-HBc antibody positive (Anti-HBc), 11 (2.6%) were Hepatitis B surface antigen positive (HBsAg) and 7 (1.6%) were HCV antibody positive. The prevalence of active HBV/HCV infection was significantly higher than the estimated UK prevalence in this urban TB clinic. Three (5.3%) patients with serological evidence of HBV/HCV had DILI compared to 25 (9.5%) of those without. <h3>Conclusion</h3> HBV/HCV prevalence is higher among TB patients and routine screening for viral hepatitis should be considered in this group. DILI was not increased in patients with serological markers of HBV/HCV.
Commentary: Children's Health and the Environment: A New Agenda for Prevention Research
Authors: Philip J. Landrigan, Joy E. Carlson, Cynthia F. Bearer, Joan Spyker Cranmer, Robert D. Bullard, Ruth A. Etzel, John Groopman, John A. McLachlan, Frederica P. Perera, J. Routt Reigart, Leslie Robison, Lawrence Schell, William A. Suk
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Patterns of illness in American children have changed dramatically in this century.The ancient infectious diseases have largely been controlled.The major diseases confronting children now are chronic and disabling conditions termed the "new pediatric morbidity" asthma mortality has doubled; leukemia and brain cancer have increased in incidence; neurodevelopmental dysfunction is widespread; hypospadias incidence has doubled.Chemical toxicants in the environment as well as poverty, racism, and inequitable access to medical care are factors known and suspected to contribute to causation of these pediatric diseases.Children are at risk of exposure to over 15,000 high-production-volume synthetic chemicals, nearly all of them developed in the past 50 years.These chemicals are used widely in consumer products and are dispersed in the environment.More than half are untested for toxicity.Children appear uniquely vulnerable to chemical toxicants because of their disproportionately heavy exposures and their inherent biological susceptibility.To prevent disease of environmental origin in America's children, the Children's Environmental Health Network (CEHN) calls for a comprehensive, national, child- centered agenda.This agenda must recognize children's vulnerabilities to environmental toxicants.It must encompass a) a new prevention-oriented research focus; b) a new child- centered paradigm for health risk assessment and policy formulation; and c) a campaign to educate the public, health professionals, and policy makers that environmental disease is caused by preventable exposures and is therefore avoidable.To anchor the agenda, CEHN calls for longterm, stable investment and for creation of a national network of pediatric environmental health research and prevention centers.
Successful peroral endoscopic myotomy in situs inversus totalis
Authors: Domenico Galasso, Mohan Ramchandani, Rakesh Kalpala, Sundeep Lakhtakia, Rajesh Gupta, Santosh Darisetty, D. Reddy
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Situs inversus viscerum is a rare, autosomal, recessive condition in which the position of organs in the body is transposed to the opposite side. Most commonly, all viscera (abdominal and thoracic) are transposed, a condition known as situs inversus totalis (SIT) [1].
Triple-Negative Breast Cancers Express Receptors for GnRH and Can Be Effectively Targeted by the Orally Active GnRH-Antagonist AEZS 115.
Authors: J. Engel, A. Schreiber, S. Seitz, F. Köster, T. Gaiser, U. Kämmerer, J. Dietl, A. Honig
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract IntroductionAEZS-115* is an orally active peptidomimetic antagonist of GnRH, which has been shown to block the pituitary GnRH receptor. In various tumors an autocrine growth promoting loop consisting of GnRH secreted by the malignant cells and tumoral GnRH receptors has been described. The current study investigates the expression of GnRH-receptors in tumor samples of triple-negative breast cancers and evaluates the anti-tumor activity of the GnRH antagonist AEZS 115 in in vitro models of triple negative breast cancers.Study design17 human samples of triple negative breast cancers were tested for GnRH-receptor expression by immunohistochemistry. Human triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB 468, HCC 1806 and HCC 1937 were analyzed for GnRH receptor expression by immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis. These cell lines were incubated with increasing concentrations of AEZS-115, peptidic GnRH-antagonist Cetrorelix and GnRH-agonist Triptorelin (1, 10, 100 µm) for 48 hours and the number of viable cells was determined by crystal violet staining as well as by ATP-dependent luminometric assay.ResultsPositive staining for GnRH-receptors was detected in all tumor samples (2 high, 12 moderate, 3 weak). Cell lines MDA MB 468, HCC 1806 and HCC 1937 expressed GnRH receptors as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis. GnRH-antagonist AEZS 115 dose dependently inhibited growth of all three cell lines, while GnRH-agonist Triptorelin and peptidic GnRH antagonist Cetrorelix showed marginal growth inhibition. At 10 µm AEZS-115 inhibited cell growth by 40-60%, at 100 µm growth inhibition was 60-80%. These results obtained by crystal violet staining were confirmed by additional luminometric evaluation of the ATP content after treatment with the respective substances.ConclusionsThe orally active, peptdidomimetic GnRH antagonist AEZS-115 showed substantial anti-tumor activity in these cell lines, while GnRH-agonist Triptorelin and peptidic antagonist Cetrorelix showed only minor growth inhibition. Thus, in triple negative breast cancers the peptidomimetic antagonist AEZS-115 was more potent than the decapeptide Cetrorelix. This finding could be explained by atypical GnRH-receptors on tumor tissue to which the different GnRH-antagonists might bind with different affinity. Due to high receptor expression the GnRH receptor is a promising target in triple negative breast cancers. The good antitumor-activity makes AEZS-115 a promising candidate for in vivo studies in this tumor entity.*Aeterna Zentaris GmbH, Frankfurt/M, Germany. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6108.
PWE-111 Assessment and Implications of Health-Related Quality of Life in a District General Cohort of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
Authors: N Swart, D Wellsted, K Lithgo, T Price, M W Johnson
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) has been shown to have far-reaching implications for patient self-management, treatment efficiency and engagement with their own illness. <b>Objectives</b> To assess the levels of HRQOL experienced by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients within the district general setting. <h3>Methods</h3> 2400 patients with IBD in the Luton &amp; Dunstable catchment were invited to participate in a web-based quality of life assessment, with the option to request a paper copy. All patients were deemed eligible provided they were between 18 and 90 years of age, with no major learning difficulties or pre-existing serious mental disorders. HRQOL was measured using the 10-item “short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire” (sIBDQ; Irvine <i>et al</i> 1996). The sIBDQ is divided into four subscales: Systemic, Emotion, Social and Bowel. Possible scores for the sIBDQ ranged from 7 to 70, with lower scores indicating poorer quality of life. <h3>Results</h3> 245 patients completed the assessment (43% male; mean age = 53, SD = 17). 45% had Ulcerative Colitis, 45% had Crohn’s Disease and 10% had an alternative form of IBD (eg. Proctitis, Lymphocytic Colitis or Collagenous Colitis). The HRQOL of patients in this study was low, and similar to that reported by Irvine <i>et al</i> The mean score of the sample was 48 (CI = 46.6 – 49.4). There are no published validated cut-off values for the sIBDQ indicating a “normal” QoL. Using Huaman <i>et al</i>’s (2010) estimated value for the IBDQ-36 (209 in the range 36–252) we assumed a cut-off of 56 in the range 7–70 to estimate a cut-off for the sIBDQ. This would mean that approximately 70% of the sample had an ‘abnormally’ low Quality of Life. For comparison, subscale scores were divided by the number of items they contained. Mean subscale scores were: Systemic – 4.3 (CI = 4.1–4.5); Emotion – 4.8 (CI = 4.7–4.9); Social - 5.4 (CI = 5.2–5.6); Bowel – 4.8 (CI = 4.6–5.0). A ‘tail-off’ effect was also noted, representing a small group of patients who reported having a significantly reduced health-related quality of life. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study found that Social aspects of Quality of Life were less severely affected by IBD than Emotional or Bowel-related aspects, allowing patients to maintain a relatively high level of social activity. The medical (or Bowel) aspects of the condition were perceived to have the greatest negative impact on HRQOL. However, to make significant improvements in the patients’ total QOL one has to focus on improving their emotional engagement with the condition and their overall perception of the IBD and the symptoms they suffer. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Abstract 824: Comparison of the high risk HPV detection methods (HC II, DNA Chip, and luminex-based assay) in cervical lesion of Korean women
Authors: Jae Eun Shin, Yun Sun Kim, Ku Hee Kim, Sumi Bae, Yong Wook Kim, Dong Chun Park, Woong Shick Ahn
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) of female genital tract is very important, several HPV DNA detection methods have been developed during the last decade. In previous report, we introduced luminex-based HPV genotyping assay that is combined PCR amplification. In this study, we compared performances to detect high risk HPV types in hybrid capture 2 (HC II), DNA Chip, and luminex-based assay. A total of 330 cervical swabs from Cervical Cancer Early Diagnostic Clinic, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital were investigated. DNA was extracted from a single sample and HPV DNA detection assays were performed on the same specimen with 3 strategies and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Among 330 cervical swabs, 230 were HPV positive, 100 were negative. HPV detection rates of Luminex, HC II and DNA Chip in 330 specimens were 65.2%, 61.2% and 68.8%, respectively. The results of DNA sequence analysis, accuracy of Luminex, HC II and DNA Chip was 91.2%, 82.7% and 80.9%, respectively. HPV DNA infection slightly increase with severity of disease in cytologic and histologic diagnosis, there is no correlation between HPV, because HPV DNAs were detected in many samples with normal in this study. Conclusively in HPV detection comparison, DNA Chip had relatively high detection rate than Luminex and HC II, but Luminex had the highest accuracy for HPV DNA detection. These results indicate that the Luminex-based assay has more accurate performance than DNA Chip and HC II assay in the detection of HPV infections. We suggest that Luminex-based assay may be useful method for detecting of HPV infection clinically. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 824.
Shape-Memory Alloy Loop Snare for Endoscopic Photodynamic Therapy of Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: T Nakamura, H Fukui, Y Ishii, M Fujita, K Hori, K Ejiri, M Ejiri, T Fujimori
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Background and Study Aims: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has proved effective in the treatment of gastric cancer, but there is room for improvement. To achieve the technical goal of carrying out endoscopic PDT, endoscopists need to determine the precise area for laser irradiation at adequate dosages. This report describes the use of a shapememory alloy (SMA) loop snare as a useful tool in endoscopic PDT.
Gastric pancreatic heterotopia: an unusual cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: V. Prachayakul, P. Aswakul, M. Deesomsak, A. Pongpaibul
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 28-year-old woman presented with history of chronic intermittent anemic symptoms with dark stool for few years. Her blood tests showed a low hemoglobin level (6.6 mg/dL). She underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), which revealed two subepithelial lesions, diameter 1.0 cm and 1.5 cm and with central umbilication, located in the antral area. These endoscopic findings typically suggested pancreatic rests ([Fig. 1]). She underwent colonoscopy, video-capsule enteroscopy, Meckel's scan, and single-balloon enteroscopy, with negative results. An endosonographic study of one subepithelial lesion showed a hypoechoic lesion with central anechoic area arising from the third layer of the gastric wall, consistent with the diagnosis of pancreatic rest ([Fig. 2]). During the intensive investigations the patient continued to have intermittent acute anemia, requiring several blood transfusions. The last time she presented with black color stool with anemia, she underwent EGD again, which showed an acute, clean-based ulcer on of the larger pancreatic rest lesion ([Fig. 3]). She was referred for surgery (laparoscopy-assisted wedge resection of the stomach) and pathological examination confirmed presence of pancreatic rests ([Fig. 4]). At 6 months follow-up the patient was doing well without any recurrence of bleeding. The pancreatic rest (also called pancreatic heterotopia, aberrant pancreas, heterotopic pancreas and accessory pancreas) consists of normal pancreatic tissue in an ectopic location. In a case series reported by Chen et al. in 2008, only a third of the patient were symptomatic (abdominal pain, abdominal distention, and gastrointestinal bleeding in 60 %, 15 %, and 30 %, respectively) [1]. There are a few reports of gastrointestinal hemorrhage related to this lesion, but bleeding from gastric pancreatic heterotopia is very rare and usually occurs in relation to a large lesion [2]. The more common location of pancreatic heterotopia with bleeding is in the small intestine [3]. The few cases reports of gastric pancreatic rests along with bleeding from Meckel's diverticulum did not find a clear association between the two.
NIH Launches Human Genome Effort
Authors: E. Blume
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

NIH Launches Human Genome Effort Get access Elaine Blume Elaine Blume Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 80, Issue 17, 2 November 1988, Pages 1356–1357, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.17.1356 Published: 02 November 1988
PTU-162 Capsule endoscopy: diagnostic yield and clinical outcomes in North-East Lincolnshire
Authors: J R White, R Mudawi, A Naqvi, S Enaganti
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Capsule Endoscopy (CE) has become a very important non-invasive tool for the investigation of small bowel pathology. This study examines the patient pathway to CE, from initial referral to final clinical outcome, within our newly established service. <h3>Methods</h3> Medical notes for patients who underwent CE in North East Lincolnshire from 2009 to 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. Information analysed included demographics, previous investigation, diagnosis and subsequent treatment. <h3>Results</h3> 123 patients underwent CE in the 2-year study period. 22 notes were unobtainable, so 101 were analysed. The study population characteristics include a median age of 59 (16–76 yrs), an equal gender spread (53% female and 47% male) with a 99% white ethnic majority. 95% of referrals were as an outpatient and 92% were made by physicians. The median waiting time was 115 days. The main indications were: recurrent iron deficiency anaemia (48.5%), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (33.7%), overt gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (15%). Patients had commonly undergone previous investigations: marjority had gastroscopy, colonoscopy (82.3%), CT abdomen (22.8%), Barium meal (21.8%), small bowel MRI (18.8%) and flexi-sigmoidoscopy (9.9%). 6.9% (7 patients) had undergone a previous CE. CE detected abnormality in 97% of this cohort, although some were insignificant. The most common pathology was: erosions (54.5%), evidence of blood (41.6%), angiodysplastic lesions (32.6%), ulceration (28.7%), focal inflammation (26.7%) and upper GI inflammation (19.8%). 72.2% of pathology was in the small bowel. Procedural complications included capsule retention (2), and suboptimal views in four patients. CE reporting confirmed diagnoses of angiodysplasia (25.7%), IBD (16.8%), drug induced small bowel erosions (6.9%), duodenitis/gastritis/oesophagitis (5.9%) and ulceration (4.9%). Rarer diagnoses included small bowel tumour and Meckel9s Diverticulum. Median reporting time was 35 days. CE significantly contributed to the management of the patients examined: 78% had changes to their medications (eg, stop NSAIDs, start IBD drugs), 62% underwent further investigations (eg, enteroscopy, gastroscopy and colonoscopy), 52% underwent therapeutic intervention (eg, APC, polypectomy and surgical referral). However, in 30% their management was unchanged. The majority of patients (88.1%) are still under active follow-up today. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The CE experience at this centre is of a simple, well-tolerated investigation which allows definite diagnoses to be made with minimal complications. Higher diagnostic yield compared to previous published data could be explained by the strict inclusion criteria and recent introduction of this new service. This expanding service highlights the need for more resources to reduce waiting and reporting times in line with other GI investigations. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Abstract 4677: Non-prostate cancer death within 5 years after radical therapy in men with localized prostate cancer.
Authors: Takashi Kobayashi, Tomomi Kamba, Naoki Terada, Toshinari Yamasaki, Itaru Ikeda, Haruo Inokuchi, Yoshiki Norihisa, Takashi Mizowaki, Takahiro Inoue, Kazutoshi Okubo, Koji Yoshimura, Masahiro Hiraoka, Osamu Ogawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: As AUA guideline for the Management of Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: 2007 Update states “An assessment of the patient's life expectancy, overall health status, and tumor characteristics should be undertaken before any treatment decisions can be made," definitive therapy for localized prostate cancer is usually recommended for patients with 5-year life expectancy or more. In some cases, however, unexpected lethal disease is diagnosed and causes death within 5 years after prostate cancer treatment. It seems important to elucidate the characteristics of other causes of death during follow up period after definitive therapy for localized prostate cancer (PCa). Patients and Methods: We reviewed 664 consecutive patients who had received radical prostatectomy (RP, n = 107) or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT, n = 557) and been followed up over 5 years at our institute. Survival status was evaluated and cause of death was identified in dead cases. All cases underwent chest and abdominal computed tomography (CT) and bone scan that were negative for metastasis. Results: At latest follow up, 103 (15.5%) patients were dead of PCa (n = 48) and other causes (n = 55), respectively. Of the 55 patients who died of other causes, 26 did not survive 5 years after radical treatment for PCa. 54% of them died of other malignancies including lung (n = 7) and gastrointestinal (GI) tract (n = 3), lymphoma (n = 2), liver (n = 1), and pancreatic (n = 1) cancers. Non-cancer causes included cerebrovascular disease (n = 3), pulmonary disease (n = 3), ischemic heart disease (n = 2), and unknown (n = 3). Conclusions: Since all patients had negative chest CT for primary lung cancer, some patients with localized PCa seemed to have developed more lethal and rapid malignancy after treatment for PCa. Urologists may need to pay their attention that their patients undergo regular mass screening for common diseases even if they were under urological follow up. Pretreatment test for fecal occult blood may be useful to screen GI tract cancer before treatment initiation. Citation Format: Takashi Kobayashi, Tomomi Kamba, Naoki Terada, Toshinari Yamasaki, Itaru Ikeda, Haruo Inokuchi, Yoshiki Norihisa, Takashi Mizowaki, Takahiro Inoue, Kazutoshi Okubo, Koji Yoshimura, Masahiro Hiraoka, Osamu Ogawa. Non-prostate cancer death within 5 years after radical therapy in men with localized prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4677. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4677