tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTH-146 Impact of haemoglobin on survival in oesophagogastric cancer: haemoglobin at diagnosis and prior to surgery predicts survival
Authors: O Ng, B Oakley, S Holmes, S Parsons, J Catton, S Madhusudan, E James, M Brookes, A Acheson
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Anaemia is common in oesophagogastric cancer. Major operations performed for these cancers are associated with significant blood loss and need for transfusions. Concerns exist about the side effects of blood transfusion, cost and availability of donated blood. Our study aims to identify incidence of anaemia, change in haemoglobin, rates of blood transfusion and mortality associated with the diagnosis and treatment of oesophagogastric cancer. <h3>Method</h3> We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients diagnosed with oesophagogastric cancer in 2012–2013 at a single high-volume referral centre. Data was collected on site, histology, staging, haemoglobin, blood transfusions, survival and treatment. WHO definitions were used to define anaemia. <h3>Results</h3> 550 patients were included in the study. Median haemoglobin at time of diagnosis was 127 g/L (37–188 g/L). 227 patients (45%) were anaemic at diagnosis. Higher haemoglobin at diagnosis improved survival (irrespective of a diagnosis of anaemia) with high normal haemoglobin (&gt;150 g/L) showing significantly better survival than low normal haemoglobin (130–150 g/L), p &lt; 0.001. Mild anaemia (110–130 g/L) had significantly poorer survival again but superior to moderate and severe anaemia (p &lt; 0.05 Breslow-Wilcoxon). Anaemia prior to surgery was also associated with poorer survival (p &lt; 0.05). In the 233 patients treated with surgery, 86 (38.9%) were anaemic at diagnosis. However, this increases to 144 patients (66.9%) prior to surgery and 203 (93.9%) post-operatively. If anaemic prior to curative surgery patients were 29.5% more likely to receive a blood transfusions. Logistic regression analysis revealed male sex, anaemia at diagnosis and neoadjuvant chemotherapy correlated with pre-operative anaemia (p &lt; 0.05). Staging was not a predictor of anaemia. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy increased the number of patients who were anaemic prior to surgery by 26.5% and the average drop in haemoglobin to 15 g/L compared to 5 g/L for those who went straight to surgery. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Anaemia is common in oesophagogastric cancer and becomes worse during treatment. Neoadjuvant treatment increases the rates and severity of anaemia. Lower haemoglobin at diagnosis and anaemia prior to surgery are both associated with poorer survival and more blood transfusions. A more proactive strategy to the management of anaemia is required if we are to attempt to avoid the excess mortality and blood transfusions seen here in oesophagogastric cancer. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Design and computational analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing experiments
Authors: Rhonda Bacher, Christina Kendziorski
Journal: Genome biology (2016)

Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a revolutionary tool that allows us to address scientific questions that eluded examination just a few years ago. With the advantages of scRNA-seq come computational challenges that are just beginning to be addressed. In this article, we highlight the computational methods available for the design and analysis of scRNA-seq experiments, their advantages and disadvantages in various settings, the open questions for which novel methods are needed, and expected future developments in this exciting area.
Signaling-mediated cooperativity between glycoprotein Ib-IX and protease-activated receptors in thrombin-induced platelet activation
Authors: Brian Estevez, Kyungho Kim, M. Keegan Delaney, Aleksandra Stojanovic-Terpo, Bo Shen, Changgeng Ruan, Jaehyung Cho, Zaverio M. Ruggeri, Xiaoping Du
Journal: Blood (2016)
TMIC-16NOX GENERATED REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES PROMOTES GLIOBLASTOMA GROWTH AND SURVIVAL THROUGH INACTIVATION OF PTEN
Authors: Kirsten Ludwig, Harley Kornblum
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

TMIC-16. NOX GENERATED REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES PROMOTES GLIOBLASTOMA GROWTH AND SURVIVAL THROUGH INACTIVATION OF PTEN Kirsten Ludwig and Harley Kornblum; University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA PTEN is inactivated in 40% of glioblastoma (GBM), however almost all GBM’s have increased Akt activity, regardless of PTEN status. Treatment with exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) inactivates PTEN through oxidation, suggesting that a similar event may occur in the hypoxic tumor environment. Recent data indicate that low levels of ROS are required for cell maintenance and stem cell renewal while moderate increases may promote tumorigenesis. Much of the endogenous ROS is produced by NADPH oxidase (NOX), amembraneboundcomplexofproteins,activatedunderhypoxic conditions. This raises the possibility that the tumor microenvironment may inactivate PTEN through means other than mutation or deletion. We investigated the role of NOX generated ROS in primary cultures of patient-derived GBM cells across the spectrum of GBM subtypes. Endogenous ROS levels correlated with proliferation; those with higher ROS had higher proliferation rates. Placement of cells in low oxygen levels (1%) enhanced proliferation, an effect that was reversed by treatment with antioxidants and the NOX inhibitor Apocynin, supporting the hypothesis that NOX-induced ROS promotes GBM growth. The effects of hypoxia-induced NOX activation were dependent upon PTEN, as PTEN knockdown or PTEN null cells exhibited no enhanced growthwhenplaced inhypoxicconditions.Furthermore,pharmacologicblockade of AKT prevented enhanced growth in hypoxia. A role for PTEN was further demonstrated by the finding that it was oxidatively inactivated in GBM cells grown under hypoxic conditions. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of NOX rescued radiation-induced activation of Akt resulting in increased radio-sensitivity. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that the relativelyhypoxic tumorenvironment activatesNOX, resulting in functional inactivation of PTEN andenhanced GBMproliferation andsurvival. Thesefindings represent a novel opportunity for therapeutic intervention in a subset of GBM. Neuro-Oncology 17:v221–v225, 2015. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nov236.16 Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology 2015.
A Controlled Study of Antimicrobial Prophylaxis of Recurrent Urinary Infection in Women
Authors: Godfrey K. M. Harding, Allan R. Ronald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Twenty-seven adult women and thirteen girls with recurrent urinary infections were treated to eradicate their infection and then observed for recurrences while sequentially receiving three prophylactic drug regimens and a period with no drug therapy. The prophylactic regimens consisted of sulfamethoxazole, 500 mg daily, methenamine mandelate, 2 g daily, together with ascorbic acid 2 g daily, or trimethoprim, 40 mg, in combination with sulfamethoxazole, 200 mg daily. Children received half the adult doses. Thirty-three infections (3.6 per patient-year) occurred in patients on no drug therapy, 22 (2.5 per patient-year) in those taking sulfamethoxazole, 13 (1.6 per patient-year) in those taking methenamine mandelate and ascorbic acid, and 1 (0.1 per patient-year) in those taking trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole was also the most effective in preventing colonization of the periurethral area with enterobacteriaceae. These results suggest that a daily low dose of trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole is effective in preventing reinfections of the urinary tract in females. (N Engl J Med 291:597–601, 1974)
Peripheral Thymus-Dependent (T) Lymphocytes in Graves's Disease and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Authors: Nadir R. Farid, Robert E. Munro, Vas V. Row, Robert Volpé
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

To evaluate the role of cell-mediated immunity in Graves's disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, we studied the percentage of erythrocyte (nonimmune) and erythrocyte-antibody-complement (immune) rosettes (i.e., thymus-dependent and bursa-equivalent lymphocytes) in the peripheral blood. The mean (± S.D.) percentage of nonimmune rosettes was 63.8 ± 5.8 in 24 control subjects, 93.1 ± 6.2 in 17 patients with untreated Graves's disease, 98.8 ± 8.7 in 16 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and 64.5 ± 6.4 in eight "goiter controls," two of whom were hyperthyroid. Six patients with Graves's disease in remission after antithyroid drug therapy had normal counts of lymphocytes forming nonimmune rosettes. Conversely, in five patients maintained in a euthyroid state on antithyroid drugs, but not in remission, 92.4 ± 3.1 (mean ± S.D.) per cent of lymphocytes were of the type forming nonimmune rosettes.
P67 Bronchiectasis in Severe Uncontrolled Asthma
Authors: K Dimakou, M Toumbis, K Tsikritsaki, K Malagari, A Liapikou, M Kaponi, C Triantafillidou
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> Bronchiectasis can contribute to severe and difficult to control asthma. It is important to recognise bronchiectasis in asthmatics and treat them accordingly. In order to estimate the presence of bronchiectasis in severe asthma, and the relation with the clinical and functional parameters we studied 40 patients with severe uncontrolled asthma, in a stable condition. <h3>Methods</h3> The symptoms, the duration of asthma diagnosis, the number of exacerbations/year, cycles of corticosteroids and antibiotic treatment/year, spirometry, and bronchial colonisation were estimated. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) was performed to evaluate the presence and extent of bronchiectasis. HRCT were studied by an expert thoracic radiologist, according to Smith scale for bronchiectasis (score 0–24), taking a score≥3 as radiologically significant. <h3>Results</h3> Forty patients were studied, 28 women, mean age (±SD) 57.9 years (±12.4), 32 non smokers. Mean ACT score was 14.2(±4.9). The main symptoms were: cough (92%), wheezing (95%), dyspnea (92%), sputum production (72%) of which mucoid (52%), mucopurulent and purulent (48%). Mean duration of asthma diagnosis was 16.5(±11.5) years, exacerbations: 4.4(±2.7)/year, corticosteroid per os cycles/year: 4.4 (±3.1), antibiotic cycles/year: 2.8(±2.2). In 27 patients (67,5%) bronchiectasis was diagnosed: Smith score: 5.2(±4.2). The mean FEV<sub>1</sub> was 72.6% (±21.1) of predicted, FVC 79.1% (±19.4), FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC ratio 67.3 (±9.7). Nine patients (22.5%) were colonised with pathogens, 6 of whom with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Patients with sputum production had a higher Smith score compared to those without expectoration (6.3 ± 4.2 vs 2.3 ± 2.2 respectively Z = 2.8, p = 0.005). In addition, patients with pathogens in sputum cultures had a higher Smith score compared to those with normal flora (10 ± 4.2 vs 3.8 ± 3 respectively, Z = 3.5, p &lt; 0.0001) (Figure 1). No correlation was found between the extent of bronchiectasis and the lung function parameters. The severity of bronchiectasis (Smith score) was correlated to the number of antibiotic cycles/year (p = 0.002, r = 0.48). In addition, a lower ACT score was related with a higher asthma exacerbation rate (r = -0.52, p = 0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The evidence of bronchiectasis on HRCT is common in patients with severe uncontrolled asthma. Sputum production and pathogen isolation in sputum culture may indicate the presence of this comorbidity and the need of antibiotics as an additional treatment.
Association of Asthma with Serum IgE Levels and Skin-Test Reactivity to Allergens
Authors: B Burrows, F D Martinez, M Halonen, R A Barbee, M G Cline
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

We investigated the association of self-reported asthma or allergic rhinitis with serum IgE levels and skin-test reactivity to allergens in 2657 subjects in a general-population study. Regardless of the subjects' status with respect to atopy or their age group, the prevalence of asthma was closely related to the serum IgE level standardized for age and sex (P less than 0.0001), and no asthma was present in the 177 subjects with the lowest IgE levels for their age and sex (greater than 1.46 SD below the mean). The log odds ratio increased linearly with the serum IgE level after we controlled for possible confounders and the degree of reactivity to skin tests. In contrast, allergic rhinitis appeared to be associated primarily with skin-test reactions to common aeroallergens, independently of the serum IgE level. We conclude that asthma is almost always associated with some type of IgE-related reaction and therefore has an allergic basis, although not all the allergic stimuli that cause asthma appear to have been included in the battery of common aeroallergens we used to assess atopic status. These findings challenge the concept that there are basic differences between so-called allergic ("extrinsic") and nonallergic ("intrinsic") forms of asthma.
Endoluminal Vacuum Therapy for Esophageal and Upper Intestinal Anastomotic Leaks
Authors: Steven G. Leeds, James S. Burdick, James W. Fleshman
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Can a rehabilitative strength training program reverse muscle atrophy/weakness associated with androgen ablation therapy in prostate cancer patients?
Authors: C. L. Van Patten, A. W. Sheel, J. M. LaBreche, D. C. McKenzie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

9642 Background: Men treated with hormone therapy for prostate cancer often experience fatigue, muscle loss,bone loss and weight gain, among other side effects. To determine the effects of a rehabilitative strength training program on muscle mass and functional capacity in prostate cancer patients receiving androgen ablation therapy 20 patients were randomly assigned to exercise or control groups. Methods: Upper and lower extremity strength measurements (predicted 1-RM ) were made using an algorithm that considers resistance and the number of repetitions. Muscle and fat mass were measured using DXA and functional capacity and lower extremity power were determined with a Wingate Cycle ergometer test. The baseline pre-test was completed prior to commencing hormone therapy and the post-test following a 12-week supervised strength training exercise program consisting of three 90-minute sessions per week. Results: Eight patients acted as control (age= 71.6 yrs, ht=177 cm, wt=86.3 kg, BMI=27.6) and 10 completed the exercise trial (age= 65.8 years, ht=178 cm, wt=85.5 kg, BMI=27.0). Strength measurements in controls decreased (mean change=−3%) over the 12-week period. Strength increased significantly (p<0.05) with the chest press (15%), seated row (14%) and hamstring curl (22%) in exercisers and nonsignificant increases were observed in lat pull (12%) and leg press (4%). Mean change in all exercises, E=+11%. Lean mass and fat mass did not change significantly (p>0.05). Peak power (PP) and total work (TW) decreased in controls (PP=−11%; TW=−10%) and increased in exercisers (PP=+7%; TW=+9%) (p<0.05). Conclusions: This pilot data suggests that a 12-week supervised strength training program helps prostate cancer patients maintain or increase muscle strength and functional capacity while undergoing androgen ablation therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Genomic Comparison Of Clonal B-Cells In Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (WM) Versus IgM MGUS
Authors: Bruno Paiva, Luis A Corchete, Norma Gutierrez, María-Belén Vidriales, Irene Aires-Mejia, Maria Luz Sanchez, Paloma Barcena, Cristina Jimenez, Ramon Garcia-Sanz, Enrique M. Ocio, Fernando Escalante, Jose Hernandez, Rebeca Cuello, Alfonso Garcia de Coca, Magdalena Sierra, Maria-Carmen Montes, Tomas Jose Gonzalez-Lopez, Josefina Galende, Abelardo Bárez, Jose M Alonso, Emilia Pardal, Alberto Orfao, Maria-Victoria Mateos, Jesus F San Miguel
Journal: Blood (2013)
Modulated Cyclophosphamide-Based In Vivo T-Cell Depletion Promotes Engraftment With Minimal Gvhd and Low Toxicity In Fanconi Anemia Patients
Authors: Monica S Thakar, Mark C. Walters, Brenda M. Sandmaier, Rainer Storb, Mary E. D. Flowers, H. Joachim Deeg, Paul O'Donnell, Ann E. Woolfrey, Hans-Peter Kiem
Journal: Blood (2013)
Cardiac Troponin T Levels for Risk Stratification in Acute Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: E. Magnus Ohman, Paul W. Armstrong, Robert H. Christenson, Christopher B. Granger, Hugo A. Katus, Christian W. Hamm, Mary Ann O'Hanesian, Galen S. Wagner, Neal S. Kleiman, Frank E. Harrell, Robert M. Califf, Eric J. Topol, Kerry L. Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

The prognosis of patients hospitalized with acute myocardial ischemia is quite variable. We examined the value of serum levels of cardiac troponin T, serum creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) levels, and electrocardiographic abnormalities for risk stratification in patients with acute myocardial ischemia.
Effect of Pituitrin in Reducing Portal Pressure in the Human Being
Authors: William D. Davis, Richard Gorlin, Stanley Reichman, John P. Storaasli
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE observation that Pituitrin has a depressor effect on portal-vein pressure in the laboratory animal is not new and has been verified by a number of workers.1 Repetition of these studies in experimental preparations using intrasplenic-pulp pressure as a mirror of portal pressure2 has confirmed the depressor effect of Pituitrin on portal venous pressure both in the normotensive and in the portal-hypertensive animal. Application of the intrasplenic method3 , 4 and development of a new technic5 , 6 for instantaneous estimation of portal blood flow have enabled us to extend these studies to human subjects. Details of these technics are reported elsewhere, but the . . .
An Abnormality of the Alternate Pathway of Complement Activation in Sickle-Cell Disease
Authors: Richard B. Johnston, Simon L. Newman, Alan G. Struth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Enhancement of phagocytosis by serum from patients with sickle-cell disease was studied in an attempt to define further the opsonin deficiency present in the disorder and its role in the increased susceptibility of these patients to infection. Serums from 28 patients promoted phagocytosis of pneumococci normally if the bacteria had previously been sensitized with an excess of antibody, but a deficiency emerged when the amount of antibody added to the system was decreased. The abnormality could not be attributed to a deficiency of antibody or complement components. However, under conditions that prevented activation of C1 and the classic complement sequence, the serums did not fully activate and fix the essential opsonin C3 to the micro-organism by the alternate pathway. When specific antibody is deficient, such patients may be unable to phagocytize invading pneumococci normally because of an inability to utilize fully the alternate pathway as a mediator of natural immunity. (N Engl J Med 288:803–808, 1973)
P89 Does the Department of Health’s paediatric community assessment tool predict severe bronchiolitis in infants on admission?
Authors: L Shorthouse, MG Semple
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the ability of the paediatric community assessment tool (CAT) to predict severe bronchiolitis in infants on admission. <h3>Setting</h3> Alder Hey NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom. The largest and busiest children’s hospital in Europe and a lead referral centre for intensive care. <h3>Design</h3> Retrospective case note review of the endemic bronchiolitis season- October 2013 to March 2014. CAT criterion data inferred from clinical findings and patient outcomes were single handedly extracted using the first accident and emergency assessment. <h3>Participants</h3> 106 infants ≤6 months (63 male, 43 female) from the local area (L1 - L38 postcodes) admitted with bronchiolitis. <h3>Covariates</h3> Paediatric CAT criteria: A ‘Severe respiratory distress’; B ‘Increased respiratory rate’; C ‘Peripheral oxygen saturation ≤ 92% (SpO<sub>2</sub>) on breathing air and using supplemental oxygen’; D ‘Respiratory exhaustion’; E ‘Severe clinical dehydration or shock’; F ‘Altered conscious level’; and G ‘ Other clinical concern’. <h3>Outcomes</h3> Oxygen; suction; intravenous fluids; intravenous antibiotics; nasogastric feeding, stay (≥ 48 h or ≥ 5 days); mechanical ventilation; and transfer to high dependency and/or intensive care. No mortality outcomes reported. <h3>Results and discussion</h3> Based on multivariable analyses, each paediatric criterion (A-G) was relevant predicting a given outcome. Of note, criterion D ‘Respiratory exhaustion’ was the only criterion to independently predict the sickest infants requiring mechanical ventilation and transfer to high dependency and/or intensive care. This is a significant finding not obtained in previous work. Criterion G ‘Other clinical concern’ predicted the most outcomes supporting the importance of this subjective criterion. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study marks the first attempt to provide health professionals with a CAT evaluation specific to bronchiolitis. A strong relationship existed between the CAT and outcomes suggesting use of the tool could potentially help identify those severely ill infants who should be prioritised for assessment and may benefit from urgent care.
Prediction of Clinical Coronary Heart Disease by a Test for the Coronary-Prone Behavior Pattern
Authors: C. David Jenkins, Ray H. Rosenman, Stephen J. Zyzanski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Prospective study of 2750 employed men who completed a computer-scored test questionnaire measuring the coronary-prone Type A behavior pattern showed that high scorers had twice the incidence of new coronary heart disease as low scorers over a four-year period. Subjects with different initial clinical manifestations of coronary disease did not differ from one another in their Type A test scores. The double-blind design of these studies and the orderly relation of Type A scores to coronary-disease risk suggest that the coronary-prone behavior pattern is prospectively linked to the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease. The findings also indicate that the test questionnaire used is a valid means of measuring some of the ways in which behavior contributes to coronary risk. (N Engl J Med 290:1271–1275, 1974)
P-147 Outcome of second-line chemotherapy (CT2) after first-line CT (CT1) with platinum plus gemcitabine in advanced biliary tract cancer (aBTC): is it worthwhile?
Authors: L. Fornaro, C. Vivaldi, G. Brandi, S. Cereda, G. Aprile, D. Santini, N. Silvestris, S. Lonardi, F. Leone, M. Milella, C. Caparello, G. Musettini, G. Pasquini, E. Vasile
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Incident Cardiac Events
Authors: Irfan Zeb, Dong Li, Matthew J. Budoff, Ronit Katz, Donald Lloyd-Jones, Arthur Agatston, Roger S. Blumenthal, Michael J. Blaha, Ron Blankstein, Jeffrey Carr, Khurram Nasir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)