tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Azithromycin for the Secondary Prevention of Coronary Events
Authors: J. Thomas Grayston, Richard A. Kronmal, Lisa A. Jackson, Alfred F. Parisi, Joseph B. Muhlestein, Jerome D. Cohen, William J. Rogers, John R. Crouse, Sandra L. Borrowdale, Eleanor Schron, Charles Knirsch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Epidemiologic, laboratory, animal, and clinical studies suggest that there is an association between Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and atherogenesis. We evaluated the efficacy of one year of azithromycin treatment for the secondary prevention of coronary events.In this randomized, prospective trial, we assigned 4012 patients with documented stable coronary artery disease to receive either 600 mg of azithromycin or placebo weekly for one year. The participants were followed for a mean of 3.9 years at 28 clinical centers throughout the United States.The primary end point, a composite of death due to coronary heart disease, nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina, occurred in 446 of the participants who had been randomly assigned to receive azithromycin and 449 of those who had been randomly assigned to receive placebo. There was no significant risk reduction in the azithromycin group as compared with the placebo group with regard to the primary end point (risk reduction, 1 percent [95 percent confidence interval, -13 to 13 percent]). There were also no significant risk reductions with regard to any of the components of the primary end point, death from any cause, or stroke. The results did not differ when the participants were stratified according to sex, age, smoking status, presence or absence of diabetes mellitus, or C. pneumoniae serologic status at baseline.A one-year course of weekly azithromycin did not alter the risk of cardiac events among patients with stable coronary artery disease.
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted therapy in advanced metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (AMSCC) of the penis: Updates and molecular analyses.
Authors: B. C. Carthon, C. A. Pettaway, L. C. Pagliaro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e15022 Background: AMSCC of the penis is a rare but fatal disease. Combination chemotherapy is effective; but responses are brief in duration with few long term survivors. Targeted therapy directed at EGFR has met with success in head and neck squamous cancer. We report a retrospective analysis of patients with AMSCC of the penis patients treated with EGFR targeted therapy at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients with AMSCC treated at M. D. Anderson between 2004 and 2006 was performed, and 13 patients were identified who had undergone EGFR expression analysis by immunohistochemistry. The objectives of this study were to determine levels of EGFR expression, additional molecular characteristics, time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS). Results: All of the patient tumors (13/13) expressed EGFR with seventy-seven percent exhibiting either “strongly positive” or 3 + levels of expression. The patients received EGFR-targeted therapies including erlotinib (one patient), cetuximab (three patients), or cetuximab combined with platinum based regimens (nine patients). The patients showed a median TTP of 3.2 months (Range 0.37-40.73+ months) and a median OS of 9.8 months (Range 0.5-48.3+ months). The subset of patients receiving EFGR based therapy as first or second line treatment (9/13 patients) showed a median TTP of 3.57 months (Range 1.90-40.73+ months) and median OS of 11.87 months (Range 2.87-48.03+ months). EGFR targeted therapies were well tolerated with grade 1 acne as the most common toxicity. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events included cellulitis, thrombocytopenia, and tumor hemorrhage (one patient each). Additional molecular analyses are ongoing. Conclusions: AMSCC of the penis ubiquitously expressed EGFR. 4/13 patients (31%) treated with EGFR directed therapy survived between 13-48+ months, comparing favorably with the survival previously reported in trials of conventional chemotherapy. Given the results from our retrospective review, we conclude that further studies of EGFR targeted therapies in AMSCC are warranted. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Birt-Hogg-Dubé SyndromeReply
Authors: Sarah J. Felton, Vishal Madan
Journal: JAMA (2013)

We agree with Drs Perdeaux and Solly that renal tract visualization is the most important work-up in cases of Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome. In our article, we advocated for ultrasound scanning as an acceptable first-line modality for screening purposes, but declared that, if in doubt or when available, MRI can be used. This has the advantage of superior visualization to identify early or small lesions (without any potential radiation risks that come from computed tomography), especially if the patient is to receive repeated scans.
β- and γ-Human Papillomavirus Types and Smoking in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Silvia Franceschi
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Granulometric Analysis of Spots in DNA Microarray Images
Authors: Behara Latha, Balasubramanian Venkatesh
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2004)

As the topological properties of each spot in DNA microarray images may vary from one another, we employed granulometries to understand the shape-size content contributed due to a significant intensity value within a spot. Analysis was performed on the microarray image that consisted of 240 spots by using concepts from mathematical morphology. In order to find out indices for each spot and to further classify them, we adopted morphological multiscale openings, which provided microarrays at multiple scales. Successive opened microarrays were subtracted to identify the protrusions that were smaller than the size of structuring element. Spot-wise details, in terms of probability of these observed protrusions, were computed by placing a regularly spaced grid on microarray such that each spot was centered in each grid. Based on the probability of size distribution functions of these protrusions isolated at each level, we estimated the mean size and texture index for each spot. With these characteristics, we classified the spots in a microarray image into bright and dull categories through pattern spectrum and shape-size complexity measures. These segregated spots can be compared with those of hybridization levels.
Secukinumab improves patient-reported outcomes in subjects with active psoriatic arthritis: results from a randomised phase III trial (FUTURE 1)
Authors: Vibeke Strand, Philip Mease, Laure Gossec, Ori Elkayam, Filip van den Bosch, James Zuazo, Luminita Pricop, Shephard Mpofu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

Objective To evaluate the effect of secukinumab on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in subjects with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in the FUTURE 1 study. Methods Subjects were randomised 1:1:1 to receive intravenous (i.v.) secukinumab 10 mg/kg at weeks 0, 2 and 4 followed by subcutaneous secukinumab 150 or 75 mg every 4 weeks or matching placebo until week 24. Results At week 24, subjects receiving secukinumab i.v.→150 mg or i.v.→75 mg reported greater least squares mean changes from baseline than those receiving placebo in patient global assessment of disease activity (−20.6 and −20.0 vs −7.4, respectively), patient assessment of pain (−20.8 and −20.4 vs −6.7), psoriatic arthritis quality of life (−3.5 and −3.2 vs −0.4), Dermatology Life Quality Index (−8.8 and −7.9 vs 0.7); p&lt;0.0001 vs placebo for both secukinumab groups for above PROs and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (6.74 (p&lt;0.05 vs placebo) and 6.03 vs 4.00); all of which well exceeded minimum clinically important differences. Conclusions In subjects with PsA, secukinumab treatment resulted in clinically meaningful improvements in global disease activity, pain, generic and disease-specific measures of health-related quality of life and fatigue. Trial registration number NCT01392326; Results.
Effect of Using the Same vs Different Order for Second Readings of Screening Mammograms on Rates of Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Sian Taylor-Phillips, Matthew G. Wallis, David Jenkinson, Victor Adekanmbi, Helen Parsons, Janet Dunn, Nigel Stallard, Ala Szczepura, Simon Gates, Olive Kearins, Alison Duncan, Sue Hudson, Aileen Clarke
Journal: JAMA (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Interpreting screening mammograms is a difficult repetitive task that can result in missed cancers and false-positive recalls. In the United Kingdom, 2 film readers independently evaluate each mammogram to search for signs of cancer and examine digital mammograms in batches. However, a vigilance decrement (reduced detection rate with time on task) has been observed in similar settings. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine the effect of changing the order for the second film reader of batches of screening mammograms on rates of breast cancer detection. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A multicenter, double-blind, cluster randomized clinical trial conducted at 46 specialized breast screening centers from the National Health Service Breast Screening Program in England for 1 year (all between December 20, 2012, and November 3, 2014). Three hundred sixty readers participated (mean, 7.8 readers per center)—186 radiologists, 143 radiography advanced practitioners, and 31 breast clinicians, all fully qualified to report mammograms in the NHS breast screening program. <h3>Interventions</h3> The 2 readers examined each batch of digital mammograms in the same order in the control group and in the opposite order to one another in the intervention group. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome was cancer detection rate; secondary outcomes were rates of recall and disagreements between readers. <h3>Results</h3> Among 1 194 147 women (mean age, 59.3; SD, 7.49) who had screening mammograms (596 642 in the intervention group; 597 505 in the control group), the images were interpreted in 37 688 batches (median batch size, 35; interquartile range [IQR]; 16-46), with each reader interpreting a median of 176 batches (IQR, 96-278). After completion of all subsequent diagnostic tests, a total of 10 484 cases (0.88%) of breast cancer were detected. There was no significant difference in cancer detection rate with 5272 cancers (0.88%) detected in the intervention group vs 5212 cancers (0.87%) detected in the control group (difference, 0.01% points; 95% CI, −0.02% to 0.04% points; recall rate, 24 681 [4.14%] vs 24 894 [4.17%]; difference, −0.03% points; 95% CI, −0.10% to 0.04% points; or rate of reader disagreements, 20 471 [3.43%] vs 20 793 [3.48%]; difference, −0.05% points; 95% CI, −0.11% to 0.02% points). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Interpretation of batches of mammograms by qualified screening mammography readers using a different order vs the same order for the second reading resulted in no significant difference in rates of detection of breast cancer. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> isrctn.org Identifier:ISRCTN46603370
Toca 511 plus 5-fluorocytosine in combination with lomustine shows chemotoxic and immunotherapeutic activity with no additive toxicity in rodent glioblastoma models
Authors: Kader Yagiz, Tiffany T. Huang, Fernando Lopez Espinoza, Daniel Mendoza, Carlos E. Ibañez, Harry E. Gruber, Douglas J. Jolly, Joan M. Robbins
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

Toca 511, a gamma retroviral replicating vector encoding cytosine deaminase, used in combination with 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) kills tumor by local production of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), inducing local and systemic immunotherapeutic response resulting in long-term survival after cessation of 5-FC. Toca 511 and Toca FC (oral extended-release 5-FC) are under investigation in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma. Lomustine is a treatment option for patients with high-grade glioma.We investigated the effects of lomustine combined with Toca 511 + 5-FC in syngeneic orthotopic glioma models. Safety and survival were evaluated in immune-competent rat F98 and mouse Tu-2449 models comparing Toca 511 + 5-FC to lomustine + 5-FC or the combination of Toca 511 + 5-FC + lomustine. After intracranial implantation of tumor, Toca 511 was delivered transcranially followed by cycles of intraperitoneal 5-FC with or without lomustine at the first or fourth cycle.Coadministration of 5-FC with lomustine was well tolerated. In F98, combination Toca 511 + 5-FC and lomustine increased median survival, but "cures" were not achieved. In Tu-2449, combination Toca 511 + 5-FC and lomustine increased median survival and resulted in high numbers of cure. Rejection of tumor rechallenge occurred after treatment with Toca 511 + 5-FC or combined with lomustine, but not with lomustine + 5-FC. Mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell reactions using splenocytes from cured animals showed robust killing of target cells in an effector:target ratio-dependent manner with Toca 511 + 5-FC and Toca 511 + 5-FC + lomustine day 10.The combination of Toca 511 + 5-FC and lomustine shows promising efficacy with no additive toxicity in murine glioma models. Immunotherapeutic responses resulting in long-term survival were preserved despite lomustine-related myelosuppression.
Update to Rociletinib Data with the RECIST Confirmed Response Rate
Authors: Lecia V Sequist, Jean-Charles Soria, D Ross Camidge
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

To the Editor: In our Journal article that was published on April 30, 2015,1 we described the activity of rociletinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor with specificity for the T790M mutation, in patients with EGFR mutation–positive lung cancer in the phase 1 TIGER-X trial. The key finding was a response rate of 59% (95% confidence interval [CI], 45 to 73) among 46 patients with biopsy-proven T790M-mediated resistance to previously administered EGFR inhibitors. In November 2015, Clovis Oncology issued a press release that contained updated data from a pooled cohort of patients from TIGER-X and TIGER-2 (another phase 2 . . .
Human rhinoviruses enter and induce proliferation of B lymphocytes
Authors: A. Aab, O. Wirz, W. van de Veen, S. Söllner, B. Stanic, B. Rückert, J. Aniscenko, M. R. Edwards, S. L. Johnston, N. G. Papadopoulos, A. Rebane, C. A. Akdis, M. Akdis
Journal: Allergy (2016)

Background Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are one of the main causes of virus-induced asthma exacerbations. Infiltration of B lymphocytes into the subepithelial tissue of the lungs has been demonstrated during rhinovirus infection in allergic individuals. However, the mechanisms through which HRVs modulate the immune responses of monocytes and lymphocytes are not yet well described. Objective To study the dynamics of virus uptake by monocytes and lymphocytes, and the ability of HRVs to induce the activation of in vitro-cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Methods Flow cytometry was used for the enumeration and characterization of lymphocytes. Proliferation was estimated using 3H-thymidine or CFSE labeling and ICAM-1 blocking. We used bead-based multiplex assays and quantitative PCR for cytokine quantification. HRV accumulation and replication inside the B lymphocytes was detected by a combination of in situ hybridization (ISH), immunofluorescence, and PCR for positive-strand and negative-strand viral RNA. Cell images were acquired with imaging flow cytometry. Results By means of imaging flow cytometry, we demonstrate a strong and quick binding of HRV types 16 and 1B to monocytes, and slower interaction of these HRVs with CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD19+ B cells. Importantly, we show that HRVs induce the proliferation of B cells, while the addition of anti-ICAM-1 antibody partially reduces this proliferation for HRV16. We prove with ISH that HRVs can enter B cells, form their viral replication centers, and the newly formed virions are able to infect HeLa cells. In addition, we demonstrate that similar to epithelial cells, HRVs induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in PBMCs. Conclusion Our results demonstrate for the first time that HRVs enter and form viral replication centers in B lymphocytes and induce the proliferation of B cells. Newly formed virions have the capacity to infect other cells (HeLa). These findings indicate that the regulation of human rhinovirus-induced B-cell responses could be a novel approach to develop therapeutics to treat the virus-induced exacerbation of asthma.
Study on sentinel lymphatic channels by using methylene blue in breast cancer patients
Authors: S. Wang, X. Liu, P. Fan, Q. Geng
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

880 Background: Transfer is one of the most important biology characteristics of breast cancer. Lymph nodes are frequently transferred by breast cancer cells. Now sentinel lymph node (SLN) becomes one of the hot points in breast cancer. Continuous slice method was used to detect micrometastases in the lymph nodes(including SLN). In this study, methylene blue staining was used to detect sentinel lymph node and sentinel lymphatic channels in breast cancer patients to confirm the definition of SLN, explore the rule of axillary lymphatic metastasis in breast cancer patients and the presentation of “skip metastasis” mode. Methods: Fifty-two breast cancer patients who accepted modified radical mastectomy were marked with exit angle (θe) preoperatively and were injected into the inner edge of the areola with 3 ml of methylene blue (MB) after general anesthesia. Then dissect SLCs connecting the areola to SLN carefully on the specimen to define their direction, route, number and the relation to SLN. Results: In 49 of 52 cases (94.23%) the SLCs exited the areola and terminate in axilla with θe = 31 to 90 degrees, and in 36 of 52 cases (69.23%) withθe = 61 to 90 degrees. One SLN was identified in 92.31% of case (n =48), and two SLNs were identified in 7.69% of case (n =4). Two SLCs could connect to one SLN separately;or one SLC was divided into several branches before or after entering axilla, which ultimately connected to one SLN; or one SLC was divided into two branches before entering axilla, which connected to one SLN separately and these two SLNs could be located in different parts of axilla. The pathology analysis of SLN which was identified according to SLCs demonstrated no false negative or false positive findings. Conclusions: The axillary SLN is defined as the first lymph node which encounters the tumor cells firstly in local lymphatic drainage, and there may be one or more SLNs which belong to different lymph node groups. So far, no evidence shows that the mechanism of axillary lymph nodes metastasis is “skip metastasis”. The presentation of SLNB’s false negative results seems to be associated with technique level, which caused by the incomplete recognition of the route and quantity of SLCs and SLN. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
520P Retrospective analysis of cardiovascular diseases in chemotherapies for advanced solid tumor patients in a single institution
Authors: T. Shirakawa, M. Nakano, K. Nio, S. Tamura, H. Kumagai, M. Komoda, K. Uchino, S. Arita, H. Ariyama, Y. Shibata, H. Kusaba, K. Akashi, E. Baba
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
We Can’t All Have It All: The Economic Limits of Pharmaceutical Innovation
Authors: Austin B. Frakt
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Sen Susan Collins (R, Me) praised a new proposed rule by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) that would increase the number of patients with opioid use disorders qualified physicians can treat with buprenorphine, a μ-opioid receptor partial agonist approved for clinical use by the Food and Drug Administration in 2002 (http://1.usa.gov/1XZUhq2).

Qualified physicians are those who have received a waiver from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and the Drug Enforcement Agency to prescribe buprenorphine. In addition, they must possess subspecialty board certification in addiction medicine or addiction psychiatry or work in a qualified practice setting.
Somatostatin regulates brain amyloid β peptide Aβ42 through modulation of proteolytic degradation
Authors: Takashi Saito, Nobuhisa Iwata, Satoshi Tsubuki, Yoshie Takaki, Jiro Takano, Shu-Ming Huang, Takahiro Suemoto, Makoto Higuchi, Takaomi C Saido
Journal: Nature Medicine (2005)
Identification of Human Thymus-Leukemia-Associated Antigen as a Low-Molecular-Weight Form of Adenosine Deaminase&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: B E Chechik, W P Schrader, P E Daddona
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

In the determination of whether human thymus-leukemia-associated antigen (HThy-L) is a low-molecular-weight form of adenosine deaminase (ADA), both HThy-L and ADA were found to have the same molecular weight of 45,000 as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The antigen and enzyme displayed a phenomenon of complete Identity in immunodiffusion and a high degree of cross-reaction in a competitive radioimmunoassay for HThy-L or ADA. When tested for adenosine-deaminating activity, HThy-L was nearly as active as purified low-molecular-weight ADA from erythrocytes. However, HThy-L and ADA differed in their capacity to combine with the complexing protein isolated from human kidney. Apparently, HThy-L represents a thymic isoenzyme of ADA and is the first antigen to be associated with differentiation of hematopoietic cells for which a functional activity is established.
Evaluation of pharyngo‐oesophageal involvement in pemphigus vulgaris and its correlation with disease activity
Authors: A. Okamura, R. Nakamura, J. Yamagami, K. Ishii, H. Kawakubo, T. Omori, H. Takeuchi, M. Amagai, Y. Kitagawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)
Experimental studies of susceptibility of Italian Aedes albopictus to Zika virus
Authors: Marco Di Luca, Francesco Severini, Luciano Toma, Daniela Boccolini, Roberto Romi, Maria Elena Remoli, Michela Sabbatucci, Caterina Rizzo, Giulietta Venturi, Giovanni Rezza, Claudia Fortuna
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2016)

We report a study on vector competence of an Italian population of Aedes albopictus for Zika virus (ZIKV). Ae. albopictus was susceptible to ZIKV infection (infection rate: 10%), and the virus could disseminate and was secreted in the mosquito's saliva (dissemination rate: 29%; transmission rate: 29%) after an extrinsic incubation period of 11 days. The observed vector competence was lower than that of an Ae. aegypti colony tested in parallel.