tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Curability of Lateral Curvature of the Spine
Authors: W. Adams
Journal: BMJ (1868)

TH BRITrSH MEDCAL YOURNAL 305 view, I incline to the doctrine that this salt is a valuable therapeutic auxiliary to other measures when we have to contend with certain forms of bronchial distress.I am sure of its capability to do good service in the proper asthenic bronchitis of old people.I claim for it no higher virtue, because I know our proneness to call any drug a :pvific which we know particularly well how to work with.I would beg special attention to the absolute mortality of the smallest quantity of opium, and to the still more destructive effects of morphia.If a patient be teased by residual catarrhal sputa, a short mercurial course will clear it away; and after that (or even at the same time) an iron tonic will help to restore the general health.Great care must be taken at all seasons of the year that the skin is properly protected.To recapitulate: I would specify the following points as deserving notice in the clinical history and management of Acute Capillary Bron- chitis:x.The extraordinary pulse and breath-ratio, and the intense dyspna.2. The pathological origin and character of the sputum.3. Thequasi-cyanosis ofthe skin, togetherwith the so-called "collapse."4. The occasional indistinctness of the diagnosis from acute tubercle.S. The necessity of a supporting and alcoholic treatment.
The effect of divorce on fathers: an overview of the literature
Authors: J W Jacobs
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

Divorce is becoming a major mental health problem in the United States. With rare exception psychological attention has usually focused on the effect of divorce on children and mothers. The author suggests that as some fathers become more involved in family nurturing they will be more intensely affected by marital disruption, particularly as it involves changes in the relationship to their children. A review of the recent psychological literature on divorce and custody is presented as a framework for understanding the divorcing father who is requesting psychiatric help.
P1202 : Definition and comparative analysis of the T cell receptor repertoire in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: E. Liaskou, E.K. Klemsdal Henriksen, K. Holm, D. Hamm, J. Fear, M.K. Viken, J. Roksund Hov, E. Melum, H. Robins, J. Olweus, T.H. Karlsen, G.M. Hirschfield
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Cardiac Troponins in Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Frans Van de Werf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Acute coronary syndromes have a common pathophysiologic mechanism. A coronary atherosclerotic plaque ruptures and a mural or occlusive thrombus forms, impairing or interrupting the perfusion of myocardial tissue.1 Consequently, the clinical spectrum in patients arriving at the hospital with ischemic chest pain at rest ranges from unstable angina, due to the partial occlusion of a coronary vessel, to acute myocardial infarction, due to complete occlusion. In the absence of specific electrocardiographic changes, such as the development of new Q waves, only serial measurements of serum levels of cardiac enzymes, usually creatine kinase and its myocardial MB isoenzyme, can differentiate unstable . . .
Some Biomythology
Authors: Lewis Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

THE mythical animals catalogued in the bestiaries of the world seem, at a casual glance, nothing but exotic nonsense. The thought comes that Western civilized, scientific, technologic society is a standing proof of human progress, in having risen above such imaginings. They are as obsolete as the old anecdotes in which they played their puzzling, ambiguous roles, and we have no more need for the beasts than for the stories. The Griffon, Phoenix, Centaur, Sphinx, Manticore, Ganesha, Ch'i-lin and all the rest are like recurrent bad dreams, and we are well rid of them. So we say.The trouble is . . .
Abstract P1-11-02: Psychological morbidity in breast cancer survivors: Prevalence rates and determinants
Authors: M Hubalek, M Sztankay, A Oberguggenberger, V Meraner, D Egle, B Mangweth-Matzek, B Beer, N Huber, B Sperner-Unterweger
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: The number of breast cancer survivors (BCS) is steadily increasing due to improved treatment options, early detection and younger age at diagnosis. Thus, it is increasingly important to determine and better understand the psychological outcome following a cancer diagnosis and treatment in long-term. This might contribute to meeting the long-term health care demands of cancer survivors. We aimed at investigating levels and determinants of anxiety and depression (AD) in BCS. Patients and Methods: We included BCS with a non-metastatic disease in the stage of after-care. AD was determined as part of a cross-sectional, comprehensive patient reported outcome (PRO) assessment (incl. Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-G/+B/+ES, Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire, Sexual Activity Questionnaire and Body Image Scale) using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Prevalence rates of AD and sample characteristics are presented descriptively using percentages, means and standard deviations. Predictors of anxiety and depression are identified by means of regression analysis. Results: A final sample of 743 breast cancer survivors who were on average 2.9 years post diagnosis (range: 0.1-11.3 years) participated in the study. Mean patient age was 56.4a (SD 11.5a), 2/3 of patients were postmenopausal. 22.5% of patients reported clinically relevant levels of anxiety and 11.2% of depression. Older age (β=0.012, t=2.53, p&amp;lt;0.05), higher endocrine symptoms (β=-0.037, t=-8.89, p&amp;lt;0.01) and reduced functional well-being (β=-0.034, t=-7.73, p&amp;lt;0.01) were predictive for anxiety and depression in the regression model. The model explained 39.3% of the variance of anxiety and depression. Conclusion: A distinct proportion of BCS report clinically relevant, long-term psychological morbidity. Especially older BCS, experiencing higher levels of endocrine symptoms and reduced functional well-being, seem to be at risk for psychological morbidity. A routine PRO-screening for psychological morbidity including the assessment of associated risk factors in this patient population might contribute to the identification of those women in need for psychological/ psychiatric treatment and in conjunction, improve cancer care. Citation Format: Hubalek M, Sztankay M, Oberguggenberger A, Meraner V, Egle D, Mangweth-Matzek B, Beer B, Huber N, Sperner-Unterweger B. Psychological morbidity in breast cancer survivors: Prevalence rates and determinants. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-11-02.
Prescribing sodium oxybate for narcolepsy: end the postcode lottery and apply some common sense
Authors: John S Watts
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Zeman and Zaiwalla’s call to end the irrational and inconsistent rationing of sodium oxybate for the treatment of narcolepsy should be welcomed.1

Of note, a recent case in the High Court, reported in the Telegraph , quoted the judge as describing the decision by …
Abstract P6-12-07: The benefit of preoperative chemotherapy in an underinsured Hispanic population with poor use of screening mammography
Authors: IK Komenaka, B Djenic, J Walters, C-H Hsu, JN Nodora, ME Martinez, M Bouton, D Mehta
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: Despite prospective clinical trials demonstrating the safety and effectiveness of preoperative chemotherapy for nearly 2 decades, it may still be underutilized in underserved, uninsured populations most likely to present with advanced cancers. The current study was performed to evaluate the effect of preoperative chemotherapy (PC) in a Hispanic safety net population. Methods: A retrospective review of Hispanic breast cancer patients who presented at clinical stage 2 or higher and were treated from July 2001 to February May 2015 at a safety net hospital. Sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment variables were evaluated. Surgical outcomes were evaluated. Margin status was determined for those who underwent breast conservation. Results: The average age of the 266 patients was 45 years. 93% of the patients were insured with Medicaid or uninsured (70%). Only 24% of patients underwent screening mammography. 133 underwent PC and 133 had primary operations. Patients who underwent PC presented with larger cancers (5cm vs 3.5cm, p &amp;lt; 0.001). 96% of patients in PC group were not candidates for lumpectomy at presentation. However, lumpectomy was performed more often in those who underwent PC (75% vs. 57%, p = 0.01). Re-excision for margins were necessary less often in those who underwent PC (10.3% vs 27%, p = 0.01). Patients who underwent PC were also less likely to require an ALND (33% vs 47%, p = 0.04). Despite presentation at higher average clinical stage in patients who underwent PC, at average follow up of 52 months, risk of IBTR and risk of regional recurrence were similar in the PC and no-PC groups (IBTR: 4.4% vs 3%, p = 0.99 and Regional: 1.5% vs. 1.5%, p = 0.99). Breast cancer specific survival was 86.5% in the PC group compared to 84% in the no-PC group (p = 0.68). Patients in the no-PC group were less likely to comply with recommended chemotherapy.Conclusions: In this underinsured, Hispanic population who did not use screening mammography, preoperative chemotherapy allowed many women to undergo breast conservation, undergo fewer operations, and were less likely to require ALND. Risk of local and regional recurrence is low in these patients and comparable to those who underwent primary operation. Citation Format: Komenaka IK, Djenic B, Walters J, Hsu C-H, Nodora JN, Martinez ME, Bouton M, Mehta D. The benefit of preoperative chemotherapy in an underinsured Hispanic population with poor use of screening mammography. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-12-07.
A transcriptome-based global map of signaling pathways in the ovarian cancer microenvironment associated with clinical outcome
Authors: Silke Reinartz, Florian Finkernagel, Till Adhikary, Verena Rohnalter, Tim Schumann, Yvonne Schober, W. Andreas Nockher, Andrea Nist, Thorsten Stiewe, Julia M. Jansen, Uwe Wagner, Sabine Müller-Brüsselbach, Rolf Müller
Journal: Genome biology (2016)

Soluble protein and lipid mediators play essential roles in the tumor environment, but their cellular origins, targets, and clinical relevance are only partially known. We have addressed this question for the most abundant cell types in human ovarian carcinoma ascites, namely tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages. Transcriptome-derived datasets were adjusted for errors caused by contaminating cell types by an algorithm using expression data derived from pure cell types as references. These data were utilized to construct a network of autocrine and paracrine signaling pathways comprising 358 common and 58 patient-specific signaling mediators and their receptors. RNA sequencing based predictions were confirmed for several proteins and lipid mediators. Published expression microarray results for 1018 patients were used to establish clinical correlations for a number of components with distinct cellular origins and target cells. Clear associations with early relapse were found for STAT3-inducing cytokines, specific components of WNT and fibroblast growth factor signaling, ephrin and semaphorin axon guidance molecules, and TGFβ/BMP-triggered pathways. An association with early relapse was also observed for secretory macrophage-derived phospholipase PLA2G7, its product arachidonic acid (AA) and signaling pathways controlled by the AA metabolites PGE2, PGI2, and LTB4. By contrast, the genes encoding norrin and its receptor frizzled 4, both selectively expressed by cancer cells and previously not linked to tumor suppression, show a striking association with a favorable clinical course. We have established a signaling network operating in the ovarian cancer microenvironment with previously unidentified pathways and have defined clinically relevant components within this network.
Controlling inpatient psychiatric utilization through managed care
Authors: T M Wickizer, D Lessler, K M Travis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

There is little current understanding of how managed care strategies affect hospital inpatient psychiatric care for mentally ill patients. This study examined one prominent form of managed care, utilization management, which reviews requests for psychiatric care and authorizes provision of care deemed appropriate and clinically necessary.The authors analyzed data on 2,265 utilization management reviews conducted during 1989-1992 for patients insured by a single large commercial insurance company. Three utilization management procedures were examined: preadmission review, continued-stay review, and case management. The performance indicators analyzed included percent of admission requests granted, number of days requested and approved, and number of treatment extensions granted.Utilization management initially approved inpatient psychiatric treatment for nearly all (98.8%) of the patients but authorized, on average, only one-third of the days requested (6.9 versus 19.0). On average, 23.5 (total) days of care were requested and 16.8 days were approved. Care for patients with alcohol or drug dependence diagnoses was more restricted than was care for other patients.These data suggest that managed care does restrict inpatient psychiatric care, primarily by managing length of stay. The fact that almost all patients were approved for the same initial length of stay implies adherence to strict treatment protocols that do not distinguish among different clinical or patient factors. There is a need for careful study of the effects of managed care on outcomes and quality of psychiatric care.
Myocardial Characterization Using Dual-Energy CT in Doxorubicin-Induced DCM
Authors: Yoo Jin Hong, Tai Kyung Kim, Donghyun Hong, Chul Hwan Park, Sae Jong Yoo, Mary Ellen Wickum, Jin Hur, Hye-Jeong Lee, Young Jin Kim, Young Joo Suh, Andreas Greiser, Mun Young Paek, Byoung Wook Choi
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2016)
Coordinated Control of ENaC and Na+,K+-ATPase in Renal Collecting Duct
Authors: Eric Feraille, Eva Dizin
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2016)

Tubular reabsorption of filtered sodium is tightly controlled to maintain body volume homeostasis. The rate of sodium transport by collecting duct (CD) cells varies widely in response to dietary sodium intake, GFR, circulating hormones, neural signals, and local regulatory factors. Reabsorption of filtered sodium by CD cells occurs via a two-step process. First, luminal sodium crosses the apical plasma membrane along its electrochemical gradient through epithelial sodium channels (ENaC). Intracellular sodium is then actively extruded into the interstitial space by the Na + ,K + -ATPase located along the basolateral membrane. Mismatch between sodium entry and exit induces variations in sodium intracellular concentration and cell volume that must be maintained within narrow ranges for control of vital cell functions. Therefore, renal epithelial cells display highly coordinated apical and basolateral sodium transport rates. We review evidence from experiments conducted in vivo and in cultured cells that indicates aldosterone and vasopressin, the two major hormones regulating sodium reabsorption by CD, generate a coordinated stimulation of apical ENaC and basolateral Na + ,K + -ATPase. Moreover, we discuss evidence suggesting that variations in sodium entry per se induce a coordinated change in Na + ,K + -ATPase activity through the signaling of protein kinases such as protein kinase A and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency and liver disease in childhood.
Authors: A M Ward, J C Underwood
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Alpha, Antitrypsin Deficiency and Liver Disease in ChildhoodThe main component of serum alpha, globulin is a glyco- protein synthesized in the liver and named alpha, anti- trypsin (ai AT) because it inhibits trypsin and other proteases in vitro.The concentration in serum increases (normal level, about 200 mg/ 100 ml) in acute and chronic infection, neoplasia, pregnancy, and when oral contraceptives are taken' and falls in infants with idiopathic hyaline memibrane disease.2It is found in much lower concentration in amniotic fluid, colostrum, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva.3Its physiological role is unknown.Many genetically determined variants of alpha, antitrypsin can be distinguished by starch-gel electrophoresis, the proteins moving as distinct bands.The genetic alleles associated with them are inherited in an autosomal, equally dominant fashion.4Some people have only about 10% of the normal serum concentration of a, AT, and three dis- tinct clinical manifestations of this condition are known.Affected people may develop severe pulmonary emphysema in adult life,5 remain well throughout life, or, as has been recently shown, develop progressive liver disease in infancy and childhood.Rarely both pulmonary and hepatic disease occur in the same Datwent.6-8An association with hepatic disease was first noted by H. L. Sharp and colleagues in 1969 in two brothers with cirrhosis.9Four infants with neonatal hepatitis, two of whom later developed cirrhosis, were reported by A. M. Johnson and C. A. Alper.'0In studies including a further 11 cases Sharp" noted that the disease often began with an acute cholestatic hepatitis in infancy, which receded but was nearly always followed by cirrhosis.Two recent reports suggest that a low serum concentration of alpha, antitrypsin
Adenosine 2B Receptor Expression on Cancer Cells Promotes Metastasis
Authors: Deepak Mittal, Debottam Sinha, Deborah Barkauskas, Arabella Young, Murugan Kalimutho, Kimberley Stannard, Franco Caramia, Benjamin Haibe-Kains, John Stagg, Kum Kum Khanna, Sherene Loi, Mark J. Smyth
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Adenosine plays an important role in inflammation and tumor development, progression, and responses to therapy. We show that an adenosine 2B receptor inhibitor (A2BRi) decreases both experimental and spontaneous metastasis and combines with chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors in mouse models of melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) metastasis. Decreased metastasis upon A2BR inhibition is independent of host A2BR and lymphocytes and myeloid cells. Knockdown of A2BR on mouse and human cancer cells reduces their metastasis in vivo and decreases their viability and colony-forming ability, while transiently delaying cell-cycle arrest in vitro. The prometastatic activity of adenosine is partly tumor A2BR dependent and independent of host A2BR expression. In humans, TNBC cell lines express higher A2BR than luminal and Her2+ breast cancer cell lines, and high expression of A2BR is associated with worse prognosis in TNBC. Collectively, high A2BR on mouse and human tumors promotes cancer metastasis and is an ideal candidate for therapeutic intervention. Cancer Res; 76(15); 4372–82. ©2016 AACR.
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Authors: M. J. H. de Hair, M. G. H. van de Sande, T. H. Ramwadhdoebe, C. van der Leij, M. Maas, M. Hansson, L. Klareskog, R. Landewé, G. Serre, D. van Schaardenburg, D. M. Gerlag, L. G. M. van Baarsen, P. P. Tak
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)
Overexpression of inhibitor of apoptosis protein XIAP in human prostate cancer
Authors: Fumiya Hongo, Sara Huerta-Yepez, Hong Yu, Lee Goodglick, David Chia, Steve Horvath, Yoichi Mizutani, Tsuneharu Miki, Devasis Chatterjee, David Seligson, Benjamin Bonavida
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

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The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein XIAP is a member of a family of proteins that suppress cell death by apoptosis. We have reported that several prostate cancer (CaP) cell lines are resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and several chemotherapeutic drugs, like actinomycin D (Act D), sensitized the CaP tumor cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Sensitization by Act D was shown to selectively inhibit the expression of XIAP, which was overexpressed in the CaP cell lines ( Zisman et al., J Immunother. 24: 459, 2002; Ng et al., Prostate. 53: 286, 2003 ). Immunotherapy by TRAIL or agonist antibodies to DR4 or DR5 are currently being considered clinically in the treatment of various drug-resistant tumor cells, including CaP. However, CaP may not respond to such immunotherapy due to tumor cell resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Therefore, it may be useful to identify cancer patients who may benefit from such immunotherapeutic strategies. We hypothesized that the level of expression of XIAP in cancer cells may be a predictable marker for clinical response to TRAIL-mediated immunotherapy. In this study, we examined the expression of XIAP by immunohistochemistry in human prostate cancer using prostate cancer tissue microarrays (TMA). Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue was collected from primary radical prostatectomy specimens performed between the years 1984 and 1995. At least three replicate tumor samples and one benign tissue sample was taken from each surgical case. A total of 246 prostatectomy specimens were assayed, resulting in a total of 1,102 non-metastatic informative tissue spots for analysis. These include 680 prostate cancer samples, 48 PIN, 121 BPH, and 253 morphologically normal samples. Staining for XIAP was done with anti-XIAP antibody (R&D System, Minneapolis, MN). The major Gleason grade was determined for each tissue spot. Statistical analysis of the data indicated that there was a significant increase of XIAP expression in CaP with an early elevation seen in PIN. Noteworthy, XIAP expression in BPH was lower than normal. The difference in XIAP expression between BPH and NL, NL and PIN, and PIN and CaP was statistically significant. These data are consistent with findings in a recent report ( Krajewska et al., Clin. Can. Res. 9: 4914, 2003 ). Based on these results, we are currently assessing the hypothesis that overexpression of XIAP may be one predictor of patients responsiveness to TRAIL-mediated immunotherapy. This study was supported in part by DOD/US ARMY DAMD 17-02-1-0023 (BB), the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center Shared Resource Core Grant (JCCC) at UCLA NIH NCI 2 P30 CA16042-29 (DS), and the Early Detection Research Network (LG, DC) NCI CA-86366.