tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Healing of Benign Gastric Ulcer with Low-Dose Antacid or Cimetidine
Authors: Jon I. Isenberg, Walter L. Peterson, Janet D. Elashoff, Mary Ann Sandersfeld, Terry J. Reedy, Andrew F. Ippoliti, Gary M. Van Deventer, Harold Frankl, George F. Longstreth, Daniel S. Anderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

We conducted a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to determine whether cimetidine (300 mg with meals and at bedtime) or a convenient, liquid aluminum-magnesium antacid regimen (15 ml one hour after meals and at bedtime) would expedite healing or relief of symptoms in patients with benign gastric ulcer. Of the 101 patients who completed the trial according to protocol, 32 received the antacid, 36 cimetidine, and 33 placebo. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after entry, ulcers had healed in a larger percentage of patients treated with cimetidine than of those treated with placebo: 53, 86, and 89 per cent of the cimetidine group versus 26, 58, and 70 per cent of the placebo group (P = 0.02, 0.01, 0.05), respectively. Healing at the three intervals had occurred in 38, 70, and 84 per cent, respectively, of the antacid-treated patients. Neither cimetidine nor antacid was more effective than placebo in relieving symptoms. The presence or absence of symptoms during the fourth and eighth treatment weeks was a poor predictor of the presence of absence of an ulcer crater. We conclude that cimetidine significantly hastens the healing of benign gastric ulcer.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Fragile X Syndrome by Direct Detection of the Unstable DNA Sequence
Authors: Grant R. Sutherland, Agi Gedeon, Louise Kornman, Andrew Donnelly, Roger W. Byard, John C. Mulley, Eric Kremer, Michael Lynch, Melanie Pritchard, Sui Yu, Robert I. Richards
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

FRAGILE X syndrome is the most common form of familial mental retardation.1 Its prenatal diagnosis has relied on cytogenetic detection of the fragile X chromosome in cultured amniotic fluid, chorionic-villus cells, or fetal blood obtained by cordocentesis. The rate of misdiagnosis is about 5 percent and is due to rare false positive and more frequent false negative diagnoses.2 A molecular-genetic approach using DNA polymorphisms linked to the fragile site is feasible for diagnosis, but the results are probabilistic rather than absolutely diagnostic.3 , 4 The fragile X syndrome has recently been shown to be characterized by an unstable DNA sequence that can . . .
Epidemiology of cancer in the middle age and elderly populations in a developing economy: Need for proper resource allocation and personnel training
Authors: O. B. Alese, H. A. Obamuyide
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

17046 Background: Cancer is emerging as a major cause of death in developing countries. In order to prioritize health care resources, the pattern of occurrence and the current surgical treatment of different cancer types must be determined. We retrospectively reviewed the hospital's operating records, to find out the areas of greatest need with respect to cancer types. Methods: We extracted and analyzed relevant data from the hospital's operating records for the General Surgical Divisions (3). The hospital is a tertiary health care centre, serving as referral for more than 10 million people. All the operations done on patients more than 40 years old, from January 2004 to December 2005 (a 24 month period), were included in the analysis. Results: A total of 210 operations were done for general surgical malignancies in the 3 Divisions over the study period. 50% of the patients were between 41 and 60 years of age. 8% were 70 years and older. The majority were female; 72.4%, with a male to female ratio of 1:2.6. More than half of the cases were breast cancers (51.9%). Others were gastrointestinal (30%; colorectal: 24%, stomach: 6%), soft tissue sarcomas (6%), thyroid cancers (3.3%) and salivary glands (3%). 13.8% of the operations were done on emergency basis; in more than half of the colorectal cases who presented in acute intestinal obstruction. Virtually all the breast cancer operations were modified radical mastectomy. Conclusions: Most cancer operations in the middle age and elderly patients are for breast cancers, especially in the female gender. A significant proportion of the emergency operations are done for colorectal cancers presenting with acute intestinal obstruction. Appropriate health care personnel training and adequate resources are urgently needed in these areas, for effective and modern control of an emerging epidemic in developing economies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Serum Cholesterol Esterification in Liver Disease
Authors: Jerome B. Simon, Robert Scheig
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Recent evidence indicates that the serum enzyme lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) can esterify circulating cholesterol. The ability of serum to esterify 14C-cholesterol-labeled lipoproteins was used to assay LCAT acivity in 21 patients with liver disease, most of whom had disproportionately low levels of serum cholesterol esters. Activity was low in 14 patients, five having values under 5 μg of cholesterol esterified per ml per hour (control activities 20.4 to 34.1 μg per ml per hour, with a mean of 27.6). The defect was not due to circulating heat-stable inhibitors or to abnormal substrate lipoproteins in the patients' serum, but generally paralleled the severity of hepatic dysfunction. A direct relation existed between the patients' LCAT activities and the proportion of their serum cholesterol present as esters (r = 0.647, p less than 0.001). Low LCAT activity can at least partly explain the abnormal ratio of esterified to unesterified cholesterol in liver disease. The abnormality is probably due to impaired hepatic enzyme synthesis.
Higher levels of the anti-inflammatory protein CC10 are associated with improvement in sputum atypia in individuals at high risk for lung cancer
Authors: Jiping Chen, Stephen Lam, Aprile Pilon, Annette McWilliams, Calum MacAulay, Eva Szabo
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

1693  Context: CC10 is a 10-kDa anti-inflammatory protein secreted by nonciliated Clara cells which are progenitor cells in the bronchiolar epithelium. CC10 is infrequently expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and overexpression of CC10 in NSCLC cell lines results in a less malignant phenotype. Previous studies showed that cytological atypia in exfoliated sputum epithelial cells is a predictor of lung cancer. Whether changes in CC10 expression are correlated with changes in sputum atypia is not known.  Objective: We investigated whether higher bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and plasma CC10 levels are associated with improvement in sputum atypia in smokers.  Methods: We used specimens collected during a chemoprevention trial assessing the efficacy of budesonide vs. placebo to regress bronchial dysplasia in current (n=81) and former (n=23) smokers with bronchial dysplasia. Bronchoscopies with BAL and plasma and sputum sample collection were performed at baseline and after 6 months. High resolution image cytometry to measure DNA content was performed on at least 3000 epithelial cells from each sputum sample. A sputum sample was considered “abnormal” if at least five non-diploid cells were identified in the sample. Individuals were classified as “improved” if the sputum assessment changed from abnormal at baseline to normal at the 6 month follow-up. Individuals were classified as “non-improved” if the sputum assessment changed from normal to abnormal or if the baseline abnormal assessment remained abnormal. BAL and plasma CC10 levels were measured at baseline and follow-up by a competitive ELISA.  Results: The net change in the mean BAL CC10 concentrations (ng CC10/mg protein) was significantly higher among those with improvement in sputum atypia than among those without improvement (arithmetic mean: 22.0 ± 27.2 ng/mg and 5.2 ± 36.5 ng/mg, respectively, p = 0.018). The odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) of improvement in sputum atypia associated with one unit increase on the natural log-scale was 2.51 (1.13-5.55, p = 0.023) for either the follow-up BAL or the change in BAL CC10 levels after adjustment for baseline CC10 levels. Further adjustment for age, sex, pack-years of smoking, smoking status, and treatment effect did not significantly change the estimate [2.94 (1.22-7.05), p = 0.016]. Plasma CC10 levels were not significantly associated with improvement in sputum atypia.  Conclusions: These results show that higher BAL CC10 levels are correlated with improvement in sputum atypia in smokers with high lung cancer risk. Whether CC10 levels can be used as a predictor for changes in clinical outcomes among high risk populations needs to be further investigated.
Intermediate risk localized prostate cancer: Which radiotherapeutic approach?
Authors: V. Gondi, I. Deutsch, D. Vecchio, E. Goluboff, R. D. Ennis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

4767 Background: Standard dose (<=70 Gy) external beam radiotherapy (SD-EBRT) is known to be modestly effective treatment for intermediate risk prostate cancer. Over the last decade, several approaches have emerged to improved on those results. To address the uncertainty of which of these treatments is most effective, we performed a retrospective cohort study of such patients treated at our institution. Methods:Analyzed all intermediate-risk patients as defined by D'Amico. These 346 patients had received either SD-EBRT (N=141), SD-EBRT + androgen deprivation (AD) (N=84; AD 3–40 mos., median 6), high-dose (HD) EBRT (>=72 Gy) +/- AD (N=49, AD 3–24 mos., median 4.5), brachytherapy (BRACHY) (N=10), BRACHY+EBRT (N=39), BRACHY+AD (N=11, AD 1–13 mos., median 3.5), and BRACHY+EBRT+AD (N=12, AD 3–9 mos., median 5). Outcome was biochemical disease-free survival (BDFS) as defined by ASTRO, estimated using Kaplan Meyer method and compared using log rank statistic. Because of uncertainty regarding the appropriateness of the ASTRO definition in AD patients, a second analysis using the definition of PSA > 1.5 ng/ml (as per Bolla et al.) was used. Multivariate analysis: Cox regression analysis. To adjust for stage migration over the study period, years of treatment were grouped and included as a variable in analysis Results: Using ASTRO: Within SD-EBRT and HD-EBRT outcome did not differ +/- AD. Outcome did not differ between different BRACHY-based treatments. BRACHY-based (p=0.0003) is superior to SD-EBRT +/- AD. HD-EBRT +/- AD was borderline significantly better (p=0.07). Multivariate, including year of treatment, confirmed BRACHY-based (p=0.01, RR 3.1) to be superior to SD-EBRT +/- AD. HD-EBRT +/- AD was not (p=0.4). Using PSA > 1.5 definition: SD-EBRT+AD (p=0.0001), BRACHY-based (p<0.00009), HD-EBRT +/- AD (p=0.01) were superior to SD-EBRT. Multivariate: SD-EBRT+AD (p=0.01, RR 2.6), BRACHY-based (p=0.01, RR 4.5) remained superior to SD-EBRT. Conclusions: Brachytherapy-based treatments and possibly the addition of AD to SD-EBRT improve the outcome of intermediate-risk prostate cancer over SD-EBRT. Determination of BDFS of AD treatments is definition dependent. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Filling Pressures in the Right and Left Sides of the Heart in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: James S. Forrester, George Diamond, Thomas J. McHugh, H. J. C. Swan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Filling Pressures in the Right and Left Sides of the Heart in Acute Myocardial Infarction — A Reappraisal of Central-Venous-Pressure Monitoring
Abstract PR10: The chromatin remodeler CHD4 as a potential specific target for alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma therapy
Authors: Joana Marques, Maria Boehm, Marco Wachtel, Beat Schaefer
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Fusion-positive alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (FP-RMS) is a paediatric tumour driven by an oncogenic fusion transcription factor, PAX3-FOXO1. Conventional chemotherapy is only effective for low risk patients which carry no metastasis, achieving a 5-year overall survival of 65%. The unique presence of this fusion protein in FP-RMS as well as the tumour cell survival dependency on PAX3-FOXO1 make this transcription factor a promising target for therapy. However, due to the difficulties associated with drug development targeting transcription factors, we performed a combined proteomic and genetic screen to identify new druggable co-regulators of PAX3-FOXO1 transcriptional activity. Interactor candidates were defined by mass spectrometry analysis of proteins co-purified with the fusion protein and individually validated for their relevance for PAX3-FOXO1 activity through siRNA silencing. The chromodomain-DNA-binding protein 4 (CHD4), a nucleosome remodeler and core member of the NuRD complex (Nucleosome Remodelling and Deacetylase), was identified as an essential positive co-regulator of PAX3-FOXO1 transcriptional activity. ChIP-qPCR experiments demonstrated that CHD4 not only co-localizes with PAX3-FOXO1 in the FP-RMS genome but also it is necessary for the binding of the fusion protein to cis-regulatory sites for a subset of its target genes. Consequently, CHD4 silencing affected the expression of more than 50% of PAX3-FOXO1 regulated target genes. Additionally, depletion of CHD4 impaired FP-RMS cell proliferation and caused a complete regression of xenograft tumours in mice. Moreover, CHD4 silencing had no effect in cell proliferation of human myoblasts or fibroblasts, suggesting a unique tumour dependency on this chromatin remodeler. In summary, our data propose that CHD4 has a crucial role as a co-regulator of PAX3-FOXO1 driven gene expression whose presence is required for FP-RMS cell viability. To our knowledge, CHD4 is the first identified chromatin remodeler associated with PAX3-FOXO1 transcriptional activity, thus highlighting the relevance of epigenetic regulation in FP-RMS tumour development. Collectively, our findings suggest CHD4 as a potential novel therapeutic target in this childhood malignancy, and are motivating ongoing work aimed at finding first-in-class small molecules to inhibit CHD4. This abstract is also presented as Poster A20. Citation Format: Joana Marques, Maria Boehm, Marco Wachtel, Beat Schaefer. The chromatin remodeler CHD4 as a potential specific target for alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research: From Mechanisms and Models to Treatment and Survivorship; 2015 Nov 9-12; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(5 Suppl):Abstract nr PR10.
OP0306 Is there a Difference in the Presentation of Diffuse and Limited Subtype of Juvenile Systemic Sclerois in Childhood? Results from the Juvenile Scleroderma Inception Cohorte. www.juvenilescleroderma.com
Authors: I. Foeldvari, M. Katsicas, M. Teresa Terreri, R. Cimaz, M. Kostik, F. Sztajnbok, D. Nemcova, M. Moll, M. Jose Santos, T. Avcin, J. Brunner, S. Nielsen, T. Kallinich, K. Minden, J. Mueller, M. Janarthanan, Y. Uziel, W.A. Sifuentes-Giraldo, D. Eleftheriou, K. Torok, N. Helmus
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Juvenile systemic sclerosis (jSSc) is an orphan autoimmune disease. Several publications in adults looked at the differences between limited and diffuse subtypes. There is rarity of data regarding this topic in pediatric jSSc. The juvenile scleroderma inception cohort (www.juvenilescleroderma.com) is a prospective standardized register for patients with jSSc. <h3>Objectives</h3> Comparison of features of patients with limited jSSc (ljSSc) and diffuse jSSc (djSSc) subtypes at the time of inclusion in the registry <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with jSSc were included worldwide into the juvenile scleroderma inception cohort. We compared the demographics and clinical features of the ljSSc and djSSc. <h3>Results</h3> Up till now 39 patients were enrolled, 29 with djSSc and 10 with ljSSc. 5 in the diffuse (17%) and 3 in the limited subtype (30%) had an overlap feature. The mean follow up of the patients in the cohort was 6.4 years in the djSSc and 5.3 years in ljSSc. 76% in the djSSc and 80% in the ljSSc group were female. The mean age at the onset of Raynaud9s Phenomenon was 8.7 years in the jdSSc and 12.9 years in ljSSc group while the mean age at the onset of the first non-Raynaud presentation was 9.1years in djSSc and 13.8 years ljSSc. At the time of the inclusion the mean modified Rodnan Skin Score was 19.6 in the djSSc and 7.5 in ljSSc. 70% of patients in both groups had already capillary changes, but 67% in djSSc and only 33% in ljSSc had already history of ulcerations and 32.1% presented with active ulceration in the djSSc and none in the ljSSc. 72% of djSSc and 50% of ljSSc had cardiopulmonary involvement. The two patients with pulmonary hypertension had djSSc. 27.5% in djSSc and 30% in ljSSc group showed signs of interstitial lung disease on imaging. All 3 patients with renal involvement had djSSc. In both groups 30% had gastrointestinal involvement. Around 80% had musculoskeletal involvement in both subtypes. Anti-Scl 70 positivity was found in 40% of djSSc and 37.5% in ljSSc. Only 1 patient in the djSSc group had anticentromere antibody. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We present the data on the first 39 patients with jSSc included in our cohort. Patients with djSSc and ljSSc differ in several characteristics. Patients with djSSc were younger at onset, had more often capillary changes and active ulcerations, pulmonary hypertension and renal involvement. The characteristics of the pediatric subtypes differs from adults with SSc. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Race and the Response to Adrenergic Blockade with Carvedilol in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Clyde W. Yancy, Michael B. Fowler, Wilson S. Colucci, Edward M. Gilbert, Michael R. Bristow, Jay N. Cohn, Mary Ann Lukas, Sarah T. Young, Milton Packer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The benefits of angiotensin-converting–enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers may be smaller in black patients than in patients of other races, but it is unknown whether race influences the response to carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure.
Long-Term Response of Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis to Treatment with Lymphoblastoid Interferon Alfa-N1
Authors: Brigid G. Leventhal, H.K. Kashima, Phoebe Mounts, Linda Thurmond, Sharon Chapman, Stephen Buckley, Diane Wold
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

We earlier reported that patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis responded to six months of treatment with lymphoblastoid interferon alfa-n1. Because another study of patients treated for one year with leukocyte interferon alfa-n3 found that the growth rate of papillomas was slowed in the first six months but returned to base line during months 7 through 12 despite persistent interferon treatment, we now report the long-term results in our original study patients who were followed for a median of four years after the original one-year crossover study.
Photodynamic Therapy with Hematoporphyrin Derivative in the Treatment of Superficial Transitional-Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder
Authors: G R Prout, C W Lin, R Benson, U O Nseyo, J J Daly, P P Griffin, J Kinsey, M E Tian, Y H Lao, Y Z Mian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Photodynamic therapy involves light-induced destruction of tumors containing a photosensitizer such as hematoporphyrin derivative. We conducted a collaborative study to evaluate the efficacy of this form of therapy in treating superficial transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder. Thirty-seven patients were evaluated and 20 were selected for treatment. A total of 50 papillary tumors and 3 areas of carcinoma in situ were treated. All except two tumors were smaller than 2.5 cm. Assessments for treatment response and toxicity were carried out three months after treatment. The initial diagnosis of one patient was revised after the biopsy material was reviewed, and this patient was not included in the analysis. Complete eradication of all tumors was observed in 9 of 19 patients (47 percent), including those with carcinoma in situ. In the remaining 10 of these 19 patients, 13 tumors could not be eradicated (the overall eradication rate was 37 of 50 tumors [74 percent]), but 9 of the 10 patients had a reduction in tumor size, number, or both of 50 percent or more. We conclude that photodynamic therapy is useful in the treatment of superficial transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder, but controlled trials will be required to define its place in the treatment of cancer.
Anti-Mcam Monoclonal Antibody PRX003 Inhibits the Unique Migratory Potential of Pathogenic IL-17–Producing T Cells
Authors: Kenneth Flanagan, Stephen J. Tam, Lauri Li, Philip J. Dolan, Robin M. Barbour, Jeffrey N. Higaki, Yue Liu, Tarlochan Nijjar, Michael Skov, Wagner Zago, Ted A. Yednock, Gene F. Kinney, Dan Ness
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
US hepatitis C virus testing recommendations may miss 25% of cases, study finds
Authors: Michael McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2016)

US guidelines for testing for hepatitis C virus infection may miss as many as one in four infections in an urban emergency department population, a US study has found.1

The findings indicated that one time testing of all adults aged 18 years and older who came to emergency departments that served a high risk urban population would more effectively identify those with chronic virus infection, the authors said.

Yu-Hsiang Hsieh, of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine’s Department of Emergency Medicine in Baltimore, was the lead author of the study, published in Clinical Infectious …
Urinary Xanthine Stones-a Rare Complication of Allopurinol Therapy
Authors: Martin L. Greene, Wilfred Y. Fujimoto, J. Edwin Seegmiller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

SINCE its clinical introduction in 1964, allopurinol (4-hydroxypyrazolo-[3,4-d]-pyrimidine) has been increasingly used for the treatment of hyperuricemia of gout,1 , 2 many neoplastic diseases and other metabolic disorders. Allopurinol and its principal metabolic product, oxipurinol (alloxanthine, oxoallopurinol), inhibit the enzyme, xanthine oxidase, that normally converts hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to uric acid. The concentration of these oxypurine precursors of uric acid in blood and urine thus increases in patients treated with allopurinol.Although the formation of urinary xanthine stones has been anticipated as a possible complication of allopurinol therapy, to date this occurrence has not been documented in the clinical use . . .
Bochdalek hernia as unusual cause of massive hydrothorax in a 50-year-old man
Authors: Qiang Sun, Bao-Ying Wang, Qing-Sheng Wang, Qiang Tan
Journal: Thorax (2016)

A 50-year-old man was urgently admitted to our department with acute dyspnoea and upper abdominal pain for 4 h. He had no history of any previous thoracoabdominal trauma or surgery. On physical examination, auscultation revealed diminished breath sound with dullness to percussion over the left hemithorax. There was marked abdominal tenderness on the left side, but no guarding or rebound tenderness. The leucocyte count revealed a marked leucocytosis of 23.87x109/L with a mildly elevated neutrophilic …
Convulsive Therapy in Psychoses Accompanying Pregnancy
Authors: Dean M. Laird
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

PREGNANCY in psychotic patients is fairly common and ordinarily calls for no special precautions or adjunctive therapy other than those normally imposed and administered in pregnancy. From time to time, although infrequently, the use of various types of shock therapy may have to be considered in such cases. The psychiatric indications for these forms of treatment are well known, but the question of the advisability of their use arises in view of the coexisting pregnancy and the possibility that the pregnancy will not terminate in a full-term living child.Review of the LiteratureThe literature reviewed to date contains but . . .