tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Biodegradable stents for the treatment of benign stenoses of the small and large intestines
Authors: S. Rejchrt, M. Kopacova, J. Brozik, J. Bures
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Biodegradable stents, which are made of various synthetic polymers, such as polylactide or polyglycolide, or co-polymers, such as polydioxanone, can be used for the treatment of benign refractory stenoses of the gastrointestinal tract. Here we report 11 patients (median age 41) with stenosing Crohn's disease of the small and/or large intestine. Endoscopic insertion of a biodegradable stent was successful at the first attempt in all patients except one. Subsequent follow-up was for a mean of 16 months, median 17 months, range 12 – 29 months. Early stent migration (between 2 days and 8 weeks) was seen in three patients. Mucosal overgrowth (epithelial hyperplasia) was not observed in any of the patients during the follow-up period. The high rate of early stent migration might be solved by appropriate tailoring and further improvements in the design of the biodegradable stents. Proof of long-term efficacy and safety requires further studies.
OC-061 Gastric electrical stimulation for intractable gastroparesis
Authors: A I Sarela, S Dexter, F Choudhury, M Denyer
Journal: Gut (2012)

Introduction Severe, drug-unresponsive gastroparesis is a debilitating condition. Treatment with gastric electrical stimulation using Enterra ® was granted humanitarian device exemption status by the FDA in 2000. The largest case-series (N=221) reports that 54% of patients had >50% symptom-reduction with Enterra.1 We audited outcomes from Enterra therapy, with routine use of a trial of temporary stimulation to refine patient selection. Methods Patients considered for Enterra during 2008–2011 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Patients had been previously extensively investigated and treated for gastroparesis; 48% were referred by gastroenterologists and 37% by upper GI surgeons. Gastric emptying was assessed by scintigraphy in all cases. Candidates for Enterra had a 2-week trial of temporary stimulation, via a trans-nasal electrode that was endoscopically implanted into the gastric submucosa. Only those with good response proceeded to laparoscopic implantation of a permanent Enterra device. 50% or greater symptom-reduction was classified as a good response. Results There were 71 patients (51 women, 72%), with median age 42 years (range, 14–69). The aetiology of gastroparesis was idiopathic (43 patients, 61%), diabetes (15, 21%) or post-surgical (13, 18%). At presentation, oral nutrition was supplemented by naso-jejunal tube feeding in seven patients, surgical jejunostomy in eight or parenterally in one (total, 16 patients; 22%). Previous intervention included endoscopic injection of Botulinum toxin (Botox) into the pylorus in 16 patients (22%), pyloroplasty in two, distal gastrectomy in one and gastrojejunostomy in one. It was decided to directly proceed with permanent Enterra in four patients. Of the remaining, 51 patients have currently completed a trial of temporary stimulation; 39 (77%) had a good response and were selected for permanent Enterrra, which has been completed in 35 patients. Outcome data are currently available for 31 patients (idiopathic, 21 patients; diabetes, three; post-surgical, seven), with median follow-up period of 10 months (1–28). 22 patients (71%) had a good response to permanent Enterra; these included 14 (68%) with idiopathic, 5 (71%) with post-surgical and all three with diabetic gastroparesis. Conclusion 71% of well-selected patients with intractable gastroparesis had good response to permanent gastric electrical stimulation with Enterra at follow-up up to 2 years. These data compare advantageously with reported data (>50% symptom-reduction in 54%)1 and support the inclusion of a trial of temporary stimulation in the selection algorithm for permanent Enterra therapy. Competing interests None declared. Reference 1. McCallum , et al. Gastric electrical stimulation improves outcomes of patients with gastroparesis for up to 10 years. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 9 :314–19.
An Unusual Case of Acute Infective Polyneuritis with Visceral Lesions
Authors: Frederic Parker, Raymond D. Adams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THE terms "acute febrile polyneuritis," "acute infectious polyneuritis," "infectious neuronitis" and "Guillain–Barré syndrome" are commonly used to designate a class of diseases that are characterized by the acute onset of an ascending flaccid motor paralysis, with loss of tendon reflexes and sensory changes in the extremities, and by elevation of the spinal-fluid protein without pleocytosis. Facial diplegia occurs in some cases and, less often, bulbar paralysis. Paralysis of respiratory muscles results in death in 10 to 40 per cent of cases, and recovery is usually complete in the survivors. The cause of the disease is unknown. Although attempts to isolate . . .
Adjuvant Treatment in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Rosalyn A. Juergens, Julie R. Brahmer
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2006)

Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, accounting for 1.2 million new cases annually. Despite aggressive local management of patients diagnosed with early-stage disease (stages I–IIIA), more than half of patients who have undergone surgical resection will die from complications caused by recurrent lung cancer. Over the past 5 years, results from several large trials assessing the use of adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer have become available. This article reviews the data from the most prominent of these trials and focuses on how the combination of cisplatin and etoposide has been evaluated for use in the adjuvant setting. Cisplatin-based therapy has now been shown to provide a significant survival benefit in several trials and recent meta-analyses. These data have changed the paradigm for how early-stage lung cancer is managed.
False-Positive 131I Uptake by the Temporomandibular Joint Effusion
Authors: Min Zhang, Yifan Zhang, Wei Huang, Biao Li
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A 59-year-old man with papillary thyroid carcinoma underwent total thyroidectomy and received 2 separate 100-mCi doses of 131I about 5 months apart. A whole-body scan 4 days after the second dose revealed a focal uptake in the left temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The subsequent MRI examination demonstrated that the site of elevated iodine activity was caused by a TMJ effusion.
When Is a Cancer Treatment Worthwhile?
Authors: Ian F. Tannock, Michael Boyer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

In 1984 Mackillop et al.1 sent a questionnaire to physicians and surgeons in Ontario who treated lung cancer. The questionnaire asked the doctors to consider themselves as patients with lung cancer, as specified in a number of clinical scenarios, and to describe the treatment they would wish to receive. One scenario described asymptomatic, locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. A majority of the respondents (61 percent) preferred treatment with radiotherapy, and 22 percent preferred no immediate treatment; only 5 percent of the respondents chose chemotherapy. We do not know the reasons for these choices, but they were presumably influenced by randomized . . .
Abstract 3965: Geldanamycin-induced heat shock protein 70 negatively regulates TGF-β signaling through interaction with TGF-β receptors
Authors: Ho-Jae Lee, Sun-Young Yoon, Thuy Trang Nguyen, Han-Yang Cho, Tae-Hyun Kim, Woo-Kwang Jeon, Byung-Chul Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays important roles in a variety of physiological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of TGF-β signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases including cancer; therefore, pharmacological inhibitors that target the TGF-β signaling pathway might be promising drugs for disease therapy. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of inhibition of TGF-β signaling by the Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin (GA). Treatment with GA suppressed TGF-β signaling, as evidenced by inhibition of TGF-β-induced phosphorylation and transcriptional activity of Smad3 and decreased induction of target genes. Western blot analysis revealed that GA induced degradation of TGF-β type I and type II receptors through a proteasome-dependent pathway. Hsp70 interacted directly with TGF-β receptors following GA treatment. Notably, induction of Hsp70 by GA correlated with inhibition of TGF-β signaling. Suppression of Hsp70 expression by Hsp70 siRNA or KNK437, an inhibitor of Hsp70 synthesis, blocked the inhibition of TGF-β signaling by GA. Furthermore, down-regulation of endogenous Hsp70 enhanced TGF-β induced transcriptional activity and cell cycle arrest. These results strongly suggest that GA-induced Hsp70 acts as a negative regulator of TGF-β signaling. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3965.
ERCC, TS, RRM1, EGFR, and KRAS biomarker integration into a community-based medical oncology practice.
Authors: S. K. Reddy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

6156 Background: Feasibility of routine use of biomarkers in a community setting was evaluated to determine turn-around-time (TAT), and adequacy of specimen for PCR-based analyses of ERCC,TS, RRM1, KRAS, BRAF, and EGFR. Methods: 104 consecutive patients' charts for which biomarkers were requested were reviewed from 6/26/08 to 12/31/09. TAT was defined as the number of days between the faxed order for biomarker testing and the receipt of results by the ordering physician. FFPE tissues were dissected using microdissection and analyzed EGFR, ERCC1, RRM1, and TS mRNA expression using a quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Results: Median TAT was 13 days (6-37). Tissue acquisition was the rate-limiting step, averaging 7 days. Median TAT for CRC was 12 days. PCR results could not be obtained in 57/ 397(14%) requested tests, reported as quantity not sufficient (QNS) for analysis. A QNS was reported for at least 1 requested test in 16/104 patients (15%). Histology compromised 44 Lung, 36 CRC, 24 other. Favorable results for RRM1 low (<0.97 in lung CA) were seen in 14/55 (25%), for ERCC1 low (<1.7 in Lung CA) in 7/31 (23%), for TS low (<2.33 in Lung CA) in 7/21 (33%), for TS low (<4.00 inCRC) in 18/28 (64%), and for ERCC1 low(<1.73 in CRC) in 8/27 (30%) of patients. Conclusions: The QNS rates and TAT are consistent with previously reported data from academic tertiary centers despite delays in acquiring tissue blocks and transport of samples between centers. These results demonstrate the practical feasibility of routine implementation of biomarkers into the community-practice setting. RRM1 TS ERCC1 Tests 55 77 87 QNS 13 16 16 Expression 1.76 3.65 2.92 EGF KRAS BRAF Tests 16 79 14 QNS 0 11 1 Mutation (+) 2 (13%) 13 (16%) 3 (14%) Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Genoptix, Response Genetics Response Genetics Response Genetics
Perioperative Screening Gastroscopy for Colorectal Cancer Patients Contributes to Early Detection of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Takaharu Kato, Koichi Suzuki, Yuta Muto, Yutaka Kawamura, Junichi Sasaki, Shingo Tsujinaka, Fumio Konishi, Toshiki Rikiyama
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
A5.9 Values of B Lymphocyte Subpopulations (Healthy Population) using flow Cytometry a Starting Point for any study: Abstract A5.9 Table 1
Authors: A Munoz, R Hernández, J Uceda, M León, F Gallo, R Martínez, S Rodríguez, ML Velloso, N Cid, P González, L Mayordomo, E Rejón, JL Marenco
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Flow cytometry is a widely used technique nowadays for the determination of cell subpopulations in the study of autoimmune, infectious and tumoral diseases. Our goal is to study the means and medians of B lymphocyte subpopulations in healthy population, to thereby have reference limits with which being able to compare when carrying out studies in population with autoimmune diseases. <h3>Methods</h3> We studied 50 healthy patients. Male/female: 25/25. Age: 18–65 years. Previously, it was checked that none of these patients had any autoimmune diseases nor any other disease or condition causing lymphopenia or lymphocytosis. The fluorochromes used were: CD3, CD19, CD38, CD27 and IgD. <h3>Results</h3> <h3>Conclusions</h3> Knowing the mean, medians and standard deviations of the B lymphocyte subpopulations subsets is important in helping to compare these results with those obtained in studies of patients with autoimmune diseases. In most cases, conclusions drawn after the study with flow cytometry are based on knowing how these subpopulations vary with respect to healthy people in order to draw conclusions about what subpopulations are involved the most in the pathogenesis of the disease. We believe, therefore, important to deepen in studies of this kind in order to clarify more situations of normality in the world of flow cytometry: a technique that is increasingly taking more importance in the understanding of autoimmune diseases.
The FDA's Assessment of Two Drugs for Chronic Weight Management
Authors: Eric Colman, Julie Golden, Mary Roberts, Amy Egan, Joyce Weaver, Curtis Rosebraugh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

After weighing the risks and benefits, the FDA recently approved two new drugs as adjuncts to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity for chronic weight management in obese or overweight adults with at least one weight-related coexisting condition.
SP0163 Improving Your Graphs and Tables for Publication and Presentation
Authors: M. Boers
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

This workshop is an introduction to the principles of good graph and table design as pioneered by Cleveland<sup>1</sup> and Tufte<sup>2</sup> and updated by Few<sup>3</sup> so that the participant can better answer the following questions: Which of the messages in my research results requires a graph or table? Recognizing how graphs improve on simple statistics and convey much more information. Knowing when a table is better, or keeping the data in the body text. How can I best convey the message? Striving for clear vision by choice of graph, scaling, discrimination of data series, minimizing non-data ink, avoiding chart junk.Striving for clear understanding through a balance between data and explanation. Using order, subheadings, formatting and rules to guide your reader through your table data. Is my graph/table truthful? Creating a direct proportion between graph and data quantities, avoiding forms prone to misinterpretation, labels to prevent ambiguity; keeping data in context, avoiding more dimensions in the graph than in the data. This year9s course will have an extra focus on matrix graphs, and showcase the brand-new YouTube clips on the ARD website (ard.com)! <h3>References</h3> Cleveland WS. The elements of graphing data: Hobart Press, Summit, NJ, USA; 1994. Tufte E. The visual display of quantitative information. 2nd ed: Graphics Press, Cheshire, CT, USA; 2001. Few S. Show me the numbers. Designing tables and graphs to enlighten. Analytics Press, Oakland, CA, USA; 2004. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Abstract 5424: CD44-mediated glucose metabolism affects ROS level and drug sensitivity in glycolytic cancer cells.
Authors: Mayumi Tamada, Makoto Suematsu, Hideyuki Saya
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Low reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of cancer cells is implicated in chemo-resistance. One of the reasons why cancer cells keep their ROS level low is an increased glycolytic flux accompanied by activation of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). We found that CD44, a cell surface marker for cancer stem cells, interact with pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) which is one of the most important regulators of aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), and thereby promotes the glycolysis of cancer cells. CD44 ablation by RNA interference increased PKM2 enzymatic activity and then induced metabolic shift from glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration and concomitantly reduced glucose uptake and PPP flux via suppression of glucose transporter1 (Glut1) expression. Such metabolic changes by CD44 ablation depleted cellular reduced glutathione(GSH) contents and increased intracellular ROS level. Our group previously reported that CD44 variant expression promotes xCT-mediated cysteine uptake and consequent GSH synthesis. Taken together, we suggested that CD44 maintains GSH synthesis and low ROS level in glycolytic cancer cells not only through xCT-mediated cysteine uptake but also by maintenance of the PPP flux and consequent NADPH production. Additionally, CD44 depleted cancer cells more sensitized them anticancer drugs even in more glycolytic environments, such as p53-deficient or hypoxia, in which cancer cells show more chemo-resistance. This increased sensitivity to anticancer drugs conferred by CD44 ablation was inhibited by pretreatment with a precursor of GSH that functions as an antioxidant. Therefore, these results indicated that enhanced ROS level by CD44 ablation sensitizes highly glycolytic cancer cells to conventional chemotherapy. The possibility that CD44-targeted therapy may perturb the metabolism of cancer cells and thereby impair their capacity to defend against ROS warrants further investigation. Citation Format: Mayumi Tamada, Makoto Suematsu, Hideyuki Saya. CD44-mediated glucose metabolism affects ROS level and drug sensitivity in glycolytic cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5424. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5424
Abstract B23: Distinct roles for cancer-associated fibroblasts in breast cancer progression and metastasis
Authors: Joyce C. Tse, Hikaru Sugimoto, Vesselina G. Cooke, Brian A. MacDonald, Ankit I. Mehta, Eric G. Neilson, Michael Zeisberg, Raghu Kalluri
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are commonly identified and studied as an alpha-smooth muscle actin positive (αSMA+) population of myofibroblasts. However, recent work from our laboratory has shown that there are CAFs in the tumor microenvironment, which do not express αSMA. Most notably, fibroblast specific protein 1 (FSP1) marks a population of CAFs distinct from αSMA+ CAFs, as 90% of FSP1+ CAFs in the tumor microenvironment of the 4T1 murine breast cancer model are αSMA-negative. The functional heterogeneity of these subpopulations of CAFs remains unexplored. By using transgenic mice, which express viral thymidine kinase under control of the CAF promoters αSMA or FSP1 to selectively ablate either αSMA+ CAFs or FSP1+ CAFs in the context of breast cancer, we have identified distinct roles for the two CAF subpopulations in tumorigenesis and metastasis. While αSMA+ CAFs play a role in primary tumor growth and angiogenesis without affecting metastasis, FSP1+ CAFs do not contribute to primary tumor progression but facilitate the formation of macrometastases. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):B23.
A rare cause of ischemic proctosigmoiditis: idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric veins
Authors: C.-K. Chiang, C.-L. Lee, C.-S. Huang, S.-H. Huang, C.-H. Wu
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Ischemic proctosigmoiditis is an uncommon entity in colon ischemia because it is usually associated with an extensive arterial network. Here we report a case of idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of the mesenteric veins (IMHMV), a very rare cause of mesenteric ischemia, which typically contributes to proctosigmoiditis.
Abstract 1775: Growth inhibitory effect of PARP inhibitor olaparib in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Seock-Ah Im, Ahrum Min, Hyung-Seok Hur, Young-Kwang Yoon, Sang Hyun Song, Lucy Riches, Charlotte Knights, Sae-Won Han, Do-Youn Oh, Helen Wombwell, Tae-You Kim, Yi Gu, Alan Lau, Yung-Jue Bang, Mark O'Connor
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background Poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP)is the member of a family of enzymes that catalyze the addition of ADP-ribose units to proteins that mediate DNA repair pathways. Olaparib (KU-0059436; AZD2281) is a potent oral inhibitor of PARP currently in clinical development, which has selective antitumor activity in cancers, associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Gastric cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in Korea. New therapies including molecular targeting agents are eagerly awaited, and treatment strategies to overcome chemoresistance are also needed in the treatment of gastric cancer. Materials and Methods We studied the growth inhibitory effects of Olaparib on gastric cancer (GC) cells using clonogenic survival assays and studied the effect of combination with chemotherapeutic agents using MTS assays. Cell cycle analysis and molecular changes induced by olaparib were also performed. Results Olaparib showed marked growth inhibitory activity against the SNU 601 cell line, with IC50 value of 0.015 μM. In addition, 5 out of 11 GC cells (45%) were sensitive to olaparib with IC50s ≤ 2μM. Olaprib induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in sensitive GC cells. We identified synergistic growth inhibitory effects of Olaparib in combination with clinically relevant cytotoxic agents (5-FU, cisplatin, and oxaliplatin). Furthermore, Olaparib-induced apoptosis was associated with PARP cleavage and caspase-3 activation. Conclusion: Olaparib showed growth inhibitory activity against GC cells as a single agent and acted synergistically with cytotoxic agents. These results provide a rationale for the future clinical trials of olaparib combined with cytotoxic drugs in the treatment of gastric cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1775.
RADIONUCLIDE ANGIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF CARDIAC FUNCTION DURING SELECTED PACEMAKER MODES.
Authors: Michael F. Wilson, Dwight W. Reynolds, Robert D. Burow, Carl F. Schaefer, Ralph Lazzara, Daniel J. Brackett, Udho Thadani
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Wilson, Michael F.; Reynolds, Dwight W.; Burow, Robert D.; Schaefer, Carl F.; Lazzara, Ralph; Brackett, Daniel J.; Thadani, Udho Author Information