tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Imaging of a Giant Meckel's Diverticulum in a Young Adult
Authors: JANET L. SCHERAGA, DAVID H. FEIGLIN, F. DEAVER THOMAS, SEUK KY KIM, LELAN F. SILLIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

A 23-year-old man had an episode of gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia. He had a long history of recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and anemia, but no gross bleeding. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy demonstrated normal findings. A small-bowel follow through and abdominal CT scan demonstrated the presence of a large diverticulum in the right lower quadrant. Planar and SPECT Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy confirmed the presence of the Meckel's diverticulum containing an area of ectopic gastric mucosa. Surgery revealed a large Meckel's diverticulum in the right iliac fossa, as well as partial malrotation of the colon. Most patients with Meckel's diverticulum present in childhood, usually by age 2. The initial presentation of bleeding due to a large Meckel's diverticulum in a young adult is unusual.
Abstract 5284: The Oncogenic Role of MALL in NSCLC
Authors: Yen-Chun Lai
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract MALL (T-cell differentiation protein-like) located on the human chromosome 2q13 locus encodes a 17.5KDa protein enriched in glycolipid and cholesterol enriched membrane raft (GEM). It is involved in the raft-mediated trafficking machinery in endothelial cells. Previous study showed that MALL can interact with Caveolin-1. However, Caveolin-1 can be phosphorylated by FAK and then promotes cell proliferation and colony formation in NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) cell lines. However, the role of MALL in cancer progression is totally unknown. In this study, we found that the expression of MALL is upregulated up to 250-fold in the high invasive lung cancer cells (CL1-5) than low invasive cells (CL1-0). To investigate the biological function of MALL, we first generated a constitutively MALL-expressed lung cancer cell line. We found that MALL can significantly enhance cancer invasiveness by the Boyden chamber matrigel assay (2.12 fold, p&amp;lt;0.01). MALL also promote cell migration by the transwell assay (1.53 fold, p&amp;lt;0.01) and wound healing assay. Moreover, MALL increased the colonogenesis of lung cancer cells by using an anchorage-dependent colony formation assay (1.73 fold, p=0.035) but did not affect the rate of cell proliferation by MTT assay. These findings indicated that MALL can promote tumor metastasis and tumorigenesis. To determine the underlying mechanisms by which MALL increases tumorigenesis and invasion Affymetrix oligonucleotide analysis was performed. The genes differentially expressed between MALL and mock transfectants with greater than two-fold change was identified by ANOVA analysis (FDR&amp;lt; 0.05). The most relevant networks involved were analyzed using MetaCore and IPA (ingenuity pathway analysis) software including cytoskeleton, ECM signaling, and other networks. Taken together, MALL may be a potential oncogene which might provide new insights into the future treatment of lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5284.
Owl's-Eye Cells
Authors: R Herriot, E S Gray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Figure 1. Owl's-Eye Cells. The photomicrograph shows a section of kidney taken at autopsy from a three-month-old boy who died of disseminated cytomegalovirus infection contracted in utero. A single periglomerular renal tubule contains large, intranuclear viral inclusion bodies typical of those found in cells infected with cytomegalovirus. Such inclusion bodies are commonly seen at autopsy or in biopsy specimens from the kidneys, lungs, and other organs in cases of congenital or acquired cytomegalovirus infection. (Hematoxylin and eosin, x1920.).
RELATIONSHIP OF SERUM CYTOKINES (TNF-ALPHA, IL-1-BETA, IFN-GAMMA AND INFLAMMATION MARKERS (NEOPTERIN, BETA-2-MICROGLOBULIN, C-REACTIVE PROTEIN) TO TRANSPLANT-RELATED COMPLICATIONS AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN PROPHYLAXIS FOLLOWING ALLOGENEIC MARROW TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Km Sullivan, Fritz Offner, M Herold, M Mori, C Huber, D Niederwieser, Fr Appelbaum, R Storb
Journal: Blood (1994)
Comparison of In-111 Octreotide and Tc-99m (V) DMSA Scintigraphy in the Detection of Medullary Thyroid Tumor Foci in Patients with Elevated Levels of Tumor Markers After Surgery
Authors: NURI ARSLAN, SEYFETTIN ILGAN, DOGANGUN YUKSEL, MUSTAFA SERDENGECTI, NAIL BULAKBASI, OMER UGUR, MEHMET ALI OZGUVEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Purpose In this retrospective study, the authors evaluated the utility of In-111 octreotide (OctreoScan) and Tc-99m (V) DMSA scintigraphy for the localization of recurrent metastatic tumor foci in patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and compared the findings with those of conventional radiologic imaging methods. Methods The scintigraphic images were compared with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (US) in 14 patients (8 men, 6 women; age range, 22 to 74 years) with elevated calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen levels after total thyroidectomy. All scintigraphic image findings were evaluated qualitatively as mild uptake (+) and moderate to marked uptake (++). Results In-111 octreotide may be superior to Tc-99m (V) DMSA for the detection of tumor foci of patients with MTC on a patient basis (78.5% versus 57.1%) and on a lesion basis (44.1% versus 30.2%). The sensitivity rate for In-111 octreotide (78.5%) was also similar to that of CT and MRI on a patient basis. Conversely, the combined use of Tc-99m (V) DMSA and In-111 octreotide revealed the best sensitivity rate (85.7%) on a patient basis, whereas the combined use of CT and MRI showed the best sensitivity rate (81.3%) on a lesion basis. Conclusions These findings suggest that In-111 octreotide is superior to Tc-99m (V) DMSA and has a similar sensitivity rate to CT and MRI for the diagnosis of recurrent or metastatic MTC. Although the combined use of In-111 octreotide and Tc-99m (V) DMSA was most sensitive, the combined use of CT and MRI with radionuclide imaging methods may better detect more metastatic tumor foci.
Preventing Dengue — Is the Possibility Now a Reality?
Authors: Stephen J. Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Dengue is a mosquito-borne flaviviral illness that is endemic in the tropics and subtropics. An estimated 390 million infections occur annually, of which 96 million have clinical manifestations.1 Although mortality is relatively lower than that for other tropical infectious diseases, the scale of human suffering and economic resources that are expended to control dengue makes it a major global public health problem.2 The factors driving transmission and infection persist without evidence of decline. For these reasons, the world needs a safe and effective dengue vaccine. Infection with one of the four types of dengue virus (serotypes 1, 2, 3, and . . .
COMPARISON OF 1- AND 2-STENT TECHNIQUES IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY BIFURCATION LESIONS BETWEEN ACUTE CORONARY AND NON-ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME FROM THE COBIS (CORONARY BIFURCATION STENT) II REGISTRY
Authors: Young Keun Ahn, Min Chul Kim, Myung Ho Jeong, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon, Hyo-Soo Kim, Seung Woon Rha, Jong-Sun Park, Jang-Ho Bae, Jae-Hwan Lee, Jung Han Yoon, Seung-Jea Tahk, Ki Bae Seung, Seung Ho Hur
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Flupentixol-Induced Aversion to Crack Cocaine
Authors: Frank H. Gawin, M. Elena Khalsa-Denison, Peter Jatlow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

To the Editor: Disulfiram causes an aversive response to alcohol that is used therapeutically to foster abstinence. There is no similarly effective and safe aversive treatment for cocaine abuse. We...
O4.03 * GLIOBLASTOMA STIMULATED ANGIOGENESIS IS MEDIATED BY MMP-3 ACTIVATED MMP-1 VIA BRAIN ENDOTHELIAL CELL ASSOCIATED PROTEASE ACTIVATED RECEPTOR 1 (PAR1) AND IS ENHANCED UNDER HYPOXIC CONDITIONS
Authors: S. Briggs, K. Stephenson, J. Holliday, R. Peckham, D. Arthur, M. Papanikolaou, A. Butt, A. Pickford, G. Pilkington, H. L. Fillmore
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Glioblastoma Multiforme is a highly aggressive brain tumour known for its heterogeneity and its vascularity. Published reports using in vivo and in vitro glioma models reveal that Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) over-expression induces angiogenesis. In other studies the involvement of the Protease Activated Receptor 1 (PAR1) in MMP-1's effect on tumour vessel formation has been suggested. MMP-1 expression is localised to glioma and endothelial cells with PAR1 expression mainly localised to endothelial cells in human glioma biopsies. MMP-3, also expressed in gliomas, is an activator of pro-MMP-1. Herein, we focused on the effects of MMP-3 activated MMP-1 and conditioned media from glioma cell lines cultured under hypoxic conditions to begin to examine mechanisms of MMP-1 induction of angiogenesis in an in vitro model of brain endothelial cell tube formation. Human brain endothelial cells, activated MMP-1, inhibitors (PAR1 and MMP-1) were used to investigate the possibility that MMP-1 acts through PAR1 to induce angiogenesis. This was accessed by measuring brain endothelial tube length, number of tube projections and the number of branch points. Conditioned media from glioma cell lines (SNB-19 and UP-007) cultured under either normoxic or hypoxic conditions were also tested in the absence/presence of inhibitors. PAR1 activation was examined by endothelial intracellular calcium release using live cell imaging following addition of MMP-1. Exogenous addition of MMP-3 activated MMP-1 to brain endothelial cells lead to a dose dependant increase in number of branch points and tube length (P ≤ 0.05). MMP-1 inhibition prevented this increase and inclusion of a PAR1 inhibitor resulted in preventing MMP-1's effect, suggesting MMP-1 may function through PAR1 to drive angiogenesis. Endothelial cells treated with conditioned media obtained from glioma cell lines resulted in a significant increase in all measures of tube formation, with the most significant effect being on tube number using media from glioma cells grown under hypoxia (P ≤ 0.05). MMP-1 and PAR1 inhibition blocked these effects. Although it is well documented that MMP-1 is over-expressed in high grade gliomas, it has been unclear what role MMP-1 plays as its ‘normal’ ECM substrates are not typically found in gliomas or normal brain. Results from this study extend earlier data showing in vivo induction of angiogenesis and highlight a potential signaling pathway via PAR1 activation in glioma pathology.
Duodenal obstruction following papillary stenosis: a rare complication after endoscopic sphincterotomy
Authors: J. Lim, K. Joo, J. Park, H. Shin, J. Cha, J. Lee
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

An 80-year-old man was admitted for abdominal pain and jaundice. Abdominal computed tomography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) revealed an impacted bile duct stone in the duodenal papilla with biliary and pancreatic duct dilatation. We safely performed an endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and stone extraction. Eighteen months later, the patient was readmitted with jaundice. ERCP showed retraction of the duodenal papilla with stenosis of the biliary and pancreatic duct orifices ([Fig. 1]).
Flexible sigmoidoscopy: an archaic tool for 40 – 50-year-old patients with fresh bleeding per rectum
Authors: M. Barret, R. Coriat, A. Lecler, J. Deyra, F. Prat, S. Chaussade
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

We read with great interest the article by Khalid et al. [1] who reported an incidence of 7.6 % of adenomatous polyps and malignant lesions in 40 – 50-year-old patients with fresh bleeding per rectum undergoing full colonoscopic examination. Interestingly, 10 % of the lesions were located in the proximal colon. In patients younger than 40 years, adenomatous polyps or malignant lesions were found in 2.8 % of cases, and all were located in the distal colon. Therefore, their conclusions suggest that flexible sigmoidoscopy could be a reasonable evaluation tool in patients aged less than 40 years who have no alarm symptoms other than fresh bleeding per rectum. However, no recommendations are made in the article for 40 – 50-year-old patients.
Abstract A15: Inflammation-dependent deregulation of the tumor suppressor Pdcd4
Authors: Tobias Schmid, Daniela Rübsamen, Johanna S. Blees, Magdalena M. Bajer, Larissa Milke, Kathrin Schulz, Curtis J. Henrich, James B. McMahon, Nancy H. Colburn, Bernhard Brüne
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Tumor suppressor Pdcd4 was shown to inhibit the helicase activity of eIF4A and consequently to suppress the translation of mRNAs with structured 5′UTRs. As a result, Pdcd4 inhibits transformation, migration, and invasion in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo. Recent reports indicate that Pdcd4 protein levels are attenuated in various human tumor types. Loss of Pdcd4 was not attributable to mutational inactivation, instead miR-21-dependent translational repression and p70S6K1-mediated, phosphorylation-dependent attenuation of Pdcd4 protein stability emerged as important mechanisms of Pdcd4 regulation. In this study, we characterize the mechanism of Pdcd4 regulation under inflammatory, tumor-promoting conditions. Our data indicate that Pdcd4 protein is lost in human tumor cells exposed to an inflammatory environment generated by activated macrophages. Downregulation of Pdcd4 required activation of PI3K-mTOR-p70S6K1-signaling and was attributable to a markedly reduced Pdcd4 protein half-life resulting from increased proteasomal degradation. Functionally, Pdcd4 protein levels inversely correlated with AP-1 transactivation, migration, and invasion. Based on the proposed mechanism of Pdcd4 regulation, we further developed an assay to identify compounds interfering with tumor-promoter induced degradation of Pdcd4. Identified hit compounds will provide a source for novel, translation-oriented approaches for tumor therapies. In summary, we suggest that p70S6K1-dependent phosphorylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation of Pdcd4 protein is a key mechanism in the regulation of the tumor suppressor Pdcd4 under inflammation-associated, tumor-promoting conditions. Consequently, we put forward stabilization of Pdcd4 as a novel tumor therapeutic approach and identify novel compounds disrupting Pdcd4's phosphorylation-dependent destabilization during tumorigenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2011 Sep 14-18; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(18 Suppl):Abstract nr A15.
Abstract 4466: Local regulation of steroid hormones in the breast is related to single nucleotide polymorphism of steroid metabolism genes
Authors: Oukseub Lee, Robert T. Chatterton, Ali Shidfar, Richard Heinz, Angela Fought, Scholtens Denise, Seema A. Khan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: The pattern of steroid hormone levels in nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) significantly differs from systemic levels, but may be a better predictor of breast cancer risk than the systemic environment. We hypothesize that local production and clearance of estrogen precursors or estrogen in the breast is affected by genetic variation in the enzymes involved in steroid transport, biosynthesis, and metabolism, thereby contributing to breast cancer risk. We examined the effect of functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the concentrations of the NAF steroid hormones, as compared to serum levels. Methods: NAF was collected from both the contralateral unaffected breast of breast cancer patients and controls (blinded study of 265 women). Selection criteria for SNPs were; 1) known/potential functional significance on activity of the resulting enzyme. 2) Expression in breast tissue. 3) Caucasian population frequency of the minor alleles. gDNA was extracted from the plasma buffy coat by a Qiagen kit, followed by TaqMan genotyping assays (Applied Biosystems). The NAF and serum level of estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), progesterone (P4), testosterone (T), androstenedione (A4), and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were measured by immunoassay. Hormone levels were compared across genotype groups using the ANCOVA in SAS (age-adjusted significance p &amp;lt; 0.05). Results: (See the Table) Conclusions: There is no data yet to show that NAF hormone content is related to breast cancer risk. This hypothesis will be tested in our on-going study. Locally regulated biosynthesis and clearance of hormones from the breast seems likely. Our data support such a phenomenon, since NAF correlations with functional enzyme SNPs are more frequent than with serum. The significant relationships between SNPs and NAF hormones, not seen with the same serum hormone, support the notion that they are determinants of breast cancer risk. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4466. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4466
AB0699 Discordance between physician’S and parent’s global assessments in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: S. Shyen, B. Amine, S. Rostom, D. El Badri, N. Mawani, M. Ezzahri, F. Moussa, S. Gueddari, M. Wabi, R. Abouqal, B. Chkirat, N. Hajjaj-Hassouni
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the discrepancy between physician's and parent's global assessments of disease status and the factors explaining discordance in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). <h3>Methods</h3> A cross-sectional study was conducted on 47 children with JIA. The diagnosis of JIA was made according to the criteria of the International League of Association of Rheumatology (ILAR). Parent's evaluation was based on an overall assessment of the disease by the mother. A discordance score was calculated by subtracting the physician's global assessment from that of the parent's, leading to the definition of three patient groups: (1) no discordance, when physician's and parent's assessments were within 1 cm of each other; (2) negative discordance, when parent's assessment was underrated relative to the physician; and (3) positive discordance, when parent's assessment was over-rated relative to the physician. <h3>Results</h3> Forty-seven patients were included (28 male, 19 female); mean age was11.59 ± 3.35 years. The mean disease duration of JIA was 4 [2-6] years, with a predominance of oligoarticular 12 cases (25.5%). Concerning the mothers, 43 (91.5%) were housewives, with a mean age of 38.5 ± 8.5 years. No discordance was found in 23 (48.9%) patients. Negative discordance was found in 4 patients (8.5%). Positive discordance was found in 20 patients (42.6%). The positive discrepancy was statistically significant in patients who have increased articular index (p = 0.033), and patient VAS pain (0.008). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Parents and physicians often perceive the health status of children with JIA differently, with the most negative perception among parents, suggesting that parent's evaluation should be taken into account when defining the clinical activity of the disease. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Case 36-2004
Authors: Joan M. Stoler, Natalia T. Leach, Patricia K. Donahoe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A male infant was noted to have severe hypospadias and ambiguous genitalia at birth. By one week of age, he began vomiting after even small feedings. An evaluation disclosed no evidence of maternal or fetal infection or prenatal exposure to toxins. On examination, he had slightly dysmorphic facies and axial and appendicular hypotonia. A diagnostic test was performed.
Initial trimming followed by complete removal of an esophageal self-expandable metal stent for stent-related symptoms
Authors: Takeshi Tsujino, John Lee, Kenneth Chang
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

Placement of long, protruding self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) into the gastrointestinal lumen may cause related symptoms. A few reports have described the usefulness of argon plasma coagulation (APC) for trimming or fenestrating a SEMS [1] [2] [3] [4]. We report a trimming technique for a covered SEMS in the esophagus using APC in a retrograde fashion, followed by its complete removal.
A3.28 Screening of sphingolipids in SLE – before and after treatment
Authors: Helena Idborg, Antonio Checa, Daniel Sar, Per-Johan Jakobsson, Craig Wheelock, Iva Gunnarsson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a heterogeneous presentation of symptoms from joints, skin, kidneys, central nervous system, lungs, and the cardiovascular system. There is no cure for SLE and the development of drugs are hampered due to the heterogeneity of the disease. Therefore, it is important to understand and differentiate underlying biological pathways to predict prognosis and guide the choice of drugs for the individual patient. New prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers are thus imperative in SLE. Sphingolipids are bioactive signalling molecules involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has been found in increased serum concentrations in juvenile-onset SLE and ceramides and S1P might be involvedin mediating advanced vascular disease in SLE mice. In addition S1P agonist (Fingolimod) is investigated for treatment of SLE. Therefore, sphingolipids are important compounds to study in respect to SLE pathogenesis. Rituximab is a B-cell-targeting therapy and despite failure in two recent controlled trials, there has been a world-wide off-label use of Rituximab in the treatment of severe SLE. The mechanism of Rituximab is not fully understood and one reason for failed clinical trials is the difficulties in measuring endpoints, <i>i.e.</i>, lack of biomarkers. Our objective is to study sphingolipids in patients treated with Rituximab in order to investigate the mechanism of Rituximab and suggest potential biomarkers to follow treatment. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Ten SLE patients were screened for 34 different sphingolipids before and after treatment with Rituximab (n = 20). EDTA-plasma samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and analysed by LC-MS/MS. <h3>Results</h3> Sphingolipids were generally found to be down-regulated in SLE patients after treatment with Rituximab. Significant differences comparing before and after treatment were found for dihydroceramide C16:0 (p = 0.04) and glycosylceramide C16:0 (p = 0.006) on group level and for additional seven sphingolipids significance was reached comparing paired samples. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results show that the sphingolipids are affected in SLE patients when treated with Rituximab and might be involved in SLE pathogenesis and therefore important drug targets to investigate further. Sphingolipids also show potential as therapeutic biomarkers of response to treatment.
Inflammatory Skin Diseases, T Cells, and Immune Surveillance
Authors: C Robert, T S Kupper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Skin is the primary interface between the body and the environment. The spectrum of insults to which skin is susceptible includes disorders caused by chemical and microbial agents, thermal and electromagnetic radiation, and mechanical trauma. The most damaging consequence of the disruption of skin is invasion by pathogenic microorganisms, and the need for an effective means of protection against this challenge has been a fundamental force behind the evolution of the immune system. The translation of insults into cutaneous inflammation (innate immunity) and the recruitment of memory T lymphocytes that have clonally expanded in response to antigens encountered at the . . .