tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE APPROPRIATENESS OF PPI PRESCRIPTION IN A GENERAL MEDICAL COHORT
Authors: N Moran, E Jones, A O'Toole, S Patchett, G Harewood, F Murray
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most commonly prescribed groups of drug in Ireland, and at great expense. In addition PPIs are associated with side effects. Anecdotally, many patients receive regular PPI treatment for poorly defined reasons and for conditions where PPIs have not been shown to be of benefit. <h3>Aims/Background</h3> To assess practices surrounding PPI prescription in acute medical admissions in a tertiary referral centre. <h3>Method</h3> In the emergency department, we obtained details of all non-elective admissions during one week from 6th–10th February 2013. We reviewed admission notes to document PPI prescription prior to admission and questioned patients as to whether they knew the duration and indication of their PPI treatment. <h3>Results</h3> In total, 102 patients were included, 54 female (53%) and 48 male (47%). The median age was 67 (range 19–88 years). 35.4 % (n=36) were on a PPI on admission. The indication for PPI treatment was documented in 8.3 % of patients. 7.8 % (n=8) were commenced on a PPI on admission. Following patient interviews, 35% (n=12) identified a reason for ongoing PPI use. 65% (n=24) were unclear as to why they were taking a PPI regularly. Indications included GI protection and subjective symptoms of dyspepsia. <h3>Conclusion</h3> As PPI use has become more widespread, and in particular with the recent advent of OTC formulations, doctors are less likely to question the original indication for patients9 prescription. In fact, patients themselves are often unaware of why they are taking these particular medications.
Treatment of Hyperthyroidism with a Single Daily Dose of Propylthiouracil
Authors: Monte A. Greer, Walter C. Meihoff, Hugo Studer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

SINCE the introduction of antithyroid-drug therapy for the treatment of hyperthyroidism by Astwood1 in 1943 a variety of therapeutic programs and specific drugs have been proposed. However, in the United States, therapy is generally limited to one of two thionamide derivatives, propylthiouracil and methimazole. Both these compounds are relatively nontoxic and are used as a definitive form of medical management, in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy or, occasionally, to ensure some control of the disease in the period after therapy with radioactive iodine while one is waiting for the radiation effect to become manifest.Although the efficacy of . . .
2016 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on the Role of Non-Statin Therapies for LDL-Cholesterol Lowering in the Management of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Authors: Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Pamela B. Morris, Christie M. Ballantyne, Kim K. Birtcher, David D. Daly, Sondra M. DePalma, Margo B. Minissian, Carl E. Orringer, Sidney C. Smith
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Abstract 4166: MicroRNA-449a enhances radiosensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma cells.
Authors: Yi-Jyun Liu, Yu-Fen Lin, Yi-Fan Chen, En-Ching Luo, Yuh-Ping Sher, Mong-Hsun Tsai, Eric Y. Chuang, Liang-Chuan Lai
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Radiotherapy is often applied for treating lung cancer, but it often fails because of the relative non-susceptibility of lung cancer cells to radiation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to modulate the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells and have the potential to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to identify a miRNA that can adjust radiosensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Two lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (CL1-0 and CL1-5) with different metastatic ability and radiosensitivity were used. In order to understand the regulatory mechanisms of differential radiosensitivity in these isogenic tumor cells, both CL1-0 and CL1-5 were treated with 10 Gy radiation, and were harvested respectively at 0, 1, 4, and 24 h after radiation exposure. The changes in expression of miRNA upon irradiation were examined using Illumina Human microRNA BeadChips. Twenty-five miRNAs were identified as having differential expression post-irradiation in CL1-0 or CL1-5 cells. Among these miRNAs, miR-449a, which was down-regulated in CL1-0 cells at 24 h after irradiation, was chosen for further investigation. Overexpression of miR-449a in CL1-0 cells effectively increased irradiation-induced DNA damage and apoptosis, altered the cell cycle distribution and eventually led to sensitization of CL1-0 to irradiation. Citation Format: Yi-Jyun Liu, Yu-Fen Lin, Yi-Fan Chen, En-Ching Luo, Yuh-Ping Sher, Mong-Hsun Tsai, Eric Y. Chuang, Liang-Chuan Lai. MicroRNA-449a enhances radiosensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4166. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4166
CD44 -- A New Prognostic Marker for Neuroblastoma
Authors: M.C. Favrot, V. Combaret, C. Lasset
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

To the Editor: CD44 is a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions1. CD44 isoforms are expressed during progression and metastasis in colon and breast cancer and ...
AB0691 Arterial APS (AAPS): clinical and laboratory findings in a cohort of 28 patients:
Authors: A. Kuzenko, L. Sosso, B. Montaruli, M.E. Rovere, I. Castagno, F. Crema, E. Napolitano, E. Silvestro, A. Bonzano, S. Sciascia, M.T. Bertero
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> To our knowledge the most complete study of vascular manifestations of APS was published in 2002 (1), using the Sapporo criteria. There are no recent papers on arterial manifestations of APS using the Miyakis 2006 criteria (2). High risk of recurrence is reported in triple positivity for aPL. (3). <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate immunological, neurological, cardiological and laboratory findings in patients with aAPS. <h3>Methods</h3> Multidisciplinary evaluation of 28 consecutive patients diagnosed with APS (Miyakis criteria), with at least one arterial manifestation proved with imaging studies. <h3>Results</h3> 19 women and 9 men (mean age 45, range 27-70) were diagnosed with APS according to Miyakis criteria, with total of 43 vascular events. 9 of them had isolated APS, 12 associated with SLE/UCTD and 7 with other autoimmune diseases. Clinical and laboratory features are shown in the following Table: All patients presented cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, arterial hypertension, hypercolesterolemia, obesity, family history for Coronary Artery Disease), more factors being present in male patients. Thrombophilia study resulted negative in 18, positive for heterozygosity of the factor II in 3, hyperhomocysteinemia in 1 and elevated factor VIII level in 1 case. The neurological evaluation revealed 17 cases of headache, 8 of depression, 7 of cognitive deficit and 3 of seizures. Livedo reticularis was present in 8 patients, all with cerebrovascular events and alterations in magnetic resonance imaging. The echocardiographic study revealed preserved ejection fraction (60-70%) in all cases. Females presented severe valvulopathies in 2, moderate mitralic regurgitation in 3 and mild aortic and mitralic regurgitation in 2 cases. Pulmonary artery pressure was elevated in 2 (45 and 49 mm Hg) and the diastolic function was altered in 2 patients. Male patients showed signs of accelerated atherosclerosis. 3 female patients had both vascular and obstetric morbidity; 16 with only vascular manifestations had uneventful pregnancies with good neonatal outcome. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Stroke is the most frequent arterial event in APS. All aAPS patients present cardiovascular risk factors. Ecocardiographic study is advisable in aAPS patients in order to exclude silent valvulopathies. Recurrences correlate with triple antiphospholipid positivity.Female aAPS patients do not seem to experience pregnancy morbidity. <h3>References</h3> Miyakis et al. J Thromb Haemost 2006;4:295-306. Cervera et al. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:1019-27. Pengo et al. J Thromb Haemost 2010;8:237-42 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
FRI0277 Arterial stiffness in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients: a controlled study
Authors: K. Sacre, B. Escoubet, M. Chauchard, M.-P. Chauveheid, M.-C. Zennaro, T. Papo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Arterial stiffness reflects changes in mechanical properties of vascular wall that occurs early with onset of vascular disease and may be a reliable surrogate marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in SLE (1,2). <h3>Objectives</h3> To characterize the role for traditional and non-traditional CVD risk factors on arterial stiffness in SLE patients and if and how arterial stiffness impacts on SLE-associated feature such as renal function. <h3>Methods</h3> Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was prospectively assessed as a measure for arterial stiffness in 42 SLE patients asymptomatic for CVD and 36 age- and sex-matched controls. Vascular disease evaluation included measurements of brachial pulse pressure (PP), common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), and internal carotid artery wall thickness (ICWT). Risk factors for CVD and SLE disease history were analyzed. <h3>Results</h3> Forty-two SLE patients and 36 controls were studied. All SLE patients were receiving hydroxychloroquine. All received long-term glucocorticoids and 28 (66.7%) were still under prednisone at a mean daily dose of 9 mg (range: 5-17) at study time. Twenty-eight received immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory drugs at some points during follow-up. Five patients had antiphospholipid syndrome. Classical cardiovascular risks distribution did not differ between controls and SLE patients (Table 1) PWV was higher in SLE patients than controls (7.1 ±1.6 m/s vs 6.4 + 1 m/s; p=0.03) and correlated with PP (r<sup>2</sup>=0.21, p=0.002), IMT (r<sup>2</sup>=0.11, p=0.03) and ICWT (r<sup>2</sup>=0.39, p&lt;0.0001). PWV was associated with older age (r<sup>2</sup>=0.21, p=0.002), higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) (r<sup>2</sup>=0.44, p&lt;0.0001) and higher cumulative glucocorticoid therapy (r<sup>2</sup>=0.14, p=0.01). The impact of SBP on PWV was higher in SLE patients than controls (p=0.0004). Eventually, impaired renal function assessed by the reduction of glomerular rate filtration correlated with PWV in SLE (r=-0.52, p=0.0004). No statistical relationship was found between PWV and Framingham score, body mass index, SELENA SLEDAI score, duration of SLE disease, cholesterol, HbA1c, homocystein and, 25(OH)-D3 vitamin. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Despite a low risk for CVD according to traditional factors, PWV was higher in SLE patients as compared to controls. Age, SBP and glucocorticoid therapy are associated with increased arterial stiffness. Conversely, arterial stiffness contributes to alter renal function in SLE patients. <h3>References</h3> Cacciapaglia F, et al. Lupus 2009;18:249-256 Chin CW, et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2012 [Epub ahead of print] <b>Disclosure of Interest</b>: None Declared
Abstract 3742: Gene-environment Interactions in esophageal adenocarcinoma risk: A case-only analysis
Authors: Rihong Zhai, Yang Zhao, Geoffrey Liu, Monica Ter-Minassian, Zhaoxi Wang, I-Chen Wu, Li Su, Kofi Asomaning, Feng Chen, Matthew H. Kulke, Xihong Lin, Rebecca S. Heist, John C. Wain, David C. Christiani
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) has increased approximately 500% in Western countries over the last four decades. The rapidly increasing incidence and sporadically development feature of EA suggest that gene-environment (G-E) interactions dominate the etiology. However, how G-E contributes to EA carcinogenesis is still poorly understood. We used a case-only approach to test the effect of G-E interactions in the occurrence of EA. 1330 functional and/or tagging SNPs selected from 354 cancer-associated genes were genotyped in 335 Caucasian EA cases. G-E (gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, GERD; BMI; and smoking) interactions were assessed by a two-step approach. First, we applied random forest (RF) to screen for important SNPs that had main effects as well as interaction effects. Second, we used case-only logistic regression (LR) models to estimate the G-E interaction effect, adjusting for covariates and false-discovery rate (FDR). RF analyses identified three sets of SNPs (94 SNPs-GERD, 38 SNPs-smoking, and 44 SNPs-BMI, respectively) that had the highest importance scores and lowest classification error rates. Further case-only LR analysis revealed that multiple interaction markers were significantly associated with EA risk: GERD*rs2237051 of EGF(OR = 1.39, P = 3.50E-07), GERD*rs2440 of XRCC5 (OR = 1,80, P = 0.0008), GERD*rs2237051*rs2440 (OR = 1.85, P = 0.004), smoking*rs10842514 of KRAS (OR = 0.85, P = 0.012), BMI*rs2305742 of IL12RB1 (OR = 0.84, P = 0.003), BMI*rs11568820 of VDR (OR = 0.97, P = 0.0005), BMI*rs11244142 of ABL1 (OR = 1.47, P = 2.09E-05), BMI*rs2800975 of XPA*rs743572 of CYP17A (OR = 3.62, P = 0.0009), and BMI*rs11244142*rs20547 of IL13 (OR = 1.89, P = 0.023). These results indicate that genetic variability may contribute to EA development through interactions with environmental factors. Our data also suggest that G-E interactions may be G- and E-specific in modulating the risk of EA. Supported by grants: NIH grants CA92824, CA74386, CA90578, and CA119650); Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute (FAMRI) grant 062459_YCSA; the Kevin Jackson Memorial Fund and Alan Brown Chair of Molecular Genomics. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3742. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3742
The Ovaries in Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: Angelo Iannaccone, J. Lester Gabrilove, Arthur R. Sohval, Louis J. Soffer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

BECAUSE most studies of patients with Cushing's syndrome have been concerned with other considerations, relatively little attention has been devoted to the ovaries. Indeed, to our knowledge, there are no reports dealing primarily with the ovarian findings in this disease. Scattered, incidental allusions to ovarian changes appear in Cushing's original article1 and in subsequent publications by other investigators.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 In general, the reported observations are quite variable and lacking in agreement and consistency.The purpose of the present communication is to report on the morphologic status of the ovaries obtained at post-mortem examination from 10 patients with Cushing's syndrome. The ovaries . . .
A Novel Subtype of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Characterized by a Rapid Onset and an Absence of Diabetes-Related Antibodies
Authors: Akihisa Imagawa, Toshiaki Hanafusa, Jun-ichiro Miyagawa, Yuji Matsuzawa
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is now classified as autoimmune (type 1A) or idiopathic (type 1B), but little is known about the latter. We classified 56 consecutive Japanese adults with type 1 diabetes according to the presence or absence of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (their presence is a marker of autoimmunity) and compared their clinical, serologic, and pathological characteristics.
Abstract 3327: Leptin receptors are expressed in breast cancer stem cells and leptin promotes their self-renewal and survival in mice
Authors: Qiao Zheng, Sarah Smith, Jinling Zhu, Erin Downs-Kelly, Stephen D Hursting, Jeremy N Rich, Nathan A Berger, Ofer Reizes
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are highly important in Breast cancer because they represent a subset of cancer cells that are generally undifferentiated, capable of self-renewal, resistant to therapy, and contribute to post-therapeutic tumor regrowth. CSCs can drive the malignant process and may generate the non-renewing differentiated cancer cells that comprise the bulk of the tumor. Here we show that in the Murine Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV)-Wnt-1 transgenic mouse, a model of basal-like human breast tumors, leptin promotes tumorigenesis and the survival of breast CSCs. We show that leptin deficiency results in reduced outgrowth and burden of transplanted tumors. Second, leptin deficiency leads to depletion of cancer cells with a stem cell molecular signature. Third, the functional importance of the reduced cells is demonstrated by the fact that tumors from leptin-deficient mice led to reduced tumor outgrowth in vivo. Fourth, breast CSC enriched populations express the full-length leptin receptor. Finally, leptin promotes the viability of CSC enriched populations and increases tumorsphere generation in vitro. These results identify a critical role for leptin stimulation of breast CSCs and provide a strong suggestion that interfering with leptin signaling either via receptor blockade or a downstream pathway may provide therapeutic benefit. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3327. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3327
TC-325 application leading to transient obstruction of a post-sphincterotomy biliary orifice
Authors: S. Moosavi, Y. Chen, A. Barkun
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

TC-325 (Hemospray, Cook Medical Inc., Bloomington, Indiana, USA), a novel endoscopic hemostatic powder has been approved in many countries for nonvariceal gastrointestinal bleeding. It consists of a proprietary inorganic powder, which, when put in contact with moisture, becomes coherent and adhesive, creating a mechanical barrier and effecting hemostasis. Preliminary results in benign and malignant upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding are promising [1] [2] [3] [4]. Optimal indications and technical limitations are still being characterized [5].
Speech deficits as plot devices in novels
Authors: Richard Sainsbury
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2013)

P Perkins1 appears to have misunderstood the key messages of our paper ‘Neurological speech deficits as plot devices in novels’2 entirely. We pointed out that, unsurprisingly, characters with stroke commonly appear in novels. In each novel discussed the fact that a key protagonist had suffered a speech deficit, presumably as a result of a stroke, significantly altered the plot of the novel. In discussing the various characters, we suggested some possibilities for the speech disorder but we were not seeking to make precise diagnoses. The influence on the novel's plot and not the diagnosis of the speech deficit was our point of interest.

We disagree with Perkins' apparent suggestion that medical diagnosis and treatment in novels should be confined to fictional doctors or medically qualified authors and fail to see how the number of medical references in Conan Doyle's work has any relevance to our paper. As RS Downie points out, there are a variety of ways in which literature has influenced medicine and vice versa.3 Literature can also remind us that what is scientifically typical appears in unique forms in individual patients.3 It would be a dull world indeed if medical matters in literature were confined to doctors, real or fictionary, alone. One of the joys of reading the JRSM over many years has been the wide variety of discussions and interpretations of medicine in literature. Long may that continue.
ET-02 * THERAPEUTICALLY ENGINEERED INDUCED NEURAL STEM CELLS ARE TUMOR-HOMING AND INHIBIT PROGRESSION OF GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: A. Alfonso-Pecchio, J. Bago', O. Okolie, R. Dumitru, S. Hingtgen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Transdifferentiation (TD) is an exciting new advancement in somatic cell reprogramming that eliminates the pluripotent intermediate stage to create cells that are ideal for personalized cell transplant therapy. Induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) are the newest cell type created by TD. Here we begin to define the efficacy of iNSC therapy for central nervous system disorders. We developed the first iNSC-based drug deliver vehicles, and show that engineered iNSCs are tumor-homing drug delivery vehicles with significant anti-cancer effects in models of glioblastoma (GBM). After genetically engineering iNSCs with tumoricidal or diagnostic transgenes, we observed that the modified iNSCs proliferated and differentiated into astrocytes and neurons with the same efficiency as unmodified cells. Non-invasive serial imaging revealed that engineered iNSCs implanted into the parenchyma of mice survived more than 1 month. In vitro time-lapse motion analysis showed iNSCs exhibit tumor-homing properties similar to brain-derived NSCs, while iNSCs implanted into the frontal lobe of mice migrated through the brain homing to invasive GBM cells. iNSCs engineered with the anti-cancer molecule TRAIL (iNSC-sTR) stably released the tumoricidal agent and killed co-cultured human GBM cells. We evaluated iNSC-sTR therapy in orthotopic mouse models of solid and patient-derived diffuse GBM. We found that iNSC-sTR therapy reduced GBM volumes 20- to 230-fold and doubled the survival of tumor-bearing mice compared to control mice. These data provide the first evidence that tumoricidal iNSCs can be used to efficaciously treat brain cancer, and provide a foundation for the continued development of iNSC-based therapies.