tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AB0434 Etanercept Injection Decreases Plasma Nitrotyrosine and Increases Plasma MCP-1 in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Y.P. Tsao, C.Y. Chen, C.Y. Tsai, D.M. Chang
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by chronic systemic inflammation that can result in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can then increase the production of superoxides including nitric oxide that lead to the formation of pro-oxidant peroxynitrite. Due to a difficulty in quantifying peroxynitrite, nitrotyrosine is proposed as a surrogate marker for peroxynitrite production. Raised levels of nitrotyrosine have been reported in RA patients. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, or CCL2) is a chemoattractant for monocytes, which are implicated in the pathogenesis of RA or other diseases. The effect of etanercept therapy on changes in nitrotyrosine and MCP-1 in RA patients in terms of amelioration of inflammation remains obscure. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the effects of etanercept on the plasma nitrotyrosine and MCP-1 levels. <h3>Methods</h3> 40 RA patients failing to respond to conventional DMARDs underwent etanercept (25 mg biw) therapy. Nitrotyrosine and MCP-1 in plasma were quantified by EIAs before, 3m, &amp; 12m after the therapy. 15 age-matched RA patients who did not receive biologics served as controls. <h3>Results</h3> A significant decrease in nitrotyrosine was observed 3m &amp; 12m after therapy (both <i>p</i> &lt;0.001) compared to those found in the controls (<i>p</i>=0.296 at 1 yr). On the other hands, a significant increase in MCP-1 was observed also 3m &amp; 12m after the therapy (<i>p</i>=0.001 at 3m and <i>p</i>&lt;0.001 at 12m) compared to those found in the controls (<i>p</i>=0.317 at 1 yr). No patients experienced major side effects including infections or mortality during the treatments. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Nitrotyrosine decreased and MCP-1 increased significantly after etanercept therapy in RA patients, suggesting that oxidative stress in RA patients can be effectively attenuated by anti-TNF agents. These effects can occur as early as 3 months. The relationship between the fluctuation of nitrotyrosine and MCP-1 deserves further investigations. <h3>References</h3> Arnett FC, et al. Arthritis Rheum 1988; 31: 315-24. Ceriello A, et al. Diabetologia 2001; 44: 834-8. Hayakawa E, et al. J Atheroscler Thromb 2012; 19: 13-22. Misko TP, et al. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21: 151-6. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: John Figgis Jewett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

COMMITTEE ON MATERNAL WELFAREPulmonary Stenosis, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Bronchopneumonia and AtelectasisA thirty-three-year-old gravida 2, para 1, with severe kyphoscoliosis and congenital heart disease died suddenly on the fifth day after a cesarean section at term.Three years before, pregnancy had ended spontaneously at seven months with pelvic delivery of a stillborn erythroblastotic infant.During the current pregnancy, prenatal care was meticulous, and she was free from cardiac or other symptoms. She was 138 cm. (4 feet, 6 1/2 inches) tall and had extreme kyphoscoliosis, which practically obliterated the right pleural cavity. X-ray measurements showed a generally contracted pelvis, the . . .
LICs Of APL-Like Leukemia Lead a Step-Wise and Divergent Differentiation Course
Authors: Xiang-Zhen Liu, Jian-Min Dai, Fei Ding, Jing Ding, Juan Chen, Ning Guo, Wu Zhang, Jun-ming Li, Sai-juan Chen, Zhu Chen, Zhen-Yi Wang, Jiang Zhu
Journal: Blood (2013)
Ascertainment of meningococcal disease in Europe
Authors: C Trotter, S Samuelsson, A Perrocheau, S de Greeff, H de Melker, S Heuberger, M Ramsay
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2005)

Meningococcal disease surveillance in most countries is based upon a combination of statutory notification systems and laboratory reporting, both of which are recognised to underestimate the true burden of disease. The incidence of meningococcal disease varies throughout Europe, and although there are many reasons for this, it is important to quantify the degree of under-ascertainment in order to validate international comparisons. Here, we review the literature on the ascertainment of meningococcal disease in Europe and the available methods for estimating the degree of under-reporting. We found that the sensitivity of surveillance varies between countries and over time, with estimates ranging from 40% to 96%. We identified five methods suitable for conducting ascertainment studies, from simple comparative studies to more complicated capture-recapture and regression analyses. Studies of ascertainment may be used to identify weaknesses and biases in surveillance data, and facilitate the improvement of these systems. These findings are relevant to the surveillance of other infectious diseases, particularly those with lower mortality and a lower public profile than meningococcal disease, for which ascertainment may be worse.
Case 25-1968
Authors: Lot B. Page, Martin H. Flax
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Presentation of Case First admission. A twenty-six-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of pain in the abdomen.He had been well until four months previously, when there was the onset of abdominal cramps, without diarrhea or melena. One month later an appendectomy was performed at another hospital. Postoperatively, fecal material issued from a drain site; the drain was removed, but the drainage of fecal material continued. During the three months before entry he experienced postprandial abdominal cramps and lost 15 pounds in weight.On admission the lungs and heart were normal. On examination of the abdomen tenderness . . .
AB0941 Osteoarticular Tuberculosis: Clinical and Therapeutic Features (About 42 Cases)
Authors: Z. Alaya, M. Bouzaouche, K. Baccouche, H. Zaghouani, D. Amri, S. Belghali, H. Zeglaoui, E. Bouajina
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Osteoarticular tuberculosis (OAT) is still common and represents 2-5% of all tuberculosis and 11 to 15% of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. It rather affects spine and weight-bearing joints. <h3>Objectives</h3> The objective of our study was to describe the clinical, biological, radiological and therapeutic aspects of osteoarticular tuberculosis. <h3>Methods</h3> This is a retrospective study of 42 cases of OAT collected in the Department of Rheumatology over a period of 16 years [1998-2014]. <h3>Results</h3> Our population consists of 23 men and 19 women. The mean age was 52 years [18-83]. Comorbidities noted were diabetes in 4 cases and chronic renal failure in 2 cases. Tuberculous contact was found in 4 cases. Alteration of the general state and night sweats were found in 5 cases. Tuberculous spondylodiscitis was diagnosed in 29 patients which interested lumbar spine in 16 case, thoracic spine in 10 cases and cervical spine in 3 cases. An extra-spinal bone tuberculosis was observed in 13 cases touching knees in 5 cases, hip in 5 cases, wrist in one case, sacroiliac in one case and greater trochanter in one case. A multifocal osteoarticular tuberculosis was observed in 3 patients. Symptoms were dominated by inflammatory pain found in 34 cases. Psoas abscess was noted in 3 cases, paravertebral abscess in 9 cases and multiple abscesses in one case. A biological inflammatory syndrome was present in 35 patients. Plain radiographs were abnormal in 23 cases. They objectified disc space narrowing in 18 cases and erosion of the vertebral endplates in 3 cases. CT was performed in 12 cases and MRI in 22 cases having confirmed bone disease in all cases. The tuberculin test was positive in 7 cases. The search of koch bacillus in the sputum was positive in 4 cases, in the urine in 2 cases and in joint fluid in 11 cases. An histological confirmation was obtained in 11 cases. The tuberculous origin was retained in other cases based on clinical and radiological data. All patients were put on anti tuberculosis treatment with a total treatment duration of 12 months on average. Surgical drainage of abscesses was performed in 5 cases. <h3>Conclusions</h3> OAT still common in Tunisia because of the endemicity of tuberculosis. There are still severe forms of the disease. Isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is difficult. The diagnosis is often based on a beam of arguments. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Dietary Fat Consumption and Survival Among Women With Breast Cancer<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>
Authors: D I Gregorio, L J Emrich, S Graham, J R Marshall, T Nemoto
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

An historical prospective study was conducted to examine the relationship of dietary fat intake to disease progression and length of survival of 953 women with breast cancer. Estimates of monthly fat intake were based on patient responses about usual frequency of consuming 33 foods and beverages prior to symptom onset. Average estimated monthly fat intake did not vary by stage of disease at diagnosis. When controlling for disease stage and patient age at diagnosis, the estimated risk of death at any time increased 1.4-fold for each 1,000 g in monthly fat intake. Separate analysis by disease stage showed this association to be most pronounced for subjects with advanced disease. The need for future studies to incorporate clinical and pathologic factors in the analysis, to distinguish between sources of dietary fat intake, and to ascertain dietary patterns subsequent to breast cancer diagnosis was noted.
New Edges of RNA Adenosine Methylation Modifications
Authors: Ye Wang, Guifang Jia
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2016)

Recently an article published in Molecular Cell reveals the mechanism of a nuclear N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) reader, the YTH domain-containing protein 1 (YTHDC1), in regulating pre-mRNA splicing [1].Meanwhile, two additional articles published in Nature and Nature Chemical Biology report the first transcriptome-wide maps of N 1 -methyladenosine (m 1 A) at high resolution, suggesting a functional role for m 1 A in translation regulation [2,3].
Expression and activation of mTOR in neuroendocrine tumors. Effects of mTOR inhibition by RAD001 upon growth, cell cycle regulation and signalling in neuroendocrine cell lines
Authors: D. Hörsch, S. Tielke, J. Schrader
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

10570 Background: Molecular pathogenesis of neuroendocrine tumors of the digestive tract is largely unknown. We examined paraffin sections of different types of neuroendocrine tumors for expression of activated kinases involved in regulation of growth and protection against apoptosis. In addition, we studied effects of a newly developed inhibitor of mTOR (RAD001) upon growth, cell cycle regulation and signaling in two different neuroendocrine cell lines. Methods: Immunohistochemistry with antibodies for native and activated signaling kinases was performed on paraffin sections. MTT assays were used to determine growth rates of neuroendocrine cell lines and FACS analysis was performed for cell cycle analysis. Immunoblotting revealed activation of kinases. Results: Extracellular activated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), cAMP regulated element binding protein (CREB), protein kinase B (PKB) and mTOR were expressed in the majority of insulinomas (n = 40) and serotonin-producing neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids, n = 49). Phosphorylated forms of these kinases corresponding to their activated state were also detected in these tumors. Most neuroendocrine tumors expressed high levels of activated CREB, PKB and mTOR whereas phosphorylated ERK1/2 was present only a minority of dNETs. Inhibition of mTOR kinase by different concentrations of RAD001 induced growth arrest in insulinoma (INS-1) and human neuroendocrine serotonin-producing cells (BON) in concentrations between 10 and 100 nM. Interestingly, we observed pronounced synergism between octrotide and RAD001 upon growth inhibition in these cell lines. Growth inhibition by RAD001 corresponded to decreased S-phase and increased G0/G1 peak in cell cycle analysis. RAD001 inhibited effectively phosphorylation of mTOR with an IC50 of 10 nM. However, we observed only minor inhibition of PKB and CREB by RAD001 and partial inhibition of ERK signaling by RAD in concentrations between 100 nM and 1 μM. Conclusions: mTOR is expressed and activated in different neuroendocrine tumors and inhibition of mTOR by RAD001 induces growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and decreased signaling by mTOR and ERK1/2 in neuroendcrine cell lines INS-1 and BON. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The psychiatrist's responsibility and the public trust
Authors: P G Bourne
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

The author notes that psychiatrists alone can change the public image of their profession. This image has been tarnished in the past by grandiose claims of psychiatry's ability to right social wrongs, by the perceived lack of scientific underpinnings of the discipline, and by internal disputes within the profession. If they are to gain the public trust, psychiatrists must determine for themselves what unique skills they have to offer and how they can best provide their knowledge and expertise to the public in an effective and credible way.
Stem cell-based therapies for tumors in the brain: are we there yet?
Authors: Khalid Shah
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

Advances in understanding adult stem cell biology have facilitated the development of novel cell-based therapies for cancer. Recent developments in conventional therapies (eg, tumor resection techniques, chemotherapy strategies, and radiation therapy) for treating both metastatic and primary tumors in the brain, particularly glioblastoma have not resulted in a marked increase in patient survival. Preclinical studies have shown that multiple stem cell types exhibit inherent tropism and migrate to the sites of malignancy. Recent studies have validated the feasibility potential of using engineered stem cells as therapeutic agents to target and eliminate malignant tumor cells in the brain. This review will discuss the recent progress in the therapeutic potential of stem cells for tumors in the brain and also provide perspectives for future preclinical studies and clinical translation.
AB0454 Generation of a Monoclonal Antibody Against Adiponectin Isoforms (HMW/MMW) for a Therapeutic Antibody Against Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: H.-I. Yang, K.-S. Kim, H.-W. Kim, S.-J. Hong
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Adiponectin isoforms (HMW/MMW) appears to be more involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) than LMW isoform. <h3>Objectives</h3> The purpose of this study was to generate monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific to different adiponectin isoforms to develop a therapeutic agent for RA patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Hybridoma cells producing monoclonal antibody were generated by fusing FO myeloma cells (ATCC) with splenic B cells from female Balb/c mice that were immunized with recombinant human adiponectin monomer. Hybridoma cells that produced MAbs recognizing human adiponectin isoforms were screened by ELISA and Western blots. <h3>Results</h3> The MAb from hybridoma clone KH8-26 recognized mainly the middle molecular weight (MMW, hexamer) and weakly low molecular weight (LMW, trimer) isoforms of adiponectin in human serum while the KH8-3 MAb detected only MMW (hexamer) adiponectin. Also, the KH4-7 clone recognized the high molecular weight (HMW, multimer) and MMW adiponectin. These MAbs also recognized adiponectin in adipose tissue. In addition, they recognized the MMW adiponectin mostly in mouse, rat, horse and human serum. The MAb from clone KH4-7 effectively inhibited the increased IL-6 and IL-8 expression in adiponectin-stimulated human osteoblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). This result suggests that MAb treatment may decrease the inflammation induced by adiponectin. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In conclusion, MAbs against recombinant human adiponectin monomer can potentially be developed as therapeutic antibodies to target a detrimental isoform of adiponectin while maintaining the beneficial isoforms. <h3>References</h3> Arthritis Research &amp; Therapy 2009, 11:R161 Ann Rheum Dis 2012;71:1724–1732 <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> The present study was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea and funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Korea; grant nos. 2011-0009061 and 2010-0024089). <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Disulfiram encephalopathy as a cause of the catatonia syndrome
Authors: W W Weddington, R C Marks, J P Verghese
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

The authors describe a case of the catatonia syndrome associated with disulfiram therapy. Although useful in the management of chronic alcoholism, disulfiram is being increasingly associated with a wide spectrum of side effects and untoward medical sequelae, which now include catatonia. The authors note that catatonia is a clinical syndrome associated with multiple medical conditions as well as psychiatric disorders.
Quantitative Risk Assessment: Report of the Subcommittee on Environmental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Advisory Board&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;4&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: S W Samuels, R H Adamson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Quantitative Risk Assessment: Report of the Subcommittee on Environmental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Advisory Board Get access Sheldon W. Samuels, Sheldon W. Samuels Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard H. Adamson Richard H. Adamson 7 7Address reprint requests to Mr. Samuels at the address given in footnote 5 or to Dr. Adamson, Building 31, Room 11A03, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20205. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 74, Issue 4, April 1985, Pages 945–951, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/74.4.945 Published: 01 April 1985 Article history Received: 06 November 1984 Accepted: 06 November 1984 Published: 01 April 1985
Predictive validity of biochemical biomarkers in knee osteoarthritis: data from the FNIH OA Biomarkers Consortium
Authors: Virginia Byers Kraus, Jamie E Collins, David Hargrove, Elena Losina, Michael Nevitt, Jeffrey N Katz, Susanne X Wang, Linda J Sandell, Steven C Hoffmann, David J Hunter
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

To investigate a targeted set of biochemical biomarkers as predictors of clinically relevant osteoarthritis (OA) progression.Eighteen biomarkers were measured at baseline, 12 months (M) and 24 M in serum (s) and/or urine (u) of cases (n=194) from the OA initiative cohort with knee OA and radiographic and persistent pain worsening from 24 to 48 M and controls (n=406) not meeting both end point criteria. Primary analyses used multivariable regression models to evaluate the association between biomarkers (baseline and time-integrated concentrations (TICs) over 12 and 24 M, transposed to z values) and case status, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, race, baseline radiographic joint space width, Kellgren-Lawrence grade, pain and pain medication use. For biomarkers with adjusted p<0.1, the c-statistic (area under the curve (AUC)), net reclassification index and the integrated discrimination improvement index were used to further select for hierarchical multivariable discriminative analysis and to determine the most predictive and parsimonious model.The 24 M TIC of eight biomarkers significantly predicted case status (ORs per 1 SD change in biomarker): sCTXI 1.28, sHA 1.22, sNTXI 1.25, uC2C-HUSA 1.27, uCTXII, 1.37, uNTXI 1.29, uCTXIα 1.32, uCTXIβ 1.27. 24 M TIC of uCTXII (1.47-1.72) and uC2C-Human Urine Sandwich Assay (HUSA) (1.36-1.50) both predicted individual group status (pain worsening, joint space loss and their combination). The most predictive and parsimonious combinatorial model for case status consisted of 24 M TIC uCTXII, sHA and sNTXI (AUC 0.667 adjusted). Baseline uCTXII and uCTXIα both significantly predicted case status (OR 1.29 and 1.20, respectively).Several systemic candidate biomarkers hold promise as predictors of pain and structural worsening of OA.
PTU-295 Endoscopic ultrasound: changing trends over a decade
Authors: C Kavanagh, PS Phull, JS Leeds
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) is a well established modality, in particular, fine needle aspiration (FNA) is used to sample suspicious lesions. The uptake in EUS is not well documented with the number of procedures performed and their indication unknown. Understanding demand for a procedure is essential for allocating resources in an endoscopy service. Our primary aim was to examine the trends in EUS in our unit and to examine EUS-FNA sensitivity and specificity in pancreatic and non-pancreatic lesions. <h3>Method</h3> Retrospective review of all EUS procedures from 2002 until 2013 was performed. Data collected included patient demographics, indication for EUS procedure (oesophago-gastric (OG) or pancreatobiliary (PB)) and obtained FNA samples. Pathology results of FNA specimens from 2011–2013 (n = 143) were analysed further with reference to number of passes into any lesion sampled. Sensitivity and specificity rates of FNA were calculated for pancreatic and non-pancreatic lesions respectively. <h3>Results</h3> The number of EUS procedures rose from 54 in 2002 to 287 in 2013. EUS FNA started in 2006 with the purchase of a linear echoendoscope which was associated with increasing number of EUS. There was a further increase in numbers in 2011 with the appointment of an additional consultant with an interest in EUS. There was a dip in total numbers 2008–2009 due to technical issues. Overall, there was a significant increase in the number of PB EUS comparing 2002 with 2013 (9/54 vs. 207/287, p &lt; 0.0001). There was a significant increase in the number of FNA performed comparing 2002 with 2013 (0/54 vs 48/287, p = 0.0006). EUS-FNA sensitivity for solid pancreatic lesions was 61.5%, for non-pancreatic lesions it was 66% but specificity was 100% in both groups of lesions. In solid pancreatic masses, diagnostic cytology was associated with increased numbers of passes into the lesion compared to non-diagnotic cytology (median 4 passes vs. median 2 passes, p = 0.001). There was no difference number of passes for non-pancreatic lesions with respect to diagnostic cytology rates. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There has been a significant increase in the utility of EUS in our unit, particularly PB EUS. Our current EUS FNA sensitivity is not good enough but will change practice to have a minimum number of passes for each lesion type. Reassessment of this service will then be conducted to determine whether any other improvements are required. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Case 11-1982
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Raphael Dolin, Nancy L. Harris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Presentation of CaseA 29-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of chronic urticaria, proteinuria, and cryoglobulinemia.He was well until five years earlier, when episodes of diffuse urticaria developed, sometimes accompanied by edema of the tongue, lips, periorbital areas, and extremities. Most of the episodes were spontaneous, although some were precipitated by the ingestion of aspirin. Some of them were accompanied by dyspnea, without wheezing. An antihistamine provided relief of symptoms. During the year before admission he experienced increased fatigue, and for several months he observed Raynaud's phenomenon. Three months before entry he felt a firm nodule in . . .