tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Genomic Landscape of Male Breast Cancers
Authors: Salvatore Piscuoglio, Charlotte K.Y. Ng, Melissa P. Murray, Elena Guerini-Rocco, Luciano G. Martelotto, Felipe C. Geyer, Francois-Clement Bidard, Samuel Berman, Nicola Fusco, Rita A. Sakr, Carey A. Eberle, Leticia De Mattos-Arruda, Gabriel S. Macedo, Muzaffar Akram, Timour Baslan, James B. Hicks, Tari A. King, Edi Brogi, Larry Norton, Britta Weigelt, Clifford A. Hudis, Jorge S. Reis-Filho
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Male breast cancer is rare, and its genomic landscape has yet to be fully characterized. Lacking studies in men, treatment of males with breast cancer is extrapolated from results in females with breast cancer. We sought to define whether male breast cancers harbor somatic genetic alterations in genes frequently altered in female breast cancers.All male breast cancers were estrogen receptor-positive, and all but two were HER2-negative. Fifty-nine male breast cancers were subtyped by immunohistochemistry, and tumor-normal pairs were microdissected and subjected to massively parallel sequencing targeting all exons of 241 genes frequently mutated in female breast cancers or DNA-repair related. The repertoires of somatic mutations and copy number alterations of male breast cancers were compared with that of subtype-matched female breast cancers.Twenty-nine percent and 71% of male breast cancers were immunohistochemically classified as luminal A-like or luminal B-like, respectively. Male breast cancers displayed a heterogeneous repertoire of somatic genetic alterations that to some extent recapitulated that of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive/HER2-negative female breast cancers, including recurrent mutations affecting PIK3CA (20%) and GATA3 (15%). ER-positive/HER2-negative male breast cancers, however, less frequently harbored 16q losses, and PIK3CA and TP53 mutations than ER-positive/HER2-negative female breast cancers. In addition, male breast cancers were found to be significantly enriched for mutations affecting DNA repair-related genes.Male breast cancers less frequently harbor somatic genetic alterations typical of ER-positive/HER2-negative female breast cancers, such as PIK3CA and TP53 mutations and losses of 16q, suggesting that at least a subset of male breast cancers are driven by a distinct repertoire of somatic changes. Given the genomic differences, caution may be needed in the application of biologic and therapeutic findings from studies of female breast cancers to male breast cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 22(16); 4045-56. ©2016 AACR.
Relapse in recurrent unipolar depression
Authors: D J Kupfer, E Frank
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

Treatment of the acute phase of recurrent depression has become both routine and successful in the last decade, but the rates of relapse and recurrence remain a problem. In this study a combined psychopharmacologic/psychotherapeutic approach to the acute and continuation treatment of unipolar depressed patients was used. For 59 patients who completed the continuation phase of treatment, the relapse rate after 8 weeks of recovery was 8.5%. Since other recent studies of recurrent depression have reported relapse rates of 15%-22%, these results suggest that there are advantages in combined treatment.
Clinical Significance of Incidental 18F-FDG Uptake in the Pyriform Sinus Detected by PET/CT
Authors: Young Seok Cho, Seung Hwan Moon, Joon Young Choi, Yearn Seong Choe, Byung-Tae Kim, Kyung-Han Lee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

We investigated the significance of unexpected focal pyriform sinus FDG uptake and determined the ability of PET/CT parameters to identify malignancy.FDG PET/CT reports of 56,585 consecutive subjects were retrospectively reviewed, and 281 cases (0.50%) with focal pyriform sinus uptake were included. PET images were assessed for maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) and asymmetric indices of FDG activity, and CT images were evaluated for pyriform sinus narrowing. The final diagnosis was determined by tissue biopsy, laryngoscopy, radiological findings, and clinical follow-up.Among the 281 subjects, final diagnosis was pyriform sinus malignancy in 29 (10.3%) and benignity in 215 cases (76.5%). Malignant lesions had significantly higher SUVmax (9.13 ± 3.64 vs. 3.53 ± 1.01) and asymmetric index (4.16 ± 1.81 vs. 1.54 ± 0.39) compared to benign causes. Patients with malignant lesions also had higher cervical lymph node SUVmax (6.66 ± 8.79 vs. 2.76 ± 2.46, all P < 0.001). Lesion SUVmax ≥4.24 identified malignancy with a sensitivity of 93.1% and specificity of 86.5%. Asymmetric index ≥1.81 had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 89.7%.Incidentally identified focal pyriform sinus uptake on FDG PET/CT should be evaluated for possible malignancy in the presence of high SUVmax or asymmetric index.
The Growth of Pure Strain L Cells in Fluid-Suspension Cultures&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: W R EARLE, E L SCHILLING, J C BRYANT, V J EVANS
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1954)

Journal Article The Growth of Pure Strain L Cells in Fluid-Suspension Cultures Get access Wilton R. Earle, Wilton R. Earle Tissue Culture Section, Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edward L. Schilling, Edward L. Schilling Tissue Culture Section, Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jay C. Bryant, Jay C. Bryant Tissue Culture Section, Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Virginia J. Evans Virginia J. Evans Tissue Culture Section, Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 14, Issue 5, April 1954, Pages 1159–1171, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/14.5.1159 Published: 01 April 1954 Article history Received: 23 October 1953 Published: 01 April 1954
Pulmonary function testing
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Pseudomyxoma of the pleural and peritoneal cavities Figure 2 Thoracic computed tomogram: dense pleural effusion.Bronchoscopy showed no abnormality.Owing to spread of adenocarcinoma within and beyond the abdomen, surgical treatment was not indicated and he was treated with three courses of doxorubicin (Adriamycin), vincris- tine, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil, but these had little effect.Thereafter the patient remained in good general condition for several months, during which he was working, though he tired more easily after hard physical work.From August 1989 his condition deterio- rated, with increasing abdominal distension, umbilical and inguinal hernias, and progressive opacification in the left hemithorax with dis- placement of the mediastinum to the right.At that time the patient received further cytotoxic
Joint efforts needed to stop transmission of tuberculosis in Europe
Authors: M J van der Werf, M Sprenger
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

Preview this article: Joint efforts needed to stop transmission of tuberculosis in Europe, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/18/12/art20435-en-1.gif
SARS-CoV Genome Polymorphism: A Bioinformatics Study
Authors: Gordana M. Pavlović-Lažetić, Nenad S. Mitić, Andrija M. Tomović, Mirjana D. Pavlović, Miloš V. Beljanski
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2005)

Abstract A dataset of 103 SARS-CoV isolates (101 human patients and 2 palm civets) was investigated on different aspects of genome polymorphism and isolate classification. The number and the distribution of single nucleotide variations (SNVs) and insertions and deletions, with respect to a “profile”, were determined and discussed ("profile" being a sequence containing the most represented letter per position). Distribution of substitution categories per codon positions, as well as synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions in coding regions of annotated isolates, was determined, along with amino acid (a.a.) property changes. Similar analysis was performed for the spike (S) protein in all the isolates (55 of them being predicted for the first time). The ratio Ka/Ks confirmed that the S gene was subjected to the Darwinian selection during virus transmission from animals to humans. Isolates from the dataset were classified according to genome polymorphism and genotypes. Genome polymorphism yields to two groups, one with a small number of SNVs and another with a large number of SNVs, with up to four subgroups with respect to insertions and deletions. We identified three basic nine-locus genotypes: TTTT/TTCGG, CGCC/TTCAT, and TGCC/TTCGT, with four subgenotypes. Both classifications proposed are in accordance with the new insights into possible epidemiological spread, both in space and time.
Efficacy and Safety of Apixaban Compared With Warfarin in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation in Relation to Renal Function Over Time
Authors: Ziad Hijazi, Stefan H. Hohnloser, Ulrika Andersson, John H. Alexander, Michael Hanna, Matyas Keltai, Alexander Parkhomenko, José L. López-Sendón, Renato D. Lopes, Agneta Siegbahn, Christopher B. Granger, Lars Wallentin
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Renal impairment confers an increased risk of stroke, bleeding, and death in patients with atrial fibrillation. Little is known about the efficacy and safety of apixaban in relation to renal function changes over time. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate changes of renal function over time and their interactions with outcomes during a median of 1.8 years of follow-up in patients with atrial fibrillation randomized to apixaban vs warfarin treatment. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> The prospective, randomized, double-blind Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) clinical trial randomized 18 201 patients with atrial fibrillation to apixaban or warfarin. Serial creatinine measurements were available in 16 869 patients. Worsening of renal function was defined as an annual decrease in estimated glomerular filtration more than 20%. The relations between treatment, outcomes, and renal function were investigated using Cox regression models, with renal function as a time-dependent covariate. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Stroke or systemic embolism (primary outcome), major bleeding (safety outcome), and mortality were examined in relation to renal function over time estimated with both the Cockcroft-Gault and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations. <h3>Results</h3> Among 16 869 patients, the median age was 70 years and 65.2% of patients were men. Worsening in estimated glomerular filtration more than 20% was observed in 2294 patients (13.6%) and was associated with older age and more cardiovascular comorbidities. The risks of stroke or systemic embolism, major bleeding, and mortality were higher in patients with worsening renal function (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.17-2.01 for stroke or systemic embolism; HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.27-1.93 for major bleeding; and HR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.98-2.68 for mortality). The beneficial effects of apixaban vs warfarin on rates of stroke or systemic embolism and major bleeding were consistent in patients with normal or poor renal function over time and also in those with worsening renal function. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In patients with atrial fibrillation, declining renal function was more common in elderly patients and those with cardiovascular comorbidities. Worsening renal function was associated with a higher risk of subsequent cardiovascular events and bleeding. The superior efficacy and safety of apixaban as compared with warfarin were similar in patients with normal, poor, and worsening renal function. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00412984.
Mammary Tumors in Mice Following Transplantation of Mammary Tissue
Authors: Michael B. Shimkin, Rose S. Wyman, H. B. Andervont
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1946)

Mammary Tumors in Mice Following Transplantation of Mammary Tissue Michael B. Shimkin, Michael B. Shimkin surgeon National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Publie Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rose S. Wyman, Rose S. Wyman laboratory technician National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Publie Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. B. Andervont H. B. Andervont principal biologist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Publie Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 7, Issue 2, October 1946, Pages 77–78, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/7.2.77 Published: 01 October 1946 Article history Received: 16 September 1946 Published: 01 October 1946
Abstract 4694: Prognostic Value of the Contractile Reserve on Exercise Echocardiography in Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Zeineb Hachicha, Jean G Dumesnil, Sébastien Bergeron, Marie Arsenault, Philippe Pibarot
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Abnormal exercise test defined as the occurence of exercise limiting symptoms or of blood pressure drop, is useful to predict clinical events in asymptomatic patients with aortic stenosis (AS). Whether exercise stress echocardiographic data, especially the response of LV systolic function to exertion, have an added predictive value is unclear. to determine if the behaviour of LV systolic function during exercise test can predict maximum exercise capacity and clinical outcomes in patients with asymptomatic AS. 48 patients with asymptomatic AS (aortic peak velocity: 3.4 ±0.7 m/s) and preserved LV ejection fraction (≥50%) were assessed by echocardiography at rest and during a maximum ramp semi-supine bicycle exercise test. 18 (38%) patients had an abnormal exercise test (occurrence of exercise limiting symptom: angina: 1, severe dyspnea: 14; drop in systolic blood pressure: 1; ventricular arrhythmias: 2). Compared to patients with normal test, these patients had smaller LV end-diastolic volumes (87±15 vs 100±21, p=0.02), smaller indexed aortic valve area at peak stress (0.52±0.18 vs 0.63±0.15, p=0.02) and smaller increase in LVEF during exercise (ΔLVEF: 6±4% vs 11±6%, p=0.008). Absent or limited contractile reserve defined as ΔLVEF &lt;10% was observed in 66% of patients with abnormal test vs 33% in those with normal test, p=0.02. The most important predictors of an abnormal exercise test were an AVA at peak stress&lt;1cm 2 (p=0.03; NPV=91%, PPV=62%) and ΔLVEF &lt;10% (p=0.016, NPV=83%, PPV=54%). At a mean follow up of 14±6 months, 4 patients developed cardiac symptoms and 9 were referred for AVR. At one year, the event (AVR or symptom)-free survival was markedly lower in patient with abnormal vs normal test (65±11% vs 96±3%, p≤0.001) and in patients with ΔLVEF &lt;10% vs ΔLVEF ≥10% (70±9 % vs 96±4%, p=0.03). An abnormal test was associated with 3.6-fold (p=0.0003) and ΔLVEF &lt;10% with a 1.9-fold (p=0.04) increase in the risk of cardiac events. Exercise-limiting symptoms, fall in blood pressure or ventricular arrhythmias as well as no or minimal increase in LVEF during exercise predicts the onset of symptoms and need for AVR. Stress exercise echocardiography may be helpful to improve risk stratification in asymptomatic AS.
HIV coinfection influences the inflammatory response but not the outcome of cerebral malaria in Malawian children
Authors: Emmie W. Mbale, Christopher A. Moxon, Mavuto Mukaka, Maganizo Chagomerana, Simon Glover, Ngawina Chisala, Sofia Omar, Malcolm Molyneux, Karl Seydel, Alister G. Craig, Terrie Taylor, Robert S. Heyderman, Macpherson Mallewa
Journal: Journal of Infection (2016)

ObjectivesStudy of the effect of HIV on disease progression in heterogeneous severe malaria syndromes with imprecise diagnostic criteria has led to varying results. Characteristic retinopathy refines cerebral malaria (CM) diagnosis, enabling more precise exploration of the hypothesis that HIV decreases the cytokine response in CM, leading to higher parasite density and a poor outcome.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data on clinical progression and laboratory parameters in 877 retinopathy-positive CM cases admitted 1996–2011 (14.4% HIV-infected) to a large hospital in Malawi. Admission plasma levels of TNF, interleukin-10, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1) were measured by ELISA in 135 retinopathy-positive CM cases.ResultsHIV-infected CM cases had lower median plasma levels of TNF (p = 0.008), interleukin-10 (p = 0.045) and sICAM-1 (p = 0.04) than HIV-uninfected cases. Although HIV-infected children were older and more likely to have co-morbidities, HIV-status did not significantly affect parasite density (p = 0.90) or outcome (24.8% infected, vs. 18.5% uninfected; p = 0.13).ConclusionIn this well-characterised CM cohort, HIV-coinfection was associated with marked blunting of the inflammatory response but did not affect parasite density or outcome. These data highlight the complex influence of HIV on severe malaria and bring into question systemic inflammation as a primary driver of pathogenesis in human CM.
QOS-55IMPROVEMENT IN VISUAL ACUITY OF PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH BRAIN TUMORS TREATED WITH BEVACIZUMAB
Authors: Kathleen Dorris, Molly Hemenway, Adam Green, Jennifer Madden, Jean Mulcahy-Levy, Rajeev Vibhakar, Nicholas Foreman, Emily McCourt
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
MB-77MOLECULAR SUBGROUPING OF MEDULLOBLASTOMA WITH NANOSTRING TECHNOLOGY: A FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR ROUTINE REAL-TIME PROCEDURES
Authors: Julien Masliah-Planchon, David Gentien, Teva Riou, Benoit Albaud, Yvan Nicaise, Debbie Hicks, Dominique Figarella-Branger, Christelle Dufour, Gaëlle Pierron, Marie-Bernadette Delisle, Steve Clifford, Olivier Delattre, Francois Doz, Franck Bourdeaut
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Tuberculosis control in Latvia: integrated DOTS and DOTS-plus programmes
Authors: V Leimane, J Leimans
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2006)

From 1991 until the end of 1998, the number of patients with tuberculosis in Latvia increased 2.5 times with a simultaneous increase of drug resistant and multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Descriptive analysis of different TB programme services, activities and strategies including Directly Observed Therapy Short-course (DOTS) for tuberculosis and treatment of MDR-TB, were performed. Data from the state tuberculosis registry, drug resistance surveillance, and the national MDR-TB database were used. The state-funded national tuberculosis control programme (NTAP, Nacionâlâ Tuberkulozes Apkarodanas Programma), based on WHO recommended DOTS strategy, was introduced in Latvia in 1996. The NTAP includes TB control in prisons. Treatment of MDR-TB using second line drugs was started in 1997. Cure rates for TB patients increased from 59.5% in 1996 to 77.5% in 2003. Between 1996 and 2003, more than 200 patients began MDR-TB treatment each year, and the cure rate was between 66% and 73%. Numbers of MDR-TB patients were reduced by more than half during this period. Treatment results including MDR-TB reached the WHO target, with cure rates 85% of newly diagnosed patients. These results demonstrate that MDR-TB treatment and management using the individualised treatment approach can be effectively provided within the overall TB programme on a national scale, to successfully treat a large number of MDR-TB patients. Rapid diagnostic methods combined with early intensified case finding, isolation and infection control measures could decrease transmission of TB and MDR-TB in hospitals and in the community. Highly important that MDR-TB management follows WHO recommendations in order to stop creating drug resistance to first and to second line drugs.
External-stimuli responsive systems for cancer theranostic
Authors: Jianhui Yao, Jingxian Feng, Jun Chen
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2016)

The upsurge of novel nanomaterials and nanotechnologies has inspired the researchers who are striving for designing safer and more efficient drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. Stimuli responsive nanomaterial offered an alternative to design controllable drug delivery system on account of its spatiotemporally controllable properties. Additionally, external stimuli (light, magnetic field and ultrasound) could develop into theranostic applications for personalized medicine use because of their unique characteristics. In this review, we give a brief overview about the significant progresses and challenges of certain external-stimuli responsive systems that have been extensively investigated in drug delivery and theranostics within the last few years.
DST results in nonpsychotic depressed outpatients
Authors: A Khan, F Johnson, D H Avery, S Cohen, B Scherzo, D L Dunner
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

In two studies using the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) to evaluate the efficacy of newer antidepressants in depressed outpatients, the authors found a DST nonsuppression rate of 13% (11 of 86 patients). Thirty-three of the DST suppressors received an antidepressant and 42 received placebo; the drug-treated group showed a significant therapeutic response. The low rate of DST nonsuppression in these depressed outpatients, a finding consistent with that of other investigators, does not confirm or refute reports that these patients are relatively resistant to placebo in comparison with active medication. The authors recommend that DST results not be used as selection criteria in studies assessing newer therapies for depressed outpatients.
Congenital Tracheoesophageal Fistula without Esophageal Atresia
Authors: Charles V. Pryles, Andrew Huvos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE presence of a fistulous communication between the esophagus and trachea, without an accompanying esophageal atresia, is rarely reported and is not familiar to many physicians. The classification of congenital anomalies of the esophagus with tracheoesophageal fistula, as reported by Vogt1 and Ladd and Swenson,2 is known to most pediatricians.A brief historical review of this unusual type of anomaly has been published.3 Recently, in a review of the English literature, Ware and Cross4 were able to find 26 cases, to which they added 1 of their own. We could find only 10 cases with reported post-mortem findings. In 1917 . . .