tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
QOL-21DIET AND HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE (HRQoL) IN THE PRIMARY BRAIN TUMOR POPULATION
Authors: Dina M. Randazzo, Frances McSherry, James E. Herndon, Mary L. Affronti, Eric S. Lipp, Charlene Flahiff, Elizabeth Miller, Sarah Woodring, Maria Freeman, Patrick Healey, Janet Minchew, Susan Boulton, Annick Desjardins, Gordana Vlahovic, Henry S. Friedman, Katherine B. Peters
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

QOL-21. DIET AND HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE (HRQoL) IN THE PRIMARY BRAIN TUMOR POPULATION Dina M. Randazzo, Frances McSherry, James E. Herndon, II, Mary L. Affronti, Eric S. Lipp, Charlene Flahiff, Elizabeth Miller, Sarah Woodring, Maria Freeman, Patrick Healey, Janet Minchew, Susan Boulton, Annick Desjardins, Gordana Vlahovic, Henry S. Friedman, and Katherine B. Peters; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA BACKGROUND: Many diets have been recommended for cancer patients, including ketogenic, vegetarian, alkaline, and calorie-restricted diets. Despite these recommendations, evidence is lacking. The goal of this study was to discern if patients with primary brain tumors used a  diet and if it was associated with HRQoL. METHODS: Demographic and clinical data from the PRoGREss registry at the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, along with patient-outcome questionnaires, were queried retrospectively from December 16, 2013 to February 28, 2014. Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests were performed to explore any associations between diet and HRQoL. RESULTS: 783 patients were identified with 81 (10%) using a special diet the last 12 months, 515 (66%) not using a special diet, and 297 (24%) with missing diet information. The majority of patients were male (n 1⁄4 423, 54%), married (n 1⁄4 463, 59%), college educated (N 1⁄4 438, 56%), had WHO grade III-IV tumors (N1⁄4 539, 69%), and the average age was 49.6 (13.6) years. Special diets reported by the 81 patients included: ketogenic (N 1⁄4 9, 11%), low carb (N 1⁄4 11, 14%), vegetarian/vegan (N 1⁄4 6, 7%), organic (N 1⁄4 8, 10%) and unspecified (27, 33%). Among those patients who used a special diet, 43% exercised ≥9 MET-hrs/wk; however, among patients who did not use a special diet, only 30% exercised ≥9 MET-hrs/wk. The HRQoL in patients using a special diet was better than the HRQoL in patients who did not use a special diet relative to the following outcomes: FACIT-Fatigue, FACT-G functional subscale, FACT-Br TOI, and the Brain cancer subscale. CONCLUSIONS: A small percentage of our primary brain tumor patients reported using a special diet. Given the general lack of evidence regarding diet and its potential effect on primary brain tumors, more research is needed in this area utilizing more accurate methods to identify and validate the diets used and to reduce missing data. Neuro-Oncology 17:v188–v194, 2015. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nov230.21 Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology 2015.
A randomized phase 2b trial of baricitinib, an oral Janus kinase (<scp>JAK</scp>) 1/JAK2 inhibitor, in patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis
Authors: K.A. Papp, M.A. Menter, M. Raman, D. Disch, D.E. Schlichting, C. Gaich, W. Macias, X. Zhang, J.M. Janes
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Plaque psoriasis is a chronic and often debilitating skin disorder and proinflammatory cytokines are known to play a key role in the disease process.To evaluate the safety and efficacy of baricitinib, an oral Janus kinase (JAK) 1/JAK2 inhibitor, in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging phase 2b study.Patients were randomized (n = 271) to receive placebo or oral baricitinib at 2, 4, 8 or 10 mg once daily for 12 weeks (Part A). Dose adjustment for 12 additional weeks was based on percentage improvement in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score. The primary end point was Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75% (PASI-75) at 12 weeks for North American patients (n = 238); secondary end points were safety and efficacy measures in the entire population.At week 12, more North American patients in the 8-mg (43%) and 10-mg (54%) baricitinib groups than in placebo group (17%; P < 0·05) achieved PASI-75. All baricitinib-treated groups had greater mean changes from baseline in their PASI scores (P < 0·05) at 12 weeks and (except 2 mg) had higher rates of PASI-50 than the placebo group; statistically significant PASI-90 responses were achieved in the 8-mg and 10-mg groups at 8 and 12 weeks. More than 81% of PASI-75 responders maintained their scores through 24 weeks. During Part A, study discontinuations due to adverse events (AEs) were 0%, 0%, 2·8%, 6·3% and 5·8% and treatment-emergent AE rates were 44%, 50%, 47%, 58% and 64% for placebo and 2-, 4-, 8- and 10-mg baricitinib groups, respectively. No opportunistic infections were observed in any treatment group. Dose-dependent changes in laboratory values were observed.Patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis treated with baricitinib for 12 weeks achieved significant improvements in PASI-75.
Membranous Nephropathy Related to Hepatitis B Virus in Adults
Authors: Kar Neng Lai, Philip K.T. Li, Siu Fai Lui, Tak Cheong Au, John S.L. Tam, Kwok Lung Tong, Fernand Mac-Moune Lai
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

The natural course of adult hepatitis B virus (HBV)—related membranous nephropathy in areas where HBV infection is endemic (characterized by vertical and horizontal transmission of HBV in early childhood) has not been fully defined.
OC-027 Multimodal imaging assisted endoscopic mucosal resection of Barrett's dysplasia and cancer
Authors: J Mannath, V Subramanian, T Thomas, K Ragunath
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a minimally invasive therapeutic option for Barrett9s dysplasia and early cancer. Prior to resection, it is important to delineate the extent of dysplasia and traditionally chromoscopy has been used. However multimodal image enhanced endoscopy could be useful to identify and delineate the dysplastic areas. <h3>Methods</h3> The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy and safety of multimodal imaging assisted EMR in Barrett9s neoplasia in terms of curative resections. High-resolution endoscopy followed by autofluorescence imaging is used to detect the lesion and narrow band imaging with magnification is used to confirm early neoplasia. The area is marked under autofluorescence guidance to include all areas of dysplasia and EMR done using a multiband mucosectomy device (MBM) or EMR-cap. <h3>Results</h3> 28 patients (21 males, mean age 68) were included in the analysis. The average length of Barrett9s was 5.5 cm (range 1–13 cm). 21 patients had high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and seven patients had intramucosal cancer (IMC) in the pre-EMR biopsies. EMR was done using MBM in 23 patients and using EMR-cap in five patients. The histology was upgraded in 12 patients from HGD to IMC after EMR. En-bloc resections were done in 10 patients and the rest had piecemeal resection. 3/4 patients who had incomplete deep resection margins underwent oesophagectomy. One of the specimens showed cancer, but the rest had only metaplasia. One patient did not undergo surgery due to comorbidities. Deep margins were clear in the rest 24 patients. Lateral margins were clear in 14/24 patients where it could be assessed histologically. Two patients had residual lesions in the lateral margins on follow-up endoscopy which were resected again. Thus 24/28 (86%) patients had a complete resection of the initial lesion by EMR. After a median follow-up of 16.5 months (IQR 8–25) and a mean number of two endoscopies (range 1–5) none of the 24 patients developed recurrence. Minor complications (bleeding) developed in three patients (10%) which were managed endoscopically. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Multimodal imaging is useful in assisting EMR of Barrett9s neoplasia by identifying and delineating the lesions and is an attractive alternative to chromoscopy.
Peculiarities of peripheral blood flow reaction during cold air bronchoprovocation
Authors: Juliy M. Perelman, Anna G. Prikhodko
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Peripheral vessels reaction to different stimuli may be a sign of systemic vascular disturbances in chronic pulmonary diseases. It is unknown if cold airway hyperresponsiveness (CAHR) accompanied by any changes in systemic peripheral circulation.   Aim:  To study peculiarities of peripheral vasomotor reaction during local airway cooling.   Methods:  The reaction of peripheral vessels of finger ( aa. digitales palmares propriae ) during and after 3-min isocapnic cold (-20°C) air hyperventilation was studied in 11 healthy persons and 31 patients with chronic pulmonary diseases (bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis) having CAHR. The amplitude of pulse wave (APW) was evaluated by photoplethysmography of finger.   Results:  A phase reaction of finger artery to cold air inhalation was revealed in healthy persons. By the end of the 3rd min of hyperventilation there was a progressive drop of APW (-30.2±8.7%) as a result of vasoconstriction with further short-term vasodilation proved by the growth of APW higher than the initial level (8.7±6.5%) immediately after provocation cessation and its additional fall on the 5th min of recovery (-15.5±7.3%), which meant a repeated vessel spasm. In group of patients cold air inhalation led to sustained APW drop both during provocation (-21.4±8.9%) and recovery period (1st and 5th min) -26.2±7.6% (p   Conclusions:  Revealed abnormalities in peripheral microcirculation in patients with the changed airway responsiveness can be an early sign of systemic vascular dysfunction.
Abstract 2307: Targeted agents and chemotherapeutic treatments of genetically engineered Basal-like breast cancer mouse model
Authors: Cristina M. Contreras, Grace O. Silva, Adam D. Pfefferle, Charles M. Perou
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Background: Genomic characterization of human breast tumors has resulted in the identification of at least five distinct tumor subtypes (Luminal A and B, HER2-enriched, Claudin-low, and Basal-like). These subtypes each show their own unique biology, which correlates with distinct patient outcomes. Basal-like Breast Cancer (BLBC) is associated with high grade, BRCA1 mutation status, younger patient age, and increased frequency in African Americans. In order to identify novel therapeutic strategies for BLBC, we developed a genetically engineered mouse model based upon two common human BLBC genetic events, namely BRCA1 and TP53 loss. Results: We developed a genetically engineered mouse (GEM) model of breast cancer by inactivating TP53 and BRCA1 genes using Cre-LOX technology in the mammary gland (K14-cre / TP53 L/L / BRCA1 L/L). As part of the characterization of this GEM model, we performed gene expression profiling and DNA copy number analysis using aCGH arrays on the Basal-like tumors from this model (25/27 total tumors were Basal-like). We found a number of chromosomal regions that were similarly altered and found to be specific to mouse and human BLBC including gains of mouse chromosome 1q and 12q and losses in chromosomes 3F1 and 15q. Subsequently two tumors from the murine Basal-like group were taken and expanded into an orthotopic syngeneic model where they passaged in wild type FVB mice. These two tumors lines were then tested extensively with chemotherapeutics (Doxorubicin, Carboplatin, Cytoxan, Paclitaxel) and biologically targeted agents (MEK inhibitor/AZD6244, PI3K Inhibitor/BEZ235, PARP Inhibitor/ABT888 and mTOR Inhibitor/Everolimus). The DNA damaging agents exhibited exceptional efficacy (i.e. ABT888, Cytoxan, and Carboplatin), whereas the biologically targeted agents tended to at best, only slow tumor growth, even in combination. Conclusions: Genetic engineering of mice using TP53 and BRCA1 loss results in tumors of predominantly the Basal-like subtype phenotype. As expected, these tumors were exquisitely sensitive to DNA damaging chemotherapeutics including cytoxan and carboplatin, yet generally insensitive to the 3 tested kinase inhibitors. Novel combinations of targeted agents and chemotherapeutics are now being tested. Citation Format: Cristina M. Contreras, Grace O. Silva, Adam D. Pfefferle, Charles M. Perou. Targeted agents and chemotherapeutic treatments of genetically engineered Basal-like breast cancer mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2307. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2307
Hereditary Hemolytic Anemia with Hexokinase Deficiency
Authors: William N. Valentine, Frank A. Oski, Donald E. Paglia, Marjorie A. Baughan, Arthur S. Schneider, J. Lawrence Naiman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

IT is now clear that hereditary hemolytic anemias not associated with hemoglobinopathy or with the thalassemia syndromes are frequently due to inherited deficiencies in one or another of the enzymes upon which the erythrocyte is dependent to meet its energy needs. The non-nucleated, relatively metabolically impoverished adult human red cell has limited resources and places major dependence upon energy derived from the conversion of glucose to lactate – chiefly via the anaerobic Embden–Meyerhof pathway, but to a lesser but still important extent by way of the oxidative hexose monophosphate shunt. In the former diphosphopyridine nucleotide (NAD) is cycled to its . . .
The Natural History of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: David O. Wiebers, Jack P. Whisnant, W. Michael O'Fallon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

This study defines the natural history of a selected group of 65 patients with 81 unruptured intracranial saccular aneurysms who did not undergo surgery. Eight of the 65 patients with aneurysms had intracranial hemorrhage due to aneurysmal rupture over a mean follow-up interval of slightly over eight years. We performed a multivariate discriminant analysis to assess the relation of several independent variables to aneurysmal rupture. These variables included age, sex, aneurysm size, number of aneurysms, presence of multilobed aneurysms, aneurysmal symptoms other than rupture, aneurysm location, and hypertension at or before the identification of the aneurysm. The only variable of unquestionable significance was aneurysm size, which was noted in 73 instances. None of the 44 aneurysms smaller than 1 cm in diameter ruptured, whereas eight of the 29 aneurysms 1 cm or more in diameter eventually did. We conclude that unruptured intracranial saccular aneurysms smaller than 1 cm in diameter have a very low probability of subsequent rupture. (N Engl J Med. 1981; 304:696–8.)
PTU-221 Outcome of recurrent acute diverticulitis – a district general hospital experience: Abstract PTU-221 Table 1
Authors: A Khan, B Muthiah, S Mirza
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> There is no agreed consensus on the management of recurrent (two or more) episodes of acute diverticulitis.<sup>1</sup>Our aim was to look at the outcome of recurrent episodes in our hospital. <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective analysis from 2009 to 2014. Patients had a prior diagnosis of diverticulitis confirmed by CT followed by either colonoscopy or barium enema. Data was collected from patient records, electronic discharge summaries, radiology and endoscopy reports. We included only patients readmitted with diverticulitis confirmed by CT or colonoscopy. <h3>Results</h3> 21% (51/243) of patients were readmitted with acute diverticulitis (18 males, 33 females). Forty patients were between the age of 50 to 89. The diagnostic modality was colonoscopy and CT in 30 and 21 patients respectively. 45 patients were readmitted once (mean length of stay was 7 days), and 6 had multiple readmissions (mean length of stay was 11 days). 33% (17/51) patients underwent surgery (elective 13, emergency 4). In the elective surgery group 12 patients waited less than 12 months before undergoing surgery. The post operative complications are listed in Table 1. There was no operative mortality but two non-operative mortalities (deemed too high risk for surgery). <h3>Conclusion</h3> 33% of recurrent admissions required operative intervention. In a financially challenged climate, readmissions with length of stay have cost implications. We suggest early surgical intervention in this subgroup. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Royal College of Surgeons (England). Commissioning Guide 2013 – Colonic diverticular disease. Available from: http://www.rcseng.ac.uk/healthcare-bodies/docs/published-guides/colonic-diverticular-disease
Persistence of Vancomycin in the Blood during Renal Failure and Its Treatment by Hemodialysis
Authors: Dale D. Lindholm, John S. Murray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

VANCOMYCIN is a penicillinase-resistant antibiotic that may be used in the treatment of staphylococcal infections. Because it is known to be excreted chiefly through the kidneys in normal persons1 this study was undertaken to define how the dosage schedule should be modified in the face of oliguric renal failure, with or without interposed hemodialysis treatment.Its persistence in the blood would be expected during oliguric renal failure, but the extent of persistence cannot simply be guessed because extrarenal metabolism and excretion may prove surprisingly important, as in a previously reported case.2 Whereas reduced excretion favors maintenance of therapeutic benefits it . . .
Prevention of Cisplatin Neurotoxicity with an ACTH(4–9) Analogue in Patients with Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Roland Gerritsen van der Hoop, Charles J. Vecht, Maria E.L. van der Burg, Arthur Elderson, Willem Boogerd, Jan J. Heimans, Els P. Vries, Johannes C. van Houwelingen, Frans G.I. Jennekens, Willem H. Gispen, Jean P. Neijt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we assessed the efficacy of an ACTH(4–9) analogue, Org 2766, in the prevention of cisplatin neuropathy in 55 women with ovarian cancer. The analogue was given subcutaneously in a dose of 0.25 mg (low dose) or 1 mg (high dose) per square meter of body-surface area before and after treatment with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide (75 and 750 mg per square meter every three weeks). The threshold of vibration perception was used as the principal measure of neurotoxicity.
Case 11-1975
Authors: Robert H. Rubin, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Presentation of CaseA 63-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of chills and fever.She was in excellent health until 10 years before admission, when she began to have episodes of asthma, which were treated with isoproterenol by inhalation. Two months before entry she lost her appetite and experienced night sweats; she lost 8 kg in weight. There was a mild cough, without sputum production or chest pain. Several days before admission chills developed, with increased sweats and a rise of the temperature to 38.8°C.Eleven years earlier she had emigrated from China. An x-ray film of the . . .
Meta-analysis of preoperative chemotherapy (CTX) versus primary surgery for locoregionally advanced adenocarcinoma of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, and lower esophagus (GE adenocarcinoma).
Authors: U. Ronellenfitsch, M. Schwarzbach, R. Hofheinz, P. Kienle, P. Hohenberger, K. Jensen, M. Kieser, T. E. Slanger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

4022 Background: Patients (pts) with locally advanced GE adenocarcinoma have a poor outcome. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis to assess if preoperative CTX compared to primary surgery improves survival. Methods: The review followed Cochrane methodology. Using a prespecified strategy, we searched relevant databases for randomized controlled trials comparing preoperative CTX (with or without radiotherapy) with primary surgery for locally advanced GE adenocarcinoma. Two independent reviewers selected eligible trials, extracted data and assessed quality. We performed random effects model meta-analysis with overall survival as primary endpoint. Hazard ratios (HRs) based on individual patient data (IPD) were calculated. If IPD were unavailable, HRs or binary mortality data were extracted from publications. Subgroup analyses for “pure” CTX, radiochemotherapy (RCTX) and tumor sites were prespecified. Results: 12 studies with 2, 128 pts met inclusion criteria. Preoperative CTX improved survival (HR = 0.81; 95% CI 0.73-0.90, p < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses for “pure” CTX and RCTX (the latter group including only trials with esophageal or GE junction tumors) yielded HRs of 0.82 (95% CI 0.73-0.91, p = 0.0002) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.52-1.08, p = 0.12). Survival varied according to tumor site (subgroup data not available from all trials) with an HR of 0.80 (95% CI 0.58-1.12, p = 0.2) for esophagus, 0.71 (95% CI 0.55-0.91, p = 0.007) for GE junction and 0.94 (95% CI 0.82-1.06, p = 0.31) for stomach. Conclusions: Preoperative CTX significantly improves survival of pts with locoregionally advanced GE adenocarcinoma and should be considered standard of care. An effect can be observed regardless of whether CTX is combined with radiotherapy or not. However, randomized controlled trials have assessed RCTX only for esophageal and GE junction tumors, and the power of the subgroup analysis was too low to reach significance. In subgroup analyses for tumor site, a significant effect on survival was found only for GE junction tumors, and not for tumors of the esophagus and stomach, but the power of the latter two analyses was low. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Novartis
Glomerulonephritis Induced in Mice by Echo 9 Virus
Authors: G. E. Burch, K. C. Chu, R. S. Sohal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Two hundred and twenty-two suckling HaM/ICR mice were inoculated with ECHO 9 virus intraperitoneally. The renal lesions were studied by light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunofluorescent technics. Characteristic glomerular lesions resembling acute glomerulonephritis were seen six days after inoculation. The frequency and severity of glomerular lesions increased with time and reached a maximum two to three weeks after inoculation. Later, the lesions decreased in frequency and severity and almost disappeared at six weeks after inoculation, although viral antigen was present up to 54 days. Viral antigen deposits were observed in the glomeruli, indicating that the glomerulonephritis was viral in origin and the result of either direct infection or an antigen-antibody reaction.