tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cultural perspectives on the impact of women's changing roles on psychiatry
Authors: V Abernethy
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

The author examines sex role stereotypes in the United States and their impact on the self-concept of women. She suggests that the fact that women's roles are changing may have a positive impact on general mental health because both men and women will profit from increased flexibility ingender role specifications. She emphasizes the fact that therapists as well as their patients have been socialized into accepting the values and assumptions of our society; there is thus a high probability that not only the presenting complaints but also the treatment goals for women in therapy are culturally determined.
Research into “real world” older patients is needed
Authors: Conal J Cunningham
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Kotecha and colleagues’ meta-analysis establishes that β blockers are beneficial in patients aged 40-85 with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction who are able to tolerate them. In the original trials most patients seemed to tolerate these drugs.1

But it does not tell us how well older people in clinical practice can tolerate β blockers, and the authors seem to extrapolate beyond their data. All the randomised …
Three probable cases of cutaneous anthrax in autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia, June 2011
Authors: P Đurić, G Ćosić, S Rajčević, V Petrovic, M Tomković, Ž Subić, M Dimitrić
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

Three probable cases of cutaneous anthrax were reported in June 2011 in the eastern part of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia. All cases were involved in slaughtering of a heifer that died and was suspected to have had anthrax. In the same village, anthrax was confirmed in other animals.
AB0155 C-Terminal of Type II Procollagen Peptide, Chondrocalcin, is Increased in Arthritis of HLA-B27 Transgenic Mice
Authors: M.-C. Park, S.-W. Lee, Y.-B. Park, S.-K. Lee
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Chondrocalcin, c-terminal of type II procollagen peptide, plays a major part in ossification processes by acting as a nucleation core of matrix calcification. Chondrocalcin and its related growth factors can also influence tendon and ligament formation and appear to be a key molecular pathway involved in this pathological cascade. <h3>Objectives</h3> The purposes of this study were to evaluate the association of chondrocalcin in the pathogenesis of inflammation and calcification in an animal model of ankylosing spondylitis. <h3>Methods</h3> Peripheral arthritis was induced by transferring the HLA-B2704 gene into male Kunming mice and their inflamed hid paw joints sections were obtained. Chondrocalcin was detected using real time-PCR and anti-chondrocalcin antibody developed from proteins occurred from C-terminal amino acid sequence of type II collagen. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot assay were performed to identify the expression and localization of chondrocalcin in joint sections of the animal model. <h3>Results</h3> On immunohistochemistry, chondrocalcin was detected in inflamed joint tissues of animal models and this was more densely distributed in spindle-shaped fibroblast-like cells and hypertrophic chondrocytes. Chondrocalcin production was increased in hind paw joints of animal model compared to empty vector-injected mice and its mRNA expressions were also increased peripheral blood mononuclear cells from animal model compare to empty vector-injected mice. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study showed that chondrocalcin can be detected in inflammed tissues of animal models of AS and that the levels of condrocalcin productions and its gene expressions are increased in animal models. These results can provide an evidence for the role of chondrocalcin in pathogenesis of AS. <h3>References</h3> Poole AR, Pidoux I, Reiner A, Choi H, Rosenberg LC. Association of an extracellular protein (chondrocalcin) with the calcification of cartilage in endochondral bone formation. J Cell Biol 1984; 98(1): 54-65. Hinek A, Reiner A, Poole AR. The calcification of cartilage matrix in chondrocyte culture: studies of the C-propeptide of type II collagen (chondrocalcin). J Cell Biol 1987; 104(5): 1435-41. Kondoh T, Hamada Y, Iino M, Takahashi T, Kikuchi T, Fujikawa K, Seto K. Regional differences of type II collagen synthesis in the human temporomandibular joint disc: immunolocalization study of carboxy-terminal type II procollagen peptide (chondrocalcin). Arch Oral Biol 2003; 48(9): 621-5. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Detection rate of actionable mutations in diverse cancers using a biopsy-free (blood) circulating tumor DNA assay.
Authors: Razelle Kurzrock, Maria Clemence Schwaederle, Hatim Husain, Richard B. Schwab, Rebecca J Nagy, Richard Burnham Lanman, AmirAli Talasaz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

11004 Background: Analysis of cell-free DNA using next generation sequencing (NGS) is a potentially powerful tool for the detection/monitoring of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). We report the findings of a biopsy-free NGS ctDNA assay in a series of 103 patients with advanced cancer. Methods: Between June 1, 2014 and January 16, 2015, plasma samples from 103 patients with a variety of cancers were analyzed for ctDNA. Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in 54 genes and copy number variants (CNVs) in 3 genes (EGFR, ERBB2 and MET) are reported quantitatively as the fractional mutant allele concentrations in cell-free DNA and the absolute copy numbers of the genes measured, respectively (Guardant360, Guardant Health, Inc.). This ctDNA assay has high sensitivity (detects 85%+ of the single nucleotide variants detected in tissue in advanced cancer patients) and analytic specificity ( > 99.9999%). Results: Of the 103 patients, there were 40 with breast and 40 with lung cancer; and 23 various other malignancies. Of the total, 78 (75.7%) had at least one detectable mutation (mean = 2.1/patient). In 222 healthy volunteers used to validate that assay, only 1 had an alteration. Within the breast cancer cohort, 22% had 1 alteration; 50%, 2 or more (range 0-12; mean = 2.2/patient). TP53 alterations were the most common, found in 32.5%. Interestingly, 25% of patients had an EGFR alteration (amplification or SNV), higher than previously reported. Mutations in PIK3CA were detected in 10 cases. In the 40 lung cancer patients, 82.5% had at least 1 alteration (mean = 2.2/patient). TP53 alterations were present in 50%; EGFR alterations, in 30%; and MET amplification/variation, in 22.5%. Sixty-two of 103 patients (60% of all patients; 80% of patients with an alteration) had alterations that were conceivably actionable by an FDA approved drug and/or an agent in clinical trials. Conclusions: In this single institution series, 75.7% of the patients had an alteration on a 54 gene panel ctDNA assay. Importantly, of patients with at least 1 alteration, 80% had alterations actionable by existing drugs. ctDNA testing in blood identifies a high number of potentially actionable abnormalities in a broad range of cancer types.
Secondary Oxalosis in Chronic Renal Insufficiency
Authors: P Balcke, P Schmidt, J Zazgornik, H Kopsa, E Deutsch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The concentration of oxalic acid was determined in the plasma of 15 patients with conservatively treated chronic renal insufficiency and 17 dialysis patients. A cumulation of oxalic acid was found in connection with uraemia. The extent to which plasma oxalic acid concentrations were raised depended on the degree of renal insufficiency and was directly related to the plasma creatinine values in all patients with or without dialysis. In the patients with chronic renal insufficiency the median plasma oxalic acid concentration was 74.4-18.5 (control group 27.0 +/- 7.4) mumol/l. In the dialysis patients the levels were even higher, at 137.5 +/- 56.0 mumol. By means of haemodialysis it was possible to lower the plasma oxalic levels by about the same amount as creatinine concentrations. The higher plasma oxalic acid concentrations seem to be an important pathogenetic factor in the formation of uraemic calcification in various organs. The therapeutic consequences are to increase the duration and frequency of dialysis and to remedy possible vitamin B6 deficiency.
Biomarkers and associations with the clinical activity of PD-L1 blockade in a MPDL3280A study.
Authors: John D. Powderly, Hartmut Koeppen, F. Stephen Hodi, Jeffrey Alan Sosman, Scott N. Gettinger, Rupal Desai, Josep Tabernero, Jean-Charles Soria, Omid Hamid, Gregg Daniel Fine, Yuanyuan Xiao, Ahmad Mokatrin, Jenny Wu, Maria Anderson, Bryan A. Irving, Daniel S. Chen, Marcin Kowanetz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

3001 Background: PD-L1, which is highly expressed on tumors, is a ligand of PD-1, an inhibitory receptor present on activated T cells. PD-L1 expression is regulated by intrinsic (mutations) and adaptive (tumor infiltrating T cells) mechanisms. MPDL3280A, a human monoclonal antibody containing an engineered Fc-domain designed to optimize efficacy and safety, targets PD-L1, blocking PD-L1 from binding its receptors, including PD-1 and B7.1. Methods: A Ph I study was conducted with MPDL3280A administered IV q3w in pts with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors. The expansion cohort required available tumor tissue. In addition, the study included a serial biopsy cohort with tumor sampling prior to and during treatment. Tumor samples were analyzed by IHC and a Genentech immunochip measuring ≈90 immune-related genes to characterize the tumor immune microenvironment at baseline (BL) and/or during MPDL3280A treatment. Further, blood-based biomarkers and circulating immune cell subsets were serially measured. Results: Pretreatment tumor samples were available for IHC from 112 pts and for immunochip from 96 pts.In addition, 23 pts had paired BL and on-treatment samples. Blood-based biomarkers were evaluated in 76 pts. Elevated BL PD-L1 expression by IHC was associated with response to MPDL3280A, and coordinated expression of PD-L1 and CD8+ T-cells was observed. Furthermore, a T-cell gene signature (including CD8, IFNg and Granzyme-A) was associated with treatment response. On treatment, responding tumors showed increasing PD-L1 expression and a Th1-dominant immune infiltrate, providing evidence for adaptive PD-L1 upregulation. Nonresponders showed minimal tumor CD8+ T-cell infiltration and an absence of T-cell activation (measured by Granzyme-A and Perforin expression). Additionally, a subpopulation of pts exhibited changes in circulating cytokines (IFNg) and activated T-cell subsets (HLADR+Ki67+). Conclusions: PD-L1 tumor expression and T-cell gene signature correlate with response to MPDL3280A. MPDL3280A therapy led to T-cell reactivation and restored antitumor immunity. These data provide mechanistic insights into immunotherapy and support pt selection for treatment with MPDL3280A monotherapy. Clinical trial information: NCT01375842.
DNA Methylation Signature Reveals Cell Ontogeny of Renal Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Gabriel G. Malouf, Xiaoping Su, Jianping Zhang, Chad J. Creighton, Thai H. Ho, Yue Lu, Noël J.-M. Raynal, Jose A. Karam, Pheroze Tamboli, Frederick Allanick, Roger Mouawad, Jean-Philippe Spano, David Khayat, Christopher G. Wood, Jaroslav Jelinek, Nizar M. Tannir
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

DNA methylation is a heritable covalent modification that is developmentally regulated and is critical in tissue-type definition. Although genotype-phenotype correlations have been described for different subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), it is unknown if DNA methylation profiles correlate with morphological or ontology based phenotypes. Here, we test the hypothesis that DNA methylation signatures can discriminate between putative precursor cells in the nephron.We performed deep profiling of DNA methylation and transcriptome in diverse histopathological RCC subtypes and validated DNA methylation in an independent dataset as well as in The Cancer Genome Atlas Clear Cell and Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma Datasets.Our data provide the first mapping of methylome epi-signature and indicate that RCC subtypes can be grouped into two major epi-clusters: C1, which encompasses clear-cell RCC, papillary RCC, mucinous and spindle cell carcinomas and translocation RCC; C2, which comprises oncocytoma and chromophobe RCC. Interestingly, C1 epi-cluster displayed 3-fold more hypermethylation as compared with C2 epi-cluster. Of note, differentially methylated regions between C1 and C2 epi-clusters occur in gene bodies and intergenic regions, instead of gene promoters. Transcriptome analysis of C1 epi-cluster suggests a functional convergence on Polycomb targets, whereas C2 epi-cluster displays DNA methylation defects. Furthermore, we find that our epigenetic ontogeny signature is associated with worse outcomes of patients with clear-cell RCC.Our data define the epi-clusters that can discriminate between distinct RCC subtypes and for the first time define the epigenetic basis for proximal versus distal tubule derived kidney tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6236-46. ©2016 AACR.
Case 38-1968
Authors: Alan C. Aisenberg, Richard B. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Presentation of Case First admission. A twenty-two-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a painless cervical mass.He had been well until one year previously, when slight swelling of the cervical lymph nodes developed, without fever or rash. Tests for mononucleosis were negative. Penicillin was administered; the lymph-node swelling subsided within a week. Two weeks before entry a left cervical lymph node became enlarged, and slight anorexia and mild fatigue occurred. There had been no pruritus, fever, sweats, sore throat or intolerance of alcohol. He had taken no other medication.Examination of the eyes, ears, nose and throat . . .
Seroprevalence of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus in Australian blood donors, October – December 2009
Authors: J McVernon, K Laurie, T Nolan, R Owen, D Irving, H Capper, C Hyland, H Faddy, L Carolan, I Barr, A Kelso
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
PTU-074 Optimising crohn’s disease treatment based on the rutgeerts’ score 12 months after ileo-colic resection improves clinical outcomes at 3 years compared to standard practice
Authors: BS Kailey, PA Blaker, L Macken, D Rajashekar, AW Harris
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Clinical relapse of Crohn’s Disease (CD) occurs in 20–30% of patients at 1 year following intestinal resection, increasing by 10% per year without treatment.<sup>1</sup>Work by Rutgeerts’ <i><i>et al</i>.</i><sup>2</sup>within a tertiary centre supports the practice of ileo-colonoscopy 12 months post-resection to assess endoluminal recurrence, however the validity of this practice is unclear in a general hospital setting. The European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) recommend the use of the Rutgeerts’ score at 12 months following ileo-colic resection to guide treatment decisions. This is not supported by the current BSG guidelines. The aim of this study is to assess the utility of the 12-month Rutgeerts’ score to improve clinical outcomes at 3 years following ileo-colic resection. <h3>Method</h3> Prospective analysis of 50 patients with CD requiring ileo-colic resection and primary anastomosis in a District General Hospital (DGH) between 2005–2011. Thirty eight of fifty patients underwent endoscopic appraisal of the pre-anastomotic ileum by a single expert observer (AWH) 12 months following resection. Patients with high risk lesions (≥ i3) were offered a step-up in treatment. Patients with low risk-lesions (i0-i1) had their treatment stopped completely or continued on their current regimen. Clinical outcomes at 3 years were compared between these 38 patients and 12 of 50 patients who refused 12 month endoscopic appraisal and received standard care. Fisher’s Exact Test was used to compare groups. <h3>Results</h3> Thirty six of thirty eight patients whose treatment was guided by 12 month endoscopic appraisal remained in steroid and symptom-free remission at 3 years. In comparison 5 of 12 patients receiving standard care suffered recurrence. The difference in clinical outcomes at 3 years between groups was significant (P = 0.0059, OR 12.86 (95% CI 2.064–80.09); Fisher’s Exact Test). There was trend towards higher Rutgeerts’ scores (≥ i3, <i>n = 2</i>0) being associated with a higher risk of disease relapse at 3 years as compared to low Rutgeerts’ scores (i0-i1, <i>n = 1</i>7) but this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.0606, OR 10.00 (95% CI 0.993–100.7)). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In comparison with standard practice, optimising treatment paradigms guided by the Rutgeerts’ score 12 months following ileo-colic resection improves clinical outcomes at 3 years in DGH practice. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Carter MJ, <i>et al</i>. Gut 2004;<b>53</b>(Suppl V):v1-v16 Rutgeerts P, <i>et al</i>. Gastroenterology 1990;99(4):956–63
Multimedia: Minor Surgery and Skin Lesions: Diagnosis and Management on CD-ROM
Authors: M A Casson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Roger Kneebone, Julia Schofield

Primal Pictures, London, £65

ISBN 1 902470 05 2

———————

Rating: ★★★

  Minor Surgery and Skin Lesions presents in a spectacular way minor surgical techniques, and I have never seen them illustrated before with such clarity. The cartoon-like animations and the clear sound track answer many questions that, because of their apparent simplicity, are never asked lest the questioner betrays his ignorance, like the emperor’s new clothes. Having practised minor surgery in general practice for 30 years, I found new solutions to many simple problems that I tackled with what I thought was common sense, which is the enemy, I fear, of progress.

Minor surgery has become much more important to general practitioners, who are being encouraged for many reasons to carry out these minor procedures in their practices. Apart from being lucrative, minor surgery is a satisfying aspect of general practice. This CD Rom will also appeal to junior hospital medical staff, who are often thrown in at the deep end by their senior surgical colleagues and expected to carry out minor surgery lists with little training or supervision.

I learnt several simple but valuable points, such as the optimum ratio between the length and width of an ellipse excision and that the excision should be started at the apices and extend to the middle, which may be obvious but need stressing and quantifying. The medicolegal precautions that need to be taken were dealt with succinctly, as were many other aspects of medical practice. The exact anticipated size of any resultant scar and the possibility of a keloid forming must be carefully explained to patients beforehand.

The humility born of great experience shows itself clearly in the patient education leaflet, and in the advice to send all removed tissue for histology no matter how benign the lesion may seem. The authors’ backgrounds—a surgeon who became a general practitioner and a general practitioner who became a dermatologist—may account for the breadth of understanding of the topic.

The only flaw was the frustration of having to transfer from the main text to illustrations and related matters through the red and orange icons, but this drawback may be of little importance when using this CD as a reference source. Apart from this minor quibble, I found that Minor Surgery and Skin Lesions presents much factual information in a very agreeable and enjoyable form.
Immunization against the Common Cold
Authors: C R PENGELLY
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Datta7 recently reported the isolation since July 1962 of 17 strains, 10 of human origin and 7 from pigs, of S. typhinizuriuni resistant to ampicillin.All were of phage type la, and all were also resistant to streptomycin, tetracycline, and sulphonamides (except that one strain was sensitive to streptomycin), and this resistance was transferable.Resistance to ampicillin and to benzyl penicillin was shown to be due to their destruction.It has since been verified that these organisms form a penicillinase (P-lactamase).Anderson and M. J. Lewis8 now report further isolations of ampicillin- resistant strains of S. typhimuriutmi, of a different phage type, 29.Of 450 strains isolated between December last and February, 273 had some pattern of drug resistance, usually transmissible, and 168 of these (118 animal and 50 human)
Use of ECT with treatment-resistant depressed patients at the National Institute of Mental Health
Authors: S M Paul, I Extein, H M Calil, W Z Potter, P Chodoff, F K Goodwin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

The authors review the use of ECT with nine seriously depressed patients at the National Institute of Mental Health over the past 8 years. Despite the patients' poor prior response to a variety of pharmacological treatments, only one patient failed to show a complete response to ECT. With most patients, improvement was quite rapid and dramatic, and all of the ECT responders were free of depression for at least 1 year after treatment. These results are consistent with previous studies; they deserve reemphasis now in light of recent controversies over ECT, including legislative and judicial attempts to restrict its use.
Aplastic anemia treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a report on 49 new cases from Seattle
Authors: R Storb, ED Thomas, PL Weiden, CD Buckner, RA Clift, A Fefer, LP Fernando, ER Giblett, BW Goodell, FL Johnson, KG Lerner, PE Neiman, JE Sanders
Journal: Blood (1976)
Mutations in AP3D1 associated with immunodeficiency and seizures define a new type of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome
Authors: Sandra Ammann, Ansgar Schulz, Ingeborg Krägeloh-Mann, Nele M. G. Dieckmann, Klaus Niethammer, Sebastian Fuchs, Katja Martina Eckl, Roswitha Plank, Roland Werner, Janine Altmüller, Holger Thiele, Peter Nürnberg, Julia Bank, Anne Strauss, Horst von Bernuth, Udo zur Stadt, Samantha Grieve, Gillian M. Griffiths, Kai Lehmberg, Hans Christian Hennies, Stephan Ehl
Journal: Blood (2016)
G19.4(alpha CD3) x B43(alpha CD19) monoclonal antibody heteroconjugate triggers CD19 antigen-specific lysis of t(4;11) acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells by activated CD3 antigen-positive cytotoxic T cells
Authors: PM Anderson, W Crist, D Hasz, AJ Carroll, DE Myers, FM Uckun
Journal: Blood (1992)