tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treating and Preventing Anthrax
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Relieving oxidative stress in immune cells
Authors: Kamil R. Kranc, Elaine Dzierzak
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2015)

![Figure][1] 

Insight from Kamil Kranc (left) and Elaine Dzierzak (right)



Reticular dysgenesis (RD) is the most severe form of human severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). It is associated with mutations in adenylate kinase 2 (AK2), the mitochondrial intermembrane space enzyme that
Expression of Circulating Muscarinic Receptors in Infants With Severe Idiopathic Life-Threatening Events
Authors: Chris Adamopoulos, Hugues Greney, Maxime Beutelstetter, Pascal Bousquet, Angelo Livolsi
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2016)

About half of the apparent life-threatening events (ALTEs) that occur among infants remain unexplained and are called idiopathic. 1 Yet there is no biomarker associated with idiopathic ALTEs.3][4] We investigate the M 2 muscarinic receptors' expression in the blood samples of infants who experienced severe ALTEs.Methods | We prospectively enrolled 17 consecutive, previously healthy infants (age, <1 year) who had a first episode of severe ALTE, which is defined as a sudden episode that is characterized by some combination of apnea, color change, marked change in muscle tone, choking, or gagging. 5Severity was defined as direct admission to an intensive care unit shortly after the event.Blood samples for M 2 analysis were collected at admission, and the diagnostic workup started after admission.Cases with no specific diagnosis were classified as idiopathic. 5,6After the diagnostic procedure was performed for all 17 infants, it was determined that 5 had idiopathic ALTEs and 12 had ALTEs of known etiology.A third group consisted of 9 healthy control infants who had no family history of ALTE/ SIDS.The study was conducted in accordance with the national regulations on medical research, and written informed consent was obtained from the infants' parents/guardians.Whole-blood samples were collected in PaxGene Blood RNA Tubes (Qiagen/BD).Total RNA was extracted with the Pax-Gene RNA kit (Qiagen); 200 ng of total RNA were reverse transcribed into complementary DNA using the iScript cDNA Synthesis kit (Biorad).M 2 gene expression was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using a specific primer for the M 2 receptor gene CHRM2 (F: AAGACCCC-GTTTCTCCAAGT; R: GAGGCAACAGCACTGACTGA).The rabbit 18S housekeeping gene (F: CCTGCGGCTTAATTTGACTC;
Prognostic Value of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Suspected Coronary Heart Disease: Long-Term Follow-up of a Prospective, Diagnostic Accuracy Cohort Study
Authors: John P. Greenwood, Bernhard A. Herzog, Julia M. Brown, Colin C. Everett, Jane Nixon, Petra Bijsterveld, Neil Maredia, Manish Motwani, Catherine J. Dickinson, Stephen G. Ball, Sven Plein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Background: There are no prospective, prognostic data comparing cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in the same population of patients with suspected coronary heart disease (CHD). Objective: To establish the ability of CMR and SPECT to predict major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Design: Annual follow-up of the CE-MARC (Clinical Evaluation of MAgnetic Resonance imaging in Coronary heart disease) study for a minimum of 5 years for MACEs (cardiovascular death, acute coronary syndrome, unscheduled revascularization or hospital admission for cardiovascular cause). (Current Controlled Trials registration: ISRCTN77246133) Setting: Secondary and tertiary care cardiology services. Participants: 752 patients from the CE-MARC study who were being investigated for suspected CHD. Measurements: Prediction of time to MACE was assessed by using univariable (log-rank test) and multivariable (Cox proportional hazards regression) analysis. Results: 744 (99%) of the 752 recruited patients had complete follow-up. Of 628 who underwent CMR, SPECT, and the reference standard test of X-ray angiography, 104 (16.6%) had at least 1 MACE. Abnormal findings on CMR (hazard ratio, 2.77 [95% CI, 1.85 to 4.16]; P < 0.001) and SPECT (hazard ratio, 1.62 [CI, 1.11 to 2.38; P = 0.014) were both strong and independent predictors of MACE. Only CMR remained a significant predictor after adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors, angiography result, or stratification for initial patient treatment. Limitation: Data are from a single-center observational study (albeit conducted in a high-volume institution for both CMR and SPECT). Conclusion: Five-year follow-up of the CE-MARC study indicates that compared with SPECT, CMR is a stronger predictor of risk for MACEs, independent of cardiovascular risk factors, angiography result, or initial patient treatment. This further supports the role of CMR as an alternative to SPECT for the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected CHD. Primary Funding Source: British Heart Foundation.
Multicenter prospective trial of customized erlotinib for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (p) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations: Final results of the Spanish Lung Cancer Group (SLCG) trial
Authors: B. Massuti, T. Morán, R. Porta, C. Queralt, F. Cardenal, C. Mayo, C. Camps, M. Majem, M. Tarón, R. Rosell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

8023 Background: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of erlotinib and the feasibility of screening for EGFR mutations in advanced NSCLC p (chemonaive or relapsed after 2 prior chemotherapy regimens). Methods: Exon 19 deletions and L858R mutations in tumor and paired serum DNA were assessed in one central laboratory, using three different techniques. Results: From April 2005 to December 2008, 2507 p were screened. EGFR mutations were detected in 358 p; 217 were entered on the trial: 158 (72.8%) female; 148 (68.2%) never-smokers; 176 (81.1%) adenocarcinoma; 134 (62.3%) exon 19 deletion, 83 (37.7%) L858R mutation; 112 (51.6%) first-line, 104 (48.4%) second-line. Response in 139/197 evaluable p (70.6%); complete response (CR) in 24 p (12.2%). Odds ratio for response: 3 for p with exon 19 deletion (P=0.001). Time to progression (TTP): 14 months (m). Median survival (MS): 27 m. MS according to response shown in table. Cox model for TTP showed that male gender (hazard ratio [HR], 2.3; P=0.001), L858R mutation (HR, 1.8; P=0.008), and mutated EGFR in serum (HR,1.6; P=0.03) had a negative impact. Conclusions: A multicenter study of customized erlotinib, using a central screening laboratory, is feasible and shows the outstanding benefit to p for selecting erlotinib treatment based on EGFR mutation status. The SLCG has initiated a randomized trial of first-line erlotinib vs chemotherapy. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Bfr (bendamustine, fludarabine, rituximab) Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Conditioning: A Novel Regimen Inducing Immunosuppression Without Myelosuppression
Authors: Issa F. Khouri, Wei Wei, Rosamar Valverde, Martin Korbling, Francesco Turturro, Alison M Gulbis, Maria Guillermo-Pacheco, Sairah Ahmed, Amin Alousi, Betul Oran, Paolo Anderlini, Stefan O Ciurea, Chitra M. Hosing, Uday R Popat, Elias Jabbour, Richard E Champlin, Roland Bassett
Journal: Blood (2013)
CKD Progression and Mortality among Hispanics and Non-Hispanics
Authors: Michael J. Fischer, Jesse Y. Hsu, Claudia M. Lora, Ana C. Ricardo, Amanda H. Anderson, Lydia Bazzano, Magdalena M. Cuevas, Chi-yuan Hsu, John W. Kusek, Amada Renteria, Akinlolu O. Ojo, Dominic S. Raj, Sylvia E. Rosas, Qiang Pan, Kristine Yaffe, Alan S. Go, James P. Lash
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2016)

Although recommended approaches to CKD management are achieved less often in Hispanics than in non-Hispanics, whether long-term outcomes differ between these groups is unclear. In a prospective longitudinal analysis of participants enrolled into the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) and Hispanic-CRIC Studies, we used Cox proportional hazards models to determine the association between race/ethnicity, CKD progression (50% eGFR loss or incident ESRD), incident ESRD, and all-cause mortality, and linear mixed-effects models to assess differences in eGFR slope. Among 3785 participants, 13% were Hispanic, 43% were non-Hispanic white (NHW), and 44% were non-Hispanic black (NHB). Over a median follow-up of 5.1 years for Hispanics and 6.8 years for non-Hispanics, 27.6% of all participants had CKD progression, 21.3% reached incident ESRD, and 18.3% died. Hispanics had significantly higher rates of CKD progression, incident ESRD, and mean annual decline in eGFR than did NHW ( P &lt;0.05) but not NHB. Hispanics had a mortality rate similar to that of NHW but lower than that of NHB ( P &lt;0.05). In adjusted analyses, the risk of CKD progression did not differ between Hispanics and NHW or NHB. However, among nondiabetic participants, compared with NHB, Hispanics had a lower risk of CKD progression (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.39 to 0.95) and incident ESRD (hazard ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.30 to 0.84). At higher levels of urine protein, Hispanics had a significantly lower risk of mortality than did non-Hispanics ( P &lt;0.05). Thus, important differences in CKD progression and mortality exist between Hispanics and non-Hispanics and may be affected by proteinuria and diabetes.
The influence of efaproxiral on breast cancer xenograft hypoxia and HIF-1-alpha expression
Authors: B. D. Kavanagh, R. P. Steffen, B. Frederick, B. Solomon, D. Chan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

10102 Background: Efaproxiral (E), a synthetic allosteric modifier of hemoglobin, has demonstrated clinical safety and efficacy as a radiosensitizer in patients with brain metastases from breast cancer. Although shown to enhance oxygenation in a murine mammary tumor, efaproxiral has not previously been tested in a human breast cancer xenograft. We studied changes in tumor oxygenation in a human xenograft and evaluated whether efaproxiral induces cell signaling events of potential therapeutic value. Methods: MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells in matrigel were injected into the flank of nude mice. After tumors grew to 1–1.5 cm, animals were subjected to 1 of 3 treatments: ip saline +room air breathing (RA), ip saline + 50% oxygen breathing (O2), or ip efaproxiral (300 mg/kg) + 50% oxygen breathing (E+O2). Twenty minutes later the hypoxia marker, pimonidazole (pimo), was given, and 70 minutes later tumors were harvested for immunohistochemical study of hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1-α) and RNA extraction to identify early changes in gene expression. Image analysis software was used to quantify observations. Results: Tumor hypoxia and HIF1-α staining were significantly decreased by efaproxiral (Table). HIF1-α staining did not entirely colocalize with pimo, implying different oxygen tension levels for HIF1-α ubiquitination and pimo reduction. Gene arrays indicated that after E+O2, expression of the hypoxia-induced DR1 transcription repressor was reduced compared with O2. Conclusions: The combination of E+O2 reduced hypoxia and HIF1-α expression in MDA-MB-468 human breast tumors in vivo, and an early effect on gene expression was reduced DR1. The results demonstrate an efaproxiral-mediated enhanced oxygenation of human hypoxic breast cancer. Furthermore, the efaproxiral-mediated down-regulation of HIF1-α suggests possible new opportunities in the clinical application of efaproxiral, notably as an adjuvant to systemic agents for which HIF1-α-mediated resistance limits efficacy. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
SP0002 Eular Congress 2015: Vision from the Chair Elect for HP and Insights into the Programme; Key Points
Authors: A. Redmond
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

This presentation welcomes HP delegates to the congress and introduces the incoming Chair of the HPs Standing Committee, Tony Redmond. Professor Redmond is a podiatrist by clinical background and will take over the chair from Sue Oliver at the close of Congress. In standing for Chair Tony has set out three priority areas education, research and advocacy for HP9s within EULAR and in this session he will set out his plans for his two-year term of office. The presentation will start by describing plans around the online education course and a project to define competencies in ultrasound imaging and standards of care in HP practice. As a researcher in a large medical research institute Tony will bring a slightly different perspective on HP research and will be leading the charge for the HP community to rise to the challenge of establishing HP research firmly alongside that of medical and scientific colleagues. Finally the presentation will cover plans for HPs which will help ensure that their value is recognized and included in local, national and international policy and service planning. As chair-elect Tony has been closely involved in the planning for the 2015 congress and the session will close with a review of highlights from the 2015 programme and some insights into plans for future congresses. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Factors Affecting the Preventability of Stroke—Reply
Authors: Mark Fisher, Lisa Moores, Annlia Paganini-Hill
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Incidental finding of pulmonary nodule on CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) in view of current surveillance recommendations: Is any lung cancer screening protocol applicable?
Authors: O. C. Enrizo, T. Baykaner, M. J. Janicek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

1597 Background: Incidental finding of pulmonary nodules on CT is frequent and application of cancer screening derived follow up (f/u) algorithms could produce multiple repeated scans with low yield, high cumulative cost and radiation burden. Rationale of current standard recommendations was tested with respect to the size and number of nodules, age, prior cancer history in population of adults over age of 20 subjected to CTPA for chest pain. Methods: The frequency of incidental finding of pulmonary nodule was reviewed in 1434 CTPA done at BU over 1 year (2006) with benefit of 3 year f/u. Clinicians adherence to radiologist's recommendation of f/u at 3, 6, and 12 months depending on cancer risk and dominant nodule size, and diagnostic yield of f/u studies were reviewed. Results: 43 patients (pts) with history of cancer were followed on specific protocols. In pts with no cancer history, the incidence of CTPA with incidental pulmonary nodules was 17.6%. No f/u was recommended in 80 (31.6%) pts due to review of prior imaging or characteristics of nodules, 10 (4%) pts were directed straight to PETCT or biopsy with 100% compliance; cancer detected in 9 pts. 3 month f/u was recommended in 60 pts with 66.6% compliance, progression in 6 pts (0% for < 5 mm). 6 month f/u was recommended in 24 pts with 50% compliance, progression in 3 pts (2/3 with < 5 mm nodules) only 1 had malignancy. 12 month f/u was recommended in 14 pts with 42.8% compliance, none progressed. Generic f/u without specified interval was recommended in 59 pts, accomplished in 35.6% with progression detected in 0%. Conclusions: High frequency of incidental findings of lung nodules in pts with no history of cancer requires concrete and standardized f/u recommendations to avoid cumulative imaging with low efficacy. Imaging characteristics prompting immediate PETCT/biopsy or short f/u were associated with significantly higher compliance and diagnostic yield compared to generic recommendations or 12 month f/u. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Particulate Oxidative Burden as a Predictor of Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Children with Asthma
Authors: Caitlin L. Maikawa, Scott Weichenthal, Amanda J. Wheeler, Nina A. Dobbin, Audrey Smargiassi, Greg Evans, Ling Liu, Mark S. Goldberg, Krystal J. Godri Pollitt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Epidemiological studies have provided strong evidence that fine particulate matter (PM2.5; aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) can exacerbate asthmatic symptoms in children. Pro-oxidant components of PM2.5 are capable of directly generating reactive oxygen species. Oxidative burden is used to describe the capacity of PM2.5 to generate reactive oxygen species in the lung.In this study we investigated the association between airway inflammation in asthmatic children and oxidative burden of PM2.5 personal exposure.Daily PM2.5 personal exposure samples (n = 249) of 62 asthmatic school-aged children in Montreal were collected over 10 consecutive days. The oxidative burden of PM2.5 samples was determined in vitro as the depletion of low-molecular-weight antioxidants (ascorbate and glutathione) from a synthetic model of the fluid lining the respiratory tract. Airway inflammation was measured daily as fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO).A positive association was identified between FeNO and glutathione-related oxidative burden exposure in the previous 24 hr (6.0% increase per interquartile range change in glutathione). Glutathione-related oxidative burden was further found to be positively associated with FeNO over 1-day lag and 2-day lag periods. Results further demonstrate that corticosteroid use may reduce the FeNO response to elevated glutathione-related oxidative burden exposure (no use, 15.8%; irregular use, 3.8%), whereas mold (22.1%), dust (10.6%), or fur (13.1%) allergies may increase FeNO in children with versus children without these allergies (11.5%). No association was found between PM2.5 mass or ascorbate-related oxidative burden and FeNO levels.Exposure to PM2.5 with elevated glutathione-related oxidative burden was associated with increased FeNO.Maikawa CL, Weichenthal S, Wheeler AJ, Dobbin NA, Smargiassi A, Evans G, Liu L, Goldberg MS, Godri Pollitt KJ. 2016. Particulate oxidative burden as a predictor of exhaled nitric oxide in children with asthma. Environ Health Perspect 124:1616-1622; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP175.
Down-regulation of central dopamine receptors in schizophrenia
Authors: F P Zemlan, R J Hitzemann, J Hirschowitz, D L Garver
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

CSF homovanillic acid (HVA) levels reflecting central dopamine release and apomorphine-stimulated human growth hormone (HGH) secretion reflecting central dopamine receptor activity were concomitantly determined in 20 schizophrenic patients. There was a strong negative correlation between HVA and HGH levels: high dopamine release was associated with lower HGH responses to dopamine receptor activation by apomorphine. Studies are reviewed which suggest that the presently observed relationship reflects release-mediated down-regulation of central D2 receptors, the dopamine receptor subtype associated with the antipsychotic properties of neuroleptic medication.
Alcoholism screening in advanced cancer patients: Impact on symptom burden and opioid use
Authors: H. A. Parsons, M. O. Delgado-Guay, B. E. El Osta, R. Chacko, V. Poulter, Z. Li, J. L. Palmer, E. Bruera
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

9543 Background: Alcoholism is frequently underdiagnosed in cancer patients. Preliminary studies suggest that it is associated with increased symptom expression and opioid dose escalation. The CAGE questionnaire (Cut, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener) has sensitivity greater than 85% and specificity around 90% for the screening of alcoholism. CAGE is routinely administered to all our consults. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of positive screening for alcoholism and its association with symptom burden and opioid use. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 665 consecutive charts of advanced cancer patients seen in the outpatient palliative care clinic since January 2007 to find the first 100 CAGE+ and 100 CAGE- patients. Demographic information, opioid dosage (Morphine Equivalent Daily Dosage, MEDD) and symptoms (Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale, ESAS) for the first consult and followup visit were collected. Results: CAGE information was available for 598(90%) patients. CAGE was positive in 17% of the study population. Patients with Head and Neck tumors screened positive for alcoholism significantly more frequently (35% versus 14%, p<0.0001). There was no difference in frequency of CAGE+ according to ethnicity or age. 200 patients were analyzed for symptoms and dose: median age was 60(range 21–89), 81(41%) were female, 75% were White. Median total symptom distress (ESAS, 0–90) was significantly higher at consultation for the CAGE+ group (39±15 versus 31±16, p<0.01). At consultation, CAGE+ patients had greater median ESAS (0–10) scores for pain (6 versus 4, p<0.01), dyspnea (3 versus 2, p<0.05), and sleep (5 versus 4, p<0.05). Symptom control improved in both groups. CAGE+ patients were more likely to be on strong opioids at consultation (p<0.005). For patients already on opioids, MEDD (range, mg/day) at baseline was 266(7.5–2150) in CAGE- patients versus 147(15–900) in CAGE+ patients (p=NS) and at follow up it was 125(0–1800) for CAGE- patients and 108(0–750) for CAGE+ patients (p=NS). Conclusions: CAGE was positive in 17% of the study population. These patients had more symptom distress and opioid prescription at baseline. The palliative care team successfully improved symptom control in both groups without opioid dose escalation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.