tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness,safety and tolerability of codeine in cancer patients
Authors: G. L. Moura, M. Giublin, L. Albini, R. Pasquini, K. Viana, F. Chicoski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

18577 Background: In 1984 WHO guidelines for cancer pain was proposed. Codeine was selected among several others drugs when pain ladder step II was required. Since then very few comparative studies have been performed. Codein is a weak opioid and its analgesic action is not completely understood. A possible conversion into morphine is postulated. To determine efficacy, safety and tolerability of codein in advanced cancer patient we designed a prospective cohort study. Methods 150 metastatic cancer patients were studied during six months. A standard zero to then table scale for pain rating was used. The malignacies were: prostate 15 (10%), breast 42 (28%), lung 33 (22%), colon 37 (24.6%), other cancer 23 (15.3%). 62 patients were under treatment (41.3%). Results: There were: 83 M (55.3%) 67 F(44,7%) and the mean age was 62 years. Mean initial and final pain score were 7.1 and 1.3 respectively. Codein dose range from 30 mg/day to 270 mg/day (mean dose 180 mg/day). The average time of use was 13,7 months. Severe toxicity was 0% and the most often side effect was constipation (38.7%). Adjuvant drugs were used in 97 patients (64.7%) of patients. Uncontrolled pain ocurred in 17 patients (11.3%). Conclusions: During the last decade a great increase in the range of opioid agents and formulations available have emerged. Codein still represents an excellent drug for patients with long life expectancy. Side effects are manageable and are mainly constipation. Pain control was achieved in the majority of patients. Codein showed a low toxicity profile with a high compliance rate. Economic reasons must be strongly consider in poor countries and codein represents a good alternative option. Future comparative studies addressing also quality of life should be performed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Effectiveness of an App for Reducing Preoperative Anxiety in Children
Authors: Stefano Liguori, Massimiliano Stacchini, Daniele Ciofi, Nicole Olivini, Sofia Bisogni, Filippo Festini
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Effective methods to reduce children’s preoperative anxiety (such as giving information beforehand, organizing a tour of the operating room [OR] before the intervention, and incorporating clown physicians) may be difficult to implement for some hospitals, as they are time-consuming and expensive and require hospital staff to be performed. <h3>Objective</h3> To test the effectiveness of Clickamico, an app that shows clown physicians giving a comical and informative tour of the OR, for reducing preoperative anxiety in children. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This unblinded randomized clinical trial included 40 children aged 6 to 11 years undergoing a planned surgical intervention at a third-level Italian pediatric hospital from December 2013 to September 2014 randomized into experimental (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups. <h3>Interventions</h3> The experimental intervention was a 6-minute video showing 2 clown physicians visiting the OR and explaining to each other what is in the OR in a joking way. The video was shown on a tablet to children in the experimental group the afternoon preceding a planned surgical procedure. The control intervention was the standard informative intervention regarding the surgical procedure the next day. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The main outcome was preoperative anxiety. Preoperative anxiety was measured before the experimental and control interventions and immediately before entering the OR using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS). <h3>Results</h3> The experimental and control groups were homogeneous with regard to age (mean [SD] age, 8.8 [2.5] vs 8.6 [2.2] years), sex (female, 11 [55.0%] vs 9 [45.0%]), parents’ age (mean [SD] age, 41.8 [6.2] vs 41.3 [5.0] years), and previous surgical procedures (already underwent surgical procedure, 9 [45.0%] vs 10 [50.0%]). The initial mean (SD) m-YPAS scores were 37.3 (21.7) and 37.1 (13.8) for the experimental and control groups, respectively; the mean (SD) m-YPAS scores when entering the OR were 33.0 (18.4) and 48.6 (15.9), respectively (<i>P</i> = .009). The mean (SD) difference between the m-YPAS score at the first and second measurements of each participant was −2.8 (7.2) in the experimental group and 10.7 (10.8) in the control group. The 13.5-point difference between these averages was statistically significant (<i>P</i> = .003). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The app was effective in reducing preoperative anxiety in Italian children admitted to an Italian National Health System pediatric hospital and may act as a substitute for staff-provided interventions, allowing possible reductions of hospital costs. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT01688115
Risk Factors and Outcomes for Patients With Follicular Lymphoma Who Had Histologic Transformation After Response to First-Line Immunochemotherapy in the PRIMA Trial
Authors: Clémentine Sarkozy, Marek Trneny, Luc Xerri, Nick Wickham, Pierre Feugier, Sirpa Leppa, Pauline Brice, Pierre Soubeyran, Maria Gomes Da Silva, Christiane Mounier, Fritz Offner, Jehan Dupuis, Dolores Caballero, Danielle Canioni, Marlton Paula, Richard Delarue, Pierre Zachee, John Seymour, Gilles Salles, Hervé Tilly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

Purpose To study the outcome of histologic transformation (HT) in a large prospective cohort of patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) who previously responded to immunochemotherapy. Patients and Methods After a median 6-year follow-up of 1,018 randomly assigned patients from the PRIMA trial, disease progression was observed in 463 patients, 194 of whom had histologic documentation. Results Forty patients had histology consistent with HT, and 154 had untransformed FL (median time to recurrence, 9.6 v 22.8 months, respectively; P = .018). Thirty-seven percent of biopsies performed during the first year of follow-up showed HT corresponding to 58% of all HTs. Altered performance status, anemia, high lactate dehydrogenase level, “B” symptoms, histologic grade 3a, and high Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index scores at diagnosis were identified as HT risk factors. Response (complete v partial) to immunochemotherapy or rituximab maintenance had no impact on the risk of HT. After salvage treatment, patients with HT had less frequent complete response (50.3% v 67.4%; P = .03) and more disease progression (28.2% v 9.6%; P &lt; .001) than patients without HT. Estimated overall survival for the patients with HT was poorer (median, 3.8 v 6.4 years; hazard ratio, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.2 to 6.9). Autologous stem cell transplantation improved the outcomes of patients with HT (median overall survival, not reached v 1.7 years) but not of patients with persistent FL histology. Conclusion HT in patients with FL who previously responded to immunochemotherapy is an early event associated with a poor outcome that may deserve intensive salvage with autologous stem cell transplantation. These data emphasize the necessity for biopsy at the first recurrence of FL.
Annual Killifish Transcriptomics and Candidate Genes for Metazoan Diapause
Authors: Andrew W. Thompson, Guillermo Ortí
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2016)

Dormancy has evolved in all major metazoan lineages. It is critical for survival when environmental stresses are not conducive to growth, maturation, or reproduction. Embryonic diapause is a form of dormancy where development is reversibly delayed and metabolism is depressed. We report the diapause transcriptome of the annual killifish Nematolebias whitei, and compare gene expression between diapause embryos and free-living larvae to identify a candidate set of 945 differentially expressed "diapause" genes for this species. Similarity of transcriptional patterns among N. whitei and other diapausing animals is striking for a small set of genes associated with stress resistance, circadian rhythm, and metabolism, while other genes show discordant patterns. Although convergent evolution of diapause may require shared molecular mechanisms for fundamental processes, similar physiological phenotypes also may arise through modification of alternative pathways. Annual killifishes are a tractable model system for comparative transcriptomic studies on the evolution of diapause.
RO-03OTOTOXICITY AND COCHLEAR SPARING IN CHILDREN WITH MEDULLOBLASTOMA: PROTON VS. PHOTON RADIOTHERAPY
Authors: Arnold Paulino, Anita Mahajan, Victor Mangona, David Grosshans, M. Fatih Okcu, Jack Su, Mary Frances McAleer, Susan McGovern, Murali Chintagumpala
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Quality and Safety in Health Care, Part VI
Authors: Jay A. Harolds
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

One of the most important aspects of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Crossing the Quality Chasm. A New Health System for the 21st Century report (Chasm report) was that 6 major aims for US health care were set forth. In addition, the report indicated that health care in the United States care should be redesigned in accordance with 10 enumerated rules. There were other recommendations as well, to try to bridge the huge gap between the health care many people in the United States receive and what they should receive.
TB-02UPFRONT, REAL-TIME TUMOR AND GERMLINE SEQUENCING OF PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR PATIENTS: THE UCSF EXPERIENCE
Authors: Cassie Kline, David Solomon, Arie Perry, Boris Bastian, Nancy Joseph, Joanna Phillips, Tarik Tihan, Iwei Yeh, Jessica Van Ziffle, James Grenert, Andrew Bollen, Sabine Mueller, Anuradha Banerjee, Nalin Gupta, Corey Raffel, Steve Braunstein, Soonmee Cha, Mariam Aboian, David Samuel, Joseph Torkildson, Alejandra de Alba Campomanes, Theodore Nicolaides
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Kenneth M. Kent
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Dilating atherosclerotic vascular obstructions by mechanical force was first described by Dotter and Judkins in 1964.1 Force was applied to the obstructing atheroma by passing catheters of increasing size through the stenoses. Although the technique was used infrequently in the United States, Zeitler et al. described a large series of patients in whom angioplasty by the Dotter technique was successful in peripheral arteries,2 with long-term follow-up demonstrating sustained patency of the dilated sites. Gruentzig developed a new method for applying mechanical force to atheroma — barotrauma with a balloon at the tip of a small catheter. This approach had the . . .
Adding Insult to Injury
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Weakened and frightened by illness, patients face an awesome barrage of medical information, technology, traditions, and jargon. Yet there is no other time when it is more important for them to participate in decisions about their medical care. No matter how expert or empathic the physician, it is the patient who endures or enjoys the outcomes of medical choices: the discomfort of diagnostic procedures, the disfigurement of surgery, the complications of drug therapy, and the joy of seemingly miraculous cures. We have come a long way from the paternalism in medicine that excluded patients from discussions about their own health. . . .
Use of problem-oriented medical record in psychiatry: a survey of university-based residency training programs
Authors: E H Liston
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

A survey of university-based psychiatric residency training programs revealed that nearly one-half of them use the problem-oriented medical record (POMR) and that conversion to this system appears to be growing rapidly. Experiences with the method have in general been positive. The author identifies factors associated with successful operation of the POMR and suggests that an integrated, hospital-wide adoption of the system may be crucial.
TCR repertoire sequencing identifies synovial Treg cell clonotypes in the bloodstream during active inflammation in human arthritis
Authors: Maura Rossetti, Roberto Spreafico, Alessandro Consolaro, Jing Yao Leong, Camillus Chua, Margherita Massa, Suzan Saidin, Silvia Magni-Manzoni, Thaschawee Arkachaisri, Carol A Wallace, Marco Gattorno, Alberto Martini, Daniel J Lovell, Salvatore Albani
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

The imbalance between effector and regulatory T (Treg) cells is crucial in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis. Immune responses are often investigated in the blood because of its accessibility, but circulating lymphocytes are not representative of those found in inflamed tissues. This disconnect hinders our understanding of the mechanisms underlying disease. Our goal was to identify Treg cells implicated in autoimmunity at the inflamed joints, and also readily detectable in the blood upon recirculation.We compared Treg cells of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis responding or not to therapy by using: (i) T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, to identify clonotypes shared between blood and synovial fluid; (ii) FOXP3 Treg cell-specific demethylated region DNA methylation assays, to investigate their stability and (iii) flow cytometry and suppression assays to probe their tolerogenic functions.We found a subset of synovial Treg cells that recirculated into the bloodstream of patients with juvenile idiopathic and adult rheumatoid arthritis. These inflammation-associated (ia)Treg cells, but not other blood Treg cells, expanded during active disease and proliferated in response to their cognate antigens. Despite the typical inflammatory-skewed balance of immune mechanisms in arthritis, iaTreg cells were stably committed to the regulatory lineage and fully suppressive. A fraction of iaTreg clonotypes were in common with pathogenic effector T cells.Using an innovative antigen-agnostic approach, we uncovered a population of bona fide synovial Treg cells readily accessible from the blood and selectively expanding during active disease, paving the way to non-invasive diagnostics and better understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmunity.
Target Ranges of Oxygen Saturation in Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: William O Tarnow-Mordi, Brian Darlow, Lex Doyle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

To the Editor: In the Surfactant, Positive Pressure, and Pulse Oximetry Randomized Trial (SUPPORT) (May 27 issue),1 which compared the effects of relatively high (91 to 95%) and low (85 to 89%) levels of oxygenation in extremely preterm infants, the incidence of severe retinopathy was substantially reduced in the group assigned to the lower target (P<0.001), but the mortality for this group before discharge was higher (P = 0.04). The independent data and safety monitoring committee in the Australian Benefits of Oxygen Saturation Targeting II (BOOST-II) trial and the New Zealand BOOST-NZ trial, whose protocols are similar to those in SUPPORT, has reviewed outcomes in 1352 patients. The committee reported no clear difference between the two oxygen targets in terms of the rate of death before hospital discharge. When considering the Australian BOOST-II and New Zealand BOOST-NZ trials in combination with SUPPORT, the committee found the uncertainty about the effects of treatment on mortality sufficient to recommend that recruitment continue. To our knowledge no such randomized controlled trial has reported survival free of disability in childhood, the major end point of all current oxygen-targeting trials. Until these results are known it would be premature to adopt either the higher or lower oxygen target for use in routine care. William O. Tarnow-Mordi, M.B., Ch.B.
Case 25-1970
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. McNeely, Leslie W. Ottinger, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 68-year-old man was admitted to a veterans' hospital because of nausea, vomiting and anorexia of one week's duration.Three days before entry he noticed increasing abdominal distention and obstipation. He had previously been well. He had consumed large quantities of alcohol.The patient was alert and complained of abdominal distress. The lungs were clear, and the heart was normal. The abdomen was distended and doughy; mild periumbilical tenderness was elicited; the bowel sounds were high-pitched. Rectal examination was negative.The temperature was 98°F, the pulse 90, and the respirations 22. The blood pressure was . . .
MEDICINE'S RECORD IN CONTINUING EDUCATION
Authors: H C SHIRKEY
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 294: Community-Based, Targeted CPR Education to Improve Survival From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in High-Risk Neighborhoods
Authors: Comilla Sasson, May Tran, Merida Carmona, Tuan Tran, Ariann Nassel, Thomas Califf
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: High-risk neighborhoods, defined as having a low prevalence of bystander CPR and high incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), may be targets for community-based interventions. The HANDDS Program(identifying H igh A rrest N eighborhoods to D ecrease D isparities in S urvival) is a novel intervention to target these neighborhoods to increase CPR awareness. Objective: Conduct a community-based clinical trial in Denver’s high-risk neighborhoods. Methods Population: Convenience sample of 344 participants recruited from target neighborhoods during 12-week study period. Intervention: Participants completed a pre-test survey to assess baseline knowledge of CPR. A group hands-only CPR training lasting 1 hour was conducted with the CPR Anytime kit, which includes an educational DVD and hands-on practical skills training. Participants then completed a survey to assess their post-training knowledge and were asked to use the kits to train others. A $10 incentive was given to participants. Two-sample t -tests were conducted to assess for differences in CPR knowledge pre- and post training. Results: Participants were Asian (50.0%), Black (35.6%), female (68.0%), had completed high school (26.8%), and had an annual income of less than $30,000 (37.1%). After the CPR intervention, the mean number of questions answered correctly on CPR knowledge increased ( Table 1): Majority of participants (84.6%) felt comfortable performing hands-only CPR after the intervention. Information was returned by 154 (44.8%) participants, with an additional 836 friends and family trained. Conclusion: A total of 1180 people were trained in hands-only CPR (average 3.43 people/kit). At $35 per CPR Anytime kit, this comes to a cost $10.20 for each person trained. Participants demonstrated increased knowledge of CPR and enthusiasm to train others. The HANDDS Program is a feasible method for increasing bystander CPR training in high-risk neighborhoods.
A Method for the Detection of &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-For-miminoglutamic Acid in Urine
Authors: Milton Silverman, Rita C. Gardiner, Paul T. Condit
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1958)

Journal Article A Method for the Detection of N-For-miminoglutamic Acid in Urine Get access Milton Silverman, Milton Silverman National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases,4 and National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rita C. Gardiner, Rita C. Gardiner National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases,4 and National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paul T. Condit Paul T. Condit National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases,4 and National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 20, Issue 1, January 1958, Pages 71–77, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/20.1.71 Published: 01 January 1958 Article history Received: 02 July 1957 Published: 01 January 1958
HG-74DEVELOPMENT OF ROBUST IN VITRO AND IN VIVO PRE-CLINICAL MODELS FOR DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMA
Authors: Sridevi Yadavilli, Xiaodong Yang, Lindsay Kilburn, Suresh Magge, Madhuri Kambhampati, Angela Waanders, Harry Han, Sabine Mueller, Adam Resnick, Roger Packer, Javad Nazarian
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Anaphylactoid Reaction to the Hydriodide of Diethylaminoethyl Ester of Penicillin G (Neo-Penil)
Authors: Bernard T. Fein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

JENSEN, Dragsted and Kiaer,1 in the course of their investigations, found a new penicillin, which in addition to its prolonged antibacterial effect, produced sputum and lung-tissue concentrations several times greater than those achieved with similar doses of sodium or procaine penicillin. Most of the problems encountered with penicillin sensitivity have been discussed by Peck and his associates.2 Severe reactions have been described by Cormia et al.,3 Wilensky4 and O'Donovan and Klorfajn.5 Waldbott6 reported a death that followed the intramuscular injection of penicillin, and Mayer and his co-workers7 recently presented 6 cases of anaphylactic-like shock syndrome, with 1 death.There have . . .
Autophagy in kidney disease and aging: lessons from rodent models
Authors: Olivia Lenoir, Pierre-Louis Tharaux, Tobias B. Huber
Journal: Kidney International (2016)

Autophagy is a highly regulated lysosomal protein degradation pathway that removes protein aggregates and damaged or excess organelles to maintain intracellular homeostasis and cell integrity. Dysregulation of autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of metabolic and age-related diseases. Growing evidence suggests that autophagy is implicated in cell injury during renal diseases, both in the tubulointerstitial compartment and in glomeruli. Nevertheless, the impact of autophagy on renal disease progression and aging is still not fully understood. This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding the role of autophagy for kidney disease and aging.
Training in geropsychiatry: problems and process
Authors: L W Lazarus, J Weinberg
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

The introduction of substantive geropsychiatry training into the medical school curriculum and residency programs in medicine and family practice involves overcoming such obstacles as competition among specialties for curriculum time, "ageism" (negative attitudes toward the elderly), limited financial resources, and scarcity of specialized educators and model curricula. These obstacles can be overcome by developing educational alliances with chairpersons and training directors, recruiting charismatic teachers, providing varied clinical experiences with healthy and impaired elderly patients, and by providing formative as well as summative methods of trainee and program evaluation.