tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Shape of the Glucose Response Curve During an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Heralds Biomarkers of Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Obese Youth
Authors: Joon Young Kim, Sara F. Michaliszyn, Alexis Nasr, SoJung Lee, Hala Tfayli, Tamara Hannon, Kara S. Hughan, Fida Bacha, Silva Arslanian
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

The shape of the glucose response curve during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), monophasic versus biphasic, identifies physiologically distinct groups of individuals with differences in insulin secretion and sensitivity. We aimed to verify the value of the OGTT-glucose response curve against more sensitive clamp-measured biomarkers of type 2 diabetes risk, and to examine incretin/pancreatic hormones and free fatty acid associations in these curve phenotypes in obese adolescents without diabetes.A total of 277 obese adolescents without diabetes completed a 2-h OGTT and were categorized to either a monophasic or a biphasic group. Body composition, abdominal adipose tissue, OGTT-based metabolic parameters, and incretin/pancreatic hormone levels were examined. A subset of 106 participants had both hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic and hyperglycemic clamps to measure in vivo insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and β-cell function relative to insulin sensitivity.Despite similar fasting and 2-h glucose and insulin concentrations, the monophasic group had significantly higher glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and free fatty acid OGTT areas under the curve compared with the biphasic group, with no differences in levels of glucagon, total glucagon-like peptide 1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and pancreatic polypeptide. Furthermore, the monophasic group had significantly lower in vivo hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity, lack of compensatory first and second phase insulin secretion, and impaired β-cell function relative to insulin sensitivity.In obese youth without diabetes, the risk imparted by the monophasic glucose curve compared with biphasic glucose curve, independent of fasting and 2-h glucose and insulin concentrations, is reflected in lower insulin sensitivity and poorer β-cell function, which are two major pathophysiological biomarkers of type 2 diabetes in youth.
The Effect of DNA Polymerase Inhibitors on the Cytotoxicity of Cisplatin in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells
Authors: E J Katz, P A Andrews, S B Howell
Journal: Cancer Communications (1990)

We examined the effect of specific inhibitors of DNA polymerases alpha and delta, and beta, on cisplatin (DDP) cytotoxicity in DDP-sensitive and -resistant human 2008 ovarian carcinoma cells. Under conditions of continuous exposure to drug combinations, neither aphidicolin glycinate (AG) nor dideoxythymidine enhanced the cytotoxicity of DDP in either cell line as determined by clonogenic survival assays. However, when clonogenic survival was determined following short-term drug exposure, AG exhibited strong synergism with DDP in the DDP-resistant, but not the DDP-sensitive cells, as indicated by median effect analysis of the data. DNA polymerase alpha mRNA levels were the same in both cell lines under basal conditions. DDP-sensitive cells, but not DDP-resistant cells, were able to increase their expression of DNA polymerase alpha in response to DDP exposure. Levels of mRNA for DNA polymerase beta and for the human DNA repair gene ERCC-1 were not elevated in resistant cells, either under basal conditions or 18 hr after a 1 hr exposure to IC20 concentrations of DDP. In another human ovarian carcinoma cell line, A2780, AG and DDP were synergistic in both DDP-sensitive and -resistant variants in short-term exposure. We conclude that DNA polymerases alpha and/or delta play a role in the DDP sensitivity of human ovarian carcinoma cells.
Fainting
Authors: Sharon Parmet
Journal: JAMA (2004)

FaintingF ainting, also known by the medical term syncope, is the temporary loss of consciousness, often accompanied by falling down or a strong urge to lie down, followed by spontaneous recovery.The most common reason for fainting is a temporary decrease in blood flow to the brain.Except for the risk of physical injury from falling, fainting itself is often not a serious health problem.However, sometimes fainting can be a sign of a serious underlying disorder, so determining the cause is important.The September 8, 2004, issue of JAMA includes an article about fainting after exercise.
AB0896 Osteopathy in Hypovitaminosis D: the PTH Connection
Authors: H.M. Al Attia
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> There is a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D (HD) in the UAE population and this may be complicated by secondary hyperparathyroidism (HD-SHPT).The latter has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of low bone mineral disease. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the relationship between these conditions and the bone mineral density among residents of Abu Dhabi (UAE). <h3>Methods</h3> 117 adults, predominately (80.5%) Arab individuals (age 15-76 years) with hypovitaminosis D were selected for the study, of whom 25 (21.5%) were deficient (HD), and 78 (66.5%) also had secondary hyperparathyroidism (HD-SHPT). Both T and Z scores were used in the evaluation of dual energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA) findings. Data of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and autoimmune disordersand recent or current therapy with corticosteroids (CS) were excluded. <h3>Results</h3> The mean age, gender distribution, BMI, mean of 25-OH D and the mean of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in patients with HD-SHPT were not significantly different to others with normal PTH. Both T and Z scores also failed to show any significant differences in normal outcome, osteopenia &amp; osteoporosis (47.5% vs. 41% p=0.55, 33.5% vs. 43.5% p=0.10 and 19% vs.15% p=0.79) in the two groups respectively. However, a lower mean of serum calcium yet within eucalcemia was observed in HD-STHP (9.39±0.395 vs.9.59±0.355 mg/dl, p=0.025). The range in these two groups was (8.58-10.6 and 8.89-10.4mg/dl) respectively. The mean of each of the age, 25-OH D, calcium and AP in osteoporotic patients of both groups were not different also, p=NS. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Secondary hyperparathyroidism is not always a prerequisite for the development of low bone mineral density in patients with hypovitaminosis D. The low bone mineral density in the others with normal or low PTH invites further investigations and understanding. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
OC-097 An externally validated nomogram to predict the risk of bowel dysfunction following an anterior resection
Authors: N Battersby, G Bouliotis, K Emmertsen, S Laurberg, B Moran
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Almost half of the patients undergoing an anterior resection for rectal cancer report quality of life impairment due to bowel dysfunction. The Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS) score is an internationally validated patient reported outcome measure (PROM) designed to assess the severity of these symptoms.<sup>1</sup>The aims of this study were to (i) produce a LARS score prediction model based on the risk factors for bowel dysfunction (ii) to validate the model externally and (iii) to incorporate findings into a nomogram for use in clinical practice. <h3>Method</h3> Patients who were recurrence free and more than one-year post restorative anterior resection (UK, 2001–2011; Denmark, 2001–2007 (median 54 and 56 months since surgery respectively), were invited to complete EORTC QLQ-C30, LARS and Wexner incontinence scores. Demographics, tumour characteristics, pre/post-operative treatment, and surgical procedures were recorded. Advanced linear regression shrinkage techniques (i.e. LASSO) were used independently for both datasets (UK, DK) for an unbiased selection of the most influential factors. Finally a nomogram based on linear regression was generated. <h3>Results</h3> The model was developed from 463 British patients and validated in 938 Danes. The respective cohorts were similar in gender (females 40% [184/463] versus 43% [402/938] NS) but differed by age (65 [13] versus 64 [13], p = 0.013), pre-operative radiotherapy (31.6% [145/463] versus 20.4% [191/938], p = 0.001), tumour height (median [IQR] 9 cm [4] versus 11 [4], p = 0.001), global quality of life (mean (SD) QLQ C30 Scale, 77 (19) versus 78 (21), p = 0.001) and LARS score (mean (SD) 26.1 (11) versus 24.5 (12), p = 0.012). Tumour height (from the anal verge) and pre-operative radiotherapy were the key variables in the nomogram with several additional factors including age, gender and temporary stoma influencing the predicted LARS score. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This is the first nomogram to predict patient reported bowel dysfunction following an anterior resection. Despite differences between cohorts, with the UK tending to restore lower tumours and use more pre-operative radiotherapy, we were able to externally validate the model in a Danish population. Colorectal Surgeons and Nurse Specialists may use this predictive tool to help patients understand their risk of bowel dysfunction, it is intended to aid the consent process and highlight patients that may need additional post-operative support. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Juul T, Ahlberg M, Biondo S, <i>et al</i>. International validation of the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score. Ann Surg. 2014;259(4):728–34
PWE-374 Is ct colonoscopy ready for prime time as first line investigation for high risk patients?
Authors: T Skouras, B Bennett, J Fiske, A Bassi
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> With CT virtual colonoscopy (CTVC) emerging as a widely available sensitive tool in the investigation of GI pathology, we changed our practice, and are now investigating patients presenting in our “one stop – 2 week rule” gastroenterology clinic with lower GI symptoms with a flexible sigmoidoscopy followed by a CTVC on the same day. We analysed the diagnostic yield of such an approach in our population. <h3>Method</h3> CTVCs of all patients referred to the gastroenterology clinic on a “2-week-rule”, within a 5-month period were retrospectively reviewed. Intraluminal and extracolonic findings were identified. Extracolonic findings were classified in High Importance Findings (HIF) and Low Importance Findings (LIF) based on their clinical significance.<sup>1</sup>HIFs comprised of: extracolonic malignancy, aortic aneurysms, lymphadenopathy, adrenal adenomas, liver lesions, hydronephrosis, vascular compromise, pelvic masses. LIFs comprised of: benign cysts, gallbladder calculi, fibroids, renal stones, etc. <h3>Results</h3> Scans of 195 patients were reviewed. Of those, 75 were male (38.5%); the median age was 64 years. 188 patients had CTVCs, 6 patients had abdominal CT scan with iv contrast, and 1 patient without iv contrast. 8 CTVCs (4.0%) revealed rectal and sigmoid malignancy, 23(11.7%) revealed further polyps leading to 9 additional colonoscopies and 7 flexible sigmoidoscopies. 101 (51.7%) revealed diverticulosis. 5 CTVCs (2.5%) indicated Inflammatory Bowel Disease. At least one extra-colonic finding was reported in 116 scans (59.4%). Extracolonic HIFs were revealed in 27 scans (13.8%), and in 5 (2.5%) extracolonic malignancy was detected. 4 (2.0%) had an abdominal aortic aneurysm, 2 patients (1.0%) significant hydronephrosis. 6 patients (3.1%) had suspicious lung lymph nodes; 2 (1.0%) had large pelvic lesions; 2 (1.0%) had hepatic lesions; 5 (2.5%) had adrenal adenomas. Some of these patients underwent further investigations, others were referred to specialist services, and some underwent significant interventions (laparotomy, AAA repairs, EBUS biopsies etc.) <h3>Conclusion</h3> The protocol of CTVC and flexible sigmoidoscopy for first line investigation of high risk patients presenting with lower GI symptoms allowed same day detection and staging for patients with colonic malignancy but also allowed additional detection of extracolonic malignancies/significant pathologies presenting with lower GI symptoms. However the burden of potentially unnecessary investigations and added patient stress from extracolonic findings of variable significance needs to be taken into consideration. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Hara, Amy K. Extracolonic findings at CT colonography. Seminars in Ul/S, CT and MRI. 26(1), WB Saunders, 2005
Chemical Reactivity of Mineralized Tissue with Oxytetracycline
Authors: M R URIST, K H IBSEN
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 1 infection in British tourists visiting Mallorca, June 1996
Authors: P Wall, Linda Ward, S Crespi, C Furtado
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1997)

Three British tourists became ill while on holiday in the same hotel in Alcudia, Mallorca from 11 to 25 June 1996; Salmonella enteritidisinfections were diagnosed upon their return to England. An environmental health officer informed the Gastrointestinal
Pouched rats as detectors of tuberculosis: comparison to concentrated smear microscopy
Authors: Timothy L. Edwards, Emilio Valverde, Christiaan Mulder, Christophe Cox, Alan Poling
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

In 2014, 1.5 million people died of tuberculosis (TB), a disease that can be cured in nearly every case if detected in time. Rapid and accurate detection of TB is a crucial component of the World Health Organization's 2016–2035 End TB Strategy [1]. Pouched rats, Cricetomys ansorgei (previously called Cricetomys gambianus [2]), are able to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis by sniffing sputum samples [3]. Since 2007, they have been used for second-line screening of sputum samples previously evaluated by Ziehl–Neelsen microscopy (ZN) at clinics in Tanzania. Use of the rats increases new case detections by ∼40% [3]. Pouched rats find 60% of TB patients that are missed by clinics but identifiable with concentrated smear microscopy <http://ow.ly/jnUr300i2I7> We would like to thank the Mozambican National Tuberculosis Programme, the National Institute of Health and the Maputo City Health Directorate for facilitating access to public clinics in Maputo (Mozambique).
Waiting
Authors: Lisa Furmanski
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Preliminary report on an ongoing outbreak of hepatitis A in Estonia, 2011
Authors: I Dontšenko, N Kerbo, J Pullmann, S Plank, N Võželevskaja, K Kutsar
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

Since the beginning of August 2011, an outbreak of hepatitis A has been detected in Estonia. The majority of laboratory-confirmed cases (n = 66) were notified between 4 August and 3 October 2011 and were linked to Viljandi county. The outbreak is still ongoing.
AB0009 The HLA Class I Region in Behçet's Disease: Identifying the Most Relevant Amino Acid Positions
Authors: L. Ortiz-Fernández, F.D. Carmona, M.-A. Montes-Cano, J.-R. García-Lozano, M. Conde-Jaldόn, N. Ortego-Centeno, M.-J. Castillo-Palma, G. Espinosa, G. Graña-Gil, J. Sánchez-Bursόn, M.R. Juliá, R. Solans, R. Blanco, A.-C. Barnosi-Marín, P. Fanlo, M. Rodriguéz-Carballeira, T. Camps, S. Castañeda, J. Martín, M.F. González-Escribano
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Behçet9s disease (BD) has been consistently associated with HLA class I molecules, specifically, with HLA-B51. However, the role of others HLA class I molecules remains controversial. The current methods of genotyping permit to deduce the HLA typing of a large number of individuals by imputation by using data obtained from high throughput platforms. This approach has improved the knowledge of the association of HLA with the susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases. <h3>Objectives</h3> Review of the association of HLA region with BD by comprehensive reanalysis with using a novel imputation method [1,2]. <h3>Methods</h3> The HLA typings of 1794 individuals (277 patients and 1517 healthy controls) were imputed from SNPs genotyping data obtained by Human Immuno DNA Analysis BeadChip Kit (Immunochip). The statistical analyses were performed with PLINK and R. <h3>Results</h3> The strongest association signals were observed in the HLA-B region, specifically, rs1050502 represented the highest peak (p=7.73 x 10<sup>-24</sup>, OR=4.029, 95%CI 3.123 to 5.198). According to the analysis performed, the amino-acid positions 97 in the HLA-B and 66 HLA-A molecules are the most relevant for the disease susceptibility. <h3>Conclusions</h3> HLA-B and HLA-A are associated with the susceptibility to BD <h3>References</h3> Raychauduri S, Sandor C, Stahl EA, et al. (2012) Five amino acids in three HLA proteins explain most of the association between MHC and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Gen 44,291-296 Jia X, Han B, Onengut-Gumuscu S, et al. (2013) Imputing amino acid polymorphisms in human leukocyte antigens. PloS one 8, e64683 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
AB0253 To What Extent is Foot Pain Attributable to Disease Activity in RA Patients?
Authors: D. Hernandez-Flόrez, M.L. González-Fernández, L. Valor, M.R. Morales Lozano, J. Martínez, T. del Río, J.C. Nieto, I. Janta, F.J. Lopez Longo, C. González, I. Monteagudo, L. Martínez-Estupiñán, J. Garrido, E. Naredo, L. Carreño
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> A high prevalence of foot pain (70-90%) has been widely described in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (1-4). Foot inflammation in RA usually starts in the metarsophalangeal (MTP) joints, extends to other joints with consequent pain, deformities and functional impairment (5, 6). The foot disorders and complaints it might have their origins in inflammatory disease activity or biomechanical abnormalities. <h3>Objectives</h3> The objective of this cross-sectional prospective study was to establish what extend foot complaints in RA patients in remission or low disease activity may originate in subclinical inflammatory disease activity as opposed to podiatric biomechanical abnormalities. <h3>Methods</h3> We recruited 136 patients with foot complaints. Sixty-two were bDMARD-treated RA patients presenting DAS-determined remission or low disease activity while the remaining 74 were gender matched controls without rheumatic or muskoskeletal disorders. In an effort to identify the root cause of pain, we subjected both groups to a comprehensive podiatric and biomechanical assessment followed by an ultrasound (US) scan. <h3>Results</h3> Most RA patients and controls were female (77.4% and 83.8%, respectively). There was no statistical difference in the proportion of obese subjects in either group (p=0.792). Inappropriate shoes were used by 50.0% of RA patients and 33.8% of controls (p=0.080). Talalgia, particularly heel pain, was more frequent in the control group, with associated talalgia and metatarsalgia being more prevalent in the RA group (p&lt;0.05). The RA patient group was also more likely to present greater foot deformity, more limited joint movement and foot pathologies than the controls. US inflammatory and structural changes were significantly more frequent in RA patients than in controls (p&lt;0.05). US structural involvement was significantly associated with limited joint mobility and pathologic biomechanical tests only in RA patients (p&lt;0.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> RA foot pathologies often seem to be linked to disease activity and ultrasound can be useful to help the clinician differentiate disease-related foot pain from other possible biomechanical causes. <h3>References</h3> Hooper L, et al. Arthritis Care Res.2012;64(8):1116-24. Rome K, et al. J Foot Ankle Res.2009;2:16. Rao S, Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2012;26(3):345-68. Fuchs HA, et al. Arthritis Rheumatol.1989;32(5):531-7. van der Leeden M, et al. Rheumatology.2006;45(4):465-9. van der Leeden M, et al. Arthritis Res Ther.2010;12(1):R3. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared