tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1621: PRAF2 knockdown inhibits cell proliferation and migration of neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Lisette P. Yco, Andre S. Bachmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Prenylated Rab acceptor 1 domain family, member 2 (PRAF2) is a novel 19-kDa protein with four transmembrane-spanning domains that belongs the PRAF protein family that plays a role in vesicle trafficking and cargo transport. PRAF2 is strongly expressed in several cultured neuroblastoma (NB) cells (for example, SK-N-SH, SH-SY5Y, LAN-1). NB is a tumor that derived from the precursor cells of sympathetic nervous system and the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood. Recently, our lab identified PRAF2 as a candidate prognostic marker of NB. In the present study, we examined the function of PRAF2 in cell cycle progression of human NB cells. In order to analyze the role of PRAF2, we generated a stable RNA interference (RNAi) short hairpin (sh) PRAF2 knockdown NB cell line (SK-N-SH shPRAF2). We observed that PRAF2 downregulation suppressed the cell viability of SK-N-SH cells. Moreover, PRAF2 knockdown also inhibited migration of SK-N-SH cells. Notably, PRAF2 downregulation also elevated the protein levels of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p27Kip1 in these cells, therefore suggesting a role for PRAF2 in the regulation of NB cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation. In summary, our results suggest that reduction of PRAF2 protein level inhibits cell proliferation and migration in SK-N-SH cells that renders PRAF2 a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1621.
Breast Cancer Prognostic Factors— The Search Goes On
Authors: Tom Reynolds
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Breast Cancer Prognostic Factors— The Search Goes On Get access Tom Reynolds Tom Reynolds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 7, 6 April 1994, Pages 480–483, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.7.480 Published: 06 April 1994
A 1 YEAR AUDIT OF ENDOLUMINAL ULTRASOUND- GUIDED FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY INVESTIGATIONS (EUS-FNA) : DIAGNOSTIC EFFICACY AND INPUT OF ON-SITE CYTOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
Authors: S Hegarty, T Lioe, M Mitchell, A McNeice, I Mainie
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> EUS-FNA as an investigative technique for pancreatic lesions and deep-seated lymphadenopathy is now well established. We carried out an audit of our practice, in particular the decrease in insufficient or non-diagnostic specimens when adequacy is assessed at the time of procedure. <h3>Aims/Background</h3> A total of 91 patients underwent EUS-FNA over a one-year period at the Belfast City Hospital where there are 2 weekly sessions performed by Gastrointestinal endoscopists on consecutive days one of which is attended by a consultant cytopathologist +/− cytotechnician for on-site cytological assessment. <h3>Method</h3> The cytology reports from those patients who underwent an EUS-FNA in our institution were retreived from the files of the Cytology Department, and assessed for diagnosis, adequacy, and necessity for further investigations. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, 19/94 (20.2%) of the cases were reported as benign while 31/94 (33%) were malignant. 9.5% (9/94) were equivocal and 20% of samples were inadequate for diagnosis. However the inadequate sample rate fell from 33% to 7% when one session was attended by cytologist assessing the sample on-site. Three quarters of the cases were of abdominal lesions including a majority of pancreatic masses and surrounding lymph nodes. 2 were of intramural gastric and 2 liver lesions. The remaining quarter were of mediastinal lesions or lymphadenopathy. 5 cases of granulomatous lymphadenitis and 1 case of malignant lymphoma were diagnosed cytologically. <h3>Conclusion</h3> EUS-FNA is a well-tolerated investigative technique to obtain a tissue diagnosis for further management decisions but the presence of on-site cytological assessment to provide immediate feedback ensures a higher diagnostic yield and increases the cost-effectiveness of the procedure.
Abstract P4-06-04: Rho-Family GTPase Activity in Invading Mammary Tumor Cells Visualized by Two-Photon Excitation Laser Scanning Microscopy
Authors: Y Kamioka, M Matsuda
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Rho-family GTPases play critical roles in the regulation of tumor cell motility and invasion. Despite the vast accumulated knowledge of Rho-family GTPase regulation in two-dimensional culture models, their three-dimensional spatio-temporal regulation in vivo remains poorly understood because of technical difficulties. The ability of tumor cells to migrate in vivo depends on both physical and biochemical characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, i.e., extracellular matrix, stromal cells and myeloid cells as well as tumor cell properties. Therefore, development of methods for directly measuring the activity of Rho-family GTPases in vivo is required for further understanding the mechanism of tumor invasion. Material and Methods: To visualize the activity of Rho-family GTPases in vivo, we developed fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)- based probes comprising of fluorescent proteins. The probes were stably expressed in 4T1 mouse mammary tumor cells by means of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. 4T1 mouse mammary tumor cells highly expressing FRET probes were selected by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and implanted subcutaneously in nude mice. The 4T1 cells formed tumors within 5 to 10 days. The activity of Rho-family GTPases was examined by two-photon excitation laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM). The collagen matrix surrounding tumors was visualized by second harmonic signal. TexasRed-dextran was injected into nude mice intravenously before observation for the visualization of blood vessels. Results: We found that 4T1 mouse mammary tumor cells assumed an elongated, mesenchymal phenotype in vivo and in three-dimensional culture models. Cell motility in vivo was significantly slower than in 2D cell culture models. In the in vivo models, the elongated tumor cells demonstrated cell movement along aligned collagen fibers away from the primary tumor mass. Furthermore, we observed that Rac1 activity was higher at the tumor-stroma borders than at the tumor cores, using FRET imaging. Discussion: In this study, we successfully monitored the activity of Rho-family GTPases in vivo by FRET imaging. We also confirmed that 4T1 mouse mammary tumor cells mainly exhibited a mesenchymal phenotype when these tumor cells invaded into the surrounding stromal tissue. Recent studies have shown that some tumor cells exhibit two different modes of individual cell movement in 3D cell culture models: mesenchymal movement is characterized by an elongated cell shape and a dependence upon ECM proteolysis, whereas in amoeboid movement, cells have a rounded morphology, and are less dependent on proteases. We hereby demonstrate the utility of a three-dimensional, in vivo imaging technique toward understanding the mechanisms underlying tumor invasion. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-04.
Serum Amylase Levels in Experimental Intestinal Obstruction
Authors: John J. Byrne, Thomas F. Boyd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE elevation of serum amylase activity in pancreatitis was first described by Elman1 2 3 and was thought to be specific for this disease. It was subsequently found that the amylase level may be elevated by other processes: mumps,4 , 5 perforated duodenal ulcers,6 7 8 cerebral trauma,9 administration of opiates10 11 12 13 and renal insufficiency.14 It may also be elevated in intestinal obstruction, especially when the bowel has been infarcted. The earliest case reported, that of Polowe15 (1946), concerned a patient with mesenteric thrombosis and infarction of the small bowel. Burnett and Ness16 studied serum amylase activity in 35 cases of intestinal obstruction and found 19 elevated . . .
The Cardinal Manifestations of Paroxysmal Tachycardia
Authors: Louis Wolff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

VASCULAR collapse is frequently associated with paroxysmal tachycardia. The medical literature consists for the most part of single case reports and reveals that whereas in some cases collapse is associated with rapid ventricular rates, in others it is absent with equally rapid rates.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 I16 have observed vascular collapse in 15 of 125 cases of tachycardia, and have pointed out that it occurred only under specific conditions, thus justifying its designation as one of the cardinal manifestations of paroxysmal tachycardia. In the present study 128 new cases have been added to the 125 previously reported, making a total of 253. All . . .
Case 15-2014
Authors: Robert L. Sheridan, Peter R. Shumaker, David R. King, Cameron D. Wright, Kamal M.F. Itani, Leopoldo C. Cancio
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

A 29-year-old Marine was treated after he was injured by an IED in Afghanistan. The explosion caused traumatic amputations of the right leg and hand, as well as blast and fragmentation injuries of the left arm, left hand, left thigh, abdomen, corneas, and tympanic membranes.
OC-065 Stem cell analysis by label retention within Barrett's oesophagus
Authors: A M Nicholson, L Harrison, H Barr, J Burkett, N A Wright, S A C McDonald, R Poulsom, R Jeffery, R Harrison, J A Jankowski
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Stem cells are thought to be the only long lived cells in the gastrointestinal epithelium. It is thought they are the target for mutations that may lead to the premalignant Barrett9s Metaplasia (BM). These cells are thought to divide slowly allowing DNA dyes to be retained within the stem cells over a long period of time. Here, we have used this characteristic to identify, for the first time, the location of stem cells within the glands of Barrett9s oesophagus, an important premalignant condition. <h3>Methods</h3> We utilised iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) a thymidine analogue which is incorporated into the DNA of replicating cells, as a marker to identify the label retaining cells (LRC) as putative stem cells. Four patients with BM diagnosed with oesophageal adenocarcinoma undergoing oesophagectomy were infused with IudR prior to their surgery (7–69 days). After resection, tissue samples of normal oesophagus, BM, normal stomach and tumour were extracted for immunocytochemistry and FACS. <h3>Results</h3> Infusion 3 days or less in vitro in transformed cells and explants revealed appropriate abundant staining of the proliferative compartments. Results from FACS analysis showed the percentage of BRdU labelled cells was much greater in BM tissue (7.85%) compared with fundus (0.69%) or squamous (0.38%). However labelling at 7 days in both patients ex vivo showed positive discrete staining of LRC9s within various gastrointestinal tissue types including BM. LRCs were seen in the basal layer of the squamous epithelium, likewise LRCs were seen at the neck/foveolar regions of the gastric tissue conforming to the suggested gastric SC zone. LRC9s were seen at several locations in metaplastic tissue both at the base of the gland and in the neck region at 7, 11, 29 and 67 days, this ties in with preliminary data showing LGR5 (a stem cell marker) is also expressed at the base of the Barrett9s gland. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This is the first report of LRC9s within the human oesophagus and our findings correlate with the hypothesised location of SCs in the squamous epithelium and gastric mucosa. Furthermore LRCs were located in the base of the BM gland implying that this is the location of BM SC9s. Analysis and molecular characterisation of LRCs and BM SC9s and their niche are underway, involving the use of other GI SC markers.
Abstract 681: Prognostic role of Perp in breast cancer
Authors: Sonia C. Dolfi, Diptee Kulkarni, Shou-En Lu, Chunxia Chen, Dirk Moore, Alexei Vazquez, Sandi Harris, Deborah Toppmeyer, Arnold Levine, Kim M. Hirshfield
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Perp, a tetraspan plasma membrane protein, is activated by p53 during apoptosis and is also regulated by p63 where it functions as an essential component of the desmosome and contributes to epithelial integrity. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Perp was identified by its effect on apoptotic efficiency in irradiated lymphoblastoid cell lines. Therefore, this SNP may have functional significance in clinical outcomes of cancer. In this study, this SNP in PERP was evaluated as a prognostic marker and in its relationship to other known prognostic factors. Genotyping was performed on DNA isolated from peripheral blood of 1020 patients with breast cancer and genotypes were linked with annotated clinical information. Analysis of recurrence free survival was performed on a subset limited to 790 Caucasians. Among Caucasian cases, homozygous SNP genotypes were nearly equally distributed (AA: 25% and GG: 26%). Using a COX proportional hazards survival analysis, the AA genotype was found to be an independent predictor of worse recurrence-free survival (RFS, hazard ratio [HR]: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.38-2.76, p=0.0001). RFS was similar between AG and GG carriers and was more favorable as compared to AA carriers. For patients receiving breast-conserving surgery followed by radiation, patients diagnosed at or above 51 years of age or patients with stage III disease, the deleterious effect of AA genotype on RFS was more significant. In addition, the AA genotype associated with decreased RFS in subgroups of Caucasian cases regardless of stratification by hormone receptor status, HER2 status, and whether they received chemotherapy or hormonal therapy. Adjusting for effects due to stage and chemotherapy, this association remained significant in estrogen receptor positive and progesterone receptor negative cases. We also analyzed the NCI-60 cell line panel for an association between this polymorphism and response to 132 standard chemotherapeutic drugs. A significant association was observed with respect to genotype and response to anti-mitotic agents. Collectively, cell lines with the AA genotype were more sensitive to anti-mitotic agents than the GG genotype. Clinical data suggest that the AA genotype of Perp has a functional phenotype leading to increased risk of recurrence. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanism behind this association, but ultimately this SNP may be useful as a prognostic marker in breast cancer and could be used as a tool to optimize treatment strategies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 681. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-681
AB1315 Use of alternative medicine among patients in a rheumatology clinic of a university hospital
Authors: B.R. Bica, D.L. Louzada, B.S. Fernandes, P.F. dos Santos Neto
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Alternative medicine (AM) is commonly used in the general population and in patients with chronic and malignant diseases. Previous studies have shown that almost a half used it for joint diseases or back pain. One of the most frequently cited reasons for using AM is aiding the management of chronic pain. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of alternative medicine (AM) use among patients with rheumatic diseases followed in a rheumatology clinic at Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. The authors analyzed the demographic features of AM users and specific AM methods. <h3>Methods</h3> The authors conducted face to face structured interviews of 150 patients attending rheumatology clinic, regarding past or present use of AM, specifying the various AM types they used, epidemiologic data (age, gender), and the associated rheumatic disease were also collected. <h3>Results</h3> Data from 150 patients, 68% female, were collected. Eighty four patients (70%) reported using AM. In this population medicinal herbs and prayers were the most commonly used practices (52,5% and 59% of the patients respectively). The mean number of AM methods per patient was 2,0±1,1. AM was equally used by patients with advanced and low educational level (NS). Patients with lupus and rheumatoid arthritis used more AM than patients with other rheumatic conditions (spondyloarthritis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis), probably because of the chronic pain associated with arthritis and the aesthetic problems associated to lupus. Acupuncture and homeopathy were used by 27% and 24% respectively. 51% of the AM users were between 18 and 50 yo, 41% were 51yo or older and only 8% of the AM users were younger than 18 yo. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Alternative Medicine is used by the majority of the patients attending to our rheumatology clinic. AM use was not influenced by level of education. Medicinal herbs and prayers were the most common practices used by our patients. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
TWO-THIRDS OF HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WHO MEET THE FDA-APPROVED INDICATION FOR SACUBITRIL/VALSARTAN DO NOT MEET PARADIGM-HF ENROLLMENT CRITERIA AFTER RECENT HOSPITALIZATION
Authors: Antonio Perez, Veraprapas Kittipibul, Wai Hong Tang, Randall Starling
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
SAT0126 Rate of Remission by Tocilizumab or Methotrexate Induction Therapy in Early Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results of the Tomera Trial.
Authors: P. Durez, G. Depresseux, A. Nzeusseu Toukap, B. Lauwerys, L. Meric de Bellefon, M. Stoenoiu, F. A. Houssiau
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Tocilizumab (TCZ), as monotherapy and in combination with methotrexate (MTX), has been shown to be efficacious in RA patients with insufficient response to MTX. Similar beneficial effects of TCZ were observed in early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) and in RA patients refractory to TNF inhibitors. We aimed to compare the remission rates in ERA patients treated with TCZ or MTX. <h3>Methods</h3> Eligible patients had a disease duration ≤2 years, were MTX-naive, and had active RA (DAS28 ≥3.2). Thirty (23 women and 7 men) ERA patients were randomized to receive either TCZ 8 mg/kg every month or MTX 20 mg weekly, for 6 months in both groups. After 24 weeks, all patients were treated with MTX up to 20 mg weekly. At baseline, patients’ characteristics did not differ between groups (mean age +/- SD {56.9 +/- 10.4}<i>vs</i>{49.4 +/- 14.0}, mean disease duration {0.49 +/- 1.3}<i>vs</i> {0.99 +/- 2.3}, mean DAS 28-CRP {4.7 +/- 1.3} <i>vs</i> {4.4 +/- 1.0}, mean HAQ {1.4 +/- 0.7} <i>vs</i> {0.9 +/- 0.6}, for the TCZ and MTX group, respectively). ACR and EULAR core set values and remission criteria were evaluated monthly. Statistical differences were analyzed using unpaired Mann-Whitney Rank and Fisher exact tests. <h3>Results</h3> 13 and 17 ERA patients were included in the MTX and TCZ arm, respectively. Percentage of patients achieving DAS28-CRP&lt;2.6, SDAI&lt;3.3, no SJC, ACR-EULAR Boolean-defined remission and HAQ&lt;0.5 are shown in the Table. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These results indicate that remission at 6 month is more common with TCZ compared to MTX in ERA patients. The benefit is however lost at 18 months, when TCZ is withdrawn and the effect of MTX catches up. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> TCZ prescribed in this study was kindly provided by Roche, Belgium. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Case 35-2015
Authors: D. Bora Hazar, Nwamaka D. Eneanya, Aoife Kilcoyne, Ivy A. Rosales
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

A 72-year-old woman presented with flank pain, proteinuria, and a new kidney mass. Magnetic resonance imaging of the kidney revealed a complex, solid mass (3 cm x 2.9 cm x 2.9 cm) in the lower pole of the right kidney. Diagnostic tests were performed.
Abstract 1250: Inhibition of FAK and engagement of migration leads to similar changes in patterns of transcription factor activation in glioma cells
Authors: Michael E. Berens, Nhan L. Tran, Joseph C. Loftus
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Malignant dispersion of glioma cells is a nemesis to clinical management, provoking the need for a better understanding of the underlying molecular drivers of invasion. The changes in signal transduction and consequent alterations in activation/de-activation of Transcription Factors (TFs) in glioma cells were investigated coincident to migration-engagement or impaired FAK kinase function by small molecule inhibition (PF-562,271). Earlier work showed that FAK and Pyk2 affect proliferation and migration in reciprocal ways in glioma cells (Lipinski CA, et al 2008; Loftus JC, et al 2009). The interaction of FAK and Pyk2 with specific downstream signaling effectors and the resultant activation of disparate signaling pathways is likely to script a signaling “signature” that will reveal to what extent glioma cell malignant behaviors are dependent on these kinases. Inhibition of FAK leads to diminution of signaling by pSrc, pJnk, and pNFkB, and variable activation of pAkt, and pp38. Of the 20 TFs assayed (Marligen, Inc.), the activation state of 7 TFs showed significant and consistent patterns of change across 6 primary GBM cell strains following FAK inhibition. Across a panel of 6 human GBM xenograft lines SP1, p53, E2F1-5, and NFκB evidenced strong activation (heightened nuclear localization), while AR (androgen receptor), Myc-Max, and CREB activation levels dropped by more than 2-fold following PF-562,271 treatment. Separate studies of established glioma cell lines under conditions of sparse plating (migration) and of dense crowded plating (migration-constrained), showed that p53, E2F1-5, and NFκB were standouts for activation accompanying migration, also associated by strong reduced activation of AR, Myc-Max, and CREB. (Because glioma cells following FAK knockdown or FAK inhibition show reduced entry into cell cycle, the signaling linkage between FAK and Myc-Max activation and also between FAK signaling and CREB activation suggest mechanistic ties to phenotype. E2F1 is a transcription factor that regulates genes involved in cell proliferation and cell survival and has even been suggested to fit a paradigm of oncogene addiction in glioma cells. Our findings demonstrate phenotypic responses in glioma cells downstream of FAK signaling linked to the activation or inactivation of specific transcription factors. If these patterns of TF activation state, and the signaling pathways upstream of that activation, associate (or account for) patterns of glioma cell invasion or proliferation in situ, they will suggest points of vulnerability in the underlying pathological processes of this disease. Supported by NIH NS042262 (Berens) and NIH CA103956 (Loftus). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1250.
256 LONG TERM CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AFTER SELECTIVE INTERNAL RADIOTHERAPY WITH YTTRIUM-90 MICROSPHERES IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: A. El Fouly, J. Ertle, S. Mueller, T. Lauenstein, A. Bockisch, G. Gerken, A. Dechêne, J.F. Schlaak
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)