tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Soundings: Educating the consumer
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: BMJ (2003)

How strange that some people still object to how prominent doctors, excellent pharmaceutical companies, and prestigious hospitals educate the public on radio and television. After all, more than 25 years have passed since the US Supreme Court refused (in its Goldfarb decision) to distinguish between so called learned professions and other trades, followed by the Federal Trade Commission's ruling that the American Medical Association violated antitrust laws by banning advertising and restricting competition between doctors.

Since then we have made much progress in consumer re-education. Prestigious university hospitals now regularly explain in the media that their doctors are at the cutting edge of medicine. Hospitals publicise new approaches to cancer or new scanning devices that detect calcium deposits in the heart years before they cause symptoms. Complete examinations, including cholesterol testing, blood pressure measurements, and stress testing, are offered for $75 (£48; €70) to $100 (£64; €93).

Prescription drugs are also regularly promoted on television, often with quotations from scientific papers outlining their benefits and side effects and ending with the injunction to ask your doctor about them. This is especially true of anticholesterol drugs.

Elsewhere private clinics offer personalised treatment from a new type of doctor, who is concerned about the patient as a whole. “When did you last feel well?” asks one such salesperson, suggesting it is time to call this excellent clinic where board certified doctors practise medicine in a completely new way, spending 45 minutes on each appointment, so that the patient and the doctor can map out together a plan to take care of all the patient's health needs, using the best specialists and proven safe alternative medicine methods.

The syllabus for consumer education now includes emu-based gels and herbal patches for weight loss, and testing for calcium in the heart and fat in the blood. In south east Asian literature at airports there is information about rhinoceros horn as an aphrodisiac.

And a daily avalanche on the internet provides consumer education about new methods of achieving rejuvenation and improved virility, about buying Viagra by mail order, or enlarging sexual organs by several inches.
Human memory T cells with a naive phenotype accumulate with aging and respond to persistent viruses
Authors: Vesna Pulko, John S Davies, Carmine Martinez, Marion C Lanteri, Michael P Busch, Michael S Diamond, Kenneth Knox, Erin C Bush, Peter A Sims, Shripad Sinari, Dean Billheimer, Elias K Haddad, Kristy O Murray, Anne M Wertheimer, Janko Nikolich-Žugich
Journal: Nature Immunology (2016)
Propranolol Withdrawal
Authors: David G. Shand
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

During the past two years several disconcerting reports have described ventricular arrhythmias, severe angina and myocardial infarction after abrupt cessation of propranolol therapy in patients with angina pectoris. The latest in the series is by Miller and his colleagues in the current issue of the Journal, and, because the information was obtained during a double-blind study of propranolol efficacy, must rank as a definitive investigation. Of the 20 patients studied, six experienced life-threatening complications, including myocardial infarction, ventricular tachycardia and severe angina at rest. Two of the patients died. That this was a true rebound phenomenon was suggested by . . .
Marked increase in leptospirosis infections in humans and dogs in the Netherlands, 2014
Authors: Roan Pijnacker, Marga G.A. Goris, Margreet J.M. te Wierik, Els M. Broens, Joke W.B. van der Giessen, Mauro de Rosa, Jaap A. Wagenaar, Rudy A. Hartskeerl, Daan W. Notermans, Kitty Maassen, Barbara Schimmer
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2016)

In the Netherlands, 97 human leptospirosis cases were notified in 2014. This represents a 4.6-fold increase in autochthonous cases (n = 60) compared with the annual average between 2010 and 2013. Most cases had symptom onset between June and November. This marked increase in humans coincided with an increase of leptospirosis in dogs. In 2014, 13 dogs with leptospirosis were reported, compared with two to six dogs annually from 2010 to 2013. The majority of the autochthonous cases (n = 20) were linked to recreational exposure, e.g. swimming or fishing, followed by occupational exposure (n = 15). About sixty per cent (n = 37) of the autochthonous cases were most likely attributable to surface water contact, and 13 cases to direct contact with animals, mainly rats. A possible explanation for this increase is the preceding mild winter of 2013-2014 followed by the warmest year in three centuries, possibly enabling rodents and Leptospira spp. to survive better. A slight increase in imported leptospirosis was also observed in Dutch tourists (n = 33) most of whom acquired their infection in Thailand (n = 18). More awareness and early recognition of this mainly rodent-borne zoonosis by medical and veterinary specialists is warranted.
Competing Technologies
Authors: Diana B. Petitti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

For a number of years, there has been concern about the contribution to the cost of medical care of new technologies and the increasing use of old ones.1 2 3 4 5 6 Within the general framework of concern about medical technology, it is my purpose to discuss here the implications of competing technologies for the cost and complexity of medical care.Emphasis is placed on equipment-based technologies because they have easily recognizable costs and are developing rapidly. More generally, different surgical techniques, "me-too" drugs, and even alternative methods for the delivery of information to patients can compete in the sense that the term is . . .
Real-time modelling of influenza outbreaks - a linear regression analysis
Authors: J. D. Mooney, E. Holmes, P Christie
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2002)

Seasonal outbreaks of influenza exert a considerable burden on health services, and are notorious for their variability from year to year. Making use of historical data from the Scottish sentinelle surveillance since 1972, a potential candidate model has been derived based on simple linear regression. It was applied with a measure of success in the 1999-2000 winter season.
Dalteparin in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Maureen A Smythe, John M Koerber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

n engl j med 365;2 nejm.org july 14, 2011 179 of other genetic variants in the gel-forming mucin genes on chromosome 11 in pulmonary fibrosis after correction for the effect of rs35705950. Although our in vivo studies in humans show a striking relationship between rs35705950 and MUC5B gene expression in the lung, additional studies using reporter constructs and genetically engineered mice would contribute important new findings, even though these approaches have their own wellknown limitations. Diffuse panbronchiolitis and familial or sporadic forms of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia are different diseases. However, it is interesting that distinct polymorphisms in the MUC5B promoter are associated with both these diseases.1,2 These findings suggest that dysregulated MUC5B expression in the lung may be involved in the pathogenesis of a number of chronic lung conditions that involve the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli.
Salivary-Gland Virus Disease of Guinea Pigs&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: James E. Cook
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1958)

Journal Article Salivary-Gland Virus Disease of Guinea Pigs Get access James E. Cook James E. Cook Captain, USAF (VC) Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 20, Issue 5, May 1958, Pages 905–909, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/20.5.905 Published: 01 May 1958
Soundings: May I take this opportunity ...
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (1999)

It’s the conference season in my discipline. I am growing weary of the 5 30 am alarm calls and crowded train journeys to some or other grubby suburban institution whose logo has always given the impression of a centre of international excellence. I am looking for a taxonomy for my growing collection of misspelt name badges, giveaway pencils, and plastic delegate bags. And I am developing a list of pet aversions which includes taxi drivers, contract caterers, women with clipboards who say they are evaluating the event, and, most of all, incompetent chairpersons.

I once chaired something really badly myself, so I know what I’m talking about. It was a monthly meeting of a group of health service managers, and the guest speaker was Claire Rayner of the Patients Association on the topic of patients’ rights. I figured that I should say a few words of introduction so as to set the stage. Unfortunately, I went on rather longer than I had planned. Furthermore, since I had conscientiously researched the latest literature on the topic, I also inadvertently stole several of her most topical examples.

Ms Rayner took it like a lady. When I finally allowed her time to speak, she rolled up her programme and clouted me over the head with it. “You,” she reminded me, “are supposed to be chair: I’m the one who was asked to speak.” And she then proceeded to give a splendid ad lib on the finer points of my plundered examples, which managed to make it look as if we had stagemanaged the entire performance.

The chairperson’s true task is to get the audience to shut up and listen to the speaker, and when the allotted time for the talk is almost up to get the speaker to shut up and take questions from the floor. In the past month I have heard half a dozen mini lectures from chairpersons who had clearly neither planned nor rehearsed their performance and who had erroneously decided that a synopsis of the forthcoming talk would be more helpful to the audience than a statement on how to find the toilets and what to do with the evaluation forms.

If you are asked to chair a lecture or talk remember two things. Firstly, if you were good enough to speak on the subject yourself you wouldn’t have been asked to be the chairperson. Secondly, there is nothing more important to a word weary audience than being released on time for their coffee.
In vivo efficacy, toxicity and biodistribution of ultra-long circulating desferrioxamine based polymeric iron chelator
Authors: Jasmine L. Hamilton, Muhammad Imran ul-haq, Srinivas Abbina, Manu Thomas Kalathottukaren, Benjamin F.L. Lai, Azadeh Hatef, Suraj Unniappan, Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)
Clinical pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of high-dose (HD) methotrexate (MTX) during induction therapy of pediatric patients younger than 3 years of age with primary brain tumors.
Authors: T. McKibbin, M. Tagen, J. C. Panetta, D. Ward, A. J. Gajjar, K. D. Wright, A. Broniscer, C. F. Stewart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

9580 Background: The disposition of HD-MTX in pediatric patients less than 3 yrs of age with primary brain tumors has not been well characterized. Therefore, we assessed the PK of HD-MTX in this population. These interim PK findings have significant implications for dosing MTX in the very young. Methods: Patients received four 28-day courses of induction therapy. HD-MTX (day 1) was given as a 5 gm/m2 infusion over 24 hrs, with PK sampling prior to the infusion and at 6, 23, 42 and 66 h after the start of infusion. Leucovorin was administered starting at 42 hrs and dosed every 6 h until the serum MTX concentration was < 0.1 μ M. Patients also received vincristine (day 8 and 15), cisplatin (day 8), and cyclophosphamide (day 9). PK parameters for a two-compartment model were estimated using a Bayesian approach with ADAPT II software and covariates were evaluated using linear mixed effects models. Results: 53 patients receiving 176 courses were included in the analysis. The median (range) age was 1.47 yr (0.02-2.98 yr) and BSA was 0.48 m2 (0.22-0.73 m2). The population estimate for MTX clearance (CL) was 91 ml/min/m2. CL increased with age, explaining 39% of interindividual variability (IIV) (p<0.001). Patients at 3 months, 1 yr, 2 yrs, and 3 yrs had an estimated MTX CL of 72, 83, 100 and 120 ml/min/m2, respectively. Calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) explained an additional 10% of IIV (p=0.005). Typical MTX CL was higher in the first course (100 ml/min/m2) compared to subsequent courses (88 ml/min/m2), explaining an additional 9.7% of interoccasion variability (p<0.001). HD-MTX was well tolerated; grade 3 mucositis occurred in 4 patients (8%) and no patients experienced grade 4 mucositis. Overall, grade 3 or 4 toxicities occurred in 19 patients (36%), but this may be attributable to the combination of chemotherapy administered during induction therapy. Conclusions: MTX clearance in patients < 3 yrs of age increases with age and GFR and is higher in the first course than in subsequent courses. As a precaution, dosage adjustments may be required in patients less than 3 months of age treated with HD-MTX. Overall, HD-MTX was well tolerated with this approach. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The Sick Physician
Authors: J Canals Cadafalch
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Connecting Malfunctioning Glial Cells and Brain Degenerative Disorders
Authors: Natalie Kaminsky, Ofer Bihari, Sivan Kanner, Ari Barzilai
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2016)

The DNA damage response (DDR) is a complex biological system activated by different types of DNA damage. Mutations in certain components of the DDR machinery can lead to genomic instability disorders that culminate in tissue degeneration, premature aging, and various types of cancers. Intriguingly, malfunctioning DDR plays a role in the etiology of late onset brain degenerative disorders such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases. For many years, brain degenerative disorders were thought to result from aberrant neural death. Here we discuss the evidence that supports our novel hypothesis that brain degenerative diseases involve dysfunction of glial cells (astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes). Impairment in the functionality of glial cells results in pathological neuro-glial interactions that, in turn, generate a "hostile" environment that impairs the functionality of neuronal cells. These events can lead to systematic neural demise on a scale that appears to be proportional to the severity of the neurological deficit.
PWE-412 Oral analgesia for post-operative colorectal patients
Authors: S Buchan, L Williams, R Bamford, A Wood, P Mackey
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The WHO analgesic ladder is a well-recognised tool for managing post-operative pain. The aim of this prospective study was to identify if patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery were both prescribed and receiving adequate and appropriate oral analgesia. <h3>Method</h3> All patients who underwent elective colorectal surgery over a 4 week period were included. Regular and as required oral analgesia prescribed and administered on day 1, 3 and 5 post-op were recorded. The pain score at these time intervals and the use of any additional local anaesthetic were also recorded. <h3>Results</h3> 17 patients met the criteria for inclusion. 4 patients had rectus sheath catheters placed, 3 had patient-controlled analgesia and 5 had a “one shot” spinal bolus. Day 1 post-op all patients were prescribed regular paracetamol and 53% received this. Additional analgesia was required in 58% of patients, half of whom did not receive their regular oral analgesia and 8 were prescribed only paracetamol regularly. 24% of all patients on day 1 post-op had a pain score ≥1. On day 3 post-op all patients were prescribed regular paracetamol and 50% received this. Of those who required supplementary analgesia on day 3, only paracetamol was given regularly. 13% of all patients on day 5 post-op had a pain score ≥1. Half of patients on day 5 post-op did not receive their regularly prescribed paracetamol. Of these patients, 2 required addition analgesia. All patients had a pain score of 0 on day 5. <h3>Conclusion</h3> At day 1 and 3 post-colorectal surgery not all patients received adequate analgesia despite oral analgesia being prescribed, although at day 5 all patients were pain free. It is apparent that the WHO analgesic ladder is not being adhered to for management of pain post-colorectal surgery. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
AB0794 Protein and Rna-Immunoprecipitation for the Identification of Autoantibodies in Patients Affected by Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: A. Ceribelli, N. Isailovic, M. Massarotti, S. Tanaka, M. Satoh, C. Selmi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) coexists with skin psoriasis (PsO) in 10-30% of patients. No serum autoantibody is consistently found in PsA, thus supporting the view of a chronic inflammatory rather than autoimmune pathogenesis. Further, the lack of serum biomarkers is responsible for delayed PsA diagnosis particularly in PsO. <h3>Objectives</h3> To apply protein- and RNA-immunoprecipitation (IP) for the identification of new serologic markers of PsA. <h3>Methods</h3> Sera from 29 adult consecutive patients with PsA were collected in the outpatient clinic of the Rheumatology Unit at the Humanitas Research Hospital. CASPAR criteria for PsA were used to establish the diagnosis in all cases. Sera were analyzed by immunoprecipitation (IP) of K562 (human erythroleukemia) cell extract radiolabeled with <sup>35</sup>S-methionin. RNA in the immunoprecipitate was extracted with phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol and analyzed by silver staining. Clinical information was obtained from clinical correlations. <h3>Results</h3> PsA cases are divided in polyarticular (n=23), mono/oligoarticular (n=4), and axial (n=2) phenotypes according to the pattern of joint and spine involvement. The female:male ratio is 2.2 and the mean age of PsA patients is 55 years (range 22-78 years). The mean duration of PsO is 10.3 years, while PsA mean duration is 6.8 years, with PsO preceding PsA in most individuals. One patient with PsO has polyarthritis and also positive Rheumatoid Factor and anti-CCP antibodies and is thus excluded from the series, while the other 29 PsA patients are consistently negative for both autoantibodies. Serum anti-nuclear antibodies are positive in 7/29 (24%) PsA and are speckled in 5 cases, 1 homogeneous and 1 nucleolar. IP analysis allowed the identification of specific bands corresponding to anti-Ago2/Su in 2 cases, anti-Ki/Sl in 2 cases and one weak anti-PM/Scl. None of these patients had clinical features suggestive for connective tissue disease in association with PsA. In 6/29 (20%) cases we were able to immunoprecipitate bands of variable molecular weight (48-180kD), but these do not correspond to known autoantibodies and no common band was detected in our subsets of PsA. RNA-IP did not show any specific autoantibody in the 29 PsA patients. One PsA patient later developed myositis, Raynaud9s phenomenon and sclerodactily but no specific autoantibody was identified by protein- and RNA-IP. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We report for the first time results of an extensive screening for new autoantibodies in PsA and identify specific bands and autoantibodies by protein-IP in our PsA patients, thus suggesting a possible autoimmune coexistance. The use of IP in a screening and follow-up setting may be useful to characterize new biomarkers for the early diagnosis of PsA in healthy subject and/or PsO patients. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
High-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell support for breast cancer in North America.
Authors: M Crump, S Gluck, K Pritchard, L Shepherd, J Pater
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.2.800 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 9469374 High-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell support for breast cancer in North America. M CrumpxM CrumpSearch for articles by this author , S GluckxS GluckSearch for articles by this author , K PritchardxK PritchardSearch for articles by this author , L ShepherdxL ShepherdSearch for articles by this author , J PaterxJ PaterSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1998.16.2.800 First Page PDF © 1998 by American Society of Clinical Oncology