tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Variations in the Vital-Capacity Measurement in Patients with Bronchial Asthma and Pulmonary Emphysema
Authors: L. A. Scarrone, R. Levin, A. L. Barach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

ACCORDING to Myers1 the earliest attempt to determine the inspiratory lung volume is attributed to Borelli, whose investigations were published in 1679. Subsequent investigators showed the vital capacity to be approximately 200 to 250 cubic inches.2 , 3 Hutchinson4 made a detailed study of the vital capacity of 3000 people and noted that it was influenced by such factors as age, disease, weight and height. Further studies confirmed these correlations, particularly that with surface area.5 , 6 The influence of these factors is shown in various tables of normal vital-capacity measurements.1 It is also well recognized that motivation, training and fatigue influence the accuracy . . .
Abstract 3792: Phenethyl isothiocyanate inhibits oxidative phosphorylation to initiate reactive oxygen species-mediated death of human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Anna A. Powolny, Dong Xiao, Michelle Barbi de Moura, Ajay Bommareddy, Eun-Ryeong Hahm, Bennett Van Houten, Shivendra V. Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a constituent of cruciferous vegetables (e.g., watercress), not only affords significant protection against chemically-induced cancer in experimental animals but also inhibits growth of human cancer cells in association with induction of apoptosis and autophagy. However, the mechanism by which PEITC causes cell death is not fully understood. Using LNCaP and PC-3 human prostate cancer cells as a model, we now demonstrate that the PEITC-induced cell death is initiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production due to inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. Exposure of prostate cancer cells to pharmacologic concentrations of PEITC resulted in ROS production, which was accompanied by inhibition of complex-III activity, suppression of oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP depletion. These effects were not observed in a normal human prostate epithelial cell line (PrEC). The Rho-0 variants of LNCaP and PC-3 cells lacking normal oxidative phosphorylation were significantly more resistant to PEITC-mediated ROS generation, apoptotic DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 activation, and collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential compared with respective wild-type cells. The PEITC treatment resulted in activation of Bax in wild-type LNCaP and PC-3 cells, but not in their respective Rho-0 variants. Furthermore, Bax and Bak knockdown conferred significant protection against PEITC-induced apoptosis. The Rho-0 variants of LNCaP and PC-3 cells also resisted autophagy induction by PEITC treatment. In conclusion, the present study provides concrete experimental evidence to implicate ROS in initiation of PEITC-induced apoptosis and autophagy in human prostate cancer cells. This investigation was supported by the National Cancer Institute grant 2 RO1 CA101753-06. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3792.
Predictors of Outcome in Severe, Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Raphael Rosenhek, Thomas Binder, Gerold Porenta, Irene Lang, Günther Christ, Michael Schemper, Gerald Maurer, Helmut Baumgartner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Whether to perform valve replacement in patients with asymptomatic but severe aortic stenosis is controversial. Therefore, we studied the natural history of this condition to identify predictors of outcome.During 1994, we identified 128 consecutive patients with asymptomatic, severe aortic stenosis (59 women and 69 men; mean [+/-SD] age, 60+/-18 years; aortic-jet velocity, 5.0+/-0.6 m per second). The patients were prospectively followed until 1998.Follow-up information was available for 126 patients (98 percent) for a mean of 22+/-18 months. Event-free survival, with the end point defined as death (8 patients) or valve replacement necessitated by the development of symptoms (59 patients), was 67+/-5 percent at one year, 56+/-5 percent at two years, and 33+/-5 percent at four years. Five of the six deaths from cardiac disease were preceded by symptoms. According to multivariate analysis, only the extent of aortic-valve calcification was an independent predictor of outcome, whereas age, sex, and the presence or absence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia were not. Event-free survival for patients with no or mild valvular calcification was 92+/-5 percent at one year, 84+/-8 percent at two years, and 75+/-9 percent at four years, as compared with 60+/-6 percent, 47+/-6 percent, and 20+/-5 percent, respectively, for those with moderate or severe calcification. The rate of progression of stenosis, as reflected by the aortic-jet velocity, was significantly higher in patients who had cardiac events (0.45+/-0.38 m per second per year) than those who did not have cardiac events (0.14+/-0.18 m per second per year, P<0.001), and the rate of progression of stenosis provided useful prognostic information. Of the patients with moderately or severely calcified aortic valves whose aortic-jet velocity increased by 0.3 m per second or more within one year, 79 percent underwent surgery or died within two years of the observed increase.In asymptomatic patients with aortic stenosis, it appears to be relatively safe to delay surgery until symptoms develop. However, outcomes vary widely. The presence of moderate or severe valvular calcification, together with a rapid increase in aortic-jet velocity, identifies patients with a very poor prognosis. These patients should be considered for early valve replacement rather than have surgery delayed until symptoms develop.
PTU-197 A Patient Satisfaction Survey for Coeliac Disease in Leeds – what do Patients Want?
Authors: J S R Jennings
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The long term follow up for patients with Coeliac disease is controversial. There are a number of models used in the UK which include follow up by primary care, conventional gastroenterology clinics, specialist Coeliac clinics &amp; dietician- or nurse-led services. National guidelines do not directly address this issue. I developed a patient satisfaction questionnaire with the Leeds local group of Coeliac UK to survey opinion. <h3>Methods</h3> A 30 point patient directed questionnaire was sent electronically to members of the Leeds Coeliac UK group. The questionnaire asked for basic demographics, details of diagnosis, compliance with the gluten free diet (GFD), opinions on the service provided &amp; asked for a preference for the long term follow up. <h3>Results</h3> 630 patients were sent an email copy of the questionnaire. I received 137 completed replies (22%). Mean age 61 years (range 8–91), 78% female, 96% British Caucasian. 18% had been diagnosed by their GP, 37% a non-specified consultant, 35% Gastroenterologist, 5% colorectal surgeon, 6% Paediatrics &amp; 3% self diagnosed. Mean age at diagnosis was 48 (range 0.5 to 78) with a mean of 6 years from onset of symptoms to diagnosis. 77% claimed to be strict with the GFD, 21% described lapses with 2% variably compliant. 65% did not eat oats. The majority (77%) wished to be monitored long term. Currently 45% saw their GP only, 29% attend general Gastroenterology clinics &amp; 26% a Specialist Coeliac clinic. 82% described clinics as useful. In the future 28% preferred follow up to be provided by a GP with guidelines, 5% a general clinic, 60% a Coeliac clinic &amp; 5% a dietician-led service. 2% wanted no follow up. 68% wished to be seen yearly, 10% 2 yearly. Patients described their experience of in-patient care episodes as poor. 68% described staff knowledge of the GFD as average or poor, 87% had average or poor access to a GFD &amp; 73% described poor access to dietetic services on the ward. 83% described cafe or canteen services for a GFD as poor. 59% had not received Pnemovax with 4% unsure. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This is a large patient survey. The responders are clearly a self-selecting group. Even so a third prefer long term follow up with their GP, with the majority asking for specialist care. The poor number of Pneumovax recipients suggests guidelines are needed for primary care. This data may help guide the future development of services. Perhaps the time has come for a national survey. The experience of patients with Coeliac disease in hospital is a concern. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
SC-27 * CD13 REPRESENTS A NOVEL BRAIN TUMOR STEM CELL MARKER FOR GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: N. Reeve, T. Markert, C. Oliva, C. Griguer
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a very deadly and highly vascularized tumor, but targeting glioma angiogenesis by vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition has been minimally successful. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms that control glioma angiogenesis and progression could lead to significant new therapies. We previously described that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion induces increased tumor angiogenesis, decreased mouse survival, increased resistance to chemotherapy, and an increase in CD133 (a well-known stem cell marker). Because glioma enriched with brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) share similar properties with mtDNA depleted glioma cells, we hypothesize that genes up-regulated in mitochondrial depleted cells could be signature markers of BTSCs. Thus, mtDNA could be essential for the maintenance and expansion of BTSC populations. We ran an RT Profiler PCR array for angiogenesis on both U251 ρ° cells depleted of mtDNA and on the parental, isogenic U251 glioma cells. CD13 mRNA expression was increased 200 fold in ρ° cells over U251 cells. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and immunocytochemisty we found that CD13 is significantly increased in ρ° cells over U251 cells, and is not regulated by hypoxia (1% O2). Purification of the CD13+ population by magnetic-activated cell sorting revealed that these cells form neurospheres when cultured in Neurobasal (NB) medium. In addition, 60% of CD13+ cells were also CD133+ in NB medium, while only 10% of CD13+ cells were also CD133+ in DMEM/F-12 medium. These findings suggest CD13 may be a marker of cancer stem cells in GBM. Further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms controlling the expression of CD13 may reveal novel therapuetic targets capable of improving the treatment of GBM.
SP0190 Observational Versus Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: P. Ravaud
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3></h3> The classical dogma regarding the design is that Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) have strengths and observational studies have limitations. Randomized trials are considered as the gold standard to evaluate interventions because randomization controls for known and unknown confounding makes study groups comparable. In comparison, non randomized or observational studies (cohorts and case controls) are considered of lower methodological quality. Non randomization predisposes to potentially important imbalances in baseline characteristics). Actually, both designs have strengths and weaknesses that must be recognized. The different types of observational data (issued from Cohorts, Registries, or Administrative Databases) have potentially different methodological limits. Furthermore, it is an unrealistic expectation that we will have randomized trials for every intervention and its combinations in every patient subgroup <i>(for example if for a disease such as Rheumatoid Arthritis we have 15 different treatment options and 3 different subgroups of patients, we need theoretically at least 315 head to head trials)</i>. Therefore, 85% of the Comparative Effectiveness Research evidence will come from non-experimental data according to the American Institute of Medicine. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Safety of vaginal microbial transfer in infants delivered by caesarean, and expected health outcomes
Authors: Jose C Clemente, Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Cunnington and colleagues recently acknowledged that birth by caesarean delivery is associated with increased risk of metabolic and immune diseases.1 This risk is also increased by alterations of the microbiota during early development in these neonates.2 3 The authors state that “vaginal seeding” might restore the microbiota of such infants and decrease the risk of disease, but that its health benefits are unproven. …
Nelfinavir, Efavirenz, or Both after the Failure of Nucleoside Treatment of HIV Infection
Authors: Mary A. Albrecht, Ronald J. Bosch, Scott M. Hammer, Song-Heng Liou, Harold Kessler, Michael F. Para, Joseph Eron, Hernan Valdez, Marjorie Dehlinger, David A. Katzenstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The optimal antiretroviral treatment for patients who have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viremia despite treatment with nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (nucleoside analogues) remains uncertain. We studied treatment with regimens that combined two nucleoside analogues, at least one of which was new, with the protease inhibitor nelfinavir, the nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz, or both.The study included 195 patients who had been treated with nucleoside analogues only, and had a plasma HIV type 1 (HIV-1) RNA level of at least 500 copies per milliliter. Patients were randomly assigned to receive, in addition to two nucleoside analogues, nelfinavir, efavirenz, or nelfinavir plus efavirenz. The primary end point was a plasma HIV-1 RNA level of less than 500 copies per milliliter at week 16. A secondary end point was the composite of the HIV-1 RNA levels measured at weeks 40 and 48.At week 16 and at weeks 40 and 48, the proportions of patients in whom a plasma HIV-1 RNA level of less than 500 copies per milliliter was achieved were, respectively, 81 percent and 74 percent in the nelfinavir-plus-efavirenz group, 69 percent and 60 percent in the efavirenz group, and 64 percent and 35 percent in the nelfinavir group. Quadruple therapy resulted in a higher rate of viral suppression in both the short term (P=0.03) and the long term (P=0.001) than did triple therapy with nelfinavir. Triple therapy with efavirenz conferred a higher rate of long-term suppression than triple therapy with nelfinavir (P=0.004). Quadruple therapy also achieved a higher rate of virologic suppression than triple therapy with efavirenz (P=0.008).In HIV-infected patients previously treated with nucleoside analogues, treatment with nelfinavir plus efavirenz and at least one new nucleoside analogue achieves a higher rate of viral suppression than do regimens with nucleoside analogues and nelfinavir or efavirenz alone.
Surrogate Markers of Survival in Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Meta-Analysis from Randomized Trials
Authors: H. Akamatsu, K. Mori, H. Harada, H. Imai, A. Ono, T. Taira, H. Kenmotsu, T. Naito, H. Murakami, T. Takahashi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
24-HOUR TELE-ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY HELPLINE FOR RURAL DOCTORS IS A GAME CHANGER IN RESOURCE POOR SETTINGS
Authors: Vivek Chauhan, Prakash Chandar Negi, Raina Sujeet, Sunil Raina, Rajesh Guleri, Mukul Bhatnagar, Vikrant Kanwar, Kumar Sambhav Pandey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
AB0538 Fatigue in patients with spondylarthritis: a sudy of 70 cases
Authors: I. Mahmoud, I. Cherif, O. saidane, R. tekaya, H. sahli, L. abdelmoula, R. Zouari
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Fatigue is reported to be a common complaint among patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS). Previous studies have shown that fatigue is associated with inflammatory pain, stiffness and global wellbeing. <h3>Objectives</h3> Assess the symptom of fatigue in patients with AS regard to its prevalence and its relationship with demographic variables, inflammatory pain, disease activity and other variables covering anxiety depression and sleep disturbance in patients with AS. <h3>Methods</h3> A self-administered questionnaire, including visual analog scales to assess fatigue and the FACIT-F (functional assessment of chronic illness therapy of fatigue) score were completed by 70 patients with AS felling the criteria of AMOR. FACIT-F is a questionnaire with13 items; higher scores of FACIT-F indicated more important fatigue. The demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were also collected : The BASDAI (Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index), the BASFI (Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index), the BASMI (Bath ankylosing spondylitis metrological index), the BAS G (Bath ankylosing spondylitis Global index), the BASRI (bath ankylosing spondylitis radiology index). Depression and anxiety was evaluated by the HAD (hospital anxiety and depression scale), quality of life was assessed by the SF36 and sleep quality was evaluated by sleep scale from the medical outcomes Study. <h3>Results</h3> Seventy patients were included. 65% were men, sex ratio was 1,85. Age ranged from 16 to 74 years with an average of 40,6 years. Mean disease duration was 10,75±9 years. Mean Pain-VAS was 65 mm and mean Tiredness-VAS was 56 mm. Mean BASDAI score was 45%, mean BASFI score was 44,7% and mean BASG- score was 55%. The mean BASMI score was 4,76 and the mean BASRI score was 4,43. Mean HAD score was 15,9. Mean fatigue-VAS was 56,21 and mean FACIT-F score was 25,67 (8-52) Fatigue is significantly correlated with the VAS pain (p = 0.028), the BASFI (p=0,004) the BASDAI (p = 0.004), the BASG (p= 0.001), the BASMI (p=0,021) the HAD (p &lt;0.001), the Lesquene index (p=0,002) and the SF36(p=0,023). Otherwise, sleep disturbance influence significantly the VAS fatigue (p=0,02) <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our findings suggests that Fatigue is a major symptom in the majority of patients with AS, in particular those with active disease. The physician needs to take into account this parameter in the global care of patients with AS. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
RADIAL VERSUS FEMORAL ACCESS FOR PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN NON-ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A META-ANALYSIS OF 38,587 PATIENTS
Authors: Don Pham, Vu Hoang, Daniel Addison, Ameera Ahmed, Ravi Hira, Ihab Hamzeh, Salim Virani, Nasser Lakkis, Mahboob Alam
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Abstract 543: Estrogen metabolism within prostatic micro-milieu: insights to prostatic carcinogenesis
Authors: Ahmed M. Al-Abd, Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim, Alaa Khedr, Faten S. Gazzaz, Hisham A. Mosli
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Prostatic cancer is amongst the most common neoplasm in men. Inflammation and accelerated proliferation are important underlying causes for prostatic carcinogenesis. The role of estrogen in prostate physiology and pathophysiology has been growing rapidly. However some estrogen metabolites are more potent relative to parent estrogen. In the current work, the reciprocal role between inflammation and estrogen metabolism in prostatic microenvironment was investigated. Prostatitis was induced in normal and estrogen treated male rats by intraprostatic injection of 2% carragenan solution. After 48 h, animals were euthanized and prostate glands were collected. Prostatic inflammation and proliferation were confirmed by gross visual, histological and elevated TNF-α, PGE2 and cyclin-D1. Expression of estrogen metabolizing enzymes was assessed using real time PCR and estrogen metabolites within prostate tissue were assayed using LC-MS/MS. Inflammation combined with estrogen exposure showed exaggerated inflammatory and proliferative response. Estrogen metabolizing enzymes were over expressed in response to prostatic inflammation with sequential accumulation of catechol estrogens within prostatic tissues. Catechol estrogens were found to accelerate prostatic epithelial cell proliferation and alter their genetic stability. In conclusion, the current work provides experimental evidence that prostatic inflammation enhances estrogen metabolism to generate catechol estrogens within prostatic microenvironment. These may contribute in prostatic inflammation and accelerated proliferation and subsequently prostatic carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 543. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-543
A CENTRAL ACTION OF SOME ANTIHISTAMINES
Authors: R. J. JOHNS, H. E. HIMWICH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1950)

1. Benadryl, Dramamine, and Lergigan can cure DFP-induced cortical seizures. The action of Phenergan is less consistent while Thephorin, Antistine, Pyribenzamine, Neoantergan, and Chlor-Trimeton failed to eliminate the seizure waves. 2. Benadryl, Dramamine, Lergigan, and Phenergan corrected the adversive syndrome (forced circling movements) produced by the injection of subconvulsive doses of DFP. The other 5 antihistamines were without corrective effect. 3. The curative abilities of Benadryl, Dramamine, Lergigan, and Phenergan depends upon a cerebral action of these drugs and may be related to an atropine-like quality that is seen to a lesser extent in the other 5 antihistamines. We wish to thank W. G. Esmond, Alice McCauley, and P. D. Bales for cooperating with us in the performance of some of the original experiments (see reference 19).
Nonoperative Reduction of Acute Volvulus of the Sigmoid
Authors: Edward Hamlin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE incidence of sigmoidal volvulus in the United States is so low that few surgeons acquire great experience in dealing with it. It is reported by most authors as ranging between 1 and 4 per cent of all cases of intestinal obstruction. At the Massachusetts General Hospital in the last seventeen years it has been the cause of 2.5 per cent of such cases.In Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, on the other hand, it is reported to be far more common, comprising from 30 to 50 per cent of all cases of intestinal obstruction.1 The treatment of sigmoidal volvulus in . . .
Hepatitis A outbreak in British Columbia, Canada: the roles of established surveillance, consumer loyalty cards and collaboration, February to May 2012
Authors: H M Swinkels, M Kuo, G Embree, Collective Fraser Health Environmental Health Investigation Team, A Andonov, B Henry, J A Buxton
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Non-travel-related hepatitis A is rare in Canada. We describe a hepatitis A outbreak investigation in British Columbia in February to May 2012 in which exposure history was collected from nine confirmed non-travel-related cases. Suspected foods were tested for hepatitis A virus (HAV): a frozen fruit blend was identified as a common exposure for six of the nine cases using supermarket loyalty cards. Consumption of the product was confirmed in each case. Genetic analysis confirmed HAV genotype 1B in the six exposed cases. Of the three non-exposed cases, the virus could not be genotyped for two of them; the virus from the other case was found to be genotype 1A and this case was therefore not considered part of the outbreak. HAV was detected by PCR from pomegranate seeds, a component of the identified frozen fruit blend. Historically low levels of HAV infection in British Columbia triggered early recognition of the outbreak. Loyalty card histories facilitated product identification and a trace-back investigation implicated imported pomegranate seeds.
Quantitative competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for BCR-ABL on Philadelphia-negative leukaphereses allows the selection of low-contaminated peripheral blood progenitor cells for autografting in chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: MT Corsetti, E Lerma, A Dejana, P Basta, R Ferrara, F Benvenuto, F Vassallo, M Abate, G Piaggio, C Parodi, M Sessarego, G Li Pira, F Manca, AM Carella
Journal: Leukemia (1999)