Lactation and Progression to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wataru Nagahori, Hiromasa Takenoshita, Kataoka Yuki, Miho Kimachi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Letters16 August 2016Lactation and Progression to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After Gestational Diabetes MellitusWataru Nagahori, MD, Hiromasa Takenoshita, MD, Kataoka Yuki, MD, MPH, and Miho Kimachi, MD, PhDWataru Nagahori, MDFrom Hokkaido Ohno Hospital, Sapporo, Japan; Karatsu Red Cross Hospital, Karatsu, Japan; and Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.Search for more papers by this author, Hiromasa Takenoshita, MDFrom Hokkaido Ohno Hospital, Sapporo, Japan; Karatsu Red Cross Hospital, Karatsu, Japan; and Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.Search for more papers by this author, Kataoka Yuki, MD, MPHFrom Hokkaido Ohno Hospital, Sapporo, Japan; Karatsu Red Cross Hospital, Karatsu, Japan; and Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.Search for more papers by this author, and Miho Kimachi, MD, PhDFrom Hokkaido Ohno Hospital, Sapporo, Japan; Karatsu Red Cross Hospital, Karatsu, Japan; and Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L16-0105 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Gunderson and colleagues' prospective cohort study (1) clearly shows an inverse relationship between lactation intensity and duration and the incidence of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus among women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. These results provide strong evidence that breast milk–based feeding in patients with gestational diabetes protects against progression to type 2 diabetes. However, we offer 2 comments on the study design and analysis.First, the study protocol (2) planned for lactation intention to be estimated using an infant feeding intention scale (3), but the article provided no data on this scale. We consider that lactation intensity ...References1. Gunderson EP, Hurston SR, Ning X, Lo JC, Crites Y, Walton D, et al; Study of Women, Infant Feeding and Type 2 Diabetes After GDM Pregnancy Investigators. Lactation and progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163:889-98. [PMID: 26595611]. doi:10.7326/M15-0807 LinkGoogle Scholar2. Gunderson EP, Matias SL, Hurston SR, Dewey KG, Ferrara A, Quesenberry CP, et al. Study of Women, Infant Feeding, and Type 2 diabetes mellitus after GDM pregnancy (SWIFT), a prospective cohort study: methodology and design. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:952. [PMID: 22196129] doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-952 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Nommsen-Rivers LA, Dewey KG. Development and validation of the infant feeding intentions scale. Matern Child Health J. 2009;13:334-42. [PMID: 18473131] doi:10.1007/s10995-008-0356-y CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Kraemer HC, Stice E, Kazdin A, Offord D, Kupfer D. How do risk factors work together? Mediators, moderators, and independent, overlapping, and proxy risk factors. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158:848-56. [PMID: 11384888] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Hokkaido Ohno Hospital, Sapporo, Japan; Karatsu Red Cross Hospital, Karatsu, Japan; and Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.Disclosures: Authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L16-0105. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoLactation and Progression to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Erica P. Gunderson , Shanta R. Hurston , Xian Ning , Joan C. Lo , Yvonne Crites , David Walton , Kathryn G. Dewey , Robert A. Azevedo , Stephen Young , Gary Fox , Cathie C. Elmasian , Nora Salvador , Michael Lum , Barbara Sternfeld , Charles P. Quesenberry Jr. , and Lactation and Progression to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Erica P. Gunderson and Metrics 16 August 2016Volume 165, Issue 4Page: 299KeywordsBreast feedingCohort studiesConflicts of interestDiabetes mellitusDisclosureGestational diabetesInfantsLactationType 2 diabetes ePublished: 16 August 2016 Issue Published: 16 August 2016 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2016 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...