tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
482O Clinical impact of a pre-screening system using comprehensive genomic profiling to guide phase I trial registry in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: H.S. Okuma, Y. Tanabe, H. Ichikawa, T. Kohno, H. Yoshida, T. Kubo, A. Shimomura, S. Iwasa, S. Kondo, S. Kitano, Y. Fujiwara, N. Yamamoto, K. Tamura
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
The Jury Is Still Out on Working Memory Training
Authors: Benjamin Katz, Priti Shah
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Randomized trial of micafungin versus fluconazole as prophylaxis against invasive fungal infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Silvia Park, Kihyun Kim, Jun Ho Jang, Seok Jin Kim, Won Seog Kim, Doo Ryeon Chung, Cheol-In Kang, Kyong Ran Peck, Chul Won Jung
Journal: Journal of Infection (2016)
Disparities in referral by risk profile for genetic counseling of high-risk individuals: A disease-specific analysis of mutation frequencies of 1,193 patients presenting for presumptive hereditary breast ovarian cancer (HBOC) or colorectal cancer syndromes (CCS).
Authors: I. Shapira, R. J. Gralla, K. S. Sultan, V. S. John, C. E. Devoe, J. T. D'Olimpio, H. Raftopoulos, L. Donahue, V. Vinciguerra, S. Cohen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

1547 Background: Inherited mutations in autosomal dominant genes account for 5-10% of breast and colon cancers. Benefits of appropriate genetic testing and counseling have been well determined. If referral patterns for genetic counseling differ by disease, many patients may be underserved. In the diverse population that we serve, we endeavored to understand which patients are referred for genetic testing by disease-specific risk. Methods: Over a 5-year period (2004–2009) we analyzed genetic test resultsby referral source and mutation in 1,193 consecutively testedindividuals (excluding those with who had been previously tested at our institution to limit the bias for mutation positivity). Results: Of these 1,193 individuals seen for genetic counseling and testing at our institution, 1,129 subjects were referred for the presumptive diagnosis of HBOC, and 64 were referred for either a presumptive diagnosis of Lynch syndrome (n = 59) or with multiple colorectal polyps (n = 5). As in the Table, of the 1,129 subjects referred for the presumptive diagnosis of HBOC, 162 (14%) had deleterious mutations in either BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 genes. Of the 64 subjects referred with CCS, 30 (46%) were found to have deleterious mutations. A marked difference in referral patterns was found by disease presumed risk in terms of the number of patients seen. Additionally, a much higher rate of positive mutations was found in those with CCS, indicating a higher threshold for referral for these patients compared with those with HBOC, despite a similar incidence at our center of breast and colorectal cancers. Conclusions: Barriers to genetic testing exist, especially with CCS. To overcome this problem, enhanced education and outreach efforts to the medical community and to patients is needed if the established benefits of genetic testing and counseling are to be realized. No. (% referral) % with mutations (95% CI) % of total cancer diagnosis at our center % of total cancer diagnosis in the US HBOC 1,129 (94%) 14% (12%–16%) 19% 14% (27% in women) CCS 64 (6%) 47% (35%–59%) 15% 10% No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Does biologic subtype and pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy predict locoregional recurrence?
Authors: T. Jonathan Yang, Monica Morrow, Shanu Modi, Kate Krause, Chun Siu, Gaorav P. Gupta, Beryl McCormick, Simon N. Powell, Alice Y. Ho
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

65 Background: The relative contribution of biological subtype and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) to locoregional recurrence (LRR) is uncertain. We aim to determine if these factors identify a high risk population for LRR. Methods: 233 patients received anthracycline/taxane-based NAC, mastectomy and postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) in 2000-2009 for Stage II-III breast cancer. 53% (n=123) were HR+ (ER or PR+/HER2-), 23% (53) HER2+ (HER2+/HR+ or HR-), and 24% (57) TN (HR-/HER2-). 76% of HER2+ received trastuzumab. Median PMRT dose was 50 Gy to chest wall and regional nodes. Pathologic complete response (pCR) rates were compared using Fisher's exact test. Rates of LRR and distant recurrence (DR) were estimated by Kaplan-Meier methods. Cox regression analysis was performed. Results: Median follow-up was 62 months (range 7-161) with 21 LRR, 84 DR and 58 deaths. pCR rate and 5-year LRR rates were 14% and 7% in the entire cohort, respectively. Significantly more TN and HER2+ patients achieved pCR than HR+ patients (Table 1, p=0.003). TN patients had higher 5-year LRR rate compared to HR+ and HER2+ patients (18% vs. 4% and 6%, p=0.02). The 5-year LRR rate was 0% in pCR patients versus 9% in non-pCR patients (p=0.06). In patients without pCR, TN subtype was associated with increased LRR (23% at 5-year vs. 4% HR+ and 7% HER2+; p=0.001). TN patients without pCR were also associated with increased DR (48% at 5-year vs. 29% HR+ and 30% HER2+, p=0.02). On univariate analysis, TN subtype (HR=2.0, p=0.008), pathologic stage (HR=2.2, p=0.02), and pN+ status (HR=9.3, p=0.03) were associated with increased LRR. Conclusions: Although response to NAC strongly correlates with breast cancer subtype, patients with HR+ and HER2+ breast cancer had favorable rates of LRR regardless of response to NAC, perhaps because of additional postoperative targeted therapy. In contrast, while no LRR was seen in TN patients with pCR, those with poor response to NAC had significantly higher LRR risk, underscoring the need for potential new treatment strategies to improve local control in this population. [Table: see text]
Case 46-1965
Authors: Robert H. Schapiro, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

Presentation of CaseA forty-year-old teacher was admitted to the hospital because of hematemesis.He had been well until ten weeks previously, when there was the onset of a persistent, dry cough and fluctuating, nonpleuritic pain in the chest and shoulders, occasionally accompanied by chilly sensations. Five weeks later the abdomen became distended, and he subsequently passed a black stool on one occasion. One week before admission the abdominal swelling progressed rapidly, and he passed several tarry stools. He entered another hospital, where ascitic fluid was removed; microscopical examination of the fluid revealed no tumor cells or acid-fast bacilli, and . . .
Atrioventricular Block
Authors: John A. Kastor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

(Second of Two Parts*)Rules and Exceptions about Locus of A-V BlockFrom what is generally known about human pathophysiology, it might be anticipated that strict separation of nodal from infra-nodal block would not be as perfect as the previous discussion implies. In fact it is not. Some patients may have electrocardiographic findings of both A-V nodal and infra-nodal block. Typically, block of second or third degree is seen with fixed P-R intervals in the conducted beats (characteristic of Mobitz Type II infra-nodal block), but with a normal QRS (as found usually in Mobitz Type I A-V nodal block). . . .
Inhibition of Rous Sarcoma Virus Activity by Oxidized Tumor Lipides
Authors: John B. Moloney
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1957)

Journal Article Inhibition of Rous Sarcoma Virus Activity by Oxidized Tumor Lipides Get access John B. Moloney John B. Moloney Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 18, Issue 4, April 1957, Pages 515–527, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/18.4.515 Published: 01 April 1957 Article history Received: 05 December 1956 Published: 01 April 1957
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Mitigate Experimental Colitis via Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 7-mediated Immunosuppression
Authors: Yan Liao, Junxia Lei, Muyun Liu, Wanwen Lin, Dongxi Hong, Ying Tuo, Mei Hua Jiang, Huimin Xia, Maosheng Wang, Weijun Huang, Andy Peng Xiang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2016)

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown great potential for treating inflammatory bowel disease, which is ameliorated through paracrine cross talk between MSCs and T-cells. Members of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) family have important immunomodulatory functions in MSCs, but the underlying mechanisms behind these functions have not yet been clearly elucidated. In this study, we investigate whether MSC-produced IGFBP7 is involved in immune modulation using a mouse experimental colitis model. Gene expression profiling revealed that IGFBP7 was highly expressed in MSCs. Consistent with this findings, IGFBP7 knockdown in MSCs significantly decreased their immunomodulatory properties, decreasing the antiproliferative functions of MSCs against T-cells, while also having an effect on the proinflammatory cytokine production of the T-cells. Furthermore, in the mouse experimental colitis model, MSC-derived IGFBP7 ameliorated the clinical and histopathological severity of induced colonic inflammation and also restored the injured gastrointestinal mucosal tissues. In conclusion, IGFBP7 contributes significantly to MSC-mediated immune modulation, as is shown by the ability of IGFBP7 knockdown in MSCs to restore proliferation and cytokine production in T-cells. These results suggest that IGFBP7 may act as a novel MSC-secreted immunomodulatory factor. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown great potential for treating inflammatory bowel disease, which is ameliorated through paracrine cross talk between MSCs and T-cells. Members of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) family have important immunomodulatory functions in MSCs, but the underlying mechanisms behind these functions have not yet been clearly elucidated. In this study, we investigate whether MSC-produced IGFBP7 is involved in immune modulation using a mouse experimental colitis model. Gene expression profiling revealed that IGFBP7 was highly expressed in MSCs. Consistent with this findings, IGFBP7 knockdown in MSCs significantly decreased their immunomodulatory properties, decreasing the antiproliferative functions of MSCs against T-cells, while also having an effect on the proinflammatory cytokine production of the T-cells. Furthermore, in the mouse experimental colitis model, MSC-derived IGFBP7 ameliorated the clinical and histopathological severity of induced colonic inflammation and also restored the injured gastrointestinal mucosal tissues. In conclusion, IGFBP7 contributes significantly to MSC-mediated immune modulation, as is shown by the ability of IGFBP7 knockdown in MSCs to restore proliferation and cytokine production in T-cells. These results suggest that IGFBP7 may act as a novel MSC-secreted immunomodulatory factor.
Psychiatric components of medical and surgical practice, II: Referral and treatment of psychiatric disorders
Authors: M A Fauman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

In response to a questionnaire regarding the frequency and type of psychiatric disorders among their patients, internists and surgeons in private practice estimated that 21.1% of their patients had psychiatric problems, that 14.6% would benefit from psychiatric treatment, and that they spent an average of 17.3% of their time treating psychiatric problems. They also stated that depression was the most frequent psychiatric disorder among their patients. More than half of the internists indicated they would treat depression, anxiety attacks, psychosomatic disorders, and organic brain disorders, which may be one explanation for the observation that more medical and surgical patients have psychiatric disorders than are referred to a psychiatrist.
European Court adviser rules against tobacco companies
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The European Union is on course to introduce tougher restrictions on the manufacture, presentation, and sale of cigarettes after two of the world's largest tobacco companies recently had a major legal setback in their attempt to overturn the new rules.

These rules will require cigarette manufacturers to set aside 30% of the front of a packet for clear health messages such as “Smoking kills.” They will also cut the maximum permitted tar levels from 12 mg to 10 mg and outlaw the use of terms such as “low tar,” “ultra light,” and “mild.”

The strict controls would apply to cigarettes both sold in and exported from the European Union.

Soon after EU governments and the European parliament adopted the measures in June last year, British American Tobacco (Investments) and Imperial Tobacco challenged their legality before London's High Court. They argued that the European Union had overstepped its powers.

The case was referred to the European Union's highest legal authority, the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. After considering the respective arguments, Leendert Geelhoed, one of the senior advocates general who advises the judges, has rejected the companies' complaints and ruled that the legislation is valid.

The advocate general also supported the legislation's right to apply the same restrictions to cigarettes exported from the union. The European Commission has welcomed the advocate general's opinion. But the final decision now rests with the full court, which usually, but not always, follows the advice it has been given.
Qualitative changes in hallucinations
Authors: L J Miller
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

This study examined which characteristics of hallucinations are most likely to change after inpatient treatment.Fifty hallucinating psychiatric inpatients were given semistructured interviews shortly after admission and again shortly before discharge to elicit detailed descriptions of 12 characteristics of hallucinations.Twenty-eight (56%) of the 50 patients continued to report hallucinations after inpatient treatment. Posttreatment hallucinations differed significantly from pretreatment hallucinations in that they were less frequent, less intense, and less likely to prompt overt behavioral responses. Other characteristics of hallucinations remained relatively stable.Even when treatment does not eliminate hallucinations, it may alter them significantly. Outcome criteria that consider only the presence or absence of hallucinations may miss important changes in the nature of the symptom. This demonstrates that there is no simple "on-off switch" for hallucinations and supports multifactorial theories of the etiology of hallucinations.
PINK1 Is a Negative Regulator of Growth and the Warburg Effect in Glioblastoma
Authors: Sameer Agnihotri, Brian Golbourn, Xi Huang, Marc Remke, Susan Younger, Rob A. Cairns, Alan Chalil, Christian A. Smith, Stacey-Lynn Krumholtz, Danielle Mackenzie, Patricia Rakopoulos, Vijay Ramaswamy, Michael S. Taccone, Paul S. Mischel, Gregory N. Fuller, Cynthia Hawkins, William L. Stanford, Michael D. Taylor, Gelareh Zadeh, James T. Rutka
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Proliferating cancer cells are characterized by high rates of glycolysis, lactate production, and altered mitochondrial metabolism. This metabolic reprogramming provides important metabolites for proliferation of tumor cells, including glioblastoma. These biological processes, however, generate oxidative stress that must be balanced through detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using an unbiased retroviral loss-of-function screen in nontransformed human astrocytes, we demonstrate that mitochondrial PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) is a regulator of the Warburg effect and negative regulator of glioblastoma growth. We report that loss of PINK1 contributes to the Warburg effect through ROS-dependent stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1A and reduced pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme 2 activity, both key regulators of aerobic glycolysis. Mechanistically, PINK1 suppresses ROS and tumor growth through FOXO3a, a master regulator of oxidative stress and superoxide dismutase 2. These findings highlight the importance of PINK1 and ROS balance in normal and tumor cells. PINK1 loss was observed in a significant number of human brain tumors including glioblastoma (n > 900) and correlated with poor patient survival. PINK1 overexpression attenuates in vivo glioblastoma growth in orthotopic mouse xenograft models and a transgenic glioblastoma model in Drosophila Cancer Res; 76(16); 4708-19. ©2016 AACR.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Values (Feulgen Microspectrophotometry) in Epithelium of Human Ectocervix, Normal and Cancerous
Authors: Bevan L. Reid, Sardool Singh
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1960)

Absorption measurements of Feulgen-stained nuclei have been made on squamous epithelia in the human cervix uteri in precancerous and cancerous conditions. The scatter of values for the prepuberal and for 3 out of 8 post-puberal cervical epithelial histograms was fairly symmetrical and shaped like a wide variety of somatic tissues, including skin. In the remaining 5 post-puberal specimens there was a small group of nuclei at least double that of the mean for the tissue. In all the post-puberal specimens the mitotic rate was of the order of 1:10,000 cells. The scatter of values in the precancerous and cancerous specimens is characteristically broad, but broader in the so-called metaplastic lesion than in frank carcinoma. In the epithelia of otherwise normal cervices there were a few cells with high deoxyribonucleic acid values in the range of known values for cancer stem lines; the significance of their presence is discussed.
Council on Medical Education
Authors: D Robb
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Risk evaluation of postoperative complication in patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery.
Authors: Hiroshi Miyakita, Sotaro Sadahiro, Toshiyuki Suzuki, Akira Tanaka, Kazutake Okada, Gota Saito
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

756 Background: Colorectal cancer patients with postoperative complications have poor long-term outcomes. Rectal cancer is associated with a higher incidence of complications than colon cancer. Reliable predictors of complications would facilitate determination of surgical procedures such as stoma creation. We examined the relations between five kinds of risk score and postoperative complications in patients(pts) with rectal cancer. Methods: The subjects were 261 pts with cStage II/III rectal cancer from 2003 to 2013. We categorized complications into all complications, leakage, infectious complications and intestinal obstruction. Estimation of physiologic ability and surgical stress comprehensive risk scores (E-PASS CRS), surgical Apgar scores (SAS), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), colorectal physiological and operative severity scores for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity (CR-POSSUM), and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios (NLR) were assessed. Clavien-Dindo (CD) Grade 3a or higher requiring surgically invasive treatment were considered complications. For leakage, CD Grade 3b or higher were considered complications. Results: Complications occurred in 56 pts (21%), leakage (L) in 12 (14%), infectious complications (IC) in 19 (7%), and intestinal obstruction (IO) in 16 (6%). E-PASS CRS significantly correlated with all complications (OR 3.45; p &lt; 0.001), IC (OR 0.26; p = 0.008), L (OR 4.94; p = 0.027), and IO (OR 3.92; p = 0.007). PNI correlated with all complications (OR 0.38; p = 0.002) and IO (OR 3.08; p = 0.024). NLR correlated with all complications (OR 0.40; p = 0.003), IC (OR 0.25; p = 0.004), L (OR 8.66; p &lt; 0.001), and IO (OR 3.86; p = 0.007). SAS correlated with IC (OR 0.19; p = 0.004). CR-POSSUM correlated with all complications, (OR 2.26; p = 0.009), IC (OR 5.02; p &lt; 0.001), and IO (OR 0.28; p = 0.014). Multivariate analysis revealed E-PASS CRS (OR 6.17 p = 0.020) and NLR (OR 7.11 p = 0.011) were independent risk factors for L. Conclusions: Five kinds of risk score were all useful for assessing the risk of complications in rectal cancer. NLR was the only risk factor for leakage that could be used before surgery. Our results suggest NLR might be an auxiliary means of evaluating the need for creation of diverting stoma.
Seasonal variation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: preliminary experience with light treatment
Authors: T H Yoney, T A Pigott, F L'Heureux, N E Rosenthal
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1991)

The authors surveyed 34 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder for a history of seasonal variations in symptoms and behavior and treated six of these patients with bright light. Overall, the patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder did not report a greater degree of seasonal variations than normal and no response was seen to bright light therapy in the small number of patients treated.