tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical implications of state-dependent learning
Authors: V I Reus, H Weingartner, R M Post
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

Researchers have found that state-dependent learning is associated with the administration of a wide variety of drugs. Recent data suggest that similar phenomena may occur secondary to endogenous changes in neuroregulatory substances. The authors point out that awareness of such changes in cognitive processing strategies and abilities should help to further our understanding of the phenomenology of psychiatric states and should generate psychotherapeutic techniques designed to maximize the transfer of information across psychiatric states.
The Legal Implications of Report Back in Household Exposure Studies
Authors: Shaun A. Goho
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Scientists conducting research into household air or dust pollution must decide whether, when, and how to disclose to study participants their individual results. A variety of considerations factor into this decision, but one factor that has not received attention until now is the possibility that study participants' receipt of their results might create legal duties under environmental, property, landlord-tenant, or other laws.
A Yellow Fever Epidemic
Authors: Daniel Lucey, Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Efficacy and Safety of Radotinib Compared with Imatinib in Newly Diagnosed Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients: 12 Months Result of Phase 3 Clinical Trial
Authors: Jae-Yong Kwak, Hawk Kim, Jeong A Kim, Young Rok Do, Hyeoung Joon Kim, Joon Seong Park, Joo Seop Chung, Ho-Jin Shin, Sung-Hyun Kim, Dae-Young Kim, Udomsak Bunworasate, Chul Won Choi, Narcisa Sonia Cornejo Comia, Dae Young Zang, Sukjoong Oh, Saengsuree Jootar, Ary Harryanto Reksodiputro, Won Sik Lee, Yeung-Chul Mun, Jee Hyun Kong, Priscilla B. Caguioa, Jinny Park, Chul Won Jung, Dong-Wook Kim
Journal: Blood (2015)
Ambient Fine Particulate Matter and Mortality among Survivors of Myocardial Infarction: Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Hong Chen, Richard T. Burnett, Ray Copes, Jeffrey C. Kwong, Paul J. Villeneuve, Mark S. Goldberg, Robert D. Brook, Aaron van Donkelaar, Michael Jerrett, Randall V. Martin, Jeffrey R. Brook, Alexander Kopp, Jack V. Tu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Survivors of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are at increased risk of dying within several hours to days following exposure to elevated levels of ambient air pollution. Little is known, however, about the influence of long-term (months to years) air pollution exposure on survival after AMI.We conducted a population-based cohort study to determine the impact of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) on post-AMI survival.We assembled a cohort of 8,873 AMI patients who were admitted to 1 of 86 hospital corporations across Ontario, Canada in 1999-2001. Mortality follow-up for this cohort extended through 2011. Cumulative time-weighted exposures to PM2.5 were derived from satellite observations based on participants' annual residences during follow-up. We used standard and multilevel spatial random-effects Cox proportional hazards models and adjusted for potential confounders.Between 1999 and 2011, we identified 4,016 nonaccidental deaths, of which 2,147 were from any cardiovascular disease, 1,650 from ischemic heart disease, and 675 from AMI. For each 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR10) of nonaccidental mortality was 1.22 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.45]. The association with PM2.5 was robust to sensitivity analyses and appeared stronger for cardiovascular-related mortality: ischemic heart (HR10 = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.83) and AMI (HR10 = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.13, 2.40). We estimated that 12.4% of nonaccidental deaths (or 497 deaths) could have been averted if the lowest measured concentration in an urban area (4 μg/m3) had been achieved at all locations over the course of the study.Long-term air pollution exposure adversely affects the survival of AMI patients.Chen H, Burnett RT, Copes R, Kwong JC, Villeneuve PJ, Goldberg MS, Brook RD, van Donkelaar A, Jerrett M, Martin RV, Brook JR, Kopp A, Tu JV. 2016. Ambient fine particulate matter and mortality among survivors of myocardial infarction: population-based cohort study. Environ Health Perspect 124:1421-1428; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP185.
Nocturnal penile tumescence in depressed men
Authors: M E Thase, C F Reynolds, L M Glanz, J R Jennings, D E Sewitch, D J Kupfer, E Frank
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

Nocturnal penile tumescence recordings were performed in 10 men with major depression and 10 age-matched healthy control subjects to evaluate the possibility that clinical disturbances in sexual interest and activity often reported by depressed persons are associated with objective changes in sexual neurophysiology. Depressed men had significantly reduced minutes of tumescence time, a finding that was not attributable to alterations in sleep efficiency or REM sleep time. Three depressed men had baseline tumescence profiles suggestive of "organogenic" impotence, which improved after recovery. The authors discuss the implications of such findings for clinical practice and future research.
A patient with cancer and nail pigmentation
Authors: Abhishek Maiti, Sreyasi Bhattacharya
Journal: BMJ (2016)

A 32 year old African-American woman with stage 2B distorted B cell lymphoma of the cervix was admitted because of febrile neutropenia. Apart from fevers, she had black discoloration of her nails (fig 1⇓). She had completed three cycles of a dose adjusted R-EPOCH regimen (rituximab, etoposide, prednisolone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin) and also took acetaminophen (paracetamol)-hydrocodone, and ondansetron. …
The incidence and patterns of illness at the Sochi 2014 Winter Paralympic Games: a prospective cohort study of 6564 athlete days
Authors: W Derman, M P Schwellnus, E Jordaan, P Runciman, P Van de Vliet, C Blauwet, N Webborn, S Willick, J Stomphorst
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

To describe the epidemiology of illness at the Sochi 2014 Winter Paralympic Games.A total of 547 athletes from 45 countries were monitored daily for 12 days over the Sochi 2014 Winter Paralympic Games (6564 athlete days). Illness data were obtained daily from teams without their own medical support (13 teams, 37 athletes) and teams with their own medical support (32 teams, 510 athletes) through electronic data capturing systems.The total number of illnesses reported was 123, with an illness incidence rate (IR) of 18.7 per 1000 athlete days (95% CI 15.1% to 23.2%). The highest IR was reported for wheelchair curling (IR of 20.0 (95% CI 10.1% to 39.6%)). Illnesses in the respiratory system (IR of 5.6 (95% CI 3.8% to 8.0%)), eye and adnexa (IR of 2.7 (95% CI 1.7% to 4.4%)) and digestive system (IR of 2.4 (95% CI 1.4% to 4.2%)) were the most common. Older athletes (35-63 years) had a significantly higher IR than younger athletes (14-25 years, p=0.049).The results of this study indicate that Paralympic athletes report higher illness incidence rates compared to Olympic athletes at similar competitions. The highest rates of illness were reported for the respiratory and digestive systems, eye and adnexa, respectively. Thus, the results of this study form a basis for the identification of physiological systems at higher risk of illness, which can in turn inform illness prevention and management programmes with eventual policy change to promote athlete safety in future editions of the Winter Paralympic Games.
Treatment of Hirsute Women with Cimetidine
Authors: Robert A. Vigersky, Ira Mehlman, Allan R. Glass, Charles E. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

THE treatment of hirsute women is controversial and often presents a therapeutic dilemma. Mechanical methods (such as shaving or using depilatories) are safe but often unacceptable to the patient, whereas suppression of adrenal or ovarian function may not be effective and may have undesirable side effects. An alternative approach is the use of a drug that blocks androgen action at the hair follicle. Such blocking should be successful whether the source of the excess androgen is ovarian or adrenal. Because cimetidine has recently been found to have antiandrogenic activity, 1 2 3 we used it to treat severely hirsute women and assessed its . . .
Effect of Teledermatology on Access to Dermatology Care Among Medicaid Enrollees
Authors: Lori Uscher-Pines, Rosalie Malsberger, Lane Burgette, Andrew Mulcahy, Ateev Mehrotra
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

Access to specialists such as dermatologists is often limited for Medicaid enrollees. Teledermatology has been promoted as a potential solution; however, its effect on access to care at the population level has rarely been assessed.To evaluate the effect of teledermatology on the number of Medicaid enrollees who received dermatology care and to describe which patients were most likely to be referred to teledermatology.Claims data from a large California Medicaid managed care plan that began offering teledermatology as a covered service in April 2012 were analyzed. The plan enrolled 382 801 patients in California's Central Valley, including 108 480 newly enrolled patients who obtained coverage after the implementation of the Affordable Care Act. Rates of dermatology visits by patients affiliated with primary care practices that referred patients to teledermatology and those that did not were compared. Data were collected from April 1, 2012, through December 31, 2014, and assessed from March 1 to October 15, 2015.The percentage of patients with at least 1 visit to a dermatologist (including in-person and teledermatology visits) and total visits with dermatologists (including in-person and teledermatology visits) per 1000 patients.Of the 382 801 patients enrolled for at least 1 day from 2012 to 2014, 8614 (2.2%) had 1 or more visits with a dermatologist. Of all patients who visited a dermatologist, 48.5% received care via teledermatology. Among the patients newly enrolled in Medicaid, 75.7% (1474 of 1947) of those who visited a dermatologist received care via teledermatology. Primary care practices that engaged in teledermatology had a 63.8% increase in the fraction of patients visiting a dermatologist (vs 20.5% in other practices; P < .01). Compared with in-person dermatology, teledermatology served more patients younger vs older than 17 years (2600 of 4427 [58.7%] vs 1404 of 4187 [33.5%]), male patients (1849 of 4427 [41.8%] vs 1526 of 4187 [36.4%]), nonwhite patients (2779 of 4188 [66.4%] vs 1844 of 3478 [53.0%]), and individuals without comorbid conditions (1795 of 2464 [72.8%] vs 1978 of 3024 [65.4%]) (P < .001 for all comparisons). Conditions managed across settings varied; teledermatology physicians were more likely to care for viral skin lesions and acne (3405 of 7287 visits [46.7%]), whereas in-person dermatologists were more likely to care for psoriasis and skin neoplasms (10 062 of 27 347 visits [36.8%]).The offering of teledermatology appeared to improve access to dermatology care among Medicaid enrollees and played an especially important role for the newly enrolled.
Price Transparency
Authors: Kevin G. Volpp
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ATPS-01INHIBITION OF T-TYPE CALCIUM CHANNELS SENSITIZES GLIOBLASTOMA STEM CELLS TO CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: Ying Zhang, Nichola Cruickshanks, Julia Wulfkuhle, Isela Gallagher, David Schiff, Emanuel Petricoin, Lloyd Gray, Roger Abounader
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) have been implicated in tumor resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. T type calcium channels (Cav3.2) regulate cell cycle progression by mediating the necessary influx of calcium for transit past the G1/S cell cycle checkpoint. We hypothesized that treating GSCs and GSC-derived xenografts with the FDA-approved Cav3.2 channel blocker mibefradil would synchronize GSCs to enter the S phase, and consequently sensitize them to cytotoxic therapies. We demonstrated that Cav3.2 is highly expressed in the majority of human GBM specimens and all GCSs, compared to normal brain tissue or glioma cell lines, respectively. Mibefradil treatment inhibited GSC proliferation and induced cell death. Furthermore, mibefradil sensitized GSCs to temozolomide treatment (TMZ) and increased TMZ-induced cell death by 25-63% (p < 0.05) in vitro. To determine the effect of mibefradil on glioblastoma xenograft growth, we implanted GSCs in the brains of immunodeficient mice and treated the mice with mibefradil and/or TMZ and monitored tumor growth by MRI. We found that mibefradil increased TMZ-induced tumor growth inhibition by 60% (p < 0.05). Mibefradil also significantly improved the survival of TMZ-treated mice bearing GSC-derived xenografts. To further investigate the mechanism of action of mibefradil, we performed reverse phase protein arrays on GSCs treated with mibefradil. We found that mibefradil strongly regulated GSC apoptosis by regulating BCL2, PUMA and BAX expressions/activations as well as caspase cleavage. Mibefradil also altered proteins involved in autophagy and invasion including LC3, FAK and other. We are currently performing RNA-seq to determine the transcriptome wide changes that are induced by Cav3.2 inhibition. Altogether, the data provide mechanistic and functional rationales for the use of Cav3.2 inhibitors such as mibefradil as a new adjuvant therapy that enhances the efficacy of cytotoxic therapies in glioblastoma by targeting glioblastoma stem cells.
One year clinical outcomes of MISAGO2 the large multicentre study with Misago the new self-expanding nitinol peripheral stent: final results
Authors: Karl-Ludwig Schulte, Ivan Kralj, Frank Vermassen, Marc Sapoval, Ralf Langhoff, Stefan Mueller Huelsbeck, Jan H Peregrin, Michael Akesson, Thomas Zeller, Wolfgang Ritter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
OC-029 Non-invasive screening for colorectal adenomas using plasma micrornas
Authors: AM Verma, M Patel, MI Aslam, P Wurm, J Jameson, JH Pringle, B Singh
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In the UK BSCP, patients aged 60–75 are screened using biennial faecal occult blood testing (FOBt), FOBt+ patients undergo colonoscopy. At screening colonoscopy, yield for adenomas is 46.5%, adenocarcinomas in 6%.<sup>1</sup>Whilst effective, FOBt lacks high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy – half of screening colonoscopies are normal or reveal haemorrhoids/diverticular disease (DD).<sup>1</sup> One off sigmoidoscopy screening (“bowel scope”) is being introduced for patients aged 55 after a large trial showed 23% reduction in CRC incidence.<sup>2</sup> However, endoscopy based screening is invasive, resource intensive and can cause harm. Uptake of FOBt screening is &lt;60%.<sup>1</sup>Early reports suggest this is lower for bowel scope. A blood based biomarker screening test is appealing. <h3>Method</h3> We investigated microRNAs (miRs) – short non-coding RNA molecules as potential biomarkers. 181 FOBt+ patients undergoing BCSP colonoscopy and 29 patients undergoing planned polypectomy were recruited (blood samples taken pre-procedure). 210 patients – 128 male, 82 female. 117 with adenomas, 12 with CRC, 81 controls (normal or non-adenoma/adenocarcinoma). RNA was extracted from plasma and processed. Pooled groups of patients with adenomas and controls were analysed using array cards. MiRs 19a, 98, 146b, 186, 331–5p, 452 and 625 were identified as candidate biomarkers. Cases were analysed for candidate miRs using quantative polymerase chain reaction. <h3>Results</h3> Candidate miRs showed significant levels of expression in patients with adenomas compared to controls. MiRs 19a, 331–5p, 452 p = &lt; 0.05, miRs 98, 146b p = &lt; 0.01, miRs 186, 625 p = &lt; 0.001. Modelling of miR panels were performed, ROC curve analysis showed: Polyps (excl hyperplastic) in males, panel; miRs 98, 186, 452, sensitivity 0.600/specificity 0.872. Adenomas in males, panel; miRs 98, 186, 452, sens 0.606/spec 0.875 or sens 0.591/spec 0.900. Polyps (excl hyperplastic) in pts with DD/haemorrhoids, panel; miRs 186, 452, 331–5p, sens 0.600/spec 0.889 or sens 0.633/spec 0.867. Adenomas in pts with DD/haemorrhoids, panel; miRs 625, 452, 331–5p, sens 0.714/spec 0.864. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study suggest plasma microRNAs are potential screening biomarkers for male patients with colorectal polyps/adenomas and patients with adenomas and background DD/ haemorrhoids. Further study is needed to validate these exciting findings. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Lee TJW, Rutter MD, Blanks RG, <i>et al</i>. Colonoscopy quality measures: experience from the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme. Gut 2012;61:1050–1057 Atkin WS, Edwards R, Kralk-Hans I, <i>et al</i>. Once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening in prevention of colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2010;375:1624–1633
Giving patients rosuvastatin before surgery does not prevent complications, study finds
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Perioperative rosuvastatin does not prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation or perioperative myocardial damage in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery and is associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury, a large randomised study published in the New England Journal of Medicine has shown.1

Researchers randomly assigned 1922 adult patients in sinus rhythm who were scheduled to undergo elective cardiac surgery with either coronary artery bypass grafting or surgical aortic valve replacement, or both, to perioperative rosuvastatin (20 mg daily) or placebo. Patients …
PTU-050 Is current UK colonoscopy training fit for purpose? – results of the 2014 BSG training survey
Authors: G Chadwick, S Budihal
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> JAG was established in 1994 and placed emphasis on improving standards of endoscopy training, with formal certification of competence. Previous surveys of trainees have suggested that access to training is variable and has been diminished by the European Working Time Directive (EWTD) and general medicine commitments.<sup>1</sup> Since 2011, the process for certification in colonoscopy changed to a two stage sign off; provisional certification allowing independent practice providing a trainer is immediately available, and full sign off. The 2014 BSG training survey investigated access to endoscopy training, JAG certification and barriers to endoscopy training among UK trainees. <h3>Method</h3> Data was collated from the BSG Training survey, which was sent to all UK Gastroenterology higher specialist trainees (June–August 2014). This study investigated access to endoscopy lists, and JAG certification in colonoscopy by trainee grade. <h3>Results</h3> 32.6% (263/806) of UK trainees responded to the survey. Training grade distribution: 32% ST3/4, 41% ST5/6, 14% ST7/8, 13% other. Reported access to endoscopy training was limited with 47% of trainees reporting attending less than 2 endoscopy lists per week, and 39% of trainees currently in training posts have access to less than 1 training list per week. 55% of trainees report using annual leave and zero days to gain additional endoscopy training, a significant increase from 31% of trainees in the 2012 survey (P &lt; 0.001). Median numbers of colonoscopies performed at senior training grades are ST5–190, ST6–280, ST7–500. Only 45% of ST6 trainees achieved provisional certification and 21% full colonoscopy certification, with a third of ST7 trainees having not completed full colonoscopy certification by their final few months of training (Figure 1). Reported barriers to endoscopy training include GIM commitments and the impact of the EWTD. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Access to endoscopy training lists is inadequate, with 39% of trainees not having access to the minimum 1 training list per week recommended by JAG.<sup>2</sup>This has resulted in a significant numbers of trainees failing to progress from provisional to full JAG certification in colonoscopy by the end of training. Barriers to access to training need urgent investigation and action. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Neale JR, Basford PJ. General medical training in gastroenterology: views from specialist trainees on the challenges of dual accreditation. Clin Med. 2015;15(1):35–9 http://www.thejag.org.uk/Units/FAQs.aspx