tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ten-Year Risk of False Positive Screening Mammograms and Clinical Breast Examinations
Authors: Joann G. Elmore, Mary B. Barton, Victoria M. Moceri, Sarah Polk, Philip J. Arena, Suzanne W. Fletcher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

The cumulative risk of a false positive result from a breast-cancer screening test is unknown.We performed a 10-year retrospective cohort study of breast-cancer screening and diagnostic evaluations among 2400 women who were 40 to 69 years old at study entry. Mammograms or clinical breast examinations that were interpreted as indeterminate, aroused a suspicion of cancer, or prompted recommendations for additional workup in women in whom breast cancer was not diagnosed within the next year were considered to be false positive tests.A total of 9762 screening mammograms and 10,905 screening clinical breast examinations were performed, for a median of 4 mammograms and 5 clinical breast examinations per woman over the 10-year period. Of the women who were screened, 23.8 percent had at least one false positive mammogram, 13.4 percent had at least one false positive breast examination, and 31.7 percent had at least one false positive result for either test. The estimated cumulative risk of a false positive result was 49.1 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 40.3 to 64.1 percent) after 10 mammograms and 22.3 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 19.2 to 27.5 percent) after 10 clinical breast examinations. The false positive tests led to 870 outpatient appointments, 539 diagnostic mammograms, 186 ultrasound examinations, 188 biopsies, and 1 hospitalization. We estimate that among women who do not have breast cancer, 18.6 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 9.8 to 41.2 percent) will undergo a biopsy after 10 mammograms, and 6.2 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 3.7 to 11.2 percent) after 10 clinical breast examinations. For every 100 dollars spent for screening, an additional 33 dollars was spent to evaluate the false positive results.Over 10 years, one third of women screened had an abnormal test result that required additional evaluation, even though no breast cancer was present. Techniques are needed to decrease false positive results while maintaining high sensitivity. Physicians should educate women about the risk of a false positive result from a screening test for breast cancer.
Is there a place for the nasobiliary drain among stents for biliary drainage?
Authors: E. Ozaslan
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

I read with great interest the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Clinical Guideline by Dumonceau et al. [1], describing the indications, choice of stents, and results in biliary stenting. Surprisingly, they did not mention endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) as a choice among endoscopic measures. I think that, on the basis of a brief literature review, ENBD should find a place among the stents for biliary drainage.
Internal-Carotid-Artery Dissection and Cranial-Nerve Palsies
Authors: Elena Peltz, Martin Köhrmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

A 45-year-old woman presented to the emergency department 3 days after the acute onset of severe dysphagia, breathy dysphonia, and earache and pulsatile tinnitus in the left ear. Her medical history was unremarkable. Physical examination revealed leftward deviation of the protruded tongue that was consistent with a lesion in cranial nerve XII, hypernasal speech and rightward deviation of the soft palate on phonation that was consistent with lesions in cranial nerves IX and X, and a paralyzed left vocal cord detected on laryngoscopic examination that was consistent with a lesion in cranial nerve X (see video). Axial magnetic resonance images . . .
PMO-178 The significance of viral and serological markers in predicting liver disease severity in e-Ag negative hepatitis b virus infection
Authors: V K Audimoolam, I Carey, M Bruce, M Horner, S Abid, K Agarwal, P Harrison
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, seroconversion to HBeAg negative/eAb positive accompanied by low serum HBV-DNA (persistently ≤2000 IU/ml) and low quantitative HBsAg (qHBsAg) signifies transition to an inactive carrier (IC) state. However, in patients with raised serum HBV DNA differentiating those with inactive disease (ID) from eAg negative chronic HBV (eAg-CHB) currently relies on liver biopsy. This study investigated whether serological (qHBsAg) and virological markers (serum HBV DNA) can predict disease severity in patients with eAg negative HBV across a range of HBV genotypes. <h3>Methods</h3> Liver biopsy was performed in 364 consecutive eAg negative patients (median age 38 years, 212 males) who had HBV DNA &gt;1000 IU/ml on at least two clinic visits over 6–18 months. ALT [IU/l], qHBsAg [Abbott ARCHTECT®], HBV genotype [direct sequencing] and HBV DNA [real-time TaqMan PCR] were evaluated at the time of liver biopsy. <h3>Results</h3> Based on the liver histology findings, 217 had ID (an Ishak fibrosis score of F0-1) and 147 had eAg-CHB (≥F2). HBV genotype-E predominated (50%) followed by D (16%), A (15%), B (10%) and C (9%). Overall qHBsAg levels were higher in ID than eAg-CHB patients (median 3.84 vs 3.7 log<sub>10</sub> IU/ml; p=0.02). Assessment by individual genotype demonstrated that qHBsAg levels remained higher in ID than eAg-CHB in genotypes A and E (4.01 vs 3.73 and 3.95 vs 3.8 log<sub>10</sub> IU/ml; both p&lt;0.05). However, in genotype B qHBsAg levels correlated with the severity of fibrosis [2.81 in F0-1 vs 3.34 in F≥2; p&lt;0.01]. The qHBsAg levels were similar in ID and eAg-CHB in genotypes C and D. HBV genotype had no impact on the severity of liver fibrosis (p=0.16). Patients with eAg-CHB compared to those with ID had raised ALT [81% vs 65 %; p&lt;0.01], higher HBV DNA (3.99 vs 3.6 log<sub>10</sub> IU/ml; p&lt;0.01), older age (39 vs 36 years; p&lt;0.01) and more were males (68% vs 51%; p&lt;0.01). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In eAg negative patients with HBV DNA &gt;1000 IU/ml, the relationship between qHBsAg levels and liver fibrosis was genotype specific. Even allowing for HBV genotype, the absolute qHBsAg level was a poor discriminator of clinically significant liver fibrosis. <h3>Competing interests</h3> V Audimoolam: None declared, I Carey Grant/Research Support from: Gilead, M Bruce: None declared, M Horner: None declared, S Abid: None declared, K Agarwal: None declared, P Harrison: None declared.
NT-29 * UPREGULATION OF BETA-CATENIN IN PATIENT-DERIVED GLIOBLASTOMA XENOGRAFTS EXPRESSING EGFRvIII
Authors: C. Roberts, G. Chagoya, C. Nanni, M. Kwatra
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Amplification of the EGFR gene and subsequent overexpression of EGFR is seen in about 40% of glioblastomas. Over 50% of these glioblastomas with overexpressed EGFR also contain a variant of EGFR, known as EGFRvIII, which lacks amino acids 30-297 in its extracellular domain. Key features of EGFRvIII include a lack of binding to EGF and constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. Because EGFRvIII occurs in more than 20% of glioblastoma patients and is not present in normal brain cells, extensive efforts are being made to understand how EGFRvIII functions. Toward this goal, we recently characterized a panel of twenty patient-derived xenografts (PDGX) using a proteomics approach. This analysis revealed that seven out of the twenty PDGX expressed activated EGFR. Among those seven, three were EGFRvIII positive. A comparison of the proteomic profile of the four PDGX with activated EGFR that was not EGFRvIII with the proteomic profile of the three PDGX that expressed EGFRvIII revealed several differences. The most notable difference was the upregulation of beta-catenin. This discovery provides a novel target against EGFRvIII positive glioblastoma.
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Angioinvasion of the Great Vessels Shown on an I-131 Whole-Body Scan
Authors: C H Kao, G U Hung, S C Tsai
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine, China Medical College Hospital,* Taichung, Taichung Veterans General Hospital,‡ Taichung, and Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital,† Chunghua, Taiwan Received for publication December 11, 2000. Accepted January 20, 2001. Reprint requests: Chia-Hung Kao, Department of Nuclear Medicine, China Medical College Hospital, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan. E-mail: [email protected]
THU0201 The Influence of Body Mass Index on the Efficacy of TNF-Alpha Blocking Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: I. M. Visman, I. A. van den Oever, C. L. Krieckaert, G. Wolbink, M. T. Nurmohamed
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Adipose tissue is not inert, but has a not yet clearly understood immunomodulating effect and may adversely impact treatment response in patients receiving anti-TNF therapy<sup>1</sup>. <h3>Objectives</h3> To ascertain the impact of Body mass Index (BMI) on efficacy of anti-TNF therapy. <h3>Methods</h3> At the outpatient clinic in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 853 consecutive patients were included who started with TNF blocking therapy adalimumab (411) or etanercept (442). <h3>Results</h3> The average BMI was 26.0 (SD: 5.2, range 14-50). The baseline DAS was high at 4.9 (SD: 1.3). Mean age was 54 years (SD: 13) and 682 (80%) were female. Median follow-up was 2.1 years (IQR 0.7-4.4 years), 2337 patient years total. Nearly half (407, 48%) of patients were of healthy weight according to the WHO criteria (BMI 18.5-25), 257 (30%) of the patients were overweight, and another 168 (20%) were obese (BMI of 25-30, and &gt;30 respectively). Few patients (21, 2%) were underweight (BMI&lt;18.5). Overall, the patients with healthy weight responded best to TNF treatment, followed by overweight and the underweight groups. The group who performed worst was the obese group (see Figure 1). After one year the overweight group had a significantly higher mean DAS28 than the normal weight group (3.0 (1.3) vs. 2.6 (1.2), p=0.005), and the obese group did significantly worse than either (3.4 (1.4), p=0.000 (vs. normal) and 0.026 (vs. overweight)). The DAS 28 at one year of the underweight group did not differ significantly from any other weight group. In regression analysis baseline BMI had a significant effect on the DAS28 at 52 weeks (B=0.054, 95% CI: 0.033-0.075, p=0.000), even corrected for baseline DAS (B 0.036, CI: 0.0018-0.055, p=0.000). <h3>Image/graph</h3> <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our findings support the hypothesis that adipose tissue may be involved in RA pathophysiology. This is important as it may have implications not only for RA, but also for other immune-mediated inflammatory conditions treated with TNF alpha blocking therapy. <h3>References</h3> Gremese E, Carletto A, Padovan M, Atzeni F, Raffeiner B, Giardina AR, Favalli EG, Erre GL, Gorla R, Galeazzi M, Foti R, Cantini F, Salvarani C, Olivieri I, Lapadula G, Ferraccioli G. Obesity and reduction of the response rate to anti-tumor necrosis factor α in rheumatoid arthritis: An approach to a personalized medicine. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013 Jan;65(1):94-100. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Role of endoscopic ultrasound in the evaluation of postsphincterotomy extrahepatic biliary dysorders in cholecystectomized patients
Authors: D Dajèman, M Skalicky, P Skok, C Pernat, D Æeraniæ, D Urlep, M Pocajt
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Introduction: Postsphincterotomy problems in cholecystectomized patients include a heterogenous group of diseases, usually manifested by abdominal pain, jaudice or other symptoms following endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and gallblader removal. These patients are in endoscopic unit first assessed by transabdominal ultrasound (TUS), followed by endoscopic cholangiography (ERC). Less invasive and cost-effective diagnostic alternatives with similar capabilities are endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).
1140 THYROID DYSFUNCTION INDUCED BY PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B (PEG-2B)/RIBAVIRIN (RBV) IS A FAVORABLE PREDICTOR OF SVR IN DIFFICULT-TO-TREAT PATIENTS WITH HCV GENOTYPE 1 (G1) INFECTION
Authors: S. Mauss, D. Hüppe, E. Zehnter, M.P. Manns, G. Teuber, T. Dahhan, U. Meyer, T. Witthoft, B. Moller, N. Dikopoulos, J. Brack, B. Stade, M. Bilzer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Spontaneous Cyclic Leukocytosis and Thrombocytosis in Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia
Authors: Helen Vodopick, Elizabeth M. Rupp, Lowell Edwards, Francis A. Goswitz, John J. Beauchamp
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Abstract Spontaneous cyclic fluctuations for both the granulocyte and platelet counts in two patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia were observed over periods of 10 and 14 months. In each pati...
Effects of Altered Thyroid States on Mammary Tumor Growth and Pituitary Gland unction in Rats2
Authors: William T. Cave, John T. Dunn, Robert M. MacLeod
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Effects of Altered Thyroid States on Mammary Tumor Growth and Pituitary Gland unction in Rats Get access William T. Cave, Jr., William T. Cave, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John T. Dunn, John T. Dunn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert M. MacLeod Robert M. MacLeod Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 59, Issue 3, September 1977, Pages 993–999, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/59.3.993 Published: 01 September 1977 Article history Received: 08 February 1977 Accepted: 19 April 1977 Published: 01 September 1977
British public wants more money for NHS
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Eight in 10 people in Britain put health as the first or second priority for additional government spending. This compares with six in 10 in 1983.

The finding comes from British Social Attitudes, 14th Report: the End of Conservative Values? and is based on 3500 interviews with a representative sample, carried out in the spring of 1996. While dissatisfaction with the way that the NHS is run dropped briefly immediately …
Esophageal Cancer Detected by Tl-201 Chest SPECT
Authors: SHUNG-SHUNG SUN, CHIH-SHIUM SHIH, NAN-YUNG HSU, FENG-JU CHUANG, CHIA-HUNG KAO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

SUN, SHUNG-SHUNG M.D.; SHIH, CHIH-SHIUM M.D.; HSU, NAN-YUNG M.D.; CHUANG, FENG-JU M.D.; KAO, CHIA-HUNG M.D. Author Information
Transient False-Positive Hepatobiliary Scan Associated With Ceftriaxone Therapy
Authors: M Lorberboym, M Machado, N Glajchen, D Pertsemlidis
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Drug related false-positive hepatobiliary imaging is uncommon. The authors present a case of a 54-year-old woman who was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone for bacterial meningitis. Symptoms of acute cholecystitis subsequently developed and a sonogram revealed a gallstone. A Tc-99m DISIDA hepatobiliary study was positive for cystic duct obstruction. After discontinuation of ceftriaxone, the patient's clinical condition improved and, 2 weeks later, a repeat hepatobiliary scan was normal. High doses of ceftriaxone and prolonged administration may lead to formation of pseudocholelithiasis and signs of acute cholecystitis. Although this condition is usually benign and reversible, discontinuation of the drug is warranted when symptoms of acute cholecystitis are accompanied by a positive hepatobiliary scan.
Abstract 2969: Localization and characterization of ST7 in cancer
Authors: Nurdina Charong, Pimpicha Patmasiriwat, Jean Claude Zenklusen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract ST7 has been proposed as a tumor suppressor gene at the chromosome region 7q31.1-q31.2. In order to gain some insight into its role in cancer, localization and verification of ST7 expression levels were performed. Various types of ST7 expression vectors tagged with sequences of GFP, YFP or V5 were created using gateway cloning system and full length ST7 cDNA isolated from a human adult brain cDNA library. Cytosolic ST7 expression in HCT-116, MCF-7 and PC-3 cell lines was detected via the fluorescence signal of the fusion proteins. ST7 translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus has not been observed in any of the conditions assayed. A cell cycle synchronization study demonstrated that both ST7 and SERPINE1 were over expressed when cells were arrested. Expression of these genes was found to be substantially diminished when the cells re-entered cell division status. In addition, we also found that Survivin, MMP13, and CyclinD1 were differentially expressed during cell cycle. Our findings suggest that ST7 mediates tumor suppression through regulation of the genes involved in maintaining cellular structure of the cell and involved in oncogenic pathways. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2969.
Unique Contraction Pattern in Patients After Coronary Bypass Graft Surgery by Gated SPECT Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Juanita H Yun, Matthew Block, Elias H Botvinick
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

Although left ventricular systolic function seems to be accurately represented on gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging, specific patterns of wall motion (WM) and thickening after coronary bypass graft surgery (CABG), demonstrated by other imaging methods, have not been characterized for gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging.Gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging was studied in 30 consecutive patients after CABG (group 1) and 40 non-CABG patients-30 with normal stress perfusion studies (group 2) and 10 with known previous anterior wall infarction (group 3). Two expert readers evaluated epicardial and endocardial systolic WM. Regional WM and the thickening percentage were obtained using CEQUAL 20 segment bull's eye analysis and compiled into regional values.Qualitatively, the post-CABG patients had hypokinetic septum, a hyperdynamic lateral wall, and preservation of anterior WM. In 25 of 30 (83.3%) patients, an anterior systolic epicardial "swing" was evident and was different from the inward endocardial and epicardial motion seen in groups 2 and 3. Septal WM was decreased in group 1 compared with group 2 (2.9 vs. 6.0 mm, < 0.001), with no significant difference in septal thickening. This was not different from the reduced septal motion seen in group 3 (4.1 mm), which was accompanied by both reduced thickening and abnormalities of anterior WM. Lateral WM was increased in group 1 compared with group 2 (9.9 vs. 8.2, < 0.001), with no significant difference in lateral wall thickening (34.6% vs. 39%).There is a characteristic contraction pattern on gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging in post-CABG patients distinguished by apparent septal hypokinesis with preservation of septal wall thickening, apparent increase in endocardial lateral WM, and an anterior epicardial "swing," different from the contraction pattern seen in normal patients and those with previous anterior wall infarction. The related perfusion pattern aids in evaluation of the mechanism of these findings.
The Effect of Reducing the Use of High Risk Antibiotics on the Rate of Clostridium difficile in a General Hospital.C Bradley, S Brown, A Foden, D Allison, C Aldridge, J Sloss, L Lim, D Nayar.County Durham and Darlington Foundation Trust, UK
Authors: Caroline Bradley, Stuart Brown, Alwyn Foden, David Allison, Catherine Aldridge, John Sloss, Ling Lim, Deepa Nayar
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)
Nor-Epinephrine in the Treatment of Acute Meningococcemia with Shock (Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome) and an Evaluation of Adrenocortical Function
Authors: Henry S. M. Uhl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

BEFORE the advent of the sulfonamides, recovery from the Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome was rare.1 Thereafter, isolated case reports described successful treatment of this fulminating infection, and by 1948 Brand2 reviewed 25 cases with recovery and added 1 of his own. When penicillin and the sulfonamides were combined, the results in all types of meningococcal infections improved greatly3 4 5 6 7 8 9; however, many patients with the Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome continued to die in shock, despite the liberal use of antibiotic and chemotherapeutic agents. Vigorous adrenal substitution therapy, including parenteral administration of epinephrine, has been advocated by Thorn and his associates,10 and recently there have been . . .
Abstract 4730: Exploring the nature of prostate cancer SNP associations: Results from the NCI Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3)
Authors: Sara Lindstrom, Peter Kraft
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Genome-wide association studies have identified more than 35 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with prostate cancer risk. In order to characterize the associations by disease aggressiveness (stage and tumor grade) and to investigate gene-environment and gene-gene interactions that might increase our understanding of prostate cancer etiology, we genotyped 29 SNPs in 9,067 prostate cancer cases and 9,188 controls from the NCI Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). We confirmed prostate cancer associations for all SNPs (P-values ranging from 0.03 to 10−26) and found no evidence that the SNPs are differentially associated with aggressive and non-aggressive disease. We further tested each SNP for effect modification by age and family history. One SNP, rs6983267, showed a significant non-multiplicative interaction with age (P=7.3[[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8729;]]10−5) where a stronger risk association was observed in younger men. We observed no interaction between SNPs and family history. The prospective nature of cohorts allowed us to explore possible gene-environment interactions with environmental factors such as smoking, alcohol and BMI that have been inconsistently related to prostate cancer, and we hypothesized that hidden gene-environment interactions might explain previous weak associations. We observed no interaction between the SNPs and these factors. In addition, we found no evidence of SNP-SNP interactions (epistasis). Our findings for established prostate cancer SNPs did not differ across prostate cancer clinical subtypes, and we observed no significant gene-environment interactions. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4730.