tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of brodalumab in patients with generalized pustular psoriasis and psoriatic erythroderma: results from a 52-week, open-label study
Authors: K. Yamasaki, H. Nakagawa, Y. Kubo, K. Ootaki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

A T‐helper (Th) cell subset Th17 preferentially produces interleukin (IL)‐17 and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. However, the pathological roles of IL‐17 cascades in generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) and psoriatic erythroderma (PsE) have not been well established. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of brodalumab, a human immunoglobulin G2 monoclonal antibody against human IL‐17‐receptor A (IL‐17RA), in Japanese patients with GPP and PsE. This was an open‐label, multicentre, long‐term phase III study in Japanese patients with rare and severe types of psoriasis. Patients received brodalumab 140 mg at day 1 and weeks 1 and 2, and then every 2 weeks until week 52. The primary endpoint was the Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI). Safety evaluations included treatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs) and changes in laboratory parameters. A total of 12 patients with GPP and 18 with PsE were enrolled. Ten patients with GPP and 16 with PsE completed the study. At week 52 (last observation carried forward), CGI remission or improvement was achieved in 11 patients with GPP and 18 with PsE. The most commonly reported AE was nasopharyngitis (33·3%). Five serious AEs occurred during the study. However, none was considered treatment‐related. Brodalumab significantly improved the symptoms of patients with GPP and PsE throughout the 52 weeks, and demonstrated favourable safety profiles without any new safety signals. Inhibition of IL‐17RA‐mediated signalling by brodalumab is expected to be a promising new treatment option for patients with GPP and PsE.
Studies on the Hamster-Brain Passage Virus Recovered From Human Lymphoma Cultures
Authors: Stewart, Sarah E., Glazer, Devera, Ben, Theresa, Lloyd, Bolivar J.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

Journal Article Studies on the Hamster-Brain Passage Virus Recovered From Human Lymphoma Cultures Get access Sarah E. Stewart, Sarah E. Stewart National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Devera Glazer, Devera Glazer National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Theresa Ben, Theresa Ben National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bolivar J. Lloyd, Jr. Bolivar J. Lloyd, Jr. National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 40, Issue 2, February 1968, Pages 423–428, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/40.2.423 Published: 01 February 1968 Article history Received: 10 October 1967 Accepted: 03 November 1967 Published: 01 February 1968
Prophylaxis against Disseminated<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>Complex with Weekly Azithromycin, Daily Rifabutin, or Both
Authors: Diane V. Havlir, Michael P. Dubé, Fred R. Sattler, Donald N. Forthal, Carol A. Kemper, Michael W. Dunne, David M. Parenti, James P. Lavelle, A. Clinton White, Mallory D. Witt, Samuel A. Bozzette, J. Allen McCutchan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Azithromycin is active in treating Mycobacterium avium complex disease, but it has not been evaluated as primary prophylaxis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Because the drug is concentrated in macrophages and has a long half-life in tissue, there is a rationale for once-weekly dosing.
Nephrolithiasis during Pregnancy
Authors: Fredric L. Coe, Joan H. Parks, Marshall D. Lindheimer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

WOMEN who form renal stones may be concerned about the possible prejudicial effect of their disease upon pregnancy. Unfortunately, reports concerning renal stones in pregnancy are few in number.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Many present a guarded prognosis, and a recent review11 alludes to the potential hazards of stone passage, infection, radiography and urologic instrumentation or surgical procedures during pregnancy. All reports emphasize the problems of surgical and obstetric management. One author2 stated that renal calculi are the most common cause of nonobstetric abdominal pain severe enough to hospitalize a pregnant woman. He also found that 86 of 352 women hospitalized for urolithiasis during . . .
Disordered Control of Thirst in Hypothalamic-Pituitary Sarcoidosis
Authors: Charles A. Stuart, Francis A. Neelon, Harold E. Lebovitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

We evaluated water metabolism in 11 patients with hypothalamic-pituitary sarcoidosis. Seven patients had abnormal water metabolism: one had partial antidiuretic hormone (ADH) deficiency, one had severe ADH deficiency, one had severe ADH deficiency and deficient thirst, one had only deficient thirst, and three had excessive thirst. In four of the five with thirst disturbances, there was loss of congruence of osmotic thresholds for thirst and ADH release. Five of our patients presented with polyuria and polydipsia, but only two had true diabetes insipidus, whereas three had organic primary polydipsia with adequate endogenous ADH. That disordered thirst resulting in polydipsia was more common than true diabetes insipidus is at odds with previously held views on the prevalence of ADH deficiency in this condition.
Enterocolitis Due to Phage Type 54 Staphylococci Resistant to Kanamycin, Neomycin, Paromomycin and Chloramphenicol
Authors: Sydney M. Finegold, Donald W. Gaylor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

NEOMYCIN has been used for many years. Parenteral administration has been limited because of marked toxicity. The drug has been given by mouth not only for bowel "sterilization" but also for hepatic coma and for various intestinal infections.1 2 3 4 5 6 More recently, kanamycin7 8 9 10 11 12 13 and paromomycin14 15 16 have been used orally for similar purposes. Although kanamycin given parenterally has definite toxicity, it has been used much more than neomycin parenterally. Paromomycin for oral administration has been made available commercially quite recently.Side effects are generally minimal with either kanamycin, neomycin or paromomycin given by mouth. In most cases only a mild to moderate diarrhea . . .
Case 35-1995
Authors: S.N. Kales, E.J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Presentation of CaseA 55-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of increasing dyspnea and abnormal radiographs of the chest.The patient had been well until three years earlier, when he began to have gradually worsening exertional dyspnea. Thirteen weeks before entry, at the time of a total hip replacement, routine radiographs of the chest (Figure 1) showed diffuse, bilateral pulmonary nodules, 3 mm in size, which in retrospect had been present but fewer in number on x-ray films obtained nine months earlier. The hilar regions were enlarged and dense, suggesting the development of lymphadenopathy; the heart size was . . .
Rat and Mouse Forestomach Tumors Induced by Chronic Oral Administration of Styrene Oxide&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: W Lijinsky
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Styrene oxide (CAS: 96-09-3) was administered in corn oil by gavage three times a week at two dose levels to groups of 52 male and 52 female F344 rats and 52 male and 52 female B6C3F1 mice for 2 years, after which the surviving animals were killed and examined histopathologically. The doses given to rats were 550 and 275 mg/kg (body wt) per treatment; in mice the two doses were 750 and 375 mg/kg (body wt) per treatment. The main pathologic findings were high incidences of squamous cell carcinomas or papillomas of the forestomach in both sexes of both rats and mice. These neoplasms were virtually absent from the 52 controls of either sex of both species given parallel treatment with corn oil alone. There was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of hepatocellular neoplasms in male mice receiving 375 mg styrene oxide/kg. Styrene oxide is carcinogenic to both sexes of F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice when administered orally in corn oil.
Chromosomes and Causation of Human Cancer and Leukemia. XX. Banding Patterns of Primary Tumors 2
Authors: Shin-ichi Sonta, Mitsuo Oshimura, James T. Evans, Avery A. Sandberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Banding techniques were used in the study of the chromosomes of primary tumors from 16 patients with various types of cancer. The initial analysis with conventional Giemsa staining revealed chromosome abnormalities in 13 of the 16 tumors. Eleven of these 13 tumors and 2 of the 3 with normal karyotypes were reexamined with Q-, G-, and C-banding techniques: The 2 tumors with conventionally stained normal karyotypes were found to have no abnormalities. Nine of the tumors were characterized by numerical changes only and 4 by both numerical and structural abnormalities. In 11 tumors, excessive chromosomes, identified with banding techniques, were usually found in the following groups (number of tumors involved is shown in parentheses): #5 (5), #8 (6), #11 (5), #13 (5), and #21 (5). The primary tumors examined had hyperdiploid modes; only 4 of these tumors contained marker chromosomes, as opposed to the high frequency of markers in metastatic cancer cells and the presence, usually, of high ploidy (near-triploidy or near-tetraploidy). The data suggested that the karyotypic changes in primary cancers consist primarily of numerical changes (hyperploidy), rather infrequent appearance of marker chromosomes, and, when present, only 1 or 2 markers.
Use of Pipradrol in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Robert W. Kistner, Christopher J. Duncan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

EXTENSIVE clinical investigation utilizing pipradrol (alpha-[2-piperidyl] benzhydrol hydrochloride), a new Central-nervous-system stimulant, was begun by Fabing1 and others in February, 1953. Early in the course of study, the drug was used in the treatment of reactive depressions, narcolepsy, blepharospasm and spasmodic torticollis, and in these disorders it was shown to be more effective therapeutically than the amphetamines. In a group of over 100 patients with reactive depression, results of treatment were impressive. The side effects of the amphetamines, such as diminution in appetite and disturbances of nocturnal sleep, occurred not at all or rarely after administration of pipradrol. There was . . .
Contribution of S. Ramon y Cajal to the Knowledge of the Anatomy of the Cerebral Cortex
Authors: J. LeRoy Conel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

A CENTURY after the birthday of Cajal,1 it is fitting to recall his words when he received an honorary degree from Clark University in 1899:This honorary distinction, as well as the invitation which Clark University condescended to make me to take part in the conferences for solemnizing the tenth anniversary of its foundation, shows once more that men of science know no frontiers, and that they form a universal family, whose solidarity and fellow-feeling place them high above the wrangle of material interests and selfish struggles of nationalities. ... I trust that the creation of Clark University may give . . .
Case 9-1976
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Robert C. Moellering, Karl H. Proppe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Presentation of CaseA 56-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of hypotension.She was well until three and half years earlier, when hypertension was found and was treated with hydrochlorothiazide. Twenty-six months before admission a diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia was made, and chlorambucil and allopurinol were instituted. During the six weeks before admission she received chlorambucil in a dose of 2 mg daily; the white-cell count ranged between 8000 and 11,000, and the platelets appeared adequate on stained specimens of the blood film. One week before entry, during June, she began to have pain in the left . . .
Decreased Susceptibility of<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>to Fluoroquinolones in Canada
Authors: Danny K. Chen, Allison McGeer, Joyce C. de Azavedo, Donald E. Low
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Fluoroquinolones are now recommended for the treatment of respiratory tract infections due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, particularly when the isolates are resistant to β-lactam antibiotics. Although pneumococci with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones have been identified, their prevalence has not been determined in a defined population.
Spontaneous Decrease in Portal Pressure with Clinical Improvement in Cirrhosis
Authors: T. B. Reynolds, H. M. Geller, O. T. Kuzma, A. G. Redeker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THERE is much to be learned regarding the natural history of portal hypertension in cirrhosis. This is a natural consequence of the lack of a technic for direct measurement of portal pressure and the relative difficulty of documenting the presence of esophageal varices. Increased reliance on surgical portal decompression for the control of esophageal hemorrhage focuses attention on the need for knowledge regarding spontaneous fluctuations in portal pressure that may be correlated with progression or improvement in the cirrhotic process.The possibility that portal hypertension, once developed, will decrease spontaneously has been suggested by reports of reduction in size or . . .
Modified gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC): A single-institution experience.
Authors: Kavya Krishna, Marlo A. Blazer, Lai Wei, Daniel H. Ahn, Christina Sing-Ying Wu, Kristen Keon Ciombor, Sameh Mikhail, Anne M. Noonan, Richard M. Goldberg, Tanios S. Bekaii-Saab
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

366 Background: The combination of gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel (GA) in first line treatment (tx) of MPC has a modest survival advantage over gemcitabine (gem) alone, but adds significant toxicities (tox) and increased cost. Based on data suggesting that biweekly administration (adm) of gem-based combinations preserves efficacy and improves tox profile, our institution adopted a modified regimen of GA (mGA). Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of patients (pts) with pancreatic cancer treated with gem (1000 mg/m2) and nab-paclitaxel (125 mg/m2) on days 1 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. Survival curves were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method, with alive pts censored at time of last follow-up. Cost of tx includes cost of drugs, adm, and tox. Results: Of total 69 pts treated with mGA for MPC, locally advanced, or borderline resectable disease, 63 pts were evaluable for tox (table 1). A total of 49 pts (47 evaluable for response) received mGA for previously untreated MPC, with median progression free survival of 4.8 months(mo) (95% CI 2.6,7.4) and overall survival of 11.1 mo (95% CI 5.3,not reached). Overall, 27% of pts experienced neurotoxicity with rate of grade 3 tox of &lt; 2%, and 8% required growth factors (GF). Average cost savings was $5500/pt/month with mGA compared to standard GA, excluding GF cost which was lower with mGA. Conclusions: A less intense regimen of GA maintains efficacy while significantly improving tox profile and cost in pts with MPC. [Table: see text]
Review: Mechanical and manual CPR do not differ for survival or neurologic outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Peter Wyer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Source Citation Bonnes JL, Brouwer MA, Navarese EP, et al. Manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation versus CPR including a mechanical chest compression device in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a comprehensive meta-analysis from randomized and observational studies. Ann Emerg Med. 2015 Nov 19. [Epub ahead of print] 26607332
High reduction of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with HER2-negative recurrent or metastatic breast cancer treated with eribulin as third-line therapy: ONSITE trial (OncoSur Analysis of the Treatment in Third Line of ABC with Eribulin)
Authors: L. Manso, F. Moreno, J.I. Delgado, M.J. Echarri, A. López, Y. Izarzugaza, P. Borrega, N. Martínez, C. Olier, H. Cortes-Funes
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Hypochloraemia is strongly and independently associated with mortality in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Jeffrey M. Testani, Jennifer S. Hanberg, Juan Pablo Arroyo, Meredith A. Brisco, Jozine M. ter Maaten, F. Perry Wilson, Lavanya Bellumkonda, Daniel Jacoby, W.H. Wilson Tang, Chirag R. Parikh
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2016)
Diagnostic Clues in the Wolff–Parkinson–White Syndrome
Authors: Louis Wolff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

A RECENT review of experience with the syndrome of short PR interval and abnormal ventricular complex occurring in otherwise healthy persons prone to paroxysmal tachycardia disclosed that a third of the cases were incorrectly diagnosed by the physicians who first saw them.1 This situation still prevails, as judged by the cases described below. The serious consequences of incorrect diagnosis are clearly demonstrated by these cases, all first seen within a period of a few months in 1957. The purpose of this report is to call attention to these errors, and to indicate how they may be avoided.Case ReportsCase . . .
Feasibility and acute toxicities of outpatient ifosfamide infusions in children and adolescents with cancer
Authors: C. R. Macedo, P. K. Nogueira, V. C. Ginani, R. V. Gouveia, A. S. Petrilli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

9055 Background: Ifosfamide (IFO) is very effective and widely used in pediatric oncology protocols. Patients are usually admitted to receive IFO infusions due to potential urological and neurological complications. The current study was conducted to assess the feasibility of outpatient IFO infusions in children and adolescents with cancer, the compliance of the patients and their parents, and the acute toxicities in this setting. Methods: All patients with newly diagnosed solid tumors included in protocols with at least three cycles of IFO/mesna were eligible for this study. IFO was administered I.V. over one hour. Doses varied according to the underlying malignancy and protocol from 2.5–3.0g/m 2 /day × 3 days to 2.7g/m 2 /day × 5 days. Three doses of mesna were administered intravenously in the outpatient clinic at 75% of the IFO dose divided on hours 0, 3 and 6 and a fourth dose of mesna was given as oral tablets at home 12 hours after IFO. Hydration was 2L/m 2 I.V. over 5 hours in the hospital, followed by another 1L/m 2 P.O. at home. Kidney function was assessed before, during, and after treatment through glomerular filtration rate; sodium, magnesium, calcium, uric acid renal excretions; urinary phosphate threshold and retinol-binding protein. Results: From November 2003 to August 2005, 30 patients received a total of 160 IFO cycles. Compliance was 100%. The incidence of grades 3 and 4 toxicities in all IFO cycles was: gastrointestinal 15%, leucopenia 92%, neutropenia 88%, thrombocytopenia 29%, hepatotoxicity 3%, and genitourinary 7%. No patient had gross hematuria, neurotoxicity or had to be admitted for chemotherapy. One third of the patients developed subclinical tubular nephropathy. Conclusions: Ambulatory infusion of IFO is safe and toxicities are comparable to the expected with inpatient administration. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Ammonia Intoxication Treated by Hemodialysis
Authors: John E. Kiley, Joseph C. Pender, Harold F. Welch, C. Stuart Welch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

A FEW years ago, an increased concentration of ammonia in the blood was clearly demonstrated in many cases of hepatic coma.1 2 3 This demonstration stimulated us to investigate whether ammonia present in the blood could be removed by a Kolff type of artificial kidney and, if so, what the consequences of its removal might be. In 1955 we reported that ammonia was removed by an artificial kidney with a dialysance varying from 50 to 80 ml. per minute when blood flow was 100 ml. per minute and membrane area was 12,000 square cm.4 We now wish to report the application of . . .
Perforated Peptic Ulcer: A Study of the Indications for Nonsurgical Treatment in Selected Cases
Authors: Robert H. Vaughan, Richard Warren
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

SINCE 1892 to 1895,1 , 2 when the first reports of successful suture of perforated peptic ulcer were published, the mortality rate in the surgical therapy of this condition has steadily decreased, as is shown in Table 1, which is a chronologic list of the mortality rates in a series of representative cases reported since 1894. This improvement in the prognosis for patients with perforated peptic ulcer is the result, in large measure, of better operative technic, better anesthesia, a clearer knowledge of fluid balance and of blood replacement and the use of the antibiotics and chemotherapy. Despite this record of improvement there . . .
Abstract 3313: Smoking Abolishes Ischemic Preconditioning-Induced Augmentation of Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation: Role of Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide and Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Authors: Yukihito Higashi, Masashi Kimura, Chikara Goto, Daisuke Jitsuiki, Kenji Nishioka, Takashi Umemura, Kensuke Noma, Kazuaki Chayama, Masao Yoshizumi
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Several studies have shown that both early and late effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) protect against myocardial injury following ischemic reperfusion. Recently, we have shown that repetition of IPC stimulus augments endothelium-dependent vasodilation in forearm circulation of healthy subjects through increases in nitric oxide (NO) production and number of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) under a local condition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the late effects of IPC on endothelial function in smokers. Methods and Results: Late phase of IPC was induced by upper limb ischemia (cuff inflation of over 200 mmHg for 5 minutes) six times a day for one month. We evaluated forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) before and after IPC stimulus in 15 male smokers (27±7 yr) and 15 male non-smokers (26±5 yr). FBF was measured using a strain-gauge plethysmography. The IPC stimulus significantly increased plasma concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from 84.7±10.6 to 120.3±13.5 pg/mL (P&lt;0.05), circulating level of EPCs from 1258±198 to 1608±183 cells/mL (P&lt;0.05) and FBF responses to ACh from 17.3±4.9 to 24.8±6.9 mL/min/100 mL tissue (P&lt;0.05) in non-smokers, but these did not change in the smoker group. The FBF responses to SNP were similar before and after the IPC stimulus. Infusion of N G -monomethyl-L-arginine, a NO synthase inhibitor, completely eliminated the IPC stimulus-induced augmentation of FBF responses to ACh in non-smokers. Conclusions: These findings suggest that repetition of IPC stimulus may be a simple, safe, and feasible therapeutic technique for endothelial protection of peripheral vessels. However, smoking abolishes repetition of IPC stimulus-induced augmentation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation.