tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A memorable patient: Useless again
Authors: D. Murphy
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The next patient on the post-take ward round was a “straightforward” overdose. The senior house officer reported that the 21 year old girl was now well but had been having to look after her 91 year old grandmother. The ward sister confirmed that the girl was the “principal carer.”

She looked, despite her age, like a child. She was obese, had pale, child-like skin with a flushed red face, and she was clutching a soft toy. Yes, she wanted to die. Then, quite spontaneously, she volunteered that her dad had died young of mesothelioma and that I had looked after him. Her manner implied unspoken gratitude for care given to a loving parent. She told me that she now lived away from home because she and her mum had blazing rows. Her general practitioner had wanted to help and had sent her to a psychiatrist. Unfortunately, the senior house officer who saw her made her feel even more useless than before.

We arranged for her to see our psychiatric liaison nurse. Then, as we left, she reached across and held out her hand to shake mine. As we walked back down the ward, I asked the ward sister if the mother had been in touch. Yes, she had been and had asked what the problem was. When she heard it was an overdose, the mother had commented, “There she goes. Once again, she has let her grandmother down.”
Transient, "paradoxical" effects of increasing extracellular K+ concentration on transmembrane potential in canine cardiac purkinje fibers. Role of the na+ pump and k+ conductance.
Authors: S Ito, B Surawicz
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

The "paradoxical" Zwaardemaker-Libbrecht effect is a transient arrest of pacemaker fibers following change from low K + to normal extracellular K + concentration ([K+l,,).We have shown previously that this arrest is associated with shortening of action potential (AP) duration.In this study we found transient hyperpolarization which was greater than the maximum hyperpolarization during superfusion with low K + solution (extrahyperpolarization).The maximum diastolic potential (MDP) in low K + solution ([K + ] o = 0.54 m.M/liter) was 101.5 ± 53 mV.It increased by 3.8 ± 1.4 mV after change to Tyrode's solution ([K + ] o = 5.4 mM/liter) and by 6.9 ± 1.9 mV after change to high K + ([K + ] o = 10.8 mM/liter) solution.These MDP values exceed the calculated K + equilibrium potential.Ouabain (10~6 M) delayed and abbreviated the arrest after change from low K + to control Tyrode's solution and significantly reduced the extrahyperpolarization.Intracellular loading with 20 m. M tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) prevented arrest and extrahyperpolarization.We also have shown that in TEA-loaded fibers in low K + solution, the low K + conductance contributes to the appearance of slow channel-dependent automaticity and that increases in [K + ] o can produce an abrupt transition from slow channel-dependent to rapid channel-dependent automaticity.Our present study demonstrates that several K + -dependenl membrane properties, i.e., diastolic depolarization, AP duration, and MDP, are influenced by the rate of change in [K + ] o and that the nonsteady state effects in these membrane properties are caused by changes in passive membrane conductance and changes in the activity of the Na + pump.
EVALUACIÓN DE USO DE PROCINÉTICO PARA MEJORAR RENDIMIENTO DE CÁPSULA ENDOSCÓPICA
Authors: J García Lledó, Ó Nogales Rincón, B Merino Rodríguez, C González Asanza, P Menchén Fernández-Pacheco
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Introducción: Uno de los problemas que puede limitar el estudio de intestino delgado mediante cápsula endoscópica (CAEN) es la retención gástrica de la misma. En la literatura la tasa de fracaso en alcanzar ciego es aproximadamente 20%, siendo el retraso en el vaciamiento gástrico la causa más frecuente.
Ticagrelor — Is There Need for a New Player in the Antiplatelet-Therapy Field?
Authors: Albert Schömig
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The thienopyridine clopidogrel, which irreversibly blocks the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor P2Y12 on platelets, has become an essential component of therapy in patients with acute coronary syndromes, because it significantly improves the outcomes.1 However, clopidogrel has at least three drawbacks: delayed onset of action, large interindividual variability in platelet response, and irreversibility of its inhibitory effect on platelets (Figure 1). The two-step activation process, involving a series of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isoenzymes, is susceptible to the interference of genetic polymorphisms2 and drug–drug interactions.3 Patients with a poor response to clopidogrel have an increased risk of coronary thrombosis.4 The increased risk . . .
Endoscopic resection of an adenocarcinoma occurring in ectopic gastric mucosa within the proximal esophagus
Authors: Oliver Möschler, Michael Vieth, Michael Müller
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

An 83-year-old man underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in an outpatient center because of symptoms of reflux. At endoscopy a slightly elevated type-IIa lesion was detected in the upper esophagus at 18 cm from the incisors ([Fig. 1 a, b]). An adenocarcinoma of the esophagus was diagnosed by biopsies from the lesion, and the patient was referred to our endoscopy unit for further treatment.
Abstract ADV20: For constructing an open society to cancer recognition.
Authors: Naomi Sakurai
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Our mission: Getting a better understanding of cancer survivorship in Japan. Our vision: Constructing an open society to cancer recognition. HOPE Project started as a campaign of survivorship in Japan. We target cancer survivors including child cancer their and families. We have approximately 100 members. Cancer patients face three kinds of problems; physical, emotional and social situations. In Japan, cancer survivors have to go through many misunderstandings and prejudices. HOPE Project focuses on these issues and problems cancer survivors face that are difficult to solve in Japan. Citation Format: Naomi Sakurai. For constructing an open society to cancer recognition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr ADV20. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-ADV20
Enormous Bilateral Adrenal Uptake of F-18 FDG Caused by Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: Ingo Brink, Britta Schneider, Stefan Hoegerle
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

From the Division of Nuclear Medicine* and Department of Radiology,† University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany Received for publication July 17, 2001. Revision accepted February 13, 2002. Correspondence: Ingo Brink, Division of Nuclear Medicine, PET Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract 2403: Characterization of p53 in transgenic mouse prostate carcinogenesis models
Authors: Colleen K. Spees, Jennifer M. Thomas-Ahner, Hseuh-Li Tan, Jun-Ge Yu, Justin B. Smolinski, Pavlo L. Kovalenko, James C. Fleet, Steven K. Clinton
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Well characterized rodent models of prostate carcinogenesis are critical for the preclinical evaluation of dietary and chemopreventative interventions. p53 signaling is a target for genetic dysregulation in transgenic murine models of prostate cancer. We have examined p53 expression by immunohistochemistry, temporally and spatially in the prostate, as a potential biomarker of efficacy for chemopreventive interventions. Methods: p53 immunohistochemical staining in wild type mice and two murine models (TRAMP and Rbf/TgAPT121) of prostate carcinogenesis was evaluated. Prostates from male TRAMP (up to 28 wks) and Rbf/TgAPT121 mice (up to 32 wks) were histopathologically evaluated. Normal epithelium, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and adenocarcinoma was evaluated by p53 (CM5) staining, proliferation index (Ki67) and apoptotic index (ApopTag). Digital image analysis was employed to assist in quantification of biomarkers. Results: p53 nuclear staining is rare in wild type mouse prostate epithelium. In TRAMP, p53 accumulation is first seen in the nuclei of young mice in areas of hyperprasia and low grade PIN (11%), with greater staining as carcinogenesis progresses through invasive cancers (59%). In the Rbf/TgAPT121 model, a less aggressive model, the PIN can be further subclassified and the percentage of p53 stained epithelial cells in the PIN lesions increases with advanced grade (PIN I: 3%; PIN II: 9%; PIN III: 17%; PIN IV: 30%). p53 staining also correlates with the apoptotic index in the PIN lesions (PIN I: 7%; PIN II: 9%; PIN III: 12%; PIN IV: 13%). Androgen dependency of p53 staining was demonstrated in TRAMP mice, as castration attenuates and repletion of testosterone restores the p53 nuclear staining. p53 staining is predominately located in the basal layer of the glandular epithelium and similar indices were observed in the dorsal and lateral lobes of the prostate. Conclusions: p53 nuclear staining in TRAMP and Rbf/TgAPT121 models of prostate carcinogenesis increases as a function of lesion grade and stage. The early expression of p53 in murine prostate carcinogenesis is in parallel with other biomarkers of progression, such as proliferation and apoptotic index. p53 staining may serve as an early indicator of effective chemopreventive agent intervention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2403. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2403
AB0239 The evaluation of rheumatoid synovitis of atlantoaxial joint using fdg-pet/ct
Authors: K. Okamura, Y. Yonemoto, T. Kaneko, T. Kobayashi, C. Okura, K. Takagishi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> FDG-PET can detect subclinical arthritis in the cervical vertebrae of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <h3>Objectives</h3> In this study, we evaluated the grade of the synovitis in the atlantoaxial (AA) joint of RA patients using FDG-PET/CT, and measured its relationships with FDG uptake of other joints, the disease activity of RA, and laboratory findings. <h3>Methods</h3> The institutional review board of the hospital approved the protocol for this study, and informed consent was obtained from each patient. Twenty three RA patients (6 men, 17 women, age 62.0±10.4 years old, disease duration 15.0±11.3 year) were included in this study. The FDG uptake into the AA joint, and the shoulders, elbows, wrists, hips, knees and ankle joints, were calculated using maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) for half-quantitative determination. The total of SUVmax of other joints except for AA joint was set to total SUV. The functional Xp of cervical spine was performed, and the existence and the grade of atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) were checked. Clinical assessments, including the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum concentrations of CRP, and serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), were performed. The activity of inflammation was evaluated using both the disease activity score (DAS) 28, simplified disease activity index (SDAI) and clinical disease activity index (CDAI). <h3>Results</h3> The clinical data of all patients were as bellow, AA joint SUV; 2.26±1.04, total SUV; 26.3±9.9, DAS28; 5.11±1.23, SDAI; 23.1±15.4, and CDAI; 21.5±14.7. The AAS were detected in 3 RA patients, the ADI was 3 to 11 mm. AA joint SUV correlated with the age (r=0.554, p=0.006), total SUV (r=0.791, p&lt;0.001), and AAS (r=0.448, p=0.032), respectively. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study suggested that FDG-PET could objectively evaluate the synovial inflammation of the atlantoaxial joints of RA patients. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
COMPARISON OF OUTCOMES OF BILATERAL INTERNAL MAMMARY ARTERY BYPASS AND SINGLE INTERNAL MAMMARY ARTERY BYPASS: ANALYSIS OF 149,619 PROCEDURES
Authors: Sagar Mallikethi Lepakshi Reddy, Alexandros Briasoulis, Shaun Cardozo, Anupama Kottam, Luis Afonso, Cindy Grines
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
The Development of A Diet-Focused Allergy History Tool
Authors: Isabel J. Skypala, Carina Venter, Louiza Damianidi, Nicolette De Jong, Adam T. Fox, Marion E. Groetch, Rosan Meyer, Hanneke Oude Elberink, Aline Sprikkelman, Berber Vlieg-Boerstra
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Abstract 445: Has k-Ras predictive influence on the kind of metastasis in patients with colon carcinoma
Authors: Claudius Falch, Jens Strohäker, Claus Hann-von-Weyhern, Patrick Adam, Alfred Königsrainer, Falko Fend, Björn LDM Brücher
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: The k-Ras-protein shows in regard to its mutations status a predicitvity of the response after Cetuximab in patients with colon carcinoma. To our knowledge, not much is known, if k-RAS has also a predictivity in regard to different ways of metastasis. The goal of our investigations was the evaluation of k-Ras on primary non-metastatic colon cancer compared to lymphatic, hepatic and peritoneal metastasis. Methods: 98 patients with adenocarcinom of the colon and a postoperative pT2/3-status, who underwent surgical resection between 2006 and 2008 at the University of Tübingen had been included within the study collective. 53 patients had no metastasis (control group), while 45 patients revealed primary metastasis: lymphatic metastasis (n=20), hepatic spread (n=20) and multiple metastasize (n=5). After DNA-extraction, an amplification by ARMS-PCR was performed and the analysis of the mutation status was done by melting point analysis by Light-Cycler. Additionally sequencing of Exons 12 and 13 was performed in individual cases. Results: 29/98 (=30%) revealed a k-Ras-mutation. Out of these, 12 (=41%) had metastasis: 9 hepatic (=75%), 2 lymphatic (=17%) and 1 (=8%) multiple metastasis. Patients with k-Ras-mutation (n=29) showed a significant lower rate of lymphatic metastasis. (90% vs. 10%, p=0.031). The survival in accordance to the k-Ras mutation was not statistically significant (p=0.415). Conclusion: Patients with mutated k-Ras-gene in out patient population revealed no significant higher rate of metastasis (p=0.558), nor in regard to hepatic (p=0.090) or multiple locations (p=0.629). Our preliminary data assume, that the k-Ras mutation status has a predictive function on the rate of lymphatic metastasis in patients suffering from colon carcinoma (p=0.031). Follow-up-studies are demanded, if single mutations status might have an additional influence. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 445. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-445
Is there a role for endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy in pancreatic cancer?
Authors: Shantel Hébert-Magee
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has transformed the practice of diagnosing pancreatic adenocarcinoma by displacing surgical biopsy, and thus has resulted in lower cost, technical ease, and decreased morbidity [1]. However, there is now an increased demand for more precise "tumor-specific" diagnoses, as the treatment paradigm is shifting to a more personalized approach. This, in turn, has led to the need for better tissue fragments for cancer biomarker testing and grading. The two major limiting factors encountered in EUS-FNA are the quality and quantity of the tissue obtained. These limitations have prompted investigation into the use of larger-caliber needles, which have led to the analysis of fine-needle biopsy (FNB) as a workable alternative.
PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION FROM FEMORAL APPROACH BY RADIAL EXPERTS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES: A META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
Authors: Rahman Shah, Sajjad Khan, Jonathan Gardner, Inyong Hwang, John A. Leah, Rohan Goswami, Kodangudi Ramanathan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Management of Chronic Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: Robert O. Bonow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Major advances in the recognition, evaluation, and surgical treatment of valvular heart disease during the past two decades have yielded striking improvements in quality of life and long-term survival for patients with this disorder. These advances are exemplified by the transformation of the treatment of patients with chronic aortic regurgitation, once considered an enigmatic and insidious disease.Patients with aortic regurgitation often remain asymptomatic for many years, even decades, despite severe left ventricular volume overload. By the time symptoms of angina or dyspnea occur, however, many have irreversible left ventricular dysfunction. Hence, if the onset of symptoms is used as . . .
BIOMARKER MODEL FOR CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Neil Beri, Paul Clopton, Lori Daniels, Christopher DeFilippi, Christian Mueller, Allan Jaffe, W. Frank Peacock, Inderjit Anand, Alexander Limkakeng, James McCord, Donald Schreiber, Alan Wu, Fred Apple, Judd Hollander, Deborah Diercks, John Nagurney, Chad Cannon, Sean-Xavier Neath, Robert Christenson, Richard Nowak, Christopher Hogan, Gary Vilke, Alan Maisel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
PTU-145 How Commonly Is Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Diagnosed Following An Endoscopy That Does Not Report Cancer (an Analysis Of 11 Years Of National Data In England)?
Authors: D Cheung, F Evison, P Patel, N Trudgill
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) is the investigation of choice for excluding upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGIC). However, published studies suggest 14% of UGIC subjects had an OGD that failed to diagnose cancer in the 3 years prior to diagnosis (post gastroscopy UGIC (PGUGIC)). We have investigated the rate and risk factors for PGUGIC in a national data set in England. <h3>Methods</h3> Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) collate information on all NHS hospital attendances in England. Subjects undergoing OGD without an UGIC diagnosis 6–36 months before subsequent diagnosis were identified as PGUGIC cases (definitely missed – OGD without UGIC diagnosis 6–12 months prior to UGIC diagnosis; probably missed – OGD without UGIC diagnosis 12–36 months prior to UGIC diagnosis) and subjects with no OGD 6–36 months before diagnosis served as controls. The influence of personal and institutional variables on PGUGIC were examined by multivariate logistic regression. <h3>Results</h3> HES records from 2001–2012 were analysed including 5826932 OGD in 4163023 subjects. 132075 subjects were diagnosed with UGIC. 5659 (4.3%) definitely missed PGUGIC cases and 8518 (6.4%) probably missed PGUGIC cases were found. Gastritis/duodenitis (2512 subjects, 17.7%) and gastric ulcer (2117 subjects, 15.0%) were the most common coded findings in PGUGIC cases. Emergency OGD was negatively associated with PGUGIC compared with day case OGD (OR 0.70 (95% CI 0.67–0.73), p &lt; 0.001). Female gender (1.19 (1.1–1.2), p &lt; 0.001), South Asian (1.32 (1.2–1.6), p &lt; 0.001) and Afro-Caribbean (1.26 (1.1–1.5), p &lt; 0.001) ethnicity and comorbidities (liver disease (3.05, (2.3–4.1), p &lt; 0.001), severe liver disease (3.01 (2.1–4.2), p &lt; 0.001), peptic ulcer (1.98 (1.9–2.1), p &lt; 0.001), pulmonary disease (1.17 (1.1–1.3), p &lt; 0.001)) were associated with PGUGIC. Subjects with PGUGIC were less likely to undergo surgery (0.76 (0.7–0.8), p &lt; 0.001) or chemotherapy (0.49 (0.47–0.51), p &lt; 0.001) than controls, however, this did not affect overall survival, which was similar to controls. There was a fourfold variation in PGUGIC rates between units. Unit volume did not affect the rate of PGUGIC (lowest tertile volume compared with highest tertile 0.97 (0.9–1.1), p = 0.5). The annual rate of PGUGIC did not change over the study period. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The rate of PGUGIC up to 3 year prior to UGIC diagnosis was 10.7% in England between 2001 and 2012. PGUGIC was associated with an elective procedure, female gender, ethnicity and comorbidities. PGUGIC subjects were less likely to have surgery or chemotherapy, although there was no effect on overall survival. There were large variations in PGUGIC rates between units but no evidence of a volume effect. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Abstract 875: Marked <i>in vivo</i> efficacy of combined BCLXL and MEK inhibition in KRAS mutant cancers revealed by a pooled shRNA-drug screen for genes that are “synthetically lethal” with MEK inhibitors
Authors: Ryan B. Corcoran, Katherine A. Cheng, Kwok-Kin Wong, Jeffrey A. Engelman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Although KRAS is the most commonly mutated oncogene in human cancer, no effective therapies exist for KRAS mutant cancers. Attempts to target KRAS directly or to target single effector pathways downstream of KRAS have met limited success. Previously, our laboratory and others showed that simultaneous targeting of more than one KRAS effector pathway, specifically the MEK-ERK and PI3K-AKT pathways, can cause dramatic responses in KRAS-driven genetically-engineered mouse tumor models. These findings support the promise of targeted therapy combinations for KRAS mutant cancers and have led to clinical trials evaluating combined PI3K/MEK inhibition. We evaluated the efficacy of combined PI3K/MEK inhibition in a panel of 30 KRAS mutant cell lines. Roughly half of all cell lines showed limited sensitivity to this combination, suggesting that combined PI3K/MEK inhibition may only be effective in a subset of KRAS mutant cancers and underscoring the need for additional combination therapy strategies. To develop new targeted therapy combinations for KRAS mutant cancers, we designed a pooled shRNA-drug screen strategy aimed at rapidly identifying genes that, when inhibited, synergize with MEK inhibitors to decrease the viability of KRAS mutant cancer cells. Using this approach, we identified the anti-apoptotic protein BCLXL as a potential target for combination therapy with MEK inhibitors. When tested in vitro against a panel of 30 KRAS mutant cell lines, simultaneous pharmacologic inhibition of BCLXL (using the BH3 mimetic ABT-263) and MEK led to pronounced apoptosis and reduced viability in most cell lines, including many cell lines that were insensitive to combined PI3K/MEK inhibition. In vivo, the combination of ABT-263 and a MEK inhibitor led to marked tumor regressions in KRAS mutant xenograft models and to dramatic and sustained tumor regressions (&amp;gt;70% reduction in tumor size) in a KRAS-driven genetically-engineered mouse model of lung cancer. These findings suggest that combined inhibition of BCLXL and MEK is a promising targeted therapy combination for potential evaluation in clinical trials for patients with KRAS mutant cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 875. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-875
Hemoclip retained for more than 2 years
Authors: S. Olmez, E. Ozaslan, U. Avcioglu
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

The use of hemostatic clips in interventional endoscopic procedures is a common practice by endoscopists worldwide. We present here a case of clips at the cardioesophageal junction being retained for more than 2 years (27 months).