tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomized comparison of two doses of the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody MK-3475 for ipilimumab-refractory (IPI-R) and IPI-naive (IPI-N) melanoma (MEL).
Authors: Omid Hamid, Caroline Robert, Antoni Ribas, Jedd D. Wolchok, F. Stephen Hodi, Richard Kefford, Anthony M. Joshua, Wen-Jen Hwu, Tara C. Gangadhar, Amita Patnaik, Peter Hersey, Jeffrey S. Weber, Richard Wayne Joseph, Kevin Gergich, Xiaoyun (Nicole) Li, Patrick Chun, Scot Ebbinghaus, Soonmo Peter Kang, Adil Daud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

3000 Background: MK-3475 has shown durable antitumor activity in MEL across multiple doses and schedules. We compared the efficacy and safety of 2 MK-3475 doses in MEL patients (pts). Methods: In separate cohorts, IPI-N and IPI-R pts were randomized 1:1 to MK-3475 2 or 10 mg/kg every 3 wk (2 Q3W or 10 Q3W). IPI-N pts received ≤2 prior systemic therapies. IPI-R pts had any number of prior therapies and unequivocal or confirmed PD per immune-related response criteria (irRC) after ≥2 IPI doses; all BRAF-mutant pts were previously treated with BRAF inhibitors. Primary endpoint was ORR assessed by RECIST 1.1 every 12 wk by independent central review. Investigator-assessed response by irRC was also obtained. Results: A total of 276 pts were randomized (103 IPI-N [2 Q3W, n = 51; 10 Q3W, n = 52] and 173 IPI-R [2 Q3W, n = 89; 10 Q3W, n = 84]. In both cohorts, treatment arms were well balanced for known prognostic factors. As of the 10/18/2013 cutoff, all IPI-N and 47% of IPI-T pts had ≥9 mo of follow-up. Among evaluable pts, no significant differences in ORR by RECIST were observed between doses in IPI-N (33% vs 40%) or IPI-R (26% vs 26%) pts. By RECIST, response duration ranged from 6+ wk to 39+ wk in both cohorts (median not reached), with ~90% of responses ongoing. PFS by RECIST was similar between doses. The safety profile was generally similar between pts treated with 2 Q3W and 10 Q3W. There were no drug-related deaths. Conclusions: MK-3475 2 mg/kg Q3W and 10 mg/kg Q3W provided similar efficacy and safety in both IPI-N pts and IPI-R pts. Treatment was well tolerated with acceptable toxicity profile. The high ORR provided by MK-3475 comes with long durability in both IPI-N and IPI-R MEL. Clinical trial information: NCT01295827. RECIST 1.1 irRC 2 Q3W 10 Q3W 2-sided P 2 Q3W 10 Q3W 2-sided P IPI-N ORR, % (95% CI) 33 (20-49) 40 (26-56) .4835 39 (26-54) 40 (27-55) .9040 Response duration, wk, range 7+ – 36+ 6+ – 39+ — 12+ – 42+ 10+ – 39+ — Median PFS, wk(95% CI) 27 (12-NR) 23 (12-48) — 36 (13-NR) 26 (12-NR) — 24-wk PFS, % 51 48 — 60 50 — IPI-R ORR, % (95% CI) 26 (17-37) 26 (17-38) .9558 27 (18-37) 32 (22-43) .4568 Response duration, wk, range 6+ – 37+ 8+ – 37+ — 12+ – 42+ 4+ – 37+ — Median PFS, wk (95% CI) 22 (12-36) 14 (12-24) — 31 (22-48) 35 (24-NR) — 24-wk PFS, % 45 37 — 57 57 —
AB0993 Musculoskeletal Ultrasound as Complementary Tool in Assessing and Monitoring Children with Reactive Arthirits (REA) – Single Center Experience
Authors: M. Vidovic, M. Perica, L. Lamot, L. Bukovac, M. Harjacek
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Musculoskeletal symptoms in children are one of the most frequent presented in primary care and certain number of patients are referred to pediatric rheumatologist as having reactive arthritis.Reactive arthritis (ReA) is an autoimmune condition that develops in response to an infection in other part of the body but time is needed for final diagnosis. Although clinical examination is first and foremost, musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) is emerging as a powerful tool for detecting subclinical synovial pathology helping physician to diagnose, treat and monitor the patient with greater certainty. It is a non-invasive method, quickly accessible bedside, does not require sedation and should be combined with clinical examination in pediatric rheumatology. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the role of MSUS in combination with clinical exam in monitoring children referred to single pediatric rheumatology center as reactive arthritis <h3>Methods</h3> The charts of 88 children referred to Department of Rheumatology at Chlidren9s Hospital Srebrnjak, Zagreb, Croatia with reactive arthritis diagnosis (ReA) by their primary physician over period of 3 years were analyzed and clinical findings were compared with MSUS together with patient outcome. <h3>Results</h3> Over the period from 2012-2014 88 children were referred to our Department as reactive arthritis by their primary physician. 64 patients had clinical symptoms such as swelling, limping and limited range of motions. All were evaluated by experienced pediatric rheumatologists. In 62 (70.45%) patients at least one MSUS was performed, 43/62 (69.35%) had further MSUS controls. In 17/88 (19.31%) patients eventually juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) was diagnosed and all of them were monitored by MSUS at all visits. In 26 patients with ReA MSUS was performed at follow up visits and only 2 had persistent pathological MSUS findings (OMERACT synovial hypertrophy grade 1, Power Doppler 1/3) at their last check-up. In 54/64 (84.37%) patients with clinical symptoms MSUS was preformed, 17/54 (31.48%) were eventually diagnosed with JIA, 2/54 (3.7%) with other diseases and 35/54 (64.81%) with ReA. ReA patients had between 1-3 MSUS (mean 1.72). Patients who were diagnosed as JIA were monitored between 1-9 months prior to diagnosis (mean 5.05 months). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The importance of clinical competence in ensuring that patients with articular symptoms are diagnosed and treated early is evident. MSUS has been proven to detected synovitis in earlier stage than clinical examination thus becoming a complementary tool in routine pediatric rheumatology practice. Even though evidence in favor of this is accumulating further investigations on larger cohort are needed. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Web query-based surveillance in Sweden during the influenza A(H1N1)2009 pandemic, April 2009 to February 2010
Authors: A Hulth, G Rydevik
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

At the Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, statistical models based on queries submitted to a Swedish medical website are used as a complement to the regular influenza surveillance. The models have previously been shown to perform well for seasonal influenza. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the performance of the statistical models in the context of the influenza A(H1N1)2009 pandemic, a period when many factors, for example the media, could have influenced people's search behaviour on the Internet and consequently the performance of the models. Our evaluation indicates consistent good reliability for the statistical models also during the pandemic. When compared to Google Flu Trends for Sweden, they were at least equivalent in terms of estimating the influenza activity, and even seemed to be more precise in estimating the peak incidence of the influenza pandemic.
Asthma trends in Switzerland: the Swiss Sentinel Surveillance Network, 1988-1996
Authors: U Bollag, J Cloetta, J Oberreich, W J Paget
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1999)

The setting up of the Swiss Sentinel Surveillance Network (SSSN) in 1986 has provided an excellent opportunity to study the distribution and determinants of asthma. The system provides morbidity data, which are representative of family practices in primar
Cancer-Associated Mutations in SF3B1 Exhibit Neomorphic Splicing Activity and Block Erythroid Differentiation
Authors: Silvia Buonamici, Samantha Perino, Kian Huat Lim, Jacob Feala, Esther A. Obeng, Michelle Aicher, Daniel Aird, Suzanna Bailey, Anna Berkenblit, Betty Chan, Corcoran Erik, Laura Corson, Rachel Darman, Peter Fekkes, Richard R. Furman, Gregg F Keaney, Pavan Kumar, Kaiko Kunii, Linda Lee, Crystal Mackenzie, Eunice Park, Xiaoling Puyang, Anand Selvaraj, Michael Thomas, John Wang, Markus Warmuth, Lihua Yu, Ping Zhu, Yoshiharu Mizui, Benjamin L. Ebert, Peter G Smith
Journal: Blood (2014)
SAT0357 Tuberculosis and Biologics: Real World Experience from High Tuberculosis Prevalence Area
Authors: M.K. Nisar, A. Rafiq, A.J. Ostor
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Biologic agents have led to a sea change in the management of inflammatory arthritis however higher risk of opportunistic infections particularly tuberculosis (TB) is well recognised. This has led to the development of TB screening guidelines. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of latent TB in patients prescribed biologic therapy in a TB endemic area (prevalence 50/100,000) and to assess the risk of subsequent reactivation. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective case note review of all patients with inflammatory arthritis ever prescribed biologic therapy between 1998 and 2014 at our centre. <h3>Results</h3> 299 patients (109 men: 190 women) who have had biologic therapy over sixteen years were included. Mean age upon commencing the biologic was 51 years. 203 (68%) participants had rheumatoid arthritits, 30 (10%) psoriatic arthritis, 48 (16%) axial spondyloarthropathy and 18 (6%) juvenile idiopathic arthritis. 218 (73%) patients were Caucasian, 59 (20%) Asian, 15 (5%) Afro-Caribbean and the remaining 7 were mixed race. 239 (80%) prescriptions were issued for TNF inhibitors (98 for etanercept and remaining for monoclonal antibodies). 33 patients had rituximab, 17 had tocilizumab and 3 were initiated on abatacept. Seven had stopped TNF inhibitors. Median duration of biologic therapy was 4.2 years for those who remained on treatment prior to stopping or switching therapies. Prior to the implementation of TB screening in the unit in 2007, 112 patients underwent clinical assessment, chest x-ray and check for BCG scar. One patient of Asian origin developed extra-pulmonary TB within six weeks of adalimumab initiation. Following a year of antiTB treatment, he restarted the biologic therapy with no ill effect. 187 participants underwent additional interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) testing as part of new protocol (T Spot test). 18 (10%) had positive test with normal chest xrays. Six patients were white, 9 of Asian origin and 3 others. Three Caucasian patients had borderline result. All had 3 months of isoniazid and rifampicin with simultaneous prescription of biologic agent (13 had TNF antagonist, 5 rituximab and 3 tocilizumab). No cases of active TB infection were observed. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Prevalence of latent TB in patients with inflammatory arthritis prescribed biologic therapy in an endemic area is 10%. The risk is independent of ethnicity and warrants careful screen and monitoring in all patients. Adherence to strict screening protocol reduces the risk of active TB infection irrespective of the biologic therapy employed. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
PTH-114 Usefulness of pre-treatment serum CA19-9 concentration in prediction of prognosis for patients with intrahepatic bile duct tumours
Authors: NG Ladep, U Aujla, L Dwyer, O Noorullah, S Hood, N Stern, R Sturgess
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Serum concentration of Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) has been related to survival of patients with Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). We evaluated the cut-off value of serum CA19–9 to define predictive management strategies in patients with CCA. <h3>Method</h3> Three hundred and forty-one (341) Patients were retrospectively reviewed at a regional hepatobiliary centre in Liverpool, UK. The hospital integrated database was used to extract clinical and laboratory data. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of serum concentration of CA19–9 by location of tumour and type of treatment offered were assessed. The cut-off value of CA19–9 providing optimal prognosis was used to evaluate differences in survival of the patients using Kaplan-Meier survival log-rank test. <h3>Results</h3> One hundred and sixty-four (48%) patients had valid pre-treatment CA19–9 measurements. Among treatment groups; biliary stent was placed in 67(41%); surgical resection in 43 (26.2%); chemotherapy in 36 (22.0%); while 18 (11%) had supportive care. For site of lesion, ROC for CA19–9 was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.62–0.84; sensitivity: 80.9%; specificity: 60.0%, p = 0.0002). For prognosis of intrahepatic disease and ROC for hilar lesions was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.51–0.71; sensitivity: 90.2%; specificity: 36.1%, p = 0.05). By treatment modality, surgical resection showed significant relationship with pre-treatment CA19–9 value (ROC: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60–0.87). Serum concentration of &gt;34 IU/ml was defined as the cut-off predictive of prognosis for those who had surgical resection (sensitivity: 76.9% and specificity: 73.3%, p = 0.001). The median survival of patients who had surgical resection with serum CA19–9 &gt;34 IU/ml was 18 months whereas for those with a value ≤34 IU/ml, 5 year survival was 80%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Serum CA19–9 concentration is a useful predictor of prognosis in patients with intrahepatic lesions as well as those undergoing resection for IHBD tumours. Validation of this cut-off value requires further studies. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
PWE-297 Improving compliance and outcomes of an enhanced recovery program (erp) within colorectal surgery – completing the cycle
Authors: CF Thomas, P Coyne, T Collins, S Holtham, G Odair
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> ERP has revolutionised the post-operative care of patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. Our trust employed a dedicated nurse specialist to interact with ward and medical staff to ensure a pre-designed pathway was followed and problems flagged early to senior support. Achieving compliance targets in a clinical environment is challenging, however our 2013 data showed how successful an ERP can be. <h3>Method</h3> A prospective database was originally analysed from January 2012– October 2013 during which a dedicated nurse specialist was introduced. This continued throughout 2014. <h3>Results</h3> In 2012–3 there was 245 patients with a median age of 63 years; in comparison to 106 patients with a median age of 60 years (range 24–91) in 2014. 99% of patients received correct bowel preparation, in comparison to 96% of patients previously. 61% of patients received enemas; reduced from 2013 where 86% of patients received enema prep. Most commonly performed procedure was a right hemicolectomy for malignancy, with 10% for rectal cancer. 70% of surgery was laparoscopic with 12% open; only 4.7% were created to open in comparison to 2013 where 65% were completed laparoscopically. 71% of patients underwent PCA this year; 1% greater than 2013; our current standard; with 17% receiving oral analgesia with PCA analgesia remaining the current standard in our hospital. Median length reduced from 7 days (2013) to 4 days (2014). Overall complication rate was low with 4% of patients having wound infections compared to 7% in 2013. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The introduction of dedicated nurse specialists to care for all ERP patients can lead to high rates of compliance and appropriate management of colorectal patients. Improvements continue with time and lead to further reductions in length of stay and further cost benefits. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Ireland: state pays maximum of £6400 a year
Authors: Muiris Houston
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Long term care for elderly people who are incapacitated is provided in several different ways in Ireland.

If a 74 year old woman had a stroke, for example, and required nursing home care, several options are available. She could be placed in the long stay ward of a geriatric hospital, in a welfare home, or in a district (cottage) hospital. Maintenance charges are payable. The maximum weekly rate is the patient's weekly income less an amount determined by the health board. If the person has a spouse living at home, these charges are based on not more than 40% of their combined income.

Alternatively, a bed in a private nursing home may be sought. The health boards may pay a subvention towards the cost of a nursing home if the person is unable to pay part of the maintenance cost. The current maximum subvention is €190.50 (£123; $185) a week.

In assessing means for this subvention, all sources of income and savings are included. Before 1998 the means of children were considered, but the regulations were then amended to exclude this contentious clause.

There is still a tradition of the extended family providing care for elderly people. This burden falls almost exclusively on women. According to Professor Davis Coakley, professor of geriatric medicine at Trinity College Dublin, nine out of 10 women in a caring role give on average 50 hours a week to the task.
Choline-Oxidase Activity of L4946 Leukemic Cells of Mice
Authors: Bernard Shacter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1957)

Journal Article Choline-Oxidase Activity of L4946 Leukemic Cells of Mice Get access Bernard Shacter Bernard Shacter National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 18, Issue 2, February 1957, Pages 261–267, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/18.2.261 Published: 01 February 1957 Article history Received: 25 September 1956 Published: 01 February 1957
An unusual transmission event of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W135 type 2a in a healthcare setting, England, 2012
Authors: R Puleston, C Beck, M Tahir, M Bardhan, P Charlemagne, C Alves, S Ladhani, C Watson, M Ramsay, E Kaczmarksi, R Borrow, S Gray, D Hadlington, M Weinbren, D Bhattacharjee, N Inglis
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

We report an outbreak of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W135, associated with a transient transmission event between asymptomatic individuals in a healthcare setting. Two elderly persons subsequently developed invasive meningococcal disease. The duration and type of close contact for those directly involved in the probable transmission incident would not have warranted chemoprophylaxis according to current guidelines. Meningococcal infection in older persons usually presents with pneumonia rather than meningitis or septicaemia with purpura.
Diseases of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Oliver Cope
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

HyperthyroidismA revolution in the treatment of hyperthyroidism has taken place during the past ten years. In the eighteen years prior to 1941 the treatment of hyperthyroidism had become the province of the surgeon. Today hyperthyroidism can be treated successfully by any one of three therapies, two medical and one surgical. The initiation in 1941 of radioactive-iodine therapy has raised the radiation treatment of this disease from a sporadically successful to a predictable therapy. The introduction of the thiouracil compounds in 1943 has provided a second medical therapy; many consider it as efficacious as radioactive-iodine treatment. Its use in preoperative . . .
Implicit messages concerning menstruation in commercial educational materials prepared for young adolescent girls
Authors: L Whisnant, E Brett, L Zegans
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

Interviews with young girls aged 9 to 18 revealed that commercial educational materials are an important source of information about menstruation. Although these materials are valuable educational supplements, they do not provide a complete, accurate, and realistic description of menarcheal changes and emphasize good hygiene rather than dealing with the young girl's emotional needs and anxieties. The authors stress the need for more research into the physiological, cognitive, and psychological changes during puberty and the obligation of parents, schools, and other social institutions to provide more comprehensive information to the maturing girl about the essential issues of pubertal development.
THU0335 Prevalence of Arthritis Increases with Obesity and Low Socioeconomic Status: Extrapolated Data from a 10-Year United States National Survey
Authors: B. Mehta, K. Michaud, Q. Shi, P. Efthimiou
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in the United States. Beyond its significant effect on morbidity and quality of life, it has become a major public health issue. Arthritis poses a growing burden on the health care system and the USA economy. <h3>Objectives</h3> To estimate the prevalence of arthritis amongst different demographic groups in the US population over a 10 year period. <h3>Methods</h3> We collected data from NHANES (National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey) from 2001-2010 for the study. NHANES is a survey research program conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). We calculated the prevalence of arthritis by analyzing the subjects9 response to the survey question: "Doctor ever said you had arthritis?". Sample weights were incorporated into the estimation process. In total, 25,290 survey participants aged &gt; or =20 years (non-pregnant) were included in the study. We used the national census data from 2010 to estimate the population affected by the percentages derived from the survey.(Table attached) <h3>Results</h3> Over the 10-year surveyed period, 24.4% of the US adult population reported physician-diagnosed arthritis, which would amount to, approximately, 57 million affected Americans. Over the five cycles (10 years), arthritis prevalence did not change by more than 5%. Almost half of the surveyed population above the age of 60 reported to be diagnosed with arthritis. Importantly, 25% of 40-60 year olds are suffering from arthritis, with women (28.6%) affected more than men (20%). Arthritis was most commonly seen in non - Hispanic white population (27.3%) and its prevalence increased with higher BMIs, even doubling in obese subjects with BMI&gt;40 (38.9%), when compared to normal weight adults with BMI &lt;25 (18%). Patients with lower socio economic status (defined by the poverty scales of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) had a higher prevalence of arthritis (26.1%) as compared to patients of a higher socio-economic status (22%) (Table below). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The study provides a USA national estimate of arthritis (57 million) among adults and emphasizes the important link between poverty and the obesity epidemic with the growing public health threat of arthritis, even in younger age. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared