tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Overview: toward a dysregulation hypothesis of depression
Authors: L J Siever, K L Davis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

The authors suggest that the activity of neurotransmitter systems in the affective disorders and related psychiatric syndromes may be better understood as a reflection of a relative failure in their regulation, rather than as simple increases or decreases in their activity. A model organized around the concept of "dysregulation" posits that persistent impairment in one or more neurotransmitter homeostatic regulatory mechanisms confers a trait vulnerability to unstable or erratic neurotransmitter output. Evidence from clinical and animal model studies for dysregulation of the noradrenergic system in depression is examined with respect to criteria generated by such a general model, and a specific configuration of noradrenergic dysregulation in some forms of depression is proposed.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine plus behavior modification in the treatment of obese binge-eaters and non-binge- eaters
Authors: M D Marcus, R R Wing, L Ewing, E Kern, M McDermott, W Gooding
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

To determine whether fluoxetine is effective in the long-term treatment of obesity and whether it is particularly useful in the treatment of obese binge-eaters, the authors randomly assigned 45 obese subjects (22 with binge-eating problems and 23 without binge-eating) to fluoxetine (60 mg/day) or placebo in a 52-week double-blind trial. The 21 subjects who completed the trial made 13 clinic visits and were taught basic behavior modification strategies. Patients treated with fluoxetine plus behavior modification lost significantly more weight than those treated with placebo plus behavior modification. However, the drug did not appear to have a differential benefit for binge-eaters.
Strabismus
Authors: Robert D. Reinecke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

STRABISMUS, or misalignment of the visual axes, is a common condition, with a prevalence conservatively estimated to be 5 per cent.1 The esotropia of infancy and early childhood is responsible in most patients and is accompanied by loss of stereoscopic vision. Nearly all cases are also accompanied by amblyopia, or nonorganic visual loss in one eye.Some patients have traditionally been characterized as having amblyopia without strabismus and considered responsible for perhaps 1 per cent of the overall 5 per cent prevalence.1 Most such patients have anisometropia, a difference in refractive error between the eyes. Recent studies suggest that most . . .
Percutaneous Endoscopic Jejunostomy for Decompression in an Infant with Short-Bowel Syndrome
Authors: S. Auvin, L. Michaud, D. Guimber, R. Sfeir, F. Gottrand, D. Turck
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Patient G. L. presented with a short bowel (40 cm) and chronic intestinal obstruction syndrome as the outcome of a gastroschisis complicated by an extensive necrotic bowel. He remained on total parenteral nutrition and need of continuous nasogastric decompression. When he was 6 months old it was decided to perform a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) [1]. Since the small bowel remained both hypoperistaltic and dilated, a percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (PEJ) was also scheduled. As three previous laparotomy procedures had been done, it was decided to place the percutaneous jejunostomy so as to avoid further laparotomies and the risk of bowel resection. The PEJ (CH12 French) was performed first (Corflo; Ansell Medical, Cergy Pontoise, France). Catheterization of the bowel was easy because of its shortness and dilation and the PEJ was done 5 cm above the jejuno-colic anastomosis. PEG (CH16 French) was performed in the antrum-corpus junction. The outcome was the resolution of the intestinal obstruction. The jejunostomy tube remained in place for 7 months, with no complication. Endoscopic removal of the damaged jejunostomy tube was complicated by pneumoperitonitis and local peritonitis. The patient was discharged 4 weeks later with a closed jejunostomy and a decompression gastrostomy button. At the age of 19 months, the patient had a favourable course, with daily home parenteral nutrition along with limited food intake (20 % of daily intake).
Hepatocyte vitamin D receptor regulates lipid metabolism and mediates experimental diet-induced steatosis
Authors: Milica Bozic, Carla Guzmán, Marta Benet, Sonia Sánchez-Campos, Carmelo García-Monzón, Eloi Gari, Sonia Gatius, José Manuel Valdivielso, Ramiro Jover
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
Obinutuzumab (GA101), a Novel Type II Glycoengineered CD20 Antibody, Significantly Induced Programmed Cell Death In Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma (PMBL): Obinutuzumab May Be a Future Potential Targeted Agent For The Treatment Of PMBL
Authors: Changhong Yin, Timmy O'Connell, Janet Ayello, Carmella vande Ven, Sanghoon Lee, Mitchell S. Cairo
Journal: Blood (2013)
The dream of Irma's injection: a structural analysis
Authors: A Kuper, A A Stone
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

Lévi-Strauss developed a radically new, structural approach to the analysis of myth that may be adapted for use in the analysis of dreams. The method provides an alternative to psychoanalytic dream interpretation, focusing particularly on the internal dialectic of the dream--the movement from the initial premise to the resolution. This emphasis on the internal coherence and structured development of the dream contrasts strongly with the Freudian piecemeal decoding of dreams. The method is exemplified by analysis of Freud's classic Irma dream; it reveals a structure and message that have hitherto remained obscure. The interpretation connects the dream to Freud's theoretical ideas rather than to his supposed psychosexual fixations.
Abstract IA20: Biomarkers for risk prediction, screening, and early diagnostics.
Authors: Nicole Urban, Sarah Hawley, Holly Janes, Beth Y. Karlan, Charles W. Drescher, Mary B. Daly, Garnet L. Anderson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Objective: We developed and validated a hybrid risk classifier combining serum markers and epidemiologic risk factors to identify post-menopausal women at elevated risk for invasive fallopian tube, primary peritoneal, and ovarian epithelial carcinoma. The marker component of the classifier uses HE4 in addition to CA125. We have previously reported that HE4 may be useful as a confirmatory test for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer, when rising CA125 is used as a first-line screen. Methods: To select epidemiologic risk factors for use in the classifier, Cox proportional hazards analyses were conducted using 74,786 Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study (OS) participants. To construct a combination classifier, 210 WHI OS cases and 536 matched controls with serum marker measurements were analyzed; validation employed 143 cases and 725 matched controls from the WHI Clinical Trial (CT) with similar data. Results: Analyses identified a combination risk classifier composed of two elevated-risk groups: 1) women with either CA125 or HE4 exceeding a 98% specificity threshold; and 2) women with intact fallopian tubes, prior use of menopausal hormone therapy for at least two years, and either a first degree relative with breast or ovarian cancer or a personal history of breast cancer. In the WHI OS population, it classified 13% of women as elevated risk, identifying 30% of ovarian cancers diagnosed up to 7.8 years post-enrollment (Hazard Ratio [HR]=2.6, p&amp;lt;0.001). In the WHI CT validation population, it classified 8% of women as elevated risk, identifying 31% of cancers diagnosed within 7 years of enrollment (HR=4.6, p&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusion: CA125 and HE4 contributed significantly to risk prediction in a classifier combining serum markers with epidemiologic risk factors. The hybrid risk classifier may be useful to identify post-menopausal women who would benefit from timely surgical intervention to prevent epithelial ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Nicole Urban, Sarah Hawley, Holly Janes, Beth Y. Karlan, Charles W. Drescher, Mary B. Daly, Garnet L. Anderson. Biomarkers for risk prediction, screening, and early diagnostics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA20.
A memorable patient: When laughing is scarce
Authors: Eric Mackay
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Many practices contain one or two safebreakers, known or incognito. At our practice, however, we had a genuine safe salesman, who had spent his working life in a quiet advisory capacity defending individuals and firms against the assaults of crime. He was a gentle, thoughtful man with a twinkle in his eye and for many years had been session clerk to a large local church. He was still driving in his 80s when his smile became less generalised, his gait became more hesitant, and his hands developed a tremor. Over the following months, his ability to walk became restricted, but he could still drive his car.

Each year his car insurance company requested a medical certificate, and I approached the day and the house with trepidation. I decided that, using a ruler graduated in seconds, I would use his reaction time as a benchmark as to when driving would become unsafe. His parkinsonism steadily advanced, and for two years he passed his test with manifestly greater difficulty.

There was a sense of tension on the day of his final test. He was seated on a hard chair with his forearm resting on the table, and his hand in mid-pronation awaited the ruler being dropped and, I feared, hitting the floor. I released the ruler. To my complete disbelief his reaction time was exceptionally short. I repeated the test. Unbelievable. I tested his left hand, with a similar but less dramatic result. “You've been practising, you old rogue,” I said at last.

“Oh, yes,” he responded, “but that has little to do with it. I admit I am quite unfit to drive. My reaction time is way down. It's poor technique on your part. All I did was to watch your eyes and not the ruler.” He leant back in his chair and really laughed. And I laughed with him.
Abstract A05: Retrotransposon-derived RNAs in regulating cancer-related alternative splicing
Authors: Zhihong Zhou, Cheng Wang, Qidong Hu
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Cancer features uncontrollable growth of transformed or dedifferentiated cells. The prevalent treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy and transplantation. In particular, chemotherapy is designed to suppress cell growth, cause cell death and prevent cancer spread. However, the drug often kills healthy cells indiscriminately and becomes ineffective in the initially responsive patients who are then faced with an even more devastating situation. It has been suggested that there is a reciprocal feedback loop between pre-mRNA alternative splicing and chemotherapy-mediated DNA damage, hence we have investigated the potential role of pre-mRNA alternative splicing in causing resistance to chemotherapy, especially the platinum-based drug, cisplatin. In this study, we examined the expression of SR protein-specific kinases (SRPKs) and their post-translational modification in normal and cisplatin-treated Hela and MCF7 cells. While the expression of SRPK1 and SRPK2 were initially downregulated by cisplatin, the acetylated forms of these proteins were actually enhanced dramatically. Furthermore, in the established resistant cell lines, their expression was restored. The loss-of-function experiments using the siRNA knockdown, acetylation inhibitor and HAT-deficient TIP60 suggested that the acetylated SRPKs could confer the cisplatin resistance to the cancer cells by increasing the expression of those pro-growth proteins and isoforms, such as Myc, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and CCND1b. Remarkably, in the treated and resistant cancer cells, we observed the induced expression of Alu repeats, a large family of retrotransposons with over a million copies in the human genome. These retrotransposon-derived RNAs are associated with the downstream factors of SRPKs, SR proteins. Depletion of the Alu transcripts would re-sensitize the resistant cells to cisplatin. In particular, we observed that the induced expression of Alu RNAs was required for the generation of those pro-growth proteins, possibly through interacting and synergizing with the SR proteins. Hence, the study provides novel insights into the drug resistance mechanism and will help to develop new ways of targeting retrotransposon RNAs to overcome this haunting problem in cancer treatment. Citation Format: Zhihong Zhou, Cheng Wang, Qidong Hu. Retrotransposon-derived RNAs in regulating cancer-related alternative splicing. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer: Mechanisms to Medicines ; 2015 Dec 4-7; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A05.
Multiparameter Flow Cytometry For Detection Of Minimal Residual Disease In Multiple Myeloma After T-Cell Depleted Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant
Authors: Satyajit Kosuri, Katherine M Smith, Deborah Kuk, Sean M. Devlin, Peter G. Maslak, Sergio Giralt, Guenther Koehne
Journal: Blood (2013)
A new method of "in-cell reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction" for the detection of BCR/ABL transcript in chronic myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: N Testoni, G Martinelli, P Farabegoli, A Zaccaria, M Amabile, D Raspadori, S Pelliconi, E Zuffa, C Carboni, S Tura
Journal: Blood (1996)
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study of ibrutinib in combination with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) in subjects with newly diagnosed nongerminal center B-cell subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
Authors: Anas Younes, Pier Luigi Zinzani, Laurie Helen Sehn, Peter W. M. Johnson, Randy D. Gascoyne, Tahamtan Ahmadi, Kevin M. Bellew, Jessica Vermeulen, Sen Hong Zhuang, Steven Sun, Louis M. Staudt, Wyndham Hopkins Wilson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

TPS8615^ Background: The standard regimen for frontline treatment of DLBCL is R-CHOP, which results in a complete response (CR) in 76% of patients and a 10-year overall survival (OS) rate of 44%. DLBCL can be classified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) into 2 subgroups: germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) or non-GCB (including the activated B-cell-like and some intermediate molecular subtypes). Prognosis is suggested to be least favorable for non-GCB DLBCL, the subgroup associated with NF-κB pathway activation and chronic active B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Ibrutinib inhibits BCR signaling by covalently binding to Bruton's tyrosine kinase. A phase 2 monotherapy study in relapsed/refractory DLBCL showed a 41% overall response rate (ORR) in the non-GCB subgroup (ASH 2012). A phase 1 study combining ibrutinib with R-CHOP showed an ORR of 100% in DLBCL and a favorable safety profile (ASH 2013), suggesting that ibrutinib can be safely combined with R-CHOP. Methods: The PHOENIX study, PCI32765DBL3001, is a phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of ibrutinib in combination with R-CHOP versus R-CHOP for the treatment of newly diagnosed non-GCB DLBCL. The study aims to enroll 800 patients (≈400 per arm). All patients will receive standard doses of R-CHOP therapy for 6 or 8 cycles (according to local practice), with ibrutinib 560 mg daily or placebo. The primary objective is to evaluate if the addition of ibrutinib to R-CHOP will result in prolongation of event-free survival. Secondary objectives include progression-free survival, OS, ORR (CR + PR), CR rate, and safety. The study will enroll previously untreated adult patients with the non-GCB subgroup of DLBCL determined by central IHC (Hans algorithm). Key exclusion criteria include central nervous system involvement or primary mediastinal lymphoma, diagnosis or treatment for malignancy other than DLBCL, or history of indolent lymphoma. Approximately 280 sites globally will enroll patients. Enrollment began in Q4 of 2013. Clinical trial information: NCT01855750.
Aggression and violence around the world: A model of CLimate, Aggression, and Self-control in Humans (CLASH)
Authors: Paul A. M. Van Lange, Maria I. Rinderu, Brad J. Bushman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2016)

Abstract Worldwide there are substantial differences within and between countries in aggression and violence. Although there are various exceptions, a general rule is that aggression and violence increase as one moves closer to the equator, which suggests the important role of climate differences. While this pattern is robust, theoretical explanations for these large differences in aggression and violence within countries and around the world are lacking. Most extant explanations focus on the influence of average temperature as a factor that triggers aggression (The General Aggression Model), or the notion that warm temperature allows for more social interaction situations (Routine Activity Theory) in which aggression is likely to unfold. We propose a new model, CLimate, Aggression, and Self-control in Humans (CLASH), that helps us to understand differences within and between countries in aggression and violence in terms of differences in climate. Lower temperatures, and especially larger degrees of seasonal variation in climate, call for individuals and groups to adopt a slower life history strategy, a greater focus on the future (vs. present), and a stronger focus on self-control. The CLASH model further outlines that slow life strategy, future orientation, and strong self-control are important determinants of inhibiting aggression and violence. We also discuss how CLASH differs from other recently developed models that emphasize climate differences for understanding conflict. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and societal importance of climate in shaping individual and societal differences in aggression and violence.
Defining and measuring stabilization of patients during 4 years of intensive community support
Authors: R G Wright, J R Heiman, J Shupe, G Olvera
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

The first 4 years of an intensive community support program were evaluated in terms of key variables of patient stabilization. Patients (N = 196) had previously demonstrated an inability to manage themselves without repeated and/or lengthy hospitalizations. During program participation, there were significant reductions in hospital days and events (80%), jail incarcerations and charges, billings per patient, and stressful events. Patients reported increased satisfaction both with their lives and the program. The results support the value of continued multidimensional and multimethod examinations of patient stabilization.
Changes in the Shape of the F tal Head Produced by Labour
Authors: J. G. Swayne
Journal: BMJ (1867)

always on hand, whilst the Carbonate is left optional with the pharmanien.Permanganate of Potash is introduced into the Codex, but is left to find its own way into general favour; whilst Crystallised Acetic Acid is to be kept in all druggists' shops.The foregoing remarks embrace the earlier por- tions of the Codex, containing the preface, the materia medica, and the uncompounded drugs.Our future observations will relate to the compounds and other matters of interest in this work.
Birth Weight and the Risk of Testicular Cancer
Authors: Kathleen E. Malone, Janet R. Daling
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Journal Article Birth Weight and the Risk of Testicular Cancer Get access Kathleen E. Malone, Kathleen E. Malone Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Janet R. Daling Janet R. Daling Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 77, Issue 3, September 1986, Page 829, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/77.3.829 Published: 01 September 1986
Monitoring randomised controlled trials
Authors: K. R Abrams
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Papersp 1191 

The trial of the Parkinson's Disease Research Group reported by Ben-Shlomo et al in this issue (p 1191), which updates the results of a previously curtailed randomised controlled trial,1 raises several methodological issues. The current results relate to an initial three arm trial in which 782 patients with early stage Parkinson's disease were randomised to treatment with either levodopa alone (arm 1), levodopa and selegiline in combination (arm 2), or bromocriptine (arm 3). The first trial report, based on follow up to December 1991, showed no significant differences at the 5% level between arms 1 and 2 in disability levels, but both arms showed significant improvements over baseline.2 At this stage there were too few deaths to assess differences in mortality. The second report was based on follow up to December 1993, resulting in an average 5.6 years follow up.3 As with the earlier report, there continued to be no significant differences between arms 1 and 2 in terms of disability levels. However, based on 44 deaths in 249 patients in arm 1 and 76 in 271 patients in arm 2, a significant difference in all cause mortality was …
Training community-based paraprofessionals as behavior therapists with families of alcohol-abusing adolescents
Authors: J D Teicher, R D Sinay, J S Stumphauzer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

To combat the increase in chronic alcohol use among adolescents in a large metropolitan area, community-based paraprofessionals were trained in behavior therapy and treated these adolescents and their families in the home. Preliminary evaluation of the program revealed encouraging results. This training supplied structure for the paraprofessionals' interventions with families and provided them with skills they are continuing to use in their community work.