tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract A08: A novel lncRNA RGMB-AS inhibit NSCLC metastasis via upregulating the expression of target gene RGMB
Authors: Jin Li, Shi Xiaoshun, He Jianxing
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: The relationships between long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) and tumors have currently become one of the focuses on cancer studies. Our previous studies found repulsive guidance molecule b (RGMB) was downregulated in lung cancer which is associated with poor prognosis and cancer metastasis.The present study investigated the regulation of RGMB expression by lncRNA RGMB-AS and its role in lung cancer progression. Methods: The expression of lncRNA RGMB-AS and RGMB were detected in 56 paired NSCLC tissues and adjacent normal tissues by qRT-PCR assay. The relations of lncRNA RGMB-AS and RGMB expression with clinicopathological factors of NSCLC patients were explored. The lncRNA RGMB-AS was downregulated and overexpressed in A549 and H1299 cells, and its role in lung cancer was further investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results: The results of qRT-PCR showed that lncRNA RGMB-AS expression was significantly downregulated in NSCLC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that the expression of lncRNA RGMB-AS and RGMB mRNA were positively correlated (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The downregulation of lncRNA RGMB-AS in NSCLC tissues were associated with poor overall survival status(P &amp;lt; 0.05). Downregulation of lncRNA RGMB-AS in A549 and H1299 cells subsequently results in reduced RGMB mRNA and protein expression. The downregulation/overexpression of lncRNA RGMB-AS significantly promoted/inhibited NSCLC cells metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: We identified lncRNA RGMB-AS which was downregulated in NSCLC patients and thereby to reduce RGMB expression. lncRNA RGMB-AS might inhibit lung cancer metastasis via the regulation on RGMB and other tumor suppressors. Citation Format: Jin Li, Shi Xiaoshun, He Jianxing. A novel lncRNA RGMB-AS inhibit NSCLC metastasis via upregulating the expression of target gene RGMB. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer: Mechanisms to Medicines ; 2015 Dec 4-7; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A08.
Combined IL-21–primed polyclonal CTL plus CTLA4 blockade controls refractory metastatic melanoma in a patient
Authors: Aude G. Chapuis, Sylvia M. Lee, John A. Thompson, Ilana M. Roberts, Kim A. Margolin, Shailender Bhatia, Heather L. Sloan, Ivy Lai, Felecia Wagener, Kendall Shibuya, Jianhong Cao, Jedd D. Wolchok, Philip D. Greenberg, Cassian Yee
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2016)

Adoptive transfer of peripheral blood–derived, melanoma-reactive CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) alone is generally insufficient to eliminate bulky tumors. Similarly, monotherapy with anti-CTLA4 infrequently yields sustained remissions in patients with metastatic melanoma. We postulated that a bolus of enhanced IL-21–primed polyclonal antigen-specific CTL combined with CTLA4 blockade might boost antitumor efficacy. In this first-in-human case study, the combination successfully led to a durable complete remission (CR) in a patient whose disease was refractory to both monoclonal CTL and anti-CTLA4. Long-term persistence and sustained anti-tumor activity of transferred CTL, as well as responses to nontargeted antigens, confirmed mutually beneficial effects of the combined treatment. In this first-in-human study, Chapuis et al. demonstrate that the combination of adoptive cellular therapy with CTLA4 blockade induces long-term remission in a melanoma patient resistant to both modalities administered serially and individually.
Surgical Treatment of Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: A. J. Hedley, C. J. Flemming, M. I. Chesters, W. Michie, J. Crooks
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A retrospective study of thyrotoxic patients treated by subtotal thyroidectomy between 2 and 21 years ago in the north-east of Scotland showed that 20% of the patients could not be identified or traced at the time of the survey. The thyroid status of 40% of patients followed up was abnormal. It is now accepted that radioiodine treatment of thyrotoxicosis is followed by a significant incidence of late onset hypothyroidism, and life-long follow-up is regarded as obligatory. The findings in this study indicate that similar methods of aftercare are required for surgically treated patients and for all patients receiving thyroxine-replacement therapy.
GENO-05CHROMOTHRIPSIS IS A COMMON MECHANISM DRIVING GENOMIC REARRANGEMENTS IN GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: El Mustapha Bahassi, John Furgason, Robert Koncar, Sharon Michelhaugh, Fazlul Sarkar, Sandeep Mittal, Andrew Sloan, Jill Barnholtz-Sloan
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Findings based on recent advances in next-generation sequence analysis suggest that, in some tumors, a single catastrophic event, termed chromothripsis, results in several simultaneous tumorigenic alterations. Previous studies have suggested that glioblastoma (GBM) may exhibit chromothripsis at a higher rate (39%) than other tumors (9%). Primary glioblastoma is an aggressive form of brain cancer that typically appears suddenly in older adults. With aggressive treatment, the median survival time is only 15 months. Their acute onset and widespread genomic instability indicates that chromothripsis may play a key role in their initiation and progression. GBMs are often characterized by EGFR amplification, CDKN2A and PTEN deletion, although approximately 20% of GBMs harbor additional amplifications in MDM2 or MDM4 with CDK4. We used the chromothripsis prediction tool, Shatterproof, in conjunction with a custom whole genome sequence analysis pipeline in order to generate putative regions of chromothripsis. The data derived from this study was further expanded on using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis and susceptibility studies with colony formation assays. We show that primary GBMs are associated with higher chromothripsis scores and establish a link between chromothripsis and gene amplification of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), as well as modulators of the TP53 and RB1 pathways. Utilizing a newly introduced bioinformatic tool, we provide evidence that chromothripsis is associated with the formation of amplicons containing several oncogenes involved in key pathways that are likely essential for post-chromothriptic cell survival.
General Anesthesia
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2011)

eneral anesthesia is unconsciousness produced by medications.This allows for surgery and other treatments that would otherwise be too painful or difficult to tolerate.During general anesthesia, a person is unconscious but is not in a natural state of sleep.In the United States, anesthesia is provided by anesthesiologists (medical doctors with specialized education in the evaluation and care of patients before, during, and after surgery, including pain management), certified registered nurse anesthetists (nurses with additional education in the administration of anesthesia), and anesthesiologist assistants (who are educated to administer anesthesia under the direction of an anesthesiologist).
Notes on the Etiology of Dysentery. I. Types of Dysentery Bacilli isolated at No. 3 Australian General Hospital, Cairo, March-August, 1916, with Observations on the Variability of the Mannite-Fermenting Group. II. The Value of Agglutination in the Identification of Members Fermenting Group of Dysentery Bacilli.
Authors: C. J. Martin, F. E. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1917)
Case 28-1980
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, James E. Pennington, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Presentation of CaseA 62-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of fever.He was well until six years previously, when he noticed enlarged lymph nodes but did not seek medical treatment. Seven months before entry he came to the medical clinic, where examination showed extensive lymphadenopathy and massive splenomegaly. The hematocrit was 26.5 per cent; the white-cell count was 520,000, with 1 per cent neutrophils and 99 per cent small lymphocytes. The platelet count was 126,000, and the reticulocyte count 2.1 per cent. An x-ray film of the chest revealed that the heart was enlarged; the hilar areas . . .
Severity of endoscopically identified esophageal rings correlates with reduced esophageal distensibility in eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Joan Chen, John Pandolfino, Zhiyue Lin, Jody Ciolino, Nirmala Gonsalves, Peter Kahrilas, Ikuo Hirano
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

<b>Background/Aims: </b>A grading system for the endoscopic features of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has recently been validated. The EoE Endoscopic Reference Score (EREFS) incorporates both inflammatory and remodeling features of EoE. High resolution impedance planimetry using the functional luminal imaging probe (FLIP) is a technique for quantification of esophageal remodeling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between endoscopic severity with EREFS and esophageal distensibility as measured with the FLIP. <b>Methods: </b>Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies and FLIP were performed in 72 adults with EoE. Endoscopic features of edema, rings, exudates, furrows, and stricture were evaluated using the EREFS system. Esophageal distensibility metrics obtained by FLIP, including the distensibility slope and distensibility plateau, were compared with EREFS parameters. Bivariate associations between EREFS parameters and histologic eosinophil density were assessed. <b>Results: </b>Higher ring scores were associated with a lower distensibility plateau (r<sub>s</sub> = −0.46; <i>P</i> < 0.0001). An association was found between severity of exudates and eosinophil density (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.27; <i>P</i> = 0.02), as well as between furrows and eosinophil density (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.49; <i>P</i> < 0.0001). Severity of exudates and furrows, and degree of eosinophilia were not associated with the distensibility parameters. <b>Conclusions: </b>Endoscopic assessment of ring severity can serve as a marker for esophageal remodeling and may be useful for food impaction risk stratification in EoE. Eosinophil count was not significantly associated with esophageal distensibility, consistent with previous reports of dissociation between inflammatory activity and fibrostenosis in EoE. Endoscopic inflammatory features show a weak correlation with histopathology but should not replace histologic indices of inflammation.
Self-crosslinkable and intracellularly decrosslinkable biodegradable micellar nanoparticles: A robust, simple and multifunctional nanoplatform for high-efficiency targeted cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Yan Zou, Ya Fang, Hao Meng, Fenghua Meng, Chao Deng, Jian Zhang, Zhiyuan Zhong
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2016)
Functional Impact of Atherosclerosis on Epicardial Coronary Conductance Vessels Assessed With MDCT
Authors: Patricia M. Udholm, Jesper J. Linde, Rachael Barton, Jørgen T. Kühl, Jens D. Hove, Mathias Sørgaard, Anna F. Thomsen, Klaus F. Kofoed
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2016)
Placebo-controlled trial to evaluate zidovudine in treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection in asymptomatic patients with hemophilia. NHF-ACTG 036 Study Group
Authors: TC Merigan, DA Amato, J Balsley, M Power, WA Price, S Benoit, A Perez-Michael, A Brownstein, AS Kramer, D Brettler
Journal: Blood (1991)
Brief exposure to SDX-105 (Treanda™) activates potent apoptosis and cell death in lymphoma and leukemia cells
Authors: Heather H. Bendall, Christina Niemeyer, Jack Reifert, Brandi Bailey, Lorenzo M. Leoni
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

3336  SDX-105 (Treanda™) is a DNA alkylating drug with activity in drug-resistant cancers and a unique mechanism of action when compared to other related anti-tumor agents. As is the case with other members of this class, SDX-105 has a relatively short half-life in humans (approximately 2 hours) and is administered clinically by bolus intravenous infusion. Therefore we tested the capacity of SDX-105 to induce cell death and apoptosis when cancer cells were exposed to the drug for brief periods in vitro. The results obtained indicate that SDX-105 exerts maximal anti-tumor activity after a brief (30 minute) exposure to cells. The NHL cell line SU-DHL-1, was exposed to 50 μM SDX-105 for brief periods ranging from 30 minutes to 4 hours, washed, and allowed to recover for 20 hours in drug-free media. Cells exposed to SDX-105 for as few as 30 minutes displayed extensive loss of viability as measured by a variety of biological assays, including measurement of intracellular ATP and release of adenylate kinase in the supernatant at 72 hours post drug exposure. In contrast, cells treated with other members of this class of chemical alkylators (chlorambucil, melphalan and the cyclophosphamide metabolite phosphoramide mustard) experience minimal loss of viability when exposed to these agents for 30 minutes. These agents require a much longer exposure period (at least 4 hours) to induce a cytotoxic effect comparable to SDX-105 in these assays. These findings were confirmed using an MTT-based assay in which SDX-105 had a similar IC50 in SU-DHL-1 and HL-60 cells at 72 hours following exposure to drug for 30 minutes, 4 hours or 72 hours. By comparison, chlorambucil, melphalan, and phosphoramide mustard exhibited 10 to 20-fold higher IC50s when incubated with these same cell lines for 30 minutes compared to continuous (72 hour) exposure. Rapid induction of PARP (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase) cleavage was found to be a hallmark of SDX-105-induced cell death in NHL cells. Maximal PARP cleavage was observed in SU-DHL-1 cells exposed for as few as 30 minutes to 50 μM SDX-105 and, following drug washout, further incubated for 8 hours. No PARP cleavage was observed in cells treated in a similar manner for 30 minutes with 40 μM phosphoramide mustard, 4 μM chlorambucil, or 2 μM melphalan. The concentrations of each drug used represent equitoxic concentrations when compared to 50 μM SDX-105 as measured by an MTT-based assay after a period of 72 hours of drug exposure. Taken together, these results suggest that the unique capacity of SDX-105 to activate an irreversible cell death pathway following even brief incubation with cells distinguishes it from other related alkylating agents and may contribute to its potent clinical activity.
Croup
Authors: James D Cherry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A previously healthy 2-year-old girl has the onset of crouplike symptoms at 11 p.m. She is seen in an emergency department 2 hours later with a barking cough and, when upset, inspiratory stridor. Her temperature is 36.1°C, respiratory rate 20 breaths per minute, heart rate 151 beats per minute, and oxygen saturation 94% while breathing ambient air.
Pre-Transplant R-Bendamustine Induces High Rates of Minimial Residual Disease in MCL Patients: Updated Results of S1106: US Intergroup Study of a Randomized Phase II Trial of R-HCVAD Vs. R-Bendamustine Followed By Autologous Stem Cell Transplants for Patients with Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Robert Chen, Hongli Li, Steven H. Bernstein, Lisa M. Rimsza, Stephen J. Forman, Louis Constine, Thomas C. Shea, Amanda F. Cashen, Kristie A. Blum, Timothy S. Fenske, Paul M. Barr, Michael Leblanc, Richard I. Fisher, Bruce D. Cheson, Sonali M. Smith, Malek Faham, Jennifer Wilkins, John P. Leonard, Brad S. Kahl, Jonathan W. Friedberg
Journal: Blood (2015)
Psychological Treatments for the World: Lessons from Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Daisy R. Singla, Brandon A. Kohrt, Laura K. Murray, Arpita Anand, Bruce F. Chorpita, Vikram Patel
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2017)

Common mental disorders, including depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress, are leading causes of disability worldwide. Treatment for these disorders is limited in low- and middle-income countries. This systematic review synthesizes the implementation processes and examines the effectiveness of psychological treatments for common mental disorders in adults delivered by nonspecialist providers in low- and middle-income countries. In total, 27 trials met the eligibility criteria; most treatments targeted depression or posttraumatic stress. Treatments were commonly delivered by community health workers or peers in primary care or community settings; they usually were delivered with fewer than 10 sessions over 2–3 months in an individual, face-to-face format. Treatments included common elements, such as nonspecific engagement and specific domains of behavioral, interpersonal, emotional, and cognitive elements. The pooled effect size was 0.49 (95% confidence interval = 0.36–0.62), favoring intervention conditions. Our review demonstrates that psychological treatments—comprising a parsimonious set of common elements and delivered by a low-cost, widely available human resource—have moderate to strong effects in reducing the burden of common mental disorders.
Stress reticulocytes lose transferrin receptors by an extrinsic process involving spleen and macrophages
Authors: Melissa M. Rhodes, Stephen T. Koury, Prapaporn Kopsombut, Catherine E. Alford, James O. Price, Mark J. Koury
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2016)

As they mature into erythrocytes during normal erythropoiesis, reticulocytes lose surface transferrin receptors before or concurrently with reticulin. Exosome release accounts for most of the loss of transferrin receptors from reticulocytes. During erythropoietic stress, reticulocytes are released early from hematopoietic tissues and have increased reticulin staining and transferrin receptors. Flow cytometry of dually stained erythrocytes of mice recovering from phlebotomy demonstrated delayed loss of reticulin and transferrin receptors during in vitro maturation compared to in vivo maturation, indicating that an in vivo process extrinsic to the reticulocytes facilitates their maturation. Splenectomy or macrophage depletion by liposomal clodronate inhibited in vivo maturation of reticulocytes and increased the numbers of reticulin-negative, transferrin receptor-positive cells during and after recovery from phlebotomy. This reticulin-negative, transferrin receptor-positive population was rarely found in normal mice. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the reticulin-negative, transferrin receptor-positive cells were elongated and discoid erythrocytes, but they had intracellular and surface structures that appeared to be partially degraded organelles. The results indicate that maturation of circulating stress reticulocytes is enhanced by an extrinsic process that occurs in the spleen and involves macrophage activity. Complete loss of reticulin with incomplete loss of surface transferrin receptors in this process produces a reticulin-negative, transferrin receptor-positive erythrocyte population that has potential utility for detecting prior erythropoietic stresses including bleeding, hemolysis and erythropoietin administration, even after recovery has been completed. Am. J. Hematol. 91:875-882, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Abstract B11: The oncogenic role of I2PP2A by inhibiting NME1 in SHH medulloblastoma
Authors: Yun Wei, Anna Maria Kenney
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Medulloblastoma is a pediatric brain tumor which arises in the cerebellum and is the most common childhood malignancy. The current standard of treatment for medulloblastoma (MB) is a combination of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, which can cause lifelong side effects to MB survivors due to damage to the developing brain. Approximately 30% of human MB show aberrant Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling and feature mutated SMO/PTCH1 or amplified GLI/NMYC, components of the SHH pathway. To study SHH-driven mitogenic and oncogenic signaling pathways, we use the NeuroD2-SmoA1 mouse model to investigate how downstream effectors of SHH signaling regulate cell proliferation in MB development. The NeuroD2-SmoA1 mouse closely recapitulates human SHH MB and bears constitutively active SMO in its cerebellum. The early onset and high incidence of tumors, and the adherence to human pathology make NeuroD2-SmoA1 mouse an efficient model for MB research. Utilizing this model, I have been focusing on the nuclear oncoprotein, I2PP2A, also known as endogenous inhibitor 2 of phosphatase 2A. I2PP2A has recently been proposed to be targeted in other malignant tumors such as leukemia, prostate, and lung cancers. However, whether I2PP2A play oncogenic roles in medulloblastoma has not been established yet. I found that I2PP2A protein is markedly elevated in mouse MB cytosol compared with neighboring normal cerebellum through histology and western blot approaches. In the efforts of searching molecules interacting with I2PP2A in cytoplasm, a non-metastasis marker, called NME1, stands out as the cytosol level of this protein also shows a strong induction. NME1 is a DNase that triggers cell death when tumor cells encounter the immune attack from the microenvironment. Based on the preliminary data, I hypothesize that I2PP2A sequesters NME1 in cytosol and inhibits the activation of this DNA nicking protein, thus prevents the MB cell death. My future plans are to determine the roles of I2PP2A and NME1 in tumorigenesis, test whether inhibiting I2PP2A can induce MB cell death mediated by NME1, and finally extrapolate this research to novel therapy design targeting I2PP2A in SHH medulloblastoma. Citation Format: Yun Wei, Anna Maria Kenney. The oncogenic role of I2PP2A by inhibiting NME1 in SHH medulloblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Brain Cancer Research; May 27-30, 2015; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(23 Suppl):Abstract nr B11.
Experimental Production in the Rabbit of Coxa Plana: A Lesion Resembling Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease in Man
Authors: R K GREENLAW, D S KAHN, J G PETRIE
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Degree of addiction and effectiveness of nicotine gum therapy for smoking
Authors: M E Jarvik, N G Schneider
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

In a double-blind trial, 48 smokers completed a nicotine tolerance questionnaire and then received nicotine gum or placebo during smoking cessation. Subjects given active gum were more likely to remain abstinent if their questionnaire responses indicated high nicotine dependence.