tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Face validity of the DSM-III-R personality disorders
Authors: R K Blashfield, M J Breen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

A list of the 142 diagnostic criteria for the DSM-III-R personality disorders was sent to a national sample of psychiatrists and clinical psychologists. The criteria were presented in randomly scrambled order, and clinicians were asked to assign the criteria to their parent categories. The average clinician assigned 66% of the criteria to the actual parent categories. These results suggest that the face validity of many of the DSM-III-R personality disorder criteria is low. Moreover, it appears that there are high levels of overlap in meaning among the criteria for the histrionic/narcissistic, avoidant/dependent, and schizotypal/paranoid pairs of personality disorders.
A case of familial exhibitionism in Tourette's syndrome successfully treated with haloperidol
Authors: D E Comings, B G Comings
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

The authors describe a 32-year-old man with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome whose most severe symptom was exhibitionism. Treatment with low doses of haloperidol eliminated all exhibitionistic urges. This patient's oldest son has multiple tics and his nephew has Tourette's syndrome with mild exhibitionism. The major implications of this case are that 1) all patients with compulsive-type exhibitionism should be carefully questioned about symptoms of Tourette's syndrome and, if positive, be given a trial regimen of haloperidol; 2) some patients with compulsive exhibitionism and no symptoms of Tourette's syndrome have a genetic, neurochemical disorder and respond to haloperidol.
Procedures and Principles of the USAN Council
Authors: C F ZUKOSKI
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
FAP Promotes Immunosuppression by Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in the Tumor Microenvironment via STAT3–CCL2 Signaling
Authors: Xuguang Yang, Yuli Lin, Yinghong Shi, Bingji Li, Weiren Liu, Wei Yin, Yongjun Dang, Yiwei Chu, Jia Fan, Rui He
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are components of the tumor microenvironment whose contributions to malignant progression are not fully understood. Here, we show that the fibroblast activation protein (FAP) triggers induction of a CAF subset with an inflammatory phenotype directed by STAT3 activation and inflammation-associated expression signature marked by CCL2 upregulation. Enforcing FAP expression in normal fibroblasts was sufficient to endow them with an inflammatory phenotype similar to FAP+CAFs. We identified FAP as a persistent activator of fibroblastic STAT3 through a uPAR-dependent FAK–Src–JAK2 signaling pathway. In a murine liver tumor model, we found that FAP+CAFs were a major source of CCL2 and that fibroblastic STAT3–CCL2 signaling in this setting promoted tumor growth by enhancing recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). The CCL2 receptor CCR2 was expressed on circulating MDSCs in tumor-bearing subjects and FAP+CAF-mediated tumor promotion and MDSC recruitment was abrogated in Ccr2-deficient mice. Clinically, we observed a positive correlation between stromal expression of FAP, p-STAT3, and CCL2 in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, a highly aggressive liver cancer with dense desmoplastic stroma, where elevated levels of stromal FAP predicted a poor survival outcome. Taken together, our results showed how FAP–STAT3–CCL2 signaling in CAFs was sufficient to program an inflammatory component of the tumor microenvironment, which may have particular significance in desmoplasia-associated cancers. Cancer Res; 76(14); 4124–35. ©2016 AACR.
The patient care crisis in community mental health centers: a need for more psychiatric involvement
Authors: R M Berlin, J D Kales, F J Humphrey, A Kales
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

The authors examine the role of psychiatrists in community mental health centers and suggest that extensive psychiatric involvement is needed to ensure proper patient care. Within the context of four basic clinical models--social, psychological, behavioral, and biomedical--they describe the psychiatrist's unique clinical skills in history taking, differential diagnosis, case formulation, use of psychopharmacologic agents, and provision of leadership in patient care. Five case reports illustrate instances in which psychiatric intervention corrected serious problems in diagnosis and treatment that otherwise would have resulted in inadequate care or harm to the patient.
Functional and molecular profiling of heterogeneous tumor samples using a novel cellular microarray
Authors: D. S. Chen, Y. Soen, M. M. Davis, P. O. Brown
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

9507 Background: Current standards in pathological diagnosis are based on tissue of origin, microscopic examination, immunohistochemistry and immunophenotyping. This leads to a most likely diagnosis utilizing minimal acceptable resources, ignoring potentially important information based upon likelihood of occurrence. Methods: We have developed a novel method for analyzing heterogeneous clinical samples utilizing a cellular microarray to profile both cell molecular composition and cellular function in a rapid fashion. By co-spotting mixtures of a) capture probes, which recognize cell surface molecules, b) detection probes, which recognize molecules secreted by cells and c) effector probes, which can signal a change in cell behavior, in a microarray format, cells can be specifically captured and analyzed for their molecular and behavioral patterns. Results: Blood, lymph nodes and surgical biopsies from patients with malignancies were dissociated into single cell suspensions and applied to the cellular microarray. Diagnosis of the tumor type was obtained by analysis of a molecular profile. Benign and malignant cells were distinguishable by differences in their microscopic appearance, glucose metabolism, and their metabolic capacity. Functional profiling of secreted factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPS), provided a specific molecular signature. The cellular microarray also determined the presence of unexpected therapeutic targets, such as overexpression of c-kit, on the surface of tumor cells from some of the clinical samples. Conclusions: The use of cellular microarrays provides a versatile, simple and rapid platform for profiling molecular and functional patterns in single cells. This information is correlated to clinical disease, and may provide improved ability to determine best treatment, identification of unexpected therapeutic options, and provide more accurate prognosis. This technology may be applied to routine clinical laboratory analysis and lead to the development of functional pathology using viable cellular samples. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
NEPHROPATHY IN CHRONIC LEAD POISONING
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Characterization of CD33/CD3 Tetravalent Bispecific Tandem Diabodies (TandAbs) for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Uwe Reusch, Kimberly H. Harrington, Chelsea J. Gudgeon, Ivica Fucek, Kristina Ellwanger, Michael Weichel, Stefan H.J. Knackmuss, Eugene A. Zhukovsky, Judith A. Fox, Lori A. Kunkel, Jeanmarie Guenot, Roland B. Walter
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Randomized studies with gemtuzumab ozogamicin have validated CD33 as a target for antigen-specific immunotherapy of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Here, we investigated the potential of CD33/CD3-directed tandem diabodies (TandAbs) as novel treatment approach for AML. These tetravalent bispecific antibodies provide two binding sites for each antigen to maintain the avidity of a bivalent antibody and have a molecular weight exceeding the renal clearance threshold, thus offering a longer half-life compared to smaller antibody constructs.We constructed a series of TandAbs composed of anti-CD33 and anti-CD3 variable domains of diverse binding affinities and profiled their functional properties in CD33+ human leukemia cell lines, xenograft models, and AML patient samples.Our studies demonstrated that several CD33/CD3 TandAbs could induce potent, dose-dependent cytolysis of CD33+ AML cell lines. This effect was modulated by the effector-to-target cell ratio and strictly required the presence of T cells. Activation and proliferation of T cells and maximal AML cell cytolysis correlated with high avidity to both CD33 and CD3. High-avidity TandAbs were broadly active in primary specimens from patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory AML in vitro, with cytotoxic properties independent of CD33 receptor density and cytogenetic risk. Tumor growth delay and inhibition were observed in both prophylactic and established HL-60 xenograft models in immunodeficient mice.Our data show high efficacy of CD33/CD3 TandAbs in various preclinical models of human AML. Together, these findings support further study of CD33/CD3 TandAbs as novel immunotherapeutics for patients with AML. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5829-38. ©2016 AACR.
Impact of NCI-Mandated Scientific Review on Protocol Development and Content
Authors: Ning Ning, Jingsheng Yan, Xian-Jin Xie, David E. Gerber
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

The NCI requirement that clinical trials at NCI-designated cancer centers undergo scientific review in addition to Institutional Review Board review is unique among medical specialties. We evaluated the impact of this process on protocol development and content.We analyzed cancer clinical trials that underwent full board review by the Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center Protocol Review and Monitoring Committee (PRMC) from January 1, 2009, through June 30, 2013. We analyzed associations between trial characteristics, PRMC decisions, and protocol modifications using Chi-square testing, Fishers exact testing, and logistic regression.A total of 226 trials were analyzed. Of these, 77% were industry-sponsored and 23% were investigator-initiated. Initial PRMC decisions were: approval (40%), provisional approval (52%), deferral (7%), and disapproval (1%). These decisions were associated with study sponsor (P<.001) and phase (P<.001). Ultimately, 97% of industry-sponsored and 90% of investigator-initiated trials were approved (P=.05). Changes were requested for 27% of industry-sponsored trials compared with 54% of investigator-initiated trials (P<.001). Total changes requested (mean, 5.6 vs 2.4; P<.001) and implemented (mean, 4.6 vs 2.1; P=.008) per protocol were significantly greater for investigator-initiated trials. Changes related to study design were more commonly requested (35% vs 13% of trials) and implemented (40% vs 5% of trials) for investigator-initiated trials compared with industry-sponsored trials (P=.03).NCI-mandated scientific protocol review seems to have a substantial impact on investigator-initiated trials but less effect on industry-sponsored trials. These findings may provide guidance on development and prioritization of institutional protocol review policies.
Blood Lipids
Authors: Deborah Tolmach Sugerman
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Blood LipidsPeople with hyperlipidemia have too many lipids (fats) in their blood-namely, cholesterol and triglycerides. Types of Blood LipidsCholesterol is a waxy material produced by the body and is found in saturated fats and in animal products.It has several uses in the body and is an important part of cells.Although we commonly say "cholesterol," the term actual includes 2 components: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL).Lipoproteins carry cholesterol through the blood stream.Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is harmful (think L for lousy) because it can lead to the build-up of cholesterol in your arteries to form plaques. Highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) is good (think H for healthy) because it helps your body get rid of cholesterol.Triglycerides are another type of fat produced in your body.They are also found in food.High levels of triglycerides mainly result from lifestyle choices, including a poor diet, smoking, alcohol use, and the lack of exercise, but sometimes genetics play a role.
Does the inherence heuristic take us to psychological essentialism?
Authors: Anna Marmodoro, Robin A. Murphy, A. G. Baker
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract We argue that the claim that essence-based causal explanations emerge, hydra-like, from an inherence heuristic is incomplete. No plausible mechanism for the transition from concrete properties, or cues, to essences is provided. Moreover, the fundamental shotgun and storytelling mechanisms of the inherence heuristic are not clearly enough specified to distinguish them, developmentally, from associative or causal networks.
Re: McCannel: Simulation surgical teaching in ophthalmology (Ophthalmology 2015;122:2371-2)
Authors: Chryssa McAlister
Journal: Ophthalmology (2016)

I commend Dr McCannel for his editorial,1McCannel C.A. Simulation surgical teaching in ophthalmology.Ophthalmology. 2015; 122: 2371-2372Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (16) Google Scholar highlighting the increasing importance of simulator learning in ophthalmology surgical training programs. With the development of advanced technology virtual reality simulators, trainees are now able to acquire significant technical skills before operating on patients. The incorporation of competency-based assessments into simulator training is another key factor worthy of mention. In 2013, our institution developed and implemented a formal surgical curriculum for ophthalmology residents using didactic teaching, wet laboratory training, and surgical simulation, with competency assessments required before transitioning to surgery. These formalized assessments ensure that trainees meet certain standards before progressing to more skilled levels involving patients, and also provide an incentive for the trainee to acquire simulator-based skills. Going forward, ophthalmology training programs also need to develop and incorporate formalized competency-based assessments of advanced trainees to ensure appropriate surgical skills are acquired before graduating to independent practice. The formalization of competency assessments into surgical training programs promises many potential benefits. It ensures we provide quality training to our future surgeons; it formalizes the notion that trainees are given a graded level of responsibility based on their skills, minimizing potential risk to patients; and it facilitates a more transparent discussion with our patients on the role trainees will play in their surgery. Simulation Surgical Teaching in OphthalmologyOphthalmologyVol. 122Issue 12Preview“Practice makes perfect” is an age-old idiom few can disagree with. Yet in ophthalmic surgical teaching, practice has not had the emphasis it has in other motor skill–based disciplines. Even a well-stocked wet laboratory likely does not have a large quantity of eyes available for practicing, limiting robustness of skill development that could be achieved by frequent repetition. The commonly used pig eyes have only superficially similar surgical characteristics to human eyes, reducing the benefit of the time invested. Full-Text PDF ReplyOphthalmologyVol. 123Issue 6PreviewDr McAlister appropriately points out that using the simulator to teach surgical skills is only part of the process of graduating competent surgeons. I agree that assessment of competency is also an important part of an optimal surgical training paradigm. Over the past decade or two, there has been an evolution of medical education that strongly favors formal skill assessment. This led to the adoption of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 2 Clinical Skills examination as a requirement for medical licensing in the United States in 2005. Full-Text PDF
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;The Young Woman of Albano (L’Albanaise)&lt;/emph&gt;
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
High rate of affective disorders in probands with attention deficit disorder and in their relatives: a controlled family study
Authors: J Biederman, K Munir, D Knee, M Armentano, S Autor, C Waternaux, M Tsuang
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

In a controlled family study of attention deficit disorder, data were collected on first-degree relatives of 22 children with attention deficit disorder and 20 normal children. The rate of major affective disorder was significantly higher in the attention deficit disorder probands (32%) and their relatives (27%) than in the normal control subjects (0%) and their relatives (6%). The findings indicate that attention deficit disorder is associated with higher risk for affective disorder and suggest that probands who have both disorders may represent a distinct subgroup.
The effect of pimozide on CSF norepinephrine in schizophrenia
Authors: D E Sternberg, D P van Kammen, C R Lake, J C Ballenger, S R Marder, W E Bunney
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

The authors measured CSF norepinephrine concentrations in drug-free schizophrenic patients with and without probenecid administration and in drug-free normal control subjects. Schizophrenic patients had significantly higher baseline norepinephrine values. The dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid correlated significantly with norepinephrine. During chronic treatment with the neuroleptic pimozide, patients' norepinephrine levels were significantly decreased. The pimozide-induced decrease in norepinephrine, as well as the percent decrease, correlated significantly with the patients' decrease in global psychosis. These data are consistent with recent reports of elevated concentrations of norepinephrine in specific brain areas of schizophrenic patients, and they support a role for norepinephrine metabolism in the pharmacological effects of antipsychotic drugs.
Apolipoprotein D deficiency is associated to high bone turnover, low bone mass and impaired osteoblastic function in aged female mice
Authors: Corine Martineau, Ouafa Najyb, Céline Signor, Éric Rassart, Robert Moreau
Journal: Metabolism (2016)

Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) is a member of the lipocalin family known to transport small hydrophobic ligands. A major site of ApoD expression in mice is the central nervous system where evidence suggests that it plays a protective role. Gene expression of ApoD was reported in bone-forming osteoblasts but its impact on bone metabolism remains undocumented.We compared basic bone parameters of ApoD(-/-) (null) and transgenic (tg) mice to wild-type (wt) littermates through microCT and histochemistry, as well as ApoD expression and secretion in osteoblasts under various culture conditions through real-time PCR and immunoblotting.ApoD-null females displayed progressive bone loss with aging, resulting in a 50% reduction in trabecular bone volume and a 23% reduction in cortical bone volume by 9months of age. Only cortical bone volume was significantly reduced in ApoD-null males by an average of 24%. Histochemistry indicated significantly higher osteoblast surface and number of osteoclasts in femora from ApoD-null females. ApoD gene expression was confirmed in primary cultures of bone marrow mesenchymal cells (MSC), with higher expression levels in MSC from females compared to males. ApoD-null MSC exhibited impaired proliferation and differentiation potentials. Moreover, exogenous ApoD partially rescued the osteogenic potential of null MSC, which were shown to readily uptake the protein from media. ApoD expression was upregulated under low proliferation conditions, by contact inhibition and osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells.Our results indicate that ApoD influences bone metabolism in mice in a gender-specific manner, potentially through an auto-/paracrine pathway.