tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Newly Recognized Myxoviruses from Children with Respiratory Disease
Authors: Robert M. Chanock, Robert H. Parrott, Katherine Cook, B. E. Andrews, J. A. Bell, Thomas Reichelderfer, Albert Z. Kapikian, F. M. Mastrota, Robert J. Huebner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THE present study was designed to investigate the viral etiology of respiratory illness in infants and young children. One of the technics employed for isolation of the virus was the recently described hemadsorption method of Vogel and Shelokov.1 , 2 With this technic, several strains of Asian influenza A virus were isolated, but the majority of agents recovered were not influenza A, B or C. The noninfluenza agents appear to comprise two newly recognized groups of myxoviruses,3 probably responsible for a segment of common respiratory illnesses in children. Their properties, serologic characterization and the evidence bearing upon their relation to disease will . . .
Exercise Intensity, Dose, and Cardiovascular Disease—Reply
Authors: Thijs M. H. Eijsvogels, Paul D. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AB0310 Prognostic Factor for Forefoot Deformity in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: R. Hara, Y. Tanaka, T. Fujimoto, Y. Akai, Y. Kobata, A. Kido, N. Shimmyo, T. Fujimura
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Disease activity score (DAS) 28 and simplified disease activity index (SDAI) and clinical disease activity index (CDAI) are often used for clinical assessment, and these criteria dose not include assessment of joints in the feet. Residual synovitis of the MTP joints and various factors such as inflammatory marker, drugs and weght-bearing possibly cause various deformities of the forefoot and lead to functional, cosmetic problems. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine prognostic factors of forefoot deformity in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <h3>Methods</h3> Twenty-four outpatients with RA before tight control were enrolled. At baseline, the mean age of patients was 57.8 years and the mean disease duration was 11.2 months. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. The mean DAS28, SDAI and modified health assessment questionnaire (mHAQ) at baseline was 4.84, 21.9 and 0.29. The mean CRP and MMP-3 was 1.7 mg/dl and 153 ng/ml. Eleven patients (46%) were treated with conventional synthetic disease modified anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) and 8 patients (33%) were treated with glucocorticoids (GCs, mean dose of prednisolone 5.6mg). Nine patients (38%) were treated biological agents at final follow up. As ultrasonographic assessment, bilateral first IP joint, the second to fifth PIP joint, the first to fifth MCP and MTP joints were assessed by semi-quantitative assessment (0 - 3) using power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS). The sum score of all joints and MTP joints was used as total PDUS (TPD) and foot PDUS (FPD). Radiographic damages of feet were evaluated by using van der Heijde modified total sharp score (footTSS, 0 - 168). Radiographic forefoot deformities were evaluated by using hallux valgus angle (HV), 1st to 2nd metatarsal angle (M1M2) and 1st to 5th metatarsal angle (M1M5). Both radiographic assessment were performed at baseline and final follow up (mean 2.7 years), and the sum of these angle (HV + M1M2 + M1M5) was used as total deformity score (TDS). <h3>Results</h3> Twenty-one (87.5%) and 18 (75%) patients achieved DAS28 and SDAI remission after tight control. At final follow up, all deformity angle were significantly progressed and mean ΔHV, ΔM1M2, ΔM1M5 and ΔTDS was 3.58, 2.29, 3.88 and 9.75 respectively. ΔTDS were not correlated with ΔfootTSS (ρ=0.09, p=0.68). DAS28, SDAI, TPD, FPD, CRP, MMP-3 and BMI were not correlated with ΔTDS, whereas univariate linear analysis identified significant correlation with GCs and ΔTDS (p=0.009), and multiple regression analysis revealed GCs was a independent risk for forefoot deformity (p=0.01). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Forefoot deformity in RA progressed even if clinical remission was achieved. Baseline prognostic factor for forefoot deformity in early RA was oral low dose GCs in the early stage of treatment. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without the concurrent hormone therapy that has downregulated estrogen level in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer: NACED randomized multicenter phase II trial.
Authors: Naoki Watanabe, Takayuki Iwamoto, Takayuki Motoki, Kumi Sugiu, Masako Omori, Mitsuya Ito, Takeshi Yuasa, Shoichiro Ohtani, Hiroshi Sonobe, Kenji Higaki, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Junji Matsuoka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e11501 Background: Although in the neoadjuvant setting for Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers, chemotherapy or hormone therapy alone does not reach satisfactions on tumor response; it is unknown if concurrent chemo-endocrine therapy is superior to chemotherapy alone on overall tumor response. Methods: We conducted a randomized phase II trial to test if patients with ER-positive given by the concurrent administration of chemo-endocrine therapy that has downregulated estrogen level benefit differently from chemotherapy alone in the neoadjuvant setting. Women with stage II-III, ER-positive, invasive breast cancer (28 patients) received paclitaxel followed by fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide (T-FEC) and were randomized to receive concurrent chemo-endocrine therapy consisting of goserelin administered subcutaneously for premenopausal women or for postmenopausal women an aromatase inhibitor. Primary endpoint is overall tumor response, and the secondary endpoint is biomarker analysis including change in Ki67 protein expression and Residual Cancer Burden (RCB). Results: Twenty eight patients were randomized. Tumor size after therapy was significantly reduced in concurrent therapy group (P = .035), but not in chemotherapy alone group (P = .622). In concurrent group, there was marginally significant tumor response in high Ki67 group (P = .067), but not low Ki67 group (P = .356). Ki67 level were similarly reduced in both regimens, and were not associated with RCB. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with the concurrent hormone therapy that has downregulated estrogen level provided significant tumor size reduction in ER-positive breast cancers, not neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone. Conclusions: We recommend not to give chemotherapy alone to ER-positive breast cancers in the neoadjuvant setting. These preliminary results should be confirmed by further studies.
Hodgkin's Disease in Childhood: An Epidemiologic Study
Authors: Joseph F. Fraumeni, Jr., M.D., Frederick P. Li, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Study was made of 359 death certificates of United States children who died of Hodgkin's disease, 1960–64, and of 314 hospital charts of children with this neoplasm. Unlike most childhood neoplasms, there was no early peak in mortality or relation to specific congenital defects to suggest a prenatal origin. Hodgkin's disease in children increased progressively with age, and the much earlier rise in morbidity among boys resulted in a 3:1 male excess. The sex ratio diminished from 10–12 years of age, indicating that the transition to the pattern of Hodgkin's disease in young adults may occur at this time. Among boys dying of Hodgkin's disease, a higher than expected number were born in July and August, suggesting the role early in life of sex-limited environmental agents with seasonal prevalence. Excessive mortality also occurred in the West-South Central division of the United States, an area with the lowest rate for the disease at older ages. Among children there was no difference in mortality by race, in contrast to the excess among white adults. A number of features of Hodgkin's disease in children and in young adults are consistent with the activity of environmental factors, with certain childhood patterns resulting possibly from exposure or enhanced susceptibility to such factors close to birth.
Physiologic Responses of the Transplanted Human Kidney
Authors: M. Donald Blaufox, Edmund J. Lewis, Paul Jagger, David Lauler, Roger Hickler, John P. Merrill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

The denervated, transplanted kidneys of six patients who had received kidneys from live, related donors (one identical twin) were able to maintain normal sodium balance. Peripheral plasma renin activity on a high-salt diet was 354 ± 28 mμg of angiotensin ∥ (±SE) in the donors and 291 ± 39 mμg per 100 ml in the recipients. Renin activity (low-salt diet) averaged 620 ± 50 mμg in the donors and 700 ± 52 mμg per 100 ml in the recipients. Aldosterone secretory rates were normal in the patients studied as were exchangeable sodium, potassium and body water. The denervated, transplanted human kidney can maintain clearance comparable with the donor kidney, and sodium regulation and renin secretion as evaluated in this study appear to be normal.
Radiological-Histological Size Correlation in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (Tnbc)
Authors: C. Thibault, M. Gosset, F. Chamming'S, M. Lefrere-Belda, N. Pecuchet, L. Fournier, H. Roussel, S. Oudard, F. Lécuru, J. Medioni
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Case 22-1996
Authors: Steven M. Greenberg, Mark A. Edgar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Presentation of CaseA 69-year-old, right-handed woman was admitted to the hospital because of a left parieto-occipital hemorrhage during treatment with warfarin for transient cerebral ischemic attacks.The patient had been well until 30 months earlier, when she suddenly became unable to speak properly and experienced numbness in the right cheek. During the next 10 minutes, the numbness spread to the right arm and right leg, with weakness of the right side of the face, right arm, and right leg. The symptoms subsided in half an hour. The patient had six similar bouts during the next two months. Noninvasive carotid-artery . . .
Review: In women 50 to 69 y of age at average risk, mammography screening reduces breast cancer mortality
Authors: Steven C. Krager, Allan V. Prochazka
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Source Citation Nelson HD, Fu R, Cantor A, et al. Effectiveness of breast cancer screening: systematic review and meta-analysis to update the 2009 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation. Ann Intern Med. 2016;164:244-55. 26756588
Serious Complications of Peptic Ulcer after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Joseph C. Shipp, Victor W. Sidel, Robert M. Donaldson, Seymour J. Gray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

ACTIVATION or initiation of peptic ulcer has been reported in association with a number of acute illnesses or stress-producing situations. Although myocardial infarction represents a stressful state, activation of peptic ulcer during the acute phase of a myocardial infarction has rarely been reported.1 The manifestations of ulcer activity in the presence of myocardial infarction may range from mild pain to perforation and massive hemorrhage. Perforation and hemorrhage during an acute myocardial infarction assume added significance and present special problems in management. These complications are illustrated by the present report.The excretion of uropepsin and adrenocortical steroids during the acute and . . .
Analysis of Cardioportal Circulation Time by Means of Simultaneous Direct Hepatic Venous Counting
Authors: Ismael Mena, Leslie R. Bennett, Telfer B. Reynolds, Allan G. Redeker, Sherman M. Mellinkoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE determination of cardioportal circulation time has been reported to be a useful technic in the evaluation of portal hypertension.1 The cardioportal circulation time consists of the simultaneous external recording over the heart and liver of the passage of a radioactive bolus injected intravenously. After the bolus has passed through the heart, radioactivity is recorded over the liver in the form of a curve. This liver curve reflects the hepatic arterial and then the portal venous blood flow as one continuous recording. The hepatic arterial bolus is followed by a second wave of radioactivity that comes through the portal vein, . . .
M13 Clinical characteristics and management of patients presenting to the “Airways Clinic”; a specialised tertiary multi-disciplinary respiratory service
Authors: J Haines, A Vyas, C Slinger, N Cheyne, SJ Fowler
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Our specialist service manages patients with vocal cord dysfunction (VCD), chronic cough (CC) and dysfunctional breathing (DB), and referrals have grown exponentially since we introduced this novel multi-disciplinary (MDT) model in 2006. The team comprises two severe asthma specialist physicians, two respiratory speech and language therapists (rSLT), a severe asthma nurse specialist, respiratory physiotherapist and clinical psychologist. <h3>Aims</h3> To describe the clinical characteristics of those referred and assess utilisation of the multi-disciplinary structure. <h3>Methods</h3> Patient demographics and clinical data were retrospectively collated from clinical records of patients referred between January and December 2014. <h3>Results</h3> The service received 249 referrals. Excluding patients still in treatment or who failed to attend initial assessment, 141 complete data sets were available for analysis: 71% female; mean (range) age 55 (18–79) years. Assessment requests were for VCD (71%), CC (28%) or both (1%) and over half were from NW severe asthma centres or extra-regional specialist centres. The majority of referrals were from hospital consultants (72%), with the remainder from GPs (17%) and AHPs (11%). For VCD there was 73% agreement between the clinical suspicion on referral and nasendoscopic assessment. Approximately half had evidence of co-existent reflux (52%) and a third (29%) had nasal disease. The majority were seen by more than one member of the MDT team; all by a specialist physician and a rSLT, 43% by respiratory physiotherapy, and 7% clinical psychology. In the VCD cohort 64% had a previous asthma diagnosis and this was confirmed in the majority (93%) – 49(82%) were ≥Step 3 on BTS/SIGN guidelines; 43% were additionally referred for DB assessment; 78 flow volume loops were available and 31 (40%) were suggestive of extra thoracic inspiratory airway obstruction. Sixty-seven patients (48%) received rSLT management [median (range) 4(1–8) sessions] with a further 16(11%) scheduled to receive it post medical intervention. Of those who completed treatment, 63% had clinically improved presentation on discharge nasendoscopy. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A large proportion of patients referred to a specialist service for patients with complex breathlessness require multi-disciplinary intervention. There is a significant incidence of VCD and DB in patients with severe complex asthma. Of those receiving rSLT interventions, outcome was extremely effective at reducing symptoms.
Gall-Bladder Surgery in a Community Hospital
Authors: Richard H. Thompson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

IN A community hospital of 290 beds, the surgery of gall-bladder disease and its sequelae is common. In order to study the methods used and the progress in this type of surgery in the recent past, 500 operative cases were obtained from the files of the Salem Hospital in the following manner:A group study (Group A) of 250 consecutive cases was begun on January 1, 1938. This group covered the four years 1938 through 1941. A second group of equal size, and also consecutive, was obtained by working backward from December 31, 1949, and was found to extend back . . .
Case 28-2002
Authors: Deborah J. Hoadley, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Presentation of CaseA 35-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of pain and swelling of the right thigh.The patient had been in excellent health until the morning before admission, when she observed a “pimple” on her right thigh. During the course of the day, the lesion enlarged, with increasing pain, swelling, and erythema, and was accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and delirium. She was transported by air from the Caribbean and arrived at this hospital around midnight.The patient was married and resided with her husband on a Caribbean island, where her husband was employed. She was not . . .
Yolk Sac with Blood Island
Authors: I Katayama, H Kayano
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Figure 1. A 31-year-old woman who had had amenorrhea for 53 days was found to have a left tubal pregnancy. Ultrasonography (Panel A) demonstrated a gestational sac (GS) containing an embryo (E) and a yolk sac (YS). A cross section of the fallopian tube (Panel B; hematoxylin and eosin, ×9.1) reveals a chorionic cavity (CC) containing the yolk sac. The area outlined in Panel B is shown magnified in Panel C (hematoxylin and eosin, ×280), revealing the wall of the yolk sac and placenta (P) with an intervillous space (IS). The inset (hematoxylin and eosin, ×1500) shows maternal erythrocytes present . . .
Development and Validation of a Prognostic Score Involving Disease Status, Patient Age and Donor Type for Outcomes of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Fotios V. Michelis, Rouslan Kotchetkov, Aamir Azeem, Rebecca M. Grunwald, Jieun Uhm, Naheed Alam, Anna Lambie, Laura McGillis, David Loach, Vikas Gupta, John Kuruvilla, Jeffrey H. Lipton, Dennis D. Kim, Matthew D. Seftel, Hans A. Messner
Journal: Blood (2014)
IMCT-18PD-1 INHIBITORS FOR RECURENT HIGH GRADE GLIOMA (HGG)
Authors: Lauren Schaff, Laura Donovan, Andrew B. Lassman, Tony Wang, Richard Carvajal, Naiyer Rizvi, Alyson Fox, Fabio M. Iwamoto
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Treatment options for recurrent high grade gliomas (HGG) are limited. Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 are expressed in tumor lymphocytes and glioma cells and negatively regulate T-cell responses. PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are under investigation in the treatment of various malignancies, and pembrolizumab and nivolumab are available for off-label use. We retrospectively reviewed records of patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors off-label for recurrent HGG and explored safety and efficacy. There were 12 patients (7 men), median age 54 (range 18-69). Diagnoses included anaplastic astrocytoma (AA, 2) or glioblastoma (GBM, 10). All patients received prior radiotherapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ). PD-1 directed therapy with pembrolizumab 2mg/kg every 3 weeks (11) or nivolumab 3m/kg every 2 weeks (1) was administered for 2nd (3), 3rd (4), or 4th (5) recurrence. All patients received concurrent therapy with pembrolizumab or nivolumab. Combinations included bevacizumab (bev, 3), bev + nitrosoureas (2), and bev + RT, bev + TMZ + RT, bev + hydroxyurea + RT, bev + imatinib, bev + Novo-TTF, RT alone, and TMZ alone (1 each). Five patients were receiving corticosteroids (dexamethasone, 1.0-8.0mg/day) at the initiation of PD-1 directed therapy. Toxicities known to be associated with PD-1 inhibitors including transaminitis (3), hypothyroidism (2), hyperthyroidism (1) and hyponatremia (1) were observed. One patient discontinued therapy due to toxicity. No toxicities unique to patients with central nervous system malignancies were seen. Best observed responses by Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria include partial response (2), stable disease (4) and progressive disease (6). Three patients with initial progressive disease may have had pseudoprogression, as follow-up imaging revealed stabilization, response, or unknown (1 each). Responders remain controlled with follow-up from 1.9-7.1 months. Survival data is immature and will be presented. PD-1 inhibitors can be administered safely to patients with HGG concurrently with other therapies including re-irradiation.
A functional mechanistic study of the effect of emollients on the structure and function of the skin barrier
Authors: S.G. Danby, J. Chalmers, K. Brown, H.C. Williams, M.J. Cork
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

BackgroundPreventing relapses of atopic dermatitis (AD) through the regular use of topical products to repair the skin barrier defect is an emerging concept.It is still unclear if some commonly used emollients exert a positive effect on the skin barrier. ObjectivesTo determine the skin barrier effects of emollients commonly prescribed in the UK. MethodsTwo cohorts of volunteers with quiescent AD undertook observer-blind forearmcontrolled studies.The first (18 volunteers) treated the volar side of one forearm with 2 fingertip units of Doublebase TM gel twice daily for 4 weeks.The second cohort (19 volunteers) undertook the same regimen using Diprobase® cream.Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum integrity and hydration, skin-surface-pH and redness were determined at the test sites before and after treatment. ResultsNeither Diprobase® cream nor Doublebase TM gel significantly affected the underlying skin barrier function.Both emollients were associated with significantly increased skinsurface-pH immediately after application (by 0.8±0.19 and 1.0±0.18units respectively), and no erythema.Diprobase® cream artificially and transiently (6 hours) improved permeability barrier function by 2.9-3.1 g/m 2 /h TEWL and increased skin hydration by 6.0-6.2 units.Doublebase TM gel, containing humectants, was associated with a greater (between 10.1 and 13.0 units during the first 6 hours) and more sustained increase in hydration, lasting more than 12 hours following repeated use. ConclusionDiprobase® cream and Doublebase TM gel are not associated with skin barrier harm and appear to be appropriate for AD treatment.Whilst displaying emollient properties, neither formulation displayed an ability to actively improve sustained skin barrier function.
Age Curves of Central Nervous System Tumor Incidence in Adults: Variation of Shape by Histologic Type
Authors: J P Velema, C L Percy
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Data from nine population-based cancer registries from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program of the United States were used to study the incidence of individual histologic types of malignant central nervous system tumors by age and sex among adults. On a log-log scale, incidence increased linearly between the ages 35 and 64, with a slope that was not different between males and females or among registries but that varied by histologic type. The estimated slopes were 0.4 for ependymomas, 1.0 for oligodendrogliomas, 1.7 for astrocytomas, 2.8 for meningiomas, and 3.9 for glioblastomas. The rate at which incidence increased with age was significantly higher for glioblastomas than for other glial tumors. This finding suggests a different mechanism of carcinogenesis for glioblastomas than for other glial tumors.