tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case 34-1995
Authors: C. Fernandez-del Castillo, E. Ahmed
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Presentation of CaseA 77-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of chronic gastrointestinal bleeding with increasing weakness and dyspnea.There was a 17-year history of gastrointestinal bleeding with an undetermined source, despite extensive evaluation on multiple admissions to this hospital that were characteristically complicated by severe anemia, with hematocrit levels as low as 13 percent, and congestive heart failure. Seven of the hospitalizations were during the two years before the current admission, and the most recent was four months before the current admission. During the 10 years before admission, the patient had received approximately 240 transfusions. Detailed panendoscopic . . .
P1102 PREDICTION OF ADVANCED HEPATIC FIBROSIS, RESPONSE TO PEGYLATED INTERFERON PLUS RIBAVIRIN AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN EGYPTIAN HCV PATIENTS: A DATA MINING ANALYSIS
Authors: D. Omran, A.B. Awad, M. Mabrouk, N. Zayed, G. Esmat
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
P199 A study of symptoms and pathways to treatment in lung cancer patients
Authors: U. Dernedde, R. Banham, Z. Tasigiannopoulos, T. Roques, A. Wilson, A. Clark, C. Martin
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Cancer targets promote shorter times within secondary care. However, primary care delays may be longer. Our aim was to study symptoms by asking patients themselves to record their own and any perceived delays in their pathway to treatment. <h3>Methods</h3> 259 lung cancer patients were invited, at their first oncology visit, to complete questionnaires derived from the EORTC -LC13, including urgent and systemic symptoms and to date their start to the nearest week, when they saw their GP, whether they delayed doing so and why and how often they saw their GP before being referred for CXR or to secondary care. The GP was also mailed. <h3>Results</h3> Mean within-patient delay was 81 days (median 24). Mean delay from seeing GP to MDT meeting was 115 days (median 70), mean delay from MDT to oncology treatment was 25 days (median 15). 38% of patients admitted having delayed to see their GP. Commonest reasons were worry, denial, being too busy or family reasons. 38% patients were referred for CXR/to secondary care on their first GP visit, 49% on 2nd–3rdvisit, 12% four visits or more. Analysis of variance showed no relation between stage and time to oncology. Initially, cough, dyspnoea, haemoptysis, chest pain, sputum were present in 29%, 30%, 11%, 9% and 13% of patients respectively. However, when patients were seen at oncology, these had risen to 76%, 78%, 30%, 41% and 61% respectively. Staging was available in 255 patients with stage I, II, III and IV as 6%, 8%, 40% and 46% respectively. Systemic symptoms were frequent: asthenia 64%, weight loss 60%, anorexia 47%, dry mouth 41% and altered taste 35%. Anorexia, xerostomia, altered taste, pain other than chest pain, analgesic usage and dysphagia were each correlated with stage IV rather than I–III tumours (all p&lt;0.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> 1) Delay within-patient was significantly longer than within-oncology (p&lt;0.0001). 2) Over 60% patients visited their GP more than once. 3) Delay and stage were unrelated in our study. 4) Chest symptoms increased considerably during the pathway to treatment. 5) A number of common symptoms were associated with advanced disease.
Transdiaphragmatic Intercostal Herniation of the Gallbladder
Authors: Gaurav Sharma, Reza Askari
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

An 82-year-old man presented with episodic pain and a bulge along the right costal margin. He had undergone a minithoracotomy 4 years earlier for biopsy of recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma in the right lung.
LIPOPROTEIN(A) IN FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA WITH PCSK9 GAIN-OF-FUNCTION MUTATIONS
Authors: Hayato Tada, Masa-Aki Kawashiri, Atsushi Nohara, Akihiro Inazu, Hiroshi Mabuchi, Masakazu Yamagishi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Immediate Coronary Angiography in Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Christian M. Spaulding, Luc-Marie Joly, Alain Rosenberg, Mehran Monchi, Simon N. Weber, Jean-François A. Dhainaut, Pierre Carli
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

The incidence of acute coronary-artery occlusion among patients with sudden cardiac arrest outside of the hospital is unknown, and the role of reperfusion therapy has not been determined. We therefore performed immediate coronary angiography and angioplasty when indicated in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.Between September 1994 and August 1996, coronary angiography was performed in 84 consecutive patients between the ages of 30 and 75 years who had no obvious noncardiac cause of cardiac arrest.Sixty of the 84 patients had clinically significant coronary disease on angiography, 40 of whom had coronary-artery occlusion (48 percent). Angioplasty was attempted in 37 patients and was technically successful in 28. Clinical and electrocardiographic findings, such as the occurrence of chest pain and the presence of ST-segment elevation, were poor predictors of acute coronary-artery occlusion. The in-hospital survival rate was 38 percent. Multivariate logistic-regression analysis revealed that successful angioplasty was an independent predictor of survival (odds ratio, 5.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 24.5; P=0.04).Acute coronary-artery occlusion is frequent in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and is predicted poorly by clinical and electrocardiographic findings. Accurate diagnosis by immediate coronary angiography can be followed in suitable candidates by coronary angioplasty, which seems to improve survival.
Three cases of panic disorder with agoraphobia in children
Authors: J C Ballenger, D J Carek, J J Steele, D Cornish-McTighe
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

The authors report three cases of panic disorder with agoraphobia in children, with characteristic panic attacks, separation anxiety, and fear and avoidance of crowds and public places. The panic and agoraphobic symptoms responded to medications effective with agoraphobic adults, i.e., imipramine and alprazolam.
Dietary adequacy in tobacco-user and non-user households in Bangladesh
Authors: Mandeep K Virk-Baker, Mark Parascandola
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2016)

Background Researchers have found dietary differences between people who smoke tobacco and those who do not, with lower intakes of fish, fruits, and vegetables in smokers. However, most of these studies are from developed countries, and less is known about the effects of tobacco on diet in developing countries where malnutrition is an important public-health challenge. Furthermore, the effect of smokeless tobacco on diet are not known. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effect of tobacco use on diet in a developing country.
Abstract 1187: The role of PI3K as a biomarker
Authors: Michael Amatulli, Laura A. Brennan, Dhanvanthri S. Deevi, Marie Prewett, James R. Tonra, Keren Paz
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway has been implicated in tumorigenesis. Evidence over the past years suggests a pivotal role for the catalytic subunit, PIK3CA, in human cancers. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) on the cell surface are key regulators of PI3K activity, and RTK antagonists have demonstrated significant anticancer effects in animal models and in patients. However, among tumor harboring activating mutations of PIK3CA, the therapeutic value of RTK antagonists may be compromised. The mutation status of PIK3CA may, therefore, serve as a potential biomarker for both prognosis and response to RTK inhibitors. Somatic mutations of the pik3ca gene occur primarily in three hot spots, E542K, E545K (exon 9) and H1047R (exon 20). These mutations are detected in a broad spectrum of cancer indications including breast, colorectal and lung. This study was designed to explore the nature of PIK3CA mutations among numerous human cancer cell lines, utilizing mostly cells with the capacity to form tumors in mice. Primers corresponding to exon 9 and 20 of human pik3ca gene were designed. Genomic DNA was harvested from over 200 lines, derived from different human cancer indications. The pik3ca locus was sequenced and its WT or mutation status was determined. Of these cells, 8% presented mutations equally distributed between exon 9 and 20. The frequency of PIK3CA mutations was particularly high among colon cancer lines, with fewer incidences among lung, breast and ovarian cancer lines. Interestingly, 50% of the PIK3CA mutated lines presented a concurrent mutation of either KRAS or BRAF. The capacity of PIK3CA mutation-bearing cell lines to respond to RTK blockers was then evaluated, and the mechanism contributing to such phenomenon was further discussed. These results stress PI3K diagnosis value and its potential role as a valid biomarker for patient susceptibility. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1187.
Association of Platelet-Activating Factor with Primary Acquired Cold Urticaria
Authors: Karen E. Grandel, Richard S. Farr, Alan A. Wanderer, Thomas C. Eisenstadt, Stephen I. Wasserman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

We investigated the possibility that the inflammatory reaction in primary acquired cold urticaria might be associated with the release of platelet-activating factor. Six patients with the disease and five normal controls were subjected to cold-water challenges during which blood samples were obtained for measurement of the release of possible mediators: i.e., histamine, neutrophilic chemotactic activity, and platelet-activating factor-like lipid (PAF-LL). Four of the patients had pronounced experimentally induced cold urticaria with angioedema and release of mediators. Levels of the three mediators were not elevated in five normal controls or in two patients in whom cold challenges induced only mild urticaria and angioedema. The effective suppression of cold-induced urticaria in three patients treated with doxepin correlated with inhibition of PAF-LL release but not inhibition of histamine or neutrophilic chemotactic activity release. These data suggest a positive correlation between PAF-LL release and cold urticaria, although the exact relation between PAF-LL and cutaneous lesions of primary acquired cold urticaria has not yet been established.
BM-36 * MICROENVIRONMENT-DEPENDENT CHANGES TO THE MATURE microRNA EXPRESSION PROFILE OF BREAST CANCER CELLS METASTATIC TO THE BRAIN
Authors: L. A. Wheeler, A. Bronisz, E. Chiocca
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common source of metastatic lesions to the CNS, yet the mechanisms by which metastatic BC cells (BMET) survive in the brain remain poorly understood. Given their ability to regulate the expression of multiple mRNA targets, microRNAs (miRNA) may play a critical role. miRNA dysregulation has been observed in both primary and metastatic tumors, and can be actively exchanged between cancer cells and the surrounding stroma via extracellular vesicles (EVs). Our overall hypothesis is that microRNAs released by BMETs are important mediators of communication between tumor and stromal astrocytes (SAs), resulting in measurable changes to the miRNA and target gene expression profile of both donor and recipient cells. Identified miRNA signatures could serve as important biomarkers of metastatic potential and provide new targets for novel therapeutic interventions. Here, we use an in vitro co-culture model to characterize the miRNA signature of BMETs, SAs, and the EVs exchanged between them. We show that the mature miRNA expression profiles could reliably distinguish between BMETs cultured in isolation or co-cultured with astrocytes. Isolated EVs showed enrichment for a specific set of miRNAs, which were differentially expressed between BMETs and SAs. A subset of these miRNAs, not normally expressed in BMETs, was particularly abundant in EVs. They were not transcriptionally induced, implicating EV-mediated transport from SAs to BC cells. Bio-informatic analysis revealed multiple miRNA targets in the pro-apoptotic pathway, which were validated by qPCR and WB. Functional analysis revealed that over-expression protected cells from apoptosis, while miRNA-knockdown induced it. Thus, infiltrating BMETs can harness anti-apoptotic miRNAs from reactive astrocytes, thereby promoting survival and growth. This work identifies novel targets for therapeutic intervention, which could prevent micrometastases from progressing to clinically relevant lesions in the brain. These findings are currently being tested in vivo using a mouse xenograft model.
THU0211 Combination of Intra-Articular Steroid Injection and Etanercept More Effective Than Etanercept in Rapid Radiographic Progression Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized, Open Label, X Ray Reader Blinded Study
Authors: K. Kume, K. Amano, S. Yamada, T. Kanazawa, H. Ohta, K. Hatta
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) should aim at full remission. However, recent publications described rapid radiographic progression (<b>RRP</b>) existed despite initial biologics and methotrexate combination therapy in early RA. In RRP, initial biologics and methotrexate might be inadequate. <h3>Objectives</h3> To compare remission and radiographic non-progression in RRP patients treated with etanercept(ETN) or with infliximab plus intra-articular steroid injection. <h3>Methods</h3> We designed a single-blind(X ray reader and assessment physician), randomized controlled trial. We screened 52RRP (CRP&gt; 35mg/L, and ACPA+) early (disease duration&lt;6 months) RA patients for inclusion. 36 were randomly allocated ETN group (E group) or ETN plus intra-articular steroid injection group (E plus I group). All patients were taking methotrexate (from 12 to 22mg a week). For I plus I group, palpate examinations of both MP and PIP joints, wrists, elbows, shoulders, and knees were performed every 4 weeks. If swollen joints were existed, intra-articular steroid injections were intensified in each swollen joints.<b>Co-</b>primary endpoints were proportion of patients showing clinical remission (SDAI &lt;3.3) and radiographic non-progression (Δ modified total Sharp score ≤0.5) at 52 weeks. Analysis was by intention-to-treat with last observation carried forward to missing data. <h3>Results</h3> The characteristics of each group at baseline were not significantly different. Clinical remission at 52weeks was achieved by more patients in the E plus I group (29%) than in the E group (21%) (p&lt;0.05). Radiographic non-progression at 52 weeks was achieved by more patients in the E plus I group (31%) than in the E group (22%) (p&lt;0.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Results of this reveal that combination of intra-articular steroid injection and ETN can achieve a high clinical and radiological remission rate in early RRP RA. <h3>References</h3> Effectiveness of initial treatment allocation based on expert opinion for prevention of rapid radiographic progression in daily practice of an early RA cohort. Durnez A, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011 Apr;70(4):634-7. Epub 2010 Dec 21. A matrix risk model for the prediction of rapid radiographic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving different dynamic treatment strategies: post hoc analyses from the BeSt study. Visser K, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Jul;69(7):1333-7. Epub 2010 May 24. A pilot risk model for the prediction of rapid radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis. Vastesaeger N, et al. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009 Sep;48(9):1114-21. Epub 2009 Jul 9. Review. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract 182: Tumor suppressor microRNA-493 decreases cell motility and migration ability in human bladder cancer cells by down-regulating RhoC and FZD4
Authors: Koji Ueno, Hiroshi Hirata, Shahana Majid, Soichiro Yamamura, Varahram Shahryari, Z. Laura Tabatabai, Yuji Hinoda, Rajvir Dahiya
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction and Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify new tumor suppressor microRNAs in bladder cancer to carry out functional analysis of their suppressive role and identify their specific target genes. Methods: To identify tumor suppressor microRNAs in bladder cancer, microRNA microarray was performed using SV-HUC-1, T24, J82 and TCCSUP cells. Based on the microRNA microarray, 10 microRNAs were selected and expression levels confirmed using real-time PCR. The function of miR-493 was measured by MTS, cell cycle, migration, and wound healing assays using T24 and J82 cells. Based on the observation that miR-493 affects cell motility and migration, we searched for target genes of miR-493 related to motility and migration using a target scan algorithm, identified RhoC and FZD4 and performed 3′UTR luciferase assays. To examine whether RhoC and FZD4 affects T24 and J82 cell migration, RhoC siRNA, FZD4 siRNA or control siRNA was transfected into T24 and J82 cells and migration, and wound healing assays were performed. We also analyzed whether over-expression of miR-493 affects the binding of RhoC to Rock-1by immunoprecipitation at 72 hr after transfection in T24 cells. Results: Expression of miR-493 in bladder cancer (T24, J82 and TCCSUP) cells was down-regulated compared to normal SV-HUC-1 cells. Also the expression of miR-493 was significantly lower in human bladder cancer tissues than in their corresponding non-cancerous tissues. Transfection of miR-493 into T24 and J82 cells decreased cell growth and migration abilities. To identify potential miR-493 target genes, we used target scan algorithms to identify target oncogenes (FZD4 and RhoC) related to invasion and migration. MiR-493 decreased 3′UTR luciferase activity and protein expression of FZD4 and RhoC. Cell migration was significantly decreased by 35 to 50% in RhoC and FZD4 siRNA transfectants compared with control cells. MiR-493 also decreased binding of RhoC and Rock-1. Conclusions: MiR-493 is a new tumor suppressor microRNA in bladder cancer and inhibits cell motility through down-regulation of RhoC and FZD4. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 182. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-182
Fatal Hepatic and Bronchial Necrosis in Adenovirus Infection with Thymic Alymphoplasia
Authors: H. Joachim Wigger, William A. Blanc
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

ADENOVIRUSES have been isolated from symptomless infants and children as well as from patients with mild febrile inflammatory processes involving the conjunctivas, upper respiratory tract, lungs and intestine.1 In general, the prognosis at all ages is good. However, some fatalities in infants and small children with adenovirus pneumonia have been reported from various countries.1 , 2 Predisposing factors are assumed to be responsible for the occasional severity of the adenovirus infection.3 4 5 A decreased host resistance associated with thymic alymphoplasia and congenital agammaglobulinemia is believed to have been responsible for the development of a disseminated adenovirus (Type 2) infection in this patient, the . . .
Rural and urban microbiota
Authors: Alexander V Tyakht, Dmitry G Alexeev, Anna S Popenko, Elena S Kostryukova, Vadim M Govorun
Journal: Gut Microbes (2014)

A multitude of metagenomic studies has brought to light an enormous richness of human gut microbiota compositions. In this space of possible configurations, clinical specialists are trying to mine the markers of healthy microbiota via case-control and longitudinal studies. We have discovered potentially beneficial communities while examining the microbial diversity in rural Russians in comparison with the urban dwellers. In this addendum, we further examine the data by elaborating on some of the less common types and suggesting the possible co-metabolism of their drivers. In the light of the first validated clinically effective bacterial transplantation, we discuss the concept of a reference healthy microbiota, outline the problems encountered on the way to its restoration in the developed world, and speculate if rural communities can serve as a source for its prototype.
Endoscopic findings of immune thrombocytopenic purpura: “gastric footprints”
Authors: Rosa Coelho, Amadeu Nunes, Guilherme Macedo
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Idiopathic or immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an acquired disorder characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia. The pathogenesis is related to increased platelet destruction along with the inhibition of megakaryocyte platelet production [1]. The diagnosis is made after other causes of thrombocytopenia have been excluded [2]. The clinical manifestations are usually mucocutaneous; however, as in our case, severe bleeding – for example, gastrointestinal bleeding – can occur [3].