tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STUDIES IN AGGLUTINATION
Authors: Gerald S. Shibley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

1. The effect of immune serum upon the electrical charge on bacteria has been studied. 2. Immune agglutinating serum possesses a specific charge-reducing effect which is quantitatively related to the agglutination titer of the serum. This effect is lost when the serum loses its agglutinating power, that is after adsorption of agglutinin by homologous bacteria; adsorption by heterologous organisms does not affect this property. 3. A highly protective, non-agglutinating serum did not show this specific charge-reducing effect. 4. It is suggested that the reaction may have practical diagnostic application. 5. The findings of Northrop and De Kruif, that unsensitized and sensitized bacteria agglutinate only when the charge on the bacteria has been reduced to a critical potential zone lying between +15 and -15 millivolts, have been confirmed in the case of all electrolytes tested except Na(2)HPO(4). 6. When Na(2)HPO(4)or phosphate buffer solutions are used as electrolytes, specific bacterial agglutination occurs at negative charges well above -15 millivolts, and with serum in high dilution, specific agglutination takes place without any observable reduction of charge.
Overcoming Drug Resistance in Cancer Cells With Synthetic Isoprenoids&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T Yamaguchi, M Nakagawa, N Shiraishi, T Yoshida, T Kiyosue, M Arita, S Akiyama, M Kuwano
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

A cultured subline (P388/ADM) of mouse P388 leukemia resistant to doxorubicin, vinblastine, vincristine, dactinomycin, and daunorubicin became sensitive again when treated with noncytotoxic doses of either of two synthetic isoprenoids: N-solanesyl-N,N'-bis(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)ethylenediamine (SDB-ethylenediamine) and N-(p-methylbenzyl)decaprenylamine X HCI (PMB-decaprenylamine). The isoprenoids also reversed resistance to doxorubicin and vincristine in a cultured vincristine-resistant P388 leukemia subline (P388/VCR). Median lethal doses (LD50) for PMB-decaprenylamine and SDB-ethylenediamine administered ip were 123 and 350 mg/kg against mice, whereas the LD50 for verapamil, another modifier of cellular drug resistance, was about 7.6 mg/kg. In vivo experiments with P388/VCR-bearing mice showed that both SDB-ethylenediamine and verapamil overcame vincristine resistance, but PMB-decaprenylamine showed only slight activity. SDB-ethylenediamine was especially effective, overcoming the vincristine resistance at 1 mg drug/kg. Since the structure of SDB-ethylenediamine resembles that of verapamil, a calcium-blocking agent that overcomes drug resistance, it was checked for calcium-blocking activity. However, calcium channel-blocking activity was not observed with 20 micrograms isoprenoid/ml, whereas calcium channel activity was completely blocked by 1 microgram verapamil/ml.
An Elderly Unresponsive Patient
Authors: Rahman Shah, Abdul Rashid, Adam Mizeracki
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Morphology and Visual Acuity in Aflibercept and Ranibizumab Therapy for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the VIEW Trials
Authors: Sebastian M. Waldstein, Christian Simader, Giovanni Staurenghi, N. Victor Chong, Paul Mitchell, Glenn J. Jaffe, Chengxing Lu, Todd A. Katz, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth
Journal: Ophthalmology (2016)
The Bearded Lady
Authors: John B. Sears
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

ON the outskirts of Toledo, in Spain, I discovered the Palace of the Duchess of Lerma, once the Hospital of San Juan Bautista, founded by Cardinal Archbishop Juan Pardo de Tavera as a general hospital. The first stone was placed in 1541, and the chapel finished by 1624. After the recent Civil War it was restored and converted into an orphanage by the present Duchess of Lerma, who reserved one wing as her residence.The old caretaker guided me indifferently and in silence. Thus, I knew nothing about the history of the edifice and was not prepared to find, in . . .
Inhibitors Of B-Cell Receptor Molecules Affect Surface CD20 and Impair Antitumor Activity Of Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Kamil Bojarczuk, Magdalena Winiarska, Malgorzata Bobrowicz, Michal Dwojak, Nina Miazek, Piotr Zapala, Dimitar G Efremov, Jakub Golab
Journal: Blood (2013)
Team Rwanda: will Africans dominate professional road cycling in the future?
Authors: Jean Nyakayiru, Lex B Verdijk, Naomi M Cermak, Luc J C van Loon
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

Kenya-born cyclist Chris Froome has once again won the Tour de France. Although the current title-holder is not a native Kenyan, some believe that the multiday stage race will one day be won by a cyclist with East-African roots. In 2015, the world got a glimpse of what might become a common sight in future editions of the Tour. The latest edition of the event introduced MTN-Qhubeka (currently known as Team Dimension Data for Qhubeka) as its first professional African cycling team ever to participate. The team's Eritrean cyclist Daniel Teklehaimanot exceeded all expectations by becoming the first native African to win the King of the Mountains classification of Criterium du Dauphine, as well as by claiming the polka dot jersey in the early stages of the tour a few weeks later. But are riders such as Daniel Teklehaimanot and his Rwandan team-mate Adrien Niyonshuti the first of many native Africans who will soon be dominating professional road cycling? Besides the fact that most African countries lack a well-embedded cycling culture, with the exception of Daniel Teklehaimanot's Eritrea, do native African cyclists have what it takes to become elite cyclists? To the best of …
A Phase 1B/2, Multicenter, Open Label Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-Vec) and Ipilimumab (Ipi) Versus Ipi Alone in Previously Untreated, Unresected, Stage Iiib, Iiic, and Iv Melanoma
Authors: F.A. Collichio, M. Milhem, R.H. Andtbacka, I. Puzanov, Y. Saenger, J. Chesney, L. Cranmer, O. Hamid, T. Logan, J. Glaspy, C. Lebbé, C. Garbe, J. Gansert, A. Li, J. Chou, H. Kaufman
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Outpatient treatment of schizophrenia
Authors: N Hansell, G L Willis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

The authors discuss the treatment of 575 schizophrenic patients over the past 15 years. They describe a shift the patients have experiences from reliance on inpatient treatment to heavy use of outpatient services. The have found that effective outpatient treatment for these patients involves a program of nearly continuous administration of neuroleptic medication combined with counseling and social and crisis services. A major component of the outpatient management of these schizophrenic patients is the education of the patients in how to regulate their own medication within a prescribed range. This educational component appears to add a measure of precision that enhances the safety and reliability of the treatment program.
Diagnostic accuracy and prognostic significance of blood fibrosis tests and liver stiffness measurement by FibroScan in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Jérôme Boursier, Julien Vergniol, Anne Guillet, Jean-Baptiste Hiriart, Adrien Lannes, Brigitte Le Bail, Sophie Michalak, Faiza Chermak, Sandrine Bertrais, Juliette Foucher, Frédéric Oberti, Maude Charbonnier, Isabelle Fouchard-Hubert, Marie-Christine Rousselet, Paul Calès, Victor de Lédinghen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
Prognostic and predictive impact of biologic classification by qRT-PCR with a 50-gene subtype predictor (PAM50) for adjuvant tamoxifen in premenopausal breast cancer: Results from the NCIC CTG MA.12 randomized trial.
Authors: S. K. Chia, K. Ung, V. H. Bramwell, D. Tu, C. M. Perou, M. J. Ellis, P. S. Bernard, T. Vickery, L. E. Shepherd, T. O. Nielsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

508 Background: Gene expression profiling has reclassified breast cancer into intrinsic subtypes based on the biology of the underlying disease pathways. We have utilized material from a prospective randomized trial of tamoxifen versus placebo in premenopausal women with primary breast cancer who have completed adjuvant chemotherapy (NCIC CTG MA.12) in order to evaluate the prognostic and predictive significance of intrinsic subtypes as classified by both the PAM50 gene set and an IHC panel of biomarkers. Methods: Total RNA from 399/672 (59%) patients were available for intrinsic subtyping with a 50 gene predictor (PAM50) by qRT-PCR for luminal A, luminal B, HER-2 enriched and basal like subtypes. A tissue microarray (TMA) was also constructed from 492/672 (72%) of the study population to assess a panel of six IHC antibodies (ER, PR, HER2, EGFR, CK 5/6 and Ki67), with established cut-offs, to define the same intrinsic subtypes. Results: There were no apparent differences in baseline characteristics between all patients randomized to the trial and patients with either PAM50 or IHC datasets. PAM50 by qRT- PCR classified 35% as luminal A, 21% luminal B, 18% HER2-enriched and 21% basal-like. Intrinsic subtypes as classified by the PAM50 assay was clearly prognostic for both RFS (p = 0.0003) and OS (p = 0.0002), whereas classification by the IHC panel was not (p = 0.63 and 0.11 for RFS and OS respectively). Luminal subtypes by PAM50 was predictive of tamoxifen benefit (RFS: HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.35-0.90 vs HR 0.80; 95% CI 0.49-1.30 for non-luminal subtypes), though the interaction test was not significant (p = 0.35), whereas neither subtyping by central IHC panel (HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.51-1.09) nor by local ER status was predictive of tamoxifen benefit. Risk of relapse (ROR) modeling with the PAM50 assay will be presented. Conclusions: In the MA.12 study, intrinsic biological classification by qRT-PCR with the PAM50 assay is superior to IHC profiling for both prognosis, and prediction of benefit from hormone therapy. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration University Genomics Bioclassifier LLC
The impact of ECOG performance status on quality of life symptoms in patients with advanced lung cancer
Authors: T. Hensing, D. Cella, S. Yount
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

8099 Background: Performance status (PS) is a measure of a patient's ability to function normally without rest, PS has prognostic significance in many tumor types. PS is assumed to correlate with a patient's symptoms, but few studies have specifically evaluated symptom burden by PS. The current analysis was undertaken to explore the relationship between disease symptoms, quality of life (QOL), and PS rating in patients with lung cancer. Methods: Patient data from two databases (BIOQOL and Q-score), maintained by Evanston Northwestern Healthcare,were pooled for analysis. Patients completed the FACT-L (n = 307), which is a 34-item questionnaire assessing physical, functional, and emotional aspects of QOL. Of these 34 questions, 17 reflect general physical (5), emotional (5), and lung cancer specific (7) symptoms. The prevalence of these 17 symptoms was evaluated across 5 PS categories. Responses of "quite a bit" and "very much" were designated as clinically significant. Patients' responses to QOL questionnaires were used to compare the relationship between patient-reported PS and clinically significant disease symptoms. Results: Increasing disease-related symptoms correlate with increasing PS rating. The number of symptoms reported by patients with advanced lung cancer was greater with higher PS score (mean number of 17 specific emotional and physical symptoms: PS0 = 3.14, PS1 = 3.49, PS2 = 4.66, PS3 = 5.30, PS4 = 6.55). The number of significant symptoms increased with increasing PS (% of patients with ≥3 symptoms: PS0 = 49%, PS1 = 70%, PS2 = 76%, PS3 = 77%, PS4 = 99%). Conclusions: The incidence of clinically significant symptoms is greater in poor-PS patients than in patients that have good PS. Given the prevalence of poor PS in patients with lung cancer, research specifically designed for these patients should be encouraged, particularly with treatments that can provide symptomatic relief. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Pharmacologic Treatment of Insomnia Disorder: An Evidence Report for a Clinical Practice Guideline by the American College of Physicians
Authors: Timothy J. Wilt, Roderick MacDonald, Michelle Brasure, Carin M. Olson, Maureen Carlyle, Erika Fuchs, Imran S. Khawaja, Susan Diem, Erin Koffel, Jeannine Ouellette, Mary Butler, Robert L. Kane
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Background: Pharmacologic interventions are often prescribed for insomnia disorder. Purpose: To assess the benefits, harms, and comparative effectiveness of pharmacologic treatments for adults with insomnia disorder. Data Sources: Several electronic databases (2004–September 2015), reference lists, and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) documents. Study Selection: 35 randomized, controlled trials of at least 4 weeks' duration that evaluated pharmacotherapies available in the United States and that reported global or sleep outcomes; 11 long-term observational studies that reported harm information; FDA review data for nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics and orexin receptor antagonists; and product labels for all agents. Data Extraction: Data extraction by single investigator confirmed by a second reviewer; dual-investigator assessment of risk of bias; consensus determination of strength of evidence. Data Synthesis: Eszopiclone, zolpidem, and suvorexant improved short-term global and sleep outcomes compared with placebo, although absolute effect sizes were small (low- to moderate-strength evidence). Evidence for benzodiazepine hypnotics, melatonin agonists, and antidepressants, and for most pharmacologic interventions in older adults, was insufficient or low strength. Evidence was also insufficient to compare efficacy within or across pharmacotherapy classes or versus behavioral therapy. Harms evidence reported in trials was judged insufficient or low strength; observational studies suggested that use of hypnotics for insomnia was associated with increased risk for dementia, fractures, and major injury. The FDA documents reported that most pharmacotherapies had risks for cognitive and behavioral changes, including driving impairment, and other adverse effects, and they advised dose reduction in women and in older adults. Limitations: Most trials were small and short term and enrolled individuals meeting stringent criteria. Minimum important differences in outcomes were often not established or reported. Data were scant for many treatments. Conclusion: Eszopiclone, zolpidem, and suvorexant may improve short-term global and sleep outcomes for adults with insomnia disorder, but the comparative effectiveness and long-term efficacy of pharmacotherapies for insomnia are not known. Pharmacotherapies for insomnia may cause cognitive and behavioral changes and may be associated with infrequent but serious harms. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (PROSPERO: CRD42014009908)
Eosinophil Function
Authors: Anthony E. Butterworth, John R. David
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

A MEETING held at Brook Lodge last year, in celebration of the 100th anniversary of Paul Ehrlich's description of the eosinophil, revealed a recent upsurge of interest in the functional properties of this cell.1 Two particular attributes now appear to distinguish the eosinophil from the neutrophil and from other leukocytes: the first is an ability to inactivate mediators released from mast cells and thereby modulate or dampen down reactions associated with IgE-mediated degranulation of mast cells, and the second is an ability to damage the larval stages of some helminth parasites, especially Schistosoma mansoni. This article reviews the physiologic . . .
Efficacy and Tolerability Of Frontline Oral Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide Combination Therapy For Elderly Patients With Chronic B-Cell Lymphocytic Leukaemia and Low Grade Non Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Micaela Bergamaschi, Laura Mitscheunig, Fabio Guolo, Anna Ghiso, Federica Galaverna, Maurizio Miglino, Marino Clavio, Filippo Ballerini, Letizia Canepa, Roberto Lemoli, Marco Gobbi, Ivana Pierri
Journal: Blood (2013)
Comprehensive Genetic Characterization of Pediatric T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Kristina Karrman, Anders Castor, Mikael Behrendtz, Erik Forestier, Linda Olsson, Mats Ehinger, Andrea Biloglav, Thoas Fioretos, Kajsa Paulsson, Bertil Johansson
Journal: Blood (2014)
Indications for Minimally Invasive Surgery for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Ernest S. Han, Mark Wakabayashi
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2011)

Epithelial ovarian cancer is often diagnosed in advanced stages and typically managed with surgical debulking followed by chemotherapy. For patients with presumed early-stage ovarian cancer, comprehensive surgical staging is essential for management, because 31% are upstaged. Over the past 15 years, minimally invasive techniques have improved and are increasingly being used to treat patients with ovarian cancer. Currently, only retrospective data support laparoscopic staging of patients with a suspicious adnexal mass or those surgically diagnosed with presumed early-stage ovarian cancer. Laparoscopy is also used in patients undergoing second-look procedures and to help evaluate whether patients should undergo optimal tumor debulking procedures or be initially managed with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Randomized clinical studies are needed to further support the role of minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Ethical, psychosocial, and public policy implications of procuring organs from non-heart-beating cadaver donors
Authors: S. J. Youngner
Journal: JAMA (1993)

A SHORTAGE of transplantable organs is a constant and frustrating reality. With continued progress in organ transplantation, the demand for transplants, and thus the need for organs, has increased markedly. The result is an increasing shortage of organs and longer waiting lists for transplantation. As of May 7, 1993, there were 31 303 people awaiting organ transplants (Dave Lohrey, United Network for Organ Sharing Data Base, oral communication, May 7,1993). One third of patients awaiting liver or heart transplants currently will die awaiting an organ, while patients awaiting renal transplants must tolerate a less acceptable quality of life undergoing dialysis.1  Most organs come from patients who have been declared dead by neurological criteria—ie, they have irreversibly lost all brain function and their bodies are being maintained on ventilators in intensive care units. They are commonly referred to as heart-beating cadaver donors (HBCDs) because their hearts are beating at the
Phase II Study of Radiotherapy and Temsirolimus versus Radiochemotherapy with Temozolomide in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma without <i>MGMT</i> Promoter Hypermethylation (EORTC 26082)
Authors: Wolfgang Wick, Thierry Gorlia, Pierre Bady, Michael Platten, Martin J. van den Bent, Martin J.B. Taphoorn, Jonathan Steuve, Alba A. Brandes, Marie-France Hamou, Antje Wick, Markus Kosch, Michael Weller, Roger Stupp, Patrick Roth, Vassilis Golfinopoulos, Jean-Sebastien Frenel, Mario Campone, Damien Ricard, Christine Marosi, Salvador Villa, Astrid Weyerbrock, Kirsten Hopkins, Krisztian Homicsko, Benoit Lhermitte, Gianfranco Pesce, Monika E. Hegi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

EORTC 26082 assessed the activity of temsirolimus in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma harboring an unmethylated O6 methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter.Patients (n = 257) fulfilling eligibility criteria underwent central MGMT testing. Patients with MGMT unmethylated glioblastoma (n = 111) were randomized 1:1 between standard chemo-radiotherapy with temozolomide or radiotherapy plus weekly temsirolimus (25 mg). Primary endpoint was overall survival at 12 months (OS12). A positive signal was considered >38 patients alive at 12 months in the per protocol population. A noncomparative reference arm of 54 patients evaluated the assumptions on OS12 in a standard-treated cohort of patients. Prespecified post hoc analyses of markers reflecting target activation were performed.Both therapies were administered per protocol with a median of 13 cycles of maintenance temsirolimus. Median age was 55 and 58 years in the temsirolimus and standard arms, the WHO performance status 0 or 1 for most patients (95.5%). In the per protocol population, 38 of 54 patients treated with temsirolimus reached OS12. The actuarial 1-year survival was 72.2% [95% confidence interval (CI), 58.2-82.2] in the temozolomide arm and 69.6% (95% CI, 55.8-79.9) in the temsirolimus arm [hazard ratio (HR) 1.16; 95% CI, 0.77-1.76; P = 0.47]. In multivariable prognostic analyses of clinical and molecular factors, phosphorylation of mTORSer2448 in tumor tissue (HR 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04-0.47; P = 0.002), detected in 37.6%, was associated with benefit from temsirolimus.Temsirolimus was not superior to temozolomide in patients with an unmethylated MGMT promoter. Phosphorylation of mTORSer2448 in the pretreatment tumor tissue may define a subgroup benefitting from mTOR inhibition. Clin Cancer Res; 22(19); 4797-806. ©2016 AACR.
Prevalence of borderline personality symptoms in two groups of obese subjects
Authors: R A Sansone, L A Sansone, D W Morris
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of borderline personality symptoms and self-harm behavior in two distinct groups of obese subjects.Obese women, 17 from an eating disorders program and 60 from a primary care setting, were administered the borderline personality scale of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire--Revised, the Diagnostic Interview for Borderline Patients, and the Self-Harm Inventory.There was a significant between-group difference on all study measures, with subjects in the eating disorders program displaying more psychopathology.Study group membership appears to have a significant effect on the prevalence of psychopathology in obese women.