tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Glucocorticoids Acutely Increase Brown Adipose Tissue Activity in Humans, Revealing Species-Specific Differences in UCP-1 Regulation
Authors: Lynne E. Ramage, Murat Akyol, Alison M. Fletcher, John Forsythe, Mark Nixon, Roderick N. Carter, Edwin J.R. van Beek, Nicholas M. Morton, Brian R. Walker, Roland H. Stimson
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2016)

Highlights•Glucocorticoids acutely increase but chronically suppress BAT activity in humans•Glucocorticoids increase UCP-1 and respiration in human brown adipocytes•Glucocorticoids decrease UCP-1 and respiration in murine brown and beige adipocytes•Species-specific differences exist in the regulation of BAT activationSummaryThe discovery of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans presents a new therapeutic target for metabolic disease; however, little is known about the regulation of human BAT. Chronic glucocorticoid excess causes obesity in humans, and glucocorticoids suppress BAT activation in rodents. We tested whether glucocorticoids regulate BAT activity in humans. In vivo, the glucocorticoid prednisolone acutely increased 18fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by BAT (measured using PET/CT) in lean healthy men during mild cold exposure (16°C–17°C). In addition, prednisolone increased supraclavicular skin temperature (measured using infrared thermography) and energy expenditure during cold, but not warm, exposure in lean subjects. In vitro, glucocorticoids increased isoprenaline-stimulated respiration and UCP-1 in human primary brown adipocytes, but substantially decreased isoprenaline-stimulated respiration and UCP-1 in primary murine brown and beige adipocytes. The highly species-specific regulation of BAT function by glucocorticoids may have important implications for the translation of novel treatments to activate BAT to improve metabolic health.Graphical abstract
Projected Zika Virus Importation and Subsequent Ongoing Transmission after Travel to the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games — Country-Specific Assessment, July 2016
Authors: Ardath Grills, Stephanie Morrison, Bradley Nelson, Jennifer Miniota, Alexander Watts, Martin S. Cetron
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

Zika virus belongs to the genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae; it is transmitted to humans primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito (e.g., Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus) (1). Zika virus has been identified as a cause of congenital microcephaly and other serious brain defects (2). As of June 30, 2016, CDC had issued travel notices for 49 countries and U.S. territories across much of the Western hemisphere (3), including Brazil, where the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games (Games of the XXXI Olympiad, also known as Rio 2016; Games) will be hosted in Rio de Janeiro in August and September 2016. During the Games, mosquito-borne Zika virus transmission is expected to be low because August and September are winter months in Brazil, when cooler and drier weather typically reduces mosquito populations (4). CDC conducted a risk assessment to predict those countries susceptible to ongoing Zika virus transmission resulting from introduction by a single traveler to the Games. Whereas all countries are at risk for travel-associated importation of Zika virus, CDC estimated that 19 countries currently not reporting Zika outbreaks have the environmental conditions and population susceptibility to sustain mosquito-borne transmission of Zika virus if a case were imported from infection at the Games. For 15 of these 19 countries, travel to Rio de Janeiro during the Games is not estimated to increase substantially the level of risk above that incurred by the usual aviation travel baseline for these countries. The remaining four countries, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Yemen, are unique in that they do not have a substantial number of travelers to any country with local Zika virus transmission, except for anticipated travel to the Games. These four countries will be represented by a projected, combined total of 19 athletes (plus a projected delegation of about 60 persons), a tiny fraction of the 350,000-500,000 visitors expected at the Games.* Overall travel volume to the Games represents a very small fraction (<0.25%) of the total estimated 2015 travel volume to Zika-affected countries,(†) highlighting the unlikely scenario that Zika importation would be solely attributable to travel to the Games. To prevent Zika virus infection and its complications among athletes and visitors to the Games and importation of Zika virus into countries that could sustain local transmission, pregnant women should not travel to the Games, mosquito bites should be avoided while traveling and for 3 weeks after returning home, and measures should be taken to prevent sexual transmission (Box).
US panel recommends colorectal screening for 50 to 75 year olds
Authors: Michael McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Screening for colorectal cancer should start at the age of 50 and continue until 75, the US Preventive Services Task Force has recommended.1

The task force found that the evidence that screening adults in this age group reduced colorectal mortality was “convincing.” However, it said that the benefit of screening declined after the age of 75.

Among older adults who have previously been screened the evidence suggested that there was “at best” moderate benefit in continuing screening. …
<i>DRD4</i>, Income, and Children’s Food Choices
Authors: Patrícia P. Silveira, Michael J. Meaney, Laurette Dubé
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
The journey out and in: psychiatry and space exploration
Authors: P Santy
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

Although psychiatric issues have in theory always been considered important in space biomedical research, specific research into these issues has been severely limited because of other priorities that were more pertinent to the technological development of space flight capacity. As the technical and physical aspects of space flight become more routine, the psychological issues should take on increasing importance. The author reviews the U.S. and U.S.S.R. research in aerospace medicine that is relevant to psychiatry and suggests ways to expand psychiatry's clinical and research usefulness in future space exploration efforts.
Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia With Concurrent CSF3R and SETBP1 Mutations: Single Colony Clonality Studies, In Vitro Sensitivity To JAK Inhibitors and Lack Of Treatment Response To Ruxolitinib
Authors: Terra L Lasho, Alice Mims, Rebecca R. Laborde, Christy Finke, Animesh Pardanani, Ayalew Tefferi
Journal: Blood (2013)
A Mutation in the Extracellular Cysteine-Rich Repeat Region of the β3 Subunit Activates Integrins IIbβ3 and Vβ3
Authors: Hirokazu Kashiwagi, Yoshiaki Tomiyama, Seiji Tadokoro, Shigenori Honda, Masamichi Shiraga, Hajime Mizutani, Makoto Handa, Yoshiyuki Kurata, Yuji Matsuzawa, Sanford J. Shattil
Journal: Blood (1999)
Probable Murine Origin of a Virus (HHLV-2) Recovered From Leukemic Mice After Inoculation of Human Leukemic Material
Authors: Fink, Mary Alexander, Herbut, Peter A., Sibal, Louis R., Wivel, Nelson A.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

Journal Article Probable Murine Origin of a Virus (HHLV-2) Recovered From Leukemic Mice After Inoculation of Human Leukemic Material Get access Mary Alexander Fink, Mary Alexander Fink National Cancer Institute3, Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter A. Herbut, Peter A. Herbut National Cancer Institute3, Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Louis R. Sibal, Louis R. Sibal National Cancer Institute3, Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nelson A. Wivel Nelson A. Wivel National Cancer Institute3, Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 39, Issue 6, December 1967, Pages 1253–1255, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/39.6.1253 Published: 01 December 1967 Article history Received: 01 August 1967 Published: 01 December 1967
Reduction of Minimal Residual Disease in Pediatric B-lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by an Fc-optimized CD19 Antibody
Authors: Ursula Jördis Eva Seidel, Patrick Schlegel, Ludger Grosse-Hovest, Martin Hofmann, Steffen Aulwurm, Elwira Pyz, Friedhelm R Schuster, Roland Meisel, Martin Ebinger, Tobias Feuchtinger, Heiko-Manuel Teltschik, Kai-Erik Witte, Carl-Philipp Schwarze, Hans-Georg Rammensee, Rupert Handgretinger, Gundram Jung, Peter Lang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2016)

Prognosis of primary refractory and relapsed pediatric B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is very poor. Relapse rates significantly correlate with persistent minimal residual disease (MRD). In MRD, favorable effector-target ratios prevail and thus this situation might be optimally suited for immunotherapy with antibodies recruiting immunological effector cells. We here report on the generation, preclinical characterization and first clinical application in B-lineage ALL of an Fc-optimized CD19 antibody. This third-generation antibody (4G7SDIE) mediated enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against leukemic blasts with effector cells from healthy volunteers and B-lineage ALL patients. The antibody was produced in a university-owned production unit and was applied on a compassionate use basis to 14 pediatric patients with refractory and relapsed B-lineage ALL at the stage of MRD. In 10/14 patients, MRD was reduced by ≥ 1 log or below the patient-individual detection limit, and 5/14 patients have achieved ongoing complete molecular remission with a median leukemia-free survival of 428 days. Two additional patients died in complete molecular remission due to complications not related to antibody therapy. Besides profound in vivo B-cell depletion, side effects were negligible. A clinical phase 1/2 study to further assess the therapeutic activity of 4G7SDIE is in preparation.
Beyond Composite Endpoints Analysis: Semicompeting Risks as an Underutilized Framework for Cancer Research
Authors: Ina Jazić, Deborah Schrag, Daniel J. Sargent, Sebastien Haneuse
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2016)

Background: Composite endpoints (CEP), such as progression-free survival, are commonly used in cancer research. Notwithstanding their popularity, however, CEP analyses suffer from a number of drawbacks, especially when death is combined with a nonterminal event (ie, progression or recurrence), exemplifying the semicompeting risks setting. We investigated the semicompeting risks framework as a complementary analysis strategy that avoids certain drawbacks of CEPs. Methods: The illness-death model under the semicompeting risks framework was compared with standard analysis approaches: CEP analyses and (separate) univariate analyses for each component endpoint. Data from a previously published phase III randomized clinical trial in metastatic colon cancer including 1419 participants in the N9741 trial (conducted between 1997 and 2003) were used to determine the impact of the loss of information associated with combining multiple endpoints, as well as of ignoring the potentially informative role of death. A simulation study was conducted to further explore these issues. Results: Failure to account for critical features of semicompeting risks data can lead to potentially severely misleading conclusions. Advantages of semicompeting risks analyses include a clear delineation of treatment effects on both events, the ability to draw conclusions about a patient's joint risk of the two events, and an assessment of the dependence between the two event types. Conclusions: Embedding and analyzing component outcomes in the semicompeting risks framework, either as a supplement or alternative to CEP analyses, represents an important, underutilized, and feasible opportunity for cancer research.
Androgen receptor (AR) immunohistochemical (IHC) expression in muscle invasive (miUC) or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC): Evaluating a potential target for treatment.
Authors: Daniele Raggi, Rosalba Miceli, Patrizia Giannatempo, Biagio Paolini, Nicola Di Genova, Nicola Nicolai, Filippo G. De Braud, Roberto Salvioni, Maurizio Colecchia, Andrea Necchi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e16025 Background: After several decades of few advances in therapeutics, the recognition of immune IHC targets and the advances in the molecular understanding of UC have fostered a number of trials that are making a breakthrough in UC. Pursuing this pathway and identifying new targets for single-agent of combinatorial strategies is crucial. We aimed to assess whether AR might have any role in UC. Methods: Since 09/2015, all consecutive patients (pts) who started whichever line of therapy at our Institute were analyzed. Archival tumor samples were obtained and the selected blocks were cut at 3µm thickness. IHC was performed using mouse anti-human AR monoclonal antibody (Dako, clone AR441). No guidelines have been published to define and quantify the AR expression. The following definitions of AR IHC were used: positive: ≥ 1% of tumor cells, negative: 0-1%. Overall survival (OS) was calculated as the interval from the date of diagnosis of at least miUC to the date of death for any cause, with censoring at the date of last contact for alive pts. Univariable and multivariable Cox models evaluated AR IHC for OS outcome. The following adjustment covariates were chosen: disease stage at diagnosis (muscle invasive [T] vs locally advanced [N] vs metastatic [M]), and primary tumor site (bladder vs upper tract). Results: 48 pts diagnosed between 11/03 and 11/15 were analyzed. 25 pts had T stage, 18 N, and 5 m at diagnosis. 12 had an upper tract primary tumor. AR IHC was evaluated on primary tumor in 44 pts and on metastases in 4. 20 pts (41.7%) had an AR-positive staining, 9 (18.7%) and 5 (10.4%) with ≥ 10% and ≥ 30% cut-offs, respectively. AR IHC was not associated with OS univariably (pos vs neg, HR: 0.67, 95%CI: 0.26-1.73, p = 0.404) nor multivariably (HR: 0.57, 95%CI: 0.20-1.64, p = 0.295). AR IHC was not associated with primary tumor site (41.6% both), nor with stage (p = 0.295). Conclusions: AR was frequently expressed in advanced UC and AR IHC did not seem to yield a prognostic significance. Waiting for further analyses on AR signaling at the molecular level, AR might represent a potential new target for clinical trials with next generation AR signaling inhibitors (ARSI) in miUC or mUC.
Congenital Polycystic Disease of the Kidney Occurring in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: B M RUPPLE
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1955)

Journal Article Congenital Polycystic Disease of the Kidney Occurring in Mice Get access Barbara M. Rupple Barbara M. Rupple Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 15, Issue 5, April 1955, Pages 1183–1193, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/15.5.1183 Published: 01 April 1955 Article history Received: 27 July 1954 Published: 01 April 1955
Association of disease progression, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and utility in patients (pts) with advanced, nonfunctional, well-differentiated gastrointestinal (GI) or lung neuroendocrine tumors (NET) in the phase 3 RADIANT-4 trial.
Authors: Simron Singh, Marianne E. Pavel, Jonathan R. Strosberg, Lida Bubuteishvili-Pacaud, Evgeny Degtyarev, Maureen Neary, Matthias Hunger, Jennifer Eriksson, Nicola Fazio, Matthew H. Kulke, James C. Yao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

4093 Background: Post hoc analyses were performed to determine if disease progression is associated with decline in HRQoL and utility scores using data from RADIANT-4, a phase 3 trial that showed significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) with everolimus + best supportive care (BSC) vs placebo + BSC in pts with advanced, progressive, nonfunctional GI or lung NET. Methods: Pooling data from both arms, 284 pts were analyzed from baseline to study end. HRQoL was measured with FACT-G, a validated questionnaire with 4 domains: physical (PWB), social/family (SWB), emotional (EWB), and functional wellbeing (FWB). FACT-G was completed at baseline, every 8 wks until mo 12 after randomization, and every 12 wks thereafter. Association between disease progression and HRQoL outcomes was assessed by fitting linear mixed models. Based on a review of existing mapping functions and relevance for the RADIANT-4 population, 2 mapping algorithms were selected to translate FACT-G scores into EQ-5D utility scores: Young, Med Decis Making 2015 (UK value set); Teckle, Health Qual Life Outcomes 2013 (US value set). Results: The difference in FACT-G total score pre- vs postprogression was significant: 79.7 vs 74.8 (difference: 4.91; 95% CI: 3.71, 6.11). This difference may also be clinically relevant based on published ranges for minimal important difference (Yost & Eton, Eval Health Prof 2005). Differences in subscale scores were: PWB 22.4 vs 20.9 (1.5; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.95); EWB 17.6 vs 16.4 (1.14; 95% CI: 0.78, 1.49); SWB 21.6 vs 20.9 (0.69; 95% CI: 0.24, 1.14); and FWB 18.2 vs 16.9 (1.34; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.82). Mean “Teckle” utility was 0.826 (95% CI: 0.815, 0.836) preprogression and 0.795 (95% CI: 0.783, 0.807) postprogression; mean “Young” utility was 0.779 (95% CI: 0.763, 0.796) preprogression and 0.725 (95% CI: 0.706, 0.744) postprogression. Conclusions: Disease progression in pts with advanced, nonfunctional, well-differentiated GI or lung NET is associated with a significant decline in HRQoL and utility scores. Effective therapy to prolong PFS may delay a decline in HRQoL and utility.
The Lung Microbiome in HIV. Getting to the HAART of the Host–Microbe Interface
Authors: Leopoldo N. Segal, Robert P. Dickson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)

The Lung Microbiome in HIV Getting to the HAART of the Host-Microbe Interface Widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) radically altered the natural history of HIV infection from that of a rapidly progressing disease to that of a chronic, treatable condition.Yet HIV-infected patients continue to suffer increased mortality from a variety of respiratory pathologies, both infectious and otherwise (1).Initial investigations into this susceptibility focused largely on host immunity and cellular function (2), overlooking the potential contribution of respiratory microbiota.In 2009, prompted by the revolution in culture-independent microbiology, the National Institute of Health launched the LHMP (the Lung HIV Microbiome Project), a research consortium charged with identifying the role of respiratory microbiota in the pathogenesis of HIV-related lung disease.The LHMP consortium has since shared two key findings on this subject, one surprisingly positive and one surprisingly negative.The surprisingly positive finding, reported in the Journal in 2013 (3), was the frequent detection of Tropheryma whipplei in the lungs of HIV-infected individuals.This bacterium, the etiologic agent of Whipple's disease, had not previously been reported in the lung.The surprisingly negative finding, recently reported by Beck and colleagues in the Journal (4), was that, in a broader comparison of the respiratory microbiota of HIV-positive versus HIV-negative subjects, no significant differences were detected in lung communities.
Impressions of psychiatric problems and their management: China, 1977
Authors: J S Visher, E B Visher
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

The authors, who visited the People's Republic of China in October 1977, describe the treatment methods used there, particularly in the Shanghai Mental Hospital, a 1,000-bed hospital for acutely ill patients. Psychiatric treatment there appears to be a blend of Western pharmacology, traditional Chinese medicine, and group therapy. The authors also speculate on the possible cultural sources of stress-related and interpersonal problems, provide a review of the literature regarding psychiatry in modern China, and outline the history of psychiatric treatment there.
The Survival Outcome of the Patients with Relapsed/Refractory PTCL-NOS and AITL
Authors: Dai Chihara, Michelle A. Fanale, Mansoor Noorani, Jason R Westin, Loretta Nastoupil, Fredrick B. Hagemeister, Luis E. Fayad, Jorge E. Romaguera, Felipe Samaniego, Francesco Turturro, Hun Ju Lee, Sattva S. Neelapu, Alma Rodriguez, Michael Wang, Nathan Fowler, Roberto N. Miranda, Chitra M. Hosing, Yago Nieto, Richard Eric Davis, Yasuhiro Oki
Journal: Blood (2015)
Fractures of Neck of Femur
Authors: I. M. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1955)

The large a wave preceding the first heart sound in those cases complicated by pulmonary hypertension is probably caused in a similar way to that found in pulmonary stenosis (Laubry and Pezzi, 1913).As a result of peripheral pul- monary vascular resistance right ventricular hypertension occurs, and this then constitutes an obstruction to auricular systolic ejection, which in turn produces increased auricular systolic contraction and a large a wave in the venous pulse. SummaryInspection of the neck veins in children with atrial septal defect reveals a raised venous pressure and exag- geration of one of the waves of the venous pulse.Simultaneous auscultation identifies this-large wave, by its time relationship to the second heart sound, as the v wave.When pulmonary hypertension is present in these patients the a wave also becomes larger than normal.Recordings of the venous pulse in 25 patients with atrial septal defect compared with those of 16 normal children have confirmed these findings.They have also shown that there is exaggeration of normal systolic col- lapse in these patients, and this contributes to the pro- minence of the large v wave.An attempt has been made to explain the haemodynamics of these changes in the venous pulse.It is believed that the large v wave in atrial septal defect is a useful clinical sign, particularly in differen- tiating this condition from pulmonary stenosis.I am indebted to Dr. Alexander Nadas for permission to include eight patients in this investigation who were seen at the Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass., and who have been mentioned in a previous communication (Reinhold and Nadas, 1954).