tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P83 Introduction of “straight to ct” in a lung cancer unit – two years on
Authors: RM Trafford, A Hufton, M Walshaw, C Smyth, M Ledson
Journal: Thorax (2016)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In 2014 we introduced in conjunction with our primary care colleagues a “straight to CT” protocol for patients with suspected lung cancer, to not only to speed up the diagnostic pathway but also to reassure at an early stage patients without the disease. However, some clinicians suggested that this approach may increase the burden of CT scans performed without improving cancer care. <h3>Method</h3> “Straight to CT” is available for patients with a CXR coded as concerning for malignancy, or via a general practitioner with concerns based on symptoms and risk factors. Following radiologist review, if appropriate scans are offered within 72 hours: scan positive cases are reviewed by the lung cancer team for onward next investigation, and where the scan is negative the result is faxed by radiology back to the GP. We compared 2015 data with that for 2014, looking for route of referral, investigations performed, and outcome. <h3>Results</h3> In 2015 [2014] 464 [468] were eligible for the “straight to CT” pathway. Of these 258 (56%) [246, 53%] coded chest X-rays and 206 (44%) [222, 47%] ‘worried clinician’ referrals. Of the coded CXRs, 24 [22] patients (9%)[9%] declined further investigation. Of the 234 [224] who accepted a 72hr hour CT scan, 149 (64%) [119, 53%] had confirmed cancer. Of the 206 [222] ‘worried clinician’ referrals, 21 (10%) [16, 7%] patients declined further imaging or assessment, and 32 (16%) [29, 13%] were deemed inappropriate. Of the 153 [177] remaining who went on to have 72 hour CT scans only 29 (19%) [42, 24%] had cancer confirmed. Overall, 387 [401] CT scans were carried out. 178 [187] patients were accepted by the cancer services, and 209 [214] patients remained under primary care. Cancer conversion rates for accepted patients was 70% [79%] <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study has shown that the burden placed on radiological services has remained constant during the two years of our innovative service, and we had previously shown that introducing this protocol did not increase the overall number of scans. We recommend this pathway to other lung cancers units as a way of improving their diagnostic pathway.
P115 Screening outcomes of household contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in peshawar, pakistan
Authors: A Javid, MA Khan, MA Khan, S Mehreen, A Basit, RA Khan, M Ihtesham, I Ullah, A Khan, U Ullah
Journal: Thorax (2016)

<h3>Objective</h3> To assess the profile of TB/multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) among household contacts of MDR-TB patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Close contacts of MDR-TB patients were traced in the cross-sectional study. Different clinical, radiological and bacteriological were performed to rule out the evidence of TB/MDR-TB. <h3>Results</h3> Between January 2012 and December 2012, a total of 200 index MDR-TB patients were initiated on MDR-TB treatment, out of which home visit and contacts screening were conducted for 154 index cases. Of 610 contacts who could be studied, 41 (17.4%) were diagnosed with MDR-TB and 10 (4.2%) had TB. The most common symptoms observed were cough, chest pain and fever. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The high incidence of MDR-TB among close contacts emphasise the need for effective contact screening programme of index MDR-TB cases in order to cut the chain of transmission of this disease. <h3>References</h3> WHO. <i>Multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB): 2014 updated global report</i>. Geneva: World Health OrganisationOrganization, 2014. WHO. <i>Global tuberculosis report 2015</i>. Geneva: World Health OrganisationOrganization, 2015. Khan MA, Mehreen S, Basit A, Khan RA, Javaid A. Predictors of poor outcomes among patients treated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis at Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan. <i>American-Eurasian J Toxicol Sci</i> 2015;<b>7</b>(3):162–172.
Alternative Alternative Payment Models
Authors: Katherine Baicker, Michael E. Chernew
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
S98 Antacid therapy and disease progression in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) under pirfenidone treatment
Authors: M Kreuter, P Spagnolo, W Wuyts, E Renzoni, D Koschel, F Bonella, TM Maher, M Kolb, D Weycker, K Kirchgässler, U Costabel
Journal: Thorax (2016)

<h3>Introduction</h3> On the basis of retrospective and post-hoc analyses the current IPF guideline suggests the use of anti-acid therapy (AAT, i.e., proton pump inhibitors and H2-blockers) as a treatment option in patients with IPF. While recent post-hoc analyses do not support a protective effect of AAT on IPF progression in patients receiving placebo, the impact of AAT on disease progression in patients treated with pirfenidone is unknown. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with IPF randomised to pirfenidone in 3 trials (CAPACITY studies 004 and 006, and ASCEND) were included. Changes in pulmonary function, exercise tolerance, survival, hospitalizations, and adverse events (AEs) over 52 weeks were analysed for all subjects, based on AAT status at baseline, by bivariate and multivariate analyses. Disease progression was defined as an absolute decrease of forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥10% predicted, a decrease of ≥50 m in the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) or death. <h3>Results</h3> Of 623 patients, 44% received AAT. Patient characteristics were comparable between groups with the exception of gastrointestinal (GI) comorbidities. In bivariate analyses, there were no significant differences at 52 weeks in disease progression (AAT vs non-AAT: 24.9% vs 30.6%; <i>P</i> = 0.12), all-cause or IPF-related mortality (2.9% vs 4.0%; <i>P</i> = 0.47 and 1.1% vs 2.0%; <i>P</i> = 0.37, respectively), all-cause hospitalisation (16.1% vs. 18.3%, <i>P</i> = 0.48) or observed mean FVC decline (−2.7% vs −3.1%, <i>P</i> = 0.44). Relative but not absolute FVC decline ≥10% was slightly in favour of AAT (15% vs 22%; <i>P</i> = 0.03). In multivariate analyses, hazard ratios across study outcomes ranged from 0.3–0.9 for AAT (vs. non-AAT), although differences were not statistically significant (including relative FVC decline ≥10%). AEs were generally similar between groups; however, severe GI AEs (3.7% vs. 0.9%, <i>P</i> = 0.015) and severe pulmonary infections (3.7% vs. 1.1%, <i>P</i> = 0.035) were more frequent in AAT users. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this post-hoc analysis of three randomized-controlled trials, there was no clear evidence of benefit of the combination of AAT and pirfenidone compared to pirfenidone alone. However, AAT use appeared to increase the risk of severe GI and infectious AEs. AAT should be prospectively assessed in a randomised controlled trial before being considered as a specific treatment for IPF.
P3.02b-016 An Exploration Study of Mechanisms Underlying Primary Resistance to EGFR-TKIs in Patients Harboring TKI-Sensitive EGFR Mutations
Authors: Ee Ke, Zhihong Chen, Jian Su, Xu-Chao Zhang, Longhua Guo, Feiyu Niu, Qiuyi Zhang, Chongrui Xu, Yi Long Wu, Qing Zhou
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (HGNECs) of the colon and rectum: A single-institution retrospective analysis.
Authors: B. George, J. Estrella, K. K. Machado, R. Ferrarotto, P. M. Hoff, A. Rashid, S. Kopetz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

e14040 Background: HGNECs of the colon and rectum are uncommon with no standard treatment guidelines. Methods: We undertook a single institution IRB approved retrospective evaluation of patients (pts) with HGNECs of the colon and rectum from 1991-2010. 95 pts with histologically confirmed HGNEC with adequate follow up information for survival analysis were identified. Results: Median age of pts was 55 (range 34 to 89) and the median follow up was 12.5 months. 53% were male. Majority of the HGNECs had poorly differentiated and/or small cell histology (92.6%) while the remaining had large cell histology. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated positivity with chromogranin, synaptophysin and neuron specific enolase in 59%. 92.6% and 86.7% cases, respectively. Rectosigmoid was the most common primary site (55%) followed by the cecum (17%). Metastatic disease was present at diagnosis in 63% pts. Liver was the most common site of metastasis (92%) and was an isolated site of metastatic disease in 51% of pts. Pts with right sided tumors presented more often with metastatic disease at initial diagnosis (79%) compared to patients with left sided tumors (38%) and rectosigmoid tumors (58%), (p=0.046). Among pts with localized disease, 80% underwent resection of primary tumor. Distribution among stages I, II and III were 13%, 8% and 79%, respectively based on histopathologic and operative staging. Among the 28 pts who underwent surgery 6 underwent neo-adjuvant therapy, 17 underwent adjuvant therapy and 5 received both. Among pts with metastatic disease at presentation, 90% underwent first line palliative chemotherapy and 49% received second line palliative chemotherapy. Pts with localized disease had a median survival of 20.4 months and 5-year survival of 28%, while pts with metastatic disease had a median survival of 8.6 months. Conclusions: This single-institution retrospective analysis suggests that HGNEC arising in the right colon may have a more aggressive biology compared to other sites in the colon and rectum, however even localized disease has a very low 5-year survival. Further evaluation of treatment patterns in this cohort may provide guidance on optimized treatment approaches in a poor prognosis group of pts.
XIAP BIR domain suppresses miR-200a expression and subsequently promotes EGFR protein translation and anchorage-independent growth of bladder cancer cell
Authors: Chao Huang, Xingruo Zeng, Guosong Jiang, Xin Liao, Claire Liu, Jingxia Li, Honglei Jin, Junlan Zhu, Hong Sun, Xue-Ru Wu, Chuanshu Huang
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2017)

The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is a well-known potent apoptosis suppressor and also participates in cancer cell biological behaviors, therefore attracting great attentions as a potential antineoplastic therapeutic target for past years. Anti-IAP therapy is reported to be closely related to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression level. However, whether and how XIAP modulates EGFR expression remains largely unknown. Human XIAP was knockdown with short-hairpin RNA in two different bladder cancer cell lines, T24T and UMUC3. Two XIAP mutants, XIAP ∆BIR (deletion of N-terminal three BIR domains) and XIAP ∆RING (deletion of C-terminal RING domain and keeping the function of BIR domains), were generated to determine which domain is involved in regulating EGFR. We found here that lacking of XIAP expression resulted in a remarkable suppression of EGFR expression, consequently leading to the deficiency of anchorage-independent cell growth. Further study demonstrated that BIR domain of XIAP was crucial for regulating the EGFR translation by suppressing the transcription and expression of miR-200a. Mechanistic studies indicated that BIR domain activated the protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) activity by decreasing the phosphorylation of PP2A at Tyr307 in its catalytic subunit, PP2A-C. Such activated PP2A prevented the deviant phosphorylation and activation of MAPK kinases/MAPKs, their downstream effector c-Jun, and in turn inhibiting transcription of c-Jun-regulated the miR-200a. Our study uncovered a novel function of BIR domain of XIAP in regulating the EGFR translation, providing significant insight into the understanding of the XIAP overexpression in the cancer development and progression, further offering a new theoretical support for using XIAP BIR domain and EGFR as targets for cancer therapy.
Bringing Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Resected Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Into Real-world Practice—Better Late Than Never?
Authors: Howard (Jack) West
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2017)

Michelle C. Salazar, MD; Joshua E. Rosen, BASc; Zuoheng Wang, PhD; Brian N. Arnold, MD; Daniel C. Thomas, MD; Roy S. Herbst, MD; Anthony W. Kim, MD; Frank C. Detterbeck, MD; Justin D. Blasberg, MD; Daniel J. Boffa, MD
P202 Optimising service delivery in asthma and copd: consensus-driven recommendations for future service development
Authors: M Ledson, L Baskaran, C Dunford, S Gwynn, J Khambh, S Prigmore, J Scullion
Journal: Thorax (2016)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> Asthma and COPD present a significant resource impact to the NHS. Earlier diagnosis may reduce morbidity and improve quality of life. In the UK, premature mortality from COPD is almost twice the European average and for asthma over 1.5 times the European average. This project sponsored by Teva Respiratory aims to identify differences in perceptions of various stakeholder groups regarding effective outcome improvements in asthma and COPD and make relevant recommendations. <h3>Methods</h3> This group met with the objective of defining consensus statements for the future development of services in asthma and COPD. These statements were tested across a broad respondent sample by questionnaire. A Delphi methodology was used to assess levels of agreement with each statement. Questionnaires were offered to health care professionals across specialties reflecting the roles of this group for completion as paper documents at Teva Respiratory sponsored UK meetings between June 2015 and January 2016. <h3>Results</h3> 184 respondents, split across varied professional roles, completed questionnaires. 24 out of 42 statement scores (57%) exceeded the 66% agreement threshold and are thus regarded as supportive of the statements. Some variance was seen in responses between care settings (Figure 1), with primary care respondents commonly indicating lower levels of agreement than their secondary care colleagues (24 out of 42 statements (57%)). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Most respondents indicate that it is possible to deliver effective care across all care settings that the patient will encounter. The need for further development of local integrated care approaches is well recognised. Respondents are ambivalent regarding the prioritisation of asthma and COPD, the variance may reflect differences in prioritisation between localities. There is strong agreement that definition of appropriate outcomes will support value-based care models and that interaction between professions is critical to effective integration of care. Respondents agreed there is a sound rationale for the use of branded inhaler therapies in asthma and COPD, which may liberate finite resources for other areas. Based on this consensus exercise, 10 key recommendations for optimising outcomes in asthma and COPD are offered.
P222 Input of a patient advisory group into evaluating the benefit: risk profile of existing and potential copd therapies
Authors: DR Burrage, M Tumilty, S Ruickbie, EH Baker
Journal: Thorax (2016)

<h3>Introduction</h3> People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have considerable disability and reduced life expectancy, despite current treatments. New medicines are required, but few successfully complete clinical trials and become established in practice. During drug development, understanding the nature and magnitude of benefits relevant to patients and risks they will accept to achieve these is important, particularly where the drug has a narrow therapeutic index. Our aim was to explore patient perceptions of the benefit:risk profile of existing and potential COPD therapies. <h3>Methods</h3> Our local respiratory patient advisory group meets every 3 months to provide input into research. A focus group completed a conjoint analysis exercise1. Four current (aclidinium, azithromycin, carbocisteine) or potential (drug X) COPD medicines were presented iteratively in pairs (Figure 1), comparing the magnitude of likely benefits (reduced exacerbations, improved overall health) and harms (risk of infection, antibiotic resistance, kidney failure, diabetes). For each pairing, participants indicated which medicine they would choose. Participants also ranked potential benefits (reduced exacerbations, increased survival, increased walking distance) and risks (death, kidney failure, diabetes) of medicines in order of importance and discussed how these should be prioritised. <h3>Results</h3> 9 male and 9 female COPD patients (age range 66–86 years, median 77 years, GOLD 1–4) and 2 carers took part. When confronted with two treatment options, participants consistently chose the treatment with a better safety profile, even if this meant less clinical benefit. Being able to walk further was the most important benefit (70% participants), over preventing exacerbations (5%) or increasing life expectancy (5%). Kidney failure was selected as the most concerning potential risk (50% participants) over chance of death (10%). A strong theme emerged that quality of life was more important than life expectancy. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Potential users of new treatments can weigh potential benefits and risks and judge their relative importance. This has potential to improve design of clinical trials, patient participation and development of medicines with real relevance to users. <h3>Reference</h3> Bridges JF, <i>et al</i>. Conjoint analysis applications in health—a checklist: a report of the ISPOR Good Research Practices for Conjoint Analysis Task Force. <i>Value in Health</i> 2011;<b>14</b>(4):403–13.
Changes of Clonality of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) Clones during Clinical Courses in Patients with PNH.
Authors: Hideyoshi Noji, Tatsuyuki Kai, Masatoshi Okamoto, Kazuhiko Ikeda, Kazuko Akutsu, Akiko Nakamura-Shichishima, Tsutomu Shichishima
Journal: Blood (2007)
Non-Transmissible Measles Virus Vector Selectively Induces Human Primed and Naïve like Pluripotent Stem Cells from Hematopoietic Cells
Authors: Takafumi Hiramoto, Maino Tahara, Chika Sakamoto, Hiroaki Ono, Hiroshi Kohara, Makoto Takeda, Kenzaburo Tani
Journal: Blood (2015)
P268 Is bronchiectasis severity influenced by aetiology or co-morbid airways disease?
Authors: TM Quinn, AT Hill
Journal: Thorax (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> There is increased interest whether aetiology and co-morbid airways disease influence bronchiectasis disease severity. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a retrospective study of 400 patients attending a specialist bronchiectasis clinic in NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK between May 2013 and September 2014 and using multivariable models we identified independent risk factors that influenced bronchiectasis disease severity using the Bronchiectasis Severity Index. We adjusted for age, sex, smoking history, aetiology and presence of co-morbid airways disease (asthma and COPD). <h3>Results</h3> 400 patients were included in this study. The mean age was 66.0 (13.9) years. 253 (63.2%) were female. The majority (77%) had idiopathic (53%) or post infective bronchiectasis (24%). Other aetiologies were: allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 8%; immune/auto-immune 6%; interstitial lung disease 3%; ciliary defects 3%; and inflammatory bowel disease 3%. Co-existing airways disease was common but not the predominant diagnosis (36% had asthma and 19% COPD). Independent risk factors for severe bronchiectasis (BSI ≥ 9) were age 70–79 (OR 6.3, p = 0.003), age 80 and above (OR 7.3, p = 0.003) and smoking (OR 1.02, p = 0.002). It was not influenced by presence of airways disease or aetiology. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In conclusion, neither aetiology nor presence of airways disease was independent risk factors for severe bronchiectasis severity. Age was the strongest independent predictor for severe bronchiectasis severity.
Sensitization of Human T Cells with Overlapping Pentadecapeptides Spanning the Wt1 Protein Induces Expansion of Leukemocidal T Cells Specific for Both Previously Identified and Novel WT1 Epitopes.
Authors: Ekaterina Doubrovina, Jacob Dupont, Deepa Trivedi, Elena Kanaeva, Richard J. O’Reilly
Journal: Blood (2004)
AZA In the Treatment of Therapy Related MDS and AML (tMDS/AML): a Report on 60 Patients by the Groupe Francophone Des Syndromes Myelodysplasiques (GFM)
Authors: Jehane Fadlallah, Cecile Bally, Bruno Quesnel, Norbert Vey, Francois Dreyfus, Pascal Turlure, Stephane de Botton, Caroline Dartigeas, Benoit de Renzis, Sylvain Thepot, Raphael Itzykson, Pierre Fenaux, Lionel Ades
Journal: Blood (2010)
Whole Transcriptome Resequencing of Paired Diagnosis-Relapse BCR-ABL1-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Samples Reveals the Loss of Cell Cycle Regulation as the Main Mechanism Responsible for Leukemia Progression.
Authors: Ilaria Iacobucci, Annalisa Lonetti, Alberto Ferrarini, Marco Sazzini, Anna Ferrari, Cristina Papayannidis, Simona Soverini, Enrico Giacomelli, Luciano Xumerle, Viviana Guadagnuolo, Antonella Vitale, Fabrizio Pane, Michele Baccarani, Massimo Delledonne, Giovanni Martinelli
Journal: Blood (2010)
Causal Factors in Tuberculosis: A Report of an Investigation Into the Incidence of Tuberculosis in Certain Tyneside Districts
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P2.01-006 Sensitive Detection of CTCs in Thoracic Malignant Tumors With “Universal” CTC-Chip
Authors: Kazue Yoneda, Taiji Kuwata, Yasuhiro Chikaishi, Kenichi Kobayashi, Rintaro Oyama, Sakiko Yura, Hiroki Matsumiya, Akihiro Taira, Yusuke Nabe, Masaru Takenaka, Soichi Oka, Ayako Hirai, Yuko Tashima, Naoko Imanishi, Koji Kuroda, Ohnaga Takashi, Fumihiro Tanaka
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
P1.07-043 Patterns of Failure and the Prognostic Factors of the Patients with LD SCLC according to the TNM Staging; TOG-TROD Study
Authors: Şefika Arzu Ergen, H Fazilet Dinçbaş, Evrim Metcalfe, Serap Akyurek, Güler Yavaş, Şükran Ülger, Beyza Şirin Özdemir, Birsen Yücel, Didem Çolpan Öksüz, Mustafa Şenocak, Hakan Bozcuk
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)