tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Engineered three-dimensional rabbit oral epithelial–mesenchymal–muscular hybrid sheets
Authors: Shigeki Yamane, Kazunari Higa, Takashi Umezawa, Masamitsu Serikawa, Jun Shimazaki, Shinichi Abe
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2016)

Regenerative muscles are required for swallowing and mastication, and are important for functional recovery from diseases involving oral muscular defects. Therefore, we generated three-layer hybrid sheets, similar to oral mucosal structures containing submucosal muscles, using rabbit oral mucosa epithelial, mesenchymal, and myoblastic progenitor cells, and examined the structural proteins. Each cell type was obtained from rabbit oral mucosa using enzymatic digestion. Isolated mesenchymal and myoblastic cells were multi-differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes or myotubes. Isolated epithelial cells were cultured on collagen gels containing isolated mesenchymal cells for 2 weeks, and these epithelial-mesenchymal cell sheets were laminated onto myoblastic cell sheets. The engineered hybrid sheets were multi-stratified in the epithelial and myoblastic layers in a time-dependent manner, expressing intermediate cytoskeletal filament proteins of epithelium and muscle. Hybrid sheets also expressed extracellular matrix basement membrane proteins. Immature cell markers for epithelial and myoblastic cells were observed continuously in hybrid sheet cultures. We established engineered three-dimensional rabbit oral mucosa hybrid sheets containing each immature cell type in vitro.
Brain Death
Authors: Peter McL. Black
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

BRAIN death is widely accepted as a criterion of death in medical, legal and public opinion today. There seems to be a general medical understanding that it is to be used to describe a state of irreversible destruction of virtually the entire brain despite continued cardiac activity. An early paper, for example, suggested that it should be declared when the brain "no longer functions and has no possibility of functioning again."1 A recent study called it "total destruction of the brain."2 In medical practice the term has been restricted to cases with irreversible deep coma and . . .
First-rank symptoms in the postacute schizophrenic: a follow-up study
Authors: M L Silverstein, M Harrow
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

Schneider's diagnostic system of first-rank symptoms (FRS) is acknowledged by psychiatrists throughout the world as a decisive basis for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Recently, the author's and others' works have challenged this view. This report examines the relationship between FRS, psychotic symptoms, prognosis, and outcome at the postacute stage. The assessment of FRS was made from an interview schedule (a modification of the Wing Present State Examination) developed for the systematic assessment of psychotic symptoms. The results question the utility of FRS as a primary diagnostic approach to schizophrenia, suggesting that Schneider's system may not be superior to other diagnostic approaches.
Immediate total-body CT scanning versus conventional imaging and selective CT scanning in patients with severe trauma (REACT-2): a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Joanne C Sierink, Kaij Treskes, Michael J R Edwards, Benn J A Beuker, Dennis den Hartog, Joachim Hohmann, Marcel G W Dijkgraaf, Jan S K Luitse, Ludo F M Beenen, Markus W Hollmann, J Carel Goslings
Journal: The Lancet (2016)
S31 Safety and Yield of Physician led ultrasound guided transthoracic lung/pleural biopsies: Abstract S31 Table 1
Authors: R Reddy, M Naeem, G Tsaknis
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Transthoracic ultrasound is important tool in assessing pleural effusions and guiding placement of chest drains. It also demonstrates pleural-based masses and lung tumours abutting the pleura.<sup>1</sup> Such lesions are suitable for ultrasound guided full core needle biopsy.<sup>1</sup> Percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy with ultrasound guidance is not widely performed by respiratory physicians.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Objective</h3> To assess safety and yield of ultrasound guided transthoracic biopsy performed by respiratory physicians. <h3>Methods</h3> The procedures were carried out in an outpatient or bed side setting between April 2014 and Jun 2015. Apart from checking clotting and omitting antiplatelet/anticoagulants no special prior preparations were undertaken. Under real time transthoracic ultrasound, lesions involving pleura or abutting the pleura which were &gt;1.5 cm were sampled 2–3 times with a full core biopsy needle (Biopince 18G). Repeat thoracic ultrasound was done after 10 min to check for pneumothorax. Patients were discharged home around 30 min post procedure. <h3>Results</h3> 51 patients underwent full core biopsy for suspected peripheral lung (44), pleural based (6) and Mediastinal tumours (1). The biopsies were considered adequate in 47 cases (94%). Diagnosis was achieved in 43 patients with an overall yield of 84% (Table 1) whilst the yield for malignancy was 82% (36/44). Of the 8 patients with a negative biopsy, malignancy was diagnosed at surgery in 2 patients and CTGB (CT guided biopsy) in 6 patients. Complications were minimal with one patient developing a small pneumothorax (2%) and another had a small subcutaneous hematoma. After the introduction of the service the waiting list for CT guided biopsies in our hospital has been eliminated. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Ultrasound guided peripheral lung/pleural mass biopsy can be performed by trained respiratory physicians with excellent yield and very low complication rate. Used appropriately it reduces the waiting list for CTGB. <h3>Reference</h3> 1 Diacon AH, Schuurmans MM, Theron J, <i>et al</i>. Safety and yield of ultrasound-assisted transthoracic biopsy performed by pulmonologists. <i>Respiration</i> 2004;<b>71</b>(5):519–22
Analysis of licensed over-the-counter (OTC) antibiotics in the European Union and Norway, 2012
Authors: Leonard Both, Radu Botgros, Marco Cavaleri
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

Antimicrobial resistance is recognised as a growing problem that seriously threatens public health and requires prompt action. Concerns have therefore been raised about the potential harmful effects of making antibiotics available without prescription. Because of the very serious concerns regarding further spread of resistance, the over-the-counter (OTC) availability of antibiotics was analysed here. Topical and systemic OTC antibiotics and their indications were determined across 26 European Union (EU) countries and Norway by means of a European survey. We identified a total of 48 OTC products containing 20 different single antibiotics and three antibiotic combinations as active substances, used mainly as topical preparations in short treatment courses. Given the relevance of these medicines and the increasing risk of antimicrobial resistance, it is important to limit the availability of OTC antibiotics and to monitor their use.
Time- and Region-Specific Season of Birth Effects in Multiple Sclerosis in the United Kingdom
Authors: Pedro María Rodríguez Cruz, Lucy Matthews, Mike Boggild, Ana Cavey, Cris S. Constantinescu, Nikos Evangelou, Gavin Giovannoni, Orla Gray, Stanley Hawkins, Richard Nicholas, Maylin Oppenheimer, Neil Robertson, John Zajicek, Peter M. Rothwell, Jacqueline Palace
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

The reports of seasonal variation in the births of people who later develop multiple sclerosis (MS) have been challenged and attributed to the background pattern in the general population, resulting in a false association.To study the seasonality of MS births after adjusting for temporal and regional confounding factors.A study was conducted using case-control data from 8 MS-specialized centers from the United Kingdom, MS cases from a population-based study in the Lothian and Border regions of Scotland, and death records from the UK Registrar General. Participants included 21 138 patients with MS and control data from the UK Office of National Statistics and the UK government office regions. The seasonality of MS births was evaluated using the Walter and Elwood test, after adjusting for temporal and regional variations in the live births of the UK population. The study was conducted from January 16, 2014, to September 2, 2015.Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.Analysis of the general population indicated that seasonal differences are present across time and region in the United Kingdom, with both factors contributing to the monthly distribution of live births. We were able to demonstrate that, when adjusting for the temporal and regional variations in the live births of the UK population, there was a significant season of birth effect in patients with MS, with an increased risk of disease in the peak month (April) compared with the trough month (November) (odds ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.10-1.41) and 15.68% fewer people who developed MS being born in November (observed to expected birth ratio, 0.840; 95% CI, 0.76-0.92).Season of birth is a risk factor for MS in the United Kingdom and cannot be attributed to the background pattern in the general population. The reasons for the variations in birth rates in the general population are unclear, but not taking them into consideration could lead to false-positive associations.
SDF1 Plasma Levels and CD34+ Cells Recirculation After Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant.
Authors: Nicola Piccirillo, Giuseppe Ausoni, Silvia De Matteis, Luca Laurenti, Patrizia Chiusolo, Federica Sorà, Giuseppe d'Onofrio, Giuseppe Leone, Simona Sica
Journal: Blood (2009)
Maladaptive denial of physical illness: a proposal for DSM-IV
Authors: D H Strauss, R L Spitzer, P R Muskin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

Denial of physical illness is a commonly encountered problem in consultation-liaison psychiatry. Although there is an extensive literature on denial, it has virtually ignored the diagnostic issues raised by the individual whose denial of physical illness is clearly maladaptive. The authors propose that DSM-IV include a subtype of adjustment disorder called "with maladaptive denial of physical disorder." They discuss this new category, its differential diagnosis, and the benefits to clinical practice of this proposed addition to diagnostic classification.
First Real-Time Visualization of a Spontaneous Pneumothorax Developing in a Preterm Lamb Using Electrical Impedance Tomography
Authors: Martijn Miedema, Karen E. McCall, Elizabeth J. Perkins, Magdy Sourial, Stephan H. Böhm, Andreas Waldmann, Anton H. van Kaam, David G. Tingay
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)
Abstract 14615: The Preventable Causes of Cardiovascular Diseases in China: Comparative Risk Assessment of Dietary, Lifestyle, and Metabolic Risk Factors
Authors: Yanping Li, Frank Hu
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: fuelled by rapid urbanization and changes in dietary and lifestyle choices, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as the leading cause of death in China. Purposes: to estimate the CVD events that potentially contributed to 9 modifiable dietary, lifestyle, and metabolic risk factors in China. Methods: We used data on risk factor exposures in the Chinese population from nationally representative health surveys and CVD morbidity and mortality statistics from the China Health Statistical Yearbook and the National Population Census. We obtained the etiological effects of risk factors on CVD risk, by age, from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of epidemiological studies. We estimated the number of CVD events attributable to all non-optimal levels of each risk factor exposure, by urban/rural, age and sex. Results: Based on the exposure distribution estimated by 2009 China Health Nutrition Survey, the population attributable risk (PAR) on CVD events was 47.3% for high blood pressure, 23.2%, for physical inactivity, 18.5% for smoking, 13.5 for high BMI, 13.0% for high LDL cholesterol, 11.8% for high blood glucose, 11.1% for low dietary intakes of fruit and vegetable, 7.1% for high sodium intake and 3.5% for low PUFA intake, which was 78.0%, 18.8%, 20.9%, 21.9%, 8.2%, 16.1%, 12.0%, 20.3% and 2.0%, respectively, based on exposure distribution of 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. In 2009, high blood pressure was responsible for 3.9 million CVD events, including 1.4 million CHD, 1.5 million ischemic strokes and 1 million hemorrhagic strokes. Large gender difference was found for PAR% of smoking (male 27.8%/female 6.5%). Conclusions: High blood pressure, smoking and physical inactivity, which all have effective interventions, are responsible for the largest number of CVD events in China. Other dietary, lifestyle, and metabolic risk factors for chronic diseases also cause a substantial number of CVD morbidity and mortality in China.
Genomic analysis of snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus) identifies genes and processes related to high-altitude adaptation
Authors: Li Yu, Guo-Dong Wang, Jue Ruan, Yong-Bin Chen, Cui-Ping Yang, Xue Cao, Hong Wu, Yan-Hu Liu, Zheng-Lin Du, Xiao-Ping Wang, Jing Yang, Shao-Chen Cheng, Li Zhong, Lu Wang, Xuan Wang, Jing-Yang Hu, Lu Fang, Bing Bai, Kai-Le Wang, Na Yuan, Shi-Fang Wu, Bao-Guo Li, Jin-Guo Zhang, Ye-Qin Yang, Cheng-Lin Zhang, Yong-Cheng Long, Hai-Shu Li, Jing-Yuan Yang, David M Irwin, Oliver A Ryder, Ying Li, Chung-I Wu, Ya-Ping Zhang
Journal: Nature Genetics (2016)

The snub-nosed monkey genus Rhinopithecus includes five closely related species distributed across altitudinal gradients from 800 to 4,500 m. Rhinopithecus bieti, Rhinopithecus roxellana, and Rhinopithecus strykeri inhabit high-altitude habitats, whereas Rhinopithecus brelichi and Rhinopithecus avunculus inhabit lowland regions. We report the de novo whole-genome sequence of R. bieti and genomic sequences for the four other species. Eight shared substitutions were found in six genes related to lung function, DNA repair, and angiogenesis in the high-altitude snub-nosed monkeys. Functional assays showed that the high-altitude variant of CDT1 (Ala537Val) renders cells more resistant to UV irradiation, and the high-altitude variants of RNASE4 (Asn89Lys and Thr128Ile) confer enhanced ability to induce endothelial tube formation in vitro. Genomic scans in the R. bieti and R. roxellana populations identified signatures of selection between and within populations at genes involved in functions relevant to high-altitude adaptation. These results provide valuable insights into the adaptation to high altitude in the snub-nosed monkeys.
Lyme Disease
Authors: John L. Zeller, Alison E. Burke, Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Proper Tick RemovalUse a fine-point tweezer to grasp the tick as close to the skin as possible.Gently pull the tick out by the mouthparts.If the mouthparts break off, remove them with tweezers.1 2 Wash your hands and cleanse the bite site with soap and water.
CD6 modulates thymocyte selection and peripheral T cell homeostasis
Authors: Marc Orta-Mascaró, Marta Consuegra-Fernández, Esther Carreras, Romain Roncagalli, Amado Carreras-Sureda, Pilar Alvarez, Laura Girard, Inês Simões, Mario Martínez-Florensa, Fernando Aranda, Ramón Merino, Vanesa-Gabriela Martínez, Rubén Vicente, Jesús Merino, Adelaida Sarukhan, Marie Malissen, Bernard Malissen, Francisco Lozano
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2016)

The CD6 glycoprotein is a lymphocyte surface receptor putatively involved in T cell development and activation. CD6 facilitates adhesion between T cells and antigen-presenting cells through its interaction with CD166/ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule), and physically associates with the T cell receptor (TCR) at the center of the immunological synapse. However, its precise role during thymocyte development and peripheral T cell immune responses remains to be defined. Here, we analyze the in vivo consequences of CD6 deficiency. CD6−/− thymi showed a reduction in both CD4+ and CD8+ single-positive subsets, and double-positive thymocytes exhibited increased Ca2+ mobilization to TCR cross-linking in vitro. Bone marrow chimera experiments revealed a T cell–autonomous selective disadvantage of CD6−/− T cells during development. The analysis of TCR-transgenic mice (OT-I and Marilyn) confirmed that abnormal T cell selection events occur in the absence of CD6. CD6−/− mice displayed increased frequencies of antigen-experienced peripheral T cells generated under certain levels of TCR signal strength or co-stimulation, such as effector/memory (CD4+TEM and CD8+TCM) and regulatory (T reg) T cells. The suppressive activity of CD6−/− T reg cells was diminished, and CD6−/− mice presented an exacerbated autoimmune response to collagen. Collectively, these data indicate that CD6 modulates the threshold for thymocyte selection and the generation and/or function of several peripheral T cell subpopulations, including T reg cells.
Mobilization of CD8+ Central Memory T-Cells with Enhanced Reconstitution Potential in Mice By a Combination of G-CSF and GMI-1271-Mediated E-Selectin Blockade
Authors: Ingrid G Winkler, Valerie Barbier, Kristen J Radford, Julie M Davies, Jean-Pierre Levesque, Theodore A.G. Smith, William E. Fogler, John L Magnani
Journal: Blood (2015)
Abstract POSTER-THER-1429: Selection of DNA aptamers for an ovarian cancer cell line using high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Rebecca J. Whelan, Arvinder Kapur, Mildred Felder, Jamie Shallcross, Jeff Nie, Manish S. Patankar
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Humanized antibodies have been extensively investigated as therapeutic as well as diagnostic agents. While the antigen specificity offered by antibodies makes them very attractive for such theranostic applications, their large-scale synthesis can be challenging and expensive. We are therefore investigating alternate strategies to develop agents that can be used for in vivo monitoring as well as for treatment of epithelial ovarian tumors. One approach is to develop Single Stranded DNA aptamers that selectively bind to ovarian cancer cells. The ssDNA aptamers can be synthesized using template-driven or de novo chemical synthetic approaches to manufacture agents at a large scale and low cost. The challenge however, is to develop aptamers that are specific to ovarian cancer cells. In the current study, we report a streamlined approach that incorporates the cell-based Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (cell-SELEX) with DNASeq technology to select aptamers that recognize ovarian cancer cells. An ssDNA aptamer library composed of ~1015 sequences was subjected to ten iterative rounds of selection against the ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3. Aptamers from each round were amplified by asymmetric PCR and subjected to high-throughput sequencing. Eight ssDNA aptamers enriched through the selection process were identified by DNASeq and subsequent bioinformatics analysis and their selectivity and affinity for OVCAR-3 cells was determined by flow cytometry. Two of these aptamers (Apt-1 and Apt-8) showed significant binding to OVCAR-3 cells with Kd of 24 and 28 nM, respectively. Secondary structure analysis using mfold indicated that Apt-1 and Apt-8 had defined secondary structures resulting from ordered base pairing of the ssDNA. The inclusion of high-throughput sequencing techniques has therefore allowed rapid identification of theranostic aptamers from an large randomized library of ssDNA sequences. Our ongoing experiments are focused on coupling of the ovarian cancer cell-specific ssDNA aptamers to contrast agents or cytotoxic drugs. The ssDNA aptamers coupled to contrast agents are specifically being investigated for in vivo imaging of ovarian cancer masses in the peritoneum whereas the aptamers coupled to drugs can be used for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Rebecca J. Whelan, Arvinder Kapur, Mildred Felder, Jamie Shallcross, Jeff Nie, Manish S. Patankar. Selection of DNA aptamers for an ovarian cancer cell line using high-throughput sequencing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 10th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 8-9, 2014; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(16 Suppl):Abstract nr POSTER-THER-1429.
Personal views: Learning respect
Authors: Andrew West, Christopher Bulstrode, Victoria Hunt
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Every now and again the tranquil progress of our little multidisciplinary team round the acute ward is disrupted by a troubled visitor: not the kind of relative who is there from the beginning and whom we get to know quite well as things move along, but a sudden, anxious presence from another world.

The details vary, but the basic story doesn't, and the distress is always palpable. “I live four hundred miles away. I can't take my mum. And you can't just send her home because she lives on her own. And, um, I live four hundred miles away.”

The distressed daughter from England, let us call her. Straight from the airport, deeply suspicious and obviously distraught, she requires careful handling. She explains about her job, and her family, and how she can stay for a few days at most. She doesn't want her mother just put in a home. And she lives near enough to worry but not near enough to help.

We listen. Eventually, when she has got through everything she has been rehearsing all the way from somewhere like Essex, we try to explain: no rush to judgment; no precipitate discharge; no knee-jerk nursing home disposal.

Suspicions may linger, but we mean what we say, and yet again we find ourselves wondering about what sort of experience of care of the elderly 400 miles away has shaped the expectations that cause such distress.

We do things differently here. In Scotland the care of the elderly survived the depredations of the internal market rather better than in the south. More beds, cannily managed by a relatively confident and thriving specialty, allow a decency of provision that continues to surprise our flustered friends from the south.

The NHS in general survived better in Scotland. Mrs Thatcher's whim of iron —the market solution that burst upon the NHS in 1989—seemed distant: the answer, perhaps, to problems elsewhere. With a few exceptions, enthusiasms were tactical and restrained, and largely to do with damage control.

But there was something else too: something we might call the Scottish version of the Dunkirk spirit. For those not familiar with it, here it is. Two jocks, Jimmy and Wullie, are rowing home across the Channel in June 1940. After several hours of thought, Jimmy confides to his friend a strategic insight we all still recognise: “Wullie, if England surrenders, this is gonnae be a long war.”
Genome-wide association meta-analysis in Chinese and European individuals identifies ten new loci associated with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: David L Morris, Yujun Sheng, Yan Zhang, Yong-Fei Wang, Zhengwei Zhu, Philip Tombleson, Lingyan Chen, Deborah S Cunninghame Graham, James Bentham, Amy L Roberts, Ruoyan Chen, Xianbo Zuo, Tingyou Wang, Leilei Wen, Chao Yang, Lu Liu, Lulu Yang, Feng Li, Yuanbo Huang, Xianyong Yin, Sen Yang, Lars Rönnblom, Barbara G Fürnrohr, Reinhard E Voll, Georg Schett, Nathalie Costedoat–Chalumeau, Patrick M Gaffney, Yu Lung Lau, Xuejun Zhang, Wanling Yang, Yong Cui, Timothy J Vyse
Journal: Nature Genetics (2016)
Novel Therapeutic Strategies to Target Protein Quality Control Compartments in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Mohamed A.Y. Abdel Malek, Sajjeev Jagannathan, Ehsan Malek, Nikhil Vad, Douaa M. Sayed, Sahar A. Elgammal, Hanan G. Abd El-Azeem, Nabila M. Thabet, James J. Driscoll
Journal: Blood (2014)
Impact of Age on Efficacy and Toxicity of Nilotinib in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Chronic Phase (CML-CP): ENEST1st Sub-Analysis
Authors: Francis J. Giles, Delphine Rea, Michele Baccarani, Nicholas C.P. Cross, Juan Luis Steegmann, Laimonas Griskevicius, Philipp le Coutre, Daniel Coriu, Ljubomir Petrov, Gert J. Ossenkoppele, Francois-Xavier Mahon, Martin C. Müller, Andrzej Hellmann, Kimmo Porkka, Timothy H. Brümmendorf, Gunther Gastl, Viviana Tubazio, Angela Pellegrino, Luca Dezzani, Gianantonio Rosti, Andreas Hochhaus
Journal: Blood (2015)