tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Energy Expended in Chewing Gum
Authors: James Levine, Paulette Baukol, Ioannis Pavlidis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: Alter et al. (Aug.19 issue) 1 present valuable data on the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the United States.However, their analyses of risk factors for HCV infection are flawed because the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) data did not contain information necessary to control for confounding by the single most important risk factor for HCV infection -namely, injection-drug use.Their conclusions regarding the transmission of HCV by illegal drug use and sexual promiscuity should not be used to counsel patients or to set public health policy.Although the omission of a question of injection-drug use from NHANES III is unfortunate in itself, the inability to control for injection-drug use should have led the authors either to omit this analysis or to be much more circumspect in their conclusions.They acknowledge in the discussion that injection-drug use is the single most important risk factor for HCV infection; other authors have estimated that the odds ratio for HCV seropositivity associated with injection-drug use is more than 100. 2 Since injection-drug use is also associated with smoking marijuana, inhaling cocaine, and sexual promiscuity, it is likely that the associations with these variables were confounded by its omission from the logistic-regression model.The authors correctly discount marijuana use as a means of HCV transmission and recognize that the previously reported associations of cocaine inhalation with HCV infection may have been confounded by injection-drug use. 3 In contrast to the findings in the few references cited by Alter et al., a broader review of the literature suggests that sexual transmission of HCV is inefficient at best. 4 In the light of these facts and the probable confounding mentioned above, the conclusion of Alter et al. that "the strongest factors independently associated with HCV infection were illegal drug use and high-risk sexual behavior" is unfortunate.
Acute Pericarditis Produced by Psicofuranine, a Nucleoside Analogue
Authors: Giovanni Costa, James F. Holland, John W. Pickren
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

PERICARDITIS can appear in man in the course of certain biochemical disorders. These disorders are characterized by the production or retention of substances assumed to be capable of producing pericarditis through a toxic or hypersensitive mechanism. Thus, uremia, rheumatic fever, lupus erythematosus and horse-serum sickness1 , 2 may all be accompanied by pericarditis. The concept that the last three represent disorders of immunologic response is widely held.3 Although the causes of uremia are diverse, retention of toxic metabolite (or metabolites) is widely considered the pathogenesis common to all forms.3 In addition, several drugs have been reported occasionally to produce pericarditis4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 when administered . . .
941 OBSTRUCTIVE CHOLESTASIS LEADS TO DOWN-REGULATED CL−/HCO3 EXCHANGE ACTIVITY IN RAT HEPATOCYTES
Authors: F.A. Crocenzi, J.M. Banales, A.E. Zucchetti, A.C. Boaglio, E. Saez, M.G. Roma, J.F. Medina
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Scientists Question Safety of Fish Consumption; Study Under Way
Authors: J. Corliss
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Scientists Question Safety of Fish Consumption; Study Under Way Get access Julie Corliss Julie Corliss Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 21, 1 November 1989, Pages 1607–1609, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.21.1607 Published: 01 November 1989
P4 Omalizumab: A National Review of Practise Across the United Kingdom
Authors: LJ Holmes
Journal: Thorax (2012)

A varied approach to the initiation, assessment and delivery of Omalizumab across the United Kingdom has been observed. To analyse the disparity in practize a questionnaire was disseminated to centres administering Omalizumab. Completed questionnaires n=43 (32.5% paediatric/67.5% adult). Questions asked were specific to the initiation, assessment and delivery of Omalizumab, the results identified a wide disparity in practize. Adherence assessment prior to Omalizumab initiation was completed by all centres; however there was a varied approach of each centre in their assessment. 90.6% assessed prescription records, 74.4% questioned patients regarding medication adherence, 32.5% measured prednisolone levels and 4.6% utilised a validated questionnaire (4.6%) Longitudinally 48.8% continue to monitor adherence every 0–6 months, 27.9% every 6–12 months whilst 11.6% do not cheque adherence long term. Centres were diverse in their period of recommended observation post first dose. 4.6% advocate a 0–60 minute observation, 25.5% 1–2hrs, 39.5%, 2–3 hrs and 23.3% &gt;4hrs, subsequent dose administration also varied across centre 37.2% advocated a 0–30min observation, 25.5% a 30–60min period and 11.6% 2–3hrs (11.6%). Paediatric centres advocated a longer observation period post injection. Across centres there is a huge inconsistency in weight observation 46.5% of centres weigh patients each visit, 27.9% 1–3 monthly and 16.2% 3–6 monthly. Dose of Omalizumab is only altered specific to weight fluctuation by 60.4% of which a higher percentage is practised in paediatric compared to adult centres (71.4%/55.1%). Out of dosing range prescribing is undertaken by 57.1% (paediatric) 29% (adult). Use of adrenaline auto injectors were not advocated by 60.4% of the centres, of the remaining 39.5% who advocate adrenaline auto injectors only 47% of this population have specific guidance relating to length of time to keep the injector available. <h3>Results</h3> of this audit provide evidence for the requirement for national evidence based guidelines, to procure a standardised collaborative approach regarding the use of Omalizumab for patients with severe persistent allergic asthma, with this in situ best practise can be delivered throughout the United Kingdom.
IN-HOSPITAL AND POST-DISCHARGE CHANGES IN RENAL FUNCTION FOLLOWING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: John E. Blair, Kent Brummel, Julie Friedman, Prashant Atri, Ranya Sweis, Hyde Russell, Mark Ricciardi, S. Chris Malaisrie, Charles Davidson, James Flaherty
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Abstract 4709: Combined mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibition with short-term romidepsin treatment induces proapoptotic Bim and cell death in BRAF mutant cancers
Authors: Robert W. Robey, Victoria L. Luchenko, Julian Bahr, Arup R. Chakraborty, Alexandra S. Zimmer, Richard L. Piekarz, Susan E. Bates
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Solid tumor trials with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) have been largely disappointing. We recently characterized a romidepsin-resistant T-cell lymphoma cell line that was found to have activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, leading to subsequent phosphorylation and degradation of the proapoptotic protein Bim, suggesting that activation of this pathway may also confer resistance to romidepsin and other HDIs. The V600E BRAF mutation has been found in approximately 60% of melanomas and approximately 15% of colon cancers and leads to constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway. We thus hypothesized that combined treatment with romidepsin and BRAF or mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors may be effective in cancers that harbor the V600E BRAF mutation. To more closely simulate clinical administration of romidepsin, 11 V600E BRAF mutant cell lines (8 melanomas and 3 colorectal cancers) were exposed to 25 ng/ml romidepsin for 6 h after which romidepsin was removed, cells were incubated in fresh medium for an additional 42 h and subsequently apoptosis was measured by Annexin V and propidium iodide staining. Of the 11 cell lines, 10 exhibited significantly higher annexin staining after short-term romidepsin treatment (control 7.1% ± 3.8% vs. treated 34.7% ± 17.8%, p&amp;lt;0.001). Cells were subsequently treated with medium containing 25 ng/ml romidepsin with 250 nM of the MEK inhibitors AZD6244 (selumetinib) and PD0325901 or 1 µM of the mutant BRAF inhibitor PLX4032 (vemurafenib) for 6 h, after which the cells were incubated an additional 42 h in medium containing the inhibitors alone. Combined treatment with romidepsin and AZD6244 resulted in a significantly higher percent of annexin positive cells (p&amp;lt;0.05) in 9 of the 11 BRAF mutant cell lines examined. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated inhibition of the MAPK pathway at the concentrations used and that apoptosis was associated with increased expression of Bim, as well as increased poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Our results suggest that combined treatment with romidpesin and BRAF or MEK inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of cancers that express mutant BRAF. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4709. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4709
Successful Calcium Disodium Ethylene Diamine Tetra-Acetate Treatment of Lead Poisoning in an Infant
Authors: Leighton A. Kneller, Henry S. M. Uhl, Jacob Brem
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

LEAD poisoning is a common and serious problem. Intoxication in children frequently results from household contacts and ingestion of the nonvolatile inorganic forms of lead, and in adults from inhalation of industrial volatile organic forms. Total infant mortality from plumbism is as high as 30 per cent, increasing to 65 per cent with the complication of encephalopathy.1 Rational therapy for plumbism followed the study of lead metabolism by Aub and his co-workers2 (1925), who recommended a high-calcium intake to aid in the deposition of lead into the bones. Kety and Letonoff3 gave sodium citrate intravenously, and this treatment has been . . .
SAT0092 A Risky “Metabolic Intersection”: the Risk of Incident Diabetes in Patients with Gout: Table 1.
Authors: S.C. Kim, J. Liu, D.H. Solomon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Growing evidence supports that hyperuricemia is independently associated with a greater future risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus (DM). A previous cohort study that included men with a high cardiovascular risk profile found gout associated with a higher risk of incident DM compared to those with no gout. <h3>Objectives</h3> 1) To estimate the overall and sex-specific incidence rate (IR) of DM among patients with and without gout; 2) to assess the risk of incident DM among gout compared with non-gout patients; and 3) to test whether the risk of incident DM associated with gout differs by sex. <h3>Methods</h3> Using data from a US commercial insurance plan (2003-2012), we selected a cohort of adults aged ≥40 years who had no prior diagnosis of DM or use of anti-diabetic drugs at baseline. Gout patients who had ≥2 diagnoses for gout were followed from the index date, defined as the first date of gout-related drug dispensing. For the comparison group, patients with ≥2 diagnoses for osteoarthritis (OA) and ≥1 dispensing for an OA-related drug were identified and matched to the gout group on age, sex and index date with a 3:1 ratio. Incident DM was defined based on a diagnosis of DM <i>and</i> a dispensing for anti-diabetic drugs. Cox proportional hazards regression tested the overall and sex-specific effect of gout on DM risk after adjusting for potential confounders. <h3>Results</h3> The study cohort consisted of 54,075 gout and 162,225 OA patients, matched on age, sex and index date. The mean age was 56.2 years and 84.8% were men. At baseline patients with gout experienced a greater frequency of hypertension, heart failure, coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and hyperlipidemia compared to the OA group. Over a mean follow-up of 1.9 years, the IR of DM was 1.91 per 100 person-years in gout and 1.12 per 100 person-years in OA patients. After adjusting for age, comorbidities, medications, and health care utilization, gout was associated with an increased risk of DM (hazard ratio [HR] 1.45, 95%CI 1.37-1.54) for both sexes. The impact of gout on the risk of incident DM was greater in women than men compared to OA patients (Table) with a significant interaction between sex and gout (p=0.0009). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Gout was associated with an increased risk of developing DM compared with OA after adjusting for potential confounders, and the risk associated with gout was higher among women than men. This relationship may help identify patients for diabetes prevention strategies and may also highlight an important metabolic intersection between two common diseases. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> S. Kim Grant/research support: Research grant from Pfizer, J. Liu: None declared, D. Solomon: None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1691
Lack of Liver Uptake of 99mTc Leukocyte Scan in the Setting of Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Dress Syndrome
Authors: Albert Y. Yang, Vishal Khiatani, Yang Lu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

We report an incidental finding of absent liver uptake of 99mTc leukocyte scan in an alcoholic patient with acute Zosyn (piperacillin and tazobactom)-related drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, persistent elevated white blood cell counts, and negative blood culture. Alcoholic steatohepatitis was confirmed in this patient through further clinical examination, blood test, and CT imaging.
PTU-061 Infliximab Or Ciclosporin: Patients’ Treatment Preferences And The Impact Of Ulcerative Colitis (uc) On Their Lives
Authors: A Seagrove, F Rapport, J Williams
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The qualitative element of CONSTRUCT, a randomised controlled trial comparing clinical and cost effectiveness of infliximab and ciclosporin in steroid resistant UC, contributed to the specific trial objectives of examining quality of life (QoL) across the two groups. The qualitative element concentrated on patient and professional perceptions, and we describe patients’ opinions about treatments and other UC therapies. <h3>Methods</h3> Semi-structured telephone interviews with patients three and 12 months after admission with acute severe UC and randomisation. Thematic analysis was conducted by three qualitative researchers, followed by group analysis by seven members of CONSTRUCT. This abstract concentrates on the three month data. <h3>Results</h3> 20 interviews were completed. Length of disease duration varied but similar stories emerged about living and coping with UC, the physical, mental and emotional impact of the disease, treatment options and concerns and hopes for the future. The main issues were: Patients favour infliximab because they perceive a more positive treatment outcome, easier treatment regime and fewer side effects The dramatically debilitating symptoms that impact on patients’ QoL, their family and friends, are particularly noticeable in this disease Patients live with the ongoing unpredictability of symptoms and treatment, making it particularly difficult for patients and healthcare professionals to manage care Unlike other chronic diseases, UC is considered embarrassing, making it an isolating and awkward experience for patients and difficult to manage work and life routines The lack of visibility of symptoms or outcomes impacts on patients’ ability to share and discuss openly with others Surgery is feared but most patients experience relief and subsequent recognition of health benefits following surgery Patients would like to understand what causes UC, its links to stressors and diet and would welcome more extensive information provision Ready access to IBD Nurses was considered important. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Study findings indicate that UC patients live with constant, unpredictable symptoms, where a flare-up becomes socially isolating along with anxieties of deteriorating health. Patients need support to manage the impact of UC on their lives, consider prompt diagnosis to be important, and need relevant treatment provided quickly. Patients clearly prefer infliximab because of the easier treatment regime and fewer side effects. The views of patients after surgery were generally positive, but more research is required into surgical treatment of UC to support those facing surgery and as an alternative to medical treatment. The profile of UC should be raised to destigmatise the disease and thus the embarrassment felt by sufferers and those living with the outcomes of surgery. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Tumor-Associated Eosinophilotactic Factor
Authors: Stephen I. Wasserman, Edward J. Goetzl, Leonard Ellman, K. Frank Austen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract In an attempt to understand the association of a malignant tumor and marked peripheral blood eosinophilia, a tumor-derived factor was sought. A peptide of approximately 500 molecular weight, preferentially chemotactic for eosinophils, was extracted from a large-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung removed from a patient with eosinophilia both peripherally and within the tumor. This peptide was indistinguishable from the previously described eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis, a mast-cell granule-associated mediator of immediate-type hypersensitivity, in terms of size, stability in acid or base, resistance to trypsin and chymotrypsin and susceptibility to pronase and subtilisin digestion. Because the tumor did not contain discernible mast cells or other mast-cell constituents, such as histamine, it is likely that this extractable eosinophilotactic peptide was produced by the tumor in a manner analogous to the well described ectopic production of polypeptide hormones. (N Engl J Med 290:4...
RISK OF STENT THROMBOSIS IN CARDIAC ARREST PATIENTS WITH ST- ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION AND THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA: INTERNATIONAL CARDIAC ARREST REGISTRY
Authors: Nainesh Patel, Sanjeev Nair, Michael Mooney, John McPherson, David Seder, Michael Cash, Michael Young, Barbara Unger, Karl Kern
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Abstract 772: Effects of natural products on proliferation of human breast cancer cells induced by estrogen or PhIP, a heterocyclic amine compound derived from cooked meat
Authors: Choong Jae Lee, Mi Nam Lee, Hyun Jae Lee, Su Yel Lee, Jeong Ho Seok, Mary Ann Jordan, Leslie Wilson
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract According to the traditional Asian medicine, herbs containing daidzein, hesperidin, oleanolic acid and bacalein were used as anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor folk medicines. On the basis of this information, in this study, we investigated whether natural products including daidzein, hesperidin, oleanolic acid and bacalein affect proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells stimulated by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) or estradiol. The results were as follows : (1) Both estradiol and PhIP significantly induced proliferation of MCF-7 cells at the concentrations of 10nM and 100nM, respectively; (2) Oleanolic acid and baicalein inhibited proliferation of PhIP-induced proliferation of MCF-7 cells, dose-dependently; (3) Daidzein and hesperidin also inhibited proliferation of estradiol-induced proliferation of MCF-7 cells, dose-dependently. We suggest that these four natural compounds can be novel drug candidates for preventing breast cancer provoked by dietary estrogenic compounds found in cooked meat such as PhIP. Also, effects of these four natural compounds on MAPK-ERK pathway should be investigated for elucidation of action mechanism through future study. (Key words: Natural products, MCF-7, PhIP, Estradiol) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 772.
Hydrazine Sulfate Ad Is "Offensive"
Authors: S. Jenks
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Hydrazine Sulfate Ad Is “Offensive” Get access Susan Jenks Susan Jenks Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 7, 7 April 1993, Pages 528–529, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.7.528 Published: 07 April 1993
Ga-67 Uptake in a Case of Tuberculous Spondylitis
Authors: HENDRIK EVERAERT, PATRICK FLAMEN, PHILIPPE R. FRANKEN, AFSANA MOMEN, AXEL BOSSUYT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Infectious spondylitis is a difficult condition to diagnose since an uncertain time interval can exist between the onset of the clinical presentation and the radiological diagnosis of the spinal infection. Ga-67 scintigraphy can play a useful role in establishing the early presence of infectious spondylitis, in documenting the extent of the disease and in monitoring its response to therapy. A 33-year-old man who had pain in the dorsal spine underwent Ga-67 scintigraphy and had intense Ga-67 uptake in the dorsal spine.
Loss of Kynurenine 3-Mono-oxygenase Causes Proteinuria
Authors: Ron Korstanje, Konstantin Deutsch, Patricia Bolanos-Palmieri, Nils Hanke, Patricia Schroder, Lynne Staggs, Jan H. Bräsen, Ian S.D. Roberts, Susan Sheehan, Holly Savage, Hermann Haller, Mario Schiffer
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2016)

Changes in metabolite levels of the kynurenine pathway have been observed in patients with CKD, suggesting involvement of this pathway in disease pathogenesis. Our recent genetic analysis in the mouse identified the kynurenine 3-mono-oxygenase (KMO) gene ( Kmo ) as a candidate gene associated with albuminuria. This study investigated this association in more detail. We compared KMO abundance in the glomeruli of mice and humans under normal and diabetic conditions, observing a decrease in glomerular KMO expression with diabetes. Knockdown of kmo expression in zebrafish and genetic deletion of Kmo in mice each led to a proteinuria phenotype. We observed pronounced podocyte foot process effacement on long stretches of the filtration barrier in the zebrafish knockdown model and mild podocyte foot process effacement in the mouse model, whereas all other structures within the kidney remained unremarkable. These data establish the candidacy of KMO as a causal factor for changes in the kidney leading to proteinuria and indicate a functional role for KMO and metabolites of the tryptophan pathway in podocytes.
Selective ligation using a detachable snare for small-intestinal polyps in patients with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome
Authors: K. Takakura, T. Kato, S. Arihiro, T. Miyazaki, Y. Arai, Y. Nakao, N. Komoike, M. Itagaki, I. Odagi, K. Hirohama, M. Saruta, M. Matsuoka, H. Tajiri
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disorder with an incidence of 1/200 000 live births. It is partly characterized by hamartomatous polyps of the gastrointestinal tract. The risk of malignant transformation in these polyps increases with polyp size, with cancer occurring in 15 % of polyps more than 3 cm in diameter [1]. Hamartomatous polyps are detected in 88 % of patients with PJS, mostly in the small intestine. We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy, clinical impact, and safety of selective ligation using a detachable snare for small-intestinal polyps in three patients with PJS. For larger polyps, this technique is safer than conventional snare polypectomy or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) because it minimizes the risks of postpolypectomy bleeding, thermal injury to deeper tissue layers, and perforation.