tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTH-339 Polypectomy in patients with a family history of colorectal cancer may lead to a decreased surveillance (and ultimately a small number of missed cancers) in their kindred
Authors: SJA Buczacki, JMD Wheeler
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Colorectal cancer (CRC) is likely to be prevented by polypectomy. However, polypectomy in first degree relatives of patients with familial CRC may lead to a weaker subsequent family history and potentially inadequate surveillance recommendations for further generations. <h3>Method</h3> We have proposed a simple model to investigate how many colorectal cancers may potentially develop per annum in the UK if a known family history of colorectal cancer is diluted by future polypectomy in first degree relatives of patients with familial CRC, leading to reduced subsequent surveillance of the next generation. Statistics on the incidence of familial CRC and risk of CRC in relation to family history were retrieved from the literature.<sup>1,2</sup> <h3>Results</h3> There are approximately 41581 cases of CRC in the UK per annum and it is assumed that 4158 (10%) of cases are familial in origin. If each familial case were to have had two children and they were ultimately offered a colonoscopy (with possible polypectomy), then 748 CRC (9%) may be prevented. This could lead to 1497 subsequent offspring being “at risk” of a familial CRC but not being offered screening with current guidelines. This could potentially lead to the development of 135 cases (9%) of CRC from inadequate surveillance. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Here we show that current UK guidelines on endoscopic screening of patients with a family history of colorectal cancer (which do not regard polyps as a familial risk factor) result in approximately 135 preventable cases of CRC per annum. Given the small effect size, a formal study to show benefit of enhanced screening in this group is unfeasible. Awareness of this concept will enable screening to be advised on a case by case basis. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Johns LE, Houlston RS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of familial colorectal cancer risk. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96(10):2992–3003 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. http://seer.cancer.gov/
The Coronary Circulation in Health and Disease.
Authors: A M JONES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lateralized neuropsychological dysfunction in affective disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: M A Taylor, B Greenspan, R Abrams
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

The authors compared the cognitive functioning of 22 schizophrenic patients, 105 patients with affective disorder, and 99 age-matched normal control subjects. Results of an aphasia screening test indicated that the schizophrenic patients made more total errors and more dominant temporal/temporoparietal errors than patients with affective disorders and that patients in both groups made more errors than controls. Patient sex, age, drug treatment received at test time, previous neuroleptic drug treatment, and severity of illness did not account for the differences. These findings support the validity of the authors' diagnostic research criteria and confirm prior reports of differences in dominant hemisphere dysfunction between schizophrenic patients and patients with affective disease.
Distribution of treated mental illness in the neighborhoods of Jerusalem
Authors: M Rahav, A B Goodman, M Popper, S P Lin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

The authors compared the rates of treated mental illness among ethnically advantaged Ashkenazic Jews and ethnically disadvantaged Sephardic Jews in four areas of Jerusalem defined by socioeconomic status. They found that the rates of illness were higher in areas of lower socioeconomic status, that the Ashkenazim had higher rates of illness than the Sephardim in the areas of lower status, and that there was a comparatively high rate of illness among the Ashkenazim in the very religious Jewish neighborhoods. They interpret these findings on the basis of the theories of social causation and social selection, including genetic transmission.
Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis.
Authors: Y Sakai, T Nasu
Journal: BMJ (1981)

This report presents the first autopsy case in Japan of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis which had developed in a 71-year-old man. The clinical course was of extremely long duration of more than 10 years. Malignancy was suspected on biopsy, and at one stage chylous ascites developed. The cause of this retroperitoneal fibrosis could not be determined, but it is considered that the vicious circle of inflammatory processes such as cellulitis and lymphangitis in the retroperitoneum and lymphedema as well as lymphorrhage attributable to mechanical lymphatic obstruction brought about the retroperitoneal fibrosis.
Intraperitoneal Transplantation of the Yoshida Ascites Sarcoma and the Ascites Hepatoma to Various American Strains of Rats
Authors: H SATO
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1955)

Intraperitoneal Transplantation of the Yoshida Ascites Sarcoma and the Ascites Hepatoma to Various American Strains of Rats Haruo Sato Haruo Sato Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 15, Issue 5, April 1955, Pages 1367–1378, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/15.5.1367 Published: 01 April 1955 Article history Received: 20 September 1954 Published: 01 April 1955
Predicting length of hospital stay of psychiatric patients
Authors: R E Gordon, P Jardiolin, K K Gordon
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

Data from 105 psychiatric patients in the adolescent, young adult, and older adult age ranges and in various diagnosis-related groups confirmed the hypothesis that patients' length of stay in a hospital for a psychiatric disorder is increased by greater amounts of stress and decreased by higher levels of functioning. The authors propose a formula, length of stay = function of axis IV score/axis V score, to test this relationship. The findings point to a potentially useful approach for making decisions on length of stay, i.e., the use of more reliable scales than the global rating scale of axis V in DSM-III.
AB1086 An Eular Study Group Pilot Study on Reliability of “Simple” Capillaroscopic Definitions to Describe Capillary Morphology in Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: V. Smith, S. Beeckman, A. Herrick, S. Decuman, E. Deschepper, V. Riccieri, A. Sulli, F. De Keyser, U. Müller-Ladner, F. Ingegnoli, M. Cutolo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> The established EULAR study group on Microcirculation in Rheumatic Diseases (RD) aims to build an international network of centres of excellence to facilitate collaboration and exchange knowledge within Europe. One of its aims is to study natural evolution of microvascular morphology in RD. To this end standardisation of morphological interpretation/nomenclature across diseases is paramount. <h3>Objectives</h3> To propose simple capillaroscopic definitions for interpretation of single capillaroscopic morphologies and assess their interobserver reliability. <h3>Methods</h3> The simple definitions proposed to assess morphology were: 1) “normal”: hairpin, tortuous or crossing<sup>1</sup>; 2) “abnormal”: not hairpin, tortuous or crossing<sup>1</sup>; 3) “not evaluable”: whenever rater doubted in classifying between normal and abnormal. Based upon an aimed kappa of 0.80 and equal default prevalences of normal (0.4) and abnormal (0.4) capillary morphology and a smaller proportion of not evaluable (0.2) capillaries, 87 capillaries evaluated by two independent raters were necessary to obtain a half width of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of no larger than 0.2. Consequently, 90 randomly selected single capillaries were presented in 2 batches of 45 single capillaries to 3 groups of raters: experienced independent raters (AH, FI, VR, AS, VS [gold standard]) n=5; attendees to the 6th EULAR course on capillaroscopy, n=34; novices after a 1 hour institutional course at the Ghent University hospital, n=11. Inter-rater agreement was assessed by calculation of proportion of agreement and by kappa coefficients. <h3>Results</h3> Mean kappa was 0.49 (95% CI: 0.44-0.54) for expert raters, 0.40 (0.36-0.44) for attendees and 0.46 (0.41-0.52) for novices, with overall agreements of 67% (63-71), 63% (60-65) and 67% (63-70) respectively. Comparing only “normal” vs. “abnormal and not evaluable” capillaries did increase the kappa: 0.51 (0.37-0.65), 0.53 (0.49-0.58), and 0.55 (0.49-0.62). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study shows moderate reliability of “simple” capillaroscopic definitions to describe morphology of individual capillaries by rheumatologists with different expertise on the topic. Further optimization of morphologic interpretation is ongoing. <h3>References</h3> Kabasakal Y, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 1996;55(8):507-12. Cutolo M, Smith V. Nailfold Capillaroscopy. In: Wigley FM et al. editors. Raynaud9s phenomenon: A guide to pathogenesis and treatment. New York: Springer Science+Business Media; 2015. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Wages of Sin and Fruits of Labor
Authors: S Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
FRI0264 Cardiac Manifestations of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis at Diagnostic
Authors: G. Pugnet, X. Puéchal, P. Fillatre, B. Terrier, O. Decaux, L. Guillevin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, Wegener9s granulomatosis) is an antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)–associated small-vessel vasculitis of unknown etiology, which is characterized by ear, nose, and throat (ENT); lung; and kidney involvement. Cardiac manifestations are generally considered rare in GPA patients, but they may be life-threatening. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to determine the frequencies and types of cardiac manifestations in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener9s, GPA) at diagnosis. <h3>Methods</h3> This retrospective analysis was conducted on the cardiac manifestations of GPA patients entered into the French Vasculitis Study Group database between July 1955 and September 2014. <h3>Results</h3> Among the 671 identified patients, 39 (5.8%) had cardiac manifestations at diagnosis. Mean age at diagnosis was 51.1±20.1 years, with no remarkable sex predominance (male/female sex ratio, 1.4) and the median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 2 months. The most frequent extracardiac manifestations at diagnosis were ENT (30, (77%)), pulmonary (29, (76.3%)) and renal (28, (71.8)) manifestations. The 3 most common recorded cardiac manifestations were pericarditis (16, (41%)), myocarditis (11, (28.2%)), and coronary vasculitis (5, (12.8%)). Aortic valvulopathy (4, (10.3%)) and arrhythmias (4, (10.3%)) were also common feature. Mean BVAS at diagnosis was 21.9±9.6. 25 (64.1%) GPA patients were PR3-ANCA positive. Median serum creatinine and CRP were 147 μmol/L (IQR: 82.5-283.5) and 112 mg/l (IQR: 14-202) respectively. Median follow-up was 37 months (IQR: 18-86). 15 (38.5%) experienced at least one relapse. 7 cardiac relapse occurred in 4 GPA patients, mostly pericarditis (5/7). 13 (33.3%) GPA patients died during follow-up. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Cardiac manifestations at diagnosis were rare in GPA. They occurred in patients with a severe onset of the disease and close treatment and monitoring is critical. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
India increases retirement age of government doctors to 65
Authors: Sanjeet Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Health experts in India have welcomed a move by the prime minister, Narendra Modi, to increase the retirement of age of doctors employed by the central government from 60-62 to 65 years to meet the shortfall of doctors in the country.

Figures for 2015 show that India has one government doctor for every 11 528 people.1 The shortage of doctors especially affects poor people, who depend …
The prognostic value of serum and pleural fluid vascular endothelial growth factor levels in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Authors: Konstantinos N. Syrigos, Ioannis Gkiozos, Sofia Tsagouli, Andriani Charpidou, Dimitra Grapsa, Elias Kainis, Christina Gratziou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e19100 Background: Previous studies have suggested that higher pretreatment serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels may be associated with reduced survival in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). However, the independent prognostic value of this biomarker remains largely controversial, while little is known about the potential clinical relevance of pleural fluid VEGF levels. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of pretreatment serum and pleural fluid VEGF levels in NSCLC patients presenting with malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Methods: Forty consecutive newly diagnosed NSCLC patients with MPE at presentation but without distant metastases were prospectively enrolled. Serum and pleural fluid VEGF levels were assayed by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). ROC curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off value for serum VEGF to discriminate between patients and healthy subjects. Serum and pleural fluid VEGF levels were correlated with standard clinicopathological parameters, including gender, age, smoking history, performance status (PS), histological type of tumor and treatment response. The prognostic value of each variable for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed by Cox regression analysis. Results: The median serum VEGF levels were significantly higher in patients as compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001), while the optimal cut-off of serum VEGF was 375 pg/ml, with a sensitivity and specificity of 76.9% and 98.0%, respectively. Serum VEGF more than 375 pg/ml, pleural fluid VEGF over the median value and the presence of progressive disease, were all significantly associated with reduced OS and PFS, both in univariate and in multivariate analysis. A statistically significant correlation was also observed between serum and pleural fluid VEGF levels (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Increased pretreatment serum and pleural fluid levels of VEGF may be independent predictors of a worse survival in advanced-stage NSCLC patients. Furthermore, pretreatment serum VEGF levels may be useful in discriminating between NSCLC patients and healthy subjects.
Serum Lipid and Fat Tolerance Determinations in Controlled Diabetics
Authors: D BERKOWITZ
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Limit setting on drug abuse in methadone maintenance patients
Authors: J J McCarthy, O T Borders
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

In this prospective study the authors examined the effects of setting limits on continued drug abuse in patients receiving methadone maintenance. Subjects were randomly assigned either to structured treatment (drug use exceeding set limits resulted in methadone withdrawal) or to unstructured treatment (no consequences attended continued drug use). The structured treatment resulted in significantly less drug use and greater retention in the program. The authors conclude that these results confirm the importance of external structure in the treatment of addiction-related psychopathology.
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;The Lewis Chessmen&lt;/emph&gt;
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HDAC inhibitor-mediated radiosensitization of human cancer cells: Class differences and the potential influence of p53.
Authors: In-Ah Kim, Jin-Hee Shin, Il-Han Kim, Jae-Sung Kim, Hong-Gyun Wu, Eui-Kyu Chie, Sung-Whan Ha, Charn-Il Park, Gary D. Kao
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

5039   Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have now shown antineoplastic activity against a number of hematologic and solid malignancies. However, as most agents now in clinical trials were not initially discovered as HDAC inhibitors, enzyme inhibition is suboptimal, resulting in variable activity and potency. Consequently, we examined a rationally designed agent, HDACI-42, developed specifically for ideal insertion into the active site “pocket” of the enzyme, in a number of ovarian cancer cell lines. Following 72-hr treatment, HDACI-42 exhibited potent anti-growth activity against SKOV-3 (1.9 μM IC50), A2780 (0.4 μM IC50), and cisplatin-resistant CP70 (0.6 μM IC50) cells, as assessed by MTT assay. Those effective doses were similar to or lower than those of the well-known HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). In normal ovarian surface epithelial cells, HDACI-42 possessed an IC50 of 8.9 μM, less toxic than SAHA (IC50 of 6.3 μM). To examine possible mechanisms of HDACI-42 growth inhibition, quantitative RT-PCR was performed, using RNA from 24-h drug-treated cells, to assess drug-mediated gene induction. That analysis showed that HDACI-42 likely exerts its effects through both p53-dependent cascades, as shown by upregulation of  NOXA  (3-fold), and p53-independent cascades, as demonstrated by induction of  γ-globin  (45-fold), in the p53-positive cell line A2780. The p53 target gene  p21 , by contrast, was upregulated in both p53-negative and -positive cells, suggesting that p53 was not fully necessary for induction. While HDACI-42 is a “classical” HDAC inhibitor, as evidenced by increased acetylation of histone H3, it also demonstrated nonhistone effects, as shown by reduced deacetylation of α-tubulin. In summary, this unique HDAC inhibitor is a promising preclinical candidate for the treatment of human ovarian cancer.