tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2099: RNA from brush cytology to noninvasively screen for oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Antonia Kolokythas, Joel L. Schwartz, Suchismita Panda, Mitchell J. Bosman, Kristen Pytynia, Alexander Yeung, Guy R. Adami
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Much effort is invested in defining gene expression changes that can be monitored in surgical and biopsy samples of oral lesions to identify oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a cancer that strikes over 30000 people in the United States each year. There is an extensive list of genes shown to be differentially expressed in surgically obtained oral tumor tissue versus normal, non-malignant, tissue. These have been catalogued over the years and have the potential to inform OSCC characterization. At the same time noninvasive detection and diagnosis of OSCC is a goal that is being explored using a number of methods including brush oral cytology. Using RNA from oral cells obtained with brush cytology we tested levels of mRNAs of 22 genes shown to be differentially expressed in surgically obtained OSCC and normal tissue. Of these 10 showed differential expression in our training set of 12 tumor versus 18 non-malignant lesion samples all from tobacco users. Using Support Vector Machines an algorithm was developed that provided class prediction based on a subset 5 of these mRNAs. With the exception of one case, cross validation during training revealed that this OSCC classifier showed greater than 92% accuracy in differentiating OSCC from non-malignant oral lesions. We will report on its accuracy for correctly identifying OSCC samples in a validation set of RNA from brush cytology samples from an independent set of samples. This test of this methodology using RNA from brush cytology in identifying OSCC highlights the possibility of developing an RNA based classifier from brush cytology to screen for OSCC and perhaps pre-malignancies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2099. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2099
Lymphangioma of the anal canal: first description of the endoscopic features
Authors: Tomohiko Mannami, Satoru Seno, Hiroshi Sonobe, Genyo Ikeda, Takeshi Kambara, Yasuyuki Ohtawa, Toshihiko Waku
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

A 42-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for the work-up of iron deficiency anemia. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) did not reveal a bleeding source. The appearances on total colonoscopy were normal except for a 20-mm submucosal tumor in the left lateral anal canal ([Fig. 1]). The tumor could be compressed with the endoscope, indicating that it was soft. It was also translucent and lustrous. The tumor and the mucosa surrounding its base were lined with stratified squamous epithelium.
Three-Phase 99mTc MDP Bone Scintigraphy and SPECT-CT in Sinus Tarsi Syndrome
Authors: Sharjeel Usmani, Fawaz Abu Al Huda, Farida Al Kandari
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

Sinus tarsi syndrome is a pain in the lateral side of the hind foot that is responsive to injection of local anesthetic agents. We report a case of a 42-year-old man who presented with pain over the lateral aspect of the right foot. Laboratory investigations and x-ray were normal. Bone scintigraphy showed hyperemia and increase tracer uptake in right hind foot. SPECT-CT localizes this uptake at the inferior aspect of the talus and superior aspects of the calcaneus. Diagnosis of sinus tarsi syndrome was made on the basis of history, clinical examination, and bone scintigraphy findings. Local conservative therapy was initiated.
P61 Bone mineral density loss in tenofovir treated Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) patients is a consequence of Vitamin D deficiency and not Tenofovir therapy
Authors: U. S. Gill, S. Al-shamma, K. Burke, V. Ross, R. T. C. Marley, P. Kooner, G. R. Foster, P. T. F. Kennedy
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) is now established as a very potent oral antiviral (OAV) agent in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, as treatment with this OAV is often indefinite and potentially lifelong, concerns remain about its long-term safety. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) loss has been described in TDF treated HIV patients, but limited data exist for HBV treated patients. Furthermore, BMD loss has also been described in chronic liver disease in addition to being reported with certain patient characteristics. <h3>Aim</h3> The aim of this study was to determine the impact of TDF on BMD in an ethnically diverse HBV infected population undergoing long-term treatment with this agent. <h3>Method</h3> CHB patients treated with TDF for a minimum of 12 months were recruited to this single centre study. Patients were prospectively offered a dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Serum bone profile and Vitamin D levels were requested simultaneously. BMD loss was defined by WHO criteria; T-score &lt; −2.5 (osteoporosis) and between −1 and −2.5 (osteopenia). 107 consecutive TDF treated patients were included (78 males), median age 45 (range 26–64). A control group, 27 CHB patients (19 males), median age 32 (range 20–61), with no TDF exposure were also studied. Data on gender, ethnicity, BMI, fibrosis stage, co-morbidities and drug history were recorded in all subjects. Analysis was performed with SPSS V.19. <h3>Results</h3> BMD loss was present in 44% of the treatment group (osteopenia 81%, osteoporosis 19%) and in 44% of the control group (osteopenia 83%, osteoporosis 17%) (p=0.21). In the ethnically diverse population studied, there was more marked BMD loss in the non-white population (47%, treated group; 45%, controls) compared with the white population (30%, treated group; 40%, controls). By univariate analysis age, gender, ethnicity, fibrosis stage, BMI, co-morbidities and low Vitamin D level were all significant for reduced BMD (p≤0.05, all variables). On multivariate analysis gender, ethnicity, BMI, fibrosis, co-morbidities and Vitamin D all met statistical significance for a reduction in BMD, but Vitamin D deficiency only was significant for the presence of osteoporosis (p=0.0001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our results demonstrate the prevalence of reduced BMD in CHB patients of diverse ethnicity and identify Vitamin D deficiency and not TDF as the likely cause. This cross-sectional study does not exclude the potential for BMD loss with TDF and further longitudinal studies are required to determine its effect on BMD over time. Vitamin D deficiency should be appropriately treated to avoid any potential for BMD loss associated with TDF when considering treatment with this OAV agent.
Autonomous Thyroid Adenoma, Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, and Ectopic Parathyroid Adenoma in a Patient With Primary Hyperparathyroidism and a Nontoxic Multinodular Goiter
Authors: IAN D. KIRKWOOD, BARRY E. CHATTERTON, PETER MALYCHA, S. GUHA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Dual radionuclide parathyroid scintigraphy with Tc-99m pertechnetate and TI-201 was performed before surgery in a 52-year-old woman with primary hyperparathyroidism and a nontoxic multinodular goiter. The study did not locate a parathyroid adenoma, but it detected an autonomous thyroid adenoma. A parathyroid exploration and a total thyroidectomy did not cure the hyperparathyroidism. Two occult papillary thyroid carcinomas were removed. Subsequently, Tc-99m sestamibi, CT, and MRI visualized an ectopic parathyroid adenoma overlying the ascending aorta missed with TI-201. This case shows the superiority of Tc-99m sestamibi to TI-201 in localizing an ectopic parathyroid adenoma and exemplifies the pitfalls in dual radionuclide subtraction parathyroid scintigraphy caused by coexisting benign or malignant thyroid disease.
Ga-67–Avid Massive Cellulitis Within a Chronic Lymphedematous Limb in a Survivor of Hodgkin’s Disease
Authors: KAZUYOSHI SUGA, MISAKO ARIGA, KAZUMI MOTOYAMA, AKIKO HARA, NORIHIKO KUME, NAOFUMI MATSUNAGA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

SUGA, KAZUYOSHI M.D.; ARIGA, MISAKO M.D.; MOTOYAMA, KAZUMI M.D.; HARA, AKIKO M.D.; KUME, NORIHIKO M.D.; MATSUNAGA, NAOFUMI M.D. Author Information
TCTAP A-110 Impact of the Distribution of Hemodynamically Significant Coronary Stenosis Assessed by Fractional Flow Reserve on the Patency of Bypass Graft
Authors: Hiroshi Aoki, Yasutsugu Shiono, Takashi Kubo, Makoto Orii, Takashi Yamano, Yoshiki Matsuo, Yasushi Ino, Tomoyuki Yamaguchi, Atsushi Tanaka, Takashi Akasaka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
S16 A Randomised Controlled Trial Of Atorvastatin As A Stable Treatment In Bronchiectasis
Authors: P. Mandal, J. Chalmers, M. Sidhu, D. Davidson, A. Rossi, A. Hill
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Bronchiectasis is characterised by chronic cough, sputum production, and recurrent chest infections. Pathogenesis is poorly understood, but excess neutrophilic airway inflammation is seen. Evidence suggests that statins have pleiotropic effects; therefore these drugs could be a potential anti-inflammatory treatment for patients with bronchiectasis. We did a proof-of-concept randomised controlled trial to establish if atorvastatin could reduce cough in patients with bronchiectasis. In addition, we wanted to establish the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of statins contributing to this. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients aged 18–79 years were recruited from the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. Participants had clinically significant bronchiectasis confirmed by chest CT and two or more chest infections in the preceding year. Individuals were randomly allocated to receive either atorvastatin (80 mg) or a placebo, orally once a day for 6 months. Primary endpoint was reduction in cough from baseline to 6 months, measured by the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) score (range 3–21; 3 severe cough; minimum clinically important difference, 1·3 units). <h3>Findings</h3> (i) RCT 30 individuals were assigned atorvastatin and 30 were allocated placebo. There was evidence of a difference in baseline to 6-month change in LCQ between the treatment groups, with a significant improvement in the statin treated group, with a mean difference 2.2, 95% CI for difference (0.5, 3.9) p = 0.01. When analysed as proportion of improvement in LCQ, in the statin treated group 40% patients had a 1.3 Units or more improvement in the LCQ compared with 17% in the placebo group; difference in proportion 23% (95% CI for difference 1%, 45%), p = 0.04. There was significantly increased number of apoptotic airway neutrophils [mean difference of 8.9 (11.7); p = 0.04] with a trend towards a decreased total number of neutrophils in the sputum; p = 0.09; in statin treated group. (ii) <i>In vitro</i> studies Statins enhance apoptosis of neutrophils <i>in vitro</i> due to a reduction in stimuli induced increase in calcium flux. <h3>Interpretation</h3> 6 months of atorvastatin improved cough on a quality-of-life scale in patients with bronchiectasis. Multicentre studies are now needed to assess whether long-term statin treatment can reduce exacerbations. Further studies are needed to establish if statins regulate Ca<sup>2+</sup> flux by altering the intracellular or extracellular pathways.
Breathtaking research.
Authors: M May
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Although the air we breathe is necessary for life, certain factors may make this same air detrimental to our health. For instance, a seemingly endless list of compounds can be toxic at certain concentrations, and inhaling such compounds may lead to damage in different parts of the body. To investigate the particular effects of inhaled toxicants, the NIEHS developed the Respiratory Toxicology Group. The group, which consists of toxicologist Dan Morgan, biologist Cassandra Shines, and engineer Michael Moorman, has been conducting experiments for about a decade at the NIEHS inhalation facility. Morgan says the group typically conducts studies of chemicals that have been nominated to the National Toxicology Program for investigation into their carcinogenic potential and other end points. "We provide research support and conduct special studies on these chemicals," he says. "We also do collaborative studies with other NIEHS investigators, other [federal] agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Energy, universities, and industry."
Abstract 2966A: A comprehensive investigation of insertional variations of human endogenous retrovirus elements in tumor tissues
Authors: Tomoaki Kahyo, Hidetaka Yamada, Hong Tao, Yusuke Inoue, Nobuya Kurabe, Haruhiko Sugimura
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) is a member of LTR-retrotransposon family. Retroviral invasions are thought to have occurred in the germ cell lines of human or human ancestors, and the fixed retroviral elements are recognized as HERV. A complete HERV sequence contains two long terminal repeats (LTRs) located at both ends. Because intact LTRs possess the highly conserved transcriptional promoter- and enhancer-sequences, to investigate insertional variations of HERV is a key process for understanding the etiology of human genetic diseases that remain unclear with the analyses targeting single nucleotide variations. However, genome-wide investigation of repetitive sequences including HERV is methodologically difficult, and comprehensive understanding of insertional variations of HERV, including a somatic retrotransposition of HERV, remains poor. In the previous study, we have identified two novel insertional polymorphisms of solo LTRs using the inverse PCR and cloning methods, and one of them was involved with the susceptibility to lung adenocarcinoma. Here, we detected multiple novel LTR loci in the human cancer tissues by developing the high-throughput sequencing method combined with inverse PCR. In this system, to preferentially detect insertional variations, primer sequences were designed based on the conserved region of the LTRs which have an identical sequence to the mate within the same HML-2 proviruse, because almost of known HERV insertional polymorphisms are found in HML-2, which is thought to be the most recently endogenized element of HERV, and the presence of an identical LTR sequence at both ends is necessary for the retrotransposition of exogenous retrovirus. The sequence reads generated from the high-throughput sequencer were trimmed, and the fragments consistent with the inverse PCR process were selected. Following the mapping to the reference genome, the sites not corresponding to known LTR loci were sorted out and subjected to the filtration to exclude the artificial fragments. As the result, some candidates of novel LTR loci were detected, and several of them were verified to be actually present both in tumor and non-tumor genomes using the Sanger method, suggesting they are insertional polymorphisms. By using this detection system, we are now challenging to investigate a novel LTR site specifically detected in tumor genome. Citation Format: Tomoaki Kahyo, Hidetaka Yamada, Hong Tao, Yusuke Inoue, Nobuya Kurabe, Haruhiko Sugimura. A comprehensive investigation of insertional variations of human endogenous retrovirus elements in tumor tissues. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2966A. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2966A
ERCP for altered Roux-en-Y anatomy: a single-balloon or short double-balloon enteroscope?
Authors: M. Matsushita, M. Shimatani, T. Ikeura, M. Takaoka, K. Okazaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

We read with interest the article by Saleem et al. [1] on the use of single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in 50 patients (56 procedures) with altered Roux-en-Y anatomy. After failed ERCP with a conventional colonoscope in 22 procedures, ERCP with SBE was successful in 15 / 22 (68 %) procedures. Overall diagnostic and therapeutic successes were achieved in 39 / 56 (70 %) and 21 / 23 (91 %) procedures, respectively. Because a single-balloon enteroscope has a 200-cm working length, they used a limited selection of long accessories, and called for development of longer-length accessories. We believe that the use of short double-balloon enteroscopy (s-DBE) would solve the problem.
LOW PLATELET COUNT AND FATAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A POPULATION BASED ANALYSIS
Authors: Venkat Vuddanda, Abhishek Goyal, Marjan Mujib, Sahil Khera, Dhaval Kolte, Wilbert Aronow, Sachin Sule, William Frishman, Howard Cooper, Julio Panza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
NI-23 * BRAIN BREAST METASTASES RESPOND TO ANTI-ANGIOGENIC THERAPY BY MODES OF VASCULAR NORMALIZATION
Authors: K. Emblem, M. Pinho, V. Chandra, E. Gerstner, S. Stufflebeam, G. Sorenson, G. Harris, R. Freedman, J. Sohl, J. Younger, I. Krop, E. Winer, N. Lin
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: As systemic therapy improves, brain metastases are increasingly common in patients with breast cancer. Unfortunately, effective therapy with durable control has remained elusive [1]. Combining bevacizumab and cyototoxic chemotherapy is an appealing approach as the anti-angiogenic effect of bevicizumab may improve delivery of cytotoxic drugs to brain tumors. METHODS: We conducted a Phase II study of patients with parenchymal brain metastasis treated with bevacizumab and carboplatin [2]. Patients could have any hormone receptor status or any number of prior therapies. Patients with HER2+ breast cancer also received trastuzamab. Correlative perfusion MRI scans to look at tumor perfusion, blood volume, vessel calibers and relative oxygen saturation (ΔSO2) levels were performed at baseline, day 1, and after 2 months of therapy [3, 4]. For consistency, the largest contrast-enhancing lesion in each patient visible on all three MR visits was selected for analysis. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients were enrolled in the study of which 32 had, paired evaluable imaging datasets. Compared to baseline, 12/32 patients were identified as responders by a durable increase in ΔSO2 levels at day 1 and at 2 months above a 5% measurement error threshold. The remaining patients were identified by stable (15/32) or reduced (5/32) ΔSO2 levels. Patients responding to therapy showed increased tumor perfusion (Mann-Whitney; P<0.01) and prolonged survival (625 versus 400 days, Cox regression; P<0.05) Fig. 1B). A collective and selective pruning of macroscopic tumor vessels (>10 µm) were seen across all patients. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to primary brain tumors [2, 3], perfusion MRI demonstrates that anti-angiogenic therapy can induce vascular normalization in a subset of patients with metastatic breast cancer to the brain. Our data indicate that the vascular response may also be associated with improved survival. [1] Lin NU, Lancet Oncol 2013 [2] Sorensen AG, Cancer Res 2012 [3] Emblem KE, Nat Med 2013
Abstract 459: Caveolin-1 mediated signaling and proliferation is regulated through the oxygen sensing pathway
Authors: Chao Ying Xu, Yi Wang, Olga Roche, Michael Ohh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a multifunctional scaffolding protein with multiple binding partners that is associated with cell surface caveolae and the regulation of lipid raft domains. Cav-1 regulates multiple cancer-associated processes including cellular transformation, tumour growth, cell death and survival, and multidrug resistance. A high expression of Cav-1 is found in various cancer , including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC), correlating with large, high grade tumors and poor prognosis. However, the role of Cav-1 in the oncogenesis of CCRCC remains unclear, and its role as either an oncogene or tumour suppressor is still under debate. Here, we investigated the mechanism of Cav-1 in controlling cell proliferation using in vitro and in vivo assays. We report that Cav-1 is highly expressed in tumour compared to normal tissue in patients with CCRCC, thus Cav-1 likely functions as an oncogene. Upon knock-down of Cav-1, tumour cells (786-VHL-/-) showed a decrease in proliferation. We showed that Cav-1 is associating with EGFR, a receptor tyrosine kinase, to activate the Ras-RAF-MEK-ERK kinase pathway and induce cell proliferation. We found that Cav-1 binds to EGFR in immunoprecipitation. The Ras pathway is upregulated in cells overexpressing Cav-1 after EGF stimulation. Upon knockdown of Cav-1, the level of p-ERK, p-MEK, and p-c-Raf decreased, as well as the rate of cell proliferation. Upstream of the Ras pathway, we report that Cav-1 appears to be under the control of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Under hypoxia, VHL (the principal negative regulator of HIF) is downregulated, thus leading to upregulation of HIF. We showed that under hypoxia, Cav-1 increased in 786-VHL, Hela and A431 cell lines. Similarly, cells with VHL loss (786-VHL-/-), thus high HIF level, had high levels of Cav-1. We are currently examining the role of Cav-1 in tumour growth by injecting SCID mice with either 786-VHL-/-, or Cav-1 knock-down 786-VHL-/- tumour cells. Since Cav-1 level seems to be under the control of HIF in renal, cervical and squamous carcinoma cell lines, it suggests that the oxygen sensing pathway plays a general role in controlling cell proliferation through upregulating Cav-1. Cav-1 should be considered as a target for drug design as the knock down of Cav-1 decreased cell proliferation and could potentially decrease tumour growth. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 459.
Problems and Progress With Pap Smear Screening Reviewed
Authors: N. Volkers
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Problems and Progress With Pap Smear Screening Reviewed Get access Nancy Volkers Nancy Volkers Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 22, 18 November 1992, Pages 1694–1695, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.22.1694 Published: 18 November 1992
RIGHT VENTRICULAR LONGITUDINAL STRAIN: A SUPERIOR MEASURE OF OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Karima Addetia, Francesco Maffessanti, Karen Dugan, Michael Wilkinson, Mardi Gomberg-Maitland, Victor Mor-Avi, Roberto Lang, Amit Patel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
3 × 14 mg/m2 Idarubicin during induction: results of a pilot study in children with AML
Authors: U Creutzig, D Körholz, CM Niemeyer, K Kabisch, N Graf, A Reiter, H Scheel-Walter, Ch Bender-Götze, W Behnisch, J Hermann, G Mann, J Ritter, M Zimmermann
Journal: Leukemia (2000)