tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SAT0618 Age and Pre-Treatment with Glucocorticoids Influence the B-Mode and Power Doppler Ultrasound (PDUS) Synovitis Scores at the Onset of Inflammatory arthritis
Authors: K. Albrecht, J. Callhoff, A. Zink, M. Backhaus
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Chimpanzees are used for a variety of disease models such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, where Ag-specific T cells are thought to be critical for resolution of infection. The variable segments of the TCR αβ genes are polymorphic and contain putative binding sites for MHC class I and II molecules. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of genes that comprise the TCR β variable gene (TCRBV) repertoire of the common chimpanzee <i>Pan troglodytes</i>. We identified 42 <i>P. troglodytes</i> TCRBV sequences representative of 25 known human TCRBV families. BV5, BV6, and BV7 are multigene TCRBV families in humans and homologs of most family members were found in the chimpanzee TCRBV repertoire. Some of the chimpanzee TCRBV sequences were identical with their human counterparts at the amino acid level. Notably four successfully rearranged TCRBV sequences in the chimpanzees corresponded to human pseudogenes. One of these TCR sequences was used by a cell line directed against a viral CTL epitope in an HCV-infected animal indicating the functionality of this V region in the context of immune defense against pathogens. These data indicate that some TCRBV genes maintained in the chimpanzee have been lost in humans within a brief evolutionary time frame despite remarkable conservation of the chimpanzee and human TCRBV repertoires. Our results predict that the diversity of TCR clonotypes responding to pathogens like HCV will be very similar in both species and will facilitate a molecular dissection of the immune response in chimpanzee models of human diseases.
Effect of Hormones on Podophyllin-Induced Vaginal Atypias
Authors: T S KLINE
Journal: JAMA (1963)

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Etiology and Pathogenesis of Insulin-Dependent DiabetesMellitus.
Authors: G Klöppel, A Clemens
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Type I and type II diabetes are the most common types of diabetes. The ratio of type I to type II diabetes is about 1:9. Type I diabetes is caused by absolute insulin deficiency and is therefore referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes. The disease becomes manifest clinically in childhood or adolescence ("juvenile diabetes"), though manifestation in adulthood is increasingly being observed. Morphologically a subtotal (> 80%) to total loss of beta cells in the pancreatic islets occurs. Lymphocytic insulitis, which disappears after the beta cells have been totally destroyed, is pathognomonic of type I diabetes. This insulitis is an expression of an autoimmune event that is triggered by a multitude of factors. An important factor appears to be a genetic predisposition (HLA DR3/DR4/DQ8) in connection with as yet unknown environmental factors (e.g., viruses). Autoantibodies, such as islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies (ICA), insulin autoantibodies (IAA) and/or autoantibodies to the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid carboxylase (GAD), are already detectable in a prediabetic phase, though it is not possible to predict the time of clinical manifestation. The course of the disease is dependent on age. Young children require insulin therapy sooner than juveniles or adults.
Reply
Authors: Patrick Starlinger, Alice Assinger
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. We appreciate the critical letter by Lisman and Porte following our recently published article. Indeed, we only investigated liver function, not liver growth. However, the two processes are tightly linked, and functional liver regeneration is clinically more relevant than volumetric liver growth. We agree with the authors that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) not exclusively derives from platelets, which we also stated in our article.1 However, platelet‐derived VEGF provides a rapidly available source of VEGF. In the article cited by the authors, Shimizu et al. reported that VEGF messenger RNA levels of isolated rat hepatocytes increase only 24 hours after partial hepatectomy, with a gradual increase of VEGF protein levels peaking at 72 hours.2 Accordingly, the increase in circulating VEGF in the liver vein, which we observed 2 hours after liver resection, most likely represents release of a preformed pool and not de novo synthesized hepatocyte‐derived VEGF. As platelets are a major source of circulating VEGF, their contribution seems likely, specifically as platelets accumulate within the liver shortly after liver resection.1 We have now evaluated the intraplatelet VEGF content in the 37 patients within our study cohort. In line with our results on VEGF plasma levels in patients undergoing hepatectomy, we observed that platelet‐stored VEGF decreased almost exclusively in patients without postoperative liver dysfunction, thereby further indicating the relevance of selective α‐granule release during liver regeneration (Fig. 1).Figure 1: Intraplatelet VEGF decreases only in patients without postoperative liver dysfunction. VEGF content of isolated platelets of 37 patients undergoing liver resection significantly decreased in patients without postoperative liver dysfunction, while patients suffering from postoperative liver dysfunction showed no significant decrease in platelet‐stored VEGF after liver resection. n (No LD) = 31, n (LD) = 6; **P < 0.01. Abbreviations: LD, liver dysfunction; POD1, postoperative day 1; PreOP, preoperative.There are several differences between the results of Lisman and Porte and our study. Most importantly, they did not observe any significant changes of plasma VEGF at the onset of liver regeneration in their cohort. Furthermore, they found substantially higher VEGF levels compared to our previous reports.3 In this context, we would like to stress that plasma preparation is prone to artifacts as platelets are highly sensitive to in vitro activation.3 Therefore, it is mandatory to use the citrate, theophylline, adenosine, and dipyridamole mixture as an anticoagulant for plasma preparation and to process samples within 30 minutes at 4°C to determine platelet‐derived VEGF. These technical aspects, as well as the limited number of patients, might partly explain the discrepancy between the results obtained by Lisman and Porte and our observations.
AIMP2 Controls Intestinal Stem Cell Compartments and Tumorigenesis by Modulating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling
Authors: Min Kyu Yum, Jong-Seol Kang, Al-Eum Lee, Young-Woo Jo, Ji-Yun Seo, Hyun-A Kim, Yoon-Young Kim, Jinwoo Seong, Eun Byul Lee, Ji-Hoon Kim, Jung Min Han, Sunghoon Kim, Young-Yun Kong
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Wnt/β-catenin (CTNNB1) signaling is crucial for the proliferation and maintenance of intestinal stem cells (ISC), but excessive activation leads to ISC expansion and eventually colorectal cancer. Thus, negative regulators are required to maintain optimal levels of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional proteins (AIMP) function in protein synthesis, but have also been implicated in signaling cascades affecting angiogenesis, immunity, and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the relationship between AIMP2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in a murine model of intestinal homeostasis and tumorigenesis. Hemizygous deletion of Aimp2 resulted in enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling, increased proliferation of cryptic epithelial cells, and expansion of ISC compartments. In an Apc(Min/+) background, Aimp2 hemizygosity increased adenoma formation. Mechanistically, AIMP2 disrupted the interaction between AXIN and Dishevelled-1 (DVL1) to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling by competing with AXIN. Furthermore, AIMP2 inhibited intestinal organoid formation and growth by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling in an Aimp2 gene dosage-dependent manner. Collectively, our results showed that AIMP2 acts as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor that fine-tunes Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the intestine, illuminating the regulation of ISC abundance and activity. Cancer Res; 76(15); 4559-68. ©2016 AACR.
AB0555 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with or Without Anti-Dsdna Antibodies: not so Different
Authors: C. Perricone, F. Ceccarelli, L. Massaro, C. Alessandri, F.R. Spinelli, E. Marocchi, F. Miranda, S. Truglia, G. Valesini, F. Conti
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, characterized by the production of a wide range of autoantibodies, resulting from polyclonal B cells activation, impaired apoptotic pathways, or idiotypic network dysregulation. The anti-double stranded DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA) are considered a specific marker for SLE, due to their high frequency, sensitivity and specificity (57.3% and 97.4%, respectively). Moreover, their identification in other pathological conditions and in healthy subjects is very rare (less than 0.5%). These antibodies have been associated with kidney involvement and disease activity, however, a comparison between large cohorts of SLE patients with or without anti-dsDNA is lacking. <h3>Objectives</h3> We aimed at evaluating the demographic, clinical, and laboratory features of SLE patients according with the anti-dsDNA status. <h3>Methods</h3> According with the anti-dsDNA status<i>,</i> we identified three groups of patients: Group 1 (persistently positive); Group 2 (positive at diagnosis who became negative); Group 3 (persistently negative). Disease activity was assessed using the European Consensus Lupus Activity Measurement (ECLAM). <h3>Results</h3> We evaluated 393 SLE patients (Group 1: 62.3%; Group 2: 13.3%; Group 3: 24.4%). The renal involvement was significantly more frequent in those patients who were persistently positive for anti-dsDNA (P=0.001). Conversely, serositis resulted significant more frequent in those persistently negative (P&lt;0.0001). The anti-RNP and the reduction of C4 serum levels were found significantly more frequently in Group 1 and 2 (P=0.04, P=0.005). The anti-dsDNA status did not influence disease activity (ECLAM group 1 vs group 2 vs group 3 =NS). Finally, the therapeutic approach was not different between the groups except for the use of cyclosporine A which was more frequently prescribed in the persistently positive patients (60 patients, 24.5%) compared to Group 2 and 3 [9 (17.3%) and 12 (12.5%) patients, respectively; P=0.01]. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The main clinical feature associated with anti-dsDNA positivity is the kidney involvement. Nonetheless, disease activity evaluated with ECLAM, thus with an index which does not include anti-dsDNA evaluation, does not seem to be influenced by the presence of anti-dsDNA. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Fast Achievement Of a First Metabolic Complete Remission In a Lung Transtplanted Patient With Multiple Comorbidities and a CD30 Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (T-PTLD/ALCL) By Treatment With Brentuximab Vedotin Monotherapy
Authors: Ella Willenbacher, Alfons Kreczy, Christian Uprimny, Brigitte Bucher, Guenther A. Gastl, Wolfgang Willenbacher
Journal: Blood (2013)
When doctors listen: counseling patterns of nonpsychiatrist physicians
Authors: R A Schurman, J B Mitchell, P D Kramer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

Recent work has shown that nonpsychiatrist physicians are surprisingly active in the mental health arena. Using the two most recent National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys (1980-1981), the authors analyzed the provision of counseling services by general medical physicians in more detail. Office visits involving counseling were a third again as long as the average office visit (20 minutes versus 15) and involved notably more diagnostic and therapeutic services. Although patients who received counseling services from nonpsychiatrist physicians were generally not mentally ill, about one in eight did have a psychiatric diagnosis and might have been better served in the mental health sector.
Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Authors: Harald C Ott, Doris A Taylor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

to the editor: Recent studies have shown that endothelial progenitor cells are mobilized within a few hours after acute myocardial infarction, and the level of these cells in peripheral blood remains elevated for up to several days or weeks in patients with acute myocardial infarction, as compared with patients with stable angina and healthy control subjects.1,2 Among 507 participants in the study by Werner et al. (Sept. 8 issue)3 who had coronary artery disease on angiography, a history of acute, subacute, or myocardial infarction was present in 3.4 percent, 8.5 percent, and 32.1 percent, respectively. The level of endothelial progenitor cells in these patients was elevated to various degrees as a result of previous myocardial infarction. Therefore, categorizing patients according to the level of endothelial progenitor cells without considering the history of myocardial infarction may have caused a misclassification in this study. It is possible that patients who had recently had a myocardial infarction (and therefore were at higher risk for future infarction and death) were wrongly assigned to the group of patients with a medium level or high level of endothelial progenitor cells among those who had never had a myocardial infarction. This potential misclassification may explain the lack of the association between the level of endothelial progenitor cells and the incidence of myocardial infarction and death from all causes or acute myocardial infarction.
Diagnosis of Early Esophageal Cancer
Authors: M. Endo, S. Kobayashi, H. Suzuki, T. Takemoto, K. Nakayama
Journal: Endoscopy (1971)

Some studies on the superficially infiltrated cancer, so-called early cancer, are reported. When the patients had vague sensations referrable to the esophagus, X-ray and esophagoscopic examination were performed routinely. Important endoscopic findings of the early esophageal cancers were the small elevation or the shallow depression associated with slight discoloration and uneven surface. When the esophagoscopic findings were questionable, auxiliary methods for the diagnosis such as aimed biopsy and measurement of counts of radioactive phosphorus under direct vision through the esophagofiberscope, were thought to be very useful.
The Action of Croton Oil in the Induction of Sarcomas in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Michael Klein
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1951)

Journal Article The Action of Croton Oil in the Induction of Sarcomas in Mice Get access Michael Klein Michael Klein Research Fellow National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 11, Issue 4, February 1951, Pages 843–848, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/11.4.843 Published: 01 February 1951 Article history Received: 17 November 1950 Published: 01 February 1951
SAT0289 Predictors of Fragility Humeral Fractures: An Observational Study
Authors: M.H. Dobrzynska, A. Oldroyd, M. Bukhari
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Humerus fractures (HF) are one of osteoporotic fragility fractures. The risk of a humeral fracture and its prediction by measuring bone density (BMD) at different sites has not been performed. Furthermore, the predictive factors of sustaining an isolated humerus fracture as compared to the risk factors of multiple fractures, have not been examined previously. <h3>Objectives</h3> This study aimed to determine the following unexplored areas: A) The predictors of HF by measuring BMD at different sites using a case-control approach; B) The predictors of an isolated HF compared to multiple fractures. <h3>Methods</h3> A cohort of patients with humerus fractures attending for a DEXA scan between 2004 and 2011 were identified. The cohort was divided into two groups: patients with isolated HF versus patients with multiple fractures. Additionally, a control group which had no indication for scanning was age and sex matched with the HF cases. Patients9 characteristics including age at scan, height, weight, body fat, index of multiple deprivation (IMD) scores, BMD scores of the lumbar vertebrae (L1-L4) and the femoral neck were compared between patients with isolated HF versus multiple fractures and between cases and controls. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were applied to identify variables predictive of HF in the case-control group and variables predictive of isolated HF versus multiple fractures. Analyses were adjusted for possible confounders. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 1566 patients were included in the study: 783 cases and 783 controls, inclusive of 684 (87%) females in each group. Cases included 447 patients with isolated HF (86% female) and 336 patients with multiple fractures (89% female). Results of univariate regression analyses are shown in the Table 1 below. In the case-control group, multivariate analysis adjusted for height, weight, body fat and deprivation score, revealed a significant association between having HF and lower BMD in the lumbar spine OR0.03 (95% CI0.01, 0.09) and the femoral neck OR0.01 (95% CI0.002, 0.06). In the isolated versus multiple fractures, multivariate-adjusted analysis showed a significant association between age at scan and sustaining an isolated humerus fracture: lumbar spine OR4.64 (95% CI 2.08, 10.36) and femoral neck OR11.48 (95% CI2.47, 53.34). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study demonstrates that humerus fractures occur with higher body fat content, lower BMD and higher deprivation. Moreover, patients with multiple fractures were older and had lower BMD. Further work on differences between patients with fractures is needed. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Factors That Affect PERCIST-Defined Test-Retest Comparability
Authors: Hui Yuan, Daniel King Hung Tong, Varut Vardhanabhuti, Pek-Lan Khong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting the comparability of F-FDG PET/CT scans using the PERSIST criteria for treatment response evaluation in a clinical PET/CT unit.Patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer were assessed for treatment response by comparing 2 F-FDG PET/CT scans, at baseline (PET 1) and 1 month after the end of induction chemoradiation (PET 2). According to the PERCIST recommendations, patients with mean SUV normalized by the lean body mass within reference volume of interest that changed less than 0.3 unit and less than 20% were deemed as comparable. Absolute differences of body weight, blood glucose level, activity of F-FDG, and uptake time between the 2 scans were computed. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the predictive factors, and receiver operating characteristic curves were used for thresholds. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Sixty-nine subjects were identified. The mean (SD) values at PET 0 and PET 2 were 5.9 (1.04) mmol/L and 6.2 (1.06) mmol/L (P = 0.013), 54.6 (10.0 kg) and 53.3 (10.3 kg) (P = 0.013), 7.7 (1.3 mCi) and 7.6 (1.5 mCi) (P = 0.349), as well as 74.2 (12.4) minutes and 73.0 (12.3) minutes (P = 0.539), for blood glucose level, body weight, injected activity, and uptake time, respectively. Seventeen (24.6%) failed to match the PERCIST-defined comparability criteria. Case-based discrepancies (mean [SD]) were 0.76 (0.62) mmol/L, 3.4 (2.9) kg, 0.8 (0.7) mCi, and 11.7 (9.8) minutes for blood glucose, body weight, injected activity, and uptake time, respectively, of which only uptake time significantly affected comparability (P = 0.046; odds ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.12), with a limit of 2.2-minute discrepancy identified as the requirement for 100% comparability.Uptake time had the strongest effect on PERCIST-defined comparability. Therefore, for response assessment scans, reference to initial scans for determination of optimal uptake time is recommended.