tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Triple-negative breast cancers with amplification of JAK2 at the 9p24 locus demonstrate JAK2-specific dependence
Authors: Justin M. Balko, Luis J. Schwarz, Na Luo, Mónica V. Estrada, Jennifer M. Giltnane, Daniel Dávila-González, Kai Wang, Violeta Sánchez, Phillip T. Dean, Susan E. Combs, Donna Hicks, Joseph A. Pinto, Melissa D. Landis, Franco D. Doimi, Roman Yelensky, Vincent A. Miller, Phillip J. Stephens, David L. Rimm, Henry Gómez, Jenny C. Chang, Melinda E. Sanders, Rebecca S. Cook, Carlos L. Arteaga
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2016)

JAK2 amplification decreases survival in triple-negative breast cancer but can be targeted with JAK2-specific inhibitors.
Metastatic Tumors in the Thyroid Gland.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1931)

Summary. The report contains data from the literature and our own analysis of 10 cases of malignant tumor metastaticspreading to the thyroid gland. The data on frequency, clinical features, difficulties and mistakes in making diagnose andchoose method of treatment are given. Special attention is paid to the metastases of kidney cancer, difficulties in diagnostics ,choice of treatment and poor prognosis. Key words: thyroid gland, metastatic carcinoma, clear cell renal carcinoma.В проблеме злокачественных опухолей щитовиднойжелезы важным остается вопрос о синхронном и метахронном развитии различных новообразований щитовидной железы и опухолей других локализаций. Вновьвыявляемые опухолевые образования после лечениязлокачественных новообразований, как правило, являются следствием прогрессирования основного заболевания. В таких наблюдениях, прежде всего, приходится исключать метастатический характер опухоли щитовидной железы. Метахронные опухоли второй локализации требуют дифференцированного подхода в диагностике и выборе лечебной тактики. Своевременноевыявление изолированных метастазов в щитовиднойжелезе при верифицированной первичной опухоли иотсутствии других метастатических очагов создает предпосылки для их оперативного удаления, улучшениявыживаемости и качества жизни. Вместе с тем, и до настоящего времени существуют диагностические трудности как в распознавании метастатических опухолейщитовидной железы, так и в выявлении первичной опухоли при наличии метастаза в щитовидной железе.Вариабельность клинических проявлений затрудняет своевременную диагностику метастатических опухолей щитовидной железы. В большинстве опубликованных наблюдений метастатические опухоли щитовиднойжелезы были диагностированы как узловой зоб или первичный рак щитовидной железы. Даже в тех наблюдениях, в которых первичная опухоль была распознана,метастатические опухоли нередко диагностировалиськак первичные заболевания щитовидной железы, илишь гистологическое исследование операционногоматериала позволяло верифицировать истинную природу новообразования.О частоте метастазирования злокачественных опухолей в щитовидную железу в литературе приводятсявесьма разноречивые сведения как по данным клинических наблюдений, так и результатов аутопсии. J.Mortensen и соавт. (1956) сообщили о данных аутопсии467 больных с различными злокачественными опухолями, у 18 (3,8%) из которых выявлены метастатические опухоли щитовидной железы [41]. K. Shimaoka исоавт. (1962) по материалам 1999 аутопсий выявили ме
An Evaluation of Sulfonamide Ointment Bases
Authors: Rutledge W. Howard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

THE proved value of the sulfonamides for systemic use has led to a widespread application of these drugs for the treatment of surface infections. Recent studies tend to show that the type of base used as a vehicle for sulfonamides is of great importance. In 1941, Pillsbury and his co-workers1 showed clinically that sulfathiazole is not so effective in an all-grease base as in an oil-in-water emulsion or stearate vanishing-cream base. In 1942, Gurd, Ackman, Gerrie and Pritchard2 likewise pointed out that an oil-in-water emulsion base for sulfonamides is more desirable. Diffusion studies by Waud and Ramsay3 showed that fatty . . .
P48 Identifying exacerbations using symptoms: reading between the lines
Authors: CG Johnson, REK Russell, M Bafadhel
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Exacerbations of COPD are associated with significant morbidity and mortality; however there is no clear consensus to the definition of an exacerbation and this remains subjective. Furthermore, it has been challenging to identify an individual biomarker, be it biological or physiological to identify an exacerbation, although identification of exacerbation phenotypes improves this. Most, if not all, patients report increase in symptoms during an exacerbation, measured using the visual analogue scale, performed on a 100 mm line ranging from no symptoms to worst ever symptoms. However, it is unclear if there is a linear relationship with the increase in VAS symptoms and the onset of an exacerbation. In this study, we seek to mathematically model relationships with the VAS and symptoms of dyspnoea, sputum production, sputum purulence and cough in patients with COPD at stable state and during exacerbations. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with COPD with completed assessments of VAS during both stable state and exacerbations were studied. An exacerbation was defined according to healthcare utilisation and increased symptoms. Classifier algorithms (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis software ®) were run to predict the value of an exacerbation and multiple cross validation was used to assess the predictive accuracy. The Naïve Bayes (based on conditional probability), Multi-layer Perceptron (neural networks), J48 (decision tree) and Random Forest classifier were each run to model relationships. <h3>Results</h3> Data from 149 COPD subjects was collected, with 180 instances of an exacerbation recorded. The mean (SD) VAS (mm) for cough, dyspnoea, sputum production and purulence at baseline was 35 (27), 47 (27), 33 (27) and 28 (25) respectively. At exacerbation there was a significant increase (p &lt; 0.001) for all these parameters compared to stable state (mean difference, 95% CI for VAS cough, VAS dyspnoea, sputum production and purulence was 26 mm (20–32); 25 mm (19–30); 25 mm (19–31) and 25 mm (18–31) respectively. The J48 classifier decision tree had the most predictive accuracy (80%) of identifying an exacerbation (Figure 1), based on VAS and score. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Unbiased mathematical modelling of the VAS may be useful in determining a true exacerbation event. The addition of characterisation based upon VAS may enhance the ability to identify exacerbations.
Elevated Brain Concentrations of 1,4-Benzodiazepines in Fulminant Hepatic Failure
Authors: Anthony S. Basile, Robin D. Hughes, Phillip M. Harrison, Yochiko Murata, Lewis Pannell, E. Anthony Jones, Roger Williams, Phil Skolnick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Increased γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. The mechanism by which GABA-ergic activity is increased in hepatic failure is unclear, but recent studies in animals with encephalopathy due to fulminant hepatic failure suggest that GABA-ergic neurotransmission may be increased by the presence of elevated concentrations of benzodiazepine agonists such as diazepam and N-desmethyldiazepam.
The Natural History of Impaired Glucose Tolerance in the Pima Indians
Authors: Mohammed F. Saad, William C. Knowler, David J. Pettitt, Robert G. Nelson, David M. Mott, Peter H. Bennett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Among 384 Pima Indians with impaired glucose tolerance according to World Health Organization criteria who were followed for 1.6 to 11.5 years (median, 3.3), non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) developed in 118 (31 percent), glucose tolerance remained impaired in 100 (26 percent), and glucose tolerance returned to normal in 166 (43 percent). The cumulative incidence of NIDDM was 25 and 61 percent at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The risk of development of diabetes was 6.3 times (95 percent confidence interval, 3.8 to 10.6) as high as in a normoglycemic control group (n = 752). Variables predicting deterioration to NIDDM were age up to the age of 40, after which increasing age had a beneficial effect; higher plasma glucose levels during fasting and after carbohydrate loading; and higher serum insulin levels after fasting and lower levels after carbohydrate loading, suggesting that insulin resistance and decreased beta-cell responsiveness are important determinants of the clinical outcome of impaired glucose tolerance. Obese subjects had 2.9 times (95 percent confidence interval, 2.0 to 10.9) the incidence of NIDDM as the nonobese. Obesity was not, however, predictive of progression to NIDDM after an adjustment for plasma glucose and serum insulin levels. We conclude that in this population approximately one fourth of subjects with impaired glucose tolerance have NIDDM at five years and two thirds at 10 years (approximately one third revert to normal) and that age and plasma glucose and insulin levels are the best predictors of clinical outcome.
Abstract 3204: Tissue engineered models of metastatic bone disease for the study of prostate cancer cell dormancy
Authors: Yanwan Liao, Jun Jie Aaron Tan, Sahaana Tamilselvan, Jerry Chan, Ruowen Ge, Lui Shiong Lee, Mark Chong
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Cellular dormancy refers to a state of quiescence during metastatic progression, in which disseminated tumor cells enter cell cycle arrest. Such dormant cells are thought to influence cancer drug sensitivity, and strategies have hence emerged to target dormant cells for novel therapeutic approaches. Mechanisms of cellular dormancy remain poorly understood, with current evidence suggesting a major role of the metastatic microenvironment in deciding cell fate. Research in this area, however, is hampered by the lack of appropriate experimental models of cancer cell dormancy. Here, we described the use of tissue engineering methods to generate an in vitro model of bone-metastatic disease. Briefly, human fetal mesenchymal stem cell (hfMSC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) were co-cultured to respectively represent the osteo-progenitor and vascular compartments, and subsequently induced to form a vascularized bone marrow model. Metastatic prostate cancer PC3 cells were then added to simulate metastatic dissemination and the co-culture was maintained for 28 days. Reporter genes were employed to facilitate live-monitoring of HUVEC and PC3 cells in the co-culture. Using this system, we observed single cell dormancy, particularly when osteogenic induction was performed. Additionally, PC3 cells were observed to exert osteo-modulatory effects on the engineered bone microenvironment. Immunostaining for cellular markers indicated low expression of proliferation marker Ki-67 and various mesenchymal markers, indicating absence of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). Dormancy was functionally assessed by retrieving the PC3 cells and subsequently replating under normal culture conditions to rescue cellular proliferation. Finally, drug sensitivity assays demonstrated reduced susceptibility of dormant cells to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. This in vitro model of prostate cancer cell dormancy in the engineered bone marrow may thus be useful for furthering our understanding of cellular dormancy, and may further provide a useful tool for drug testing. Citation Format: Yanwan Liao, Jun Jie Aaron Tan, Sahaana Tamilselvan, Jerry Chan, Ruowen Ge, Lui Shiong Lee, Mark Chong. Tissue engineered models of metastatic bone disease for the study of prostate cancer cell dormancy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3204. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3204
Altered Expression of Cmet and Pik3Ca are Associated with Primary Gastric Cancer
Authors: T. Fleitas, M. Ibarrola-Villava, N. Tarazona, R. Cervera, C. Mongort, S. Navarro, S. Rosello, G. Ribas, J.A. Pérez-Fidalgo, A. Cervantes Ruiperez
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Positive Direct Coombs Tests Due to Cephalothin
Authors: Lyndall Molthan, Marcus M. Reidenberg, Mary F. Eichman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

A TWENTY-SEVEN-year-old woman with rheumatic heart disease had open-heart surgery on April 5, 1966. The direct Coombs tests before operation were negative. She was studied nine days later because of anemia and had a strongly positive direct Coombs test. Isoimmunization to donor cells transfused during surgery was ruled out by an appropriate elution technic. The indirect Coombs test was negative. The patient had been receiving cephalothin (4 gm. daily) in addition to other drugs since April 7. A diagnosis of hemolytic anemia due to cephalothin was considered, blood transfusions were given, and attempts were made to elucidate the mechanism of . . .
Key Tenets of Effective Surgery Leadership
Authors: Todd K. Rosengart, K. Craig Kent, Kirby I. Bland, L. D. Britt, Timothy J. Eberlein, Bruce Labe Gewertz, John G. Hunter, Keith D. Lillemoe, Carlos A. Pellegrini, Richard D. Schulick, Steven Charles Stain, Ronald J. Weigel
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

This Special Communication summarizes the key points raised at the Society of Surgical Chairs mentorship panel sessions held at the 2014 and 2015 annual meetings of the society. Highlights of these expert panel discussions include senior chairs' insights into successfully dealing with increasingly complex academic medical organizations and horizontal department management expectations in the context of the arrival of the Millennial Generation into the work force. Three key tenets of effective surgery leadership that arose from these sessions deal with the importance of (1) collaboration and cooperativity, (2) humanized relationships and mentorship, and (3) operational efficiency. Overall, the panel consensus for the future of surgery leadership was optimistic while recognizing that the demands of chairmanship are considerable.
The value of sequencing germline DNA for accurate determination of somatic mutations in large-panel next-generation-sequencing-based tumor testing.
Authors: Timothy McDaniel, Tracey White, Ahmet Kurdoglu, Janine R LoBello, Gargi Dan Basu, Tyler Izatt, Irene Cherny, Rebecca Halperin, Megan Russell, John D. Carpten, David W. Craig
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e22162 Background: Targeted, highly multiplexed gene analysis using next generation sequencing is an emerging method of screening tumors for therapeutically actionable mutations. An important question in the design of such tests is whether it is sufficient to sequence only the tumor DNA or if there is benefit to also analyzing normal DNA from each patient in order to identify somatic variants based on their absence in the normal sequence. Methods exist for in silico identification of somatic variants in tumor-only sequences, including filtering away common germline variants found in public databases and other methods. In this work, we attempted to address this question in an ongoing data analysis of tumors that had been subjected to paired tumor-normal testing using a large panel sequencing test. Methods: DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded solid tumors and matched normal (from blood) were sequenced using a 560-gene panel which utilizes a custom oligonucleotide bait capture (Agilent, Inc.) as part of library preparation and Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencers. Following standard base calling and alignment methods, somatic variant calling was performed either jointly using paired tumor and normal sequences or from tumor-only sequences followed by filtering against genomic variants. Variants were then assigned therapeutic actionability using a human-curated literature-based rules engine database. Results: In an ongoing analysis of > 50 tumors, we found an average of > 3 false positives per report generated using the tumor-only analysis. Overall, > 90% of reports had at least one false positive when tumor-only analysis was applied. Conclusions: We believe these results demonstrate the value of performing matched tumor-normal analysis when conducting large panel genomic tumor testing for the accurate reporting of somatic mutation.
PTH-117 What are the long- and short-term effects of polymorbidity following resection for colorectal liver metastases?
Authors: A AlDuwaisan, S Pathak, F Khoyratty, D Miskovic, R Prasad
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Increasingly older patients with co-existing co-morbidities are undergoing hepatectomies for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). The primary objective was to ascertain the relationship between comorbidities and outcome (overall survival [OS] and disease free survival [DFS]) for patients undergoing hepatectomies. Secondary objectives included evaluating the effect of comorbidities on complications and length of stay (LOS). <h3>Method</h3> Data from a prospectively maintained database was collected for patients undergoing a liver resection for CRLM between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2012. Patient and tumour demographics, comorbidity status, pathology and outcomes were collected. Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), ASA grade and index disease (ID) systems were used to quantify comorbidities, which were analysed against the primary and secondary outcome measures. <h3>Results</h3> The study included 866 patients, with a mean age of 66 years [range 23–91]. Of the sample population, 65.8% were male. There was a non-significant trend towards poorer survival with increased comorbidity, using the ASA grading system (ASA OS p = 0.07, ASA DFS p = 0.13). CCI showed a significant association with DFS (p = 0.039) but none with OS (p = 0.54). However ID did not show any association with either OS or DFS (ID OS p = 0.53 and ID DFS p = 0.93). Higher ASA grades and ID scores were more likely to be associated with major complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥3) using χ<sup>2</sup>(p = 0.02 for both ASA and ID). Patients with higher ID scores were more likely to have a prolonged LOS (p &lt; 0.01), but no association was found with ASA grade (p = 0.096). CCI did not find any association between LOS (p = 0.31) or complications (p = 0.85). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Comorbidities appear to be associated with poorer survival outcomes. ASA grade and ID scores determine post-operative risk more optimally than CCI. There is an association between increased comorbidities, complication rates and LOS. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Effect of recombinant human interleukin-6 (rhIL-6) and rhIL-3 on hematopoietic regeneration as demonstrated in a nonhuman primate chemotherapy model
Authors: EF Winton, J Srinivasiah, BK Kim, CD Hillyer, EA Strobert, JL Orkin, RB Swenson, HM McClure, LA Myers, R Saral
Journal: Blood (1994)
C9orf72 BAC Mouse Model with Motor Deficits and Neurodegenerative Features of ALS/FTD
Authors: Yuanjing Liu, Amrutha Pattamatta, Tao Zu, Tammy Reid, Olgert Bardhi, David R. Borchelt, Anthony T. Yachnis, Laura P.W. Ranum
Journal: Neuron (2016)
Murine Mammary Tumor Virus Protein Vaccine: Induction of Antivirus Immunity and Inhibition or Acceleration of Growth of Transplanted Mammary Tumors2
Authors: Paula Creemers, Jacqueline Ouwehand, Peter Bentvelzen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Murine Mammary Tumor Virus Protein Vaccine: Induction of Antivirus Immunity and Inhibition or Acceleration of Growth of Transplanted Mammary Tumors Get access Paula Creemers, Paula Creemers Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jacqueline Ouwehand, Jacqueline Ouwehand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter Bentvelzen Peter Bentvelzen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 59, Issue 3, September 1977, Pages 895–903, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/59.3.895 Published: 01 September 1977 Article history Received: 10 August 1976 Accepted: 02 March 1977 Published: 01 September 1977
Lineage-Specific Expression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Receptor/Coreceptors in Differentiating Hematopoietic Precursors: Correlation With Susceptibility to T- and M-Tropic HIV and Chemokine-Mediated HIV Resistance
Authors: C. Chelucci, I. Casella, M. Federico, U. Testa, G. Macioce, E. Pelosi, R. Guerriero, G. Mariani, A. Giampaolo, H.J. Hassan, C. Peschle
Journal: Blood (1999)
Incidence of Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia, Preleukemia, and Acute Myeloproliferative Syndrome up to 10 Years after Treatment of Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Jens Pedersen-Bjergaard, Severin Olesen Larsen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

During the period from 1970 to 1981, 391 nonselected patients with Hodgkin's disease were staged and treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy or both at the Finsen Institute, Copenhagen. Secondary acute nonlymphocytic leukemia or its earlier stages--preleukemia or an acute myeloproliferative syndrome with cytopenia and specific cytogenetic abnormalities of the bone marrow--were observed in 17 patients. A Kaplan-Meier estimate of the cumulative probability of leukemic complications was 3.9 +/- 1.3 per cent (mean +/- S.E.M.) five years after the start of treatment, and 9.9 +/- 2.9 per cent at nine years. All 17 cases of leukemic complications occurred among the 312 patients treated with chemotherapy or combined-modality therapy, whereas no case was observed among 79 patients treated exclusively with radiotherapy (P = 0.003). A significantly increased risk of leukemic complications was observed in chemotherapy-treated patients 40 years old or older (P = 0.001). Despite the observed relatively high risk of secondary leukemia, the rate of death from progressive Hodgkin's disease, nonleukemic complications, and unrelated causes still far exceeds the rate of leukemia-related deaths in these patients.
Lysosomal Mechanisms of Tissue Injury in Arthritis
Authors: Daniel Deykin, Edith E. Parris, Gerald Weissmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

STUDIES during the past decade have indicated that lysosomes mediate, at least in part, acute and chronic inflammation in joints.1 2 3 4 This association in no way implies that etiologic agents have been identified in human arthritis, except in such discrete entities as crystal-induced or infectious arthritis. Two main points have been appreciated, however. First of all, it is clear that materials present in lysosomes can provoke inflammation, tissue injury and breakdown of connective tissue. Secondly, it is the normal function of lysosomes, as part of the "vacuolar apparatus" described by DeDuve,5 to extrude enzymes from cells into surrounding tissues.Since many . . .
Microsensor Monitors Eye Pressure
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal