tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AB0955 Apolipoprotein e and undercaboxylated osteocalcin are associated with bone fragility but not with bone mineral density in osteoarthritis patients
Authors: A.M. Rodrigues, J. Caetano-Lopes, A. Lopes, A.C. Vale, A.S. Pena, A. Faustino, A. Sepriano, B. Vidal, J.C. Romeu, J.A. Pereira da Silva, J. Monteiro, M.F. Vaz, J.E. Fonseca, H. Canhão
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene polymorphisms and undercaboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) and vitamin K have been associated with fragility fractures and low BMD in general population. The aim of this work was to study whether the effect of apoE gene polymorphisms, seric apoE levels and ucOC influence trabecular bone biomechanics and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients submitted to hip replacement surgery due to advanced primary osteoarthritis. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients were evaluated for established clinical risk factors (CRFs) for fracture. A dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed. ApoE genotyping was performed at positions rs429358 and rs7412. Fasting blood samples were collected at the time of surgery to assess the following parameters: seric apoE, ucOC, Vitamin K, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and bone turnover markers. Femoral epiphyses were collected and trabecular bone cylinders were drilled in order to perform compression mechanical tests and analyze bone strength and stiffness. <h3>Results</h3> Forty-four patients were studied (median 70 years of age, 55% women and 90% postmenopausal, BMI of 27.2 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). 6.8% had prevalent fragility fractures, 36% had normal BMD and 64% were osteopenic. The apoE genotype distribution was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the E4 allele, previously documented as the risk allele, was present in 16% of the patients. This allele was significantly associated with lower trabecular strength (p=0.004) and stiffness (p=0.07), adjusted for age and gender, but not with BMD. Moreover, E4 allele was associated with higher levels of markers of bone formation: ALP (p=0.067), BSALP (p=0.085) and P1NP (p=0.062). We also found that ucOC was negatively correlated with strength (p=0.077) and stiffness (p=0.047), regardless of patients gender, age or vitamin K, but not with BMD. ApoE levels were also associated with strength (p=0.056; R=-0.322) and stiffness (p=0.001; R=-0.513). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Other studies have shown that advanced hip osteoarthritis can be associated with a higher BMD, but is not a protective factor for fragility fractures. Our observations suggest that in osteoarthritis patients Apo E4 allele, seric apo E and ucOC are biologic risk factors for fragility in a more independent way from BMD than in the general population. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract 4732: Association between genetic variants in the 8q24 cancer risk regions and circulating levels of androgens and sex-hormone binding globulin
Authors: Lisa W. Chu, Tamra E. Meyer, Qizhai Li, Idan Menashe, Kai Yu, Philip S. Rosenberg, Wen-Yi Huang, Sabah Quraishi, Rudolf Kaaks, Jocelyn M. Weiss, Richard B. Hayes, Stephen J. Chanock, Ann W. Hsing
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Multiple genome-wide association studies have identified several independent non-coding regions in chromosome 8q24 associated with risk for cancers of the prostate, breast, colon, and bladder. To explore their biological basis, we investigated the possible association between 164 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the 8q24 risk regions, spanning 128,101,433-128,828,043 bp, and serum androgen (testosterone, androstenedione, and 3αdiol G) and sex hormone-binding globulin levels in 563 healthy, non-Hispanic, Caucasian men (55-74 years old) from a prospective cohort study, the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. Age-adjusted linear regression using SNPs in an additive genetic model showed that three adjacent SNPs centromeric to prostate cancer risk region 2 (rs12334903, rs1456310, and rs980171) were associated with measured total testosterone (P&amp;lt;1.1×10−3) and calculated bioavailable testosterone (P&amp;lt;6.3×10−4). Suggestive associations were seen for a cluster of 9 SNPs in prostate cancer risk region 1 and androstenedione (P&amp;lt;0.05). These preliminary findings, although in need of confirmation in larger studies, suggest that genetic variations in the 8q24 cancer risk regions may correlate with androgen levels, which in turn may provide some clues for the strong link between 8q24 and prostate cancer risk. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4732.
P12.09 * MALIGNANT TUMORS OF ANTERIOR SKULL BASE: IS THE ROLE OF SURGERY ENHANCED IN THE ENDOSCOPY ERA?
Authors: D. Nasi, M. Iacoangeli, S. Dallari, F. Salvinelli, M. Dobran, L. di Somma, R. Colasanti, N. Nocchi, C. Vaira, M. Scerrati
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Malignant tumors of anterior skull base represent a surgical challenge because of their anatomical location, the necessity of achieving negative margins, and the often-cosmetically disfiguring transfacial approaches needed. Recently, expanded endonasal endoscopic approaches (EEEA) have been developed, either alone or combined with transcranial approaches for treatment of these malignant lesions. We report our experience to illustrate the relative safety and effectiveness of the EEEA for skull base malignancies alone or combined when possible with minimally invasive approaches or traditional surgery. METHODS: From June 2009, 13 patients harbouring malignant neoplastic lesions of anterior skull base were treated at our department. Four patients affected by sinonasal malignancies with extension in anterior cranial fossa underwent to combined open subfrontal or minimally invasive supra orbital approach and EEEA. In 2 patients with respectively esthesioneuroblastoma and maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma a combined supraorbital key-hole craniotomy and EEEA were perfomed. Seven clival metastases with VI cranial nerve palsy were approached by the EEEA supplemented by neuronavigation. RESULTS: Gross total removal was performed in 9 out of 13 patients. In the other cases partial resection, but with adequate decompression and diagnosis were achieved. There were no mortality, 1 patient had infection and 1 deep vein thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience EEEA are an integral part of the neurosurgical armamentarium for the treatment of the skull base malignancies. In properly selected cases, it affords similar oncologic outcomes with lower morbidity than traditional open approaches. The major potential advantage of the EEEA approach is direct “natural” anatomical route to the lesion without traversing any major neurovascular structures, so obviating brain retraction. Many tumors grow in a medial-to-lateral direction, displacing structures laterally as they expand, creating natural corridors for their resection via an antero-medial approach. The complementary information provided by endoscopy can assist the surgeon in safely extend the approach maximizing the extent of resection and decompression in hidden angles. Nonetheless, these minimal access approaches should be considered a complement to well-established open approaches, which are still necessary in most advanced tumors.
Inappropriate Prescription of Proton Pump Inhibitors in the Setting of Steroid Use
Authors: Masha G. Jones, Surafel Tsega, Hyung J. Cho
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

This case of a woman in her 60s presenting with ear fullness and asymetric hearing loss is a reminder to carefully consider indications for treatment using proton pump inhibitors in the setting of steroid use.
Abstract LB-47: Resveratrol induces Apaf-1 dependent but apoptosome-independent apoptosis in cancer cells
Authors: Varun V. Prabhu, Michael Amadori, Honghao Zhang, Jason Pitaressi, Neelu Yadav, Dhyan Chandra
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Resveratrol (Resv) selectively kills cancer cells, whereas the molecular mechanisms of Resv-induced cancer cell death are not defined. Here we show that Resv induces mitochondria-dependent but apoptosome-independent apoptosis in cancer cells. Resv inhibits cancer cell growth and proliferation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ROS production. In contrast, Resv induces dose and time dependent caspase activation, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and thus caspase-dependent apoptosis. Mechanistic analysis reveals that recruitment and oligomerization of Bax on the mitochondria is associated with release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. Surprisingly, the released cytochrome c fails to induce apoptosome assembly as evidenced by the lack of Apaf-1 oligomerization upon Resv treatment. Interestingly, Apaf-1 was up regulated both at transcriptional and protein levels upon Resv treatment suggesting that the levels of Apaf-1 was not a limiting factor for apoptosome assembly. Subcellular analysis reveals that catalytically active caspase-9 was mostly associated with the mitochondria in Resv-induced apoptotic cells. Reconstitution experiment using recombinant proteins and purified cytosols demonstrates that Resv inhibits apoptosome functions in a dose dependent manner. MALDI-TOF analysis indicates that inhibition of apoptosome formation was not mediated by sequestration of cytochrome c as Resv fails to interact with cytochrome c. Furthermore, Resv also induces autophagy as evidenced by the increase in the levels of LC3-II upon Resv treatment. Inhibition of autophagy either by autophagy inhibitors or by silencing of autophagy related genes (ATG-5 or Beclin-1) further increase caspase activation. Gel filtration and subcellular fractionation analyses demonstrate that caspase-independent apoptosis does not seem to be involved as AIF and endonuclease G was not released from the mitochondrial compartment upon Resv treatment. These findings indicate that Resv targets mitochondria to induce caspase-9 mediated cancer cell death and that induction of autophagy during apoptosis is an adaptive response. Therefore, inhibition of autophagy along with induction of apoptosis could represent a novel strategy for cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-47.
Dose-Dependent Effects of Central Leptin Gene Therapy on Genes That Regulate Body Weight and Appetite in the Hypothalamus
Authors: Harveen Dhillon, Satya P Kalra, Pushpa S Kalra
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

We have examined the dose-dependent effects and central action of intraventricular administration of a recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding rat leptin (rAAV-leptin) in suppressing body weight (BW) gain in adult female rats. A low dose of rAAV-leptin (5x10(10) particles) suppressed weight gain (15%) without changing daily food intake (FI), but a twofold higher dose decreased BW by 30% along with a reduction in daily FI. Reduced BW was due to a loss in body adiposity because serum leptin was reduced. Serum insulin levels were decreased (96%) by only the high dose along with a slight reduction in glucose. Uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) mRNA expression in brown adipose tissue (BAT), reflecting energy expenditure through thermogenesis, was upregulated to the same magnitude by the two rAAV-leptin doses. We analyzed by in situ hybridization the expression in the hypothalamus of genes encoding the appetite-regulating neuropeptides. Only the high dose decreased expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY), the orexigenic peptide, and increased proopiomelanocortin (POMC), precursor of the an orexigenic peptide, alpha-MSH. Our studies show for the first time that increased availability of leptin within the hypothalamus through central leptin gene therapy dose-dependently decreases weight gain, adiposity, and serum insulin by increasing energy expenditure and decreasing FI. The decrease in FI occurs only when NPY is reduced and alpha-MSH is increased in the hypothalamus by the high dose of rAAV-leptin. Delivery of the leptin gene centrally through rAAV vectors is a viable therapeutic modality for long-term control of weight and metabolic hormones.
Effect of Hormones on Femurs and Carcass Nitrogen of Animals Treated with Antianabolic Agents
Authors: H SOBEL, G BONORRIS
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Stopping Long-Term Dialysis
Authors: Steven Neu, Carl M. Kjellstrand
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Dialysis was discontinued in 155 (9 percent) of 1766 patients being treated for end-stage renal disease, accounting for 22 percent of all deaths. Treatment was withdrawn more frequently in older than in younger nondiabetic patients, and more often in young diabetic patients than in young nondiabetic patients. Withdrawal was twice as common in nondiabetic patients with other degenerative disorders (P<0.005); in patients receiving intermittent peritoneal dialysis (P<0.025); and in patients living in nursing homes (P<0.025). Half the patients were competent when the decision to withdraw was made, and 39 percent of this group had no new preceding medical complications. Among incompetent patients, the physician initiated the decision for withdrawal in 73 percent, and the patient's family in 27 percent; all patients had recent medical complications. In the early 1970s the physician initiated the decision in 66 percent of all patients; in the early 1980s this figure had decreased to 30 percent (P<0.0005). We conclude that stopping treatment is a common mode of death in patients receiving long-term dialysis, particularly in those who are old and those who have complicating degenerative diseases. Because of the increasing age of patients on dialysis, withdrawal of treatment will probably become more common in the future. (N Engl J Med 1986;314:14–20.)
Tips for a Physician in Getting the Right Job, Part XVI
Authors: Jay Harolds
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

For those job seekers seeking a position with a group of physicians, it is critical to assess the relationship of the hospital administration to the group, and also to physicians generally. Ideally, the relationship should be one of partnership, with mutual cooperation and seeking to understand and help each other. A hostile association could be due to 1 or both parties. An antagonistic relationship could mean that the group will be forced out or that its practice will not thrive, or that the hospital will not do well, or all 3.
Treatment of multiple myeloma with high-risk cytogenetics: a consensus of the International Myeloma Working Group
Authors: Pieter Sonneveld, Hervé Avet-Loiseau, Sagar Lonial, Saad Usmani, David Siegel, Kenneth C. Anderson, Wee-Joo Chng, Philippe Moreau, Michel Attal, Robert A. Kyle, Jo Caers, Jens Hillengass, Jesús San Miguel, Niels W. C. J. van de Donk, Hermann Einsele, Joan Bladé, Brian G. M. Durie, Hartmut Goldschmidt, María-Victoria Mateos, Antonio Palumbo, Robert Orlowski
Journal: Blood (2016)
Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Harry G. Bluestein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Virtually every organ system can be affected by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Neurologic abnormalities are common, occurring in approximately half of all patients at some time during the course of their illness. Like SLE in general, nervous system involvement can have a wide variety of manifestations, including defects in the highest cerebral functions of reasoning, memory, and reality testing; gross disturbances of cortical motor function; abnormal motor regulation by the cerebellum and basal ganglia; spinal-cord abnormalities; cranial and peripheral neuropathies; and even abnormalities at the neuromuscular junction.The most common neuropsychiatric manifestations — organic brain syndrome, with or without psychosis, . . .
Malignant Pericardial Effusion
Authors: Wei Xiong, Chanjuan Shi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

A 48-year-old man with a history of alcohol and tobacco abuse presented to the emergency department with a 2-month history of progressive dyspnea. Physical examination revealed distention of the jugular vein and an enlarged left cervical lymph node. An anteroposterior chest radiograph showed cardiomegaly (Panel A). Computed tomographic imaging of the chest (Panel B) revealed a large pericardial effusion (asterisk), a lung mass in the left lower lobe, and necrotic-appearing left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. Echocardiography confirmed the presence of a circumferential pericardial effusion (Panels C and D and video; asterisk). Diastolic collapse of the right ventricular (RV) free wall (Panel C, . . .
Incidental Detection of a Popliteal Pseudoaneurysm on Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: LARI M. SCORZA, DANIEL T. MYERS, JUDITH M. JOYCE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

An 84-year-old man reported left subscapular pain and was referred for a bone scan to rule out metastatic disease. The past medical history was significant for bladder carcinoma and aorto-bifemoral and bilateral femoral-popliteal bypass grafting. Amorphous extraosseous radiotracer uptake was identified in the right popliteal fossa on the bone scan. A diagnosis of myositis ossificans was considered. Radiographs were obtained that showed a soft-tissue mass with a partially calcified wall suspicious for a popliteal pseudoaneurysm. Angiography confirmed the presence of a large popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm arising from the distal aspect of the right femoral-popliteal bypass graft.
Ice in the mouth for epistaxis
Authors: J. G. Manjaly, K. Konieczny, N. J. Holland
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Blood tests can support the diagnostic process in patients with cancer but how often they are used is unclear. <h3>Aim</h3> To explore use of common blood tests before cancer diagnosis in primary care. <h3>Design and setting</h3> English National Cancer Diagnosis Audit data on 39 752 patients with cancer diagnosed in 2018. <h3>Method</h3> Common blood test use (full blood count [FBC], urea and electrolytes [U&amp;E], and liver function tests [LFTs]), variation by patient and symptom group, and associations with the primary care interval and the diagnostic interval were assessed. <h3>Results</h3> At least one common blood test was used in 41% (<i>n</i> = 16 427/39 752) of patients subsequently diagnosed with cancer. Among tested patients, (<i>n</i> = 16 427), FBC was used in 95% (<i>n</i> = 15 540), U&amp;E in 89% (<i>n</i> = 14 555), and LFTs in 76% (<i>n</i> = 12 414). Blood testing was less common in females (adjusted odds ratio versus males: 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.87 to 0.98) and Black and minority ethnic patients (0.89, 95% CI = 0.82 to 0.97 versus White), and more common in older patients (1.12, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.18 for ≥70 years versus 50–69 years). Test use varied greatly by cancer site (melanoma 2% [ <i>n</i> = 55/2297]; leukaemia 84% [ <i>n</i> = 552/661]). Fewer patients presenting with alarm symptoms alone were tested (24% [ <i>n</i> = 3341/13 778]) than those with non-alarm symptoms alone (50% [ <i>n</i> = 8223/16 487]). Median primary care interval and diagnostic interval were longer in tested than non-tested patients (primary care interval: 10 versus 0 days; diagnostic interval: 49 versus 32 days, respectively, <i>P</i>&lt;0.001 for both), including among tested patients with alarm symptoms (primary care interval: 4 versus 0 days; diagnostic interval: 41 versus 22 days). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Two-fifths of patients subsequently diagnosed with cancer have primary care blood tests as part of their diagnostic process. Given variable test use, research is needed on the clinical context in which blood tests are ordered.
Vascular Lesions Causing Hypertension in Neurofibromatosis
Authors: Mordecai Halpern, Guido Currarino
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

NEUROFIBROMATOSIS is a congenital and hereditary disorder involving ectodermal, neuroectodermal and mesodermal tissue. Café-au-lait spots, cutaneous neurofibromas, tumors of the central and peripheral nervous systems, skeletal changes of scoliosis, orbital-wall defects, pseudarthrosis and gigantism are well known manifestations.The occurrence of vascular lesions is less well known but has been described by a number of authors.1 2 3 4 These vascular changes are said to predominate in the kidneys, endocrine glands, heart and gastrointestinal tract, and may lead to arterial stenosis or obliteration of the arterial lumen. When these vascular lesions of neurofibromatosis involve the abdominal aorta or the renal arteries systemic arterial . . .
Letter to the editor: diagnostic challenges to be considered regarding Zika virus in the context of the presence of the vector Aedes albopictus in Europe
Authors: Rengina Vorou
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2016)

Preview this article: Letter to the editor: diagnostic challenges to be considered regarding Zika virus in the context of the presence of the vector Aedes albopictus in Europe, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/21/10/eurosurv-21-30161-5-1.gif