tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FRI0480-HPR Effects of an acute aerobic exercise bout on plasma oxidant and antioxidant levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Z. Tuna, T. Düger, N. Güzel, S. Haznedaroğlu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Exercise can stimulate the oxidative metabolism and potentially affect oxidants and antioxidants. Meanwhile, oxidative stress also plays an important role in the pathobiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Since the benefits of different exercise types in RA are well-established, the effects of an acute aerobic exercise bout on the plasma oxidant and antioxidant levels may be clinically relevant. <h3>Objectives</h3> This study aimed to assess the effects of an acute submaximal aerobic exercise bout on plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and total sulfhydrile groups (RSH) levels in RA patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Sixteen RA patients in remission and 10 age-matched healthy volunteers participated in the study. The patients were confirmed to have no contraindications to take part in the study by a rheumatologist. The exercise intensity was determined by using heart rate which was followed during the whole test by a polar telemeter. All participants walked on the treadmill at the intensity of %60-75 of maximal heart rate for 30 minutes. Blood samples were obtained before, after and 24 hours later the test. Plasma MDA and RSH levels were assessen in the samples. <h3>Results</h3> Both groups reached similar heart rates (p&gt;0.05) during the test but test speed of patients were significantly lower (p&lt;0.05). Plasma MDA levels decreased after exercise in both groups (p&lt;0.05) with a greater decrements in the RA patients (p&lt;0.01). However, 24 hours later only control group returned to baseline levels compared to after-exercise levels (p&lt;0.05). Plasma RSH levels increased slightly with exercise in both groups (p&gt;0.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> These results indicated that an acute bout of aerobic exercise decreased the plasma oxidant levels in RA patients. Therefore, such an acute aerobic exercise model could exert an antioxidant effect partly and this effect is highly preserved for longer in RA patients. Based on those results, moderate aerobic exercise like walking is safe in RA patients with additional benefits on the oxidative metabolism. <h3>References</h3> Banerjee, AK, Mandal, A, Chanda, D, Chakraboti, S. (2003) Oxidant, antioxidant and physical exercise. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 253, 307-12. Kamanlı A, Nazıroğlu M, Aydilek N, Hacıevliyagil C. (2004) Plasma lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Cell Biochemistry and Function, 22, 53–7. Hurkmans, E, van der Giesen, FJ, Vliet Vlieland, TPM, Schoones, J, Van den Ende, ECHM. (2009) Dynamic exercise programs (aerobic capacity and/or muscle strength training in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 4 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
DISCORDANCE BETWEEN CORONARY FLOW RESERVE AND FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE: INSIGHTS FROM CORONARY PLAQUE BURDEN AND EPICARDIAL AND MICROVASCULAR RESISTANCE ANALYSIS
Authors: Sung Gyun Ahn, Olivia Hung, Parham Eshtehardi, Yasir Bouchi, Wenjie Zeng, Jon Suh, Bill Gogas, Habib Samady
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Abstract 1600: A xenograft model of spontaneous metastases in NOD SCID mice of human non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: James E. Harris, James Shin, Beverly Lee, Kristen Pelosky, Cynthia Zahnow, Cory Brayton, Stephen Yang, Stephen Baylin, Malcolm V. Brock
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Xenograft models of human non small cell lung cancer cell lines have been unreliable in studying distal organ metastases. Although the flank, as a primary xenograft site, is typically used for the convenience of measurement, rarely do even the most aggressive cell lines develop metastases. Methods: Using 15 anesthetized NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/NcrCrl (NOD/SCID) mice, we xenografted 10,000 A549 cells into the liver under direct visualization and allowed the tumors to grow for 7 weeks. The mice were then euthanized, perfused with formalin, and grossly dissected. The liver, lung and spleen were processed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained. A second group of 7 NOD/SCID mice were subsequently xenografted in the liver with A549, and a mouse each week was euthanized for 7 weeks and evaluated. Results: At 7 weeks, all 15 mice had gross primary tumor in the liver as well as grossly evident splenic (10/15) and mediastinal metastases (5/15). There were no gross pulmonary metastases observed (0/15). Histologic review, however, confirmed multiple microscopic foci of metastatic disease in all mice (15/15) throughout the lungs bilaterally, the mediastinal lymph nodes and spleen. Serially euthanized mice revealed histological evidence of a gradual spontaneous metastatic model system. Histologically evident primary tumor was apparent by week 1 with gross primary tumor development in the liver by week 2. Weeks 3 and 4 showed gross and histologic progression of primary tumor size with no apparent evidence of microscopic distal metastases. By week 5, the first histological findings of micrometastases appeared in the lungs which became wide spread in all the pulmonary parenchyma by week 7. Splenic and mediastinal lymph node involvement were observed histologically by week 6. Conclusions: Liver xenografting of A549 into NOD/SCID mice is a reliable way of developing widespread micrometastases to the lungs, mediastinal lymph nodes, and spleen. This model is clinically relevant since, unlike tail vein injection, it allows the study of the biology and treatment of a gradually developing primary lung tumor with subsequent metastatic spread. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1600. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1600
Abstract LB-25: Regulation of Np63α by IκB kinase-β
Authors: Aditi Chatterjee, Xiaofei Chang, Tanusree Sen, Rajani Ravi, Atul Bedi, David Sidransky
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The p53 family (p53, p73, p63) plays an instrumental role in the cellular stress response, including induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to DNA damage. In addition to p63 and p73 isotypes capable of transactivating downstream target gene expression (TA isotypes), both genes also express dominant negative inhibitory isoforms, such as ΔNp63α. ΔNp63 is degraded in response to DNA damaging agents, thereby enabling an effective cellular response to genotoxic agents. Here, we identify a key molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of ΔNp63α expression in response to extrinsic stimuli, such as chemotherapeutic agents or TNF-α. We show that ΔNp63α interacts with IκB kinase (IKK), a multisubunit protein kinase that consists of two catalytic subunits, IKKα and IKKβ, and a regulatory subunit, IKKγ (NEMO-NF-κB essential modifier). We find that IKK kinase promotes ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of ΔNp63α, whereas a kinase-deficient mutant IKK -K44A fails to do so. Cytokine- or chemotherapy-induced stimulation of IKKβ leads to degradation of ΔNp63α and augments trans-activation of p53 family-induced genes involved in the cellular response to DNA damage. Conversely, inhibition of IKKβ with a NEMO-binding peptide or siRNA-mediated silencing IKKβ expression attenuates cytokine- or chemotherapy induced degradation of ΔNp63α. These data demonstrate that IKKβ plays an essential role in regulating ΔNp63α in response to extrinsic stimuli. Our findings suggest that the activation of IKK may be a mechanism by which levels of ΔNp63α are reduced, thereby rendering the cells susceptible to cell death in the face of cellular stress or DNA damage. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-25.
S123 Does Exercising With Domiciliary Non-invasive Ventilation (niv) Improve Quality Of Life (qol) In Patients With Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (copd)?
Authors: K. Buchan, K. Badlan, M. Fletcher, A. Kendrick
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> Patients with severe COPD experience breathlessness leading to exercise limitation impacting on QoL. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) can improve QoL, but those with the severest disease are frequently hospitalised and cannot readily access PR. Previous studies have trialled positive pressure as a means of relieving ventilatory load, allowing more severe COPD patients to exercise.<sup>1</sup> Studies have assessed mixed pathology or stable COPD patients.<sup>2,3</sup> In this study, we have assessed patients with severe COPD admitted to hospital with Type 2 respiratory failure and acidosis treated with acute NIV. <h3>Methods</h3> 18 patients (11 female), recruited during admission were randomised into 3 groups. Group 1 received standard hospital physiotherapy care; Group 2 exercised on NIV (Trilogy 100, Philips-Respironics) with a mean pressure support of 10 cmH<sub>2</sub>O twice weekly during admission; Group 3 exercised on NIV twice weekly during hospital admission and continued this at home for 3 months post-discharge. Exercising included weights, pedal cycling and walking. QoL was assessed using the St Georges Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and the London Chest Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (LCADL). Mean changes in total scores for SGRQ and LCADL were compared between baseline and at 3 months (M3). Data are mean±SD or mean (range). <h3>Results</h3> The group (n = 18) age was 66.5 years [46–97], FEV<sub>1</sub>: 25% predicted [9–51%] and MRC score 3 [1–4]). 3/18 patients died during the study. The results are presented in Table 1. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patients exercising with NIV, in hospital and at home twice weekly (Group 3) showed the greatest improvement in QoL, compared to the other two groups. The use of NIV during exercise at home may assist patients unable to access pulmonary rehabilitation. <h3>References</h3> Maltais F <i>et al</i>.<i> Am J Respir Crit Care Med</i> 1995;151:1027–33 Menadue C <i>et al</i>.<i> Respiratory Medicine</i> 2010;104:219–227 Dyer F <i>et al</i>.<i> BMC Pulmonary Medicine</i> 2011;11:581–26
CLASSIFICATION OF CHEST PAIN COMPARED TO CORONARY FLOW RESERVE IN WOMEN WITHOUT OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Daria Frestad, Marie M. Michelsen, Adam A V Pena, Naja D. Mygind, Jens D. Hove, Ida Gustafsson, Eva Prescott
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Lactose Intolerance in Healthy Children
Authors: Shi-Shung Huang, Theodore M. Bayless
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

MILK and lactose intolerance are usually not suspected in children if they were able to tolerate milk during infancy. Nevertheless, it seemed worthwhile to investigate lactose tolerance in healthy children for a number of reasons: milk-induced abdominal cramps and diarrhea have been found in approximately 10 per cent of adults1 2 3; these adults usually did not have symptoms as children and noted the onset soon after adolescence or in the third decade; many consumed large amounts of milk as children; and 70 per cent of a group of 20 healthy Negro adults had low lactase levels, in contrast to only . . .
1006 WHY IS RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION THERAPY (RFA) APPLIED FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) UP TO 3 NODULES AND SMALLER THAN 3 CM IN TUMOR SIZE?
Authors: G. Hirano, K. Yokoyama, D. Morihara, Y. Takeyama, M. Sakamoto, M. Irie, K. Iwata, S. Shakado, T. Sohda, S. Sakisaka
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
TGF-β1–induced PAI-1 contributes to a profibrotic network in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Renee Rawson, Tom Yang, Robert O. Newbury, Melissa Aquino, Ashmi Doshi, Braxton Bell, David H. Broide, Ranjan Dohil, Richard Kurten, Seema S. Aceves
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergic disease of increasing worldwide incidence. Complications are due to tissue remodeling and involve TGF-β1-mediated fibrosis. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1/serpinE1) can be induced by TGF-β1, but its role in EoE is not known.
The Use of Bone Scintigraphy to Evaluate Metastatic Calcification Caused by End-Stage Renal Disease and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: MITCHELL KOK, DANIEL CASE, JEROME BILLINGSLY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

From Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington Received for publication July 24, 2002. Accepted August 13, 2002. Reprint requests: Commander, Madigan Army Medical Center, Attn: MCHJ–Mitchell P. Kok, Tacoma, Washington 98431-1100.
Tumor Thrombus
Authors: Mudalsha Ravina, Søren Hess, Mahesh Singh Chauhan, Mattakorottu Joseph Jacob, Abass Alavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Thrombosis in cancer may manifest itself as venous thromboembolic disease or tumor thrombosis (TT). We present our experience with incidentally detected TT on FDG PET/CT in 21 oncologic patients.We retrospectively reviewed all FDG PET/CT examinations during a 5-year period at the Army Hospital Research and Referral in New Delhi, India, and included all oncology cases with FDG-avid thrombosis in the report. The diagnosis of TT was based on FDG-avid solid masses inside the vessels in patients with known malignancy. The SUVmax was calculated.Twenty-one patients were included; the most common malignancies were renal cell carcinoma (n=6), hepatocellular carcinoma (n=3), and lung cancer (n=3). Indication for the scan was initial staging (n=15) and suspected recurrence (n=6). Several vessels were affected, the most common was the inferior vena cava (n=14), but most other major branches of the venous vasculature was represented, and some patients had thrombi in several vessels. FDG uptake was linear in 7 patients, linear with a dilated vessel in 6 patients, and focal in 7 patients. The mean SUVmax of the primary tumors was 10.3 (range, 2.6-31.2; median, 6.9), and the mean SUVmax of the thrombi was 7.85 (range, 1.7-23.2; median, 6.1). All but 2 patients had additional FDG-avid foci besides the thrombus.This study supports results from other smaller studies regarding the usefulness of FDG PET/CT in TT and corroborates the hypothesis that the SUVmax and the patterns of FDG uptake can be helpful for differentiating BT from TT in oncological patients.
Magnifying endoscopy findings in follicular lymphoma of the rectum using narrow band imaging
Authors: M. Kuroha, K. Endo, Y. Sato, H. Shiga, Y. Kakuta, S. Takahashi, Y. Kinouchi, T. Shimosegawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Follicular lymphoma (FL) of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare disease [1] [2]. We report a case of primary FL of the rectum, in which the characteristic endoscopic findings were observed in detail using magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (NBI).
Smoking, Dopamine Transporter, and Hand Tremor
Authors: Chun-Yi Lin, Chung-Hsin Yeh, Tien-Tien Chang, Chia-Hong Kao, Song-Yen Tsai
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the number of packs smoked per day and specific uptake ratio (SUR) in the striatum on Tc-99m TRODAT, and frequency of hand tremor.It was a prospective, cross-sectional study. In all, 23 healthy nonsmokers and 37 current smokers were recruited in the study. All subjects underwent Tc-99m TRODAT SPECT, brain CT scan, thyroid function test, tremor measurement system, and neurologic examinations.There were significant differences in the SUR in the striatum on Tc-99m TRODAT and in the frequency of hand tremor in rest state and in arm extended state among nonsmokers (grade I), current smokers with less than 1 pack smoked per day (grade II), and current smokers with equal or more than 1 pack smoked per day (grade III) by ANOVA (all P < 0.001). After adjusting for age and gender, there was a significantly negative correlation between smoke grade and SUR in the striatum on Tc-99m TRODAT by multiple linear regression (β = -0.45, P < 0.001). Smoke grade was the significant predictor for the frequency of hand tremor in rest state and in arm extended state, after adjusting for age and gender by multiple linear regression (β = 14.70, P < 0.001; β = 15.37, P < 0.001).There is a dose-response relationship between the number of packs smoked per day and SUR in the striatum, and the frequency of hand tremor. Decreased dopamine transporter binding in the striatum and increased frequency of hand tremor in smokers may have important implications for evaluating the impact of smoking on the central and peripheral nerve systems.
PATTERNS IN DAILY CIRCADIAN RHYTHM IN AORTIC DISSECTION PATIENTS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL REGISTRY OF ACUTE AORTIC DISSECTION
Authors: Yangcheng Liu, Alan Braverman, Patrick O’Gara, Roberto Manfredini, Toru Suzuki, Stuart Hutchison, Udo Sechtem, Marek Ehrlich, Kevin Harris, Takeyoshi Ota, Teng Lee, Emil Missov, Daniel Montgomery, Christoph Nienaber, Eric Isselbacher, Kim Eagle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Lymphoscintigraphy Using Tc-99m Human Serum Albumin in Chylothorax
Authors: YUSUKE INOUE, TOHRU OTAKE, JUNICHI NISHIKAWA, YASUHITO SASAKI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A 70-year-old woman with carcinoma of the right lung underwent resection of the right upper lobe and mediastinal lymph nodes. After surgery, a chest radiograph showed right pleural effusion and drained fluid was proved to be chylous. Lymphoscintigraphy using Tc-99m human serum albumin HSA was performed to evaluate the site of leakage. Normal passage through the lymphatic vessels was shown after subcutaneous injection into the right hand. The radiotracer was administered into both feet the next day, and leakage to the right pulmonary apex was shown, which indicates a disruption of the thoracic duct in the superior mediastinum.
EARLY AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT VERSUS A CONSERVATIVE STRATEGY FOR ASYMPTOMATIC SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS: META-ANALYSIS OF OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES
Authors: Philippe Genereux, Gregg Stone, Patrick O’Gara, Guillaume M. Gravel, Bjorn Redfors, Gennaro Giustino, Philippe Pibarot, Jeroen Bax, Robert Bonow, Martin Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Prognostic Factors of Tumour Cellularity in Image-Guided Biopsies: Results from a Prospective Molecular Triage Trial (Moscato)
Authors: V. Tacher, M. Le Deley, J-C. Soria, A. Hollebecque, F. Deschamps, A. Hakime, E. Ileana, P. Vielh, C. Massard, A. Behnoush, C. Charpy, D. Gajda, A. Celebic, M. Ngocamus, S. Gouissem, V. Cartier, M. Barral, V. Koubi-Pick, L. Lacroix, T. De Baere
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Abstract 1499: Periprostatic fat from obese patients promotes prostate cancer growth
Authors: Palamadai N. Venkatasubramanian, Susan E. Crawford, Philip S. Fitchev, Charles B. Brendler, Beth A. Plunkett, Betsy Abroe, Massa Mafi, Gina Morgan, Mona L. Cornwell, Judy O'Leary, Jacklyn Pruitt, Agnieszka Stadnik, Marna J. Burright, Michael S. McGuire, Alice M. Wyrwicz, Jennifer A. Doll
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Obesity, particularly visceral obesity, increases the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) progression. However, the mechanism of this remains unclear. Here, we hypothesized that the visceral periprostatic fat (PPF) from obese PCa patients stimulates progression as compared to subcutaneous fat (SQF) or PPF from lean patients. Methods: PPF and SQF were collected from PCa patients. MTT assays were performed on endothelial and PC-3 PCa cells to test proliferative activity in explant culture tissue conditioned media (CM). Angiogenesis was evaluated ex vivo using MR to generate T2 relaxation times from a series of T2-weighted spin-echo images (Bruker 14.1 T imager). Results: PPF CM from an obese patient increased endothelial cell proliferation ∼5 times that of PPF CM from a lean patient (P&amp;lt;0.01). In contrast, SQF CM, from lean or obese patients, showed only minimal activity. When tested on PC-3 cells, SQF CM from obese or lean patients only weakly promoted proliferation. In contrast, PPF CM significantly induced proliferation; however, obese PPF CM was significantly higher than that of lean PPF CM (P&amp;lt;0.05). Interestingly, the MR data revealed key differences between PPF and SQF and between lean and obese fat (Table 1). In all patients, the PPF T2 was lower than that of the SQF (P&amp;lt;0.01). And, the PPF T2 from obese patients was lower than that of lean patients. A lower T2 reflects elevated hemoglobin levels and thus could serve as an indirect measure of vascularity. And, our data suggest that vascularity is increased in obese PPF as compared to SQF and lean PPF tissues. Conclusions: Our data reveal that PPF has increased angiogenic and tumorigenic capacity as compared to SQF and this potential is markedly increased by the presence of obesity. Adipokines and/or other molecules expressed by the PPF may modify the PCa microenvironment to potentiate tumor growth. Our results also support the potential use of MR clinically as a non-invasive test of the angiogenic potential of PPF in PCa patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1499. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1499
PALIACIÓN DE LA OBSTRUCCIÓN GÁSTRICA SECUNDARIA A CANCER DE ESTÓMAGO (CE) IRRESECABLE MEDIANTE INSERCIÓN ENDOSCÓPICA DE PRÓTESIS ENTERALES: EVOLUCIÓN Y COMPLICACIONES
Authors: P Díez Redondo, I Peñas Herrero, N Alemán, A Vargas García, P Gil Simón, C De La Serna Higuera, H Núñez Rodríguez, R Sánchez-Ocaña, F Santos Santamarta, M Pérez-Miranda
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Introducción: El CE antro-pilórico dificulta frecuentemente el vaciamiento gástrico aumentando la malnutrición de los pacientes. Este cáncer es hasta en un 30% irresecable al diagnóstico. Objetivo: La paliación con prótesis endoscópica (PE) es segura y efectiva pero hay que valorar la tasa de re-obstrucción en este contexto. Material y Método: Estudio retrospectivo. Entre febrero 2010-febrero 2013, insertamos 96 PE enterales por obstrucción vaciamiento gástrico (OVG), 44 en 31 pacientes con CE. Resultados: 58% varones, Edad media: 80 años. Al diagnóstico: Estadio tumoral: I 4.17%, II 8.3%, 3 17%, IV 71%. ASA I-II 43%, III 29.6%, IV 29.6%. Carcinomatosis peritoneal 39%, linitis plástica 32.2%. Intolerancia oral (IO): absoluta 40%, líquidos 45%, semisólidos 15%. 100% éxito técnico con 2 casos con inserción de 2 PE coaxiales (por migración distal y estenosis larga) y 97% clínico (un exitus en 24h sin iniciar dieta). Tras PE: tiempo medio (días) de inicio dieta 2.52 y de estancia hospitalaria 5.33. Seguimiento medio 96.94 días (rango 1 – 353) y supervivencia media: 117 dias. Recidiva IO: por disfunción PE: 29%. Días inserción PE – disfunción 67.4. Causas: 2 migraciones (proximal y distal), 6 infiltraciones neoplásicas intraprotésicas, una rotura proximal PE. Se insertó un 2 ° PE (8) y un 3 ° (2) o días después (1) o retiró el proximalmente migrado o la porción rota, con 100% éxito clínico hasta exitus. Por carcinomatosis peritoneal demostrada en 3 pacientes. Conclusiones: Las PE pueden paliar adecuadamente la mayoría de las OVC secundarias a CE irresecable, sobre todo en pacientes con supervivencias estimadas cortas, ya que su disfunción es elevada (29%) aunque, en ciertos casos, ésta podría ser de nuevo reversible endoscópicamente.