tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
False Bed Alarms
Authors: Martin W. Schoen, Stephanie Cull, Fred R. Buckhold
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

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Secondary prevention in coronary heart disease
Authors: R E Ferner, H. J N Bethell
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editor—Campbell et al surveyed the true rates of treatment with various forms of secondary prophylaxis in patients with coronary heart disease, at least in those general practices that participated.1 The authors do not consider the utilitarian argument that it is best to do the greatest good for the greatest number. The figure shows the number of lives saved per £100 000 spent on drugs for secondary prevention, based on the approximate number of patient years of treatment needed to save one life. If “all bad things” are considered2 then aspirin (after the first five weeks)3 and simvastatin4 will both prevent about one bad thing for every 30-40 years of patient use, but £100 000 of aspirin (half a 300 mg tablet a day) will prevent about 1300 events, while £100 000 of simvastatin (20 mg a day) will prevent only eight. 

I do not argue that we should abandon secondary prevention with lipid lowering agents, but we should concentrate on doing the easy and most cost effective things well. By these criteria, aspirin, then β blocking drugs and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, in suitable cases are orders of magnitude more important than statins.
Case 42-1983
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Presentation of Case An 85-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of renal failure. There was a long history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic hypertension, for which he received chlorothiazide. One year before admission the urea nitrogen was 25 mg per 100 ml (8.9 mmol per liter). For several months before entry the patient complained of chronic weakness. One month before admission the urea nitrogen was 30 mg per 100 ml (9 mmol per liter), and the creatinine 1.3 mg per 100 ml (120 μmol per liter); the potassium was 3.5 mmol per liter. A combination of . . .
CSIG-01Sab-MEDIATED SIGNALING INFLUENCES AEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS AND CHEMOSUSCEPTIBILITY IN HUMAN NEUROBLASTOMA CELLS
Authors: Monica Rodriguez Silva, Zachary Aberman, Gilda Portalatin, Tara Chambers, Sergio Gonzalez-Arias, Jeremy Chambers
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BACKGROUND: Neuroblastoma is one of the most prevalent pediatric solid tumors and represents 10-15% of cancer deaths in children. Late stage neuroblastomas are commonly resistant to conventional treatments and most patients only experience transient effects of chemotherapy followed by a recurrence. Thus, new therapeutic options are needed to treat late stage neuroblastomas. Our recent studies have demonstrated that mitochondrial c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling on the outer mitochondrial scaffold protein Sab is an essential component of cell death. Intriguingly, Sab expression is down-regulated in neuroblastoma. We propose increasing mitochondrial JNK signaling by elevating Sab expression may be a novel method to improve therapeutic response in neuroblastoma patients. In our current study, we evaluate the impact of Sab mediated signaling on neuroblastoma physiology. RESULTS: Inhibition Sab-mediated signaling altered cellular metabolism in SH-SY5Y cells as determined by analyses. Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with the Tat-SabKIM1 peptide, a peptide known to inhibit mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) on Sab, increased oxidation of both glucose and glutamine, while decreasing the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). The shift in ECAR was not due to a change in lactate dehydrogenase levels in the cells. Further, the SH-SY5Y cells treated with the Tat-SabKIM1 peptide had more Bcl-2 proteins and less BH3-only proteins when compared to their counterparts dosed with a scrambled peptide. SH-SY5Y cells treated with the inhibitory Sab peptide also had reduced proliferation rates and were resistant to chemotherapy agents (carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide). Finally, examination of additional neuroblastoma cell lines revealed that Sab levels correspond to proliferation rate, metabolic phenotype, and chemo-sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies demonstrate that mitochondrial Sab-mediated signaling is reduced in neuroblastoma patients; further, Sab-mediated signaling is a critical regulator of neuroblastoma growth, metabolism, and apoptosis. Consequently, increasing Sab expression represents a new approach to sensitize neuroblastoma cells to conventional therapies.
Azacitidine for castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing on combined androgen blockade
Authors: G. Sonpavde, A. M. Aparicio, R. Delaune, L. E. Garbo, S. R. Rousey, R. E. Weinstein, A. Williams, F. Zhan, K. A. Boehm, L. Asmar, D. D. Von Hoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

5172 Background: Vidaza (azacitidine, Pharmion Corp), a demethylating agent that activates genes repressed by promoter methylation, may induce responses in malignancies. Preclinically, demethylating agents reverse resistance of prostate cancer to androgen ablation. We conducted a phase II trial of azacitidine in CRPC (castration-resistant prostate cancer) progressing on CAB (combined androgen blockade). Methods: Eligibility criteria included chemonaïve metastatic or nonmetastatic CRPC on CAB and PSA-doubling time (DT) <3 months. The primary endpoint was modulation of PSADT; secondary objectives were PSA response, clinical progression-free survival (PFS), survival, and toxicities. Correlation of biologic activity [fetal hemoglobin (HbF), plasma DNA methylation] with outcomes was done. CAB was continued; azacitidine 75 mg/m2 SC was given Days 1–5 of each 28-day cycle up to 12 cycles or until clinical progression/toxicities. Results: The accrual of 36 patients (pts) is complete, and 20 are currently evaluable for PSADT. Most pts (80.6%) had metastases. A PSADT of >3 months was attained in 8 pts (40%) and 7 other pts exhibited some slowing of PSADT compared to baseline. Overall PSADT post-therapy was significantly prolonged compared to baseline (P<0.01). No PSA declines were observed. The median PFS was 13.3 weeks (95% CI: 11.3, 16.4), while 7 of 36 pts (intent-to-treat analysis) had prolonged PFS ranging from 16- 58 weeks. Grade 3 toxicities (no Grade 4) were fatigue (9%), and neutropenia (6%), with 2 pts discontinuing due to toxicities. Increases in HbF were noted in 8 pts. A linear mixed effect model fit for the average methylation level suggested a significant decreasing trend of average LINE methylation in plasma DNA over time. Correlation of biologic activity with outcomes is ongoing. Conclusions: Azacitidine exhibited biologic activity (increases in HbF, decreased plasma DNA methylation), and may have antitumor activity in progressive chemonaïve CRPC (prolongation of PSADT and PFS in selected patients). The toxicity profile was favorable. Updated clinical data and correlative studies from all pts will be presented. These data may warrant the further development of azacitidine for CRPC. This research was supported, in part, by a research grant from Pharmion Corp. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration ASCO Career Development Award
CSIG-06EGFRvIII REQUIRES OSMR AS A CO-RECEPTOR TO DRIVE GLIOBLASTOMA PATHOGENESIS
Authors: Arezu Jahani-Asl, Hang Yin, Vahab Soleimani, Natasha Chang, Marie-Claude Sincennes, H. Artee Luchman, Puram Sidharth, Andrew Scott, Ian Lorimer, Theodore Perkins, Keith Ligon, Samuel Weiss, Michael Rudnicki, Azad Bonni
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

EGFRvIII/STAT3 signaling plays a significant role in glioblastoma pathogenesis. Here, we identify the cytokine receptor OSMR as a direct target gene of the transcription factor STAT3 in mouse astrocytes and human brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs). Strikingly, OSMR forms a receptor complex with EGFRvIII in human BTSCs and mouse astrocytes. Accordingly, gene expression analyses reveal that EGFRvIII, STAT3, and OSMR share a common network of target genes. Interestingly, in astrocytes that do not express EGFRvIII, the ligand OSM stimulates the interaction of OSMR with wild type EGFR, phosphorylation of EGFR, and STAT3 activation. Importantly, knockdown of OSMR strongly suppresses cell proliferation and in vivo tumor growth of EGFRvIII-expressing murine glioblastoma cells and human BTSC xenografts. Our findings define OSMR as a critical regulator of glioblastoma tumor growth that orchestrates a feed forward signaling mechanism with EGFRvIII and STAT3 to drive glioblastoma tumorigenesis.
P189 Development of Patient-Centred Outcomes for a Pleural Disease Service
Authors: VM Smith, E Rowlandson, F Early
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Introduction and aim</h3> There are no standardised methods for developing patient-centred service outcomes. We recognised the need for locally derived outcomes for a new pleural disease service. <h3>Methods</h3> A survey was administered to patients who had had a pleural or ascitic drain/aspiration. The survey combined open and closed questions e.g What is important to you? We carried out emotional mapping in half of the subjects with the aim of gaining more in depth information on patient experience (see NHS institute website). We held a structured discussion with one patient’s relative to explore the themes more broadly. Patients were identified from three acute areas, over a six week period. They were typical of patients from the medical take and respiratory ward. The survey and emotional mapping were carried out with patients face-to-face by the project lead. Themes from the survey and emotional mapping were identified. The most common themes from the data were discussed in the structured discussion. <h3>Results</h3> 18 patients were surveyed (4 after ascitic procedures), 9 had emotional mapping. The mean overall service rating was 4/5. The graph above represents both responses to the question ‘What is important to you?’ and themes that emerged from emotional mapping. More detailed insight was gained from the discussion with one patient’s relative, this was triangulated with the other data to give a clearer picture of what was most important to patients. Similar themes were combined to form 5 final patient-centred outcomes that were important to patients (see Figure 1 attached). E.g. ‘Be treated as an INDIVIDUAL’ encompassed good interpersonal relationships and personal choice, and ‘Receive the RIGHT INFORMATION’ for consent, medical care and managing waiting. <h3>Discussion</h3> These five outcomes were developed for a specific service. The data has come from a relatively small number of patients from a specific cohort, but they seem credible, and may be more widely applicable. The next step is to measure the service against these outcomes before and after the. A new patient survey has been designed to measure these outcomes. It will be administered before and after the start of the new service.
Oral Allergy Symptoms and Pollen Sensitization in Tree Nut Allergic Subjects Receiving Walnut Oral Immunotherapy (WOIT)
Authors: Amika Sood, Amy M. Scurlock, Mallikarjuna R. Rettiganti, Anne M. Hiegel, James D. Sikes, Suzanne E. House, Jennifer N. Payne, Jessica L. Bettis, Sarah E. Beckwith, Tamara T. Perry, Robbie D. Pesek, Josh L. Kennedy, Peggy L. Chandler, Chunqiao Luo, Stacie M. Jones
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Case 16-2008
Authors: Marie B. Demay, Daniel I. Rosenthal, Vikram Deshpande
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A 46-year-old woman was evaluated at this hospital because of pain in the right hip and leg of several months' duration. The patient had a history of celiac disease but was otherwise well. Imaging studies disclosed multiple bone lesions in the pelvis and long bones, with a diffuse abnormality in the bone marrow. Laboratory tests showed low serum calcium and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels. A diagnostic procedure was performed.
Renal Function and Sodium Metabolism in Idiopathic Orthostatic Hypotension
Authors: Leroy Shear
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

PATIENTS with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension demonstrate various hemodynamic abnormalities in response to standing. Reflex peripheral vasoconstriction fails to occur normally,1 venous return to the heart and cardiac output are low,1 2 3 and the flow of blood to brain, liver and kidneys is decreased.4 The decrease in renal blood flow results in a diminished glomerular filtration rate5 , 6 and occasionally in urea retention.4 This decrease in glomerular filtration rate may account for the diminished urinary sodium excretions noted in these patients when they stand5 , 7; however, the possibility that changes in sodium excretion are due to alterations in the tubular reabsorption of sodium . . .
The Doctor–Nurse Game Revisited
Authors: L I Stein, D T Watts, T Howell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

The relationship between the doctor and the nurse is a special one, based on mutual respect and interdependence, steeped in history, and stereotyped in popular culture. The underlying interaction can often be characterized as a game. In 1967 one of us described how doctors and nurses related to one another at that time.1 In this article we address the question of change. From our observations we are convinced that there have been major changes in the doctornurse relationship over the past two decades. To describe these changes we will briefly review the relationship that prevailed in 1967 and contrast it . . .
Phosphorylation of β-Tubulin by the Down Syndrome Kinase, Minibrain/DYRK1a, Regulates Microtubule Dynamics and Dendrite Morphogenesis
Authors: Kassandra M. Ori-McKenney, Richard J. McKenney, Hector H. Huang, Tun Li, Shan Meltzer, Lily Yeh Jan, Ronald D. Vale, Arun P. Wiita, Yuh Nung Jan
Journal: Neuron (2016)
Sister Joseph's Node in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: K Nagao, A Kikuchi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Figure 1. A 44-year-old man was found to have an umbilical tumor. Examination revealed the lesion to be firm and subcutaneous, approximately 5 cm in diameter, with erythema around the navel. The cervical and inguinal lymph nodes were enlarged. Computed tomography revealed an umbilical mass measuring 4.5 cm by 3.5 cm (Panel A, arrow) and multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the pelvis. A skin-biopsy specimen showed massive infiltration of the dermis by medium-sized, atypical lymphoid cells, which infiltrated between the bundles of collagen (Panel B; hematoxylin and eosin, ×200). Cells similar to those of the Sister Joseph's node were also . . .
Randomized phase II placebo controlled study of codrituzumab in previously treated patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa, Oscar Puig, Bruno Daniele, Masatoshi Kudo, Philippe Merle, Joong-Won Park, Paul Ross, Jean-Marie Peron, Oliver Ebert, Stephen Chan, Tung Ping Poon, Massimo Colombo, Takuji Okusaka, Baek-Yeol Ryoo, Beatriz Minguez, Takayoshi Tanaka, Toshihiko Ohtomo, Stacey Ukrainskyj, Frederic Boisserie, Olga Rutman, Ya-Chi Chen, Chao Xu, Eliezer Shochat, Lori Jukofsky, Bernhard Reis, Gong Chen, Laura Di Laurenzio, Ray Lee, Chia-Jui Yen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
How well predict the 2011 St Gallen early breast cancer surrogate phenotypes metastatic survival
Authors: Adriaan Vanderstichele, Olivier Brouckaert, Sebastiaan Tuyls, Frédéric Amant, Karin Leunen, Ann Smeets, Patrick Berteloot, Erik Van Limbergen, Caroline Weltens, Stéphanie Peeters, Philippe Moerman, Beppe Floris, Robert Paridaens, Hans Wildiers, Ignace Vergote, Rose Christiaens, Ben Van Calster, Patrick Neven
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)
Outcomes of Elderly Patients (≥70 Yo) with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (Nsclc): a Multi-Institutional Analysis
Authors: N. Tariq, V. Bertaglia, N. Shah, T. Mele, R. Alamgir, N. Khan, Y. Summers, P.D. Taylor, M. Harris, N. Bayman, H. Sheikh, A. Chittalia, L. Pemberton, L. Lee, J. Coote, C. Faivre-Finn, G. Scagliotti, F.H. Blackhall, S. Novello, R. Califano
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Cardiovascular Diseases in India
Authors: Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Ambuj Roy
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have now become the leading cause of mortality in India. A quarter of all mortality is attributable to CVD. Ischemic heart disease and stroke are the predominant causes and are responsible for >80% of CVD deaths. The Global Burden of Disease study estimate of age-standardized CVD death rate of 272 per 100 000 population in India is higher than the global average of 235 per 100 000 population. Some aspects of the CVD epidemic in India are particular causes of concern, including its accelerated buildup, the early age of disease onset in the population, and the high case fatality rate. In India, the epidemiological transition from predominantly infectious disease conditions to noncommunicable diseases has occurred over a rather brief period of time. Premature mortality in terms of years of life lost because of CVD in India increased by 59%, from 23.2 million (1990) to 37 million (2010). Despite wide heterogeneity in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors across different regions, CVD has emerged as the leading cause of death in all parts of India, including poorer states and rural areas. The progression of the epidemic is characterized by the reversal of socioeconomic gradients; tobacco use and low fruit and vegetable intake have become more prevalent among those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. In addition, individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds frequently do not receive optimal therapy, leading to poorer outcomes. Countering the epidemic requires the development of strategies such as the formulation and effective implementation of evidence-based policy, reinforcement of health systems, and emphasis on prevention, early detection, and treatment with the use of both conventional and innovative techniques. Several ongoing community-based studies are testing these strategies.
169P: Chemotherapy is not superior to erlotinib in pretreated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A retrospective study
Authors: P. Neumair, L. Joos, R. Warschkow, S. Ess, F. Hitz, M. Frueh, M.H. Brutsche, F. Baty, S. Krähenbühl, M. Jörger
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)
Abstract P159: Sedentary Behavior During the Weekend, Rather Than Weekdays, Affects Body Composition in Young Adults
Authors: Clemens Drenowatz, Madison M DeMello, Robin P Shook, Gregory A Hand, Steven N Blair
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: High sedentary time has been considered an important chronic disease risk factor but there remains limited evidence on the differential effects of sedentary behaviors during weekdays versus the weekend on body composition. The purpose of the study was to examine the prospective association between objectively measured sedentary time and self-reported sedentary behaviors during weekdays and the weekend with body composition in young, healthy adults. Methods: Measurements were taken every 3 months in a sample of 430 young adults (49% male) between 20 and 35 years of age over a period of 1 year. Energy Expenditure, time spent sedentary excluding sleep (SED) was objectively assessed with a multi-sensor device over a period of 10 days at every measurement time. In addition, participants reported sitting time, TV time and non-work related time spent at the computer separately for weekdays and the weekend. Body weight was measured in a fasted state with participants wearing surgical scrubs and in bare feet. Fat mass and fat free mass were assessed via dual x-ray absorptiometry and used to calculate percent body fat (BF). Further, energy intake (EI) was calculated based on change in body composition and objectively measured energy expenditure. Results: A total of 332 (50% male) participants provided valid data over the 12-month observation period. At baseline SED was associated with sitting time (r=0.20), TV time (r=0.23) and non-work computer time (r=0.24) during the weekend (p&lt;0.01) but not during weekdays. Body weight and BF at baseline were directly associated with SED during weekdays and the weekend (0.23 &lt; r &lt; 0.30, p&lt;0.01). In addition, TV time during weekdays was associated with BF (r=0.16, p&lt;0.01). Linear mixed models, adjusted for EI, did not show a significant association between change in SED during weekdays and body composition at 12 months. Change in SED during weekends, however, was directly associated body body composition at 12 months follow up (βweight=0.05, βBF=0.08; p&lt;0.01). As for self-reported sedentary behaviors, only change in sitting time during the weekend was directly associated with BF at 12 months but not with body weight. No significant associations were observed between sedentary behaviors during weekdays and body composition at 12 months. Conclusions: Total sedentary time, rather than specific sedentary behaviors, appears to influence subsequent body composition, particularly during the weekend. These findings suggest that a reduction in leisure time sedentary behaviors should be emphasized in addition to strategies aiming at a reduction in occupational sedentary time when addressing weight management.
The Effect of 10 per Cent and 100 per Cent Oxygen Inhalation on Certain Liver-Function Tests
Authors: Paul Kaufman, Julius Hollo, Julius Rosenthal, Jacob Stone, R. Donald Beck, Victor Fink, Harry Wulfson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

AS EARLY as 1926, evidence was presented by Resnik and Keefer1 that dogs subjected to anoxia were more easily jaundiced by carbon tetrachloride than the control animals. Since then, several authors,2 3 4 using different approaches, furnished additional data indicating that anoxia in its different forms might disturb certain functions of the liver and cause liver damage. Since most of these experiments were done on animals, and since the ones on human beings were carried out after surgical procedures and anesthesia, it seemed a logical step to examine the problem in human beings with moderate liver disease by the most direct method, . . .