tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE POTENCY OF COMMERCIAL VITAMIN PREPARATIONS
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dose-Response Relations in Experimental Transmission of Avian Erythro-myeloblastic Leukosis. V. Influence of Host Age and Route of Virus Inoculation&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Edward A. Eckert, Dorothy Beard, J. W. Beard
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1955)

Dose-Response Relations in Experimental Transmission of Avian Erythro-myeloblastic Leukosis. V. Influence of Host Age and Route of Virus Inoculation Get access Edward A. Eckert, Edward A. Eckert Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, N. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dorothy Beard, Dorothy Beard Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, N. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. W. Beard J. W. Beard Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, N. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 15, Issue 5, April 1955, Pages 1195–1207, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/15.5.1195 Published: 01 April 1955 Article history Received: 13 September 1954 Published: 01 April 1955
Ascites in Hypothyroidism
Authors: T K Biswas, D N Roy, N Sanyal
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Spatial Colocalization of Human Ohnolog Pairs Acts to Maintain Dosage-Balance
Authors: Ting Xie, Qing-Yong Yang, Xiao-Tao Wang, Aoife McLysaght, Hong-Yu Zhang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2016)

Ohnologs –paralogous gene pairs generated by whole genome duplication– are enriched for dosage sensitive genes, that is, genes that have a phenotype due to copy number changes. Dosage sensitive genes frequently occur in the same metabolic pathway and in physically interacting proteins. Accumulating evidence reveals that functionally related genes tend to co-localize in the three-dimensional (3D) arrangement of chromosomes. We query whether the spatial distribution of ohnologs has implications for their dosage balance. We analyzed the colocalization frequency of ohnologs based on chromatin interaction datasets of seven human cell lines and found that ohnolog pairs exhibit higher spatial proximity in 3D nuclear organization than other paralog pairs and than randomly chosen ohnologs in the genome. We also found that colocalized ohnologs are more resistant to copy number variations and more likely to be disease-associated genes, which indicates a stronger dosage balance in ohnologs with high spatial proximity. This phenomenon is further supported by the stronger similarity of gene co-expression and of gene ontology terms of colocalized ohnologs. In addition, for a large fraction of ohnologs, the spatial colocalization is conserved in mouse cells, suggestive of functional constraint on their 3D positioning in the nucleus.
The Oncogenic Spectrum of Two “Pure” Strains of Avian Leukosis
Authors: B. R. Burmester, W. G. Walter, M. Adrian Gross, A. K. Fontes
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1959)

Under experimental conditions conducive to full expression of their pathogenic properties, two “pure” strains of avian leukosis were studied. Six experiments involving 3,178 chickens were performed. Cell-free preparations of erythroblastosis strain R (Beard) caused visceral lymphomatosis in a high percentage of birds that survived the erythroblastosis. Similar cell-free preparations of the myeloblastosis strain A (Beard) caused myeloblastosis, visceral lymphomatosis, renal adenocarcinomas, and osteopetrosis. All combinations except myeloblastosis-visceral lymphomatosis were observed. Infectious levels were found in the oral washings and extracts of droppings (fecal-urinary) from chickens that showed signs of leukosis after intravenous inoculation of plasma from chickens with leukosis strain R and from others with leukosis strain A. Virus was also found in similar collections from noninoculated chickens that showed no evidence of disease, and were reared in contact with others inoculated with strain R. The virus of leukosis strain R and strain A was transmitted by bird-to-bird contact; the former produced erythroblastosis and visceral lymphomatosis, and the latter, visceral lymphomatosis, osteopetrosis, and renal adenocarcinomas in noninoculated pen mates.
QOS-15QUALITY OF LIFE OUTCOMES IN CHILDREN WITH PILOCYTIC ASTROCYTOMAS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Margaret Cupit, Mira Kohorst, Deepti Warad, Zhou Li, Vilmarie Rodriguez, Caterina Giannini, Nadia Laack, David Daniels, Amulya Nageswara Rao
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Bleeding Small Intestine Pyogenic Granuloma on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Amir Iravani, Andrew Law, Michael Millward, Michael Warner, Susan Sparrow
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 53-year-old man with metastatic melanoma, in remission, presented with an 8-week history of melena and anemia. Initial investigations including upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, capsule endoscopy, and Tc-labeled red blood cell scan did not reveal a source of bleeding. Given the concern over melanoma recurrence, F-FDG PET/CT was performed that demonstrated a focus of intense uptake in the small bowel. Uncomplicated surgical resection of the segment of jejunum containing the lesion was performed, after which the patient reported no further gastrointestinal bleeding. Histopathological assessment of the lesion was consistent with pyogenic granuloma.
Identification and treatment of the <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> reservoir in vivo
Authors: Bas G.J. Surewaard, Justin F. Deniset, Franz J. Zemp, Matthias Amrein, Michael Otto, John Conly, Abdelwahab Omri, Robin M. Yates, Paul Kubes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2016)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia is reaching epidemic proportions causing morbidity, mortality, and chronic disease due to relapses, suggesting an intracellular reservoir. Using spinning-disk confocal intravital microscopy to track MRSA-GFP in vivo, we identified that within minutes after intravenous infection MRSA is primarily sequestered and killed by intravascular Kupffer cells (KCs) in the liver. However, a minority of the Staphylococci overcome the KC's antimicrobial defenses. These bacteria survive and proliferate for many days within this intracellular niche, where they remain undetected by recruited neutrophils. Over time, the KCs lyse, releasing bacteria into the circulation, enabling dissemination to other organs such as the kidneys. Vancomycin, the antibiotic of choice to treat MRSA bacteremia, could not penetrate the KCs to eradicate intracellular MRSA. However, based on the intravascular location of these specific macrophages, we designed a liposomal formulation of vancomycin that is efficiently taken up by KCs and diminished the intracellular MRSA. Targeting the source of the reservoir dramatically protected the liver but also dissemination to other organs, and prevented mortality. This vancomycin formulation strategy could help treat patients with Staphylococcal bacteremia without a need for novel antibiotics by targeting the previously inaccessible intracellular reservoir in KCs.
A Phylogenetic Approach Finds Abundant Interlocus Gene Conversion in Yeast
Authors: Xiang Ji, Alexander Griffing, Jeffrey L. Thorne
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2016)

Interlocus gene conversion (IGC) homogenizes repeats. While genomes can be repeat-rich, the evolutionary importance of IGC is poorly understood. Additional statistical tools for characterizing it are needed. We propose a composite likelihood strategy for incorporating IGC into widely-used probabilistic models for sequence changes that originate with point mutation. We estimated the percentage of nucleotide substitutions that originate with an IGC event rather than a point mutation in 14 groups of yeast ribosomal protein-coding genes, and found values ranging from 20% to 38%. We designed and applied a procedure to determine whether these percentages are inflated due to artifacts arising from model misspecification. The results of this procedure are consistent with IGC having had an important role in the evolution of each of these 14 gene families. We further investigate the properties of our IGC approach via simulation. In contrast to usual practice, our findings suggest that the IGC should and can be considered when multigene family evolution is investigated.
Long-Term Results From MOPPEBVCAD Chemotherapy With Optional Limited Radiotherapy in Advanced Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Paolo G. Gobbi, Carla Pieresca, Maria L. Ghirardelli, Nicola DiRenzo, Massimo Federico, Francesco Merli, Emilio Iannitto, Vincenzo Pitini, Giovanni Grignani, Amedea Donelli, Mario Carotenuto, Vittorio Silingardi, Edoardo Ascari
Journal: Blood (1998)
As Directed
Authors: D. L. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Lerman (227:204, 1974) suggests that when he writes a prescription with the directions "Sig: With manufacturer's directions," the pharmacist should label all dispensed drugs with proper individualized instructions. He also recommends that the pharmacist should give the patient the package insert and underline the dosage instructions! As Dr. Lerman is aware, manufacturer's instructions contained in package inserts frequently list<i>several</i>different regimens that are dependent on many specific patient factors. If the pharmacist has access to the patient's record, he can assist the physician in determining the most suitable dosage for a specific patient. However, without this information it is dangerous as well as illegal for the pharmacist to determine the dosage. I agree with Dr. Lerman that verbal instructions are usually unreliable, and it has been demonstrated in the pharmaceutical literature that written instructions in common patient language are much more effective in improving patient
DSM-III personality disorders in the community
Authors: J F Samuels, G Nestadt, A J Romanoski, M F Folstein, P R McHugh
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence and investigate the comorbidity and potential consequences of DSM-III personality disorders in the community.A total of 810 adults were examined in the second stage of the Eastern Baltimore Mental Health Survey in 1981, part of the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area program. The subjects were directly examined by psychiatrists using a semi-structured method that allowed diagnosis of all DSM-III personality disorders as well as other DSM-III psychiatric disorders.The prevalence of personality disorders in these adults was 5.9% (9.3% when provisional cases were included). Men had higher rates than women, and subjects who were separated or divorced had the highest rates. There was little comorbidity among specific personality disorders. Subjects with personality disorders were significantly more likely to have a history of sexual dysfunctions, alcohol use disorders, and drug use disorders as well as suicidal thoughts and attempts. In addition, they reported significantly more life events in the past year. Among subjects with any axis I disorder, those with personality disorders were judged by the psychiatrists to be more in need of treatment; however, only 21% were receiving treatment.Personality disorders are relatively common in the community. They are associated with axis I disorders and life events. Only one-fifth of the individuals who qualify for diagnoses of personality disorders in the community are receiving treatment.
Maximizing the Benefit and Mitigating the Risks of Moral Hazard
Authors: Randi Zlotnik Shaul, Wendy J. Ungar
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2016)

Applying a conceptual tool of one field to a complex activity of another field can lead to valuable insights related to the activity (Zlotnik Shaul and Vitale 2011), as well as nuanced insights int...
Blood-injury phobia
Authors: S M Ko
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

Blood-injury phobia is a unique and peculiar phobia. It is different from other phobias in that it evokes a diphasic cardiovascular response; it has a propensity to induce fainting and nausea more than fear and anxiety; and often there is a family history of a similar phobia. Although it may cause no great difficulty or social handicap in everyday life compared to social phobia, agoraphobia or other simple phobias, it can have grave implications and may even become life-threatening when it prevents essential medical procedures. Unfortunately, not many of its sufferers come for treatment until circumstances require urgent attention. Yet, it can be effectively treated behaviourally by modeling and exposure therapy. Two cases of this fascinating condition are described.
State-dependent learning in hyperactive children receiving methylphenidate
Authors: A Becker-Mattes, J A Mattes, H Abikoff, L Brandt
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

State-dependent learning refers to a failure of learning mastered under one drug condition to be remembered when tested under another drug condition. Previous studies of state-dependent learning in hyperactive children receiving stimulants have yielded conflicting results. The authors systematically evaluated learning and transfer of learning in children who were or were not receiving methylphenidate and included several design features intended to optimize the likelihood of demonstrating state-dependent learning. They found no evidence of state-dependent learning. These results diminish concern regarding state-dependent effects in hyperactive children who are positive drug responders and who are clinically administered methylphenidate to control their hyperactivity.
Effect of age and lenvatinib treatment on overall survival for patients with <sup>131</sup>I-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer in SELECT.
Authors: Marcia S. Brose, Martin Schlumberger, Makoto Tahara, Lori J. Wirth, Bruce Robinson, Rossella Elisei, Kate Newbold, Naomi Kiyota, Ana O. Hoff, Corina Dutcus, James Song, Steven I. Sherman, Matthew Hiram Taylor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

6048 Background: Lenvatinib (LEN) significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) vs placebo (PB) in the phase 3 SELECT trial of patients (pts) with 131I-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC)–a benefit maintained in both younger ( ≤ 65, median 56 years [y]) and older ( > 65, median 71 y) pts. In SELECT, median overall survival (OS) was not reached at data cutoff, and OS was not significantly different between LEN and PB (HR 0.73; 95% CI 0.50-1.07; P = 0.103). Here we examine the effect of age on OS in SELECT. Methods: Pts with RR-DTC and independent radiologic documentation of disease progression were stratified by region, prior VEGF-targeted therapy, and age (younger: LEN, n = 155; PB, n = 81 vs older: LEN, n = 106; PB, n = 50) and randomized 2:1 to LEN or PB. Median follow-up was 17.1 months at primary data cutoff (Nov 15, 2013); 83% of pts on PB crossed over to LEN following confirmed disease progression. Results: Median OS was not reached in any group except in older PB-treated pts (18.4 months; 95% CI, 13.3-20.3). A significant difference in OS was observed in older pts, favoring LEN (HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.31-0.91; P = 0.020). In a related analysis, there was no difference in OS between older and younger pts who received LEN (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.49-1.26; P = 0.304), but there was a statistically significant difference in the PB arm, favoring younger pts (HR 0.48; 95% CI 0.27-0.85; P = 0.010). We examined possible reasons for this difference. There were no statistically significant differences between the age groups for the following factors: baseline ECOG performance status (LEN, P = 0.56; PB, P = 0.46), proportion of pts with prior VEGF-targeted therapy (LEN, P = 0.270, PB, P = 0.757), proportion of PB-treated pts who crossed over to receive LEN (P = 0.441), or the proportion of pts who received post-SELECT anticancer therapy (LEN, P = 0.567, PB, P = 0.112). Older pts did have a nonsignificant larger baseline median sum of target lesions (older: 64.9 mm; younger: 58.3 mm; P = 0.113). Conclusions: Older PB-treated pts with RR-DTC had worse OS than younger PB-treated pts in SELECT. This effect of age was completely mitigated by LEN treatment resulting in improved overall survival for pts > 65 y treated with LEN. Clinical trial information: NCT01321554.
AT-21INTEGRATED (EPI)GENOMIC ANALYSES IDENTIFY SUB-GROUP SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC TARGETS IN CNS RHABDOID TUMORS
Authors: Jonathon Torchia, Shengrui Feng, King Ching Ho, Louis Letourneau, Daniel Picard, Tiffany S. Chan, Alexandre Vasiljevic, Dong Anh Khuong Quang, Brian Golbourn, Dalia Barsyte-Lovejoy, Constanze Zeller, Patrick Sin-Chan, Natalia R. Agamez, Mei Lu, Lucie Lafay-Cousin, Joseph D. Norman, Maryam Fouladi, Lindsey M. Hoffman, Stefan Rutkowski, Torsten Pietsch, Alexander R. Judkins, Eric Bouffet, James T. Rutka, Cynthia E. Hawkins, Cheryl H. Arrowsmith, Daniel De Carvalho, Nada Jabado, Annie Huang
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Evaluation and Management of Febrile Children
Authors: Leigh-Anne Cioffredi, Ravi Jhaveri
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2016)

Management of febrile children is an intrinsic aspect of pediatric practice. Febrile children account for 15% of emergency department visits and outcomes range from the presence of serious bacterial infection to benign self-limited illness.Studies from 1979 to 2015 examining febrile infants and children were included in this review. Management of febrile infants younger than 90 days has evolved considerably in the last 30 years. Increased rates of Escherichia coli urinary tract infections, increasing resistance to ampicillin, and advances in viral diagnostics have had an effect on the approach to caring for these patients. Widespread vaccination with conjugate vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae has virtually eliminated the concern for bacterial infections in children aged 3 to 36 months. Urinary tract infections still remain a concern in febrile infants of all ages.Advances over the last 30 years allow for more precise risk stratification for infants at high risk of serious bacterial infection. With appropriate testing at the initial visit, much of the diagnostic testing and empirical treatment can be avoided for infants younger than 90 days. In the vaccinated child aged 3 to 36 months, the only bacterial infection of concern is urinary tract infection.
NU-17THE DEVELOPMENT OF A BRAIN TUMOUR SCHOOL PASSPORT FOR SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Helen Paisley, Lai Chan, Helen Hartley, Joanne Owen, Vicky Gray, Wendy Blumenow, Michelle Williams, Joanne Rigg, Helen Dunning, Dawn Hennigan, Jill Griffiths, Sue Ashley
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Direct assessment of functional status in older patients with schizophrenia
Authors: J C Klapow, J Evans, T L Patterson, R K Heaton, W L Koch, D V Jeste
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

There has been a growing trend in medicine to evaluate the impact of illness on functional abilities. Such studies typically rely on the patient's or caregiver's report. The goal of this study was to assess directly the functional capacity of psychiatric patients, especially older ones.The subjects were 55 outpatients with schizophrenia and 72 normal persons ranging in age from 45 to 86 years. The subjects were administered the Direct Assessment of Functional Status Scale, which assess behaviour during simulated daily activity tasks in the areas of time orientation, communication, transportation, finance, shopping, grooming, and eating.The patients with schizophrenia had significantly greater disability than the normal subjects according to total scale scores as well as the communication, transportation, finance, and shopping subscale scores. Global cognitive status was the best predictor of total scale score.The Direct Assessment of Functional Status Scale is a promising instrument for functional assessment in outpatients with schizophrenia.
Neuroleptic dose and desipramine concentrations during combined treatment of unipolar delusional depression
Authors: J C Nelson, L H Price, P I Jatlow
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

The relationship of response to neuroleptic dose and desipramine plasma concentration was examined in 31 patients with unipolar delusional depression. The patients received either perphenazine or haloperidol for 1-2 weeks, after which desipramine, 2.5 mg/kg of body weight per day, was added. Neuroleptic dose varied among patients but was constant within individuals. Global response was rated retrospectively on the basis of outcome during the fourth week of combined drug treatment. Responders had higher plasma desipramine concentrations and had received higher neuroleptic doses than nonresponders had. The effective threshold level for desipramine was similar to that previously described for nonpsychotic melancholic patients, suggesting a similar mode of action for the drug in the two disorders.