tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A1.18 Characterisation of a novel neutrophil-deficient mouse strain
Authors: JZ Csepregi, O Kása, D Szikszai, YW He, A Mócsai
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Genetic deletion of specific leukocyte lineages strongly contributes to understanding the role of various leukocyte subsets in physiological and pathological conditions. There have been a number of attempts to generate genetically neutrophil-deficient mouse strains. However, all those strains suffer from substantial limitations such as the limited efficiency of neutrophil deletion, the effect of the mutations on other lineages or the limited survival of the mutant mice. We have previously shown that the antiapoptotic Mcl-1 protein is essential for the survival of neutrophils but not macrophages. Therefore, we tested whether myeloid-specific deletion of Mcl-1 could provide a novel and more suitable genetic model of neutrophil deficiency in experimental mice. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> LysM<sup>Cre</sup> mice expressing Cre recombinase in the myeloid compartment were crossed with animals carrying the Mcl-1<sup>flox</sup> mutation to obtain LysM<sup>Cre/Cre</sup>Mcl-1<sup>flox/flox</sup> (referred to as Mcl-1<sup>ΔMyelo</sup>) mice characterised by myeloid-specific conditional deletion of Mcl-1. Leukocyte populations in the peripheral blood, spleen and bone marrow of intact Mcl-1<sup>ΔMyelo</sup> mice and Mcl-1<sup>ΔMyelo</sup> bone marrow chimaeras were tested by flow cytometry. K/BxN serum-transfer arthritis was used as a neutrophil-dependent <i>in vivo</i> inflammation model. Arthritis severity was followed by clinical scoring, ankle thickness measurement and assessment of the articular function. <h3>Results</h3> Mcl-1<sup>ΔMyelo</sup> mice are viable and fertile without any gross abnormalities, even in homozygous form. The mice have a strong (&gt;95%) reduction of circulating neutrophil counts and severe deficiency of splenic and bone marrow neutrophils. However, other leukocytes such as circulating eosinophils, monocytes, T- or B cells, or splenic dendritic cells and macrophages are not affected. Intact Mcl-1<sup>ΔMyelo</sup> mice and Mcl-1<sup>ΔMyelo</sup> bone marrow chimaeras are completely protected from all signs of arthritis development in the K/BxN serum-transfer model. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The Mcl-1<sup>ΔMyelo</sup> mutation leads to dramatic reduction of the number of circulating and tissue neutrophils without affecting other blood and splenic leukocyte lineages. The Mcl-1<sup>ΔMyelo</sup> mice are viable and fertile in homozygous form but are completely protected from arthritis development in a known neutrophil-dependent <i>in vivo</i> disease model. Taken together, the Mcl-1<sup>ΔMyelo</sup> mice may provide a useful novel model of genetically determined neutrophil deficiency.
Letter to the Editor: Caution needed when using gridded meteorological data products for analyses in Africa
Authors: J Shaman
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Preview this article: Letter to the Editor: Caution needed when using gridded meteorological data products for analyses in Africa, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/19/41/art20930-en-1.gif
Transitory Lung Infiltrations Accompanied by Eosinophilia
Authors: Henry Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

THE clinical aspects of any disease may be said to comprise a group of features that in the aggregate tend to classify it as a clinical entity. Some diseases have certain pathognomonic features that identify them immediately, whereas in others the clinical picture is simulated by such a variety of etiologic agents that it is impossible to be certain of the diagnosis except by careful study and the elimination of similar diseases. Such a condition is the syndrome of transient pulmonary infiltrations with blood eosinophilia, first described in 1932 by Loeffler,1 professor of medicine at the University of Zurich. By . . .
New Project Aims To Reduce Risk of Cancer, Heart Disease
Authors: E. T. Carbone
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Journal Article New Project Aims To Reduce Risk of Cancer, Heart Disease Get access Elena T. Carbone Elena T. Carbone Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 80, Issue 15, 5 October 1988, Pages 1187–1188, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.15.1187 Published: 05 October 1988
Abstract 5143: The role of VEGFR2 in lung cancer differs between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Marta Larrayoz, Jackeline Agorreta, Maria J. Pajares, Luis M. Montuenga, Ruben Pio
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is a cytokine implicated in proliferation, migration and cell survival that mediates its effects through its major receptor, VEGFR2. VEGFA is highly induced by hypoxia and is a crucial regulator of angiogenesis in both healthy and tumor tissues. For this reason, many efforts have been made to target the VEGFA/VEGFR2 pathway for the treatment of cancer. In lung cancer, an anti-VEGFA therapy (bevacizumab) was approved, in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy, as first line treatment in unresectable advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The expression of VEGFA has been widely reported in NSCLC, supporting the idea that VEGFA is produced by tumor cells and activates its receptors on endothelial cells, leading to vascularization of the tumor. However, it is known that NSCLC cells also express VEGFR2, although its role in tumor progression or response to treatment has not been evaluated. The aim of the present work was to study the biological role of the autocrine/paracrine VEGFA loop in NSCLC cells, paying special attention to the differences between the two main histological subtypes. To this purpose, we assessed the expression and activation of the VEGFA-VEGFR2 pathway in NSCLC cell lines, analyzing the effect of VEGFR2 inhibition/overexpression in both adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines. Human NSCLC cell lines were examined for the expression of VEGFA and VEGFR2 by real time PCR and Western blotting. All cell lines expressed VEGFA. Two out of ten ADC cell lines (NCI-H441 and NCI-H358), and two out of eleven SCC cell lines (EPLC-272H and LOU-NH91) showed detectable levels of VEGFR2. Addition of exogenous VEGFA to VEGFR2-positive cells induced phosphorylation of the receptor and activation of its intracellular signaling pathway. To better understand the role of VEGFR2 in NSCLC, we used lentiviruses to inhibit or retroviruses to overexpress this protein in VEGFR2-positive cell lines. Changes in VEGFR2 levels had no effect in proliferation or migration in the ADC cell lines. However, in the SCC cell lines, the inhibition of the receptor increased proliferation and decreased migration. When the receptor was overexpressed in the SCC cell lines, the opposite effects were observed. In conclusion, VEGFR2 is expressed by some NSCLC cell lines and its activation may have different effects depending on the histology of the cells. Specifically, in SCC cells the activation of VEGFR2 decreases cell growth. These data illustrate the importance of the different histologies in the study of the VEGFA biology in NSCLC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5143. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5143
Absence of Shared HLA Class II (DR, DQ)-Linked Genetic Basis Between IDDM and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Japanese
Authors: Takuya Awata, Eiyu Katsuren, Chiaki Matsumoto, Iwao Nagayama, Yasuko Uchigata, Nobuakl Kuzuya, Yasunori Kanazawa
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)
Incidental Detection of Intracranial Tuberculomas on 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT/CT
Authors: Madhavi Tripathi, Geetanjali Arora, Chandan J Das, Tripti Grover, Ranjan Gupta, Chandrasekhar Bal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

99mTc-TRODAT-1 has high affinity and specificity for dopamine transporters and is useful for the evaluation of presynaptic dopaminergic function, especially in parkinsonism. There have been a few reports of extrastriatal pathological accumulation of 99mTc-TRODAT-1. We report a patient with intracranial tuberculomas that were incidentally detected when he underwent 99mTc-TRODAT-1 scintigraphy for an unrelated indication.
Characteristics of Pneumonias Caused by<i>Escherichia coli</i>
Authors: James R. Tillotson, A. Martin Lerner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

IN an initial report we observed that pneumonias caused by gram-negative bacilli other than Klebsiella pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae do occur.1 Moreover, in a large general hospital these "unusual" pneumonias are not rare. In the 38 original cases the pneumonias due to Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, proteus species or bacteroides were predominantly diseases of middle-aged men with underlying alcoholism, diabetes mellitus or cardiac or chronic pulmonary diseases. The overall mortality was 45 per cent.1 Since the increasing seriousness of infections due to gram-negative bacilli is now generally recognized,2 3 4 5 and moreover, since these are among the most difficult illnesses to . . .
S107 Effects of Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Condensate on Pneumococcal Gene Expression in Relation to Biofilm Formation
Authors: R Cockeran, J Herbert, TJ Mitchell, HC Steel, ND Mutepe, C Feldman, R Anderson
Journal: Thorax (2012)

Although cigarette smoking is well-recognised as being the strongest independent risk factor for development of invasive pneumococcal disease, little is known about its direct effects on the expression of virulence factors by the pneumococcus. The primary objectives of the current study were to investigate the effects on gene expression in relation to biofilm formation following exposure of the pneumococcus to cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). Strain 172 (serotype 2–3F) of the pneumococcus was exposed to CSC (20–160 µg/ml) for 16 hours at 37°C in 6-well tissue culture plates to facilitate adherence and biofilm formation. Following incubation, biofilm associated with the adherent bacteria was stained with 0.1% crystal violet, extracted and assayed spectrophotometrically. In the case of gene expression, the bacteria (2 x 10<sup>8</sup> colony forming units/ml) were exposed to CSC (160 µg/ml) or solvent for 60 min at 37°C, after which RNA was extracted and converted to cDNA by reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and whole genome gene expression profiles determined using the <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> TIGR4 DNA Microarray Chip. Six microarrays were performed (in triplicate for the control and CSC-treated systems). Exposure of the pneumococcus to CSC resulted in dose-related augmentation of biofilm formation which attained statistical significance (<i>P</i>&lt;0.05) at concentrations of 80 and 160 µg/ml. CSC-mediated augmentation of biofilm formation was associated with selective and significant up-regulation of the genes encoding the two-component 11 system (TCS11), consisting of the genes <i>hk11</i> (histidine kinase) and its cognate response regulator, <i>rr11</i>, which has been implicated in biofilm formation by <i>S. mutans</i>. Relative to the non-exposed control system, the respective levels of up-regulation of each gene were 19.7- and 22.5-fold (<i>P</i>&lt;0.001 and <i>P</i>&lt;0.0006). Induction of biofilm formation, probably as a stress response resulting in activation of TCS11, may underpin cigarette smoke-mediated colonisation of the respiratory tract by the pneumococcus.
Successful management using endoclips of rectal perforation during retroflexion in a patient with radiation proctitis
Authors: S. Singhal, K. Changela, H. Lopez-Morra, T. Bhatia, A. Cayton, S. Anand
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 73-year-old man with a history of prostate cancer and radiation proctitis presented for a surveillance colonoscopy. Radiation proctopathy was found and was treated with argon plasma coagulation. A retroflexion was performed with some difficulty. A 2-cm linear tear was noted at the rectum junction ([Fig. 1]), showing exposure of the muscularis layer of the rectum with oozing blood. Three endoclips were successfully applied to approximate the epithelial margins of the tear ([Fig. 2]). The patient remained asymptomatic and hemodynamically stable after the procedure. Computed tomography (CT) scan after the procedure revealed a full-thickness posterior midline rectal perforation with free air extending into the retroperitoneal space, right pelvic sidewall, and surrounding the aorta and iliac vessels ([Fig. 3]). There was no evidence of intraperitoneal free air. The patient was managed conservatively with nil by mouth, intravenous fluids, and intravenous antibiotics. A follow-up CT scan on day 3 revealed closure of the rectal defect posterior to the endoscopic clips and a decrease in the retroperitoneal free air ([Fig. 4]). Liquid diet was started on day 3 and advanced over the next 2 days. The patient was discharged home on day 5. Endoscopists should use caution while performing retroflexion in patients with radiation proctitis. Rectal perforations limited to the retroperitoneum can be managed conservatively with endoscopic clipping.
ESTUDIO RETROSPECTIVO DE LA ENDOSCOPIA PEDIÁTRICA REALIZADA EN UNA UNIDAD DE ENDOSCOPIA DIGESTIVA DE ADULTOS
Authors: J Rosón Rodríguez Pedro, J Cotta Rebollo, E Toscano Castilla, M Lozano Lanagran, MC López Vega
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Introducción: La endoscopia digestiva es una técnica segura, eficaz y con mínimas complicaciones, y una herramienta de diagnóstico necesaria para la población pediátrica, igual que para la adulta. Los servicios de endoscopia especializados en pediatría, son escasamente disponibles y derivar los enfermos, supone un aumento en los tiempos de espera y los costes. En este trabajo presentamos nuestra experiencia con la endoscopia pediátrica en la unidad de endoscopia para adultos en nuestro hospital.
Abstract 1811: Breaking scaffolds: Targeting paxillin in ovarian cancer
Authors: Amy Carroll, Seung Wook Kim, Alpa M. Nick, Rebecca L. Stone, Whitney A. Spannuth, Guillermo N. Armaiz-Pena, Koji Matsuo, Pablo E. Vivas-Mejia, Selanere Mangala, Edna M. Mora, Mian Shahzad, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, Anil K. Sood
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background Paxillin is a mediator of many cellular processes important for cancer progression. Here, we characterize the clinical and biologic significance of paxillin in epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods Paxillin and phospho-paxillin expression was determined in 93 human epithelial ovarian cancer specimens. Clinical data were extracted and associations tested using univariate and multivariate analyses. The effect of paxillin silencing on ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion was evaluated in vitro. In vivo paxillin silencing was achieved with siRNA incorporated into DOPC nanoliposomes and its effect on tumor growth, angiogenesis, and proliferation were examined. Results Examination of 93 epithelial ovarian cancers revealed moderate to high paxillin expression in 84% and high phospho-paxillin expression in 63% of tumors. High paxillin expression correlated with high tumor grade (p=0.02) and advanced stage (p=0.03). Phospho-paxillin expression was associated with high tumor grade (p=0.01), suboptimal cytoreduction (p=0.01), and decreased overall survival (p&amp;lt;0.001). Compared to non-transformed ovarian epithelial cells (HIO-180), paxillin expression was increased in chemosensitive (HeyA8, SKOV3) and chemoresistant (HeyA8-MDR, SKOV3-TR) ovarian cancer cell lines. Paxillin siRNA resulted in &amp;gt;85% reduction in protein expression in these cell lines. In vitro paxillin silencing decreased HeyA8 and HeyA8-MDR cell migration (60% and 75%) and invasion (55% and 47%). In orthotopic mouse models, paxillin siRNA treatment reduced tumor growth in HeyA8 and HeyA8-MDR by 49% and 31%, respectively, compared to non-targeting siRNA controls. The greatest efficacy was observed by combining paxillin siRNA with docetaxel, resulting in a &amp;gt;90% and 45% reduction in tumor burden over non-targeting siRNA in HeyA8 and HeyA8-MDR tumors, respectively. The dramatic in vivo effects of paxillin silencing are due, in part, to its activation of multiple signaling cascades once localized to the focal adhesion complex. Protein complex immunoprecipitation confirms interactions with Src, FAK, and EphA2 tyrosine kinases as well as effector molecules such as Crk. Paxillin silencing resulted in decreased proliferation by 57%, decreased microvessel density by 72%, and increased apoptosis by 140% in HeyA8 tumors. Conclusion Paxillin is overexpressed in epithelial ovarian cancer. Paxillin influences several pathways important to cancer progression and represents a novel and attractive treatment target in ovarian cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1811.
P5-05-07: The Msp1 Polymorphism of Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 in Asymptomatic Women with Breast Cysts.
Authors: R Fenile, A Nazário, G Facina
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of the cystic form of fibrocystic breast changes among women from different age groups correlated with the presence of the Msp1 polymorphism of cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1. Methods: A retrospective, case-control study (was carried out with ultrasound examination) was performed on 197 women divided into two groups: 44 women with cystic breast disease (cases) and 153 women without breast disease (controls), the majority Caucasian, aged 41–50 years, having regular menstrual cycles, pregnancies and complaining of mastalgia. Genetic analyses were carried out by performing polymerase chain reaction to detect the Msp1 polymorphism in CYP1A1. Results: Cystic breast disease as diagnosed by ultrasound was present in 22% of the population studied. In the genetic analysis of CYP1A1, we observed the homozygous wild-type genotype in 68.2% of cases and 66% of controls. The heterozygous genotype occurred in 31.28% of cases and 26.8% of controls. The homozygous mutant genotype was seen in zero cases and in 7.2% of controls. There were no statistically significant differences in the genotype frequencies observed between the case and control groups (p = 0.42). Conclusion: The prevalence and the general epidemiological profile of cystic breast disease in this group were consistent with the values previously reported the literature. There was a higher frequency of heterozygotes in the case than in the control group, but this was not true for the homozygote mutant genotype. There was no statistically significant association detected between the CYP1A1 Msp1 polymorphism and fibrocystic breast disease. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-05-07.
Retroperitoneal Castleman Disease on 99mTc DTPA Renal Scintigraphy
Authors: Le Song, Qian Yao, Xin Huang, Yanyan Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

We report a case of pathology-proven retroperitoneal Castleman disease, which demonstrated elevated 99mTc DTPA accumulation on renal scintigraphy in a 48-year-old man who presented with back pain.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION IN AN EUROPEAN CENTER
Authors: F Baldaque-Silva, M Marques, F Vilas Boas, E Duarte, J Lopes, F Carneiro, G Macedo
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Introduction: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) allows en bloc resection of gastrointestinal lesions but demands skilful endoscopic teams. Comparing to endoscopic mucosal resection, it is associated with prolonged procedure time and increased risks of complications. European reports on ESD are scarce and limited in size. Aims & Methods: In this prospective study, we aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this technique in our center. Consecutive patients with gastrointestinal lesions with indication for ESD were invited to participate. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of our Institution and each patient gave written inform consent. All ESDs were performed in the endoscopy unit under propofol sedation using IT-knife 2, IT-knife nano and Dual-knife according to lesions localization. Follow-up endoscopies were performed 2 months after ESD and subsequently each 6 – 12 months, according to pathology result. Results: 104 patients (45 female, mean age 63,7 ± 13 years-old) were invited to participate. The corresponding 109 lesions were located in the esophagus (n = 5), stomach (n = 77), duodenum (n = 3), colon (n = 6) and rectum (n = 18). En bloc resection and R0 resection were obtained in 94% and 81% of cases, respectively. The specimens size ranged between 17 – 140 mm (mean 36 ± 18 mm), corresponding to lesions with 9 – 105 mm (mean 28 ± 18 mm). The median procedure length was 94 ± 80 minutes. Six lesions were subepitelial, being the remaining epithelial. The most frequent pathological results were low-grade dysplasia (n = 35), high-grade dysplasia (n = 26), intramucosal adenocarcinoma (n = 14), invasive carcinoma (n = 7). Two patients had acute surgery due to perforation (n = 1) and bleeding (n = 1). One patient had emphysema treated conservatively. Six patients had delayed bleeding. In 69% of cases ESD was performed in an outpatient basis, being all patients discharged in up to 7 days. Conclusión: In this prospective study, ESD enabled accurate resection, with low complications rate and no mortality.
Intraoperative Localization of Recurrent Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid Using Tc-99m HYNIC-TATE and a Surgical Gamma Probe
Authors: Anar Aliyev, Meltem Ocak, Levent Kabasakal, Yusif Haciyev, Meftune Ozhan, Ozge Vural, Ozcan Ozturk, Ahmet Demirkaya, Ilhami Uslu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Preoperative octreotide scintigraphy imaging has opened up a new era to approach recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). We describe the case of a 53-year-old woman who was diagnosed with recurrent MTC and elevated serum calcitonin level >2000 pg/mL. Preoperatively, Tc-99m HYNIC-TATE scintigraphy was used in identifying 2 focal abnormalities in the right upper cervical and left upper mediastinal regions, and a hand-held gamma probe was used intraoperatively to identify the hot areas. Six months after intraoperative dissection, serum calcitonin level and Tc-99m HYNIC-TATE scintigraphy were found normal. This case demonstrates the proper localization for recurrent MTC using Tc-99m HYNIC-TATE and a surgical gamma probe.