tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 964: Chlormethiazole, an inhibitor of CYP2E1, prevented chemical carcinogen-initiated and alcohol-promoted hepatic carcinongenesis in rats.
Authors: Qinyuan Ye, Pollyanna R.G. Chavez, Fuzhi Lian, Yan Wang, Kang-Quan Hu, Wenhua Ling, Helmut K. Seitz, Xiang-Dong Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Chronic and excessive alcohol ingestion, a known risk factor of liver cancer, has been shown to upregulate hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), which is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species and carcinogenic acetaldehyde, the activation of procarcinogens as well as the enhanced catabolism of retinoid. Further, treatment with the CYP2E1 inhibitors, including chlormethiazole (CMZ), have been shown to protect against alcohol-induced liver injury. In order to determine whether treatment with CYP2E1 inhibitor protects against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated, alcohol-promoted carcinogenesis in the liver, we fed rats (n=6) with either an ethanol liquid diet (Lieber-DeCarli diet) or a non-ethanol liquid diet with isocaloric maltodextrin, with or without CMZ (100 mg/kg BW), for a short-term (1 month) and a long-term (10 months). DEN was given as an initiator for hepatic carcinogenesis by i.p. injection of 20 mg DEN/kg BW. Hepatocarcinogenesis was assessed by examining the placental glutathione-s-transferase (p-GST) immunostaining of altered hepatic foci (AHF) and hepatic tumors lesions. Hepatocyte proliferation was assessed by immunohistochemistry for proliferating cellular nuclear antigen and Ki67, as well as cyclin D1. Hepatic expression of TNF-α and activation of NF-κB and CYP2E1 were assessed by either RT-PCR or Western blotting analysis. Hepatic retinol and retinoic acid were analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC. Results showed that CMZ treatment significantly inhibited ethanol-induced AHF formation, CYP2E1 expression and activity, TNF-α mRNA expression, NF-κB activation and hepatocyte proliferation after a 1-month period. After 10-months of treatment, hepatic nodular regenerative hyperplasia, and hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma were detected in the ethanol-fed rats, but not in the rest of rat groups with the same dose of DEN treatment, including non-ethanol fed rats and ethanol-fed rats with CMZ treatment. In addition, the CMZ treatment prevented alcohol-reduced retinol and retinoic acid in the livers of rats after 1- and 10-months of treatment. These data demonstrate that CYP2E1 inhibitor can counter the tumor-promoting action of ethanol by restoring normal hepatic levels of retinoic acid. In considering the efficacy and complex biological functions of retinoids in human cancer prevention, intervention using CYP2E1 inhibitors that target alcohol-induced CYP2E1, could provide complementary or synergistic protective effects against alcohol-related cancer risk. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 964.
Report from the kick-off meeting of the Cochrane Skin Group Core Outcome Set Initiative (CSG-COUSIN)
Authors: J. Schmitt, S. Deckert, M. Alam, C. Apfelbacher, J. Barbaric, A. Bauer, J. Chalmers, O. Chosidow, F. Delamere, E. Doney, V. Eleftheriadou, M. Grainge, L. Johannsen, J. Kottner, L. Le Cleach, A. Mayer, M. Pinart, L. Prescott, C.A.C. Prinsen, S. Ratib, J.G. Schlager, M. Sharma, K.S. Thomas, T. Weberschock, K. Weller, R.N. Werner, T. Wild, S.R. Wilkes, H.C. Williams
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

A major obstacle of evidence‐based clinical decision making is the use of nonstandardized, partly untested outcome measurement instruments. Core Outcome Sets (COSs) are currently developed in different medical fields to standardize and improve the selection of outcomes and outcome measurement instruments in clinical trials, in order to pool results of trials or to allow indirect comparison between interventions. A COS is an agreed minimum set of outcomes that should be measured and reported in all clinical trials of a specific disease or trial population. The international, multidisciplinary Cochrane Skin Group Core Outcome Set Initiative (CSG‐COUSIN) aims to develop and implement COSs in dermatology, thus making trial evidence comparable and, herewith, more useful for clinical decision making. The inaugural meeting of CSG‐COUSIN was held on 17–18 March 2015 in Dresden, Germany, as the exclusive theme of the Annual Cochrane Skin Group Meeting. In total, 29 individuals representing a broad mix of different stakeholder groups, professions, skills and perspectives attended. This report provides a description of existing COS initiatives in dermatology, highlights current methodological challenges in COS development, and presents the concept, aims and structure of CSG‐COUSIN.
Detection of Abscesses With Tc-99m HMPAO Leukocyte Scintigraphy Depends on Their Stage and Location
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, JIAN-KUI HAN, SYLVIA MAGOUN, M. McCORMICK, CALIXTO PUMANO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Two abscesses were shown on CT in a 72-year-old man: one in the left hip and one in the left pelvic region that resulted from a motor vehicle collision that occurred 8 months earlier. Bone scintigraphy showed increased uptake in the left hip area. On Tc-99m HMPAO leukocyte imaging, the hip area appeared to be photopenic, and the abscess of the left pelvis was not identified. Incidental uptake in the left lung base appeared to be an active acute inflammatory process as evidenced by an infiltrating lesion in the left lower lung on a chest radiograph. Because leukocyte scintigraphy cannot detect the presence of a chronic inflammatory process in the absence of acute inflammatory cells, the patient's abscesses in the left hip and the left pelvis did not localize Tc-99m HMPAO-labeled neutrophils. The cold lesion in the left hip area was most likely caused by the lesion in the reticuloendothelial system (bone marrow); the unidentifiable pelvic lesion was related to the area(s) outside the reticuloendothelial system. In interpreting a labeled leukocyte image, clinicians should be alert to the stage (chronic or acute) and location (regardless of whether in the reticuloendothelial system) of infectious lesion(s). In this patient, a wide spectrum of manifestations was evident on leukocyte scintigraphy.
Abstract SY31-04: Impact of cytokines on neurocircuits relevant to anxiety, depression, and fatigue in cancer patients
Authors: Andrew Miller
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Clues have been revealed regarding the brain regions that may be targeted by cytokines to change behavior and cognition. Mounting data indicate that activation of the inflammatory response and the release of inflammatory cytokines can lead to changes in behavior including depression, anxiety, fatigue and cognitive dysfunction. Given the association of immune system activation with a host of medical illnesses including cancer, such cytokine-induced behavioral changes may contribute to the high rate of depression, anxiety, fatigue and other behavioral alterations observed in cancer patients. Using the anti-viral cytokine, interferon (IFN)-alpha, work by our group and others has demonstrated that cytokines can access the brain and alter the function of the basal ganglia as measured by brain imaging techniques including both functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography as well as in vivo microdialysis in non-human primates. The basal ganglia are key brain structures involved in the regulation of motor activity and motivation. Cytokine-induced alterations in basal ganglia function in turn have been associated with motor slowing and fatigue and appear to involve fundamental alterations in presynaptic dopamine function. In addition, cytokines appear to activate areas of the brain including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex that are triggered in behavioral states of anxiety, arousal and alarm. Thus, the constellation of effects of cytokines on the brain includes the inhibition of brain circuits involved in exploratory behavior in addition to the activation of circuits that lead to a sense of danger. Taken together, these cytokine effects on behavior and cognition may subserve competing evolutionary survival priorities during infection and/or wounding to conserve energy resources for fighting pathogens while at the same time increasing vigilance against predators who may attack during states of vulnerability. Chronic or excessive inflammation and activation of these brain circuits during illnesses such as cancer, however, may lead to the development of behavioral pathologies in vulnerable individuals. Such behavioral alterations may be uniquely targeted by therapies focused on the immune system. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY31-04. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-SY31-04
Urinary Beta-Glucuronidase Activity in Patients with Urinary-Tract Infection
Authors: Norman Bank, Samuel H. Bailine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

A NUMBER of studies have established the presence of lysosomes in the tubular and interstitial cells of the rat kidney.1 2 3 4 5 6 Because they contain several proteolytic enzymes lysosomes are thought to function in normal intracellular digestion.7 However, some experimental evidence suggests that disruption of their surrounding membrane in vivo may result in tissue damage or destruction.7 Because of the possibility that lysosomes are present in the human kidney and may be involved in certain kinds of renal disease, it was thought to be of interest to measure urinary beta-glucuronidase (an enzyme concentrated in rat-kidney lysosomes2) in normal subjects and patients . . .
Abstract P2-11-08: Feasibility of Enrollment Into a Survivorship Care Plan Study at Initial Diagnosis
Authors: KJ Bulloch, M Irwin, A Chagpar, T Sanft
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: The Institute of Medicine currently recommends all cancer survivors be provided survivorship care plans (SCPs) to aid them in their transition from cancer patient to cancer survivor. To our knowledge, there are very few comprehensive cancer treatment centers that report having a system that insures all patients will receive SCPs. One of the chief obstacles in broadly providing care plans is logistical; not all breast cancer patients undergo the same treatment progression and thus it is difficult to identify a suitable time after which the provider should distribute SCPs. Though adjuvant treatment pathways differ between patients, nearly all breast cancer patients receive surgery and thus surgery clinics could provide an opportunity to identify the majority of patients who will eventually be cancer survivors. The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of providing SCPs to breast cancer survivors by enrolling them at the postoperative visit and tracking them prospectively throughout their treatment. Methods: 75 English-speaking women over the age of 18 with stage I-III breast cancer were enrolled at their postoperative appointment. The participants' treatment progress was tracked through the electronic medical record; the treatment information was abstracted from the records and used to create treatment summaries. Once treatment was completed, participants received the SCP during one of their scheduled follow-up appointments. Results: Accrual occurred during 42 clinic days between April 2011 and February 2012. During that time, there were 129 postoperative appointments for patients with a diagnosis of breast cancer. 54 did not meet the eligibility requirements; 46 were DCIS, three had metastatic cancer, and five did not speak English. Of the patients who met the eligibility requirements 100% agreed to participate. Characteristics are shown in Table 1. Only 39.4% of participants received both chemotherapy and radiation and 9.6% of our participants received their adjuvant therapy outside of Smilow Cancer Center. Conclusion: Women recently diagnosed with breast cancer are interested in receiving survivorship care plans after treatment, as demonstrated by 100% accrual rate of eligible patients approached in the postoperative visit. The postoperative visit in a surgical clinic may provide the starting point for tracking a patient through treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-11-08.
Guide aims to help patients be wary of "miracle cures"
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A new guide has been published to help patients make informed decisions when confronted with the plethora of treatments available on the internet.

The guide, I’ve Got Nothing to Lose by Trying It , written by patients’ groups, medical charities, and the UK charity Sense About Science, says that untested cures can give vulnerable patients false hope, expose them to financial hardship, and …
Redeployed functions versus spreading activation: A potential confound
Authors: Colin Klein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract Anderson's meta-analysis of fMRI data is subject to a potential confound. Areas identified as active may make no functional contribution to the task being studied, or may indicate regions involved in the coordination of functional networks rather than information processing per se. I suggest a way in which fMRI adaptation studies might provide a useful test between these alternatives.
SAT0393 Distinguishing Spinal Diseases from Spondylitis among Psoriatic Subjects: the Performance of ASAS Inflammatory Back Pain Definition in A Mono-Centric CASE Series
Authors: G. De Marco, A. Cattaneo, N. Battafarano, C.G. Carrera, A. Marchesoni
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Inflammatory back pain (IBP) is a symptom related to axial spondyloarthritis. Applying the ASAS IBP definition in a large validation cohort yielded sensitivity and specificity of 79.6% and 72.4%, respectively. <h3>Objectives</h3> Since ASAS IBP definition was never tested in psoriatic subjects, we report here the performance of those criteria in such peculiar setting. <h3>Methods</h3> All the subjects followed up at our dermatological clinic were consecutively referred to rheumatologist whether: a) spontaneously reporting musculo-skeletal complaints; b) the dermatologists noticed limping or articular/digital swelling. Dermatological features (PASI score, age of onset, previous/current therapies) were recorded. All referred subjects underwent a thorough rheumatological evaluation encompassing joint counts (tender, swollen, damaged), entheses counts and others as suggested in the international consensus. Patients also underwent radiographic evaluation of painful areas, laboratory test were performed if needed. PsA diagnosis was established through expert opinion. Subjects with incomplete data were excluded from this report. <h3>Results</h3> Subjects referred were 277, data were available for 257 (92.8%). At enrolment females were 135 (52.5%), the mean age was 56.2 years (SD 12.8), median psoriasis duration was 10.5 years (IQR 4-19). Plaque psoriasis was prevalent (78.9%), the median PASI score was 3.2 (IQR 1.2-6), 34 subjects (13.4%) scoring ≥10. TNF-inhibitors, methotrexate, cyclosporine A or systemic steroids were given to 73 subjects (28.4%). Spinal pain was reported by 77 subjects (30%), IBP by 25 subjects (9.7%). Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) cases were 109 (42%), of whom 64 were diagnosed as consequence of enrolment. Psoriatic spondylitis was detected in 17 cases (15.6% of PsA), 100 subjects (41.7% of the sample) had spinal diseases other than spondylitis. The performance of ASAS IBP definition in our sample was as follows: sensitivity 70.6%, specificity 94.6%; positive predictive value 48%, negative predictive value 97.8%; positive likelihood ratio 13.03, negative likelihood ratio 0.31. When psoriatic spondylitidies were compared to other spinal diseases, positive and negative likelihood ratios were 6.4 and 0.95, respectively (the other parameters changed slightly). <h3>Conclusions</h3> ASAS IBP definition showed a good performance when applied to psoriatic subjects. Although tested in a small series, the performance was more specific than the original validation. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1325
The Effect of Medicare's Payment System for Rehabilitation Hospitals on Length of Stay, Charges, and Total Payments
Authors: Leighton Chan, Thomas D. Koepsell, Richard A. Deyo, Peter C. Esselman, Jodie K. Haselkorn, Joseph K. Lowery, Walter C. Stolov
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Medicare's system for the payment of rehabilitation hospitals is based on limits derived from a hospital's average allowable charges per patient discharged during a base year. Thereafter, payments are capped, but hospitals receive incentive payments if charges per patient are reduced in succeeding years. We hypothesized that per-patient charges would increase during the base year and then decrease in subsequent years. Hospitals would thus have higher reimbursement limits and receive incentive payments for reducing their charges.
Late presentation of a giant gastrogastric fistula following gastric bypass, treated with a colic over-the-scope clip after unsuccessful surgical repair
Authors: Gianfranco Donatelli, Bertrand Vergeau, Jean Dumont, Thierry Tuszynski, Stavros Dritsas, Parag Dhumane, Bruno Meduri
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Gastrogastric fistula (GGF) is a potential complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and results in failure to achieve long-term weight loss [1]. Revision surgery can be technically challenging and is associated with high morbidity [2]. Endoscopic repair using suture systems [1] [2] [3], plugs, clips, fibrin glue, temporary stenting, or coagulation have been reported [2], with high success rates mainly in small GGF (less then 10 mm) [3] [4]. We report the successful treatment of a giant chronic GGF using a colic over-the-scope clip (OTSC; Ovesco Endoscopy GmbH, Tübingen, Germany) after failed revision surgery.
Abnormal Tryptophan Metabolism in a Family With a History of Bladder Cancer23
Authors: James E. Leklem, Raymond R. Brown
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Abnormal Tryptophan Metabolism in a Family With a History of Bladder Cancer Get access James E. Leklem, James E. Leklem Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Raymond R. Brown Raymond R. Brown 6 6Address reprint requests to Dr. Brown. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 56, Issue 6, June 1976, Pages 1101–1104, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/56.6.1101 Published: 01 June 1976 Article history Received: 15 July 1975 Accepted: 13 December 1975 Published: 01 June 1976
Targeted molecular therapies against epidermal growth factor receptor: Past experiences and challenges
Authors: D. A. Reardon, P. Y. Wen, I. K. Mellinghoff
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has emerged as a highly attractive therapeutic target in glioblastoma (GBM) based on its high frequency of gene amplification and mutation and its identification as an upstream trigger of dysregulated cell signaling cascades that drive GBM pathophysiology. Extensive investment has been committed in an attempt to exploit EGFR therapeutically to improve outcome for GBM patients, including the development of a variety of EGFR-targeting therapeutics as well as the participation of hundreds of participants in multiple, carefully constructed clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the design and results of clinical trials evaluating EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in recurrent and newly diagnosed GBM patients. While overall results thus far have been disappointing, it is premature to discount EGFR as a therapeutic target in GBM on the basis of these studies given the limitations in study design and the pharmacology of first-generation EGFR kinase inhibitors. Although important lessons have been learned, critical questions remain unanswered and warrant further study.
AB0492 Long term safety of anti-TNF alfa in patients with inflammatory arthritis and hbv infection: Focus on hepatitis B surface antibody status
Authors: R. Tirri, G. Stornaiuolo, P. Sessa, I. Puca, G. Brancaccio, G.B. Gaeta, G. Valentini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The rate of viral reactivation in occult HBV carriers (HBsAg-/HBcAb+) in the course of immunosuppressive therapy ranges from 5% to 10%.(1) Nevertheless, anti-TNFalpha therapy was reported to be quite a safe option in HBV occult carriers (i.e. HBsAg-; HBcAb+) patients in Italy(2). Recent data from Taiwan (Cina) pointed out the occurrence of viral reactivation in 1/12 HBV occult carriers patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) undergoing such treatment(3). <h3>Objectives</h3> This abstract is devoted to furtherly address this topic. <h3>Methods</h3> Three hundred and three patients(164F, aged 52,4±12,8) with RA or Spondylarthritis (SA) observed from May 2002 to July 2011, were administered anti-TNFalfa treatment for 42±30,5 months. Serological screening for HBV infection with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) was performed in all patients. Moreover, Aminotransferases (ALT, AST) were evaluated at baseline and every 4 weeks. Finally, HBV-DNA evaluation was planned in HBcAb+ HBsAb+/- patients if transaminases would have increased &gt;2 upper normal value in two consecutive determinations. <h3>Results</h3> Fifty out of the 303 patients investigated, (25F, aged 58,1±11,2) (16,5%) were HBsAg-/HBcAb +. Out of them 37 were HBsAb + (74%);10 HBsAb- (20%);in 3 patients HBsAb was not available. Ten patients were treated with IFX, 19 with ETA, 17 with ADA and 4 with GOL for 44,5±28,3 months. Twelve patients were also treated with Methotrexate (MTX), 4 with Leflunomide (LFN) and 11 with Prednisone (PDN) (&lt;7.5mg/day). None of them underwent antiviral prophylaxis. Five patients developed an increase in ALTx 2 normal value in 2 consecutive determinations: 4 were HBsAb+ and 1 was HBsAb-.HBsAg positivity and HBV-DNA were not detected in any of them. ALT value reverted to normal in all patients by reducing or discontinuing MTX temporarily. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results support the safety of long term anti-TNFalpha treatment in patients with inflammatory arthritis and HBV occult infection whichever is the HBsAb status. <h3>References</h3> Charpin C. et al. Safety of TNF-blocking agents in rheumatic patients with serology suggesting past epatiti B state:results from a color of 21 patients. Arthritis Res Ther 2009,11:R179. Caporali R et al. Safety of tumor necrosis factor α blockers in hepatitis B virus occult carriers (hepatitis B surface antigen negative/anti-hepatitis B core antigen positive) with rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Care Res. 2010, 749-754. Joung-Liang Lan et al. Kinetics of viral loads and risk of Hepatitis B virus reactivation in Hepatitis B core antibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis patients undergoing anti tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy.Ann Rheu Dims 2011;70:1719-1725. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Isolation of NDM-1-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa sequence type ST235 from a stem cell transplant patient in Italy, May 2013
Authors: A Carattoli, D Fortini, R Galetti, A Garcia-Fernandez, G Nardi, D Orazi, A Capone, I Majolino, A Proia, B Mariani, G Parisi, A Morrone, N Petrosillo
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

We describe the first isolation of an NDM-1-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Italy. In May 2013, a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and history of prior hospitalisation in Belgrad, Serbia, underwent stem cell transplantation at a tertiary care hospital in Rome, Italy. After transplantion, sepsis by NDM-1-producing P. aeruginosa occurred, leading to septic shock and fatal outcome.