tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgical anaesthesia does not impair cognition in later life, study shows
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Having anaesthesia for surgery after age 40 is not associated with an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment in later life, shows a US prospective study that collected data on cognitive function and ageing.1

Older people can develop transient cognitive dysfunction after anaesthesia and surgery, but it usually resolves within a few days or weeks. Researchers wanted to know whether surgical anaesthesia could be associated with more prolonged cognitive impairment.

They analysed data from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging and the Rochester Epidemiology Project on 1731 people aged …
Do the Symptoms of Kleine-Levin Syndrome Correlate With the Hypometabolism of the Thalamus on FDG PET?
Authors: Hongjun Xie, Jia Guo, Hao Liu, Wenzhong Song
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 15-year-old adolescent boy had experienced intermittent, recurrent hypersomnia lasting for 1 week to 3 weeks for more than 3 years. He was diagnosed with Kleine-Levin Syndrome clinically. The brain MRI, video EEG, and serum and cerebrospinal fluid analysis did not show any abnormality. An FDG PET/CT scanning was acquired when the patient was symptomatic, showing marked symmetric hypometabolism in the thalamus and hypothalamus in the symptomatic phase, as well as mild homogeneous decreased glucose metabolism in the cortex. Interestingly, another FDG PET/CT scan acquired when the patient was asymptomatic found much less severe hypometabolism in the thalamus and hypothalamus.
Novel Murine Models Of Fetal and Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia Established In αIIb Deficient and Human αIIb Transgenic Mice
Authors: Brian Vadasz, Pingguo Chen, Yougbare Issaka, Guangheng Zhu, Frampton Jonathan, Mortimer Poncz, John J. Freedman, Heyu Ni
Journal: Blood (2013)
Continuing high levels of HIV diagnoses in men who have sex with men in the United Kingdom
Authors: B Rice, A Nardone, N Gill, V Delpech
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

The latest HIV data for 2007 has recently been published for the United Kingdom (UK). During the year, an estimated 6,840 (95% confidence intervals 6,600-7,050) persons (adjusted for reporting delays) were newly diagnosed with HIV in the UK. This represents a 12% decline from a peak of new HIV diagnoses reported in 2005 (7,800). Almost all this decline in new HIV diagnoses was in HIV-infected heterosexuals from sub-Saharan Africa who were probably infected in their country of origin.
Purity in the Eye of the Beholder—Home Remedies for Freckles
Authors: Eric L. Maranda, Omar Jarrett, Aleksandra Augustynowicz, Laura Cantekin, Shahjahan Shareef, Joaquin J. Jimenez
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: John Figgis Jewett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

Septic Shock Due to ChorioamnionitisA thirty-two-year-old gravida 2, para 1, was admitted at thirty weeks' gestation, the membranes having ruptured three hours earlier during intercourse.The first pregnancy and delivery ten years before had been uneventful. The patient had also had conization and radial cauterization of the cervix and three dilatations and curettages for reasons not stated.On admission the uterus was consistent with the dates. The fetal heartbeat was normal, the presenting part high, and the cervix closed but leaking clear fluid. The vital signs were normal.On sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin), barbiturates, progesterone and meprobamate (Equanil) the patient was . . .
Depressive episodes in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: R B Schiffer, E D Caine, K A Bamford, S Levy
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

Thirty multiple sclerosis patients were assessed: 15 with predominantly cerebral involvement of their demyelinating disease and 15 with predominantly spinal cord and cerebellar involvement. The groups were matched with regard to age, duration of illness, and Kurtzke disability scores. Assessment included neuropsychological testing, the Beck Depression Inventory, and a psychiatric interview patterned after the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. A group of normal volunteers served as controls for the neuropsychological testing. There were significantly more major depressive episodes in the cerebral group, as assessed by the patients' histories and by interview, and there was a trend toward more depressive symptoms in this group, as measured by the Beck inventory.
SAT0352 The Rheumatoid Arthritis Impact of Disease (RAID) Score is Associated with Disease Activity by Clinical, Laboratory and Ultrasonographic Measures: Validation in an Inception Cohort of Dmard Naïve Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis:
Authors: L.B. Nordberg, E. Lie, A.-B. Aga, M. Maehlen, I.C. Olsen, T. Uhlig, S. Lillegraven, T.K. Kvien, E.A. Haavardsholm
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> The RAID score is a relatively new patient-derived composite score assessing seven important domains of the impact of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is unknown how the RAID score correlates with various disease measures among patients with early RA. <h3>Objectives</h3> To examine associations between the RAID score and other patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) and clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic disease measures in an inception cohort of DMARD naïve patients with early RA. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients from 11 centers who fulfilled the 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for RA were included between 2010 and 2013. All patients had symptom duration (from first swollen joint) &lt;2 years and were DMARD naïve with indication for DMARD treatment. Patients were stratified according to level of RAID score at baseline, and a RAID score of ≤3 was considered low, &gt;3-6 moderate and &gt;6 high. Disease measures were compared across RAID level groups using either Kruskal-Wallis or ANOVA, and we assessed the correlation between RAID and other measures using Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients, as appropriate. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 229 patients were included, 61.1% female, 81.2% ACPA-positive and with mean (SD) age 51.0 (13.6) years. At baseline, mean (SD) RAID score was 4.5 (0.7). There were statistically significant differences in all disease measures across low, moderate and high RAID score groups, except for the power Doppler ultrasonography score (table). Correlation analyses revealed statistically significant correlations between RAID score and all other measures. Correlations between RAID and Patient global and EQ-5D, respectively, were strong (r≥0.70), whereas the correlations between RAID and Ritchie, DAS, Physician global and SF-36 Physical and Mental Components Summary measures were moderate (r ≥0.4-0.7). The remaining correlations were weak (r&lt;0.4). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The RAID score was associated with both patient-reported and objective disease measures in this inception cohort of DMARD naïve RA patients. These findings support the validity of RAID in patients with early RA. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> L. Nordberg: None declared, E. Lie: None declared, A.-B. Aga: None declared, M. Maehlen: None declared, I. Olsen: None declared, T. Uhlig: None declared, S. Lillegraven: None declared, T. Kvien: None declared, E. Haavardsholm Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Pfizer, MSD, Roche, UCB.
PTU-243 Should a macroscopically normal appendix be left<i>in situ</i>?
Authors: MJ Marshall, AM Shaw, NJ Smart, IR Daniels
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The appropriate operative management of a macroscopically normal appendix at diagnostic laparoscopy for Right Iliac Fossa (RIF) pain remains controversial. Advocates for appendicectomy state that removal of microscopic inflammation or faecoliths may resolve symptoms and prevent future episodes. Those who leave the appendix <i>in situ</i>believe microscopic inflammation is not clinically significant. We aim to establish the accuracy of intra-operative assessment of the appendix to inform this debate. <h3>Method</h3> A prospective observational study was undertaken between February 2012 and December 2013. Patients aged ≥18 years presenting with RIF pain with suspected Acute Appendicitis (AA) were recruited. Operative notes were compared with histological findings to assess the diagnostic accuracy of intra-operative assessment at appendicectomy. The histological criterion for AA was transmural inflammation. <h3>Results</h3> 74 participants were recruited (35% male), median age 33 (range 18–84). 31 patients underwent appendicectomy with a negative appendicectomy (NA) rate of 32% (10/31). 26 (83.9%) were started laparoscopically, 3 of which were converted to open (11.5%). Intra-operative assessment reported 10 normal appendices, two of which revealed AA on histological assessment. 2 out of 21 intra-operative diagnoses of AA were considered histologically normal. 4 cases were described as perforated in the operation note, however, histological assessment failed to report perforation in all cases. The sensitivity and specificity of macroscopic assessment of all forms of AA was 90.5% (19/21) and 80% (8/10), respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Even in our relatively small study 2 cases of AA would have been missed by macroscopic assessment and could have been erroneously left <i>in situ</i>. Our study supports the argument for routine excision of macroscopically normal appendices at surgery for RIF pain when no other pathology is found. Conversely, perforation was under reported on histological assessment and is therefore an important element of the operative assessment. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
PWE-384 Comparison of functional outcomes after laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy and resection rectopexy
Authors: D Twelves, M Proctor, M Collie
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy (LVMR) repairs rectal prolapse and rectocoele by an autonomic nerve-sparing rectal dissection, using mesh reinforcement. The aim of this retrospective series was to assess functional outcomes of laparoscopic VMR and compare with an historical control group having had open resection rectopexy. <h3>Method</h3> Between 2012 and 2015, 64 patients had LVMR for rectal prolapse, functional obstructed defaecation (FOD) caused by rectocoele and/or faecal incontinence (FI). 31 out of 64 patients underwent preoperative imaging by MRI defaecating proctogram. Biological mesh was used in 51 out of 64 (80%) patients. We reviewed electronic patient records for outcomes and telephoned patients for further review of symptoms after surgery. Follow-up ranged from 1–33 months, median 12 months. Outcomes were also analysed in 68 patients who had open resection rectopexy between 1999 and 2009 (range 5–14 years, median 8 years). <h3>Results</h3> The conversion rate to open VMR was 7 out of 64 (11%) patients, due to adhesions from previous surgery. In this series of laparoscopic VMR, a total of 4 out of 64 patients required re-intervention, 2 for complications and 2 for technical failure (ie. early recurrent rectal prolapse and rectocoele). At 5 months there were no infections, fistulae or pain complications. In all patients with FI (n = 32), there was improvement in symptoms at initial follow-up. FOD resolved in 43 out of 44 patients. Outcomes from open resection rectopexy include FI (11 patients), constipation (8), FOD due to rectocoele (7), adhesional small bowel obstruction (7, of which 3 required laparotomy), uterovaginal prolapse (6), recurrent rectal prolapse (4) and incisional hernia (1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Laparoscopic VMR is an effective technique for repairing rectocoele, rectal prolapse, and tricompartmental pelvic floor decent. It has a low complication rate with high resolution of symptoms at early follow-up (median 12 months). The longer term follow-up for open resection rectopexy suggested a higher level of recurrent prolapse, FI and FOD. Longer follow-up data on laparoscopic VMR patients is underway. This series of laparoscopic VMR repair for rectal prolapse and/or rectocoele has demonstrated early improvement in functional outcome overall and when compared with historical open resection rectopexy operations. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> D9Hoore A, Penninckx F. Laparoscopic ventral recto (colpo)pexy for rectal prolapse: surgical technique and outcome for 109 patients. Surg Endosc. 2006;20:1919–1923 D9Hoore A, Cadoni R, Penninckx F. Long-term outcome of laparoscopic ventral rectopexy for total rectal prolapse. Br J Surg. 2004;91:1500–1505
Anticipating the Challenges of Zika Virus and the Incidence of Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Authors: Carl A. Gold, S. Andrew Josephson
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

Anticipating the Challenges of Zika Virus and the Incidence of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) most commonly presents with acute progressive paralysis with absent deep tendon reflexes. 1Bacterial and viral infections can precede the onset of this neurological emergency.In recent years, cases of GBS have been associated with arboviral infections including dengue and chikungunya.As of February 2016, 6 countries affected by outbreaks of Zika virus infection have reported an increased incidence of GBS. 2 While some have postulated that concurrent circulation of dengue or other factors could contribute, a case-control study of patients who developed GBS during a Zika outbreak in French Polynesia provides evidence that Zika infection is the culprit. 3In response, the World Health Organization recently released a statement on GBS aimed at health care professionals and policy makers in countries affected by Zika. 2 There is concern that the Zika outbreak may soon affect the United States.Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, mosquito vectors of Zika virus, are present in much of the country during the warmer months.Neighboring nations, including Mexico, currently report transmission of Zika.One recent study estimated that 60% of Americans live in regions at risk for the spread of Zika. 4 In the French Polynesia outbreak, 66% of the population was infected with Zika and the incidence of GBS was estimated at 0.24 cases per 1000 infections. 3Numerous factors will influence the number of cases of GBS in the United States.However, if conditions were to mimic the French Polynesian outbreak, then as many as 30 000 cases of Zikaassociated GBS might be expected (population 318 million; 60% of the population at risk for infection; 66% infection rate in those at risk; 0.24 cases/1000 Zika infections), representing a roughly 10-fold increase from the baseline incidence of GBS nationally.As neurohospitalists who frequently care for patients with neuromuscular emergencies, we seek to anticipate challenges that could face our health care system if the incidence of GBS were to sharply rise with the arrival of Zika.
Yellow Professionalism
Authors: Julia M. Reade, Richard M. Ratzan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

We compared the specialty listings of physicians in the Yellow Pages of the 1983 Hartford, Connecticut, telephone book with the board certifications in specialties of the American Board of Medical Specialties as listed in the American Medical Association directory or the Marquis Directory of Medical Specialists. There were 1179 listings by 946 physicians under 61 specialty headings in the Yellow Pages. We found that a mean of 12 percent of "specialists" listed in the Yellow Pages were not board-certified in a specialty, although they had had ample opportunity to obtain board certification. We conclude that specialty advertising in the Yellow Pages is potentially misleading to consumers and that member boards of the American Board of Medical Specialties should consider ways to diminish this possible misrepresentation.
A deliberately swallowed foreign body: money package
Authors: Seval Akay, Süleyman Günay, Ömer Binicier, Zehra Paköz, Harun Akar
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Wars have always resulted in catastrophic consequences for the communities involved. Often, people are forced to leave their countries in search of a better life. Because the journey ahead is long and of unknown duration, people take small valuables with them, including jewelry and money.
Chagas disease at the crossroad of international migration and public health policies: why a national screening might not be enough
Authors: C Di Girolamo, C Bodini, B L Marta, A Ciannameo, F Cacciatore
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

Since the year 2000, Chagas disease, traditionally known as a rural Latin American affliction, has been rising in the ranking of international health priorities due to the growing migration flows from endemic areas to non-endemic ones. Using the example of Italy and reporting preliminary results of a study carried out in the district of Bologna, the paper will argue that a disease-centred public health approach might be inadequate when dealing with complex and uncertain situations, in which complete statistical data are not available or not reliable, and in which the involved actors, health professionals on the one side, migrants on the other, appear to be unaware of the issue, or might even be denying it. In such a context, an effective public health approach should be capable of crossing disciplinary boundaries and bridging the gap between health services and communities, as well as between health and social issues.
Marking 15 years of efforts towards a comprehensive European TB surveillance system: the epidemiological situation of TB in the EU/EEA in 2009
Authors: V Hollo, P Zucs, C Ködmön, A Sandgren, D Manissero
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

Efforts have been ongoing since 1996 to strengthen tuberculosis (TB) surveillance in Europe, starting with the launch of the EuroTB initiative. We present TB surveillance data for the Member States of the European Union (EU) and of the European Economic Area (EEA) for the latest reporting year (2009), highlighting key areas of epidemiological and programmatic focus. Despite a sustained decline of TB notifications at EU/EEA level, several aspects of TB control can still be improved.
Underreporting of communicable diseases in the prefecture of Achaia, western Greece, 1999-2004 – missed opportunities for early intervention
Authors: E Jelastopulu, G Merekoulias, E C Alexopoulos
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

This study investigates the completeness of the reporting of infectious diseases in the prefecture of Achaia, western Greece in the period of 1999-2004. We collected hospital records relating to infectious diseases retrospectively from three major hospitals in the region and compared the records to corresponding records at the prefectural public health department (PHD). After record-linkage and cross-validation a total of 1,143 notifiable cases were identified in the three hospitals, of which 707 were reported to the PHD of Achaia, resulting in an observed underreporting of infectious diseases of 38% during the study period. At prefecture level, a further 259 cases were notified by other sources, mainly by the fourth hospital of the region not included in our study, resulting in a total of 966 cases reported to the PHD; 73% of these were reported from the three hospitals included in our study, 27% were notified by the fourth hospital not included in our study and less then 0,3% by physicians working in a private practice or health centre. Meningitis (51%), tuberculosis (12%) and salmonellosis (8%) were the most frequently reported diseases followed by hospitalised cases of varicella (7%), brucellosis (6%) and hepatitis (6%). During the study period, clustering of specific diseases like brucellosis, meningitis, mumps, and salmonellosis was observed, indicating possible outbreaks. Our results show that notification system needs to be improved, in order to ensure proper health resources allocation and implementation of focused prevention and control strategies.
PWE-171 Mobile element insertions are frequent and potentially mutagenic events in oesophageal carcinogenesis
Authors: AL Paterson, JMJ Weaver, M Eldridge, S Tavare, RC Fitzgerald, PAW Edwards
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Mobile elements (ME) are repeat sequences found throughout the genome that can move to, or insert copies of themselves at, other genomic loci. The most active generate new copies by retrotransposition: mRNA is transcribed then cDNA is synthesised by reverse transcription and inserted. Such events may also transduce small fragments of unique DNA sequence found adjacent to the ME, thus making them identifiable in sequencing data. ME retrotransposition has recently been described in several tumour types, but how frequent and widespread this is, and whether it contributes significantly to gene mutation, is not yet clear. This project aimed to explore whether ME retrotransposition was identifiable in oesophageal adenocarcinomas (OACs) and its mutagenic potential. <h3>Method</h3> Possible ME insertions were identified from whole genome sequencing data for 43 OACs by three methods. The first identified cases where the same short unique sequence from one chromosome, which would be a sequence transduced by a mobile element, was joined to multiple different loci within the same tumour. The second method isolated rearrangements adjacent to 90 retrotransposition-capable MEs. The third identified all poly (A) sequences &gt;20 nucleotides long that appeared to be unique to the tumour. A subset of 71 potential insertions was tested by PCR using patient-matched normal DNA as a control. <h3>Results</h3> The first two approaches combined identified 649 candidate ME retrotransposition events. 42/45 (93%) inserts selected for PCR verification had tumour-unique products, with sequencing demonstrating target site duplication, a poly (A) tract and ME repeat sequence and/or unique transduced sequence, confirming these to be retrotransposition events. 40/43 (93%) tumours had at least one probable ME insertion with a mean of 15 per tumour (range 0–153). 193/649 (30%) inserts fell within genes, mainly intronic, however five were within exons. These two approaches identified retrotransposition events that transduced unique sequence downstream of MEs; however this is only a subset of ME insertions. A search for poly (A) tracts, a marker of all ME insertions, in tumour-unique loci was undertaken to estimate their overall frequency. In total, 5422 tumour-unique poly (A) tracts were identified in the 43 OACs, mean 126 (range 6–858) per tumour. 24/26 (92%) randomly selected inserts had a tumour-specific product on PCR validation. <h3>Conclusion</h3> ME retrotransposition is highly prevalent in OACs, and occurs frequently in each tumour. Since almost all ME insertions are capable of interrupting mRNA transcription, they could contribute substantially to gene mutation. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.