tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Authors: R. Will, M. Zeidler
Journal: BMJ (1996)

that impotence may ensue.The first man encounters no prob- lems; the second develops impotence soon after.A patient sat- isfaction survey a week later asks both to evaluate my care.The first, free of adverse consequences, praises my approach.The second vilifies me, convinced (possibly correctly) that I
Abstract 647: Xenograft Models of Breast Cancer: the Link between Characteristics of Biomarker Expression and the Anti-tumor Effect of the Representative Therapies
Authors: Juan Zhang, Ziqiu Guan, Xiaoming Song, Taiping Chen, Jean-Pierre Wery, Yiyou Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Gene expression analysis has led to the identification of 5 subtypes of breast cancer (basal-like, HER2-like, luminal A and B, and normal-like) that have distinct biological features, clinical outcomes, and responses to conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Animal models possessing genetic and other biomarker abnormalities similar to each subtype of the human counterpart are thus of crucial importance in the development of new therapeutic strategies. Human breast cancer xenograft model is one of the more difficult models with transplantation of either established cell lines or primary tumors. We have successfully established 6 xenograft models derived from established cell lines and 2 xenograft models by transplanting primary human tumor fragments. The immunohistochemical results classified the 9 models into 4 major groups: ER negative and HER2 negative (MX-1, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7-CB1, and SKBR3-CB1), ER negative and HER2 positive (BT-474-CB1), ER positive and HER2 negative (MCF-7), and ER positive and HER2 positive (BT-474), which well resembled basal-like/normal-like, HER2-like, luminal A, and luminal B breast cancer types in human. The mutation status of TP53, BRCA1, BRCA2 and EGFR was investigated, and compared with the in vivo efficacy results by using various test drugs including cytotoxic agents, paclitaxel and doxorubicin; ER antagonist, tamoxifen; anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab; HER2 inhibitor, HKI-272 and EGFR inhibitor, erlotinib. These data closely mimicked the heterogeneity in clinical outcomes of the human disease. Therefore, these models provide valuable platform for the development of personalized therapy for breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 647.
Metabolic Imaging of Deep Brain Stimulation in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Hui-Wei Zhang, Dian-You Li, Jun Zhao, Yi-Hui Guan, Bo-Min Sun, Chuan-Tao Zuo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Anorexia nervosa (AN), a disorder of unknown etiology, has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder. Drawing the brain metabolic pattern of AN may help to target the core biological and psychological features of the disorder and to perfect the diagnosis and recovery criteria. In this study, we used 18F-FDG PET to show brain metabolic network for AN.Glucose metabolism in 6 AN patients and 12 age-matched healthy controls was studied using 18F-FDG PET. SPM2 was used to compare brain metabolism in AN patients with that in healthy controls. Four of 6 AN patients took deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeted in nucleus accumbens (NAcc). About 3 to 6 months after the surgery, the 4 AN patients took another 18F-FDG PET scan to assess the change in brain glucose metabolism.The SPM (statistical parametric mapping ) analysis showed hypermetabolism in the frontal lobe (bilateral, BA10, BA11, BA47), the limbic lobe (bilateral, hippocampus, and amygdala), lentiform nucleus (bilateral), left insula (BA13), and left subcallosal gyrus (BA25). It also showed hypometabolism in the parietal lobe (bilateral, BA7, BA40). The hypermetabolism in frontal lobe, hippocampus, and lentiform nucleus decreased after NAcc-DBS.The changes in brain glucose metabolism illustrated the brain metabolic pattern in AN patients. Furthermore, the pattern can be modulated by NAcc-DBS, which confirmed specificity of the pattern. The regions with altered metabolism could interconnect to form a network and integrate information related to appetite. Our study may provide information for targeting the potential candidate brain regions for understanding the pathophysiology of AN and assessing the effects of existing and future treatment approaches.
SP0200 Update on MRI in Axial SpA, INCL. Differential Diagnoses and Follow-Up
Authors: R. G. W. Lambert
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3></h3> MRI is now an established imaging modality in the diagnosis and management of spondyloarthritis (SpA). It offers a number of benefits including the ability to detect pre-radiographic disease which in turn provides an opportunity for earlier diagnosis and confirmation of disease in clinically challenging cases. This opens a window for the application of potentially disease-modifying therapy at a time that may have a better impact than later treatment. MRI also allows imaging monitoring of disease and can provide crucial information about changes in active inflammation of the axial skeleton in response to treatment. On MRI, change can be seen within a few months, allowing the clinician to modify therapy as needed. When response to treatment has been poor, MRI may help to distinguish between persistent inflammation, chronic mechanical sources of pain, and complications of disease or therapy. Newer MRI sequences and techniques in development may offer further enhancements in earlier and more accurate disease detection and monitoring. This lecture will briefly discuss the range of imaging findings that can be seen in the axial skeleton in spondyloarthritis and which features of active inflammation and structural damage are more reliably recognized and whether they are sensitive or specific for SpA. Discussion will include illustration of pit falls in interpretation and the more likely differential diagnoses for each of the MRI findings. Advanced MRI techniques that are being used in imaging the axial skeleton will be briefly reviewed. These generally fall into 2 main categories: a) attempts to improve assessment of active inflammation, and b) better detection of structural damage, in the sacroiliac joint for diagnosis, and in the spine for progression of disease. Lambert RG, Dhillon SS, Jaremko JL. Advanced imaging of the axial skeleton in spondyloarthropathy: techniques, interpretation, and utility. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2012 Nov;16(5):389-400. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> R. Lambert Consultant for: AbbVie and Synarc
Abstract 2483: Inhibition of the polycomb group gene EZH2 suppresses growth and radiosensitizes ATRT cells by promoting senescence and inhibiting the CycinD-E2F1 axis
Authors: Irina N. Alimova, Sujatha Venkataraman, Peter Harris, Victor E. Marquez, Diane Birks, Nicholas K. Foreman, Rajeev Vibhakar
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Overexpression of the polycomb group gene Enhancer of Zeste 2 (EZH2) occurs in many tumors including prostate cancer, breast cancer and brain tumors such as Glioblastoma multiform and Medulloblastoma. Recent evidence suggests it may also have a role in rhabdoid tumors. Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a rare high-grade brain tumor with very poor survival that occurs most commonly in children. AT/RT tumors are characterized by deletion of the chromatin associated protein SMARCB1. Given the role of EZH2 in regulating epigenetic changes we chose to investigate the role of EZH2 in AT/RT. Here we show that targeted disruption of EZH2 by RNAi or pharmacologic means strongly impairs ATRT cell growth, induces apoptosis and potently sensitizes these cells to radiation. Using functional analysis of transcription factor activity we found the Cyclin D-E2F1 axis to be repressed upon EZH2 depletion in ATRT cells. Taken together our observations provide evidence that EZH2 regulates cell cycle progression by targeting the G1-S transition machinery and may be an important new therapeutic target particularly in combination with radiation in ATRT. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2483. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2483
Abstract 2172: Effects of RAD001 on the protein expression pattern and function of tumor and immune cells.
Authors: Franziska Stehle, Kristin Schulz, Jana Kalich, Corinna Fahldieck, Barbara Seliger
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The crucial role of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in the pathogenesis of cancer has led to the development of various therapeutics targeting this signaling cascade. The serine/threonine kinase mTOR is involved in the regulation of the different growth properties of both tumor and immune cells. Furthermore, mTOR forms two macromolecular complexes: (i) the rapamycin-sensitive mTORC1, which contains RAPTOR and (ii) mTORC2, which is rapamycin-insensitive and contains RICTOR. Downstream targets of these complexes like HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha or cyclin D1 are responsible for the activation of various intracellular processes leading to the activation of cell proliferation, induction of angiogenesis, and metastasis. The effects of mTOR inhibitors have been most studied in T cells, although recently it has been shown that renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is tightly controlled by mTOR and that mTOR pathway activation represents an adverse prognostic factor. Thus targeted inhibition of mTOR represents a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of RCC patients. Since it is currently discussed whether the RAD001-mediated effect on T cells might negatively interfere with its anti-tumoral activity in RCC we here analyzed the effects of RAD001 on the immune cell repertoire as well as the growth properties and protein expression pattern of RCC cells. We could show a decrease in the frequency of T cells which was associated with an altered expression of chemokines/ chemokine receptors suggesting an altered T cell homing. Furthermore, RAD001 exerts a dose-dependent growth inhibitory effect in RCC cells. This was accompanied by distinct expression levels of various proteins in RCC cells. So far, 11 differentially expressed proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF analysis, which are involved in cell proliferation and gene regulation. Currently functional analysis of RAD001-regulated proteins in T lymphocytes and RCC cells are performed providing better insights into the consequences of the mTOR inhibition. Citation Format: Franziska Stehle, Kristin Schulz, Jana Kalich, Corinna Fahldieck, Barbara Seliger. Effects of RAD001 on the protein expression pattern and function of tumor and immune cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2172. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2172 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Withdrawal time as a quality indicator for colonoscopy - a nationwide analysis
Authors: V. Moritz, M. Bretthauer, H. Ruud, T. Glomsaker, T. de Lange, P. Sandvei, G. Huppertz-Hauss, Ø. Kjellevold, G. Hoff
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> A withdrawal time of at least 6 min has been recommended as a quality indicator for colonoscopy. One drawback of many of the studies that have investigated withdrawal time and produced conflicting results has been their single-center design involving few endoscopists. Therefore, the validity of withdrawal time as a quality measure remains unclear. This study explores the value of individual withdrawal time in a nationwide analysis. <b>Patients and methods:</b> This prospective cohort study comprised data from outpatient colonoscopies performed at 19 Norwegian centers from January to September 2009 and registered in the Norwegian Gastronet Quality Assurance (QA) program. The participating endoscopists were characterized by their median withdrawal time for visual colonoscopies (diagnostic colonoscopies without biopsy or therapy) and categorized into two visual withdrawal time (VWT) groups (< 6 min or ≥ 6 min) to analyze the predictive value of VWT for detection of one or more polyps ≥ 5 mm in diameter using multiple logistic regression models. <b>Results:</b> The study included 4429 consecutive colonoscopies performed by 67 endoscopists. The adjusted odds ratio for the detection of polyps ≥ 5 mm was 1.21 (95 %CI 0.94 – 1.56, <i>P</i> = 0.14) for endoscopists with a median VWT ≥ 6 min compared with endoscopists with a median VWT < 6 min. <b>Conclusion:</b> Withdrawal time using 6 min as the threshold is not a strong predictor of the likelihood of finding a polyp during colonoscopy and should not be used as a quality indicator.
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy-assisted repositioning of misplaced endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic duct stent
Authors: Yousuke Nakai, Hiroyuki Isayama, Gyotane Umefune, Suguru Mizuno, Hirofumi Kogure, Natsuyo Yamamoto, Kazuhiko Koike
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

An 80-year-old man with a history of pancreaticoduodenectomy for intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma 10 years earlier presented with recurrent pancreatitis caused by stricture at the pancreaticojejunostomy. Magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) revealed a dilated main pancreatic duct (MPD) with pancreatolithiasis ([Fig. 1], [Fig. 2]). EUS-guided pancreatic duct drainage [1] was attempted.
EFFECTS OF REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN ASIA ON EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF EDOXABAN COMPARED TO WARFARIN: INSIGHTS FROM THE ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 TRIAL
Authors: Yuichi J. Shimada, Takeshi Yamashita, Yukihiro Koretsune, Tetsuya Kimura, Kenji Abe, Shunichi Sasaki, Michele Mercuri, Christian T. Ruff, Robert P. Giugliano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
TCT-296 Routine Screening Of Coronary Artery Disease With Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography In Place Of Invasive Coronary Angiography In Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Gennaro Giustino, Alaide Chieffo, Pietro Spagnolo, Vasileios F. Panoulas, Matteo Montorfano, Azeem Latib, Filippo Figini, Eustachio Agricola, Annalisa Franco, Ottavio Alfieri, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Vertebral-Body Erosion in Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Joris Wansink, Frank G H van der Kleij
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

A 74-year-old man presented with acute back pain but no neurologic symptoms. He had a history of hypertension, open repair of an aortic infrarenal aneurysm, and end-stage renal failure. CT revealed a thoracic aneurysm and well-corticated erosions of thoracic vertebrae.
Abstract P2-10-21: Prognostic value of estrogen receptor status in women with synchronous or metachronous breast cancers
Authors: D Huo
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Estrogen receptor (ER) is an important prognostic and predictive factor for breast cancer (BC) patients. For women with two primary breast cancers, however, estrogen receptor status measured at the two tumors is not always the same, either due to tumor heterogeneity, or because of limited reproducibility of receptor assays. For women with metachronous breast cancers, it is unclear if estrogen receptor status of previous cancer has prognostic value. For women with synchronous breast cancers, it is important to know if inconsistent receptor status predicts worse clinical outcome. Methods: Data on ER status of two primary breast cancers were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program 1990–2009. We used piecewise proportional hazard Cox models to examine the joint effect of ER statuses of two tumors on overall survival or disease-free survival. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated, after adjusting for age, stage, race/ethnicity, histology, grade, and treatments in Cox models. Synchronous and metachronous cases were analyzed separately. Results: There are 12,285 patients with synchronous breast cancers; 81.2% had both tumors being ER positive, 10.2% had one tumor being ER positive but the other being ER negative, and 5.6% had both tumors being ER negative. As shown in the Table, patients with inconsistent ER status (heterogeneity) had worse short-term survival rate than patients with double ER positive tumors. Among the 14,470 patients with metachronous breast cancers, 60.2% had two ER+ tumors, 13.8% had two ER− tumors, 11.8% had ER status changing from negative to positive, and 14.1% had ER status changing from positive to negative. In addition to ER status of the index cancer, ER status of the first cancer has independent prognostic value in predicting both short-term and long-term outcome (p = 0.0002). Conclusions: Our study found that estrogen status of previous cancer has independent prognostic value for women with metachronous breast cancers. We also found that inconsistency in ER status between two tumors predicts worse survival for women with synchronous breast cancer. These findings suggest that heterogeneity or change in estrogen receptor expression in patients with two breast cancers should be considered during decision making on treatment or counseling on prognosis. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-10-21.
Abstract 1869: DCA and metformin synergistically induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
Authors: Allison B. Haugrud, Yongxian Zhuang, Wilson K. Miskimins
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The unusual metabolism of aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells suggests that this phenomenon can be exploited for improved therapies. Metformin, a drug used to treat type 2 diabetics, has clinical evidence of cancer prevention, and some studies show that cancer patients have a better response when it is used with neoadjuvant therapy. One of the cellular targets of metformin is the inhibition of Complex I in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. This leads to an accumulation superoxide species that can cause oxidative damage to cells and eventually lead to cell death. Based on this, we hypothesized that drugs which promote mitochondrial metabolism will synergize with metformin to increase superoxide production and promote cell death of cancer cells. Cancer cells using aerobic glycolysis display a high level of glucose uptake that is processed through glycolysis to pyruvate, which is then converted to lactate and secreted from the cells. Diverting pyruvate to mitochondrial metabolism rather than its conversion to lactate was expected to enhance metformin cytotoxicity. Dichloroacetate (DCA) is well established drug that has been tested in humans for the treatment of certain metabolic diseases. DCA works through inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), thus reducing entry of pyruvate into mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathways. Consequently DCA is expected to promote mitochondrial metabolism and reduce lactate secretion by cancer cells. We demonstrate that DCA and metformin synergistically kill cultured breast cancer cells although the drug combination has no effect on non-transformed MCF10A breast epithelial cells. The enhanced cell death of the breast cancer cells displayed is through apoptosis, as shown by caspase-dependent increases in cleaved PARP. DCA treatment was associated with reduced lactate secretion by the cells and increased pH of the growth medium which suggested it promoted oxidative phosphorylation. The combination of two drugs also promoted increased mitochondrial superoxide production compared to metformin alone which was associated with increased oxidative damage. These findings indicate that, as expected, DCA promotes metformin-mediated cell death by enhancing mitochondrial metabolism of pyruvate. Therefore, it is possible that the combination of metformin with DCA, or similar compounds, could enhance cancer therapy. Citation Format: Allison B. Haugrud, Yongxian Zhuang, Wilson K. Miskimins. DCA and metformin synergistically induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1869. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1869
The 18-Trisomy Syndrome
Authors: Irene A. Uchida, J. M. Bowman, H. C. Wang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THREE different syndromes are reported to be caused by trisomy of the smaller autosomal chromosomes — mongolism, 18-trisomy syndrome and D1-trisomy syndrome. Everyone agrees that mongolism is caused by trisomy, whether full or partial, but it is not yet known which of the two smallest pairs of acrocentric chromosomes is involved. Four cases of D1-trisomy syndrome have been described by the Wisconsin group,1 2 3 as have 6 cases of 18-trisomy syndrome.4 , 5 One case reported by Edwards et al.6 resembles the latter syndrome, but the authors considered it to be caused by trisomy of chromosome 17. Crawfurd7 also presented a . . .
ANNULAR DIMENSION RATHER THAN MITRAL REGURGITATION GRADE PREDICTS WORSENING OF UNREPAIRED MODERATE MITRAL REGURGITATION IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY SUBMITTED TO SURGICAL VENTRICULAR RESTORATION
Authors: Andrea Garatti, Serenella Castelvecchio, Francesco Bandera, Alberto Canziani, Eugenio Mossuto, Piervincenzo Gagliardotto, Lorenzo Menicanti
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
PREDICTORS OF NEWLY IMPLANTED STENT EXPANSION IN IN-STENT RESTENOTIC LESIONS: AN ADAPT-DES IVUS SUBSTUDY
Authors: Kosaku Goto, Gary Mintz, Takehisa Shimizu, Mitsuaki Matsumura, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Christopher Metzger, Peter Duffy, Ke Xu, Ajay Kirtane, Gregg Stone, Akiko Maehara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)