tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Investigation and analysis of asbestos fibers and accompanying minerals in biological materials
Authors: L. Le Bouffant
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

A method is described for isolating asbestos fibers contained in biological tissues. It consists in incinerating the biological material in activated oxygen at 150 degrees C, and attacking the ash by 1N HC1 for 18 hr. The residue is then filtered on a membrane covered with a carbon film. Electron microscope examination of the deposit makes it possible to determine fiber concentrations when the weight or volume of primary material is known, and to make size analyses. By x-ray diffraction, the mineralogical nature of the asbestos is determined by comparison with an aluminum reference diagram. For x-ray diffraction, a micromethod is used, with an ash sample of about 10 mug. These techniques are used for identifying and counting asbestos fibers in small fragments of lungs or other organs. It was found that asbestos fibers generally go along with other minerals which may be abundant. Most fibers found in lung are less than 5 mum long. Counts on lungs of asbestos workers give concentrations often greater than 10(7) particles per gram of dry tissue. The evolution of inhaled chrysotile seems to be different from that of amphiboles. In the case of pleural mesothelioma, a comparison of fibers within the tumor with fibers in the adjacent parenchyma shows only slight differences in the particle sizes, but marked differences in their nature, with a chrysotile enrichment in the pleural zone. Pleural plaques were analyzed in the same way. After decalcification, many small sized asbestos fibers were found. The same technique is now being used for determining ingested particles. A great number of observations concerning fiber counts, their nature and sizes, and the presence of various clays minerals will be necessary to establish the role of the different factors in the formation of lesions caused by the inhalation or the ingestion of asbestos fibers.
Abstract 3006: A novel method for locus specific detection of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
Authors: James L. Yen, Stella Choi, Marc E. Van Eden, Xi Yu Jia
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Epigenetic mis-regulation leading to diseases such as cancer is classically understood in terms of aberrant DNA methylation patterns. For decades, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) has been the focus of epigenetic DNA modification studies. But recently, a novel epigenetic DNA modification, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), has been shown to be present in mammalian brain and ES cells. Current tools available to map DNA methylation (e.g. bisulfite conversion) cannot distinguish between 5-mC and 5-hmC. Here we describe a new method for locus specific interrogation of 5-hmC within DNA. Treatment of DNA with a 5-hmC glucosyltransferase enzyme specifically adds a glucose moiety onto preexisting 5-hmC residues, yielding glucosyl-5-hydroxymethylcytosine (glu-5-hmC). Subsequent digestion of DNA with glu-5-hmC sensitive restriction endonucleases effectively cleaves DNA with cytosine, 5-mC, or 5-hmC within their recognition site. But when glu-5-hmC is present, DNA is not able to be cleaved. Exploiting this difference in “cleavability”, 5-hmC can be detected at loci of interest using qPCR. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3006. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3006
European complementary medicine proposals watered down
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Plans to use European Union legislation to determine the status of non-conventional medicine and to allow practitioners to offer their services on equal terms throughout all 15 member states have been greatly watered down by the European parliament.



The use of acupuncture varies throughout the European Union SALLY AND RICHARD GREENHILL



Belgian Green MEP Paul Lannoye had been pressing for wide ranging action to end the various anomalies such practitioners face in the …
Quality and Safety in Health Care, Part XI
Authors: Jay A. Harolds
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

The process of reaching a diagnosis in health care has not been emphasized in safety programs carried out by health care organizations as much as many other aspects of care such as handoffs, medication errors, patient falls, wrong-side surgery, and decreasing hospital-acquired infections. However, diagnostic errors are a fairly frequent cause of harm that can contribute to serious injury or death. This article is the first in a series discussing the diagnostic process and how to define, measure, and prevent errors in diagnosis.
Abstract 1997: Changes in growth pattern and expression of epigenetic regulatory genes in human prostate epithelial cells exposed to arsenic and estrogen
Authors: Justin Treas, Kamaleshwar P. Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Chronic exposure to either arsenic or estrogen causes prostate cancer in animal model. However, the effects of co-exposure to estrogen and sodium arsenite on prostate epithelial cells are not known. Chromatin remodeling by epigenetic changes play important role in gene expression and carcinogenesis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of chronic exposure to 17-βestradiol and sodium arsenite on cell growth and the expression epigenetic regulatory genes in RWPE-1, a human prostate epithelial cell line. RWPE-1 cells were treated with estrogen and arsenic alone as well as in combination of these two chemicals for 4 months. The cell count and soft agar assay was performed to determine the growth and malignant transformation potential of arsenic and estrogen. The expression of genes that regulate DNA methylation and histone modifications was measured by quantitative real time PCR and was further confirmed at protein level by Western blot analysis. The result of this study revealed that exposure to arsenic causes increased growth and malignant transformation of RWPE-1 cells. Interestingly, co-exposure to arsenic and estrogen lead to a more dramatic and synergistic effects on alteration of gene expression than either of these two chemicals alone. The qRT-PCR data revealed that co-exposure causes a moderate to high decrease in expression of histone modifying genes HDAC1, 2, 3, and 7 as well as HAT1 and HMT1. The genes DNMT1, MBD1, and MeCP2 all showed slight downregulation, but MBD4 showed a dramatic downregulation. Western blot analysis further confirmed the arsenic and estrogen-induced changes in some of these genes as well as the changes in the level of acetylated and methylated histones. The findings of this study suggest that chronic co-exposure to arsenic and estrogen may cause synergistic effects on epigenetic reprogramming and consequently on carcinogenesis in human prostate epithelial cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1997. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1997
Abstract LB-42: Susan G. Komen for the Cure- Puerto Rico- fighting breast cAncer through awareness, alliances and community grants
Authors: Barbara Segarra-Vasquez
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Puerto Rico (PR) is a Caribbean island with a population of 3.7 million. Currently, PR has 16% unemployment rate, which affects the health care of approximately 42% of the population and their access to quality health services. Cancer represents the second cause of death among Puerto Ricans. Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer among women representing 33% of the yearly cancer cases. Susan G. Komen for the Cure (SGK) is the global leader of breast cancer awareness. The SGK Puerto Rico affiliate was established in 2003 and currently has a Board of Directors of 11 members, three full-time employees and a group of passionate volunteers. With awareness ans service initiatives, SKG Puerto Rico has positively impacted 1.8 million people 15 years and older during 2011. The affiliate's 2011 community profile defined three major objectives: continue educational efforts for breast cancer awareness provide access to early detection programs and create a breast cancer patient profile. Grants are giver to community outreach organizations through a structured process. The affiliate's signature program is Banders through which alliances with companies, organizations, hospitals, schools and other entities are formed. With Banderas, large amount of individuals are educated, volunteers are recruits, sponsors are engaged and the network of breast cancer advocates increases. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-42. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-42
SAT0413 A Case-Control Study of Density and Microstructure at the Distal Radius in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Y. Zhu, J.F. Griffith, L. Qin, V.W. Hung, T.-N. Fong, S.-K. Au, X.-L. Tang, A.W. Kwok, P.-C. Leung, E.K. Li, L.-S. Tam
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic progressive destructive arthritis characterized by joint inflammation affecting both cartilage and bone. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) is a noninvasive imaging technique capable of quantitative assessment of volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and bone microstructure independently for both cortical and trabecular compartments. <h3>Objectives</h3> The objective of the study was to investigate vBMD and bone microstructure at the distal radius in PsA patients. <h3>Methods</h3> This cross-sectional study involved 65 PsA patients (30 males and 35 females, age: 54.7±10.4 years; disease duration: 13.8±7.1 years), and 65 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (30 males and 35 females, age: 54.4±10.8). Areal BMD (aBMD) of hip, lumbar spine and ultradistal radius was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). HR-pQCT was performed at the distal radius. Comparisons of density and microstructure indices were performed by analyses of variances with Bonferroni adjustment in post-hoc analyses. <h3>Results</h3> PsA patients did not differ significantly from controls in age, body weight and body height. Areal BMD at all measurement sites were similar in PsA patients and controls. Compared to controls, PsA patients had significantly lower cortical volumetric BMD (% between-group difference: -3.93%, p=0.001). Trabecular volumetricBMD and microstructure, including trabecular bone volume fraction, number, thickness and separation, were similar in PsA patients to controls. The only measures indicating compromised bone quality in PsA patients were related to cortical porosity with cortical pore volume (94.9%, p=0.028), porosity index (67.4%, p=0.002) and pore diameter (8.9%, p&lt;0.0001) all significantly higher in PsA patients than in controls. Male and female patients were equally affected although the increase in cortical pore volume (113.4% vs. 84.6%) and cortical porosity index (94.5% vs. 48.8%) was greater in female than male patients. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Compromised bone quality in PsA patients is primarily related to increased cortical porosity. This emphasizes the inability of standard areal BMD to explain bone fragility in PsA. <h3>References</h3> Zhu TY, Griffith JF, Qin L, Hung VWY Fong TN, Au SK, Tang XL, Kwok AW, Leung PC, Li EK, Tam LS. Structure and strength of the distal radius in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A case-control study. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28(4):794-806. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1843
Abdominal Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Gabriela Gayer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

A 30-year-old woman presented with an uncomplicated pregnancy until ultrasonography at 19 weeks revealed severe oligohydramnios and a fetus that appeared to be extrauterine. Imaging confirmed an abdominal ectopic pregnancy, with no uterine wall visible surrounding the fetus.
1058 THE KRAS MUTATION REFLECTS THE DIFFERENT CHOLANGIOCYTES PHENO- AND GENOTYPE IN INTRAHEPATIC CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA
Authors: M. Komuta, J. Akiba, S. Vander Borght, W. Lalemen, C. Verslype, V. Vandecaveye, O. Govaere, W. Van Steenbergen, J. Pirenne, R. Aerts, B. Topal, F. Nevens, H. Yano, T. Roskams
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Abstract 5539: Snail expression is associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition and a poor prognosis in malignant pleural mesotheliomas
Authors: Masashi Kobayashi, Cheng-long Huang, Makoto Sonobe, Ryutaro Kikuchi, Masashi Ishikawa, Naoto Imamura, Jiro Kitamura, Shotaro Iwakiri, Kazumi Itoi, Ryoji Yasumizu, Hiroshi Date
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Malignant pleural mesotheliomas (MPMs) are aggressive tumors with a poor prognosis. Regarding tumor histology, however, the survival has been reported to be lower in patients with non-epitheloid tumors than in those with epitheloid tumors. Therefore, in order to identify molecular targets for the treatment against MPM patients, we investigated several molecules associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition, such as Snail, Twist, E-cadherin and N-cadherin. Methods: We studied one hundred and nine patients with MPMs, including 61 epitheloid tumors (55.9%), 21 sarcomatoid tumors (19.2%), 20 biphasic tumors (18.3%) and 7 desmoplastic tumors (6.4%). Immunohistochemical assays were performed to evaluate the intratumoral expressions of Snail, Twist, E-cadherin and N-cadherin. Results: Among 109 MPMs, 41 tumors (37.6%) were Snail-high tumors, 30 tumors (27.5%) were Twist-high tumors, 18 tumors (16.5%) were E-cadherin-positive tumors, and 35 tumors (32.1%) were N-cadherin-positive tumors. Regarding tumor histology, the nuclear expression of Snail expression was significantly higher in non-epithelioid tumors than in epitheloid tumors (P&amp;lt;0.001). Furthermore, the E-cadherin expression was significantly lower in Snail-high tumors than in Snail-low tumors (P=0.046). As a result, the E-cadherin expression was significantly lower in non-epithelioid tumors than in epitheloid tumors (P=0.013). In addition, the Snail expression was significantly higher in Twist-high tumors than in Twist-low tumors (P=0.007). The frequency of N-cadherin-positive tumors was also significantly higher in Twist-high tumors than in Twist-low tumors (P=0.005). Regarding patient survival, the overall survival was significantly lower in patients with Snail-high MPMs than in those with Snail-low MPMs (P=0.002), especially among patients with non-epitheloid tumors (P=0.009). A multivariated analysis also demonstrated that the nuclear expression of Snail was a significantly factor of a poor prognosis in MPM patients (P=0.014). Conclusions: Snail expression is associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition and a poor prognosis in MPMs. The Snail could be a potential molecular target for the treatment of MPM patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5539. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5539
A Comparison of Active Compression-Decompression Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation with Standard Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Cardiac Arrests Occurring in the Hospital
Authors: Todd J. Cohen, Bruce G. Goldner, Paul C. Maccaro, Anthony P. Ardito, Salvatore Trazzera, Mitchell B. Cohen, Samer R. Dibs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Recent studies have demonstrated improved cardiopulmonary circulation during cardiac arrest with the use of a hand-held suction device (Ambu CardioPump) to perform active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The purpose of this study was to compare active compression-decompression with standard CPR during cardiac arrests in hospitalized patients.
Abstract A24: Germline deletion at 3p12.3 in patients with hereditary breast and colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Francine B. Abreu, Erika MM Santos, Benedito M. Rossi, Ana C. Krepischi, Maria I. Achatz, Dirce M. Carraro, Ricardo R. Brentani, Luiz P. Kowalski, Silvia R. Rogatto
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Lynch syndrome (LS) is a common hereditary syndrome that predisposes to colorectal cancer (CRC). Breast carcinoma has been described as the most common extracolonic tumors among Brazilian patients with LS. In this study, it was investigated members of two families with breast and colorectal carcinomas. The patient 1 (SM56) had breast carcinoma at age of 50. The patient 2 (SM37) had CRC at 52 years old, presented bilateral breast carcinoma (73 and 76 years old) and reported a reproductive history of four abortions. The daughter of patient 2 (SM37-2) had breast cancer at 55 years old. In both families, their relatives had history of CCR, breast cancer, endometrium carcinoma and prostate cancer. The patients were screened for BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, TP53, MLH1 and MSH2 mutations by Sanger's sequencing method. All of them were negative for pathogenic mutations. Copy number alterations (CNAs) were investigated by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) using a platform of 4×180K (Agilent). Genomic data were extracted with Feature Extraction software and analyzed using Genomic Workbench Standard 5.0.14, statistical algorithm ADM2 and sensitivity threshold of 6.7. The data were compared with the Database of Genomic Variations (DGV) and with a reference dataset obtained from 82 healthy Brazilian individuals. Alterations identified in more than 5% of the reference dataset were excluded from both patients. All three cases presented the same microdeletion on 3p12.3 (79.951 pb) where is mapped the ROBO1 gene. Quantitative Real Time PCR (qPCR) using primers flanking the region confirmed the ROBO1 microdeletion. CNAs mapped on ROBO1 or involving the same region microdeleted are not previously described in DGV or in our dataset from Brazilian health individuals. ROBO1 is involved in the regulation of cell migration, cell death and angiogenesis. The 5′ region contains a CpG island and was found to be hypermethylated and showing allelic losses in 3p12 in sporadic primary invasive breast carcinomas (Dallol et al, Oncogene 21:3020, 2002). At first time, ROBO1 was associated with Hereditary Breast and Colorectal Carcinomas in two different families suggesting to be a highly penetrant mutation associated with elevated risk to develop cancer among the relatives. Further studies in tumor samples from these patients could demonstrate the Knudson's two hit hypothesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2011 Sep 14-18; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(18 Suppl):Abstract nr A24.
Cancer Risk and Life Expectancy of Children with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Ghislain J. Devroede, William F. Taylor, William G. Sauer, Raymond J. Jackman, Gunnar B. Stickler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

An actuarial analysis of the long-term survival of 396 children suffering from ulcerative colitis showed that survival rates were 78, 58, 39 and 27 per cent at 10, 20, 30 and 43 years, respectively. The death rate was 20 per cent per decade. The risk of the development of cancer was also 20 per cent per decade for those at risk, but this began after the first 10 years of ulcerative colitis. Among patients suffering from ulcerative colitis involving the entire colon, the death rate was higher, and the risk of cancer greater than among those who had disease limited to the rectum at the time of diagnosis. For 40 of these patients who underwent proctocolectomy the long-term survival rate apparently was improved after an initially higher risk in the first year after operation.
Understanding causes of distress in women with gynecologic cancer.
Authors: Kerri S. Bevis, Elizabeth Ann Kvale, Gabrielle Rocque, Guilherme Henrique Cantuaria, Jennifer Scalici, Rodney Paul Rocconi, Michael Finan, Aras Acemgil, Yufeng Li, Richard A. Taylor, Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, Kelly Kenzik, Karen Meneses, Michelle Martin, Mona N. Fouad, Edward E. Partridge, Maria Pisu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

94 Background: Lay patient navigators can screen patients using a distress tool (DT) to identify and address multiple patient concerns. Patient-reported distress can be used to characterize the needs of patients with ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer through all phases of care from initial diagnosis through active treatment and into survivorship. Methods: The Patient Care Connect Program (PCCP) includes 12 cancer centers throughout Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, Florida, and Tennessee and navigates Medicare beneficiaries with cancer. Within the PCCP, navigators documented distress levels, causes of distress, and requests for intervention. Distress screening results were used to describe needs of patients with gynecologic malignancies and to assess effective resolution of distress. Results: Initial DT results were collected on 360 patients with gynecologic cancers: 206 (57%) ovarian, 111 (31%) endometrial, and 43 (12%) cervical cancers. Fifty-six (16%) were African American. Twenty-four percent of patients reported a distress score ≥ 4 and 4% reported scores ≥8. Physical symptoms most frequently caused distress (44%) particularly fatigue, pain, and neuropathy. Practical problems (11%), informational needs (16%) and emotional issues (19%) were also common. Patients were most likely to request assistance with transportation (63%), financial/insurance issues (77%), and nutritional concerns (75%). Lay navigators were able to address these concerns in 92% of patients. Conclusions: Gynecologic cancer patients report diverse sources of distress extending beyond symptom management. By administering DTs, patient navigators may effectively facilitate resolution of patient identified distress. The project described was supported by Grant Number 1C1CMS331023 from the Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services. The contents of this abstract are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services or any of its agencies.