tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 360: Effect of adrenogenic androgens on androgen receptor activity in prostate cancer microenvironment
Authors: Atsushi Mizokami, Misako Kumaki, Takashi Shima, Kouji Izumi, Yoshifumi Kadono, Hiroyuki Konaka, Mikio Namiki
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract One of the mechanisms by which advanced prostate cancer (PCa) usually relapses after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the adaptation to residual androgens in PCa tissue. The origin of residual androgenic in PCa tissue is regarded as adrenogenic DHEA. Previously, we reported that prostate cancer-derived stromal cells (PCaSC) coordinately synthesize DHT from adrenal DHEA with LNCaP cells and that accelerated AR activity in LNCaP cells induced by DHEA. However, DHEA of high concentration was needed to accelerate androgen receptor (AR) activity. Therefore, We investigated whether adrenogenic other androgens of the physiological concentration in castrated PCa patient (androstenedione and androstenediol) could activate AR of LNCaP cells in the presence of PCaSC. Androstenedione of the physiological concentration as well as DHEA of the high concentration activated AR in the presence of PCaSC. Now we are investigating the relationship between degree of AR activity induced by adrenal androgens in the presence of PCaSC and prognosis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 360. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-360
OP0270 Further Validation of the Hybrid MMT/CMAS (HMC), A New Measure of Muscle Disease Activity in Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Authors: G.C. Varnier, A. Consolaro, C. Pilkington, C. Ferrari, A. Civino, J. de Inocencio, M. Jelusic Drazic, E. Tsitsamis, J. Vojinovic, G. Espada, B. Makay, A. Martini, A. Ravelli
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Assessment of muscle strength is a fundamental component of the clinical evaluation of children with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). This assessment is traditionally made using the 8-muscle MMT and the CMAS. However, the MMT does not cover all muscles or muscle groups affected in JDM, particularly abdominal muscles. Although the CMAS is more comprehensive than the MMT, it is lengthy and, therefore, may not be feasible in a busy clinical setting or when a physical therapist is not available. We have recently developed a new measure of muscle strength in JDM, named Hybrid MMT/CMAS (hMC), which is more comprehensive than the MMT and more feasible than the CMAS. This tool has previously demonstrated good construct validity. <h3>Objectives</h3> To further validate the hMC by assessing its discriminant validity. <h3>Methods</h3> The hMC is composed of all 8 items of MMT and of 3 items of the CMAS: 1) head lift; 2) sits-ups; 3) floor rise. The total score of the hMC ranges from 0 (worst) to 100 (normal). Validation analyses were performed in 167 patients included in a multinational study. Discriminant validity of the hMC was assessed by comparing its score between: 1) patients rated by the physician as being in remission or in high, moderate, or low disease activity; 2) patients rated in remission, continued activity, or flare by physician and parent; 3) parents satisfied or not satisfied with their child9s disease outcome. The change in hMC score between 2 consecutive visits (median 3 months) was compared among patients defined as improved, stable, or worsened by physician and parent. Comparisons of quantitative variables among groups were made by nonparametric analysis of variance (Kruskal-Wallis test) and Mann-Whitney U Test. <h3>Results</h3> The hMC demonstrated strong ability to discriminate between patients in high, moderate, low disease activity or remission according to the physician, between patients defined in remission, continued active disease and flare by the parent (p&lt;0.001), between patients with (p&lt;0.001), and between patients satisfied or not satisfied with disease outcome (p&lt;0.001). The change in hMC score differentiated well patients rated as improved, stable, or worsened by the physician (p&lt;0.0006) or the parent (p=0.0049). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The hMC showed strong discriminant ability in a large multinational patient sample and is, thus, a valid tool for the assessment muscles disease activity in JDM patients in standard clinical care, observational studies, and clinical trials. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Low CD4+ Counts in a Study of Transfusion Safety
Authors: Louis M. Aledort, Eva A. Operskalski, Shelby L. Dietrich, Marion A. Koerper, George F. Gjerset, Jeanne M. Lusher, Eric C.Y. Lian, James W. Mosley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

To the Editor: Laurence and coworkers,1 as well as others,2,3 have reported that the depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes may be associated with AIDS-defining or other severe illnesses in persons withou...
Case 37-1995
Authors: D.A. Hafler, E.T. Hedley-Whyte
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Presentation of CaseA six-year-old boy was admitted in early August because of a rash, meningismus, and diplegia.The boy had been well until three days earlier, when fatigue developed and he was chilled more easily than usual while swimming. The next day he had nausea and vomiting, and large, evanescent erythematous patches appeared on his face, arms, and legs, followed by pains in the neck and shoulder and tingling of the legs. The next morning he was unable to walk because of weakness in his legs. Examination at another hospital showed that the temperature was 38.8°C and the blood . . .
Drug Therapy of Migraine
Authors: Alastair J.J. Wood, K.M.A. Welch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Migraine is an episodic headache that is unilateral or bilateral, pulsating in quality, moderate to severe in intensity, and exacerbated by physical activity. Associated symptoms include nausea or vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia. The disorder is classified as migraine with aura (previously called classic migraine) and migraine without aura (previously called common migraine), according to the presence or absence, respectively, of premonitory neurologic symptoms1.The pathophysiology of migraine is clearly related to disordered brain physiology, although neither the details nor the cause is known. The positive (stimulative) followed by negative (suppressive) neurologic symptoms of the aura and the slow spread . . .
PTU-009 From Abstract to Full Publication: A 15-Year Review of British Socety of Gastroentorology (BSG) Conference outcomes
Authors: M Kurien, A D Hopper, R Sabbagh, A Beer, D S Sanders
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Abstract presentations at scientific meetings allow rapid dissemination of novel research and enables peer review before submission for publication. Not all abstracts are subsequently published in peer reviewed journals. The likelihood of subsequent full publication of abstracts from other medical specialty meetings has been reported to range widely from 11–78%. Full publication is important and for the aspiring trainee enhances there CV. However it may be difficult to publish a negative study, with service review papers also suggested to be less likely to achieve full publication. This study evaluates the rate of BSG abstracts subsequently published in full over a 15-year period and the time duration between meeting and full publication. <h3>Methods</h3> All abstracts presented at the BSG between 1994 and 2008 were assessed in Nov 2012. This ensured a 4 year period had elapsed since the last meeting included this study, a previously reported upper limit timescale of full publication of an abstract after a meeting. PUBMED and EMBASE databases were reviewed using cross-referencing of first author, senior author and at least one key word from the abstract title. Abstracts and possible full publications were then examined in tandem to ensure they represented the same study. Full publication rates and lag time were then compared between meetings, with an unpaired t test used to compare means and categorical data compared using a X<sup>2</sup> test. <h3>Results</h3> In order to provide comparable year on year data, outcomes of abstracts presented in the spring and autumn meetings of 1994 and 1995 were combined. Over the 15-year period the number of abstracts presented ranged from 578 – 330 but this did not vary significantly between years. However, the number (n = 323 – n = 91) and percentage (55.9% –20.4%) of abstracts presented that went on to full publication fell year on year (r = –0.74; p = 0.002 and r = –0.83; p = &lt; 0.001 respectively). Comparing lag times between meeting and full publication at the start of the study period in 1994 (mean 23.0 months: SD 15.04) and at the end in 2008 (mean 19.6 months: SD 9.2), this was significantly longer (p = 0.014 unpaired t test). Service development abstracts had a conversion rate to full publication of 6.9% (8/116) between 2004–2008, which was significantly lower than the 23.1% (525/2268) conversion rate identified for all abstracts submitted to the BSG during the same period (p &lt; 0.0001) <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study demonstrates that the number of abstracts that go on to achieve full publication at the BSG has fallen with a significant trend. Whilst improvements are identified in the time to full publication, the decline in BSG abstract output to full publication may reflect declining research activity within the UK gastroenterology community. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Blood Ammonia Levels in Hepatic Cirrhosis
Authors: Curtis J. Fisher, William W. Faloon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE relation between elevated blood ammonia concentrations and the occurrence of hepatic coma has called attention to the sites of ammonia production. The production of ammonia by bacterial enzymatic action upon urea and other nitrogenous compounds in the gastrointestinal tract serves to make this site a major source of blood ammonia.1 This has led several authors2 3 4 to suggest that antibacterial agents effective against intestinal organisms might be beneficial in this type of coma. Silen et al.5 have demonstrated in dogs that ingested neomycin is highly effective in reducing ammonia levels in blood draining various intestinal sites, and subsequently we observed . . .
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Endow Stem-like Qualities to Breast Cancer Cells through IL6/STAT3 and NO/NOTCH Cross-talk Signaling
Authors: Dongjun Peng, Takashi Tanikawa, Wei Li, Lili Zhao, Linda Vatan, Wojciech Szeliga, Shanshan Wan, Shuang Wei, Yin Wang, Yan Liu, Elzbieta Staroslawska, Franciszek Szubstarski, Jacek Rolinski, Ewelina Grywalska, Andrzej Stanisławek, Wojciech Polkowski, Andrzej Kurylcio, Celina Kleer, Alfred E. Chang, Max Wicha, Michael Sabel, Weiping Zou, Ilona Kryczek
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) contribute to immune suppression in cancer, but the mechanisms through which they drive metastatic progression are not fully understood. In this study, we show how MDSC convey stem-like qualities to breast cancer cells that coordinately help enable immune suppression and escape. We found that MDSC promoted tumor formation by enhancing breast cancer cell stem-like properties as well as by suppressing T-cell activation. Mechanistic investigations indicated that these effects relied upon cross-talk between the STAT3 and NOTCH pathways in cancer cells, with MDSC inducing IL6-dependent phosphorylation of STAT3 and activating NOTCH through nitric oxide leading to prolonged STAT3 activation. In clinical specimens of breast cancer, the presence of MDSC correlated with the presence of cancer stem-like cells (CSC) and independently predicted poor survival outcomes. Collectively, our work revealed an immune-associated mechanism that extrinsically confers cancer cell stemness properties and affects patient outcome. We suggest that targeting STAT3-NOTCH cross-talk between MDSC and CSC could offer a unique locus to improve cancer treatment, by coordinately targeting a coupled mechanism that enables cancer stemness and immune escape. Cancer Res; 76(11); 3156–65. ©2016 AACR.
Tracheostomy in the Management of Respiratory Problems
Authors: John M. Head
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THIS discussion is concerned with the uses of tracheostomy and mechanical respiratory devices in managing the problems encountered in a large hospital. The material presented here was obtained by a review of the records of all patients on whom tracheostomies were performed at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary during seven of the past thirteen years. Permanent end tracheostomies that were performed in conjunction with laryngectomies are not included.The history of tracheostomy is interesting; descriptions and discussions of the procedure have been recorded since the pre-Christian era. Most of the early discussion was condemnatory. . . .
PTH-084 Endoscopic and Histological Activity as Predictors of Relapse in Patients Undergoing Surveillance Colonoscopy for Ulcerative Colitis: Abstract PTH-084 Table 1
Authors: N Mohammed, C F Donnellan, S M Everett, A C Ford, P J Hamlin, J S Jennings, B J Rembacken, A Sainsbury, V Subramanian
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Mucosal healing has shown to correlate with improved long term outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Histological inflammation is often noted in endoscopically normal mucosa. We aimed to investigate the predictive role of endoscopic and histological inflammation on disease relapse in UC patients in clinical remission <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a retrospective review of adult patients in clinical remission who underwent surveillance colonoscopies in our institution from January 2008 to December 2011. Electronic records were reviewed for endoscopy reports and subsequent clinical care. Data was recorded on age, gender, duration and extent of the disease, medications, steroid use in the last 6 months, Mayo endoscopic score, Geboes histological activity index and follow up data for any flares till date. Patients were deemed to have a relapse if they required steroids or an increase in their medication dose fro symptom control in the subsequent 12 months following their index colonoscopy. Statistical analysis: Rate of clinical relapse and the predictive value of the variables of interest were assessed using SPSS version 17. All variable analysed in univariate fashion and included in multivariate analysis if p was less than ≤0.3. Multivariate analysis was based on an automated backward logistic selection process. P values &lt; 0.05 were considered significant. <h3>Results</h3> 406 patients underwent surveillance colonoscopy during the study period of which 317 (Male: 172 Females: 145) met the inclusion criteria. 57 patients (Males 29, females 28) relapsed within 12 months (Table 1 provides the baseline characteristics). On univariate analysis age (OR 0.96 95%CI 0.94–0.98), Geboes score ≥2 (4.53, 2.40–8.52) and Mayo score ≥1 (3.72, 2.05–6.73) were significantly associated with relapse. Duration of disease (p = 0.09), use of immunomodulators (p = 0.29) and recent steroid use (p = 0.3) were included in the multivariate analysis. On multivariate analysis Geboes score of ≥2 (5.11, 2.73–9.59) and age (0.97, 0.97–0.99) were predictive of clinical relapse. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Histological activity and younger age are significant predictors of disease relapse in patients undergoing surveillance endoscopy. Endoscopic activity with standard white light endoscopy did not predict clinical relapse. Better non-invasive markers of disease relapse are required for patients with ulcerative colitis <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
PWE-241 Vitamin D status in inflammatory bowel disease: are clinicians seeing the light?
Authors: R O Butcher, L E Loo, E Nixon, X McFarlane, J K Limdi
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> There has been resurgent interest in recent years in the pro-hormone vitamin D beyond its classical role in bone metabolism recognising its plausible effects in immune regulation. The aim of our study was to review practice relating to vitamin D assessment among IBD patients. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a retrospective review of 300 consecutive patients attending IBD clinics at our hospital. Clinical data including demographics, disease characteristics and therapy were obtained from case note and electronic patient record review. Measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentration subsequent to IBD diagnosis was noted. <h3>Results</h3> Of 300 IBD patients reviewed 141 were female. The median age was 47.5 (range 16–91) and mean disease duration 9.6 years. 137 patients had Crohn9s disease, 152 patients ulcerative colitis and 11 patients had IBD-type unclassified (IBDU). 126 (42.0%) patients were current or ex-smokers. Vitamin D status was assessed in 45 (15.0%) patients. In 41 patients (91.1%) measurement was undertaken within the last 2 years. The mean and median serum 25-OHD level was 19.1 and 17.0 ng/ml respectively (range 5–49.9). Nine (20.0%) of these patients had levels &lt;10 ng/ml consistent with deficiency and 17 (37.8%) levels &lt;20 ng/ml. Of the nine patients with vitamin D deficiency (three males; six females), six had Crohn9s disease and three had ulcerative colitis. Of the Crohn9s patients, three had ileo-colonic, two colonic and one ileal disease. Three had non-stricturing and non-penetrating disease, two stricturing and one penetrating disease. Of the ulcerative colitis patients one had extensive disease, one left-sided disease and one had proctitis. All patients had received steroids during the course of their disease and three patients received azathioprine, four anti-TNF (three infliximab; one adalimumab) and four had previous surgery. Patients with vitamin D deficiency had significant disease requiring immunomodulator, anti-TNF therapy and surgery in this cohort. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Vitamin D assessment in IBD patients is suboptimal. Hypovitaminosis D is under-recognised and consequently undertreated. The myriad emerging roles of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of IBD emphasise the importance of recognition and optimisation of vitamin D status to above 30 ng/ml in this patient group. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
INTRA-OPERATIVE MAPPING OF NEURAL NETWORKS DURING AWAKE CRANIOTOMY FOR RESECTION OF BRAIN TUMORS: WORK IN PROGRESS
Authors: Z. Ram, T. Gonen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Direct cortical stimulation (DCS) is considered the gold-standard for identification of functional brain regions during awake craniotomy for tumor resection. This technique allows maximal resection while preserving neurological function and quality of life. To date, no intra-operative methodology for mapping neural networks, which are crucial for adequate neurological functions, has been described. We describe the feasibility of a novel intra-operative technique, aiming to map critical language sub-networks using simultaneous, multi-site cortical stimulations. METHODS: 15 eligible patients who underwent awake craniotomy for removal of tumors involving language areas participated in this study. Following standard DCS using a bipolar Ojemann stimulator, a strip electrode was placed on “silent” cortex (where DCS has not elicited any language dysfunction). Functional testing was continued while applying simultaneous two to three-site bipolar stimulation via two pairs of adjacent contacts and Ojemann stimulator. Dysfunction was documented when occurred consistently during stimulation. RESULTS: 12 of the 15 patients (80%) experienced language dysfunction following standard single-site stimulation. Two-site simultaneous stimulations (neither causing dysfunction by itself) were associated with additive language dysfunction in 10 of the 15 patients. Three-site stimulations caused additive language dysfunction in 8 patients, as compared to the single- and two- site stimulations. Language dysfunctions caused by multifocal stimulation varied among patients and tumor locations and included primary production and comprehension dysfunctions (i.e. speech arrest and word-deafness, respectively); as well as secondary language dysfunctions such as phonological and semantic paraphasias. Importantly, using multifocal stimulations we identified eloquent regions in patients who did not experience any dysfunction using the standard DCS (two patients). Functional regions identified were spared during surgery. In none of the patients a new neurological deficit was observed following surgery, and in six patients who experienced dysfunction caused by multifocal stimulation, post-operative language function has improved. CONCLUSIONS: In this preliminary study we show that multi-site intra-operative stimulations enables identification of additional functional nodes and sub-networks which are more refined and cannot be mapped with standard single site stimulations. Using such technique may allow for preservation of neural networks and further enhance functional preservation in patients who undergo surgery for brain tumors. SECONDARY CATEGORY: n/a.
Abstract 1289: Cooperation between beta-catenin, Snail, Slug, and Twist is required for maximum repression of the human vascular endothelial-cadherin promoter
Authors: Dayami Lopez, W. Bradford Carter
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin is a key protein in the adherens junctions. This protein forms homophilic intercellular interactions and is required for the integrity of the endothelial monolayer, endothelial permeability, and control of cell growth. We have previously demonstrated that exposure of endothelial cells to breast cancer cell-conditioned media results in upregulation of Twist, Slug, and Snail expression, which in turn downregulate the activity of the human VE-cadherin promoter through at least two E-box motifs. Since these repressors have been linked to the β-catenin signaling pathway, we chose to determine whether β-catenin could regulate the activity of the human VE-cadherin promoter. Herein, we demonstrate that β-catenin represses the VE-cadherin promoter either alone or in coordination with the repressors Twist, Slug, and Snail. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that the VE-cadherin promoter contains four β-catenin/LEF-1 binding motifs (designated Site-1-4) that appear to be involved in this regulatory process. In addition, we identified TGFβ as one of the factors released by breast cancer cells that could be involved in the regulation of the VE-cadherin gene when HDMEC are exposed to breast cancer cell conditioned medium. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1289. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1289