tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Can mildly depressed outpatients with atypical depression benefit from antidepressants?
Authors: J W Stewart, P J McGrath, F M Quitkin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

The authors' goal was to explore the efficacy of antidepressant medications in outpatients with mild depression.Four hundred one outpatients were diagnosed as depressed by DSM-III criteria. Atypical Depression Diagnostic Scale criteria were also applied to these patients; these criteria require reactivity of mood plus two of four associated features, including hypersomnia, hyperphagia, leaden paralysis, and pathological sensitivity to rejection. All patients were then randomly treated for 6 weeks with up to 300 mg/day of imipramine, up to 90 mg/day of phenelzine, or placebo. Outcome at 6 weeks was determined by clinical global improvement ratings. The outcomes of patients with entry Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores in the low (scores of 12 or lower), medium (scores of 13-15), and high (scores above 16) range were compared.The majority (N = 332, 83%) of the 401 depressed patients had definite or probable atypical depression. Among the 140 patients who had low pretreatment Hamilton scale scores, 19 (33%) of 57 given placebo, 25 (60%) of 42 given imipramine, and 34 (83%) of 41 given phenelzine responded. Each of the antidepressants was superior to placebo. Similar findings applied to the patients with medium and high Hamilton scale scores, except that the rates of placebo response were lower (29% and 10%, respectively).These data support the use of antidepressant medication for some mildly depressed patients, at least if they have atypical depression. Too few patients were included who did not have atypical depression to draw conclusions about such patients.
Emergence of a B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in a patient with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: evidence for the single-cell origin of the two tumors
Authors: V Pistoia, S Roncella, PF Di Celle, M Sessarego, G Cutrona, G Cerruti, GP Boccaccio, CE Grossi, R Foa, M Ferrarini
Journal: Blood (1991)
Difficulties of routine treatment are exaggerated
Authors: T. Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A random sample of 151 patients (83 female) was given a questionnaire, and the current international normalised ratio was noted in addition.The mean (SD) age was 63-7 (10-7) years (range 24-93).Most of the patients (126) had a cardiac diagnosis (valve replacement, valvular disease, etc), while the rest had deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.Strength of warfatin tablets-Warfarin tablets are available in three strengths (1, 3, and 5 mg).Only seven patients used the 5 mg tablet.Since only five patients were taking 9 mg or more daily, we suggest that all patients could be simply and perhaps more safely treated with the 1 and 3 mg tablets only.We suggest that the 5 mg tablet be abandoned.Playing safe and computerisation-With increasing numbers of patients being treated, computeri- sation of the dose is being considered.The official target for the international normalised ratio was 2-0-3-0.Our results showed a peak in the lower half of the target zone, presumably because the doctors were playing safe: the ratio was 1-0-1-4 in 11 patients, 1-5-1-9 in 37, 2-0-2-4 in 45, 2-5-2.9 in 38, 3 0-3 4 in 16, 3 5-3 9 in three, and 4-0-4-4 in one.The low incidence of side effects (only one patient required admission to hospital) reflects this caution.A transfer to computerised control, aiming for the middle of the official target zone, would shift the distribution to the right, possibly increasing the rate of complications.Communication with patients-Patients were aware of their dose of warfarin (n-148), knew the reason for taking it (143), and were meticulous in their compliance (149 took it at same time each day, and 138 knew not to take a double dose to compensate for forgetting a dose).Ninety five, however, did not know the desirable international normalised ratio, and only three knew that the abbreviation INR stood for international normalised ratio.With patients being encouraged to have more involvement in their treatment, it is important for them to have a better of under- standing of the goals of treatment and the terms used to monitor it.
Anthony Michael Kent Rickwood
Authors: David Lloyd, David Thomas, Peter Cuckow
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Anthony Michael Kent Rickwood (“Tony”) had a seminal role in establishing paediatric urology as a recognised specialty in the UK and was a founder member of the British Association of Paediatric Urologists in 1990. He was an internationally recognised authority on the paediatric neuropathic bladder.

Tony was born on 23 February 1940 in London, where his father was a chemical engineer with ICI. After the war, during which Tony was briefly evacuated to Durham, his family moved to Sheffield, where he spent his childhood and attended King Edward VII School. An outstanding pupil, he won an open scholarship to University College, Oxford, qualifying in medicine in 1965. After junior posts at the Radcliffe Infirmary and a demonstratorship in human anatomy, he returned to Sheffield for his general surgical training at the Royal Hospital. The rotation introduced him to urology, renal transplantation, and paediatric surgery, and in 1974 he started his specialist training in paediatric surgery at Sheffield’s Children’s Hospital. In 1979 Tony was appointed to a newly created consultant post in spinal injuries and spina bifida at Sheffield Children’s Hospital and Lodge Moor spinal injuries unit, where he established an innovative …
French drug agency was not wrong to allow deadly trial, review says
Authors: Paul Benkimoun
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The French national drug agency was not wrong to authorise a drug trial that left one volunteer dead and four with severe neurological side effects, concludes the final report of an official review published on 23 May.1 However, the Agence Nationale de Securite du Medicament (ANSM) should have asked for more details about the escalation of doses described in the protocol, the report said, and it criticised errors made by the company that conducted the trial.

Media commentators and the barrister representing the family of the volunteer, Guillaume Molinet, who died on 17 January after participating in the first in humans phase I clinical trial of the experimental compound BIA-10-2474, had argued that the agency should not have given the go-ahead to test the drug in humans, because neurological adverse …
Abstract P2-05-21: The AKT-mTOR pathway as a potential organ-specific drug target signature of hepatic metastases from breast cancer
Authors: M Pierobon, S Wong, A Reeder, SP Anthony, NJ Robert, DW Northfelt, M Jahanzeb, L Vocila, J Wulfkuhle, B Dunetz, J Aldrich, S Byron, D Craig, L Liotta, EF Petricoin, J Carpten
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: The identification of organ-specific targetable signatures may help design more effective treatment for patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We took a multi-OMIC approach to assess whether the AKT-mTOR pathway is globally activated during metastatic progression or whether it represents an organ-specific target. Methods: Snap frozen biopsies from 25 MBC patients enrolled in a prospective phase II trial were used. Sites of metastasis were classified as liver (n=8) and others (n=17), the latter including cutaneous, lung, lymph nodes, and intra-abdominal lesions. Signaling analysis of the 25 cases was performed using Reverse Phase Protein Microarray (RPPA) coupled with Laser Capture Microdissection. Activation of the AKT-mTOR pathway was quantified as phosphorylation of AKT (S473) and the mTOR target p70S6 (T389). Matched exome (WES) and RNASeq data were available for 17 of 25 patients, five with liver metastases. Sequencing data was processed using an in-house developed pipeline to identify somatic events including coding mutations, copy number alterations, gene fusions, and differential expression. Activation of the AKT-mTOR pathway and sequencing data were compared between hepatic and non-hepatic lesions using an integrated RPPA and genomic approach. Results: Among liver metastases, AKT was activated in 4 of the 8 (50.0%) patients, while 6 of the 8 cases (75.0%) showed activation of p70S6. Sequencing data revealed mutation of PIK3CA in 4 of the 5 liver metastases (80.0%). Three of the PIK3CA mutated specimens with catalytic domain mutations (codons 1023 and 147) demonstrated co-activation of AKT and p70S6, while the fourth case, containing a helical domain mutation (E542K), had activation of p70S6 only. The PIK3CA wild-type liver metastasis demonstrated low activation of AKT and p70S6. For non-hepatic metastases AKT was activated in 2 of the 17 cases (11.8%) and p70S6 in 5 of the 17 patients (29.4%). Discussion: Although these results need further validation, activation of the AKT-mTOR pathway appears to be a hepatic specific signature in MBC and could be used for the selection of targeted agents for hepatic lesions. Citation Format: Pierobon M, Wong S, Reeder A, Anthony SP, Robert NJ, Northfelt DW, Jahanzeb M, Vocila L, Wulfkuhle J, Dunetz B, Aldrich J, Byron S, Craig D, Liotta L, Petricoin EF, Carpten J. The AKT-mTOR pathway as a potential organ-specific drug target signature of hepatic metastases from breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-05-21.
Effects of definitive chemoradiation on circulating immunologic angiogenic cytokines in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Vishwajith Sridharan, Danielle N. Margalit, Stephanie A. Lynch, Mariano Severgnini, F. Stephen Hodi, Robert I. Haddad, Roy B. Tishler, Jonathan D. Schoenfeld
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2016)

Preclinical studies suggest a synergistic effect between radiation, immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy, although the mechanisms are unclear. Angiogenic cytokines are known to affect the immune system, and their levels may be associated with response to immunotherapy. Here, we assess changes in circulating VEGF, as well as angiogenic cytokines angiopoietin-1 and -2 (Ang1, Ang2), and placental growth factor (PLGF) that occur during definitive chemo-radiotherapy in HNSCC patients.We prospectively collected blood samples from patients receiving definitive radiation with or without chemotherapy. Serum Ang1, Ang2, VEGF, and PLGF were measured via cytokine assays.The majority of patients had advanced stage, node positive HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer, and received radiation to a median dose of 70 Gy with concurrent cisplatin. Over the course of treatment, serum VEGF and Ang1 levels decreased in 20/24 (84 %, p < 0.0001) and 21/24 (88 %, p < 0.0001) patients, respectively, and Ang2 and PLGF levels increased in 20/24 (83 %, p < 0.0001) patients.We find significant changes in angiogenic cytokines in the majority of HNSCC patients over the course of chemoradiation. Decreases in VEGF caused by radiation may represent one mechanism of potential synergy with immunotherapy. Increases in Ang2 and PLGF are interesting given their link to tumor associated angiogenesis and poor prognosis. Additional studies are needed to explore synergies between anti-angiogenic treatments, immunotherapy, and chemoradiation in HNSCC.
The Cytohistological Study of Gastric Washings&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Howard L. Richardson, M. D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1949)

Journal Article The Cytohistological Study of Gastric Washings Get access Howard L. Richardson, M. D. Howard L. Richardson, M. D. assistant professor of pathology University of Oregon Medical School, Portland, Oregon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 10, Issue 2, October 1949, Pages 467–475, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/10.2.467 Published: 01 October 1949
CTC subpopulations in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: M. Bulfoni, L. Gerratana, F. Puglisi, A.P. Beltrami, C. Di Loreto, M. Bonotto, M. Cinausero, C. Bozza, M. Isola, B. Toffoletto, S. Marzinotto, A.M. Minisini, R. Sottile, M. Banzi, E. Peruzzi, M. Mansutti, G. Fasola, D. Cesselli
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Abstract P1-07-19: Spatial analyses of breast cancer in women 15-49 years-old in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil
Authors: FSL Vianna, F Vargas, LG Gross, LN Nunes, P Ashton-Prolla, SA Camey
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Breast cancer (BC) rates under 50 years have been increasing over time in several countries. Although the exact impact of BC is not know in low and middle income countries, it's estimated that at least 20% of deaths caused by BC affect women under the ahe of 50 years. In Porto Alegre, the capital of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil's southernmost state, the incidence of BC in women aged 40-49 years is 165 cases per 100,000, while the mortality rate reaches 25 in 100,000 women. In order to understand BC profile in this age group in the entire state of RS, we established incidence, morbidity and mortality between 2002-2011 through crude and smoothed rates for each municipality. Furthermore, we perform the spatial analysis of these indicators. Incidence data were only available for the state capital, where the rate incidence was 19 and 160 cases per 100,000 women in the age groups of 15-39 and 40-49, respectively. Statewide mortality was 2 and 21 per 100,000 women in the age groups of 15-39 and 40-49, respectively. Hospitalar morbidity associated with BC was 0.6% and 2% in women 15-39 and 40-49 years, respectively. The distribution of morbidity and mortality showed regions with continuously high rates throughout this period with result above 3% and 20 deaths per 100,000 women. In the same areas we did not identified centers specialized in cancer treatment and care. Although there is specific epidemiological surveillance for cancer in Brazil, the coverage is insufficient, especially when it comes to incidence. Morbidity and mortality data showed regions continually affected by high rates, suggesting that specific measures as well as specialized care for women in these regions are necessary. This result is particularly important since current guidelines of the Ministry of Health in Brazil recommend mammographic screening starting at the age of 50 years. The expansion of coverage and access to appropriate treatment is essential for the recognition of risk factors, adoption of effective strategies and reduction of cases and deaths in this group of women. Knowledge of the age distribution of BC cases and BC related deaths is important for the definition of health care policies, which will likely be different in different regions of the world. Citation Format: Vianna FSL, Vargas F, Gross LG, Nunes LN, Ashton-Prolla P, Camey SA. Spatial analyses of breast cancer in women 15-49 years-old in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-07-19.
Abstract P2-02-03: HER2 expression on circulating tumor cells before adjuvant chemotherapy and during follow-up in patients with HER2-negative early breast cancer
Authors: H Markomanolaki, D Mavroudis, G Kallergi, E-K Vetsika, M Stratigos, K Makrigiannaki, V Georgoulias, S Agelaki
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) before adjuvant chemotherapy as well as during follow-up is related to poor prognosis in early breast cancer. The presence of HER2-positive CTCs has been also associated with significantly decreased disease-free and overall survival. We hereby assessed the HER2 status of CTCs in HER2-negative patients with early breast cancer, before the initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy and during follow-up. Methods: Double staining immunofluorescent experiments using pancytokeratin (A45-B/B3) and HER2 antibodies were performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients. Patients were evaluated before adjuvant therapy (n=103) and during follow-up (n=290) at intervals ranging from 6 months to 20 years post-chemotherapy. Results: CTCs were detected in 28 (27.2%) out of 103 patients pre-chemotherapy and in 94 (32.4%) out of 290 during follow-up. The mean CTC count detected at ≤2 years of follow-up was not significantly different compared to baseline [3.4 CTCs (range 1-13) vs 2.9 (range 1-12), respectively]. However, this value showed a significant decrease from 2-5 to ≥10 years of follow-up (4.2, range 1-11 vs. 1.8, range 1-4). Among CTC-positive patients, CTCs expressing HER2 were detected in 21 (75%) and in 73 (77.7%) patients pre-chemotherapy and during follow-up, respectively. The mean proportion of HER2-positive CTCs per patient was 73.5% pre-chemotherapy and 67% at follow-up. This proportion showed a significant increase at follow-up time points ≤2, 2-5 and 5-10 years [52% (p=0.0027), 65.6% (p=0.0476) and 69% (p=0.0440), respectively] compared to ≥10 years (89.2%). Conclusions: These data demonstrate that CTCs persist during follow-up in a significant percentage of early breast cancer patients. Similarly, HER2 positive CTCs are detected in a significant proportion of patients both at baseline and during follow-up. Mean CTC count appears to decrease after 10 years, whereas the population of HER2 positive CTCs seems to increase during follow-up. These results suggest that targeting HER2-positive CTCs may have implications for the prevention of late relapses. Citation Format: Markomanolaki H, Mavroudis D, Kallergi G, Vetsika E-K, Stratigos M, Makrigiannaki K, Georgoulias V, Agelaki S. HER2 expression on circulating tumor cells before adjuvant chemotherapy and during follow-up in patients with HER2-negative early breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-02-03.
Dose-Response Relations in Experimental Transmission of Avian Erythromyeloblastic Leukosis. IV. Strain Differences in Host-Response to the Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: E A ECKERT, N F WATERS, B R BURMESTER, D BEARD, J W BEARD
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1954)

Journal Article Dose-Response Relations in Experimental Transmission of Avian Erythromyeloblastic Leukosis. IV. Strain Differences in Host-Response to the Virus Get access Edward A. Eckert, Edward A. Eckert Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nelson F. Waters, Nelson F. Waters Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. R. Burmester, B. R. Burmester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dorothy Beard, Dorothy Beard Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. W. Beard J. W. Beard Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 14, Issue 5, April 1954, Pages 1067–1080, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/14.5.1067 Published: 01 April 1954 Article history Received: 27 November 1953 Published: 01 April 1954
The Anterior Cingulate Gyrus and Social Cognition: Tracking the Motivation of Others
Authors: Matthew A.J. Apps, Matthew F.S. Rushworth, Steve W.C. Chang
Journal: Neuron (2016)

Highlights•The anterior cingulate gyrus (ACCg) mainly signals other-oriented information•The ACCg responds to others' motivation and prediction errors•ACCg variability may lead to variability in social cognition in health and disease•A computational framework is proposed accounting for ACCg social responsesAbstractThe anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is implicated in a broad range of behaviors and cognitive processes, but it has been unclear what contribution, if any, the ACC makes to social behavior. We argue that anatomical and functional evidence suggests that a specific sub-region of ACC—in the gyrus (ACCg)—plays a crucial role in processing social information. We propose that the computational properties of the ACCg support a contribution to social cognition by estimating how motivated other individuals are and dynamically updating those estimates when further evidence suggests they have been erroneous. Notably this model, based on vicarious motivation and error processing, provides a unified account of neurophysiological and neuroimaging evidence that the ACCg is sensitive to costs, benefits, and errors during social interactions. Furthermore, it makes specific, testable predictions about a key mechanism that may underpin variability in socio-cognitive abilities in health and disease.
Eosinophil Chimerism In The Differential Diagnosis Between DEK-CAN+ Acute Myeloid Leukemia Relapse and Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease
Authors: Clarissa L.M. Souza, Carolina B Bub, Elvira RP Velloso, Paulo A.A. Silveira, Juliana F Fernandes, Vicente Odone, Nelson Hamerschlak, Nydia Bacal, Paulo Vidal Campregher
Journal: Blood (2013)
Psychiatry in General Practice
Authors: R R Nimmagadda
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Relationship of Ethnicity and Other Prognostic Factors to Breast Cancer Survival Patterns in Hawaii&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Loïc LeMarchand, Laurence N. Kolonel, Abraham M. Y. Nomura
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

The survival experience of 2,956 invasive breast carcinoma cases identified among the 5 major ethnic groups in Hawaii between 1960 and 1979 was studied. The study population consisted of 1,174 Caucasian, 972 Japanese, 458 Hawaiian, 226 Chinese, and 126 Filipino women. A multivariate analysis based on the proportional hazards regression model revealed that after simultaneous adjustment for stage of disease, age, and socioeconomic status (SES), Filipino and Hawaiian patients had significantly poorer survival than Japanese and Caucasian patients. Hawaiian women also had a significantly poorer survival than Chinese women. Survival was higher in patients between the ages of 45 and 54 years compared to those younger or older, in patients with localized tumors compared to those with more advanced tumors, and in patients with middle or high SES compared to those with the low SES. Histology and marital status were not associated with survival. The possibility that other factors such as obesity, estrogen receptor status, treatment, and nutritional and hormonal status could explain the remaining observed racial differences in breast cancer survival is discussed.