tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lack of Effect of Treating<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Infection in Patients with Nonulcer Dyspepsia
Authors: André L. Blum, Nicholas J. Talley, Colm O'Moráin, Sander Veldhuyzen van Zanten, Joachim Labenz, Manfred Stolte, Japie A. Louw, Arild Stubberöd, Asgeir Theodórs, Marie Sundin, Elisabeth Bolling-Sternevald, Ola Junghard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

It is uncertain whether treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection relieves symptoms in patients with nonulcer, or functional, dyspepsia.We conducted a double-blind, multicenter trial of patients with H. pylori infection and dyspeptic symptoms (moderate-to-very-severe pain and discomfort centered in the upper abdomen). Patients were excluded if they had a history of peptic ulcer disease or gastroesophageal reflux disease and had abnormal findings on upper endoscopy. Patients were randomly assigned to seven days of treatment with 20 mg of omeprazole twice daily, 1000 mg of amoxicillin twice daily, and 500 mg of clarithromycin twice daily or with omeprazole alone and then followed up for one year. Treatment success was defined as the absence of dyspeptic symptoms or the presence of minimal symptoms on any of the 7 days preceding the 12-month visit.Twenty of the 348 patients were excluded after randomization because they were not infected with H. pylori, were not treated, or had no data available. For the remaining 328 patients (164 in each group), treatment was successful for 27.4 percent of those assigned to receive omeprazole and antibiotics and 20.7 percent of those assigned to receive omeprazole alone (P=0.17; absolute difference between groups, 6.7 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, -2.6 to 16.0). After 12 months, gastritis had healed in 75.0 percent of the patients in the group given omeprazole and antibiotics and in 3.0 percent of the patients in the omeprazole group (P<0.001); the respective rates of H. pylori eradication were 79 percent and 2 percent. In the group given omeprazole and antibiotics, the rate of treatment success among patients with persistent H. pylori infection was similar to that among patients in whom the infection was eradicated (26 percent vs. 31 percent). There were no significant differences between the groups in the quality of life after treatment.In patients with nonulcer dyspepsia, the eradication of H. pylori infection is not likely to relieve symptoms.
Pragmatic and positivistic analyses of kinship terminology
Authors: Murray J. Leaf
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract Jones' article suggests that the anthropological analysis of kinship has followed a single line of development based on a single underlying conception of meaning and method. In fact, there have been two opposed lines of development. Jones' conception is positivistic. The other is pragmatic. Pragmatic theory is superior on every recognized criterion. This briefly describes the differences.
AB0841 Articular manifestations of antisynthetase syndrome: A retrospective study of 22 patients
Authors: T. Nunokawa, S. Sugii, K. Shimada, N. Yokogawa, R. Nakashima, Y. Hosono, S. Sato, Y. Suzuki, N. Chinen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Antisynthetase syndrome is associated with anti-aminoacyl-tRNA antibodies and often presents with inflammatory myopathy, interstitial lung disease and polyarthritis, which may mimic rheumatoid arthritis or erosive osteoarthritis. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study is to evaluate articular manifestations of antisynthetase syndrome based on the types of antibodies. <h3>Methods</h3> Clinical and radiological features of patients with antisynthetase syndrome were reviewed using electric chart system at our hospital. <h3>Results</h3> Twenty-two patients were diagnosed as antisynthetase syndrome associated with 5 types of anti-aminoacyl-tRNA antibodies: anti-Jo-1 10, anti-EJ 8, anti-PL-7 2, anti-KS 1, anti-OJ. Fifteen patients (68%) had arthralgia and/or arthritis. While only two patients with anti-EJ had articular involvement, all of the patients with anti-Jo 1 and three with other antibodies had. In hand X-rays, joint deformities, most frequently subluxations, were found in five patients with anti-Jo 1 and one with anti-PL 7. DIP involvement was observed in four patients, PIP in two, MCP in one. On MRI of four patients, tenosynovitis was prominent compared to bone erosion or edema. One patient presented marked periarticular calcinosis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Anti-Jo-1 antibody exhibited more severe articular manifestations than other antibodies. Subclinical tenosynovitis may potentiate a progressive joint deformity, such as DIP subluxation. <h3>References</h3> Oddis CV et al, A subluxing arthropathy associated with the anti-Jo-1 antibody in polymyositis/dermatomyositis, 1990, Arthritis Rheum 33:1640-5 Meyer O et al, Subluxing arthropathy: an unusual manifestation of the antisynthetase syndrome, 2009, Ann Rheum Dis 68:152-3 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Diagnosing and Treating Small-Cell Carcinomas of Prostatic Origin
Authors: MICHAEL E. SPIETH, Y. GREGORY LIN, THANHCUONG T. NGUYEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

Purpose Small-cell carcinoma is very aggressive, metastasizes early and often, and does not respond to most chemotherapy regimens. In approximately 50% of cases of prostate cancer, tumors are a combination of small-cell carcinoma and androgen-sensitive adenocarcinoma. It is widely believed that no successful treatment exists for androgen-independent prostate cancer. Methods A 67-year-old man had undergone androgen ablation therapy and radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer followed by bilateral orchiectomy, limited radiation therapy, and unsuccessful chemotherapy for pain-causing metastatic bone disease. Biopsy and immunohistochemical analysis revealed neuroendocrine differentiation of the cancer. The full extent of metastatic disease was assessed successfully using In-111, a somatostatin derivative. Octreotide acetate was used to treat the tumors. Results In-111 OctreoScan scintigraphy was more sensitive in the diagnostic demonstration of metastatic foci than was bone scanning. Therapy with the cold somatostatin derivative resulted in a rapid and significant relief of pain with significant tumor shrinkage. The patient remained in remission for at least 10 weeks, when he was lost to follow-up. Conclusions Somatostatin analogs and their radionuclide and cytotoxic derivatives are recommended as adjuvant treatments for prostate carcinoma, especially in those patients who are at high risk for carcinoma recurrence after radical prostatectomy and who have advanced prostate carcinoma at the time of relapse. Because small-cell carcinomas of the prostate and lung are identical, these analogs may be useful in the detection and treatment of these tumors as well.
Abstract 1808: Gene expression signature of malignant astrocytomas and its association with MGMT promoter methylation status.
Authors: Toshihiko Iuchi, Miki Ohira, Sana Yokoi, Hajime Kageyama, Yuzo Hasegawa, Koichiro Kawasaki, Tsukasa Sakaida, Akira Nakagawara
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: MGMT promoter methylation has been reported as a predictive marker, not only for response to temozolomide (TMZ), but also for the longer survival of the patients with malignant astrocytomas (MAs) regardless of treatment with TMZ. This led us to hypothesize that methylation status of MGMT in MAs could somehow associate with epigenetic modification of other cancer-related gene promoters resulting in alterations of gene expression profiles and acquisition of therapy- sensitive characters. In this study, to elucidate the molecular characteristics that contribute to chemosensitivity and prognosis in MAs, we conducted gene expression profiling of the tumors with or without MGMT promoter methylation. Materials and Methods: Forty-seven MAs including 5 anaplastic astrocytomas and 42 glioblastomas were enrolled in this study. Methylation status of MGMT gene promoter was evaluated by methylation-specific PCR and subsequent pyrosequencing. Gene expression profile was analyzed using 13,000 genes-cDNA microarray which was developed in our institute. Differentially expressed genes between MGMT-methylated and -unmethylated cases were picked up by statistical analysis (Wilcoxon test). Results: MGMT promoter methylation was found in 26 out of 47 cases. Among the 13,000 genes examined, 163 genes demonstrated statistically significant difference in expression between MGMT-methylated and -unmethylated cases. 22 genes demonstrated lower expression in MGMT-methylated cases, while the remaining 141 genes showed higher expression in methylated cases. When we classify the cases into two groups according to the expression profiles of these 163 genes, survival of the patients were clearly divided (median survival: 18.9m vs. 9.7m, p=0.039). Annotation analysis indicated that the 22 genes with lower expression in MGMT-methylated tumors include those which actively participate in tumor progression, invasion and metastasis, and one of these showed a significant prognostic power in 47 MAs examined (p=0.049). Validation of methylation status of these gene promoters is underway. Conclusion: We identified a gene expression signature strongly correlated with MGMT methylation in MAs, which might contribute to predict chemosensitivity of tumors as well as prognosis of the patients with MA in combination of MGMT methylation. Citation Format: Toshihiko Iuchi, Miki Ohira, Sana Yokoi, Hajime Kageyama, Yuzo Hasegawa, Koichiro Kawasaki, Tsukasa Sakaida, Akira Nakagawara. Gene expression signature of malignant astrocytomas and its association with MGMT promoter methylation status. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1808. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1808
Fish Consumption and the 30-Year Risk of Fatal Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Martha L. Daviglus, Jeremiah Stamler, Anthony J. Orencia, Alan R. Dyer, Kiang Liu, Philip Greenland, Molly K. Walsh, Douglas Morris, Richard B. Shekelle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Epidemiologic data on the possible benefit of eating fish to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease have been inconsistent. We used data from the Chicago Western Electric Study to examine the relation between base-line fish consumption and the 30-year risk of death from coronary heart disease.
Case 35-2007
Authors: Mark W. Babyatsky, Myles D. Keroack, Michael A. Blake, Eric S. Rosenberg, Mari Mino-Kenudson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 30-year-old Moroccan man with a history of inflammatory bowel disease was admitted to the hospital because of fever, abdominal pain, and bloody diarrhea. He had last traveled to Morocco 5 months before admission. On admission to the hospital, his temperature was 40.5°C and the heart rate was 70 beats per minute. There was atypical lymphocytosis in the blood, and serum levels of aminotransferases were slightly elevated. A diagnostic procedure was performed.
PTH-182 What is the Diagnostic Yield of Duodenal Biopsy at upper GI Endoscopy?
Authors: F Debonera, P Nair, M Thoufeeq
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> By and the large, the most common indication for obtaining biopsy of the 2nd part of the duodenum is in the diagnosis of coeliac disease. We wanted to identify the diagnostic yield of duodenal biopsies at upper GI endoscopy. <h3>Methods</h3> We obtained clinical details of 500 patients who had duodenal biopsies taken at upper GI endoscopy (UGIE). This was provided by our local histo-pathology department. These included patients who had UGIE from October 2011 till September 2012. We excluded indications related to coeliac follow up and suspected malignancy (n = 31). We collected data that included age of the patient, indication of the biopsy, findings at endoscopy and histology. We also looked at our results server to see if TTGs were sent for these biopsies. <h3>Results</h3> Duodenal biopsies were taken to rule out coeliac disease in the context of a variety of symptoms: mainly iron-deficiency or other unspecified anaemia, but also chronic or intermittent diarrhoea, unexplained GI symptoms including nausea and vomiting, fatigue, abdominal pain and distension and weight loss. Of the 469 biopsies, 89% (n = 416) were reported as normal at histology and 11% (n = 53) were reported as being abnormal. 84% (n = 45) of the abnormal biopsies were non specific in nature. Only 11.3% (n = 6) of the abnormal biopsies were diagnosed as coeliac. A further 2 patients were diagnosed as coeliac disease after further clinical evaluation. Of the 469 samples, 34% (n = 161) of patients had TTG serology was sent prior to biopsy. Only 50% (n = 3) of those diagnosed with coeliac disease in this study had TTG done prior to biopsy. 1.7%(n = 8) of patients who had duodenal biopsies had a conclusive diagnosis of coeliac disease. Only 0.4% (n = 2) of patients who were TTG negative were diagnosed with coeliac disease based on histology and clinical correlation. There were no falsely positive TTG. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The diagnostic yield of duodenal biopsies is low. It may be more cost-effective if we limit biopsies after being guided by tissue transglutamiase (TTG). <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Doctors’ age at domestic partnership and parenthood: cohort studies
Authors: Jacqueline Waterman
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2013)

I read with interest the paper by Goldacre et al.1

As a female surgeon, the finding in Table 5 that 74% of general practitioners had children by the age of 35 compared with 41% in female surgeons was particularly striking. The authors also concluded that women were rejecting certain specialties on their perception that they were incompatible with having a family, with many more in the female GPs group (n = 2267) than the female surgeon group (n = 313).

It should be noted that these cohort studies are from an era when surgical training was exceptionally intense with trainee-led operating at all hours considered normal, whereas surgical training is more similar to other specialties in intensity now.

It would be unfortunate if female medical graduates were deterred from entering surgical specialties because of a perception that surgical careers are not suited to family life. I would agree with the authors that further work is needed to determine whether doctors decide not to have children because of their career.

Women in Surgery at the Royal College of Surgeons (England) consider that female doctors interested in pursuing a surgical career should not think that the roles of female surgeon and mother are incompatible. I am a Consultant Orthopaedic surgeon, mother to three children, and wife to a Hospital Consultant. The Women in Surgery Group at the Royal College of Surgeons (England) has produced a ‘Pregnancy and Maternity’ leaflet which is available at http://surgicalcareers.rcseng.ac.uk/documents/Pregnancy.pdf
Abstract P1-12-04: Long Term Follow-Up of a Pilot Trial of Pre-Operative (Neoadjuvant) Letrozole in Combination with Bevacizumab in Post-Menopausal Women with Newly Diagnosed Estrogen and/or Progesterone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: A Forero, M Saleh, J Galleshaw, C Jones, L Nabell, J Carpenter, C Falkson, H Krontiras, M Urist, K Bland, J De Los Santos, R Meredith, V Caterinicchia, W Bernreuter, J O'Malley, L Yufeng, A. LoBuglio
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in breast cancer tumors has been associated with resistance to anti-estrogen adjuvant therapy. We designed a pilot study of neoadjuvant letrozole and bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) to assess feasibility and short term efficacy in post-menopausal women with stage II/III, ER/PR positive breast cancer. Patients and Methods: Patients were treated with a neoadjuvant regimen of letrozole, 2.5 mg/day (PO) and bevacizumab 15 mg/kg every 3 weeks (IV) for a total of 24 weeks prior to surgical treatment of their breast cancer. Patients were followed for toxicity at three week intervals and tumor assessment (physical exam and tumor ultrasound) at six week intervals. Results: Twenty-five evaluable patients were treated. The regimen was well tolerated except for two patients who were taken off-study for difficult to control hypertension. Objective clinical response occurred in 17/25 patients (68%) including 16% CR and 52% PR. The four patients with clinical CR had pathologic CR in their breasts (16%) although one had residual tumor cells in axillary nodes. Two of the 17 responding patients were lost to follow-up; with a median follow-up of 50 months, no relapses have been seen in the 15 responsive patients, including 10 patients who received no adjuvant chemotherapy. Two patients with progressive disease at 9 and 16 weeks received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery and radiation. One of these patients relapsed at 35 months and the other is NED at 44 months. Four patients had stable disease and all received adjuvant chemotherapy; one patient relapsed at 25 months, and the reminder are NED at 44-52 months. Overall, 2 out of 21 patients with adequate follow-up had disease reoccurrence (9.5%) at a median follow-up of 45 months. Conclusion: Combination neoadjuvant therapy with letrozole and bevacizumab was well tolerated and resulted in impressive clinical and pathologic responses. Data suggest that patients having an objective response to neoadjuvant therapy had excellent 4 year disease-free survival (100%) while relapsed occurred in 2 out of 6 patients who failed to have an objective response despite additional neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. The Breast Cancer Translational Research Consortium has an ongoing randomized phase II trial of letrozole ± bevacizumab in this patient population. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-12-04.
FRI0558 Presentations and Clinical Outcomes of Patients Diagnosed with Pfapa
Authors: S.S. Kilic, D. Hafizoglu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> The periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is considered as a non-inherited autoinflammatory disease of unknown etiology. The most common clinical manifestations are high fever episodes with clockwork periodicity every 3 to 8 weeks and lasts for about 3 to 6 days, associated to pharyngitis, aphthous stomatitis, and cervical adenitis. <h3>Objectives</h3> We described the clinical and laboratory outcomes of 149 pediatric patients diagnosed with PFAPA. The clinical response to colchine was evaluated. <h3>Methods</h3> Hundered and fourty-nine patients [58 female (38,9%) and 91 male (61,1%)] with PFAPA Syndome who had been admitted to our outpatient clinic were included in this study. The following tests were applied at the onset of a febrile episode; complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP, Serum Amiloid A, Procalcitonin, serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) and FMF mutations (MEFV gene). <h3>Results</h3> Individual episodes of fever usually resolved with a single intramuscular 1 mg/kg dose of methyl prednisolone. The mean fever resolve duration during the febril episode was 1.64 hours. FMF gene was investigated in 109 and we determined heterozygot MEFV gene mutations in 19 of our patients (17%). Ten patients have a mutation heterozigot M694V, two patients have V726A heterozigot, one patient have a mutation E148O, five patients have a mutation M680I, one have a mutation K695R. At the onset of febril episodes the mean CRP value was 6.09±8.48 mg/dl (1-38), the mean Serum Amiloid A value was 240 mg/L (2,7-1900), Prokalsitonin values were negative. Our testing included at least a CBC at the onset of febril episodes (the mean WBC: 13150/mm<sup>3</sup>, range 4500-26.400 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>) with a preponderance of neutrophils. IgM levels were low in the 5 patients, IgA levels were low in the 6 patients and IgG levels were low 11 patients according to their healthy age matched controls. PFAPA patients had normal CRP and Procalsitonin levels between febril episodes. A total of 89 patients were treated with colchicine. The mean interval between episodes was statistically prolonged in patients who were on prophylactic colchicine therapy. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Both pediatricians and ENT specialist have to keep PFAPA Syndrome in their mind when they encounter with a patient with recurrent fever attacks before starting antibiotics. The colchicine treatment was found effective in decreasing the frequency of fever episodes. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1642
Abstract 2746: Thiazolidinediones augment anticancer effects of gemcitabine on human pancreatic cancer cells through PPARδ activation
Authors: Hironori Koga, Karuppaiyah Selvendiran, Ramadoss Sivakumar, Takafumi Yoshida, Takuji Torimura, Takato Ueno, Michio Sata
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract In order to improve the prognosis of patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer, there is an urgent need for enhancement of the anticancer effect of gemcitabine (Gem), a first-line drug for the disease. Here, we demonstrated that ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ≤ (PPARδ) such as pioglitazone (Pio) and rosiglitazone potentiated the cytotoxic action of Gem on human pancreatic cancer cells in a dosage-dependent manner. Notably, the synergistic effect was PPARδ-dependent, since the effect was augmented by PPARδ overexpression and was attenuated by both a PPARδ inhibitor (GW9662) and PPARδ-specific siRNA. To further increase the collaborative effect, the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproic acid (VPA), a known potentiator for PPARδ function, was added to the combinatorial treatment, robustly inducing apoptosis mediated by highly expressed death receptors, including Fas/CD95 and DR5. In xenograft tumor experiments in nude mice, Gem plus Pio significantly suppressed tumor growth as compared with the control treatment, while Gem-only treatment did not. Triple treatment with Gem, Pio, and VPA failed to demonstrate a significant antitumor effect when compared with Gem plus Pio in the current setting. Considered together, Gem plus PPARδ ligands, including Pio, may have therapeutic advantage in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer. Since Pio is widely used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, it may become a feasible partner of Gem-based chemotherapy, fine-tuning the strength of the therapy in a dosage-dependent fashion. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2746. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2746
Perianal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration
Authors: C. Linea, E. Sinagra, F. Gioia, C. Rimi
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

A 23-year-old man who was an illegal immigrant was admitted to our emergency unit, after a lengthy disembarkation process, with oliguria, constipation, vomiting, and abdominal pain. On admission, an abdominal ultrasound showed a bulky lesion (16 × 8 cm) that was not clearly separable from the rectum with an inhomogeneous echotexture containing multiple anechoic areas.