tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endocrine Abnormalities in Aging Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report From the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Sogol Mostoufi-Moab, Kristy Seidel, Wendy M. Leisenring, Gregory T. Armstrong, Kevin C. Oeffinger, Marilyn Stovall, Lillian R. Meacham, Daniel M. Green, Rita Weathers, Jill P. Ginsberg, Leslie L. Robison, Charles A. Sklar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

The development of endocrinopathies in survivors of childhood cancer as they age remains understudied. We characterized endocrine outcomes in aging survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study on the basis of therapeutic exposures.We analyzed self-reported conditions in 14,290 5-year survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, with a median age 6 years (range, < 1 to 20 years) at diagnosis and 32 years (range, 5 to 58 years) at last follow-up. Identification of high-risk therapeutic exposures was adopted from the Children's Oncology Group Long-Term Follow-Up Guidelines. Cumulative incidence curves and prevalence estimates quantified and regression models compared risks of primary hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid neoplasms, hypopituitarism, obesity, diabetes mellitus, or gonadal dysfunction between survivors and siblings.The cumulative incidence and prevalence of endocrine abnormalities increased across the lifespan of survivors (P < .01 for all). Risk was significantly higher in survivors exposed to high-risk therapies compared with survivors not so exposed for primary hypothyroidism (hazard ratio [HR], 6.6; 95% CI, 5.6 to 7.8), hyperthyroidism (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.8), thyroid nodules (HR, 6.3; 95% CI, 5.2 to 7.5), thyroid cancer (HR, 9.2; 95% CI, 6.2 to 13.7), growth hormone deficiency (HR, 5.3; 95% CI, 4.3 to 6.4), obesity (relative risk, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.7 to 2.0), and diabetes mellitus (relative risk, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.6 to 2.4). Women exposed to high-risk therapies had six-fold increased risk for premature ovarian insufficiency (P < .001), and men demonstrated higher prevalence of testosterone replacement (P < .001) after cyclophosphamide equivalent dose of 20 g/m(2) or greater or testicular irradiation with 20 Gy or greater. Survivors demonstrated an increased risk for all thyroid disorders and diabetes mellitus regardless of treatment exposures compared with siblings (P < .001 for all).Endocrinopathies in survivors increased substantially over time, underscoring the need for lifelong subspecialty follow-up of those at risk.
Pragmatic Trials in Maintenance Dialysis: Perspectives from the Kidney Health Initiative
Authors: Laura M. Dember, Patrick Archdeacon, Mahesh Krishnan, Eduardo Lacson, Shari M. Ling, Prabir Roy-Chaudhury, Kimberly A. Smith, Michael F. Flessner
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2016)

Pragmatic clinical trials are conducted under the real-world conditions of clinical care delivery. As a result, these trials yield findings that are highly generalizable to the nonresearch setting, identify interventions that are readily translatable into clinical practice, and cost less than trials that require extensive research infrastructures. Maintenance dialysis is a setting especially well suited for pragmatic trials because of inherently frequent and predictable patient encounters, highly granular and uniform data collection, use of electronic data systems, and delivery of care by a small number of provider organizations to approximately 90% of patients nationally. Recognizing the potential for pragmatic trials to generate much needed evidence to guide the care of patients receiving maintenance dialysis, the Kidney Health Initiative assembled a group of individuals with relevant expertise from academia, industry, and government to provide the nephrology community with information about the design and conduct of such trials, with a specific focus on the dialysis setting. Here, we review this information, and where applicable, use experience from the ongoing Time to Reduce Mortality in End Stage Renal Disease Trial, a large cluster-randomized, pragmatic trial evaluating hemodialysis session duration, to illustrate challenges and solutions to operational, ethical, and regulatory issues.
PD5-2-5: Local therapy of primary diseae improves survival in non-small cell lung cancer metastatic to a single organ - a lesson from brain metastases
Authors: Yun W. Oh, Jae H. Lee, Sarah H. Taylor, Lei Feng, Benjamin N. Bekele, Pamela K. Allen, Dima Suki, Ritsuko Komaki, Daniel D. Karp, David J. Stewart
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Meat inspection for Trichinella in pork, horsemeat and game within the EU: available technology and its present implementation
Authors: P Webster, C Maddox-Hyttel, K Nöckler, A Malakauskas, J van der Giessen, E Pozio, P Boireau, C M O Kapel
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2006)

A new EU directive relating to meat inspection for Trichinella, expected to come into force in 2006, imposes important modifications to current legislation. Nevertheless, several issues need more attention. Optimisation of methods, especially concerning sensitivity and digestibility of the meat to be inspected, along with further simplification of the legislation with regard to the number of techniques accepted, is recommended to guarantee that all member states of the EU will be given tools to perform inspection of consumer meat at the same high level. Additionally, there is a need for guidelines and protocols regarding optimal proficiency testing procedures.
Case 49-1971
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. McNeely, Edwin P. Maynard, Austin L. Vickery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 40-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of hematemesis.For several years he had experienced occasional belching and an epigastric "empty feeling" associated with nausea after the ingestion of fatty foods. On the morning of admission he abruptly vomited large quantities of coffee-grounds material, accompanied by weakness, dizziness and sweating, and was brought to the hospital.The temperature was 36.6°C, the pulse 96, and the respirations 20. The blood pressure was 115 systolic, 90 diastolic.Physical examination revealed a robust man who appeared pale. No lymph nodes were palpable, and the lungs, heart . . .
Dietary Weight Loss and Exercise Effects on Serum Biomarkers of Angiogenesis in Overweight Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Catherine Duggan, Jean de Dieu Tapsoba, Ching-Yun Wang, Anne McTiernan
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Obese and sedentary persons have an increased risk for cancer, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Angiogenesis is common to adipose tissue formation and remodeling, and to tumor vascularization. A total of 439 overweight/obese, healthy, postmenopausal women [body mass index (BMI) &amp;gt; 25 kg/m2] ages 50–75 years, recruited between 2005 and 2008 were randomized to a 4-arm 12-month randomized controlled trial, comparing a caloric restriction diet arm (goal: 10% weight loss, N = 118), aerobic exercise arm (225 minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous activity, N = 117), a combined diet + exercise arm (N = 117), or control (N = 87) on circulating levels of angiogenic biomarkers. VEGF, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) were measured by immunoassay at baseline and 12 months. Changes were compared using generalized estimating equations, adjusting for baseline BMI, age, and race/ethnicity. Participants randomized to the diet + exercise arms had statistically significantly greater reductions in PAI-1 at 12 months compared with controls (−19.3% vs. +3.48%, respectively, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Participants randomized to the diet and diet + exercise arms had statistically significantly greater reductions in PEDF (−9.20%, −9.90%, respectively, both P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and VEGF (−8.25%, P = 0.0005; −9.98%, P &amp;lt; 0.0001, respectively) compared with controls. There were no differences in any of the analytes in participants randomized to the exercise arm compared with controls. Increasing weight loss was statistically significantly associated with linear trends of greater reductions in PAI-1, PEDF, and VEGF. Weight loss is significantly associated with reduced circulating VEGF, PEDF, and PAI-1, and could provide incentive for reducing weight as a cancer prevention method in overweight and obese individuals. Cancer Res; 76(14); 4226–35. ©2016 AACR.
P-115 Weight loss during 1st-line chemotherapy for upper gastrointestinal malignancies (UGI) may impact survival and access to further treatment lines
Authors: G. Oikonomopoulos, S. Payne, S. Ngan, S. Chowdhury, M. Hession, D. Sarker, P. Ross, N. Maisey
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Efficacy and Safety of Nilotinib (NIL) vs Imatinib (IM) in Patients (pts) With Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Chronic Phase (CML-CP): Long-Term Follow-Up (f/u) of ENESTnd
Authors: Richard A. Larson, Dong-Wook Kim, Surapol Issaragrilsil, Philipp le Coutre, Pedro Enrique Dorlhiac Llacer, Gabriel Etienne, Richard E. Clark, Ian Flinn, Hirohisa Nakamae, Andreas Hochhaus, Giuseppe Saglio, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Breanne Donohue, Weiping Deng, Hans D. Menssen, Timothy P. Hughes
Journal: Blood (2014)
Blood Lead Levels Among Children Aged &lt;6 Years — Flint, Michigan, 2013–2016
Authors: Chinaro Kennedy, Ellen Yard, Timothy Dignam, Sharunda Buchanan, Suzanne Condon, Mary Jean Brown, Jaime Raymond, Helen Schurz Rogers, John Sarisky, Rey de Castro, Ileana Arias, Patrick Breysse
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

During April 25, 2014-October 15, 2015, approximately 99,000 residents of Flint, Michigan, were affected by changes in drinking water quality after their water source was switched from the Detroit Water Authority (DWA), sourced from Lake Huron, to the Flint Water System (FWS), sourced from the Flint River.* Because corrosion control was not used at the FWS water treatment plant, the levels of lead in Flint tap water increased over time. Adverse health effects are associated with lead exposure (1). On January 2, 2015, a water advisory was issued because of detection of high levels of trihalomethanes, byproducts of disinfectants.(†)(,)(§) Studies conducted by local and national investigators detected an increase in the prevalence of blood lead levels (BLLs) ≥5 µg/dL (the CDC reference level) among children aged <5 years living in Flint (2) and an increase in water lead levels after the water source switch (3). On October 16, 2015, the Flint water source was switched back to DWA, and residents were instructed to use filtered tap water for cooking and drinking. During that time, pregnant and breastfeeding women and children aged <6 years were advised to consume bottled water.(¶) To assess the impact on BLLs of consuming contaminated drinking water, CDC examined the distribution of BLLs ≥5 µg/dL among children aged <6 years before, during, and after the switch in water source. This analysis enabled determination of whether the odds of having BLLs ≥5 µg/dL before the switch differed from the odds during the switch to FWS (before and after the January 2, 2015, water advisory was issued), and after the switch back to DWA. Overall, among 9,422 blood lead tests in children aged <6 years, 284 (3.0%) BLLs were ≥5 µg/dL during April 25, 2013-March 16, 2016. The adjusted probability of having BLLs ≥5 µg/dL was 46% higher during the period after the switch from DWA to FWS (and before the January 2, 2015, water advisory) than during the period before the water switch to FWS. Although unrelated to lead in the water, the water advisory likely reduced tap water consumption and increased consumption of bottled water. Characterizing exposure to lead contaminated drinking water among children aged <6 years living in Flint can help guide appropriate interventions.
Sentinel surveillance of HIV infection in HIV test clinics, Spain 1992-2002
Authors: A Barrasa, J Castilla, J del Romero, I Pueyo, C de Armas, J A Varela, J M Ureña, F J Bru, J R Ordoñana, L M Sáez de Vicuña
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2004)

HIV infection in Spain was monitored in persons undergoing voluntary HIV testing in ten sentinel clinics between 1992 and 2002. Only patients on their first visit were considered for inclusion, and their numbers rose from 4426 in 1992 to 6649 in 2002. Most of them recognised their risk exposure as heterosexual. The proportion of injecting drug users decreased from 19% to 2% of the study population, and the proportion of female sex workers increased from 6% to 26%. The number of patients diagnosed with HIV infection declined from 604 in 1992 to 153 in 2002, and HIV prevalence fell from 13.6% to 2.3% in the same period. In all risk exposure categories, a decrease in HIV prevalence was observed, more pronounced during the first few years and stabilised in the later years. In 2002, the highest HIV prevalence was found in injecting drug users (IDUs) (14.2%), homo/bisexual men (7.5%) and individuals who had an HIV infected heterosexual partner (10.2%).
Variability of the In Vitro Sensitivity of Human Leukemic Lymphocytes to X Rays and Chemotherapeutic Agents2
Authors: Robert Schrek, Irving A. Friedman, Stanley L. Leithold
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1958)

Journal Article Variability of the In Vitro Sensitivity of Human Leukemic Lymphocytes to X Rays and Chemotherapeutic Agents Get access Robert Schrek, Robert Schrek Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Irving A. Friedman, Irving A. Friedman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stanley L. Leithold Stanley L. Leithold Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 20, Issue 6, June 1958, Pages 1037–1050, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/20.6.1037 Published: 01 June 1958 Article history Received: 17 October 1957 Published: 01 June 1958
Ethical and legal issues related to health access for migrant populations in the Euro-Mediterranean Area
Authors: E Negro Calduch, A Diaz, M Diez, Collective for the project "Impact of migratio
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

The Institut National d&apos;Hygiène (Morocco) and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain) are involved as a consortium in a project called ""Impact of migration on HIV and TB Epidemiology in the Mediterranean Area"", funded by the Sixth Framework Programme for research of the European Commission. The project started in May 2007 and is intended as a specific support action to promote international research cooperation in the Euro-Mediterranean area. In particular, its objective is to improve the capacity of the countries around the Mediterranean Basin for obtaining quality epidemiological information on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) among migrants, while taking into consideration ethical and legal issues related to health in migrant populations. To this end, the project proposed to hold two workshops to bring together all the relevant stakeholders: delegates of international and national non-governmental organisations (NGOs) concerned with the process, experts and health professionals, researchers, representatives of the United Nations Agencies and other decision makers. .
Breast cancer screening with tomosynthesis (3D mammography) with acquired or synthetic 2D mammography compared with 2D mammography alone (STORM-2): a population-based prospective study
Authors: Daniela Bernardi, Petra Macaskill, Marco Pellegrini, Marvi Valentini, Carmine Fantò, Livio Ostillio, Paolina Tuttobene, Andrea Luparia, Nehmat Houssami
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2016)
Why drug approval needs better evidence
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2016)

It’s good to see new NICE guidance on major trauma. Our summary of it (doi:10.1136/bmj.i3051) focuses on assessment of patients with major trauma and management of patients who are actively bleeding. It carries some new take home messages: avoid preliminary imaging when patients need immediate computed tomography; allow “permissive hypotension” in patients who are actively bleeding; and use blood rather than crystalloids or colloids.

The evidence base for managing trauma hasn’t always been good and in some areas …
Itaconate Links Inhibition of Succinate Dehydrogenase with Macrophage Metabolic Remodeling and Regulation of Inflammation
Authors: Vicky Lampropoulou, Alexey Sergushichev, Monika Bambouskova, Sharmila Nair, Emma E. Vincent, Ekaterina Loginicheva, Luisa Cervantes-Barragan, Xiucui Ma, Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang, Takla Griss, Carla J. Weinheimer, Shabaana Khader, Gwendalyn J. Randolph, Edward J. Pearce, Russell G. Jones, Abhinav Diwan, Michael S. Diamond, Maxim N. Artyomov
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2016)
Proton Pump Inhibitors and Dementia Incidence
Authors: David Louis Keller
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Abstract 2342: Characterization of inflammatory markers and mast cells in association with prostate cancer
Authors: Heidi Hempel, Ibrahim Kulac, Nathan S. Cuka, Toby C. Cornish, Elizabeth A. Platz, Angelo M. DeMarzo, Karen S. Sfanos
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Evidence suggests that there is a strong association between chronic inflammation and prostate cancer development and/or progression. While chronic inflammation is known to serve as an “enabling characteristic” in many cancers, the mechanism whereby it contributes to carcinogenesis and progression is still very controversial. This is particularly true for cells of the innate immune system, such as mast cells, that have been shown to possess both pro- and anti-tumor properties. The role of mast cells in prostate cancer is of particular interest, as evidence suggests that they influence cancer progression and immune modulation. The current study seeks to characterize mast cell density and mast cell-to-epithelial ratio in relation to prostate cancer recurrence using a unique set of tissue microarrays (TMAs) from a case-control study nested in a cohort of prostate cancer patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. These studies are aided by novel digital image analysis using a software framework integrating whole slide imaging, virtual microscopy, and ImageJ based analysis algorithms. Our preliminary results, obtained via analysis of a prostate cancer TMA containing matched cancer and benign tissues from 727 cases of radical prostatectomy patients, correlated with the literature in that the mast cell density (mast cell number/total tissue area) was significantly higher in cancer versus benign (p = 0.0016). We will expanded this study to determine if mast cell number correlates with epithelial area in the same cohort and to examine mast cell density in correlation to the presence, grade, or progression of prostate cancer. Furthermore, we will be examining this in a large full tissue slide cohort in relation to Gleason grade and stage. Finally, we are expanding this study to explore a possible role for mast cells in the racial disparity in prostate cancer incidence and prognosis. Citation Format: Heidi Hempel, Ibrahim Kulac, Nathan S. Cuka, Toby C. Cornish, Elizabeth A. Platz, Angelo M. DeMarzo, Karen S. Sfanos. Characterization of inflammatory markers and mast cells in association with prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2342. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2342
Phase II pharmacodynamic trial of palbociclib in patients with KRAS mutant colorectal cancer.
Authors: Mark H. O'Hara, Christine Edmonds, Michael Farwell, Rodolfo F. Perini, Daniel A. Pryma, Ursina R. Teitelbaum, Bruce J. Giantonio, Nevena Damjanov, Priti Lal, Michael D Feldman, Paul J. Zhang, David A. Mankoff, Maryann Gallagher, Angela DeMichele, David J. Vaughn, Peter J. O'Dwyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

626 Background: Cell cycle dysregulation is a hallmark of most cancers. At the G1/S transition, cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and CDK 6 proteins associate with cyclin D proteins to allow cell cycle progression. Tumor cells that are driven by abnormalities of the cell cycle through activation of the cdk4/6-cyclin D axis showed increased phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (Rb), the major substrate for CDKs at the G1/S transition. Palbociclib is a potent specific inhibitor of cdk 4/6, with preclinical data showing G1 arrest in Rb-positive cells. Since activation of the MAP kinase pathway impacts directly on cdk-cyclin activation, we performed a phase II trial of palbociclib in patients with metastatic, KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer (mCRC). Methods: We screened 36 patients with KRAS mutant mCRC for Rb expression and 35 (97%) were Rb positive. We enrolled 15 patients, 9 (60%) of which were male and 6 (40%) female, median age was 62, 10 (67%) colon, 4 (27%) rectal (27%) rectal, and 1 (7%) appendiceal malignancy. Patients received 125mg daily of palbociclib for 21 days of a 28-day cycle, the recommended phase II dose. Results: Six patients (33%) experienced grade 3 neutropenia, 1 patient had grade 3 neutropenic fever (6%), and 2 patients (11%) had grade 3 AST/ALT elevation. There were no responses, but 5 patients (33%) had stable disease by RECIST criteria after 2 cycles of treatment, and 1 patient had stable disease for 8 cycles. The median number of cycles was two. As a pharmacodynamic marker of activity, 9 patients underwent FLT-PET at baseline and after 1 cycle of therapy. FLT-PET uses the tracer 3’-deoxy-3’[ 18 F]-fluorothymidine, uptake of which is proportional to cellular proliferation. Six of the 9 patients (67%) had a decrease in uptake in target lesions, with an average 20% decrease in uptake in target lesions. FLT uptake in the bone marrow decreased by an average 4.85% and this correlated with a decrease in absolute neutrophil count of 62.3% (r 2 0.59). Conclusions: While palbociclib has limited activity in KRAS mutant mCRC as a single agent, there is a clear pharmacodynamic effect as determined by FLT-PET imaging. Given the limited toxicity profile, combinations with non-myelosuppressive agents hold great promise. Clinical trial information: NCT01037790.