tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Sustained-Release Bupropion and Placebo for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Richard D. Hurt, David P.L. Sachs, Elbert D. Glover, Kenneth P. Offord, J. Andrew Johnston, Lowell C. Dale, Moise A. Khayrallah, Darrell R. Schroeder, Penny N. Glover, C. Rollynn Sullivan, Ivana T. Croghan, Pamela M. Sullivan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Trials of antidepressant medications for smoking cessation have had mixed results. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a sustained-release form of bupropion for smoking cessation. We excluded smokers with current depression, but not those with a history of major depression. The 615 subjects were randomly assigned to receive placebo or bupropion at a dose of 100, 150, or 300 mg per day for seven weeks. The target quitting date (or "target quit date") was one week after the beginning of treatment. Brief counseling was provided at base line, weekly during treatment, and at 8, 12, 26, and 52 weeks. Self-reported abstinence was confirmed by a carbon monoxide concentration in expired air of 10 ppm or less.At the end of seven weeks of treatment, the rates of smoking cessation as confirmed by carbon monoxide measurements were 19.0 percent in the placebo group, 28.8 percent in the 100-mg group, 38.6 percent in the 150-mg group, and 44.2 percent in the 300-mg group (P<0.001). At one year the respective rates were 12.4 percent, 19.6 percent, 22.9 percent, and 23.1 percent. The rates for the 150-mg group (P=0.02) and the 300-mg group (P=0.01) -- but not the 100-mg group (P=0.09) -- were significantly better than those for the placebo group. Among the subjects who were continuously abstinent through the end of treatment, the mean absolute weight gain was inversely associated with the dose (a gain of 2.9 kg in the placebo group, 2.3 kg in 100-mg and 150-mg groups, and 1.5 kg in the 300-mg group; P= 0.02). No effects of treatment were observed on depression scores as measured serially by the Beck Depression Inventory. Thirty-seven subjects stopped treatment prematurely because of adverse events; the frequency was similar among all groups.A sustained-release form of bupropion was effective for smoking cessation and was accompanied by reduced weight gain and minimal side effects. Many participants in all groups were smoking at one year.
Abstract 5232: Lymphovascular breast carcinoma tumoral emboli beget emboli through stem-cell initiated self-budding histogenesis
Authors: Sanford H. Barsky, Yin Ye, Joseph D. Tellez, Meagan Belcher
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Previous studies in our laboratory have indicated that the lymphovascular embolus is not simply a cellular fragment that detaches from the main tumor passively but represents an active clonal selection for a stem cell phenotype exhibiting enhanced stem cell signaling and survival pathways. Lymphovascular emboli exhibit increased resistance to chemotherapy and patients with large numbers of lymphovascular emboli exhibit decreased disease-free survival and poorer prognosis. Florid lymphovascular emboli is the diagnostic signature of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) and other aggressive metastasizing cancers. The emboli have been presumed to form as a result of lymphovascular invasion but this event is thought to be rare and therefore would not alone explain the large number of emboli observed in IBC and other highly metastatic carcinomas. The reasons why some patients exhibit large numbers of lymphovascular emboli whereas other patients exhibit only rare numbers remain unknown. We wanted to specifically address this question and thus carried out both animal and in vitro imaging studies with our human xenograft model of inflammatory breast cancer, MARY-X, which exhibits florid emboli in mice and gives rise to high density spheroids in vitro. We also carried out morphometric studies on the density of human lymphovascular emboli in 25 IBC and 250 non-IBC cases and subsequent laser capture microdissection. Animal and in vitro multicolor imaging studies using anti-E-cadherin and anti-podoplanin showed evidence of self-budding histogenesis within the lymphovascular spaces with one parent embolus giving rise to daughter emboli. Correspondingly, budding spheroidgenesis was observed in vitro. Density studies of tumoral emboli in the human cases showed their numbers distributed over an exponential rather than linear range. By both RT-PCR and IHC, emboli compared to their non-embolic invasive carcinoma areas exhibited five-ten fold higher stem cell markers including Stellar, H19, Rex-1, Nestin, CD133 and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) as well as stem cell transcriptional determinants including OCT4, SOX2 and Nanog, and stem cell signaling pathways, eg., Bmi-1, Hedgehog and Notch3. These studies, while not explaining the genesis of the initial embolus, show conclusively that emboli beget emboli through stem-cell initiated self-budding histogenesis. It is this later process which is the more important one because it accounts for the exponential numbers of emboli seen in the human cases which exhibit aggressive behavior. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5232. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5232
The Guillain–Barre Syndrome: Report of a Case Treated with ACTH and Cortisone
Authors: J. Sydney Stillman, William F. Ganong
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE syndrome of diffuse peripheral neuropathy associated with albuminocytologic dissociation in the spinal fluid has received considerable attention in both American and European literature. The great variety of descriptive terms applied to the condition, — infectious neuronitis, radiculomyelitis, polyneuritis with facial diplegia and acute febrile polyneuritis, to mention a few, — reflects the confusion about the nature and limits of the entity. Until our fundamental knowledge about the process increases, the confusion is probably less compounded by continuing to identify the syndrome by the names of Guillain and Barré.Most authors agree, however, that usually after a respiratory or other . . .
Gene Therapy Advances Slowly Into the Clinic
Authors: S. Jenks
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Gene Therapy Advances Slowly Into the Clinic Get access Susan Jenks Susan Jenks Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 15, 4 August 1993, Pages 1186–1188, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.15.1186 Published: 04 August 1993
Scientists Adapt To Loss of Mice At Jackson Lab
Authors: E. Blume
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Scientists Adapt To Loss of Mice At Jackson Lab Get access Elaine Blume Elaine Blume Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 14, 19 July 1989, Pages 1052–1053, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.14.1052 Published: 19 July 1989
Glamour/Hanes Kick Off National Breast Health Campaign
Authors: C. K. Wittenberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Glamour /Hanes Kick Off National Breast Health Campaign Get access Clarissa K. Wittenberg Clarissa K. Wittenberg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 19, 7 October 1992, Pages 1472–1473, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.19.1472 Published: 07 October 1992
Serendipitous Detection of a Horseshoe Kidney During Routine Bone Scan
Authors: SANJEEV BAGGA, WILLIAM JOHNS, SHIV M. GUPTA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

A 35-year-old woman had right hip pain of 1 week duration with no history of trauma. An abdominal x-ray demonstrated an osteolytic lesion in the right iliac bone. A three-phase bone scan was performed and demonstrated the presence of a horseshoe kidney on blood flow and pool images. Delayed views showed activity in the region of the right sacroiliac joint, which dissipated on postvoid images consistent with activity in the renal collecting system of the low-lying horseshoe kidney rather than a true bone lesion. An abdominal ultrasound confirmed the presence of a horseshoe kidney. The above case illustrates the necessity to be aware of anomalies during interpretation of routine nuclear medicine studies.
Anwar Akhtar Brian Douglas Bower Timothy David Brentnall Michael Patrick Gogan Ian James Gordon Joseph Grech Michael Gurnell Green John Bridge Lilly Rukhsana Majeed Douglas Fraser Nicholson Donald Reginald Pratt Trevor Bleddyn Lloyd Roberts Sydney Rosehill Charles Michael Casterton Smelt Kenneth Carl Pfeiffer Smith William Arthur Leigh Tucker Guy Wilson Madhav Wipat Anne Christine Wright
Authors: A. Douglas, A. Wilkinson, A. Brentnall, D. Hunter, N. S I Gordon, L J German, G Sechiari, P. Creighton, N. E MacLean, D. G Nicholson, M J Mellor, P Pratt, A. Rubin, E Sturdy, G J C Smelt, D F Early, M. G L Tucker, M. Wells, S. Verma, A. Bernstein
Journal: BMJ (1999)
Screening Mammography and Age Recommendations
Authors: Linda Moy
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
NI-05 * IMMEDIATE POST-RESECTION PERICAVITARIAN DWI HYPERINTENSITY IN GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS IS PREDICTIVE OF PATIENT OUTCOME
Authors: A. Amer, P. Zinn, R. Colen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Some investigators studied the impact of postoperative infarction, infection and surgical complications on Glioblastoma patient survival using Magnetic Resonance Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (MR-DWI). We attempt to investigate the prognostic role of postoperative DWI hyperintensity in patients with GBM. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We obtained immediate postoperative (24-72 hours post resection) brain MRI images of 60 GBM patients from our institution's imaging archive and The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). Using 3D Slicer 4.3.1 (http://www.slicer.org) 2 trained neuroradiologists experienced in tumor volumetry segmented residual enhancement on post-contrast T1 Weighted Imaging (T1WI) and pericavitarian edema/invasion on T2 FLAIR sequence. Segmentation maps were then overlaid over Diffusion Weighted Images (DWI) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) maps. ADC values around resection cavity were obtained. We stratified patients into two categories; facilitated diffusion group and restricted diffusion group. We included different variables in our analysis such as, age, gender, preoperative KPS status, tumor location, preoperative volumetric analysis and post operative volumetric data (quantitative evaluation of extent of resection). We used Kaplan Meier curves for survival analysis after adjustment for potential confounding factors, such as age, tumor location and extent of resection. RESULTS: We created a new non-invasive imaging biomarker that can predict patient outcome in immediate postoperative setting. CONCLUSION: DWI radiophenotypes and ADC map values can be used as a non-invasive prognostic tool for patient overall survival and progression-free survival.
A Multicenter Trial of Two Dexamethasone Regimens in Ventilator-Dependent Premature Infants
Authors: Lu-Ann Papile, Jon E. Tyson, Barbara J. Stoll, Linda L. Wright, Edward F. Donovan, Charles R. Bauer, Heidi Krause-Steinrauf, Joel Verter, Sheldon B. Korones, James A. Lemons, Avroy A. Fanaroff, David K. Stevenson, William Oh, Richard A. Ehrenkranz, Seetha Shankaran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Ventilator-dependent premature infants are often treated with dexamethasone. However, the optimal timing of therapy is unknown.
Evaluation of a Traumatic Spleen Laceration With Spontaneous Regression by Selective Spleen Scintigraphy
Authors: Özlem N. Küçük, Sinan S. Gültekin, Gülseren Aras
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

The spleen is the most frequently injured organ after blunt trauma to the abdomen. The blunt abdominal trauma can be treated successfully with a nonoperative approach, but it is particularly important in young children owing to the increased risk of overwhelming sepsis and death after splenectomy.1–4 Patients with hemodynamicaly stable splenic injuries after blunt trauma are followed up by several imaging modalities, which are computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography (USG), and spleen scintigraphy.5–7 The authors describe a 4-year-old boy who was admitted to the emergency service after a traffic accident.
Abstract 256: Downregulation of Pim-3 kinase inhibits cell growth and chemosensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine
Authors: Dapeng Xu, Lily Gavilano, Sam M. Witherspoon, Brian Bednarski, Hongjin Kim, Albert S. Baldwin, Antonio T. Baines
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common cancer of the pancreas, comprising over 85% of all cases. PDAC has a relative 1-year survival rate of 24% and a 5-year survival rate of 5%. Recent clinical studies indicate that patients with advanced pancreatic cancer show a 12% tumor response rate after treatment with the chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine. Even in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents such as erlotinib, survival rates are only increased by a few weeks. Past studies have shown that members of the oncogenic Pim kinase family are aberrantly expressed in a variety of solid tumors, including prostate and pancreatic cancers. Most recently, Pim kinase has been correlated with chemoresistance in prostate cancer cells. Our study aimed to investigate the role of Pim-3 kinase in the chemoresistance of PDAC cancer cells to gemcitabine. We hypothesize that inhibition of Pim-3 will decrease cell growth and sensitize PDAC cells to gemcitabine treatment. Initially, we confirmed by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis that Pim-3 is aberrantly expressed in PDAC tissues and cell lines, respectively. We found that inhibition of Pim-3 expression by shRNA decreased PDAC cell growth and resulted in an accumulation of cells in G1 or S phase of the cell cycle. Additionally, we demonstrated that PDAC cells expressing Pim-3 shRNA had increased apoptosis after gemcitabine treatment compared to controls. To determine a possible mechanism for this resensitization of PDAC cells to gemcitabine, we measured multidrug resistance (MDR)1 activity in the Pim-3 shRNA cells. We found that inhibition of Pim-3 protein expression in PDAC cells promoted gemcitabine sensitivity, in part, by lowering MDR1 activity. Our results suggest that downregulation of Pim-3 potentiates the efficacy of gemcitabine in combating pancreatic cancer. These findings support the idea that inhibiting Pim kinases, in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, could play an important role in pancreatic cancer treatment by targeting the clinical problem of chemoresistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 256. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-256
Case 5-1996
Authors: J.J. Collins, M.R. Pins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Presentation of CaseA 25-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of persistent chest pain and dyspnea after an injury.The patient had been well until one week earlier, when a bale of newspapers weighing an estimated 900 kg fell on his chest. He was seen at another hospital, where plain chest radiographs were normal. On the following day mild dyspnea and chest pain developed, with pain in the right upper abdomen and vomiting. He returned to the same hospital, and erythromycin was prescribed, without benefit. Computed tomographic (CT) scans of the chest (Figure 1) and abdomen showed a . . .
Abstract 1254: FAK activity regulates αvβ5 integrin and osteopontin expression to control breast and ovarian cancer anchorage-independent growth
Authors: Isabelle Tancioni, Christine Lawson, Nichol L.G. Miller, Sean Uryu, Christine Jean, Xiao L. Chen, Ssang-Taek Lim, Kristy Ward, David D. Schlaepfer
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that controls cell motility and survival downstream of integrin receptors. FAK expression and activity are elevated during breast and ovarian cancer progression and this is associated with a poor clinical prognosis. Small molecule FAK inhibitors (FAK-I) block breast and ovarian tumor progression through a novel mechanism that is associated with the apoptosis under anchorage-deprived conditions. Metastatic cells can grow as anchorage-independent spheroids and we hypothesize that a spheroid micro-environment remains dependent on integrin- and FAK-associated signaling for survival. Here we show that intraperitoneal (ip) injection of murine ID8 ovarian carcinoma cells into mice, recovery of ascites-associated tumor cells (ID8ip) and growth ex vivo, yielded tumor cells with elevated levels of phosphorylated FAK (Y397 and Y576 phosphorylation), αvβ5 integrin, and osteopontin (OPN) matrix protein expression compared to parental ID8 cells. Analyses of paraffin-embedded breast and ovarian tumor sections revealed significantly higher pY397 FAK (p&amp;lt;0.05), β5 integrin (p&amp;lt;0.0001), and OPN expression (p&amp;lt;0.005) in stage II-III compared to stage I tumors. Treatment of ovarian ID8ip, human ovarian HEY carcinoma, or human MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells with FAK-I inhibited cell growth, prevented FAK Y397 phosphorylation, reduced β5 integrin and OPN levels independent of effects on β1 or β3 integrins or changes in matrix proteins such as fibronectin. FAK-I impairs anchorage independent cell growth and orthotopic tumor growth but not growth of cells in plastic-adherent cell culture. Stable knockdown of either FAK or β5 integrin in HEY cells prevented anchorage-independent growth. Re-expression of wildtype or kinase-dead FAK within HEY cells verified the importance of FAK activity in promoting β5 integrin and OPN expression associated with enhanced tumor growth. Ongoing studies are focused on determining the molecular connections of FAK to the regulation of αvβ5 and OPN expression. Together, our studies support a novel role for a signaling loop involving OPN and αvβ5 integrin leading to FAK activation and reinforcement of OPN and β5 integrin expression within the spheroid and tumor micro-environment enhancing breast and ovarian cancer cell survival and tumor progression. Supported by Susan G. Komen for the Cure (KG111237) and NIH grant CA102310 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1254. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1254
¿ES FACTIBLE SUBIR EL UMBRAL DE POSITIVIDAD DEL TEST DE SANGRE OCULTA EN HECES INMUNOLÓGICO (SOHi) DE 100 A 150 mcg Hb/mg?
Authors: A Castellot Martín, JM Marrero Monroy, M Lorente Arencibia, C Sánchez Vilar, L Betancor Hernandez, A Cruz Bonilla, A González Almeida, A Sierra Hernández
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Introducción: El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es un importante problema de Salud. Los programas de cribado son eficaces y se están implantando en varias Comunidades Autónomas. En nuestro medio se usa el test de sangre oculta en heces (SOH), método cuantitativo, considerando positivo a aquellos con resultado > 100mcg Hb/mg. Objetivo: Evaluar si se puede aumentar el umbral de positividad del test de SOH a 150mcg Hb/mg. Material y Método: Estudio retrospectivo de las exploraciones realizadas dentro del estudio piloto del programa de cribado CCR del Servicio Canario de Salud del Area Sur de Gran Canaria, incluyendo a los pacientes con valores de SOH entre 100 y 150. Resultados: 130 pacientes presentaron SOH < 150. Estos pacientes fueron clasificados como Cáncer (pT1 o mayor) en un caso (0,7%), Adenoma de Alto Riesgo (AAR) en 50 (38%), Adenoma de Bajo Riesgo (ABR) 30 (20%) y Normal 23 (17%). Conclusiones: No se recomienda aumentar el punto de corte de positividad del test de SOH en nuestro medio.
CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE T1 MAPPING FOR QUANTIFICATION OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX - VALIDATION BY MYOCARDIAL BIOPSY
Authors: Andreas Anselm Kammerlander, Caroline Tufaro, Alina Bachmann, Beatrice Marzluf, Stefan Aschauer, Andreas Greiser, Diana Bonderman, Julia Mascherbauer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Decline in the Risk of Myocardial Infarction among Women Who Stop Smoking
Authors: Lynn Rosenberg, Julie R. Palmer, Samuel Shapiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

To assess the relation of smoking cessation to the risk of a first myocardial infarction in women, we compared the smoking habits of 910 patients who had had their first myocardial infarction with those of 2375 controls in a hospital-based case–control study of women from 25 to 64 years of age.