tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P114 C-reactive protein at onset predicts symptom resolution in acute exacerbations of COPD
Authors: A. J. Mackay, G. C. Donaldson, A. R. C. Patel, J. R. Hurst, J. A. Wedzicha
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may not recover swiftly from exacerbations. In 23% of patients, symptoms do not recover within 35 days.1 It would be valuable for clinicians to have a systemic biomarker that taken at initial consultation for an exacerbation could predict exacerbation length. We hypothesised that inflammation, measured by serum C-reactive protein (CRP) predicts the time to symptomatic resolution. <h3>Methods</h3> We analysed daily diary cards prospectively collected from the London COPD cohort between October 1995 and January 2010. All patients had an FEV<sub>1</sub>≤80% predicted and an FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC ratio ≤70%. An exacerbation was defined as an increase for 2 consecutive days in respiratory symptoms, with at least one major symptom (dyspnoea, sputum purulence or volume) plus another major or minor symptom (wheeze, cold sore throat and cough). Exacerbations were separated by five symptom free days. Patients were assessed and sampled at clinic visits within a median of 2 days of exacerbation onset. Exacerbation length was defined as the number of days from onset that increased airway symptoms were still recorded, and resolution time was defined as the time from clinic assessment to symptom cessation. <h3>Results</h3> 268 patients with ≥365 days of diary card data experienced at least one exacerbation. Median baseline CRP was 4 mg/l. CRP at onset was available for 172 recovered exacerbations (Abstract P114 Figure 1). Mean age was 68.0 years (SD 8.3), with mean FEV<sub>1</sub> 1.11 l (0.45), FEV<sub>1</sub> predicted 44.6% (16.2). Patients with a CRP&lt;4 mg/l at initial clinic review had a significantly shorter resolution time than patients with CRP≥4 mg/l, median 6 (IQR 3-11; n=46) vs 10 (5–23; n=126) days, p=0.0017. Cox proportional hazard risk models with adjustment for repeated measures showed that CRP predicted both exacerbation length (p=0.039) and resolution time (p=0.029). <h3>Conclusions</h3> COPD exacerbations can occur without an elevated systemic inflammatory response. These events are associated with a short resolution time. Thus, using CRP as a biomarker, it may be possible to identify patients that have a short recovery period and potentially may not require systemic treatment for their exacerbation.
ABNORMAL CARDIAC SYMPATHETIC ACTIVITY DETECTED BY 123-I-META-IODOBENZYLGUANIDINE IMAGING IN WOMEN WITH SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ISCHEMIA AND NO OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Puja K. Mehta, Michael Nelson, Louise Thomson, John Friedman, Sean Hayes, David Hermel, Piotr Slomka, Amanda Swift, Janet Wei, Galen Cook-Wiens, Samira Sayari, Michael R. Irwin, David Krantz, Mark Travin, Daniel Berman, C. Noel Bairey Merz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Ventricular Strain and Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: David Littmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

WHEN medical terminology was less precise the expression "strained heart" was employed at times to describe obscurely but ominously diseased hearts. This diagnosis is no longer made, but currently the terms heart strain and ventricular strain are occasionally used to identify electrocardiographic patterns encountered in various types of heart disease.1 The dictionary defines strain as "the hurt or injury from excessive tension or use, as of muscles, nerves and organs; deformation or distortion due to stress or force; stretched beyond its proper limits." Stress is "the force, pressure or influence impinging upon or acting against the member or organ under . . .
Adverse Effect of Cytosine Arabinoside on Disseminated Zoster in a Controlled Trial
Authors: David A. Stevens, George W. Jordan, Thomas F. Waddell, Thomas C. Merigan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Cytosine arabinoside for the treatment of disseminated herpes zoster was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind controlled study. The drug was given within 48 hours of onset of dissemination at 100 mg per square meter per 24 hours by continuous intravenous infusion, until dissemination ceased, or for a maximum of 72 hours. The treatment (19 patients) and placebo (20 patients) groups were of similar composition so far as underlying disease, previous treatment and stage of dissemination at the time of study were concerned. The duration of dissemination was greater in the treated than in the placebo group, and was prolonged for a subgroup of cytosine-arabinoside-treated patients with Stage III and IV lymphoma. The lymphoma patients also had evidence of depression of antibody formation, delay in vesicle interferon appearance, depression of local cellular response and greater hematologic toxicity. Cytosine arabinoside at this dose thus has no beneficial effect on the disease, and can prolong it in some compromised patients by further depressing host responses. (N Engl J Med 289:873–878, 1973)
Clinical Impact of Without Bevacizumab at First Several Cycle in 1st Line Chemotherapy of Colorectal Cancer: "Midway BV"
Authors: S. Sogabe, M. Ishikawa, K. Sawada, T. Muranaka, T. Takasaka, R. Kato, M. Umemura, K. Takahashi, H. Oda, T. Miyagishima
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Significance of Megakaryocytes in the Search for Tumor Cells in the Peripheral Blood
Authors: John W. Raker, Priscilla D. Taft, Elizabeth E. Edmonds
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

BECAUSE of the frequency of lung and liver metastasis in the spread of certain malignant tumors it has long been accepted that malignant tumors may invade blood vessels, particularly veins, and create showers of tumor emboli, which may be disseminated in this fashion to areas remote from the primary tumor. Repeated searches have been made for malignant cells in the blood, both in the peripheral veins and in veins draining the site of the primary tumors.Among the early successful reports of the finding of malignant cells in venous blood have been those of Ward1 and Pool and Dunlop.2 More . . .
Diagnostic efficacy of ERCP in cholestatic infants and neonates – a retrospective study on a large series
Authors: R. Keil, J. Snajdauf, M. Rygl, K. Pycha, R. Kotalová, J. Drábek, J. Stovícek, M. Procke
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Cholestatic jaundice in infants is a serious condition, requiring timely and accurate diagnostic evaluation. Our aim was to determine the safety and diagnostic efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the diagnosis of cholestatic liver disease in neonates and infants.ERCP procedures in cholestatic infants performed in our endoscopy unit between December 1998 and March 2008 were reviewed retrospectively (n = 104 children, 48 boys, 56 girls; mean age 7 weeks, range 3 - 25 weeks; mean weight 4.05 kg, range 1.5 - 4.8 kg). Endoscopic findings were compared with final diagnoses. Statistical analysis was performed and sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values of ERCP were calculated both separately for each diagnosis and on aggregate.Cannulation of the papilla was successful in 95 of 104 patients (success rate 91.3 %). Biliary atresia of any type was found in 51 children (53.7 %), with a sensitivity of 86 %, a specificity of 94 %, a PPV of 96 %, and a NPV of 100 %. Choledochal cysts were found in seven children (7.4 %), with a sensitivity of 100 %, a specificity of 90 %, PPV of 86 %, and NPV of 100 %. Biliary stones were found in seven patients (7.4 %). Other structural pathology was found in six patients, and no abnormality was seen in 24 patients. No severe complications occurred during or after ERCP.ERCP in cholestatic infants, when performed in an expert center, is a safe and reliable procedure that can detect biliary tract abnormalities (e. g. biliary atresia, bile duct stones or choledochal cysts) with high sensitivity and specificity. Laparotomies can be prevented in infants by demonstrating normal patency of the biliary tract by ERCP or by magnetic resonance cholangiography if improvements in this technique are made.
Website of the week: Cancer screening
Authors: K. Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (2002)

There is no denying that the web internationalises debate. It can also make you a hero or a villain in a web based community that you barely knew existed. Gavin Yamey and Michael Wilkes (p 431) discovered that questioning the wisdom of screening for prostate cancer ensures that your inbox is full of “accusations, abuse, and threats.” They raised a storm with their editorial in the San Francisco Chronicle (www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2002/01/18/{type:entrez-nucleotide,attrs:{text:ED135201,term_id:112925375,term_text:ED135201}}ED135201.DTL). The Chronicle provides a helpful feedback button that carries readers' views instantly to authors. It allows you to email the article to a friend. Great features but dynamite at your fingertips.

There is also a hypothesis that correspondents are far more disinhibited electronically than they are on paper. A formal response came from Peter Caroll, a professor of urology and a proponent of prostate cancer screening (www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2002/02/04/{type:entrez-nucleotide,attrs:{text:ED200587,term_id:112995761,term_text:ED200587}}ED200587.DTL). The debate rages, but the US Preventive Services Taskforce supports the sceptic's view (www.ahcpr.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspsprca.htm).

For PSA read mammography (this page). The New York Times invited a deluge of protest with an editorial questioning the value of mammography based on the findings of the Physician Data Query (www.nci.nih.gov/cancer_information/doc_pdq.aspx?version=provider&viewid=b906d0d0-63ac-4d55-ac29-2ae992440adf#6). Thunder and lightning were unleashed but the newspaper held its ground arguing for a reappraisal of the data (www.nytimes.com/2002/02/06/opinion/_06WED2.html). The New York Times does not offer an instant feedback button but it does boast a hit list of the most emailed articles. Which is where, incidentally, I found this helpful retelling of the mammography story (www.nytimes.com/2002/02/11/health/11MAMM.html?pagewanted=1).
Website of the week: Drug advertising
Authors: D Carnall
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The web is straining the traditional boundaries of the advertising of prescription medicines, and there's plenty of content on both sides of the debate. PhRMA (www.phrma.org) is the umbrella organisation of the American pharmaceutical industry and, perhaps not surprisingly, is in favour of “direct to consumer” advertising (www.phrma.org/facts/bkgrndr/advert.html ). Meanwhile, the Public Citizen's Health Research Group argues that there is no evidence that such advertising improves health care and is against it (www.citizen.org/hrg/PUBLICATIONS/1400.htm ).

The American Medical Association publishes material on both sides of the debate at jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v281n4/full/jcv80002.html , but, as one doctor puts it, the risk is in “becoming the unpaid appendage of the public relations departments of pharmaceutical companies” ( jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v282n13/full/jlt1006-4.html ).

However, a summarised web conference points out that it is almost impossible to regulate drug information on the internet in any case: even if a drug company's site contained no unapproved information, it would be impossible to police all of the links to and from the site (pharminfo.com/conference/MWM_faq4.html ). Although a European directive has, since 1992, forbidden direct to consumer advertising of prescription only medicines (you can download a PDF of the relevant European Council directive at dg3.eudra.org/ eudralex/vol-1/home.htm) , the web is severely blurring these boundaries. There's nothing to stop any European resident visiting, for example, www.pfizer.com/hml/pis/viagrapi.html to read the datasheet on sildenafil. Drafting a legal framework that draws a clear distinction between this legitimate use of the web and frank promotion would be difficult, if not impossible. Better, surely, to concentrate on helping doctors and patients to cut through misinformation.
Endoscopic hemostasis using a gauze-ball compression method
Authors: Seung Shin, Hee Lee, Jaehyun Bae, Jun Park, Sung Shin, Sang Lee, Yong Lee, Hyunsoo Chung
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Direct compression of a bleeding site is the most fundamental hemostatic method. Despite this, endoscopic methods based on this principle have yet to be reported. Herein, we describe our experience with endoscopic hemostasis using a gauze-ball compression method.
Abstract 2375: Prognostic significance of the alternatively spliced <i>ACTN4</i> variant in high-grade neuroendocrine pulmonary tumors.
Authors: Akihiko Miyanaga, Kazufumi Honda, Koji Tsuta, Mari Masuda, Akitomo Miyamoto, Shingo Shinagawa, Hitoshi Tsuda, Hisao Asamura, Akihiko Gemma, Tesshi Yamada
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: High-grade neuroendocrine tumours (HGNTs) of the lung manifest a wide spectrum of clinical behaviour, but no method of predicting their outcome has been established. Materials and methods: We newly established a monoclonal antibody specifically recognizing the product of the alternatively spliced ACTN4 transcript (namely, variant actinin-4), and used it to examine the expression of variant actinin-4 immunohistochemically in a total of 609 surgical specimens of various histological subtypes of lung cancer. Results: Variant actinin-4 was expressed in 55% (96/176) of HGNTs, but in only 0.8% (3/378) of non-neuroendocrine lung cancers. Expression of variant actinin-4 was significantly associated with unfavorable overall survival in HGNT patients (P = 0.00021, log-rank test). Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model showed that expression of variant actinin-4 was the most significant independent negative predictor of survival in HGNT patients (hazard ratio, 2.18; P = 0.000714) after the presence of lymph node metastasis (hazard ratio, 2.30; P = 0.00012). Conclusions: Expression of variant actinin-4 is an independent prognostic factor for patients with HGNTs. This protein has high affinity for filamentous actin polymers and likely promotes aggressive behaviour of cancer cells. The present clinical findings clearly support this notion. Citation Format: Akihiko Miyanaga, Kazufumi Honda, Koji Tsuta, Mari Masuda, Akitomo Miyamoto, Shingo Shinagawa, Hitoshi Tsuda, Hisao Asamura, Akihiko Gemma, Tesshi Yamada. Prognostic significance of the alternatively spliced ACTN4 variant in high-grade neuroendocrine pulmonary tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2375. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2375 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Abstract 3488: PGE2 promotes angiogenesis by activating PKA catalytic subunit gamma
Authors: Yushan Zhang, Yehia Daaka
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The Cyclooxygenase-2 product PGE2 is suggested to be involved in angiogenesis, but its exact role and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we show that PGE2 dose-dependently promotes the in vitro tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC). PGE2 also increases vessel density in chicken chorioallantoic membrane, and vessel outgrowth of mouse aortic rings. All cognate PGE2 receptors, namely EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4 can be detected in the HMVECs at both the gene and protein levels. Using EP-specific ligand agonists and antagonists our data demonstrate the EP4-dependent tube formation. Concordantly, knockdown of EP4, but not EP1, EP2 or EP3 with siRNA attenuates the PGE2-induced tube formation. Treatment with PGE2 increases cAMP accumulation and PKA activation, and knockdown of EP4 attenuates the PKA activation, suggesting a principally EP4-to-PKA signal. Remarkably, the treatment with selective PKA inhibitors H89 or PKI attenuates the PGE2-mediated tube formation. There are three PKA catalytic subunits and the knockdown of catalytic subunit gamma (PKACg) prevents the PGE2-regulated tube formation. To begin to identify the PKA substrate(s) involved in tube formation, a panel of SMARTpool siRNAs targeting 16 PKA substrates was tested. Results show that heat shock protein B6, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and small GTPase Rap1A exert pro-tube formation effects, whereas small GTPase RhoA and GSK3b may be involved in anti-tube formation. Our data suggest that PGE2 promotes angiogenesis through a EP4-cAMP-PKACgamma pathway. Targeting EP4 and PKACgamma may serve as an efficient strategy to control initiation and progression of diseases affected by angiogenesis, such as cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3488. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3488
Emergency Management of Blunt Trauma in Children
Authors: Jane F. Desforges, David Jaffe, David Wesson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

DESPITE recent advances in prevention and treatment,1 trauma remains the leading cause of death among North American children over the age of one year.2 Blunt head injuries from motor vehicle collisions cause most of the deaths and injuries,2 3 4 but penetrating injuries are increasingly prevalent in large cities.5 , 6 Most preventable deaths are caused by acute respiratory failure due to airway obstruction or pneumothorax, unrecognized or inadequately treated intraabdominal bleeding, or secondary brain injury caused by an expanding intracranial hematoma, hypoxia, or shock.7 The goal of emergency management is to detect and treat these and other immediate threats to life. This article . . .
SAT0430 Wrist Pain in 13-16 Year Olds Using Laptops for School Work: Younger Children and More Time using a Laptop are Associated with Increased Pain.
Authors: D. C. Ince, C. Swearingen, Y. Yazici
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Laptops are commonly used for school work in addition to everyday activities by children. Data regarding wrist pain that may be caused by increased use of these devices do not exist, especially in young children. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the possible association of laptop use, age of children and hours use may have with wrist pain. <h3>Methods</h3> 13-16 year olds attending John Burroughs School, Saint Louis, MO, were administered a questionnaire asking about laptop use at school and at home, use of external mouse and durations of use. Wrist pain as reported on a 10cm VAS. Summary statistics of use and pain levels were estimated. Multivariable generalized linear models assuming a skewed distribution for the pain score (beta regression) were estimated associating laptop use, age, gender, hours used, use of exterior mouse and wrist support to pain. <h3>Results</h3> 307 children completed the survey (mean age 14.5±1.2 years, 171 were female (55%). 19% reported using a laptop &lt; 1 hours for school work, 54% used 1-3 hours, 18% 3-5 hours and 9% reported an average of &gt; 5 hours of laptop usage per week. Younger respondents were more likely to report more pain than older respondent; each year of younger age was independently associated with increased odds of reporting pain (average OR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.3, 2.5). Increased laptop usage and mouse usage were independently associated with increased odds of pain reporting as well; on average, the odds of reporting pain increased 160% as laptop usage increased (OR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.8, 3.7), while using an external mouse was associated with doubling of the odds of reporting pain (OR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.8). Wrist support was not protective; and gender was not associated with pain. A sensitivity analysis (not shown) was done excluding pain scores larger than 2. While the association between ages and reported pain was muted, increased usage and mouse usage were still associated with increased odds of pain. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Duration of laptop and external mouse usage are associated with increased self-report wrist pain. Younger adolescents may be more susceptible. As with all repetitive motion activities, care should be used in monitoring prolonged exposure. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Tc-99m MDP Scintigraphy of Temporal Bone Metastasis from Breast Carcinoma
Authors: &NA; D. NGUYEN, BENNETT B. CHIN, FINTAN REGAN, MARK E. BOHLMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

The authors present a case of breast carcinoma metastasis to the petrous apex demonstrated by Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy. Metastasis to the temporal bone is rare and difficult to detect due to its delayed symptomatology and occurrence at the advanced stage of the disease. Knowledge of the principal neoplasms susceptible to spread to the temporal bone, their different routes of propagation, and respective sites of temporal bone involvement is helpful in the work-up strategy for metastases.
550ETS1/SMAD3 cooperation regulates TF-induced microvascular endothelial cell angiotube formation
Authors: G Arderiu, E Pena, R Aledo, L Badimon
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Tissue factor (TF)-mediated signaling regulates gene expression and protein synthesis leading to alterations in cell function. Recently we have demonstrated in microvascular endothelial cells (mECs) that TF induces ETS1, regulates CCL2 expression and stimulates smooth muscle cell recruitment stabilizing the newly formed microvessels. However, TF may signal through more than one transcription factor to regulate gene expression in motile mECs. We have investigated whether additional transcription factors are involved in mature microvessel formation.
Studies on Trachoma Virus with Various Physical and Chemical Agents for Prophylaxis
Authors: H L CHANG, H Y CHIN
Journal: JAMA (1963)

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