tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AB0369 Associated Diseases and Lesions of the Liver in Rheumatoid Arthritis – a Postmortem Clinicopathologic Study of 161 Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Table 1
Authors: M. Bély, Ά. Apáthy
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Hepatic insufficiency may be caused by various associated diseases accompanying rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or by complications of RA. <h3>Objectives</h3> Tha aim of this study was to determine the associated diseases and lesions of the liver in RA. <h3>Methods</h3> A randomized autopsy population of 161 in-patients with RA was studied. RA was confirmed clinically according to the criteria of ACR. Tissue samples of the liver were available for histologic evaluation in 153 of these 161 patients. The associated diseases, complication(s), and causes of death were determined on the basis of clinical protocols and autopsy findings, and confirmed by a detailed review of extensive histological material (1-30 tissue blocks) from each liver. In order to assess the influence and disease modifying effect of coexistent complications, the Youle9s association coefficients were determined by c<sup>2</sup> -test. <h3>Results</h3> Associated diseases of the liver, and hepatic complications related to RA existed simultaneously. The incidence of associated liver diseases and hepatic complications in RA are summarized in Table 1. Vasculitis involved the liver in 13, out of 35 cases of systemic vasculitis (8.49%), amyloidosis was present in 26, out of 32 generalized secondary AA amyloidosis (16.99%) and sepsis (Septic hepatitis) in 5, out of 21patients with generalized septic infection (3.27%). RA was associated in 13 (8.49%) cases with fibrous-fibrocaseous pulmonary tuberculosis. In 6 of 13 (3.92%) patients tuberculosis was accompanied by miliary granulomatous dissemination. Out of 6 patiens with disseminated miliary tuberculosis, the liver was involved by epitheloid granulomatous hepatitis in 3 (1.96%) cases. Only 2 (1.31%) of 153 RA patients died of liver due to acute or subacute liver necrosis. Significant correlations were found between reactive hepatitis and systemic vasculitis (Q =0.4760, c<sup>2</sup> =7.1429 - p&lt;0.005), between reactive hepatitis and generalized secondary amyloidosis (Q =0.4970, c<sup>2</sup> =5.8380 - p&lt;0.005), furthermore between fatty liver and alcoholic hepatitis (Q =1, c<sup>2</sup> =16.1923 - p&lt;0.0005). There was no significant correlation between reactive hepatitis and generalized septic infection (Q =0.4286, c<sup>2</sup> =0.0285), nor between reactive hepatitis and miliary epitheloid granulomatous hepatitis (Q =0.3506, c<sup>2</sup> =0.0156). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Specific rheumatoid liver diseases were not found in our autopsy population with RA. The characteristic eosinophilic hepatitis may exist in rheumatoid arthritis, like eosinophilic polymyositis, fascitis, myocarditis, eosinophilic pneumonia. RA associated PBC (granulomatous cholangitis) may accompany rheumatoid arthritis as a secondary autoimmune phenomenon <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Venous Interruption for Septic Thrombophlebitis
Authors: Chilton Crane
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

DESPITE the remarkably favorable influence of antibacterial therapy, combined with surgical drainage when indicated, in most cases of pyogenic sepsis, septicemia remains a chief cause of death. In the Boston City Hospital population, Finland et al.1 demonstrated that the great reduction in deaths from streptococcal and pneumococcal bacteremias brought about since 1935 by the antibacterial agents has been counterbalanced by the marked increase in fatal staphylococcal and coliform septicemias. Although the case fatality rate for proved septicemia, which was nearly 50 per cent in 1935, had fallen to 30 per cent in 1947, it had slowly risen to 35 per . . .
An Angiotensin Converting-Enzyme Inhibitor to Identify and Treat Vasoconstrictor and Volume Factors in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Haralambos Gavras, Hans R. Brunner, John H. Laragh, Jean E. Sealey, Irene Gavras, Robert A. Vukovich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

The antihypertensive action of nonapeptide competitive inhibitor of angiotensin-1-converting enzyme was evaluated in 13 hypertensive patients. In 12 a single injection (1 to 4 mg per kilogram) induced an immediate antihypertensive effect that lasted, depending on dose, up to 16 hours. Mean diastolic pressures (±S.E.) fell from 126±3 to 101±4 mm Hg. Plasma renin increased and aldosterone fell. Five patients, whose mean diastolic pressure fell 26 mm Hg but not to normal, were then sodium depleted. A mean loss of 187 mEq lowered diastolic pressure only 2 mm Hg. However, readministration of the nonapeptide then lowered diastolic pressure by 36 mm Hg. This synergism suggests that compensatory angiotensin vasoconstriction is involved in diuretic ineffectiveness. Conversely, poor pressure responses to angiotensin blockade appear related to pre-existing hypervolemia, correctable by diuretics. Therefore, this drug can be used to quantify volume and vasoconstrictor factors in hypertension and to design therapy against the two. Its specificity, safety and capacity to reduce aldosterone suggest other uses in acute hypertensive situations. (N Engl J Med 291:817–821, 1974)
Use of a New Oral Diuretic, Diamox, in Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Hyman Belsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

CLASSIC treatment for water retention in congestive heart disease has involved the use of mercurial and other substances that affect the renal tubules in such a way as to decrease the reabsorption of electrolytes and water. Recently, a new principle has been introduced for the treatment of water and salt retention in the form of Diamox,† a specific inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase.1 2 3 4 The results of such inhibition are to promote the renal loss of bicarbonate, sodium, potassium and water.Preliminary clinical data indicated that this effect could be obtained in patients with congestive heart failure.5 The object of the present . . .
Nodular Goiter and Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Lewis M. Hurxthal, Arthur C. Heineman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THE practice of removing a nodule or multiple nodules from the thyroid gland for the prevention of cancer has been challenged in recent years. The justification for this procedure arose from the concept, held for many years, that a large proportion of thyroid cancers arose from a pre-existing adenoma or from multiple nodular goiters. Regardless of this theory, the immediate practical question in a given patient was whether or not cancer actually existed.Recent publications1 , 2 have tended to minimize the danger of cancer of the thyroid gland in relation to nodular goiter. There is no question that this form of . . .
Familial Occurrence of Accessory Atrioventricular Pathways (Preexcitation Syndrome)
Authors: Humberto J. Vidaillet, Joyce C. Pressley, Elizabeth Henke, Frank E. Harrell, Lawrence D. German
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Accessory atrioventricular pathways, the anatomical structures responsible for the preexcitation syndromes, may result from a developmental failure to eradicate the remnants of the atrioventricular connections present during cardiogenesis. To study whether preexcitation syndromes could also be transmitted genetically, we determined the prevalence of preexcitation in the first-degree relatives of 383 of 456 consecutive patients (84 percent) with electrophysiologically proved accessory pathways. We compared the observed prevalence of preexcitation among the 2343 first-degree relatives with the frequency reported in the general population (0.15 percent). For 13 of the 383 index patients (3.4 percent), accessory pathways were documented in one or more first-degree relatives. At least 13 of the 2343 relatives identified (0.55 percent) had preexcitation; this prevalence was significantly higher than that in the general population (P less than 0.0001). Identification of affected relatives may have been incomplete because clinical information was obtained only about symptomatic relatives. Patients with familial preexcitation have a higher incidence of multiple accessory pathways and possibly an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Our data suggest a hereditary contribution to the development of accessory pathways in humans. The pattern of inheritance appears to be autosomal dominant.
Quantitation of Platelet-Binding IgG Produced in Vitro by Spleens from Patients with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Robert McMillan, Robert L. Longmire, Robert Yelenosky, Robert L. Donnell, Samuel Armstrong
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Although the presence of antiplatelet antibody in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is generally accepted, information on the quantity synthesized, the production site (or sites), and the degree of binding to platelets is sparse. Methods described here allow an evaluation of these characteristics. Mean in vitro IgG production by spleens of patients was sevenfold greater than control tissue; a portion of the synthesized IgG from 19 of the 20 spleens of patients tested showed significant binding to target platelets. The maximum amount of IgG binding to target platelets and the percentage of platelet-specific IgG were determined in seven cases. Values for maximum binding averaged 1331 ng of IgG per 109 platelets, or 5008 molecules per platelet. Mean percentage plateletspecific IgG was 2.2 per cent, corresponding to a daily splenic production of 627 μg—a quantity that would "maximally sensitize" 2.9 times the average daily platelet production. We conclude that the spleen in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is one important site of antiplatelet antibody production. (N Engl J Med 291:812–817, 1974)
The identification and treatment of adult brain dysfunction
Authors: H B Mann, S I Greenspan
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

The authors hypothesize that adults who have had minimal brain dysfunction as children constitute a distinct diagnostic entity, adult brain dysfunction (ABD), which may exist alone or with a variety of other psychiatric syndromes. Patients with ABD share a basic impairment in ability to focus attention effectively; they may have different personality structures, symptom complexes, and behavioral patterns. However, with medication that corrects this impairment, remarkable improvement in the presenting symptoms and in the ability to work in therapy may occur, leading to changes in personality structure and behavior.
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a prognostic factor over 10 years in non-metastasic colon carcinoma (NMCC)
Authors: C. Pericay, C. Santos-Vivas, E. Pous-Saltor, T. Bonfill-Abella, E. Dotor-Navarro, L. Fernández-Morales, E. Dalmau- Pórtulas, A. Casalots-Casado, M. Rey-Ruhí, E. Saigí-Grau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

21062 Background: EGFR is a protooncogen that facilitates metastasis in cancer. It is overexpressed in colorectal carcinoma in 40% to 80%, and correlates a worse prognosis. Aim: To find patterns of EGFR overexpression in NMCC and to correlate these patterns with the follow-up. Methods: We analized NMCC with a selection criteria: 1. primary adenocarcinoma of the colon, without metastasis and with curative surgery, 2. pT3 pN0–2 pM0, progression-free in the first 6 months postsurgery, 3. initial follow-up began 6 months postsurgery, 4. minimum follow-up over 5 years. Dako PharmaDx kit (Glostrup, Denmark) was used for immunohistochemical study for EGFR. Dako staining and A431-AAM cells were used as positive control. Immunoreactivity for membrane (1(+), 2(+) and 3(+) intensity) and for cytoplasma was evaluated. Proportions of immunostained cells were also assessed. Results: 195 patients (p) were eligible. Year of diagnosis: 1994: 1p; 1995: 4p; 1996: 20p; 1997: 29p; 1998: 33p; 1999: 36p; 2000: 34p; 2001: 38p. Male/female: 93/102; Mean age: 71 years (28- 94). Location: 116/79 left/right. Stage II/III: 125/70. EGFR membrane positivity: 84/195 cases (43%), 49/125 (39%) in Stage II and 35/70 (50%) in Stage III. With a median follow-up of 7 years: Stage II: 29/125 relapsed (EGFR±: 12(24%)/17(22%)). Stage III: 33/70 relapsed (EGFR± : 21(60%)/12(34%)). EGFR membrane positivity was a poor prognostic factor with a significant progression-free survival (PFS) (p=0.042) and a non-significant overall survival (OS) (p=0.066). When follow-up period was increased over 10 years (patients from 1994 to 1998), EGFR membrane positivity maintained its poor prognostic factor in PFS (p=0.009) and presented a significant OS (p=0.02). Non-significant differences were found in immunostaining ratios. Conclusions: In patients with non-metastatic colon cancer, EGFR membrane positivity was a tumor progression prognostic factor, and this poor prognosis was maintained over time. Study supported by a grant from C.I.R. Hospital de Sabadell. Consorci Sanitari Parc Taulí. Sabadell and a grant from Merck Laboratory. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Management of a benign colonic stricture using a through-the-scope fully covered metal stent
Authors: Erik Rahimi, Bihong Zhao, Nirav Thosani
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

A 72-year-old woman presented with nausea, lower abdominal pain, distension, and obstipation. A 4-cm benign sigmoid stricture had been diagnosed 1 year previously with recurrence after two trials of controlled radial expansion (CRE) balloon dilation. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed colonic distension (cecal diameter of 7 cm), collapsed thickened wall in the sigmoid/rectal area, and sigmoid diverticulosis. The patient was initially hesitant to undergo surgery and opted for placement of a temporary colonic stent.
Decentralized Management in a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Robert M. Heyssel, J. Richard Gaintner, Irvin W. Kues, Ann A. Jones, Steven H. Lipstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

For more than a decade American hospitals have been asked to contain costs. The most recent program is the Medicare prospective payment system, which reimburses hospitals a fixed price per case based on diagnosis-related groupings (DRGs). If this approach proves successful, it may be adopted by other payers and perhaps extended to the reimbursement of physicians through prospective professional fees.Hospital reaction to the new payment scheme varies. Some look for cost controls and more efficient management techniques to reduce expenses; others carefully analyze their mix of DRGs to measure which are profitable and which involve unusual and expensive services. . . .
Zinc Glucagon in the Management of Refractory Hypoglycemia Due to Insulin-Producing Tumors
Authors: Henry Roth, Samuel Thier, Stanton Segal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

WHEN caring for patients with such conditions as glycogen-storage disease, idiopathic hypoglycemia of childhood and metastatic isletcell tumor, the physician is faced with the responsibility for affording relief from incapacitating symptoms associated with hypoglycemia and protection from the potentially catastrophic sequelae. In many cases, he must resort to measures that may be characterized as palliative rather than etiologically specific. Many therapeutic possibilities exist, including dietary measures, such as high-protein diets or multiple carbohydrate feedings, ACTH or corticosteroid administration,1 glucagon,2 epinephrine3 or growth-hormone injections,4 diazoxide administration5 and continuous dextrose infusions. Ascertaining the usefulness of these in any given case, however, is . . .
Microcirculatory Blood Flow, Capillary Morphology, and Local Oxygen Pressure of the Hamster Amelanotic Melanoma A-Mel-3&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: B Endrich, F Hammersen, A Götz, K Messmer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Transparent chambers and permanent indwelling catheters were implanted in the dorsal skin flaps of 24 inbred golden Syrian hamsters. After 48 hours, 4 x 10(4) amelanotic melanoma cells (A-Mel-3) were transplanted sc (12 hamsters) in areas exposed for intravital microscopy. A platinum multiwire electrode and techniques for a quantitative analysis of television images were used for measurements of local oxygen pressure (PO2), capillary blood cell velocity, capillary density, and capillary diameter and length, whereas capillary morphology was evaluated by electron microscopy. Compared to the mean local PO2 of the skin flaps of controls (12 hamsters), the mean local PO2 on the tumor surface of melanoma-bearing hamsters decreased with tumor size. Although capillary density of the melanoma was elevated 4 days after tumor transplantation, it decreased significantly until day 12. Of hemodynamic significance were huge platelet conglomerates in short, dilated capillaries. Electron microscopy revealed endothelial hyperplasia, open endothelial junctions, and disintegration of the capillary endothelium. These findings strongly suggest that elevated microvascular resistance, intratumor tissue pressure, and widening of intercapillary distances in the melanoma might significantly diminish the impact of chemotherapeutic treatment.
Case 32-2004
Authors: George D. Demetri, Ross L. Titton, David P. Ryan, Christopher D.M. Fletcher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 68-year-old man was found to have a large retroperitoneal mass on routine physical examination. Biopsy disclosed a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. After four months, the tumor had increased in size, although the patient remained asymptomatic. The discussants review recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of this type of tumor as they apply to the patient.
CEREBRAL VASCULAR DISORDERS
Authors: R BRAIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1954)

Article1 October 1954CEREBRAL VASCULAR DISORDERSRUSSELL BRAIN, F.A.C.P. (Hon.)RUSSELL BRAIN, F.A.C.P. (Hon.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-41-4-675 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe number of deaths from vascular lesions of the nervous system in England and Wales is large and growing larger every year. According to the Registrar General's figures, in 1942 the number was 56,048 and in 1952 it was 69,388, or approximately 14% of the total deaths. I have analyzed a series of 100 hospital patients admitted to the neurological department at the London Hospital and 100 patients seen in private consultation, all suffering from cerebral vascular disease, with special reference to their age distribution and the nature of their lesion and the correlation between the two. From the chart... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: London,*Presented as a Morning Lecture at the Thirty-fifth Annual Session of the American College of Physicians, Chicago, Illinois, April 7, 1954.†By special arrangement this paper will appear simultaneously in The Lancet. Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHypertension, cerebral vascular changes and stroke in Ghana. 1—Microaneurysm formation and strokeThe Treatment of Cerebrovascular Accident 1 October 1954Volume 41, Issue 4Page: 675-681KeywordsAge distributionChartsLesionsNervous systemVascular diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1954 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright, 1954, by The American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 16357: Prevalence of Left Ventricular Thrombus (LVT) One Month Post Myocardial Infarction in Patients Discharged With Negative Inpatient Echocardiography - Incremental Utility of Delayed Enhancement Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (DE-CMR) Tissue Characterization
Authors: Jiwon Kim, Richard B Devereux, Raymond J Kim, Maya Petashnick, David Veal, Sergey Gurevich, Subhi Alaref, Fay Lin, Yi Wang, Jonathan W Weinsaft
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background:  DE-CMR is well validated for LVT but echocardiography (echo) is the predominant test used for screening. LVT prevalence 1 month post MI in patients with initial negative echo during MI hospitalization is unknown.   Methods:  ST elevation MI patients with inpatient echo negative for LVT were prospectively enrolled. 1 month post MI, multimodality screening for LVT was performed via same day DE-CMR as well as both contrast (C) and non contrast (NC) echo - C was used in all patients without contraindication (96%). Each test (C, NC, DE-CMR) was independently read for LVT. LVT and MI size were quantified on DE-CMR.   Results:  192 patients were studied; all had echo (70% NC, 30% C) negative for LVT during hospitalization (3±2 days post MI). On followup (28±6 days), 8% (n=15) had LVT on DE-CMR, including 14% with LAD culprit vessel. Patients with LVT had lower EF (42±8 vs 55±11%, p   Conclusions:  LVT occurs 1 month post MI in nearly 10% of patients discharged with negative inpatient echo, commonly in those with apical MI but no aneurysm. Over 1/4 of post MI patients with LVT on DE-CMR have negative C echo, for which LVT detection varies in relation to LVT size.
Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) study of the combination of docetaxel (Doc) and oxaliplatin (Ox) in patients (Pts) with advanced solid tumors
Authors: W. Zamboni, J. J. Hwang, S. Strychor, B. J. Sidone, B. A. Zamboni, S. M. Malik, K. Catley, K. Grafton, J. L. Marshall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

2546 Background: A phase I clinical trial was conducted to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of docetaxel (Doc) and oxaliplatin (Ox) in pts with advanced solid tumors. As part of this phase I study, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) studies of Doc and Ox were performed. Methods: In the phase I study, Ox was administered on day 1 and Doc was administered on days 1 and 8, with cycles repeated every 21 days. The cohorts studied were (Ox/Doc) 75/35, 90/35, 105/35, 120/35, 130/35, 130/40, 130/45, 130/50 mg/m2. PK studies of Ox and Doc were performed on day 1 of cycle 1. Serial plasma samples were obtained from 0 to 24 h for Ox and Doc. Total and ultrafiltrate (UF) platinum (Pt) plasma conc of Ox were determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS). Doc plasma conc were determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Area under the plasma conc versus time curves (AUC) for Doc and total and UF Pt conc were calculated using the log-trapezoidal method. Results: The phase II recommended dose (P2RD) was Ox/Doc at 130/35 mg/m2. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) were observed on cohorts (co) 5 through 8 and included grade 3 diarrhea in 3 pts (1 pt in co 5, 2 pts in co 8), grade 3 fatigue in 2 pts (co 6 and 7) and grade 4 neutropenia in 1 pt (co 8). PK results from Ox/Doc at 120/35 to 130/50 mg/m2 are presented in the table. Conclusions: A 2 to 3-fold increases in UF Pt AUC and the ratio of UF Pt AUC to total Pt AUC was associated with the combination of Doc at doses of ≥ 40 mg/m2 (P > 0.05). This data suggests that Doc at doses of ≥ 40 mg/m2 displaces Ox from plasma proteins and increases the exposure of active-unbound Ox. The alteration in UF Pt AUC was consistent with the DLTs and P2RD. The clinical significance of the interactions between Ox and Doc needs to be further evaluated in phase II studies. Cohort Ox Dose (mg/m2) Doc Dose (mg/m2) Number of Pts Doc AUC (ng/mL·h) Total Pt AUC (μg/mL·h) UF Pt AUC (μg/mL·h) Ratio of UF Pt AUC to Total Pt AUC 4 120 35 3 1,132 ± 340 36.1±11.3 1.4 ± 0.6 0.04 ± 0.01 5 (P2RD) 130 35 6 1,111 ± 265 32.0±11.3 1.5 ± 1.4 0.05 ± 0.04 6 130 40 6 1,618 ± 968 39.4±12.3 3.9 ± 2.1 0.09 ± 0.04 7 130 45 4 1,580 ± 280 41.4±6.7 4.2 ± 0.4 0.10 ± 0.03 8 130 50 3 1,738 ± 252 38.2±5.5 4.8 ± 1.6 0.12 ± 0.03 Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration sanofi-aventis sanofi-aventis sanofi-aventis