tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Esophageal Atresia with Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Authors: Theodore H. Ingalls, Richard A. Prindle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE causative agents of atresia of the esophagus must be primarily genetic or else act during prenatal life, for the defect is present at birth. The evidence bearing on the subject has been brought together here for analysis, and is presented as a stimulus to further research on the problem of etiology.This report is based on a study of 107 infants with esophageal atresia (102 with associated tracheoesophageal fistula) seen at the Children's Hospital from January, 1936, through 1948 or born at the Boston Lying-in Hospital (6 cases) between 1934 and 1945, inclusive; 90 died during infancy and the . . .
To Be Complete
Authors: Joseph E. Hardison
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

American medical care is considered the best and the most expensive in the world. We physicians are trained to be thorough. We believe that to be thorough we have to be complete. We are uneasy unless every possibility has been ruled out. I have been combating this compulsion of house-staff members "to be complete" for many years.When challenged and asked to defend their reasons for ordering or performing unnecessary tests and procedures, the reasons given usually fall under one of the following excuses:The "to be complete" excuse. This excuse is deemed self-explanatory. Constructive criticism of this attitude as . . .
Auscultation in the Diagnosis of Compression of the Subclavian Artery
Authors: Edward A. Edwards, Harold D. Levine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

COMPRESSION of the subclavian artery is well known as an essential aspect of the pathology of cervical rib, the scalenus syndrome and anomalies of the first thoracic rib. The demonstration of this compression, with or without resort to the so-called scalenus maneuver introduced by Adson and Coffey,1 should be considered a routine prerequisite for the diagnosis of symptomatic cervical rib or the scalenus syndrome.2 In this maneuver the arterial compression is usually appreciated through palpation of the radial artery at the wrist. By this means complete obliteration of the pulse is of course readily detectable, but partial obstructions are less . . .
Subtotal Parathyroidectomy in Azotemic Renal Osteodystrophy
Authors: William W. Anderson, Joel B. Mann, Norman Kenyon, John J. Farrell, A. Gorman Hills
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE results of treatment of azotemic renal osteodystrophy are disappointing.1 2 3 The possible efficacy of partial parathyroidectomy in selected cases was suggested by Dent, Harper and Philpot1 and first shown to be practical in a patient treated by Stanbury, Lumb and Nicholson.4 Encouraging results in another case have been reported in a brief communication by Findley et al.5 The case reported below represents the third of signal improvement after operation.Case ReportJ.H. (J.M.H. 27380), a 23-year-old man, was first seen at Jackson Memorial Hospital in February, 1960, because of extensive skeletal deformities, subnormal muscular development and chronic malaise. He had . . .
SAT0279 Patients fulfilling the imaging-arm and patients fulfilling the HLA-B27-arm of the asas axial spondyloarthritis classification criteria: Are they similar?:
Authors: R. van den Berg, M. de Hooge, F. van Gaalen, M. Reijnierse, T. Huizinga, D. van der Heijde
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> It is possible to classify patients as having spondyloarthritis (SpA) according to the ASAS axial SpA criteria HLA-B27-arm without any signs of sacroiliitis on MRI or X-ray. The question arises whether patients fulfilling the HLA-B27-arm reflect a group of patients similar to those fulfilling the imaging-arm of the ASAS axial SpA criteria<sup>1</sup>. <h3>Objectives</h3> To compare demographics, number of SpA-features and level of disease activity in patients fulfilling the imaging-arm to patients fulfilling the HLA-B27-arm of the ASAS axial SpA criteria. <h3>Methods</h3> The SPondyloArthritis Caught Early (SPACE)-cohort is set-up in the Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC) aiming to diagnose and treat patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) at an earlier stage. Patients with back pain (≥3 months, but ≤2 years, onset &lt;45 years) visiting the rheumatology outpatient clinic were included. All patients of the SPACE-cohort (n=157) fulfilling the ASAS axial SpA criteria were included in this analysis (n=60). Patients were compared on demographics, presence of SpA-features and level of disease activity. <h3>Results</h3> Of those 60 patients, 29 fulfilled the imaging-arm (11 fulfilling modified New York (mNY) criteria; 18 MRI positive only); 31 fulfilled the HLA-B27-arm. Patients fulfilling the HLA-B27-arm have significantly more often a positive family history for SpA (p=0.001), are more frequently female (p=0.04) and have a significantly shorter disease duration (p=0.02). Moreover, there was a trend toward more uveitis (p=0.09). Patients in both arms are very similar with respect to all other SpA-features and level of disease activity (BASDAI and ASDAS). Within the imaging-arm, patients with sacroiliitis on X-ray do not differ significantly from patients with sacroiliitis on MRI in any of the tested variables including symptom duration and disease activity (table; # represent p-value &lt;0.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Patients with sacroiliitis on X-ray have the same level of disease activity and symptom duration as patients with sacroiliitis on MRI only. Patients fulfilling the HLA-B27-arm are remarkably similar to patients fulfilling the imaging-arm of the ASAS axial SpA criteria, with respect to the presence of most SpA-features and level of disease activity. <h3>References</h3> Rudwaleit M et al. ARD 2009;68:777-83 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract P3-02-04: Dendritic Cells from Breast Cancer Patients with ≥5 CTCs Are Functionally Impaired
Authors: B-N Lee, H Gao, EN Cohen, S Tin, SA Jackson, V Valero, R Alvarez, M Cristofanilli, JM. Reuben
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are an independent predictor of survival in metastatic breast cancer patients and patients with ≥5 CTC per 7.5 mL of whole blood (WB) have a poor prognosis and overall survival than patients with fewer than 5 CTC. Dendritic cells (DCs), the most efficient antigen presenting cells (APC), are essential for a robust host immune response. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between CTCs and the immunophenotype and function of DCs in breast cancer (BC) patients. Methods: This ongoing prospective study consists of 47 patients, 26 with metastatic breast cancer, 19 with inflammatory breast cancer; and 2 with locally advanced breast cancer, with a median age of 52 years (range: 34-71 years). Primary tumor characteristics of patients included 28 hormone receptor positive, 18 HER2 amplified, and 12 triple receptor negative. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis was used to enumerate circulating DC subsets, myeloid (mDC) and plasmacytoid (pDC), that express costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80, and CD86). Additionally, we assessed the ability of DCs to synthesize interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12, interferon-alpha (IFN-a) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a constitutively and following activation with toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. CTCs were enumerated in 7.5 mL of WB using CellSearch (Raritan, NJ). Results: CTCs were detected in 26 patients (range from 1 to 1009) including 12 patients with ≥5 CTCs. Compared with patients with &amp;lt; 5 CTCs, those with ≥5 CTCs have a significantly higher median number of mDC (P = 0.007) and higher median percentages (%) of TLR-activated mDC that expressed CD80 (P = 0.047) and CD86 (P = 0.063). Additionally, compared with patients who had &amp;lt; 5 CTCs, patients with ≥5 CTCs had a lower median % of TLR-activated mDC that synthesized IL-12 (P=0.028), TNF-α (P=0.006), or IL-10 (P = 0.031); and there was a higher median % of TLR-activated pDC that synthesized IL-10 (P = 0.000). Conclusions: Even though BC patients with ≥5 CTCs have more mDC, activated mDCs are less capable of synthesizing inflammatory factors (TNF-a and IL-12) responsible for adaptive immunity. Moreover, there was increased % of activated pDC that synthesized IL-10, a cytokine responsible for downregulating adaptive immune responses. These preliminary data suggest that activated DCs from BC patients with ≥5 CTCs are likely to have a suboptimal ability to sustain an efficient adaptive immune response compared with activated DCs of BC patients with &amp;lt; 5 CTCs. This is the first report linking CTCs, a proven poor prognostic indicator, with potential dysfunctional APC in BC patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-02-04.
P758 ASSOCIATION OF LIVER DISEASES-RELATED SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS ON DEVELOPMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN JAPANESE PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS C VIRUS
Authors: M. Korenaga, N. Nishida, M. Sugiyama, T. Takeda, Y. Aoki, S. Yoshio, Y. Yamagiwa, K. Korenaga, M. Imamura, K. Murata, T. Kanto, N. Masaki, M. Mizokami
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Abstract 3069: Pleiotropic tumor suppressor role of microRNA-34b in prostate cancer.
Authors: Shahana Majid, Altaf A. Dar, Sharanjot Saini, Varahram Shahryari, Sumit Arora, Inik Chang, Soichiro Yamamura, Yuichiro Tanaka, Takeshi Chiyomaru, Shinichiro Fukuhara, Guoren Deng, Peter R. Carroll, Rajvir Dahiya
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract CpG island hypermethylation is one of the most common causes of the loss of tumor-suppressor microRNAs (miRNA) in cancers. Here we show that miR-34b is silenced in human prostate cancer (PCa) and the mechanism is through CpG hypermethylation. We provide evidence that miR-34b directly targets methyltransferases (DNMT) and deacetylases (HDACs). We show that miR-34b expression could predict overall survival and recurrence free survival such that patients with high miR-34b levels had longer survival. Further we elucidate the tumor suppressor role of miR-34b using both in vitro and in vivo models. Functionally miR-34b inhibits cell proliferation, colony formation, migration/invasion and triggers G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. The mechanism is partly through the down regulation of AKT pathway as miR-34b directly targets AKT and causes depletion of its downstream genes. Our results show that over-expression of miR-34b caused a decline in the mesenchymal markers Vimentin, ZO1, N-cadherin and Snail whereas there was an increase in E-cadherin expression. Finally we demonstrated the antitumor effect of miR-34b in vivo. MiR-34b caused a dramatic decrease in tumor growth in nude mice compared to cont-miR. These findings offer new insight into the role of miR-34b in the inhibition of prostate cancer through demethylation, active chromatin modification and AKT pathways and may provide a rationale for the development of new strategies targeting epigenetic regulation of miRNAs for the treatment of prostate cancer. Citation Format: Shahana Majid, Altaf A. Dar, Sharanjot Saini, Varahram Shahryari, Sumit Arora, Inik Chang, Soichiro Yamamura, Yuichiro Tanaka, Takeshi Chiyomaru, Shinichiro Fukuhara, Guoren Deng, Peter R. Carroll, Rajvir Dahiya. Pleiotropic tumor suppressor role of microRNA-34b in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3069. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3069
EUS Placement of Fiducials in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: M Berg
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background: Radiosurgical (Cyberknife, Accuray, Inc., Sunnyvate, CA) treatment of pancreatic tumors requires placement of fiducial markers to enable computer tracking of tumor during radiation delivery. Fiducial placement in pancreatic cancer has previously been done at surgery. We present a method of fiducial placement done with endoscopic ultrasound.
P3-10-03: Bardoxolone (5MeCDDO) Inhibits Cancer Initiation but Promotes Progression in Rodent Models of Breast Cancer. What Does It Mean for the Antioxidant Response Element (ARE) as a Primary Prevention Target?
Authors: RA Lubet, R Townsend, P Vedell, VE Steele, CJ Grubbs
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The preventive efficacies of the triterprenoid 5MeCDDO were examined in three preclinical models of breast cancer. We initially evaluated 5MeCDDO in an ER+ mammary model in which female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered MNU, i.v., at 50 days of age. 5MeCDDO (27 ppm) was administered in the diet beginning 5 days after MNU, and continuing for the duration of the study. Doses &amp;gt;50 ppm were toxic. 5MeCDDO failed to decrease tumor latency or multiplicity and, in fact, increased the size of the cancers which did develop. This concentration of 5MeCDDO greatly increased liver to body weight ratios. We also examined the preventive efficacy of 5MeCDDO (54 and 27 mg/kg diet) in a bitransgenic model (MMTV-Neu/p53KO) of ER− mammary cancer. In this model, animals develop cancers which overexpress Neu and fail to have a mutation in the transmembrane domain of Neu. Similarly to results in the MNU model, 5 MeCDDO did not alter either tumor latency or multiplicity. The effect of 5MeCDDO was further evaluated in a third model in which ER+ tumors were induced by the procarcinogen dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). DMBA was administered by gavage to female Sprague-Dawley rats at 50 days of age. In this model (which examines the ability of an agent to alter the activation of the carcinogen) the preventive agent was administered beginning 7 days prior to DMBA and was continued until 7 days post DMBA. 5,6 Benzoflavone (500 ppm), a positive control, decreased tumor multiplicity &amp;gt;90%, while 5MeCDDO (27 or 2.7 ppm) decreased multiplicity 65 and 35%, respectively. The efficacy observed in this model is in agreement with the ability of the agent to stimulate the ARE, and to induce a variety of ARE related genes (e.g., GST PI, quinone reductase, etc). Thus, as expected, high induction of the ARE was associated with a decrease in DMBA-induced cancer initiation, but not a decrease in the progression stage of mammary cancer development in three cancer models. This latter finding brings into question whether merely measuring induction of the ARE (e.g., quinone reductase) is sufficient to imply the general preventive efficacy of a given agent or mixture. Supported by NCI contract number HHSN261200433001C. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-03.
“Thumb Sign” of Epiglottitis
Authors: Casey Grover
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

A 58-year-old man presented to the ER after having had severe throat pain, hoarseness, and fever for 2 days. There was no stridor, respiratory distress, or drooling, and oropharyngeal examination was unremarkable. A lateral soft-tissue radiograph of the neck showed a “thumb sign.”
OP0189 Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibody Specific FC Glycosylation Patterns in Patients with Arthralgia
Authors: H. U. Scherer, Y. Rombouts, E. Ewing, L. A. van de Stadt, M. H. Selman, A. M. Deelder, T. W. Huizinga, M. Wuhrer, D. van Schaardenburg, R. E. Toes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) of the IgG isotype exhibit a specific, pro-inflammatory Fc glycosylation profile characterized by a low content of galactose and sialic acid residues (1). The absence of these sugars from the Fc-linked core glycan could influence the biological activity of ACPA during disease. As ACPA can be detected in sera several years before disease development, we hypothesized that a change in ACPA Fc-glycosylation might precede the onset of arthritis. <h3>Objectives</h3> To study glycosylation patterns of the ACPA IgG Fc-fragment in patients with ACPA positive arthralgia. <h3>Methods</h3> Serum samples (n=300) of patients with ACPA positive arthralgia (n=184) were collected at baseline and at various time points of follow-up. At the time of arthritis development, patients were classified as having either rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or undifferentiated arthritis (UA) based on the 1987 ACR criteria. ACPA of the IgG isotype were isolated from sera by affinity purification and digested with trypsin. Fc-glycopeptides were subsequently analyzed by nano-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. ACPA-specific Fc glycosylation profiles were compared to those of non-specific IgG isolated from the same sera. ACPA isolated from a cohort of ACPA positive healthy blood-bank donors served as additional comparators. <h3>Results</h3> At baseline, ACPA-IgG molecules displayed Fc-glycosylation patterns comparable to those of non-specific IgG. In contrast, ACPA lacked galactose residues at the onset of arthritis in patients presenting with RA, but not in patients presenting with UA. This decrease of ACPA Fc-galactosylation in RA patients occurred around 3 months prior to diagnosis and was paralleled by an increase in systemic inflammation (ESR). In addition, we noted a high degree of ACPA Fc core-fucosylation at baseline, which further increased prior to diagnosis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> ACPA exhibit significant changes in Fc glycosylation that occur shortly before the clinical onset of RA. These changes towards a more pro-inflammatory Fc-glycan profile could be involved in driving the inflammatory immune response. <h3>References</h3> Scherer HU, van der Woude D, Ioan-Facsinay A, et al. Glycan profiling of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies isolated from human serum and synovial fluid. <i>Arthritis Rheum</i>. 2010;62:1620-9. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract 4352: Radiotherapy-induced plasma cytokine changes and skin toxicity in breast cancer patients
Authors: Zhi Liu, Venetta Thomas, Jean L. Wright, Cristiane Takita, Martine Poitevien, Diana Abreu-Molnar, Wei Zhao, Isildinha Reis, Jennifer Hu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm and the second leading cause of cancer death in American women. Radiotherapy (RT) is an effective adjuvant treatment after breast-conserving surgery for early-stage breast cancer. However, the majority of breast cancer patients undergoing RT develop acute skin reactions. We pilot tested the effects of RT on immune system and inflammatory cytokines in 12 breast cancer patients (6 with high and 6 with low skin toxicity). Using the Human Cytokine ELISA Plate Array I (Signosis Inc., Sunnyvale, CA), we evaluated 31 plasma cytokines in RT-related skin toxicity. The National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Effects (version 3.0) was used to evaluate skin toxicity grade. Our data showed that RT induced epidermal growth factor (EGF); at baseline EFG was not detectable while post RT-treatment significant levels of EFG was observed (mean+SD: 395±620.4, p=0.0496). Interleukin (IL)-2 was significantly elevated by RT (6.5x106±1.01x106 vs. 4.85x106±1.44x106, p=0.0004). Adiponectin was significantly higher at post RT (3.09x106±1.31x106) than pre RT (1.77x106±1.52x106, p=0.0002). RT-related changes of IL-4 was significantly associated with skin toxicity at week 3 (p=0.018); IL-4 was decreased in patients without toxicity (-668.3±1691.5) and increased in patients with grade 2 toxicity (1830.0±1365.4). IL-12 showed similar trend but with marginal significance (p=0.076). RT-related changes of EGF was significantly associated with skin toxicity at week 6 (p=0.045); EGF was not changed in patients with no or low toxicity (grade 0/1) and increased in patients with grade 2/3 toxicity (592.5±686.4). In summary, our pilot data suggest that RT induces EGF, IL-2, and adiponectin. RT-related changes of IL-4 and EGF were associated with skin toxicity. Our ongoing study with a targeted sample size of 1,000 may shed light on the molecular mechanisms of cytokines in RT-related skin toxicity of breast cancer patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4352. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4352
FACTORES PREDICTORES DE HEMORRAGIA DIFERIDA TRAS RESECCIÓN MUCOSA ENDOSCÓPICA DE 341 LESIONES COLÓNICAS DE GRAN TAMAÑO. ESTUDIO MULTICÉNTRICO NACIONAL
Authors: E Albéniz Arbizu, E Albéniz Arbizu, M Fraile González, C Guarner, P Huelin, N Pin Vieito, P Alonso Aguirre, F Martínez-Alcalá, J Rodríguez, L López Rosés, J De La Peña García
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Introducción: La resección endoscópica mucosa (REM) permite extirpar lesiones colónicas de gran tamaño. La hemorragia diferida (HD) es la complicación más frecuente (2 – 22%). Objetivo: Describir la incidencia de HD tras REM de lesiones superficiales colónicas ≥2 cm y factores de riesgo. Material y Método: estudio prospectivo multicéntrico nacional, analizamos 341 REM de colon ≥2 cm: 179 consecutivas recogidas de forma prospectiva y 162 procedentes de registros previos de centros participantes. Se consideró HD ocurrida en los primeros 10 días tras la resección. Resultados: Se realizaron 341 REM, 187 en hombres (edad mediana 70 años (24 – 95)). Hubo 20 casos de HD (5,9%) (13 hombres, edad mediana: 75 años (24 – 87)), 10 en las primeras 24 horas tras la REM, 4 a las 24 – 48 horas, 5 en 3 – 7 días y uno tras más de 7 días. La HD fue significativamente más frecuente en pacientes pluripatológicos (50% ASA III/IV), tratados con aspirina (29% Vs 9%), en lesiones de mayor tamaño (p = 0,04) de predominio proximal a esplénico (p = 0,057). En ningún caso de HD se cerró por completo la escara. En 33 REM se colocaron clips puntualmente, hubo 5 sangrados (15,2%). En las que se cerró el defecto mucoso completamente (clips/clips-loop: 61 casos) la tasa de HD fue 0% Vs. 7,1% en las no cerradas (p = 0,017). No hubo diferencias significativas según: Paris, tipo de resección, corriente utilizada, adrenalina en inyección submucosa, argón, uso de sedación o histología. Conclusiones: – La tasa de HD en las REM de colon ≥2 cm fue del 5,9%. – Las HD tras REM fueron más frecuentes en pacientes pluripatológicos, tratados con AAS, en lesiones de mayor tamaño y predominio proximal. – El cierre completo de los defectos mucosos previno la HD en nuestros pacientes. Podría aplicarse de forma sistemática en casos con los factores de riesgo descritos.