tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Manual of Venereal Diseases.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Preadolescent alcohol abuse and dependence
Authors: R Famularo, K Stone, C Popper
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

The authors document 10 cases of children who met the criteria for a DSM-III axis I diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence by the age of 13. They present one case report to demonstrate the family history of affective disorder, especially bipolar disorder, and alcoholism that characterized these 10 patients. Most of the children with bipolar disorder responded well to psychotropics. The authors suggest that there may be a relationship between early-onset alcohol abuse and the development of major affective disorders in adolescence.
Book: Death in England: An Illustrated History
Authors: Paul Keeley
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Eds Peter C Jupp, Clare Gittings


Manchester University Press, £19.99, pp 304 




ISBN 0 7190 5811 2

———————

Rating: ★★★

When I was a child in primary school one of the hymns we used to sing had, as part of the chorus, the words: “When the death shades round us gather, Teach, oh, teach us how to die.” It is a measure of the rapid change in our societal attitudes to death in the intervening 25 years that such a hymn is unlikely to be found in a modern hymnbook for children.

In previous centuries, before the advances of modern medicine, there was a much greater intimacy with death, though death and grief were just as difficult for people to negotiate. The inscriptions on Victorian children's gravestones are as heartrending as those on 20th century memorials. In the past, however, higher infant mortality and shorter life expectancy meant that death was more familiar.

Doctors are a peculiar community in modern Britain in that—along with the clergy, undertakers, and gravediggers—we have intimate and daily dealings with death. To some, death is fascinating; to others, it is part and parcel of the job; and some find it abhorrent and something to be avoided. In my own specialty, where death is inevitable, if a patient can die in peace and with dignity then I have done my job well. What doctors cannot escape is the fact that death presents them with a mirror of their own mortality.

Death in England has a wide remit—to tell the story of the history of death in English culture from prehistory to the present, finishing with the death of Diana, Princess of Wales. The story presents problems in the earlier chapters, in that there is little or no written evidence and much of the narrative is based on supposition from archaeological remains. The story becomes richer as time goes on and the written and visual records become more prominent.

The book suffers in that it restricts itself to England and does not take in the attitudes and practices of the other three nations that make up these islands; the rich Celtic traditions associated with death are largely ignored.

Still, it is a remarkable collaboration and a magnificent piece of scholarship. The research is detailed and meticulous but still accessible to the general reader, and it is sumptuously illustrated. It may not be everyone's idea of a gentle bedtime read, but it will be of interest to anyone who wants to understand the complex patchwork of attitudes and feelings towards death, grief, and loss. That might include you, doctor.
Tumor-Damaging Capacity of Plant Materials. V. Miscellaneous Plants
Authors: M BELKIN, D B FITZGERALD
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1953)

Journal Article Tumor-Damaging Capacity of Plant Materials. V. Miscellaneous Plants Get access Morris Belkin, Morris Belkin Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dorothea B. Fitzgerald Dorothea B. Fitzgerald Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 14, Issue 3, December 1953, Pages 607–625, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/14.3.607 Published: 01 December 1953 Article history Received: 28 July 1953 Published: 01 December 1953
Prevalence of bulimia in working and university women
Authors: K J Hart, T H Ollendick
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

The authors determined the prevalence of binge eating and bulimia in samples of 139 working women and 234 women who were university students. Although binge eating was found in 57 (41%) of the working women and 161 (69%) of the university women, the syndrome of bulimia was found in only two (1%) of the working women and 12 (5%) of the university women. These findings, although significant, stand in sharp contrast to popular reports that one-half or more of young women suffer from eating disorders. Further, they reveal systematic differences in the prevalence of bulimic behaviors between working women and university women. Results are discussed in terms of factors that might be associated with bulimia in these two samples of women.
Authors’ reply: Distinguishing between hantavirus-induced haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and pregnancy-induced liver pathologies (AFLP and HELLP syndromes)
Authors: G Macé, M Henaff, A S Gobenceaux, C Feyeux, P Sagot, J M Reynes
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

Preview this article: Authors’ reply: Distinguishing between hantavirus-induced haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and pregnancy-induced liver pathologies (AFLP and HELLP syndromes), Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/18/22/art20495-en-1.gif
Spur Cells
Authors: D C Doll
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Figure 1. Scanning electron microscopy (×5000) reveals numerous acanthocytes diagnostic of spur-cell anemia in a peripheral-blood specimen from a jaundiced 43-year-old woman with alcoholic cirrhosis and anemia. Several putative factors, including an altered ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid in the erythrocyte membrane, stagnation of sterols on the red-cell membrane, retention of bile acids, and changes in plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase concentrations, may be involved in the pathogenesis of spur cells.
Anemia of Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: C L Sexauer, J R Matson
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Anemia is one of the most characteristic and visable manifestations of chronic renal failure. Investigators in the past decade have provided a better understanding of this anemia. The etiology of the anemia of chronic renal failure has three facets: first is reduced erythropoietin production by damaged kidneys; second is the presence of inhibitors to red blood cell (RBC) production in uremic serum; and third is red blood cell hemolysis. Unfortunately, transfusion therapy with its expense and risk of transmissable viral disease remains the mainstay of management for symptomatic anemia. Other modalities include dialysis, androgens, histidine supplementation, and erythropoietin replacement.
Core–Shell Composite Hydrogels for Controlled Nanocrystal Formation and Release of Hydrophobic Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Authors: Abu Zayed Md Badruddoza, P. Douglas Godfrin, Allan S. Myerson, Bernhardt L. Trout, Patrick S. Doyle
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Although roughly 40% of pharmaceuticals being developed are poorly water soluble, this class of drugs lacks a formulation strategy capable of producing high loads, fast dissolution kinetics, and low energy input. In this work, a novel bottom-up approach is developed for producing and formulating nanocrystals of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using core-shell composite hydrogel beads. Organic phase nanoemulsion droplets stabilized by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and containing a model hydrophobic API (fenofibrate) are embedded in the alginate hydrogel matrix and subsequently act as crystallization reactors. Controlled evaporation of this composite material produces core-shell structured alginate-PVA hydrogels with drug nanocrystals (500-650 nm) embedded within the core. Adjustable loading of API nanocrystals up to 83% by weight is achieved with dissolution (of 80% of the drug) occurring in as little as 30 min. A quantitative model is also developed and experimentally validated that the drug release patterns of the fenofibrate nanocrystals can be modulated by controlling the thickness of the PVA shell and drug loading. Thus, these composite materials offer a "designer" drug delivery system. Overall, our approach enables a novel means of simultaneous controlled crystallization and formulation of hydrophobic drugs that circumvents energy intensive top-down processes in traditional manufacturing.
Abstract 1583: Circulating tumor cells isolated from non-small cell lung cancer patients using the in vivo CellCollector Technology
Authors: Thomas Krahn, Lukasz Gasiorowski, Wojciech Dyszkiewicz, Grzegorz Dworacki, Maciej Zabel, Dave S. Hoon, Stefanie Herold, Bjoern Nowack, Johannes Tucholsky, Christian Schumann, Klaus Lücke
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Access to tumor tissue is often limiting and archival samples may not be reflective of the current disease. Alternative approaches using liquid biopsies are being explored to support personalized treatment of cancer patients. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detached from primary tumors or metastases into the blood may reflect the current molecular tumor profile providing the opportunity to monitor molecular changes in the tumor. As CTCs are rare cells in the bloodstream and most in vitro approaches for capturing CTCs are based on small samples volumes (5 - 10 ml), accurate and reliable quantification of CTCs is difficult to achieve. We report on a comprehensive clinical study using a novel CellCollectorTM for in vivo isolation of CTCs. Eighty four stage I - IIIB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and 7 healthy individuals were screened for CTCs using a CellCollectorTM (Gilupi, Germany) device. Molecular analysis of a patient with known mutation in the KRAS gene (G12D) was performed to confirm the predictive value of CTCs as “liquid biopsy”. CTCs were detected in 65 out of 84 NSCLC patients (77.4%) (median: 13 CTCs; range from 0 - 300). For comparison, using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-cleared CellSearch® system only fifteen samples (17.8%) in this cohort were positive (median: 0 CTCs; range from 0-300). In all paired samples, the CellCollectorTM detected the same or higher numbers of CTCs. Healthy individuals were devoid of any cells classified as CTC. Investigating the KRAS status on CTCs captured by the CellCollectorTM, we were able to substantiate the G12D mutation that has earlier on been identified in the tissue of the primary lung tumor.Conclusions: The CellCollectorTM is a promising novel device for the in vivo isolation of CTCs and the device effectively isolated CTCs from NSCLC patients of all stages including the non-metastatic setting. The implementation of the CellColletorTM into clinical practice has the potential for early disease detection. Furthermore, this approach allows the molecular characterization of CTCs for possible therapeutic targets and early response to treatment which might be used in the setting of personalized cancer therapies and clinical development. Citation Format: Thomas Krahn, Lukasz Gasiorowski, Wojciech Dyszkiewicz, Grzegorz Dworacki, Maciej Zabel, Dave S. Hoon, Stefanie Herold, Bjoern Nowack, Johannes Tucholsky, Christian Schumann, Klaus Lücke. Circulating tumor cells isolated from non-small cell lung cancer patients using the in vivo CellCollector Technology. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1583. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1583
Clinical Evaluation of Urethral Tumors Based on a Simple Classification System
Authors: H. Akaza, Y. Homma, K. Koiso, O. Yoshida, K. Suzuki, H. Hisazumi, R. Tsugawa, K. Matsumoto, T. Kawai, T. Nagayama, K. Obata, T. Sonoda, T. Kotake, E. Okajima, Y. Matsumura, J. Kumazawa, Y. Ohi, J. Ogata, K. Uyama, A. Maru, T. Machida, H. Tazaki, Y. Satomi, Y. Aso, T. Niijima
Journal: European Urology (1988)
Predicting feasibility of day treatment for unselected patients referred for inpatient psychiatric treatment: results of a randomized trial
Authors: H Kluiter, R Giel, F J Nienhuis, M Rüphan, D Wiersma
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

Because previous studies of day treatment as an alternative to inpatient treatment had major disadvantages or methodological shortcomings, the authors conducted a randomized controlled trial to estimate and predict the extent to which day treatment is feasible for unselected patients referred for inpatient treatment.Of 160 patients, 57 were randomly assigned to the control condition and 103 were assigned to the experimental condition. Control patients received standard clinical care. In the experimental condition, day treatment was attempted as soon as the patient's condition permitted. The average number of nights per week that experimental patients spent away from the hospital was compared to the average number of nights away for patients under standard care.Day treatment was satisfactory for 40% of the experimental patients but was completely infeasible for another 40%. The level of surveillance needed in the first week, physical illness, number of previous admissions, depressive symptoms, and treatment by qualified psychiatrists versus registrars were variables predictive of these differences.In this unselected group of patients, no absolute contraindications against day treatment were found. This suggests that the selection criteria applied in nearly all other controlled studies on the subject were unwarranted. The approach used in this study facilitated treatment in the least restrictive environment possible.
Adventures in Medical Research. A Century of Discovery at Johns Hopkins.
Authors: A M Harvey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

The Johns Hopkins University was opened in 1876, the Hospital in 1889 and the School of Medicine in 1893.Since then, in addition to patient care and student educa- tion, a stream of important research has poured forth, thereby establishing these institutions as one of the most outstanding medical centres in the world.Dr. McGehee Harvey, emeritus professor of medicine, has been reminding us over the last few years of the great men of Hopkins in a series of brilliant sketches published in the Johns Hopkins Medical Journal.He now presents a collection of twenty-six essays, and again he is more concerned with the individuals who have accomplished fame, rather than with the scientific aspects of the advances they achieved per se.He has researched each with great care and uses diaries, reminiscences, first-hand accounts and other sources not previously explored; his knowledge of pre-nineteenth-century medicine, however, is limited.He writes with great skill, but it is a pity that a better system of documentation has not been employed.It is remarkable that there have been so many men and women of repute and inter- national fame at the Johns Hopkins.Since the immortal trio of Welch, Osler and Halsted, there has been a sequence of renowned individuals: Abel, Dandy, Cushing, Sabin, MacCallum, Mall,
Effect of distraction on communication failures in schizophrenic patients
Authors: A P Hotchkiss, P D Harvey
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

Manic, schizophrenic, and normal subjects were interviewed in the presence and absence of distracting information, and their speech performance was evaluated. Normal and manic subjects were unaffected by irrelevant information. Schizophrenic subjects manifested more reference failures during distraction than during nondistraction periods.
PTH-273 A single surgeon’s experience of retroperitoneal sarcoma excision
Authors: J De Soyza, D Humes, E Collins, R Ashford, C Kennedy, T McCulloch, C Walter, M Robinson
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> This study aimed to document a single surgeon’s experience of surgery to excise primary retroperitoneal sarcomas. <h3>Method</h3> Patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma referred to a surgeon at Nottingham University Hospitals via the East Midlands Sarcoma Service between 2006 and 2013 were included. Patient demographics, tumour characteristics and peri-operative events were recorded from the patients’ casenotes. <h3>Results</h3> Thirty-three patients (39% female) with a median age of 64-years (IQR 52–70) were reviewed. The median length of symptoms at presentation was 6 months (IQR 3–12). The majority of tumours were liposarcomas (64%) and leiomyosarcomas (30%). Nine tumours were Trojani grade 1; 10 were grade 2 and 14 were grade 3. Average tumour weight was 3050g (IQR 2156–9022). Macroscopic clearance (R0/R1) was achieved in 91% cases. Twenty-three cases (69%) required contiguous organ resection with nephrectomy the commonest (17 cases); followed by colectomy (7); splenectomy (6); and small intestine (5). There was no 30-day post-operative mortality. 24 (72.7%) patients experienced post-operative complications, 7 (21.2%) of which were of a Clavien-Dindo grade greater than 3. Median total length of stay in hospital was 7 (IQR 5–8.5; range 2–45) nights. Fifteen (45.5%) patients required care in an intensive therapy unit (ITU) or a high dependency unit (HDU). Median follow up was 31 months (IQR 11–50); during which 10 patients (30%) died and 11 (33%) developed recurrence. Median recurrence-free survival (excluding patients with metastasis) was 22 months (IQR 7–44). Estimated 5 year local recurrence-free survival rate was 51.9%. Estimated 5 year disease specific survival rate was 58.6%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Complete excision of primary retroperitoneal sarcoma frequently required resection of other organs. Reviewing our data with data from other centres, perhaps via a multidisciplinary team, may improve sarcoma management. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Involvement of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein in B-Cell Cytoplasmic Tyrosine Kinase Pathway
Authors: Yoshihiro Baba, Shigeaki Nonoyama, Masato Matsushita, Tomoki Yamadori, Shoji Hashimoto, Kohsuke Imai, Shigeyuki Arai, Toshio Kunikata, Masashi Kurimoto, Tomohiro Kurosaki, Hans D. Ochs, Jun-ichi Yata, Tadamitsu Kishimoto, Satoshi Tsukada
Journal: Blood (1999)
PWE-248 Does percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) improve global pelvic function in women with faecal incontinence?
Authors: SL Kelly, C Hoh, S Brown
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> PTNS is a minimally invasive treatment for Faecal Incontinence (FI) as recommended by NICE (2011). Many patients with FI have coexisting pelvic floor disorders. Biofeedback has a limited role in these patients and many suffer recurrence of debilitating symptoms. <h3>Aim</h3> To determine the effects of 12 weekly PTNS treatments on bowel, urinary, vaginal and sexual function symptoms and global health status. <h3>Method</h3> Patients referred for PTNS as treatment for FI attended 30 min treatment sessions once weekly for twelve weeks. The level of incontinence and global pelvic function of patients were assessed using the validated Wexner score and electronic Personal Assessment Questionnaire – Pelvic Floor (ePAQ-PF) pre and post treatment accordingly. <h3>Results</h3> 79 (71.8%) out of 110 patients (mean age 57.5 years) completed 12 PTNS treatments. 78.5% reported a subjective symptom improvement. 85.5% of these went on to attend top up treatments. 69 patients completed ePAQ-PF and/or Wexner score pre and post treatment. There was a statistically significant improvement in Wexner continence score and several ePAQ-PF symptom domains including continence, bowel related quality of life (p &lt; 0.001), Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) – related symptoms (p &lt; 0.005) and bowel evacuation (p &lt; 0.01) related symptoms. There was also a significant improvement in symptoms of urinary pain, urinary stress incontinence (p &lt; 0.05), urinary-related quality of life (p &lt; 0.01) and bowel related sexual function (p &lt; 0.01). <h3>Conclusion</h3> PTNS for FI improves bowel and urinary incontinence, as well as patient’s bowel related sexual function and quality of life. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
Authors: N Mukaida
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

A substantial proportion of patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases develop tumors, particularly those of lymphoreticular system caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Primary immunodeficiency renders patients susceptible to EBV by reducing immune reactions and surveillance abilities against the virus or inducing overreaction of the responding cells to the antigens. Recent progress in molecular biology has unraveled the genes responsible for several types of primary immunodeficiency diseases. The cloning of the ATM gene demonstrated that the mutations in this gene were observed in the members of all the families affected with ataxia telangiectasia (AT), indicating the crucial role of this gene in the pathogenesis of AT. The protein encoded by the ATM gene shows a high sequence homology with several proteins which are presumed to be involved in the regulation of the cell cycle transition. Accumulating evidence indicates that AT-derived cells are sensitive to irradiation due to the abnormalities in p53-dependent cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Thus, the ATM product may regulate the cell cycle at G1 phase in a p53-dependent manner and the defect of the gene may lead to the accumulation of cells with DNA damages, thereby causing malignant transformation.
Spoken on the Occasion of the Memorial Service for Dr. Mearl F. Stanton at St. Mark's Episcopal Church, Washington, D.C., on Wednesday, May 21, 1980
Authors: H L Stewart
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Journal Article Spoken on the Occasion of the Memorial Service for Dr. Mearl F. Stanton at St. Mark's Episcopal Church, Washington, D.C., on Wednesday, May 21, 1980 Get access Harold L. Stewart Harold L. Stewart Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 67, Issue 5, November 1981, Pages 961–962, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/67.5.961 Published: 01 November 1981 Article history Received: 10 June 1980 Published: 01 November 1981