tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in western China in 2010–11: a population-based, cross-sectional survey
Authors: Peierdun Mijiti, Li Yuehua, Xue Feng, Paul J Milligan, Corinne Merle, Wu Gang, Liu Nianqiang, Halmurat Upur
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2016)

BackgroundProgress in tuberculosis control in China has been the slowest in western areas, which have the highest prevalence. We assessed the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Xinjiang province, China, 10 years after introduction of a control programme based on directly observed treatment, short course.MethodsIn this population-based, cross-sectional survey, we used a multistage stratified random cluster sample design to estimate the prevalence of smear-positive and bacteriologically confirmed (either smear positive or culture positive, or both) pulmonary tuberculosis among adults (aged ≥15 years) in Xinjiang who had been resident in their household for the last 6 months. The screening strategy and diagnosis followed WHO guidelines. We estimated prevalence by combining inverse probability weighting and multiple imputation of missing data. We compared our prevalence survey estimates with the ones from the 2010 China national pulmonary tuberculosis survey and the ones from a provincial pulmonary survey done in Xinjiang in 2000. The new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis notification rate in 2011 in Xinjiang was obtained to allow the calculation of patient diagnosis rate (PDR).FindingsBetween Sept 1, 2010, and July 31, 2011, 31 081 individuals were eligible, of whom 29 835 (96·0%) participated in the survey. We identified 50 (0·2%) smear-positive and 101 (0·3%) bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis cases. The weighted prevalence of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis was 170 (95% CI 103–233) per 100 000 people and of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis was 430 (249–611) per 100 000 people. Compared with 2000 Xinjiang survey estimates, the prevalence of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis has decreased by 26·4% (from 231 [95% CI 148–314] per 100 000 people), whereas the prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis has increased by 17·8% (from 365 [237–493] per 100 000 people). In each age group and sex, the pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence was higher in the 2010–11 Xinjiang survey than in the 2010 national survey. The PDR in 2011 was 0·34 (95% CI 0·25–0·44).InterpretationDespite progress in other parts of China, the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Xinjiang remains high. The very low PDR suggests poor access to diagnosis and care. Further studies are needed to understand the barriers to diagnosis and care of this population, and efforts are urgently needed to enhance tuberculosis screening in this area.FundingXinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Health Bureau.
Subacute Spongiform Encephalopathy
Authors: S Stefanko, S Zebrowski, M Goldsztajn
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What is the value of methotrexate in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer?
Authors: M J O'Connell, C G Moertel, M A Poon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1991.9.7.1322 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 2045874 What is the value of methotrexate in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer? M J O'ConnellxM J O'ConnellSearch for articles by this author , C G MoertelxC G MoertelSearch for articles by this author , M A PoonxM A PoonSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1991.9.7.1322 First Page PDF © 1991 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
The Effects of Tyrosine and Phenylalanine on the Synthesis of Pigment in Melanocytes of Embryonic Chick Skin Cultured &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: John W. Saunders, Jr., Walter C. Quevedo, Louis Pierro, Floyd E. Morbeck
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1955)

The Effects of Tyrosine and Phenylalanine on the Synthesis of Pigment in Melanocytes of Embryonic Chick Skin Cultured In Vitro Get access John W. Saunders, Jr., John W. Saunders, Jr. Department of Biology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wis. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Walter C. Quevedo, Walter C. Quevedo Department of Biology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wis. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Louis Pierro, Louis Pierro Department of Biology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wis. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Floyd E. Morbeck Floyd E. Morbeck Department of Biology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wis. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 16, Issue 2, October 1955, Pages 475–487, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/16.2.475 Published: 01 October 1955 Article history Received: 21 December 1954 Published: 01 October 1955
Screening for High Blood Pressure: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Description: Reaffirmation of the 2003 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force statement about screening for high blood pressure. Methods: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force did a targeted literature search for evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for high blood pressure. Recommendation: Screen for high blood pressure in adults age 18 years or older. (Grade A recommendation)
Cardiac rate and rhythm in panic patients
Authors: M K Shear, P Kligfield, G Harshfield, R B Devereux, J J Polan, J J Mann, T Pickering, A J Frances
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

This study assessed cardiac rate and rhythm by ambulatory monitoring in 23 patients with panic disorder or agoraphobia with panic attacks. The patients had a higher than normal mean daily density of ventricular premature complexes (VPCs), but complex ventricular arrhythmias were uncommon. Heart rate was greater during panic intervals than during asymptomatic periods. The prevalence of arrhythmias within symptomatic intervals was similar during panic, partial panic, and anxiety and was significantly higher than during asymptomatic intervals. However, most panic episodes had no arrhythmias, and arrhythmias during panic intervals were simple VPCs.
THU0515 Comorbidity in Children and Adolescences with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: L.F. Bogmat, N.S. Shevchenko, M.V. Demjanenko
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> As a result of immune complex reactions the endothelium damage is observed in patients with polyarthicular JIA (pJIA). It causes not only clinical signs of the disease but also leads to damages of vital internals, dyslipidemia and other metabolic disorders, hemostasis disorders. These abnormalities contribute to comorbidities which aggravate disease course, decrease treatment response, worsen prognosis and quality of life. <h3>Objectives</h3> To study pJIA-related changes of the cardiovascular, renal and hepatic functions in the affected children. <h3>Methods</h3> This was a prospective cohort study enrolling patients with pJIA. Their cardiovascular system was assessed by ECG, PD-ultrasound and routine arterial blood pressure monitoring. The rate of glomerular filtration, serum creatinine level, serum ALT and AST activity, lipid profile and other specific tests were used to study renal and hepatic functions. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) for children was calculated. It9s correlation with various factors have been assessed by regression analysis. Descriptive statistics data are presented as mean ± SD. <h3>Results</h3> 118 patients with JIA (78 females) were enrolled. Mean age was 10.27±0.39 years, mean disease duration 132.35±5.26 months. Mean number of affected joints was 6.04±0.3. All patients were treated with NSAIDs. 95.7% patients received MTX, 15.3% MTX+SSZ. 19.5% of patients were treated with GC incl. 5.1% as a puls-therapy. Cardiovascular abnormalities were found in 65.3%, mainly on ECG (low voltage, affected repolarization). 4.2% patients had decreased heart contractility and 1.9% dilated heart compartments. Increased levels of cholesterol were found in 12.8%, β-lipoproteids – in 41.7%. High ALT and AST activity levels were observed in 2.6% and 1.3% of patients accordingly. 19.2% of patients had renal filtration abnormalities: 10.9% low glomerular filtration; 8.3% hyperfiltration. 1.9% had increased serum creatinine level and 2.6% had proteinuria. Total mean CCI was 0.78±0.06. In children with disease duration ≤1 year mean CCI was 0.90±0.28. The highest mean CCI (1.00±0.17) was observed in patients with disease duration 1≤2 years without any significant changes up to 3 (0.86±0.1) and 5 years (0.77±0.08) of observation. In children with disease duration ≤3 years CCI significantly (p&lt;0.05) correlated with age at disease onset, disease activity, disease duration, duration of MTX and GC treatment. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results show that comorbidities in children with pJIA exist already on the initial stages of disease course and persist in future despite treatment. Organ protectors and immune complex inflammation inhibitors (biologic treatment agents) should be a part of treatment program in this category of patients. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
PWE-153 Prognostic significance of gastrointestinal stromal tumour (gist) associated alarm symptoms at presentation
Authors: H Garrod, J Wheat, L Davies, W Lewis
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> NICE referral guidelines for suspected upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer have recommended the use of alarm symptoms (AS) to direct patient referral, but their value with regard to the rarer UGI GISTs are unknown. The aim of this study was to establish whether the number and nature of patients’ symptoms at presentation was related to prognosis. <h3>Method</h3> Consecutive 161 GIST patients [86 male, median age 66 (20–91) yr, 74% gastric, 15% small bowel, 3.8% colorectal, 2.5% oesophagus, 4.7% other] were studied prospectively and the presence of AS at diagnosis was recorded. The primary outcome measure was survival. <h3>Results</h3> One hundred and twenty patients (74.5%) were symptomatic at presentation but 41 patients (25.5%) had GISTs diagnosed that were incidental findings. Of the symptomatic patients 83 (51.6%) had AS, the commonest of which was GI bleeding, 45 patients (28%). Overall 5 and 10 year survival was 79% and 53%, but was significantly poorer for patients presenting with AS; 5 and 10 yr survival for those with AS was 75% and 44%, compared with 85% and 72% without AS (Chi<sup>2</sup>17.465,p &lt; 0.0001). On multivariable analysis, the only independent symptomatic factor associated with survival was the AS of weight loss at presentation (HR 4.214, 95% CI 3.130 to 5.298, p = 0.008). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The presence and nature of GIST presenting symptoms and alarm symptoms in particular is an important prognostic indicator. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Spotlight on measles 2010: An ongoing measles outbreak in the district of Neamt, Romania, August –September 2010
Authors: A Stanescu, M Muscat, A Romaniuc, R Pipirigeanu, E Lupulescu, G Necula, M Lazar, G Molnar, A Pistol
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

We report an outbreak of measles that has been ongoing in the district of Neamt, Romania, since 22 August 2010. As of 21 September, 17 of 21 suspected cases have been laboratory-confirmed and there was one measles-related fatality.
Abstract 5499: Necuparanib affects tumor progression and invasion in a 3D co-culture system of pancreatic cancer cells and stellate cells
Authors: Silva Krause, Amanda Weyers, Katie Loveluck, Birgit Schultes
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive and deadliest cancers, with only about 5% of patients surviving 5 years past the initial diagnosis. In over 80% of patients the cancer has already spread to distant organs at the time of diagnosis, making it difficult to treat. Most alarmingly, pancreatic cancer is the only cancer for which deaths are predicted to increase over the next few years. Despite advances with new chemotherapy combinations, overall survival outcomes are still dismal and require novel therapeutic approaches. Necuparanib (formerly M402) is a heparan sulfate-like molecule that binds and inhibits multiple heparin-binding growth factors, chemokines, adhesion molecules and enzymes involved in cancer progression and metastasis and as such modulates multiple elements of the tumor microenvironment. In order to further explore the mechanism of action for epithelial-stromal interactions affected by necuparanib, a 3-dimensional culture system mimicking pancreatic cancer was developed containing a co-culture of pancreatic tumor cells and pancreatic stellate cells, the most abundant stromal cell in the pancreas. In this culture system, pancreatic cancer cells form a tumor spheroid embedded in a matrix that is a mixture of type I collagen and basement membrane extract and contains pancreatic stellate cells. Notably, pancreatic cancer cells required the co-culture with pancreatic stellate cells to become invasive in vitro. Conditioned medium derived from pancreatic stellate cells could not mimic this effect indicating that soluble factors are not sufficient to cause invasion into surrounding matrix. Necuparanib inhibited the invasive behavior in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of pancreatic stellate cells on tumor cell invasion and the effect of necuparanib on stromal cells were further explored in this culture system. We showed an effect of necuparanib on proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic tumor cells. These studies aid in our understanding of the key biological targets and pathways responsible for necuparanib's anti-tumor effects and support biomarker discovery in the ongoing Phase 2 efficacy study in metastatic pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Silva Krause, Amanda Weyers, Katie Loveluck, Birgit Schultes. Necuparanib affects tumor progression and invasion in a 3D co-culture system of pancreatic cancer cells and stellate cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5499. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5499
<i>Notes from the Field</i>: Increase in<i>Neisseria meningitidis–</i>Associated Urethritis Among Men at Two Sentinel Clinics — Columbus, Ohio, and Oakland County, Michigan, 2015
Authors: Jose A. Bazan, Amy S. Peterson, Robert D. Kirkcaldy, Elizabeth C. Briere, Courtney Maierhofer, Abigail Norris Turner, Denisse B. Licon, Nicole Parker, Amanda Dennison, Melissa Ervin, Laura Johnson, Barbara Weberman, Pamela Hackert, Xin Wang, Cecilia B. Kretz, A. Jeanine Abrams, David L. Trees, Carlos Del Rio, David S. Stephens, Yih-Ling Tzeng, Mary DiOrio, Mysheika Williams Roberts
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) urogenital infections, although less common than infections caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng), have been associated with urethritis, cervicitis, proctitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. Nm can appear similar to Ng on Gram stain analysis (gram-negative intracellular diplococci) (1-5). Because Nm colonizes the nasopharynx, men who receive oral sex (fellatio) can acquire urethral Nm infections (1,3,5). This report describes an increase in Nm-associated urethritis in men attending sexual health clinics in Columbus, Ohio, and Oakland County, Michigan.
Effects of methylphenidate on early adolescent growth
Authors: J Vincent, C K Varley, P Leger
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

Thirty-one hyperactive adolescents treated with methylphenidate for at least 6 months demonstrated no significant deviation from expected height and weight growth velocities. In contrast to findings in prepubertal children, these results suggest that early adolescent growth is insensitive to methylphenidate.
BRAF Inhibitor-Induced Panniculitis
Authors: Stephen M. Broski, Erin K. Moran, Katrina N. Glazebrook, Mark A. Nathan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib have become the standard of care for treatment of stage IV metastatic melanoma harboring a BRAF mutation. Panniculitis is a rare but known adverse side effect of these agents and presents with tender erythematous nodules. These nodules may demonstrate uptake on F-FDG PET/CT, which may mimic metastatic disease in patients undergoing treatment. We present a case of BRAF inhibitor-induced panniculitis in a patient with stage IV metastatic melanoma and discuss the imaging findings on F-FDG PET/CT.
The dilemma of denial in the assessment of competency to refuse treatment
Authors: L H Roth, P S Appelbaum, R Sallee, C F Reynolds, G Huber
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

To illustrate the dilemma in evaluating and treating patients who deny their illness, the authors present the case of a woman with paranoia who denied she was ill and refused medication. They focus specifically on the issue of whether a patient who denies his or her illness is truly legally competent to refuse or consent to treatment. They conclude that the assessment of such competency requires a consideration of the accuracy of the patient's "appreciation of the nature of his or her situation" and that safeguards have to be built into a system for evaluating competency along these lines to prevent abuse.
Carcinoma of the cervix: chemotherapy, toxicity, and survival.
Authors: G E Umbach
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1988.6.5.926 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3367193 Carcinoma of the cervix: chemotherapy, toxicity, and survival. G E UmbachxG E UmbachSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1988.6.5.926 PDF "Carcinoma of the cervix: chemotherapy, toxicity, and survival.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 6(5), pp. 926–927© 1988 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Faulty bags were withdrawn from routine use
Authors: A. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

striking and highly significant improvement in the clinical outcome at three months was observed in the nimodipine limb.Among all 554 patients, 235 of whom underwent operation, a bleeding event led to nimodipine being stopped in only one patient.This patient suffered a colonic bleed of moderate severity, which the investigator reported as possibly being associated with nimodipine.The patient required a blood transfusion but recovered uneventfully."Bleeding" events were reported as an adverse event in two further patients, both of whom had received nimodipine.The first patient was reported to have a rash and haematoma on the back, which the investigator stated was almost certainly related to the use of ceftazidine.The second patient was reported as having thrombocytopenia and anaemia.This was observed 15 days after the treatment with nimodipine was completed, and the investigator reported that these adverse events were possibly related to atenolol, which the patient was receiving at the time.Thus the data from the British aneurysm nimodipine trial give little support to the findings reported by Wagenknecht and colleagues, which are possibly artefacts, reflecting the authors' post hoc analyses.
Respiratory changes with deep diving
Authors: K Segadal, A Gulsvik, G Nicolaysen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1990)

Deep diving refers to saturation diving to a depth of more than 180 m (1.9 MPa ambient pressure). In the 1990s diving to 400 m may be necessary on the Norwegian continental shelf. The safety margins are narrow and the respiratory system is subject to great strain at such depths. The respiratory resistance increases and the dynamic lung volumes are reduced as the pressure increases due to enhanced gas density. Helium is used together with oxygen as breathing gas and its lower density partly normalises the dynamic lung volumes. The respiratory system puts clear limitations on intensity and duration of physical work in deep diving. Systematic studies of lung mechanics, gas exchange and respiratory regulation in the different phases of deep dives are lacking. Detection of occupational respiratory disorder following diving are dependent on long-term follow-up.
Ongoing measles outbreak in southern Bavaria, Germany
Authors: H Bernard, R Fischer, M Wildner
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

Since early October 2007, the Bavarian Health Authority (BHA) has noticed an increased number of measles cases in Bavaria, Germany. A total of 95 cases occurred between week 41 and 51 in 2007, whereas only three cases had been notified to the District Health Authorities (DHA) during the same period in 2006.