tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2682: Integration of multiple prognostic factors into the TNM staging system using a new algorithm that censors patients
Authors: Donald Henson, Dechang Chen, Arnold Schwartz, Alexandra Hart, Ly Pham, Joyce Hsiao, Xiuzhen Cheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Objective: To integrate new and baseline multiple prognostic factors into the TNM (Tumor, Lymph Node, Metastasis) cancer patient staging system using a new cluster algorithm that is able to censor patients. Methods: Records of women with invasive breast cancer from 1990-2000 were obtained from NCI's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. The dataset contained 140,714 patients. Cancer specific survival rates for 60 and 120 months and hazard rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method for all combinations tumor size, lymph node status, histological grade, and estrogen receptor status. The algorithm stratified (clustered) patients according to survival based on prognostic factors. The algorithm uses partitioning and hierarchical categorization. The partitioning step involves repeated use of the algorithm Partition Around Mediods to partition combinations in terms of their survival differences. Survival rates were compared by the logrank test. Results: From the 140,714 patients, survival and hazard rates were calculated for each combination of the 4 prognostic factors using survival rates for partitioning. Each combination formed a cluster, 96 with 4 factors. In all cases, there was a relation between the prognostic factors and the outcome. The histological grade, tumor size, number of positive lymph nodes, estrogen receptor status all had an effect on survival, which is recognized from clinical experience. Any number of additional factors can be included. Conclusions: The clinical application of this new clustering algorithm is practical and can be applied to host and tumor factors. The algorithm calculated survival and hazard for all combinations of 4 major prognostic factors for breast cancer. This is the first cluster algorithm that is able to censor patients and overcome the limitations of the TNM bin model. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2682.
AB0811 Total Antioxidant Status and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Osteopenia and Osteoporosis
Authors: K.S. Abdullah, D.A. Alhamdany
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Osteoporosis (OP) is the most common metabolic bone disorders. OP results from an imbalance between bone formation and resorption in favor of the later<sup>1</sup>. Increased oxidative stress (OS) in bone enhances osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis<sup>2</sup>. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess total antioxidant status and oxidative stress and in patients with osteopenia and osteoprosis. <h3>Methods</h3> <i>Patients:</i> Sixty female patients with positive Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) results were enrolled in the study and were divided into 2 groups, osteopenia and osteoporosis. <i>Control:</i> Thirty apparently healthy females, matched for age with the patients group, with normal DEXA results were kept as control group. <h3>Methods</h3> <i>Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA):</i> Bone mineral density was obtained at lumbar vertebrae in all subjects using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The biochemical analysis: Total antioxidant status was measured using Randox TAS kit – UK). Serum MDA level was measured using thiobarbiturc acid (TBA) assay. <i>Pilot study:</i> A pilot study was designed to compare the TAS and oxidative stress by measurement of MDA between ostepenia and oseoporosis, using the ranges between the medians of each groups. The median of osteopenia is -1.75, therefore the ranges between -1.75 and -2.5 will be compared with the ranges of osteoporosis from -2.6 and -3.3 the median of osteoporosis score. <h3>Results</h3> The TAS values of both patients groups (1.59±0.15 mmol/l and 1.05±0.37 mmol/l, respectively) were significantly lower than that of the control group (2.18±0.26mmol/l) (p&lt;0.001). MDA values of both patients groups (osteopenia and osteporosis) (1.20±0.43 μmol/l and 2.40±0.66 μmol/l, respectively), were significantly higher than that of the control group (0.47±0.14 μmol/l) (p&lt;0.001). The result of pilot study, showed no difference between these two selected values groups for TAS and MDA, (p-value &lt;0.1and 0.07) respectively. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Patients with OP have lower levels of TAS and higher levels of MDA than the control group, and no difference in these parameters between osteopenia and osteoporosis in the pilot study. <h3>References</h3> Raisz LG. Pathogenesis of osteoporosis: concepts, conflicts, and prospects. J Clin Invest 2005; 115(12):3318-25. Almeida M, Han L, Ambrogini E, Weinstein RS, Manolagas SC Glucocorticoids and tumor necrosis factor α increase oxidative stress and suppress Wnt protein signaling in osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26(11):2682-94. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2297
Abstract 3951: The ERG 3′-UTR is a target of miR-145 and expression patterns of ERG isoforms are altered in prostate cancer
Authors: Sven Wach, Martin Hart, Elke Nolte, Jaroslaw Szczyrba, Bernd Wullich, Friedrich Graesser
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Prostate cancer is a leading cause of tumor mortality. In order to identify the underlying mechanisms we have analyzed microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles of primary prostate cancers and non-cancer prostate tissue. Using database analysis, we sought to identify regulatory targets of aberrantly expressed miRNAs. Material and Methods: We performed comparative miRNA expression profiling using deep sequencing of cDNA libraries and microarray analyses. Potential target genes of deregulated miRNAs were identified by database analysis and subsequently validated in vitro using reporter gene constructs. The abundance of ERG as one of the identified target genes was assessed by Western blotting using a self-generated polyclonal antiserum. Results: One of the miRNAs consistently deregulated in primary prostate cancer samples was miR-145 which was down regulated more than 1.5-fold in deep sequencing and 1.44-fold in microarray experiments (p&amp;lt;0.001, ANOVA). Independent target prediction databases (including miRanda, Targetscan and PicTar) indicated that the 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR) of the ERG gene is a regulative target for miR-145. This prediction could be confirmed using a luciferase reporter gene vector containing the ERG 3’-UTR. Co-expression of the reporter gene construct with miR-145 resulted in a reduction of reporter gene activity while mutation of the miRNA binding site caused a loss of responsiveness to the respective miRNA. We generated a polyclonal antiserum directed against the 100 C-terminal amino acids of the longest ERG isoform and discovered that transient expression of miR-145 reduced the amount of ERG protein by 26% in the HEK293 cell line. Western blots of 26 corresponding pairs of prostate cancer and nonmalignant tissue samples showed, that ERG protein is overexpressed in the majority of cancer samples and that the relative abundance of several identified isoforms of ERG is altered in cancer samples. As expected, miR-145 expression was reduced in 24 of the 26 tumor samples. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that the 3’-UTR of ERG is one regulative target of miR-145, which is commonly deregulated in prostate cancer. The ERG gene is commonly overexpressed in prostate cancer and the relative abundance of ERG isoforms is altered in samples of primary prostate cancers. This is the first report to show that ERG is a target of miR-145. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3951. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3951
AB0990 A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of epicutaneously applied ketoprofen in transfersome gel for the treatment of pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee:
Authors: M. Rother, R. Lipetz, S. Dunmyer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> IDEA 033 is an epicutaneously applied formulation of ketoprofen in Transfersome – aqueous dispersion of ultra-deformable carriers – for the treatment of pain in OA, which potentially minimises systemic adverse events (AEs) associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 100mg ketoprofen in Transfersome gel (IDEA 033) compared with a matching epicutaneous placebo (Transfersome gel without ketoprofen; TDT 064) in patients with mild/moderate pain associated with OA of the knee. <h3>Methods</h3> A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with radiologically confirmed OA of the knee who met Functional Class I–III OA and ACR clinical classification criteria, had mild/moderate pain at baseline [defined by score ≥4 for question 1 of WOMAC OA Index (ver 3.1) and total mean WOMAC pain score &lt;7]. Patients received 12 weeks of therapy twice daily with 100mg ketoprofen in Transfersome (IDEA 033) or matching epicutaneous placebo (TDT 064). Pain and function were assessed at baseline and weeks 2, 6, 9 and 12 using the WOMAC. Patient global assessment of response to therapy was measured on a 5-point Likert scale at week 12. Vital signs, AEs and laboratory parameters were assessed. <h3>Results</h3> The intent-to-treat and safety populations consisted of 555 patients. Median WOMAC pain subscale scores at baseline were lower than expected (Table). Throughout the study, both groups reported constant pain decreases, while improvements in physical function were constant and comparable in both groups (Table). Marginal inferiority was demonstrated for IDEA 033 versus TDT 064 for pain and function (Mann–Whitney estimator 0.4505 and 0.4570, respectively). The incidence of ≥1 AE was comparable in both groups (Table). Serious AEs were reported by 3 patients receiving IDEA 033 (1 was possibly related to treatment) and 4 patients receiving TDT 064 (none were related to treatment). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Twelve weeks of therapy with epicutaneously applied ketoprofen (100mg) in Transfersome (IDEA 033) was not statistically superior to epicutaneous placebo (Transfersome without ketoprofen; TDT 064), possibly owing to low baseline pain severity in both groups and substantial changes from baseline reported for TDT 064, thus preventing demonstration of an additional benefit for ketoprofen in Transfersome. Both treatments were well tolerated. Further investigation of the beneficial effect of the epicutaneous placebo (TDT 064) is ongoing. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> M. Rother Shareholder of: IDEA AG (sponsor of the trial), Employee of: IDEA AG (sponsor of the trial) at the time of trial conduct, R. Lipetz: None Declared, S. Dunmyer: None Declared
“Pill Esophagitis” — The Case of Alendronate
Authors: Donald O. Castell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Esophageal mucosal injury from the noxious effect of gastric contents refluxing up the esophagus is a common condition. Much less common is esophagitis from injurious agents passing down the esophagus, seen in its most dramatic form after the ingestion (usually accidental) of caustic alkali.1 The potential for medications, such as quinidine, potassium, and tetracycline derivatives, to cause esophagitis or discrete ulcers has recently been recognized.2 This effect usually results from prolonged contact of the medication with the esophageal mucosa and the ability of the drug to alter the local conditions, such as tetracycline's production of an acidic pH. It is . . .
The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Normotensive and Hypertensive Patients with Acromegaly
Authors: Georges Strauch, Michel B. Vallotton, Yvan Touitou, Henri Bricaire
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Abstract The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system was found to be normal in 10 normotensive patients with acromegaly both in the basal state and after sodium deprivation and in the upright position. In this group, blood volume was significantly increased during normal sodium intake. In four of five hypertensive patients with acromegaly, primary hyperaldosteronism, suspected from the finding of a suppressed renin-angiotensin system, was confirmed by increased aldosterone secretion rates; an adrenal adenoma was found in the one patient in whom surgery was performed. These data indicate that study of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system is worthwhile in hypertensive patients with acromegaly since, in case of an associated primary hyperaldosteronism, cure or effective relief of high blood pressure may be expected.
The Hyperlipidemia of the Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: G B Appel, A Valeri, A S Appel, C Blum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Lipid abnormalities in patients with the nephrotic syndrome have long been recognized. However, the significance of these lipid abnormalities, the mechanisms producing them, and their potential treatment have all been a cause of debate. Recent data have helped clarify each of these areas of controversy. Studies of the lipoprotein abnormalities of patients with the uncomplicated nephrotic syndrome have shown that many will have elevated levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas only a few will have elevated levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. If these lipid abnormalities have the same significance in this population as in other populations studied, then some patients with unremitting nephrotic syndrome will be at high risk for cardiovascular disease. The elevated cholesterol levels noted in the nephrotic syndrome are caused primarily by enhanced hepatic synthesis, with lesser contributions by decreased clearance and altered enzyme activities. The signal for enhanced hepatic lipogenesis may relate to changes in plasma albumin concentration, plasma oncotic pressure, a local effect of viscosity at the hepatic sinusoidal level, or a loss of urinary proteins or other liporegulatory substances. Recently, a number of short-term studies in nephrotic patients have documented the safety and efficacy of lipid-lowering drugs such as the bile acid-binding resins, probucol, and the HMGCoA (hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A) reductase inhibitors.
The Trans-Pacific Partnership — Is It Bad for Your Health?
Authors: Amy Kapczynski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Interview with Prof. Amy Kapczynski on provisions in the Trans-Pacific Partnership that could affect access to drugs in the United States and abroad. (17:49)Download Several leaked chapters of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement indicate that it could have a substantial effect on health, largely by increasing the costs of medications in both low-income and high-income countries.
Abstract 2842: Gene expression and genetic variation of the matrix metalloproteinase family: evidence for association with endometrial cancer risk and prognosis
Authors: Tracy A. O'Mara, Katie Gregory, Kaltin Ferguson, Jonathan Morrison, Judith A. Clements, Grant Montgomery, Penelope M. Webb, Alison M. Dunning, Douglas F. Easton, Amanda B. Spurdle
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Proteases such as the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of proteases have emerged as being important to cancer aetiology and progression. Differences in gene and protein expression have been reported to be associated with many cancers and increased MMP expression is frequently reported to be associated with poor prognostic features. Although no MMP SNPs have been identified to be associated with cancer in all genome-wide association studies published to date, this is not be surprising given the extremely poor coverage of these gene families (1-38% for individual genes), and the knowledge that virtually all study designs to date have been underpowered to detect the small effect sizes expected for common SNPs. We have embarked on a study to assess the relevance of MMP expression and their SNPs in predisposition and prognosis of endometrial cancer, a largely hormonally driven cancer. An extensive literature review revealed that 62/69 studies reported overexpression of MMPs to be associated with poor prognostic features (grade, stage or survival) of hormone-related cancers, including endometrial cancer. Analysis of endometrial tumour MMP gene expression data from 18 different publications was undertaken to identify differentially expressed MMPs (&amp;gt;2-fold) associated with tumour predisposition and/or prognosis, based preferably on raw expression data but otherwise on reported gene lists. Although coverage of the MMP gene family was incomplete for the different expression platforms, this exercise prioritized 14 MMPs for further study in relation to risk and/or prognosis of endometrial cancer. We then mined the stage 1 results for the genome-wide association study we are undertaking to identify novel genetic variants associated with endometrial cancer risk, which involves comparison of 1285 Australian and British endometrial cancer cases of endometrioid subtype reporting Caucasian ethnicity scanned with the Illumina 610K BeadChip, and existing genome-wide scan control data available from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium. A SNP falling in a prioritized MMP with only 19% coverage was found to be significant at P=0.002 (trend test). This SNP has been selected for confirmation in replication sample sets from 9 studies for association with endometrial cancer predisposition, and will be analyzed with SNPs from other prioritized MMP genes for association with prognostic indicators such as grade. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2842.
Secondary Leukemias Receive Increased Attention
Authors: E. Blume
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Secondary Leukemias Receive Increased Attention Get access Elaine Blume Elaine Blume Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 5, 1 March 1995, Pages 336–337, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.5.336 Published: 01 March 1995
Adenovirus-related gastric lesion in a patient with a bone marrow transplant
Authors: N. Inoue, H. Isomoto, N. Yamaguchi, T. Hayashi, Y. Sawayama, K. Ohnita, F. Takeshima, S. Shikuwa, Y. Miyazaki, K. Nakao
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Adenovirus is one the many pathogens and opportunistic agents that may cause serious infection in immunocompromised hosts or in patients undergoing immunosuppressive treatment for organ and tissue transplantation [1]. Gastrointestinal lesions associated with adenovirus infection have been rarely reported, probably because of a lack of awareness.
Aerosol Polymyxin and Pneumonia in Seriously Ill Patients
Authors: T. W. Feeley, G. C. du Moulin, J. Hedley-Whyte, L. S. Bushnell, J. P. Gilbert, D. S. Feingold
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Pneumonia caused by Pseudomoncis aeruginosa occurs frequently in critically ill patients and is associated with a mortality rate of 70 per cent. An aerosol of polymyxin B was administered (2.5 mg per kilogram per day) to the upper airways of 292 patients in a respiratory-surgical intensive-care unit during a seven-month period, in an attempt to prevent Ps. aeruginosa pneumonia. Although only one of the patients studied acquired pneumonia due to Ps. aeruginosa, 10 others acquired pneumonia caused by a polymyxin-resistant organism. Seven pneumonias were caused by organisms not frequently pathogenic to man (flavobacteria, serratia and Streptococcus faecalis). The mortality rate for acquired pneumonia in this study, 64 per cent, is greater than that in previous studies in which either no polymyxin or cyclic polymyxin therapy was used. Continuous use of polymyxin B aerosol appears to be a dangerous form of therapy. (N Engl J Med 293:471–475, 1975)
Quantitative regional determination of morphometric indices of the total and perfused capillary network in the rat brain.
Authors: H R Weiss, E Buchweitz, T J Murtha, M Auletta
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

A new method has been developed to simultaneously and regionally determine various morphometric indices of the perfused and total capillary network in rat brain on a quantitative basis.A high molecular weight dextran, labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), was injected into the femoral vein of a barbiturate anesthetized rat.After 20 seconds, the animal was decapitated and the head frozen in liquid nitrogen.The anterior cortex, hypothalamus, thalamus, lenticulate nuclei, substantia nigra, hippocampus, posterior cortex, cerebellum, pons, and medulla were isolated and mounted in a microtome cryostat.Sections, 2 jum thick, were photographed with a fluorescent microscope to detect the perfused capillaries.The sections then were stained for alkaline phosphatase to visualize the total capillary network.Standard morphometric techniques were employed to determine the total and perfused volume, surface area, length, diameter, and number per mm 3 from the photographs.The method was validated in brain, muscle, and omentum to show that the technique did not alter the capillary network, that both the total and perfused capillary network were visualized, and that there was little tissue shrinkage.The study found no significant differences in the total capillary network on a regional basis in rat brain in comparisons of any of the above indices in the 10 large brain areas.Similarly, it was found that the perfused capillary network was not different on a regional basis.Within the cortex, both total and perfused indices were greater in grey than white matter.The perfused capillary network ranged from 50.1% to 56.9% of total for the various indices determined.The percentage of the capillary network perfused increased significantly in a series of asphyxiated rats.Diameter of the capillaries in the control series averaged 6.05 ± 1.09 ixm (mean ± SD) and was not significantly greater in the portion of the bed which was perfused.(
A Large Pelvic Soft Tissue Mass Implied by Subtle Bone Scan Findings
Authors: Jianmin Huang, Sherwin Chan, Sabah Servase, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

An 18-year-old man with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and osseous metastases underwent bone scintigraphy to monitor the effect of chemotherapy. The images showed significant improvement of bone lesions. However, the scan revealed a vertically shaped urinary bladder and diffused increased activity in the genital region. A diagnostic pelvic CT was subsequently performed, which showed a thickened bladder wall, an ill-defined pelvic mass, and extensive subcutaneous edema in the genital region.