tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Revenge: An adaptive system for maximizing fitness, or a proximate calculation arising from personality and social-psychological processes?
Authors: Michael Potegal
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Revenge appears among a “suite” of social interactions that includes competition, alliance building (a prerequisite for tribal revenge raids), and so forth. Rather than a modular “system” directly reflecting evolutionary fitness constraints, revenge may be (another) social cost-benefit calculation involving potential or actual aggression and proximately controlled by individual personality characteristics and beliefs that can work against fitness.
Intestinal Infestation with<i>Ancylostoma ceylanicum</i>
Authors: Yao-Chun Hsu, Jaw-Town Lin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Under magnifying endoscopy, a worm is seen hooking its head into the intestinal mucosa. The parasite was removed and identified as Ancylostoma ceylanicum, a nematode that is endemic to Southeast Asia.
Abstract 2269: M402 - A novel heparan sulfate proteoglycan mimetic targeting tumor-host interactions
Authors: He Zhou, Sucharita Roy, Edward Cochran, Radouane Zouaoui, Juliane Karlgren, Nancy Dussault, Rain YQ Kwan, Jay Duffner, Ganlin Zhao, Sean Smith, Zoya Galcheva-Gargova, Erick Moy, Marishka Barnes, Chris Honan, Chia Lin Chu, Yi Wei Qi, Tanmoy Ganguly, Birgit Schultes, Ganesh Venkataraman, Takashi Kei Kishimoto
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) play important roles in tumorigenesis by mediating tumor-stromal interactions through the presentation of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines critical for tumor progression, survival and metastasis. M402 is a rationally engineered, non-cytotoxic HSPG mimetic, designed to disrupt tumor-host interactions. M402 binds and inhibits multiple factors including VEGF, FGF2, SDF-1α, and P-selectin. A single 20 mg/kg subcutaneous (s.c.) dose of M402 effectively reduced seeding of B16F10 murine melanoma cells to the lung in a syngeneic experimental metastasis model. Chronic administration of M402, alone or in combination with cisplatin or docetaxel, inhibited spontaneous metastasis of orthotopically implanted 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma in this model. M402 treatment also normalized circulating levels of GR1+ immature myeloid cells and platelet counts in 4T1 metastatic tumor bearing mice. Fluorescently-labeled M402 exhibited selective accumulation in the primary tumor. Immunohistological analyses of primary tumor presented a decrease in microvessel density in M402-treated animals, suggesting anti-angiogenesis may be one of the mechanisms involved in vivo. Importantly, M402, as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapeutics, also revealed significant survival benefits in this aggressive tumor model. These data demonstrate that targeting HSPG biology may provide a useful approach to attenuate multiple pathways involved in tumor progression and metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2269.
Impact of obstructive sleep apnoea on insulin resistance in nonobese and obese children
Authors: Dorit Koren, David Gozal, Mona F. Philby, Rakesh Bhattacharjee, Leila Kheirandish-Gozal
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has been inconsistently associated with insulin resistance and adverse metabolic states. We aimed to assess independent contributions of OSA to insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia in a large paediatric cohort. Habitually snoring children underwent overnight polysomnography, anthropometric measurements and fasting laboratory evaluations. Primary outcome measures included insulin, glucose, homeostasis model of insulin resistance, lipoproteins and sleep disturbance measures. Among 459 children aged 5–12 years, obesity was the primary driver of most associations between OSA and metabolic measures, but sleep duration was inversely associated with glucose levels, with N3 and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep being negatively associated and sleep fragmentation positively associated with insulin resistance measures. In children with mild OSA, the presence of obesity increased the odds for insulin resistance, while higher apnoea/hypopnoea index values emerged among obese children who were more insulin-resistant. The exclusive presence of interactions between OSA and obesity in the degree of insulin resistance is coupled with synergistic contributions by sleep fragmentation to insulin resistance in the context of obesity. Insufficient N3 or REM sleep may also contribute to higher glycaemia independently of obesity. Studies are needed to better delineate the roles of puberty and sleep fragmentation in insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome.
P67 Clinical predictive value of the medical research council sumscore in critically ill patients
Authors: B. Connolly, A. Curtis, G. Jones, P. Murphy, J. Moxham, N. Hart
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Manual muscle testing, in the form of the Medical Research Council sumscore (MRC-SS) is a widely accepted clinical tool for diagnosing intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW). Although MRC-SS is a simple bedside test, the nature of the test is volitional limiting its ability to distinguish poor motivation and impaired cognition from actual loss of muscle function. The clinical predictive value of the MRC-SS therefore needs to be assessed. <h3>Method</h3> Unselected adult ICU patients (=18 years) ventilated for =48 h were eligible. The conscious level of the patients was determined using the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale; a score −1 to +1 was indicative of awakening. Testing comprised of a two-stage process. <i>Stage 1:</i> Patients at awakening were required to follow 4 simple, one-stage commands. <i>Stage 2:</i> If all 4 one-stage commands were successfully completed, MRC-SS testing was performed by a specialist ICU rehabilitation clinician. ICU-AW was defined as MRC-SS &lt;48. ICU and hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS) were recorded in all the patients. <h3>Results</h3> 94 sequential awakening patients were recruited; 68.1% males (n=64), with a mean age for the whole cohort of 64.5±15.3 years. 29 patients were unable to successfully complete the 4 one-stage commands as a result of cognitive impairment. 65 patients completed the MRC-SS of whom 73.9% demonstrated ICU-AW at awakening. Results are shown in Abstract P67 table 1. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Almost a third of critically ill patients, from a sequential cohort, were unable to complete 4 one-stage commands and thus could not perform the MRC-SS. Although inability to successfully complete the one-stage commands conferred limited predictive value, those patients that could perform this task were more likely to survive ICU. Similarly an MRC-SS &lt;48 at awakening, presumed indicative of ICU-AW, conferred limited predictive value. However an MRC-SS =48 predicted ICU and hospital survival as well as an ICU LOS &lt;2 weeks. These data highlight the limitations of volitional tests in critically ill patients. It clearly challenges the current view that ICU-AW, as measured by volitional tests, is a predictor of poor outcome. These data confirm that preserved peripheral strength predicts a good outcome.
PTU-131 Cardiopulmonary exercise testing predicts prolonged hospital stay following oesophago-gastric cancer surgery
Authors: B Tan, K Sylvester, F Rashid, V Sujendran, A Hindmarsh, P Safranek, R Hardwick
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPEX) has been shown to be useful in assessing operative risks in patients undergoing major surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the value of CPEX in predicting complications and prolonged hospital stay in patients undergoing oesophago-gastric cancer resection. <h3>Method</h3> Between November 2013 and November 2014, 68 patients (52 men, 16 women) with a median age of 67 (range 32–82) years underwent CPEX before potentially curative resections for oesophago-gastric cancer. CPEX variables measured included oxygen uptake at the estimated lactate threshold (AT) and at peak exercise (VO2 max). Patients were mobilised on the first postoperative day with epidural analgesia and all oesophagectomy patients had feeding jejunostomies with feed starting on postoperative day one. Postoperative morbidity and mortality was determined using the Clavien-Dindo classification. <h3>Results</h3> The mean AT was 12.6 ± 3.1 ml kg<sup>-1 </sup>min<sup>-1</sup>(mean ± SD) and the mean VO2 max was 20.5 ± 5.5 ml kg<sup>-1 </sup>min<sup>-1</sup>. Serious post-operative complications (Clavien-Dindo score ≥3) occurred in 18 (26.5%) patients. There was no significant association between all variables of CPEX and the development of post-operative complications. Median length of hospital stay was 11 (range 6–78) days. VO2 max and body mass index (BMI) was associated with increased length of hospital stay (weight coefficient: -0.271; 95% C. I: -1.049 – -0.071; p = 0.025 and weight coefficient: 0.259; 95% C. I: 0.045–1.054; p = 0.033 respectively) on univariate linear regression analysis. Only VO2 max retained independent association with length of hospital stay on multivariate analysis. <h3>Conclusion</h3> CPEX is a poor predictor of post-operative complications in patients undergoing curative oesophago-gastric cancer resection. However, a lower VO2 max may be useful in identifying patients ‘at risk’ of prolonged length of hospital stay. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF GLOBAL LONGITUDINAL STRAIN AND CORRECTION OF PRIMARY MITRAL REGURGITATION IN PATIENTS WITH PRESERVED LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Alaa Alashi, Amgad Mentias, Krishna Patel, Amjad Abdallah, Zoran Popovic, A. Gillinov, Rakesh M. Suri, Tomislav Mihaljevic, Joseph Sabik, Lars Svensson, Brian Griffin, Milind Desai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Letter to the editor: Measles outbreak linked to an international dog show in Slovenia – primary cases and chains of transmission identified in Italy, November to December 2014
Authors: A Filia, F Riccardo, M Del Manso, P D’Agaro, F Magurano, A Bella, Collective Regional contact points for measles surveillance
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

Preview this article: Letter to the editor: Measles outbreak linked to an international dog show in Slovenia – primary cases and chains of transmission identified in Italy, November to December 2014, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/20/9/art21050-en-1.gif
A8.07 Characterising effects of epigenetic regulation in assays using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with inflammatory diseases
Authors: O Aftab, Y Sundström, F Bergqvist, K Kultima, MG Gustafsson, R Larsson, M Sundström, E Ossipova, J Lengqvist, PJ Jakobsson, J Rubin, L Berg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Systemic inflammatory diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and myositis, have largely unknown aetiology and represent a disease area with majorunmet medical needs. Treatment often give a clinical effect, but not in all patients; and symptoms often remain. In collaboration with the Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), we investigate cellular effects of chemical probes, which are drug-like molecules that can enter cells and which selectively inhibit potential new drug targets at therapeutically relevant doses. The effects we investigate are of two types, 1) either effects on expression of molecules which have been shown to be of pathological relevance in systemic inflammatory diseases, or 2) novel effects using unbiased analysis of the proteome. We have investigated cellular effects of 39 different probes which bind and inhibit epigenetic enzymes and regulators, such as bromodomains and histone methyltransferases. <h3>Material and methods</h3> Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors were incubated in presence of titrated doses (typically 0,01 – 10uM) of 39 different chemical probes for 1, 3 and 6 days. Cell viability was determined using the Fluorometricmicroculture cytotoxicity assay which is based on measurements of FDA hydrolysis, or by flow cytometry using the live/dead marker viability IR®&nbsp;combined with markers for T cells, B cells and monocytes. <h3>Results</h3> The viability of PBMC was affected by some of the epigenetic inhibitors and if so, viability decreased after 1–3 days of incubation. The two methods gave comparable results. In cases where the probes caused an increased cell death, it was typically seen in T cells, monocytes as well as in B cells. <h3>Planned studies</h3> We aim to investigate disease relevant effects of these epigenetic chemical probes using PBMC from patients with SLE or myositis, in particular type I interferon responsiveness and B cell maturation <i><i>in vitro</i></i>. In addition, proteomic analysis of cells cultured in presence of these probes will be investigated in an effort to describe novel effects of inhibiting specific epigenetic regulators.
STATIN INTENSITY AND OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE: INSIGHTS FROM THE TRA2P-TIMI 50 TRIAL
Authors: Ian Gilchrist, David Morrow, Benjamin Scirica, Mark Creager, Deepak Bhatt, Ping He, Sabina Murphy, Eugene Braunwald, Marc Bonaca
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Effects of a Circulating Factor in Patients with Essential Hypertension on Intracellular Free Calcium in Normal Platelets
Authors: Armando Lindner, Margaret Kenny, Alice J. Meacham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Intracellular free (cytosolic) calcium has been reported to be increased in the platelets of patients with essential hypertension. We investigated the possibility that the high cytosolic calcium concentration may be caused by a circulating plasma factor, by incubating platelets from normotensive subjects with plasma ultrafiltrates from patients with essential hypertension. The cytosolic calcium concentration in normal platelets increased after incubation with plasma from patients with untreated hypertension (80 +/- 15 percent [+/- SEM]) or from patients in whom hypertension was well controlled by calcium-influx blockers (129 +/- 33 percent). In contrast, the cytosolic calcium concentration was unchanged after incubation with plasma from normotensive subjects. When platelets from the patients were incubated with plasma from the controls, cytosolic calcium in platelets decreased by more than 30 percent, into the normal range (P less than 0.01). These data demonstrate that plasma from patients with essential hypertension contains a substance that increases the cytosolic calcium concentration in platelets. Cytosolic calcium is a trigger for vascular smooth-muscle-cell contraction, and if the plasma factor acts on these cells as it acts on platelets, it may be responsible for the increased peripheral vascular resistance associated with hypertension.
Tc-99m MAG3 Evaluation of Recipients With Dual Adult Cadaveric Renal Allografts
Authors: EDDY K. DUNN, DALE A. DISTANT, ARNOLD M. STRASHUN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Purpose: The application of Tc-99m mercaptoacetyl triglycine (MAG3) renal scintigraphy in patients who had simultaneous unilateral retroperitoneal transplant of both kidneys from marginal adult cadaveric donors is assessed. Methods: Eighteen patients who had this unusual form of kidney transplant were monitored and evaluated by Tc-99m MAG3 renal scintigraphy. More than 60 of the radioisotopic studies, including immediate postoperative and subsequent follow-up examinations, were performed among these patients. Results: In all the studies, the two transplanted kidneys were not equally well visualized by this scintigraphic procedure because of the inherent difference in their depth from the body surface, a feature of this particular surgical design. Despite this limitation, the efficacy of the scintigraphic procedure for such dual renal allografts appears to be similar to that established for kidney transplants performed in the conventional manner. Conclusion: To use the scintigraphic procedure effectively, certain sensible and logical adjustments are needed for the comparative visual and semiquantitative assessments of the two kidneys in this special form of transplantation.
IMPACT OF BASELINE ANGIOGRAPHIC COMPLEXITIES ON CLINICAL OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH PREVIOUS CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Takuya Nakahashi, Kenji Sakata, Hidenobu Terai, Yuki Horita, Masatoshi Ikeda, Masanobu Namura, Masayuki Takamura, Masa-Aki Kawashiri, Masakazu Yamagishi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
FRI0253 Biological Drug Therapy Prioritization Protocol as A Tool to Improve the Cost-Effectiveness Usage of Biological Drugs in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: J. Borras-Blasco, D.-E. Casterá, F.J. Abad, J.D. Rosique-Robles
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Until 2010 the cost of biological treatments in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) was increased annually by 15% in our hospital. Due this situation, in 1st January 2011, a Hospital Biological Drug Commission and Protocol of Biological Therapies were created to improve the cost-effectiveness usage of biological drugs in RA. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the pharmacoeconomic impact associated with a biological therapy prioritization Protocol for RA patients in the Hospital of Sagunto. <h3>Methods</h3> Observational, ambispective study comparing the associated cost of biotreated RA patients pre-protocol (2009-2010) versus post-protocol periods (2011-2012). Inclusion criteria: RA patients treated with Abatacept (ABA) Adalimumab (ADA), Etanercept (ETN) or Infliximab (IFX) for at least 6 months during the study period (2009-2012). The development of our prioritization protocol of biological therapies in RA patients was based on EULAR guidelines, NICE recommendations, cost savings associated with the use of etanercept 25 mg/week in our RA patients and immunogenicity biologic drug properties. Based on these clinical and cost- effectiveness appointments ETN was selected as 1st line therapy because our successful experience of ETN 25 mg/weekly in certain RA patients, its subcutaneous administration and lowest theoretical cost per patient in Spain. Cost savings and economic impact were calculated using Spanish official prices. <h3>Results</h3> In the pre-protocol period (2009-2010), total expenses were increased by €110,000, up to €1,761,000 in 2010 (€11,362 pat/year). After protocol implementation, total expenses decreased by €53,676 on the 2010-2011 period, and €149,200 on the 2011-2012 period. On the 2010-2011 period the cost of biological therapy per patient-year decreased €355 (€11,007 pat/year) and additional €653 (up to €10,354 pat/year) by 2012, with a cumulative effect of the protocol implementation of €1,008 per patient-year. In the pre-protocol period, the annual cost/patient was €10.812 with ETN, €10.942 with IFX, €12.961 with ADA and €12.739 with ABA. By 1st Jan 2013, the annual cost per patient was €9,469 with ETN, €10,579 with IFX, €11,117 with ADA and €13,540 with ABA. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The creation of our Commission of Biological Therapies is key to rational management of RA patients and optimization of resources, allowing us to save €200,000 after 2-year efficiency protocol implementation. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> The authors wish to thank the members of the Sagunto Hospital Biological Drug Commission <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2708
Soundings: Consultants' hootenanny
Authors: James Owen Drife
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Doctors gather in large numbers rarely and only for serious reasons—political, educational, or funereal. Our purely social occasions tend to be segregated by specialty or age, or to invoke a sense of duty. Most of us would be wryly amused at the thought of colleagues massing simply to have a good time.

Imagine my feelings, then, at being appointed, in my absence, social convener for the senior staff committee and asked to organise a morale boosting event for the consultants of our recently merged mega-trust. For years the driving force in each constituent hospital had been antipathy towards the others. Now we no longer squabbled. None of us knew enough colleagues to quarrel with.

The idea of a hootenanny emerged from discussion with my son, a socially skilled twentysomething. The committee greeted the idea with acclaim and suggested hiring Leeds Town Hall, scene of hospital tea dances in more spacious days. The consultant body responded enthusiastically to a mailshot. Only later did they admit that nobody knew what a hootenanny was.

Officially it is “a party with folk singing and sometimes dancing, esp an informal concert with folk music (N Am colloq).” Recently it was the title of a Jools Holland television show with several bands and an audience in one big studio. Surely a trust with more than 400 consultants could produce half a dozen musical groups.

Most medical school applicants can play an instrument. Almost all give up on acceptance, but a few maintain their skills into mid-life. These are wonderful people. Not only are they willing to stand up and be counted, but also they can persuade non-medical fellow musicians to turn up in return for a free supper.

The evening was magic. It started with an orthopaedic bagpiper on the steps and a professorial Dixieland band onstage. Female vocalists accompanied dinner with electric jazz and later a long haired Blues Brother played sax as he shuffled among the dancers. Volunteers in the gallery shone spotlights on the Soul Surgeons, swaying in a riot of colour. As midnight approached, an anaesthetist stood on a table and pumped out lead guitar. Man, the place was jumping.

Afterwards the committee agreed that our morale had indeed been boosted. Certainly, with a rock band at full volume nobody can hear you whinge.