tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTH-175 Raman mapping for pathology classification: the need for speed
Authors: OJ Old, M Isabelle, G Lloyd, C Kendall, H Barr, N Stone
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Raman spectroscopy has been shown to accurately classify tissue pathology in a variety of conditions and organ systems. Much of this work has been performed using Raman microspectrometers on <i>ex vivo</i>tissue sections with long acquisition times, and measurements can take many hours. To enable translation of this technology to a clinical setting, either as an adjunct for pathologists or an <i>in vivo</i>probe for point of care testing, measurement times must be reduced. By using Renishaw’s Streamline™ technologywhich combines a line focusing technique and pixel binning, it is possible to collect Raman spectral measurements much faster without compromising signal to noise. This study aims to assess the ability of this technique to accurately classify tissue pathology, using an oesophageal model. <h3>Method</h3> Tissue was collected from the oesophagus in patients undergoing endoscopy of open surgery on the oesophagus. Specimens were collected from patients with Barrett’s oesophagus (BO), dysplasia and adenocarcinoma, and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen. 8 µm tissue sections were prepared onto calcium fluoride slides, with contiguous sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) for histological comparison. Raman spectra were collected across homogeneous regions of tissue pathology, using Streamline™ acquisitions of 60 s per pixel, at 1.1 µm spatial resolution. Classification models were constructed to discriminate pathology subtypes. <h3>Results</h3> Advanced multivariate statistic analysis tools were used to develop pathology classification models, which were then tested using leave-one-out cross-validation. The sensitivity and specificity of this pathology classification model using Raman Spectroscopy to discriminate dysplasia/adenocarcinoma from Barrett’s oesophagus produced sensitivity and specificities &gt;75% and &gt;75%, respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> By combining multivariate statistical analysis with Streamline<sup>TM </sup>Raman acquisition of spectral data, we have demonstrated good sensitivities and specificities. This study illustrates the potential of non-invasive rapid Raman spectral mapping measurements and development of a robust and validated oesophageal classification model that are able to classify tissue pathology both providing a clinical tool for pathologists and clinicians. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Shetty G, <i>et al</i>. Raman spectroscopy: elucidation of biochemical changes in carcinogenesis of oesophagus. Br J Cancer. 2006;94(10):1460–4
Hormone-Dependent Stem-Cell Rat Leukemia Evoked by a Series of Feedings of 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene2
Authors: Charles B. Huggins, Hiroki Yoshida, Colin C. Bird
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

A series of feedings of a lipid solution of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) given biweekly by gastric intubation to juvenile rats of the Long-Evans strain elicited leukemias reproducibly, rapidly, and in high yields: females 82%; males 70%. The leukemias were predominantly of a single kind. A total of 56 consecutive leukemias were classified: stem-cell 55; myelogenous 1. The stem-cell leukemia grew exuberantly in sinusoids of liver, with diffuse replacement of the entire sinusoidal endothelium by leukemic stem cells. Allogeneic transplantation of whole blood of rats with advanced stem-cell leukemia to the subcutaneous tissue of the newborn resulted in sarcomas composed of undifferentiated stem cells at the injection site, together with secondary leukemia. Many of the stem-cell sarcomas and leukemias regressed rapidly and completely after hypophysectomy. A single feeding of large amounts of DMBA was specially toxic in male Sprague-Dawley rats; multiple feedings resulted in a high yield of stem-cell leukemias.
SP0092 How Do Nurses Assess and Manage the Patients' Cardiovascular Risk? Results From European Studies
Authors: J. Primdahl
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

In 2010 the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) published recommendations for CVR management, which advocated CVR assessment in all patients with RA and to consider this in patients with other types of inflammatory arthritis (IA). Nurses are increasingly undertaking CVR assessment and management. We aimed to explore nurses9 role in assessing and managing CVR in Europe, in order to suggest recommendations for future development and research in this area regarding persons with IA. A systematic literature search was conducted in Embase, Cinahl, Cochrane, PsychInfo and PubMed. European articles from the past 10 years were included if they described how nurses assessed and or managed cardiovascular risk. Trained nurses are undertaking CVR assessment and management in different settings and groups of patients. The assessments include blood-pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, glucose and lipid-profile, adherence to medication and behavioural risk factors (unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, alcohol use and smoking). Different tools were used to calculate the patients9 risk. Risk management differed from brief advice to long term follow-up. Nurses tend to take a holistic and individually tailored approach. Examples of inclusion of rheumatology nurses in these tasks are scarce. With proper training, risk assessment, -communication and -management are highly relevant tasks for the rheumatology nurse to undertake in patients with IA. Further studies are needed to assess the patients9 perspective, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of nurse-led risk assessment and management in reducing patients9 risk for development of diabetes and CVD. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Website of the week: Health care in developing countries
Authors: Rhona MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications (INASP) wants there to be “universal access to reliable information for health care workers in developing and transitional countries.” Its website (www.inasp.org.uk/) helps to make this goal realistic, providing useful links to information resources, mainly in Africa and Latin America, including local library links. The Links and Resources …
Persistent nodal histoplasmosis in nuclear factor kappa B essential modulator deficiency: Report of a case and review of infection in primary immunodeficiencies
Authors: Jana P. Lovell, Ladan Foruraghi, Alexandra F. Freeman, Gulbu Uzel, Christa S. Zerbe, Helen Su, Amy P. Hsu, Steven M. Holland
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections — Turning the Tide
Authors: Susan S. Huang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

In the wake of an otherwise successful first phase of the National Action Plan to Prevent Health Care–Associated Infections, the reduction in catheter-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs) has been elusive.1 Increasing rates of infection by 2012 signaled an inability to contain this common infection, even if some of the rise was attributable to broader definitions of catheter-associated UTI instituted earlier that year. A study of the On the CUSP: Stop CAUTI program, reported by Saint et al.2 in this issue of the Journal, showed a significant reduction in catheter-associated UTIs in inpatient units that were not intensive care units (non-ICUs), . . .
PTH-208 Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) in palliative oncology patients – a UK single centre case series with survival analysis
Authors: N Keane, F Bertsch, PS Patel, K Fragkos, I Barnova, M Samaan, S Morgan, LA Smith, M Babbington, S Di Caro, F Rahman
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> HPN support should be a nutritional management strategy in patients who cannot meet their nutritional requirements by oral or enteral routes and those who are eligible to receive therapy outside an acute-care setting.<sup>1</sup>However, use of HPN in incurable patients who cannot eat remains controversial and is only accounted for by approximately 8% of the UK HPN population.<sup>2</sup>We therefore aimed to describe the HPN palliativeoncology cohort at University College London Hospital (UCLH) and identify what factors determine their survival rates and performance status. <h3>Method</h3> Data was collected retrospectively and prospectively for palliative oncologypatients receiving HPNthrough hospital computer systems and databases stored by members of the Nutrition team at UCLH between 01/01/2006 to 31/12/2014 (censor date). Survival time was expressed in weeks, Kaplan Meier curves were plotted and performance status was obtained using Karnofsky score (KPS). <h3>Results</h3> A cohort of n = 65 (n = 12 active at analysis) palliative oncology patients (male 36.9%, median age 56 years) recieved HPN at UCLH from 2006–2014. Cancers of the following aetiologies comprised most of the cohort: upper gastrointestinal (n = 13, 20%); lower gastrointestinal (n = 15, 23%); and gynaecological (n = 24, 36.9%). The main indicator for HPN was bowel obstruction (n = 44). Overall mean/median survival was 22.4 and 10 weeks (range: 0.4 to 193.3), respectively (Figure 1). Survival also differed by malignancy (mean/median survival-weeks: upper gastrointestinal 10.3/6.4; lower gastrointestinal 24.8/10.7), gynaecological 28.1/8.3). Overall median KPS was 50. The correlation between KPS and survival from discharge to death was r = 0.315 (P &lt; 0.05) in n = 48 patients. Abstract PTH-208 Figure 1 Survival of palliative oncology HPN patients (N = 65) <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our results show there is an indication for HPN in palliative oncology patients as it may increase survival period post hospital discharge however this may differ by underlying malignancy. In addition, HPN may improve performance status. Further research is required into patients’ quality of life to provide holistic as well as medical insights into HPN in this patient group. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Staun M, <i>et al</i>. ESPEN guidelines on Parenteral nutrition: Home Parenteral Nutrtiion (HPN) in adult patients. Clin Nutr. 2009:467–479 BANS: Annual BANS Report, 2011; Artificial Nutrition Support in the UK 2000–2010. www.bapen.org.uk
CRISPR Screens Provide a Comprehensive Assessment of Cancer Vulnerabilities but Generate False-Positive Hits for Highly Amplified Genomic Regions
Authors: Diana M. Munoz, Pamela J. Cassiani, Li Li, Eric Billy, Joshua M. Korn, Michael D. Jones, Javad Golji, David A. Ruddy, Kristine Yu, Gregory McAllister, Antoine DeWeck, Dorothee Abramowski, Jessica Wan, Matthew D. Shirley, Sarah Y. Neshat, Daniel Rakiec, Rosalie de Beaumont, Odile Weber, Audrey Kauffmann, E. Robert McDonald, Nicholas Keen, Francesco Hofmann, William R. Sellers, Tobias Schmelzle, Frank Stegmeier, Michael R. Schlabach
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2016)

CRISPR/Cas9 has emerged as a powerful new tool to systematically probe gene function. We compared the performance of CRISPR to RNAi-based loss-of-function screens for the identification of cancer dependencies across multiple cancer cell lines. CRISPR dropout screens consistently identified more lethal genes than RNAi, implying that the identification of many cellular dependencies may require full gene inactivation. However, in two aneuploid cancer models, we found that all genes within highly amplified regions, including nonexpressed genes, scored as lethal by CRISPR, revealing an unanticipated class of false-positive hits. In addition, using a CRISPR tiling screen, we found that sgRNAs targeting essential domains generate the strongest lethality phenotypes and thus provide a strategy to rapidly define the protein domains required for cancer dependence. Collectively, these findings not only demonstrate the utility of CRISPR screens in the identification of cancer-essential genes, but also reveal the need to carefully control for false-positive results in chromosomally unstable cancer lines.
Establishment and characterization of a new granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-dependent and interleukin-3-dependent human acute myeloid leukemia cell line (GF-D8)
Authors: A Rambaldi, S Bettoni, S Tosi, G Giudici, R Schiro, GM Borleri, M Abbate, F Chiaffarino, F Colotta, T Barbui
Journal: Blood (1993)
AB0347 Effects of Physical Activity and Anti-TNF-Alpha Disease Control on Lipid Profile of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients:
Authors: F. Cacciapaglia, S. Iervolino, M.G. Anelli, D. Mazzotta, C. Zincarelli, N. Pappone, F. Iannone, G. Lapadula
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with reduced life expectancy mainly due to an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Chronic inflammation seems to play a key role in accelerated rate of CVD in RA. Exercise is commonly used to reduce metabolic CV risk factors, but as disease activity influences both inflammatory status and movement capability of RA patients, several studies lack to understand the real outcome of biological treatment on lipid profile, and conflicting results have been found for anti-TNF agents. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the effect of a structured rehabilitation program on lipid profile of RA patients with low-disease activity/remission during anti-TNF treatment. <h3>Methods</h3> This study included RA patients, referred to our outpatient clinics from June to December 2013, achieving the DAS28&lt;2.6 after 12 weeks of anti-TNF and DMARDs, and belonging to the II class of the ACR global functional classification. Patients were randomized into 2 groups: Group 1) underwent a 6-week-lasting twice/daily comprehensive rehabilitation, defined as systematic multidisciplinary treatment; Group 2) had their habitual daily physical activity without any adjunctive rehabilitative intervention. Disease activity and lipid profile (Total Cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, Triglycerides, Atherogenic Index) were measured before and after 12 weeks. <h3>Results</h3> We enrolled 40 patients (29 female; mean age 57±13 years; mean disease duration 7±5 years) with DAS28-CRP&lt;2.6 in the ACR functional class II, and 19 patients underwent to the rehabilitative program (Group 1). After the observational period no disease flare were observed. We recorded a significant reduction of the atherogenic index and a HDL-C increasing in both study groups, but only in the Group 1 we detected a significant reduction of the Total Cholesterol and LDL-C (see Table). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The suitable control of inflammation seems to have a main influence only on HDL-C while structured physical activity not only improves functional performance in RA patients but also results in a more favorable modification in lipid profile, with Total-C and LDL-C reduction too. The effective control of inflammation and disease activity and a full management of the several CV risk factors, also with physical activity, are a key challenge to improve RA patients health. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
PWE-280 Faecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and interval bowel cancers-results of a multicentre study
Authors: AT George, S Aggarwal, A Menon, M Dube, M Vogler, R Logan, A Field
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> We aimed to assess the incidence and demographics of interval cancers (cancers diagnosed within 2 years of a negative FOBT screening) in the eligible population of the East Midlands region. <h3>Method</h3> The National Bowel Cancer Audit Programme data from three centres (Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham; Royal Derby Hospital and Sherwood Forest Hospitals) for all colorectal cancers in the screening age group (60–74 years)over a 2-year period (August 2011–August 2013) were linked for their FOBT screening status (BCSP database/Eastern Hub). Three cancer groups were identified: interval cancers, screen detected (positive FOBT) and those in the non-uptake group (eligible patients who declined screening). Tumours at and distal to the splenic flexure were classed as left sided tumours. Dukes C and D tumours were classed as advanced tumours. All three centres were in incident rounds of screening. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 521 colorectal cancers identified, 128 (25%) were interval cancers, 162(31%) were screen detected and 231 (44%) were from the non-uptake group. Gender, ethnicity and Deprivation index were comparable between the three groups. The mean age in the interval cancer group was greater (67 yrs) compared to the screen detected (66 yrs) (<i>p = 0.005</i>). The interval cancer group had a higher incidence of right sided cancers (38% vs. 25% and 29%; <i>X</i><sup>2</sup>=6.59; p = 0.033) compared to the screen-detected and non-uptake groups. Cancers detected in the interval cancer group were of a more advanced stage (Dukes C/D) (70% vs. 34% and 54%; <i>X</i><sup>2</sup>=37.2;<i>p &lt; 0.005</i>) in comparison to screen-detected and non-uptake groups. The one year mortality in the interval cancer group (16%) was higher than the non-uptake group (12%) and the screen detected group (3%) (16%vs12% and 3%; X2=13.8;<i>p &lt; 0.005</i>). <h3>Conclusion</h3> A quarter of colorectal cancers identified in our screening-eligible population were interval cancers. We highlight the probability that these cancers were ‘missed’ by the guaiac-based FOBT screening tests. The interval cancer group also had poorer outcomes when compared to the screen-detected group. We highlight the need for a test with a lower false negative rate for population based FOBT screening. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Satisfaction?
Authors: Rosemarie L Conigliaro
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Association of NAD(P)H Oxidase p22phox With Diabetic Nephropathy Is Still Uncertain
Authors: Andrea D. Hodgkinson, Beverley A. Millward, Andrew G. Demaine
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

We have noted the comments made by Doi, Noiri, and Tokunaga (1) in this issue of Diabetes Care . To our knowledge, our study (2) is the first to look at Caucasoid patients with type 1 diabetes. Previous studies have reported on type 2 diabetes. Unlike these previous studies, we have a unique group of patients with no microvascular disease after 20 years’ duration of diabetes (mean duration of …
Psychiatric malpractice: the California experience
Authors: P F Slawson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

The cost of psychiatric malpractice insurance has increased dramatically in recent years. To shed light on the extent to which this increase is justified the author polled 133 California psychiatrists who had indicated experience with some form of claims activity over the past 5 years. The 107 respondents reported 105 cases, of which 57 (54%) resulted in no more than a notification of a possible claim, 22 (21%) did not proceed beyond legal deposition, 20 (19%) were settled by dollar payment before trial, and 6 (6%) were left to the courts. The author recommends tort reform and refinement of reported claim and loss data to contain the cost of malpractice insurance.
Electric Shock
Authors: Robert Murray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

ELECTRICITY, whether produced by water, coal, oil or atomic energy, is the most convenient and widespread world source of power for domestic and industrial purposes. The number of accidents due to electricity has not risen correspondingly with the increasing utilization of electric power, but they tend to be serious and often fatal when they do occur.The subject of electric shock has received comparatively little attention in the medical literature of English-speaking countries, in contradistinction to a number of European countries, where active research has been going on for a considerable time into what is known as electropathology. Interest in . . .
Adverse effects and tolerability of β blockers
Authors: Franz H Messerli, Sripal Bangalore, Ehud Grossman
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Regarding side effects and tolerability of β blockers, Kotecha and colleagues state: “Although β blockers are often associated with side effects, data from randomised trials consistently show no true difference compared with placebo in dizziness, diarrhoea, increased blood sugar concentration, or depression …
Whole lung lavage for lipoid pneumonia
Authors: Chris Lau, Basem B Abdelmalak, Carol F Farver, Daniel A Culver
Journal: Thorax (2016)

We evaluated a 49-year-old woman who had worsening shortness of breath, non-productive cough and recurrent low-grade fevers over 6 months despite several courses of antibiotics. Her medical history was remarkable for suspected immunodeficiency that had been treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and recurrent pneumonia, including methicillin-resistant S taphylococcus aureus empyema requiring left decortication 2 years earlier. Repeated CT scans of her lung showed progressive patchy ground-glass and consolidative opacities bilaterally with septal prominence (figure 1A).



Figure 1 
CT of the lung showing (white arrow) consolidation with (black triangle) patchy ground-glass opacities and (black arrows) septal thickening (A) before and (B) after whole lung lavage.



We performed bronchoscopy. Bronchoalveolar lavage cultures and special stains for bacteria, acid-fast bacilli and fungi were negative. Transbronchial biopsies revealed clusters of alveolar macrophages with …