tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer pain management with hydromorphone OROS in Korean cancer patients: Evaluation of its clinical usefulness in reduction of breakthrough pain medication frequency: Multicenter, prospective, open-label study.
Authors: K. Lee, M. Kim, M. Hyun, H. Song, J. Kim, K. Park, W. Lee, Y. Cho, S. Bae, H. Ryoo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e19566 Background: A majority of patients with cancer experience cancer pain of higher than moderate severity during the progression of cancer. Of these, 2/3 of patients with cancer have been reported to be inflicted with breakthrough pain. Methods: The primary objective is to evaluate the clinical usefulness of hydromorphone OROS in reduction of breakthrough pain medication frequency in Korean patients. Subjects include patients who are given strong oral narcotic analgesics for the treatment of cancer pain. This study enrolled only patients who took immediate-release analgesics more than twice a day on average for the treatment of breakthrough pain during a 3-day period prior to Visit 2. When patients selected, patients were switched to test drug using a 2.5: 1 conversion ratio of controlled release oxycodone equivalent to hydromorphone hydrochloride, with no washout or overlap of previous opioid therapy and study medication. Results: Total 117 patients received the investigational drug and only 98 patients completed the last fourth assessment. The frequency of the use of immediate- release analgesics for the management of breakthrough pain was decreased from 2.93 times to 2.00 times (p<0.000). The incidence of breakthrough pain was also decreased from 3.67 times to 2.44 times (p<0.0001). K-BPI score was also decreased from 3.6 to 3.2. In 61.2% of patients had a satisfaction with the pain treatment. In regard to the preference to test drug in 83.7% of patients who completed the treatment, 82.95% of patients preferred test drug because ‘the cancer pain could be controlled with a one-time treatment'. 25.5% of patients showed improvement of CGI-I. In EORTC QLQ-C30 analysis, only pain and diarrhea among the symptom scales improved. In 91.2% of patients who used analgesics, the side effects occurred in such an order as constipation, drowsiness and dizziness. But there were no cases of uncontrolled specific side effects. Conclusions: A 24-hr sustained-release type of hydromorphone OROS tablet significantly diminished the use of immediate-release analgesics and the incidence of breakthrough pain. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Interventions Intended to Support Breastfeeding
Authors: Valerie Flaherman, Isabelle Von Kohorn
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cumulative false-positives (FP) in the prostate, lung, colorectal, ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial
Authors: J. H. Miller, B. S. Kramer, A. R. Kreimer, P. C. Prorok, J. Xu, S. G. Baker, R. Fagerstrom, C. D. Berg, J. K. Gohagan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

1503 Background: Multiple cancer screening tests have been advocated for the general population. However, providers and patients are not always well-informed of the burdens incurred by screening. We sought to determine the cumulative risk of a FP screen, and resulting diagnostic procedure risk, for an individual in a multiple modality screening program. Methods: Data were analyzed for a 3-year period from the intervention arm of the randomized PLCO Cancer Screening Trial. Eligible individuals were 55 to 74 years of age with no prior history of prostate, lung, colorectal, or ovarian cancer. Additional exclusion criteria were: 1) death before/refusal to take/missing all screens, and 2) less than 3-year follow-up. 68,415 participants were included. The control arm received “usual care.” Women randomized to screening were offered annual CA-125, transvaginal ultrasound, CXR, and baseline plus 3- or 5-year sigmoidoscopy (FSG). Men randomized to screening were offered annual digital rectal exam, PSA, CXR, and baseline plus 3- or 5-year FSG. Fourteen exams were possible for each sex over the study period. We defined a FP as a positive screen with no target cancer diagnosis after at least 3-years follow-up. Advanced adenomas (villous histology, severe cellular dysplasia, or =1cm in diameter) were considered true positives. Results: 42.6% (N=29,152) of participants had at least one FP. Using a geometric distribution model, the cumulative risk of a FP after 1 screen was 5.7% for men, and 2.2% for women. After 14 tests, the risk was 62.2% for men and 50.7% for women. Sensitivity analysis for FP risk after 14 tests by Kaplan-Meier method demonstrated a cumulative FP risk of 61.5% for men and 54.5% for women. The consequent cumulative risk of a diagnostic procedure was about 27% for men and 18% for women after 14 tests. Conclusions: For an individual participating in a multiple modality cancer screening trial, the risk of a FP exceeded 50% by the 14 th test. Physicians should educate patients about the risks of FP tests and resulting diagnostic interventions when counseling about cancer screening regimens. [Table: see text]
Tertiary lymphoid organs in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Aden Lau, Susan Lester, Sophia Moraitis, Judy Ou, Alkis J. Psaltis, Shaun McColl, Maureen Rischmueller, Peter-John Wormald, Sarah Vreugde
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Result of FDG PET Imaging After Chemotherapy +/− Immunotherapy Is a Significant and Independent Prognostic Indicator of Outcome for Patients with Follicular Lymphoma: Survey From a Single Institution
Authors: Massimo Magagnoli, Rita Mazza, Sara Gandolfi, Marcello Rodari, Laura Giordano, Antonella Anastasia, Egesta Lopci, Arturo Chiti, Armando Santoro, Monica Balzarotti
Journal: Blood (2011)
Uptake of hepatitis C screening, characteristics of patients tested, and intervention costs in the BEST‐C study
Authors: Joanne E. Brady, Danielle K. Liffmann, Anthony Yartel, Natalie Kil, Alex D. Federman, Joseph Kannry, Cynthia Jordan, Omar I. Massoud, David R. Nerenz, Kimberly A. Brown, Bryce D. Smith, Claudia Vellozzi, David B. Rein
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

From December 2012 to March 2014, three randomized trials, each implementing a unique intervention in primary care settings (repeated mailing, an electronic health record best practice alert [BPA], and patient solicitation), evaluated hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody testing, diagnosis, and costs for each of the interventions compared with standard-of-care testing. Multilevel multivariable models were used to estimate the adjusted risk ratio (aRR) for receiving an HCV antibody test, and costs were estimated using activity-based costing. The goal of this study was to estimate the effects of interventions conducted as part of the Birth-Cohort Evaluation to Advance Screening and Testing for Hepatitis C study on HCV testing and costs among persons of the 1945-1965 birth cohort (BC). Intervention resulted in substantially higher HCV testing rates compared with standard-of-care testing (26.9% versus 1.4% for repeated mailing, 30.9% versus 3.6% for BPA, and 63.5% versus 2.0% for patient solicitation) and significantly higher aRR for testing after controlling for sex, birth year, race, insurance type, and median household income (19.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 9.7-38.2] for repeated mailing, 13.2 [95% CI, 3.6-48.6] for BPA, and 32.9 [95% CI, 19.3-56.1] for patient solicitation). The BPA intervention had the lowest incremental cost per completed test ($24 with fixed startup costs, $3 without) and also the lowest incremental cost per new case identified after omitting fixed startup costs ($1691).HCV testing interventions resulted in an increase in BC testing compared with standard-of-care testing but also increased costs. The effect size and incremental costs of BPA intervention (excluding startup costs) support more widespread adoption compared with the other interventions. (Hepatology 2017;65:44-53).
Survival Outcome of Young Multiple Myeloma (MM) Patients in the Era of Novel Therapies
Authors: Prashant Kapoor, Morie A Gertz, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Martha Q Lacy, David Dingli, Suzanne R Hayman, Stephen J. Russell, John A Lust, Francis K Buadi, Steven R Zeldenrust, Philip R. Greipp, Angela Dispenzieri, Robert A Kyle, Shaji Kumar
Journal: Blood (2011)
Tranexamic Acid in Patients Undergoing Coronary-Artery Surgery
Authors: Paul S. Myles, Julian A. Smith, Andrew Forbes, Brendan Silbert, Mohandas Jayarajah, Thomas Painter, D. James Cooper, Silvana Marasco, John McNeil, Jean S. Bussières, Shay McGuinness, Kelly Byrne, Matthew T.V. Chan, Giovanni Landoni, Sophie Wallace
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

Tranexamic acid reduces the risk of bleeding among patients undergoing cardiac surgery, but it is unclear whether this leads to improved outcomes. Furthermore, there are concerns that tranexamic acid may have prothrombotic and proconvulsant effects.In a trial with a 2-by-2 factorial design, we randomly assigned patients who were scheduled to undergo coronary-artery surgery and were at risk for perioperative complications to receive aspirin or placebo and tranexamic acid or placebo. The results of the tranexamic acid comparison are reported here. The primary outcome was a composite of death and thrombotic complications (nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary embolism, renal failure, or bowel infarction) within 30 days after surgery.Of the 4662 patients who were enrolled and provided consent, 4631 underwent surgery and had available outcomes data; 2311 were assigned to the tranexamic acid group and 2320 to the placebo group. A primary outcome event occurred in 386 patients (16.7%) in the tranexamic acid group and in 420 patients (18.1%) in the placebo group (relative risk, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.81 to 1.05; P=0.22). The total number of units of blood products that were transfused during hospitalization was 4331 in the tranexamic acid group and 7994 in the placebo group (P<0.001). Major hemorrhage or cardiac tamponade leading to reoperation occurred in 1.4% of the patients in the tranexamic acid group and in 2.8% of the patients in the placebo group (P=0.001), and seizures occurred in 0.7% and 0.1%, respectively (P=0.002 by Fisher's exact test).Among patients undergoing coronary-artery surgery, tranexamic acid was associated with a lower risk of bleeding than was placebo, without a higher risk of death or thrombotic complications within 30 days after surgery. Tranexamic acid was associated with a higher risk of postoperative seizures. (Funded by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council and others; ATACAS Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN12605000557639 .).
Lapatinib (L) with paclitaxel compared to paclitaxel as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic breast cancer: A phase III randomized, double-blind study of 580 patients
Authors: A. Di Leo, H. Gomez, Z. Aziz, Z. Zvirbule, M. Arbushites, C. R. Oliva, M. Koehler, L. S. Williams, J. Dering, R. S. Finn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

1011 Background: L is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR/HER2, active as monotherapy and in combination for HER2-overexpressing advanced/metastatic breast cancer (BC). A Phase I study of L with paclitaxel (P) indicated no unexpected adverse events (AEs). PK profile indicated no relationship between peak plasma concentration of P+L and neuropathy, neutropenia, diarrhea, rash or myalgia. We report here blinded efficacy and safety data for patients (pts) with incurable Stage IIIb/IIIc/IV BC at first diagnosis or relapse, untested or negative (0/1+ IHC or FISH neg) for HER2. Unblinded data will be presented at ASCO 2007. Methods: Between Jan 2004 and Jul 2005, 580 pts from 24 countries were stratified by metastatic site and randomized 1:1 to L 1500 mg QD + 175 mg/m 2 P q3w or placebo QD + 175 mg/m 2 P q3w. Primary endpoint was TTP; secondary endpoints were AEs, ORR, PFS, CBR, RFS, and OS. Tumor tissue was obtained from the most recent biopsy of 451 (78%) pts and was centrally analyzed in blinded fashion for biomarker patterns. Serum samples were collected for central EGFR and HER2 ECD analysis. Results and Conclusions: 579 pts were analyzed; 87% presented with Stage IV BC. 55% received prior adjuvant chemotherapy or anti-hormonal therapy. No pts received previous trastuzumab. At the time of analysis, 561 (97%) pts progressed or otherwise withdrew. Most common AEs were alopecia (58%), neurological (55%, gr=3:8%), diarrhea (42%, gr=3:9%), nausea (32%), and rash (32%, gr=3:2%). Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia AEs related to study treatment were 18% and &lt;1%, respectively. LVEF decrease of 20% relative to baseline and below LLN was reported 15 times. 12% of AEs led to treatment withdrawal. Blinded data analysis revealed a median TTP of 25 wks and ORR of 30%. CNS relapse was reported in 11 pts (2%). Enrollment predominantly came from countries with limited HER2 testing capacity thus a subgroup of pts is expected to be HER2+ve. Blinded analyses of HER2, ER and PR are ongoing at this time and final biomarker evaluations will be presented with unblinded efficacy data. [Table: see text]
Lack of Association between Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Inherited Thrombophilia in Hispanic Patients from Colombia&lt;/PRE&gt;.
Authors: Serguei A. Castaneda, Henry Cardona, Walter Cardona, Leonor Alvarez, Joaquin Gomez, Jorge Gomez, Jose Torres, Luis Tobon, Gabriel Bedoya, Angela Cadavid
Journal: Blood (2004)
GW26-e4566 Loss of Osteoglycin Promotes Angiogenesis in Limb Ischemia Mouse Model via Modulation of VEGF-VEGFR2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Qihong WU, Yu Ma, Chengchao Ruan, Yan Yang, Qian Ge, Ke Zhang, Hui Jiang, Mona Hong, Pingjin Gao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
GW26-e5364 Impact of different time periods on symptom onset- first medical contact and door-to-balloon time in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Peilin Liu, Li Liu, Jingtao Zhao, Hongyong Song, Bei Zhao, Xueyao Feng, Lifeng Liu, Yingqi Liu, Shuai Mao, Li Zhou, Huihui Xia, Tieshan Gao, Shouli Wang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Survival until First Progression and Post First Progression Survival Equally Contribute to the Overall Survival of Myeloma Patients: Differences in Patients ≤65 Years of Age Compared to Patients &gt;65 Years
Authors: Efstathios Kastritis, Evangelos Terpos, Maria Roussou, Maria Gavriatopoulou, Dimitra Gika, Maria Gkotzamanidou, Nikolaos Kanellias, Evangelos Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou, Magdalini Migkou, Meletios A Dimopoulos
Journal: Blood (2012)
Serum Pleiotrophin Is a New Multiple Myeloma Tumor Marker That Also Predicts Clinical Status.
Authors: Howard S. Yeh, Haiming Chen, Steven J. Manyak, Regina A. Swift, Richard A. Campbell, Cathy Wang, Mingjie Li, Hee Jin, Melinda S. Gordon, Benjamin Bonavida, James R. Berenson
Journal: Blood (2005)
First Branchial Cleft Cyst
Authors: Judd Fastenberg, Michel Nassar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

A 3-year-old boy presented to the ED with pain in the right ear and swelling in the postauricular area. When gentle pressure was applied to the postauricular area (shown in a video), keratin debris and purulence were expressed into the osteocartilaginous junction of the ear canal.
Comparison of Methotrexate- Versus Sirolimus- Containing Graft-Versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis Regimens after Myeloablative Stem Cell Transplantation.
Authors: Akiko M. Saito, Corey Cutler, David Zahrieh, Robert J. Soiffer, Vincent T. Ho, Edwin P. Alyea, Joseph H. Antin, Stephanie J. Lee
Journal: Blood (2005)
Antibiotic Treatment for Chronic Lyme Disease—Say No to the DRESS
Authors: Clifford M. Marks, John E. Nawn, Julie A. Caplow
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
NICE calls for wider use of blood tests to diagnose coeliac disease
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2016)

GPs should offer a blood test to anyone who has symptoms of coeliac disease or who is at increased risk of the condition, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has recommended.1 Doctors should ensure that people have been following a gluten containing diet for at least six weeks before the test.

Coeliac disease affects around 530 000 people in England but is currently underdiagnosed, NICE said. …
Longitudinal patterns of chemotherapy (CT) use in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC)
Authors: J. E. Herndon, Y. Zafar, J. Marcello, J. Wheeler, K. Rowe, M. A. Morse, A. P. Abernethy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

15082 Background: As mCRC survival increases beyond 2 years, patients (pts) have more exposure to multiple CT regimens. Insight into patterns of care in mCRC treatment is crucial to understanding physician and patient decision-making priorities. Methods: Using a population-based strategy, we identified CRC cases from 1 academic and 9 community oncology practices in the southeastern US with mCRC diagnosed between 6/03–6/06, and treatment with an oxaliplatin- (O) or irinotecan- (IR) based CT regimen during that period. Demographic, disease, treatment, and toxicity data were abstracted by retrospective chart review, double-entered and verified for accuracy. Results: Of 743 charts screened, 110 were eligible: mean age 57.9 (SD 12.2), 74% Stage IV at diagnosis, 39% male, 53% white, 26% black, and 13% ≥70 years. As part of 1st-line mCRC CT, 100% of pts received regimens containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 87% (95% CI 81–93%) received O, 12% (95% CI 6–18%) received IR, and 74% (95% CI 66–82%) received bevacizumab (B). The proportions of pts receiving subsequent lines of CT were: 2nd-line 48% (n=53), 3rd-line 26% (n=29), 4th-line 14% (n=15), and 5th-line 5% (n=5). From 1st to 3rd line, the use of O and B decreased, while IR use increased (see Table). Therapy was discontinued 29% of the time for disease progression (PD) and 19% of the time for toxicity; 27% had no reason documented. 22% (n=25/114) of O- and 34% (n=20/59) of IR-containing regimens were discontinued for PD. 19% (n=21/114) of O- and 20% (n=12/59) of IR-containing regimens were discontinued for toxicity. Conclusions: Along with 5-FU, O and B were most commonly used in 1st-line for mCRC. Use of O decreased and IR increased as treatment progressed beyond 1st-line. Frequency of use of various CT agents for mCRC by treatment line Treatment 1 (n=108) Treatment 2 (n=53) Treatment 3 (n=29) n % n % n % Bevacizumab containing 80 74% 26 49% 9 31% Oxaliplatin containing 94 87% 12 23% 3 10% Irinotecan containing 13 12% 23 43% 15 52% Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Pfizer Pfizer Pfizer
Status of New Vaccine Introduction — Worldwide, September 2016
Authors: Anagha Loharikar, Laure Dumolard, Susan Chu, Terri Hyde, Tracey Goodman, Carsten Mantel
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

Since the global Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was launched in 1974, vaccination against six diseases (tuberculosis, polio, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and measles) has prevented millions of deaths and disabilities (1). Significant advances have been made in the development and introduction of vaccines, and licensed vaccines are now available to prevent 25 diseases (2,3). Historically, new vaccines only became available in low-income and middle-income countries decades after being introduced in high-income countries. However, with the support of global partners, including the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund, which assist with vaccine prequalification and procurement, as well as Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance (Gavi) (4), which provides funding and shapes vaccine markets through forecasting and assurances of demand in low-income countries in exchange for lower vaccine prices, vaccines are now introduced more rapidly. Based on data compiled in the WHO Immunization Vaccines and Biologicals Database* (5), this report describes the current status of introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), hepatitis B, pneumococcal conjugate, rotavirus, human papillomavirus, and rubella vaccines, and the second dose of measles vaccine. As of September 2016, a total of 191 (99%) of 194 WHO member countries had introduced Hib vaccine, 190 (98%) had introduced hepatitis B vaccine, 132 (68%) had introduced pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), and 86 (44%) had introduced rotavirus vaccine into infant vaccination schedules. Human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV) had been introduced in 67 (35%) countries, primarily targeted for routine use in adolescent girls. A second dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV2) had been introduced in 161 (83%) countries, and rubella vaccine had been introduced in 149 (77%). These efforts support the commitment outlined in the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), 2011-2020 (2), endorsed by the World Health Assembly in 2012, to extend the full benefits of immunization to all persons.