tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Folic Acid and Creatine as Therapeutic Approaches to Lower Blood Arsenic: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Brandilyn A. Peters, Megan N. Hall, Xinhua Liu, Faruque Parvez, Tiffany R. Sanchez, Alexander van Geen, Jacob L. Mey, Abu B. Siddique, Hasan Shahriar, Mohammad Nasir Uddin, Tariqul Islam, Olgica Balac, Vesna Ilievski, Pam Factor-Litvak, Joseph H. Graziano, Mary V. Gamble
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

The World Health Organization estimates that > 140 million people worldwide are exposed to arsenic (As)-contaminated drinking water. As undergoes biologic methylation, which facilitates renal As elimination. In folate-deficient individuals, this process is augmented by folic acid (FA) supplementation, thereby lowering blood As (bAs). Creatinine concentrations in urine are a robust predictor of As methylation patterns. Although the reasons for this are unclear, creatine synthesis is a major consumer of methyl donors, and this synthesis is down-regulated by dietary/supplemental creatine.Our aim was to determine whether 400 or 800 μg FA and/or creatine supplementation lowers bAs in an As-exposed Bangladeshi population.We conducted a clinical trial in which 622 participants were randomized to receive 400 μg FA, 800 μg FA, 3 g creatine, 3 g creatine+400 μg FA, or placebo daily. All participants received an As-removal filter on enrollment, and were followed for 24 weeks. After the 12th week, half of the two FA groups were switched to placebo to evaluate post-treatment bAs patterns.Linear models with repeated measures indicated that the decline in ln(bAs) from baseline in the 800-μg FA group exceeded that of the placebo group (weeks 1-12: β= -0.09, 95% CI: -0.18, -0.01; weeks 13-24: FA continued: β= -0.12, 95% CI: -0.24, -0.00; FA switched to placebo: β= -0.14, 95% CI: -0.26, -0.02). There was no rebound in bAs related to cessation of FA supplementation. Declines in bAs observed in the remaining treatment arms were not significantly different from those of the placebo group.In this mixed folate-deficient/replete study population, 12- and 24-week treatment with 800 μg (but not 400 μg) FA lowered bAs to a greater extent than placebo; this was sustained 12 weeks after FA cessation. In future studies, we will evaluate whether FA and/or creatine altered As methylation profiles.
Outcome Of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) In Pediatric Patients With Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL): Single Institution Results From Saudi Arabia
Authors: Asim F Belgaumi, Hassan A Sumaili, Amani A Al-Kofide, Mouhab Ayas, Hassan El-Solh, Ali Al-Ahmari, Abdallah Al-Jefri, Mohammed Anas, Amal Mohamed, Amal Al-Seraihy
Journal: Blood (2013)
Imported schistosomiasis in Europe: preliminary data for 2007 from TropNetEurop
Authors: T Jelinek, None on behalf of the European Network o
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

A preliminary analysis of sentinel surveillance data of the European Network on Imported Infectious Disease Surveillance (TropNetEurop) shows 88 cases of imported schistosomiasis for 2007 (17 cases of Schistosoma haematobium, 44 of S. mansoni, 3 of S. japonicum, and 27 unknown species, e.g. early stage, Katayama fever) [1]. Although clinical reporting data for schistosomiasis are notoriously difficult to assess due to the chronic nature of the disease and thus very long periods before diagnosis is confirmed, the analysis gives a good idea about how this infection is brought into Europe.
A Phase 3 Randomized, Open-Label Study of Nivolumab (Anti-Pd-1; Bms-936558; Ono-4538) Versus Investigator'S Choice Chemotherapy (Icc) in Patients with Advanced Melanoma After Prior Anti-Ctla-4 Therapy
Authors: J.S. Weber, D.R. Minor, S.P. D'Angelo, F.S. Hodi, R. Gutzmer, B. Neyns, C. Hoeller, N.I. Khushalani, W.H. Miller, J-J. Grob, C. Lao, G. Linette, K. Grossmann, J.C. Hassel, P. Lorigan, M. Maio, M. Sznol, A. Lambert, A. Yang, J. Larkin
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Evaluation of DNA content in preneoplastic changes of mouse urinary bladder induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine.
Authors: P A Oliveira, C Palmeira, L M Lourenço, C A Lopes
Journal: Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research (2005)

Using image cytometry analysis we analysed the deoxyribonucleic acid content of preneoplastic lesions induced in C3H/He female mice. Female mice (n = 30) were given 0.05% BBN in their drinking water for 4, 8 and 12 weeks, and were then euthanized. At the 4th week 90% hyperplasias, 90% dysplasias and 10% papillary tumours developed selectively in the bladder, after 8 weeks mice developed 80% hyperplasias and 80% dysplasias and 12 weeks we identified 70% hyperplasias, 70% dysplasias, 10% papillary tumours and 20% squamous metaplasia. Among the ones who developed simple hyperplasia, 58.3% were diploid and 41.7% were aneuploid. In the dysplasia lesions 29.2% were diploid and 70.8% were aneuploid (p = 0.041). All papillary tumours were aneuploid and all epidermoid metaplasias were diploid. These results suggest that aneuploidization, DNA content alteration of preneoplastic lesions, might be considered as a prognostic factor.
Cardiovascular complications of ECT in depressed patients with cardiac disease
Authors: R J Zielinski, S P Roose, D P Devanand, S Woodring, H A Sackeim
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

This study was conducted to determine the safety of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for depressed patients with serious cardiac disease.The rate of complications in 40 patients with major depressive disorder and left ventricular impairment, ventricular arrhythmias, and/or conduction delay who received ECT was compared to the rate of complications in a matched comparison group of 40 depressed patients without cardiac disease who also received ECT. In addition, 21 of the patients with cardiac illness had received one or more inpatient trials of tricyclic antidepressants before receiving ECT, thereby permitting a comparison of cardiovascular complications of medication and ECT in the same patients.The patients with cardiac disease had a significantly higher rate of cardiac complications during ECT than did the comparison group without cardiac disease. The type of preexisting cardiac abnormality strongly predicted the type of cardiac complication that occurred during ECT. However, most of the complications were transitory and did not prevent the completion of ECT. Of the 21 patients with cardiac disease who had received tricyclic trials before ECT, 11 had been forced to discontinue drug treatment because of substantial cardiovascular side effects. In comparison, 38 of the 40 cardiac patients completed the course of ECT.With close monitoring for the development of arrhythmia and ischemic episodes, ECT can be given with relative safety to patients with severe cardiovascular disease.
Obesity and psychoanalysis: treatment and four-year follow-up
Authors: C S Rand, A J Stunkard
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

Psychoanalysts provided information about 84 obese patients and 63 patients of normal weight at the beginning of this study, 18 months later, and 4 years later. Treatment lasted from 3 to more than 7 years. Although obesity was the chief complaint of only 6% of the obese patients, their weight loss and maintenance of it compared favorably with results reported for other psychological treatments for obesity. Severe body image disparagement was present in 39% of the obese patients at the beginning of treatment but in only 18% at the 4-year follow-up. Most patients improved in their chief complaint and presenting symptoms. The study indicates that large-scale collaborative research in psychoanalysis is feasible.
Endogenous Estrogens, Estrogen Metabolites, and Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Chinese Women
Authors: Steven C. Moore, Charles E. Matthews, Xiao Ou Shu, Kai Yu, Mitchell H. Gail, Xia Xu, Bu-Tian Ji, Wong-Ho Chow, Qiuyin Cai, Honglan Li, Gong Yang, David Ruggieri, Jennifer Boyd-Morin, Nathaniel Rothman, Robert N. Hoover, Yu-Tang Gao, Wei Zheng, Regina G. Ziegler
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2016)

Background: The role of estrogen metabolism in determining breast cancer risk and differences in breast cancer rates between high-incidence and low-incidence nations is poorly understood. Methods: We measured urinary concentrations of estradiol and estrone (parent estrogens) and 13 estrogen metabolites formed by irreversible hydroxylation at the C-2, C-4, or C-16 positions of the steroid ring in a nested case-control study of 399 postmenopausal invasive breast cancer case participants and 399 matched control participants from the population-based Shanghai Women's Health Study cohort. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of breast cancer by quartiles of metabolic pathway groups, pathway ratios, and individual estrogens/estrogen metabolites were estimated by multivariable conditional logistic regression. Urinary estrogen/estrogen metabolite measures were compared with those of postmenopausal non-hormone-using Asian Americans, a population with three-fold higher breast cancer incidence rates. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Urinary concentrations of parent estrogens were strongly associated with breast cancer risk (OR Q4vsQ1 = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.21 to 3.12, Ptrend = .01). Of the pathway ratios, the 2-pathway:total estrogens/estrogen metabolites and 2-pathway:parent estrogens were inversely associated with risk (OR Q4vsQ1 = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.35 to 0.91, Ptrend = .03, and OR Q4vsQ1 = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.37 to 0.99, Ptrend = .04, respectively). After adjusting for parent estrogens, these associations remained clearly inverse but lost statistical significance (OR Q4vsQ1 = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.39 to 1.06, Ptrend = .12 and OR Q4vsQ1 = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.44 to 1.32, Ptrend = .28). The urinary concentration of all estrogens/estrogen metabolites combined in Asian American women was triple that in Shanghai women. Conclusions: Lower urinary parent estrogen concentrations and more extensive 2-hydroxylation were each associated with reduced postmenopausal breast cancer risk in a low-risk nation. Markedly higher total estrogen/estrogen metabolite concentrations in postmenopausal United States women (Asian Americans) than in Shanghai women may partly explain higher breast cancer rates in the United States.
Abstract 3930: Targeted cancer gene sequencing identifies potential causative novel candidate mutations among Caucasian colon carcinogenesis
Authors: Hassan Ashktorab, Michael Nickerson, Sudhir Varma, Pooneh Mokarram, fakhraddin Naghibalhossaini, Lee Moore, Joseph Boland, Sara Bass, Meredith Yeager, Wen-Yi Haung, Hassan Brim
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Much of the sporadic colorectal cancer's (CRC) underlying genetic ‘cancer driver’ mutations are unknown in patients from specific ethnic groups. Here, we report the identification of distinct novel variants from adenoma and CRC patients in mismatch repair (MMR) genes MHS3 and MSH6, and in PIK3CA and APC. We developed a panel of 20 frequently altered colon cancer genes comprised of ACVR2A, APC, ARID1A, BRAF, FAM123B, FBXW7, KRAS, MSH2, MSH3, MSH6, NRAS, PIK3CA, POLE, PTEN, SMAD2, SMAD4, SOX9, TCF7L2, TGFBR2, and TP53 for targeted sequencing in 65 colon tissues, comprised of 1 normal tissue sample, 2 adenomas, and 63 tumors. Multiplex PCR and Ion Torrent sequencing was used to examine 98.8% of the targeted exons and splice junctions at a depth of sequencing that allowed for high confidence variant calling (most bases were covered by ≥ 500 reads). After alignment and variant calling, we annotated the variants with information from the 1000 Genomes Project, COSMIC, Polyphen2, and PFAM domain and transcription factor motifs. Excluding synonymous SNVs, 3 variants in adenoma, and 692 variants in tumors were detected. Two were known pathogenic variants (MSH6 p.R965H and APC p.R1432X). Novel variants (286, 244, and 115) were found in MMR genes (MSH6 and MSH3), APC, and PIK3CA, respectively. Most of the MMR (n = 98), APC (n = 128), and PIK3CA (n = 43) variants are deleterious. Notably, among the 63 CRC cases, [(29/61 = 46%) 46%) for MSH3, MSH6] [(19/63 = 30%) (30%) for PIK3CA] [31/63 = 49%) (49%) for APC)] carried likely deleterious MMR, PIK3CA and APC mutations, respectively, suggesting the value of a broad cancer gene panel. These finding further highlight the relevance of APC, PIK3CA genes in CRC onset but also the potential underestimation of the MSI-H in sporadic CRC as many of the novel mutations in MMR gens detected here were of a deleterious nature. Citation Format: Hassan Ashktorab, Michael Nickerson, Sudhir Varma, Pooneh Mokarram, fakhraddin Naghibalhossaini, Lee Moore, Joseph Boland, Sara Bass, Meredith Yeager, Wen-Yi Haung, Hassan Brim. Targeted cancer gene sequencing identifies potential causative novel candidate mutations among Caucasian colon carcinogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3930. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3930
The Effect of Local Injections of Adrenalin on Epidermal Carcinogenesis in the Mouse
Authors: A. C. Ritchie
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1952)

The Effect of Local Injections of Adrenalin on Epidermal Carcinogenesis in the Mouse Get access A. C. Ritchie A. C. Ritchie Oxford University Research Centre of the British Empire Cancer Campaign, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 12, Issue 4, February 1952, Pages 839–846, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/12.4.839 Published: 01 February 1952 Article history Received: 11 October 1951 Published: 01 February 1952
Antihypertensive Therapy and Quality of Life
Authors: R E Rakel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Treatment of mild hypertension is becoming increasingly accepted, and many more patients are receiving antihypertensive drugs. A number of new agents offer potential benefits over traditional therapy. These benefits are due to differences in side effect profiles, which have the potential for improved compliance. Quality of life is an important consideration in the selection of antihypertensive therapy.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in abstinent alcoholic men
Authors: P T Loosen, I C Wilson, B W Dew, A Tipermas
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

Chronic alcoholics who had been abstinent from alcohol for more than 2 years were evaluated with the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test. The findings suggest the following profound disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis: 1) a "euthyroid sick syndrome," evidenced by low levels of triiodothyronine (T3), high levels of reverse T3, and normal levels of thyroxine (T4) (this syndrome implies a decreased 5'-deiodination of T4 to T3 and of reverse T3 to its lesser iodinated metabolites), 2) an increased binding capacity for thyroid hormones, evidenced by a decreased T3-uptake value and an increased level of T4-binding globulin, and 3) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) blunting in 31% of patients. Paradoxically, there was a positive correlation between basal T4 and delta max TSH in subjects with blunted TSH, but baseline TSH levels were reduced in subjects with and without blunted TSH.
Abstract P4-06-01: Human mammary tumor virus, HMTV, is an MMTV-adapted human pathogen
Authors: JF Holland, S Jaffer, S Melana, T Nartey, S Gnjatic, BG-T Pogo
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Forty percent of American women's breast cancers contain HMTV, a betaretrovirus 90-98% homologous to MMTV, the causative agent for breast cancer in mice. HMTV is reverse-transcribed and integrated into chromosomal DNA of human breast cells. MMTV contamination of our analyses has been definitively excluded. In 8% of unselected American mothers HMTV is found in cells in milk, but in 21% of milks from women previously biopsied for unconfirmed cancer suspicion. In breasts biopsied for suspicion of cancer before a later diagnosis of breast cancer, we see suggestive morphologic changes if the subsequent breast cancer is HMTV+. HMTV is infectious in vitro for B and T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and human mammary epithelial cells. Infecting MCF-10 breast cell lines with HMTV produces molecular changes of epithelial-mesenchymal transition with upregulation of vimentin ,and downregualtion of E-cadherin. The excess of breast cancer in western European countries and their former colonies (age standardized rates of 47 to 92 per 100,000 per year) compared to Asian incidence (29 to 43 ASR/y) can be explained by excess HMTV-related breast cancer incidence. In 7 West European, American and Oceania countries, 30 to 60% contain HMTV, while in 5 Asian nations HMTV in breast cancers ranges from 0 to 22% Different indigenous murine species with disparate MMTV burdens parallel these findings: mus domesticus in the West with much MMTV in its genome, and m. castaneus or m.musculus in the East with less. Ancient contamination of the food chain, and current lactational transfer perpetuate infection. HMTV poses a new and challenging dimension to breast cancer research involving diagnosis, molecular mechanisms, epidemiology, therapy and prevention. Citation Format: Holland JF, Jaffer S, Melana S, Nartey T, Gnjatic S, Pogo BG-T. Human mammary tumor virus, HMTV, is an MMTV-adapted human pathogen. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-01.
Orthogeriatrics: Comprehensive Orthopaedic Care for the Elderly Patient
Authors: Raymond J. Newman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

The changing demography of the population health economics of the ageing population metabolic bone disease of the elderly patient special anaesthetic considerations of the elderly principles of fracture surgery in the elderly surgery of femoral neck fracture upper limb fractures arthritis surgery in the elderly foot surgery in the elderly spinal problems in the elderly amputations and prostheses general medical problems of the elderly impatient and community rehabilitation applicances prescribing in the elderly an evaluation of combined care of the elderly medicolegal aspects in caring for the elderly patient.
Abstract PR07: Precise let-7 expression levels balance organ regeneration against tumor suppression
Authors: Liem Hieu Nguyen, Linwei Wu, Hao Zhu
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract The in vivo roles for even the most intensely studied microRNAs remain poorly defined. We interrogated the physiological functions of let-7, a large and ancient microRNA family that is well-known for regulating developmental timing, metabolism, and cancer. Analysis of mouse models revealed that let-7 performs tumor suppressive roles at the expense of regeneration. Too little or too much let-7 resulted in compromised protection against cancer or tissue damage, respectively. Modest let-7 overexpression, achieved by genetic induction or by lipid nanoparticle delivery, abrogated the development of aggressive MYC-driven liver cancer and provided a robust survival benefit by antagonizing let-7 sensitive oncogenes (Cdc25a, Cdc34, E2f2, E2f5, and Map4k4). However, the same level of overexpression blocked liver regeneration, while deletion of two let-7 family members significantly enhanced it, demonstrating that distinct levels of this microRNA can mediate desirable phenotypes. The observed let-7 dependent regeneration phenotypes resulted from influences on the insulin-PI3K-mTOR pathway. We found that chronic high-dose let-7 overexpression caused liver damage and degeneration, paradoxically leading to tumorigenesis. These dose-dependent roles for let-7 in tissue repair and tumorigenesis rationalize the tight regulation of this microRNA family in development, and have important implications for let-7 based therapeutics. Citation Format: Liem Hieu Nguyen, Linwei Wu, Hao Zhu. Precise let-7 expression levels balance organ regeneration against tumor suppression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer: Mechanisms to Medicines ; 2015 Dec 4-7; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(6 Suppl):Abstract nr PR07.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in human long- term bone marrow cultures: endogenous production in the adherent layer and effect of exogenous GM-CSF on granulomonopoiesis
Authors: P Charbord, E Tamayo, S Saeland, V Duvert, J Poulet, AM Gown, P Herve
Journal: Blood (1991)
Abstract P2-09-02: Panel testing for familial breast cancer: Tension at the boundary of research and clinical care
Authors: IG Campbell, ER Thompson, SM Rowely, N Li, S McInerny, L Devereux, MW Wong-Brown, AH Trainer, G Mitchell, RJ Scott, PA James
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Gene panel sequencing is revolutionizing germline risk assessment for hereditary breast cancer. Despite scant evidence supporting the role of many of these genes in breast cancer predisposition, results are often reported to families as the definitive explanation for their family history. We assessed the frequency of mutations in 18 genes commonly included in hereditary breast cancer panels among 2,000 index cases from breast cancer families and 1,997 population controls. Cases were predominantly breast cancer-affected women referred to specialized familial cancer centers (BRCA1 and BRCA2 wild-type). Controls were cancer-free women from the LifePool study (www.lifepool.org). Sequencing data were filtered for known pathogenic or novel loss of function mutations. The frequency of pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in the control group was 0.2% (4 mutations) and 0.4% (8 mutations), respectively, which is consistent with previous indirect estimates for Caucasian populations but to our knowledge this the largest direct assessment of their prevalence. Excluding 18 mutations identified in BRCA1 and BRCA2 among the cases and controls, a total of 69 cases (3.5%) and 26 controls (1.3%) were found to carry an "actionable mutation". PALB2 was most frequently mutated (22 cases, 3 controls), while no mutations were identified in PTEN or STK11. Among the remaining genes, loss of function mutations were rare with similar frequency between cases and controls. The frequency of mutations in most breast cancer panel genes among individuals selected for possible hereditary breast cancer is low and in many cases similar or even lower than that observed among cancer-free population controls. While multi-gene panels can significantly aid in cancer risk management, they equally have the potential to provide clinical misinformation and harm at the individual level if the data is not interpreted cautiously. Citation Format: Campbell IG, Thompson ER, Rowely SM, Li N, McInerny S, Devereux L, Wong-Brown MW, Trainer AH, Mitchell G, Scott RJ, James PA. Panel testing for familial breast cancer: Tension at the boundary of research and clinical care. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-09-02.
Induced Adaptation in a Tumor: Specificity of the Change2
Authors: Morris K. Barrett, Margaret K. Deringer, Walter H. Hansen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1953)

Induced Adaptation in a Tumor: Specificity of the Change Get access Morris K. Barrett, Morris K. Barrett Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Margaret K. Deringer, Margaret K. Deringer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Walter H. Hansen Walter H. Hansen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 14, Issue 2, October 1953, Pages 381–394, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/14.2.381 Published: 01 October 1953 Article history Received: 14 April 1953 Published: 01 October 1953