tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P1-01-14: Gene Expression of Immune Mediators within Nipple Aspirate Fluid and Ductal Lavage from Normal and Cancerous Breasts.
Authors: SM Love, B Ruffell, T Nguyen, D Mills, LM Coussens
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The majority of breast cancers are thought to initiate in the lining of the 6 to 8 ducts that exit the nipple. Evidence suggests that the presence of nipple aspirate fluid (NAF), and in particular NAF containing atypical epithelial cells, in the ducts is predictive of future breast cancer risk. Although NAF fluid and cells may be representative of a preneoplastic state, use of NAF has not proven to represent a robust indicator for future malignancy. Chronic infiltration of tissues by immune cells predisposes them to future malignancy. Since macrophages can represent up to half of the total cells recovered from NAF, and their presence within malignant breast tumors has predictive value in terms of survival, we hypothesized that changes in the inflammatory microenvironment of breast ducts may foster future malignancy and/or provide an early indicator of future neoplasia. To test this hypothesis, we conducted an exploratory study to investigate gene expression in NAF and ductal lavage fluid. We first used real-time PCR to quantitatively measure mRNA expression of select genes within the cellular milieu of NAF to determine if that microenvironment correlated with a tumor-promoting state. Expression of multiple genes was observed in 15 samples collected from healthy volunteers, with robust expression of myeloid-associated genes including CD14, CD68, CCL3, CSF1 and IL1B observed in the majority of samples. To determine whether similar inflammatory microenvironments were found within each duct, and whether they were comparable to those in NAF-containing ducts, ductal lavage (DL) samples were obtained from 4 different ducts at the same time as NAF collection. Out of 7 volunteers, 4 provided samples allowing comparison between NAF and DL, and between multiple ducts. Analysis of gene expression from these healthy volunteers indicated that gene expression differed between NAF samples and each DL sample. More importantly, unique gene expression was found for each duct sampled, indicating that the immune microenvironment within each duct is distinct from other ducts within the same breast. In order to identify a potential inflammatory gene signature, we then obtained NAF samples from patients with breast cancer that had not received neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to surgery, from both the cancerous and contralateral breasts. With 4 patients analyzed, no consistent expression difference has thus far been observed, indicating either that the relevant genes have not been identified, or that analysis of inflammatory genes within NAF may not be a predictive method with which to evaluate risk of future malignancy in women that produce NAF. A larger study is warranted to further investigate the significance of inflammatory gene expression in breast ductal fluid. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-14.
P129 Patient and Physician Demographics in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Results of a UK Physician Survey
Authors: I Kausar, R Cameron, NC Eastmond
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare, progressive, fibrotic lung disorder of unknown origin, which leads to difficulty in breathing, functional disability and death. Due to symptomatic similarities with other lung conditions, IPF is difficult to diagnose, and patients experience varying standards of care. We undertook a survey of European pulmonologists to gain additional understanding of the characteristics of patients with IPF and the demographics of the physicians treating them. <h3>Methods</h3> In December 2010–January 2011, a quantitative survey was conducted with lung specialists in IPF and non-IPF specialist centres in five principal EU countries (Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, France [5EU]). The survey was extended to a further five countries where fewer physicians were targeted. UK data are reported here. <h3>Results</h3> The total number of patients seen by all the centres in the survey in the preceding 12 months was 7,302, 149 of which were from the UK. Among the UK patients, 87% were aged ≤85 years, which is similar to the value for 5EU (85%). Sixty percent of newly diagnosed UK patients were aged 65–80 years (5EU=56%), in contrast to 50% of the whole UK sample (5EU=57%). In 5EU, 70% of IPF patients were managed by 35% of pulmonologists, in contrast to the UK where 80% of patients were managed by 55% of pulmonologists. In the UK, 70% of pulmonologists were seeing fewer than 110 IPF patients annually, whereas in the 5EU, 70% of pulmonologists were seeing &lt;30 IPF patients annually. Regional differences in the UK largely reflect population distribution with 14% of Scottish pulmonologists seeing ≥30 IPF patients, versus 33% for the north of England, 24% for the Midlands and Wales, and 29% for the south of England. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In the UK, patient demographics for IPF were similar to the rest of Europe, but UK patients were being diagnosed at a younger age than previously compared to the rest of the EU. Importantly, the UK had a much wider spread of IPF patients among treating pulmonologists than the rest of Europe, which indicates a greater distribution of expertise in treating the disease.
P1-12-26: Global Patterns of Care for HER2/Neu Overexpressing Breast Cancer.
Authors: Y Chavarri-Guerra, P Liedke, H Symecko, B Moy, M Higgins, J St. Louis, D Finkelstein, P Goss
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Her2/neu overexpression is an independent adverse prognostic factor present in approximately 25% of invasive breast cancers. HER2−overexpressing breast cancer is particularly common in younger patients and therefore poses a significant public health burden. Anti-Her2/neu adjuvant trastuzumab significantly reduces the risk of recurrence as well as improves survival. In view of the serious potential ramifications of not receiving anti-Her2/neu therapy when appropriate, we undertook this international project to determine clinical access to Her2/neu testing and treatment patterns for women with HER2/neu-positive early breast cancer. Methods: A web-based survey was sent to 386 physicians from 33 countries who participated in the “TEACH” trial, a double blind placebo-controlled phase III study of a novel anti-Her2/neu therapy, lapatinib, in women with primary Her2/neu-positive breast cancer. The survey contained 27 questions addressing physician and patient demographics, access to Her-2/Neu testing in everyday clinical practice, and anti-Her2/neu treatment options in a variety of clinical scenarios. Results: One hundred and fifty one participants (39%) from 28 countries answered the survey. Ninety eight percent of the participants reported having Her2/neu tumor expression routinely measured for clinical practice in their institutions by immunohistochemistry (83%), FISH (78%) and other methods (17%). Among Asian physicians, 18% did not have routine testing available and sent primary tumors for central testing for TEACH eligibility. Forty eight percent of physicians surveyed reported instances when they had recommended adjuvant Her2-directed therapy to a patient who eventually did not receive it. The proportion of physicians from developing countries that reported patients not receiving therapy was higher than those from developed countries (68% vs. 38%, respectively). The main reason for not receiving trastuzumab was cost in developing countries, while in more developed countries patient refusal and co-morbidities were the main reasons. Discussion: This survey reflects availability of HER2 breast tumor testing and anti-Her2/neu therapy among physicians from 28 countries worldwide who participated in an anti-Her2/neu therapy clinical trial of a free anti-Her2/neu therapy. These results indicate that a high proportion of women with Her2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer may not receive standard anti-Her2/neu adjuvant therapy especially in developing countries, the barrier to treatment being cost of therapy. We are extending our access to care survey project to a more unselected diverse group of physicians in developing countries. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-12-26.
Nursing's Role in Pain Management Is Critical
Authors: J. A. Steele, E. Taylor
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Nursing's Role in Pain Management Is Critical Get access Julie A. Steele, Julie A. Steele Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ellen Taylor Ellen Taylor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 3, 5 February 1992, Pages 147–148, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.3.147-a Published: 05 February 1992
Case 21-2013
Authors: Ryan J. Sullivan, Donald P. Lawrence, Jennifer A. Wargo, Kevin S. Oh, R. Gilberto Gonzalez, Adriano Piris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

A 68-year-old man presented with metastatic melanoma to the groin and pelvis 11 years after excision of a superficial spreading melanoma on the right leg. A diagnostic test was performed, and management decisions were made.
ESTUDIO DE LA RENTABILIDAD DIAGNÓSTICA DE LA ECOENDOSCOPIA – PUNCIÓN ASPIRACIÓN CON AGUJA FINA PARA EL ESTUDIO DE LAS ADENOPATÍAS
Authors: V Gonzalez Carrera, JL Ulla Rocha, S Perez Cachafeiro, M Alvarez Martinez, W Diaz Saa, E Vazquez Astray
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Objetivo: Evaluar la rentabilidad diagnóstica de la EUS-PAAF (ecoendoscopia – punción aspiración con aguja fina) en nuestro centro en el estudio de las adenopatías.
Ethanol and Oral Diazepam Absorption
Authors: Sherrard L. Hayes, Gary Pablo, Teresa Radomski, Roger F. Palmer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Despite widespread use and abuse of ethanol and diazepam in combination, little is known about the effects of ethanol on diazepam absorption. We administered diazepam (0.07 mg per kilogram of body weight) with water and with 30 ml of 50 per cent ethanol to seven normal volunteers. Plasma diazepam levels were significantly higher at 60 minutes (P less than 0.05), 90 minutes (P less than 0.01), 120 minutes (P less than 0.01), and 240 minutes (P less than 0.01) when diazepam was administered with ethanol than with water alone. Since maximum mean plasma diazepam levels after combined ingestion with ethanol were nearly twice as high than after diazepam and water (373 ng per milliliter versus 197 ng per mililiter at 60 minutes) we conclude that ethanol enhanced diazepam absorption.
Abstract 2209: Cellular characterization of chromatin state via high throughput ChIP assay
Authors: Zirong Li, John Rosenfeld, Robert Kovelman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Expression of eukaryotic genes during development requires complex spatial-temporal regulation. This complex regulation is often achieved through the coordinated interaction of transcription regulatory elements in the promoters of the target genes. The identification and mapping of regulatory elements in genome scale is crucial to understand how gene expression is regulated. Chromatin immunoprecipitation is a standard method for assessing the occupancy of DNA binding proteins in vivo in their native chromatin context using antibodies. However, standard chromatin immunoprecipitation procedure is time consuming, labor intensive and not suited for analyzing many samples simultaneously. Recently, we have developed a simple high throughput chromatin immunoprecipitation protocol that utilizes high capacity protein A/G coated magnetic beads and 96 well plates. This protocol requires fewer steps and less hands-on time, has higher sensitivity and more reliable performance as compared to conventional approaches. The method is also compatible with multi-channel pipetting and liquid handling systems. We have successfully used this protocol to map various clinically relevant chromatin marks and controls across several cell types to quantitatively measure chromatin states. This analysis included a variety of marks corresponding to repressed, poised and active promoters, strong and weak enhancers, putative insulators, transcribed regions, as well as large-scale repressed and inactive domains. This study demonstrates the utility of this approach for the characterization of model cellular systems in perturbation studies with chemical probes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2209. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2209
THE OPERATIONAL MATRIX OF PSYCHIATRIC PRACTICE
Authors: G. N. RAINES, J. H. ROHRER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1955)

1. A group of experienced psychiatrists interviewed, for 20 minutes each, 886 highly selected officer candidates. On the basis of the information gained in the interview, they estimated the probable success of each candidate in the position of Junior Combat Officer. They also made judgments on each man of his dominant personality type and his typical defense mechanisms utilized. 2. The psychiatrists' judgments of probable officer success correlated, at a statistically significant level, with the independent judgments of line officers who made extensive observations of the candidates over a 4-week period. This finding makes tenable the conclusion that the psychiatric interview can be used to identify potential officer leaders in a group of carefully selected, homogeneous, intellectually superior, adult men. 3. Data were presented demonstrating that the group of psychiatrists showed significant differences in the frequency with which they observed different personality types in random samples drawn from the 886 men and, also, that different psychiatrists tended to see different personality traits in the same man. 4. A tentative hypothesis is offered as the best explanation of the differences reported in the paragraph above. Briefly, this hypothesis states that the differences observed in the diagnostic judgments of psychiatrists result from differing frames of reference which are derived from the transactional life experiences of the psychiatrists. This results in a greater sensitivity on the part of the psychiatrist for certain facets of the patient's personality structure, and a greater perceptual distortion on the part of the psychiatrist to other facets of the patient's personality structure. Once perceived, correctly or distortedly, each item is subjected to the psychiatrist's value system. 5. Further tentative tests of the "projection" hypothesis are underway. A study designed to make a more crucial test of the hypothesis will be reported.
NI-04 * IMMEDIATE POST OPERATIVE VOLUME OF ABNORMAL FLAIR SIGNAL PREDICTS PATIENT SURVIVAL IN GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS
Authors: A. Amer, P. Zinn, R. Colen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Several studies have investigated the prognostic value of pre-operative volumes of abnormal FLAIR signal, tumor enhancement and necrosis in the prediction of patient survival. We seek to explore the role of abnormal FLAIR signal as a prognostic biomarker in immediate post-resection Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We obtained pre-operative and immediate post-operative MRI of 60 GBM patients available on The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) and in our institution's imaging archive. We used 3D Slicer 4.3.1 software for volumetric quantification of tumor compartments. Two trained neuroradiologists delineated peritumoral edema/invasion using T2 FLAIR sequence. Pre-operative tumor enhancement and necrosis were segmented using post-contrast T1 Weighted Images (T1WI). Post-operatively, we used immediate post-operative T2 FLAIR sequence (24-72 hours post-resection) for volume quantification of pericavitarian edema/invasion. We used Kaplan-Meier curves for survival analysis. We included the volumes of pre-operative and post-operative scans independently and in groups and subgroups. The association between the quantitative variables and patient survival were performed using multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Post-operative absolute volumes and ratios of pre-operative to post-operative volumes are correlated with patient overall survival and progression-free survival. CONCLUSION: Immediate post-operative volume of abnormal FLAIR signal can be used as a prognostic imaging biomarker.
INCREMENTAL PROGNOSTIC UTILITY OF BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE IN PATIENTS WITH SIGNIFICANT MYXOMATOUS MITRAL REGURGITATION AND PRESERVED LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Amgad Mentias, Krishna Patel, Harsh Patel, A. Gillinov, Richard Grimm, L. Leonardo Rodriguez, Tomislav Mihaljevic, Joseph Sabik, Brian Griffin, Milind Desai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
AB0831-HPR Pilgrimage and social suffering in mexican patients with fibromyalgia: qualitative study
Authors: T. Colmenares-Roa, G. Huerta-Sil, E. Alvarez-Hernandez, L. Lino-Perez, C. Garcia-Garcia, I. Pelaez-Ballestas
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Fibromyalgia is a chronic functional syndrome of unknown etiology, characterized by pain, stiffness, fatigue and stress that affect everyday life. The approaches to understanding social and cultural aspects of this illness, have been developed in some first world countries, mostly under qualitative methodological criteria, but lacking theoretical analysis. Medical Anthropology allowed exploring the sociocultural context of the disease in order to describe and analyze the beliefs about expressing getting fibromyalgia of patients and the rheumatologist. <h3>Objectives</h3> To identify themes in the lived experience of patients with fibromyalgia related with pilgrimage, medical-patients relationship and suffering. <h3>Methods</h3> Qualitative research focus on medical anthropology. Setting: Public Hospital and private practice. Methodology: Ethnographic method, with observations and depth-interviews. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analyzed using an ethnographic approach and social suffering theory (1). <h3>Results</h3> 3 men and 5 women, patients and 4 rheumatologists were interviewed. The age range was 34 to 74 years. The analysis revealed 13 theme sharing between patients and rheumatologist: beliefs about the causes, pain, body, delegitimization, diagnosis, alternative treatments, medical treatments, psychological treatment, and idea about healing, progression of symptoms, doctor-patient relationship, social consequences and social suffering. Stigmatization in the absence of diagnosis and after of getting it, the idea of not healing, psychological aspects involved and family dynamics in which discrimination is recreated, make the experience of getting fibromyalgia a model of social suffering, embodied in the personal and social experience of live with fibromyalgia. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The long therapeutic journey into the pilgrimage (2) determines the chronicity and with it the stigma lived by patients, especially in a public hospital. The doctor-patient relation is characterized by social rejection and by the failure of commonly established roles. <h3>References</h3> - Kleinman, A et al. (ed). (1997). Social Suffering. USA: University of California. - Pelıez-Ballestas, I., et al. (2006). Illness trajectories in Mexican children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and their parents. Rheumatology, Nov 45(11), 1399-403 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
THU0487 Identification of 131 Differential Gene Expression Profiles in Good Responders in the First Few Weeks after MTX Commencement: Results from the Rheumatoid Arthritis Methotrexate Study (RAMS): Table 1.
Authors: S.L. Smith, D. Plant, J. Sellu, K. Hyrich, A. Barton, S.M. Verstappen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Methotrexate (MTX) is the DMARD of first choice in most patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, a significant minority (30-40%) of patients do not respond to MTX therapy. Gene expression profiling may be a useful tool to predict treatment response. <h3>Objectives</h3> To identify potential genetic expression profiles predictive of non-response to MTX in patients with RA. <h3>Methods</h3> Samples from patients recruited to the Rheumatoid Arthritis Medication Study (RAMS), a one-year observational study investigating response to MTX in RA patients, were included. At 6 months, patients were categorized into responders (R) or non-responders (NR) based on EULAR response criteria. Whole blood samples for RNA extraction were collected at baseline (BL) and after 4 weeks on treatment. Samples were biotin labelled and amplified prior to being loaded onto Illumina HumanHT-12 v4 BeadChips, which target over 47,000 probes. GenomeStudio software was used to summarize bead level data. Differential gene expression (DGE) between response groups and sample time-points was investigated using linear regression. P-values were adjusted for multiple testing (adj<i>P</i>). <h3>Results</h3> Samples of 24 R and 43 NR were analyzed. At BL, the median [IQR] symptom duration was 6 [4-18] vs. 13 [3-58] months. R had a significantly higher mean (SD) DAS28 score compared to NR (4.8 (1.0) vs. 4.1 (1.4), p=0.03) at BL, but, as expected, DAS28 at 6 months was significantly lower in the R group (2.3 (0.6) vs. 4.1 (1.3), p≤0.001). In R and NR, median starting dose MTX was respectively 12.5 [10-15] vs. 15 [10-15] mg/wk (p=0.91) and 13% vs. 23% of patients used oral steroids (p=0.29). No statistically significant DGE was observed in NR when comparing the 4-week sample with the BL sample, or when R and NR were compared at BL and 4-weeks. However, statistically significant DGE was observed between BL and 4 weeks in R in 131 genes, 70 up-regulated and 61 down-regulated with the top gene being importin 13 (<i>IPO13</i>); p value =7.07E-09. <i>IPO13</i> is a nuclear transport receptor that mediates nuclear entry of glucocorticoids (GC) and previously it has been shown that MTX regulates the expression of GC receptor alpha and beta. An overview of the top differentially expressed genes between BL and 4-weeks in R are shown in Table 1. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This is one of the largest studies of gene expression profiles in patients with RA starting MTX. We have identified a 131 DGE profile in R in the first few weeks after MTX commencement and we have identified IPO13 as a potentially important pharmacodynamic biomarker of good response. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> Funding: Pfizer I-CRP <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> : None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2238