tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Community-acquired pneumonia and influenza hospitalisations in northern Portugal, 2000-2005
Authors: J Dias, A M Correia, Laurinda Queirós
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2007)

Hospital admissions for pneumonia, one of the most frequent complications of influenza, are more common in children and the elderly and in individuals with chronic disease. Portugal's Northern Health Region is one of the country's five health regions, and its 3.3 million inhabitants represent approximately one third of the country's population. We conducted a retrospective study to characterise the trend and the geographical distribution of hospitalisations due to pneumonia and influenza in public hospitals in northern Portugal. The distribution of the hospitalisations was investigated using exploratory techniques of spatial analysis based on data for pneumonia and influenza cases discharged from hospital between 2000 and 2005. There were 53,314 hospitalisations due to pneumonia and influenza during that period, representing an annual average hospitalisation rate of 274 per 100,000 inhabitants. The exploratory spatial analysis showed a moderate space dependence in the region (Moran's Index=0.51, p<0.05). The local indicator of space association for each area allowed the detection of a cluster of 11 municipalities in two north-eastern districts that had higher rates of hospitalisation than the remaining regions. The results showed that the spatial distribution of hospital admissions for pneumonia and influenza is not homogeneous in northern Portugal, indicating that it is not coincidental. The significant spatial dependence highlights the need to perform further studies to examine the underlying causes of such distribution.
Estimating divergence times of Drosophila species from DNA sequence comparisons.
Authors: S Easteal, J G Oakeshott
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1985)

Comparisons between species of the DNA sequences of homologous single copy genes have great potential for use in the reconstruction of phylogenies.The rates of change of nucleotides in introns and "silent" sites in exons are independent of generation time, approximately constant in different lineages, and apparently also constant for different genes (Hayashida and Miyata 1983).From calibration with the fossil record, Hayashida and Miyata ( 1983) have estimated the rates (v) to be 3.7 X 10-9, 5.3 X 10m9, and 5.6 X 10m9 changes per site per year for short (1300 bp) introns, long (>500 bp) introns, and exon silent sites, respectively.These rates can now be used in comparative DNA sequence analyses to estimate divergence times (t) among other taxa lacking fossil records.This approach was recently used by Bodmer and Ashbumer (1984), who described the nucleotide sequences of the Alcohol dehydrogenase (A&) genes of four members of the Drosophila melanogaster species group and, confining their analysis to exon silent sites, inferred divergence times among these species from comparison of their sequences.They estimated that D. rnelanogaster diverged from D. orena 13 Myr ago and from D. simulans 3.9 Myr ago, while D. simulans and D. mauritiana separated 2.9 Myr ago.Similar results were obtained by Cohn et al. (1984), who compared partial Adh sequences among three of these species and estimated that D. simulans and D. mauritiana diverged from each other 2.7 Myr ago and from D. melanogaster 4.5 Myr ago.However, Cohn et al. (1984) used a different rate constant, applicable to melting profiles of whole genome single copy DNA (Zwiebel et al. 1982).Since whole genome single copy DNA comprises various categories of DNA evolving at very different and not necessarily constant rates, the application of a rate constant derived from whole genome single copy DNA to any specific sequences is of doubtful validity.We advocate use of the constants obtained by Hayashida and Miyata (1983) because they are restricted to categories of DNA shown to evolve at constant rates and they are calculated separately for categories evolving at different, constant rates.Nevertheless, there remain important problems in the use of the Hayashida and Miyata constants.Here we discuss these problems around an extended analysis of Bodmer and Ashbumer's Adh data and a parallel analysis of the partial sequences of the Heat Shock Cognate (Hsc) gene of D. melanogaster and D. simulans (Ingolia and Craig 1982).We used published sequence alignments, which were unambiguous, to estimate the number of nucleotide substitutions per site (KY in each Adh region defined by Bodmer and Ashburner for all species pairs, and in exon I and intron I of Hsc for D. melanogaster and D. simulans.We used criteria of Hayashida and Miyata (1983) to determine effective lengths of introns and effective numbers of silent sites in exons and to correct for multiple substitutions.I.
Inhibition of Sickle Erythrocyte Adhesion to Immobilized Thrombospondin by von Willebrand Factor Under Dynamic Flow Conditions
Authors: Gilda A. Barabino, Robert J. Wise, Valerie A. Woodbury, Beibing Zhang, Kenneth A. Bridges, Robert P. Hebbel, Jack Lawler, Bruce M. Ewenstein
Journal: Blood (1997)
OP0020 The Influence of Drug Exposures on Joint Surgeries in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Cross-Provincial Comparisons
Authors: J. Widdifield, C. Moura, Y. Wang, M. Abrahamowicz, M.-E. Beauchamp, M. Paterson, A. Huang, G. Boire, P. Fortin, L. Bessette, C. Bombardier, J. Hanly, D. Feldman, S. Bernatsky
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) generally have the greatest impact if they are initiated early in the course of the disease. We hypothesized that greater cumulative exposure to DMARDs soon after RA diagnosis is associated with longer time to joint surgeries. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate early exposure to DMARDs and time to joint surgery, comparing incident rheumatoid arthritis (RA) populations from Ontario (ON) and Quebec (QC). <h3>Methods</h3> Using a standard protocol, we performed population-based cohort analyses on new-onset RA patients in ON and QC from 2000-2013. Incident RA patients were followed from cohort entry until their first joint surgery, or were censored at death date, or the end of study period, whichever came first. We studied all recipients of public drug coverage, aged 66 years and older. Analyses were confined to “new users” for the drug of interest. We used Cox proportional hazards regression with time-dependent variables measuring duration of drug use (daily exposures in the first year of follow-up), separately for methotrexate and other DMARDs, adjusting for baseline age, sex, urban vs. rural residence, socioeconomic status, co-existing osteoarthritis (OA), comorbidities, prior joint surgeries, extra-articular RA manifestations, time-varying number of physician visits, and drug exposures (anti-TNF inhibitors, COXIBs, NSAIDs, systemic steroids). Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were estimated. <h3>Results</h3> Among 20,918 ON and 6,740 QC RA patients, 68% were female and the mean (SD) age was 75 (6) years in each setting. During follow-up, 2,201 (11%) in ON and 494 (7%) patients in QC underwent joint surgery, for a rate of 2 events per 100 person-years in both settings. In the multivariable analyses, greater exposure to methotrexate (HR 0.97 95%CI 0.95-0.98), and other DMARDs (HR 0.98 95%CI 0.97-0.99) within the first year was associated with longer time to surgery in both settings. The strongest independent associations with shorter time to surgery in ON and QC, respectively, included previous joint surgeries [HR=1.9 vs. 2.8], co-existing OA [HR=1.5 vs. 1.8], and greater exposure to NSAIDs [HR=1.2 vs. 1.3], and COXIBs [HR=1.1 vs. 1.3]. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Greater cumulative exposures to methotrexate and other DMARDs, within 1 year after RA diagnosis, were associated with longer time to joint surgeries in both ON and QC. Our coordinated approach across provincial data sources identified highly comparable and consistent findings. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
OP0277-HPR “I am so Much More than My Work”: A Qualitative Study of Experiences After Participating in Return to Work Programs for People with Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: B. Hamnes, A. Rønningen, Å. Skarbø
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> There are currently high absenteeism and disability among people with musculoskeletal diseases in Norway. 46% of absenteeism and nearly half of the disability are associated with musculoskeletal diseases. A national return to work program (RTW) was introduced in Norway in 2007 with the aim of bringing people on sick leave back to work as soon as possible, or to avoid sick leave. Lillehammer Hospital for Rheumatic diseases has since 2008 offered different RTW-groups for patients with musculoskeletal diseases. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of the present study was to determine participants9 experiences after completed different interdisciplinary RTW-group programs. The main focuses for the interviews were work ability, self-efficacy and quality of life. <h3>Methods</h3> A qualitative study with semi-structured interviews was used to disclose participants9 experiences. Seventeen women with musculoskeletal diseases (fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, polymyalgia, ankylosing spondylitis) participated in three focus group interviews and one individual interview. Their median age was 47 years, ranging from 28-57. The transcribed interviews were analyzed by thematic analysis. <h3>Results</h3> For all participants it was important being employed, to have something to do, have good colleagues and being a part of a community. Through inclusion in the RTW-group participants changed the way they were thinking and they had an optimistic view of the future. Many participants expressed they had changed their focus from what they struggled with to what they managed. The participants became more aware of how they spent their time and lived their lives. They had to do changes to achieve better quality of life. Some participants had reduced working hours to get more time together with family and friends. Others got a new job. Many participants also changed the lifestyle with more physical activity and changes in diet, which resulted in weight loss, more energy and less pain. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Six months after completed RTW-programs, participants had increased awareness of their own responsibility and what they could do to remain at work. Many participants had implemented measures that resulted in better balance between work and social life, better quality of life and a healthier lifestyle. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
AB0173 Metabolomics in Primary SjÖgren's Syndrome: Data from the Assess Cohort
Authors: J.E. Gottenberg, F. Moussalieh, R. Seror, P. Ravaud, J. Benessiano, P. Dieude, E. Dernis, V. Devauchelle-Pensec, J.J. Dubost, A.L. Fauchais, V. Goeb, E. Hachulla, J. Morel, P.Y. Hatron, C. Larroche, V. Le Guern, J. Morel, A. Perdriger, X. Puéchal, S. Rist, A. Saraux, D. Sene, J. Sibilia, O. Vittecoq, P. Ravaud, K. Elbayed, X. Mariette, I. Namer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> High throughput study of metabolic pathways might help identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases. Primary Sjögren9s syndrome (pSS) currently lacks prognostic biomarkers and efficacious and specific treatments. We therefore assessed serum levels of 35 metabolites in pSS using high-resolution magic-angle spinning (HRMAS) proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. <h3>Methods</h3> The blood samples of 194 patients with pSS enrolled in the prospective multicenter ASSESS cohort and 41 blood donors were analysed in this study. After cryopreservation at -80°C, the samples were studied with HRMAS proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance III 500 spectrometer operating at a proton frequency of 500 MHz. All the 1D NMR spectra were acquired during 76 min. Supervised clustering was performed on the spectral region between 0.5 and 4.7 ppm using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). <h3>Results</h3> Supervised clustering of the 194 samples allowed to discriminate all patients with pSS from healthy controls (R<sup>2</sup>Y=0.88 and Q<sup>2</sup>=0.86 (figure 1)). Interestingly, 4 serum metabolites were significantly increased in pSS compared to healthy controls: threonine, lactate, glutamine and acetate. 6 metabolites were significantly decreased in pSS compared to healthy controls: myo-inositol, creatine, lysine, aspartate, glutamate and alanine <h3>Conclusions</h3> This first high-throughput analysis of metabolic pathways disclosed a specific metabolomic signature of pSS allowing discriminating all patients with pSS from controls. This new and very potent means of metabolic analysis may help to increase our knowledge on the pathogenesis of pSS, identify biomarkers, and new therapeutic targets. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
AB0748 Treatment Satisfaction with Tumour Necrosis Factor-Alpha Inhibitors (ANTI-TNF) in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: M.F. Oksuz, M.A. Balci, A.N. Tufan, A.B. Sahin, A. Gocken, Y. Durmus, S. Donmez, E. Dalkilic, O.N. Pamuk, Y. Pehlivan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Anti-TNF treatments are currently the only therapeutic option when conventional treatment fails in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. <h3>Objectives</h3> In this study we aimed to determine the variables associated with treatment satisfaction and change in quality of life (QOL) with anti-TNF treatment in AS. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with AS were recruited from two tertiary rheumatology centers in Turkey (Uludag and Trakya universities). The patients who met fulfilling the 1984 modified New York classification criteria were enrolled in a cross-sectional manner. Treatment satisfaction and QOL were assessed using visual analogue scales in which 0 indicated the worst and 10 indicated the best outcomes. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), somatic symptom checklist, and Self-Administered Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (SLANSS) were evaluated. Univariate correlation and multivariate regression analyses were applied to determine the variables associated with treatment satisfaction and QOL. <h3>Results</h3> A total of the 277 AS patients (202M, 75F, the mean age was, 39.9±11.3 year and the mean disease duration was15.9±9.2 year) were included in the study. HADS-D, LANSS, <i>SOMATIC SS</i>, BASDAI, BASFI were negatively correlated with both treatment satisfaction and QOL. Also, HADS-A was negatively correlated with treatment satisfaction but not in QOL. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that HADS-A, HADS-D, LANSS, <i>SOMATIC SS</i>, BASDAI, BASFI were independent risk factors associated with treatment satisfaction (Table 1) whereas the HADS-D, <i>SOMATIC SS</i> and BASDAI were independent risk factors associated with QOL. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These findings suggest that psychological status should be examined along with disease activity while assessing patients with AS. <h3>References</h3> Kilic G, Kilic E, Ozgocmen SMedicine (Baltimore). 2014 Dec;93(29) Giacomelli R, Gorla R, Trotta F, Tirri R, Grassi W, Bazzichi L, Galeazzi M, Matucci-Cerinic M, Scarpa R, Cantini F, Gerli R, Lapadula G, Sinigaglia L, Ferraccioli G, Olivieri I, Ruscitti P, Sarzi-Puttini P. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
SP0085 Functional MRI from Acute to Chronic Pain and Placebo Effects in Joint Diseases
Authors: A. Soni
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Pain is a common and disabling symptom experienced by many patients with rheumatic conditions. The underlying pathophysiology leading to pain is not fully understood and symptoms often persist despite optimal medical intervention. The pain experienced by a patient is not simply linearly related to the nociceptive input, but is a combination of emotional, cognitive and sensory factors. Neuroimaging is a powerful tool, which has been used to investigate the neural bases of pain. This method has enabled the discovery of several cortical and sub-cortical areas, which are thought to be important in pain perception. The use of neuroimaging in patients with chronic pain has demonstrated considerable disruption of the normal structure and function of these brain regions. In OA, there is increasing evidence to support the role of centrally mediated factors in the generation of pain. Neuroimaging provided the first direct evidence of central sensitization in OA. This has implications on the optimization of medical and surgical treatment in OA. The placebo effect has received much attention in recent years and neuroimaging has been used to investigate the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon. These studies support the involvement of frontal-limbic-brainstem network capable of driving endogenous opioid and dopamine release. These studies may inform methods to optimize treatment outcomes in clinical practice. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Update
Authors: Jean F. Botha, Alan N. Langnas
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2006)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and the most common primary hepatic malignancy. It arises on a background of hepatic cirrhosis in approximately 95% of the cases in the United States. A wide variety of treatment modalities have been applied in the treatment of HCC. Liver transplantation has emerged as the preferred treatment for patients with small HCC. Transplantation for patients whose tumors do not exceed the Milan criteria yields results equivalent to those of transplantation for non-HCC indications. Controversy now exists regarding the use of living donors, expansion of selection criteria, and role of adjuvant therapy.
THU0480 Screening for the Presence of Sacroiliitis is Recommended for Young Patients Undergoing HIP Arthroplasty
Authors: L. Waters, S. Blanckley, J. Fountain, N.J. Goodson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Congenital and acquired structural hip abnormality are frequently associated with premature hip osteoarthritis (OA) requiring arthroplasty at younger ages. However, in routine orthopaedic practice, hip arthroplasty is frequently conducted in younger patients with no clearly identified underlying cause for premature arthrosis of the hip. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to explore whether underlying comorbidity, contributing to development of premature hip OA, could be identified from reviewing pelvic radiographs and medical charts. <h3>Methods</h3> The last 100 patients aged &lt;50, undergoing hip arthroplasty were identified from the hospital coding database at Aintree University Hospital. Medical note review was available for 92. Retrospective record review recording pre-existing history of structural hip abnormality, history of known inflammatory arthropathy and presence of known metabolic comorbidity associated with arthropathy were recorded along with the presence of obesity. Pelvic radiographs were examined by 2 independent reviewers. Where sacroiliac joints (SIJ) were included the presence of radiographic sacroiliitis was recorded and SIJs were graded using New York radiographic criteria [1]. <h3>Results</h3> Chart review was conducted for 92 cases. Known prior structural abnormality was recorded in 24 (26.1%), known inflammatory arthropathy in 3 (3.3%) and 65 (70.7%) had no diagnosis of underlying hip structural abnormality or inflammatory arthropathy. In the whole cohort, 26 (28.3%) were obese (BMI≥30kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Detailed chart and investigation review identified one patient with underlying haemaochromatosis. This was diagnosed post arthroplasty. Inflammatory markers were measured in 41 (44.6%) and of these 10 (24%) had a CRP or ESR above the normal laboratory range. Pelvic radiographs that included sacroiliac joints were available for 83 participants. SIJ abnormality was observed in 9 (10.8%) with 5 (6%) having bilateral grade 2 sacroiliitis. None of these patients were known to have a diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis or axial spondyloarthritis (Axial SpA). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study has highlighted that younger patients undergoing hip arthroplasty do not have routine screening for underlying comorbidity contributing to premature OA. The high prevalence of SIJ abnormality observed in this cohort may represent undiagnosed axial SPA. Clear guidelines for routine screening for underlying comorbidity in this patient group are recommended. <h3>References</h3> Van der Linden S., Valkenburg H.A., Cats A. (1984) Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for anylosing spondylitis. A proposal for modification of the New York criteria. Arthritis Rheum 27:361-368 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Modulation of EGF Receptor Expression by Differentiating Agents in Human Colon Carcinoma Cell Lines
Authors: L D Murphy, E M Valverius, M Tsokos, L A Mickley, N Rosen, S E Bates
Journal: Cancer Communications (1990)

The existence of an autocrine loop for self-stimulation of growth in malignant cells has been proposed for transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) and its receptor, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, in a variety of malignant cell types. Expression of both has been described in colon carcinoma. In order to investigate whether there is a correlation between TGF alpha and EGF receptor mRNA expression and differentiation, we studied the effects of differentiating agents on seven human colon carcinoma cell lines. All of the lines responded to the differentiating agents. In four of the seven lines there was increased EGF receptor mRNA two to five days after treatment with 2 mM sodium butyrate. In three of these lines TGF alpha mRNA and protein were also increased. In the one cell line treated with the differentiating agents DMF and DMSO, EGF receptor mRNA was also increased. [125I]-EGF binding to the cells was measured before and after treatment with butyrate. In two of three cell lines, increased EGF receptor mRNA was accompanied by a 2.4-fold increase in the number of binding sites per cell. In SW620 cells, no EGF receptor binding was detected before or after butyrate treatment. In the two cell lines in which butyrate increased EGF receptor binding, simultaneous treatment with EGF did not enhance growth. These data demonstrate increased expression of the TGF alpha/EGF receptor system after differentiation of colon carcinoma cell lines and suggest that their expression may be characteristic of a differentiated phenotype.
Anniversary reactions in therapists
Authors: R B Granet, T P Kalman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

The authors provide three case examples of anniversary reactions in psychotherapists evoked in the course of treating patients. They note that psychotherapy has always been discussed in terms of time and phases, which lend themselves to periodicities and may provide the potential for anniversary phenomena. The authors recommend that therapists be aware of such phenomena; monitor their own losses, defenses, and dreams; and continue their own supervision. Possible positive aspects of identification of therapists' anniversary reactions are increased empathy with patients and help in completing unresolved therapeutic and personal issues.