tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular Pathways: Targeting B7-H3 (CD276) for Human Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Elodie Picarda, Kim C. Ohaegbulam, Xingxing Zang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract B7-H3 (CD276) is an important immune checkpoint member of the B7 and CD28 families. Induced on antigen-presenting cells, B7-H3 plays an important role in the inhibition of T-cell function. Importantly, B7-H3 is highly overexpressed on a wide range of human solid cancers and often correlates with both negative prognosis and poor clinical outcome in patients. Challenges remain to identify the receptor(s) of B7-H3 and thus better elucidate the role of the B7-H3 pathway in immune responses and tumor evasion. With a preferential expression on tumor cells, B7-H3 is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. Based on the clinical success of inhibitory immune checkpoint blockade (CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1), mAbs against B7-H3 appear to be a promising therapeutic strategy worthy of development. An unconventional mAb against B7-H3 with antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity is currently being evaluated in a phase I clinical trial and has shown encouraging preliminary results. Additional therapeutic approaches in targeting B7-H3, such as blocking mAbs, bispecific mAbs, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, small-molecule inhibitors, and combination therapies, should be evaluated, as these technologies have already shown positive results in various cancer settings. A better understanding of the B7-H3 pathway in humans will surely help to further optimize associated cancer immunotherapies. Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3425–31. ©2016 AACR.
The Occurrence of Gastric Lesions in the Rat as a Result of Feeding Tributyrin<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
Authors: W. D. Salmon, D. H. Copeland
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1949)

Journal Article The Occurrence of Gastric Lesions in the Rat as a Result of Feeding Tributyrin Get access W. D. Salmon, W. D. Salmon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. H. Copeland D. H. Copeland Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Agricultural Experiment Station of the Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn, Ala. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 10, Issue 2, October 1949, Pages 361–373, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/10.2.361 Published: 01 October 1949
Yes, You Can: Physicians, Patients, and Firearms
Authors: Garen J. Wintemute, Marian E. Betz, Megan L. Ranney
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Physicians have unique opportunities to help prevent firearm violence. Concern has developed that federal and state laws or regulations prohibit physicians from asking or counseling patients about firearms and disclosing patient information about firearms to others, even when threats to health and safety may be involved. This is not the case. In this article, the authors explain the statutes in question, emphasizing that physicians may ask about firearms (with rare exceptions), may counsel about firearms as they do about other health matters, and may disclose information to third parties when necessary. The authors then review circumstances under which questions about firearms might be most appropriate if they are not asked routinely. Such circumstances include instances when the patient provides information or exhibits behavior suggesting an acutely increased risk for violence, whether to himself or others, or when the patient possesses other individual-level risk factors for violence, such as alcohol abuse. The article summarizes the literature on current physician practices in asking and counseling about firearms, which are done far less commonly than recommended. Barriers to engaging in those practices, the effectiveness of clinical efforts to prevent firearm-related injuries, and what patients think about such efforts and physicians who engage in them are discussed. Proceeding from the limited available evidence, the authors make specific recommendations on how physicians might counsel their patients to reduce their risk for firearm-related death or serious injury. Finally, the authors review the circumstances under which disclosure of patient information about firearms to third parties is supported by regulations implementing the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.
Unsuspected Synchronous Thyroid Carcinoma Revealed on a Post-Therapy F-18 FDG PET/CT, in a Patient With Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: William Makis, Marc Hickeson, Javier-A. Novales-Diaz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

A 64-year-old man with high-grade follicular lymphoma had a staging F-18 FDG PET/CT scan, which showed extensive disease in the lymph nodes, skeleton, and spleen. After 5 cycles of chemotherapy, a post-therapy PET/CT showed resolution of all abnormal findings except for 1 lesion in the neck. Biopsy revealed a Hurthle cell thyroid carcinoma. This unexpected second primary malignancy, although present on the initial scan, revealed itself visually only on the post-therapy PET/CT. It is important to carefully evaluate post-therapy PET/CT scans especially in cases of "mixed" or "discordant" metabolic response, as presumed residual disease may represent the unmasking of another primary malignancy.
ePathGen - a new e-learning package in pathogen genomics
Authors: J Jefferies, J McCulloch
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Preview this article: ePathGen - a new e-learning package in pathogen genomics, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/19/21/art20813-en-1.gif
THERAPEUTICS II
Authors: D. Burrows, R. G. Shanks, C. J. Stevenson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

Journal Article THERAPEUTICS II Get access D. Burrows, D. Burrows Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. G. Shanks, R. G. Shanks Department of Therapeutics, Queen's University, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. J. Stevenson C. J. Stevenson Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 80, Issue 5, 1 May 1968, Pages 348–352, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1968.tb12317.x Published: 01 May 1968
Abstract B37: Menstrual cycle characteristics, PCOS, and ovarian cancer risk.
Authors: Holly R. Harris, Linda J. Titus, Daniel W. Cramer, Kathryn L. Terry
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: Long and irregular menstrual cycles, a hallmark of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), have been associated with higher androgen and lower sex hormone binding globulin levels (SHBG) and this altered hormonal environment may increase the risk of specific histologic subtypes of ovarian cancer. Methods: We investigated the association between menstrual cycle characteristics and PCOS among 2071 women with epithelial ovarian cancer and 2100 controls in the New England Case-Control Study (1992-2008). Women self-reported menstrual cycle irregularity, menstrual cycle length, and previous diagnosis of PCOS. We used unconditional logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for ovarian cancer risk overall, and polytomous logistic regression to evaluate whether the associations differed across histologic subtypes. Results: Overall, we observed no difference in ovarian cancer risk between women who reported periods that were never regular and women who did not report menstrual cycle irregularity (multivariable OR=0.87; 95% CI=0.69-1.10). A similar association was observed for those reporting an average menstrual cycle length of greater than 35 days with a multivariable OR of 0.87 (95% CI=0.47-1.60). In addition, no association was observed with self-reported PCOS and ovarian cancer (multivariable OR=0.96; 95% CI=0.60-1.54). When we examined the associations by histologic subtype, we observed significant differences in the association with menstrual cycle irregularity as the exposure (pheterogeneity=0.007) but not for cycle length &amp;gt;35 days or self-reported PCOS. Menstrual cycle irregularity was protective for serous invasive tumors (OR=0.66; 95% CI=0.47-0.91) but was associated with a non-significant increase in risk of serous borderline tumors (OR=1.32; 95% CI=0.86-2.03). Conclusions: Our results suggest that menstrual cycle characteristics may have influences on ovarian cancer risk that vary by histologic subtype. Future research in a large collaborative consortium may help clarify these associations. Citation Format: Holly R. Harris, Linda J. Titus, Daniel W. Cramer, Kathryn L. Terry. Menstrual cycle characteristics, PCOS, and ovarian cancer risk. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B37.
Case 23-1978
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, George W. B. Starkey, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Presentation of CaseA 55-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a pulmonary lesion.She was well until two months earlier, when she began to experience aching pain in the left posterior portion of the chest. A nonproductive cough developed; a low-grade fever appeared and subsided after one week. An x-ray film of the chest, obtained elsewhere, was reported to show pneumonia. A cough suppressant was prescribed, but she did not improve. On a follow-up examination two weeks later an x-ray film of the chest showed no change. Tetracycline was administered for one week, with slight improvement in . . .
European Perspectives
Authors: Peter Hollins, Peter Weissberg, Mike Knapton
Journal: Circulation (2007)

A t the age of 12 years, Peter Hollins was powerless to stop his father from dying of a heart attack.So, like thousands of others in the United Kingdom, Peter became a supporter of the British Heart Foundation (BHF) because of a direct personal loss.In 2003, in his mid-50s, after a long career in senior management in the chemical and energy industries, he became chief executive of the BHF, returning full-time to a personal mission that had begun when he was 12: the quest to prevent deaths caused by heart disease.The BHF is by far the most successful heart foundation in Europe, funding 55% of cardiovascular research in the United Kingdom.But is it spending its money effectively?A perception exists that cardiovascular research in Britain and elsewhere in Europe has been in decline and that it fails to attract and reward talented researchers.Mr Hollins (pictured right), who is also president of the European Heart Network, agrees that although the BHF attracts money, the success of any heart foundation depends on how efficiently and effectively it spends what it receives.
Leading Components of Upturn in Mortality for Men: United States—1952-67.
Authors: A J Klebba
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Excluding the sharp peaks in the mortali~ curve reflecting the pandemic of influenza in 1918-19 and subsequent severe epidemics of influenza and pneumonia in a number of other years, the trend of the death rate for the United States was clearly downward during 1900-1950. Then the death rate leveled off and remained almost stationary during 1950-60. Moriyama 1 began to ask if the stationary level was transitory or whether it marked the beginning of a new uptrend in mortality. An analysis of age-color-sex specific death rates for the period 1948-68 answers the question at least for male persons. For both white men and those of other races, for most age groups beginning with 15-19 years, the course of mortality was indeed upward in the 1960's (tables 1 and 2).
Biological Studies on the Rous Sarcoma Virus. VI. Variability of Recoverable Virus from Tumors Propagated by Cell Transplantation
Authors: Dorothy Calnan, John P. Kvedar, W. Ray Bryan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1957)

Journal Article Biological Studies on the Rous Sarcoma Virus. VI. Variability of Recoverable Virus from Tumors Propagated by Cell Transplantation Get access Dorothy Calnan, Dorothy Calnan Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John P. Kvedar, John P. Kvedar Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. Ray Bryan W. Ray Bryan Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 19, Issue 5, November 1957, Pages 941–956, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/19.5.941 Published: 01 November 1957 Article history Received: 11 June 1957 Published: 01 November 1957
Soundings: How to be a health secretary
Authors: James Owen Drife
Journal: BMJ (2001)

So the general election is over and you are the new secretary of state for health. Welcome to the best job in the cabinet. You will be advised by some of Britain's brightest young sociology graduates, who will help you draw up your plan for revolutionising health care.

Other cabinet posts carry responsibilities. Defence secretaries, for example, have been known to resign over mistakes. With health, however, like transport and prisons, public expectations are so low that this question does not arise.

A major part of your job is to keep them low. Health economists will help you do this. You need not talk to them. Nobody else does. Just let them continue telling everyone that the demand for health care is infinite, so nobody—least of all you—can be expected to supply it.

Never suggest that hospitals adopt rational business practices, such as planned replacement of equipment. On no account talk to people who see patients. Instead, praise them with half-hearted platitudes. This always unnerves them.

Never criticise nurses, midwives, or porters. Take every opportunity to refer, in sentimental but non-sexist language, to their selfless dedication. This creates the right conditions to underpay them.

Never underestimate the tolerance of the public. Voters who readily give money to famine and earthquake relief in developing countries will not raise a murmur in protest when you strip those countries of doctors and nurses.

Criticise senior doctors as much as you like. This is a tradition started by Aneurin Bevan. Indeed, it is the only tradition of his that you are expected to maintain. Don't worry about the profession's response. At any given moment it has at least three dozen leaders, all of whom dislike one another much more than they dislike you.

People are always interested in their health, and the healthier they are, the more they complain. You are their spokesperson. Let's face it: nobody really expects you to know anything about the health service.

A country in which half a million people die each year (mostly of old age) provides lots of human tragedies, many of which you can exploit for political ends. With skill, you could be the first health secretary in decades to advance your political career. Good luck.
Effect of Nucleoside Transport Inhibitors on Thymidine Salvage and the Toxicity of Nucleoside Analogs in Mouse Bone Marrow Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Cells
Authors: N M Marina, J A Belt
Journal: Cancer Communications (1991)

In an attempt to elucidate the types of nucleoside transporters present in bone marrow stem cells, this study examined the effect of nucleoside transport inhibitors on the toxicity of nucleoside analogs and on the salvage of thymidine by mouse bone marrow granulocyte and macrophage progenitor cells using the CFU-GM assay. Concentrations of NBMPR (nitrobenzylmercaptopurine riboside) as low as 10 nM protected these cells from the toxicity of the adenosine analog tubercidin and provided a partial block of thymidine-rescue of the granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells from methotrexate toxicity. Dipyridamole had similar effects but generally required higher concentrations. These results suggested that the major nucleoside transporter in these cells is the NBMPR-sensitive equilibrative carrier, es. In contrast to the results with tubercidin, the toxicity of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine was increased 8- to 10-fold by 1 microM NBMPR. These results suggested that the bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells also have a concentrative nucleoside transporter that is capable of pumping 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine into the cells while efflux of the nucleoside via es is blocked by NBMPR.
Abstract P1-08-04: Sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with gene-specific promoter methylation in women with breast cancer
Authors: AJ White, J Chen, LE McCullough, X Xu, YH Cho, K Conway, J Beyea, SD Stellman, SE Steck, I Mordukhovich, SM Eng, MB Terry, LS Engel, M Hatch, AI Neugut, H Hibshoosh, RM Santella, MD Gammon
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Tobacco smoke, diet, and indoor and outdoor air pollution, all major sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), have been associated with breast cancer incidence. Aberrant methylation may be an early event in carcinogenesis, but whether PAHs influence the epigenome is unclear. Few studies have evaluated whether PAHs are associated with methylation, particularly in breast tumors where methylation changes are particularly relevant. In a population-based case-control study, we measured promoter methylation of 13 breast cancer-related genes in breast tumor tissue (n=765-851 cases) and global methylation in peripheral blood (1,055 cases/1,101 controls). PAH sources (current active smoking, residential environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), vehicular traffic, synthetic log burning, and grilled/smoked meat intake) were evaluated separately. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). When comparing methylated versus unmethylated genes, synthetic log use was associated with increased ORs for CDH1 (OR=2.28, 95%CI=1.07-4.83), HIN1 (OR=2.11, 95%CI=1.32-3.38) and RARβ methylation (OR=1.82, 95%CI=1.18-2.83) and decreased ORs for BRCA1 methylation (OR=0.44, 95%CI=0.30-0.65). Residential ETS was associated with decreased ORs for ESR1 (OR=0.74, 95%CI=0.56-0.99) and CCND2 methylation (OR=0.65, 95%CI=0.44-0.96). Current smoking and vehicular traffic were associated with decreased ORs for DAPK (OR=0.53, 95%CI=0.28-0.99) and increased ORs for TWIST1 methylation (OR=2.79, 95%CI=1.24-6.30), respectively. In controls, synthetic log use was inversely associated with LINE-1 methylation (OR=0.60, 95%CI=0.42-0.87). PAH sources were associated with hypo- and hypermethylation at multiple promoter regions in breast tumors and LINE-1 hypomethylation in blood of controls. Methylation may be a potential biologic mechanism for the association between PAHs and breast cancer incidence. Citation Format: White AJ, Chen J, McCullough LE, Xu X, Cho YH, Conway K, Beyea J, Stellman SD, Steck SE, Mordukhovich I, Eng SM, Terry MB, Engel LS, Hatch M, Neugut AI, Hibshoosh H, Santella RM, Gammon MD. Sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with gene-specific promoter methylation in women with breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-08-04.
Influence of Altered Atmospheric Oxygen on Urethan-Induced Pulmonary Tumors in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Joseph A. Dipaolo
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1959)

Three groups of male and female Strong A mice, 6 to 8 weeks old, were injected with either 0.01 mg., 0.1 mg., or 1.0 mg. of urethan per gm. of body weight. Immediately after injection, mice from each of the 3 groups were exposed for 48 hours to 4 different environments: 10 percent oxygen, room air, 70 percent oxygen, and compressed air. Three months later the mice were killed and the number of pulmonary adenomas counted. With 1 mg. of urethan per gm. of body weight, the concentration which produced tumors in all mice, the hyperoxia group developed more tumors than the other groups and showed a statistically significant difference from the other groups.
Friedrich Schiller
Authors: Robert W. Buck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

HALF a century or more ago, but well within the adult memory of several million persons now living in this country, road companies from Cincinnati or Chicago were presenting Wilhelm Tell in the original German throughout the Middle West to good-sized audiences of emigres from the Palatinate. The German influence represented the major foreign component in the American scene of the latter nineteenth century. As late as 1916 Harvard Medical School gave office room to "privatdocents," and laboratory handymen were still universally called "Dieners." To that generation the name of Friedrich Schiller, Swabian dramatist, historian and poet of the pigtail . . .
Cryptorchidism and Fertility
Authors: G Arvis, Y Nicourt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

This article describes a fertility study based on 490 cases of surgically treated undescended testicles. Some of the patients were seen very early, and others later, even after puberty. The results are assessed as a function of the onset of pregnancy, or, failing this, on the basis of spermograms, and as a function of whether one or both testicles were undescended. Among the married patients with a unilateral complaint, the paternity rate was 69 p. cent, failing to 43 per cent for bilateral cases. Their spermograms showed an average count of 33.7 X 10(6)/ml for unilateral cryptorchids, and 3.66 X 10(6)/ml for bilateral. The surgical attitude to be adopted is discussed with particular emphasis on patients seen late.