tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Choice
Authors: Paul Bate, Glenn Robert
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Scholar's mode of presentation hinders its usefulness and may take up valuable time.Google's algorithm-which weighs the significance of articlesmay be partly to blame.The quantity of search results is acceptable, but quality is often not.Using some of the subject tags in advanced mode may offer some assistance, and more precision.Because current articles are not displayed first, and cannot be sorted, downloaded, or emailed-expect to do a lot of sifting.Still, Scholar does simplify basic searching for doctors, and it's free, like PubMed (www.pubmed.gov).For anyone not affiliated with a large medical centre or university, the ability to search for and access research material that is available free on the web is a boon.As scientific societies and associations consider moving their journals to open access models, Google Scholar and Elsevier's Scirus (www.scirus.com/srsapp/) will likely provide a reliable gateway to this information.The most useful feature to come out this year on Google Scholar is "cited by" referencing.This free tool links searchers to other scholarly papers that have cited the paper being viewed.Scholar also provides links to local library catalogues through its library link program and through an international database called WorldCat. 7 In searches for clinical trials and systematic reviews, Google Scholar should of course never be used in isolation.However, it is a useful addition to PubMed, Cochrane, and other trusted sources of information, such as the TRIP or UpToDate databases, or a good medical librarian.For hard to find government or conference papers, don't forget to search regular Google in addition to Google Scholar. 8 Some basic questions remain for Google Scholar.What does Google consider "scholarly"?Will Google ever tell us exactly what is in the database?Could the Google algorithm present the most current research at the top of the results display?And how often will Google update the database? 9 10 What do we make of Google's future?Google's past success seems predicated on a simple business principle: do no evil.Founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page are said to be interested in using Google's computers to advance the cause of medical science.Apparently, Google's data mining techniques are well suited to analysing gene sequences in the human genome project.It may even be possible for patients to "google their own genes" one day. 11 But "do no evil" is a far cry from "do what's best for humanity."Google is still a business.However, if it wishes to do something for medicine, Google should consider creating a medical portal.Call it Google Medicine; design an interface with medical filters and better algorithms; lead to the best evidence (just don't forget to consult with librarians about where the evidence is located).This kind of all purpose tool is badly needed in medicine, particularly for developing countries.Build Google Medicine.The benefits to human health would be immeasurable.
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
Authors: H D Ochs
Journal: JAMA (1963)

In 1937, Wiskott described three brothers with congenital thrombocytopenia, bloody diarrhea, eczema, and recurrent ear infections. Seventeen years later, Aldrich showed X-linked (a gene carried on the X chromosome) inheritance. Subsequently, the characteristic immune defects of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) were reported, including lymphopenia, lymphocyte depletion in the thymus, T-dependent pericortical areas of lymph nodes, defective delayed type hypersensitivity, and failure to produce antibodies to polysaccharides and to a variety of bacterial, protein, and viral antigens. The consistent platelet abnormalities were explained by ineffective thrombocytopoiesis. The increased risk of autoimmune diseases and malignancies was recognized. In addition to the classic WAS phenotype, a milder form designated as hereditary X-linked thrombocytopenia (XLT) has been described. The genes for both WAS and XLT have been mapped to Xp11.22 and sequence analysis has identified mutations of the same gene in both phenotypes. The gene coding for the WAS protein (WASP) is composed of 12 exons containing 1,823 base pairs and encodes a 502-amino acid protein. WASP is expressed in the cytoplasm of all hematopoietic stem cell-derived lineages. Although the precise function of WASP is unknown, several unique binding domains have been identified, and WASP appears to play a critical role in signal transduction by interacting with SH3-containing molecules and in the regulation of the cytoskeletal reorganization. The identification of the WASP gene allows the diagnosis of WAS on a molecular basis, carrier detection, and prenatal diagnosis. Treatment is largely symptomatic and includes antibiotics, prophylactic intravenous immunoglobulin (i.v.IG) and splenectomy in selected cases to reduce hemorrhages. Stem cell transplantation corrects the defect and should be considered in younger patients.
ABC of wound healing: Diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Michael E Edmonds, A V M Foster
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Diabetic foot ulcers can be divided into two groups: those in neuropathic feet (so called neuropathic ulcers) and those in feet with ischaemia often associated with neuro-pathy (so called neuroischaemic ulcers). The neuropathic foot is warm and well perfused with palpable pulses; sweating is diminished, and the skin may be dry and prone to fissuring. The neuroischaemic foot is a cool, pulseless foot; the skin is thin, shiny, and without hair. There is also atrophy of the subcutaneous tissue, and intermittent claudication and rest pain may be absent because of neuropathy.

The crucial difference between the two types of feet is the absence or presence of ischaemia. The presence of ischaemia may be confirmed by a pressure index (ankle brachial pressure index <1). As many diabetic patients have medial arterial calcification, giving an artificially raised ankle systolic pressure, it is also important to examine the Doppler arterial waveform. The normal waveform is pulsatile with a positive forward flow in systole followed by a short reverse flow and a further forward flow in diastole, but in the presence of arterial narrowing the waveform shows a reduced forward flow and is described as “damped.”

Neuropathic ulcers usually occur on the plantar aspect of the foot under the metatarsal heads or on the plantar aspects of the toes.

The most common cause of ulceration is repetitive mechanical forces of gait, which lead to callus, the most important preulcerative lesion in the neuropathic foot. If allowed to become too thick, the callus will press on the soft tissues underneath and cause ulceration. A layer of whitish, macerated, moist tissue found under the surface of the callus indicates that the foot is close to ulceration, and urgent removal of the callus is necessary. If the callus is not removed, inflammatory autolysis and haematomas develop under …
Outcomes Following Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT) In Patients With Germinal Center B (GCB) and Non-GCB Cell-Like Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphomas (DLBCL) According To Conditioning With BEAM-Rituximab (Standard vs. High-Dose) Vs. BEAM/Yttrium-90 Ibritumomab Tiuxetan (90YIT)
Authors: Issa F. Khouri, Rima M. Saliba, Zijun Y Xu-Monette, Gabriela Rondon, Rosamar Valverde, Martin Korbling, Alison M Gulbis, Paolo Anderlini, Ahmed Sairah, Chitra M. Hosing, Uday R Popat, Partow Kebriaei, Luis E Fayad, Jason R. Westin, Francesco Turturro, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Richard E Champlin, Ken H. Young
Journal: Blood (2013)
Mikey
Authors: L M Asta
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Detection of breakpoint cluster region- negative and nonclonal hematopoiesis in vitro and in vivo after transplantation of cells selected in cultures of chronic myeloid leukemia marrow
Authors: AG Turhan, RK Humphries, CJ Eaves, MJ Barnett, GL Phillips, DK Kalousek, HG Klingemann, PL Lansdorp, DE Reece, JD Shepherd
Journal: Blood (1990)
Multiple Myeloma
Authors: O. Ross McIntyre
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

STANDARD treatment for myeloma has involved use of the oral alkylating agent melphalan, given either continuously or intermittently with prednisone.1 These regimens produce objective responses in 40 to 50 per cent of patients, as measured by a decline in levels of myeloma protein (M-protein), and give a median survival for all patients of approximately 24 months. The response and survival results obtained in the various series are dependent on selection of patients and on exclusion from analysis of patients who fail to respond or who die early.Since the melphalan-prednisone combination therapy came into general use in the late 1960's, . . .
The Horrible Taste of Nectar and Honey—Inappropriate Use of Thickened Liquids in Dementia
Authors: Christina Hao Wang, Blake Charlton, Jeffrey Kohlwes
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Lupus' Racial Prevalence Questioned
Authors: M Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SP0147 Effects of Systemic Inflammation on Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts, and Osteocytes
Authors: H. Takayanagi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by systemic inflammation which results in various types of bone loss such as joint erosion and systemic/periarticular osteoporosis. Bone loss occurs based on the imbalance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. The bone loss is mainly caused by enhanced osteoclast formation and activation, which are mediated by RANKL, a key cytokine for osteoclastogenesis. In rheumatoid arthritis, activated T cells accumulate in the synovium where T cells stimulate local inflammation through IL-17, which induce RANKL in synovial cells. This is the main cause of focal bone erosion. Inflammation also influences osteoclastic bone resorption by other mediators such as inflammatory cytokines and IgG immune complex in the serum. They are more related to systemic/periarticular osteoporosis. Less is known about the effect of inflammation on other bone cells, but TNF is known to inhibit bone formation by suppressing Wnt signaling via induction of Dkk-1. Here I summarize the effect of systemic inflammation on bone cells in the context of osteoimmunology. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy To Detect Duodenogastric Reflux
Authors: MEHMET AYDIN, ALI FUAT YAPAR, ZEYNEP YAPAR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Başkent University Hospital* and Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine,† Adana, Turkey Received for publication June 19, 2000. Accepted August 8, 2000. Reprint requests: Mehmet Aydın, Başkent University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, 01250 Yüreğir, Adana, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected]
The effects of physician-delivered brief smoking cessation on ACRIN/NLST participants’ smoking behaviors.
Authors: Ilana F Gareen, Elyse R. Park, Jeremy Gorelick, Sandra Japuntich, Inga Tolin Lennes, Sarah Baum, JoRean Sicks, Nancy Rigotti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

7525 Background: The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) demonstrated a 20% relative reduction in lung cancer mortality for current and former heavy smokers screened with low-dose CT vs. radiography. The NCCN and ACS recently released lung screening guidelines which promote smoking cessation counseling, but there is no information about the prevalence or effectiveness of brief physician-delivered smoking cessation interventions, such as the 5As (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange follow-up) among lung screening patients. Methods: Among 8,878 NLST participants from 23 ACRIN sites who were smoking at enrollment, we conducted a longitudinal examination of the 1) rates and patterns of each reported 5A receipt and 2) association between each A and quitting. Using a case-control logistic regression, which matched participants according to trial arm; sociodemographic; medical; and smoking characteristics, we compared self-reported point-prevalence abstinence following 5A receipt. Results: Participants were 54% male, 90.6% white, and mean age 60.8 years. Receipt of 5As was consistent for the first 3 study years; rates of Ask (75%) and Advise (74%), exceeded rates of Assess (64%), Assist (58%), and Arrange follow-up (13%). Receipt of Ask, Advise, and Assess did not significantly increase the odds of a participant quitting smoking. Assist (cessation counseling, medication) increased the odds of quitting smoking by 22% (p=0.0002), and Arrange follow-up increased the odds of quitting by 20% (p=0.002). Older age and lower nicotine dependence were significantly associated with quitting, after accounting for the effectiveness of Assist (OR=1.34, CI: 1.16-1.55; OR== 0.95, CI: .93-.97) and Arrange follow-up (OR=1.34, CI: 1.16, 1.54; OR=.95, CI: .93-.97). Conclusions: Among high risk patients undergoing lung screening, Advice to quit was not associated with improved odds of smokers’ quitting. Assist and Arrange follow-up were associated with improved odds of smokers’ quitting, but unfortunately, rates of receipt of these As were low. Physician-delivered smoking cessation assistance and follow-up has the potential to enhance the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of lung screening. Clinical trial information: CDR0000257938.
SAT0296 Bone Mineral Density Changes After Kidney Transplantation
Authors: N. Segaud, I. Legroux, M. Hazzan, C. Noel, B. Cortet
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Renal transplant patients may have bone loss related to the drugs taken but also to their past history of chronic kidney disease. <h3>Objectives</h3> The objective of the present work was to study changes in BMD 2 years after the first assessment. <h3>Methods</h3> This longitudinal study included patients who underwent renal transplantation realized between 2005 and 2011 and followed at the University-Hospital of Lille. Patients were included if they had a first bone evaluation (including bone densitometry, spine X-rays and biological assessment) and at least another BMD assessment. The first assessment was done on average 9 months after transplantation and 2 years later. <h3>Results</h3> 259 patients satisfied to the inclusion criteria, (96 women) with a mean age of 49.7±12.1 years at transplantation. The mean duration of dialysis was 3.2±3.3 years. 75 patients (29.0%) withdrew corticosteroid 7 days after transplantation without new introduction during follow-up. Vertebral fractures were found in 28 patients (10.8%). According to the WHO classification, 101 patients had osteoporosis and 125 had osteopenia at the first evaluation (at least at one site). Osteoporosis treatment with bisphosphonates (alendronate or risedronate) was initiated for 95 patients. In all patients, BMD gains compared with baseline were significant: 3.9±6.6%, 2.6%±7.6, 3.0±7.2% at the lumbar spine, femoral neck and the total hip respectively (p&lt;0.0001). The gains were significant for patients treated with bisphosphonates compared with patients not treated: 5.0% (p&lt;0.0001), 2.5% (p=0.01) and 2.7% (p&lt;0.01) respectively at the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip. There was no difference in terms of BMD gains between alendronate and risedronate (p=0.6). The patients who withdrew corticosteroids early had higher gains in BMD than patients with more prolonged corticosteroid therapy: difference between groups was 2.1% for the lumbar spine (p=0.02) and 2.0% for the total hip (p=0.04). The stepwise regression analysis (patients without bisphosphonates) showed associations between BMD changes (femoral neck) and the duration of corticosteroid therapy, the level of bone alkaline phosphatase at baseline, the lack of vertebral fracture. No correlation was found between the change in BMD and the duration of dialysis or renal function. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Kidney transplant recipients have a pre-existing increased bone fragility. Bisphosphonates and early corticosteroid withdrawal can improve BMD. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Lack of association between dopamine D1 and D2 receptor genes and bipolar affective disorder
Authors: M M Nöthen, J Erdmann, J Körner, M Lanczik, J Fritze, R Fimmers, D K Grandy, B O'Dowd, P Propping
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

Fifty-six patients with bipolar affective disorder and 69 healthy control subjects were tested for association of restriction fragment length polymorphism alleles at the dopamine D1 and D2 receptor loci. No significant associations were found; thus, the hypothesis that a single mutant form of either receptor gene is responsible for the phenotype of patients with bipolar affective disorder was not supported.
Chemotherapy of advanced breast cancer.
Authors: R Herrmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1988.6.10.1665 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3171632 Chemotherapy of advanced breast cancer. R HerrmannxR HerrmannSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1988.6.10.1665 PDF "Chemotherapy of advanced breast cancer.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 6(10), pp. 1665–1666© 1988 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
SP0015 Impact on NGS in Daily Practice in Autoinflammatory Diseases
Authors: M. Gattorno
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Systemic AutoInflammatory Diseases (SAID) are a growing number of monogenic and multifactorial conditions secondary to deregulation of mechanisms controlling innate immune responses and are characterized by sterile inflammation. Originally these disorders were limited to a handful of rare monogenic diseases (recurrent fevers). Thanks to the great improvement in genetic diagnostic techniques, the number of known associated genes and associated autoinflammatory phenotypes has have dramatically expanded Depending on the pattern of inheritance, the identification of one or two mutations with a known pathogenic impact and high penetrance represents an essential final step for the diagnosis of SAID. However, in a considerable proportion of cases (70-80%) molecular analysis is unable to provide diagnostic confirmation (i.e. presence of a single mutation in autosomal recessive disorders, low-penetrance mutations, functional polymorphisms or novel variants of unknown functional impact). This is important because a delay in a proper diagnosis, further delay timely treatments leading to irreversible organ damage. The Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach has proven to be a successful strategy for inducing a marked acceleration in rare disease gene discovery, improving clinical diagnosis, providing insight into biological mechanisms, and increasing therapeutic opportunities. Indeed, NGS represents a potential revolutionary diagnostic tool for genetic conditions, allowing the simultaneous analysis of different genes associated to a given group of inherited disorders. Moreover, NGS allows the detection of somatic mosaicism, as demonstrated in patients presenting a typical clinical phenotype, but are negative for germ-line mutations. Such NGS could present an approach to enables a definitive diagnosis in some patients with monogenic SAID, but in other cases the results can be inconclusive or even misleading. Therefore, the definitive diagnosis and classification of inherited SAID should rely on the careful interpretation of results derived from several complementary molecular analyses, in the light of the clinical phenotype. So far, formal diagnostic criteria have been developed for a few SAID, but their accuracy has not been confirmed in different ages and populations. In spite of our increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of SAID, there is still a large number of individuals with a clinical diagnosis of SAID and but without mutations in known disease causing genes. In this lecture we will analyze the main technical issues associated to the possible application of NGS technique in daily practice and the possible difficulties in the interpretation of the results coming from the simultaneous analysis of different genes. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared