tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Persistent Rubella Virus Infection Associated with Chronic Arthritis in Children
Authors: Janet Kathleen Chantler, Aubrey James Tingle, Ross Edward Petty
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

We isolated rubella virus from lymphoreticular cells in 7 of 19 children with chronic rheumatic disease, including patients with systemic-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (Still's disease) (1 of 5), polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (2 of 2), pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (2 of 6), and seronegative spondyloarthritis (2 of 6). In contrast, rubella virus was not isolated from the control group, which included eight normal subjects and eight patients with other connective tissue diseases or traumatic joint effusion. In most members of the study group, mononuclear cells from both synovial fluid and peripheral blood were examined. Rubella virus was isolated from both cell populations in three patients, from only peripheral blood in one, and from only synovial fluid in two. In the children with systemic-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, only peripheral blood was examined, and of the five samples analyzed, one was shown to have rubella virus. Virus was isolated on more than one occasion from four of seven persons. Persistence of rubella virus in lymphoreticular cells in 35 per cent of these cases of juvenile arthritis supports the view that the virus may be an etiologic agent in chronic human joint disease, but further work will be required to support this suggestion. (N Engl J Med 1985; 313:1117–23.)
AB0807 Nailfold capillaroscopy findings are related to the pulmonary function tests values in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: I. Castellví, M. Sarmiento, M.E. Corica, P. Moya-Alvarado, C. Diaz-Torne, C. Geli, A. Laiz, A. Rodriguez de la Serna, C. Diaz-Lopez, J.M. de Llobet, J. Casademont
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the relation between different pathological capillaroscopic findings and pulmonary function tests in patients with scleroderma. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective observational study of a cohort of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) or early SSc (eSSc) followed in Rheumatology Unit of a University Hospital from 1975 to 2011. Patients who had a nailfold videocapillaroscopy with 120x magnification were selected. The following pathological findings were considered: presence of megacapillaries and/or angiogenesis and loss of capillary density. Capillaroscopic findings were compared with the following values of lung function tests performed in the same year of the capillaroscopy: % predicted forced vital capacity (FVC), DLCO and the FVC/DLCO ratio. The following variables were also included: sex, type of SSc, presence of digital ulcers, interstitial lung disease (ILD), scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) and pulmonary hypertension determined by echocardiogram. Statistical analysis was performed by T Test to compare the capillaroscopic findings and pulmonary function test. Values of p&lt;0.05 were considered statistical significance. <h3>Results</h3> Of all patients (n=136), 84 had at least one videocapillaroscopy. We observed that 92,9% were female, 67% (57/84) had limited SSc, 25,3% (21/84) ILD, 29,8% (25/84) DU and 17,9% (15/84) of patients had PH. We analyzed the capillaroscopics findings with the lung function parameters. We found that patients with loss of capillary density had worse FVC (87% ± 19,58 vs 101,12% ± 16,06, <i>p</i> &lt;0.01) and DLCO (71,24% ± 21,37 vs. 85,9% ± 19,81, <i>p</i> &lt;0.01). We did not find a relation between alteration in respiratory function tests and the presence of megacapillaries and angiogenesis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Patients with significant loss of capillary density in the nail-fold capillaroscopy showed worst values of FVC and DLCO. Prospective studies are needed to determine if the nail-fold capillaroscopy may be useful to study lung involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
THE IMPACT OF CHOICE OF ANTICOAGULANT AGENTS AND THE RISK FOR BLEEDING DURING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: INSIGHTS FROM THE CALIFORNIA NCDR CATH PCI REGISTRY
Authors: Femi Philip, Gagan Singh, Jeffrey Southard, Garrett Wong, Suresh Ram, Zhongmin Li, William Bommer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Abstract 3441: Dynamin inhibitors as anticancer agent in cervical carcinoma.
Authors: Jeong-Won Lee, Hye Kyung Jeon
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Dynamin is a 96 kDa GTPase enzyme involved in membrane constriction and fission during endocytosis. Among the three human dynamin genes, dynamin I is expressed in neurons and neuro-endocrine cells, dynamin II is expressed in most cell types, and dynamin III is strongly expressed in the testis, brain, and lung tissue. Dynamin II plays an essential role in the completion of the final stage of mitosis, cytokinesis. MiTMAB (myristyl trimethyl ammonium bromides) and OcTMAB (octadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide) are small-molecule inhibitors of dynamin that competitively interfere with the ability of dynamin to bind phospholipids and prevent receptor-mediated endocytosis. In this study, we investigated whether dynamin inhibitor could inhibit survival, proliferation, and invasion of cervical cancer cell lines. To evaluate the role of dynamin II in cell proliferation, we performed MTT assays with Hela and SiHa cells after incubation with various doses of MiTMAB or OcTMAB. To confirm the apoptosis after MiTMAB and OcTMAB treatment, active caspase-3 ELISA and FACS were performed. And to identify the role of dynamin II in cell invasion, we evaluated the secretion of MMP-9 after dynamin II inhibitor treatment by ELISA assay. We found that MiTMAB and OcTMAB had a growth-inhibiting effect at 2 or 3 day after treatment in both cells. Active caspase-3 expression and Annexin V intensity were increased by MiTMAB and OcTMAB. And the secretion of MMP-9 was increased after dynamin II inhibitor treatment. MiTMAB and OcTMAB are the first compounds reported to exclusively block cytokinesis without affecting progression through any other stage of the cell cycle. Cytokinesis failure induces cell death. These data revealed that dynamin II modulates cancer cell survival, proliferation, and invasion and suggest that dynamin II could be a key target for new strategies in cervical cancer treatment. Citation Format: Jeong-Won Lee, Hye Kyung Jeon. Dynamin inhibitors as anticancer agent in cervical carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3441. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3441
THU0344 Reduced LPS-Induced IL-6 Production by Monocytes in Whole Blood Stimulations in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: K. Conrad, D. Poddubnyy, J. Sieper, U. Syrbe
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Cytokine production by monocytes might contribute to pathogenesis of AS. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of the study was to analyze cytokine production of monocytes in response to different toll-like-receptor (TLR) ligands. Therefore, whole peripheral blood (PB) and isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were stimulated with different TLR ligands and cytokine production was determined by intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry. <h3>Methods</h3> PB and PBMNC of 19 AS patients and 12 healthy controls (Co) were stimulated for 5 hours with toll-like-receptor (TLR)-ligands (TLR-4: lipopolysaccharide (LPS), TLR2/6: fibroblast-stimulating lipopeptide (FSL-1), TLR1/2: PAM<sub>3</sub>CSK<sub>4</sub>. After stimulation cells were stained for CD68 to identify monocytes and intracellularly for TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6, p40 (IL12/23), IL-10 and IL-1ra. Cytokine production of CD68<sup>+</sup> monocytes was determined by flow cytometry. In addition we quantified the LPS binding protein (LBP) concentration in the serum of 19 AS patients and 18 Co by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measurement. <h3>Results</h3> In PB stimulated with LPS the frequency of IL-6-producing (57.99±11.56 vs. 76.63±9.395% respectively; p=0.0006) and IL-10-producing (0.9845±1.588 vs. 1.4060±0.938% respectively; p=0.0385) CD68+ monocytes was significantly reduced in AS patients compared to Co. No significant difference was observed for IL-1b, TNF-a and IL-1ra. Moreover, PB stimulation with other TLR-ligands did not result in significant differences between AS patients and controls. In contrast to PB, stimulation of isolated PBMC with LPS or other TLR ligands, showed no differences in cytokine expression. These results suggested that serum factors, such as LPS binding protein, might affect LPS-induced cytokine expression in PB. Quantification of LBP revealed a significant increase in AS compared to Co (107.033±65.246 vs. 35.174±18.880 µg/ml respectively; p=0.0006). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The LPS-induced IL-6 production by monocytes in PB is impaired. High serum concentration of LBP might contribute to this impairment, as plasma levels of this protein exhibiting LPS neutralizing capacity is strongly enhanced in AS patients. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract 2779: Relationship of mammographic density with breast cancer subtypes
Authors: Gretchen L. Gierach, Jolanta Lissowska, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Xiaohong R. Yang, Jonine D. Figueroa, Sarah Anzick, Ewa Wesolowska, Louise A. Brinton, Paul S. Meltzer, Norman F. Boyd, Mark E. Sherman
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Mammographic density (MD), a measure of the amount of radiologically dense breast tissue, is one of the strongest breast cancer risk factors. Studies have found that high MD increases risk for both estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and positive breast cancers, but data relating MD to breast cancer subtypes are limited. Methods: We used data from the population-based Polish Breast Cancer Study to explore relationships between MD and breast cancer characteristics. This analysis includes 227 invasive breast cancers, which were available as frozen samples and used for mRNA and cytogenetic profiling, and fixed tissues, which were prepared as tissue microarrays for immunohistochemical analysis. Pre-treatment mammograms of the unaffected breast were retrieved for 184 (81%) cases ages 28-75 years. Craniocaudal views of digitized films were used to assess percent MD with Cumulus, a computer-assisted thresholding method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) models were used to test the null hypothesis of no mean difference in MD between the breast cancer subtypes. Results: Tumor subtypes were classified by key immunohistochemical markers as luminal A (ER+ and/or progesterone receptor (PR)+, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-; n=129), luminal B (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2+; n=6), HER2-expressing (ER-, PR-, HER2+; n=13), basal-like (ER-, PR-, HER2-, cytokeratin 5+, and/or HER1+; n=23), and unclassified (negative for all five markers; n=8). Five cases did not have interpretable staining for all five markers and were excluded. MD values were approximately normally distributed. Preliminary ANOVA models revealed no differences in mean percent MD by tumor subtypes (p=0.29) as follows: luminal A, 27.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 24.9-30.2); luminal B, 27.0% (95% CI: 14.8-39.2); HER2-expressing, 27.2% (95% CI: 18.9-35.5); basal-like, 24.6% (95% CI: 18.4-30.8); and unclassified, 15.7% (95% CI: 5.2-26.3). In analysis of covariance models adjusted for age there was marginal evidence of elevated MD with the HER2-expressing subtype (p=0.04), but we cannot exclude the possibility that this is a chance finding. Conclusions: Our results do not provide strong support for an association between percent MD and breast cancer subtypes. To identify additional clues as to the biology underlying the MD-breast cancer relationship, ongoing analyses will relate MD to mRNA and cytogenetic profiles and data for protein expression via immunohistochemistry available for additional markers as previously reported. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2779.
Philippa Anne Mitchelson
Authors: J. J. Green, M. Carri, P. Emmett, C. Schroder, S. Paiyadi
Journal: BMJ (2012)

After house jobs in Whiston Hospital in Merseyside, Philippa Anne Mitchelson (“Pippa”) rotated through medical, radiotherapy, anaesthetics, accident and emergency medicine, and obstetrics and gynaecology posts. She did her general practitioner training in Northwich and then worked as …
Abstract 3949: In vivo imaging of tumor hypoxia by a new near-infrared fluorescent carbonic anhydrase IX-targeted agent
Authors: Bagna Bao, Kevin Groves, Jun Zhang, Emma Handy, Paul Kennedy, Garry Cuneo, Claudiu T. Supuran, Wael Yared, Milind Rajopadhye, Jeffrey D. Peterson
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), a cell surface enzyme involved in tumor cell acidification, is induced during tumor hypoxia (lack of oxygen) in many different types of tumors. CA IX expression is correlated to tumor cell proliferation and metastasis, poor prognosis, and resistance to therapeutic intervention, making CA IX an important biomarker in the study of hypoxia, tumor cell proliferation, and therapy. Therefore, determination of CAIX expression and identification of hypoxic tumors in vivo are critical for cancer research and treatments. We have designed and synthesized a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent agent (VM3219) for in vivo detection and quantification of a cell surface biomarker of hypoxia, CA IX based on a well-known CA IX inhibitor, acetazolamide. VM3219 was characterized extensively in HeLa cells and in mouse HeLa tumor xenografts. Preliminary chemical and biochemical characterization of VM3219 showed excellent CA IX selectivity and affinity. In vitro, VM3219 detected 4-7-fold up-regulation of CA IX in live hypoxic HeLa cells as visualized by fluorescence microscopy and quantified by flow cytometry. VM3219 fluorescence signals were blocked by 80% when cells were pre-incubated with unlabeled acetazolamide. Fluorescent signal of VM3219 was low in normoxic HeLa cells and was comparable to the signal that were detected by using a non-binding control agent (VM3182) incubated with normoxic or hypoxic cells. In vivo imaging by fluorescence molecular tomography (FMTTM) showed that approximately 5% of the injected dose (2 nmol VM3219) was retained in the tumor tissues after 24 h (100 -120 pmol), 10-20-fold more than measured with a non-binding control agent. Tumor fluorescence was blocked &amp;gt;65% by prophylactic acetazolamide treatment. Maintenance of tumor-bearing mice on low oxygen (8%), as compared to normally housed tumor bearing mice (20% oxygen), induced a &amp;gt;2X (∼250 pmol) increase in VM3219 tumor fluorescence signal suggesting that CAIX expression was up-regulated within tumors by low oxygen. In tissue sections, VM3219 signal was shown to be specifically co-localized in the tumor hypoxic regions with CA IX antibody and Hypoxyprobe (pimonidazole), and the signal was away from non-hypoxic regions as determined by Hoechst stain. In conclusion, VM3219 is a new non-invasive tumor hypoxia imaging agent that offers a tool for specific imaging of a biologically important hypoxia biomarker, CA IX. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3949. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3949
Report shows rise in preventable errors during blood transfusion
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

New strategies are needed to reduce the level of error in the UK’s blood transfusion service, says the latest annual report by an independent haemovigilance scheme.1

The 16th annual SHOT (serious hazards of transfusion) report, covering January to December 2012, shows a rise in the number of reports of adverse events and reactions, with more than half the reports concerning preventable errors. The haemovigilance scheme covers 99.5% of NHS trusts and health boards in the United Kingdom. …
Successful Treatment of Recurrent Nephrolithiasis (Calcium Stones) with Cellulose Phosphate
Authors: Charles Y. C. Pak, Catherine S. Delea, Frederic C. Bartter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract Sixteen patients with absorptive hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis ate a low-calcium diet and were given cellulose phosphate (5 g twice to three times per day orally). In all 16 cases urinary calcium decreased, usually to values below 200 mg per day, and in 13 cases, the state of saturation of urine with respect to brushite (the nidus of calcium stones) also decreased, often from supersaturation to undersaturation. Clinically, renal-stone formation virtually ceased. The treatment was well tolerated, and no serious side effects have been observed. Serum concentration of parathyroid hormone and bone density by 125I-photon absorption did not change significantly or remained within the normal range. Thus, in these patients with an enhanced intestinal absorption of calcium, hypercalciuria may be corrected, and stone formation prevented, by a low-calcium diet and inhibition of calcium absorption with cellulose phosphate. (N Engl J Med 290:175–180, 1974)
Propranolol Therapy for Ectopic β-Adrenergic Receptors in Adrenal Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: André Lacroix, Johanne Tremblay, Guy Rousseau, Michel Bouvier, Pavel Hamet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Most patients with corticotropin-independent Cushing's syndrome have an adrenal adenoma or carcinoma,1 but a few have bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Three patients with Cushing's syndrome and corticotropin-independent bilateral adrenal hyperplasia2–4 and two patients with adrenal adenomas5,6 in whom food stimulated cortisol secretion have been described; the abnormal adrenal tissues in these patients aberrantly overexpressed receptors for gastric inhibitory polypeptide.6,7 We describe a patient with Cushing's syndrome and corticotropin-independent bilateral adrenal hyperplasia in whom endogenous catecholamines, acting through an ectopic adrenal β-adrenergic receptor, stimulated cortisol secretion; the hyperadrenocorticism was inhibited by β-blockade. Case Report A 56-year-old man presented with . . .
The ethics of sharing preliminary research findings during public health emergencies: a case study from the 2009 influenza pandemic
Authors: N S Crowcroft, L C Rosella, B N Pakes
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

During the 2009 A(H1N1) influenza pandemic, a suite of studies conducted in Canada showed an unexpected finding, that patients with medically attended laboratory-confirmed pandemic influenza were more likely to have received seasonal influenza vaccination than test-negative control patients. Different bodies, including scientific journals and government scientific advisory committees, reviewed the evidence simultaneously to determine its scientific validity and implications. Decision-making was complicated when the findings made their way into the media. The normal trajectory of non-urgent research includes peer-review publication after which decision-makers can process the information taking into account other evidence and logistic considerations. In the situation that arose, however, the congruence of an unexpected finding and the simultaneous review of the evidence both within and outside the traditional peer-review sphere raised several interesting issues about how to deal with emerging evidence during a public health emergency. These events are used in this article to aid discussion of the complex interrelationship between researchers, public health decision-makers and scientific journals, the trade-offs between sharing information early and maintaining the peer-review quality assurance process, and to emphasise the need for critical reflection on the practical and ethical norms that govern the way in which research is evaluated, published and communicated in public health emergencies.
Elevated FDG Uptake in the Lactating Human Breast
Authors: ANJA DANKERL, HOLGER SCHIRRMEISTER, ANDREAS BUCK, SVEN NORBERT RESKE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

DANKERL, ANJA Dr. Med.; SCHIRRMEISTER, HOLGER Dr. Med.; BUCK, ANDREAS Dr. Med., AND; RESKE, SVEN NORBERT Dr. Med. Author Information
Anemia Treatment in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Tilman B. Drüeke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Anemia develops in most persons with progressive chronic kidney disease. When it becomes severe, the administration of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) is generally required, along with the repletion of iron stores and the correction of other causes of anemia. The introduction of ESAs 30 years ago markedly improved the lives of many patients with chronic kidney disease, who until then had severe, often transfusion-dependent anemia.1 Two types of recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin alfa and epoetin beta) have been available since ESAs first came into use; both types are highly effective but short-acting (approved for dosing three times a week). Subsequently, two . . .
P28 * BRAINSTEM BIOPSY: A SAFE AND ACCURATE DIAGNOSTIC TOOL
Authors: E. Chavredakis, A. R. Brodbelt, D. J. Husband, B. J. Haylock, A. Shenoy, M. D. Jenkinson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Brainstem tumours account for 10-25% of tumours in children and 2% in adults. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for treatment planning and prognosis and despite advances in the development of medical imaging, tissue diagnosis remains the diagnostic gold standard. METHOD: Retrospective study of patients who underwent stereotactic brainstem biopsy between 2001 and 2010. Radiological and tissue diagnosis, surgical morbidity and mortality, and survival time for low and high grade gliomas after biopsy and treatment were recorded. RESULTS: 42 patients were analysed, 28 adults, 14 paediatrics. Main presenting symptoms were diplopia (52.4%) and gait disturbance (38.1%). Procedure-related mortality was 0%, and minor morbidity was 11.9%. Histological diagnosis was obtained in 95.2% of cases as follows: low grade glioma (45.2%), high grade glioma (31.0%), primary CNS lymphoma (7.1%), brainstem infarction (7.1%), metastasis (4.8%) and inconclusive (4.8%). Pre-operative radiological diagnosis was unclear in 25 cases (59.5%), and failed to identify 12 out of 13 (92.3%) high grade gliomas, and 10 out of 19 (52.4%) low grade gliomas. The 2 metastasis in our study were diagnosed pre-operatively whilst lymphomas and infarcts were unclear. The median overall survival for low grade gliomas was 13 and 7 months in adults and children respectively, whilst for high grade gliomas 12 and 6 months for adults and children respectively. CONCLUSION: Brainstem biopsy remains an important diagnostic tool despite the advances in neuro-imaging. It is an accurate and safe procedure that provides tissue diagnosis to guide tumour management as well as tumour biobanking for future research.
Potential Applications of Using 68Ga–Evans Blue PET/CT in the Evaluation of Lymphatic Disorder
Authors: Wei Zhang, Peilin Wu, Fang Li, Guansheng Tong, Xiaoyuan Chen, Zhaohui Zhu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

Potentials of 68Ga-NEB as a PET tracer in the evaluation of a variety of lymphatic drainage disorders were analyzed.68Ga-NEB was injected subcutaneously, and the PET/CT images were acquired in 13 patients with different suspected lymphatic drainage abnormality. The 68Ga-NEB PET/CT findings were compared with Tc-SC lymphoscintigraphy.68Ga-NEB activity could be clearly observed in the lymphatic route on the PET/CT images from all the patients. In 5 (38.5%) of 13 patients tested, 68Ga-NEB PET/CT provided more information than the Tc-SC lymphoscintigraphy.68Ga-NEB PET/CT can be used as an alternative of Tc-SC lymphoscintigraphy in the evaluation of lymphatic disorders, which enables fast results and might be more accurate than the conventional Tc-SC lymphoscintigraphy.