tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SAT0402 Efficacy of Naltrexone in the Treatment of Fibromyalgia: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: S. Abou-Raya, A. Abou-Raya, T. Khadrawi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Fibromyalgia (FM) is a common and potentially debilitating syndrome characterized by chronic and widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and physical and psychological impairment. The aetiology of FM remains unknown however, central nervous system (CNS) dysregulation is believed to play a key role in the pathogenesis of the condition. Naltrexone, a competitive antagonist of opioid receptors, is a potential novel treatment for chronic pain. More recently, naltrexone has been shown to attenuate the production of proinflammatory cytokines and neurotoxic superoxides via suppressive effects on CNS microglia cells. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the efficacy of naltrexone in the treatment of FM. <h3>Methods</h3> Seventy-four consecutive FM patients diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1990 criteria for FM were randomized into 2 groups, the first group(n = 37) received 4.5mg/d of naltrexone and the second group(n = 37) received placebo for 6 months. Patients were excluded from the study if they were taking any opioid analgesic or were pregnant. All subjects underwent a comprehensive clinical examination. Global pain status was assessed separately by the participant and the study physician, who was unaware of the group assignment, with the use of a visual-analogue scale (VAS) (range, 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater pain). The number of tender sites (of 18 sites in total) were also determined according to the standardized protocol. The primary end point was a change in pain. The secondary end point was a change in the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) score (ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms) at the end of 24 weeks. All assessments were repeated at 24 weeks to test the durability of the response. Safety and tolerability were also assessed. <h3>Results</h3> There was a significant reduction in pain in the naltrexone group compared to the placebo group. Mean (±SD) baseline and 24-week VAS scores for the naltrexone group were 65.6± 13.5 and 45.5±14.1, respectively, versus 66.0±13.5 and 55.3±13.9, respectively, for the control group, p&lt;0.001). Of the 37 patients assigned to the naltrexone group, 16 had clinically important improvements in the FIQ total score and quality of life. Mean (±SD) baseline and 24-week FIQ scores for the naltrexone group were 63.7±13.2 and 38.5±16.1, respectively, versus 63.0±13.0 and 57.9±15.6, respectively, for the control group, p&lt;0.001). The drug was well-tolerated with minimal side effects in the form of headache (15% vs 5%) and vivid dreams (33% vs 14%) occurring more often in the naltrexone group. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Naltrexone may be an effective and useful treatment for fibromyalgia. However, long-term larger study population studies are required. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Mood and affect: a semantic confusion
Authors: H Owens, J S Maxmen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

Although semantic clarity is a cornerstone of scientific psychiatry, psychiatrists often use technical words with the false assumption that their meanings are clear. The common use of the terms "mood" and "affect" illustrates this point. The authors attempt to show how unclear definitions of these words have led to confusion and how they could be more clearly understood by careful semantic and phenomenologic analysis.
Association of Chronic Lyme Arthritis with HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR2 Alleles
Authors: Allen C. Steere, Edward Dwyer, Robert Winchester
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

A small percentage of patients infected with Borrelia burgdorferi have chronic Lyme arthritis that does not respond to antibiotic therapy. To learn whether genetically determined variations in the host immune response might account for such outcomes, we determined the immunogenetic profiles of 130 patients with various manifestations of Lyme disease.
Abstract 5308: CD9, CD63 and CD82 tetraspanins expression profile in vulvar carcinomas.
Authors: Katia C. Carvalho, Rafael M. Rocha, Isabela W. Cunha, Fernando A. Soares
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Vulvar carcinomas are approximately 95 % of all vulvar tumors. This cancer presents good prognosis since early diagnosed, and survival depends of inguinal lymphonode commitment, with about 30% of patients presents lymphonode metastasis. The mechanisms involved in biological behavior of vulvar cancer remain unclear and its treatment involves physical mutilation and psychosocial factors of patients. Therefore, identification of features related with this tumors development or genesis can contribute to its knowledge and treatment. The tetraspanins are proteins that are involved in several biological processes including cell proliferation, adhesion, invasion and migration. Their reduction or lack of expression is frequently reported in metastatic and poor prognosis tumors. Our aim was to analyze CD9, CD63 and CD82 tetraspanins expression profile in vulvar carcinoma compared to normal tissue. Methods: All samples were obtained from Pathology Department of Hospital A. C. Camargo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. TMA block was constructed with 150 paraffin-embedded samples and was used in immunohistochemical assay. The tissue sections were incubated with specific antibodies against CD9, CD63 and CD82, following manufacturer's instruction. The slides were evaluated and scored semiquantitatively by assessing the staining intensity in tumor cells and the frequency of positive cells. Results: The Immunohistochemical analysis showed that all tetraspanins were expressed in tumor samples with different intensity and frequency. CD63 were expressed by a higher samples number (90%), with stronger staining both cytoplasm (79%) and nucleus (11%). Lack of CD63 expression was described in metastatic melanomas lesions, while no metastatic lesions shows higher levels of this protein. Seventy five percent of our samples expressed CD9, exclusively on cellular membrane. CD82 showed positive reaction in 45% of the samples with weakly or moderate staining, both nucleus and cytoplasm. The association of the downregulation of CD9 and/or CD82 with a worse prognosis has been shown in breast, cervical, endometrial, esophageal, head and neck, and others carcinomas. Moreover, CD82 is considered to be an important metastasis suppressor. Conclusion: Our preliminary results showed that tetraspanins may have an important role in vulvar carcinomas and CD82/CD63 nuclear expression must be better investigated. Further analyses are ongoing. Citation Format: Katia C. Carvalho, Rafael M. Rocha, Isabela W. Cunha, Fernando A. Soares. CD9, CD63 and CD82 tetraspanins expression profile in vulvar carcinomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5308. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5308
Abstract 2462: Effects of KRASG12D and P53 oncogenes on pancreatic cellular plasticity
Authors: Jeff Chen, Gianmarco Contino, Sushma Gurumurthy, Nabeel Bardeesy
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is fourth most common cause of cancer death in the United States. Improved understanding of the early stages of this cancer could enable interventions at a time where therapies will be most effective. The cells that give rise to PDAC have not been fully defined, although experimental studies have revealed considerable plasticity for different pancreatic cell types to interconvert their cellular identities. Notably, recent studies have shown that a subpopulation of pancreatic centroacinar cells_marked by the expression of Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) -has progenitor-like properties with the potential to give rise to both exocrine and endocrine lineages. Here, we used published protocols (Rovira et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jan 5;107(1):75-800) to isolate ALDH+ centroacinar cells and examined the effect of the common gene mutations found in PDAC on the clonogenic growth of the cells. We found that activating KRAS mutations and p53 inactivation both significantly enhanced the growth of ALDH+ cells as spheroids. These cells represent a potentially powerful tool to elucidate mechanism of transdifferentiation in the pancreas and may help to more fully define how key oncogenic mutations drive PDAC initiation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2462. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2462
The ebb and flow of infection
Authors: D. Thomson
Journal: JAMA (1976)

AT THE beginning of the 18th century the land now occupied by the shopping center of London was quite rural. In it were three or four isolated mansions on the grounds of which game could be shot, while nearby, carts lumbered between hedgerows. Included there was, as Macaulay tells in hisHistory of England,  field not to be passed without shudder by any Londoner of that age. There, as in a place far from the haunts of men, had been dug some years before, when the great plague was raging, a pit into which the dead carts had nightly shot corpses by the score. Sixty years after the Great Plague (1665) this Pest Field was still unbuilt on, being reserved for use as a burial place in the event of a further visitation. But the plague, which had ranged throughout England with periodic exacerbation for more than three centuries
Successful endoscopic dilation of severe bilioenteric strictures with a wire-guided diathermic dilator and short-type single-balloon enteroscope
Authors: Eiji Miyata, Hiroshi Yamauchi, Mitsuhiro Kida, Kosuke Okuwaki, Shiro Miyazawa, Tomohisa Iwai, Wasaburo Koizumi
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Recently, balloon enteroscopy has made possible the use of endoscopic approaches to the surgically reconstructed intestine [1] [2] [3] [4], so that hepaticojejunostomy strictures can be treated endoscopically. We describe the successful endoscopic dilation of a severe hepaticojejunostomy stricture with a wire-guided diathermic dilator (6-Fr, 180-cm Cysto-Gastro-Set; Endo-flex, Voerde, Germany) ([Fig. 1]).
A Comparison of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole plus Nystatin with Gentamicin plus Nystatin in the Prevention of Infections in Acute Leukemia
Authors: James C. Wade, Stephen C. Schimpff, Michael T. Hargadon, Clarence L. Fortner, Viola Mae Young, Peter H. Wiernik
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Fifty-three profoundly granulocytopenic patients with relapsed acute leukemia who were undergoing reinduction chemotherapy were prospectively randomized to receive either trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus nystatin or gentamicin plus nystatin for prevention of infections. The acquisition of new organisms per patient during the total study period was similar in both groups. Thirty-five symptomatic infections (five of which were bacteremias) occurred in patients receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus nystatin, whereas 31 infections (eight bacteremias) occurred in patients receiving gentamicin plus nystatin. Four deaths related to infection occurred in patients taking trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and eight occurred in patients taking gentamicin. We conclude that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus nystatin was approximately as effective as gentamicin plus nystatin for prophylaxis against infection in relapsed acute leukemia. Furthermore, side effects were fewer and compliance was better with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus nystatin.
Spleen rupture complicating upper endoscopy
Authors: F. Jabr, N. Skeik
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

An 81-year-old woman with history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and recent diagnosis of Clostridium difficile colitis, and maintained on oral vancomycin, presented for generalized weakness, persistent nausea, and a long history of difficulty swallowing (food hangs in her chest and does not move down to her stomach). Workup revealed low potassium and white blood cell count of 41 000/mm with lymphocytes predominance. Renal function and liver enzyme levels were within normal. The patient received intravenous fluids and electrolytes replacement. A diagnostic upper endoscopy was done to delineate the cause of the dysphagia, and the findings were tortuous esophagus, slight narrowing of the esophageal sphincter, and an enormous intrathoracic stomach. Most of the stomach except for the antrum was above the diaphragm. The scope was passed through the hiatus entering the antrum. Below the hiatus, there was acute angulation into the antrum and fair maneuverings were required to reach the pylorus and into the duodenum. Biopsies were taken and esophageal sphincter balloon dilatation was done. Shortly after the procedure, the patient became diaphoretic, hypotensive, and tachycardic, requiring fluid resuscitation and vasopressors. She also developed abdominal pain and marked tenderness, predominantly at the right upper quadrant.
Response to 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine in Patients with B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Resistant to Fludarabine
Authors: Gunnar Juliusson, Annika Elmhorn-Rosenborg, Jan Liliemark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Patients with untreated B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia have a high rate of complete remission when given the halogenated nucleoside analogue fludarabine. However, patients in whom the disease has proved refractory to primary treatment have a reduced life expectancy and a dismal outcome.
IMPACT ON READMISSIONS AND MORTALITY OF HEART FAILURE READMISSION INTERVENTION PROGRAM
Authors: Sula Mazimba, Nita Reigle, Timothy Welch, Jamie Kennedy, Bryan Lawlor, James Bergin, Mohammad Abuannadi, Kenneth W. Scully, S. Craig Thomas, Kenneth Bilchick
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
289 THE OVER-EXPRESSION OF ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE INDUCES MITOCHONDRIAL DISFUNCTION AND CELL DEATH IN HepG2 CELL LINE
Authors: C.I. Linares Luna, G. Ferrin, S. Gonzalez-Rubio, P. Aguilar, A. Poyato, M. Rodríguez-Perálvarez, R. Ciria, J.L. Montero, J. Muntané, M. de la Mata
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Abstract IA12: Induction of pluripotency by defined factors
Authors: Shinva Yamanaka
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells were originally generated from mouse and human fibroblasts by the retroviral introduction of Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4. iPS cells are similar to embryonic stem (ES) cells in morphology, proliferation, gene expression, and most importantly, pluripotency. Patient-specific iPS cells provide us with unprecedented opportunities in disease research, drug screening, toxicology, and cell transplantation therapies. Banks of iPS cells from individuals with HLA homozygous alleles may also provide another unprecedented source for regenerative medicine. iPS cells have many variations in comparison to ES cells. In addition to fibroblasts, iPS cells can be generated from various somatic cells, such as hepatic cells, gastric epithelial cells, keratinocytes, neural cells, peripheral blood cells, and cord blood cells. In addition to retroviral transduction, iPS cells can be integration-freely generated by adenoviruses, sendaiviruses, plasmids, transposons, recombinant proteins, and synthetic mRNA. Several chemicals and inhibitors have been shown to enhance iPS cell generation. Some of the original four factors can either be omitted or replaced by other genes or chemicals. Finally, each induction experiment can result in 100 or more independent iPS cell clones. These various iPS cells may vary significantly in regard to each cell's peculiar characteristics, such as the efficacy of in vitro directed differentiation and a propensity to produce tumors. In fact, the origins of iPS cells have a profound effect on their tumorigenicity. It is therefore necessary to determine the best origins, the best induction protocols, and the best methods to evaluate iPS cell clones and subclones for each application of iPS cells. Here, significance of epigenome analyses, including methylome, histone modifications, and imprinting increases as the integration-free method is becoming practical. It is also important to note that an iPS cell clone can be heterogeneous despite the fact that all the cells within the clone are derived from a single progenitor cell. This is because the process requires multiple cell divisions which cannot be completed by the four exogenous factors alone. Additional factors including p53 and Rb pathways are considered to play various roles in achieving full reprogramming. Obtaining a better understanding of the reprogramming mechanisms will therefore facilitate the generation of more uniform iPS cells in the future. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2011 Sep 14-18; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(18 Suppl):Abstract nr IA12.
AB0038 Differential Outcome of B Cell Depletion in Patients with Anca-Associated Vasculitis (AAV) Compared to Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Table 1.
Authors: U. Saunders, P. Willeke, H. Becker, T. Fassbinder, E. Jung, E. Mickholz, B. Schlüter, A.M. Jacobi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> B lymphocytes play a fundamental role in adaptive immune responses against pathogens. However, self-reactive memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells are a hard-to-hit target in patients with autoimmune diseases. Clinical trials with the B cell depleting CD20-antibody rituximab (RTX) revealed mixed results, with a benefit in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or AAV but less consistent results in patients with SLE. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the influence of B cell depletion by RTX on circulating B cells from patients with AAV and SLE. <h3>Methods</h3> Peripheral blood samples of 12 AAV and 9 SLE patients were obtained prior and 8-12 weeks post RTX treatment and B lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by multiparameter flow cytometry. In addition, changes in immunoglobulin, free light chain (FLC), autoantibody, and BAFF serum levels were determined at both time points. <h3>Results</h3> AAV patients displayed a significant depletion of all circulating B cell subsets 2-3 months post RTX. In contrast, 2 SLE patients had still detectable numbers of peripheral CD27<sup>++</sup>CD38<sup>++</sup>HLA-DR<sup>high</sup> plasmablasts, CD27<sup>++</sup>CD38<sup>++</sup>HLA-DR<sup>low</sup> plasma cells and CD27<sup>+</sup>IgD<sup>–</sup> memory B cells 8-12 weeks after the RTX infusions (Table 1). BAFF serum levels increased by 70% in AAV (p&lt;0.03) and 45% in SLE patients. IgA, IgG, FLC, and autoantibody levels declined but did not drop significantly during the first weeks after B cell depletion in both patient groups. However, IgM showed a significant decrease in patients with AAV (p&lt;0.04). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In contrast to patients with SLE, B cell depleting therapy goes along with a significant decline of all B cell subsets in patients with AAV. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2226
Inhibition of erythroid differentiation and induction of megakaryocytic differentiation by thrombopoietin are regulated by two different mechanisms in TPO-dependent UT-7/c-mpl and TF-1/c-mpl cell lines
Authors: F Goncalves, C Lacout, F Féger, K Cohen-Solal, J Guichard, E Cramer, W Vainchenker, D Duménil
Journal: Leukemia (1998)
IMPACT OF A LEARNING CURVE ON COST SAVINGS FROM TRANSRADIAL PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Amit P. Amin, Adnan Chhatriwalla, David Safley, Mouin Abdallah, kevin kennedy, Adam Salisbury, Steven Marso, John Spertus, David Cohen, Dmitri Baklanov
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Does Asthma or Treatment with Theophylline Limit Children's Academic Performance?
Authors: Scott Lindgren, Boris Lokshin, Ann Stromouist, Miles Weinberger, Edward Nassif, Michael McCubbin, Rosemary Frasher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Asthma is a major cause of morbidity in childhood, restricting activity and causing absences from school. Theophylline, although effective in managing chronic asthma, has been reported to cause deficits in cognitive functioning and school performance. We therefore examined the effect of asthma and its treatment on academic achievement in a large, representative population of school-age children; matched sibling controls were used for comparison.
PCR and the Misdiagnosis of Active Tuberculosis
Authors: Abe Macher, Eric Goosby
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: Noordhoek et al. (Dec. 30, 1993, issue)1 have raised serious questions1,2 about the reliability of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical specimens. Nevertheless, commercial clinical laboratories continue to promote many PCR assays, even for use by correctional facilities. After a routine medical evaluation at the time of her entry into a state correctional facility, an asymptomatic 28-year-old woman had a 20-mm reaction to a purified-protein-derivative tuberculin skin test (Mantoux method). Her chest roentgenogram was normal. Three sputum specimens were collected on separate days for mycobacterial laboratory studies. Although . . .
Neonatal Hypoglycemia Studies — Is There a Sweet Story of Success Yet?
Authors: Rebecca Simmons, Charles Stanley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

For over half a century, neonatal hypoglycemia has been a contentious topic.1 Although there is agreement that recurrent severe hypoglycemia causes brain injury, there have been few high-quality studies providing data that inform the management or report the neurodevelopmental outcomes of transient neonatal hypoglycemia. Much of the controversy about neonatal hypoglycemia has focused on the question of number — that is, What glucose level should be used to “define” hypoglycemia in neonates? Because the validity of statistical definitions of neonatal hypoglycemia has been appropriately criticized, an alternative approach has been to evaluate long-term outcomes, such as those in the recent . . .
Abstract ES2-2: DNA Repair and Breast Cancer: Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: DP Silver
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The recognition that BRCA1 and BRCA2 have roles in DNA repair and that defects in either of these genes leads to specific therapeutic vulnerabilities has increased our understanding of why some tumors are susceptible to chemotherapy. Mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 cause defective homologous recombination, one of the fundamental systems for DNA repair. Preclinical modeling, clinical trials, and observations about acquired chemotherapy resistance all suggest strongly that mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 also sensitize tumors to the platinum agents, cisplatinum and carboplatinum, underscoring the important role of homologous recombination in response to these agents. Further, data concerning the increased dependence of cells with defects in another DNA repair system, base excision repair, on homologous recombination has led to the development of PARP inhibitors. These new therapeutic agents exploit this relationship between these DNA repair pathways and underscore the utility of synthetic lethality as a concept in drug development. These insights as they apply to breast cancer therapy will be discussed. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr ES2-2.