tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Esophageal Variceal Sclerotherapy on Hemorrhoids, Anorectal Varices and Portal Colopathy
Authors: S P Misra, V Misra, M Dwivedi
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Endoscopic sclerotherapy (EST) results in an increase in the prevalence of portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG). However, the effects of sclerotherapy on hemorrhoids, anorectal or colonic varices and portal hypertensive colopathy are not known. The aim of this study was to investigate these effects.A total of 39 patients with portal hypertension were studied. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and full-length colonoscopy were carried out before the patients underwent EST for esophageal varices, and after obliteration of the varices following sclerotherapy.The obliteration of esophageal varices by EST did not significantly affect the prevalence of hemorrhoids (32 % before and after), anorectal varices (45% before and after) or portal hypertensive colopathy (60.5 % before and 66 % after, P > 0.05).Obliteration of esophageal varices does not affect the prevalence of hemorrhoids, anorectal varices, or portal hypertensive colopathy.
Commentary: Technique for the Systematic Examination of Colon-Rectum Specimens
Authors: Robert R. Rickert
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Investigation of a possible relationship between asbestos exposure and the development of colon-rectum cancer must consider that recognizable changes in the bowel mucosa may antedate the appearance of clinically apparent carcinoma. It is generally acknowledged that at least some carcinomas of the large bowel arise in a pre-existent benign neoplasm, the so-called adenoma or adenomatous polyp (1). Because of the suspected relationship between benign adenomas and carcinoma, a comparison of population groups should consider not only the presence of clinical carcinoma but also the occurrence of potentially premalignant lesions. These lesions may be small, multiple, and asymptomatic. Collection of data regarding their extent and distribution requires a careful and systematic examination of the mucosa of the large intestine. The technique which I will describe permits a meticulous and systematic gross and microscopic examination of colon-rectum specimens so that both small and large grossly recognizable lesions as well as lesions recognized only microscopically can be studied. This technique has been used for approximately two years in the laboratory of Dr. Oscar Auerbach, Senior Medical Investigator, East Orange (New Jersey) Veteran's Administration Hospital. The technique is based on a method of tissue processing developed by Dr. Guillermo Carrera at the Ochsner Foundation Clinic in New Orleans, Louisiana. We have modified this
Abstract 5233: Abnormal lymphatic drainage and function from vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C overexpressing B16F10 melanoma
Authors: Sunkuk Kwon, Holly Robinson, Grace Wu, Pier-Anne Lachance, Eva Sevick-Muraca
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The lymphatic system provides a major transport route for initial cancer cell dissemination for many cancers. Tumor lymphangiogenesis (i.e., the new formation of tumor-associated lymphatic vessels) is associated with metastatic potential and is an emerging therapeutic target to arrest metastasis. Recent studies show that the major lymphangiogenic growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C induces tumor lymphangiogenesis and enhances tumor spread to the regional lymph nodes (LNs) and distant sites in mouse models of breast cancer and melanoma. Yet despite the important role of lymphatics as a critical pathway for cancer metastasis, relatively little is known about lymphatic function during tumor progression and metastasis, due mainly to the lack of lymphatic imaging approaches. Recently, we have developed in vivo dynamic near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging methods for quantifying propulsive lymph flow. Herein, we employed a dynamic, functional lymphatic imaging technique and longitudinally imaged spatial and temporal changes in lymphatic function and architecture in mice bearing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C overexpressing B16F10 (VEGF-C-B16F10) or mock-transduced B16F10 (mock-B16F10) melanoma tumors. C57BL6 mice were injected with 10ul of indocyanine green (ICG) or FITC-Dextran in the base of the tail and were dynamically imaged for baseline information before implantation of VEGF-C-B16F10 or mock-B16F10 in the hindlimb every three to four days for up to 27 days after inoculation. Our dynamic NIR fluorescence imaging data show that ICG-laden lymph accumulates into a VEGF-C-B16F10 tumor at 3 days post implantation as confirmed with FITC-Dextran leakage from lymphatic vessels; thereafter lymphatic leakage is visualized only in peritumoral lymphatic vessels. Our longitudinal imaging data also show dilated and tortuous lymphatic vessels and reduced or loss of propulsive lymphatic flow in the process of VEGF-C-B16F10 growth. However, mock-B16F10 tumors do not show lymphatic vessel leakage during tumor progression. NIR fluorescence imaging technology can be used to non-invasively and quantitatively detect functional lymphatic changes associated with cancer, which may enable accurate nodal staging of cancer patients and provide new approaches to diagnose and treat cancer metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5233. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5233
Cancer Pain Management Receives Increased Attention
Authors: H. McIntosh
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Cancer Pain Management Receives Increased Attention Get access Hugh McIntosh Hugh McIntosh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 11, 5 June 1991, Pages 748–750, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.11.748 Published: 05 June 1991
SAT0162 Complexes of anti-CRP autoantibodies and CRP-opsonised apoptotic cell remnants form a pro-inflammatory pathogen in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: C. Janko, M. Pauthner, L. Munoz, S. Franz, C. Schorn, A. Sheriff, G. Schett, M. Herrmann
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> An efficient clearance of dying and dead cells is essential to avoid inflammation and autoimmunity. Therefore, a plethora of opsonizing molecules secures silent clearance [1]. Opsonisation with C-reactive protein (CRP) of late apoptotic and necrotic cells serves as backup mechanism for cells which have escaped early clearance mechanisms. In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus a defective clearance leads to the induction of immune responses against several autoantigens and opsonins as CRP [2]. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to analyse the particular contribution of anti-CRP autoantibodies to inflammation in conditions of autoimmunity. <h3>Methods</h3> We analysed several cohorts of patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Anti-phospholipid syndrome from various European autoimmunity centers for the presence of anti-CRP IgG autoantibodies with ELISA. Healthy blood donors and patients with rheumatoid arthritis served as controls. Phagocytosis assays of CRP/anti-CRP sensitized secondary necrotic cells by macrophages were performed and cytokine release analysed to identify contribution of anti-CRP autoantibodies in inflammation. <h3>Results</h3> We confirm the presence of anti-CRP IgG autoantibodies in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Antiphospholipid syndrome. We observed both CRP and anti-CRP autoantibodies bound to the surfaces of secondary necrotic cells and being accessible for phagocytic effector cells. Opsonization with CRP of secondary necrotic cells did neither affect phagocytosis nor the cytokine response profile. However, sensibilisation of CRP-opsonized secondary necrotic cells with anti-CRP IgG provokes a more inflammatory cytokine response. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In conclusion, anti-CRP, CRP and secondary necrotic cells form a ternary pyrogen endowed with strong pro-inflammatory capabilities which are able to maintain and perpetuate chronic inflammation. Anti-CRP-IgG is a further example of the proinflammatory family of anti-opsonine autoantibodies. <h3>References</h3> Ravichandran KS. Beginnings of a good apoptotic meal: the find-me and eat-me signaling pathways. Immunity. 2011, 28;35:445-55. Sjöwall C, Zickert A, Skogh T, Wetterö J, Gunnarsson I. Serum levels of autoantibodies against C-reactive protein correlate with renal disease activity and response to therapy in lupus nephritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11:R188. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract 1179: 15-PGDH inhibits cholangiocarcinogenesis through the induction of TAp63
Authors: Dongdong Lu, Chang Han, Tong Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract NAD+-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) is responsible for the catabolism of prostaglandins in a variety of cell types such as inflammation an dtumorigenesis. In this study we showed that forced overexpression of 15-PGDH in human cholangiocarcinoma cells (CCLP1) suppressed tumor cell growth, invasion and clonogenic formation capacity. In contrast, 15-PGDH knockdown in CCLP1 cells enhanced tumor cell growth, invasion and clonogenic formation. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that 15-PGDH overexpression induced cell cycle arrest at G1/S checkpoint. When implanted into SCID mice, 15-PGDH overexpressed CCLP1 cells formed smaller xenograft tumors, whereas 15-PGDH-depleted cells formed larger xenograft tumors when compared with each of the corresponding controls (p&amp;lt;0.01). In addition, intratumoral injection of an adenoviral vector expressing 15-PGDH (pAd-15-PGDH) significantly inhibited the growth of cholangiocarcinoima in SCID mice. Western blot analysis showed that 15-PGDH induced the expression of TAp63, a key tumor suppressive gene. Furthermore, 15-PGDH induced the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and enhanced the interaction between p53 and pSmad2/3 in CCLP1 cells; the pSmad2/3 and p53 binding complex appeared to play a key role for the induction of TAp63 expression. Taken together, our data suggest that 15-PGDH inhibits cholangiocarcinoma growth and this effect is at least in part through pSmad2/3 and p53-mediated induction of TAp63. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1179. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1179
Occult Primary, Version 3.2014
Authors: David S Ettinger, Charles R Handorf, Mark Agulnik, Daniel W Bowles, Justin M Cates, Mihaela Cristea, Efrat Dotan, Keith D Eaton, Panagiotis M Fidias, David Gierada, G Weldon Gilcrease, Kelly Godby, Renuka Iyer, Renato Lenzi, John Phay, Asif Rashid, Leonard Saltz, Richard B Schwab, Lawrence N Shulman, Jeffrey B Smerage, Marvaretta M Stevenson, Gauri R Varadhachary, Jonathan S Zager, Weining Ken Zhen, Mary Anne Bergman, Deborah A Freedman-Cass
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014)

The NCCN Guidelines for Occult Primary tumors provide recommendations for the evaluation, workup, management, and follow-up of patients with occult primary tumors (cancers of unknown primary). These NCCN Guidelines Insights summarize major discussion points of the 2014 NCCN Occult Primary panel meeting. The panel discussed gene expression profiling (GEP) for the identification of the tissue of origin and concluded that, although GEP has a diagnostic benefit, a clinical benefit has not been demonstrated. The panel recommends against GEP as standard management, although 20% of the panel believes the diagnostic benefit of GEP warrants its routine use. In addition, the panel discussed testing for actionable mutations (eg, ALK) to help guide choice of therapy, but declined to add this recommendation.
908 REAL-WORLD EFFICACY OF BOCEPREVIR IN COMBINATION WITH PEGINTERFERON alfa-2a AND RIBAVIRIN IN TREATMENT-EXPERIENCED PATIENTS: INTERIM ANALYSIS FROM THE GERMAN NON-INTERVENTIONAL PAN STUDY
Authors: U. Spengler, A. Schober, C. John, H.R. Bruch, R. Heyne, C. Antoni, A. Herrmann, E. Schott, H. Steffens, H.-G. Hoerster, D. Hueppe, U. Alshuth, S. Mauss, P. Buggisch
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Abstract 1845: Genetic analyses of MGMT in familial gliomas and colorectal cancer
Authors: Cátia Moutinho, Ignacio Blanco, Ramon Martinez, Manel Esteller
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract DNA repair is an important area of research in cancer biology. The O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) enzyme is one of the key players in this area. When deregulated affects DNA repair capacity and it is involved in cancer formation. In eukaryotes the MGMT enzyme is the first line of defense against the adverse effects of DNA alkyl-lesions that are potent mutagenic and cytotoxic lesions. Evidence for MGMT suppressing cancer susceptibility in humans include the loss of expression by epigenetic silencing in a variety of human cancers, including &amp;gt; 30% of colorectal, brain, lung, lymphoma, head and neck cancers. Moreover, these cancers frequently show higher incidence of G to A transitions mutations in oncogene v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and in the tumour suppressor gene tumour protein p53 (TP53) compared to tumours with normal MGMT expression. A single report has described somatic mutations in MGMT gene. However, there are several reports of individual differences in MGMT activity. A few germline variants affecting this gene have been described, but the functional relevance of these nucleotides changes is unclear. There are many familial colorectal cancers (CCR) and familial gliomas for which it has not been described an associated germline mutation. In order to see if MGMT tumour suppressor gene could be genetically involved on that, we did a germline screening of 78 CCR probands and 8 gliomas probands from familial cases. As control we also did the screening of 80 normal DNAs lymphocytes from healthy volunteers. For that we performed direct sequencing of all MGMT exons. We found polymorphisms (SNPs) already described, where are included the three common non-synonymous SNPs Leu84Phe, Ile143Val and Lys178Arg. The frequency of SNPs in probands lymphocytes was the same as in normal DNA lymphocytes. The study is ongoing and further extensive research is warranted. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1845.
Congenital Hypothyroidism with Impaired Thyroid Response to Thyrotropin
Authors: John B. Stanbury, Pierre Rocmans, Ulrich K. Buhler, Yukio Ochi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

An eight-year-old boy had congenital hypothyroidism and severely retarded development. The thyroid gland was not enlarged, but there was cell hypertrophy of the follicular epithelial elements. Laboratory findings included low serum concentration of protein-bound iodine, high biologically active thyrotropin, normal 131I uptake, no response to thyrotropin either in vivo or in metabolism of glucose by thyroid tissue slices, absence of thyroglobulin from the biopsy and presence in the gland of a dense, insoluble iodoprotein and a light, soluble iodoprotein that was not iodoalbumin. Most of the circulating protein-bound iodine was not soluble in butanol. The hypothesis offered is that the fundamental defect in this gland is an impaired ability to respond to stimulation by thyrotropic hormone in two organ-specific and possibly coupled modes: cell division (growth) and synthesis of thyroglobulin.
Abdominal Red Blood Cell Imaging in an Infant on Total Parenteral Nutrition Because of Colon Agangliosis
Authors: RONALD J. ROSENBERG, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

An infant boy with colonic agangliosis had bowel stomas created and had been kept alive by total parenteral nutrition. An episode of gastrointestinal bleeding occurred at age 7 months and a labeled red blood cell imaging study was performed. An area of blood loss was identified. Also noted was splenomegaly, but without clear delineation of the hepatic blood pool. The detrimental effect of total parenteral nutrition on liver function was noted.
Human platelet MAO in drug-free and medicated schizophrenic patients
Authors: A J Friedhoff, J C Miller, J Weisenfreund
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

The authors compared platelet monoamine oxidase activity in drug-free chronic and acute schizophrenic patients, medicated chronic schizophrenic patients, and normal controls. A significant decrement in MAO activity was found only in medicated chronic schizophrenic patients. The possible mechanism for this finding is discussed.
Hepatic Necrosis Associated with Halothane Anesthesia
Authors: John Lindenbaum, Edgar Leifer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

HALOTHANE, or 2-bromo,2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (Fluothane), was introduced for clinical use as an anesthetic agent in 1956 and has since enjoyed enormous and ever increasing popularity because of its pharmacologic properties and its safety as a nonexplosive agent. An extensive literature on the use of this agent has accumulated and has recently been summarized in a monograph by Sadove and Wallace.1 Varying degrees of hepatic injury, usually mild, and with fatty degeneration as the most commonly reported change, have been noted after prolonged administration of halothane to animals.2 3 4 Several groups of investigators considered hepatic toxicity in man with this agent to be . . .
INTERMACS PROFILES AND MORTALITY AMONG AMBULATORY PATIENTS WITH SYSTOLIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Ayman Samman Tahhan, Jeffrey Hedley, Andrew McCue, Jonathan Bjork, Nisarg Patel, Alanna Morris, Robert Cole, Divya Gupta, J. David Vega, Andrew Smith, Vasiliki Georgiopoulou, Andreas Kalogeropoulos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Cyclophosphamide-Induced Ovarian Failure
Authors: G. L. Warne, K. F. Fairley, J. B. Hobbs, F. I. R. Martin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Twenty-two women receiving cyclophosphamide for either progressive glomerulonephritis (20) or rheumatoid arthritis (two) were studied to define more closely the nature of menstrual abnormalities known to occur with this drug. The patients were studied by assay of urinary estrogens and total gonadotrophins and, when possible, by ovarian biopsy. Seventeen patients had definite or probable ovarian failure after cyclophosphamide. No patient on whom ovarian biopsy was performed showed normal follicular maturation, and ova were seen in only two. One patient judged clinically and biochemically to have ovarian failure regained normal ovarian function 10 months after cessation of cyclophosphamide therapy. (N Engl J Med 289:1159–1162, 1973)
The Clinical Utility of Quantitative Cholescintigraphy: The Significance of Gallbladder Dysfunction
Authors: PETER S. KLIEGER, ROBERT E. O'MARA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Cholelithiasis is a common disorder occurring in over 20 million people in the United States and resulting in approximately 600,000 cholecystectomies annually. Although over 95% of biliary tract disease is caused by gallstones, the vast majority (>80%) of cholelithiasis cases are asymptomatic. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of quantitative cholescintigraphy in detecting symptomatic biliary tract disease and predicting clinical relief after cholecystectomy.Fifty-two patients with clinical symptoms of chronic cholecystitis were evaluated by cholescintigraphy with a gallbladder ejection fraction calculated after the intravenous administration of cholecystokinin. A gallbladder ejection fraction of > or =35% was considered a normal physiologic response. Forty-one of the patients subsequently underwent cholecystectomy, whereas the remaining 11 subjects were diagnosed and treated for non-biliary disorders that did not require cholecystectomies. After clinical follow-up including histopathological gallbladder findings, all subjects' final diagnoses were established and correlated with their quantitative cholescintigram study.Twenty-six of twenty-eight patients who had an abnormal quantitative cholescintigram demonstrated evidence of chronic cholecystitis by histopathologic criteria after cholecystectomy. Furthermore, 27 of these 28 patients (96%) experienced complete relief of their clinical symptoms after surgery.Functional cholescintigraphy is a safe, accurate, and useful test for detecting symptomatic gallbladder disease, and appears reliable in predicting symptomatic relief after cholecystectomy.
For public policies, our evolved psychology is the problem and the solution
Authors: Nicolas Baumard
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract For the authors, evolutionary approaches should rely less on evolutionary psychology, which studies innate fixed capacities, and more on cultural selection, which emphasizes cultural learning and symbolic innovation. However, successful policies do not seem to culturally reengineer people. Rather, they work by tapping into old human instincts (fairness preference, reputation management, resource seeking) to motivate individuals to change their behaviors.