tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Notice of Retraction: Sato Y, et al. Effect of Folate and Mecobalamin on Hip Fractures in Patients With Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.<i>JAMA</i>. 2005;293(9):1082-1088.
Authors: Howard Bauchner, Phil B. Fontanarosa
Journal: JAMA (2016)

In reaffirming our previous Expression of Concern,1 the article “Effect of Folate and Mecobalamin on Hip Fractures in Patients With Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial” by Sato et al2 has been retracted due to acknowledgment of scientific misconduct resulting in concerns regarding data integrity and inappropriate assignment of authorship.
Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: J Wollenweber
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Buserelin T reatment of Advanced Prostatic Carcinoma: Prognostic Factor Analysis
Authors: A. Veronesi, G. Lo Re, V. Dal Bo, S. Foladore, P. Belmonte, B. Ciaccio, S. Franceschi, R. Talamini, S. Monfardini, M. Francini
Journal: European Urology (1992)
Medical Licensure
Authors: Janet M. Torpy, Alison E. Burke, Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2010)

In most countries, doctors must have a license to practice medicine.Licenses are granted after a physician has graduated from an accredited (official) medical school and completed additional training.Background checks, review of medical school grades, and consideration of standardized test scores (such as the Federal Licensing Examination [FLEX] or the National Board of Medical Examiners tests) are all part of the licensing process.In the United States, each state has its own individual licensing board and a doctor must obtain a license for each state in which he or she works.Students become medical doctors (MDs) or doctors of osteopathy (DOs, for osteopathic medical schools) after graduation from medical school, but to become licensed to practice medicine, physicians must complete at least 1 year of post-medical school education and training.The first year of this training is called internship or first-year residency.Most physicians, and any who practice a specialty of medicine, complete a residency.Residencies are several years of further education and training in a specific area of medicine.The September 15, 2010, issue of JAMA is a theme issue about medical education and includes articles about the education and training of physicians.
Urinary lnterleukin-1 a Levels Are Increased by Intravesical Instillation with Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin in Patients with Superficial Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder
Authors: C D Jurincic-Winkler, H Gallati, M Alvarez-Mon, J Sippel, J Carballido, K F Klippel
Journal: European Urology (1995)
OC-106 Activation of the bile acid receptor, farnesoid-x receptor, may reduce ileal inflammatory cytokine expression in an animal model of diet-induced obesity
Authors: RA Speight, A Whitehead, G Patman, JC Mansfield, H Reeves, JA Kirby
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> A high fat (HF)/high sugar (HS), Western diet has been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD.<sup>1</sup>The BA receptor, farnesoid-x receptor (FXR), is central to the crosstalk between the host and its microbiota.<sup>2</sup>FXR has an immuno-modulatory role in the GI tract.<sup>3,4</sup>We hypothesised that disruption to BA signalling, induced by a HF/HS diet associated dysbiosis, is a mechanism linking diet to the development of IBD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HF/HS feeding and FXR agonism on ileal inflammation in a mouse model of obesity. <h3>Method</h3> Animal husbandry was performed under licence from the Home Office (as per ASPA 1986). C3H/He mice (n = 44) were fed standard chow or HF/HS chow (trans-fats, with fructose corn syrup). At 24 weeks, feed was supplemented with an FXR agonist (5 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg of feed) or control. At 42 weeks, body weight and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) weight was recorded and the ileum was dissected. The expression of TNFα, IFNγ and IL-6 was measured by RT-PCR (ΔΔCt method). FXR and its downstream targets, SHP and IBABP, were measured to assay for FXR activity. <i>T-</i>tests, regression analysis and Pearson correlation were calculated using Prism version 6.0e. P values were 2-tailed, a P value of &lt;0.05 was considered significant. <h3>Results</h3> Mice fed a HF/HS diet were significantly heavier, with more VAT than mice on the control diet (mean weight of 49.9 g versus mean weight of 41.6 g, p &lt; 0.01). There was a positive correlation between the amount of VAT and the ileal expression of TNFα and IFNγ (y = 1.32*X p = 0.05, y = 1.24*X p = 0.02 respectively). The FXR agonist significantly increased the expression of IBABP (fold increase of 2.0, p = 0.01). In HF/HS fed mice, supplementation with 1 mg/kg FXR agonist attenuated the increase in ileal expression of all cytokines assayed, although the observed trend failed to reach significance. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Animals fed a western lifestyle diet express more ileal inflammatory cytokine. There is a trend to suggest that supplementation with an FXR agonist reduces diet induced cytokine expression. By mediating dietary risk, FXR may be a potential therapeutic target in IBD, particularly to reduce relapses in patients with known disease. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Ananthakrishnan AN. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;9(6) Swann JR, Want EJ, <i>et al</i>. PNAS 2011;108(1) Vavassori P, Mencarelli A, <i>et al</i>. J Immunol. 2009;183 Gadaleta RM, van Erpecum KJ, <i>et al</i>. Gut 2011;60
Rapid Increase in the Activity of DNA Topoisomerase I, But Not Topoisomerase II, in HL-60 Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells Treated with a Phorbol Diester
Authors: L D Gorsky, S M Cross, M J Morin
Journal: Cancer Communications (1989)

There is significant evidence to suggest that protein kinase C and DNA topoisomerases are functionally linked in signal transduction pathways. Much of this is based on the observation that phosphorylation of topoisomerase II by protein kinase C may lead to its activation in vitro and that inhibitors of topoisomerase II block phorbol diester-induced differentiation in HL-60 cells. In the present study, the activities of the DNA topoisomerases I and II have been quantitated to examine their regulation in phorbol diester-treated HL-60 cells undergoing differentiation. The activity of topoisomerase I increased rapidly after treatment with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA); it increased maximally (150% of control activity) at 3 hr post-treatment and remained elevated for at least 24 hr. Conversely, from the onset of exposure to PMA through 12 hr, there was no measurable alteration in topoisomerase II activity in PMA-treated cells. Moreover, there was a measurable decrease in topoisomerase II activity at the later time points, a result that occurred concomitantly with the loss of proliferative potential in differentiating HL-60 cells. Similar results were obtained when the activities of both enzymes were measured in nuclear extracts. The apparent increase in topoisomerase I activity was not due to an increase in the mass of the enzyme after PMA treatment, as measured by both western blotting and by the formation of camptothecin-dependent, topoisomerase I-DNA complexes. Taken together, these data suggest that the activities of the topoisomerases I and II may have been regulated independently in PMA-treated HL-60 cells, that the activity of topoisomerase II was not increased under conditions in which protein kinase C was activated in vivo, and that an increase in the activity of topoisomerase I may have had a role in the mechanism through which HL-60 cells underwent monocytic maturation in response to phorbol diesters.
Production of Viable Single Ceil Suspensions From Solid Tumors
Authors: Robert E. Madden, Dean Burk
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)

A method is described for utilizing trypsin and DNAase to obtain suspensions of large numbers of single viable cells from a variety of solid tumor sources. Representative yields are reported. The viability index, which was obtained by vital staining, approached 100 percent. Metabolic studies disclosed little or no alteration in respiration and aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis of enzyme-processed cells, whether they were derived from solid tumors or from ascites cells and compared to unprocessed ascites cells. Processed cells derived from solid tumors showed consistently higher metabolic values than tissue slices of the tumor. Testosterone inhibited, and 2,4-dinitrophenol and endotoxin stimulated, certain metabolic parameters in tumor cells where such responses could be expected. The cells from one of two solid tumors tested compared favorably with equal numbers of the same strain ascites cells in ability to form tumors when injected back into mice of the host strain. Few, if any, morphologic differences were seen microscopically between stained cells derived from solid tumors and those from the ascites counterpart. Cells processed from a solid tumor were maintained in continuous tissue culture for 3 months. Time-lapse photography disclosed amoeboid motion. After 6 days in culture, biological virulence comparable to that in freshly derived cells was demonstrated by injection back into mice of the host strain.
P2-121: Coagulation/fibrinolysis activation in advanced non small cell lung cancer: tumor invasion or venothrombotic complication
Authors: Anna Fijalkowska, Elzbieta Wiatr, Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko, Urszula Demkow, Marcin Kurzyna, Jaroslaw Kober, Cezary Czajka, Kazimierz Roszkowski-Sliz, Adam Torbicki
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Bcr-Abl mutations in imatinib-resistant CML and Ph+ALL patients (pts) enrolled in a phase I study of AMN107
Authors: O. Ottmann, K. Bhalla, H. Kantarjian, A. Hochhaus, D. Jones, K. Dawson, K. Rose, L. Alland, M. Dugan, S. Lilleburg, F. Giles
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

6527 Background: AMN107 is a potent, highly selective, aminopyrimidine inhibitor which in vitro is 30-fold more potent than imatinib and active against 32/33 imatinib resistant Bcr-Abl mutations. Methods: The spectrum of mutations in Bcr-Abl was evaluated by direct sequencing of the kinase domain and surrounding regions on samples from pts with imatinib-resistant Ph+ CML or ALL in a phase I study of AMN107 (total daily dose range 50 to 1200 mg administered qd or bid). The template was created by semi-nested PCR using primers in the BCR and ABL regions of the gene. Mutations were correlated with clinical response. Results: Among 119 pts, 86 had both pre and post tx analyses: 39 (45%) had mutations at baseline, of whom 27 (69%) responded. 47 (55%) had no mutation at baseline, of whom 34 (72%) responded. The most common baseline mutations were G250E, E255K/V, E355G, F317L, H396R and M351T. New mutations were found during median follow-up of 112 (6 - 350) days in 37 pts (26 without baseline mutations). New mutations most commonly included F349V, E255K/V, E355G, G250E, M244V and T315I. Of the 37 pts, 30 had evaluations after mutations emerged, and 15 continued to respond for median of 160 (41–351) days. Fourteen mutations not previously reported occurred, 6 at codons with known imatinib resistance mutations resulting in novel amino acid substitutions. Novel mutations in multiple pts and/or multiple timepoints included E344G, F311I, E453K, E459Q and L248L. The T315I mutation was present at baseline in 1 pt who failed to respond and emerged in 4 pts, of whom follow-up was available for 3. Two continued to respond ≥ 80 days after developing the mutation and one progressed when the mutation emerged. Conclusions: AMN107 has clinical activity in pts with Ph+CML/ALL with nonmutated and mutated Bcr-Abl. At AMN107 doses used in this phase I study, new mutations often emerged, but were not a reliable predictor of clinical relapse. [Table: see text]
OP0021 Young Persons with JIA in Transition of Care Show Higher Drop-Out Rates; Results From a Longitudinal Observational Study:
Authors: P. Van Pelt, A. Kruize, R. Dolhain, J. Bijlsma, N. Wulffraat
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Young persons under care for JIA are transferred from a child-oriented to an adult-focused service. Experts opinion suggests that this critical period is associated with increased disease-activity and drop-out. However, clinical studies supporting this hypothesis are lacking <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine whether the process of transition is associated with increased disease-activity and a higher drop-out rate and to identify factors associated with disease activity and drop-out during transition <h3>Methods</h3> After consent, 176 consecutive patients with all subtypes of JIA aged 10-24years, were included in an observational follow-up study of 3 years. Patients were divided into 3 age-classes, according to treatment location; pediatric rheumatology (age-class 1, 10-13yrs); patients in process of transition (age-class 2, 14-17yrs) and patients treated at adult rheumatology (age-class 3, 18-24yrs). Drop-out is defined as non-attending the clinic during the entire third year of the study period. Non-parametric tests are used to determine differences between age-classes <h3>Results</h3> Age-classes did not differ regarding base-line variables of subtype (p=0.14), gender (p=0.42), uveitis (p=0.27), ANA-(p=0.38), RF- (p=0.12) or HLA B27-positivity (p=0.09) and current or past DMARD-use. Age and disease-duration were different as expected (table). Median disease-activity was not different between age-classes both at baseline and after three years (table). Drop-out rate in the entire study group was 20%. Drop-out was significantly higher in patients under transition compared with age-class 1 and 3 (table; p&lt;0.01). Patients who dropped out had significantly lower disease-activity at baseline (JADAS 27, median 1.7, IQR 5.2 vs 4.3, IQR 6.5; p=0,01; and DAS 28 (median 1.5, IQR 1.4 vs 2.3, IQR 1.3; p&lt;0.00), but did not differ regarding subtype (p=0.21), uveitis (p=0.34), ANA- (p=0.58) RF- (p=0.24) and HLA-B27 (p=1.0) <h3>Conclusions</h3> In contrast to what is currently thought, the process of transition is not associated with an increase in disease-activity, however this period carries a risk for drop out especially in patients with low disease-activity <h3>References</h3> Bridging the gap in rheumatology. McDonagh JE, Southwood TR, Ryder CA. Ann Rheum Dis. 2000 Feb;59(2):86-93. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> This study was supported by a grant of the Dutch Arthritis Foundation <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
THU0258 Adverse Effects of Biologics in Rheumatoid Arthritis: are they Different from Spondyloarthritis?
Authors: S. Jradi, I. Mahmoud, O. Saidane, H. Sahli, R. Tekaya, L. Abdelmoula
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> For over 10 years, rheumatologists have TNF inhibitors that revolutionized the treatment of various rheumatic and inflammatory disorders. This biotherapy may in some cases give intercurrent infections sources of stopping treatment and reactivation of rheumatic diseases.The objective of this study is to evaluate these characteristics in patients with Spondyloarthritis (SPA) compared to Rhumatoid Arthritis (RA). <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective analysis of 46 Tunisian SPA and 46 Tunisian RA database. SPA and RA patients initiating an anti-TNF (adalimumab (ADA), etanercept (ETA) or infliximab (INF)) or Riuximab (RTX) were identified and followed forward in time. Baseline demographics included disease duration and pain visual analogical scale evaluations (VAS), DAS28 ESR and BASDAI <h3>Results</h3> The analyzed cohort comprised patients with average age of begining of 25,65 years (82% male) for SPA group and 42,21 years (78% female) for RA group. The average duration of evolution is of 10,63 years for SPA group and 12,65 years for RA group. 11 cases of SPA group had an HLA B27. 41% for SPA group and 86% for RA group were under disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD9s) (whose Methotrexate (n=9, SPA/35, RA), and association of Methotrexate and Salazopyrine (n=1, SPA/ 25, RA). The reason for starting biotherapy was therapy failure (n=39, SPA/ 5, RA) and adverse effects (n=2, SPA/ 40, RA). Biotherapy were as follows: INF (n=22, SPA/ 12, RA), ETA (n=18, SPA/ 14, RA), ADA (n=6, SPA/ 3, RA) and RTX (n=17, RA). Adverse effects were noted in 7 cases for SPA group and 12 for RA group, 4 cases (SPA) and 3 cases (RA) of repeatedly urinary infection, 3 cases (SPA) of reactivation of latent tuberculosis, 1 case (SPA) of liver damage, 5 cases (RA) of allergic reaction, 2 cases (RA) of infection of mild parts,1 case (RA) of septic arthritis, 1 case (SPA) of uveitis and in 1 case (RA) a tumor of the ovary. Clinically significant differences in baseline variables were observed between adverse effects in SPA group compared to RA group for the reactivation of latent tuberculosis (Log-rank p=0.002) and for allergic reaction (log-rank p=0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The most important adverse effect of TNF inhibitors is infection, which is significantly higher than the non-biologic treatment group. A reactivation of latent tuberculosis is twice times more frequent in patients using biotherapy. Paradoxical reactions do occur during anti-TNF treatment mainly in SPA, such as acute uveitis. Although biotherapy has changed the lives of patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatism, it can bring not only an infection risk, but also a neoplastic risk that requires rapid diagnosis. Only the non-melanoma skin cancer has been registered with TNF inhibitors in RA and SPA. A tumor of the ovary was noted in our study. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Spirometry in elderly laryngectomized patients: A feasibility study
Authors: Alessandro Izzo, Fabio Perrotta, Antonio Cennamo, Francesco Saverio Cerqua, Luca Rinaldi, Antonio Mazzella, Edoardo Grella, Carmelindo Tranfa, Andrea Bianco, Francesco Stefanelli, Gennaro Mazzarella
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2016)
Discussion of Leukemia Irradiation Studies
Authors: W.J. Dixon, Emanuel Landau, V. K. Murthy, Alice Stewart
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article Discussion of Leukemia Irradiation Studies Get access W.J. Dixon, W.J. Dixon University of California, Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Emanuel Landau, Emanuel Landau Bureau of Radiological Health, Washington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar V. K. Murthy, V. K. Murthy University of California, University of California Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alice Stewart Alice Stewart Oxford University, Oxford, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 50, Issue 4, April 1973, Pages 1085–1086, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/50.4.1085 Published: 01 April 1973
The pharmacoepidemiology of COPD: Recent advances and methodological discussion
Authors: P Burney, S Suissa, J B Soriano, W M Vollmer, G Viegi, S D Sullivan, L M Fabbri, D D Sin, P Ernst, D Coultas, J Bourbeau, D W Mapel, K Weiss, T McLaughlin, D Price, M C J M Sturkenboom, R Taylor, G W Hagan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

This article reviews the important factors to consider in the design of economic evaluations or cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatments.The relevant costs associated with COPD can be divided into direct (direct medical and direct nonmedical) and indirect (programme and productivity) costs.The differences between the human-capital and friction-cost approaches to evaluate the impact of productivity loss are discussed.Since the primary cost-driver for COPD is hospital care for exacerbations, this may be the major outcome measure of interest in COPD economic evaluation studies.Robust CEA evaluations that take into account all of these factors will aid decisionmakers in evaluating COPD therapies.Possible sources of bias in observational studies of the effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids in COPD S. Suissa SummaryThe possible sources of bias that can arise from observational studies using computerised claims databases are discussed.The four classes of bias are selection (asthma versus chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and confounding (indication, age, duration and severity of disease), choice of outcome (morbidity or mortality), timing of the drug exposure (i.e.cohort or case-control design), or time-related issues (incident or prevalent cohort and immortal time concerns).
Mono-arginine Cholesterol-based Small Lipid Nanoparticles as a Systemic siRNA Delivery Platform for Effective Cancer Therapy
Authors: Jinju Lee, Phei Er Saw, Vipul Gujrati, Yonghyun Lee, Hyungjun Kim, Sukmo Kang, Minsuk Choi, Jae-Il Kim, Sangyong Jon
Journal: Theranostics (2015)

Although efforts have been made to develop a platform carrier for the delivery of RNAi therapeutics, systemic delivery of siRNA has shown only limited success in cancer therapy.Cationic lipid-based nanoparticles have been widely used for this purpose, but their toxicity and undesired liver uptake after systemic injection owing to their cationic surfaces have hampered further clinical translation.This study describes the development of neutral, small lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs) made of a nontoxic cationic cholesterol derivative, as a suitable carrier of systemic siRNA to treat cancers.The cationic cholesterol derivative, mono arginine-cholesterol (MA-Chol), was synthesized by directly attaching an arginine moiety to cholesterol via a cleavable ester bond.siR-NA-loaded SLNPs (siRNA@SLNPs) were prepared using MA-Chol and a neutral helper lipid, dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), as major components and a small amount of PEGylated phospholipid mixed with siRNA.The resulting nanoparticles were less than ~50 nm in diameter with neutral zeta potential and much lower toxicity than typical cationic cholesterol (DC-Chol)-based lipid nanoparticles.SLNPs loaded with siRNA against kinesin spindle protein (siKSP@SLNPs) exhibited a high level of target gene knockdown in various cancer cell lines, as shown by measurement of KSP mRNA and cell death assays.Furthermore, systemic injection of siKSP@SLNPs into prostate tumor-bearing mice resulted in preferential accumulation of the delivered siRNA at the tumor site and significant inhibition of tumor growth, with little apparent toxicity, as shown by body weight measurements.These results suggest that these SLNPs may provide a systemic delivery platform for RNAi-based cancer therapy.
Response to a suspected case of diphtheria in Dordrecht, the Netherlands
Authors: J. E. van Steenbergen, A Leentvaar-Kuijpers, J H C T van den Kerkhof
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1996)

About 50 of the refugees in Dordrecht are from the Newly Independent States (NIS) of the former USSR, where diphtheria is rife. Cases have arisen in western Europe through contact with cases from the NIS. No NIS-related cases of diphtheria have been seen