tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tactile breast imaging to increase the sensitivity of breast examination
Authors: T. J. Kearney, S. Airapetian, A. Sarvazyan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

1037 Background: Most breast cancers in the US are detected by palpation. We evaluated a Tactile Breast Imager (TBI) in the detection of breast nodules in phantoms. The TBI is a hand-held electronic palpation device developed at Artann Laboratories that translates tissue elastic properties into a digital 3-D map of the tissue. Methods: Ten breast phantoms in various sizes containing a total of 36 solid nodules were constructed out of a specially designed silicon compound with elasticity moduli typical for breast tissues. The nodules varied in size from 6 to 30 mm. The depth of placement varied from 10 to 50 mm. Eight of the phantoms contained 4 to 5 nodules. Two phantoms contained no nodules. The breast phantoms were manually examined for nodules. Then the examiner repeated the examination with the device after about 30 minutes training with the TBI. Examiners included skilled medical professionals (3 surgical oncologist, 3 advanced practice nurses) and unskilled lay persons (3 secretaries and 4 engineers). The four engineers were additionally trained in four additional sessions and repeated the phantom exams. The ability to detect the nodules with and without the TBI by skilled and unskilled examiners was compared. The effect of repeat training was also evaluated. Results: Results of the study are summarized in the table: Conclusion: The use of the tactile breast imager increases the sensitivity of breast palpation when used by lay persons in breast models. The sensitivity increases to the level exceeding that of a trained medical professional, particularly with training. The TBI has the potential to increase the detection of palpable breast models if the phantom findings can be duplicated in vivo. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Artann Laboratories Artann Laboratories Artann Laboratories
Cells Yield Secrets of Growth and Death
Authors: Tom Reynolds
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Cells Yield Secrets of Growth and Death Get access Tom Reynolds Tom Reynolds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 24, 16 December 1992, Pages 1854–1855, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.24.1854 Published: 16 December 1992
Vocal cord paralysis due to self-expandable metal stent in the proximal esophagus
Authors: Tom Moreels, Heiko De Schepper, Elisabeth Macken, Guy Hubens, Paul Pelckmans
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

A 56-year-old man was referred for endoscopic treatment of benign postoperative stenosis of an esophagogastric anastomosis with a proximal fistula to the neck. He had previously undergone chemo- and radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the proximal esophagus. Because of recurrent malignancy, esophageal resection with tubular gastric reconstruction was performed. Postoperative dysphagia and cutaneous fistula to the neck occurred. Endoscopic examination revealed pinpoint stenosis at 2 cm distal to the upper esophageal sphincter with a fistula below the sphincter ([Fig. 1]).
EG-12 * NOVEL CHROMATIN REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF ESCO2 IN CANCER AND NEURAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: N. Rockwell, A. Weech, J. Terry, T. E. Van Meter, J. Lister, A. Khan
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

ESCO2 has a well characterized role in the stabilization of the cohesin ring through its acetyltransferase activity. Quantitative PCR studies comparing RNA from tissue collected from ependymoma biopsies and tissue from non-tumor brain, show an increased level of ESCO2 transcription in ependymoma. High levels of ESCO2 protein expression in ependymoma tissue samples were confirmed via immunostaining and confocal microscopy. ESCO2 expression ordinarily peaks during mitosis in order to stabilize the cohesin ring, and is reported to increase the rate of replication. However, some ESCO2 expressing cells are not mitotic in these tumors. Because of the detrimental effects of deletion of ESCO2 on neural development and its high expression in ependymoma, a type of tumor that exhibits many characteristics of primitive neural cells, the current study sought to investigate the broader role of ESCO2 in primitive neural cells. Studies carried out in Zebrafish were performed to explore the possibility of an additional role for ESCO2 as a regulator of neural development. QPCR on Zebrafish embryos at developmental timepoints indicated that ESCO2 expression was highest 48 hours post-fertilization, and then declined thereafter. Confocal microscopy on transgenic NeuroD-EGFP embryos at 24-96 hpf confirmed that the proportion of ESCO2 positive brain cells decreases by 96 hpf, that non-mitotic ESCO2 expressing cells decline, and that 48 hpf appear to display a unique pattern of ESCO2 staining associated with the 4th ventricle. Using FACS and subsequent chromatin immunoprecipitation studies, Esco2- bound chromatin was isolated from NT2 neural progenitor cells and NeuroD-EGFP+ transgenic zebrafish, and utilized to identify novel sites of Esco2 regulation. The data obtained suggests an additional layer of neural regulatory activity that may be unrelated to the reported SMC3 acetyltransferase activity of ESCO2, and that could play a role in neural pathologies such as cancer. Esco2 may be a novel therapeutic target for ependymoma.
Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Women through Diet and Lifestyle
Authors: Meir J. Stampfer, Frank B. Hu, JoAnn E. Manson, Eric B. Rimm, Walter C. Willett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Many lifestyle-related risk factors for coronary heart disease have been identified, but little is known about their effect on the risk of disease when they are considered together.
Abstract 3446: Induction of colonic aberrant crypts in mice by an apparent N-nitroso compound fraction derived from hot dogs
Authors: Michael E. Davis, Michal P. Lisowyj, James L. Wisecarver, James M. Gulizia, Sidney S. Mirvish
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Nitrite-preserved meat products, e.g., hot dogs, may be a cause of colon cancer. This may occur because such products contain a possibly carcinogenic fraction called “total apparent N-nitroso compounds” (ANC). Feeding such products to humans and mice increased the fecal excretion of ANC. We tested here whether hot-dog-derived ANC could induce colonic aberrant crypts (ABC), a precursor lesion for colon cancer, in mice. Methods: We purified the ANC precursor (ANCP) fraction of commercial hot hogs by adsorption-desorption on silica gel and cation exchange resin, and treated the ANCP with nitrite to convert them to ANC. As a positive control group, adult female A/J mice were given 1 or 3 i.p. injections of 5 mg/kg of azoxymethane (AOM) [Experiment (Exp.) 1]. In Exps. 2 and 3, similar mice were continuously fed the purified hot dog ANC (initial dose, 100 nmol/g diet) in a high-fat or “high-fat stress” diet. In Exp. 2 the ANC dose initially dropped sharply, probably because the ANCP was unstable on thawing, but later in Exp 2 and throughout Exp 3 the ANCP level was stable and was maintained at 100 nmol/g diet. The mice were killed after 8 (for AOM tests) or 24-34 (for ANC tests) weeks of treatment. Feces of the ANC-treated mice contained up to 225 nmol ANC/g, indicating that the ANC reached the colon. The distal 2 cm of each colon was stained with methylne blue, the mucosal surfaces were scanned at 400 x magnification, and ABC were identified and counted. Results: Mean numbers of ANC/colon for 1 and 3 AOM injections, AOM controls, ANC (Exp 2), ANC (Exp. 3) and ANC controls were 28, 76, 14, 20, 14 and 5-8. Standard deviations were &amp;lt;50% of mean values. The effect of ANC was significant by the rank order test (P &amp;lt; 0.01) for both Exps. 2 and 3. Potency of ABC induction per mole ANC was 1.7% (Exp. 2) and 0.4% (Exp. 3) of that for AOM in Exp. 1. In Exp. 3 we noted that the ABC occurred as foci with 1-4 ABC/focus and a mean of 6.8 foci/colon. ANC treatment did not affect the number of foci. Conclusions: Hot-dog-derived ANC induced a significant number of ABC in the mouse colon, but the effect was relatively weak. These results provide a direct link between ANC in a nitrite-preserved meat product and effects in the colon. Partly supported by NIH grant RO1 CA-143460-01. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3446.
Abstract P2-21-01: The Potential Utility of Curcumin and/or Herceptin in the Treatment of HER-2 Overexpressed Breast Cancer — An <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Comparison Study
Authors: H-W Lai, S-J Kuo, S-T Chen, D-R. Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Despite the success of herceptin, a significant proportion of HER-2 positive breast cancer patients responded poorly to the treatment. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), derived from Curcuma longa L., can inhibit the formation of tumors, induce apoptosis, and act on a variety of signal transduction pathways. We have hypothesized that the property of curcumin to downregulate EGFR, HER-2 oncoprotein, and signal transduction pathway of PI3K/Akt, and MAPK may be used in the treatment of HER-2 over expressed breast cancer. In this preliminary study, we showed curcumin decrease the viability of various breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDAMB-231, MCF-10A, BT-474 and SKBr-3(herceptin resistant, hr)). The combination of curcumin did not interfere with the action of herceptin. The herceptin sensitive BT-474 and herceptin resistant SKBr-3(hr) were all sensitive to curcumin treatment. In western blot analysis, the phosphorylation of HER-2, Akt, MAPK were reduced in BT-474 cells when treated with herceptin. In SKBr-3(hr) cells, the addition of herceptin did not downregulate the phosphorylation of HER-2, Akt, and MAPK. When treated with curcumin, the phosphorylation of HER-2, Akt, and MAPK of SKBr-3(hr) were decreased combined with the downregulation of HER-2 oncoprotein in a dose and time dependent manner. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-21-01.
FACTORES PREDICTORES DE DISPLASIA DE ALTO GRADO (DAG) Y ADENOCARCINOMA (AC) EN LESIONES COLORRECTALES DE GRAN TAMAÑO
Authors: J Rodríguez Sánchez, T Luque Núñez, MT Martínez Torres, F Luna Hita, M Salas Cabañas, P Reales Figueroa
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Introducción: La resección endoscópica mucosa (REM) ha demostrado ser un tratamiento efectivo para lesiones colorrectales ≥2 cm. La detección de DAG o AC es de vital importancia ya que puede modificar la actitud terapéutica y los intervalos de seguimiento. Predictores de DAG o AC han sido de escasamente evaluados. Objetivo: Analizar posibles factores predictores de DAG y AC en los especímenes de REM. Material y Método: Análisis prospectivo y observacional de 31 REMs de lesiones ≥2 cm mediante técnica de lift-cut en el periodo de un año (junio2012-junio2013). Previo a la resección se realizó cromoendoscopia con indigocarmín al 0,5% y alta definición (CF-H180AL, procesador Exera II, Olympus). Como posibles factores se analizaron: edad, sexo, localización, consumo de AINEs, tamaño, Kudo's pit pattern, Non lifting sign, confluencia de pliegues). Para ello se construyó un modelo de regresión logística binaria, expresando los resultados mediante OR con IC al 95%. Resultados: 31 REMs (54,8% mujeres; 66,16 años de edad). La edad media, el género, porcentaje de lesiones en colon derecho, Historia de consumo de AINEs fue similar en ambos grupos (DAG/AC y No DAG/AC). Tamaño fue mayor en grupo DAG/AC (45,33 mm vs.26,56 mm;p = 0,006), así como el porcentaje de Kudo IV o superior (100% vs. 31,33%; p < 0,001), % confluencia de pliegues (26,7% vs. 0%; p = 0,02). Sin embargo, el % de “Non Liftting sign” no alcanzó la significación estadística (20% vs. 0%; p = 0,06). En el análisis multivariante, el tamaño fue el único factor predictor de DAG/AC estadísticamente significativo (OR = 1,19; p = 0,015. IC95% (1,03 – 1,38)).
THU0270 The Effect of Hydroxychloroquine to the Lipid Profile of Greek Patients with Sjogren’s Syndrome
Authors: A. A. Drosos, M. Migkos, T. E. Markatseli, C. Iliou, P. V. Voulgari
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a widely used medicine in the treatment of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Many scientific studies have highlighted its hypolipidemic effect. We investigated the effect of HCQ to the lipid profile of patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS). <h3>Methods</h3> The current retrospective observational study included 71 female patients diagnosed with SS based on the American European Consensus Criteria, who were treated with HCQ. This drug was given in SS patients for arthralgias or arthritis, as well as to treat sicca symptoms. The patients were tested for lipid profile, more specific, the levels of total cholesterol (CHOL), high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), triglycerides (TGL) and atherogenic index before the beginning of treatment with HCQ and 6 months, 1, 3 and 5 years after the treatment with HCQ. The analysis was made for all patients and individually for those who were getting hypolipidemic treatment (21 patients) or not (50 patients). <h3>Results</h3> All patients were women with average age 64±11 years and average duration of treatment with HCQ 7.2±3.6 years. For all patients was noted statistically significant decrease of total cholesterol (levels before treatment 217±40 and after 5 years 206±32, p=0.006). A statistically significant difference was observed to the levels of HDL (57±14 vs 67±17, p&lt;0.001) and also important was the reduction of the levels of atherogenic index (4.0±1.3 vs 3,3±0,9, p&lt;0.001). Patients who were not getting hypolipidemic treatment showed statistically significant changes during the same time: decrease of total cholesterol (214±40 vs 208±34, p=0.049), increase of the levels of HDL (55±15 vs 60±13, p=0.006) and decrease of the levels of atherogenic index (4.0±1.4 vs 3.3±0.9, p&lt;0.001). In addition, the changes to the lipid profile of patients who were getting hypolipidemic treatment at the same time with HCQ, were not statistically significant for CHOL levels (227±39 vs 203±27, p=0.109), atherogenic index (4.0±0.9 vs 3.2±0.9, p=0.013) and HDL levels (58±12 to 68±17, p=0.011). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The use of HCQ to this particular group of patients with SS, is related to a statistically significant decrease of total cholesterol, increase of HDL and improvement of atherogenic index. Taking under consideration the high safety profile and the low cost of the drug, HCQ can be used to patients with SS and coexisting dyslipidemia. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract LB-122: Single copy detection of KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer tissue and blood by qPCR using primers with enhanced analytical selectivity
Authors: Sergey Chupreta, Vanessa Kelchner, Laurie Kurihara, Vladimir Makarov
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The development of highly sensitive genotyping assays that are suitable for clinical diagnostics opens new opportunities for the detection, assessment and management of cancer. Anticipated uses for these assays include profiling tissue biopsies and circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and detecting mutations in circulating cell-free nucleic acids. Swift Biosciences has developed myT™ Primers which have unique thermodynamic properties that make them highly sensitive to mismatch discrimination. myT™ Primer qPCR assays have been developed for the seven most frequent KRAS mutations in codons 12 and 13. These assays demonstrated single copy sensitivity for all seven KRAS mutations when used to genotype formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) specimens from Stage III colorectal tumors. When compared to a leading commercially available KRAS qPCR mutation test kit, myT™ Primer KRAS assays demonstrated several orders of improved specificity. A myT™ Primer assay was also developed for BRAF V600E/K mutations; results from FFPE melanoma specimens indicate high sensitivity and specificity. As a proof of concept for CTC detection, limiting dilutions of cells harboring the KRAS G12V mutation were added to whole human blood. Single copy detection of G12V was observed from an equivalent of a few microliters of blood. Because CTCs and cell-free cancer DNA can exist in blood at extremely low frequencies, we tested assay performance at even lower target concentrations. Mutant KRAS plasmid templates were titrated with wt KRAS plasmids such that the total KRAS copy number was 1×108. Under these conditions, the G12V-specific assay was able to detect the presence of ten mutant templates per 100 million (108) wt templates. The extreme selectivity of the myT™ Primer assays may make them especially useful for detection of mutations present at extremely low copy number and for genotyping difficult samples such as needle biopsies, CTCs and serum. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-122. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-122
Specificity of the DST and the TRH test for major depression in alcoholics
Authors: C A Dackis, J Bailey, A L Pottash, R F Stuckey, I L Extein, M S Gold
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

The authors examined dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test results in 32 chronic alcoholics without depression or hepatic disease to see if alcoholism alone might lead to positive test results. After 3 weeks of sobriety there were no DST abnormalities, but blunted TRH test results were observed in eight of the 32 alcoholics. More of the 15 patients also tested during alcohol withdrawal than of the 20 normal subjects or the 32 alcoholics without alcohol withdrawal had DST and TRH test abnormalities. When performed after 3 weeks of sobriety, the DST but not the TRH test has potential as a specific laboratory adjunct in the diagnosis of depression in alcoholics.
Molecular Analysis of the T(14;18) Chromosomal Translocation in Malignant Lymphomas
Authors: Lawrence M. Weiss, Roger A. Warnke, Jeffrey Sklar, Michael L. Cleary
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

One of the most common karyotypic abnormalities is the t(14;18) translocation, which is found in many lymphomas that have a characteristic follicular morphology. Recent molecular studies have shown that this chromosomal translocation results in the juxtaposition of the candidate proto-oncogene bcl-2 (B-cell leukemia–lymphoma) on chromosome 18 with the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus on chromosome 14. However, because performing accurate cytogenetic studies in solid hematolymphoid neoplasms is difficult, knowledge of the prevalence of the t(14;18) translocation and, by association, the extent of bcl-2 involvement in human lymphomas is limited. We used a number of chromosome-18 DNA probes to analyze various subtypes of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and test for structural abnormalities near or within the bcl-2 gene. Molecular features of the t(14;18) translocation were found in virtually all follicular neoplasms and about 28 percent of diffuse large-cell lymphomas. No changes in bcl-2 were found in several other subtypes of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, including those previously suggested to originate from follicular-center cells and those about which cytogenetic data have been difficult to obtain. Our findings suggest a close pathogenetic relation between bcl-2 and a large group of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, both with and without a follicular morphology. The methods employed in this study may be useful in improving the accuracy of diagnosis and subclassification of malignant lymphomas. (N Engl J Med 1987; 317:1185–9.)
ABLACIÓN DE QUISTES PANCREÁTICOS MUCINOSOS (QPM) MEDIANTE INYECCIÓN DE ETANOL Y PACLITAXEL GUIADA POR ECOENDOSCOPIA: RESULTADOS PRELIMINARES
Authors: C De La Serna Higuera, I Peñas, P Díez Redondo, L Mata, H Núñez, R Ruiz-Zorrilla, M Pérez-Miranda
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Introducción: El manejo de los quistes pancreáticos (QP) no está bien establecido. Los quistes mucinosos (QPM) presentan un riesgo elevado de malignización y hacen preciso el seguimiento estrecho o la resección quirúrgica. La inyección intraquística de etanol ± paclitaxel por ecoendoscopia (USE-EP) puede constituir una alternativa mínimamente invasiva en estos pacientes. Objetivo: Evaluar eficacia, seguridad y resultados de la USE-EP en pacientes con QPM de detección casual no quirúrgicos. Material y Método: Entre Junio 2011/Febrero 2013 se incluyeron prospectivamente 5 pacientes diagnosticados de QPM mediante TC-RMN y USE-PAAF. Se consideró QPM cuando el material aspirado reunía ≥2 de los siguientes criterios: aspecto mucoide, PAS o diastasa +, CEA ≥200. Tratamiento quirúrgico descartado por edad o comorbilidades. Se empleó paclitaxel como “uso compasivo”, firmandose consentimiento específico. Edad media: 70.6 años Ø quístico promedio: 25.6 mm. Se realizó profilaxis con ciprofloxacino 400 mg iv, PAAF 19G/22G con aspiración del contenido, lavados con alcohol absolutoy paclitaxel, 6 mg/ml (3 m al 50%), programandose control USE en 3 meses para valorar nuevas sesiones de tratamiento. La resolución del QPM siempre se confirmó mediante una segunda técnica (TC o RMN). Resultados: Se realizaron un promedio de 1.8 sesiones, con seguimiento medio de 11.8 meses (Tabla 1). Resolución total: 3/5 casos (60%). En un caso se consiguió respuesta parcial (disminución del diámetro ≥50%) tras una sola sesión, suspendiendose el tratamiento por pancreatitis aguda. Complicaciones: 3/5 pacientes (60%): 2 graves (hemosuccus y pancreatitis aguda severa) con evolución final favorable. Conclusiones: La ablación de QPM mediante USE-EP, puede constituir una técnica eficaz en pacientes no quirurgicos. Sin embargo, la elevada morbilidad hace precisa una minuciosa selección de pacientes y estudios complementarios que confirmen la viabilidad de la técnica