tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anthony David Barnes
Authors: John Buckels, Malcolm Simms
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Anthony David Barnes (“Tony”) was in the vanguard of renal transplantation in the UK and made major contributions to the establishment of the specialty. As a teenager during the second world war he was evacuated to the East Grinstead area, where burnt airmen were benefiting from pioneering plastic surgery. This influenced his choice of the genetics of skin allograft rejection for a BSc project during his medical undergraduate training in Birmingham. After graduating he studied allograft rejection at East Grinstead with Sir Peter Medawar, encouraged by Sir Solly Zuckerman, professor of anatomy in Birmingham. Both encouraged a scientific career, but Tony was committed to surgical training and progressed rapidly …
Predicting pulmonary metastases among patients with indeterminate pulmonary nodules with renal cell carcinoma.
Authors: Mehrad Adibi, Patrick Kenney, Arun Z. Thomas, Catherine E Devine, Jose A. Karam, Christopher G. Wood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

505 Background: Indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPN) are of uncertain significance in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. We sought to determine the natural history of IPN in patients undergoing radical nephrectomy and to identify clinical variables associated with the development of lung metastases. Methods: We reviewed all radical nephrectomy patients at a single institution from 2005 – 2009 who had ≥1 IPN on chest computed tomography (CT) within 6 months prior to surgery and no evidence of distant metastates. All chest CTs were re-reviewed by a radiologist who was blinded to outcomes to independently determine number, size, location of nodules and whether the IPN appeared concerning for metastases based on nodule size, tissue density, and morphology. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression was used to assess associated predictive factors. Results: Of 258 patients with IPN, 73 (28%) developed pulmonary metastases. Median follow−up was similar in the groups at 36 months. Patients who developed pulmonary metastases had significantly poorer survival compared to those who did not (3-year DSS 54.5 versus 86.5 months, p&lt;0.001), and 39 (53%) developed pulmonary metastases at the same location as the largest IPN. On univariate analysis, larger renal tumor diameter (HR 1.12, p&lt;0.001), number of pulmonary nodules CT (HR 1.12, p 0.001), presence of hilar lymphadenopathy on chest CT were associated with both lung metastasis development and cancer-specific mortality. After adjusting for age, performance status, comorbidities, histology, and smoking status, higher tumor grade (HR 5.11, p 0.007), presence of tumor thrombus above the diaphragm (HR 4.38, p 0.013), perinephric (HR 4.29, p 0.002) or renal sinus (HR 2.16, p 0.045) fat invasion, and a chest CT concerning for metastasis by the radiologist (HR 2.91, p&lt;0.001) were associated with development of pulmonary metastases. Conclusions: RCC patients with IPN who develop pulmonary metastases have a significantly poorer outcome. Independent predictors of developing lung metastases include tumor grade, presence of tumor thrombus above the diaphragm, perinephric or renal sinus fat invasion, and a chest CT concerning for metastasis.
The Histopathological Sequence in Viral Carcinogenesis in the Hamster Kidney&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A. W. Ham, E. A. McCulloch, A. A. Axelrad, L. Siminovitch, A. F. Howatson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1960)

The histogenesis of a very rapidly developing kidney tumor of hamsters was investigated by studying sections of the kidneys of hamsters killed on successive days after they received virus. A distinctive lesion was seen at 4 days; this developed in and was confined to mesenchymal cells that were sufficiently undifferentiated or embryonal to serve as precursors of both the medullary stroma and the musculature of the walls of arteries and veins of the arcuate system that were still developing. The lesion was manifested by extensive and simultaneous proliferative and degenerative changes in these cells. By 6 days intranuclear inclusion bodies were apparent. Subsequently the degenerative response to the virus became decreasingly obvious, but since the proliferative response continued, the histological picture changed from one characteristic of a virus infection to one typical of neoplasia. There was no evidence to suggest that the neoplasia represented anything but a continuance of the proliferative response that began before the 4th day in a multitude of cells distributed widely throughout the kidney. The similarity of the two types of responses elicited in stromal cells to those observed in lysogenic systems of bacteria, where a virus may either destroy its host cell or change its genetic nature, is pointed out, and the significance of the type of cell that became infected, and the speed with which this occurred, to the problem of why the newborn animal should be peculiarly susceptible to tumor virus, is discussed.
Sex differences in the impact of work on physical and psychological health
Authors: L T Zappert, H M Weinstein
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

This study examines the different impact of work on the physical and psychological health of women and men: how men and women in business and managerial professions perceive the pressures of their work environments and what the consequences (e.g., depression, anxiety, somatic complaints, and drug and alcohol abuse) of these stresses are for the individual. The results indicate significant differences between the working men and women studied in job tension, coping strain, role conflict, and health status but not in styles of coping.
Beta-blockers in patients with cirrhosis and ascites: type of beta-blocker matters
Authors: Basile Njei, Thomas R McCarty, Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao
Journal: Gut (2016)

Letter to the Editor:

We read with great interest the article by Leithead et al ,1 which showed that non-selective beta-blocker (NSBB) therapy was found to be beneficial for patients with ascites, and associated with reduced waitlist deaths even in those with refractory ascites. The study by Serste et al 2 was the first to suggest that NSBB therapy is associated with an increased mortality in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites. This led to the NSBB ‘therapeutic window’ hypothesis that claimed that the window would close once a patient developed refractory ascites.3 However, the issue remains controversial as subsequent publications have shown disparate results. In a recent study by Bossen et al ,4 which compiled data from three randomised …
The Scent of Dandelion
Authors: Patricia J. Wentzel
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hydroxyurea Derivatives: Acetoxyoxamide&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Glen R. Gale
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

Acetoxyoxamide (AOA), a derivative of hydroxyurea, was shown to inhibit the growth of a number of gram-negative bacteria; inhibition of growth was accompanied by extreme elongation of individual cells, characteristic of unbalanced growth. Analyses of nucleic acids and protein in Escherichia coli grown in the presence of low concentrations of AOA revealed a moderate reduction of the DNA/protein ratio, a more marked reduction of the DNA/RNA ratio, and an increase of the RNA/protein ratio. DNA synthesis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was inhibited by AOA, and the onset of inhibition was time-dependent and first order in character. Only nominal effects were found on RNA and protein synthesis. An enzyme in liver slices and in ascites tumor cells apparently hydrolyzed AOA to oxamyl hydroxamic acid (OHA). No such enzyme was found in erythrocytes or in serum. It was concluded that the selective action of AOA on DNA synthesis depended on its hydrolysis to OHA.
P1060 : Minimally invasive diagnosis of NAFLD and discrimination between NAFL and NASH by autoantibody signatures
Authors: K. Staufer, R. Stauber, C. Theek, M. von Darl, S. Traussnigg, C. Kienbacher, C. Lackner, P. Steindl-Munda, P. Schulz-Knappe, M. Trauner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Psychotropic Drug Use in the Elderly
Authors: Jan Koch-Weser, Troy L. Thompson, Michael G. Moran, Alan S. Nies
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Antidepressant AgentsIt is important to detect depression in the elderly, since it is often responsive to treatment and since suicide is common in this age group, especially among depressed white widowers.3, 76 Other risk factors for suicide that are found frequently in the elderly include living alone, chronic medical illnesses (which may cause dementia or predispose to delirium), recent loss or bereavement, alcohol or sedative abuse, a sense of hopelessness about problems, and a covert wish by others that the elderly person would die.Clinically important depression is present at any given time in at least 10 per cent of . . .
High plasma norepinephrine levels in patients with major affective disorder
Authors: C R Lake, D Pickar, M G Ziegler, S Lipper, S Slater, D L Murphy
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

The authors found that patients with major affective disorder had higher levels of plasma norepinephrine and higher pulse rates (tachycardia) than healthy control subjects, but their blood pressures were normal. These measurements were similar in all three subgroups of patients with affective disorder--manic, bipolar depressed, and unipolar. Because norepinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system, these data suggest sympathetic hyperactivity in the major affective disorders. This conclusion is compatible with recent speculation based on the effect of antidepressants on noradrenergic receptors and a failure of alpha-receptors to downregulate normally in patients with major affective disorder.
Imipramine treatment of alcoholism with comorbid depression
Authors: E V Nunes, P J McGrath, F M Quitkin, J P Stewart, W Harrison, E Tricamo, K Ocepek-Welikson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

Of 60 depressed alcoholics who completed an open trial of imipramine, 27 (45%) responded with improvement in both mood and drinking behavior, and eight (13%) responded after further dosage increases or treatment with disulfiram. In a subsequent 6-month, randomized discontinuation trial, four of 13 subjects (31%) relapsed during imipramine treatment and seven of 10 (70%) relapsed while taking placebo. This suggests a potential treatment approach for a high-risk subgroup of alcoholics.
PTH-136 Activation of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) reduces the risk of early allograft dysfunction following liver transplantation
Authors: A Amer, A Vallance, M Wright, S White
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> There has been increasing interest in the pregnane X receptor (PXR) in recent years as a promising drug target for the treatment of inflammatory liver disease. Our group has previously demonstrated that activation of the PXR reduces oxidative stress and fibrosis in a rat model of liver ischaemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PXR activation on early graft function in clinical liver transplantation. <h3>Method</h3> Data was collected retrospectively for all patients receiving liver transplants in a major transplant centre in the UK over the past three years. Patients were divided into high and low PXR activation groups based on the potency and number of PXR-activating drugs administered over the first week of transplantation. Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) was measured using a validated scoring system and was compared between the two groups in addition to graft and patient survival. <h3>Results</h3> Eighty three patients were considered eligible for inclusion in this study (n = 43 and 40 in the low and high PXR activation groups respectively). The incidence of EAD was significantly higher in the low PXR activation group (30.2% vs. 10% in the high PXR activation group; P &lt; 0.05). No significant differences in graft or patient survival were demonstrated in this small cohort. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Activation of the PXR resulted in a reduction in EAD following liver transplantation in the clinical setting; consistent with our previous results in the animal model. Our findings have important implications for the potential reduction of graft loss following DCD liver transplantation. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Combination of Standard Cytology and Immunocytology with BL2-10D1 Monoclonal Antibody for Monitoring-Treated Bladder Cancer Patients
Authors: C Chicheportiche, E Gazarossian, A Longin, G Lebreuil, M Hermanowicz, C Richaud, S Beley, S Kaphan, B Fontanière, G Cotte
Journal: European Urology (1993)
Complement Fixation in Animal Neoplasia. II. Development and Duration of the Reaction in New Zealand White Rabbits Carrying Brown-Pearce Carcinoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: L D ELLERBROOK, M C RHEES, H THORNTON, S W LIPPINCOTT
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1952)
Brain in Congenital Heart Disease Across the Lifespan
Authors: Ariane Marelli, Steven P. Miller, Bradley Scott Marino, Angela L. Jefferson, Jane W. Newburger
Journal: Circulation (2016)

The number of patients surviving with congenital heart disease (CHD) has soared over the last 3 decades. Adults constitute the fastest-growing segment of the CHD population, now outnumbering children. Research to date on the heart-brain intersection in this population has been focused largely on neurodevelopmental outcomes in childhood and adolescence. Mutations in genes that are highly expressed in heart and brain may cause cerebral dysgenesis. Together with altered cerebral perfusion in utero, these factors are associated with abnormalities of brain structure and brain immaturity in a significant portion of neonates with critical CHD even before they undergo cardiac surgery. In infancy and childhood, the brain may be affected by risk factors related to heart disease itself or to its interventional treatments. As children with CHD become adults, they increasingly develop heart failure, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary disease. These acquired cardiovascular comorbidities can be expected to have effects similar to those in the general population on cerebral blood flow, brain volumes, and dementia. In both children and adults, cardiovascular disease may have adverse effects on achievement, executive function, memory, language, social interactions, and quality of life. Against the backdrop of shifting demographics, risk factors for brain injury in the CHD population are cumulative and synergistic. As neurodevelopmental sequelae in children with CHD evolve to cognitive decline or dementia during adulthood, a growing population of CHD can be expected to require support services. We highlight evidence gaps and future research directions.
MAO activity, csf amine metabolites, and drug-free improvement in schizophrenia
Authors: D P Van Kammen, S R Marder, D L Murphy, W E Bunney
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and amine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid were compared in 22 schizophrenic patients, 8 of whom improved during a 30-day drug-free period. CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid did not distinguish between drug-free improvers and nonimprovers. However, drug-free improvers had lower platelet MAO activities than did normal controls. The authors suggest that looking at clinical variables in patients with low MAO activity might provide a means of biologically subtyping schizophrenic patients.
Defibrination syndrome.
Authors: H G Lasch, L Róka, D Heene
Journal: BMJ (1965)

by M. S. Gatley.His patient was not unduly drowsy, nor were any convulsive movements seen, and management was safely and effectively conducted at home.In 1875 William B. Hunter,6 of Matlock, described a 3-year-old boy who started convulsions on the day after he developed the rash of chicken-pox.They were attributed to " incipient cerebral meningitis," and in elegant language the author describes the application of warm packs to the trunk and extremities, cold cloths to the head, and a cambric handkerchief to the face.The child recovered.More sophisticated forms of therapy are now available, and Ramon Jenkins,7 of the Moses Cone Hospital in North Carolina, has recently given a detailed description of a case of varicella encephalopathy in which, despite decerebrate rigidity with fixed dilated pupils and hyperventilation of a central type, intensive therapy was followed by an unexpected and gratifying recovery.On the assumption that cerebral oedema might be partly responsible for the severity of the symptoms intra- venous urea was administered and was followed by some improvement within four hours.Treatment also included
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-positive cells in cerebrospinal fluid and development of overt CNS leukemia: a 5-year follow-up study in 113 children with a TdT-positive leukemia or non- Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: H Hooijkaas, K Hahlen, HJ Adriaansen, I Dekker, GE van Zanen, JJ van Dongen
Journal: Blood (1989)
Abstract A15: A human mini brain model of pediatric GBM
Authors: Amin Ismail
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most devastating brain cancer with dismal prognosis both in adults and children and accounts for 16% of primary brain tumors. Despite aggressive therapeutic approaches, the majority of patients die within one year after diagnosis. Giving the limitation of current GBM mouse models, which do not reflect the biological properties of human tumors, in particular, tumor heterogeneity and pathogenesis, there is a growing need for new models. Current in vitro 3D models involve the use of hydrogel scaffolds and cell lines, which do not represent a viable developmental context where the tumor mass interacts with and invades the surrounding brain tissues. Starting with pluripotent human embryonic stem cells we reproduced a 3D tissue structure (so-called cerebral organoid) representing a developing human brain in vitro. We engineered these mini-brains to express oncogenic hits responsible for the derivation of tumors in pediatric GBM patients. Pediatric GBM is driven by a combination of epigenetic and genetic hits including the expression of a mutant histone H3 variant H3F3A (mutated at K27M or G34R) or a gain of function mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase IDH1R132H in combination with the loss of the histone remodeling factor ATRX and/or p53 tumor suppressor. We used a combination of these oncogenic hits to create a model of tumor engineering representing the first 3D human tissue model of GBM. This model combines the accurate multi-lineage differentiation and physiology of human brain with the easiness of manipulation of in vitro systems. H&amp;E staining of the modified organoids shows remarkable dysplasia reminiscent of human primary glioma. Different genetic hits result in different type of dysplasia with IDH1R132H showing distinct morphology, suggestive of a broad range of applicability to model oncogenic-dependence in pediatric GBM. Cerebral organoids may also be used as a model to study tumor invasion starting with glioma stem-like cells (GSCs, which are believed to be the tumor-initiating cells in GBM). Indeed 923 GSCs (which are not invasive in mice brain) quickly and spontaneously (within few days) invade a co-cultured cerebral organoid. This study is the first to engineer a human CNS tumor in vitro. The model carries a tremendous potential to uncover the pathogenesis and initiation of brain cancer in a pediatric setting. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Amin Ismail. A human mini brain model of pediatric GBM. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Brain Cancer Research; May 27-30, 2015; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(23 Suppl):Abstract nr A15.
Abstract 46: Functional analysis of long noncoding RNAs in Bcr-Abl-mediated tumorigenesis
Authors: Guijie Guo, Xuefei Wang, Jilong Chen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Human genome is pervasively transcribed and the majority does not have apparent protein coding potential, which is defined as noncoding RNA (ncRNA). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are greater than 200 nucleotides in length, transcribed by RNA polymerase II or III, and poorly conserved. Aberrant expression of numerous functional lncRNAs is associated with various human cancers. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematologic malignancy associated with a translocation between chromosome 9 and 22 that results in the formation of bcr-abl hybrid gene which occurs in over 90% of CML cases. However, the role of lncRNAs in Bcr-Abl-mediated chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is not fully understood. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of lncRNAs in human CML cells using a microarray of cDNAs encoding lncRNAs. The microarray analysis revealed 338 upregulated lncRNAs and 108 downregulated lncRNAs after silencing Bcr-Abl in human CML cells. To identify functional lncRNAs that are important in Bcr-Abl-mediated transformation, we selected the most significantly affected lncRNAs for further studies. These lncRNAs were examined by ORF finder from NCBI and protein-coding potential was determined. We identified several lncRNAs that acted as a key regulator of Bcr-Abl-mediated cellular transformation. Expression of these lncRNAs was further examined in response to disruption of Bcr-Abl expression or by inhibiting Bcr-Abl kinase activity in K562 cells and leukemic cells derived from CML patients. Experiments including ectopic overexpression or knockdown of these lncRNAs were performed to address the role and mechanism of how these lncRNAs function in the leukemic cells. Together, these results reveal that several lncRNAs are critically involved in Bcr-Abl-mediated cellular transformation and suggest a potential strategy for the treatment of Bcr-Abl-positive leukemia. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Guijie Guo, Xuefei Wang, Jilong Chen. Functional analysis of long noncoding RNAs in Bcr-Abl-mediated tumorigenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Integrating Clinical Genomics and Cancer Therapy; Jun 13-16, 2015; Salt Lake City, UT. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(1_Suppl):Abstract nr 46.