tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTH-228 Genotyping of rotavirus isolates prior to the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine in scotland and early indications of the impact of the vaccine
Authors: I Mukhopadhya, S Berry, A Hunt, H Murdoch, A Smith-Palmer, GL Hold
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Rotaviruses (RV) are the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children less than five years of age worldwide. Rotarix®, a live attenuated monovalent vaccine containing a RV strain of G1P[8] specificity has been included in the routine childhood immunisation schedule from June 2013 in Scotland and is offered to infants under the age of four months in two doses. This study aimed to characterise the prevalent rotavirus strains in Scotland prior to the introduction of the vaccine. <h3>Method</h3> Rotavirus positive faecal samples from various Scottish regional virology laboratories covering the years 2012–2013, before the introduction of the vaccine, were genotyped. Viral RNA was extracted from faecal suspensions using guanidine isothiocyanate – silica gel extraction method. VP7 and VP4 gene specific multiplex hemi-nested PCRs were used for genotyping. Surveillance systems were established by Health Protection Scotland to monitor the impact of the vaccine. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 387 samples were genotyped from the regional virology laboratories in Aberdeen, Dundee, Inverness, Glasgow and Edinburgh. The commonest strain in Scotland was G1P[8] accounting for 72.1% of cases. The other strains that were identified were G2P[4] in 7.2%, G4P[8] in 6.9%, G9P[8] in 3.4% and G3P[8] in a further 2.3% of cases. Single cases of G12P[8] and G9P[4] were also found (0.26% respectively). Mixed infections were seen in 5.4% of cases. The provisional uptake for the first dose of Rotarix® vaccine in Scotland for children born between 1<sup>st</sup>of July to 30<sup>th</sup>Sept 2013 was 92.7%% for the completed course by 12 months. The laboratory confirmed cases of RV reported to HPS via ECOSS (The Electronic Communication of Surveillance in Scotland) showed a marked reduction in confirmed reports of RV compared to a three year average of the years 2011–13. Surrogate markers, e.g. calls to NHS24 and GP consultations with childhood diarrhoea and vomiting, have also shown a downward trend. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The pre-vaccine surveillance of RV strains confirms that G1P[8] is the predominant strain in Scotland. There has been a promising reduction in laboratory confirmed cases of RV in Scotland following the introduction of the vaccine. The baseline genotyping data will be used to ascertain cross protection against strains and also identify vaccine induced RV strain shifts and an overall evaluation of the programme. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Arterial Stiffness Is Positively Associated With 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography–Assessed Subclinical Vascular Inflammation in People With Early Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Stefanie A. de Boer, Marieke C. Hovinga-de Boer, Hiddo J.L. Heerspink, Joop D. Lefrandt, Arie M. van Roon, Helen L. Lutgers, Andor W.J.M. Glaudemans, Pieter W. Kamphuisen, Riemer H.J.A. Slart, Douwe J. Mulder
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes is accompanied by premature atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness. The underlying association remains incompletely understood. The possible relationship between subclinical arterial inflammation assessed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and arterial stiffness was investigated in patients with early type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 44), without cardiovascular disease and any type of antidiabetic medication, were studied (median age 63 years [interquartile range 54–66], men:women 27:17). Arterial inflammation was quantified as the FDG uptake maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax). SUVmax was corrected for the prescan glucose level. A target-to-background ratio (TBR) was calculated by dividing the SUVmax of the arteries by the SUVmean of the caval veins (blood pool). TBRs were calculated for four individual segments (carotid arteries, ascending aorta and aortic arch, descending and abdominal aorta, and iliac and femoral arteries) and averaged for the total aortic tree (meanTBR). Arterial stiffness was assessed as central systolic blood pressure (cSBP), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), and augmentation index (AIx). RESULTS The meanTBR was significantly associated with PWV (R = 0.47, P = 0.001) and cSBP (R = 0.45, P = 0.003) but not with AIx. TBR of each separate segment was also significantly associated with PWV and cSBP. In a multiple linear regression model including age, sex, BMI, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), hs-CRP, cholesterol, cSBP, and PWV, PWV was the strongest determinant of meanTBR. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes, FDG-PET/CT–imaged subclinical arterial inflammation is positively associated with determinants of arterial stiffness.
Diagnosis and pharmacotherapy issues in the care of Hispanics in the public sector
Authors: G L Adams, R J Dworkin, S D Rosenberg
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

Clinical data from 1,752 ambulatory patients treated at five public mental health clinics were used to test hypotheses concerning the diagnoses and psychopharmacotherapy of Hispanic patients compared with Anglos and blacks. Hispanics were less likely than the other two groups to be labeled schizophrenic but more likely to be diagnosed as having other mental illnesses. Hispanics were less likely to receive medication than the other two groups. However, when pharmacotherapy was used there were no significant differences among groups in the number of medications prescribed. There were no differences among the groups in the doses prescribed.
Trends in Gout and Rheumatoid Arthritis Hospitalizations in the United States, 1993-2011
Authors: Sian Yik Lim, Na Lu, Amar Oza, Mark Fisher, Sharan K. Rai, Mariano E. Menendez, Hyon K. Choi
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Gout and rheumatoid arthritis are the 2 most common inflammatory arthritides.As hospitalizations for these conditions incur substantial resource use, hospitalization trends and associated costs provide key benchmarks of disease burden.However, relevant long-term data are scarce.We evaluated US hospitalization trends of gout and rheumatoid arthritis from 1993-2011.We investigated these 2 arthritides simultaneously, as we hypothesized opposing trends (due to improvement in rheumatoid arthritis care and a worsening in gout epidemiology 1 and suboptimal care 2 ) and as each condition would serve as an internal comparison for the other.
ABT-199 (GDC-0199) combined with rituximab (R) in patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory (R/R) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): Interim results of a phase 1b study.
Authors: Shuo Ma, John Francis Seymour, Mark C. Lanasa, Thomas J. Kipps, Jacqueline Claudia Barrientos, Matthew Steven Davids, Tanita Mason-Bright, Nikita Rudersdorf, Jianning Yang, Wijith Munasinghe, Ming Zhu, Elisa Cerri, Sari H. Enschede, Rod Humerickhouse, Andrew Warwick Roberts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

7013 Background: ABT-199 is a selective, orally bioavailable Bcl-2 antagonist that induces rapid apoptosis of CLL cells and > 80% response rate as monotherapy in pts with R/R CLL. R synergizes with ABT-199 in preclinical models of CD20+ve lymphoid cancers. Methods: Objectives were to assess safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and preliminary efficacy of ABT-199 + R and to determine a recommended phase 2 dose. Daily ABT-199 began at 50mg (modified to 20mg), with weekly increases to a final cohort dose (200-600mg). R was then initially dosed at 375 mg/m2 then 500mg/m2 monthly for 6 months (cohort 1-2 had 8 doses) with daily ABT-199 until progressive disease (PD). Results: As of Jan 17, 2014, 37 pts were enrolled in 5 cohorts (median age 68, 14/23 F/M) with a median time on study: 4.8 (range 0 - 15.2) months, median number of prior therapies: 2 (range 1 - 5); 9 pts were fludarabine-refractory, 9 R-refractory, and 9 had del(17p). Six pts discontinued: 4 due to PD (3 Richter’s transformation, 1 CLL), 1 withdrew consent (WC), 1 due to fatal hyperkalemia in the setting of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) at 1st dose (50mg). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs, >25% pts) were neutropenia (43%), nausea (38%), diarrhea (30%). The most common grade 3/4 AEs were neutropenia (43%), thrombocytopenia (16%), and anemia (11%). Two dose limiting toxicities occurred with ABT-199 + R: thrombocytopenia (300mg/375mg/m2) and hemophagocytic syndrome (300mg/500mg/m2). Preliminary PK data suggest a negligible effect of R on ABT-199 exposure. Of 18 pts who have completed combination therapy or discontinued prior to completion, 7 (39%) achieved CR/CRi and 7 (39%) PR, 2PD, 1WC, 1 fatal event. Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) was quantified locally in 6/7 CR pts: 5 pts were MRD negative. Of the 19 yet to complete combination therapy, 4 have confirmed PR, 9 have unconfirmed PR, and 6 are not yet evaluable. Conclusions: To date, the addition of R to ABT-199 has identified no new toxicities. The combination is active in R/R CLL with a substantial CR rate. A fatal episode of TLS occurred during the ABT-199 lead-in period; with dosing modifications and increased monitoring no further TLS events occurred. Clinical trial information: NCT01682616.
Chlorothiazide and Its Relationship to Neonatal Jaundice
Authors: D M CROSLAND, C E FLOWERS
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Master Class
Authors: S Lurie
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of Pictorial Cigarette Pack Warnings on Changes in Smoking Behavior
Authors: Noel T. Brewer, Marissa G. Hall, Seth M. Noar, Humberto Parada, Al Stein-Seroussi, Laura E. Bach, Sean Hanley, Kurt M. Ribisl
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Pictorial warnings on cigarette packs draw attention and increase quit intentions, but their effect on smoking behavior remains uncertain. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the effect of adding pictorial warnings to the front and back of cigarette packs. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This 4-week between-participant randomized clinical trial was carried out in California and North Carolina. We recruited a convenience sample of adult cigarette smokers from the general population beginning September 2014 through August 2015. Of 2149 smokers who enrolled, 88% completed the trial. No participants withdrew owing to adverse events. <h3>Interventions</h3> We randomly assigned participants to receive on their cigarette packs for 4 weeks either text-only warnings (one of the Surgeon General's warnings currently in use in the United States on the side of the cigarette packs) or pictorial warnings (one of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act's required text warnings and pictures that showed harms of smoking on the top half of the front and back of the cigarette packs). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary trial outcome was attempting to quit smoking during the study. We hypothesized that smokers randomized to receive pictorial warnings would be more likely to report a quit attempt during the study than smokers randomized to receive a text-only Surgeon General's warning. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 2149 participants who began the trial (1039 men, 1060 women, and 34 transgender people; mean [SD] age, 39.7 [13.4] years for text-only warning, 39.8 [13.7] for pictorial warnings), 1901 completed it. In intent-to-treat analyses (n = 2149), smokers whose packs had pictorial warnings were more likely than those whose packs had text-only warnings to attempt to quit smoking during the 4-week trial (40% vs 34%; odds ratio [OR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.09-1.54). The findings did not differ across any demographic groups. Having quit smoking for at least the 7 days prior to the end of the trial was more common among smokers who received pictorial than those who received text-only warnings (5.7% vs 3.8%; OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.02-2.29). Pictorial warnings also increased forgoing a cigarette, intentions to quit smoking, negative emotional reactions, thinking about the harms of smoking, and conversations about quitting. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Pictorial warnings effectively increased intentions to quit, forgoing cigarettes, quit attempts, and successfully quitting smoking over 4 weeks. Our trial findings suggest that implementing pictorial warnings on cigarette packs in the United States would discourage smoking. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT02247908
AB1176 Disease Control Among Serbian Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated with Biologic Drugs: Findings from Daily Practice
Authors: S. Zivojinovic, T. Ilic, D. Celic, M. Lazarevic, B. Erdeljan, M. Maksimovic, J. Nedovic, B. Stamenkovic, S. Stojanovic, M. Icevic, N. Milic, N. Damjanov
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Management of rheumatoid arthritis is complex. Better disease control results in better patient outcomes. There are clear guidelines and focused strategy for achieving low disease activity or remission in RA patients, that should be applied in routine clinical practice. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate disease activity and efficacy of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) used to achieve treatment aim (remission or low disease activity) according to treat-to-target strategy, among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in daily practice in Serbia. <h3>Methods</h3> Consecutive RA patients treated in 4 participating Serbian clinics during November and December 2014 were included in the study. Data were collected on the basis of the last completed assessment of disease, among patients to whom bDMARD was added to previously used conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (csDMARD) and have been treated with this strategy for at least 6 months. The disease activity score (DAS28) was used to classify patients into the disease activity states of remission, low disease activity (LDA), moderate disease activity (MDA) and high disease activity (HDA). Choice of therapy was at the discretion of the treating clinician. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 223 patients with median disease duration of 5 years were analyzed. To 88.4% of patients bDMARD was added due to HDA. Majority of the patients were previously treated with Methotrexate alone or in combination with another csDMARD (75.9% and 12.3%, respectively), 5.4% with Sulfasalazine and 6.4% with other csDMARDs. 50.7% of the patients were receiving Enbrel, 21.1% Humira, 17.0% Actemra, 9.0% Simponi, 1.8% Remicade and 0.4% MabThera. DAS28 scores were recorded for all patients, with 36.0% in remission, 27.9% in LDA, 31.1% in MDA and 5.0% in HDA. For 10.3% of patients who did not achieve treatment target (those with MDA and HDA), was recorded secondary loss of efficacy. If primary or secondary inefficacy were recorded, the choice of 2nd bDMARD will be at the discretion of the treating clinician. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Cross-sectional assessment of this cohort of Serbian RA patients treated with bDMARDs showed a significant improvement in disease control for most of the patients, but still found a large proportion remain in moderate and high disease activity. Substantial future health burdens in this group of patients may be reduced by improving disease control with proper management of RA patients with increased focus on treat-to-target strategy with tight control and individual approach. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> The study was initiated and sponsored by Roche d.o.o. Serbia. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
The relationship of presenting complaints to the use of psychiatric services in a low-income group
Authors: J M de Figueiredo, H Boerstler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

The presenting complaints of 503 subjects who contacted a mental health clinic serving an inner-city, low-income group were classified into mental state, physical functioning, social relations, and social performance. The authors examined the relationship between type of presenting complaint and race ethnicity, gender, age, marital status, DSM-III diagnosis, source of referral, and previous use of psychiatric services. Diagnostic group, source of referral, previous use of services, and type of presenting complaint were the four best predictors of number of outpatient visits. The increment in prediction produced by type of presenting complaint, however, was relatively modest.
A controlled study of satisfaction among psychobiology research patients
Authors: T P Kalman, N S Talon, A Frances, J H Kocsis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

Because of the controversy regarding research involving human subjects, the authors designed an 18-item questionnaire to measure research patients' satisfaction with hospital treatment. They compared the questionnaire scores of 25 hospitalized depressed patients treated on a psychobiology study unit with those of 18 comparable patients treated on standard inpatient psychiatric units. Satisfaction was equally high in both groups. Satisfaction and improvement in depression scores were significantly correlated in study unit patients but not among patients on standard units. The authors believe that these data provide valuable information for institutional review boards, potential research subjects and referral sources, researchers, and the public at large.
Post-translational Processing of Purified Human K-<i>ras</i> in <i>Xenopus</i> Oocytes
Authors: J B Kaplan, P M Sass
Journal: Cancer Communications (1991)

Membrane localization of ras p21 involves a complex series of post-translational processing events, including S-farnesylation of Cys-186, removal of three carboxyl-terminal amino acid residues, and methylation of the carboxyl-terminal farnesylcysteine residue. Palmitoylation of cysteine residues within the hypervariable region (amino acids 165-185) is also required for membrane localization of mammalian H-, N-, and K-ras(A). For K-ras(B), which contains no cysteine residues within the hypervariable region, a polybasic domain substitutes for palmitoylation as a second signal for plasma membrane targeting. In order to investigate the localization of K-ras(B) to the plasma membrane, we purified wild-type and mutant human K-ras(B) proteins from strains of E. coli harboring bacterial expression plasmids and injected them into Xenopus laevis oocytes. Our results show that wild-type and activated K-ras(B) proteins can be post-translationally modified and can induce meiotic maturation in Xenopus oocytes. A mutation at Cys-186 (Cys to Gly) abolished the ability of activated K-ras(B) to induce meiosis. Deprivation of isoprenyl precursors by the addition of lovastatin, a drug that blocks the synthesis of mevalonate, also abolished the ability of activated K-ras(B) to induce meiosis, although this inhibition could be overcome by the addition of exogenous mevalonate. Lovastatin did not block meiotic maturation induced by microinjection of purified mos protein, a component of the cytostatic factor that arrests Xenopus oocytes at the first meiotic prophase. These results indicate that post-translational isoprenylation of K-ras(B) is essential for plasma membrane targeting and induction of meiotic maturation in Xenopus oocytes and that further isoprenyl modification of proteins downstream from mos signal transduction is not essential for this process.
Reply
Authors: Jürgen J. Wenzel, Wolfgang Jilg
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Potential conflict of interest: Dr. Wenzel received payment for lectures by Mikrogen. Dr. Jilg received payment for lectures by Mikrogen. We thank Professor Zaaijer for his comments on our study "Decline in Hepatitis E Virus Antibody Prevalence in Southeastern Germany, 1996‐2011."1 We reported a substantially lower hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibody (anti‐HEV) prevalence in German sera from 2011, as compared to 1996. We concluded that the increasing rate of notified hepatitis E is likely a result of the improved awareness of the disease and not the emerging nature of hepatitis E. Professor Zaaijer in his letter raised the interesting question about the latest trends in hepatitis E prevalence. He refers to a recent study from the Netherlands, which—in agreement with our findings—demonstrates declining total anti‐HEV rates in Dutch sera during the past decades.2 But, in spite of that, a prevalence increase by 5.7% was found in the age group of 18‐21 years old (7% in 1995 and 12.7% in 2011). We would like to point out that we did not observe such an effect in our study: The age group 20‐29 years old showed a 13.7% reduction in anti‐HEV prevalence (28% in 1996 and 14.3% in 2011), a finding consistent with all other age groups we analyzed. However, we cannot exclude a potentially reversed trend in Germany in the very recent past, given that our study was not designed to investigate the seroprevalence development during the very last years. It should be most interesting to address this question in future studies also in Germany.