tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lung function in children in relation to ethnicity, physique and socioeconomic factors
Authors: Sooky Lum, Vassiliki Bountziouka, Samatha Sonnappa, Angie Wade, Tim J. Cole, Seeromanie Harding, Jonathan C.K. Wells, Chris Griffiths, Philip Treleaven, Rachel Bonner, Jane Kirkby, Simon Lee, Emma Raywood, Sarah Legg, Dave Sears, Philippa Cottam, Colin Feyeraband, Janet Stocks
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Can ethnic differences in spirometry be attributed to differences in physique and socioeconomic factors?Assessments were undertaken in 2171 London primary schoolchildren on two occasions 1 year apart, whenever possible, as part of the Size and Lung function In Children (SLIC) study. Measurements included spirometry, detailed anthropometry, three-dimensional photonic scanning for regional body shape, body composition, information on ethnic ancestry, birth and respiratory history, socioeconomic circumstances, and tobacco smoke exposure.Technically acceptable spirometry was obtained from 1901 children (mean (range) age 8.3 (5.2-11.8) years, 46% boys, 35% White, 29% Black-African origin, 24% South-Asian, 12% Other/mixed) on 2767 test occasions. After adjusting for sex, age and height, forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 1.32, 0.89 and 0.51 z-score units lower in Black-African origin, South-Asian and Other/mixed ethnicity children, respectively, when compared with White children, with similar decrements for forced vital capacity (p<0.001 for all). Although further adjustment for sitting height and chest width reduced differences attributable to ethnicity by up to 16%, significant differences persisted after adjusting for all potential determinants, including socioeconomic circumstances.Ethnic differences in spirometric lung function persist despite adjusting for a wide range of potential determinants, including body physique and socioeconomic circumstances, emphasising the need to use ethnic-specific equations when interpreting results.
GP is suspended for failing to provide shared care for child over nine year period
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A GP has been suspended for 12 months by the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service (MPTS) after he failed to take active steps to safeguard the health of a child cancer survivor who was missing appointments and growth targets.

Jaffar Shah, a partner at Darlaston Health Centre near Walsall, West Midlands, admitted repeatedly breaching the shared care protocol agreed between him and Birmingham Children’s Hospital in the case of patient “X” and failing to immunise her despite direct requests from her specialists.

X, now in her late teens, was …
BMA rules out industrial action in Scottish hospitals despite strong vote in ballot
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Doctors’ leaders have ruled out industrial action in Scottish hospitals this winter over changes to the NHS pension scheme, despite a vote in favour by hospital doctors.

In an industrial action ballot by the BMA, hospital consultants narrowly rejected strike action (49% in favour versus 51% against), whereas 73% of junior doctors and 52% of staff grade, associate specialist, and specialty (SAS) doctors voted in favour. 

However, at least two thirds of all grades of hospital doctor voted in favour of action short of a strike: 67% of consultants, 67% of SAS doctors, and 89% of junior doctors. Public health doctors voted against all forms …
Tc-99m MIBI Filling Pattern in a Photopenic Area of a Tc-99m MDP Scan in a Patient with Metastatic Bone Involvement of Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Gulay Durmus Altun, Cem Uzal, Sevim Hacimahmutoglu, Gokhan Pekindil, Ali Sarikaya, Necmi Omer Yigitbasi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

DURMUS ALTUN, GULAY M.D.*; UZAL, CEM M.D.†; HACIMAHMUTOGLU, SEVIM M.D.*; PEKINDIL, GOKHAN M.D.‡; SARIKAYA, ALI M.D.*; ÖMER YIGITBASI, NECMI Ph.D.* Author Information
Abstract 1069: Vav3 enhances androgen receptor splice variant activity and is critical for castration resistant prostate cancer growth and survival.
Authors: Stephanie Peacock, Cale D. Fahrenholtz, Kerry L. Burnstein
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Advanced or metastatic prostate cancer is treated by androgen deprivation; however, patients inevitably relapse with castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) that grows independently of androgen. However, CRPC remains dependent on androgen receptor (AR) signaling, which includes constitutive, ligand–independent action of naturally occurring AR splice variants. For example, the AR splice variant AR3 (also termed AR–V7) is expressed in CRPC and is linked to poor prognosis. Vav3, a Rho GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor, is an AR coactivator that is up–regulated in human prostate cancer as compared to benign tissue as well as in pre–clinical models of CRPC. Vav3 confers castration–resistant growth to androgen–dependent human prostate cancer cells and increased expression has been linked to increased clinical biochemical relapse. Despite the importance of AR coactivators in promoting CRPC, the potential role of these regulatory proteins in modulating AR splice variant activity is unknown. We examined the contributions of Vav3 to AR activity in two CRPC cell lines that naturally express relatively high levels of Vav3 and AR3. Vav3 or AR3 knockdown greatly attenuated cell proliferation, soft agar growth and ligand–independent AR activity. Vav3 potently enhanced the transcriptional activity of AR3 and another clinically relevant AR splice variant ARv567es. Furthermore, Vav3 enhanced AR splice variant activity through a distinctly different mechanism than Vav3 coactivation of full length AR. Vav3 knockdown resulted in lowered nuclear AR3 levels while total AR3 protein and mRNA levels remained static. Conversely, overexpression of Vav3 resulted in increased nuclear AR3. Co–immunoprecipitation revealed that AR3 and Vav3 interact. These novel data demonstrating physical and functional interactions between Vav3, a unique AR coactivator, and an AR splice variant provide insights into the mechanisms by which Vav3 exploits and enhances AR signaling in the progression to CRPC. Citation Format: Stephanie Peacock, Cale D. Fahrenholtz, Kerry L. Burnstein. Vav3 enhances androgen receptor splice variant activity and is critical for castration resistant prostate cancer growth and survival. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1069. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1069
Abstract 4990: Complement promotes growth of ovarian cancer.
Authors: Min Soon Cho, Hernan G. Vasquez, Hee Dong Han, Sunila Pradeep, Rajesh Rupaimoole, Behrouz Zand, Michael Kroll, Anil K. Sood, Vahid Afshar-Kharghan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Objective: The complement system is a component of innate immunity against invading pathogens, but also mediates the cell-cell communication in organ regeneration, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration. We studied whether the complement system affect tumor growth in ovarian cancer. Materials &amp; Methods: Complement C3 mRNA level was quantified using qRT-PCR in ovarian cancer cell lines and in tumor specimens from patients with ovarian cancer. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to investigate the consequences of C3 gene silencing in vitro and in vivo. Results: C3 was expressed in ovarian cancer cell lines and tumor tissues from patients. Silencing of the C3 gene decreased ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. In orthotopic murine models of ovarian cancer, C3 siRNA reduced growth of implanted tumors by 60% as was evident by lower number and smaller size of tumor nodules in C3-siRNA treated mice in comparison to those in scrambled siRNA treated control mice (average tumor weight of 0.19 g in C3 siRNA vs. 0.61 g in scrambled siRNA, n=8 in each group, p=0.017; average nodule number of 4.4 in C3 siRNA vs. 11.4 in scrambled siRNA, n=8 in each group, p=0.05; t-test). Consistent with our in vitro and animal studies, ovarian cancer patients with a higher C3 mRNA level in their tumors had a worse prognosis with overall survival rates compared to those with a lower C3 mRNA level (n=75, p=0.03). Conclusion: Our studies revealed a novel role for complement in cancer biology. Cancer cell-derived C3 promotes tumor growth and progression. Our studies might identify the complement system as a new target for the development of new anti-tumor reagents. Citation Format: Min Soon Cho, Hernan G. Vasquez, Hee Dong Han, Sunila Pradeep, Rajesh Rupaimoole, Behrouz Zand, Michael Kroll, Anil K. Sood, Vahid Afshar-Kharghan. Complement promotes growth of ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4990. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4990
A Mutation in the Surfactant Protein C Gene Associated with Familial Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Lawrence M. Nogee, Alston E. Dunbar, Susan E. Wert, Frederic Askin, Aaron Hamvas, Jeffrey A. Whitsett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Interstitial lung diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders that are poorly understood at a molecular level.1,2 The cause is often unknown, and the histologic diagnoses used in adults may represent different disease processes in children.3–5 For example, cases of desquamative interstitial pneumonitis reported in infants are often more severe and refractory to treatment than those reported in adults.6,7 Many of these cases probably represent chronic pneumonitis of infancy.8,9 The lungs in patients with chronic pneumonitis of infancy are characterized by interstitial thickening with mesenchymal cells, rather than by an inflammatory infiltrate, and an alveolar infiltrate . . .
Abstract 3624: Circulating sEGFR arises through a fibronectin/integrin-regulated proteolytic cleavage event: Analogy to HER2 shedding
Authors: Jason A. Wilken, Marianela Perez-Torres, Rene Nieves-Alicea, Elsa M. Cora, Trace A. Christensen, Andre T. Baron, Nita J. Maihle
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract A circulating isoform of EGFR has been identified as an emerging serum biomarker in cancer patients. Serum concentrations of EGFR have been evaluated as screening, diagnostic, prognostic, and theragnostic markers for diverse human malignancies, including breast, ovarian, endometrial, colorectal, and lung cancer. Yet full-length EGFR is rarely shed from normal or malignant cells. Here we demonstrate that an alternately spliced EGFR isoform, termed ‘sEGFR,’ gives rise to the circulating sEGFR protein through proteolytic cleavage of a cell surface precursor. This cleavage event is inhibited by fibronectin and stimulated by both an anti-Δ5/α1 integrin antibody and the metalloprotease activator 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate. Preliminary results identify ADAM17/TACE as at least one mediator of sEGFR shedding. Shed sEGFR binds to EGF with high affinity. Two FDA-approved therapeutic anti-EGFR antibodies, cetuximab (Erbitux) and panitumumab (Vectibix), inhibit shedding of sEGFR, implicating sEGFR as a potential alternative target for these antibodies, consistent with previous studies indicating that baseline serum sEGFR concentrations may predict responsiveness to anti-EGFR-targeted therapy. These observations bear striking similarity to aspects of trastuzumab regulation of HER2, shedding, and, by analogy, may have implications for the design of future clinical trials using EGFR-directed therapeutics, including cetuximab and panitumimab. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3624. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3624
Suicide: A European Perspective
Authors: H G Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Nils Retterstol, Cambridge University Press, (pound)35, pp 261; ISBN 0-521-42099-7

Suicide tests us to the limits of our beliefs concerning why we are here and what we are about. The many unknowns surrounding it mean that whatever aspect of it we consider we are confronted with polarised views. The clinical approach, which assumes that most suicidal people are mentally ill, with the implication that prevention is feasible in at least some of them, is challenged by those who invoke individual personal autonomy (the right to decide for the self) and challenge what they see as the inappropriateness of …
Identifying Symptom Clusters in Breast Cancer: Implications on Patient Quality of Life.
Authors: C. Lis, T. Birdsall, J. Stark, L. Cain, K. Campbell, K. Gilbert, D. Gupta
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Patients undergoing treatment for advanced cancer often experience multiple symptoms. These symptoms occur with varying frequency, intensity, and impact. Pain, fatigue, insomnia, anorexia and dyspnea are consistently among the 10 most prevalent symptoms associated with cancer and its treatment. We conducted a multivariate analysis to investigate the impact of cancer symptoms on patient quality of life (QoL) in breast cancer.Material and Methods: A consecutive series of 226 breast cancer patients treated at the Cancer Treatment Centers of America at Southwestern Regional Medical Center between Jan 2001 and Nov 2006. Cancer symptoms were assessed using the symptom subscales of European Organization for Research Treatment of Cancer - Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30). Symptom scores range from 0-100 with lower scores indicating better while higher scores indicating worse symptoms. QoL was assessed using Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index (QLI). QLI measures overall QoL and QoL in 4 major subscales: health/physical, social/economic, psychological/spiritual, and family. QLI scores range from 0-30 with higher scores indicating better QoL. The relationship between QLQ-C30 symptoms and QLI was evaluated using multivariate linear regression.Results: Of 226 patients, 98 were newly diagnosed while 128 had failed prior treatment before coming to our hospital. The mean age was 52.5 years (range = 27-82 years). We found that every 10 unit increase in fatigue (p=.004) and pain (p=.001) was significantly associated with 0.65 and 0.66 unit decline in QLI health/physical subscale after controlling for age, treatment history, stage at diagnosis and other cancer symptoms. Similarly, every 10 unit increase in insomnia (p=.02) was significantly associated with 0.35 unit decline in QLI family subscale. Finally, every 10 unit increase in pain (p=.01) and insomnia (p=.03) was significantly associated with 0.34 and 0.21 unit decline in overall QoL.Discussion: We found fatigue, pain and insomnia to be independent predictors of QoL after controlling for each other, age, treatment history and stage at diagnosis. Recognition and timely treatment of symptom clusters could result in improved QoL in patients with breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5043.
SAT0547 Socio-Economic Inequities in Physical and Mental Health of the Patients with Musculoskeletal Diseases
Authors: P. Putrik, S. Ramiro, A. M. Chorus, A. Boonen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Numerous studies documented that lower socio-economic status (SES) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the impact of SE determinants on health of patients with a musculoskeletal condition (MSKC) received less attention. <h3>Objectives</h3> To explore the impact of PROGRESS-plus factors (Place of Residence, Race/Ethnicity, Occupation, Gender, Religion, Education, SES, Social Capital, and Plus representing Age, Disability, Sexual Orientation and Literacy) on physical and mental health of patients with MSKCs. <h3>Methods</h3> Analyses were based on a subgroup of patients with self-reported, physician-diagnosed MSKCs, who were part of an epidemiological study in a representative sample of the Dutch population. Participants (n=8904, &gt;18 y.o.) completed a survey on socio-demographics, physician-diagnosed comorbidities, and the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). To explore the impact of available <i>PROGRESS</i> factors on the SF-12 physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) subscales, a series of linear regression models were computed first entering as PROGRESS factors education (5 groups, from no education to university level), age, gender, origin (western vs. non-western) and secondly limiting analyses to persons expected to have paid work and entering the same explanatory variables and also work status (paid work, unemployed, or assistance allowance). All regressions were adjusted for the number of physician-diagnosed comorbidities (excluding MSKC). Interactions were tested. <h3>Results</h3> MSKC confirmed by a physician was reported by 1766 (20%) participants (mean age 59 years, 38% male). PSC and MSC were 6.6 and 3.2 points, respectively, lower in patients with MSKC who had no education compared to those with a university education (model I, table, adjusted for factors as described). In patients with potential to work (Model II), education and work status were both associated with PCS, while these were not significantly associated with MCS. PCS in patients with lower education or receiving assistance allowance was 5.8 and 5.5 points lower than that of patients with university education or a paid job, respectively. Origin was never associated with health but experienced health was always strongly dependent on number of comorbidities. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Of the PROGRESS factors explored among Dutch patients with MSKC, age, gender and education had a strong relation with both physical and mental health, while the role of work status and origin was less pronounced. The strong gradient by level of education is in principle unfair and requires attention and action. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Reconstitution of Cellular Immunity against Cytomegalovirus in Recipients of Allogeneic Bone Marrow by Transfer of T-Cell Clones from the Donor
Authors: Elizabeth A. Walter, Philip D. Greenberg, Mark J. Gilbert, Rosalynde J. Finch, Käthe S. Watanabe, E. Donnall Thomas, Stanley R. Riddell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in immunocompromised patients correlates with a deficiency of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for CMV. We evaluated the safety and immunologic effects of immunotherapy with clones of these lymphocytes in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants.
Bladder to Pancreas Reflux After Kidney and Pancreas Transplants
Authors: WALTER K. JUNG, RONALD J. ROSENBERG, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

A dual kidney-pancreas transplant, in a 25-year-old man, was evaluated by use of Tc-99m MAG 3. Both organs were noted on the perfusion phase, and pancreatic activity then faded. The kidney then emptied into the bladder. There was a sudden reflux of activity into the pancreatic ductal system, which then slowly drained. The patient rejected the pancreatic transplant.
The ESPRIM trial - short-term treatment of acute myocardial-infarction with molsidomine.
Authors: M. Anshelevich, Jp Boissel, Gui De Backer, M. Kornitzer, A. Leizorovicz, M. Marzilli, S. Varshavsky, P. Beaufils, T. Meinertz, C. Brun, F. Chauvin, A. Cherief, M. Cucherat, E. Gauthier, M. Gaydarova, C. Gelasdore, F. Guenaneche, Mc Haugh, L. Lion, J. Maupas, C. Mercier, Jl Leprince, J. Acar, Jp Maroni, B. Mentre, D. Morizot, B. Contin, A. Bensliman, Jy Ketelers, W. Mouawad, R. Faith, Dirk Tavernier, C. Fournier, Jp Rinaldi, A. Terral, R. Deturck, H. Causeret, C. Richard, J. Hermann, T. Elcadi, J. Sellal, M. Ubrich, F. Hessel
Journal: The Lancet (1994)
Long-term Immune Response to Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination Regimens in Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1
Authors: Odile Launay, Arielle R. Rosenberg, David Rey, Noelle Pouget, Marie-Louise Michel, Jacques Reynes, Didier Neau, Francois Raffi, Lionel Piroth, Fabrice Carrat
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Data on long-term immune responses to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in adults with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection are scarce.To compare long-term (up to month 42) immune responses to the standard HBV vaccination regimen with a 4-injection intramuscular double-dose regimen and a 4-injection intradermal low-dose regimen.The phase 3, open-label, multicenter parallel-group (1:1:1 allocation ratio) randomized clinical trial was conducted from June 28, 2007, to October 23, 2008, at 33 centers in France. Participants included 437 HBV-seronegative adults with HIV-1 and CD4 cell counts of more than 200/μL. Follow-up was extended to September 12, 2012, and data were assessed from February 13, 2015, to January 22, 2016. The analysis was imputed for an intention-to-treat population.Patients were randomly assigned to receive 3 intramuscular standard-dose (20-μg) injections of recombinant HBV vaccine at weeks 0, 4, and 24 (IM20 × 3 group) (145 participants), 4 intramuscular double-dose (40-μg) injections at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 24 (IM40 × 4 group) (148 participants), or 4 intradermal low-dose (4-μg) injections at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 24 (ID4 × 4 group) (144 participants).The previously published primary trial end point was the percentage of responders at week 28, defined as patients with hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) levels of at least 10 mIU/mL among patients who received at least 1 vaccine dose. The secondary trial end points included the percentage of responders at months 18, 30, and 42 and the duration of response from week 28. Multiple imputation was used to address missing measurements during the follow-up.Among the 437 patients randomized, 426 received at least 1 dose of vaccine. Of these, 287 were men (67.4%) and they had a mean (SD) age of 42.9 (9.7) years. The percentage of responders at month 42 was 41% (95% CI, 33%-49%) in the IM20 × 3 group, 71% (95% CI, 64%-79%) in the IM40 × 4 group (P < .001 vs the IM20 × 3 group), and 44% (95% CI, 35%-53%) in the ID4 × 4 group (P = .64 vs IM20 × 3 group). Fifteen percent of the patients had HBsAb titers of less than 10 mIU/mL at 33.1 months in the IM40 × 4 group, 8.7 months in the IM20 × 3 group, and 6.8 months in the ID4 × 4 group.In this follow-up of a trial of adults with HIV-1 infection, the IM40 × 4 regimen of recombinant HBV vaccine improved long-term immune response compared with the standard regimen.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00480792.