tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elevated antidepressant plasma levels after addition of fluoxetine
Authors: A B Aranow, J I Hudson, H G Pope, T A Grady, T A Laage, I R Bell, J O Cole
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

Four patients treated with tricyclic antidepressants and one patient treated with trazodone all demonstrated marked increases in plasma levels of these drugs after the addition of fluoxetine. Such increases could increase adverse effects.
Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in acute schizophrenia
Authors: W T Carpenter, D L Murphy, R J Wyatt
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

The authors found normal monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in 40 acute schizophrenic patients, in contrast to previous reports of a genetically linked platelet MAO deficit in chronic schizophrenia. Variations in MAO activity were not significantly associated with the 65 clinical variables analyzed, although there was a tendency for patients in the low-MAO group to have more severely impaired reality testing, more paranoid and grandiose delusions, better prognostic scores, and less restlessness.
Thromboembolic events in hospitalized cancer patients: Impact on stay duration and cost for four major cancer localizations.
Authors: Florian Scotte, Alexandre Vainchtock, Nicolas Martelli, Isabelle Borget
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

186 Background: Cancer patients represent an at-risk population for Venous Thromboembolic Events (VTE). Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of VTE on the length and cost of hospital stay in French patients hospitalized for breast cancer (BC), colon cancer (CC), lung cancer (LC) or prostate cancer (PC). Methods: The French national hospital database (PMSI) and the disease-specific ICD-10 codes were used to identify BC, CC, LC or PC patients diagnosed in 2010 who were hospitalized with a VTE during the following two years. We selected stays during which a VTE occurred but was not the main reason of hospitalization (cancer was classified as primary/related diagnosis and VTE as significant associated diagnosis). Those stays were matched and compared to similar stays (same cancer and same reason for hospitalization) without VTE. Costs were calculated using the French official tariffs, from the perspective of the third-party payer. Results: We identified 214 stays for breast cancer during which a VTE occurred and was classified as significant associated diagnosis, 843 stays for colon cancer, 1301 for lung cancer, and 126 for prostate cancer. The comparison between those stays and similar stays without VTE showed significant increase of hospital stay duration in patients experiencing VTE. Median duration rose from 4 to 7 days in BC patients, from 8 to 16 days in CC, from 2 to 9 days in LC and from 6 to 10 days in PC. Consequently, the median expenditure per stay increased by 37% in BC patients with VTE (up to € 5,518), by 61% in CC (up to € 9,878), by 202% in LC (up to € 7,308) and by 22% in PC (up to € 6,200). Conclusions: When occurring during hospitalization, VTE made cancer management much heavier: patients faced prolonged hospital stays whereas healthcare system faced significant additional cost. Better prevention and follow-up measures could reduce this burden, and benefit both patients and hospitals. [Table: see text]
Canada’s draft law on doctor assisted death is welcomed and criticised
Authors: Barbara Kermode-Scott
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The Canadian government has tabled a new law, Bill C-14, to decriminalise euthanasia and doctor assisted suicide. The draft law has been met with praise and criticism since it was introduced on 14 April.

Bill C-14 will amend the nation’s criminal code (and make related amendments to other laws) to exempt “medical assistance in dying” from prosecution. The proposed new law will apply only to mentally competent adults with a “grievous and irremediable” medical condition, and only where a natural death has become “reasonably foreseeable.”

Bill C-14 was drafted by Canada’s government in response to a ruling by the Supreme Court on 6 February 2015 which struck …
A comparison of DSM-III and DSM-III-R schizophrenia
Authors: W S Fenton, T H McGlashan, R K Heinssen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

The authors compared DSM-III and DSM-III-R definitions of schizophrenia among 532 inpatients treated in a long-term residential setting and reevaluated an average of 15 years later. Largely by excluding those with nonbizarre delusions (somatic, grandiose, or religious) without hallucinations, DSM-III-R reduced the number of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia by 10%. With the exception of the sign and symptom variables used to define them, the DSM-III schizophrenic patients included (N = 164) and excluded (N = 18) by DSM-III-R did not differ with respect to demographic, premorbid, or long-term outcome characteristics. The authors argue that frequent changes in diagnostic schemes in the absence of evidence of improved validity are likely to impede progress in research.
S2 Vascular Quiescence Factor BMP9 is Regulated by Inflammation and Neutrophil Activation
Authors: W Li, L Long, K Hoenderdos, PD Upton, X Yang, AM Condliffe, ER Chilvers, NW Morrell
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Endothelial bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPR-II)-mediated signalling is essential for protecting vascular endothelium. Loss of BMPR-II predisposes human pulmonary artery endothelial cell (hPAEC) monolayers to apoptosis and increased permeability. <i>In vivo,</i> reduced BMPR-II function promotes endothelial permeability and the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Importantly, BMP9, the only confirmed active circulating BMP, signals preferentially via BMPR-II and induces BMPR-II expression to maintain endothelial integrity and homeostasis. It was recently shown that administration of recombinant BMP9 prevented LPS-induced lung vascular leakage <i>in vivo</i> and reversed established PAH in three rodent models.<sup>1</sup> However, it is not known how circulating BMP9 is regulated during LPS-induced inflammation and in PAH. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate whether BMP9 is regulated by inflammatory stimuli <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. <h3>Results</h3> Intraperitoneal LPS challenge in mice led to a significant increase in circulating neutrophil elastase levels with a reciprocal reduction in BMP9 levels (both measured by ELISA) within 24 h. Since this reduction in BMP9 might be due to reduced BMP9 synthesis in the liver or cleavage of BMP9 by neutrophil-derived proteases, we quantified BMP9 synthesis in the liver after LPS challenge, as well as changes in alpha-1 antitrypsin, the major elastase inhibitor in man. Synthesis of BMP9 fell sharply 3 h after LPS-challenge but recovered completely by 18 h. No increase in the synthesis or levels of circulating active alpha-1 antitrypsin was observed. Supernatants from purified human peripheral blood neutrophils activated <i>in vitro</i> degraded recombinant BMP9. Inhibition studies confirmed that the BMP9-cleavage activity released by activated neutrophils was largely attributable to neutrophil elastase. <h3>Conclusions and discussions</h3> Synthesis of the endothelial protective factor BMP9 is actively regulated by inflammation, and BMP9 is subject to neutrophil elastase-mediated cleavage. Since inflammation has been shown to be a second hit in the pathogenesis of PAH, this study could provide a potential link between inflammation and reduced endothelial BMPR-II signalling. <h3>Reference</h3> 1 Long L, Ormiston ML, Yang X, <i>et al</i>. Selective enhancement of endothelial BMPR-II with BMP9 reverses pulmonary arterial hypertension. <i>Nat. Med</i>. 2015;<b>21</b>: 777–785
Still waters run deep: latent cytokine activity in nonlesional psoriasis skin
Authors: A. Johnston, Z. Yin, J.E. Gudjonsson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Journal Article Still waters run deep: latent cytokine activity in nonlesional psoriasis skin Get access A. Johnston, A. Johnston Department of Dermatology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Z. Yin, Z. Yin Department of Dermatology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI U.S.ADepartment of Dermatology the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.E. Gudjonsson J.E. Gudjonsson Department of Dermatology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 174, Issue 1, 1 January 2016, Pages 19–20, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.14248 Published: 01 January 2016
Short-Term Antithyroid Drug Therapy for the Thyrotoxicosis of Graves's Disease
Authors: Monte A. Greer, Huldrick Kammer, Donald J. Bouma
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

We investigated whether thyrotoxic patients treated with short-term antithyroid therapy would achieve prolonged remissions. Thirty-one previously untreated and nine previously treated patients with thyrotoxic Graves's disease received a single daily dose of methimazole or propylthiouracil. The drug was stopped at, or shortly after, the time they became euthyroid. Twelve of the 31 previously untreated patients remained in remission for 29 +/- 3.5 months (mean +/- S.E.) after treatment for 4.5 +/- 0.3 months. Four of the nine previously treated have remained in remission of 13.0 +/- 2.1 months after treatment for 3.0 +/- 0.3 months. Of various possibilities analyzed, only a small goiter at the onset of therapy and tri-iodothyronine toxicosis were significantly favorable prognostic indicators that a remission would be maintained. The lasting remission rate is as good when antithyroid drugs are stopped as soon as the patient is euthyroid as when they are continued for one year or more.
Data on benefits of screening for sudden cardiac death are withheld
Authors: Deborah Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2016)

An Italian researcher who led the only group that has shown that screening young people reduces sudden cardiac death has refused to share the group’s data with other researchers and England’s health secretary.

Italy is one of the few countries in the world where young people who take part in sports are obliged to be screened for cardiac disorders that may put them at risk of sudden cardiac death.

Last year the UK National Screening Committee recommended against use of a questionnaire and electrocardiography to screen young people because the tests were not accurate enough to correctly identify conditions that could lead to sudden cardiac death without wrongly identifying many people with healthy hearts.

The debate over this type of screening was thrust into the spotlight last week after the England and Nottinghamshire batsman James Taylor was …
<i>Notes from the Field</i>: Respiratory Symptoms and Skin Irritation Among Hospital Workers Using a New Disinfection Product — Pennsylvania, 2015
Authors: Brie Hawley, Megan L. Casey, Jean M. Cox-Ganser, Nicole Edwards, Kathleen B. Fedan, Kristin J. Cummings
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

In March 2014, a new disinfection product, consisting of hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic acid, and acetic acid, was introduced at a Pennsylvania hospital to aid in the control of health care-associated infections. The product is an Environmental Protection Agency-registered non-bleach sporicide advertised as a one-step cleaner, disinfectant, and deodorizer. According to the manufacturer's safety data sheet, the product requires no personal protective equipment when it is diluted with water by an automated dispenser before use. On January 30, 2015, CDC's National Institute for Occupational Health (NIOSH) received a confidential employee request to conduct a health hazard evaluation at the hospital. The request cited concerns about exposure of hospital environmental services staff members to the product and reported symptoms among persons who had used the product that included eye and nasal problems, asthma-like symptoms, shortness of breath, skin problems, wheeze, chest tightness, and cough.
Isolated Deficiency of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
Authors: David Rabin, Irving Spitz, Bruno Bercovici, Julian Bell, Alexander Laufer, Robert Benveniste, Wolf Polishuk
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Isolated deficiency of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was found in a 22-year-old woman with primary amenorrhea. Pituitary growth hormone, ACTH and thyrotropin release, assessed either directly or indirectly, was normal. Serum luteinizing hormone levels were high, generally 50 to 90 mlU per milliliter, whereas serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels were undetectable (less than 3 mlU per milliliter). Serum estradiol-17β concentration was less than 10 pg per milliliter. Ovarian biopsy revealed primordial follicles but without maturation to the stage of antral formation. Administration of menotropins (human menopausal gonadotrophins), which contains urinary follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone, led to the appearance of readily detectable levels of follicle-stimulating hormone in the serum (between 10 and 20 mlU per milliliter)that fell to less than 3 mlU per milliliter 48 hours after the last injection of menotropins. Luteinizing hormone release was inhibited by intravenous injection of conjugated estrogen, with rebound to basal high values within three days. Serum luteinizing hormone levels were uninfluenced by clomiphene administration; follicle-stimulating hormone was not measurable because of development of antibodies to it. The defect in our patient may be at the pituitary rather than the hypothalamic level.
Autoantibodies to Ganglionic Acetylcholine Receptors in Autoimmune Autonomic Neuropathies
Authors: Steven Vernino, Phillip A. Low, Robert D. Fealey, John D. Stewart, Gianrico Farrugia, Vanda A. Lennon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Idiopathic autonomic neuropathy is a severe, subacute disorder with a presumed autoimmune basis. It is indistinguishable from the subacute autonomic neuropathy that may accompany lung cancer or other tumors. Autoantibodies specific for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the autonomic ganglia are potentially pathogenic and may serve as serologic markers of various forms of autoimmune autonomic neuropathy.We tested serum from 157 patients with a variety of types of dysautonomia. Immunoprecipitation assays with iodine-125-labeled epibatidine and solubilized human neuroblastoma acetylcholine receptors were used to detect autoantibodies that bound to or blocked ganglionic receptors.Ganglionic-receptor-binding antibodies were found in 19 of 46 patients with idiopathic or paraneoplastic autonomic neuropathy (41 percent), in 6 of 67 patients with postural tachycardia syndrome, idiopathic gastrointestinal dysmotility, or diabetic autonomic neuropathy (9 percent), and in none of 44 patients with other autonomic disorders. High levels of the binding antibodies correlated with more severe autonomic dysfunction (including the presence of tonic pupils). Levels of these antibodies decreased in patients who had clinical improvement. All seven patients with ganglionic-receptor-blocking antibodies had ganglionic-receptor-binding antibodies and had idiopathic or paraneoplastic autonomic neuropathy.Seropositivity for antibodies that bind to or block ganglionic acetylcholine receptors identifies patients with various forms of autoimmune autonomic neuropathy and distinguishes these disorders from other types of dysautonomia. The positive correlation between high levels of ganglionic-receptor antibodies and the severity of autonomic dysfunction suggests that the antibodies have a pathogenic role in these types of neuropathy.
OC-034 The diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy: test performance of novel paradigms: Abstract OC-034
Authors: M Hussein, Y Goh, B Youl, C D Jackson, M Y Morgan
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy remains problematic, mainly because the current validated methods for assessing this syndrome, the PHES battery and spectral analysis of the EEG, are not universally available. Current interest has, therefore, focused on more novel computer-based systems, the most recent being the Inhibitory Control test (ICT), which, it is claimed, is able using a threshold of five incorrect lure responses, to diagnose hepatic encephalopathy with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 77% (Bajaj <i>et al</i>, 2008). Experience with two other novel techniques viz: (i) the Sternberg paradigm (Sternberg, 1966), which is a computer-based, digit recognising task of memory scanning, and (ii) assessment of the ability to execute Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements (SPEM) (Montagnese <i>et al</i>, 2005) indicates that they have diagnostic potential. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the ICT, Sternberg paradigm and SPEM for the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy, in patients with cirrhosis, both used singly and in combination. <h3>Methods</h3> The patient population comprised 53 individuals (36 men, 17 women) of mean (range) age 57 (34–80) years, with biopsy-proven cirrhosis classified, using the West Haven criteria for mental state, the PHES test battery, and spectral analysis of the EEG, as either neuropsychiatrically unimpaired (n=34), or as having minimal (n=10) or overt (n=9) hepatic encephalopathy. The control population comprised 33 healthy volunteers (16 men, 17 women) of mean age 39 (21–70) years. The Sternberg and the ICT were performed using software programs supplied by the providers; SPEM assessments were performed using an infrared, video-based eye-tracking system. All the assessments were carried out under standard conditions, in a quiet, darkened room. Test thresholds, sensitivities and specificities were identified using ROC analysis. Binary logistic regression was used for a multivariate analysis of the test combinations. <h3>Results</h3> Both healthy volunteers and patients found the ICT difficult to perform and its diagnostic performance was inferior to that of the other two techniques (Abstract 034). The best diagnostic performance was observed with the Sternberg/SPEM combination. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The Sternberg test, used alone or in combination with SPEM, has excellent performance characteristics for the diagnosis of any degree of hepatic encephalopathy. The diagnostic performance of the ICT was disappointing.
Case 19-2010
Authors: David P. Ryan, Jeffrey A. Engelman, Cristina R. Ferrone, Dushyant V. Sahani, Mikhail Lisovsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 35-year-old man was seen in the outpatient cancer center at this hospital because of adenocarcinoma of the cecum. Three weeks earlier, he had passed bright red blood in the stool. Imaging studies revealed a mass in the cecum and the peritoneal and omental nodules. Colonoscopic-biopsy specimens of the cecal mass revealed adenocarcinoma. There was no family history of cancer. A management decision was made.
Restoration of Normal Pituitary Gonadotropin Reserve by Administration of Luteinizing-Hormone-Releasing Hormone in Patients with Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
Authors: Y. Yoshimoto, K. Moridera, H. Imura
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

To elucidate whether diminished pituitary gonadotropin reserve can be restored by repeated stimulation with luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone, plasma luteinizing hormone and follicly-stimulating hormone responses were studied before and after daily intravenous infusion of 400 mug of luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone for two to 23 days, in patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism of various causes. In five of nine patients with isolated gonadotropin deficiency, the impaired plasma luteinizing hormone response was restored to normal after treatment for seven days or more, whereas it was unchanged in four patients treated for less than five days. However, six patients with anorexia nervosa regained normal responses after three to five days' treatment. Five of nine patients with organic hypothalamopituitary lesions also showed normal responsiveness after five to seven days' treatment. These results suggest that the response to the test after repeated administration of luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone is of value for the diagnosis of hypogonadism of hypothalamic origin.
Intravenous Diazepam in the Treatment of Prolonged Seizure Activity
Authors: Arthur L. Prensky, Martin C. Raff, Michael J. Moore, Robert S. Schwab
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

RECENTLY intravenous diazepam (Valium) has been reported to be extremely effective in controlling "status epilepticus,"1 2 3 4 5 6 or what we prefer to call prolonged seizure activity. Both Gastaut et al.1 and Lombroso2 consider it to be the drug of choice in this disorder. Most of the patients that have been described have had a history of idiopathic epilepsy before prolonged seizure activity developed, and in all but a few, this activity has terminated abruptly with the initial injection. The quantities of medication used were small enough to permit the rapid return of consciousness, and no serious depression of respiration or blood pressure . . .
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Interferon Alfa-2b Alone and after Prednisone Withdrawal for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: R P Perrillo, E R Schiff, G L Davis, H C Bodenheimer, K Lindsay, J Payne, J L Dienstag, C O'Brien, C Tamburro, I M Jacobson, R Sampliner, D Feit, J Lefkowitch, M Kuhns, C Meschievitz, B Sanghvi, J Albrecht, A Gibas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Chronic hepatitis B is a common and often progressive liver disorder for which there is no accepted therapy. To assess the efficacy of treatment with interferon, we randomly assigned patients with chronic hepatitis B to one of the following regimens: prednisone for 6 weeks followed by 5 million units of recombinant interferon alfa-2b daily for 16 weeks; placebo followed by 5 million units of interferon daily for 16 weeks; placebo followed by 1 million units of interferon daily for 16 weeks; or observation with no treatment.
Roundtable—The Changing Oncology Landscape: Evolution or Revolution?
Authors: Roy Beveridge, John Fox, Susan A Higgins, Martin Kohn, John J Mahoney, Lee N Newcomer, Andrew von Eschenbach, Clifford Goodman
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2013)

Complex challenges face all players in the oncology landscape, from health care policy leaders and third-party payers, to practicing physicians and nurses, to patients and their families. In these unsteady economic times, possible answers proposed by some may represent part of the problem to others. A distinguished panel assembled at the NCCN 18th Annual Conference: Advancing the Standard of Cancer Care to explore the changing oncology landscape. This article is the synopsis of that discussion, with panelists shedding light on such issues as the astronomic cost of medical care, the need for clinicians to think outside the formulary, and the therapeutic decision-making process in the new world of “big data.”
Epstein-Barr Virus, the CNS, and AIDS-Related Lymphomas: As Close as Flame to Smoke
Authors: David T. Scadden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2000)

Article Tools EDITORIAL Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.19.3323 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11013270 Epstein-Barr Virus, the CNS, and AIDS-Related Lymphomas: As Close as Flame to Smoke David T. Scadden, MDxDavid T. ScaddenSearch for articles by this author Show More Massachusetts General Hospital, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2000.18.19.3323 Full Text PDF Figures and Tables "Epstein-Barr Virus, the CNS, and AIDS-Related Lymphomas: As Close as Flame to Smoke ." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 18(19), pp. 3323–3324© 2000 by American Society of Clinical Oncology