tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P96 Characteristics and outcomes of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients in a major urban centre in the UK: Abstract P96 Table 1.
Authors: GC Hagan, F Edwards, J Nation, H Kunst, M Dedicoat, N Nathani
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), defined as TB resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid is an expanding problem. 1.6% of TB isolates in the UK are MDR-TB, but rates are higher in some parts of the world. Treatment is usually 20–24 months and frequently associated with significant side effects. In our city, MDR-TB is mostly managed in two main hospitals. We sought to examine the characteristics and outcomes of our MDR-TB patients. Methods Patients from 1<sup>st</sup> Jan 2008 from one institution and 1<sup>st</sup> Jan 2009 from the other institution were included with a cutoff period of 1<sup>st</sup> May 2013 and follow up to 1<sup>st</sup> June 2013. Data was gathered from case note review and enhanced tuberculosis surveillance data. <h3>Results</h3> 31 patients were identified; demographics are shown in table 1. Site of TB was pulmonary in 18(58%) patients, lymph node in 10(32%), soft tissue in 2(6%), and intra-cerebral in 1(3%). 10(32%) patients were on standard anti TB treatment at time of diagnosis. 22(71%) patients developed side effects of treatment; these included ototoxicity (7 patients), gastrointestinal side effects (4 patients), hypothyroidism due to para-aminosalicylic acid or prothionamide (2 patients) and neuropsychiatric side effects from cycloserine (2 patients). 9(29%) patients underwent a surgical procedure; 7 for diagnosis and 2 to assist treatment (both lobectomies). Treatment was ongoing in 14(45%) patients and 11(35%) patients had completed treatment by the cutoff period. 4(12%) patients defaulted and 2 patients were transferred out during treatment (1 overseas, 1 to another UK centre). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The lack of MDR-TB risk factors in a proportion of patients underscores the importance of trying to obtain microbiological samples and utilisation of resistance mutation analysis. Side effects are frequent and treatment should be undertaken by physicians with expertise. The BTS MDR-TB service plays a valuable role in management of these complex patients.
Effectiveness of Initial Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Hanna K. Sanoff, YunKyung Chang, Joseph M. Stavas, Til Stürmer, Jennifer Lund
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

Background: Optimal administration of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), the standard approach for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), requires clinical and technical expertise. We sought to evaluate whether TACE retains its effectiveness when administered across a broad range of health care settings. Furthermore, as the use of yttrium90 (Y90) radioembolization has been increasing, we explored the comparative effectiveness of Y90 as an alternative to TACE. Methods: Patients with HCC diagnosed from 2004 through 2009 treated initially with TACE or Y90 were identified from the SEER-Medicare linkage. Key covariates included prediagnosis α-fetoprotein (AFP) screening, complications of cirrhosis, and tumor extent. Effect of treatment, patient, and health care system factors on overall survival (OS) was evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards. Stratified OS estimates are provided. Propensity score (PS) weighting was used to compare effectiveness of Y90 with TACE. Results: Of 1528 patients who underwent intra-arterial embolization, 577 received concurrent chemotherapy (eg, TACE). Median OS was 21 months (95% CI, 18–23) following TACE and 9 months (95% CI, 1–41) following Y90. Refined survival estimates stratified by stage, AFP screening, and liver comorbidity are presented. The 90-day mortality rate after TACE was 21% to 25% in patients with extrahepatic spread or vascular invasion. In the PS-weighted analysis, Y90 was associated with inferior survival, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.39 (95% CI, 1.02–1.90). Conclusions: The effectiveness of TACE is generalizable to Medicare patients receiving care in a variety of treatment settings. However, early posttreatment mortality is high in patients with advanced disease. We found no evidence of improved outcomes with Y90 compared with TACE. Survival estimates from this large cohort can be used to provide prognostic information to patients considering palliative TACE.
PWE-143 Factors predictive of survival following resection of either rectal or colonic liver metastases
Authors: S Rehman, S Robinson, S John, J J French, D M Manas, S A White
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> While colonic and rectal cancers are often considered as a single disease entity there is a growing body of evidence that these are in fact separate disease processes. While a variety of factors have been identified in the literature as predictive of outcome following resection of metastatic disease from colorectal primaries it is not known if colonic liver metastases (CLM) behave differently to rectal liver metastases (RLM). The aim of this study was to determine those factors which predict long-term survival following resection of either CLM or RLM. <h3>Methods</h3> We analysed a prospectively maintained Hepatobiliary database of 418 patients (with complete follow-up) who underwent liver resection for CRM between January 2000 and December 2010. The cohort was stratified according to the site of the primary tumour with rectal tumours being defined as those within 15 cm of the anal verge. Continous variables were compared with the Mann–Whitney U test whereas categorical variables were compared with χ<sup>2</sup> test. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan–Meier plots and significance assessed with log rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using a Cox-Regression model. A p value of &lt;0.05 was considered significant. <h3>Results</h3> 55% of patients had CLM (n=227) whereas 45% had RLM (n=191) (p=0.258). Patients with CLM were less likely to have node positive primary disease (52% vs 62%; p&lt;0.05). Overall 5-year survival was similar for both CLM and RLM (42% vs 45%; p=0.62). Following resection of CLM multivariate analysis identified a CEA ≥200 (OR 2.39; p&lt;0.01) and the presence of 4 or more tumours (OR 2.4; p&lt;0.05) as independent predictors of long term survival. While there was a strong trend towards poorer 5-year overall survival in those with a resection margin &lt;1 mm this did not reach statistical significance (p=0.383) on univariate analysis. Following resection of RLM the presence of a resection margin &lt;1 mm was the only independent predictor of survival (OR 2.86; p&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Overall 5-year survival following resection of both CLM and RLM is similar. Those factors which predict long-term survival following liver resection however differ and this may have implications for selecting those for intensive follow-up or who may be candidates for adjuvant therapy. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Commentary: Asbestos Fibers in the Colonic Wall
Authors: G. E. Westlake
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

As part of a long-term study, rats were fed a standard diet consisting of 65% cellulose, some casein, and a salt mix together with 6% of fairly pure chrysotile. After 3 months on this diet some of the rats were sacrificed and their colonic mucosa examined with the electron microscope. Two types of fixation were used: potassium permanganate and osmium. The permanganate gives very little cellular detail, but this is ideal in scanning large numbers of fields for asbestos fibers. The small chrysotile particles were easily distinguished by the typical concentric double tubule structure. These particles were found in the mucus of the goblet cells, within the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells, and down into the smooth muscle layers. We tried to eliminate the possibility of these findings being artifacts. Many of the fibers appeared in seciton, indicating that they had been embedded in the tissue at an angle to the knife and were genuine cell enclosures. To eliminate the possibility that fibers from the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract had been pushed into the section, we eliminated asbestos from the diet of other rats for 3 days, at which time no fibers could be found in the feces. Particles were still present in the tissues, although in smaller numbers, probably due to clearance processes. It was interesting to note that we could find no membrane surrounding the fibers in the cells; the fibers did not appear to be situated in lysosomes or phagosomes. This is in line with another study that we performed, looking at phagocytes with asbestos, in which some of the fibers appeared to be in the cytoplasm and not bounded by a membrane. Continued observation of the surviving rats did not reveal the development of any tumors. In another experiment we placed pellets of chrysotile in the pleural space of rats. After some months the pellets were organized by fibroblasts and invaded by histiocytes. Within the histiocytes we found phagocytic vacuoles containing asbestos. We also found that the characteristic structure of the chrysotile changed gradually, becoming amorphous. We postulated that some of the magnesium or silicate had been removed. We checked this by putting some chrysotile in an acid medium and found that there was leaching when the fibers were examined by the electron microscope. With appropriate staining methods we concluded that chrysotile can be broken down in lysosomes with the formation of polysilicic acids.
AMPULECTOMIA ENDOSCÓPICA EN EL DIAGNOSTICO Y TRATAMIENTO DE TUMORES AMPULARES
Authors: J Espinel Díez, E Pinedo Ramos, L Vaquero Ayala, B Alvarez Cuenllas
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Introducción: Las biopsias de los tumores ampulares (TA) pueden pasar desapercibido un carcinoma subyacente. La ampulectomía endoscópica (AE) puede ser un adecuado tratamiento del adenoma ampular pero no hay consenso sobre cómo y cuándo emplearla. La USE preoperatoria puede ser útil. Objetivo: Valorar la eficacia y seguridad de la AE como complemento diagnóstico y terapia de primera línea en los TA. Material y Método: Se revisaron 30 TA advertidos mediante endoscopia en los últimos 13 años. De ellos, se realizó AE en 10 (7 hombres, 3 mujeres; edad media: 70,3 años). La resecabilidad endoscópica se basó principalmente en el aspecto endoscópico (no signos aparentes de malignidad) y, en el 50% de los casos, en la histología obtenida en biopsia previa. No se realizó USE previa a la AE. La AE se realizó mediante técnica convencional y, posteriormente, se colocó una prótesis pancreática (PP)± biliar (PB)± tratamiento con argón, en la mayoría de casos. Resultados: Se realizó AE en una pieza en todos los pacientes (100%). El tamaño de las lesiones osciló entre 9 – 25 mm. Se colocaron PP en 8 pacientes (80%) y PB en 4 (40%). Hubo una hemorragia grave precoz (10%). El diagnóstico histológico final fué: adenoma con DBG (4 pacientes), adenoma con DAG-Ca in situ (2 pacientes), ADC infiltrante (4 pacientes). Hubo concordancia con la histología inicial en 3/5 casos (60%). La resección fue completa, con márgenes negativos, en 6 pacientes (60%). A cuatro pacientes se les indicó cirugía (ADC infiltrante). El seguimiento medio: 19,7 meses. Conclusiones: La AE es un eficiente método diagnóstico y terapéutico en TA inferiores a 3 cm. En lesiones de estas características puede no ser necesaria una USE. La biopsia previa es orientativa, pero no concluyente.
The Management of Diabetic Neuropathic Joints
Authors: Herbert Parsons, William S. Norton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

NEUROPATHIC joints occur infrequently as a manifestation of diabetic neuritis. This is a report of two cases of Charcot joints occurring in diabetic patients in which the progress of the degenerative process seemed to be arrested after lumbar sympathectomy.Case ReportsCase 1. S. B. (No. 18500), a 31-year-old woman, developed diabetes in 1938 at the age of 18. Her maternal grandmother had diabetes. During the first 6 years of her disease her condition was poorly controlled. She was twice admitted to the hospital in acidosis. In May, 1944, she developed an infection of the right 5th toe that took . . .
THU0357 Anti-Tnf Drug Survival in Axial SpA Patients Treated in Ordinary Clinical Practice - Results from Two Biorheuma Clinics in Norway
Authors: G. Bakland, S. Kalstad, D. Soldal, I. J. Widding Hansen, G. Haugeberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> RCTs indicate a stable efficacy of TNF-inhibitors for patients with axial Spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA). However, this may not necessarily reflect the situation encountered in an ordinary clinical practice[1]. <h3>Objectives</h3> We report drug survival of sequential TNF-inhibitors in patients with axial SpA. <h3>Methods</h3> We identified patients with ax-SpA who have been treated with TNF-inhibitors. Termination and/or change of therapy had been registered in our database. We performed survival analysis (KM), and survival time for sequential therapeutic regimens were compared using a Wilcoxon analyses. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 393 patients with axial SpA who started treatment with their first TNF-inhibitor. During the first year of therapy 134 (36 %) pts stopped the treatment. The proportion of pts continuing therapy after the first year and the subsequent 5 years was higher than 83 % for each year, and the cumulative drug survival seemed to reach a plateau after 5 years at 40 %. 128 pts started their second and 47 pts started their third or more TNF-inhibitor, and within the first year 59 (46.1%) and 14 (27.7 %), discontinued. Overall drug survival was significantly higher for the first TNF-inhibitor compared to the second (Wilcoxon statistic = 9.187, p=0.002). <h3>Image/graph</h3> <h3>Conclusions</h3> In an ordinary clinical setting, patients with ax-SpA have a significantly reduced drug survival for the subsequent TNF-inhibitor if they fail on, or do not tolerate, the first drug. For each sequence, the first year of treatment had the highest termination rate. <h3>References</h3> Sieper J, van der Heijde D, Dougados M, et al. Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: results of a randomised placebo-controlled trial (ABILITY-1). Ann Rheum Dis. 2012 Jul 7. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
UTILIDAD DEL CO2 EN ENDOSCOPIA CONVENCIONAL
Authors: J Carrascosa Gil, C Carretero Ribón, M Muñoz Navas, M Herráiz Bayod, C Prieto de Frías Frías, S De la Riva Onandía, M Betés
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Introducción: La endoscopia digestiva puede provocar disconfort durante y tras finalizar la misma debido a la retención de gas dentro del tracto gastrointestinal. El uso de dióxido de carbono (CO2) en vez de aire ambiente puede resultar útil al reducir la intensidad del dolor y la distensión abdominal de los pacientes, puesto que el CO2 se reabsorbe rápidamente en el intestino delgado y se excreta por los pulmones.
Courting Danger while Doing Good — Protecting Global Health Workers from Harm
Authors: Claire Panosian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Until the morning of February 26, 2010, the name Eddie Roach meant nothing to me. Then a desperate e-mail brought the 32-year-old self-described “global health missionary” into my life. Weeks earlier, Roach had been distributing handheld water purifiers in rural Uganda; now, according to his friend's SOS, he was in a Nevada intensive care unit awaiting dialysis and exchange transfusion. Diagnosis? Severe and complicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria.The critically ill Roach had actually sought help well before he lost consciousness in his friend's upstairs bedroom. Having become sick during his last days in Africa, he wanted to stop in London . . .
Familial Reduction in Red-Cell Cholinesterase
Authors: Richard J. Johns
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

IN 1956 several cases were reported in which there A was a familial reduction in plasma cholinesterase.1 , 2 Attention was called to this defect only because of prolonged apnea, which followed the administration of succinylcholine at surgery or electroshock therapy. Apart from this biochemical sensitivity to succinylcholine these patients were healthy and free of liver disease and had normal levels of red-cell cholinesterase.In the present case the red-cell cholinesterase activity was profoundly reduced whereas the plasma activity was normal. But for the unique circumstance of the patient's occupation the defect would not have been discovered for he was otherwise in . . .
The presumption of consciousness
Authors: Jonathan St. B. T. Evans
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Throughout this article the authors presume – without justification – that decision making must be a conscious process unless proved otherwise, and they place an unreasonably strict burden of proof on anyone wishing to claim a role for unconscious processing. In addition, I show that their arguments do not, as implied here, impact upon contemporary dual-process theories of reasoning and decision making.
P245 ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS ATTENUATES HEPATIC MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION IN MICE WITH NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS
Authors: J. Verbeek, M. Lannoo, E. Pirinen, D. Ryu, P. Spincemaille, I. Vander Elst, P. Windmolders, K. Thevissen, B.P.A. Cammue, J. van Pelt, C. Ceuterick-De Groote, P.P. Van Veldhoven, P. Bedossa, F. Nevens, D. Cassiman
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
ORGANIC AND HYSTERICAL ANESTHESIA
Authors: FREDRICK C. REDLICH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1945)

1. The galvanic skin response (GSR) elicited by pin prick and light touch was tested in seven patients with organic (traumatic) interruption of the peripheral sensory pathway; in one patient with complete (traumatic) transsection of the spinal cord and in seven patients with hysterical anesthesias. 2. A new method, of recording the GSR with the Grass electroencephalograph, as suggested by Luther Mays, is described and used. 3. In patients with organic anesthesias due to complete peripheral nerve and complete cord lesions no GSR could be obtained on stimulation of the anesthetic zone by pin prick and light touch. 4. In all hysterical patients the GSR elicited by stimulation of the anesthetic zone by pin prick and light touch was normal. 5. Thus the described test offers an objective method of differential diagnosis between organic and functional anesthesias. 6. The results of this investigation support the thesis that functional anesthesia is a result of inattention to the sensory input from the anesthetic area. Such inattention (or dissociation) may be, in rare and extreme cases, of a conscious nature as in malingering; or due to various degrees of repression from the conscious as in hysterical reactions. However, sympathetic responses in malingering and hysterical reactions do not differ.
Abstract SY02-04: Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling for prevention and treatment of basal cell carcinomas.
Authors: Ervin H. Epstein
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Basal cell carcinomas, the most common of human cancers, differ from many other cancers not only in their frequency but also in the great rarity with which they metastasize and their routinely high cure rate following surgery. Because all BCCs are driven by mutational activation of the hedgehog signaling pathway in the tumor cells, small molecule hedgehog inhibitors are a “natural” approach. Indeed, not only the rare metastatic and locally advanced BCCs but also the high number of smaller individually less aggressive BCCs in patients with the Gorlin syndrome respond extremely well to small molecule Hedgehog inhibitors. This illustrates that interfering with critical pathways not only can treat existing tumors but also can prevent even the development of new tumors. Citation Format: Ervin H. Epstein. Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling for prevention and treatment of basal cell carcinomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY02-04. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-SY02-04
IMPACT OF CYTOCHROME P450 2C19 LOSS-OF-FUNCTION POLYMORPHISM ON INTRA-STENT THROMBI AFTER EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT
Authors: Natsuko Tahara, Toshiro Shinke, Hiromasa Otake, Tomofumi Takaya, Tsuyoshi Osue, Akihide Konishi, Hiroto Kinutani, Masaru Kuroda, Hachidai Takahashi, Daisuke Terashita, Kenzo Uzu, Daiji Kashiwagi, Koji Kuroda, Yuto Shinkura, Yoshinori Nagasawa, Ken-ichi Hirata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Abstract 1983: Thymoquinone induces cell killing in glioblastoma cells through generation of DNA damage and cell cycle arrest
Authors: Ira O. Racoma, Robert M. Snapka, Altaf A. Wani
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common type of brain tumor in humans. Surgical resection followed by radiation and chemotherapy is the current standard treatment; however, due to the upregulation of several survival pathways, tumor recurrence is quite common with a median survival of 12 to 15 months. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of glioblastoma. Naturally occurring phytochemicals have steadily received much scientific attention, owing to the fact that many of these compounds have potent action against tumors. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the bioactive compound of the volatile oil extracted from the black seed, Nigella sativa. TQ has shown anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic actions with a selective cytotoxicity for human cancer cells compared to several normal cells. Here, we show that TQ is able to dose-dependently inhibit colony formation in three distinct glioblastoma cell lines (T98, U87 and Gli36), with the highly tumorigenic Gli36 being the most sensitive to the anti-proliferative effects of TQ. We also show that TQ induces persistent γ-H2AX activation, a marker of DNA double strand breaks, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. TQ also causes G2/M cell cycle arrest in GBM cells to a degree that correlates with the cells’ relative clonogenic sensitivity. Moreover, co-treatment with TQ and N-acetyl cysteine, a simple thiol nucleophile and antioxidant, prevented cell death, DNA double strand breaks, and cell cycle arrest. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that TQ is a potent inhibitor of GBM cell proliferation and growth, and that this effect may be mediated by generation of reactive oxygen species. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1983. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1983
Primary Pancreatic Choriocarcinoma Revealed on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Maohua Rao, Yue Chen, Yan Zhu, Zhanwen Huang, Li Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Choriocarcinoma is a cancer that usually occurs in the uterus during pregnancy. Extragonadal choriocarcinoma, although very rare, can occur. The diagnostic dilatation and curettage of the uterus in a 28-year-old woman who had vaginal bleeding and elevated human chorionic gonadotrophin level failed to identify any abnormality. FDG PET/CT revealed abnormal activity in the head of the pancreas. Pathological examination after partial pancreatectomy demonstrated primary choriocarcinoma in the pancreas.