tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTH-167 Clinico-pathological characteristics of patients under barrett’s surveillance at a tertiary referral centre
Authors: M Farrell, J Bornschein, S Zeki, M DiPietro, RC Fitzgerald
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Barrett’s oesophagus is a premalignant condition for the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Guidelines have been established to guide which patients should be included in endoscopic surveillances schemes. We evaluated the clinico-pathological characteristics of patients under surveillance at our tertiary referral centre including a large local practice, and compared patients with dysplastic lesions to those with non-dysplastic appearance of the Barrett’s mucosa. <h3>Method</h3> Clinico-pathological data has been retrieved from a prospective Barrett’s database for 551 patients (73.3% male, mean age 63.0+/-11.55 years), including patients with non-dysplastic Barrett’s and with different stages of dysplasia and intramucosal cancer. Patients without histological confirmation of Barrett’s mucosa and patients with more advanced adenocarcinomas were excluded from this analysis. Categorical data was compared using Fisher’s exact test, group comparison of metric data by the Mann-Whitney U- and the student’s t-test for age. Correlation analysis was done by Spearman’s rank correlation test. <h3>Results</h3> The study cohort comprised 227 patients with non-dysplastic Barrett’s (NDB), 110 classified as indefinite for dysplasia (ID), 146 with low grade dysplasia (LGD), 29 with high grade dysplasia (HGD), and 39 with intramucosal cancer (IMC). The mean number of consecutive endoscopies was higher for patients with dysplasia compared to NDB patients (NDB: 4.00, ID: 4.77, LGD 5.48, HGD: 8.62, IMC: 8.92; p &lt; 0.001). However, patients with HGD and IMC had a mean of 1.72 and 0.87 procedures prior to diagnosis, respectively. Patients with HGD and IMC are more likely to present with a lesion at first endoscopy (NDB: 9.3%, ID: 10.3%, LGD 9.0%, HGD: 24.1%, IMC: 41.1%; p &lt; 0.001). In the case of HGD these are mainly ulcers (17.2%) and nodules (6.9%), whereas for IMC these were mainly nodules (38.5%). The maximum extent of the Barrett’s mucosa (M-level) correlated positively with the patients’ age (r = 0.312, p &lt; 0.001), length of a present hiatus hernia (r = 0.278, p = 0.001) and the degree of pathological changes (r = 0.198, p &lt; 0.001). Patients with NDB showed more often oesophagitis than patients with dysplastic lesions (21.6% vs 8.4%, p &lt; 0.001), but in similar proportion to patients with ID (22.7%, p = 0.888). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The type of lesion at first presentation varies with the degree of the histopathological changes. IMC is shows more nodular appearance whereas presence of an ulcer indicates HGD. Oesophagitis is more often present at non-dysplastic stages. This needs to be confirmed in a prospective multicentre cohort. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Some Trends in Research on Cellular Differentiation and Morphogenesis&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Rita Levi-Montalcini
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1957)

Journal Article Some Trends in Research on Cellular Differentiation and Morphogenesis Get access Rita Levi-Montalcini Rita Levi-Montalcini Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 19, Issue 4, October 1957, Pages 609–641, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/19.4.609 Published: 01 October 1957 Article history Received: 28 May 1957 Published: 01 October 1957
IATROGENIC ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: A VERMEULEN, K VUYLSTEEK
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Heart in Hypertension
Authors: Robert C. Tarazi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Our understanding of cardiac involvement in hypertension has developed remarkably over the past decade. The heart was traditionally viewed only as a target organ adapting to the increased pressure load by hypertrophy and eventually failing if the load continued unremitted or was suddenly aggravated, particularly if complicated by the advent of coronary or myocardial disease. Many workers stressed the role of coronary atherosclerosis in the progression of this process; some even questioned whether hypertensive heart disease constituted a separate entity that could develop in the absence of coronary sclerosis.1 These impressions were based mostly on the clinical criteria for diagnosis, . . .
Detection of West Nile virus infection in horses, Italy, September 2008
Authors: P Macini, G Squintani, A C Finarelli, P Angelini, E Martini, M Tamba, M Dottori, R Bellini, A Santi, L Loli Piccolomini, C Po
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

Six confirmed and five suspected cases of West Nile virus infection in horses have been reported in the vicinity of Ferrara in Italy. To verify the diffusion of viral circulation and to prevent the spread of disease, the regional authorities of Emilia-Romagna adopted a special plan of West Nile fever surveillance.
AB0921 Impact of Urate Level on Cardiovascular Risk in Allopurinol Treated Patients. A Nested Case Control Study
Authors: K. Søltoft Larsen, A. Pottegård, H.M. Lindegaard, J. Hallas
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Gout gives rise to increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Gout attacks can be effectively prevented with urate lowering drugs such as allopurinol, and allopurinol further potentially reduces the cardiovascular risk. Whether treatment to a target level of uric acid is required to reduce cardiovascular risk is not known. <h3>Objectives</h3> We sought to investigate the effect of achieving target plasma urate with allopurinol on cardiovascular outcomes in a case control study nested within long-term users of allopurinol. <h3>Methods</h3> We identified all long-term users of allopurinol in Funen County, Denmark. Among these, we identified all cases of cardiovascular events (Antiplatelet trialist9s Collaboration composite endpoint) and sampled 4 controls to each case from the same population. The cases and controls were compared with respect to whether they reached a urate target below 0.36 mmol/l on allopurinol. The derived odds ratios were controlled for potential confounders available from data on prescriptions, laboratory values or in- and outpatient contacts. <h3>Results</h3> No association of treatment-to-target urate level below 0.36 mmol/l and cardiovascular events were found. Adjusted odds ratio for cardiovascular event between cases and controls was 1.01 (95% confidence interval 0.80 - 1.29). No significant effect was seen in any subgroup when stratifying by age, gender, renal function, allopurinol dose or the achieved urate level. Overall, the doses of allopurinol used in this study were low (mean $≈ $140 mg/d). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In our study, we were unable to demonstrate any effect of the achieved urate level in patients treated with allopurinol on cardiovascular events. However, the results are hampered by the low doses of allopurinol used. Possible explanations include that higher allopurinol doses are required to achieve cardiovascular risk reduction or that the putative effect of allopurinol on cardiovascular risk is not mediated through urate levels. It remains to be seen whether allopurinol has a dose-response relationship with cardiovascular events at higher doses. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> K. Søltoft Larsen Grant/research support from: Has participated in research projects funded by Menarini, with grants paid to institutions of employment and received personal fees, A. Pottegård: None declared, H. Lindegaard Grant/research support from: has received honoraria and/or participated in research projects funded by Berlin-Chemie/Menarini, Eli Lilly, MSD, Roche and Pfizer, J. Hallas Grant/research support from: has participated in research projects funded by Menarini and Nycomed/Takeda and received personal fees for teaching
A pilot, multi-dose, placebo-controlled evaluation of american ginseng (panax quinquefolius) to improve cancer-related fatigue: NCCTG trial N03CA
Authors: D. L. Barton, G. S. Soori, B. Bauer, J. Sloan, P. A. Johnson, C. Figueras, S. Duane, S. Dakhil, H. Liu, C. L. Loprinzi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

9001 Background: Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms in people diagnosed with cancer. Ginseng is a popular herb for treatment of this. It has been termed an “adaptogen”, felt to be able to restore balance to the body; its potential anti-fatigue efficacy is supported by animal data. The purpose of this pilot trial was to evaluate three doses of American Ginseng versus placebo for cancer-related fatigue. Methods: Patients with a life expectancy = 6 months and a history of cancer-related fatigue who had been experiencing fatigue = 1 month were eligible. Exclusion criteria included prior use of ginseng, chronic systemic steroids and brain malignancies. Other etiologies for fatigue, such as pain, were also excluded. Participants were randomized to receive, in a double blind manner, placebo, 750 mg/d, 1,000 mg/d or 2,000 mg/d of American Ginseng in BID dosing for 8 weeks. Endpoints included The Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), the Vitality Subscale of the SF-36 and several numeric analogue questions of perceived benefit; endpoints were measured at baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Area under the curve (AUC) and change from baseline were calculated. Results: Two hundred eighty two patients (69–72 per arm) were enrolled from 10/21/2005 to 07/05/2006. Available 8-week data are provided in the table below; higher numbers are better. There were no statistically significant differences in any grade of toxicity between active and placebo arms, and an equivalent number of patients discontinued the study due to adverse events in each arm. Conclusion: This randomized pilot trial provided data to suggest that American Ginseng doses of 1000–2000 mg/d may be effective for alleviating cancer related fatigue. Therefore, further study of American Ginseng in cancer survivors appears warranted. No significant financial relationships to disclose. [Table: see text]
Temporal Trends of Secondhand Smoke Exposure: Nonsmoking Workers in the United States (NHANES 2001–2010)
Authors: Binnian Wei, John T. Bernert, Benjamin C. Blount, Connie S. Sosnoff, Lanqing Wang, Patricia Richter, James L. Pirkle
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Background:The workplace is one of the major locations outside of the home for nonsmokers’ exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS). New policies in many U.S. states and localities restrict or prohibit smoking in the workplace, and information on current trends in the exposure of nonsmokers to SHS across various occupational groups is therefore needed.Objective:We evaluated temporal trends in SHS exposure among nonsmoking workers in the United States and identified those occupations with workers with the highest levels of SHS exposure.Methods:We combined serum cotinine (sCOT) measurements and questionnaire data from five survey cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES: 2001–2010). Trends in SHS exposure by occupations were determined from percent changes and least-squares geometric means (LSGMs) of sCOT concentrations computed using sample-weighted multiple regression models.Results:Between NHANES 2001–2002 and NHANES 2009–2010, LSGMs of sCOT levels had changed –25% (95% CI: –39, –7%) in nonsmoking workers. The largest decrease was identified among food preparation workers [–54% (95% CI: –74, –19%)], followed by white-collar [–40%, (95% CI: –56, –19%)] and blue-collar workers (–32%, 95% CI: –51, –5%). LSGMs of sCOT remained highest in food preparation workers in all survey cycles, but the gap between occupations narrowed in the latest survey cycle (2009–2010). For example, the gap in LSGMs of sCOT between food preparation and science/education workers dropped &gt; 70% during 2000 to 2010.Conclusions:During the period from 2001 to 2010, the overall SHS exposure in nonsmoking workers declined with substantial drops in food preparation/service and blue-collar workers. Although disparities persist in SHS exposure, the gaps among occupations have narrowed.Citation:Wei B, Bernert JT, Blount BC, Sosnoff CS, Wang L, Richter P, Pirkle JL. 2016. Temporal trends of secondhand smoke exposure: nonsmoking workers in the United States (NHANES 2001–2010). Environ Health Perspect 124:1568–1574; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP165
What to do about antimicrobial resistance
Authors: David L Heymann
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Successful eradication of smallpox and the treaty to reduce smoking may suggest the way

Before global activities to eradicate smallpox were intensified in 1967 an estimated two million people were dying each year of the infection, with blindness affecting up to 30% of survivors. A thermostable vaccine made eradication possible and stopped sickness and death from smallpox. By eradicating smallpox, the vaccine has also avoided the need for antibiotics to treat associated secondary bacterial infections and removed the potential of resistance developing to any antiviral drugs that might have been developed. Promoting and developing vaccines is therefore rightly among the 10 main recommendations for tackling drug resistant infections that are outlined in the final report of the Review on Antimicrobial Resistance chaired by Jim O'Neill.1

New or more effective vaccines could also prevent antimicrobial resistance in infections such as HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria, which are among today’s high mortality infections that depend on antimicrobial drugs to prevent or cure sickness. The report’s 10 recommendations follow the two World Health Organization global work plans and …
Reduction of Transplantability of Novikoff Hepatoma Cells Grown &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt; and the Consequent Protecting Effect to the Host Against Their Malignant Progenitor&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T. C. Hsu
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1960)

In 3 lines of the Novikoff rat hepatoma grown in vitro, the chromosome complement of the tumor cells showed drastic changes and the cells lost their transplantability. Susceptible animals, after receiving several inoculations of cells grown in vitro, became partially immune to the challenges of malignant Novikoff cells carried in vivo. It was proved that the cells inoculated as “antigen” must be viable but non-proliferative. Attempts to use as antigen the malignant cells in vivo irradiated at a dose which allowed survival, but no growth of tumors, also succeeded in protecting the hosts.
Existing general practitioner based system is adequate
Authors: I. Heath, W M. Styles
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR,—Jackie Morris acknowledges that general practitioners are responsible for the health care of 95% of older people.1 Regrettably, and with insufficient evidence, Morris then casts doubt on the quality of that care by proposing the creation of the post of community geriatrician. This suggestion could undermine the harmonious relationship that exists between most general practitioners and their colleagues in geriatric medicine; it strikes at the heart of the referral system.

The continuing care …
5α-reductase inhibitors and the risk of grade reclassification for men with long-term follow-up on active surveillance for prostate cancer.
Authors: Antonio Finelli, Narhari Timilshina, Maria Komisarenko, Robert Sowerby, Robert James Hamilton, Alexandre Zlotta, Neil Eric Fleshner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

92 Background: The role of 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) in prostatic diseases remains controversial because of an FDA black box label. We have previously published on the impact of 5-ARIs in men managed with active surveillance (AS), demonstrating their protective effect against progression. However, the long-term safety of 5-ARIs in the setting of AS has never been described, thus we sought to assess this. Methods: This is a single-institution, prospectively maintained, retrospective cohort study comparing men taking a 5-ARI versus no 5-ARI while on AS for PCa. Pathologic progression was evaluated and defined as Gleason score &gt; 6, maximum core involvement &gt; 50%, or more than 3 cores positive on a follow-up prostate biopsy. Time dependent covariate analysis to account for time on AS but not on 5-ARI was conducted to diminish the likelihood of overestimating the benefit. To account for differences in prostate volume at baseline between 5-ARI and non-5-ARI groups sensitivity analyses were performed, restricting men in the non-5-ARI group to those with larger glands (volume &gt; 40 ml). Kaplan-Meier analyses were conducted along with multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression modeling for predictors of pathologic progression. Results: The original cohort of 288 men on AS were analyzed. The median follow-up was 61.2 months (IQR: 29.8-95.24) with 124 men (43%) experiencing pathologic progression and 119 men (41.3%) abandoning AS. Men taking a 5-ARI experienced a lower rate of pathologic progression (24.3% vs 49.1%; p &lt; 0.001) and were less likely to abandon AS (25.7% vs 46.3%; p = 0.002). On multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis, lack of 5-ARI use was most strongly associated with pathologic progression (HR: 2.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.32-5.02). Sensitivity analyses done to account for gland size demonstrated that lack of 5-ARI use was still predictive of progression (HR: 2.76; CI, 1.45–5.25; p = 0.002). Importantly, 5-ARI use was not associated with increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer. Conclusions: 5-ARIs were associated with a significantly lower rate of pathologic progression and abandonment of AS in men with median follow-up of 5 years.
Cigarette Smoking Trends — Wisconsin, 1950-1988
Authors: P L Remington, M Soref
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Psychomotor activity as a correlate of Depression and sleep in acutely disturbed psychiatric inpatients
Authors: F G Foster, D J Kupfer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

Combining a lightweight telemetric mobility sensing system with nightly EEG-sleep recordings, the authors obtained continuous monitoring of rest-activity cycles among psychiatric patients hospitalized for primary depression or acute schizophreniform thought disorder. The patients with primary depression had a significantly higher percentage of their total 24-hour motor activity distributed during the night. Furthermore, this increased nocturnal motor activity did not correlate significantly with concurrent EEG-sleep measures of wakefulness. Indeed, the best predictors of wakefulness were measures of daytime activity. This desynchronization of sleep and nighttime motor activity in primary depression may explain the need for combined pharmacotherapy in some severely depressed patients. The authors suggest that expressing activity as a percentage distribution function, rather than in terms of absolute amplitude, provides an objective diagnostic index of depression.
p16INK4a Gene Inactivation by Deletions, Mutations, and Hypermethylation Is Associated With Transformed and Aggressive Variants of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas
Authors: Magda Pinyol, Francesc Cobo, Silvia Bea, Pedro Jares, Iracema Nayach, Pedro L. Fernandez, Emilio Montserrat, Antonio Cardesa, Elias Campo
Journal: Blood (1998)