tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serum prolactin levels in homosexual and bisexual men with HIV infection
Authors: J M Gorman, P A Warne, M D Begg, T B Cooper, H Novacenko, J B Williams, J Rabkin, Y Stern, A A Ehrhardt
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

Prolactin is a neurohormone that may be secreted in response to stress and also has regulatory effects on the immune system. Some, but not all, studies suggest that prolactin levels are higher than normal in persons with HIV infection. The authors measured prolactin levels in HIV-positive and HIV-negative homosexual and bisexual men to assess possible differences in levels and then examined relationships between prolactin level and measures of medical status, anxiety, depression, stress, and neuropsychological test performance.Blood for prolactin level determination was obtained from 121 HIV-seropositive and 79 HIV-seronegative homosexual and bisexual men enrolled in a longitudinal study. The men also underwent a daylong assessment that included medical, immunological, psychiatric, psychosocial, psychosexual, and neuropsychological evaluations.There was no statistically significant difference in serum prolactin level among the seronegative men, the seropositive men with no or minimal physical symptoms, and the seropositive men with significant physical symptoms of HIV infection. Furthermore, within the HIV-seropositive group, the correlations between serum prolactin level and measures of depression, anxiety, stress, and neuropsychological test performance were all nonsignificant.Serum prolactin level does not seem to respond to HIV infection or to be related to stress or psychiatric symptoms in HIV-infected men. As none of the subjects had AIDS, the possibility cannot be ruled out that prolactin level increases in very late stages of HIV infection.
Bone Fractures
Authors: Sharon Parmet
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Bone FracturesA bone fracture is a break in a bone.The soft tissue surrounding the break may also be injured.Most bone fractures are the result of injuries from falls or vehicle crashes, but fractures can also be caused by certain diseases.The May 5, 2004, issue of JAMA includes an article about external fixation (see below) to treat bone fractures.
The Mini-Mental State Test and Computerized Tomography
Authors: Luke Tsai, Ming T. Tsuang
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

In order to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the Mini-Mental State (MMS) test, the authors had 63 patients complete the test after undergoing computerized tomographic (CT) scans of the brain. Patients with positive CT scans scored significantly lower than those with negative CT scans. Further analysis showed that cerebral atrophy was more closely related to cognitive impairment than focal cerebral lesions only. The authors conclude that the MMS can discriminate organicity in some instances but that further refinement and modification of its subtests are needed for maximum usefulness.
Australian GPs warn patients of funding cuts through prescription campaign
Authors: Paul Smith
Journal: BMJ (2016)

GPs in Australia are using prescriptions to voice their concerns about health cuts ahead of the country’s Federal election on 2 July.

Hundreds of GPs have downloaded “anti-freeze” logos and printed them on their patient scripts. The messages read: “Danger: You and your family’s health is being targeted. The extended freeze on Medicare rebates means you will pay more.”

Doctors are angry about Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull’s federal budget, which extends for another two years a long running freeze on the subsidies to Medicare, Australia’s universal health insurance system.

The campaign points out that out-of-pocket health costs account for 20% of Australia’s total health spending compared with …
Karyotype and Survival in Human Acute Leukemia 2
Authors: P. H. Fitzgerald, J. W. Hamer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Karyotype and Survival in Human Acute Leukemia Get access P. H. Fitzgerald, P. H. Fitzgerald 3Director, Cancer Society of New Zealand Cytogenetics Unit, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. W. Hamer J. W. Hamer 4Hematologist, North Canterbury Hospital Board, Christchurch Hospital. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 56, Issue 3, March 1976, Pages 459–462, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/56.3.459 Published: 01 March 1976 Article history Received: 04 April 1975 Revision received: 09 September 1975 Accepted: 26 September 1975 Published: 01 March 1976
ATPase4A Autoreactivity and Its Association With Autoimmune Phenotypes in the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium Study
Authors: Janet M. Wenzlau, Pamela R. Fain, Thomas J. Gardner, Lisa M. Frisch, Bruno Annibale, John C. Hutton
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

Autoantibodies targeting the H+/K+-ATPase proton pump of the gastric parietal cell (parietal cell antibodies [PCA]) are diagnostic of atrophic body gastritis (ABG) leading to pernicious anemia (PA). PCA, ABG, and PA occur in increased frequency in patients with type 1 diabetes and their relatives and are considered “minor” components of forms of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS). A customized radioimmunoprecipitation assay was applied to 6,749 samples from the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium to measure ATP4A autoreactivity. Autoantibody prevalence was correlated with variants in HLA class II, PTPN22, and CTLA4 genes. With an ATP4A radioimmunoprecipitation assay, PCA were detected in sera from 20.9% of affected individuals. PCA prevalence increased with age and was greater in females (25.3%) than males (16.5%) and among Hispanics (36.3%) and blacks (26.2%) compared with non-Hispanic whites (20.8%) and Asians (16.7%). PCA and other organ-specific autoantibodies GAD65, IA-2, thyroid peroxidase (TPO), 21-hydroxylase (21-OH), and transglutaminase (TG) clustered within families with heritability estimates from 71 to 95%. PCA clustered with TPO, 21-OH, and persistent GAD65 autoantibodies but not with celiac (TG) or IA-2 autoantibodies. PCA-positive subjects showed an increased frequency of DRB1*0404, DPB1*0201, and PTPN22 R620W (rs2476601-T) and a decreased frequency of DRB1*0101, DPB1*0301, and CTLA4 CT60 (rs3087243-T). Genetic variants accounted for 4–5% of the heritable risk for PCA. The same alleles were associated with other autoantibody phenotypes in a consistent pattern. Whereas most of the heritable risk for PCA and other antibodies reflects genetic effects that are tissue specific, parietal cell autoimmunity is a major pathogenetic contributor in APS2.
Dose-Response Relationship in Radiogenic Breast Cancer
Authors: Irwin D. J. Bross
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Journal Article Dose-Response Relationship in Radiogenic Breast Cancer Get access Irwin D. J. Bross, Ph.D. Irwin D. J. Bross, Ph.D. Director of Biostatistics Roswell Park Memorial Institute Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 60, Issue 4, April 1978, Pages 727–728, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/60.4.727 Published: 01 April 1978
Dicer Elicits Paclitaxel Chemosensitization and Suppresses Cancer Stemness in Breast Cancer by Repressing AXL
Authors: Ting-Yu Chang, Hsin-An Chen, Ching-Feng Chiu, Yi-Wen Chang, Tsang-Chih Kuo, Po-Chun Tseng, Weu Wang, Mien-Chie Hung, Jen-Liang Su
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Paclitaxel is a standard-of-care chemotherapy for breast cancer, despite the increasing recognition of its poor effectiveness in the treatment of patients with advanced disease. Here, we report that adenovirus-type 5 E1A-mediated elevation of the miRNA-processing enzyme Dicer is sufficient to enhance paclitaxel sensitization and reduce cancer stem-like cell properties in this setting. Elevating Dicer expression increased levels of the AXL kinase targeting miRNA miR-494, thereby repressing AXL expression to increase paclitaxel sensitivity. We found that Dicer expression was regulated at the transcription level by E1A, through activation of an MAPK14/CEBPα pathway. Our findings define a mechanism of E1A-mediated chemosensitization for paclitaxel, which is based upon the suppression of breast cancer stem-like cells, with potential implications for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer patients. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3916-28. ©2016 AACR.
Amebiasis
Authors: Donald J. Krogstad, Harrison C. Spencer, George R. Healy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

AMEBIASIS, infection with the small protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, is present throughout the world. It is usually asymptomatic (commensal), but may produce dysentery, an intestinal mass lesion or extraintestinal lesions, particularly abscess of the liver.Two forms of the parasite are found in stool specimens: the cyst form (10 to 20 μm in external diameter) is predominant in formed specimens, and the actively motile trophozoite form (12 to 50 μm) in the mucoid and bloody stools of patients with symptomatic intestinal amebiasis. E. histolytica cysts passed in the stool are immediately infectious for others. Infection results only from ingestion of . . .
Abstract S4-07: Tamoxifen resistance driven by the DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3B in recurrent estrogen receptor positive breast cancer
Authors: R Harris, E Law, A Sieuwerts, K LaPara, B Leonard, G Starrett, NA Temiz, F Sweep, P Span, J Foekens, J Martens, D Yee
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Recent studies have implicated the DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3B as a major source of mutation in breast cancer. APOBEC3B explains a large proportion of both dispersed and clustered cytosine mutations, the latter of which are also called kataegis. APOBEC3B expression levels correlate with poor outcomes for patients with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. While targeted therapies, such as tamoxifen, are available to treat these tumors, secondary drug resistance often develops. Here we suppressed endogenous APOBEC3B in the estrogen receptor positive breast cell line MCF-7L with shRNA. Lowered levels of APOBEC3B did not affect in vitro growth or sensitivity to estradiol. In a xenograft model of tamoxifen therapy, suppression of APOBEC3B associated with prolonged responses to tamoxifen (p&amp;lt;0.05). Furthermore, APOBEC3B over-expression did not affect in vitro cell growth but accelerated the development of tamoxifen-resistant tumors in vivo. In addition, we studied two separate cohorts of 285 breast cancer patients who received first line treatment with tamoxifen for recurrent disease. High APOBEC3B expression levels measured in the primary tumor associated significantly with unfavorable progression free survival in multivariate analysis that included the traditional predictive factors (age, dominant relapse site, disease-free interval, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, and adjuvant chemotherapy; HR=1.67, p=0.0001). The median period of progression free survival was 7.5 months for patients with APOBEC3B high primary tumors and 13.3 months for those with APOBEC3B low tumors (p&amp;lt;0.0.0001). These studies demonstrate that APOBEC3B drives resistance to endocrine treatment with tamoxifen in recurrent disease. Citation Format: Harris R, Law E, Sieuwerts A, LaPara K, Leonard B, Starrett G, Temiz NA, Sweep F, Span P, Foekens J, Martens J, Yee D. Tamoxifen resistance driven by the DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3B in recurrent estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr S4-07.
Nursing Homes and Medical Care
Authors: Jerry Alan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

WITH special regard to medicine, nursing homes are at a critical turning point in their history. The issue is whether the nursing home will emerge as a genuinely medical institution or continue rather to be identified simply as a kind of substitute for the family dwelling. The turn that nursing homes will take at this crossroads will determine whether physicians will organize their practice to furnish effective treatment to the growing numbers of people in nursing homes.This paper treats the question of whether nursing homes may become more medically oriented, by examining, first, the organizational character of the nursing . . .
Abstract P3-07-68: Population-based validation study of Adjuvant! for primary breast cancer patients in the Netherlands
Authors: S Siesling, JJ van Kleef, R Bretveld, CGM Groothuis-Oudshoorn, J van der Palen, JJ Jobsen, H Struikmans
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background Adjuvant! is an online risk prediction tool that can support breast cancer patients and physicians in clinical decision-making regarding adjuvant systemic treatment. The aim of this study was to validate Adjuvant! on a Dutch population-based cohort of women diagnosed in 2003 and assess its calibration and discriminatory accuracy. Methods All Dutch patients diagnosed with invasive primary breast cancer in 2003 in the Netherlands meeting the criteria of Adjuvant!; unilateral, unicentric invasive breast cancer, no evidence of metastatic or residual disease, pathologically staged I-III and no pT4 features, were included. Local treatment consisted of breast conserving therapy or ablative surgery and axillary staging. Adjuvant systemic treatment was given according to national guidelines. Patient, tumor and treatment characteristics were retrieved from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Endpoints were ten-year overall survival, breast cancer specific survival and event free survival. Findings A total of 8,195 patients were included. Out of all patients, 4,389 (53.6%) received some form of adjuvant systemic therapy. Throughout a ten-year follow-up, 2,156 (26.3%) patients died and 1,953 (23.8%) patients developed a recurrent disease (locoregional, distant or contralateral invasive cancer or DCIS). Ten-year observed overall survival was underestimated by -1.4% (95% CI -2.3 to -0.4, p=0.006), breast cancer specific survival was underestimated by -3.3% (95% CI -4.1 to -2.6, p&amp;lt;0.0001) and event free survival was underestimated by -3.5% (95% CI -4.5 to -2.6, p&amp;lt;0.0001). Discrimination was moderate for overall survival and breast cancer specific survival but poor for event free survival. Interpretation Adjuvant! does not accurately predict breast cancer specific survival and event free survival in this Dutch population-based study. Dutch patients showed better ten-year survival rates than predicted by Adjuvant!. For specific patient groups, the model could be used to estimate overall survival. We conclude that Adjuvant! should be used with caution in clinical practice in the Netherlands but probably also in other countries and the US. Citation Format: Siesling S, van Kleef JJ, Bretveld R, Groothuis-Oudshoorn CGM, van der Palen J, Jobsen JJ, Struikmans H. Population-based validation study of Adjuvant! for primary breast cancer patients in the Netherlands. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-68.
Multiregion Whole-Exome Sequencing Uncovers the Genetic Evolution and Mutational Heterogeneity of Early-Stage Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Katja Harbst, Martin Lauss, Helena Cirenajwis, Karolin Isaksson, Frida Rosengren, Therese Törngren, Anders Kvist, Maria C. Johansson, Johan Vallon-Christersson, Bo Baldetorp, Åke Borg, Håkan Olsson, Christian Ingvar, Ana Carneiro, Göran Jönsson
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Cancer genome sequencing has shed light on the underlying genetic aberrations that drive tumorigenesis. However, current sequencing-based strategies, which focus on a single tumor biopsy, fail to take into account intratumoral heterogeneity. To address this challenge and elucidate the evolutionary history of melanoma, we performed whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing of 41 multiple melanoma biopsies from eight individual tumors. This approach revealed heterogeneous somatic mutations in the range of 3%–38% in individual tumors. Known mutations in melanoma drivers BRAF and NRAS were always ubiquitous events. Using RNA sequencing, we found that the majority of mutations were not expressed or were expressed at very low levels, and preferential expression of a particular mutated allele did not occur frequently. In addition, we found that the proportion of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation-induced C&amp;gt;T transitions differed significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.001) between early and late mutation acquisition, suggesting that different mutational processes operate during the evolution of metastatic melanoma. Finally, clinical history reports revealed that patients harboring a high degree of mutational heterogeneity were associated with more aggressive disease progression. In conclusion, our multiregion tumor-sequencing approach highlights the genetic evolution and non-UVB mutational signatures associated with melanoma development and progression, and may provide a more comprehensive perspective of patient outcome. Cancer Res; 76(16); 4765–74. ©2016 AACR.
Decision analysis in non-small-cell lung cancer: not back to the drawing modeling board, back to the bedside.
Authors: T J Smith, B E Hillner, R B Mitchell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1997.15.3.870 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 9060522 Decision analysis in non-small-cell lung cancer: not back to the drawing modeling board, back to the bedside. T J SmithxT J SmithSearch for articles by this author , B E HillnerxB E HillnerSearch for articles by this author , R B MitchellxR B MitchellSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1997.15.3.870 First Page PDF © 1997 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
A Novel Channelopathy in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Hiroyuki Morita, Issei Komuro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

BACKGROUND-Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a devastating disease with high mortality.Familial cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension are usually characterized by autosomal dominant transmission with reduced penetrance, and some familial cases have unknown genetic causes.METHODS-We studied a family in which multiple members had pulmonary arterial hypertension without identifiable mutations in any of the genes known to be associated with the disease, including BMPR2, ALK1, ENG, SMAD9, and CAV1.Three family members were studied with whole-exome sequencing.Additional patients with familial or idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension were screened for the mutations in the gene that was identified on wholeexome sequencing.All variants were expressed in COS-7 cells, and channel function was studied by means of patch-clamp analysis.RESULTS-We identified a novel heterozygous missense variant c.608 G→A (G203D) in KCNK3 (the gene encoding potassium channel subfamily K, member 3) as a disease-causing candidate gene in the family.Five additional heterozygous missense variants in KCNK3 were independently identified in 92 unrelated patients with familial pulmonary arterial hypertension and 230 patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.We used in silico bioinformatic tools to predict that all six novel variants would be damaging.Electrophysiological studies of the channel indicated that all these missense mutations resulted in loss of function, and the reduction in the potassium-channel current was remedied by the application of the phospholipase inhibitor ONO-RS-082.
ESGE Newsletter
Authors: B. Kampf, T. Makowski, H. Weiss, H. Henn, M. Hoeschen-Luemmen, T. Brümmer, R. Blum, K. Wietfeld
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Welcome to the February issue of the Endoscopy newsletter. This month it is given over to a technical matter – the categorization of different endoscope models. You will be aware of the international standard EN ISO 15883-4 that sets out the requirements and tests for washer-disinfectors for heat-sensitive endoscopes. This standard groups endoscopes into different generic “families,” and this grouping will also be used in future standardization and guidelines. However the “endoscope families” are not defined and therefore ESGE and ESGENA (European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates) are providing a definition here.
Enrichment of extracellular vesicles from tissues of the central nervous system by PROSPR
Authors: Xavier Gallart-Palau, Aida Serra, Siu Kwan Sze
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2016)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as key mediators of intercellular communication and are secreted and taken up by all cell types in the central nervous system (CNS). While detailed study of EV-based signaling is likely to significantly advance our understanding of human neurobiology, the technical challenges of isolating EVs from CNS tissues have limited their characterization using 'omics' technologies. We therefore developed a new Protein Organic Solvent Precipitation (PROSPR) method that can efficiently isolate the EV repertoire from human biological samples. In the current report, we present a novel experimental workflow that outlines the process of sample extraction and enrichment of CNS-derived EVs using PROSPR. Subsequent LC-MS/MS-based proteomic profiling of EVs enriched from brain homogenates successfully identified 86 of the top 100 exosomal markers. Proteomic profiling of PROSPR-enriched CNS EVs indicated that > 75 % of the proteins identified matched previously reported exosomal and microvesicle cargoes, while also expanded the known human EV-associated proteome with 685 novel identifications. Similarly, lipidomic characterization of enriched CNS vesicles not only identified previously reported EV-specific lipid families (PS, SM, lysoPC, lysoPE) but also uncovered novel lipid isoforms not previously detected in human EVs. Finally, dedicated flow cytometry of PROSPR-CNS-EVs revealed that ~80 % of total microparticles observed were exosomes ranging in diameter from ≤100 nm to 300 nm. These data demonstrate that the optimized use of PROSPR represents an easy-to-perform and inexpensive method of enriching EVs from human CNS tissues for detailed characterization by 'omics' technologies. We predict that widespread use of the methodology described herein will greatly accelerate the study of EVs biology in neuroscience.