tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Imaging Using Dual-Head Coincidence Positron Emission Tomography Without Attenuation Correction in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: MOONSUN PAI, CHAN H. PARK, JUNG-HO SUH, JOONG-HWA KOH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Purpose: An accurate, preoperative assessment of tumor extent and lymph node involvement is necessary to plan and tailor therapy for patients with head and neck cancer. Metabolic imaging with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a good method to detect primary tumors in the head and neck and to assess the involvement of lymph nodes, but it is not widely available because of the high cost of positron emission tomography (PET). Recently, an alternative method for using FDG was developed: coincidence detection PET (CoDe PET) using a gamma camera. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of FDG CoDe PET using a gamma camera in patients with head and neck cancer. Materials and Methods: Thirty FDG CoDe PET studies without attenuation correction were performed in seven patients before therapy and in 19 patients after therapy (ages: 25-79 years, mean, 50 ± 13 years; 18 men, 8 women) with various head and neck cancers. All patients had fasted for 6 to 12 hours and were injected with 111 to 370 MBq F-18 FDG 1 hour before imaging. Visually detectable focal FDG uptake in the primary tumor site or in the neck was considered positive except for physiologic uptake. The FDG CoDe PET studies were correlated with MRI. The gold standard for the presence of disease was the combination of repeated MRIs, endoscopic examination, and 3 months of follow-up clinical evaluation. Results: FDG CoDe PET had a detection rate that was comparable to that of MRI in the pretherapy group. However, in the posttherapy group, FDG CoDe PET could differentiate residual tumor or tumor recurrence from radiation change more accurately than could MRI. However, it had a less accurate detection rate for cervical node metastases because of asymmetric neck muscle uptake. Conclusions: FDG CoDe PET is a sensitive and cost-effective method to detect primary tumor and lymph node involvement in primary head and neck cancers. It is also useful in differentiating residual tumor or tumor recurrence from posttherapy changes in patients with head and neck tumors.
Frequencies of Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Heteroploid Cell Lines of Human Melanoma Origin&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T R Chen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Sister chromatid exchange(s) (SCE) per cell and chromosome in five heteroploid cell lines and sublines of human melanoma origin were distinctly more numerous than those in the normal diploid control. The SCE per unit chromosome length was higher in stable heteroploid C32 (0.041–0.047) and C9 (0.056) than in normal diploid control C182 (0.036), which suggested that the longer the total chromosome length of the cell genome, the higher the SCE per cell as well as per unit chromosome length. These malignant heteroploid lines had karyotypes ranging from hypodiploidy to hypotriploidy and were extremely heterogeneous in one cell line but unusually homogenous and stable in others. However, none of these properties could be correlated to the increase in SCE frequency. As compared to C32-r7, the subline C32-RO had more SCE per cell, chromosome, and unit chromosome length for the genome as well as for 9 of 11 individual chromosomes and chromosome groups. In contrast, the C32-RO specific ring marker chromosome had only 40% of the SCE of its nonring homologue in C32-r7 cells. Interestingly, C32-RO and its ring marker were less stable than C32-r7 and the nonring marker during in vitro growth. There was no noticeable difference between C32-r7 and its derivative C32-r7-nu-1, which implied that transplantation into nude mice did not alter the expression of SCE in this subline.
SYMPATHETIC DENERVATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH MICROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION IN NON-INFARCTED MYOCARDIUM IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Mischa Rijnierse, Cornelis Allaart, Stefan de Haan, Hendrik Harms, Marc Huisman, LiNa Wu, Aernout Beek, Adriaan Lammertsma, Albert van Rossum, Paul Knaapen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
O10.04 * THE RANDOMIZED, MULTICENTER GLARIUS TRIAL INVESTIGATING BEVACIZUMAB/IRINOTECAN VS STANDARD TEMOZOLOMIDE IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED, MGMT-NON-METHYLATED GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS: FINAL SURVIVAL RESULTS AND QUALITY OF LIFE
Authors: U. Herrlinger, N. Schafer, J. P. Steinbach, A. Weyerbrock, P. Hau, R. Goldbrunner, B. Leutgeb, H. Urbach, W. Stummer, M. Glas
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: There is a need for more effective therapies in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) patients with an MGMT-non-methylated tumor. The GLARIUS trial explored the efficacy of bevacizumab (BEV) + Irinotecan (IRI) as compared to standard TMZ in the first-line therapy of MGMT-non-methylated GBM. The primary endpoint progression-free survival after 6 months (PFS-6) has already been reported as being markedly increased in the BEV/IRI arm (Herrlinger et al., ASCO 2013, LBA 2000). The present report focuses on progression-free survival, overall survival (OS) and quality of life (QoL). METHODS: Patients (n = 170) with newly diagnosed, MGMT-non-methylated glioblastoma received local radiotherapy (RT, 30 x 2 Gy) and were randomized (2:1) for experimental therapy with BEV (10 mg/kg q2w) during RT followed by maintenance BEV (10 mg/kg q2w) + IRI (125 mg/m2 q2w) or standard therapy with daily TMZ (75 mg/m2) during RT followed by 6 courses of TMZ (150-200 mg/m2/day for 5 days q4w). For 5 prespecified dimensions of the EORTC-QLQ C30 and BN20 questionnaires (global health status, physical functioning, social functioning, motor dysfunction, communication deficit as prespecified domains), the time to deterioration by at least 10 points was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier statistics. RESULTS: With BEV/IRI, PFS was significantly prolonged from a median of 5.9 months (95%CI 2.7-6.2 months) to 9.7 months (95%CI 8.5-10.6 months, p < 0.0001; hazard ratio 0.57, 95%CI 0.41-0.79). At progression, the crossover rate was 60.4% (TMZ to BEV/(IRI) and 61.9% (BEV/IRI to TMZ). OS did not show any difference between the two arms: median OS was 16.6 months (95%CI 15.4-18.35 months) in the BEV/IRI arm and 17.3 months (95%CI 14.8-20.4 months). In all prespecified dimensions of QoL, the time to deterioration was not significantly different between the treatment arms. CONCLUSION: BEV/IRI therapy was superior to TMZ regarding PFS but OS was not prolonged. BEV/IRI therapy did not alter QoL as compared to TMZ therapy.
Detection of Tubular Intestinal Duplication by a Meckel's Scan
Authors: G O Bruno, D Navacchia, S Soardo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Pertechnetate abdominal scintigraphy is used frequently to detect Meckel's diverticulum in infants with lower gastrointestinal bleeding, because pertechnetate is concentrated actively by the gastric mucosa contained in some diverticula. Other conditions, such as intestinal duplication with ectopic gastric mucosa, also can be identified using this method.
234 THE IMPACT OF COMORBIDITY ON POST LIVER TRANSPLANT SURVIVAL AND RESOURCE UTILIZATION IN PATIENTS TRANSPLANTED FOR ACUTE LIVER FAILURE UTILIZING THE CHARLSON COMORBIDITY INDEX
Authors: M.A.B. Al-Freah, B. Kok, W. Bernal, G. Auzinger, N.D. Heaton, J.G. O'Grady, M.A. Heneghan, J.A. Wendon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Abstract 5428: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme inhibition potentiates taxanes and doxorubicin activity in thyroid cancer cell lines
Authors: Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Guojing Zhang, Suresh S. Ramalingam, Fadlo R. Khuri, Shi-Yong Sun
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Thyroid cancer is the fastest growing cancer in the US. Doxorubicin, the only approved medical therapy, has limited efficacy; therefore alternative treatment options are warranted. We previously showed increased cytotoxicity when HDAC inhibitor was combined with taxanes and carboplatin in lung cancer cell lines. We now studied the combination of HDAC inhibitor and cytotoxic agents in thyroid cancer cell lines. Exponentially growing cells (Cal 62, PTC1, and BCPAP) were treated by continuous exposure for 72 hrs to vehicle or increasing concentrations of doxorubicin, paclitaxel or docetaxel ± fixed concentration of LBH589. Surviving cell fraction was estimated by sulforhodamine B (SRB) colorimetric assay. IC50 concentration was determined by non-linear regression modeling of OD measurements. In a separate experiment, Western blot assay for markers of apoptosis (caspase and PARP cleavage), cell cycle regulation (p21, p27) and tubulin acetylation was performed using cell lysates from cells treated for 48 hrs with IC50 concentration of chemotherapy drugs ± LBH589. Similarly treated cells were analyzed for changes in cell cycle distribution using propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. Doxorubicin, docetaxel and paclitaxel showed potent nanomolar activity with up to 80% reduction in the IC50 concentrations when combined with LBH589 (paclitaxel: 0% - 70%; docetaxel: 60% - 84%; doxorubicin: 2% - 65%). Flow cytometry showed qualitative evidence for increased cell death with a 1.5 to 6-fold increase in the subG1 apoptotic cell fraction with combined doxorubicin and LBH589 versus doxorubicin alone. The increased cytotoxicity correlated with increased PARP cleavage and increased p21 protein expression; p27 induction by doxorubicin was not augmented by co-treatment with LBH589. HDAC inhibition augments in vitro cytotoxicity of microtubule and DNA-damaging agents in thyroid cancer cell lines. This combination deserves further evaluation in this disease.DrugIC50 Concentrations in Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines (nM) BCPAPCAL 62PTC1 − L+L− L+L− L+L Paclitaxel3.60.641.310.538.6631.365Docetaxel6.9852.1450.710.282.252.25Doxorubicin34.2512.142278.6778.7188.542LBH569 16.84 11.94 22.71Flow Cytometry Analysis Following Propidium Iodide Staining BCPAPCAL 62PTC1TreatmentVDoxDox + LVDoxDox + LVDoxDox + L%Sub G145.5456.362.286.825.6766.775.456.914.21V: Vehicle;Dox: Doxorubicin;L: LBH589Full details of Western blot assay and complete flow analysis to be presented at the meeting.Acknowledgement: Taofeek Owonikoko, Suresh Ramalingam, Fadlo Khuri and Shi-Yong Sun are all supported by the Georgia Cancer Coalition as Distinguished Cancer Scholars. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5428.
Abstract 124: Hypoxia-inducible miR-210 is involved in hypoxia-induced cell migration and invasion in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Alan KL Kai, Regina CL Lo, Joyce MF Lee, Jack CM Wong, Irene OL Ng
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract MicroRNA dysregulation is implicated in many human malignancies, yet little is known regarding the regulatory mechanisms of these small noncoding RNAs. Hypoxia is a prevalent tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and plays a key role in modulating tumor aggressiveness. In the present study, we investigated the effects of hypoxia on microRNA expression in human HCC. First, we examined the miRNA expression profiles with TaqMan human microRNA Low-Density Array on HCC cell lines put under normoxic and hypoxic conditions to identify expression changes of microRNA. From the 664 microRNAs examined, miR-210 was overexpressed in SMMC-7721, Huh-7 and MHCC-97L HCC cell lines under 0.1% O2 hypoxic condition. The hypoxic induction of miR-210 was further validated in another two HCC cell lines (Hep3B and PLC/PRF/5) by individual real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and the same expression pattern was observed, suggesting that miR-210 is consistently induced in HCC cells under hypoxic conditions. The abundance of mature human miR-210 was also examined by qPCR in a human HCC cohort consisting of 48 pairs of primary HCC tissues and their corresponding non-tumorous livers. We found that miR-210 expression was significantly higher in the HCC tissues as compared with the corresponding non-tumorous livers (P=0.0003). Furthermore, we used the hypoxia marker carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) coupled with microdissection technique to isolate tissue samples in the peri-necrotic areas, which are considered pathologically hypoxic, in clinical formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) HCC samples. We extracted the microRNA from the tissues and compared the miR-210 expression with those from histologically preserved HCC areas away from necrotic areas. In line with the in vitro observations, with qPCR, miR-210 was remarkably overexpressed in hypoxic HCC regions. Furthermore, miR-210 overexpression significantly and inversely correlated with the overall survival and disease-free survival rates (P= 0.029 and 0.043, respectively) of HCC patients, indicating that overexpression of miR-210 in HCC was associated with a poorer prognosis. The biological function of the miR-210 induction in HCC was also investigated. Notably, with transwell and cell invasion assays, we demonstrated that the cell migratory and invasive abilities of SMMC-7721 were dramatically enhanced during hypoxia, and this enhancement was abolished upon miR-210 suppression using locked nucleic acid (LNA) inhibitor. Taken together, our present data indicate that miR-210 is a hypoxia-inducible microRNA in HCC, which may enhance HCC aggressiveness under hypoxic conditions. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 124. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-124
Lung Cancer Rates in White Males Leveling Off
Authors: F. X. Mahaney
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Lung Cancer Rates in White Males Leveling Off Get access Francis X. Mahaney, Jr. Francis X. Mahaney, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 2, 15 January 1992, Pages 83–84, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.2.83 Published: 15 January 1992
Abstract 2249: Slug Expression is predictive marker of lymph node metastasis and prognosis in colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Yuji Toiyama, Hiromi Yasuda, Susumu Saigusa, Yasuhiro Inoue, Chikao Miki, Hiroki Hori, Masato Kusunoki
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Slug is a member of the snail family of transcription factors, plays a crucial role in the regulation of epithelisal-mesenchymal transition(EMT) by suppressing several epithelial markers. In this study, we investigated the clinical significance of Slug expression in colorectal cancer and identified the function of Slug gene in vitro. Methods: Slug gene expression in surgically resected colorectal carcinoma of 184 patients were quantified by real-time quantative reverse transcription-PCR to assess the association between Slug expression and clinicopathologic factors and survival. To identify the function of Slug RNA interference (RNAi) was used to inactivate this gene in the colon cancer cell line SW480. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to characterize the pattern of Slug expression in colorectal cancer. Results: Slug expression in cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in normal tissue and significantly higher in patients with invasive tumor stage, lymphatic invasion, lymph node involvement, liver metastasis and advanced TNM stage. Increased Slug expression demonstrated a significantly associated with poor prognosis and independent prognostic factor not only in all colorectal cancer patients but also in patients with curative intent. Furthermore, increased Slug expression was an independent marker for predicting lymph node metastasis. Function of Slug gene investigated by RNAi have ability of cell proliferation and invasive ability to basal membrane in cancer cell line and this protein was mainly expressed in the invasive front of the tumor. Conclusions: Slug is up-regulated in human colon cancer and seems to play a role in cancer invasion from primary lesion. Our present data might be suggested that quantification of slug gene in colorectal cancer could be useful marker to identify the patients with lymph node positive or with poor prognosis in curative intent. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2249.
Abstract 1866: Stable isotope resolved metabolomics of colorectal cancer cells treated with inhibitor of monocarboxylate transporter-1.
Authors: Bo Tan, Ming-Shang Kuo, Matthew D. Breyer, Ling Liu, Yang Zhao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The rationale of this cell based study was to examine the metabolic effects of a synthetic monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) inhibitor (AR-C155858) on multiple cellular metabolites in colorectal tumor cells using [1,2,3,4,5,6-13C6]-D-glucose or [1,2,3,4,5-13C5]-D-glutamine as the single precursor metabolic tracer. DiFi colorectal cancer cells were cultured for 24 hrs in the presence of 0.1% DMSO (vehicle control) or 100 nM of MCT-1 inhibitor. Intracellular glycolysis intermediates measured by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) included phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), phosphoglycerate (PG), fructose 1,6 bisphosphate (FBP), Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), Gluconate-6-phosphate, glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate (G3P), ribose-5-phosphate (R5P), seduheptulose-7-phosphate (S7P), pyruvate, and lactate. TCA cycle intermediates measured included malate, α-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, and citrate. Both glutamine and glutamate were also measured. Increases in PEP, PG3, G6P, Gluconate-6-phosphate, G3P, S7P, pyruvate, and lactate were induced by MCT1 inhibitor when traced with 13C6 glucose. When traced with 13C5 glutamine, PEP, G6P, S7P, pyruvate, and lactate were increased by MCT1 inhibitor. In contrast, decreases in α-ketoglutarate and glutamate were seen with both tracers. Citation Format: Bo Tan, Ming-Shang Kuo, Matthew D. Breyer, Ling Liu, Yang Zhao. Stable isotope resolved metabolomics of colorectal cancer cells treated with inhibitor of monocarboxylate transporter-1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1866. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1866
Postoperative Chemotherapy and Delayed Radiation in Children Less Than Three Years of Age with Malignant Brain Tumors
Authors: Patricia K. Duffner, Marc E. Horowitz, Jeffrey P. Krischer, Henry S. Friedman, Peter C. Burger, Michael E. Cohen, Robert A. Sanford, Raymond K. Mulhern, Hector E. James, Carolyn R. Freeman, F. Glen Seidel, Larry E. Kun
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Among patients with malignant brain tumors, infants and very young children have the worst prognosis and the most severe treatment-related neurotoxic effects. Therefore, in 1986, the Pediatric Oncology Group began a study in which postoperative chemotherapy was given in order to permit a delay in the delivery of radiation to the developing brain.Children under 36 months of age with biopsy-proved malignant brain tumors were treated postoperatively with two 28-day cycles of cyclophosphamide plus vincristine, followed by one 28-day cycle of cisplatin plus etoposide. This sequence was repeated until the disease progressed or for two years in 132 children 24 months of age at diagnosis and for one year in 66 children 24 to 36 months of age at diagnosis. After this, the patients received radiation therapy. The response to the first two cycles of chemotherapy was measured in 102 patients with residual postoperative disease.The first two cycles of cyclophosphamide and vincristine produced complete or partial responses in 39 percent of the 102 patients who could be evaluated. The response rates were highest among patients with medulloblastomas, malignant gliomas, or ependymomas. Patients with brain-stem gliomas or embryonal tumors (primitive neuroectodermal tumors) had little or no response. The progression-free survival rate was 41 percent at one year for children who were 24 to 36 months old at diagnosis and 39 percent at two years for those under 24 months of age at diagnosis. Multivariate analysis identified embryonal tumors as a significant adverse prognostic feature (relative risk, 2.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.4 to 3.4) and complete resection as a favorable feature (relative risk, 0.33; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.20 to 0.54). Complete responses to chemotherapy were associated with a progression-free survival rate approaching that achieved with gross total resection. A comparison of cognitive evaluations obtained at base line and after one year of chemotherapy revealed no evidence of deterioration in cognitive function.Chemotherapy appears to be an effective primary postoperative treatment for many malignant brain tumors in young children. Disease control for one or two years in a large minority of patients permitted a delay in the delivery of radiation and, on the basis of preliminary results, a reduction in neurotoxicity. For patients who had undergone total surgical resection or who had a complete response to chemotherapy, the results are sufficiently encouraging to suggest that radiation therapy may not be needed in this subgroup of children after at least one year of chemotherapy.
To Make the Patient Ready for Anesthesia: Medical Care of the Surgical Patient.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

REVIEWSwhat the objectives are.It might have been valuable, however, to have stressed the importance of bacteriologic examination of synovial fluid removed at the time of intraarticular corticosteroid therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in whom there are one or two joints with inflammation out of proportion to other involved joints.As an introduction to the general approaches to diag- nosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, this book should be useful and interesting for generail and primary care internal medicine physicians, medical and family practice residents, medical students and primary care nurses.