tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract ED3-1: Genome-wide association studies in cancer: Insights in cancer etiology
Authors: Stephen J. Chanock
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in cancer have already discovered over 100 novel regions of the genome associated with cancer risk. For nearly all regions conclusively identified by GWAS, the estimated per allele effect sizes are less than 1.3 and the susceptibility alleles are common, with minor allele frequencies greater than 5%. Each common allele appears to confer a small effect overall, underscoring the complex nature of common genetic variants that contribute to primary carcinogenesis. Interestingly, none of the variant markers associated with etiology have been strongly associated with outcomes, such as metastatic disease or survival, which suggests that common genetic variation may influence distinct processes important for carcinogenesis as opposed to those associated with disease progression. GWAS have also demonstrated that the spectrum of cancers could have distinct genomic architectures (e.g., differential contributions of alleles with a range of frequencies and effect sizes). GWAS have identified perhaps as many as 30 regions in the genome associated with prostate cancer, whereas for lung cancer, only three so far, and one of them on chromosome 15q24/25 is also strongly associated with smoking behavior phenotypes. This observation could be related to the strong environmental effect of smoking on lung cancer. It is also notable that GWAS have mapped multiple cancers to two distinct regions, 8q24 and 5p15.33. Consequently, follow-up studies are needed to map the most promising variants, preferably in different populations that can point investigators towards the optimal variants for studies designed to investigate plausibility for the association. Consequently, parallel laboratory investigation of each region can lead to new insights into novel pathways and mechanisms associated with carcinogenesis. Though there has been considerable discussion of the promise of common variants as markers for disease risk, it is too early to apply the common variants to clinical and public health venues. The success of GWAS has opened new horizons for exploration and highlighted the complex genomic architecture of disease susceptibility. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):ED3-1
Passive smoking doubles risk of heart disease
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Regular exposure to second hand smoke nearly doubles the risk of coronary artery disease, according to a major study which is bound to have profound public health implications.

The study, led by Ichiro Kawachi of the Harvard School of Public Health, followed 32046 healthy, non-smoking women enrolled in the nurses health study for a period of 10 years ( Circulation 1997;95:2374-9). The nurses health study is a longitudinal health data survey involving over 121 000 nurses that started in 1976.

When the passive smoking part of the study started in 1982, the women, aged 36-61, filled out detailed questionnaires in which they indicated their exposure to second hand smoke at home and in the workplace, including the number of years in which they …
PWE-127 Two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials of linaclotide in adults with irritable bowel syndrome: effects on quality of life
Authors: R T Carson, S Tourkodimitris, B E Lewis, J M Johnston
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Linaclotide, a minimally absorbed guanylate cyclase-C receptor agonist, is an investigational drug for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) that has shown statistically significant improvements in abdominal and bowel symptoms in two Phase 3 clinical trials. IBS-C is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects a significant portion of the population and leads to reduced quality of life (QOL). <h3>Methods</h3> Data evaluating the efficacy and safety of oral once-daily linaclotide 290 μg (N=748) vs placebo (N=742) in patients with IBS-C were pooled from two Phase 3 clinical trials. Patients meeting modified Rome II criteria for IBS-C were randomised to receive either linaclotide or placebo treatment for 12 weeks. The Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) questionnaire, comprising 34 items, each with a 5-point response scale (1= “not at all” through to 5= “extremely” or “a great deal”), was completed at baseline and also at the end of the treatment period. The IBS-QOL is scored “overall” and by eight subscales (Dysphoria, Interference with Activity, Body Image, Health Worry, Food Avoidance, Social Reaction, Sexual and Relationships). The change from baseline to week 12 scores were analysed using an analysis of covariance model. The IBS-QOL response rates (ie, patients with ≥10-point and ≥14-point increase) for the treatment groups were compared using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel stratified by geographical region. <h3>Results</h3> The changes from baseline in the IBS-QOL “overall” score and seven of the eight subscale scores (Dysphoria, Body Image, Health Worry, Food Avoidance, Social Reaction, Sexual and Relationships) were statistically significant for linaclotide-treated patients vs placebo-treated patients (p&lt;0.0001 for each comparison). The percentage of responders for the IBS-QOL “overall” score was statistically significantly greater for linaclotide-treated patients vs placebo-treated patients at week 12 (64.3% linaclotide-treated patients vs 52.6% placebo-treated patients for ≥10-point change; 53.8% linaclotide-treated patients vs 39.1% placebo-treated patients for ≥14-point change). The most common adverse event among linaclotide-treated patients was diarrhoea. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Compared with placebo, once-daily linaclotide treatment for 12 weeks significantly improved “overall” QOL scores and seven out of eight important QOL domains, as measured by the IBS-QOL, in adults with IBS-C. <h3>Competing interests</h3> R T Carson Employee of: Forest Research Institute, S Tourkodimitris Employee of: Forest Research Institute, B E Lewis Employee of: Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, J M Johnston Employee of: Ironwood Pharmaceuticals.
GW25-e5344 Improvement of left ventricular myocardial perfusion after acidic fibroblast growth factor delivered by using ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction in diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats: an preliminary study
Authors: Tian Xinqiao, Zheng Lei, Zhao Yingzheng, Zhang Ming, Ru Ao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Inclusion of children with airway disease for the development of spirometry reference data
Authors: Sooky Lum, Janet Stocks
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

We wish to thank A. Hüls and colleagues for their interest in our recent paper [1], and the opportunity to clarify the rationale behind the conclusions we reached, which differ from their own. Despite the title of their letter, it is important to emphasise that we did not recommend inclusion of symptomatic children, those with a prior history of adverse exposures, or those with a current respiratory illness such as asthma, when establishing spirometric reference equations, where international standards regarding definition of health may need to be adhered to. Indeed we state clearly in the discussion that under such circumstances the target sample size may have to be increased by at least 30% to account for such exclusions, a proportion not dissimilar to that reported by Hüls et al . [2] What was demonstrated by our results is that when carrying out epidemiological studies such as the SLIC study (Size and Lung function In Children)[3], the primary aim of which was to ascertain the extent to which ethnic differences in lung function can be attributed to differences in physique and socioeconomic factors, inclusion criteria can be broader without biasing results. This not only renders the results more generalisable but has considerable practical and economic benefits. Excluding current/chronic lung disease, population samples for children's lung function can be relatively inclusive <http://ow.ly/X0enM>
Hospital Outbreak of Infections with<i>Salmonella newington</i>
Authors: Franklin A. Neva, Richard J. Nelson, Maxwell Finland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

CASES of infection with Salmonella newington were found with unusual frequency at the Boston City Hospital during the latter part of 1949 and early in 1950. A survey of the records of the bacteriological laboratory of this hospital¶ revealed that strains of this type of salmonella had been isolated from 57 persons during the eighteen-month period between November, 1948, and April, 1950, but had not previously been encountered for several years. In view of the relative infrequency of infections in man with S. newington,1 , 2 and because the cases from which the strains were isolated were found over so long . . .
Abstract 3489: In silico analysis of angiogenesis pathway as a prognostic tool in breast cancer
Authors: Rutika J. Mehta, Rohit K. Jain, Yesim Gökmen-Polar, Sunil Badve
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Gene expression profiling studies have enabled us to study breast cancer biology at a molecular level. Studies have been geared at identifying better and comprehensive prognostic markers for the development of targeted therapeutics. With the growing use of anti-angiogenic agents as second line agents, we aim to study the prognostic role of angiogenesis related genes through retrospective analyses of publicly available breast cancer gene expression datasets. Three gene expression datasets from studies by van't Veer et al, Sorlie et al., and Sotiriou et al were analyzed. The data was downloaded from the BRB Array Tools archives and analyzed using BRB Array Tools. Since, we were particularly interested in genes related to angiogenesis; we selected the (CGAP) angiogenesis subset for the purpose of survival analyses. Two endpoints, overall survival (OS) and relapse free survival (RFS), were analyzed. Data for OS was not available for van't Veer et al. A subset analysis for estrogen receptor positive cases was performed. HIF1A was prognostic for OS and RFS in all datasets. VEGF was associated with survival only in ER+ cases. EGFR is prognostic for RFS but not OS. Several other angiogenesis genes were noted to affect prognosis in terms of OS and RFS (Table 1). Analysis of other publically available datasets will be undertaken to further validate these findings in ER+ and negative subgroups of breast cancer. These analyses highlight the importance of VEGF as an important marker among ER+ breast cancer patients. Thus, anti-angiogenic agents targeting VEGF may appear to play an important therapeutic role in this subset of patients. The analysis provides additional evidence of the importance of HIF1A in breast cancer. This may help identifying sub-populations of breast cancer that are most likely to respond to targeted therapies. Further immunohistochemical validation in in-vitro models will be performed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3489. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3489
Abstract 1062: Combinatorial expression of histone modifying enzymes differentiates Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors from mesenchymal stem cells and other sarcomas
Authors: Idriss M. Bennani-Baiti, Dave Aryee, Heinrich Kovar
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) regroups mesenchymal tumors of bone and soft tissues that affect mostly children and young adults. ESFT is characterized by genetic lesions that include chromosomal translocations that generate de novo chimeric fusion oncoproteins between the TLS/EWS/TAF15 family of RNA-binding proteins and members of the ETS family of transcription factors. Contrary to the progress made in uncovering the genetic bases of Ewing's sarcoma, much remains to be discovered in the epigenetic mechanisms underlying ESFT pathogenesis. We have recently shown that alterations in the expression of EZH2 (a.k.a. KMT6), a methyltransferase that catalyzes the H3K27me3 mark, and of LSD1 (a.k.a. KDM1A), an H3K4me3 demethylase, contribute to ESFT pathology and can be targeted with drugs to curtail Ewing's sarcoma cell growth in vitro (EZH2 and LSD1) and in vivo (EZH2). To start deciphering the contribution of epigenetic modifiers to ESFT pathology, we surveyed the expression of all known histone modifying enzymes (HMEs) in four ESFT patient cohorts, totaling 96 tumors. We used the Ican analytical method to infer gene expression significance compared to a mesenchymal stem cell benchmark, as previously reported (Clin. Cancer Res 16: 3769-78, 2010). We show that, in addition to EZH2 and LSD1, several HMEs are up-regulated in ESFT compared to mesenchymal stem cell progenitors, indicating that the combinatorial activities of several HMEs are likely to promote an ESFT-specific epigenomic landscape. These findings represent the first extensive analysis of HMEs in ESFT, suggest a role of HMEs in ESFT pathogenesis and/or maintenance, and offer putative drug targets that may provide much needed novel ESFT epigenetic therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1062. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1062
YOUTH SOCCER ATHLETES’ INVOLVEMENT IN DIFFERENT SPORT PRACTICE CONTEXTS
Authors: AJ Santos, HM Carvalho, CE Gonçalves
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

The sport can serve as an informal educational context, helping the youth development positive values and healthy habits. The ecological theories give importance to the contexts where the individual are inserted and to the involvement time on those, through the Process-Person-Context-Time model. The orientation to performance or to socialization and healthy habits can promote different values and behaviors in the youth athletes. We aim to: a) examine the contextual effects in youth soccer players; b) observe the effects of a season involvement in the developmental assets, attitudes and enjoyment; c) examine the sport involvement effects according to age in the developmental assets, attitudes and enjoyment in sport. The participants (n=135) were male soccer players aged 12–18 years ( M =15, SD =2) from three different contexts: Professional Club (n=45), Amateur Urban Club (n=46), Amateur Rural Club (n=44). They fulfilled the Sources of enjoyment in youth sport questionnaire, Developmental Assets Profile and to Sport Attitudes Questionnaire. A multilevel analysis was performed. The Professional Club athletes reveal lower levels of assets, enjoyment and sport attitudes than the other contexts athletes, suggesting a disadvantage context for positive development. The sport involvement during a soccer season has negative effects in the athletes’ enjoyment and attitudes, revealing that a season exposure leads to athletes perceive less interest in being involved in those sport contexts. This findings reinforces the solicitudes of sport contexts influences in athletes development, as well the need to promote enjoyable and pro-social practice environment to augment the interest in being involved in sport.
Postorchiectomy Intrascrotal Hematoma Mimicking Local Recurrence on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Harmandeep Singh, Punit Sharma, Sudhir Suman K. C., Rama Mohan Reddy, Chandrasekhar Bal, Arun Malhotra, Rakesh Kumar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Intratesticular hematomas usually develop immediately after orchiectomy is done for testicular tumors and may last for 3 to 6 weeks or longer. They may be confused with local recurrence on clinical examination and imaging. We present the (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) images of a 30-year-old man who underwent right radical transinguinal orchiectomy for seminoma. PET/CT done 8 weeks after orchiectomy revealed a soft tissue lesion in the right scrotum with increased FDG uptake, suspicious for local recurrence. However, on color Doppler ultrasonography of the scrotum, the mass was confirmed to be a hematoma.
Abstract 839: Chemotherapeutic sensitization of drug-resistant lung cancer cells by doxorubicin and leptomycin B
Authors: Chuanwen Lu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The development of novel targeted therapies has become an important research focus for lung cancer treatment. Our previous study has shown leptomycin B (LMB) significantly inhibited proliferation of lung cancer cells; however, p53 wild type lung cancer cells were resistant to LMB. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a novel therapeutic strategy to sensitize LMB-resistant lung cancer cells by combining LMB and doxorubicin (DOX). Among the different treatment regimens, pre-treatment with DOX (pre-DOX) and subsequent treatment with LMB to A549 cells significantly decreased the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) as compared to that of LMB alone (4.4 nM vs. 10.6 nM, P &amp;lt; 0.05). Analysis of cell cycle and apoptosis by flow cytometry further confirmed the cytotoxic data. To investigate molecular mechanisms for this drug combination effects, p53 pathways were analyzed by Western blot, and nuclear proteome was evaluated by two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry (MS). In comparison with control groups, the levels of p53, phospho-p53 (ser15), and p21 proteins were significantly increased while phospho-p53 (Thr55) and survivin were significantly decreased after treatments of pre-DOX and LMB (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The 2D-DIGE/MS analysis identified that sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) had a significant increase in pre-DOX and LMB-treated cells (P &amp;lt; 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that drug-resistant lung cancer cells with p53 wild type could be sensitized to cell death by scheduled combination treatment of DOX and LMB through activating and restoring p53 as well as potentially other protein(s)/pathway(s). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 839. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-839
AB1284 Validity of a computer-assisted manual segmentation software to quantify erosion volume on wrist using computed tomography scans in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: M. Carotti, A. Ariani, M. Gutierrez, J. Morbiducci, S. Gasparini, W. Grassi, G. Giuseppetti, F. Salaffi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the performance of radiography for the detection of wrist bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using multidetector computed tomography (CT) as the reference method, and to assess the validity of a computer-assisted manual segmentation software to quantify erosions’ volume on wrist CT scans. <h3>Methods</h3> With CT as the reference method, the overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (concordance) of radiography for detecting erosions were 21.4%, 89.5% and 67.2%, respectively. Erosion volume on CT measurements per subject ranged from 0.001 cm<sup>3</sup> to 2.6 cm<sup>3</sup>. Spearman’s RAMRIS score of individual wrist bones in all persons (n=23) correlated with the total erosion volume on CT (p&lt;0.0001) and with the ratio between erosion volume and the corresponding bone volume on a percentage basis (rho=0.944; p&lt;0.0001). The total Sharp/van der Heijde erosion score of the all wrist bones did not correlate with the RAMRIS and total volume erosion measurement on CT (p=0.08, p=0.165, respectively). <h3>Results</h3> With CT as the reference method, the overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (concordance) of radiography for detecting erosions were 21.4%, 89.5% and 67.2%, respectively. Erosion volume on CT measurements per subject ranged from 0.001 cm<sup>3</sup> to 2.6 cm<sup>3</sup>. Spearman’s RAMRIS score of individual wrist bones in all persons (n=23) correlated with the total erosion volume on CT (p&lt;0.0001) and with the ratio between erosion volume and the corresponding bone volume on a percentage basis (rho=0.944; p&lt;0.0001). The total Sharp/van der Heijde erosion score of the all wrist bones did not correlate with the RAMRIS and total volume erosion measurement on CT (p=0.08, p=0.165, respectively). <h3>Conclusions</h3> With CT as the reference method, the radiograph showed very low sensitivity. The tested volumetric method was highly correlated to scores of erosions on CT. The volumetric method will require further evaluation in terms of interobserver reliability, with examination of responsiveness in longitudinal studies. <h3>References</h3> Rosset et al. OsiriX: an open-source software for navigating in multidimensional DICOM images. J Digit Imaging 2004;17 (3): 205-16. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
DOES BASELINE FIBROUS CAP THICKNESS PREDICT THE VASCULAR RESPONSE TO STATIN THERAPY? A SERIAL OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Lei Xing, Jingbo Hou, Jiannan Dai, Yoshiyasu Minami, Takumi Higuma, Guang Yang, Xuefeng Ren, Hang Lee, Shaosong Zhang, Bo Yu, Ik-Kyung Jang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Incidence of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas in Italy
Authors: A. S. Costantini, P. Crosignani, R. Zanetti, P. Vineis
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Incidence of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas in Italy Get access Adele Seniori Costantini, Adele Seniori Costantini Centro per lo Studio e la Prevenzione OncologicaFlorence, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paolo Crosignani, Paolo Crosignani Servizio di Epidemiologia, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura deiTumoriMilan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Roberto Zanetti, Roberto Zanetti Registro Tumori Piemonte, Unità di Epidemiologia dei TumoriTurin, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paolo Vineis, Paolo Vineis Servizio di Epidemiologia dei Tumori, Ente Convenzionato Universita-USL VIIITurin Correspondence to : Paolo Vineis, M.D., Servizio di Epidemiologia dei Tumori, Ente Convenzionato Università-USL VIII, via Santena 7, 10126 Turin, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar the Working Group on the Epidemiology of Hematolymphopoietic Malignancies in Italy the Working Group on the Epidemiology of Hematolymphopoietic Malignancies in Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 16, 19 August 1992, Pages 1277–1278, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.16.1277 Published: 19 August 1992 Article history Received: 26 May 1992 Accepted: 04 June 1992 Published: 19 August 1992