tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Criticism of misguided Chu et al. article
Authors: Malcolm Potts, Caitlin Gerdts, Ndola Prata, Friday Okonofua, Nuriye Hodoglugil, Nap Hosang, Karen Weidert, Ashley Fraser, Suzanne Bell
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

Chu, Brhlikova and Pollock's article suggests the WHO rethink its decision to include misoprostol on the Essential Medicines List. Their paper is a sad example of workers in an elite setting advocating policies with the potential to endanger the lives of thousands of vulnerable women in low-resource settings.

The self-administration of misoprostol, or use by traditional birth attendants, is the most immediate and practical solution to help the least developed countries move towards achieving Millennium Development Goal 5.1 It is true that in some studies oxytocin performs marginally better than misoprostol,2 but as mentioned by Chu et al., oxytocin administration is not currently feasible in most low-resource settings. Misoprostol presents an opportunity to achieve some semblance of health equity.3

The paper is also methodologically and ethically flawed. It reviews the 172 published papers on the use of misoprostol to control postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) in the framework of high-quality obstetric services and it explicitly omits studies that are not randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, RCTs are often impossible to conduct in most low-resource settings where maternal death rates are highest. The paper by Prata et al4. included in the review, in fact, was not an RCT. In the case of misoprostol, an undisputed powerful uterotonic, the most practical RCT would compare misoprostol to a placebo, since the reality in low-resource settings leaves only these two options. Consequently, a RCT would randomly allocate the risk of death to women in the control arm when we know that misoprostol might have the potential to save their lives.

Since Chu et al. conducted their review; a RCT in Belgaum India found 400 μg sublingual misoprostol to be more effective than 10 IU intramuscular oxytocin, as measured by blood loss (mean blood loss 192 ± 124 mL with misoprostol and 366 ± 136 mL blood loss with oxytocin).5 These data, together with compelling literature from non-RCTs in low-resource settings, strongly endorse the WHO's decision, which weighed all of the evidence, with considerations of the larger context and implications. A reversal of their decision would only hurt the very women that Chu et al. purport to be helping.
Abstract 3658: Sulforaphane suppresses 12-<i>O</i>-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse epidermal JB6 P+ cell transformation through epigenetic re-activation of Nrf2.
Authors: Zheng-Yuan Su, Limin Shu, Chengyue Zhang, Tin Oo Khor, Jong Hun Lee, Tien-Yuan Wu, Allan H. Conney, Ah-Ng Tony Kong
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate in cruciferous vegetables including broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, and watercress, has strong anti-cancer/cancer chemopreventive potentials. Transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an important role in regulating the expressions of cellular antioxidant and detoxification enzymes. In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of SFN on tumor promoter-induced transformation in mouse skin epidermal JB6 promotion-sensitive (JB6 P+) cells, which might be involved with the activation of Nrf2. After 5 days pre-treatment, the results showed that SFN significantly inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced neoplastic transformation. SFN enhanced nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and increased the Nrf2 downstream target enzymes including HO-1, NQO1, and UGT1A1 at both the transcriptional and protein levels. Comparing to shMock-transfected cells, TPA effectively induced colony formation in shNrf2 knockdown transfected cells were more resistant to the inhibitory effects of SFN. SFN's induction of Nrf2, HO1, and NQO1 protein expressions in shNrf2-transfected cells were lower than those in shMock-transfected cells. Epigenetics study showed that SFN suppresses methyltion ratio of the first fifteen CpGs in the promoter of Nrf2 gene in JB6 P+ cells utilizing bisulfite sequencing. Furthermore, SFN strongly reduced the protein expressions of DNA methyl transferases (DNMTs) including DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b. In terms of histone deacetylases (HDACs), SFN not only inhibited total HDAC activity but also decreased the protein levels of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC4, significantly. Taken together, these findings suggest that epigenetic re-activation of Nrf2 with subsequent induction of Nrf2 downstream target genes by SFN may provide insights into the chemopreventive mechanism of SFN against tumor promoter-induced mouse skin carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Zheng-Yuan Su, Limin Shu, Chengyue Zhang, Tin Oo Khor, Jong Hun Lee, Tien-Yuan Wu, Allan H. Conney, Ah-Ng Tony Kong. Sulforaphane suppresses 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse epidermal JB6 P+ cell transformation through epigenetic re-activation of Nrf2. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3658. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3658
Stat Bite Cause of Death and Death Certificate Errors
Authors: Lou Fintor
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Stat Bite Cause of Death and Death Certificate Errors Get access Lou Fintor Lou Fintor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 21, 6 November 1991, Pages 1527–1528, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.21.1527 Published: 06 November 1991
Lymphoma Patients Secondary to Congenital and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndroms in a Turkish Pediatric Oncology Center
Authors: Nurdan Tacyildiz, Gulsah Tanyildiz, Gulsan Yavuz, Emel Unal, Handan Dincaslan, Derya Ozyoruk, Zulfukar Gordu, Aydan Ikinciogullari, Dogu Figen, Gurses Sahin
Journal: Blood (2014)
A Single Intravenous Infusion of Gamma Globulin as Compared with Four Infusions in the Treatment of Acute Kawasaki Syndrome
Authors: Jane W. Newburger, Masato Takahashi, Alexa S. Beiser, Jane C. Burns, John Bastian, Kyung Ja Chung, Steven D. Colan, C. Elise Duffy, David R. Fulton, Mary P. Glode, Wilbert H. Mason, H. Cody Meissner, Anne H. Rowley, Stanford T. Shulman, Venudhar Reddy, Robert P. Sundel, James W. Wiggins, Theodore Colton, Marian E. Melish, Fred S. Rosen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Treatment of acute Kawasaki syndrome with a four-day course of intravenous gamma globulin, together with aspirin, has been demonstrated to be safe and effective in preventing coronary-artery lesions and reducing systemic inflammation. We hypothesized that therapy with a single, very high dose of gamma globulin would be at least as effective as the standard regimen.
Asymptomatic duodenal perforation from obstructed and migrated biliary stent
Authors: H. Lin, Z. Li, X. Zhan
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Endoscopic biliary stenting has become a principal management option in the treatment of pancreaticobiliary disease. Long-term complications include occlusion, migration, and dislocation [1] [2] [3]. Duodenal perforations caused during stent migration are rare but life-threatening [4], with complications including peritonitis, sepsis, retroperitoneal abscess, and duodenal fistulization [4] [5]. This report describes an asymptomatic case of duodenal perforation caused by distal stent migration and successful retrieval of the migrated stent using an endoscope.
It’s time to regulate the use of whole body electrical stimulation
Authors: Stephen D H Malnick, Yael Band, Pavel Alin, Nicola A Maffiuletti
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (ES) of human nerves and muscles has long been used as a non-pharmacological treatment for pain relief,1 and for rehabilitation after disuse. Whole body ES has recently emerged as an alternative form of physical exercise for improving fitness and health in healthy people. Despite limited scientific evidence on the safety and effectiveness of this form of exercise, several ES company sponsored fitness centres have …
1363 METABOLIC PROFILES ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEVERITY OF ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS AND THE RESPONSE TO TREATMENT. PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Authors: J. Michelena, C. Alonso, J. Barr, J. Altamirano, I. Martinez Arranz, R. Bataller, M.L. Martinez Chantar, A. Castro, J.M. Mato, J. Caballeria
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Evaluation of Cockcroft-Gault (CG) and abbreviated Modified Diet in Renal Disease Study (MDRD) formulas for carboplatin dosing in gynecological malignancies
Authors: L. Hamata, T. Hsieh, M. de Lemos, A. Levin, K. Swenerton, T. Vu, F. Hu, J. Conklin, S. Taylor, T. Do
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

2078 Background: Carboplatin dosing is usually based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and area under the curve (AUC). CG and MDRD are based on serum creatinine (SrCr) to estimate GFR (eGFR) when measured GFR (mGFR) is impractical. MDRD is more accurate at low GFR in non-cancer patients and does not need body weight, but it was derived excluding patients with cancer or low albumin. We compared the accuracy of CG and MDRD in carboplatin dosing in gynecological patients. Methods: Patient data were collected retrospectively at the British Columbia Cancer Agency. Formula-derived eGFR was compared to mGFR (renogram with nuclear medicine camera and Tc-99m DTPA). eGFR-derived dose was compared to mGFR-derived dose. Bias (percentage error [PE]) and precision (absolute percentage error [APE]) were compared with 2-sided paired t-test. Results: 96 patients (70% ovarian cancer) were evaluated: median 60y, 62kg, 159cm, SrCr 71micromol/L, GFR 91mL/min, AUC 6. Both formulas had limited precision with a small bias for eGFR and dosing. [table] 85% of patients would have received a significantly different dose (APE >5%) if eGFR from either formula were used. MDRD was more precise than CG. 70% of patients would have received a significantly different dose (APE >5%) because of the difference in eGFR derived from these two formulas. Conclusion: MDRD has higher precision and similar bias compared to CG. MDRD may be an alternative to CG for carboplatin dosing in patients with gynecological malignancies. However, both formulas have limited precision as an estimate of mGFR. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
THE RED CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH, A COMPONENT OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN MORTALITY RISK SCORES, PREDICTS BLEEDING OUTCOMES IN PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION PATIENTS
Authors: Benjamin Davies Horne, J. Muhlestein, Donald Lappe, Raymond McCubrey, Heidi May, Stacey Knight, Viet Le, Tami L. Bair, Jeffrey Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
INCREASED EXPRESSION OF ADIPOKINE–RESISTIN EXPRESSION IN LIPID–RICH ATHEROMATOUS PLAQUES WHEN COMPARED TO LIPID POOR–FIBROTIC PLAQUES IN HUMAN ATHEROSCLEROSIS–IMPLICATION IN ACCELERATED ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESION PROGRESSION
Authors: Purushothaman K–Raman, Meerarani Purushothaman, Soojeong Kang, Elie Chemaly, Roger Hajjar, Valentin Fuster, Pedro Moreno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Environmental factors influencing growth and pubertal development.
Authors: H A Delemarre-van de Waal
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Postnatal growth is based on hereditary signals and environmental factors in a complex regulatory network. Each factor must be in an optimal state for normal growth of the child. Fetal conditions may also have consequences on postnatal height. Intrauterine growth retardation can be recovered postnatally, although postnatal growth remains depressed in about one-third of cases. After birth, the environment may exert either a positive or negative effect on growth. In underdeveloped countries, malnutrition plays a major role in inhibiting the growth process. Children from families of higher socioeconomic classes are taller than their coevals in the lower socioeconomic groups. Urbanization also has a positive effect on growth. Better child care is supported by sufficient food supply, appropriate health and sanitation services, and a higher level of education. Over the last century, these factors have induced a taller stature and a more rapid maturity in Europe, North America, and Australia; a phenomenon which has been referred to as "the secular trend" in growth. Recently, a secular trend has also been reported in some developing countries. Although urbanization in general appears to be associated with better conditions of living, this is not the case in the slums of South America or in Africa where rural children are better off than children living in the poor cities. This paper describes in more detail the different hereditary and environmental factors that act during the fetal period and postnatally, and which play a role in human growth and pubertal development.
SAT0054 Is Extended-Joint Count Better for Rheumatoid Arthritis Remission Assessment Compared to 28-Joint Count?:
Authors: N. Khan, H. Spencer, T. Sokka
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> The ACR/EULAR provisional definitions of remission in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), derived from and developed for clinical trials, recommend use of 28-joint count (JC). Limited data from routine clinical practices exists on the impact of extended JC on RA remission assessment. <h3>Objectives</h3> To study a) misclassification of ACR/EULAR RA remission when using extended JC (42-JC) versus 28-JC b) impact of non-28 joint (i.e. joints excluded from 28-JC) involvement in patients meeting 28-JC remission. <h3>Methods</h3> 9450 (7896 with complete data) patients in the Quantitative Standard Monitoring of Patients with RA (QUEST-RA) database receiving usual care from rheumatologists in 32 countries were analyzed. ACR/EULAR remission criteria was defined by fulfillment of all of the following: tender JC ≤1, swollen JC ≤1, patient9s global assessment ≤1, and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) &lt;30 mm/h for women or &lt;20 mm/h for men. ESR was used due to its wider availability and measurement uniformity. For extended JC based remission, 42-JC was used (which additionally included bilateral hips, ankles and metatarsophalangeal joints). We compared characteristics of patients who met 28-JC based ACR/EULAR remission with and without non-28 joint involvement. <h3>Results</h3> 739 (9.4%) patients met the 28-JC ACR/EULAR remission criteria. 663 (8.4%) patients would meet remission criteria if 42-JC was used, giving a misclassification rate of 1%. Among patients in 28-JC ACR/EULAR remission, 97 (13.1%) had ≥1 tender and/or swollen non-28 joint. Patient in remission with non-28 joint involvement were less likely to meet good functional status criteria (HAQ ≤0.5). Several patient reported outcomes and MDGL were statistically significantly worse in these patients (Table). However, the absolute magnitudes of difference were of questionable clinical relevance. There was no difference in sociodemographic, RA characteristics or treatment pattern among the two groups. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data from patients in routine clinical care from several countries provides further support to the suitability of using 28-JC for assessment of RA remission. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5920
SAT0133 Previous Biological Therapies Influence Drug Survival in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Starting Abatacept Treatment 2006-2012.
Authors: S. Saevarsdottir, L. Stawiarz, C. Turesson, S. Linblad
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Abatacept is a biological anti-rheumatic drug used in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Data on patient characteristics, diagnosis, preceding treatment and outcomes of abatacept have been collected in the Swedish Rheumatology Quality register (SRQ) which comprises the ARTIS register, since the drug was approved in 2006. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate drug survival probability of abatacept in clinical practice for patients with RA, using a national register. <h3>Methods</h3> Observational data from the SRQ were collected for the period from April 1<sup>st</sup>, 2006 to June 30<sup>th</sup>, 2012. True retention rates and survival analysis (Kaplan Meier) with right censoring and log-rank test of equality across strata were performed and Šidák multiple-comparison adjustments applied. <h3>Results</h3> 815 RA patients (637 females, 78%) started abatacept treatment between April 2006 and June 2012 (78% of total 1051 registered patients treated with abatacept). The median (IQR) age at start of abatacept was 61 years (52-67) and the median (IQR) duration of RA was 11.4 years (6.0-19.8). In patients with previous biological treatment, median time from start of first biological treatment to abatacept start was 3.4 years (IQR 2.4-7.9). Median follow-up on abatacept was 0.9 years (IQR 0.4-1.9). Abatacept was prescribed as the first biological treatment in 99 RA patients (12%), after one previous and unique biological drug in 219 (27%) patients, and after two or more unique biological drugs in 497 (61%) patients. Bio-naïve patients had significantly longer drug survival time than patients with two or more previous treatments (p=0.02) (Table 1). The overall retention rate at 6 months was 79% (582 of totally 735 patients which had been followed for at least 6 months after the start of abatacept treatment). The retention rate for patients receiving abatacept in the bio-naïve group was higher (94%, 77 of 82) compared with those who received abatacept after one (78%, 152 of 196) or ≥2 previous biological drugs (77%, 353 of 457). At 1 year follow-up, the overall retention rate was 56% (373 of 670) and 33% at 2 years follow-up (189 of 575). A longer drug survival was also found also in men compared to women (p=0.0008). From 1 to 5 years, drug survival was respectively 68%, 55%, 50%, 45% and 45% in men, and 56%, 39%, 31%, 28% and 22% in women. The retention rate at 6 months was higher in men (83%, 129 of 155), compared with women (78%, 451 of 580). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this nationwide cohort of RA patients starting abatacept treatment, both retention rate and drug survival time was longer for bio-naïve patients compared to patients previously treated with ≥2 biological drugs. A gender difference in favour of men was also seen for drug survival and retention rate. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
SAT0307 Overlap Myositis – the Most Common Form of Autoimmune Myositis
Authors: D. Kalinova, E. Todorova, D. Kyurkchiev, R. Rashkov
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

Published data on the association between polymorphisms of the X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene and skin cancer risk are inconsistent. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis of three frequently occurring XRCC1 polymorphisms and risk of skin cancer to obtain the most reliable estimate of the association. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted from a total of 10 eligible studies describing 4,801 cases and 4,960 controls for the Arg399Gln (G&gt;A) polymorphism, 1,026 cases and 1,089 controls for the Arg194Trp (C&gt;T) polymorphism, and 1,392 cases and 1,476 controls for the Arg280His (G&gt;A) polymorphism. The distributions of genotypes in the controls were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The Arg399Gln and Arg194Trp polymorphisms were not correlated with skin cancer risk when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis under three genetic models. No significant association was observed in stratified analyses of Arg399Gln and Arg194Trp polymorphisms by tumor type, race, or control source. In contrast, the Arg280His polymorphism was associated with an approximate 3.5-fold increase in skin cancer risk in homozygote codominant and recessive models.
A phase II trial of proton radiotherapy for medulloblastoma: Preliminary results.
Authors: T. I. Yock, B. Y. Yeap, D. Ebb, S. M. MacDonald, M. B. Pulsifer, K. C. Marcus, N. Tarbell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

CRA9507 Background: Pediatric medulloblastoma (MB) is commonly cured with surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. However, the late effects of radiotherapy can be disabling. Proton radiotherapy irradiates less normal tissue, which should result in fewer late side effects of treatment. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical outcomes of proton radiotherapy. Methods: All patients had surgery of the primary tumor followed by proton radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy and adjuvant platinum based chemotherapy. CSI doses ranged from 18-36 GyE, median dose 23.4 GyE. The tumor bed or posterior fossa was brought to 54 GyE. Concurrent enrollment in COG or other protocols was allowed. All pathology and imaging was reviewed at MGH to confirm the diagnosis. Results: 60 patients with MB were prospectively enrolled from May 2003 to December 2009 and 59 were evaluable for this analysis. Median age 6.6 yrs, range 3.5 - 22 years; M/F ratio 1.3; standard risk (SR, 45) or high risk (HR, 14). The median follow-up is 16 months. Two-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for the entire group is 91% and 87%. Two-year OS for SR MB and HR MB is 92% and 87%. 54 pts have baseline (BL) neurocognitive testing and 19 pts (14 SR, 5 HR) have follow-up (FU) evaluations including FSIQ spanning at an average of 2 years. Mean FSIQ at BL and FU are 107 and 102 (paired t-test: 0.046). Endocrine late effects include 4 patients with growth hormone deficiency, 1 patient with central hypothyroidism and 2 other endocrinopathies. Audiology information will be presented. Conclusions: Early results of this prospective trial are promising for improving clinical outcomes in patients with medulloblastoma. [Table: see text]
Gastric Acid Secretion and Lower-Esophageal-Sphincter Pressure in Response to Coffee and Caffeine
Authors: Sidney Cohen, Glenn H. Booth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Caffeine stimulates gastric acid secretion and reduces the competence of the lower esophageal sphincter in man. These effects of caffeine have been used as evidence that regular coffee should not be used by patients with peptic-ulcer disease or gastroesophageal reflux. We compared the dose-response relations of caffeine, regular coffee and decaffeinated coffee for gastric acid secretion and sphincter pressure in normal subjects. Decaffeinated coffee gave a maximal acid response of 16.5 +/- 2.6 mEq per hour (mean +/- S.E.M.), which was similar to that of regular coffee, 20.9 +/- 3.6 mEq per hour, both values being higher than that of caffeine, 8.4 +/- 1.3, on a cup-equivalent basis. Sphincter pressure showed minimal changes in response to caffeine, but was significantly increased by both regular and decaffeinated coffee (P less than 0.05). These data suggest that clinical recommendations based upon the known gastrointestinal effects of caffeine may bear little relation to the actual observed actions of coffee or decaffeinated coffee.
Bone Marrow Transplantation in Patients with Thalassemia
Authors: Guido Lucarelli, Maria Galimberti, Paola Polchi, Emanuele Angelucci, Donatella Baronciani, Claudio Giardini, Patrizia Politi, Suzy Maria Teresa Durazzi, Pietro Muretto, Federico Albertini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

We reviewed the results of transplantation of allogeneic marrow from HLA-identical donors in patients with β-thalassemia who were less than 16 years old.