tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Therapeutic Potential of Targeted Attentional Bias Modification for Insomnia Using Smartphone Delivery
Authors: Patrick J.F. Clarke, Kristiina Bedford, Lies Notebaert, Romola S. Bucks, Daniel Rudaizky, Bronwyn C. Milkins, Colin MacLeod
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2016)

Creation of experimental word stimuli Research assessing the presence of attentional bias in insomnia has consistently employed paired word stimuli that contain a threatening member, which communicates a meaning relevant to the concerns of those with sleep disturbance, and an emotionally neutral stimulus member (see [1]). In line with this, we included 48 threatening sleeprelated words characteristic of pre-sleep worry thoughts, paired with neutral words matched for length and spoken frequency [2] for the purpose of modification and assessment of attentional bias. The threat words were selected from an initial pool of 96 candidate words. These words were generated on the basis of three factors identified by Wicklow and Espie [3] as core themes relevant to presleep worry consistently reported by individuals with insomnia: active problem solving (e.g. thoughts about the negative consequences of poor sleep), present-state monitoring (e.g. thoughts about bodily functions), and reactivity to external stimuli (e.g. thoughts about environmental factors disturbing sleep). All 96 candidate words were rated by 12 independent judges using a 7-point scale on emotional valence, from 1 (Very negative) to 7 (Very positive) and relatedness to sleep concerns, from 1 (Not at all) to 7 (Extremely). The final selected threat words were rated to be strongest in negative valence (M = 2.35, SD = 0.78) and most relevant to sleep concerns (M = 4.67, SD = 0.93). The word pairs were randomised and divided into two separate stimulus subsets (Subset A and Subset B). For half the participants in each condition Subset A was used in the training/control component and Subset B was used in the assessment component of the task, while the remaining participants received the reverse allocation. The use of different stimuli in the training and assessment components ensures that any change in attentional bias can be attributed to the class of stimulus and not to specific stimuli themselves. These stimuli are provided in Supplementary Table 1.
Abstract LB-385: The Hippo pathway component YAP1 promotes cerebellar precursor survival after irradiation and can accelerate medulloblastoma onset
Authors: Africa Fernandez-L, Massimo Squatrito, Anna M. Kenney
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant solid tumor in children. These tumors arise in the developing cerebellum, a region of the brain that undergoes rapid expansion after birth. Current treatments for medulloblastoma include radiation, surgery and chemotherapy, all of which are associated with devastating physical and mental side effects in long-term survivors. Recently, cells within medulloblastomas that survive radiation treatment and can repopulate the tumors post-radiation have been identified. These cells reside in regions adjacent to blood vessels, and their post-radiation survival is promoted by PI3 kinase pathway activity. Ideal medulloblastoma therapies will attack the tumors and eliminate the tumor re-initiating cells but spare the rest of the brain. We have recently published that the oncogenic transcriptional co-activator YAP1, which is negatively regulated by the Hippo pathway, is up regulated and amplified in a subset of human medulloblastomas with aberrant Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling. YAP1 is found in cells of the perivascular niche, where proposed tumor-repopulating cells reside. Post-irradiation, YAP1 was found in newly-growing tumor cells. We report here that YAP1 is actively involved in survival post-irradiation. CGNPs that over-express YAP1 in vitro proliferate more and present less apoptosis after irradiation than those over-expressing GFP. Among YAP1 target genes in CGNPs we found Securin, which, apart from its known role in mitosis, it has been shown to have roles in survival after DNA damage. We also found Securin highly expressed in human and mouse medulloblastomas. Moreover, injection of YAP 1 over-expressing medulloblastoma cells in postnatal day 4 wild type mice accelerate medulloblastoma onset compared to GFP over-expressing cells. These findings implicate YAP1 as a new Shh effector that may be targeted by medulloblastoma therapies aimed at eliminating medulloblastoma recurrence. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-385.
Case 23-1995
Authors: S.R. Benatar, E.J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Presentation of CaseA 44-year-old woman was transferred to this hospital because of severe respiratory distress, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, and increasing pancytopenia.The patient had been well until 34 days earlier, when a cough productive of scanty whitish sputum developed. Treatment with erythromycin was unsuccessful. Progressive exertional dyspnea developed, and two weeks before entry she was admitted to another hospital. Examination showed that the temperature was 39.4°C; bilateral basal crackles were present. Radiographs of the chest revealed bilateral dense pulmonary infiltrates. Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline, and prednisone (40 mg twice daily) were administered.On the fourth hospital day a bronchoscopic examination was . . .
Effects of Polyethylene Glycol–Conjugated Recombinant Human Megakaryocyte Growth and Development Factor on Platelet Counts after Chemotherapy for Lung Cancer
Authors: Michael Fanucchi, John Glaspy, Jeffrey Crawford, Jennifer Garst, Robert Figlin, William Sheridan, Dora Menchaca, Dianne Tomita, Howard Ozer, Laurence Harker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Polyethylene glycol (PEG)–conjugated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF, also known as PEG-rHuMGDF), a recombinant molecule related to thrombopoietin, specifically stimulates megakaryopoiesis and platelet production and reduces the severity of thrombocytopenia in animals receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy.
Abstract 1278: Determining the proteomic changes that define progressor and non-progressor clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Ghada Kurban, Dimitra Tsavachidou, Brenda Gallie, Andrew Evans, Antonio Finelli, Eric Jonasch, Michael Jewett
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer, is increasing in incidence and is the most lethal genitourinary cancer. Due to the increased use of abdominal imaging, small renal masses (SRMs), mostly RCC, are now commonly detected in asymptomatic individuals and are the most common presentation of kidney cancer. Many of these SRMs grow slowly or not at all, while about 30% progress to advanced stages. However, in the absence of factors distinguishing masses that need treatment from those that can be managed by surveillance alone, most SRMs are treated by surgery. Clear cell RCC (ccRCC) is the most common form of RCC, has the worst prognosis and is characterized by inactivation of von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene (VHL). Systemic therapies developed to treat patients at advanced stages have targeted pVHL regulated genes particularly hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) downstream targets. However, these drugs rarely achieve cures suggesting that other pathways are implicated in ccRCC initiation and progression. Our national clinical trial, “Active Surveillance of Small Renal Masses” provides a unique opportunity to study the genetics and biology of the early stage ccRCC and characterize the genomic and proteomic signatures distinguishing non-progressor from progressor ccRCC-SRMs. Patients with ccRCC-SRMs (&amp;lt;4cm in size) are followed with time and if their mass progresses, they undergo surgical or other forms of intervention as appropriate. In this study, we determine the proteomic differences between a) non-progressor and progressor ccRCC-SRMs by characterizing biopsies taken at the time of diagnosis and recruitment into the surveillance protocol from both groups, and b) progressor ccRCC-SRM (at time of recruitment) and advanced ccRCC by comparing the initial, diagnostic biopsy of ccRCC-SRMs that subsequently progress to the surgical specimen at the time of treatment for progression (advanced stage). Using reverse phase protein array (RPPA), we identify proteomic signatures that distinguish progressor and non-progressor groups. We observed changes mostly in the PI3 kinase and ERK pathways as well as alterations in apoptotic pathways. Our results provide important insight for management of ccRCC-SRMs and define pathways involved in their initiation and progression. This could furthermore identify potential therapeutic targets that would lead to better management of ccRCC patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1278. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1278
Abstract 1516: <i>In vivo</i> tumor targeted delivery of siRNA by biodegradable nanoparticles
Authors: Martin C. Woodle, Puthupparampil Scaria, Yijia Liu, Ryan Spears, Betty Hongxue Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We are developing synthetic, engineered, ElectroNanoPlex™ nanoparticles for tumor targeted in vivo delivery of siRNA, plasmids, and other nucleic acids. These nanoparticles employ biodegradable cationic polyamide macromolecules that form an electrostatic association with the anionic nucleic acid cargo, and provide a hydrophilic steric polymer coating on the surface of the nanoparticles. Conditions have been identified to form siRNA or plasmid carrying nanoparticles with a mean diameter of approximately 100 nm, which falls within the range appropriate for enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) localization in tumor tissue. We have successfully delivered nucleic acids in vivo to solid tumors using nanoparticles with the steric coating but without a ligand for specific targeting, suggesting a mechanism of action based on EPR targeting. These nanoparticles are being commercialized under the tradename InVivoPlex™ for tumor gene function research, and drug target validation, in murine xenograft tumor models. Compared to other in vivo delivery technologies these nanoparticles show vastly diminished expression of plasmid DNA in lung, spleen, liver and kidney. Also, plasmid DNA and siRNA oligonucleotides can be co-packaged and delivered together using these nanoparticles, permitting studies of simultaneous down-regulation and up-regulation of different genes. Active targeting to cell surface receptors or antigens may be employed by decorating the nanoparticle surface with peptides such as cyclic RGD or monoclonal antibodies. Studies of antibody-mediated tumor cell delivery by ligand decorated nanoparticles will be presented. These nanoparticle systems will advance tumor targeted research using siRNA and are expected to eventually enable therapeutic applications of siRNA, or other nucleic acid agents that are promising in light of their molecular biological properties but currently face daunting pharmaceutical delivery challenges. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1516.
Case 31-1967
Authors: Philip A. Tumulty, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

Presentation of Case First admission. A forty-four-year-old Negro man entered the hospital because of swelling of the legs.He had been in excellent health until the development of a productive cough two months previously. Two weeks before admission he experienced burning and squeezing pain in the lower portion of the chest anteriorly, lasting for ten minutes. Subsequently, there was gradually increasing swelling of the ankles, legs and scrotum; he had increasing dyspnea on exertion but no orthopnea. No further episodes of chest pain occurred.There was no history of heart disease, cardiac murmur or rheumatic fever. Two months before . . .
Podoplanin-positive periarteriolar stromal cells promote megakaryocyte growth and proplatelet formation in mice by CLEC-2
Authors: Shogo Tamura, Katsue Suzuki-Inoue, Nagaharu Tsukiji, Toshiaki Shirai, Tomoyuki Sasaki, Makoto Osada, Kaneo Satoh, Yukio Ozaki
Journal: Blood (2016)
ABC of Medical Computing: LINKING YOUR COMPUTER TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD
Authors: N Lee, A Millman
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The international telephone network has over 400 million subscribers. _1YLThis vast network can be used to connect even the most basic personal MOO _~~o ftyp computer to any other computer or information system anywhere in the world.Most of these svstems are available 24 hours a dav.seven days a week and can be accessed very easily from home or work using simple and cheap equipment.This means anyone can tap into the world's accumulated medical knowledge at the touch of a button.
THU0077 Prevalence of Obesity and the Relation to Disease Activity, Physical Function, and Quality of Life in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis: Table 1.
Authors: F. Maas, A. Spoorenberg, E. van der Veer, R. Bos, M. Efde, M.K. Leijsma, H. Bootsma, E. Brouwer, S. Arends
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Obesity is associated with an increased risk for many disorders, impaired functional capacity, and impaired quality of life (QoL). <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of obesity and the relation to clinical assessments of disease activity, physical function, and QoL in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA). <h3>Methods</h3> 465 consecutive patients from the Groningen Leeuwarden Axial SpA (GLAS) cohort who visited the outpatient clinic between January 2011 and December 2012 were included in this cross-sectional analysis. All patients fulfilled the modified New York criteria for ankylosing spondylitis (AS; &gt;90%) or the ASAS criteria for axial SpA. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and patients were divided into groups according to the WHO criteria: low BMI (BMI &lt;18.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), normal BMI (BMI 18.5-25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), overweight (BMI 25-30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), and obesity (BMI &gt;30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). BMI was compared with the LifeLines cohort, a three generation population-based longitudinal cohort study in the North of the Netherlands. Disease activity was assessed by Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), AS Disease Activity Score (ASDAS), and C-reactive protein (CRP), physical function by Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI), and quality of life by ASQoL questionnaire. <h3>Results</h3> Mean age of the 465 patients was 45 years (SD ±13), median symptom duration was 17 years (range 0-61), 65% were male, and median BMI was 26.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (range 17.0-45.4). In total, 8 (2%) patients had low BMI, 183 (39%) had normal BMI, 174 (37%) were overweight, and 100 (22%) were obese. Of the 100 obese patients, 19 had BMI between 35-40 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and 3 had BMI &gt;40 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. In comparison, the LifeLines population (n=136577) had an estimated prevalence of 1% low BMI, 42% normal BMI, 43% overweight, and 15% obesity. Obese axial SpA patients were significantly older, had longer disease duration, and more comorbidity than patients with normal BMI. Disease activity of obese patients was significantly higher and physical function and QoL were significantly worse compared to patients with normal BMI (Table 1). These differences remained statistically significant after correcting for age, disease duration, and comorbidity. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This cross-sectional analysis shows a high prevalence of obesity in a large cohort of axial SpA patients. The presence of obesity was associated with higher disease activity and worse physical function and QoL. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> The GLAS cohort was supported by an unrestricted grant from Pfizer. Pfizer had no role in the design, conduct, interpretation, or publication of this study. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> : None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4363
AB0171 Thrombopoietin in Sle: Correlations with Clinical and Laboratory Parameters. A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: C.L. Lu, J. Nossent
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Thrombopoietin (TPO) is a liver produced protein that drives megakaryocyte maturation. TPO is the main of regulator platelet production but may also increase platelet reactivity. As both thrombocytopenia and thrombosis are frequent manifestations among Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients, we investigated the relationship between TPO and disease parameters. <h3>Methods</h3> TPO levels were measured in SLE patients (n=98) with clinical and laboratory data collected at the same time point as sampling for TPO, inflammatory cytokines and auto antibodies detection. Patients with RA (n=100) and healthy controls (n=100) served as TPO comparators. Associations and correlations were evaluated using non parametric methods. <h3>Results</h3> Mean TPO was significantly higher) in SLE (326pg/ml) compared with RA patients (96pg/ml) (p=0.04, but not significantly different (p=0.20) from healthy controls (185pg/ml). Among SLE patients, TPO did not correlate with platelet or antiphospholipid antibodies levels, while increased TPO was not association with thrombocytopenic episodes, thrombotic events or disease activity. TPO levels correlated with MIP1-alpha (Rs 0.56, p&lt;0.001), IL6 (Rs 0.26, p=0.02) and IL4 (Rs 0.29, p=0.01), while inversely correlated to C4 (Rs - 0.23, p=0.04). MIP1alpha was found to be the strongest independent predictor of increased TPO levels. <h3>Conclusions</h3> TPO is significantly increased in a quarter of SLE patients, but this is unrelated to the occurrence of thrombocytopenia or thrombosis. MIP1-alpha is the main factor driving higher TPO levels among SLE patients, possibly through its inhibitory effect on megakaryopoeisis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2632
CPRE EN MAYORES DE 80 AÑOS. EXPERIENCIA DE UN CENTRO
Authors: F García Durán, JA Carneros Martín, JC Villa Poza, A Bermejo Abati, D Alcalde Rodríguez, E Tomás Moros, F Bermejo San José, B Piqueras Alcol, G De la Poza, JL Rodríguez Agulló
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Introducción: El envejecimiento de la población y la alta prevalencia de patología biliar en los ancianos así como el elevado riesgo quirúrgico y la comorbilidad de estos pacientes hace que la CPRE constituya un arma terapeútica en muchas ocasiones de primera elección. Aunque las condiciones generales a priori pueden ser similares a los pacientes más jóvenes, la patología cardiovascular, presencia de anticoagulación y/o antiagregación etc.. pueden complicar los procedimientos.
Drugs in Pregnancy
Authors: Gideon Koren, Anne Pastuszak, Shinya Ito
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Before marketing a new drug, the manufacturer almost never tests the product in pregnant women to determine its effects on the fetus. Consequently, most drugs are not labeled for use during pregnancy. Typically, descriptions of drugs that appear in the Physicians' Desk Reference and similar sources contain statements such as, "Use in pregnancy is not recommended unless the potential benefits justify the potential risks to the fetus." Since the risk has been adequately established for only a few drugs, physicians caring for pregnant women have very little information to help them decide whether the potential benefits to the mother outweigh . . .
Regional Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Healthy Volunteers Determined by Fluordeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: V Ivançević, A Alavi, E Souder, P D Mozley, R E Gur, F Bénard, D L Munz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

In this study, the contribution of the transaxial, coronal, and sagittal planes in evaluations of regional cerebral glucose metabolism was investigated in healthy volunteers as determined by fluorine-18-labeled 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) and high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET).One hundred twenty-seven healthy right-handed volunteers were injected with 4.2 MBq/kg (0.11 mCi) body weight FDG and imaged in a PENN PET H 240 scanner. Images were corrected for scatter and random coincidences and reconstructed in all three planes into 6- to 8-mm-thick slices. The reconstructed images were corrected for attenuation using the Chang algorithm. The transverse, coronal, and sagittal images were read independently of each other using a qualitative scale in which 1 = equal to, 2 = mildly, 3 = moderately, and 4 = markedly less than the area with the highest glucose metabolism in the respective plane.The areas with the highest glucose metabolisms were the posterior cingulate gyri with mean scores of 1.1 to 1.2, thalami (1.2 to 1.3), basal ganglia (1.5 to 1.9), and visual cortex (1.6). The lowest values were found in the occipital cortex (2.7 to 2.8) and the cerebellum (2.3 to 2.4). Whereas reliable analysis of the mesial temporal aspects was not feasible in the sagittal plane, the anterior poles of the temporal and frontal lobes could not be evaluated in the coronal or the inferior temporal areas in the transaxial slices. In all three planes, regional glucose metabolism was less in the lateral temporal areas on the left than on the right (P < 0.001). The consistency of readings as measured in terms of coefficients of variation was greatest in the coronal plane for the caudates and posterior cingulate gyri, in the transaxial plane for the lateral temporal regions, and in the sagittal plane for the visual cortex. Age-dependent decreases in regional glucose metabolism in the inferior and lateral frontal regions and the parietal lobes were found in all three planes.All three projection planes must be used for a comprehensive qualitative evaluation of the regional glucose metabolism of the brain.
The Maasai move to eliminate trachoma
Authors: S. Crowe
Journal: BMJ (1997)

With little more than old paint tins, string, coloured beads, and a topical antibiotic, a health project for nomads has managed to all but eliminate trachoma among the Maasai of southern Kenya.

Trachoma is the leading cause of blindness in communities like the Maasai, who inhabit areas where water for washing the face and keeping the eyes free of infection is scarce. When the project began in 1985, 65% of the population were infected with Chlamydia trachomatis . By …