tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomized Trial of a Lifestyle Program in Obese Infertile Women
Authors: Meike A.Q. Mutsaerts, Anne M. van Oers, Henk Groen, Jan M. Burggraaff, Walter K.H. Kuchenbecker, Denise A.M. Perquin, Carolien A.M. Koks, Ron van Golde, Eugenie M. Kaaijk, Jaap M. Schierbeek, Gerrit J.E. Oosterhuis, Frank J. Broekmans, Wanda J.E. Bemelmans, Cornelis B. Lambalk, Marieke F.G. Verberg, Fulco van der Veen, Nicole F. Klijn, Patricia E.A.M. Mercelina, Yvonne M. van Kasteren, Annemiek W. Nap, Egbert A. Brinkhuis, Niels E.A. Vogel, Robert J.A.B. Mulder, Ed T.C.M. Gondrie, Jan P. de Bruin, J. Marko Sikkema, Mathieu H.G. de Greef, Nancy C.W. ter Bogt, Jolande A. Land, Ben W.J. Mol, Annemieke Hoek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

Small lifestyle-intervention studies suggest that modest weight loss increases the chance of conception and may improve perinatal outcomes, but large randomized, controlled trials are lacking.We randomly assigned infertile women with a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of 29 or higher to a 6-month lifestyle intervention preceding treatment for infertility or to prompt treatment for infertility. The primary outcome was the vaginal birth of a healthy singleton at term within 24 months after randomization.We assigned women who did not conceive naturally to one of two treatment strategies: 290 women were assigned to a 6-month lifestyle-intervention program preceding 18 months of infertility treatment (intervention group) and 287 were assigned to prompt infertility treatment for 24 months (control group). A total of 3 women withdrew consent, so 289 women in the intervention group and 285 women in the control group were included in the analysis. The discontinuation rate in the intervention group was 21.8%. In intention-to-treat analyses, the mean weight loss was 4.4 kg in the intervention group and 1.1 kg in the control group (P<0.001). The primary outcome occurred in 27.1% of the women in the intervention group and 35.2% of those in the control group (rate ratio in the intervention group, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.60 to 0.99).In obese infertile women, a lifestyle intervention preceding infertility treatment, as compared with prompt infertility treatment, did not result in higher rates of a vaginal birth of a healthy singleton at term within 24 months after randomization. (Funded by the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development; Netherlands Trial Register number, NTR1530.).
Long-term predictors of outcome in abstinent alcoholic men
Authors: P T Loosen, B W Dew, A J Prange
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

Twenty-nine alcoholic men who had been abstinent for more than 2 years were evaluated behaviorally and neuroendocrinologically and then followed for 2 years. Mean length of abstinence at intake was shorter in the eight patients with histories of depression (3.3 years) than in the patients without such histories (6.8 years). Six patients relapsed during follow-up, all of whom had been sober less than 5 years. None of the neuroendocrine variables studied was predictive of outcome. In summary, abstinence of less than 5 years and comorbidity with depression were most predictive of poor outcome.
Profiling of somatic mutations in acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3-ITD at diagnosis and relapse
Authors: Manoj Garg, Yasunobu Nagata, Deepika Kanojia, Anand Mayakonda, Kenichi Yoshida, Sreya Haridas Keloth, Zhi Jiang Zang, Yusuke Okuno, Yuichi Shiraishi, Kenichi Chiba, Hiroko Tanaka, Satoru Miyano, Ling-Wen Ding, Tamara Alpermann, Qiao-Yang Sun, De-Chen Lin, Wenwen Chien, Vikas Madan, Li-Zhen Liu, Kar-Tong Tan, Abhishek Sampath, Subhashree Venkatesan, Koiti Inokuchi, Satoshi Wakita, Hiroki Yamaguchi, Wee Joo Chng, Shirley-Kow Yin Kham, Allen Eng-Juh Yeoh, Masashi Sanada, Joanna Schiller, Karl-Anton Kreuzer, Steven M. Kornblau, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Torsten Haferlach, Michael Lill, Ming-Chung Kuo, Lee-Yung Shih, Igor-Wolfgang Blau, Olga Blau, Henry Yang, Seishi Ogawa, H. Phillip Koeffler
Journal: Blood (2015)
Aversive Learning and Appetitive Motivation Toggle Feed-Forward Inhibition in the Drosophila Mushroom Body
Authors: Emmanuel Perisse, David Owald, Oliver Barnstedt, Clifford B. Talbot, Wolf Huetteroth, Scott Waddell
Journal: Neuron (2016)

In Drosophila, negatively reinforcing dopaminergic neurons also provide the inhibitory control of satiety over appetitive memory expression. Here we show that aversive learning causes a persistent depression of the conditioned odor drive to two downstream feed-forward inhibitory GABAergic interneurons of the mushroom body, called MVP2, or mushroom body output neuron (MBON)-γ1pedc>α/β. However, MVP2 neuron output is only essential for expression of short-term aversive memory. Stimulating MVP2 neurons preferentially inhibits the odor-evoked activity of avoidance-directing MBONs and odor-driven avoidance behavior, whereas their inhibition enhances odor avoidance. In contrast, odor-evoked activity of MVP2 neurons is elevated in hungry flies, and their feed-forward inhibition is required for expression of appetitive memory at all times. Moreover, imposing MVP2 activity promotes inappropriate appetitive memory expression in food-satiated flies. Aversive learning and appetitive motivation therefore toggle alternate modes of a common feed-forward inhibitory MVP2 pathway to promote conditioned odor avoidance or approach.
Renal Politics
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Let's trace the legislative path of a relatively minor health-care amendment recently adopted by the Congress. The exercise not only illustrates the intricacies and peculiarities of the legislative process but also foreshadows the immense battles to come when — as is now expected soon — the Administration undertakes a serious effort to create a national health-insurance system.But first it might be useful to stress something that is so obvious that it tends to blend unnoticed into the political background: Whatever else medical care in the United States may be — good, bad, wasteful, humanitarian — it is also a . . .
Travel to Asia and traveller's diarrhoea with antibiotic treatment are independent risk factors for acquiring ciprofloxacin-resistant and extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae —a prospective cohort study
Authors: E.A. Reuland, G.J.B. Sonder, I. Stolte, N. al Naiemi, A. Koek, G.B. Linde, T.J.W. van de Laar, C.M.J.E. Vandenbroucke-Grauls, A.P. van Dam
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2016)
Mind, brain, and teaching: Some directions for future research—CORRIGENDUM
Authors: Elena Pasquinelli, Tiziana Zalla, Katarina Gvozdic, Cassandra Potier-Watkins, Manuela Piazza
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2016)

An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Hydralazine
Authors: Jan Koch-Weser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Hydralazine (1-hydrazinophthalazine) (Fig. 1) has been used in the therapy of hypertension for 25 years. In combination with other drugs it is very useful for treating chronically hypertensive patients. The role of hydralazine in antihypertensive therapy has expanded during recent years since it was demonstrated that the drug is particularly effective when combined with propranolol or other beta-adrenergic antagonists.1 2 3 4 5 6 Closely related phthalazine derivatives, particularly 1,4-dihydrazinophthalazine, are employed outside the United States, but they offer no apparent advantage over hydralazine.Mechanism of ActionHydralazine exerts its hypotensive action by reducing vascular resistance through direct relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle.7 8 9 10 11 The cellular . . .
Abstract IA14: The unique genomic landscape of pediatric high-grade glioma
Authors: Jon D. Larson, Andre B. Silveira, Lawryn H. Kasper, Helen R. Russell, Chunxu Qu, Peter J. McKinnon, Suzanne J. Baker
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Diffuse high-grade gliomas (HGGs) of childhood are a devastating spectrum of disease with no effective cures. The two-year survival for pediatric HGG ranges from 30 percent, for tumors arising in the cerebral cortex, to less than 10 percent for diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs), which arise in the brainstem. Frequent recurrent somatic mutations in histone H3 distinguish the genetic drivers among pediatric and adult HGG. Mutually exclusive somatic heterozygous H3F3A or HIST1H3B mutations encoding a K27M variant of histone H3.3 or H3.1, respectively, are found in nearly 80 percent of DIPGs and 22 percent of non-brainstem HGG, where they occur predominantly in thalamic and other midline tumors. Strikingly, heterozygous H3F3A mutations encoding histone H3.3 G34R or G34V occur in approximately 14 percent of non-brainstem HGG, and are associated predominantly with cortical tumors arising in older children through young adulthood, suggesting a distinct developmental origin compared to the majority of tumors harboring K27M mutations. Recurrent mutations of the BMP receptor ACVR1/ALK2 have not been reported outside the brainstem, and are further restricted to the youngest DIPG patients, highlighting critical connections between development and gliomagenesis. Experiments to model the connections between oncogenic activity and developmental context will be discussed. Citation Format: Jon D. Larson, Andre B. Silveira, Lawryn H. Kasper, Helen R. Russell, Chunxu Qu, Peter J. McKinnon, Suzanne J. Baker. The unique genomic landscape of pediatric high-grade glioma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Brain Cancer Research; May 27-30, 2015; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(23 Suppl):Abstract nr IA14.
Abstract A17: The CEBPD transcription factor: A signaling hub for promotion of cancer cell stemness
Authors: Balamurugan Kuppusamy, Daniel Mendoza-Villaneuva, Glenn Summers, Shikha Sharan, Esta Sterneck
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Our previous studies showed that the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta (CEBPD) promotes tumor metastasis in a mouse model of mammary tumorigenesis (MMTV-Neu) (Balamurugan et al., EMBO J, 2010). Here we show that CEBPD serves as a signaling hub, which integrates and amplifies signaling pathways that promote stemness in breast cancer and glioblastoma as well as in embryonic carcinoma stem cells. This work identifies a mechanism by which hypoxia and inflammation promote cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), which are implicated in tumor progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance. We have shown in our earlier studies that CEBPD promotes inflammatory signaling and hypoxia adaptation by inhibiting the expression of the F-box protein FBXW7, a bona fide tumor suppressor (Balamurugan et al., EMBO J 2010; Nature Communications 2013). Because FBXW7 can target the stem cell factor Notch for degradation, we hypothesized that CEBPD can promote cell stemness. We tested this hypothesis using a variety of established breast and glioblastoma tumor cell lines/xenografts, primary mouse mammary tumor cells and tissues, recent patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines, as well as embryonic stem/cancer cell lines. Deletion or depletion of CEBPD reduced the number of stem cells as determined by surface markers, sphere formation, limiting dilution xenografts, and by expression of stemness genes. Mechanistic studies in culture models show that CEBPD is expressed in CSCs and connects and amplifies both hypoxia (HIF-1) and inflammation (IL-6/STAT3) pathways to increase Notch1 activity and cell stemness. Furthermore, we found that CEBPD also directly activates the expression of stemness associated genes such as OCT4, Sox2, KLF4, Myc, Nanog, CD44 and CD133. Taken together, this study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms that promote cancer cell stemness, and identifies a central role for CEBPD in integrating HIF-1α, IL-6/STAT3, and Notch1 signaling, while also activating expression of stemness factors. These results strongly suggest that pharmacological inhibition of CEBPD signaling may effectively target CSCs. Citation Format: Balamurugan Kuppusamy, Daniel Mendoza-Villaneuva, Glenn Summers, Shikha Sharan, Esta Sterneck. The CEBPD transcription factor: A signaling hub for promotion of cancer cell stemness. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2015 Oct 23-26; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A17.
Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: John Figgis Jewett, Donald M. Muirhead
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Primary cesarean section yielded the second stillborn infant of a 37-year-old gravida 6 at 29 weeks' gestation.The first pregnancy had aborted spontaneously at eight weeks when the patient was 24 years of age. The next two were concluded at term without difficulty despite the fact that maternal blood was Group O, Rh-negative. At the age of 29, a somewhat premature infant required neonatal exchange transfusion for erythroblastosis fetalis. Four years later, the fourth baby was stillborn at 37 weeks with severe hydrops, antibody titers having risen from 1:252 to 1:1024 but without benefit of spectrophotometric examination of the amniotic . . .
A novel strategy for complete duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection involving prophylactic defect closure with over-the-scope clips
Authors: Hideki Kobara, Hirohito Mori, Shintaro Fujihara, Noriko Nishiyama, Maki Ayaki, Makoto Oryu, Tsutomu Masaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

Duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) remains controversial because of anatomical specificities, technical difficulties, and an unacceptably high rate of complications including delayed perforations and bleeding [1] [2] [3]. Accordingly, it is essential to establish a strategy to overcome these problems. A newly developed over-the-scope clip (OTSC; Ovesco Endoscopy, Tübingen, Germany) is now available, which has the advantages of strong grasping and persistent force, and can provide an outstanding outcome for secure defect closure in comparison with conventional hemoclips [4]. Here, we describe how duodenal ESD was safely completed in the setting of general anesthesia, using a safe cutting device and total prophylactic closure of the defect with OTSCs.
Risk of Anaphylaxis With Intravenous Iron Products
Authors: Thomas G. DeLoughery
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The internship: some disquieting findings
Authors: J D Lindy, B L Green, M Patrick
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

A natural experiment in psychiatric education took place nationally between 1970 and 1976, when one group of residents entered psychiatry with an internship, and the other without one. In this study 22 psychiatry residents with an internship and 25 without one were compared during their first two years of training. Initial faculty evaluations of the two groups' responsibility, insight, teachability, and knowledge were virtually identical, as were those of their overall performance in inpatient, consultation, and emergency psychiatry. However, ratings of outpatient psychotherapy showed several significant and differences favoring the noninternship group. The authors find these results disquieting. They suggest that interferences with empathy may be an untoward side effect of the internship.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Trial of Enzastaurin Versus Placebo in Patients Achieving Remission After First-Line Therapy for High-Risk Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Michael Crump, Sirpa Leppä, Luis Fayad, Je Jung Lee, Alice Di Rocco, Michinori Ogura, Hans Hagberg, Frederick Schnell, Robert Rifkin, Andreas Mackensen, Fritz Offner, Lauren Pinter-Brown, Sonali Smith, Kensei Tobinai, Su-Peng Yeh, Eric D. Hsi, Tuan Nguyen, Peipei Shi, Marjo Hahka-Kemppinen, Don Thornton, Boris Lin, Brad Kahl, Norbert Schmitz, Kerry J. Savage, Thomas Habermann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

To compare disease-free survival (DFS) after maintenance therapy with the selective protein kinase C β (PKCβ) inhibitor, enzastaurin, versus placebo in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in complete remission and with a high risk of relapse after first-line therapy.This multicenter, phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled patients who were at high risk of recurrence after rituximab-cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP). Patients (N = 758) with stage II bulky or stage III to IV DLBCL, three or more International Prognostic Index risk factors at diagnosis, and a complete response or unconfirmed complete response after 6 to 8 cycles of R-CHOP were assigned 2:1 to receive oral enzastaurin 500 mg daily or placebo for 3 years or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary end point was DFS 3 years after the last patient entered treatment. Correlative analyses of biomarkers, including cell of origin by immunohistochemistry and PKCβ expression, with efficacy outcomes were exploratory objectives.After a median follow-up of 48 months, DFS hazard ratio for enzastaurin versus placebo was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.689 to 1.216; two-sided log-rank P = .541; 4-year DFS, 70% v 71%, respectively). Independent of treatment, no significant associations were observed between PKCβ protein expression or cell of origin and DFS or overall survival.Enzastaurin did not significantly improve DFS in patients with high-risk DLBCL after achieving complete response to R-CHOP. Achievement of a complete response may have abrogated the prognostic significance of cell of origin by immunohistochemistry.
Review of Catherine Mills,<i>Futures of Reproduction: Bioethics and Biopolitics</i><sup>1</sup>
Authors: Silvia Camporesi
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2016)

Futures of Reproduction: Bioethics and Biopolitics, by Monash University-based philosopher Catherine Mills, is a breath of fresh air in the bioethics discourse on reproduction and the impact that t...
A Retrospective Study of Lung Cancer in Women&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Haenszel, William, Shimkin, Michael B., Mantel, Nathan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1958)

Journal Article A Retrospective Study of Lung Cancer in Women Get access William Haenszel, William Haenszel Biometry Branch, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael B. Shimkin, Michael B. Shimkin Biometry Branch, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nathan Mantel Nathan Mantel Biometry Branch, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 21, Issue 5, November 1958, Pages 825–842, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/21.5.825 Published: 01 November 1958 Article history Received: 16 May 1958 Published: 01 November 1958
Diagnosis, treatment, and use of intravenous iron for chemotherapy-induced anemia in Europe.
Authors: M. S. Aapro, Y. Beguin, C. Bokemeyer, J. A. Glaspy, M. Hedenus, T. J. Littlewood, H. Ludwig, A. Osterborg, B. Rzychon, D. Mitchell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

e19557 Background: Chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA) is a frequent complication in cancer patients. Intravenous (I.V.) iron in conjunction with an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) is a well tolerated and effective therapy. This study evaluated current practice in diagnosis and treatment of CIA in nine European countries. Methods: Onco-hematologists completed records on their last five patients treated for CIA within six months prior to the survey. Data were collected from Jun-Oct 2009 (France, Germany, Spain, Switzerland, UK) and Aug-Nov 2010 (Austria, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden). Results are presented as median [range] between countries. Results: 1,730 cases were recorded by 375 physicians (321 hospital and 54 office-based). Lymphoma, myeloma, breast and lung cancer accounted for 60% [50-66%] of cases; 52% [30-60%] had metastatic disease. Blood tests at diagnosis of anemia included hemoglobin (Hb, 96% [86-99%]), ferritin (49% [23-60%]) and transferrin saturation (TSAT, 12% [2-25%]). Median Hb before treatment was comparable between countries (9.1 g/dL [9.0-9.6 g/dL]), but ferritin (127 µg/L [50-243 µg/L]) and TSAT (26% [15-35%]) varied more. At diagnosis, 75% [65-89%] had an Hb <10 g/dL and 14% [8-25%] an Hb <8g/dL, 44% [21-65%] had a ferritin <100 µg/L and 20% [8-41%] had a ferritin <30 µg/L. 73% [15-100%] of CIA patients were treated with an ESA and iron was given to 22% [11-61%]. Although iron was mainly given in combination with an ESA (57% [17–100%]), I.V. iron was used in only 19% [4-77%] of iron-treated patients. Notably, Switzerland was the sole country where more patients received I.V. than oral iron. A blood transfusion was given to 52% [11-93%] of patients at some stage of treatment. Conclusions: Iron status assessment and treatment of CIA vary in manner and frequency between European countries. Ferritin and TSAT, markers of absolute and functional iron deficiency (AID, FID) are underused. Only a small fraction of cancer patients with CIA receives I.V. iron therapy despite clinical evidence on the efficacy of I.V. iron compared to oral iron in supplementing ESA-based anemia treatment. Awareness of evidence on the role of I.V. iron to resolve ID and prevent FID in CIA patients needs to be broadened.
Federal constraints: earned or unearned?
Authors: D T Chalkley
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

The author discusses the evolution of federal constraints on medical, behavioral, and social science research. There has been only one court decision related to behavioral research and none in medical research. The burden of consent procedures can be lightened somewhat by careful consideration of the potential risks and nature of the research; questions are presented that can be used to determine whether constraints apply. The author notes that although there are good reasons for regulations in both behavioral and medical research, the appropriateness of current and proposed constraints is still a matter of debate.
Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies
Authors: Andrew Mente, Martin O'Donnell, Sumathy Rangarajan, Gilles Dagenais, Scott Lear, Matthew McQueen, Rafael Diaz, Alvaro Avezum, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Fernando Lanas, Wei Li, Yin Lu, Sun Yi, Lei Rensheng, Romaina Iqbal, Prem Mony, Rita Yusuf, Khalid Yusoff, Andrzej Szuba, Aytekin Oguz, Annika Rosengren, Ahmad Bahonar, Afzalhussein Yusufali, Aletta Elisabeth Schutte, Jephat Chifamba, Johannes F E Mann, Sonia S Anand, Koon Teo, S Yusuf
Journal: The Lancet (2016)