tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Self-expandable Metal Stent without Balloon Dilation for Drainage of Pancreatic Fluid Collection Using a Front-view Forward-array Echoendoscope
Authors: F Marson, J Shah, F Weilert, K Binmoeller
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Possible complications of endoscopic transmural drainage of pancreatic fluid collections include perforation, bleeding, and secondary cyst infection. Insertion of a fully covered self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) without prior balloon dilation of the cystoenterostomy tract may significantly reduce these risks, as well as simplify and streamline the drainage procedure. Aim: To evaluate the technical success and outcomes of EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections using SEMS without balloon dilation. Patients and Methods: Patients were identified in a prospectively collected database. All procedures were performed using a 3.7mm channel front-view forward-array echoendoscope (Olympus). The inner needle knife catheter component of the Cystotome (Cook Medical) was used to puncture the pancreatic fluid collection. Fluid was aspirated for analysis followed by injection of full-strength contrast to opacify the cyst. The tract was enlarged using the 10 Fr outer catheter component equipped with a diathermy ring. A fully covered 10mm X 40mm WallFlex stent was inserted to drain the cyst. SEMS were removed 7 days post implantation and, if indicated, further intervention including cyst debridement and plastic stent placement performed. Results: Between February 2009 and June 2010 thirty-four patients with pancreatic fluid collection were treated (20M:14F; mean age 53.3 years). The mean size of the fluid collection was 8.4cm +/-3.0cm. The mean procedure time was 28.82min. The procedure was technically successful in all patients with no procedure-related complication, including bleeding or perforation. SEMS were in-situ and patent in all patients at 7 days and removed without difficulty. Conclusion: Insertion of a covered SEMS without prior balloon dilation using a front-view forward-array echoendoscope appears to reduce procedural risks, as well as simplify and streamline the drainage procedure.
THU0487 Palosuran Treatment, Effective as Bosentan in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) Model
Authors: A. Mesut Onat, Y. Pehlivan, T. Demir, D. Sinan Kaplan, M. Orkmez, I. Halil Turkebeyler, S. Taysi, B. Kisacik
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Due to its high morbidity and mortality rates, pulmonary arterial hypertension is a life threatening and a progressive disease. Endothelin-1 (ET1) is a vasoactive peptide that plays important role in the pathogenesis of PAH, and ET1 inhibitors have been widely used in the treatment. ET1 and Urotension-II (UII) have similar effect profiles and features. In our previous studies, UII acts similarly as ET1 and increased in patients with SSc, especially with vascular pathologies. Also we have demonstrated the positive effect of UII inhibitor Palosuran in an animal model on pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), ET1, UII, Cardiac Muscle Mass and pathology. In this study we aimed to compare the ET1 inhibitor bosentan which is regarded as standard therapy with different dose regimens of palosuran. <h3>Methods</h3> Seventy male mice were randomly divided into seven groups, with each group comprising 10 rats. The first level of the study has been terminated at twenty-first day, after determining the optimum dose regimens and drug combinations the study was prolonged to investigate the efficiency of palosuran and bosentan combinations and monotherapy. The extended study group was also sacrificed at the twenty-first day of the experiment. Single dose moncrataline (MCT) were injected subcutaneously to create the PAH model. Palosuran and bosentan were given twice a day by gavages. Group 1 (control group) received the serum physiologic (SP); Group 2 (untreated MCT control group) received subcutaneous MCT and SP; Group 3 (Palosuran 30 mg therapy group) received subcutaneous MCT and 30 mg/kg/day palosuran; Group 4 (Palosuran 100 mg therapy group) received subcutaneous MCT and 100 mg/kg/day palosuran; Group 5 (Bosentan 30 mg therapy group) received subcutaneous MCT and 30 mg/kg/day bosentan; Group 6 (Bosentan 100 mg therapy group) received subcutaneous MCT and 100 mg/kg/day bosentan; Group 7 (Combination therapy group) received subcutaneous MCT and 300 mg/kg/day bosentan and palosuran. Among the cardiac indexes, right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) (right and left ventricule + septum) and right ventricular mass indexes (right ventricule and total body weight) have been used. <h3>Results</h3> ET1, UII and PAP findings of all groups have been presented in Table-1. The ET1 and UII levels of untreated rats (group 2) were significantly higher than the other groups (p&lt;0.05). Moreover, PAP levels of group 2 were significantly higher than the other groups (p=0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> When we have compared the different dose regimens of palosuran with bosentan, UII inhibitor is at least as effective as standard therapy bosentan. Findings of this study consolidates that palosuruan could be a new future promising therapeutic option in PAH. Further human studies may require the findings of our study. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract 16: Downregulation of CYLD leads to acquisition of mesenchymal state and increased migration via ligand-independent TGFβR1 activation in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Satoru Shinriki, Takuya Nakamura, Mitsuhiro Hayashi, Jianying Guo, Eri Atsuyama, Yasuharu Nishimura, Yutaka Yamamoto, Takanao Sueyoshi, Tomoko Ota, Masanori Shinohara, Yukio Ando
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The 5-year survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not changed apparently for the past 30 years. Although cylindromatosis (CYLD) is thought as a potent tumor suppressor, its biological significances in malignancies are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of CYLD in OSCC progression. We investigated expression of CYLD in OSCC including intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN; n = 48) and invasive carcinomas (n = 133) tissues and normal oral mucosal tissues (n = 35) by immunohistochemistry. In addition, effects of CYLD knockdown by siRNA transfection on OSCC progression using 5 OSCC cell lines (SAS, Tu4, HSC3, Ca9-22, and SCC-NA) and HaCaT keratinocytes. Our immunohistochemical analyses revealed that CYLD expression was significantly reduced at invasive lesions in OSCC tissues whereas it was conserved in normal epithelium and IEN. In addition, lower CYLD expression was associated with the correlation with the increased tumor size, advanced clinical stage, and poor overall survival in invasive OSCC. Accordingly, CYLD knockdown led to acquisition of mesenchymal state and increased migratory activity in all the OSCC cell lines as well as HaCaT keratinocytes. Notably, such EMT-like changes were completely blocked by a TGFβR1 inhibitor in all the OSCC cell lines, but not in HaCaT keratinocytes. Furthermore, treatment with excess amount of anti-TGFβ antibody (1D11) did not inhibit the EMT-like changes induced by CYLD repression. These findings suggest that downregulation of CYLD promotes invasion through EMT-like changes via ligand-independent TGFβR1 activation in OSCC cells in mechanisms distinct from normal epithelium. Further studies for these mechanisms probably provide new insights into the biology including “TGFβ switch” and development of a novel therapy in OSCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 16. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-16
Sexual behaviour of homosexual men with and without HIV infection differs
Authors: S E Tchamouroff
Journal: BMJ (1996)

abstained from sex immediately after their diagnosis, for periods ranging from a few months to two years, with a return to sex coinciding with a return of confidence and self esteem and a greater knowledge of the risks involved.Almost all participants observed that the frequency with which they had sex had declined since their diagnosis.Indeed, five men reported that they had not had a sexual relationship since their diagnosis.We are aware that the self selected nature of our sample may have biased the results obtained.Our study strongly suggests, however, that the sexual practices of many HIV positive homo- sexual and bisexual men may not correspond to those described by Catchpole and colleagues.Nevertheless, we agree with the authors' conten- tion that their data highlight the need for more effective health education messages, and we have found that this need was also expressed by the patients we surveyed.
Does chemotherapy improve survival in gall bladder cancer?
Authors: A. Sharma, R. Bedi, N. K. Shukla, V. Raina, B. K. Mohanti, S. V. S. Deo, N. S. Bedi, P. Garg, S. Thulkar, G. K. Rath
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

4202
A1.04 Type II collagen immune complex induce granulocyte dependent augmentation of chemokines via TLR4; a possible therapeutic target in early ra
Authors: VA Manivel, A Sohrabian, A Elshafie, J Rönnelid
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> RA patients with anti-collagen type II (CII) antibodies have a distinct acute onset phenotype, associated with cytokine induction by surface-bound anti-CII immune complexes (IC). Mononuclear cells and PMN are accumulated both in the synovial fluid and tissue, in close proximity to hyaline cartilage where anti-CII IC might form. Therefore we wanted to investigate to what extent these two cell types cooperate in anti-CII IC induced responses. <h3>Methods</h3> Healthy donor granulocytes (PMN) and PBMC were stimulated individually or together (cocultures) with surface-bound IC (anti-CII IC, tetanus toxoid (TT)/anti-TT IC, directly bound IgG), GM-CSF or LPS. Blocking and neutralising studies were performed with antibodies against TLR4, FcgγRIIa, FcgγRIII and GM-CSF. Supernatant cytokine and chemokine levels were analysed with ELISA or ALBIA. <h3>Results</h3> Anti-CII IC induced cytokine production by PBMC, whereas PMN alone produced negligible cytokine levels. TNF-aα production was downregulated in all coculture systems compared to PBMC cultures, whereas levels of CXCL8, RANTES and MCP-1 were specifically upregulated in anti-CII IC-stimulated cocultures. The CXCL8 upregulation was dependent on anti-CII IC, as CXCL8 production was downregulated in cocultures stimulated with other IC or LPS. The increase of CXCL8 in anti-CII IC stimulated cocultures was totally dependent on TLR4, partly on PMN enzymes, FcgγRIIa, FcgγRIII, and density of anti-CII in IC. Like anti-CII IC, GM-CSF induced coculture-dependent CXCL8 enhancement, and GM-CSF neutralisation diminished the anti-CII IC-dependent CXCL8 enhancement. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In anti-CII-positive RA patients, PMN amplify accumulation of inflammatory cells by inducing chemokines. This mechanism is dependent on TLR4, PMN enzymes, GM-CSF and the joint-specific autoantigen CII. Local TLR4 blockade, PMN enzyme inhibition or GM-CSF neutralisation might be used to suppress acute joint inflammation in early RA.
Antigen-presenting Cells
Authors: JONATHAN M. AUSTYN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

We present a summary of our experimental and clinical studies of dendritic cells (DCs) in five different areas. First, human DCs undergo chemotaxis and transendothelial migration in response to distinct chemokines, depending on their maturation state; inducible chemokines may recruit immature DCs to sites of inflammation and infection, whereas constitutive chemokines may regulate subsequent migration to lymphoid tissues. Second, M-tropic but not T-tropic strains of HIV-1 induce and modulate DC chemotaxis in culture; conceivably this may facilitate viral infection and contribute to pathogenesis in vivo. Third, malaria-infected erythrocytes modulate the maturation and inhibit the function of DCs; adhesion of infected erythrocytes to DCs may impart a selective advantage to the parasite by modulating host immunity. Fourth, a phase I clinical trial of DC-based immunotherapy of cancer has been initiated in which autologous DCs are administered directly into metastatic skin lesions; immune responses to a recall antigen, with which the cells were pulsed, were enhanced in several patients. Finally we describe the growth and characterization of a stably immature, maturation-resistant stage of DCs generated from mouse bone marrow that can induce transplantation tolerance in vivo, and outline studies of their capacity to induce responses of transgenic T cells in vivo.
Hepatic Dysfunction as a Complication of Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency
Authors: Mary E. Bollinger, Francisco X. Arredondo-Vega, Ines Santisteban, Kathleen Schwarz, Michael S. Hershfield, Howard M. Lederman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Complete deficiency of adenosine deaminase causes severe combined immunodeficiency that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The patients present in infancy with recurrent infections, lymphopenia, defective proliferative responses to mitogens, hypogammaglobulinemia, and an inability to mount specific antibody responses. Patients with a low level of residual adenosine deaminase activity have a later onset of clinical disease owing to a slower and sometimes less complete loss of immune function.1–3 Unlike other primary immunodeficiencies caused by defects in lymphocyte signaling pathways,4 adenosine deaminase deficiency is a systemic metabolic disorder. The enzymatic defect is expressed in all cells, and therefore the . . .
No effect
Authors: Jeff Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

To indicate “no” speechlessly, you shake your head. You might add a grimace and perhaps a grunt, such as “a-a” or “n-n.” These sounds give us prefixes and words that mean “no.”

The Greek privative prefix “a-” (expressing negation) can be seen in words such as aplasia, asterixis, astigmatism, atresia, and (as “an-”) anaesthetic, anorexia, and carbonic anhydrase. The prefix also occurs in Sanskrit, as in the Indian girl's name Amrita (literally “deathless”) from the Gods' drink of immortality (compare “ambrosia” in Greek). 

In Latin the equivalent was “in-” and its variants (“il-,” “im-,” “ir-”), as in incontinent, illegitimate, immature, and that irritating phrase, irregularly irregular. In Teutonic languages it became “un-” (unbalanced, unstriated). Many negative Latin words, such as negare (to naysay), begin with an “n”—ne (lest, or so that not), nec or neque (nor), non (not), num (surely not?), nil and nihil (nothing), nullus and nemo (no one), neuter (ne uter, not either), and nolle (to want not to, as in volens nolens, willy-nilly). Nepenthes, a Greek nickname for Apollo, gives us the opioid nepenthe (ne penthos = no sorrow).

Some surprising words have “no” in them. “Negotiate” was Latin necque otium (no leisure), “necessary” is from ne cessum (not given up), and “nice” was originally from nescius (stupid, from nescire (to be ignorant), see BMJ 2000;320:749).

My impression that more pieces of negative work are being published in bioscience journals has been confirmed by a quick search of Pubmed for papers whose titles contain the words “no effect.” From 1951 to 1970 there were 11. The 1951 example was in French,1 and the next, in 1958, was in English.2 Since then the number has been steadily increasing; in 2005 it was 91. This must be just the tip of the negative iceberg.

Journals and authors are certainly more willing to publish negative results nowadays. But are we perhaps also running out of scientific steam?
Abstract 3011: The role of peroxidasin in human prostate cancer.
Authors: Keith Woods
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Peroxidasin is a peroxidase associated with kidney disease and its function is not totally known. Peroxidasin was identified first in the common fruit fly, or Drosophilia, where its function has not been identified, but is expressed in different stages of development. When peroxidasin was identified in the human system, it was found in colon cancer cell lines as the product of a p-53 response gene. It was originally called melanoma gene 50 because it was speculated to be a potent-melanoma associated antigen. In previous studies, we have found using real-time PCR array, that peroxidasin is up regulated 300-fold in ARCaP prostate cancer cell line overexpressing Snail transcription factor. Snail is the transcriptional factor that is involved in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, or EMT, which is associated with increased migration and metastasis. Snail down-regulates cell-cell association genes like E-cadherin and up-regulates mesenchymal genes like vimentin. We hypothesized that the enzyme, peroxidasin, will be one of the causes for increased cellular migration and increased tumor progression in aggressive prostate cancer. By using Western Blot, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical analyses, peroxidasin presence was examined in normal prostate epithelial tissue, prostate cancer patient tissue, non-metastatic and metastatic prostate cancer cell lines. We also utilized LNCaP and ARCaP prostate cancer cell lines that were modified to over-express Snail to better ascertain the regulation of peroxidasin by Snail in these cell lines. So far, we have found that peroxidasin is increased in prostate cancer patient tissue as compared to normal epithelial tissue. Peroxidasin is also expressed at varying levels in prostate cancer cell lines. LNCaP and ARCaP Snail-transfected cells also expressed more peroxidasin as compared to empty vector Neo control cells. Migration, invasion, and adhesion assays will be performed to examine the role of peroxidasin in these biological pathways. Based on the results, future studies will focus on the migration of prostate cancer cells towards nerve cells and if peroxidasin presence is significant to this process. Overall, we have shown that peroxidasin is highly expressed in prostate cancer and its expression is mediated by Snail transcription factor. Supported by grants P20MD002285-01 &amp; G12RR003062-22. Citation Format: Keith Woods. The role of peroxidasin in human prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3011. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3011
ADHERENCE TO GUIDELINE RECOMMENDATIONS IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: FINDINGS FROM ORBIT-AF
Authors: Adam Barnett, Sunghee Kim, Laine Thomas, Gregg Fonarow, Kenneth Mahaffey, Peter Kowey, Jack Ansell, Bernard Gersh, Alan S. Go, Elaine Hylek, Eric Peterson, Jonathan Piccini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
SAT0254 Immunohistological analysis of chondrocytes in facet joints from anklyosing spondylitis patients:
Authors: J. Bleil, U. Syrbe, R. Maier, J. Sieper, H. Appel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Beside inflammation new bone formation and ankylosis are a major issue in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The mechanisms leading to new bone formation and ankylosis in AS are still purely understood. <h3>Objectives</h3> We have undertaken a histopathological analysis of chondrocytes and cartilage from facet joints of AS patients and compared the results to osteoarthritis (OA) patients and controls in order to analyze mechanisms of new bone formation and ankylosis in diarthrodial joints. <h3>Methods</h3> Facet joints from 15 AS, 12 OA patients and 8 controls (autopsies without spinal diseases) were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect different biomarkers indicating anabolic (Collagen II, Collagen X, beta-Catenin, Sox9, Runx2) or catabolic/anti-anabolic (sclerostin, MMP3, MMP13) processes in the cartilage. Areas of interest were defined by alcian blue staining. All chondrocytes-of the entire joint space were counted including a subanalysis of three regions: (1) superficial zone; (2) proliferating zone; (3) tidemark. <h3>Results</h3> The staining results and statistical analysis are summarized in table 1. The percentage of biomarker positive cells is shown. The subanalysis of the different cartilage regions revealed that in the tidemark (region3) AS- (p=0,006) and OA-patients (p=0,0008) displayed significantly more Runx2+cells than controls. In AS patients collagen X+ chondrocytes were mainly observed again in region 3 and in the cartilage of already ankylosed facet joints. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Several anabolic and catabolic factors are clearly less expressed in chondrocytes from AS patients compared to OA and are rather close to the findings in controls. Interestingly, sclerostin was significantly lower expressed in AS patients compared to OA and controls while Collagen II was significantly higher expressed in AS in comparison to the OA patients and controls, possibly indicating that chondrocytes seem to play a major role in repair mechanisms in AS. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Tc-99m MDP and Tl-201 Scintigraphy in a Case of Metastatic Meningeal Hemangiopericytoma
Authors: M Kaya, T F Cermik, S Hacimahmutoglu, A Salan, K Saridogan, B Cakir, O N Yigitbasi, S Berkarda
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Kaya, Meryem M.D.*; Cermik, T. Fikret M.D.*; Hacimahmutoglu, Sevim M.D.*; Salan, Ahmet M.D.*; Saridogan, Kenan M.D.†; Cakir, Bilge M.D.‡; Yigitbasi, Omer N. Ph.D.*; Berkarda, Sakir M.D.* Author Information
Suprasternal notch needle decompression to treat severe pneumomediastinum
Authors: Jiaoyang Lu, Minhua Zheng, Xiuli Zuo, Yanqing Li, Xuefeng Lu
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

A 56-year-old man underwent endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection (ESTD) for an esophageal submucosal tumor. Because the patient had the co-morbidity of moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), room-air insufflation instead of carbon dioxide insufflation was used during the operation. We began the procedure by making a longitudinal incision 4 cm above the targeted tumor; a submucosal tunnel was then created downward to the distal end of the tumor. The tumor was dissected en bloc from the surrounding submucosal tissues and smooth muscle fibers ([Fig. 1 a]), and retrieved orally. The initial mucosal incision was closed by clips.