tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transfer RNA and Transfer RNA Methylase Activity in Spleens of Patients With Hodgkin's Disease and Histiocytic Lymphoma
Authors: T.L. Murphy, I.A. Cooper, G.W. Wray, P.N.J. Ironside, J. Matthews
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

tRNA levels, base composition, and tRNA methylase activities of normal and tumor tissue from the spleens of 24 patients (18 with Hodgkin's disease and 6 with histiocytic lymphoma) were studied. There were no significant differences in major base composition of normal and tumor tissue. Methylated guanosine was increased in tumor tissue of some patients, and tRNA methylase activities were increased in extracts from the tumors.
Erratum to: Host lifestyle affects human microbiota on daily timescales
Authors: Lawrence A. David, Arne C. Materna, Jonathan Friedman, Maria I. C. Baptista, Matthew C. Blackburn, Allison Perrotta, Susan E. Erdman, Eric J. Alm
Journal: Genome biology (2016)

As a result of a production error during the type-setting of the final version of the article [1], a number of additional files were incorrectly published, with the files not matching the Additional Files legends. All additional files for this article are republished below in the correct order. The publisher apologizes for the error and any confusion caused.
PTH-112 Changing trends in hepatocellular carcinoma presentation: a 5-year regional hepatobiliary centre experience in liverpool, uk
Authors: NG Ladep, O Noorullah, C Sieberhagen, E Boland, WY Ding, T Cross, R Sturgess, N Stern
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been increasing in several Western countries, including England and Wales. We aimed at exploring the yearly trends, stage at presentation, treatment and survival of patients diagnosed with HCC within the North West region of England and Wales. <h3>Method</h3> Consecutive patients discussed during 2009 to 2014 in the HCC multidisciplinary team activities of North West region of England and Wales, were included in the study. Trends in age category, mode of diagnosis, BCLC stage at diagnosis and treatment of cases were calculated. Using Kaplan Meier survival statistic, we estimated the overall survival (OS) of HCC cases. Additionally, BCLC stage and age categories were log-ranked to determine trends in survival. Furthermore, independent factors contributing to the survival of these patients were examined using Cox proportional regression modelling. A post hoc analysis of impact of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) versus resection and transplantation (Surgical treatment) on survival was carried out. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 671 [512 (76.3%) men; 159 (23.7%) women] persons, mean age –68 yrs (range: 40–98) were diagnosed. There were 36 cases in 2009, rising steadily to 165 in 2014 with significant trend in the proportion of patients diagnosed with BCLC stage 0 disease (p = 0.02). Alcohol, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and viral hepatitis were associated aetiological factors in 156 (23.2%), 103(15.4%) and 99 (14.8%) patients, respectively. 387 (77.1%) had HCC in the background of cirrhosis, and majority; 182 (27.8%) were at BCLC stage B clinical stage at diagnosis. Median overall survival (OS) was 14 months (range, 11–16); and 1, 2 and 4 yr survival rates of 50.4%, 30.9% and 13.1%, respectively. Independent predictors of mortality were AFP≥400 ng/mL (HR: 3.2, p &lt; 0.0001), BCLC D (HR: 2.0, p = 0.02), age below 55 yrs (HR: –0.5, p = 0.03), absence of cirrhosis (HR: –0.5, p = 0.03), curative therapy (HR: –0.2, p &lt; 0.0001) and loco-regional therapy (HR-0.2, p &lt; 0.0001). No significant difference was found in OS of patients treated by Surgical treatment versus RFA (48 months vs 36 months, p = 0.95). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Although an increasing rate of early stage diagnosis of HCC is being achieved, this has yet to result in significant survival benefit, suggesting a lead time bias phenomenon. A comparable survival benefit of RFA vs surgical treatment supports the fact that RFA could be an alternative therapy to surgical intervention. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Surveillance of influenza in the North-West Region of England 2001-02
Authors: C M Regan, W Sopwith, M Ashton, Q Syed, M Painter, K Mutton, K Paver
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2002)

A local sentinel network of general practitioners has been established in the north west of England for the surveillance of influenza. In the 2001-02 winter, consultation rates for influenza-like-illness (ILI) were low but the surveillance network was able to demonstrate sub-regional variations in the timing of peak influenza activity, and the infection of different age groups. This suggests the network can contribute to better planning to winter pressures on the North West health service.
Surgeon allowed to leave medical register without being investigated
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The General Medical Council has allowed the former head of the Department of Neurosurgery at Dundee University medical school to remove himself voluntarily from the medical register rather than face a fitness to practise hearing.

Sam Eljamel, who was a consultant neurosurgeon at Ninewells Hospital in Dundee and a professor at the university, stepped down from both jobs and later retired from the NHS after the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service made an interim order barring him from doing spinal surgery.

The interim order, which also banned him from private practice, was …
William Osler and medical journalism
Authors: C. G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1967)

In 1899, in a memorial to his friend and colleague, William Pepper, Osler wrote: It seems to me that for so young a man, Pepper had a great deal of good sense to have avoided the pitfalls of medical journalism. He must have seen at an early date that to be successful in it meant practically the sacrifice of everything else.<sup>1</sup> Osler would seem, then, not favorably disposed toward medical journalism. Nevertheless, whatever the pitfalls of medical journalism, Osler was extremely successful in this endeavor; nor did he have to make any detectable sacrifice of other ambitions or projects. Medical journalism is not always an easily defined activity. We might consider that it has three phases, each shading into the other. First, there is the medical editing done by most—but, lamentably, not all—authors. Editing and revising your own writing must be one of the most arduous of intellectual tasks.
Industrial Health Service
Authors: P Krasucki
Journal: JAMA (1934)

This book is written to give the general practi- tioner and the student an unbiassed opinion on the value of radiotherapy in gynsecology, where it finds its greatest field of usefulness.Although used widely in cancer, it is also useful in menopausal bleeding, in fibroids, and In tuberculous lesions.The book is divided into three sections, the first of which deals briefly and concisely with the physics of x-ray and radium, the biological effects of gamma rays, and the 'dose and methods of applying radium.in the second section the cancer problem is discussed.Malignant disease of the cervix, fundus, vagina and vulva, their symptomatology and pathology, and finally methods of treatment are discussed.The various means of applying radium as carried out in 5 or 6 of the larger centres, and a statistical report of the results obtained are given.The third section deals with benign pelvic conditions which respond to radium and x-ray therapy, notably abnormal menopausal bleeding and fibroids, and when such treatment is to be recom- mended.The book closes with a chapter warning against over-radiation and its disastrous effects.
Delirium and agitation at the end of life
Authors: Christian M G Hosker, Michael I Bennett
Journal: BMJ (2016)

#### What you need to know Delirium is common in the last weeks or days of life.1 It can be distressing for patients and those around them. Successful management involves excluding reversible causes of delirium and balancing drugs that may provoke or maintain delirium while appreciating that most patients want to retain clear cognition at the end of life. #### Sources and selection criteria We searched Medline, Clinical Evidence, and the Cochrane Library using the terms delirium, terminal, terminal care, palliative care, palliative medicine, and end of life. Where possible we used systematic reviews and referenced these rather than the individual trials. Our search was limited to citations from 1990 to December 2015. We also searched the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Delirium is the abrupt onset of fluctuating confusion, inattention, and reduced awareness of the environment. Symptoms can affect different areas of cognition (memory, orientation, language, visuospatial ability, or perception) and may include hallucinations and disturbances in the sleep-wake cycle (box 1).2 Delirium can therefore be distressing to people who experience it and those around them.3 Delirium is classified into hyperactive (restlessness and agitated behaviour predominate), hypoactive (drowsiness and inactivity predominate), and mixed subtypes. The more subtle changes associated with the hypoactive form are often missed.4 #### Box 1: What are the symptoms?
Carcinogenicity of the Antineoplastic Agent, 5-(3,3-Dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole- 4-carboxamide, and Its Metabolites in Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: D D Beal, J L Skibba, W A Croft, S M Cohen, G T Bryan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Chronic oral administration of the antineoplastic agent, 5-(3,3-dimethyl-l-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (NSC-45388, DTIC), induced predominantly thymic and mammary tumors as demonstrated previously. Male and female Sprague-Oawley and female Buffalo rats were susceptible to the carcinogenicity of DTIC. A 50% incidence of mammary adenocarcinomas was induced in males within 18 weeks. Type of tumor and tumor incidence were dose dependent. Single and multiple intraperitoneal injections of DTIC did not alter organ specificity. DTIC-induced thymic lymphosarcomas and mammary adenocarcinomas were transplantable. Tissue distribution studies revealed no correlation between uptake of DTIC by a given tissue and its susceptibility to carcinogenicity. Metabolites of DTIC were tested for carcinogenic activity. Animals administered 5-diazoimidazole-4-carboxamide orally, intraperitoneally, or intragastrically developed low incidences of thymic, stomach, bladder, or mammary tumors. A low incidence of mammary tumors developed in rats fed 2-azahypoxanthine. A variety of tumors, including several ependymoblastomas, were induced in rats that received 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide orally. 5-(3-Methyl-l-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (MTIC), when fed or given in single or multiple intraperitoneal injections, induced a high incidence of mammary adenofibromas and a low incidence of uterine leiomyosarcomas. Control rats had low incidences of mammary adenocarcinomas and adenofibromas after 52 weeks. These data show that the carcinogenic properties of DTIC resemble those of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds, hydrazine, azo, and azoxy-alkanes and aryltriazenes and thus suggest similar mechanism(s) of action. These data also indicate that MTIC is involved in the induction of mammary adenofibromas and uterine leiomyosarcomas by DTIC.
The Editor
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

There used to be something ritualistic about the Journal's monthly Editorial Board meetings. In the days before 1966 Board members held lifelong appointments and all belonged to Boston's medical elite, men like Herrman Blumgart, Donald Munro, Maxwell Finland and Chester Jones, men accustomed to voicing their opinions but not necessarily accustomed to having them disputed. This group usually assembled punctually to await the entry of the Editor flanked by his relatively youthful Associate Editors, each bearing wire baskets overflowing with manuscripts about to learn their fate. A few moments of silence ensued as everyone studied the "C" list, titles of . . .
February 11, 1926 - Cases Shown at the Clinical Meeting Held at the National Hospital for the Paralysed and Epileptic, Queen Square, W.c.1., March 11, 1926: Spondylitis of Upper Cervical Vertebræ including Atlas and Axis, with Cord Compression. Typhoid Origin
Authors: Redvers N. Ironside
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1926)
Incidence, etiology, and outcome of pleural effusions in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Dipenkumar Modi, Hyejeong Jang, Seongho Kim, Abhinav Deol, Lois Ayash, Divaya Bhutani, Lawrence G. Lum, Voravit Ratanatharathorn, Richard Manasa, Kendra Mellert, Joseph P. Uberti
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2016)

Pleural effusion is a known entity in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT); however, the incidence, risk factors, and morbidity-mortality outcomes associated with pleural effusions remain unknown. We retrospectively evaluated pleural effusions in 618 consecutive adult patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT from January 2008 to December 2013 at our institution. Seventy one patients developed pleural effusion at a median of 40 days (range, 1 - 869) post-HSCT with the cumulative incidence of 9.9% (95% CI, 7.7 - 12.5%) at 1 year. Infectious etiology was commonly associated with pleural effusions followed by volume overload and serositis type chronic GVHD. In multivariate analysis, higher comorbidity index (P = 0.03) and active GVHD (P = 0.018) were found to be significant independent predictors for pleural effusion development. Higher comorbidity index, very high disease risk index, ≤7/8 HLA matching, and unrelated donor were associated with inferior overall survival (OS) (P < 0.03). More importantly, patients with pleural effusion were noted to have poor OS in comparison to patients without pleural effusion (P < 0.001). Overall, pleural effusion is a frequently occurring complication after allogeneic HSCT, adding to morbidity and mortality and hence, early identification is required. Am. J. Hematol. 91:E341-E347, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Georges Clemenceau
Authors: Robert W. Buck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

PIERRE-Paul Clemenceau (1749–1825). greatgrandfather of the World War I premier of France, was a physician who was also active in village, communal and national politics. Grandfather Paul-Jules Benjamin, born in 1777, practiced medicine all his life; father Paul-Benjamin (1810–1897), who was also a physician, after the age of forty devoted himself to music, painting and sculpture. An excursion into conspiratory politics resulted in his deportation to Algeria in 1858. Son Georges (aged seventeen) dashed through the cordon of guards who were taking his father from prison to exile, exclaiming, "Je te vengerai, pere" — a scene worthy of . . .
PEGylated human IL-10 (AM0010) in advanced solid tumors
Authors: A. Naing, J.R. Infante, K. Papadopoulos, K. Autio, P. Ott, D. Wong, G.S. Falchook, M.R. Patel, S. Pant, M. Oft
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Can project management principles help the sports clinician manage return to play?
Authors: Boris Gojanovic, François Fourchet, Per Bo Mahler, Finn Mahler
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

Clinicians face return-to-play (RTP) decisions on a daily basis, and a lot of discussions revolve around which criteria are most helpful for decision-making. The models around RTP have a strong focus on biological and physiological aspects (tissue healing and body function), and recently started to integrate psychological aspects (biopsychosocial models).1 These models individualise RTP, by considering athlete-related factors, but fail to consider the myriad extrinsic parameters that influence and modify RTP issues. Here, the Strategic Assessment of Risk and Risk Tolerance model,2 which organises the available information into factors that determine participation risk and introduces a further layer (step 3=risk tolerance modifiers) to account for these other factors, can help the decisionmaker/s.

Looking at the broader picture of RTP, we see that decision-making processes are the end result of a series of steps, starting from injury occurrence. To provide an optimal path to RTP, these steps must be defined and their execution mastered, often in complex multistakeholder environments typical of elite sports. We believe that we can learn from management principles to implement better RTP approaches.

Project management (PM) defines a project as a temporary endeavour to create a unique …
Next Generation Sequencing Identifies a Novel Subset of Non-Down Syndrome Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia Characterized By Chimeric Transcripts Involving HOX Cluster Genes
Authors: Jasmijn de Rooij, Cristyn Branstetter, Jing Ma, Yongjin Li, Jinjun Cheng, Cary Koss, John Easton, Lonneke Jantine Verboon, Heather L. Mulder, Michael Rusch, Joshua Yew Suang Lim, Katarina Reinhardt, Allen Eng Juh Yeoh, Lee-Yung Shih, Der-Cherng Liang, Stephanie Halene, Diane S Krause, Jinghui Zhang, James R. Downing, Franco Locatelli, Dirk Reinhardt, Marry M van den Heuvel-Eibrink, Maarten Forenerod, C. Michel Zwaan, Tanja A. Gruber
Journal: Blood (2015)
Histone Demethylation and Toll‐like Receptor 8–Dependent Cross‐Talk in Monocytes Promotes Transdifferentiation of Fibroblasts in Systemic Sclerosis Via Fra‐2
Authors: Marzena Ciechomska, Steven O'Reilly, Stefan Przyborski, Fiona Oakley, Katarzyna Bogunia‐Kubik, Jacob M. van Laar
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2016)

To investigate whether epigenetic changes can modulate monocytes to produce tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) via Fra-2 (an activator protein 1 [AP-1] family member), a novel downstream mediator that promotes fibrogenesis.AP-1 transcription factors and TIMP-1 expression were measured in monocytes from systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients and healthy controls. Involvement of Fra-2 in the regulation of TIMP-1 following treatment with Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR-8) agonist was investigated using a luciferase activity assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis. Expression of TIMP-1 and Fra-2 was determined in response to TLR-8 treatment and to different histone modifications, including 3'-deazaneplanocin (DZNep) and apicidin. Fibroblasts from healthy controls were cocultured with DZNep plus TLR-8-treated healthy control monocytes.Up-regulation of Fra-2 was detected in bleomycin-challenged mice and in skin biopsy samples from SSc patients. Enhanced expression of Fra-2 and TIMP-1 was correlated in SSc monocytes (P = 0.021). The expression of Fra-1 was significantly reduced (P = 0.037) in SSc monocytes. Inhibiting AP-1 activity reduced TIMP-1 production in TLR-8-stimulated monocytes from healthy controls and SSc patients. ChIP experiments revealed binding of Fra-2 to the TIMP-1 promoter. Stimulation with DZNep plus TLR-8 enhanced Fra-2 and TIMP-1 expression in healthy control monocytes, whereas TLR-8 plus apicidin repressed Fra-2 and TIMP-1 expression. Finally, healthy control monocytes treated with DZNep plus TLR-8 induced strong production of α-smooth muscle actin in dermal fibroblasts, which was inhibited by TIMP-1-blocking antibody.These data demonstrate a novel role of histone demethylation induced by DZNep on Fra-2-mediated TIMP-1 production by monocytes in the presence of TLR-8 agonist. This consequently orchestrates the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts, a key event in the pathogenesis of SSc.
PWE-273 An international comparison of clinical practice guidelines for the management of malignant colorectal polyps
Authors: A Currie, A Malik, A Askari, S Nachiappan, S Thomas-Gibson, O Faiz, R Kennedy
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Due to the varying risks of residual disease that have been reported after removal of malignant polyps, clinicians rely on clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to inform decision-making. This study qualitatively and quantitatively compared the internationally published guidelines on the management of malignant colorectal polyps. <h3>Method</h3> A systematic literature search was undertaken to identify malignant colorectal polyp CPGs. Quantitative comparison was based on the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE II), a validated CPG appraisal tool which assesses 6 domains: scope and purpose; stakeholder involvement; rigour of development; clarity and presentation; applicability; and editorial independence. Histopathological risk factor assessment and treatment recommendations were further analysed for supporting levels of evidence and scientific agreement. <h3>Results</h3> Eleven International malignant colorectal polyp guidance documents were included. The AGREE assessment demonstrated significant variation in all quality domains across the CPGs. The scope and purpose domain showed the highest level of quality (median: 91%, interquartile range (IQR): 86–97%). The Applicability domain showed the lowest level of quality (median: 43%, IQR: 35–55%). Risk was attributed dichotomously (low/high risk) to malignant polyps in 8/11 CPGs and in a graded fashion in the remainder. Importantly, there were disagreements regarding which histopathological findings carried risk. Significant variation was found for degree of risk between CPGs for resection margins, tumour budding and depth of invasion. No CPG was able to provide a comprehensive analysis when multiple histopathogical risk factors are present in an MCP. The indications for local excision also demonstrated considerable variation. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There is variation in evidence interpretation and recommendations between widely used malignant colorectal polyp CPGs. Improvements in the underlying evidence base, particularly defining accurate probabilities of residual disease in the presence of multiple histopathological risk factors, are required to allow clinicians to provide personalised care to this complex patient group. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
The burden of conditions not attributable to mental disorders
Authors: C M Siddique, T D Aubry, D Mulhall
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The purpose of this study was to extend previous findings on the relationship of V code conditions to use of psychiatric services and treatment outcome.The group under study involved 2,542 outpatients from three community mental health centers in Nova Scotia, Canada. From this group, three subgroups of patients were compared: 1) patients with V code conditions, 2) patients with DSM-III-R mental disorders, and 3) patients with both V code conditions and mental disorders.The majority of patients (61.8%) were diagnosed with V code conditions, and a substantial minority (19.6%) had V code conditions as the sole diagnoses. Patients with V code conditions without mental disorders were similar to patients with mental disorders in consumption of treatment resources and treatment outcome.Strategies for improving the efficiency of mental health services to patients with V code conditions need to be developed.