tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association
Authors: Sheri R. Colberg, Ronald J. Sigal, Jane E. Yardley, Michael C. Riddell, David W. Dunstan, Paddy C. Dempsey, Edward S. Horton, Kristin Castorino, Deborah F. Tate
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

The adoption and maintenance of physical activity are critical foci for blood glucose management and overall health in individuals with diabetes and prediabetes. Recommendations and precautions vary depending on individual characteristics and health status. In this Position Statement, we provide a clinically oriented review and evidence-based recommendations regarding physical activity and exercise in people with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus, and prediabetes.

Physical activity includes all movement that increases energy use, whereas exercise is planned, structured physical activity. Exercise improves blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes, reduces cardiovascular risk factors, contributes to weight loss, and improves well-being (1,2). Regular exercise may prevent or delay type 2 diabetes development (3). Regular exercise also has considerable health benefits for people with type 1 diabetes (e.g., improved cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, insulin sensitivity, etc.) (4). The challenges related to blood glucose management vary with diabetes type, activity type, and presence of diabetes-related complications (5,6). Physical activity and exercise recommendations, therefore, should be tailored to meet the specific needs of each individual.

Physical activity recommendations and precautions may vary by diabetes type. The primary types of diabetes are type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes (5%–10% of cases) results from cellular-mediated autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic β-cells, producing insulin deficiency (7). Although it can occur at any age, β-cell destruction rates vary, typically occurring more rapidly in youth than in adults. Type 2 diabetes (90%–95% of cases) results from a progressive loss of insulin secretion, usually also with insulin resistance. Gestational diabetes mellitus occurs during pregnancy, with screening typically occurring at 24–28 weeks of gestation in pregnant women not previously known to have diabetes. Prediabetes is diagnosed when blood glucose levels are above the normal range but not high enough to be classified as …
Wheat Fhb1 encodes a chimeric lectin with agglutinin domains and a pore-forming toxin-like domain conferring resistance to Fusarium head blight
Authors: Nidhi Rawat, Michael O Pumphrey, Sixin Liu, Xiaofei Zhang, Vijay K Tiwari, Kaori Ando, Harold N Trick, William W Bockus, Eduard Akhunov, James A Anderson, Bikram S Gill
Journal: Nature Genetics (2016)
Noncolorectal Gastrointestinal Cancers—What Did We Learn in 2016?
Authors: Lingling Du, Albert Craig Lockhart
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
GW26-e5356 Structure-activity Relationships of Flavonoids in Plants of Ampelopsis Grossedentat on Inhibiting hKv1.5 Channels
Authors: Xianhong Ou, Xiaohong Bin, Miaoling Li, Yefei Yuan, Yong Ye, Rui Liu, Xinrong Fan, Luzhen Wang, Yan Yang, Xiaorong Zeng
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Fludarabine Treatment Is Associated with Depletion of Host CD4+CD25high, FOXP3+, CTLA-4+ Cells and Increased Incidences of Full Donor Chimerism and GVHD in Non-Myeloablative Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients.
Authors: Juanita M. Shaffer, Jean Villard, Terry Means, David Dombkowski, Bimalangshu Dey, Steven McAffee, Karen Ballen, Karen Power, Susan Saidman, Fredric Preffer, Thomas R. Spitzer, Megan Sykes
Journal: Blood (2005)
GW26-e2501 Xanthine oxidase inhibition prevents atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits
Authors: Jianping Zhao, Jiuchun Qiu, Jian Li, Xue Liang, Yajuan Yang, Zhiwei Zhang, Guangping Li, Tong Liu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Erythema Nodosum–Like Panniculitis as a False-Positive 18F-FDG PET/CT in Advanced Melanoma Treated With Dabrafenib and Trametinib
Authors: Isabel Martínez-Rodríguez, Almudena García-Castaño, Remedios Quirce, Julio Jiménez-Bonilla, Ignacio Banzo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

We present a 35-year-old woman with left axillary mass. Histopathological analysis revealed metastatic infiltration for BRAF-mutant melanoma. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy as well as bone and subcutaneous metastases. Dabrafenib (a BRAF inhibitor) and trametinib (a MEK inhibitor) combined therapy was started with a complete metabolic response established by 2 consecutive PET/CT scans. A follow-up PET/CT showed FDG uptake in several subcutaneous nodules in both distal legs, suggesting metastases. Painless cutaneous lesions were observed on physical examination, and biopsy revealed erythema nodosum–like panniculitis.
Ex Vivo Pharmacologic Modulation in a Nutrient-Rich Medium to Accelerate Engraftment of Human Umbilical Cord Blood
Authors: Corey S Cutler, Daniel Shoemaker, Peter Westervelt, Daniel R. Couriel, Sumithra Vasu, Luis M. Isola, Chatchada Karanes, Laura Newell, Betsy Rezner, Lisa Guerrettaz, David Robbins, Amanda Medcalf, Scott Wolchko, John Ferraro, Pratik S. Multani
Journal: Blood (2014)
Association of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and fibrosis: patient with GATA2 deficiency
Authors: Alice Ballerie, Stanislas Nimubona, Catherine Meunier, Francisco Llamas Gutierrez, Benoît Desrues, Philippe Delaval, Stéphane Jouneau
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare syndrome characterised by an abnormal accumulation of surfactant proteins in pulmonary alveoli which impairs gas exchange [1]. PAP is classified into three groups: autoimmune PAP (aPAP), defined by the presence of anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) autoantibodies, secondary PAP (sPAP) and genetic PAP. Haematological diseases are the most common causes of sPAP, particularly myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) [1, 2]. The diagnosis of PAP is based on a chest computed tomography (CT) scan, which demonstrates a crazy-paving pattern, and a typical positive periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) staining of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) [3]. Nowadays, a surgical lung biopsy is seldom needed to diagnose PAP, except for atypical presentation as in the case described below with concomitant pulmonary fibrosis and sPAP in a patient with GATA2 (GATA binding protein 2) deficiency. Lymphoedema, myelodysplasia, fibrosis and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis complicating a novel GATA2 mutation <http://ow.ly/RHci303h8ks> The authors thank Marie de Tayrac (Service de génétique moléculaire et génomique, hôpital Pontchaillou and UMR 6290 Institut de génétique et développement, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France) for her help with molecular genetic databases.
Do Mobile Phone Applications Improve Glycemic Control (HbA1c) in the Self-management of Diabetes? A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and GRADE of 14 Randomized Trials
Authors: Can Hou, Ben Carter, Jonathan Hewitt, Trevor Francisa, Sharon Mayor
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of mobile phone applications (apps) on glycemic control (HbA1c) in the self-management of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Relevant studies that were published between 1 January 1996 and 1 June 2015 were searched from five databases: Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase. Randomized controlled trials that evaluated diabetes apps were included. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) of the evidence. RESULTS Participants from 14 studies (n = 1,360) were included and quality assessed. Although there may have been clinical diversity, all type 2 diabetes studies reported a reduction in HbA1c. The mean reduction in participants using an app compared with control was 0.49% (95% Cl 0.30, 0.68; I2 = 10%), with a moderate GRADE of evidence. Subgroup analyses indicated that younger patients were more likely to benefit from the use of diabetes apps, and the effect size was enhanced with health care professional feedback. There was inadequate data to describe the effectiveness of apps for type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Apps may be an effective component to help control HbA1c and could be considered as an adjuvant intervention to the standard self-management for patients with type 2 diabetes. Given the reported clinical effect, access, and nominal cost of this technology, it is likely to be effective at the population level. The functionality and use of this technology need to be standardized, but policy and guidance are anticipated to improve diabetes self-management care.
An Unexpected Role for Ribonuclease Inhibitor (RNH1) in Erythropoiesis
Authors: Ramanjaneyulu Allam, Vijaykumar Chennupati, Diogo F.T. Veiga, Kendle M Maslowski, Aubry Tardivel, Manfredo Quadroni, Michel Duchosal, H Robson MacDonald, Nicolas Fasel, Anne Angelillo-Scherrer, Pascal Schneider, Trang Hoang
Journal: Blood (2014)
Assessment of Incidence Toxoplasma Gondii Infection and Outcomes in Allogeneic Stem Cell Patients
Authors: Sairah Ahmed, Elizabeth J Shpall, Alison Gulbis, Roy Jones, Charles S. Martinez, Gabriela Rondon, Katayoun Rezvani, Betul Oran, Amanda Olson, Nina Shah, Simrit Parmar, Uday R. Popat, Amin M. Alousi, Yago Nieto, Chitra M. Hosing, Qaiser Bashir, Partow Kebriaei, Muzaffar H. Qazilbash, Richard E. Champlin, Victor E. Mulanovich
Journal: Blood (2014)
Congestive heart failure (CHF) in older women treated with anthracycline (A) chemotherapy (C)
Authors: S. H. Giordano, M. Pinder, Z. Duan, G. Hortobagyi, J. Goodwin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

521 Background: There are little available data on the long-term cardiac safety of anthracycline chemotherapy in women over age 65, so we evaluated rates and predictors of CHF in this population of older women. Methods: We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare (SEER-Medicare) database and included women aged 66–90 years who were diagnosed with breast cancer from 1992–1999, had no other cancers, and no history of CHF. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the 5- and 10-year cumulative rates of CHF and to determine the factors independently associated with the development of CHF. Results: A total of 34,621 women were included in this observational study: 28,640 who received no C, 3253 who received non-A C, and 2728 who received A C. Women who received A tended to be younger, have lower comorbidity scores, and have more advanced disease than women treated with non-A chemo or women who did not receive chemotherapy (p&lt;0.001 for each). By multivariable Cox regression analysis, the 5- and 10-year rates of CHF in women aged 66–70 years were 19% and 47% for the A C cohort, 14% and 33% for the non-A C cohort, and 12% and 28% for the no C cohort. The adjusted hazard ratio was 1.45 (95% CI 1.19–1.76) for A C versus other C and was 0.97 (95% CI 0.82–1.14) for no C versus other C. The rates of CHF were not statistically different among women in the older age cohorts, although selection biases were likely stronger. Other significant predictors of CHF included black race (HR 1.28, 1.17–1.40), increasing comorbidity, and preceding diagnosis of hypertension (HR 1.40, 1.34–1.47), diabetes (HR 1.23, 1.16–1.30), and peripheral vascular disease (HR 1.26, 1.19–1.34). Conclusions: Although women ages 66–70 treated with A tended to be healthier than women treated with other types of chemotherapy, the rates of CHF among women treated with A were significantly higher. The difference in rates of CHF continued to increase through 10 years of follow-up. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Noninvasive Ventilation of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Insights from the LUNG SAFE Study
Authors: Giacomo Bellani, John G. Laffey, Tài Pham, Fabiana Madotto, Eddy Fan, Laurent Brochard, Andres Esteban, Luciano Gattinoni, Vesna Bumbasirevic, Lise Piquilloud, Frank van Haren, Anders Larsson, Daniel F. McAuley, Philippe R. Bauer, Yaseen M. Arabi, Marco Ranieri, Massimo Antonelli, Gordon D. Rubenfeld, B. Taylor Thompson, Hermann Wrigge, Arthur S. Slutsky, Antonio Pesenti
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is increasingly used in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The evidence supporting NIV use in patients with ARDS remains relatively sparse.To determine whether, during NIV, the categorization of ARDS severity based on the PaO2/FiO2 Berlin criteria is useful.The LUNG SAFE (Large Observational Study to Understand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Failure) study described the management of patients with ARDS. This substudy examines the current practice of NIV use in ARDS, the utility of the PaO2/FiO2 ratio in classifying patients receiving NIV, and the impact of NIV on outcome.Of 2,813 patients with ARDS, 436 (15.5%) were managed with NIV on Days 1 and 2 following fulfillment of diagnostic criteria. Classification of ARDS severity based on PaO2/FiO2 ratio was associated with an increase in intensity of ventilatory support, NIV failure, and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. NIV failure occurred in 22.2% of mild, 42.3% of moderate, and 47.1% of patients with severe ARDS. Hospital mortality in patients with NIV success and failure was 16.1% and 45.4%, respectively. NIV use was independently associated with increased ICU (hazard ratio, 1.446 [95% confidence interval, 1.159-1.805]), but not hospital, mortality. In a propensity matched analysis, ICU mortality was higher in NIV than invasively ventilated patients with a PaO2/FiO2 lower than 150 mm Hg.NIV was used in 15% of patients with ARDS, irrespective of severity category. NIV seems to be associated with higher ICU mortality in patients with a PaO2/FiO2 lower than 150 mm Hg. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 02010073).
Imaging characteristics of patients with prostate cancer who discontinued active holistic surveillance on 3T multiparametric prostate MRI.
Authors: Aaron Katz, Corinne Liu, Andrew S Fontes, Kaitlin E. Kosinski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

18 Background: Early-stage patients with prostate cancer can decide to go on Active Holistic Surveillance (AHS) to avoid over-treatment of a disease that has a high probability of being indolent. These patients are also placed on a special diet with vitamin supplements. We evaluate the imaging characteristics of this particular set of patients with prostate cancer with early-stage disease who are on a special diet and vitamin supplements, discontinued AHS and received definitive treatment. Methods: 300 consecutive 3T Multiparametric Prostate MRI (MP-MRI) were identified from March 26, 2012, to June 29, 2015. 200 patients (age 44 to 84 years) were identified in the active surveillance program. 114 patients had an initial MP-MRI prior to starting AHS and had at least one follow up MP-MRI after beginning AHS. 14 (12%) patients (age 60 to 79 years) discontinued AHS due to changes on a follow up MRI suggesting clinically significant prostate cancer. The MRI imaging findings were evaluated and correlated with pathology results, if available. Results: Of 14 patients, 3 (21%) patients had an enlarging MRI lesion compared to a previous MRI, 2 (14 %) patients had a new MRI lesion(s) suspicious for cancer, and 9 (64%) patients had suspicion or confirmation of extracapsular extension. 7 (50%) patients had a biopsy after a follow up MP-MRI with 6 (43%) demonstrating tumor upgrading. Length of time on AHS ranged from 4 months to 110 months. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and PSA density prior to beginning AHS ranged from 4.8 to 12.0 and 0.04 to 0.39, respectively. All were treated with definitive treatment, majority with unilateral focal cryoablation. Conclusions: The small number of patients with worsening disease on follow-up MP-MRI supports the role of AHS in patients with early-stage prostate cancer. MP-MRI is a useful tool in following patients on AHS and can extract patients who potentially may have clinically significant cancer and who may benefit from definitive treatment.
Incorporating a FLT3 inhibitor into AML therapy
Authors: M. J. Levis, D. Small
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

7060 Background: Activating mutations of FLT3 occur in 30% of adults with AML and are associated with worse survival. Lestaurtinib (CEP-701), an oral FLT3 kinase inhibitor, has activity as monotherapy in relapsed/refractory AML patients with FLT3 mutations. Using the results of pre-clinical models, a trial was designed in which patients with AML and FLT3 mutations in first relapse were randomized 1:1 to receive chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy followed by treatment with lestaurtinib. The primary endpoint was complete remission (CR), with a target accrual of 220 patients. We present here correlative data from this trial. Methods: Efficacy of FLT3 inhibition was measured using the plasma inhibitory activity (PIA) assay for FLT3. This assay method has been previously published (Blood 108(10):3477–83). Prior to initiation of chemotherapy, leukemia cells of the patients randomized to lestaurtinib were tested for in vitro sensitivity to lestaurtinib using a cytotoxicity assay. Plasma samples were obtained at baseline and at trough time points on Days 15 and 42. PIA assay and in vitro cytotoxicity results were correlated with the clinical results from the first 40 patients enrolled. In addition, plasma levels of lestaurtinib and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AAG; the principle plasma binding protein for this drug) were measured. Results: Accrual is ongoing. Twenty-three of 35 patients treated with lestaurtinib achieved a PIA result of 85% or greater (i.e., successful FLT3 inhibition). Of the first 40 patients enrolled, all those who achieved a FLT3 PIA results of 85% or greater and whose pretreatment leukemia cells were sensitive in vitro to lestaurtinib achieved a clinical response. Conversely, patients with insensitive cells or inadequate PIA did not respond. Ten of 17 patients randomized to lestaurtinib showed response (5 CR, 3 CRp, 2 PR). Four of 17 patients randomized to receive chemotherapy alone responded (2 CR, 2 CRp). Conventional pharmacokinetic analysis showed no correlation whatsoever with response, due to the high degree to which lestaurtinib is bound to AAG. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the PIA assay for FLT3 is able to accurately predict response to lestaurtinib, and provides important evidence that targeting FLT3 remains a valid therapeutic approach for AML with FLT3 activating mutations. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Cathepsin G Controls Arterial But Not Venular Myeloid Cell Recruitment
Authors: Almudena Ortega-Gomez, Melanie Salvermoser, Jan Rossaint, Robert Pick, Janine Brauner, Patricia Lemnitzer, Jessica Tilgner, Renske J. de Jong, Remco T. A. Megens, Janina Jamasbi, Yvonne Döring, Christine T. Pham, Christoph Scheiermann, Wolfgang Siess, Maik Drechsler, Christian Weber, Jochen Grommes, Alexander Zarbock, Barbara Walzog, Oliver Soehnlein
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Therapeutic targeting of arterial leukocyte recruitment in the context of atherosclerosis has been disappointing in clinical studies. Reasons for such failures include the lack of knowledge of arterial-specific recruitment patterns. Here we establish the importance of the cathepsin G (CatG) in the context of arterial myeloid cell recruitment.Intravital microscopy of the carotid artery, the jugular vein, and cremasteric arterioles and venules in Apoe-/-and CatG-deficient mice (Apoe-/-Ctsg-/-) was used to study site-specific myeloid cell behavior after high-fat diet feeding or tumor necrosis factor stimulation. Atherosclerosis development was assessed in aortic root sections after 4 weeks of high-fat diet, whereas lung inflammation was assessed after inhalation of lipopolysaccharide. Endothelial deposition of CatG and CCL5 was quantified in whole-mount preparations using 2-photon and confocal microscopy.Our observations elucidated a crucial role for CatG during arterial leukocyte adhesion, an effect not found during venular adhesion. Consequently, CatG deficiency attenuates atherosclerosis but not acute lung inflammation. Mechanistically, CatG is immobilized on arterial endothelium where it activates leukocytes to firmly adhere engaging integrin clustering, a process of crucial importance to achieve effective adherence under high-shear flow. Therapeutic neutralization of CatG specifically abrogated arterial leukocyte adhesion without affecting myeloid cell adhesion in the microcirculation. Repetitive application of CatG-neutralizing antibodies permitted inhibition of atherogenesis in mice.Taken together, these findings present evidence of an arterial-specific recruitment pattern centered on CatG-instructed adhesion strengthening. The inhibition of this process could provide a novel strategy for treatment of arterial inflammation with limited side effects.
The Most Common Dasatinib-Resistant BCR-ABL Kinase Domain Mutations in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Are Sensitive to VX-680: Rationale for Early Combination Kinase Inhibitor Therapy.
Authors: Neil P. Shah, Brian Skaggs, Susan Branford, Timothy P. Hughes, John M. Nicoll, Ronald L. Paquette, Charles L. Sawyers
Journal: Blood (2006)