tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Activation of Latent Herpes Simplex by Trigeminal Sensory-Root Section
Authors: Charles A. Carton, Edwin D. Kilbourne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

IT IS now widely accepted that most adults are latently infected with the virus of herpes simplex.1 , 2 This latent infection may be activated by a large number of apparently dissimilar stimuli such as fever, exposure to sunlight, trauma and catamenia and may become manifest as vesicular lesions. The activating stimuli may produce such diverse and uncontrollable effects on the human organism, however, that the study of their relation to exacerbations of activity is difficult. The frequently made clinical observation that trigeminal sensory-root section for trigeminal neuralgia is often followed by facial herpes prompted the study of this phenomenon in some . . .
Laparoscopic-endoscopic cooperative surgery for duodenal tumors: a unique procedure that helps ensure the safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Tomoyuki Irino, Souya Nunobe, Naoki Hiki, Yorimasa Yamamoto, Toshiaki Hirasawa, Manabu Ohashi, Junko Fujisaki, Takeshi Sano, Toshiharu Yamaguchi
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

A new rendezvous-style surgical technique has been developed to ensure the safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for duodenal tumors. The new technique, called “laparoscopic-endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS),” combines ESD with laparoscopic, reinforcing, seromuscular suturing. This case series report describes how three patients with a duodenal tumor were safely treated by LECS. ESD was performed by endoscopy, followed by closure of the mucosal defect using seromuscular suturing by laparoscopy. ESD was successfully completed in all patients. Endoscopic findings after suturing revealed that the mucosal defect was closed appropriately and tightly. None of the three patients experienced delayed perforation or stricture after LECS. LECS for extraction of duodenal tumors seems to be feasible and helps to ensure the safety of ESD in the duodenum.
C. Everett Koop Delivers Last Testimony on Smoking As Surgeon General
Authors: T. Hensley
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article C. Everett Koop Delivers Last Testimony on Smoking As Surgeon General Get access Tim Hensley Tim Hensley Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 21, 1 November 1989, Pages 1610–1611, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.21.1610 Published: 01 November 1989
PTU-035 Azathioprine metabolite concentrations in autoimmune hepatitis: relationship to disease remission: Abstract PTU-035 Table 1
Authors: H Dhaliwal, E Thornhill, R Anderson, E McFarlane, D Gleeson, L Lennard
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Azathioprine (AZA) is used to maintain remission in AIH but is sometimes ineffective. AZA is a pro-drug and formation of active thioguanine nucleotide (TGN) metabolites varies widely. Competing with TGN formation is drug methylation, catalysed by thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT). The methylated drug is inactive, but the methyl-mercaptopurine nucleotide metabolites (MeMPs) may not be. Previous studies, based mainly on single measurements, have not shown a relationship between TGN levels and clinical efficacy. We assessed the relationship between mean of several metabolite levels (TGNs and MeMPs), and therapeutic response in AIH patients prescribed a constant dose of AZA for remission maintenance. <h3>Methods</h3> Erythrocyte TGNs and MeMPs were measured on serial blood samples by established techniques over 2 years. Average TGNs (avTGNs) and MeMPs (avMeMPs) concentrations for each patient at a constant AZA dose were analysed. Therapeutic response was defined as maintenance of remission on a given dose of AZA. Relapse was defined by the IAIHG criteria (ALT&gt;2 × ULN or symptoms+ALT&gt;ULN). <h3>Results</h3> 349 samples from 68 patients (median 5, range 2–9, per patient) were analysed. Median avTGN concentration was 220 pmol/8×10<sup>8</sup> RBC (range 66–888) at a median dose of 1.9 mg/kg/day. AZA dose (mg/kg/day) correlated positively with avMeMPs (r<sub>s</sub>=0.38, p=0.001) but not with avTGN (r<sub>s</sub>=−0.06, p=0.6). Patients in whom remission was maintained compared to those who relapsed had higher avTGN concentrations (Abstract PTU-035 table 1) but avMeMPs concentrations were not significantly different. Mean ALT (both over the metabolite monitoring period and over the time on the constant AZA dose) correlated negatively with avTGN (r<sub>s</sub>=−0.322, p=0.007 and r<sub>s</sub>=−0.342, p=0.004) but not with avMeMPs. Patients who maintained a normal ALT had higher avTGN concentration compared to those who did not (median 237 vs 177 pmol/8×10<sup>8</sup> RBC). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In patients with AIH maintained on AZA, lower average TGN concentrations are related to development of relapse and to higher ALT. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
STENT STRUT COVERAGE AND APPOSITION AT 1 AND 3 MONTHS AFTER IMPLANTATION OF A NOVEL DRUG-FILLED CORONARY STENT: FIRST REPORT FROM THE REVELUTION STUDY
Authors: Stephen G. Worthley, Alexandre Abizaid, Ajay Kirtane, Daniel Simon, Stephan Windecker, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
AI-20 * MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE TO EGFR INHIBITION ASSOCIATED WITH AN INVASIVE PHENOTYPE
Authors: A. McKinney, J. Engler, J. Phillips
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

To date, strategies targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in glioblastoma (GBM) have had disappointing results in the clinic. One mechanism of resistance is thought to be the diversity of signaling pathways driving proliferation in GBM; however, given the heterogeneity of GBM, other mechanisms likely drive resistance as well. Using a murine model for GBM, we investigated whether altered tumor cell invasion may be one mechanism driving tumor resistance. To analyze tumor cell invasion, we employed 2D invasion chambers, 3D matrigel invasion assays and in vivo tumor growth. Using a panel of EGFR inhibitors, we demonstrate that in select tumor progenitor cells inhibition of EGFR induces a pro-invasive phenotype. Interestingly, the pro-invasive phenotype is specific to inhibition of EGFR and is not conferred by inhibition of many pathways downstream of EGFR, including Src, Akt, PI3K, and Erk. Moreover, the pro-invasive phenotype is recapitulated in vivo upon inhibition of EGFR. Our data suggest that alterations in tumor cell invasion may be an additional and unexpected consequence of inhibition of EGFR. We will present our current data investigating the molecular basis of this response and how the response might be predicted in human tumors.
PWE-057 Stent Placement in Palliative Oesophago-Gastric Cancer: Changed Practice with Improved outcomes
Authors: M Kasi, S Beg, I Sargeant, D Morris
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Oesophageal cancer is often diagnosed late in its pathological process and as a consequence management is often focussed on palliation of symptoms. The insertion of oesophageal stents tend to occur in small numbers and as such any individual endoscopist will perform only a few in a given time period. In this study we aim to establish whether by limiting this procedure to a few operators we can improve outcomes by increasing operator experience. <h3>Methods</h3> This is a retrospective review of palliative stenting in patients with advanced oesophageal and oesophagogastric cancers across East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust in the 15 month period from 1st April 2011 – 31st July 2012. We audited endoscopy reports and our prospectively maintained Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer database for any reported post procedural complications and calculated 7, 14 and 30 day mortality rate for these cohort patients. We also re-audited complications following stent insertion from March 2010–2011 where stents were performed by the first available gastroenterologists. Results were analysed according to BSG Quality indicators and compared with National Oesophagogastric cancer Audit 2010. <h3>Results</h3> 20 patients had palliative stents with in this time period. The median age was 74 and male to female ratio is 3:2. 70% of cases were adenocarcinoma and 20% were Squamous cell carcinoma. The combination of pharyngeal anaesthesia and sedation were used only in 10% (n = 2) compared to 21% last year. Procedures carried under fluoroscopy guidance were 100% compared to 36% nationally. Boston Scientific Ultraflex covered metal stents were used in 95% of patients. All the stents were deployed successfully. No reported complications of stent migration (compared to 12% migration rates last year), perforation and haemorrhage post procedure. This was achieved with two gastroenterologists with special interest performing the procedure compared to five consultants last year. Our 7, 14 and 30 day mortality are as shown in the graph below. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We use laser therapy first line where appropriate. This usually achieves a better dysphagia grade than stenting initially. This means that our patients have been palliated for several months before stents are inserted. Despite this patient selection seems to be appropriate as most survived more than 30 days. No complications were noted with insertion and post stent, this was a major improvement from last year’s audit. From this study we have demonstrated that by treating oesophageal stent insertion as a specialist procedure, with dedicated operators we are able to minimise complication rates. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Arsenic and Mercury in Traditional Chinese Herbal Balls
Authors: Edgard O. Espinoza, Mary-Jacque Mann, Bob Bleasdell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: While examining imported traditional Chinese medicines for the presence of products from endangered species, we have detected potentially toxic levels of arsenic and mercury in certain herbal-ball preparations. Herbal balls are aromatic, malleable, earth-toned, roughly spherical, hand-rolled mixtures of primarily herbs and honey. They are 1.5 to 2.5 cm in diameter and weigh 2.5 to 9.0 g. The literature accompanying most preparations instructs the consumer to dissolve the balls in warm wine or water and to drink it as a tea. Herbal balls are used as self-medication for a wide variety of conditions, including fever, rheumatism, apoplexy, . . .
The Utility of Thyroid Nuclear Imaging and Other Studies in the Detection and Treatment of Underlying Thyroid Abnormalities in Patients With Endogenous Subclinical Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: STEVEN R. TOLLIN, EDMUND F. FALLON, MAGEDA MIKHAIL, HOWARD GOLDSTEIN, ELIZABETH YUNG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Endogenous subclinical thyrotoxicosis is diagnosed when a patient who is not taking exogenous thyroid hormone has a suppressed level of thyroid-stimulating hormone with normal levels of the free thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine and other known causes of a suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone level have been excluded. Although such a condition is caused by underlying thyroid disease, the specific nature and relative prevalence of these disorders and the utility of nuclear imaging and other studies in their detection remains unclear.The authors performed a retrospective study of 50 patients with endogenous subclinical thyrotoxicosis. The results of the history and physical examination, thyroid nuclear scan, radioactive iodine uptake measurement, and thyroid antibody studies were reviewed. The results of the nuclear imaging and thyroid antibody studies were combined in an attempt to establish an underlying diagnosis for each patient.The thyroid nuclear imaging and antibody studies were used to establish a specific thyroid disorder in most of the patients (n = 39). These disorders included most commonly toxic multinodular goiter, various forms of autoimmune thyroid disease, and solitary toxic adenoma. A specific diagnosis was not determined in 11 patients. Therapy with I-131 radioactive iodine was administered to 14 of these patients, 13 of whom subsequently achieved a normal thyroid-stimulating hormone level.Most patients with endogenous subclinical thyrotoxicosis have underlying thyroid abnormalities that can be determined by nuclear imaging and, in selected cases, thyroid antibody studies.
Abstract 1106: CEACAM1 expression dependent on p53 after DNA damage
Authors: jae sik Shin, dong-hoon Jin, seung-woo Hong, jee-eun Kim, da-jung Jung, jae-seung Kang, young-il Hwang, wang-jae Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The glycoprotein carcinoembryonic-antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a membrane-bound protein found in microvilli of the apical colon cell surface. Recently, It was reported that signal transduction through the cytoplasmic domains appears to be important for the tumor suppressor function of CEACAM1 and also apoptosis induction in early tumor development. However, the mechanisms that control CEACAM1 expression are not clear. In this study, we show that CEACAM1 expression is induced in a p53-dependent manner. More importantly, alternative splicing of CEACAM1 to the long form (CEACAM1-4L) and the short form (CEACAM1-4S) is regulated by p53 in human colon carcinoma cells, Hct116. Treatment with etoposide induced CEACAM1 expression in cells that have p53 function, but not in cells lacking p53 function. In addition, knockdown of endogenous wild-type p53 using RNA interference and p53 overexpression by adenoviral vector were paralleled with CEACAM1 expression in Hct116 cells. These results suggest that induction of CEACAM1 in the context of tumor suppression is regulated in a p53-dependent manner and implicate CEACAM1 as a key determinant of cell fate. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1106.
The Optical Characteristic of Breast Cancer.
Authors: H. Ogura, E. Ohmae, H. Nasu, C. Teruya, D. Yamashita, Y. Ueda, M. Oda, Y. Yamashita, H. Sakahara
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Objectives: The optical parameters of breast were measured by time-resolved spectroscopy additionally to optical mammography (O-MMG), which utilizes near-infrared light for the detection of abnormal breast tissue as a non-invasive and painless new breast imaging technique. Here we report the spectroscopic feature of the breast cancer tissue clarified by comparing the optical characteristic of cancer tissue with contra-lateral normal area.Materials and Methods: Absorption coefficient (μa), and reduced scattering coefficient (μs')of the breast tissue were measured using Time-Resolved Spectroscopy method, and analyzed by photon diffusion equation. We irradiated a pulsed laser of 760, 800,and 830 nm wave-length at multiple sites including a site just above the cancer by TRS-20SH (Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.). The clinical trial started in January 2007. A total of sixty breast cancer patients participated in the trial and written informed consent were obtained from all of the patients.Results: In 800nm wave-length, absorption coefficient (μa) of breast cancer tissue was significantly high, compared with contra-lateral normal breast area (cancer: 0.0759±0.052, normal: 0.0572± 0.034, p=0.02). The result was also the same in 760,and 830 nm. There was no difference in reduced scattering coefficient (μs') of breast cancer tissue compared with contra-lateral normal area (cancer: 9.049±01.345, normal: 9.521±1.492, p=0.07).Conclusion: Absorption coefficient (μa) of breast cancer tissue was significantly high compared with contra-lateral normal area. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5019.
Phase II study of concurrent chemoradiation with gemcitabine (GEM) in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN): Preliminary result
Authors: T. Sirisinha, S. Sirilertrakul, P. Kraiphibul, S. Dangprasert, E. Sirachainanm, T. Ativitavas, V. Ratanatarathorn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

15519 Background: Concurrent chemoradiation is effective in the treatment of unresectable SCCHN. Cisplatin is the most frequently used agent but has significant toxicity and also requires hospitalization for hydration. Due to above limiting factors and the known radiosensitization effect of GEM, this study was initiated to evaluate the feasibility, safety and antitumor activity of low dose GEM concomitant with radiation (RT) in locally advanced (LA) SCCHN. Methods: Patients (pts) with LA SCCHN with no prior radiotherapy, adequate organ function and signed informed consent were eligible. RT was given at 65–70 Gy over 6.5–7 weeks concurrently with 7 weekly GEM at 4 dose levels (30 mg/m 2 , 50 mg/m 2 , 60 mg/m 2 or 75 mg/m 2 ) before RT. Results: Between 11/01–12/05, 26 pts (22 men, 4 women) were enrolled; median age 55 (range 33–77); 24 with primary tumors and 2 with recurrent disease following prior resection; stage III/IV: 5/19; T2–3/T4: 18/7; N 0–1/ 2–3: 9/17 and ECOG 0–1/2: 23/3. Four pts received GEM at 30 mg/m 2 , 3, 4 and 15 pts received 50, 60 and 75 mg/m 2 , respectively, with a median of 6 GEM doses (range 3–7) and a median RT of 70 Gy (range 45–75). Two pts who are currently receiving chemoradiation and one patient who died during chemoradiation from COPD exacerbation were not included in the analysis. Grade 3/4 acute toxicity were: mucositis 13/3, acute dermatitis 1/0, fatigue 1/1, neutropenia 1/0 and anemia requiring transfusion or erythropoietin use in 5 pts, 17 pts required enteral feeding during the treatment and median weight loss was 3.5 kg. RT was interrupted briefly in 12 pts, mostly due to grade 3/4 mucositis but treatment was completed in 87%. Nineteen pts (83%) responded (9CR, 10PR) with 3SD and 1PD. Eleven pts have relapsed or progressed. With the median F/U time of 16 months (range 2–31), the median overall survival was 28.3 months (95% CI 16.3, 40.2). Conclusions: Concurrent chemoradiation with GEM is feasible and effective with moderate but manageable treatment-related toxicity. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract LB-362: Both canonical and non-canonical autocrine Wnt signaling regulates clonogenic growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colon cancer cells lacking mutational activation of Wnt pathway
Authors: Andryus Planutis, Marina Planutiene, Randall F. Holcombe, Kestutis Planutis
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Wnt signaling in cells with mutationally-induced constitutive pathway activation promotes clonogenic growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The role of autocrine Wnt signals in colon cancer cells lacking a Wnt pathway activating mutation is less clear. Hypothesis: Extracellular Wnt inhibitors will reduce clonogenic growth and EMT in colon cancer cell lines lacking mutational Wnt pathway activation by inhibiting basal levels of autocrine Wnt signaling. Methods: Two cells lines were utilized: HCT116B is a colon cancer cell line in which an abnormal beta-catenin allele has been removed by homologous recombination; RKO is a colon cancer cell line with no known Wnt pathway activation. The Wnt inhibitors DKK1, which blocks canonical Wnt signals by interaction with LRP5 and sFRP1 which blocks both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signals were utilized and transfected into each cell line. Canonical Wnt throughput was measured with a luciferase based reporter construct, clonogenic growth by colony formation in soft agar and EMT by morphology. Results: Untransfected HCT116B, but not RKO expressed DKK1. Neither cell line expressed sFRP1. Both cell lines expressed significant quantities of DKK1 or sFRP1 after transfection. Canonical Wnt signaling was suppressed in RKO by both DKK1 and sFRP1 but only by DKK1 in HCT116B. DKK1 inhibited clonogenic growth in RKO but not in HCT116B, while sFRP1 inhibited it in both cell lines. EMT was clearly suppressed by these inhibitors in RKO; such an effect was less visible in HCT116B. Discussion: Colon cancer cells lacking mutational activation of the Wnt pathway are susceptible to the actions of extracellular Wnt inhibitors, presumably via inhibition of autocrine Wnt signals and canonical Wnt signaling. However, cells with basal expression of a canonical Wnt inhibitor such as DKK1 (HCT116B) rely preferentially on non-canonical pathways for clonogenic growth and EMT which can be blocked by global Wnt ligand antagonists such as sFRP1. The importance of autocrine Wnt signaling and contributions by non-canonical pathways to clonogenic growth and EMT has important implications for the development of Wnt-targeted therapeutic agents for colon cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-362. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-362
Abstract 182: Novel hydroxamic acid-derivative, MHY218, induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HCT116 human colon cancer cells
Authors: Dong Hwan Kim, Yong Jung Kang, Min Young Kim, Mohammad Akbar Hossain, Jung Yoon Jang, Hyung Ryong Mon, Hae Young Chung, Yung H. Choi, Nam Deuk Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic properties of novel hydroxamic acid-derivative, MHY218, in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. We found that treatment of cells with MHY218 resulted in growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. The induction of apoptosis was showed by decreased viability, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), alteration in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression, and activation of caspase-8 and -9 together with caspase-3. In addition, MHY218 induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest which was related to a decrease in the protein expression of cyclin B1 and its activating partners Cdc25c and Cdc2. MHY218 also caused an increase in the expression levels of p21WAF1/CIP1 in a p53-independent pathway. Nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) has been reported to be an implicated factor in apoptotic cell death of various cancer cells. Therefore, we found the effect of MHY218 on NF-κB signaling pathway. Treatment of cells with MHY218 resulted in inhibition of the expression levels of NF-κB and IκBα in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that MHY218 may have potential as a chemotherapeutic agent for prevention against colon cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 182. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-182