tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alterations in Pericyte Subpopulations Are Associated with Elevated Blood–Tumor Barrier Permeability in Experimental Brain Metastasis of Breast Cancer
Authors: L. Tiffany Lyle, Paul R. Lockman, Chris E. Adkins, Afroz Shareef Mohammad, Emily Sechrest, Emily Hua, Diane Palmieri, David J. Liewehr, Seth M. Steinberg, Wojciech Kloc, Ewa Izycka-Swieszewska, Renata Duchnowska, Naema Nayyar, Priscilla K. Brastianos, Patricia S. Steeg, Brunilde Gril
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is modified to a blood-tumor barrier (BTB) as a brain metastasis develops from breast or other cancers. We (i) quantified the permeability of experimental brain metastases, (ii) determined the composition of the BTB, and (iii) identified which elements of the BTB distinguished metastases of lower permeability from those with higher permeability.A SUM190-BR3 experimental inflammatory breast cancer brain metastasis subline was established. Experimental brain metastases from this model system and two previously reported models (triple-negative MDA-231-BR6, HER2+ JIMT-1-BR3) were serially sectioned; low- and high-permeability lesions were identified with systemic 3-kDa Texas Red dextran dye. Adjoining sections were used for quantitative immunofluorescence to known BBB and neuroinflammatory components. One-sample comparisons against a hypothesized value of one were performed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.When uninvolved brain was compared with any brain metastasis, alterations in endothelial, pericytic, astrocytic, and microglial components were observed. When metastases with relatively low and high permeability were compared, increased expression of a desmin+ subpopulation of pericytes was associated with higher permeability (231-BR6 P = 0.0002; JIMT-1-BR3 P = 0.004; SUM190-BR3 P = 0.008); desmin+ pericytes were also identified in human craniotomy specimens. Trends of reduced CD13+ pericytes (231-BR6 P = 0.014; JIMT-1-BR3 P = 0.002, SUM190-BR3, NS) and laminin α2 (231-BR6 P = 0.001; JIMT-1-BR3 P = 0.049; SUM190-BR3 P = 0.023) were also observed with increased permeability.We provide the first account of the composition of the BTB in experimental brain metastasis. Desmin+ pericytes and laminin α2 are potential targets for the development of novel approaches to increase chemotherapeutic efficacy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(21); 5287-99. ©2016 AACR.
"Book of Life" Rough Draft
Authors: J Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Psychiatry's image today: Results of an attitudinal survey
Authors: N D West, M A Walsh
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

The authors report the results of a survey designed to assess opinions and attitudes toward psychiatry among three groups of physicians and two groups of medical students. In general, the role of psychiatry was regarded favorably, and respondents' comments and criticisms were constructive and consistent. The authors suggest that the survey results may reflect an improvement in psychiatry's image.
Letter by Ortega-Paz et al Regarding Article, “East Asian Variant of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Is Associated With Coronary Spastic Angina: Possible Roles of Reactive Aldehydes and Implications of Alcohol Flushing Syndrome”
Authors: Luis Ortega-Paz, Giuseppe Giacchi, Salvatore Brugaletta
Journal: Circulation (2015)
Acute hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: W L Irving, D Salmon, C Boucher, I M Hoepelman
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

Around 25% of people infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are able to clear the infection spontaneously, while the majority become chronically infected, with a subsequent risk for the individual patient of progressive inflammatory liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver-related death (Figure 1). Much is known about the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of chronic HCV infection. In comparison, knowledge about acute HCV infection is patchy. In this article, we will highlight concerns relating to acute HCV infection and suggest that public health bodies responsible for managing the HCV epidemic should redirect at least some of their resources to dealing with these issues.
Unusual Bone Superscan, MIBG Superscan, and 68Ga DOTATATE PET/CT in Metastatic Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Teik Hin Tan, Teck Huat Wong, Siti Zarina Amir Hassan, Boon Nang Lee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 17-year-old adolescent boy with biochemically raised 2-hour urinary metanephrine and normetanephrine as well as CT findings of retroperitoneal soft tissue mass and bony metastases was referred for further assessment. Apart from Ga DOTATATE PET/CT evaluation, pretargeted systemic radionuclide therapy assessment with I-MIBG scintigraphy showed unusual phenomenon of MIBG superscan. Postsurgically, restaging Tc-MDP bone scintigraphy showed typical bone superscan features. The MIBG superscan was better delineated on post-I-MIBG therapy images.
PWE-205 Meat and the risk of pancreatic cancer: a prospective cohort study (EPIC-NORFOLK) using data from food diaries
Authors: A Beaney, PJ Banim, R Luben, K-T Khaw, AR Hart
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Processed, red and white meat intake may be involved in the aetiology of pancreatic cancer as they can contain carcinogens including nitrosamines, which may influence the natural history of the cancer at different ages. The data from epidemiological studies are conflicting, possibly due to lack of generalisability and inaccurate measures of diet. We investigated associations between processed, red and white meat intake and pancreatic cancer, for the first time using data from 7-day food diaries (7-DFDs), the most accurate questionnaire-based nutritional assessment. <h3>Method</h3> 23,658 participants recruited into the EPIC-Norfolk Study completed 7-DFDs and were followed up over 17 years to identify incident cases of pancreatic cancer. Meat intakes were divided into quintiles and compared with a sample of 3970 controls. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated for developing pancreatic cancer for each quintile and for trends across quintiles, adjusted for age, sex, smoking, diabetes, and energy intake. A sub-group analysis was performed in participants younger and older than 60 years at recruitment. <h3>Results</h3> During follow-up, 86 participants (0.36%) were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer (56% women). The median age at diagnosis was 73.4 years with a median survival of 4 months (inter-quartile range= 2–7 months). In the whole cohort, there were no associations with any quintiles of processed, red or white meats or for trends across quintiles. However, in participants younger than 60 years at recruitment, all quintiles of processed and red meat intakes were borderline significantly positively associated with risk (Q1 vs Q5, HR=3.73, 95% CI=0.95–14.66, p = 0.06 and Q1 vs Q5, HR=4.62, 95% CI=0.96–22.30, p = 0.06) respectively, with trends across quintiles for both (HR<sub>trend</sub>=1.37, 95% CI=1.04–1.82 and HR<sub>trend</sub>=1.33, 95% CI=1.00–1.77). For participants older than 60, there were no significant effects for either processed or red meats. For white meat, there was a positive association for all ages in quintiles two (HR=2.44, 95% CI=1.12–4.91) and four (HR=2.47, 95% CI=1.25–4.91), but no trend. There were no associations for white meat intake in those younger than 60 but the effects remained if older than 60. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The findings suggest that processed and red meats may be involved in the aetiology of pancreatic cancer. As the associations are related to consumption before the age of 60 years, these meats may influence the development of precursor lesions for pancreatic cancer, such as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanINs). The effects of white meat are uncertain. Processed and red meat intakes should be measured in aetiological studies, and reducing intake could reduce the incidence of pancreatic cancer. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Laboratory investigation of the first suspected human cases of infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in Bulgaria
Authors: T Hadzhiolova, S Pavlova, R Kotseva
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

Reports of human cases of infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus have received increased public attention because of the potential for the emergence of a pandemic strain. In the end of 2005 and the beginning of 2006, avian influenza A(H5N1) virus caused outbreaks among domestic poultry and was isolated from wild swans in many European countries, including Bulgaria. Between January and March 2006, samples were collected from 26 patients who had been in close contact with ill or dead birds and developed a subsequent respiratory illness. The testing took place at the National Laboratory of Influenza in Sofia. Specific ?(H5N1) assays were applied for screening (Sacace RT-PCR and real-time kit). Avian flu ?(H5N1) virus was not detected in any of the patients tested. In three patients, human subtype ?(H1N1) influenza virus, identifiable by RT-PCR was isolated and further characterized by hemagglutination inhibition test (HIT). The reliability of the molecular assays used in this investigation was demonstrated in an International Quality Control for Human and Avian ?(H5N1) Influenza performed later in 2006 by INSTAND (Society for Promotion of Quality Assurance in the Medical Laboratories), Germany.
PWE-301 Diagnostic accuracy of mri for assessment of t stage, lymph node metastases, and circumferential resection margin involvement in patients with rectal cancer: a single institution experience
Authors: CCL Liao, N Lacey, R Cresner, G Wynn
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an established modality in local staging of primary rectal cancer.<sup>1</sup>Its use has been employed to assess operability for locally advance rectal cancer, or suitability for adjuvant chemo radiotherapy in the light of involved circumferential resection margin (CRM) or involved levator sphincter complex.<sup>2</sup>The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of high resolution MRI scan for t-staging, lymph node metastasis and CRM involvement in primary rectal cancer, in a single institution. <h3>Method</h3> Retrospective analyses of data collected from a series of prospectively treated patients diagnosed with rectal cancer from June 2010 to May 2013 was performed, who underwent surgery without adjuvant chemotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy. MRI scan staging was compared with final histology. Two reviewers, each for radiology and histology independently extracted the data. A third reviewer to determine the accuracy then compared both staging. <h3>Results</h3> Total of one hundred and seventy seven patients was diagnosed with rectal cancer between the specified time periods. Only seventy-five patients went straight to surgery, as fifty-three of them needed some form of adjuvant treatment. Another forty-nine did not have surgery or were unsuitable for surgical resection. Out of seventy-five patients, there were fifty-two male and twenty-three female patients. Median age was 73 years. Accuracy of MRI for t staging was 70%, for lymph node metastasis it was 71% and for CRM involvement it was 92% respectively. Within different t stages, MRI over staged T1/T2, T3 and T4 tumours by 3.2%, 28.5% and 33.3% respectively, compared to histology. Similarly MRI under staged T1/T2, T3 and T4 tumours by 16%, 4.8% and 33.3% respectively. The accuracy of MRI in assessing different t stages was 80% for T1/T2 tumours, 65.8% for T3 tumours, and 33.3% for T4 tumours. <h3>Conclusion</h3> MRI has good accuracy for assessing CRM involvement, which is most important in deciding pre-operative, adjuvant chemo radiotherapy. T staging and lymph node assessment is not as good. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> <i>Ann Surg Oncol</i>. 2012;19(7):2212-23. doi: 10.1245/s10434-011-2210-5. Epub 2012 Jan 20 <i>Dis Colon Rectum</i>. 2015;58(3):275–82. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000000250
Tuberculosis Contact Investigations — United States, 2003–2012
Authors: Kai H. Young, Melissa Ehman, Randall Reves, Brandy L. Peterson Maddox, Awal Khan, Terence L. Chorba, John Jereb
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015)

annual reporting were excluded from this analysis.For 2012, data from all 50 states, DC, and Puerto Rico were summarized.To calculate the number of TB cases that were averted by treating LTBI diagnosed during contact investigations in 2012, an estimated 2.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2%-4.7%)cumulative 5-year incidence without treatment (5) was used, discounted for an estimated 80% treatment effectiveness (based on findings of efficacy in clinical trials) (6).Incomplete treatment of LTBI was considered equivalent to no treatment.Missed opportunities for prevention were calculated by projecting the number of missed contacts from patients with no contact elicited or outcomes at each step of the contact investigation by the observed proportions.The projections for completing treatment were discounted by the observed proportions of patients not completing for reasons of death, adverse medication effects, health care provider decisions to discontinue treatment, and development of TB disease.During 2003-2012, the 44 states and Puerto Rico reported 114,003 TB cases in surveillance, accounting for 90.2% of all TB cases reported in the United States and Puerto Rico (1).During this time, the number of index patients in the 44 states and Puerto Rico decreased while the number of contacts listed per index patient with contacts elicited increased from 14.9 to 21.3 contacts for sputum smear-positive index patients (Table 1).The percentage of index patients with no contact elicited decreased overall, from 7.2% in 2003 to 5.1% in 2012 for smear-positive patients and from 18.6% to 11.3%
RNA Tumor Viruses Present in Growing and Absent in Regressing Mammary Tumors of Mice2
Authors: R. Hehlmann, A. Goldfeder, S. Spiegelman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Growth and regression of mammary tumors of mice were correlated with presence and absence of mouse mammary tumor virus-related RNA and 70S RNA complexed to a reverse transcriptase in particles with a density characteristic of oncogenic RNA viruses.
AB1185 Incidence of Complications After Total Joint Replacement in Patients with Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases Receiving Biologic Treatment
Authors: V.N. Khlaboschina, V.N. Amirdjanova, S.A. Makarov
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the incidence of complications after total joint replacement in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease receiving biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs). <h3>Methods</h3> The study included 61 patients: 47 with rheumatoid arthritis, 12 with ankylosing spondylitis, 2 with psoriatic arthritis (47 female and 14 male), mean age 41,3±15 years. All patients were receiving the following bDMARDs in combination with methotrexate at average dose 12,2±5,3 mg/week for at least 6 months before surgery: infliximab – 31,1%, etanercept – 5%, adalimumab – 8,2%, tocilizumab – 6,6%, abatacept – 13,1%, rituximab – 36%. Next scheduled bDMARDs dose was cancelled at average 17,6±21,2 days before surgery, and bDMARDs administration restarted in 4 weeks after the operation (of rituximab – in 6 moths). Methotrexate was not discontinued. Total hip replacement was performed in 36 (59%) patients, knee replacement – in 23 (37,7%), shoulder and elbow replacement – in 2 patients (3,3%). <h3>Results</h3> No infectious complications were documented within 3 months after surgery. There was a single case of dislocation of endoprosthesis, complicated with thrombosis; 1 patient developed ligamentous instability, requiring revision of the endoprosthesis; and another one had a posttraumatic neuropathy. In 12 months after surgery 1 patient developed infection of endoprosthesis (1,6%), and another one - instability of the endoprosthesis. In 24 months one patient developed infection of the prosthetic joint. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The incidence of complications after total joint replacement surgery in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases receiving bDMARDs was low, not exceeding the rate of complications in patients on standard therapy. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Splitting in hospital treatment
Authors: G O Gabbard
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

Splitting is a concept that is used in a variety of ways to describe several different phenomena commonly seen in hospital treatment. As defined in this paper, it should be reserved for situations in which intrapsychic and interpersonal splitting occur simultaneously, recreating the patient's internal object world in the milieu. Through projective identification, staff members unconsciously identify with projected aspects of the patient and behave accordingly. A clearer conceptual understanding of splitting in the hospital allows for its differentiation from common variants of splitting and for the development of strategies to manage splitting.
Abstract 2577: Aurora kinase inhibitors require PUMA to induce apoptosis and preferentially kill KRAS-mutant colon cancer cells
Authors: Jing Sun, Kyle Knickelbein, Kan He, Dongshi Chen, Jian Yu, Lin Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Aurora kinases play a key role in mitosis and are frequently overexpressed in a variety of tumor cells. Inhibition of aurora kinases results in mitotic arrest and death of cancer cells, and has been explored as an anti-cancer strategy. However, how aurora inhibition kills cancer cells is poorly understood. In this study, we found that inhibition of aurora kinases by siRNA or small-molecule inhibitors led to induction of p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), a BH3-only BCL-2 family protein, in colorectal cancer cells irrespective of p53 status. Deficiency in PUMA increased polyploidy and abrogated mitochondria-mediated apoptosis induced by aurora kinase inhibitors. In response to aurora kinase inhibition, PUMA was directly activated by p65 through the canonical NF-kB pathway following AKT inhibition. Interestingly, aurora kinase inhibitors were found to preferentially kill KRAS-mutant colon cancer cells, which is associated with enhanced induction of PUMA and another BH3-only protein NOXA. Furthermore, PUMA was necessary for the chemo-sensitization and in vivo anti-tumor effects of aurora kinase inhibitors in colon cancer cells. These results suggest that PUMA induction mediates the apoptotic response to mitotic arrest imposed by aurora kinase inhibition, and may be a useful indicator for the anti-cancer activity of aurora kinase inhibitors. Citation Format: Jing Sun, Kyle Knickelbein, Kan He, Dongshi Chen, Jian Yu, Lin Zhang. Aurora kinase inhibitors require PUMA to induce apoptosis and preferentially kill KRAS-mutant colon cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2577. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2577
Persistent 7-tesla phase rim predicts poor outcome in new multiple sclerosis patient lesions
Authors: Martina Absinta, Pascal Sati, Matthew Schindler, Emily C. Leibovitch, Joan Ohayon, Tianxia Wu, Alessandro Meani, Massimo Filippi, Steven Jacobson, Irene C.M. Cortese, Daniel S. Reich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

BACKGROUND. In some active multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, a strong immune reaction at the lesion edge may contain growth and thereby isolate the lesion from the surrounding parenchyma. Our previous studies suggest that this process involves opening of the blood-brain barrier in capillaries at the lesion edge, seen on MRI as centripetal contrast enhancement and a colocalized phase rim. We hypothesized that using these features to characterize early lesion evolution will allow in vivo tracking of tissue degeneration and/or repair, thus improving the evaluation of potential therapies for chronic active lesions.
Circulating Tumor Cells: Fluid Surrogates of Solid Tumors
Authors: J.-A. Thiele, K. Bethel, M. Králíčková, P. Kuhn
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2017)

Evaluation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has demonstrated clinical validity as a prognostic tool based on enumeration, but since the introduction of this tool to the clinic in 2004, further clinical utility and widespread adoption have been limited. However, immense efforts have been undertaken to further the understanding of the mechanisms behind the biology and kinetics of these rare cells, and progress continues toward better applicability in the clinic. This review describes recent advances within the field, with a particular focus on understanding the biological significance of CTCs, and summarizes emerging methods for identifying, isolating, and interrogating the cells that may provide technical advantages allowing for the discovery of more specific clinical applications. Included is an atlas of high-definition images of CTCs from various cancer types, including uncommon CTCs captured only by broadly inclusive nonenrichment techniques.
Investigations on the Properties of Agents Causing Fowl Tumors. II. Attempts at Isolation of the Fowl-Tumor Agents by Chemical Methods&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: L DMOCHOWSKI
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1948)

Investigations on the Properties of Agents Causing Fowl Tumors. II. Attempts at Isolation of the Fowl-Tumor Agents by Chemical Methods Get access L. Dmochowski L. Dmochowski Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 9, Issue 2, October 1948, Pages 69–72, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/9.2.69 Published: 01 October 1948 Article history Received: 08 December 1947 Published: 01 October 1948