tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correlation of serum CA125 levels with stage, grade and survival of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: N. Osman, N. O'Leary, M. J. Higgins, N. Barrett, F. Wallis, K. Hickey, R. K. Gupta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

16066 Background: Serum levels of the tumor marker CA125 and its relation to disease stage, grade, tumor volume, survival and prognosis have been studied with conflicting results. This study was conducted in a single center serving a population of 340,000. Methods: Newly diagnosed patients referred between Jan 1 2001 and Dec 31 2005 were included. Serum CA125 levels were recorded before and after optimal debulking surgery and before each cycle of chemotherapy. Patients received standard adjuvant or palliative chemotherapy. Disease was staged using the FIGO staging system. Tumors were graded by the Broders Classification. CT scan within 6 weeks of surgery was used to quantify residual disease. Disease status as of Dec 2006 was used for measurements of overall survival (OS). The relationships between preoperative CA125 and stage, grade and OS were retrospectively evaluated. Post surgical levels of CA125 were also analysed and correlated to the same parameters. The influence of age and bulk of residual disease on OS were also examined. Kaplan- Meier (univariate) analysis was applied for survival analysis and Spearman's method was used to study the correlation of CA125 and the multiple variables. Results: 91 newly diagnosed ovarian cancer referrals were received in the study period. This report is based on the 75 patients of this total group for whom full data was available. Length of follow up ranged from 2 to 71 months (median of 24, mean of 28.2 months). Preoperative CA125 level did not correlate significantly with stage, tumor grade or OS (p=0.08. p=0.113 and p=0.847 respectively). A strong correlation was seen however between postoperative CA125 level (recorded prior to commencement of chemotherapy) and stage, tumor grade and OS (p&lt;0.0001, p&lt;0.0001 and p&lt;0.01respectively) OS for the total group was 37%, and OS for those with stage III and IV disease (n=43) was 17%. The mean age of the patients was 59.6 years. Older age at time of surgery (p=0.009) followed by bulk of residual disease (p=0.011) correlated strongly with shortened OS. Kaplan-Meier curves will be available for presentation. Conclusion: In our study, CA125 levels after optimal surgery correlated well with FIGO stage, tumor grade and overall survival. No correlation was seen with preoperative CA125 levels. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Transanal single port access to facilitate distral rectal mobilization: a step towards colorectal NOTES surgery
Authors: AM Wolthuis, A D'Hoore
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Objective of the study: Laparoscopic rectal mucosal or intersphincteric sleeve resection is challenging and technically demanding, especially exposure and mobilization of the most distal part of the rectum can be hazardous. The use of a single port access device placed in the muscular anal canal after incision of the sleeve at the appropriate level is proposed to facilitate dissection without sphincter damage. Furthermore, if transanal mobilization of the rectum can be progressed maximally in a cranial way, a complete trans? anal NOTES rectal resection might become possible. This pilot-study assessed the feasibility of a single port transanal rectal mobilization.
The Urea Reduction Ratio and Serum Albumin Concentration as Predictors of Mortality in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: W F Owen, N L Lew, Y Liu, E G Lowrie, J M Lazarus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Among patients with end-stage renal disease who are treated with hemodialysis, solute clearance during dialysis and nutritional adequacy are determinants of mortality. We determined the effects of reductions in blood urea nitrogen concentrations during dialysis and changes in serum albumin concentrations, as an indicator of nutritional status, on mortality in a large group of patients treated with hemodialysis.We analyzed retrospectively the demographic characteristics, mortality rate, duration of hemodialysis, serum albumin concentration, and urea reduction ratio (defined as the percent reduction in blood urea nitrogen concentration during a single dialysis treatment) in 13,473 patients treated from October 1, 1990, through March 31, 1991. The risk of death was determined as a function of the urea reduction ratio and serum albumin concentration.As compared with patients with urea reduction ratios of 65 to 69 percent, patients with values below 60 percent had a higher risk of death during follow-up (odds ratio, 1.28 for urea reduction ratios of 55 to 59 percent and 1.39 for ratios below 55 percent). Fifty-five percent of the patients had urea reduction ratios below 60 percent. The duration of dialysis was not predictive of mortality. The serum albumin concentration was a more powerful (21 times greater) predictor of death than the urea reduction ratio, and 60 percent of the patients had serum albumin concentrations predictive of an increased risk of death (values below 4.0 g per deciliter). The odds ratio for death was 1.48 for serum albumin concentrations of 3.5 to 3.9 g per deciliter and 3.13 for concentrations of 3.0 to 3.4 g per deciliter. Diabetic patients had lower serum albumin concentrations and urea reduction ratios than nondiabetic patients.Low urea reduction ratios during dialysis are associated with increased odds ratios for death. These risks are worsened by inadequate nutrition.
The Heart of the Matter
Authors: George E. Thibault
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

A 53-year-old painter and construction worker presented to the emergency room with shortness of breath, chest pressure, palpitations, and nocturnal cough. The patient had a four-year history of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia and did not smoke.Here is a man with risk factors for coronary disease who presents with shortness of breath and chest pressure. At the top of the differential diagnosis is coronary artery disease. Other cardiac disease, particularly aortic valve disease, could produce the same symptoms. Also, patients with pericarditis may occasionally describe pressure-like pain, and they may sense dyspnea because of the disinclination to take a . . .
Torsion of Undescended Testis
Authors: Fouad Hajji, Abdellatif Janane
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

A 22-year-old man with a history of uncorrected left cryptorchidism presented after 7 days of left groin pain. A genitourinary examination was performed, which revealed that his left inguinal region was swollen because of a palpable, tender mass.
SATISFACCIÓN DEL PACIENTE EN ENDOSCOPIA DIGESTIVA ALTA
Authors: S Llerena, MJ García, D Hernandez, P Iruzubieta, J Cabezas, A Cuadrado, A Terán, J De La Peña
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Introducción: En los últimos años, la sedación en los procedimientos endoscópicos ha ido en claro aumento con el objetivo de mejorar la satisfacción del paciente y la calidad de la exploración, además de responder a una mayor demanda social. Sin embargo, esta práctica implica cambios organizativos en las unidades de endoscopias y aumenta los costes.
Tc-99m Sestamibi Imaging of Brown Tumors of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Philip A. Dinauer, Antonio G. Balingit, Jose E. Rivera
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Double-phase scintigraphy using Tc-99m sestamibi MIBI is the study of choice for detecting parathyroid adenoma in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. However, before parathyroid imaging, these patients may uncommonly present with multiple osteolytic lesions and bone scan findings consistent with metastatic disease. By excluding malignancy, the diagnosis of osteitis fibrosa cystica and parathyroid adenoma may subsequently be confirmed. The authors describe the case of an elderly patient who presented with imaging findings initially masquerading as metastatic disease. When parathyroid adenoma was finally diagnosed with Tc-99m MIBI imaging, radiopharmaceutical uptake was also noted within several brown tumors, including clinically significant brown tumors of the left lower extremity, a finding that has not been previously reported.
Abstract 5333: Relationship of osteosarcoma surface marker expression to human mesenchymal stem cells undergoing osteoblastic differentiation
Authors: Amy Y. Park, John Tarim, Russell E. Bratman, Richard Gorlick
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and young adults, but it is unknown at what point, in the pathway of differentiation between a human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) and a mature osteoblast (OB), OS originates. Identifying the cell of origin is crucial in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of OS. These studies are hampered by the fact that the various steps in the differentiation of human MSC into its more differentiated progenitors are poorly characterized. In this study, hMSCs were derived from the freshly obtained bone marrow of patients as well as purchased through ATCC. Flow cytometry was used to detect the surface expression phenotype of MSC markers, where CD34 and CD45 were negative and CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 were positive. The hMSCs were characterized and all demonstrated multilineage differentiation capacity into adipocytes, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts, which was confirmed by Oil Red O, Alcian Blue, and Alizarin Red S stains, respectively. Osteoblasts were further characterized by measuring osteocalcin protein levels using ELISA. RNA was extracted from hMSCs and OB derived from the same patient and gene expression measured by microarray on the Affymetrix Gene 1.0 ST array. A list of differentially expressed genes was generated, which were narrowed to only include surface markers. Antibodies corresponding to surface markers were used for ELISA and flow cytometry on hMSCs and OBs, to confirm the change in gene expression with differentiation. Further studies will include flow cytometry to define intermediate stages in the differentiation pathway from hMSCs to OBs and their capacity to differentiate into the various mesenchymal lineages. It has been possible to derive hMSC with pluripotent differentiation capacity from patient bone marrows. These will be utilized to define the patterns of differentiation and ultimately relate to osteosarcoma to help define its progenitor cell. It is hoped that a clearer understanding of the progenitor cell of OS will help find prognostic factors and molecular therapeutic targets. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5333. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5333
1008 CHARACTER AND TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF APOPTOSIS IN ACETAMINOPHEN-INDUCED ACUTE LIVER FAILURE
Authors: L. Possamai, M. McPhail, A. Quaglia, R. Abeles, R. Tidswell, R. Gadhok, W. Khamri, V. Zingarelli, C. Starling, R. Hughes, G. Auzinger, W. Bernal, Y. Ma, W. Jassem, N. Heaton, M. Thursz, R. Mitry, C. Antoniades, J. Wendon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Toward New Treatments for Mantle-Cell Lymphoma?
Authors: Emanuele Zucca, Francesco Bertoni
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Mantle-cell lymphoma is a lymphoma subtype characterized by the overexpression of cyclin D1 and the dysregulation of the cell cycle. Many secondary genetic events contribute to growth in mantle-cell lymphoma, including the loss of DNA damage-response capacity, the activation of cell-survival pathways, and the inhibition of apoptosis.1,2 The prognosis in mantle-cell lymphoma is the worst among B-cell lymphomas. Remissions achieved with conventional chemotherapy are often short-lived, and very intensive regimens, including stem-cell transplantation, seem necessary to improve the outcome, but they are feasible in only a limited number of patients.3 Ibrutinib (PCI-32765) is an orally active irreversible inhibitor of . . .
Evaluating Potential Response-Modifying Factors for Associations between Ozone and Health Outcomes: A Weight-of-Evidence Approach
Authors: Lisa C. Vinikoor-Imler, Elizabeth O. Owens, Jennifer L. Nichols, Mary Ross, James S. Brown, Jason D. Sacks
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Epidemiologic and experimental studies have reported a variety of health effects in response to ozone (O3) exposure, and some have indicated that certain populations may be at increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects.We sought to identify potential response-modifying factors to determine whether specific groups of the population or life stages are at increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects using a weight-of-evidence approach.Epidemiologic, experimental, and exposure science studies of potential factors that may modify the relationship between O3 and health effects were identified in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 2013 Integrated Science Assessment for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants. Scientific evidence from studies that examined factors that may influence risk were integrated across disciplines to evaluate consistency, coherence, and biological plausibility of effects. The factors identified were then classified using a weight-of-evidence approach to conclude whether a specific factor modified the response of a population or life stage, resulting in an increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects.We found "adequate" evidence that populations with certain genotypes, preexisting asthma, or reduced intake of certain nutrients, as well as different life stages or outdoor workers, are at increased risk of O3-related health effects. In addition, we identified other factors (i.e., sex, socioeconomic status, and obesity) for which there was "suggestive" evidence that they may increase the risk of O3-related health effects.Using a weight-of-evidence approach, we identified a diverse group of factors that should be considered when characterizing the overall risk of health effects associated with exposures to ambient O3.
Abstract 3334: Telomerase activity corresponds to the level of aggressiveness of ovarian cancer stem cells and are a potential site of targeted therapy
Authors: Erhong Meng, Brandon A. Taylor, Lalita A. Shevde, Rodney P. Rocconi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Objective: Cancer stem cells possess the important property of self-renewal. Telomerase activity (TA) is often used as a molecular marker for cancer aggressiveness and allows propagation of cancer cells by adding telomere repeats which can result in unlimited cell replication. As such, the potential of telomerase in maintaining self-renewal properties of cancer stem cells have been proposed. Our objectives were to determine the TA of ovarian cancer stem cells (OSC) and the effectiveness of targeting telomerase for cancer therapy. Methods Ovarian cancer cell lines (ES2, TOV112D, and SKOV3) were grown in non-adherent growth conditions to form spheroid forming cells for numerous successive spheroid generations. Flow cytometry determined the CD44+/CD24- phenotype consistent with cancer stem-cells. Histologic subtypes were chosen to correspond to decreasing levels of aggressiveness: ES2- clear cell; SKOV3- papillary serous; and TOV112D- endometrioid. TRAPEZE RT Telomerase Detection Kit utilized flourescently labeled primers to detect and quantify telomerase activity by RT-PCR. Results were confirmed with luciferase reporter plasmid containing promoter of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). Each cancer cell line was treated with 10, 20, 50, and 100uM of a small molecule telomerase inhibitor BIBR1532 measured by cell proliferation survival assay for a total of 72 hours. Results All ovarian cancer cell lines readily formed spheroids in non-adherent growth conditions with flow cytometry demonstrating the enrichment of cancer stem cell phenotype: CD44+/CD24-. TA was significantly increased in spheroid forming cells enriched for OSC in both ES2 (5-fold increase) and SKOV3 (6-fold increase) (p &amp;lt; 0.001), however TOV112D showed a decrease in TA. Similarly, ES2 and SKOV3 showed significant TA by luciferase assay with 400% and 1,700%, respectively (p &amp;lt; 0.001), while TOV112D had a decrease in TA. In all cell lines studied, treatment with BIBR1532 demonstrated significant cell death in a dose-dependent fashion with a 5-fold cell kill and only 20% of cancer cell survival at 72 hours. Conclusions Telomerase activity appears to increase with ovarian cancer stem cells and supports the hypothesis that it could be important in the self-renewal properties of cancer stem cells. Inhibition of telomerase with a competitive small molecule demonstrated significant response in-vitro and could represent novel targeted therapy for ovarian cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3334.
Penicillin in the Treatment of Diphtheria and the Diphtheria Carrier State
Authors: John D. Crawford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

THE importance of diphtheria has been reemphasized lately by experiences with the disease in foreign countries during the war and its aftermath and by slight but statistically significant increases in the prevalence of diphtheria in this country. The clinical manifestations and complications have been completely described in the older literature. An important aspect of the problem now being developed is the application of antibiotics in treatment. The value of penicillin in diphtheria has been established in extensive clinical trials by Karelitz et al.1 and by Weinstein.2 The following investigations confirm their findings in a series of 97 additional penicillin-treated cases . . .
AB0059 Effect of anti-tnf alpha treatment on serum levels of light (tnfsf14), cathepsin k, dkk-1 and sclerostin in ankylosing spondylitis: the osteoclast/osteoblast function balance and its relation to disease activity
Authors: A. Cauli, G. Dessole, G. Porru, M. Piga, A. Vacca, V. Ibba, P. Garau, A. Mathieu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is characterized by erosions and new bone formation wich resulting in classical syndesmophytes. These processes appear to be influenced by the fine balance of mediators involved in osteoclast activation, such as LIGHT (TNFSF14) protein and cathepsin K, and inhibition of osteoblastogenesis influenced by DKK-1 and sclerostin, although data available is still controversial. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate in AS the serum levels of mediators involved in bone homeostasis, their relation to disease activity/disease severity and the modifications induced by anti-TNF-α treatment. <h3>Methods</h3> 63 patients with AS have been consecutively recruited as well as 19 healthy controls (HC). 15 patients underwent anti-TNF-α treatment (Adalimumab), and were evaluated at baseline (w0) and 12 weeks after treatment (w12). Serum levels of DKK-1, sclerostin, cathepsin K and LIGHT were measured by ELISA assay (Biomedica, R&amp;D System) and correlated with clinical scores (BASMI, BASFI e BASDAI), inflammatory markers (ESR and CRP) and disease duration. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. Differences among groups and statistical correlation have been analyzed according to data distribution by means of paired t-test, unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction and Spearman’s test. <h3>Results</h3> Mediators of osteoclast activation were increased in AS patients compared to HC: LIGHT (115.1 pg/mL ± 74.8 vs 75.8 pg/mL ± 49.2; p=0.009), cathepsin-k (21 pmol/L ± 35.9 vs 9.6 pmol/L ± 5.8; p= 0.03), as well as mediators involved in osteoblast function: DKK-1 (36.4 pmol/L ± 18.8 vs 23.5 pmol/L± 17.6; p= 0.009), sclerostin (36.4 pmol/L ± 21.8 vs 25.1 pmol/L ±9.1; p= 0.001). The increase of these mediators resulted unrelated to disease activity, as evidenced by the lack of correlation of DKK-1, sclerostin, LIGHT and cathepsin-K with clinical scores and with disease duration; only LIGHT showed to correlate with ESR (p=0,01; r=0,4). It is also noteworthy the little modulation induced on these mediators by TNF-α antagonists, regardless the good clinical response according to EULAR criteria: DKK-1, LIGHT and cathepsin-k, w0 vs w12 p= ns, while increased sclerostin levels were observed at w12 compared with baseline (p=0.03). <h3>Conclusions</h3> AS patients showed an increased bone metabolism, characterized by an increase of both mediators responsible of osteoclast and osteoblast function. This increased bone turn-over appear not linked to the inflammatory process and to disease activity, as perceived by the patient. Furthermore it appear to be independent to TNF-α related mechanisms, as recently suggested by radiological progression in patients with disease in clinical remission following anti-TNF-α treatment. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
The Occurrence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing among Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Terry Young, Mari Palta, Jerome Dempsey, James Skatrud, Steven Weber, Safwan Badr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Limited data have suggested that sleep-disordered breathing, a condition of repeated episodes of apnea and hypopnea during sleep, is prevalent among adults. Data from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study, a longitudinal study of the natural history of cardiopulmonary disorders of sleep, were used to estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed sleep-disordered breathing among adults and address its importance to the public health.
Long-term follow-up after endoscopic resection of gastric superficial neoplastic lesions in Portugal
Authors: Pedro Pimentel-Nunes, Francisco Mourão, Nuno Veloso, Luís Afonso, Manuel Jácome, Luís Moreira-Dias, Mário Dinis-Ribeiro
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Although endoscopic resection for the treatment of gastric superficial neoplastic lesions is an established first-line treatment in Eastern countries, its role has yet to be considered in Western guidelines, mostly due to a lack of long-term studies. The aim of this study was to describe long-term outcomes for endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the treatment of gastric neoplasias in Portugal.This was a single-center, retrospective, cohort study between March 2003 and April 2013. A total of 162 consecutive patients with 195 gastric superficial neoplasias underwent EMR (n = 54) or ESD (n = 141) and were followed up for a median of 3.2 years.Resection was feasible in 97 %, with en bloc and R0 resection rates of 85 % (94 % ESD vs. 61 % EMR; P = 0.001) and 81 % (91 % ESD vs. 54 % EMR; P < 0.001), respectively. The recurrence rate was 7 %, and recurrence was associated with Rx/R1 resection irrespective of resection technique (OR 5.8; 95 % confidence interval 3.9 - 8.8). The long-term curative resection rate was 86 % after one procedure and 91 % after two procedures. Adverse events were observed in 13 % of cases: 8 % bleeding and 2 % of perforations (EMR = ESD). Surgery was performed in 7 %: 6 % after noncurative endoscopic resection and 1 % due to complications. Metachronous lesion detection rate was 1 % - 1.5 % per patient year. Cancer-specific survival rate was 100 % at follow-up.For the first time in a Western country, results are reported to be similar to those in Eastern countries. Endoscopic resection, particularly ESD, is a highly effective treatment for gastric superficial lesions, without compromising cancer survival. Endoscopic resection should also be considered as first-line treatment for gastric neoplasias in Western countries.