tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Outcomes of Adult Outpatients With Heart Failure and Improved or Recovered Ejection Fraction
Authors: Andreas P. Kalogeropoulos, Gregg C. Fonarow, Vasiliki Georgiopoulou, Gregory Burkman, Sarawut Siwamogsatham, Akash Patel, Song Li, Lampros Papadimitriou, Javed Butler
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2016)

Heart failure (HF) guidelines recognize that a subset of patients with HF and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) previously had reduced LVEF but experienced improvement or recovery in LVEF. However, data on these patients are limited.To investigate the characteristics and outcomes of adult outpatients with HF and improved or recovered ejection fraction (HFrecEF).Retrospective cohort study (inception period, January 1, 2012, to April 30, 2012) with 3-year follow-up at cardiology clinics (including HF subspecialty) in an academic institution. The dates of the analysis were May 21, 2015, to August 10, 2015. Participants were all outpatients 18 years or older who received care for a verified diagnosis of HF not attributed to specific cardiomyopathies or other special causes during the inception period.Type of HF at baseline, classified as HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (defined as current LVEF ≤40%), HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) (defined as current and all previous LVEF reports >40%), and HF with recovered ejection fraction (HFrecEF) (defined as current LVEF >40% but any previously documented LVEF ≤40%).Mortality, hospitalization rates, and composite end points.The study cohort comprised 2166 participants. Their median age was 65 years, 41.4% (896 of 2166) were female, 48.7% (1055 of 2166) were white and 45.2% (1368 of 2166) black, and 63.2% (1368 of 2166) had coronary artery disease. Preserved (>40%) LVEF at inception was present in 816 of 2166 (37.7%) patients. Of these patients, 350 of 2166 (16.2%) had previously reduced (≤40%) LVEF and were classified as having HFrecEF, whereas 466 of 2166 (21.5%) had no previous reduced LVEF and were classified as having HFpEF. The remaining 1350 (62.3%) patients were classified as having HFrEF. After 3 years, age and sex-adjusted mortality was 16.3% in patients with HFrEF, 13.2% in patients with HFpEF, and 4.8% in patients with HFrecEF (P < .001 vs HFrEF or HFpEF). Compared with patients with HFpEF and patients with HFrEF, patients with HFrecEF had fewer all-cause (adjusted rate ratio [RR] vs HFpEF, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.55-0.91; P = .007), cardiovascular (RR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.35-0.71; P < .001), and HF-related (RR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.30-0.76; P = .002) hospitalizations and were less likely to experience composite end points commonly used in clinical trials (death or cardiovascular hospitalization and death or HF hospitalization).Outpatients with HFrecEF have a different clinical course than patients with HFpEF and HFrEF, with lower mortality, less frequent hospitalizations, and fewer composite end points. These patients may need to be investigated separately in outcomes studies and clinical trials.
Brain mechanisms associated with therapeutic actions of benzodiazepines: focus on neurotransmitters
Authors: S H Snyder, S J Enna, A B Young
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

The sedative, muscle relaxant, antianxiety, and anticonvulsant effects of benzodiazepines may involve several distinct mechanisms because dissociation among these actions can be demonstrated with various drugs. Neurotransmitters displaying prominent interactions with benzodiazepines include gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, norepinephrine, and serotonin.
Nationwide Survey of Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcome: On Behalf of Complications Working Group of the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (JSHCT)
Authors: Kimikazu Yakushijin, Yoshiko Atsuta, Doki Noriko, Akira Yokota, Heiwa Kanamori, Toshihiro Miyamoto, Hisashi Sakamaki, Hiromasa Yabe, Yasuo Morishima, Koji Kato, Ritsuro Suzuki, Takahiro Fukuda
Journal: Blood (2013)
P-054 The clinical predictor of antitumor efficacy of cetuximab based regimen in first-line therapy to unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: H. Tanioka, T. Nagasaka, M. Asano, K. Ikeda, R. Yoshida, N. Waki, M. Ishizaki, K. Yamashita
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
The Global Food System as a Transport Pathway for Hazardous Chemicals: The Missing Link between Emissions and Exposure
Authors: Carla A. Ng, Natalie von Goetz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Food is a major pathway for human exposure to hazardous chemicals. The modern food system is becoming increasingly complex and globalized, but models for food-borne exposure typically assume locally derived diets or use concentrations directly measured in foods without accounting for food origin. Such approaches may not reflect actual chemical intakes because concentrations depend on food origin, and representative analysis is seldom available. Processing, packaging, storage, and transportation also impart different chemicals to food and are not yet adequately addressed. Thus, the link between environmental emissions and realistic human exposure is effectively broken.
Metastatic Insulinoma Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Treated With 177Lu-DOTATATE Induction and Maintenance Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy
Authors: William Makis, Karey McCann, Alexander J.B. McEwan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 70-year-old woman presented with frequent episodes of hypoglycemia. Imaging revealed a 6-cm pancreatic mass with several liver lesions. The pancreatic mass was resected and confirmed to be a well-differentiated insulinoma. Surgery improved but did not resolve her hypoglycemic episodes, and she was referred for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-DOTATATE to treat her residual disease. A modified protocol with a continuous IV dextrose infusion was used, and the treatments were well tolerated. After 4 induction and 2 maintenance treatments, her hypoglycemic symptoms resolved completely and her disease stabilized. She has been progression free for 24 months.
Expression and signaling of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MyD88 in ovarian carcinoma cells
Authors: M. E. Szajnik, M. J. Szczepanski, M. Czystowska, E. Elishaev, M. Mandapathil, E. Nowak-Markwitz, M. Spaczynski, T. L. Whiteside
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e16508 Background: TLR4, expressed by the cells of the immune system play a role in the protection of the host against pathogens. TLRs are also expressed on human cancer cells, but their role in tumor growth is unknown. The aim of this study was to correlate the presence of TLR4 and MyD88 expression with clinicopathologic outcome in patients with ovarian cancer and to analyze the consequences of signaling via the TLR4/MyD88 pathway in ovarian cancer cell lines. Methods: Tumor specimens from 41 patients with ovarian carcinoma were evaluated for TLR4 and MyD88 by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinical and pathologic disease features. TLR4/MyD88 expression in OVCAR3, SKOV3, and A2780 was determined using RT-PCR, WB, and immunohistochemistry. NF-kB translocation to nucleus was measured by confocal microscopy. Culture supernatants were tested for levels of cytokines in Luminex-based assays. Proliferation of cancer cells was measured in the CFSE assays. Their sensitivity to paclitaxel (PLX) was measured by Annexin V binding. Western Blot analysis was used to measure activation of the PI3K/Akt, IRAK 1, IRAK 4, and TRIF. Results: In ovarian cancer patients TLR4 and MyD88 expression by the tumor was observed in 100% and 83% of tissues, respectively. The expression of MyD88 was associated with shorter progression-free survival (42 vs 31 months, p &lt; 0.05). Ex vivo studies showed that TLR4 was expressed on OVCAR3, SKOV3, and A2780 cell lines, while A2780 did not expressed MyD88. In MyD88+ tumor cells, LPS increased proliferation (PI 17 vs 8, p &lt; 0.05), activated NF-kB pathway and promoted cytokine production (IL-8, IL-6, RANTES, VEGF and MCP-1). LPS and PLX binding to TLR4 on MyD88+ cells induced activation of PI3K/Akt, IRAK4, and IRAK1, but decreased expression of pro-apoptotic TRIF. In contrast, in MyD88(-) cells LPS did not induce proliferation and neither LPS nor PLX induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further, no changes were noted in IRAK1 expression, but strong signal was observed for TRIF. TLR4+/MyD88+ tumor cells showed grater resistance to PLX. Conclusions: Our ex vivo studies elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in TLR4/MyD88 signaling. Ligation via TLR4 leads to tumor growth, release of proinflammatory cytokines and induction of resistance to PLX-induced apoptosis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Iron Chelation Is Associated with Improved Survival Adjusting for Disease and Patient Related Characteristics in Low/Int-1 Risk MDS at the Time of First Transfusion Dependence: A MDS-CAN Study
Authors: Ambica Parmar, Heather A Leitch, Richard A. Wells, Thomas J. Nevill, Nancy Y Zhu, Karen W.L. Yee, Brian Leber, Mitchell Sabloff, Eve St-Hilaire, Rajat Kumar, Michelle Geddes, John Storring, Andrea Kew, April Shamy, Mohamed Elemary, Martha Lenis, Alex Mamedov, Rena Buckstein
Journal: Blood (2015)
Drugs for treating alcohol dependence in England cost nearly £4m in 2014
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Prescriptions for treating alcohol dependence in England reached 196 000 in 2014 and cost £3.93m (€4.73m; $5.27m), nearly double the number 10 years ago when prescriptions totalled 109 000 and the cost was £1.52m, figures from the Health and Social Care Information Centre have shown.1

The most commonly prescribed drug was acamprosate calcium (Campral), at 139 000 items in 2014-15, followed by disulfiram (Antabuse), for which 52 000 items were dispensed. Nalmefene (Selincro), which was launched in May 2013, was prescribed 4400 times in 2014-15.

An estimated 1.09 million hospital admissions …
Le paludisme d’aéroport : une maladie rare encore mal comprise
Authors: J Mouchet
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2000)

L’article de Daniel Lusina et ses collegues dans ce numero d’Eurosurveillance (1) rappelle le danger du paludisme d’aeroport. Depuis leur premiere description en 1977, 75 cas de ce type de paludisme ont ete observes en Europe occidentale a ce jour, dont 28 en France. Ces cas, contractes en Europe chez des sujets n’ayant pas frequente les zones d’endemie palustre, posent le probleme d’une maladie peu frequente qui n’est pas systematiquement recherchee dans les examens de laboratoire.
Case 24-1983
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Alan D. Hilgenberg, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Presentation of CaseA 61-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a pulmonary density.He was well until five months earlier, when he came to the hospital for excision of a basal-cell carcinoma of the eyelid. Physical examination revealed a right carotid bruit. X-ray films of the chest showed left-sided pleural thickening and a left-sided posterior rounded density, which was visible only on the lateral view. Further evaluation, including angiographic studies, disclosed stenosis of the right carotid artery, with a lumen of 1 mm. Three months before admission the patient underwent a carotid endarterectomy. X-ray films of the . . .
Rapid Simultaneous Screening of Factor V Leiden and G20210A Prothrombin Variant by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction on Whole Blood
Authors: Encarnación Gómez, Sonja C.P.A.M. van der Poel, Joop H. Jansen, Bert A. van der Reijden, Bob Löwenberg
Journal: Blood (1998)
Loss of the DNA Damage Repair Kinase ATM Impairs Inflammasome-Dependent Anti-Bacterial Innate Immunity
Authors: Saskia F. Erttmann, Anetta Härtlova, Marta Sloniecka, Faizal A.M. Raffi, Ava Hosseinzadeh, Tomas Edgren, Reza Rofougaran, Ulrike Resch, Maria Fällman, Torben Ek, Nelson O. Gekara
Journal: Immunity (2016)
Blood Donor Demographics and Transfusion Recipient Survival—No Country for Old Men?
Authors: Harvey G. Klein
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Une épidémie de légionellose dans une commune du nord du Portugal
Authors: A M Correia, G Gonçalves, J Reis, J M Cruz, J A Castro e Freitas
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2001)

Onze patients touches par la legionellose, residant tous dans la meme commune, ont ete hospitalises dans un hopital regional du Nord du Portugal. Les investigations preliminaires suggeraient un lien avec les manifestations de la fete annuelle de cette municipalite. Legionella pneumophila n’a pu etre isolee dans aucune des sources suspectees, mais une etude cas-temoins tend a prouver que le vecteur probable d’infection etait un aerosol produit par une fontaine decorative sur la place principale, pendant un concert de rock. La prevalence du tabagisme etait plus elevee chez les cas que chez les temoins.
Multimedia: Conflict in General Practice
Authors: Richard Neal
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Lynne A Hobden-Clarke, Susan A T Law


Royal Society of Medicine Press, £17.50, pp  208 




ISBN 0 443 05936 5

———————

Rating: ★★

Taken literally, conflict, defined either as a fight or a struggle or as a clashing of opposed principles, pervades medicine. Such conflict ranges from differences of opinion with professional colleagues to dissatisfaction with health service management and ongoing battles with poorly compliant patients. It is all part of a day’s work for most doctors. The concept of a book about conflict in its generic sense and applying basic principles to a variety of situations is therefore potentially seductive.

The most challenging chapter provides clinical scenarios, followed by questions such as, “What are the potential conflicts that arise and how would you deal with them?” You could (in a different book) equally be asked, “What is the evidence available to justify your clinical care?” These scenarios challenge the reader in unexpected ways, and it is disappointing that this does not form a more comprehensive part of the book. Conflict based medicine replaces evidence based medicine, perhaps?

However, this book disappoints in several ways. Firstly, it fails to draw on any enlightened literature outside medical management. This leads one to ask whether there is a common literature on conflict for other professional disciplines (vets, dentists, social workers, etc), and if not, why not? Secondly, the book is ultimately more about the management of general practice than its title would suggest. This is a pity, because the management of conflict could be of great value to doctors and managers in secondary and community care. Thirdly, it does not address the real paradox—that if you need training in conflict management you will not know until it is too late. Those in need of conflict management skills either live in blissful ignorance or are sufficiently bloody-minded to refuse to accept such issues. Getting the message across to the right people is the biggest conflict of all. And, fourthly, the book has two major omissions: the issues of conflict with oneself as a doctor and of dealing with uncertainty.

These irritations are tempered by one telling observation. The book has one audience unrecognised by the authors: medical offspring needing encouragement from their parents not to do medicine. So much conflict will deter them for life.
New endoscopic over-the-scope clip system for treatment of a chronic post-surgical tracheoesophageal fistula
Authors: Elia Armellini, Stefano Crinò, Marco Orsello, Marco Ballarè, Silvia Saettone, Roberto Tari, Pietro Occhipinti
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Acquired tracheoesophageal fistula is a rare condition, often linked to malignancy, trauma, or iatrogenic cuff-related injury. Poor nutrition, infection, radiotherapy, and steroid use are predisposing factors. Surgical management is difficult, time-consuming, and associated with significant morbidity and mortality [1]. Conservative endoscopic therapeutic options, such as self-expandable metal stents, clips, and sealants have been investigated with satisfactory results.
“Administratively Significant”
Authors: Charles Ralph Buncher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

In an era in which large multiclinic trials are an essential source of new medical knowledge and in which many health professionals have become administrators, the concept of "administratively significant" should be formalized. This concept deals with the problem of convincing members of the medical community that they should act in their own clinical practice in accordance with the results of a valid study. Before this new view is discussed, two older and accepted concepts should be restated.The first is "statistically significant." The accomplishment in pronouncing a finding to be statistically significant is to say that the result is . . .
A Case of Sudden Death in <i>Decameron</i> IV.6
Authors: Fabrizio Toscano, Giovanni Spani, Michael Papio, Frank J. Rühli, Francesco M. Galassi
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

Giovanni Boccaccio's Decameron contains a novella that details the sudden death of a young man called Gabriotto, including a portrayal of the discomfort that the protagonist experienced and a rudimentary autopsy performed by local physicians. The intriguing description of symptoms and pathologies has made it possible to read a 7-century-old case through the modern clinical lens. Thanks to the medical and philological analysis of the text-despite the vast difference between modern and medieval medicine-2 hypothetical diagnoses have emerged: either an aortic dissection or an atrial myxoma.
BAFF and APRIL from Activin A–Treated Dendritic Cells Upregulate the Antitumor Efficacy of Dendritic Cells <i>In Vivo</i>
Authors: Michael R. Shurin, Yang Ma, Anton A. Keskinov, Ruijing Zhao, Anna Lokshin, Marianna Agassandian, Galina V. Shurin
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract The members of the TGFβ superfamily play a key role in regulating developmental and homeostasis programs by controlling differentiation, proliferation, polarization, and survival of different cell types. Although the role of TGFβ1 in inflammation and immunity is well evident, the contribution of other TGFβ family cytokines in the modulation of the antitumor immune response remains less documented. Here we show that activin A triggers SMAD2 and ERK1/2 pathways in dendritic cells (DC) expressing type I and II activin receptors, and upregulates production of the TNFα family cytokines BAFF (TALL-1, TNFSF13B) and APRIL (TALL-2, TNFSF13A), which is blocked by SMAD2 and ERK1/2 inhibitors, respectively. BAFF and APRIL derived from activin A–treated DCs upregulate proliferation and survival of T cells expressing the corresponding receptors, BAFF-R and TACI. In vivo, activin A–stimulated DCs demonstrate a significantly increased ability to induce tumor-specific CTLs and inhibit the growth of melanoma and lung carcinoma, which relies on DC-derived BAFF and APRIL, as knockdown of the BAFF and APRIL gene expression in activin A–treated DCs blocks augmentation of their antitumor potential. Although systemic administration of activin A, BAFF, or APRIL for the therapeutic purposes is not likely due to the pluripotent effects on malignant and nonmalignant cells, our data open a novel opportunity for improving the efficacy of DC vaccines. In fact, a significant augmentation of the antitumor activity of DC pretreated with activin A and the proven role of DC-derived BAFF and APRIL in the induction of antitumor immunity in vivo support this direction. Cancer Res; 76(17); 4959–69. ©2016 AACR.
NIMG-20PREOPERATIVE MRI-BASED FRACTAL DIMENSIONS AS A PREDICTOR OF ATYPICAL MENINGIOMA (NOVEL TECHNIQUE)
Authors: Marcin Czyz, Hesham Radwan, Jian Yi Li, Christopher Filippi, Michael Schulder
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BACKGROUND: To date no preoperative objective imaging method is available to predict meningioma grade. We propose the use of fractal analysis, which describes the complexity of a structure or image, as a way to differentiate Grade I from Grade II meningiomas. METHODS: A group of 27 patients diagnosed with atypical (WHO Grade II) and another group of 27 patients with a benign (WHO Grade I) meningioma were retrospectively reviewed after obtaining IRB approval. Preoperative brain MRIs (T1W, post-gadolinium) were processed to determine the average (FDa) and maximum (FDm) fractal dimension of the contrast enhancing part of the tumour. Box-count method and ImageJ 1.49 software were used. FDa and FDm as well as volume of the peritumoral edema, incomplete peritumoral band, male sex and skull base localisation were included into the logistic regression model as possible predictors of the malignancy. RESULTS: There were 34 women and 20 men in the study group; mean age was 62 ± 15 years. Ki-67 was significantly higher in the atypical (10.0; IQR, 7.0) than in the benign group (3.0; IQR, 3; P  0.70). Both FDa and FDm were significantly higher in atypical groups (P   1.31 (OR, 12.30; 95%CI, 1.14-132.50; P = .039) and skull base location (OR, .052; 95%CI, .005-.567; P = .015) were confirmed to be statistically significant predictors of the atypical phenotype. CONCLUSION: Tumor fractal dimension of the preoperative MRI has a tendency to correlate with atypical histopathology in meningiomas. Further studies of a wide prospective cohort are warranted.
On research in Zen
Authors: E T Shimano, D B Douglas
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

Zen is one of several mental or spiritual disciplines that have become the object of recent scientific interest and theory. The authors discuss several aspects of Zen, such as the psychophysiological effects of meditation and the general impact of enlightenment, that are potential areas of fruitful research. They stress, however, that researchers can gain true understanding of the different perception and experience of reality to which Zen gives access only by practicing Zen meditation themselves. Without such understanding, the planning and interpretation of research will inevitably be in error and a resource of the greatest potential value misused.