tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Graphene and AuNP Core Polyaniline Shell Nanocomposites as Multifunctional Theranostic Platforms for SERS Real-time Monitoring and Chemo-photothermal Therapy
Authors: Haolin Chen, Zhiming Liu, Songyang Li, Chengkang Su, Xuejun Qiu, Huiqing Zhong, Zhouyi Guo
Journal: Theranostics (2016)

In this work, novel theranostic platforms based on graphene oxide and AuNP core polyaniline shell (GO-Au@PANI) nanocomposites are fabricated for simultaneous SERS imaging and chemo-photothermal therapy.PANI, a new NIR photothermal therapy agent with strong NIR absorption, outstanding stability and low cytotoxicity is decorated on AuNPs by one-pot oxidative polymerization, then the Au@PANI core-shell nanoparticles are attached to the graphene oxide (GO) sheet via π-π stacking and electrostatic interaction.The obtained GO-Au@PANI nanohybirds exhibit excellent NIR photothermal transduction efficiency and ultrahigh drug-loading capacity.The nanocomposites can also serve as novel NIR SERS probes utilizing the intense SERS signals of PANI.Rapid SERS imaging of cancer cells is achieved using this ultrasensitive nanoprobe.GO-Au@PANI also reveals good capability of drug delivery with the DOX-loading efficiency of 189.2% and sensitive NIR/pH-responsive DOX release.The intracellular real-time drug release dynamics from the nanocomposites is monitored by SERS-fluorescence dual mode imaging.Finally, chemo-photothermal ablation of cancer cells is carried out in vitro and in vivo using GO-Au@PANI as high-performance chemo-photothermal therapeutic nanoagent.The theranostic applications of GO-Au@PANI endow it with great potential for personalized and precise cancer medicine.
Cystic fibrosis
Authors: Emma Wicks
Journal: BMJ (2007)

As the Good Witch told Dorothy in the Wizard of Oz: it is always best to start at the beginning. Growing up, I always knew that I had cystic fibrosis, the same way I knew I had blue eyes and my cousins could all run faster than me.

I was lucky enough—though my parents did not think so at the time—to be diagnosed at two days old. The right information at diagnosis is crucial. After being told their daughter had a disease whose name they could not spell, and with no information from the hospital, my parents found out about it for themselves. Parents nowadays might use the internet; mine went to the library. The book they found, printed 15 years earlier, told them to abandon all hope and not become too attached to me.
Pregnancy-induced uterine blush detected incidentally by three-phase bone scintigraphy.
Authors: SEOK TAE LIM, MYUNG-HEE SOHN, CHANG-YEOL YIM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine* and Internal Medicine,† and the Institute for Medical Sciences,‡ Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonju, Korea Received for publication August 6, 2000. Accepted October 5, 2000. Reprint requests: Myung-Hee Sohn, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 634-18 Keumam-dong, Duckjin-gu Chonju, Chonbuk 561-712, Korea. E-mail: [email protected]
Survival impact of switching to different topoisomerase I or II inhibitors-based regimens (topo-I or topo-II) in extensive-disease small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC): supplemental analysis from JCOG0509.
Authors: Shogo Nomura, Shigeki Umemura, Kiyotaka Yoh, Tomohiro Shinozaki, Taro Shibata, Kenichi Nakamura, Miyako Satouchi, Yuichiro Ohe, Haruhiko Fukuda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

7571 Background: The J0509 (phase III study for chemotherapy-naive ED-SCLC) demonstrated amrubicin plus cisplatin (AP) was inferior to irinotecan plus cisplatin (IP). However, median overall survival (OS) of both AP and IP (15 and 17 mo) was more favorable than those of previous trials (9-12 mo), probably because switching to different topo-I or topo-II in the second-line therapy, especially the use of topo-II in IP arm, was frequent. This analysis aimed to investigate whether observed survival benefit of IP arm can be explained by the treatment switching, and how post-protocol chemotherapy affected the result of J0509. Methods: Two analysis sets from J0509 were used: all randomized 283 pts and 250 pts who received post-protocol chemotherapy. One pt without initiation date of second-line therapy was excluded. A rank-preserving structural failure time (RPSFT) model was used to estimate “causal survival benefit” that would have been observed if all pts had been followed with the same type of regimen as randomized throughout the follow-up period. Additionally, to assess the survival impact of second-line use of topo-II, OS after initiating second-line therapy (OS2) was analyzed by multivariate Cox models. Results: %treatment switching in IP arm and AP arm was 65.2% (92/141) and 43.7% (62/142). By RPSFT model, estimated OS excluding the effect of the treatment switching was 2.7-fold longer in IP (topo-I) arm than AP (topo-II) arm. This causal survival benefit was stronger than the original report of J0509 (nearly 1.4-fold extension by Cox model), indicating that re-challenging topo-I in IP arm appeared beneficial. The multivariate Cox analysis for OS2 (n = 250) revealed second-line use of topo-II was detrimental (hazard ratio, 1.5; 95%CI, 1.1-2.1). Among sensitive relapsed pts in IP arm, OS2 was favorable in the following order: irinotecan-based regimen > the other topo-I > topo-II. Conclusions: IP remains the standard therapy. Re-challenging topo-I, especially irinotecan-based topo-I, seemed beneficial for IP-sensitive pts. This result should be confirmed in further investigations with large sample size. Clinical trial information: 000000720.
Abstract IA19: Modeling blood-CNS barriers in zebrafish
Authors: Robyn A. Umans, Hannah E. Henson, Chaithanyarani Parupalli, Bensheng Ju, Michael R. Taylor
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays an important role in the treatment of brain tumors. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of brain tumor vasculaturization has been hampered by difficulties in observing this process in vivo. Recently, we have generated several models of brain tumors in zebrafish. To visualize the vascularization of these tumors, we generated transgenic zebrafish lines to serve as in vivo reporters of brain tumor vasculature. We show that our BBB transgenic line drives expression specifically in brain endothelial cells and not in the vasculature of peripheral tissues or circumventricular organs. Using time-lapse confocal microscopy, we find that barriergenesis (i.e. the initiation of BBB development) occurs immediately as new vessels sprout into the brain parenchyma. Using a combination of genetic and chemical tools, we demonstrate that canonical Wnt signaling, but not VEGF signaling, is essential for barriergenesis. These results indicate that CNS angiogenesis and barriergenesis occur simultaneously, but require distinct signals for proper formation. Furthermore, we created a complementary transgenic line that drives expression in fenestrated endothelium, a hallmark of brain tumor vasculature. The combination of these transgenic lines along with our newly developed tumor models will allow us to visualize the complexities of brain tumor vascularization in a live animal model. Citation Format: Robyn A. Umans, Hannah E. Henson, Chaithanyarani Parupalli, Bensheng Ju, Michael R. Taylor. Modeling blood-CNS barriers in zebrafish. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Brain Cancer Research; May 27-30, 2015; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(23 Suppl):Abstract nr IA19.
Abstract P5-08-26: CYP1A2– A novel genetic marker for aromatase inhibitor response in the treatment of breast cancer patients
Authors: M Simonsson, S Veerla, A Markkula, C Rose, C Ingvar, H Jernström
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: Endocrine resistance is a major obstacle for optimal endocrine treatment in breast cancer (BC). Several genetic markers for tamoxifen response have been proposed. Although some genetic markers have been proposed for response to aromatase inhibitors (AI), data is insufficient. The aim of this study was 1) to perform an exploratory analysis of genes involved in Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination (ADME) to find new predictive markers in a subset of the cohort and 2) examine these potential markers in relation to risk for events in the extended cohort. Materials and methods: In Lund, Sweden, 190 AI-treated primary breast cancer patients with estrogen receptor positive tumors, who underwent breast cancer surgery between 2002 and 2008, were followed until December 31st 2012. Clinical data were obtained from medical records and population registries. The impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on risk for breast cancer events was conducted on a subset of the cohort followed until December 31st 2011 (13 cases, 11 controls) and analyzed with data from a DMET (TM) chip including 1931 SNPs in 225 ADME-related genes. Secondly, four SNPs in CYP19A1 and the significant SNPs from the first analysis were reanalyzed concerning disease-free survival in the extended cohort of 190 patients. Results: A CYP1A2 SNP was significantly associated with risk for early events among the 24 AI-treated BC patients both in the subset of the cohort, (P=0.0007) and in the extended cohort, adjusted HR 3.83 (95% CI 1.40-10.42). SNPs in CYP19A1 alone were not significantly associated with disease-free survival in any of the analyses. The impact of the CYP1A2 SNP was modified by a SNP in CYP19A1, where patients with both SNPs had increased risk for early events, adjusted HR 5.21 (95% CI 2.05-13.23) compared to other patients. Conclusion: This study identified a potential and new predictive marker in BC patients: CYP1A2 alone and CYP1A2 in combination with CYP19A1. If confirmed, these results may provide a way to more personalized medicine. Citation Format: Simonsson M, Veerla S, Markkula A, Rose C, Ingvar C, Jernström H. CYP1A2– A novel genetic marker for aromatase inhibitor response in the treatment of breast cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-08-26.
Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: Henry K. Beecher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

In 1928 Harry, a young Lochinvar riding out of the west from the Kansas prairies, entered Harvard Medical School to establish a career and a profile most aptly described by the late Grantley Taylor, who termed him the last Elizabethan. His ability, already proved by the possession of an M.A. degree, and driving energy were maintained throughout his life. Within a few months, in addition to his regular studies, he carried out sophisticated experiments in Dr. Cohn's physiology laboratory. In his last year in medical school he conducted a long and detailed study of post-operative pneumonia — a disease that . . .
Heterogeneity in storage pool deficiency: studies on granule-bound substances in 18 patients including variants deficient in alpha- granules, platelet factor 4, beta-thromboglobulin, and platelet-derived growth factor
Authors: HJ Weiss, LD Witte, KL Kaplan, BA Lages, A Chernoff, HL Nossel, DS Goodman, HR Baumgartner
Journal: Blood (1979)
Viraemia and Ebola virus secretion in survivors of Ebola virus disease in Sierra Leone: a cross-sectional cohort study
Authors: Edward Green, Luke Hunt, J C Gareth Ross, Nina Marie Nissen, Tanya Curran, Anjna Badhan, Katherine A Sutherland, Jade Richards, James S Lee, Samuel H Allen, Steven Laird, Mandy Blackman, Ian Collacott, Paul A Parker, Andrew Walbridge, Rebecca Phillips, Sia Jammie Sellu, Agnes Dama, Alpha Karim Sheriff, Joseph Zombo, Doris Ngegba, Alieh H Wurie, Francesco Checchi, Timothy J Brooks
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2016)
Hyponatremia
Authors: Dan A. Henry
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

This issue provides a clinical overview of hyponatremia, focusing on prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and practice improvement. The content of In the Clinic is drawn from the clinical information and education resources of the American College of Physicians (ACP), including ACP Smart Medicine and MKSAP (Medical Knowledge and Self-Assessment Program). Annals of Internal Medicine editors develop In the Clinic from these primary sources in collaboration with the ACP's Medical Education and Publishing divisions and with the assistance of science writers and physician writers. Editorial consultants from ACP Smart Medicine and MKSAP provide expert review of the content. Readers who are interested in these primary resources for more detail can consult http://smartmedicine.acponline.org, http://mksap.acponline.org, and other resources referenced in each issue of In the Clinic.
PCSK1 Mutations and Human Endocrinopathies: From Obesity to Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Pieter Stijnen, Bruno Ramos-Molina, Stephen O'Rahilly, John W. M. Creemers
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2016)

Prohormone convertase 1/3, encoded by the PCSK1 gene, is a serine endoprotease that is involved in the processing of a variety of proneuropeptides and prohormones. Humans who are homozygous or compound heterozygous for loss-of-function mutations in PCSK1 exhibit a variable and pleiotropic syndrome consisting of some or all of the following: obesity, malabsorptive diarrhea, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, altered thyroid and adrenal function, and impaired regulation of plasma glucose levels in association with elevated circulating proinsulin-to-insulin ratio. Recently, more common variants in the PCSK1 gene have been found to be associated with alterations in body mass index, increased circulating proinsulin levels, and defects in glucose homeostasis. This review provides an overview of the endocrinopathies and other disorders observed in prohormone convertase 1/3-deficient patients, discusses the possible biochemical basis for these manifestations of the disease, and proposes a model whereby certain missense mutations in PCSK1 may result in proteins with a dominant negative action.
Carbohydrate Homeostasis
Authors: Rachmiel Levine, David E. Haft
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

OUR aim in this review is to present to the reader, so far as it is possible, a coherent picture of the manifold regulatory mechanisms by which the carbohydrates ingested as food are processed in such a way as to obviate major disturbances in the levels of metabolites in the fluids and tissues of the body. Many devices are called into play to provide this homeostatic control, among them the following: amounts and degrees of activity of enzyme systems; allosteric control of rates; enzyme assembly into working groups; segregation of substrates and enzymes into organelles; restraints and facilitations exerted by . . .
Is it about “pink” or about “girls”? The inherence heuristic across social and nonsocial domains
Authors: Katherine D Kinzler, Kathleen R Sullivan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract The inherence heuristic provides an intriguing and novel explanation for early thought in a variety of domains. Exploring similarities and differences in inherent reasoning across social and nonsocial domains can help us understand the role that inherent thinking plays in the development of human reasoning and the process by which more elaborate essentialist reasoning develops.
Abstract IA35: Discovery of porcupine inhibitors targeting Wnt signaling in cancer
Authors: Shifeng Pan, Jun Liu, Dai Cheng, Dong Han, Guobao Zhang, Mindy Hsieh, Nicholas Ng, Chun Li, Shailaja Kasibhatla, Peter McNamara, H. Martin Seidel, Jennifer Harris
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Wnt signaling is tightly controlled during cellular proliferation, differentiation and embryonic morphogenesis. Aberrant activation of this pathway plays a critical role in a variety of cancers. Blockade of Wnt signaling is therefore an attractive therapeutic approach for anticancer therapy. In this presentation, we will discuss our approach to search for inhibitors of Wnt ligand secretion. We developed and performed a cellular high-throughput screen using a co-culture system. Lead structure (GNF-1331) was identified and further target elucidation revealed Porcupine, a membrane bound O-acyl transferase, as its molecular target. Further structure-activity relationship studies led to the discovery of WNT974, a potent and specific Porcupine inhibitor. Treatment of WNT974 leads to tumor regression in a Wnt dependent MMTV-Wnt1 mouse model at well tolerated doses. WNT974 is currently in Phase 1 clinical trials. Citation Format: Shifeng Pan, Jun Liu, Dai Cheng, Dong Han, Guobao Zhang, Mindy Hsieh, Nicholas Ng, Chun Li, Shailaja Kasibhatla, Peter McNamara, H. Martin Seidel, Jennifer Harris. Discovery of porcupine inhibitors targeting Wnt signaling in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2015 Oct 23-26; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA35.
Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Abrogates Fas-Induced Growth Suppression and Apoptosis of Murine Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells
Authors: Ingunn Dybedal, Fengan Guan, Ole Johan Borge, Ole Petter Veiby, Veslemøy Ramsfjell, Shigekazu Nagata, Sten Eirik W. Jacobsen
Journal: Blood (1997)
Denmark: Botulism in an infant or infant botulism?
Authors: A Pærregaard, Ø Angen, M Lisby, K Mølbak, M E Clausen, J J Christensen
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

A 4.5 months old, previously healthy Danish girl was admitted to a paediatric department after six days of passive behaviour and weak suck. Over the next days she became increasingly weak, developed bilateral ptosis, the muscle stretch reflexes were lost, and mydriasis with slow pupillary responses was noted. Botulism was suspected and confirmed by testing of patient serum in a bioassay. The condition of the patient improved following administration of botulism antiserum. The clinical picture was suggestive of intestinal (infant) botulism. However, botulism acquired from consumption of food with preformed neurotoxin could not be excluded.
Prospective study of increased platelet membrane fluidity as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease: results at 5 years
Authors: G S Zubenko, I Teply, E Winwood, F J Huff, J Moossy, T Sunderland, A J Martinez
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The primary goal of this study was to evaluate increased platelet membrane fluidity as a putative risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.This report describes the initial results of a prospective, longitudinal study of 330 initially asymptomatic, first-degree relatives of probands with Alzheimer's disease.Five incident cases of Alzheimer's disease were detected during the first 1,582 subject-years of the follow-up period. The age-specific incidence of Alzheimer's disease was several-fold higher than corresponding figures that were obtained in two prospective community studies. Most important, both age and increased platelet membrane fluidity made significant independent contributions to the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.These results validate age and a family history of Alzheimer's disease as risk factors for this disorder and provide the first prospective evidence of increased platelet membrane fluidity as a biological risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.
The Anturane Reinfarction Trial
Authors: S Sherry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The Anturane Reinfarction Trial evaluated the effect of sulfinpyrazone (Anturane) (200 mg four times a day) vs placebo on cardiac mortality rates among patients recently recovered from an acute myocardial infarction. This study involved 1558 eligible patients who were observed for an average period of 16 months (maximum 2 years). The trial differed from studies on other platelet-active drugs in that it was designed as a clinical efficacy study rather than an "intent-to-treat" trial, and all patients were entered within a very narrow window, i.e., 25-35 days after infarction, which allowed for the drug to be evaluated against the natural history of mortality after an acute myocardial infarction. At the end of the trial, there were 105 analyzable cardiac deaths among eligible patients. 62 in the placebo group and 43 in the sulfinpyrazone group; this represented a reduction in mortality rate by sulfinpyrazone of 32% and was of borderline statistical significance (p = 0.044-0.058 using three methods of analysis). This reduction was attributable primarily to a significant reduction in sudden death (37 in the placebo group vs 22 in the sulfinpyrazone group, sudden death mortality reduction of 43%, p = 0.023-0.041). Interpretation of the data by time period and cause revealed that the effect of sulfinpyrazone was restricted to the prevention of sudden death during the high-risk period for this event, i.e., the first 6 months after trial entry (24 in the placebo group vs six in the sulfinpyrazone group, sudden death mortality reduction of 74%, p = 0.001-0.003).
The Influence of Area of Skin Exposed, Duration of Exposure, and Concentration in Determining Tumor Yield in the Skin of the Mouse after a Single Application of a Carcinogenic Hydrocarbon
Authors: J. A. McCarter, J. C. Szerb, G. E. Thompson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1956)

The Influence of Area of Skin Exposed, Duration of Exposure, and Concentration in Determining Tumor Yield in the Skin of the Mouse after a Single Application of a Carcinogenic Hydrocarbon J. A. McCarter, J. A. McCarter Department of Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. C. Szerb, J. C. Szerb Department of Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. E. Thompson G. E. Thompson Department of Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar 2The authors wish to acknowledge with gratitude that this work was supported by a grant made to one of us (J. A. M.) from the National Cancer Institute of Canada. Author Notes JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 17, Issue 4, October 1956, Pages 405–419, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/17.4.405 Published: 01 October 1956 Article history Received: 07 April 1956 Published: 01 October 1956