tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Segmental pulmonary arterial chemoembolization with drug-eluting beads combined with radiofrequency thermal ablation for lung malignancies: A pilot study in 16 cases.
Authors: C. D. Gadaleta, G. Ranieri, V. Fazio, G. Gadaleta-Caldarola, G. Vinciarelli, V. Goffredo, G. Laricchia, P. Molinari, C. Oakley, F. Armenise, V. Mattioli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

e17531 Background: Lung tumours seem to be good targets for radiofrequency ablation (RFA); nevertheless one limitation is the risk of local recurrence, not negligible in tumours larger than 2.0-2.5 cm. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety and basic efficacy of a new combined procedure (double track therapy) consisting of segmental pulmonary arterial chemoembolization (SPACE) followed by percutaneous RFA in patients with unresectable lung neoplasms. Methods: From January 2008 to May 2010, 16 patients (6 male/10 female, median age 69 years; range, 46-83) and 19 nodules were treated in 18 sessions. Patients had lung metastases from: uterine cancer (n=2), colorectal carcinoma (n=8), breast carcinoma (n=2), hemangiopericytoma (n=1) and 3 patients had primary unresectable NSCLC. The median diameter of neoplasms was 3.0 cm (range, 2.0-5.0). Antiblastic agents loaded on microspheres (Hepasphere) were selectively perfused in the subsegmental pulmonary parenchyma. Percutaneous CT-guided RFA of lung nodules was performed 48 hrs after SPACE. Pretreatment work-up included: contrast-enhanced CT-scan, 18F-FDG PET/CT and VL-SPET. Electrical impedance values were assessed in order to highlight any SPACE-related change. Results: The combined procedure was successfully completed in all patients. Overall, treatment was well tolerated. The major complications were 5 pneumothorax (26%) and 1 bronco-pleural fistula (5%). No treatment-related changes in general lung function were shown. According to modified RECIST criteria, complete response was achieved in 10 (62.5%) out of 16 patients, and in 12 (63%) out of 19 target lesions no contrast-enhancement was observed at the CT-scan after completed treatment. VL-SPET showed a modified sub-segmental alveolar ventilation after SPACE. A reduction of impedance (≤30%), corresponding to an increase of the delivered energy, was observed as a consequence of SPACE. Conclusions: Double track therapy with lung RFA after SPACE is technically feasible, relatively safe and effective. These preliminary data deserve further investigation.
Capturing and molecular analysis of tumor cells isolated from ascites fluid to predict response to treatment.
Authors: Thomas Krahn, Michael Jeffers, Daniel D. Von Hoff, Mahesh Seetharam, Xinjun Liu, Phillip Sangwook Kim, Sharat Singh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e22110 Background: As access to tumor tissue if often limited in clinical studies, we are exploring technologies to capture tumor cells from body fluids with the aim to use the profile of pathway activation to predict response to treatment in early clinical trials. Methods: Tumor cells were captured from ascites fluid collected from an ovarian cancer patient via immunomagnetic enrichment. Isolated tumor cells were characterized for panel of signal transduction proteins at base line and after the treatment with PI3K inhibitor and/or MEK inhibitor alone or in combination. Comprehensive functional pathway modulation was determined using multiplexed Collaborative Enzyme Enhanced Reactive-immunoassay (CEER) to evaluate the treatment efficacy. Results: Sufficient numbers of tumor cells were present in ascites fluid for immunomagnetic enrichment and for subsequent functional pathway analysis. Comprehensive pathway modulations (HER1, HER2, HER3, cMET, IGF1R, PDK1, PI3K, AKT, PRAS40, RPS6, ERK, MEK and RSK) were determined with tumor cells using CEER. Pathway modulation upon in vitro drug treatment revealed insufficient targets as well as downstream signal protein inhibition against single agent PI3Ki or MEKi treatment. When these cells were treated with both compounds however, a dramatic target/pathway inhibition was observed. Conclusions: Viable, stimulatable tumor cells can be isolated in high number from ascites fluid and routine pathway analysis can be achieved in clinical setting. As pathway redundancy is a common feature in most solid tumor, a comprehensive in vitro analysis of pathway against various targeted drugs using tumor cells isolated from easily obtainable biological fluid (ascites, plural fluid, etc.) may guide clinicians in selecting the most effective targeted drug combination. Significant differences can be detected between single and combination treatment. Further studies need to be done to validate these findings.
Abstract 3378: Using multiplex immunoassays for profiling the circulating and tissue angiogenic biomarkers in mouse and human cancer
Authors: Wen-Rong Lie, Jehangir Mistry
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Monitoring the expression levels of multiple pro- and anti-angiogenic factors in circulation and tumor microenvironment is crucial in examining the role of angiogenesis in cancer pathological processes or in identifying potential biomarkers for oncology drug development. The Luminex xMAP technology allows simultaneous detection of multiple proteins in a single sample and has been used widely in cancer biomarker discovery. Using the Luminex xMAP technology, we developed two Human Angiogenesis Panels (17-plex and 20-plex) and a Mouse Angiogenesis Panel (27-plex) for the simultaneous detection of multiple angiogenic biomarkers in less than 50 μL of human or mouse samples. We report here the protein biomarker profiles of these 37 human angiogenic factors in 1) serum samples, collected from breast cancer and colorectal cancer patients and normal donors, 2) tumor extracts, collected from breast tumor and colorectal tumor extracts and their matched adjacent normal tissue, 3) conditioned media in cultured tumor cells and stromal cells, and in addition, the protein biomarker profiles of 27 mouse angiogenic factors in the conditioned media of various mouse tumor cells and stromal cells. For example, of the 37 human angiogenesis serum protein markers tested, 16 biomarkers [angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT-2), EGF, endoglin, follistatin, G-CSF, HGF, PLGF, sAXL, PDGF-AB/BB, osteopontin (OPN), sHGFR/c-Met, suPAR, sTie-2, sHer2, soluble neuropilin-1 (sNRP-1), and tenascin-C] showed significant difference in expression levels between normal and breast cancer serum samples (p&amp;lt;0.05) and 13 biomarkers [ANGPT-2, EGF, PLGF, sAXL, sHer3, OPN, thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2), sHGFR/c-Met, suPAR, sTie-2, sNRP-1, sIL-6R, and tenascin-C] showed differential expression levels between normal and colorectal cancer serum samples (p&amp;lt;0.05). Altogether, the results of this study demonstrate the utility of these human and mouse angiogenesis multiplex panels as a useful tool in studying circulating and tissue protein biomarker profiles in cancer research. Citation Format: Wen-Rong Lie, Jehangir Mistry. Using multiplex immunoassays for profiling the circulating and tissue angiogenic biomarkers in mouse and human cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3378.
Lutein and Zeaxanthin Isomers in Eye Health and Disease
Authors: Julie Mares
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2016)

Current evidence suggests lutein and its isomers play important roles in ocular development in utero and throughout the life span, in vision performance in young and later adulthood, and in lowering risk for the development of common age-related eye diseases in older age. These xanthophyll (oxygen-containing) carotenoids are found in a wide variety of vegetables and fruits, and they are present in especially high concentrations in leafy green vegetables. Additionally, egg yolks and human milk appear to be bioavailable sources. The prevalence of lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin in supplements is increasing. Setting optimal and safe ranges of intake requires additional research, particularly in pregnant and lactating women. Accumulating evidence about variable interindividual response to dietary intake of these carotenoids, based on genetic or metabolic influences, suggests that there may be subgroups that benefit from higher levels of intake and/or alternate strategies to improve lutein and zeaxanthin status.
Gut microbial translocation corrupts myeloid cell function to control bacterial infection during liver cirrhosis
Authors: Carl-Philipp Hackstein, Lisa Mareike Assmus, Meike Welz, Sabine Klein, Timo Schwandt, Joachim Schultze, Irmgard Förster, Fabian Gondorf, Marc Beyer, Daniela Kroy, Christian Kurts, Jonel Trebicka, Wolfgang Kastenmüller, Percy A Knolle, Zeinab Abdullah
Journal: Gut (2016)

Objective Patients with liver cirrhosis suffer from increased susceptibility to life-threatening bacterial infections that cause substantial morbidity. Methods Experimental liver fibrosis in mice induced by bile duct ligation or CCl 4 application was used to characterise the mechanisms determining failure of innate immunity to control bacterial infections. Results In murine liver fibrosis, translocation of gut microbiota induced tonic type I interferon (IFN) expression in the liver. Such tonic IFN expression conditioned liver myeloid cells to produce high concentrations of IFN upon intracellular infection with Listeria that activate cytosolic pattern recognition receptors. Such IFN-receptor signalling caused myeloid cell interleukin (IL)-10 production that corrupted antibacterial immunity, leading to loss of infection-control and to infection-associated mortality. In patients with liver cirrhosis, we also found a prominent liver IFN signature and myeloid cells showed increased IL-10 production after bacterial infection. Thus, myeloid cells are both source and target of IFN-induced and IL-10-mediated immune dysfunction. Antibody-mediated blockade of IFN-receptor or IL-10-receptor signalling reconstituted antibacterial immunity and prevented infection-associated mortality in mice with liver fibrosis. Conclusions In severe liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, failure to control bacterial infection is caused by augmented IFN and IL-10 expression that incapacitates antibacterial immunity of myeloid cells. Targeted interference with the immune regulatory host factors IL-10 and IFN reconstitutes antibacterial immunity and may be used as therapeutic strategy to control bacterial infections in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Abstract 3915: PBA2, a dual BCR-ABL and GSK3βkinases inhibitor, represses a wide array of Imatinib resistant cell lines in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ke Yang, li-Wu Fu
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Despite the clinical efficacy of the BCR-ABL (Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors) TKIs for the treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), BCR-ABL-T315I mutation still confers higher-level resistance to imatinib and the second generation BCR-ABL TKIs. Ponatinib, as the third generation BCR-ABL TKIs, has the potential activity against CML with T315I mutant BCR-ABL whereas high frequency of serious adverse events limits its clinical use. Through a compound library screen, we identified a novel compound PBA2, a dual kinases inhibitor of GSK3β and BCR-ABL, as a promising agent for the treatment of imatinib-resistant CML. Not only can PBA2 inhibit cell growth but also induce terminal cell differentiation in a series of kinase mutant CML cell lines as well as T315I mutation. Remarkably, the mechanism of action of this compound involved the simultaneous inhibition effect of BCR-ABL and GSK3β, which could be a fruitful approach to suppress the β-catenin/CBP signal pathway that promoted the interaction of β-catenin/p300, leading to growth inhibition and subsequent terminal differentiation. More importantly, we found a novel molecular link between CBP and BCR-ABL. We showed that CBP could regulate BCR-ABL expression through activating CREB which binds to the BCR-ABL promoter in CML cells to start transcription, and the BCR-ABL in turns affect the expression level of CBP. This positive feedback pathway between CBP and BCR-ABL represents a novel way for the treatment of CML, and the novel compound PBA2 targeting at this loop deserves further investigation in clinical trial. Citation Format: Ke Yang, li-Wu Fu. PBA2, a dual BCR-ABL and GSK3βkinases inhibitor, represses a wide array of Imatinib resistant cell lines in chronic myeloid leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3915.
Hypoglycemia and Cardiovascular Risk: Is There a Major Link?
Authors: Markolf Hanefeld, Brian M. Frier, Frank Pistrosch
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

Severe hypoglycemia is recognized to be one of the strongest predictors of macrovascular events, adverse clinical outcomes, and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, it is uncertain whether a direct pathophysiological link exists or whether hypoglycemia is primarily a marker of vulnerability to these events. Large clinical trials have reported an increased hazard ratio for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and severe hypoglycemia, but such an association has not been demonstrated in prospective trials of people with type 1 diabetes. Several cardiovascular effects occur during hypoglycemia either as a result of low blood glucose levels per se or through activation of the sympathoadrenal response: hemodynamic changes with an increase in cardiac work load and potential attenuation of myocardial perfusion, electrophysiological changes that may be arrhythmogenic, induction of a prothrombotic state, and release of inflammatory markers. Although the potential for a causal relationship has been demonstrated in mechanistic studies, the evidence from large prospective studies that hypoglycemia is a major causal contributor to cardiovascular events is limited to date. Other preexisting cardiovascular risk factors in addition to hypoglycemia may be the major link to the final cardiovascular event, but a low blood glucose level can trigger these events in patients with a high cardiovascular risk.
Role Of Sirtuin-6 In Maintenance Of Genomic Instability In Multiple Myeloma Cells
Authors: Michele Cea, Antonia Cagnetta, Mariateresa Fulciniti, Yu-Tzu Tai, Chirag Acharya, Mike Zhong, Teru Hideshima, Marco Gobbi, Nikhil Munshi, Dharminder Chauhan, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract 2436: Exploring genomic alterations in pediatric cancer using ProteinPaint
Authors: Xin Zhou, Michael N. Edmonson, Mark R. Wilkinson, Aman Patel, Gang Wu, Yu Liu, Yongjin Li, Zhaojie Zhang, Michael Rusch, Matthew Parker, Jared Becksfort, James R. Downing, Jinghui Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Current cancer genome data portals have focused primarily on presenting data generated from adult cancer studies. These portals typically lack features for exploring pathogenic germline mutations, somatic gene fusions, and gene expression profiling, all of which are important biomarkers for risk stratification of pediatric cancer. We have developed ProteinPaint (https://pecan.stjude.org/proteinpaint/), a web service hosting 30,000+ validated somatic SNV/indels and fusion transcripts detected in 1,654 pediatric tumor samples from 17 subtypes, 252 pathogenic or loss-of-function germline lesions detected in &amp;gt;1000 pediatric cancer patients of 21 subtypes, and gene expression profiles derived from RNA-Seq of 928 pediatric tumors. Cancer genomic alterations are shown on novel “disc-on-stem” skewer graphs which were designed to depict the diverse prevalence, complex allelic alteration, and temporal origin of sequence mutations and gene fusions. Adult somatic cancer mutation data from the COSMIC database can be displayed in parallel with pediatric cancer data sets for cross-study comparison. We will demonstrate examples of how ProteinPaint's integrative view of genomic alteration, gene expression and pediatric-adult data comparison has facilitated the evaluation of somatic and germline mutation pathogenicity in a clinical setting. Custom data including sequence mutations in the MAF format used by the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project, copy number alterations, and structural variations can all be imported and visualized alongside published pediatric and adult cancer data sets. Furthermore, ProteinPaint supports curation and annotation of fusion transcripts predicted from RNASeq data and analysis of tumor clonal evolution with a 2-D plot of mutation frequency of paired diagnosis and relapse samples. ProteinPaint delivers a premium user experience with animation and interactive features for visualizing large cancer mutation datasets, and can serve as a workbench to import, explore and interpret user data. Its framework continues to expand as its intuitive visualization has enabled non-bioinformatics scientists and clinicians to access and manipulate genomic data for discovery and clinical reporting. Citation Format: Xin Zhou, Michael N. Edmonson, Mark R. Wilkinson, Aman Patel, Gang Wu, Yu Liu, Yongjin Li, Zhaojie Zhang, Michael Rusch, Matthew Parker, Jared Becksfort, James R. Downing, Jinghui Zhang. Exploring genomic alterations in pediatric cancer using ProteinPaint. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2436.
Baseline neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic marker for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer being treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Authors: Jeenan Kaiser, Haocheng Li, Jo-An Seah, Raya Leibowitz-Amit, Scott A. North, Srikala S. Sridhar, Daniel Yick Chin Heng, Nimira S. Alimohamed
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

468 Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an inflammatory marker, has been associated with a poor prognosis in several solid malignancies. In muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), an elevated pre-cystectomy NLR has been shown to predict for poor survival; however, its role in prognostication for patients being treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is unknown. We evaluated the baseline NLR as an independent prognostic factor in patients with MIBC treated with NAC. Methods: Patients with MIBC treated with NAC in Alberta from 2005 to 2015, and at the Princess Margaret Hospital in Ontario from 2005 to 2013 were evaluated. All 290 patients treated with NAC were included; 272 were evaluable for NLR and outcomes. Patient, disease, and treatment-related factors were evaluated. NLR was examined prior to initiation of preoperative chemotherapy. The prognostic role of NLR on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was determined using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Results: The median age of patients was 66 years (range 36-87). The majority of patients (77%) were male. Median baseline NLR at diagnosis was 2.9. NLR &gt; 3.0 at baseline was independently associated with PFS and OS after adjustment for age, gender and stage (Table). Patients with an NLR &gt; 3 had a median PFS of 14.1 months compared to 25.1 months in those patients with a baseline NLR ≤ 3 (HR 0.63, p = 0.01). Similarly, OS was 19.4 months in patients with a baseline NLR &gt; 3 compared to 33.4 months in those with a baseline NLR ≤ 3 (HR 0.65, p = 0.04). Conclusions: NLR is an independent prognostic factor for patients with MIBC undergoing NAC. [Table: see text]
Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: David S. Knopman
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

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Abstract 4133: Suppressed B7-H3 expression reduces glycolytic capacity and sensitizes tumor cells to anti-cancer agents
Authors: Caroline E. Nunes-Xavier, Karine Flem Karlsen, Tove Øyjord, Ming Tan, Øystein Fodstad
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract B7 family proteins are important immune response regulators, and can mediate oncogenicity-related signals and support cancer development. We have prevously shown that the B7-H3 protein promotes tumor cell invasion, proliferation and mestastasis, and increases resistance to chemotherapy. Now we have used human breast and melanoma cancer cell lines with different expression levels of B7-H3 to further evaluate the role of B7-H3 on the sensitivity to anticancer compounds. B7-H3 knockdown tumor cells showed enhanced chemosensitivity compared to their B7-H3 expressing counterparts, as well as increased inhibition to treatment with compounds that target proteins in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR- and MAPK-pathways (Nunes-Xavier et al. in revision). Treatment of control cells with an anti-B7-H3 monoclonal antibody resulted in similar sensitization, whereas B7-H3 overexpressing cells and xenografts were less sensitive. Of note, knockdown of B7-H3 decreased and B7-H3 overexpression increased the glycolytic capacity of the breast cancer and malignant melanoma cells. In conclusion, we have demonstrated a previously unknown relationship between B7-H3 expression and glycolysis in tumor cells, and found that B7-H3 confers resistance to also to pathway inhibiting agents. The results provide novel insights into the function of B7-H3 in cancer, and suggest that targeting of B7-H3 expression may be a promising alternative to improve current anticancer therapy. Citation Format: Caroline E. Nunes-Xavier, Karine Flem Karlsen, Tove Øyjord, Ming Tan, Øystein Fodstad. Suppressed B7-H3 expression reduces glycolytic capacity and sensitizes tumor cells to anti-cancer agents. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4133.
Flaxseed and its constituents in MRL/Ipr lupus mice
Authors: A. Parbtani, W. F. Clark, H. De Salis, L. Rudzitis, M. Keeney, I. Chin Yee, K. Tomobe, D. Philbrick, B. Holub, M. Huff, A. M. Jevnikar
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1994)
A Phase I/II Trial of Combination Gemcitabine and Bortezomib (VELCADE®) for Relapsed/Refractory T-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) and Aggressive B-Cell NHL
Authors: Andrew M. Evens, Steven T. Rosen, Leo I. Gordon, Irene Helenowski, Justin Kline, Annette Larsen, Jane N. Winter, Sonali M. Smith, Koen M. Van Besien
Journal: Blood (2011)