tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-135 An atypical complication of lymphocytic oesophagitis; images of a pseudo tracheo-oesophageal fistula
Authors: V Manda, C Sharp, S Gibson, K Robertson
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In 2006 Lymphocytic Oesophagitis (LO) was characterised as a histologic subset of chronic oesophagitis. The pathognomonic feature is a peripapillary T-cell lymphocytic infiltrate. The commonest presenting symptom is dysphagia (75%) but it can also be with chest pain or reflux symptoms. Endoscopic findings are equally variable; normal mucosal appearance (30%), stricture (8.6%), ‘trachealisation’ (19.8%) and nodularity (3.7%). The endoscopic appearance of tracheo-oesophageal fistula has not been reported. <h3>Method</h3> We present a photographic study of a 76-year old lady with symptoms of intermittent dysphagia for 7 years. She had multiple endoscopy procedures with balloon dilation of what were thought to be simple peptic strictures. Recurrent dysphagia associated with weight loss prompted further endoscopy in 2014. An11 mm scope could not be advanced beyond 20 cm at which level there was evidence of patent but narrowed, rigid oesophagus. There was ‘trachealisation’ similar to that seen with eosinophilic oesophagitis. Biopsies were taken which allowed a diagnosis of LO. Poor patient compliance delayed repeat endoscopy for 6 months. The stricture was as before but there was also an area of weakness that seemed to depress with inspiration and protrude on expiration (Figure 1). The intention had been balloon dilation but with concern of a tracheo-oesophageal fistula it was not performed. Bronchoscopy, performed the next day, was normal. <h3>Results</h3> Oral intake was resumed without symptoms of tracheo-oesophageal fistula. CT demonstrated an area of thickened oesophageal wall and barium swallow showed a small out pouching of the oesophagus in keeping with the defect identified at endoscopy. Although still struggling with dysphagia our patient remained well and, at her request, was allowed home. Subsequent endoscopy has shown the area to have healed though the stricture remains. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Spontaneous perforation of the oesophagus has been reported as a complication of LO. Micro-abscesses have also been described and it is possible that an aggregation of these has resulted in perforation in that case and the appearance of a fistula seen in our case. LO is a very rare condition and we have much to learn of its pathophysiology. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
An Indochinese refugee psychiatric clinic: culturally accepted treatment approaches
Authors: J D Kinzie, K A Tran, A Breckenridge, J D Bloom
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

In 1978 the authors established a weekly psychiatric clinic for Indochinese refugees. During the first 20 months, 50 patients were evaluated and treated at the clinic; a Vietnamese psychiatric resident and several native Indochinese mental health counselors bridged the language and cultural barriers between patients and clinic personnel. Most of the patients seen at the beginning of the program were psychotic and severely impaired. However, patients seen later suffered from a wider variety of problems. A flexible approach to treatment was adopted that would be compatible with the cultural expectations of the refugees. This resulted in the use of different forms of therapy and special emphasis on the medical approach of the physician, a role familiar to Indochinese patients. Gradually the clinic gained acceptance by members of the local refugee community.
Some Problems in the Estimation of Familial Risks of Disease
Authors: William Haenszel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1959)

Some differences between investigations of familial distribution of disease and the distribution of recessive characteristics in individuals are discussed. While the biological model for inheritance of recessive characteristics supports the use of a binomial distribution in the estimation of their frequencies, from index-case data, its application in studies of disease is questionable. Different approaches to the calculation of familial risk of disease, from index-case and control data, and their underlying assumptions are discussed and illustrated with stomach-cancer data reported by Videbaek and Mosbech. The model of equal probability of ascertaining affected individuals is also considered for familial studies of disease. Tabulations of the case-order distribution of index cases are advocated as a means of investigating whether ascertained index cases reflect a distribution of affected individuals or of families with affected individuals.
Influence of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Tension on the Respiration of Yoshida Ascites Tumor Ceils&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J KIELER
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1960)

The mechanism of the stimulating effect of CO2 on the respiration of Yoshida ascites tumor cells was studied by a modified Cartesian diver technique. The effect of CO2 on the endogenous respiration of Yoshida cells was most pronounced in tumors with a high mitotic coefficient. In the presence of glucose the relative effect was higher than in its absence. This could be explained in part by a neutralization of the Crabtree effect. Pyruvate added to the medium increased the effect, while oxalacetate made the cells independent of CO2. These results suggest that the stimulatory effect of CO2 on the respiration of Yoshida cells is due to an increased rate of oxalacetate synthesis.
Clinical responses with T lymphocytes targeting malignancy-associated κ light chains
Authors: Carlos A. Ramos, Barbara Savoldo, Vicky Torrano, Brandon Ballard, Huimin Zhang, Olga Dakhova, Enli Liu, George Carrum, Rammurti T. Kamble, Adrian P. Gee, Zhuyong Mei, Meng-Fen Wu, Hao Liu, Bambi Grilley, Cliona M. Rooney, Malcolm K. Brenner, Helen E. Heslop, Gianpietro Dotti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

Treatment of B cell malignancies with adoptive transfer of T cells with a CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) shows remarkable clinical efficacy. However, long-term persistence of T cells targeting CD19, a pan-B cell marker, also depletes normal B cells and causes severe hypogammaglobulinemia. Here, we developed a strategy to target B cell malignancies more selectively by taking advantage of B cell light Ig chain restriction. We generated a CAR that is specific for the κ light chain (κ.CAR) and therefore recognizes κ-restricted cells and spares the normal B cells expressing the nontargeted λ light chain, thus potentially minimizing humoral immunity impairment.We conducted a phase 1 clinical trial and treated 16 patients with relapsed or refractory κ+ non-Hodgkin lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (NHL/CLL) or multiple myeloma (MM) with autologous T cells genetically modified to express κ.CAR (κ.CARTs). Other treatments were discontinued in 11 of the 16 patients at least 4 weeks prior to T cell infusion. Six patients without lymphopenia received 12.5 mg/kg cyclophosphamide 4 days before κ.CART infusion (0.2 × 108 to 2 × 108 κ.CARTs/m2). No other lymphodepletion was used.κ.CART expansion peaked 1-2 weeks after infusion, and cells remained detectable for more than 6 weeks. Of 9 patients with relapsed NHL or CLL, 2 entered complete remission after 2 and 3 infusions of κ.CARTs, and 1 had a partial response. Of 7 patients with MM, 4 had stable disease lasting 2-17 months. No toxicities attributable to κ.CARTs were observed.κ.CART infusion is feasible and safe and can lead to complete clinical responses.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00881920.National Cancer Institute (NCI) grants 3P50CA126752 and 5P30CA125123 and Leukemia and Lymphoma Society (LLS) Specialized Centers of Research (SCOR) grant 7018.
Interassociation Task Force Punts Decision on Universal ECG Screenings for Athletes
Authors: Julie A. Jacob
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SP0102 What Symptoms do GPS See and what do they do?
Authors: D. van Schaardenburg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

GPs spend a major part of their time dealing with patients with musculoskeletal symptoms. The attainment of the goal of early recognition and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therefore depends for an important part on the skills of the GP to single out those patients with arthralgia that are at high risk for RA or already have RA. The options for the GP are history taking, clinical examination, order autoantibody tests or imaging, and referral to the rheumatologist. GPs are not good at recognizing synovitis. Over the years, autoantibody testing has increased and time to referral has decreased. However, GP behaviour is largely unknown and varies widely across Europe, partly due to differences in health care organization and availability of GPs - and rheumatologists. The GP needs to be supported in the decision to further test or to refer a patient with arthralgia, e.g. by defining what is clinically suspect arthralgia, a currently ongoing EULAR project. Also, a prediction rule for arthritis in patients at risk is available, but this involves patients who have already tested positive on rheumatoid factor or ACPA. In this prediction rule, symptoms play an important role. Therefore such symptoms are now being further explored by the development of the quantitative "Symptoms in Persons At Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis (SPARRA) Questionnaire", another EULAR project. Finally, the experience of the RA patient in primary care during the years before diagnosis in the Netherlands is currently being analyzed. Preliminary results show an increased number of visits to primary care during these years, in particular for musculoskeletal symptoms and infections. In conclusion, several efforts are underway to better characterize the at risk phase of RA, which will help GPs to select patients at high risk for monitoring or referral. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Therapy for Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: Reinout van Crevel, Rovina Ruslami, Rob Aarnoutse
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

To the Editor: Heemskerk et al. (Jan.14 issue) 1 report no survival benefit for intensified antituberculosis treatment for patients with tuberculous meningitis in Vietnam, a finding that was contrary to the results of our study in Indonesia. 2ur unblinded study was smaller and had a higher proportion of patients with advanced tuberculous meningitis.However, we think that the contrasting results are explained by the dose of rifampin that was administered.The Vietnam study compared 10 mg of rifampin per kilogram of body weight per day with an increased dose of 15 mg of rifampin per kilogram, whereas we evaluated 13 mg of rifampin per kilogram administered intravenously.The high dose used in our study resulted in an increase in rifampin exposure in blood and cerebrospinal fluid by a factor of 3, with a relationship between the drug level and the therapeutic response. 3In our study, 38% of patients who were receiving 13 mg of rifampin per kilogram had drug exposure that was lower than the target exposure, which suggests that the dose was not high enough.Recent trial data for pulmonary tuberculosis also support higher doses of rifampin than that used in the Vietnam study.Regimens consisting of doses of less than 35 mg of rifampin per kilogram did not reduce the time to culture conversion. 4 We are currently evaluating similarly increased rifampin doses for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis to prepare for a phase 3 trial.Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses may show how many patients in the Vietnam trial with its modest dose increase reached target exposures of rifampin.
Estrogen-Based Therapies and Depression in Women Who Naturally Enter Menopause Before Population Average—Reply
Authors: Marios K. Georgakis, Alkistis Skalkidou, Eleni Th. Petridou
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Monitored conditional release of persons found not guilty by reason of insanity
Authors: J D Bloom, M H Williams, D A Bigelow
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1991)

This article reviews the recent literature documenting changes that have taken place in the management and treatment of insanity defense acquittees with the development of conditional release and monitored community treatment. The review demonstrates that conditional release is particularly important as a means of balancing the protection of society with the treatment of insanity defense acquittees in the least restrictive environment. The review also highlights the development of community programs based on treatment models for the chronically mentally ill. In addition, monitored community treatment programs appear cost-effective when compared with hospital-based programs. These factors point to the development in the 1990s of program standards for the release of insanity defense acquittees.
Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer.
Authors: K Vajda
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Prognostic factors are clinical and pathological features that give information in estimating the likely clinical outcome of an individual suffering from cancer. The author gives a short review of the most important prognostic factors in breast cancer. 376 breast cancer cases of a ten year interval in a county hospital are summarized. Traditional clinico-pathological parameters i.e. TNM and steroid receptor status are discussed. The more common karyotipic, oncogene and tumor suppressor gene alterations are outlined in the study. Methods for their detection are presented and their value in prognostication is reviewed. Emphasis was laid on steroid receptors, c-erpB-2, p53 and bcl-2 alterations. Genes responsible for heritable forms of increased breast cancer risk are briefly reviewed.
Polydipsia and tardive dyskinesia in chronic psychiatric patients-- related disorders?
Authors: D S Umbricht, B Saltz, S Pollack, M Woerner, J M Kane, J A Lieberman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

Dopamine supersensitivity, presumably playing a role in tardive dyskinesia, has been implicated in the unexplained polydipsia occurring in chronic psychiatric patients. To investigate this hypothesis, the authors compared laboratory measurements indicating the fluid status of 65 patients before and after the development of tardive dyskinesia. No evidence was found that patients who develop tardive dyskinesia concurrently develop abnormalities in fluid regulation.
NIMG-44IMPACT OF ANGIOTENSIN-II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS ON VASOGENIC EDEMA IN GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS
Authors: Antoine Kourilsky, Guillaume Bertrand, Renata Ursu, Jennifer Doridam, Ciprian Barlog, Thierry Faillot, Emmanuel Mandonnet, Catherine Belin, Christine Levy, Antoine Carpentier
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BACKGROUND: A significant morbidity in glioblastoma (GBM) patients is related to peri-tumoral edema, which requires chronic administration of steroids. Preliminary studies have shown that treatment with Angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs) for high blood pressure might be associated with reduced peri-tumoral edema. Our goal in this study was to radiologically assess the effect of ARBs on peri-tumoral vasogenic edema. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey on patients with newly diagnosed GBM. Patients treated with ARBs for high blood pressure were paired to non ARB-treated patients, based on similar age, tumor location and longest diameter. Patients taking steroids at the time of their pre-operative Magnetic Resonance Imaging were not eligible for this study. In each pair of patients, we compared the volumes of peri-tumoral hyper T2 FLAIR signal and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) selected in the same area. RESULTS: Eleven (11) patients treated with ARBs were selected and paired to 11 non ARB-treated controls. Volumes of peri-tumoral hyper T2 FLAIR signal were significantly lower in the ARB-treated group than in the non ARB-treated group (p = 0.02). Peri-tumoral ADCs were also significantly lower in the treated group (p = 0.02), suggesting that brain surrounding the tumor had less edematous characteristics when patients were treated with ARBs. CONCLUSION: All together, these results suggest that ARBs could reduce the volume of peri-tumoral hyper T2 FLAIR signal by decreasing vasogenic edema.
Studies on the Difference in Sarcoma-Producing Capacity of Two Lines of Mouse Cells Derived &lt;italic&gt;in Vitro&lt;/italic&gt; from One Cell
Authors: Katherine K. Sanford, Ruth M. Merwin, Gwendolyn L. Hobbs, Mary C. Fioramonti, Wilton R. Earle
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1958)

Journal Article Studies on the Difference in Sarcoma-Producing Capacity of Two Lines of Mouse Cells Derived in Vitro from One Cell Get access Katherine K. Sanford, Katherine K. Sanford National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ruth M. Merwin, Ruth M. Merwin National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gwendolyn L. Hobbs, Gwendolyn L. Hobbs National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mary C. Fioramonti, Mary C. Fioramonti National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wilton R. Earle Wilton R. Earle National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 20, Issue 1, January 1958, Pages 121–145, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/20.1.121 Published: 01 January 1958 Article history Received: 22 July 1957 Published: 01 January 1958
Culture and psychopathology: a study of Puerto Ricans
Authors: B Fernandez-Pol
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

There have been suggestions in the literature of a link between acceptance of traditional Latin American family values and the development of psychopathology. To test this hypothesis, the author surveyed 117 lower-class Puerto Rican psychiatric patients, using a scale to measure Hispanic American family-related values. The scores of these patients were compared with those of lower- and middle-class Puerto Rican nonpatients. The data provided some evidence that in poorer immigrants psychiatric morbidity is accompanied by evidence of decreased adherence to Latin American family beliefs.
PWE-322 Are we over-treating polyp cancers?
Authors: H Nair, N Ventham, C Mulholand, J Hallett, A Stewart, P Finneron, M Potter, BJ Mander, M Dunlop, F Din, D Speake
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The management and counselling of patients with polyp cancers can be technically challenging. Whilst identifying those at risk of residual or recurrent disease is important, it is undesirable to undertake potentially morbid resectional surgery when the risk of residual disease or recurrence is low. The aim of this study was to identify factors, which could better predict recurrence, thereby directing high-risk patients towards surgical resection and managing low-risk patients expectantly. <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective review identified 282 polyp cancers from the South East Scotland Cancer Network over a 10-year period from 2003 to 2013). Data collected were polyp cancer pathology, follow up-period, disease-free survival and management strategy. All patients were discussed through the colorectal cancer multidisciplinary team and had endoscopic and radiological assessment. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 282 polyp cancers identified, 85 (30.1%) underwent resectional surgery, 27 (9.6%) trans-endoscopic microsurgery and 195 (65.6%) had no further immediate treatment. This resulted in 222 patients on a watchful wait surveillance pathway. Median follow-up was 30.5 months for the watchful waiting group (range 1–97), 28 months for the resectional group (range 1–88). Overall, median follow up was 33 months (range 1–97). The most common reason for resectional surgery was an involved margin or adverse pathology. The overall median polyp size was 20mm (range 5–60 mm). In resectional surgery group, 91.2% had no residual disease, 8.8% had mural involvement, 7.7% nodal involvement and 4.4% had both. There was no 30-day mortality and morbidity was 16.1%. There were no local recurrences, 5 (5.9%) had distant recurrence, and 2 (2.4%) nodal recurrence. In the watchful wait group, 9 (4.1%) developed recurrence of which 5 underwent surgery and remain disease- free; the remainder were medically unfit for surgery. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There were no recurrences in patients without adverse pathology (i.e. vascular invasion, high-grade dysplasia), where resection margins were &gt;1 mm and both cross -sectional imaging and repeat endoscopy were clear. The majority of patients who had resectional surgery had no residual disease (&gt;90%). Our data suggests favourable pathology but a close margin does not always mandate surgery and we have subsequently changed practise for these patients. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Viral meningitis in Cyprus and England : summer 1996
Authors: M E Ramsay, D W Brown, H Appleton, B Megson, A Polynikis, L Papantoniou, A Eleftheriou
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1996)

An outbreak of viral meningitis began in Cyprus on 5 July 1996. By 28 August a total of 316 cases had been admitted to hospital, most of whom were infants and young children; 55 (17%) were less than 1 year of age, 117 (37%) were aged 1 to 4 years, 103 (33