tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abundance and distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in breast tissue.
Authors: DL Ellsworth, D Gillard, B Love, RE Ellsworth, B Deyarmin, JA Hooke, PJ Kostyniak, CD Shriver
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5039 Background: Breast cancer is a complex disease whose causative factors remain ambiguous and poorly defined. Many environmental chemicals accumulate in human tissues and may contribute to breast cancer risk. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which constitute a class of chlorinated compounds that are ubiquitous in the environment, are believed to be associated with adverse health effects. Because the rising incidence of breast cancer may result from exposure to increasing levels of exogenous chemicals, there is keen interest in determining relationships between exposure to environmental chemicals and breast cancer risk.&amp;#x2028; Material and Methods: Frozen sections of breast tissue were collected from each quadrant and the central region of the breast from 47 patients enrolled in the Clinical Breast Care Project at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Pathological diagnoses ranged from disease free prophylactic mastectomy to metastatic breast cancer. From a portion of each sample, 98 PCB congeners were assayed by pressurized liquid extraction followed by high resolution gas chromatography.&amp;#x2028; Results: PCBs were abundant in breast tissues. Only one congener was not observed in any patient and four (153, 138+163, 180, 206) were seen in all patients in at least one quadrant. Mean total PCB concentration in 202 breast quadrants was 602 ng/g lipid (range 0-4030), while for individual congeners, PCB 153 had an average level of 107 ng/g lipid (range 8-773 ng/g). Total PCB concentration (P&amp;lt;&amp;lt;0.001) and presence of 26 congeners (P&amp;lt;0.05) were highly correlated with patient age, particularly in the UIQ and LOQ, but not in the central region, suggesting that chemicals may accumulate at different rates in different regions of the breast. Similarly, no significant differences were observed for PCB concentrations among the four traditional quadrants, but 23 PCBs were present at significantly lower levels (P&amp;lt;0.05) in the central region. When examining PCB levels by disease status, seven individual congeners and median overall levels were significantly higher (P&amp;lt;0.05) in patients with invasive cancer compared to disease free patients.&amp;#x2028; Discussion: Population monitoring is beginning to assess exposures of the general public to environmental chemicals to evaluate long-term health effects. This study showed that many PCB residues are present in human breast tissue, these chemicals are not distributed evenly, and several are correlated with age and presence of invasive disease. Improved understanding of the true carcinogenic potential of environmental chemicals may be useful in efforts to reduce individual risk for breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5039.
Oropharyngoesophageal Scintigraphy in the Evaluation of Swallowing Disorders After Surgery for Oral Cancer
Authors: V Valenza, J Galli, L Romano, F Reale, A M Samanes Gajate, L Corina, G Almadori
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Valenza, Venanzio M.D.*; Galli, Jacopo M.D.†; Romano, Luisa M.D.*; Reale, Francesca M.D.*; Gajate, Ana Maria Samanes M.D.*; Corina, Luigi M.D.†; Almadori, Giovanni M.D.† Author Information
DISPARITIES IN REVASCULARIZATION FOR ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PERSIST FOR PATIENTS WITH SEVERE MENTAL ILLNESS
Authors: Joshua Schulman-Marcus, Parag Goyal, Rajesh Swaminathan, Harsimran Singh, Robert Minutello, Geoffrey Bergman, Shing-Chiu Wong, Dmitriy Feldman, Luke Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Deletion of Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 Gene in an Infant with Neonatal Thyroid Dysfunction and Respiratory Failure
Authors: Koenraad Devriendt, Christine Vanhole, Gert Matthijs, Francis de Zegher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

To the Editor: The thyroid and lungs develop as outgrowths of the ventral foregut. Differentiation and early function of both organs appear to be related through the common expression of the thyroi...
A GABAergic nigrotectal pathway for coordination of drinking behavior
Authors: Mark A Rossi, Haofang E Li, Dongye Lu, Il Hwan Kim, Ryan A Bartholomew, Erin Gaidis, Joseph W Barter, Namsoo Kim, Min Tong Cai, Scott H Soderling, Henry H Yin
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2016)
Abstract LB-72: Advocacy in Action: A Research Advocacy Program with a Multilateral Approach at the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center
Authors: Caroline Hanson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The research advocacy program at Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center (VICC) is paving the way as a model for nationally-recognized research advocacy programs. As survivors and caregivers that come from a variety of backgrounds and perspectives, research advocates at VICC are well-equipped to collaborate substantially in the development, oversight and dissemination of cancer research. Our approach is to provide VICC researchers with the “patient perspective”_to help guide and refine research at our institution so it is meaningful and relevant to patients/participants and to improve the credibility of cancer research and clinical trials in the community. This multilateral approach does not discriminate cancer as limited to one organ site or one demographic. Research advocates at VICC participate in a wide variety of advocacy activities. Opportunities to provide the “patient perspective” include attendance at research seminars, research project meetings, conferences and advocate meetings. Advocates also develop and deliver research advocacy presentations and participate/collaborate with other VICC and community programs, as well as the National Cancer Institute to facilitate academic/advocacy partnerships. To help guide research at VICC to ensure it is meaningful and relevant to patient/participants, advocates review and provide input on research development, design, clinical trials and informed consent. Advocates also develop patient oriented resources and tools for clinical trials, as well as serve as grant reviewers. To improve the credibility of cancer research and clinical trials in our community, advocates collaborate with local, regional and national organizations to facilitate advocacy participation and develop educational programs for the community to promote awareness of cancer research in clinical trials. One example is a novel educational outreach program entitled, “Mythbusters: Cancer Research in Jeopardy,” that aims to dispel common myths associated with cancer research and clinical trials. The research advocacy program at VICC uses a strategy to educate the community using an interactive program significantly increases knowledge. This interactive approach, as well as more traditional methods, allows our research advocates to take an active role in the direction of cancer research and treatment, and to tackle the important task of bridging the gaps between cancer researchers, survivors, caregivers and the community. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-72. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-72
820 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING OF TELAPREVIR IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS RECEIVING TELAPREVIR-BASED TRIPLE THERAPY IS USEFUL FOR PREDICTING VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE AND AVOIDING TOXIC DRUG-EXPOSURE
Authors: N. Furusyo, E. Ogawa, M. Murata, K. Toyoda, H. Ohnishi, K. Eiraku, M. Shimizu, Y. Harada, F. Mitsumoto, K. Takayama, J. Hayashi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Abstract 3605: Enterohepatic circulation of indolecarboxamide ML-970 (NSC 716970), an investigative anticancer agent
Authors: Elizabeth Rayburn, Wei Wang, Silvana Grau, Haibo Li, Hongxia Xu, Xu Zhang, Mao Li, Charnell Sommers, Lee Jia, Moses Lee, Ruiwen Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract ML-970 (NSC 716970), an analog of CC-1065 (a DNA minor-groove binding agent) is under preclinical investigation as a novel anticancer agent. The compound has shown in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity. As part of the preclinical evaluation of this agent, we carried out pharmacokinetic studies of ML-970 in CD-1 and nude mice. Of interest, we observed that there was minimal urinary and fecal excretion of the agent within the first 24 hr and relatively low concentrations of the compound in tissues examined (lungs, kidneys, heart, spleen, brain). Additionally, the compound was still detectable at low levels in the plasma for at least 8 hr, and in tissues for at least 24 hr after administration, regardless of the routes of administration. Although high levels of plasma protein binding of the compound may be partially responsible, it was apparent that other factors might be contributing. To examine the underlying mechanism, we performed a pharmacokinetic study evaluating the distribution of the compound in tissues, organs, and organ contents (plasma, liver, lungs, kidneys, spleen, heart, brain, stomach, stomach contents, small intestine, small intestine contents, large intestine, large intestine contents, gallbladder, muscle, urine and feces) after i.v. and oral administration. We found the highest levels of the compound in the gallbladder, small intestine, small intestine contents, large intestine contents and liver, regardless of route of administration. Concentrations of 314.7μg/g, 1383.5μg/g, and 392.6μg/g for 0.5, 2, and 8 hr after i.v. injection, and 28.0μg/g, 313.1μg/g, and 123.7μg/g for 0.5, 2, and 8 hr after oral administration, respectively, were observed for the gallbladder. Average concentrations higher than 19 μg/g were found in the other tissues for at least one time point (range: 19.3μg/g to 286.2μg/g). The high concentrations present in gastrointestinal and hepato-biliary organs, persistence of the compound, and relatively low levels of urinary and fecal excretion during the first 24 hr, indicate that the compound undergoes enterohepatic circulation. These results should be useful for interpretation of future preclinical and clinical developmental studies of ML-970. (This work was supported by NCI Contract N01-CM-52207.) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3605.
MicroRNA alterations associated with <i>BRAF</i> status in melanoma.
Authors: Michelle W. Ma, Joshua Andrew Farhadian, Erica Brooke Friedman, Eleazar Vega-Saenz de Miera, Douglas Hanniford, Miguel F. Segura, Russell S. Berman, Richard L. Shapiro, Anna C. Pavlick, Jiri Zavadil, Eva Hernando, Iman Osman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

8565 Background: We hypothesize that BRAF mutations result in microRNA (miRNA) alterations which contribute to orchestrating the mutant BRAF’s oncogenic effects in melanoma. Our study is the first to examine the association between the BRAF mutation status in primary melanomas and the expression of miRNAs that target known tumor suppressors. Methods: 84 prospectively accrued melanoma patients at New York University Langone Medical Center were studied. DNA and total RNA were extracted from consecutive sections of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary tissues. BRAF mutation status was determined by DNA sequencing. RNA was hybridized to miRCURY miRNA microarrays containing 1314 probes. Normalized miRNA data were analyzed using the t-test (p&lt;0.05) to identify differentially expressed miRNAs between BRAFmut vs. BRAFwt cases. Those with an average fold change (FC) &gt; 2 were selected for predicted (TargetScan, PicTar) and validated (miRWalk) gene target analysis, and overlapping genes targeted by ≥ 2 miRNAs were analyzed using pathway-mapping algorithms (KEGG, BioCarta, PANTHER). Results: 48 (57%) primaries were BRAFwt and 36 (43%) were BRAFmut (26 V600E, 4 V600K, 1 V600R, 1 V600D, 4 other). 30 miRNAs met the criteria for statistically significant differential expression and FC thresholding: let-7i, miR-23c, -26a/b, -27b, -34a, -98, -126*, -141, -148a, -181b, -195, -199a-3p, -199a/b-5p, -200a/b/c, -203, -205, -455-3p, -491-3p, -606, -641, -646, -1297, -4301; miRPlus-C1070, -C1110, -G1246-3p (average FC: 2.3-3.5, all increased in BRAFmut vs. BRAFwt). Predicted and validated target gene analysis revealed 317 genes, of which 110 (35%) were convergent targets of ≥ 2 miRNAs. Pathway analyses of the predicted, validated, and convergent target genes pointed to the potential impact of BRAFmut-associated miRNAs on known tumor suppressors FAS, PTEN, and TNF and the p53 pathway. Conclusions: Differentially expressed miRNAs in BRAFmut vs. BRAFwt primaries target genes with known roles in melanoma biology and/or treatment response. These miRNAs warrant further study as potential effectors of the BRAFmut oncogenic program.
Abstract 3985: New quantification tools for perfusion and VEGFR2 Expression in tumors
Authors: F. Stuart Foster, Tonya Coulthard, Andrew Needles, Catherine Theodoropoulos
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Microbubble contrast agents are used to enhance the visualization of the microcirculation in human and mouse tumors. Specifically, contrast agents allow for the relative quantification of tissue perfusion and vascular volume. The in vivo expression of endothelial cell surface markers can also be studied using targeted microbubbles. In this study a nonlinear contrast agent imaging technique, employing amplitude modulation on a linear array-based micro-ultrasound system was used to visualize and quantify time to peak enhancement (TP) and vascular volume (VV) in subcutaneous tumors, as well as to assess expression levels of VEGFR2. A Vevo 2100 high resolution ultrasound imaging system (VisualSonics Inc, Toronto, Canada) was used and all images were acquired with the MS-250 (center operating frequency of 20MHz, axial resolution 75um) probe. Tumor flow was assessed using MicroMarker contrast agents. A bolus delivery was employed to generate time-intensity curves of contrast wash-in; prototype analytical software was used to perform curve fit analysis and to generate parametric images visually depicting VV and TP as an overlay on the anatomical images. Additionally, Target-Ready MicroMarker contrast agents were conjugated to VEGFR2 antibodies to assess the expression level of this endothelial cell surface receptor. Again, prototype analytical software was used to quantify the relative expression of this target and to generate parametric images of its expression pattern within the tumor. All images were acquired from athymic nude mice implanted with hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Hep3B-Luc-C4) subdermally in the hind limb 4 to 5 weeks before imaging. Results showed heterogeneity in TP and VV in all tumors. TP ranged from 3.5 seconds in well perfused regions to 12 seconds in poorly perfused tumor regions. The graphical appearance of the associated parametric images readily revealed these differences. Assessment of VEGFR2 expression completed in 2D and 3D showed 2-3 times enhancement in VEGFR2 binding over that observed with the isotype control antibody. These results are consistent with previous methods using linear contrast processing. Overall this study shows the utility of nonlinear processing of contrast signals in assessment of various flow related parameters of the tumor microcirculation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3985.
Abstract 5677: Inhibition of Azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci in C57BL/6 mice by the Chinese medicinal herb <i>Scutellaria barbata</i>
Authors: Brian Yuen Yau Wong, Lucas Y. Kim, Brian Y. Kim, Jeeyoon Jung, Christal Y. Nishikawa, Alyssa K. Zima, Randy P. Hausted
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Scutellaria barbata (SB) is a perennial herb of the mint family which has been used to treat appendicitis, hepatitis, pulmonary abscess, and cancers of the liver, lung, and colon in Chinese medicine. Our early studies showed that SB contained phytochemicals that inhibited mutagenesis, DNA binding, and metabolism of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and benzo[a]pyrene bioactivated by Arcoclor 1254-induced rat S9. It also inhibited the mutagenicity of AFB1 bioactivated by either non-induced or DXM-induced hepatic S9, suggesting its effect via an inhibition of CYP3-mediated metabolism of [3H]AFB1. Recent oral feeding data demonstrated that SB could delay prostate tumor development in TRAMP mice. Complementary in vitro data indicated that SB may exert this function via up-regulating the apoptotic pathway and down-regulating the survival pathway in murine (TRAMP-C1) and human (LNCaP) prostate cancer cells. Inhibitory effects of SB were also observed in inducing cell death in human (LoVo) colon cancer cells. This study investigated the effects of SB on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (AFC) formation in C57BL/6 mice. Thirty C57BL/6 mice of 9 wks old were randomized into three groups (N=10). Mice of the positive control and experimental groups were injected with AOM (5 mg/kg body wt) at the beginning and second wk of the 8-wk duration while the negative control group received no injection. Animals in the experimental group received daily oral feedings of 24 mg SB since day 1 while mice in the other two groups were given sterilized-water placebo. SB feeding significantly reduced the number of AOM-induced ACF in the proximal colon (25 mm) compared with the water-fed positive control AOM-induced group (8.35 ± 5.56 &amp;lt; 32.1 ± 9.86; P&amp;lt; 0.000047). The negative non-induced group had minimal ACF (2.0 ± 1.56) compared to the experimental and positive control groups (P&amp;lt; 0.0056; P&amp;lt; 0.0000034 respectively). The potency index of the herb was calculated as 3.84. Significant percent inhibition (74%) of AOM-induced ACF formation was obtained with SB treatment. Mice in all three groups had gained wt (% increase) in the course of the experiment (negative control, 16.2 ± 4.32 &amp;lt; experimental, 20.7 ± 10.39 &amp;lt; positive control, 35.78 ± 16.79). These in vivo data suggest the potential chemopreventive and treatment potential of SB. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5677.
Benefits of Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer Reaffirmed
Authors: S. Jenks
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Benefits of Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer Reaffirmed Get access Susan Jenks Susan Jenks Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 3, 5 February 1992, Page 144, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.3.144 Published: 05 February 1992
IMPACT OF REGIONAL SYSTEMS OF CARE ON DISPARITIES OF CARE IN FEMALES AND BLACKS PRESENTING WITH ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Tomoya Timothy Hinohara, Christopher Fordyce, Matthew Sherwood, Joan Gu, Hussein Al-Khalidi, Mayme Roettig, Peter Berger, Claire Corbett, Jacqueline Tamis-Holland, Joseph Burchenal, Lisa Monk, B. Hadley Wilson, James Jollis, Christopher Granger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
P205 Multiple Breath Washouts In Children Can Be Significantly Shortened Without Compromising Measurement Quality
Authors: F. Ahmad, S. Irving, A. Bush, L. Fleming, S. Saglani
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Multiple-breath washout (MBW) is used to calculate a measure of ventilation heterogeneity, the lung clearance index (LCI), and requires tidal breathing until a previously inspired tracer gas concentration falls below 1/40th of the initial value, an arbitrary threshold. LCI is usually performed in triplicate, each taking 4–8 min to complete which may be taxing, particularly in young children and those with marked airflow obstruction. Shortened LCI is of interest since a reduction in the test time may increase feasibility and improve the clinical applicability of the measurement. We hypothesised that LCI measurements could be reliably shortened. We also investigated whether shortened MBW was responsive to an intervention. <h3>Patients and methods</h3> We calculated LCI from a fixed time point, and from a fixed number of breaths, as well as LCI and 25% (LCI0.25), 50% (LCI0.5) and 75% (LCI0.75) of 1/40th of the initial concentration of tracer gas (LCIstd) and the time saved, in children aged 6–16 years with asthma (n = 21), cystic fibrosis (CF, n = 20) and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD, n = 19), and healthy controls (n = 17), aged 3–18 years. Shortened LCI was also calculated in 29 asthmatic children pre and one month post one intra-muscular triamcinolone injection, part of our clinical severe asthma protocol. <h3>Results</h3> Calculating shortened LCI from a fixed washout time or breath number was not reliable. However, all shortened LCI measurements from initial gas concentration correlated significantly with LCIstd in each disease group. LCI0.5 presented a balance between correlation with LCIstd (see figure) and time-saving. Mean proportion of time saved per washout, using LCI0.5, was 27% (asthma), 28% (CF) and 31% (PCD). Furthermore, LCI0.5 was significantly reduced after triamcinolone in children with severe asthma (mean LCI0.5 pre, 5.5 and 5.1 post triamcinolone, p = 0.02), and the change was similar to that demonstrated using LCIstd (mean LCIstd pre, 7.8 and post 7.0, p = 0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> We show for the first time that LCI measurements can be shortened without loss of information in school-children with asthma, CF and PCD. LCI0.5 was the optimal surrogate measure for LCIstd when proportion of time saved, correlation with LCIstd and change following an intervention were considered.