tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Electrocardiographic Telemetry in Skiers
Authors: John S. Hanson, Burton S. Tabakin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

AMONG the many valuable developments in bio-electronics during recent years frequency-modulation telemetering of physiologic data is certainly prominent. Applications related to space travel fostered this instrumentation, but the clinical physiologist is also enjoying its benefits, several types of such telemetering equipment now being commercially available. The advantages of being able to record continuously one or several physiologic phenomena without the necessity of direct instrument attachment to subject or patient are obvious. For the first time the exercise physiologist is able to study variables such as the electrocardiogram, body temperature and electroencephalogram in a wide variety of exercise situations.During the . . .
Strong diabetes
Authors: James Young, Aresh Anwar
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

The case of a 36-year-old male professional bodybuilder is reported. He presented to the accident and emergency department with right upper quadrant pain. This was on the background of a 15-year history of anabolic steroid and growth hormone misuse. Examination revealed mild hepatomegaly and a random blood sugar of 30.2 mmol/l. There was no evidence of ketonuria or acidosis. Biochemical evidence of hepatitis was found, and the patient was in acute renal failure. He was given a sliding scale of insulin and an intravenous infusion of crystalloid. The hepatitis and hyperglycaemia settled with conservative treatment. It is believed that this is the first reported case of frank diabetes precipitated by supraphysiological recreational growth hormone misuse.
Rich countries can learn from poor ones about delivering good care at low cost, conference hears
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Rich countries that provide wasteful, inefficient, and inequitable health services should be more accountable for the money they spend and should adapt cost effective models of care pioneered in poor countries, delegates agreed at a meeting last week on global health.

The meeting was held by the Salzburg Global Seminar (www.salzburgglobal.org) and the Dartmouth Center for Health Care Delivery Science in Hanover, New Hampshire (www.dartmouth.edu/~tdc/). Al Mulley, director of the Dartmouth centre, drew attention to the low investment in research into how health services are organised and delivered and to the failure to assess rigorously whether they provide value for money in terms of outcomes that matter to patients and populations. 

Poor countries have had to innovate to provide essential services, and there is plenty of scope …
Breast or Lung: Which Is Higher Cause of Cancer Death In Women?
Authors: C. K. Wittenberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Breast or Lung: Which Is Higher Cause of Cancer Death In Women? Get access Clarissa K. Wittenberg Clarissa K. Wittenberg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 80, Issue 16, 19 October 1988, Pages 1276–1277, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.16.1276-a Published: 19 October 1988
Dopamine in the Treatment of Hypotension and Shock
Authors: Keith L. MacCannell, John L. McNay, M. B. Meyer, Leon I. Goldberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

ALTHOUGH sympathomimetic amines with vasoconstrictor (alpha-adrenergic) activity are commonly given to elevate the systemic blood pressure in hypotensive states, their use has been questioned on the basis that vasoconstriction may result in reduced blood flow to visceral organs.1 Most clinically useful sympathomimetic amines, however, also possess potentially beneficial beta-adrenergic activity, which results in increased myocardial contractility.2 Attempts to achieve myocardial stimulation without vasoconstriction have centered on the use of sympathomimetic amines with predominant beta-adrenergic activity (isoproterenol,3 or epinephrine4) or on the conjoint use of alpha-adrenergic blocking agents with amines possessing both alpha and beta activity (norepinephrine5 or metaraminol). Although . . .
Endoscopic removal of a biliary covered metallic stent with the invagination method
Authors: Y. Nakai, H. Isayama, K. Kawakubo, H. Kogure, T. Sasaki, O. Togawa, N. Sasahira, K. Hirano, T. Tsujino, M. Tada, M. Omata, K. Koike
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Endoscopic removal of covered self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) has been increasingly reported [1] [2] [3]. Migration is one of the complications with covered SEMS, and a recently developed covered WallFlex stent (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, USA) has flared ends to prevent migration. We experienced difficulty in removal of a partially covered WallFlex stent because of embedment of this flared proximal end. Here we describe a new method for removing an embedded stent.
Abstract 3995: Identification of putative miRNA targets by a systems biological approach in NCI-60 data
Authors: Sangbae Kim, Yun-Yong Park, Eun-Sung Park, Sang-Cheol Oh, Jong-Seung Kim, Bo-Hwa Sohn, Soo-Mi Kim, Michael A. Davis, Gordon B. Mills, Ju-Seog Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules and on average only 22 nucleotides long that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Target predictions of miRNA based on sequence are limited due to too many candidates resulting in high false positives. To overcome this limitation functional target prediction approaches have been investigated by using mRNA and miRNA expression data. These approaches used in the computational assessment of functional miRNA-target association. However, these approaches with miRNA-mRNA association were not enough to verify real functional targets at protein level, which could affect on biological signaling pathway. Therefore, in order to overcome current limitation we developed a novel correlation-based approach (sequence-independence) that predict the association of miRNAs with signaling pathways by using genomics and proteomics data from NCI-60 cancer cell lines (mRNA, miRNA, and protein expression data). To identify miRNA-protein association, we used two correlation-based methods: direct comparison (miRNA-protein pairs) and indirect comparison (miRNA-mRNA and protein-mRNA pairs), then compared their outputs. In direct comparison, we calculated Pearson correlation coefficients for 96k probe pairs and found over 3 k significant correlated pairs (3.2 %) at the cut-off p-value &amp;lt; 0.005: among them 53.4 % were negative and 46.6% were positive. In indirect comparison, we ranked the number of correlated mRNA probes between miRNA-mRNA and protein-mRNA pairs, in which we calculated over 11 and 5.7 million probe pairs respectively. Then, two significant output pair sets were combined by intersection of mRNA probes and then determined the number of common probes. With these determined numbers, finally we generated association score matrix between miRNA and protein probes. Using those score matrix, we evaluated the highly associated miRNAs with 40 biological pathways, which play critical roles in cell cycle, proliferation and metastasis. In conclusion, we developed a noble expression profile-based approach to systematically predict potential miRNA functional targets which play critical roles in cell signaling pathways from the NCI-60 genomic and proteomic data at whole genomic scale. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3995. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3995
Abstract 538: ROS differentially regulates prostate cancer cell survival
Authors: Mahandranauth A. Chetram, Danaya A. Bethea, Taylor J. Stowers, Cimona V. Hinton
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that ROS accumulation correlates with increasing aggressiveness of prostate cancer cells, and increased expression of oncogenic molecules, such as CXCR4. CXCR4 is a G-Protein Coupled Receptor that is heavily implicated in the metastatic dissemination of prostate tumor cells to bone marrow. In cancer and other cell models, CXCR4 expression and activity increases in response to hypoxic environments and/or oxidative stress. Cells react by inducing expression of a HIF1α transcription factor, which enhances expression of targeted genes involved in adjusting to oxidative stress and cell survival. HIF1α has been shown to directly induce the expression of CXCR4 in prostate cancer cells. Therefore, generation of ROS in tumor tissues may critically influence CXCR4-mediated expression and functions, ultimately encouraging cancer progression. In this study, we elucidate a mechanism by which ROS induces CXCR4 expression and function in prostate cancer cells. We initially investigated the role of ROS on the phosphorylation of AKT (p-AKT) and ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in DU145 and 22Rv1 prostate cancer cell lines. Using H2O2 as our model of ROS, we found that H2O2 induced a gradual expression of p-AKT and p-ERK1/2 by western blot analysis, which was abrogated by the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). It has been shown that PTEN is a negative regulator of AKT and ERK1/2 signaling, and that ROS accumulation inactivates PTEN phosphatase function; hence, we determined whether the increase in p-AKT and p-ERK1/2 expression was due to loss of PTEN function. By performing a phosphatase assay, we found that H2O2 inhibited PTEN catalytic activity compared to untreated cells, while NAC abrogated these effects in both cell lines. The increase in ROS and loss of PTEN has been shown to correlate with CXCR4-mediated function; therefore, we determined the role of H2O2 on CXCR4 expression. We found that H2O2 induced CXCR4 expression in DU145 cells, but not in 22Rv1 cells. Furthermore, we investigated whether ROS-mediated induction of CXCR4 was HIF1α dependent. Interestingly, H2O2 induced expression of HIF1α in DU145 cells, which was abrogated by siRNA for HIF1α. HIF1α expression decreased in 22Rv1 cells, which correlated with apoptosis, as confirmed by Annexin-V analysis. Finally, we observed that the H2O2-mediated increase in CXCR4 enhanced transendothelial invasion and migration in DU145 cells in a CXCR4 dependent manner. Our study suggests that ROS differentially regulates CXCR4 expression and function in prostate cancer cells, suggesting that ROS plays a differential role on heterogeneous tumor mass. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 538. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-538
Three-Phase Bone Scintigraphy for Imaging Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaw
Authors: Constantin Lapa, Christian Linz, Christina Bluemel, Anja Mottok, Urs Mueller-Richter, Alexander Kuebler, Peter Schneider, Johannes Czernin, Andreas K. Buck, Ken Herrmann
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

This study evaluates the diagnostic utility of 3-phase bone scintigraphy for diagnosing osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ). Methods Thirty-two consecutive patients with a history of radiation to the head and neck region (range, 62–70 Gy; mean, 68 Gy; median, 69 Gy) due to squamous cell cancer and suspected ORNJ underwent 3-phase bone scans after injection of 520 to 750 MBq of 99mTc-MPD. In addition to planar scans, tomographic images (SPECT) were acquired in the second phase and SPECT/CT images during the third phase. Histopathologic findings (n = 18) and clinical follow-up (n = 14) served as reference standard for osteoradionecrosis. Results The first, second, and third phases of planar images were rated positive in 18/32 patients (56.3%), 25/32 (78.1%), and 27/32 patients (84.4%), respectively. The late SPECT was positive in all patients (32/32, 100%), respectively. Histopathologic findings available in 18/32 patients (56.3%) confirmed ORNJ in all subjects. Acute inflammation was histologically proven in 18/18 specimens (100%) and additional chronic inflammation in 12/18 (66.7%). In 13/18 (72.2%) specimens, superinfection was evident histopathologically. A photopenic defect with surrounding hypermetabolism, a reported hallmark of ORJN, was found in less than 5%. Conclusions The predominant scintigraphic pattern of osteoradionecrosis includes increased bone mineralization phase in all patients. Central photopenia, reportedly a typical bone scan finding in bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis, was not characteristic for ORNJ. A differentiation of acute from chronic inflammatory processes was not possible.
Abstract 1570: Frameshift peptides as prophylactic cancer vaccines antigens
Authors: Shen Luhui, Kathryn Sykes, Stephen Albert Johnston
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: The goal of the project is to develop a universal, prophylactic cancer vaccine. We are integrating bioinformatics, genetics, proteomics and immunological methods to identify tumor DNA-encoded components for the development of an effective vaccine. In a previous study, we used bioinformatic and genetics analyses to identify a list of abberant transcripts associated with tumor cells that encode frameshift-derived (FS) neo-peptides. These FS peptides are a result of various gene mutations and abnormal splicings in tumor cells that would cause expression of gene sequences in alternate reading frames. The transcript encoding one of these vaccine component candidates, SMC1A (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes 1A) FS was detected in numerous mouse and human tumor cell lines and primary human breast and pancreatic tumors. One dose genetic immunization with a plasmid expressing SMC1A FS significantly delayed tumor growth in C57BL/6 mice transplanted with the B16F10 melanoma cell line. To exam protection of SMC1A FS in a more realistic prophylactic model, we investigated the protection of SMC1A FS in two mouse spontaneous breast tumor models. Results: We similarly detected the transcript corresponding to the SMC1A FS peptide in tumors from spontaneous mouse breast tumor models: FVB/N-NeuT and BALB-NeuT. The SMC1A FS expression increases with the expression of Rat Her-2 in mouse mammary gland. Wild type and mutated Rat Her 2 are the oncogenes that induce spontaneously breast tumor development in FVB/N-NeuT and BALB-NeuT respectively. Both anti-SMC1A FS IgG and SMC1A FS peptide induced IFN-γ released splenocytes were detected in non-treated tumor bearing FVB/N-NeuT mice. One dose genetic immunization of mice with an SMC1A FS expression plasmid significantly reduced spontaneous breast tumor development in FVB/N-NeuT mouse as compared to that in non-treated mice. Genetic immunization followed by a protein boost (prime/boost regimen) in BALB-NeuT mice also significantly reduced tumor development and the reduction is associated with antibody reactivity to SMC1A FS. Discussion: The protection of SMC1A FS prophylactic immunization in spontaneous mouse tumor models indicates SMC1A S can be a potential prophylactic cancer vaccine candidate to prevent a variety of tumors types. We are applying the same basic approach to accumulate sufficient antigens to constitute a broadly protective, prophylactic cancer vaccine. (This research is supported by an Innovation Award from the DoD and The Keck Foundation to SAJ.) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1570. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1570
Abstract LB-276: 2-D DIGE and siRNA to find new cancer targets
Authors: Anneli Jorsback, Maria Winkvist, Åsa Hagner-McWhirter, Marene Landström, Reshma Sundar, Ulla Engström
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract siRNA is a powerful tool in loss-of-function studies which generates valuable information on target validation. siRNA is highly selective and suppress gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. These features have made it a key tool in signal transduction - a cornerstone in cancer biology. 2-D DIGE (two dimensional differential gel electrophoresis) is a fluorescence based technology with the capacity to separate thousands of proteins in one single run, with high reproducibility. This makes it a valuable tool for differential expression analyses. In this study two powerful methods, siRNA and 2-D DIGE, were combined to investigate a well-known signaling pathway, pivotal in cancer biology. Silencing of the target protein made it possible not only to identify a large number of proteins that were differentially regulated but also to resolve the time dependency of protein regulation. Thus the combined use of siRNA and 2-D DIGE made it possible to find potentially new targets in the signaling pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-276. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-276
P838 DISTURBED ENERGY METABOLISM AND LIPID PROFILE AFTER A 4 WEEK HIGH ORAL FRUCTOSE CHALLENGE: POSSIBLE ROLE OF BILE ACIDS
Authors: C. Kienbacher, S. Traussnigg, E. Halilbasic, C.D. Fuchs, W. Dolak, P. Steindl-Munda, T. Stojakovic, G. Fauler, T. Claudel, M. Trauner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Abstract 3963: MicroRNA-124 and microRNA-1, commonly lost in glioma, coordinately target sphingosine kinase-1 in glioma cells
Authors: Jakub A. Godlewski, Agnieszka Bronisz, James Van Brocklyn, Yan Wang, Sean Lawler, E. Antonio Chiocca
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Glioma (Glioblastoma multiforme, GBM) is the most common and the most aggressive form of brain tumor. As its Latin name implies, glioma is characterized by enormous heterogeneity and many different genes and cellular pathways responsible for glioma genesis and progression have been described. One of them is Sphingosine Kinase-1 (SPHK-1), a bona fide oncogene in glioma, whose marked up-regulation of expression and activity is responsible for the poor patient outcome due to escalating proliferation and invasiveness of glioma cells. MicroRNAs are short, non-coding regulators of the gene expression and deregulation of their expression is a frequent event in the formation and progression of many malignancies including glioma. Among these deregulated microRNAs, microRNA-124 is the most downregulated microRNA. It has been shown to promote neuronal differentiation and inhibit glioma cell proliferation and to target CDK6. Here we show that microRNA-1 is also severely downregulated in glioma patients and that it acts coordinately with microRNA-124 to target SPHK-1. We show that both microRNAs directly target the SPHK-1 3’UTR and that such targeting results in the decrease of both SPHK-1 expression and activity. We also demonstrate that overexpression of both microRNA-124 and microRNA-1 causes a significant increase in the frequency of apoptotic cells and marked decrease in glioma cell proliferation and invasiveness. Additionally, we show that microRNA-1 directly targets another glioma oncogene – Annexin2A (ANXA2). Targeting of ANXA2 by microRNA-1 impairs glioma cell-cell adhesion and glioma spheroid formation, which effect can be partially rescued by the overexpression of ANXA2 with a mutated microRNA-1 target site but not by wild type ANXA2. Our results provide another target of therapeutic importance for microRNA-124 in glioma cells. Here we show that microRNA-124, along with microRNA-1 can exert profound effect on glioma cells by inhibiting expression and activity of SPHK1 and that additional effects caused by microRNA-1 are likely mediated through targeting ANXA2. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3963. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3963
Abstract 3615: Does selenium supplementation increase serum glucose levels in men at high risk for prostate cancer.
Authors: Amit M. Algotar, C H. Hsu, Steven P. Stratton
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Current literature regarding the effect of selenium supplementation on risk of diabetes is inconclusive. Hence a longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the effect of selenium supplementation on serum glucose levels in elderly men. Methods: Data were obtained from 699 men participating in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 clinical trial investigating the effect of two doses of selenium (200 and 400 μg/day) compared to placebo on incidence of prostate cancer. Subjects were followed every six months for up to five years. Serum glucose levels were obtained every six months. Mixed effects regression models were used to assess if rate of change of serum glucose levels was significantly different in the selenium supplemented groups as compared to placebo. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of findings and to minimize the possibility of residual bias due to fasting status. Results: Of the total 2893 glucose measurements, 734 were carried out when the subject had been fasting for ≥ 8 hours. The changes in serum glucose levels during the course of the trial were not statistically significantly different as compared to placebo for the selenium 200 μg/day (p = 0.88) or selenium 400 μg/day (p = 0.45) treatment groups. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated comparable results for models using the total population and models restricted to subjects with only fasting glucose data. Conclusion: These results do not support a relationship between selenium supplementation and risk of diabetes. Hence recommendations regarding selenium supplementation based on increased risk of diabetes seem premature. Citation Format: Amit M. Algotar, C H. Hsu, Steven P. Stratton. Does selenium supplementation increase serum glucose levels in men at high risk for prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3615. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3615
Iron Deficiency in Infancy and Childhood
Authors: Jane F. Desforges, Frank A. Oski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia among infants and children in the United States is now relatively low, but iron deficiency remains the leading cause of anemia. Iron deficiency persists despite increased understanding of methods for its prevention, improvements in the means for its detection, and a greater recognition of the fact that anemia is only one manifestation of this systemic disease.The Prevalence of Iron Deficiency in InfancyThe prevalence of iron deficiency varies widely depending on the criteria used to establish the diagnosis. Variables include the age and socioeconomic status of the patients surveyed, the extent of the population's . . .
Spurious Extreme Reticulocytosis with an Automated Reticulocyte Analyzer
Authors: France M. Laurencet, Thelmo Martinez, Photis Beris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

To the Editor: Automated reticulocyte analysis is based on flow-cytometric techniques and the Sysmex R series of instruments for quantification of erythrocyte fluorescence. These machines have greatly simplified and accelerated reticulocyte counts, improved the precision of reticulocyte analysis, and allowed semiquantitative assessment of reticulocyte RNA levels. The instrument aspirates whole blood, automatically mixes the sample with the auramine O reagent, which stains nucleic acid, has a precisely controlled incubation time and temperature, and analyzes up to 32,000 red cells. It simultaneously performs a red-cell count, thus providing a directly measured reticulocyte percentage and absolute count. In addition, the device calculates . . .