tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Practical Advances in Stool Screening for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jonathan Potack, Steven H. Itzkowitz
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2010)

The rationale for screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) is well established, and several tests are currently recommended. Colonoscopy has become a popular modality in most of the United States and other countries. Despite colonoscopy being highly accurate and therapeutic, many patients prefer a noninvasive screening test. Testing stool for occult blood by the chemical guaiac reagent (gFOBT) has been available for decades and is effective at reducing mortality from CRC. However, because of limitations in sensitivity and specificity, newer fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) were developed that detect occult blood using enzyme immunoassays. Because of their improved sensitivity and specificity, FITs have replaced gFOBT for screening in many settings. Detecting neoplasia-associated genetic changes in stool has also become feasible; first-generation stool DNA tests showed greater sensitivity for CRC, with similar specificity to gFOBT. Improvements to stool DNA tests have made them more sensitive and less complex. As the performance characteristics for FIT and stool DNA tests continue to evolve, stool-based testing for CRC is expected to become a more reliable component in the armamentarium for CRC screening.
Case 8-1969
Authors: Joseph J. Barlow, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Presentation of Case First admission. A forty-three-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for removal of a uterine fibroid.Eighteen months previously there had been the onset of excessive menstrual bleeding, without pain. She had undergone three pregnancies, fourteen, twelve and nine years previously, without complications except for toxemia during the first one.On admission the physical examination was negative except for the finding of an enlarged fibroid uterus. The urine was normal; the hemoglobin was 10 gm per 100 ml, and the white-cell count 11,700. On the second hospital day a total hysterectomy and an appendectomy were performed; . . .
Loneliness is associated with higher risk of stroke and heart disease, study finds
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Loneliness and isolation are associated with a 30% higher risk of having a stroke or developing coronary heart disease, shows a review of available evidence that found a similar effect to that of other recognised risk factors such as anxiety or having a stressful job.1

The negative effect of a lack of social interaction and relationships on morbidity is widely …
The Nature and Location of Lower Esophageal Ring
Authors: Raj K. Goyal, James L. Bauer, Howard M. Spiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Anatomic evidence was found for the existence of two different types of rings in the lower esophagus. One hundred specimens of the gastroesophageal area, removed from fresh cadavers, were examined radiographically and anatomically for the presence of ringlike lesions in the lower esophagus. Fourteen such lesions were found in 12 specimens. Nine were mucosal and five muscular in type. The nine mucosal rings were all located at the squamocolumnar junction, at the level of the constrictor cardiae, and in the region of the lower attachment of the phrenoesophageal membrane. The five muscular rings were located proximal to the site of the mucosal ring, in the region of the upper attachment of the phrenoesophageal membrane, were covered by squamous epithelium, and corresponded to the inferior esophageal sphincter.
Commentary: Patient's perspective
Authors: Sally Reynolds, Nicola Harker
Journal: BMJ (2004)

At first I just felt so unwell that I would have taken anything. I was really disappointed that prochlorperazine hadn't worked; I felt so tired and unwell. I was really happy to do this trial because someone was taking an interest in my symptoms. I felt that I was being given a treatment and being monitored just to see if it helped me, rather than just being given the routine treatment that might not work. I found the daily questionnaire really helped because I could see if my symptoms were getting better or worse. Before that it just felt all the same.

It was nice that I chose which symptoms were the most important to measure. This was a difficult pregnancy for me, and I was finding it difficult to cope with feeling ill and looking after my daughter. Even though the medication didn't work in the end, I don't regret doing the trial. It was helpful that someone took an interest in how I was feeling.
Antibiotic Irrigation and Catheter-Associated Urinary-Tract Infections
Authors: John W. Warren, Richard Platt, Robert J. Thomas, Bernard Rosner, Edward H. Kass
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

To investigate the efficacy of antibiotic irrigation in preventing catheter-associated urinarytract infection, we carried out a randomized controlled trial of a neomycin-polymyxin irrigant administered through closed urinary catheters. Eighteen of 98 (18 per cent) of the patients not given irrigation became infected, as compared with 14 of 89 (16 per cent) of those given irrigation, yielding a mean daily incidence of 5 per cent in each group. The distribution of organisms and their antibiotic sensitivities differed in the two groups, the organisms from the patients with irrigation being more resistant. Disconnections of the catheter junctions were associated with high rates of infection. The rate of disconnections of the junctions in the group given irrigation was almost twice that of the control group because of the presence of the extra junction on overall infection rate represents the result of two opposing phenomena: the increased entry of organisms and the suppression of a portion of them.
Abdominal Pain in Hemochromatosis
Authors: Gerard Desforges
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

AMONG the various manifestations of hemochromatosis are sometimes found certain symptomatic and objective features that simulate acute abdominal conditions. Writers in the medical literature in the United States have given scant notice to the finding of abdominal pain in this disease. Boland and Curran1 presented one of the few reports of such abdominal symptomatology in hemochromatosis occurring in two brothers. The first entered the hospital with signs and symptoms suggesting cholecystitis. Cholecystectomy was performed, and on pathological examination the gall bladder was found to be normal. However, observation of a brown, cirrhotic liver at operation led to skin biopsy, and . . .
Role of Hemolysis in Anemia Secondary to Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Certain Malignant Lymphomas
Authors: John Gordon Freymann, Suzanne B. Burrell, Elizabeth A. Marler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

CHRONIC lymphocytic leukemia and malignant lymphomas of the lymphocytic and follicular types may be relatively prolonged, benign diseases. They are inevitably fatal, however, and the final years are frequently complicated by an intractable anemia. This is, in our experience, the most distressing symptom and the most common cause of morbidity. If the anemia can be controlled, many patients are able to live relatively asymptomatic and productive lives up to the very terminal stages of their disease. A better understanding of the mechanism of this anemia is essential to rational therapy.In the older literature, it was commonly stated that the . . .
SP0064 Return-to-Work Coaching Services for People With a Chronic Disease by Professionals With a Chronic Disease: Certification of Experts-Experience
Authors: R. Janssen, T. van Hout, S. Detaille
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Issue/Problem</h3> The Centre Chronically Ill and Work (CCZW), is a knowledge centre that focuses on living and working with a chronic disease or disorder, and has been set up and is run by people suffering from a chronic illness, The main activity of the Centre is the “Certification of experts-by-experience: Work and Participation” (<i>Certificering ervaringsdeskundigen Werk en Participatie)</i>, for which the Centre works closely together with seven national patient organisations. The certification of experts by experience is financed by the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports. The project is built around the philosophy that certain coaching and training skills are not (only) generated by knowledge but also by personal experiences. People with a chronic illness are being trained to make use of their own personal experiences (linked to their disease) in order to help others who are going through similar processes. The Centre works solely with professionals who have a degree in (patient) counselling or are trained in coaching. Moreover, all coaches receive a certificate at the end of their training, which is accredited by Top Kairos, a Dutch training institute. This further ensures the professional quality of the services offered. <h3>Results</h3> Coaches have to complete a professional training programme within six to nine months including a three-day training in self-management skills offered by the HAN University of Applied Sciences. On average, it takes around 60-80 hours to complete the full programme. At the end of the training programme, the coaches will receive a certificate, which allows them to have their “soft skills” recognised in a professional manner. Twenty-five people have so far successfully completed the “experts-by-experience” training and coaches were trained. The Centre received in October 2013 the certificate “model of good practice” in promoting healthy work for people with a chronic illness, of the European Network Workplace Health Promotion (ENWHP). Lessons: The concept of providing support to people with a chronic illness by people who are suffering from a chronic condition as well has been received very positively. The coaches are able to empathise and provide personal and targeted advice and support. A close cooperation and active involvement of the patient organisations often results in a widespread promotion of the services that can be offered by the coaches, as the patient organisations fully understand and recognise the importance of the role that these experts-by-experience can play for chronic patients. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Familial Mediterranean Fever — Amyloidosis and the Val726Ala Mutation
Authors: Fatoş Yalçinkaya, Nejat Akar, Müge Misirlioğlu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

To the Editor: Familial Mediterranean fever is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by acute attacks of fever and inflammation of serous tissues. The disease affects certain ethnic groups,...
Bullous Variant of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Chandrakumar Balaratnasingam, K. Bailey Freund, Anna M. Tan, Sarah Mrejen, Alex P. Hunyor, David J. Keegan, Kunal K. Dansingani, Pouya N. Dayani, Irene A. Barbazetto, David Sarraf, Lee M. Jampol, Lawrence A. Yannuzzi
Journal: Ophthalmology (2016)
Histoplasmosis Contracted in Britain
Authors: W. St. C. Symmers
Journal: BMJ (1956)

An increasing interest in mycotic diseases has been clearly evident in Britain during the past five years.A change of emphasis is occurring towards investigative studies of the kind which have long been established in the study of bacterial infections.The taxonomy of the pathogenic fungi is now sufficiently well adapted for accurate comparative studies, and pathologists are there- fore no longer discouraged by a subject confused by synonymy.Critical laboratory op nion is now forthcoming for the support of clinicians in their widening appreciation of the diseases due to fungi.Trichophyton rubrum infections of the skin and Aspergillus fluimigatus infections of the lungs present difficult problems and are being recognized with greater frequency than in the past.The more unusual forms of torulosis have received study, and the subcutaneous and systemic mycotic diseases require consideration more often now that world travel is easier.
Quality of life of postmenopausal women with invasive breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant hormone therapy: Sub-analysis from Celecoxib Anti-Aromatase Neoadjuvant (CAAN) trial
Authors: L. W. Chow, A. Y. Yip, M. Toi, C. C. Yiu, C. Lam
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

20640 Background: Quality-of-life (QoL) assessments, albeit important for consideration in the long-term use of therapy, are seldom performed in studies of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) for breast cancer. In this sub-study of CAAN trial, changes in QoL during NHT were analyzed and presented here. Methods: Of the 82 postmenopausal patients with invasive hormone-sensitive breast cancers randomized to receiving exemestane 25 mg daily and celecoxib 400 mg twice daily (group A, n = 30), exemestane 25 mg daily (group B, n = 24) and letrozole 2.5 mg daily (group C, n = 28), 34 out of 79 evaluable patients completed Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy core questionnaire (FACT-G) with its additional breast cancer subscale at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after NHT. Other incomplete questionnaires were also included for cross-sectional analysis. Results: FACT-G scores and FACT-B scores (sum of FACT-G scores and breast cancer subscale scores) did not show statistical significance among groups, but breast cancer subscale scores of group A patients were significantly higher than that of group C patients 12 weeks after treatment (p = 0.021). Some of FACT-G subscales including social well-being (SWB) and emotional well-being (EWB) also showed statistical significance at particular time points. SWB scores of group A patients were significantly higher than that of group C patients 4 weeks after treatment (p = 0.05), but not observed among groups and at other treatment time points. EWB scores however showed significant difference among groups 12 weeks after treatment (p = 0.032). Group C patients had the highest EWB scores whereas group B patients had the lowest. Negative changes of FACT-B and FACT-G scores were observed in group B and C patients, but positive changes in group A patients after 4 weeks of treatment. Significant difference of FACT-B score (p = 0.008) and FACT-G score (p = 0.019) were observed at that time point. Conclusions: The sub-study suggested that patients receiving combination of steroidal aromatase inhibitor and cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor before surgery might have better QoL in general. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Long-term follow-up of patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for large extremity soft tissue sarcomas.
Authors: J. T. Mullen, W. Kobayashi, D. C. Harmon, E. Choy, F. Hornicek, M. C. Gebhardt, D. S. Springfield, A. E. Rosenberg, I. J. Spiro, T. F. DeLaney
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

10022 Background: Patients with large, high-grade, extremity soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are at significant risk for distant recurrence and death. A regimen of preoperative chemotherapy consisting of mesna, adriamycin, ifosfamide, and dacarbazine (MAID), interdigitated with radiotherapy (XRT) and followed by resection and postoperative chemotherapy with or without XRT, has demonstrated high rates of local and distant control. We report the long-term follow-up data on 48 patients treated with this regimen compared to an historical matched control patient population. This is the pilot study on which the RTOG based a multi-institutional study. Methods: Adult patients with high-grade extremity STS ≥ 8 cmwere treated with three cycles of preoperative chemotherapy combined with 44 Gray of XRT followed by surgery. Three cycles of postoperative MAID were planned. For patients with positive surgical margins, 16 Gray of XRT was delivered postoperatively. Results: Patients received the MAID/XRT regimen from 1989 through 1999. Forty (83%) patients received all 6 cycles of planned chemotherapy, and 41 (85%) patients had R0 resections. Of the control patients, all 48 received XRT (39 preoperatively), but only 12 (25%) patients received chemotherapy of some kind, and 39 (81%) patients had R0 resections. After a median follow-up of 90.5 months (range 10–208 months) for the MAID group and 73 months (range 1–257 months) for the control group, the 10-year disease-specific and overall survival rates were 84% and 46% (p = 0.0008) and 69% and 37% (p = 0.0016) for the MAID and control patients, respectively. One MAID patient developed a fatal myelodysplasia at 53 months. Conclusions: For patients with high-risk, extremity STS, the significant clinical benefits conferred by an intense regimen of chemoradiotherapy and surgeryare sustained even with long-term follow-up beyond 10 years. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Long-Term Follow-Up Of Invasive Aspergillosis In Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients and Leukemia Patients: Differences In Risk Factors and Outcoumes
Authors: Sarah Bonnet, Remy Dulery, Khalid Regany, Serge Alfandari, Malek Bouketouche, Zoé Van de Wyngaert, Benjamin Carpentier, Jordan Gauthier, Leonardo Magro, Céline Berthon, Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha
Journal: Blood (2013)
Case 6-2010
Authors: Thomas R Flynn, George J Hunter, Matthew M Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 37-year-old man was seen in the oral and maxillofacial surgery clinic because of a painful lesion on the tongue. On examination, there was a tender, irregular, shallow ulcer on the left ventral surface of the tongue and a mobile, smooth, tender lymph node in the left anterior cervical chain. Scattered areas of erythema and blisters were present on the lower legs.
Case 27-2003
Authors: Carlos F. Fernández-del Castillo, Dushyant V. Sahani, Gregory Y. Lauwers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Presentation of CaseA 36-year-old man was referred to the hospital because of recurrent epigastric pain and persistently elevated amylase levels.The patient had been well until five months earlier, when he began to have epigastric pain. At that time, the amylase level was 349 U per liter (normal, 25 to 115). The white-cell count and the results of tests of liver function were normal. The bouts of epigastric pain continued, and the amylase level did not return to normal. Radiographs of the abdomen showed no evidence of bowel obstruction or perforation. An abdominal ultrasonographic study revealed no gallstones. Computed . . .
Clinical Pathophysiological Investigation for the Effect of Various Coronary Vasodilators on Myocardial Carbohydrate Metabolism (I) Myocardial Carbohydrate Metabolism of Various Diseases in a Resting State (II) The Effect of Various Coronary Vasodilators on Myocardial Carbohydrate Metabolism in Various Diseases
Authors: Norio Goto
Journal: Circulation (1972)

It has been clarified, in our department, by use of coronary catheterization, that coronary insuf-ficiency is essentially concerned with myocardial metabolism, and that various coronary vasodilators can not increase coronary blood flow in sclerotic coronary heart diseases so well as in healthy persons. Moreover in cases of myocardial infarction the coronary blood flow is reduced and myocardial oxygen consumption was decreased. In this paper, peculiarities of carbohydrate nary metabolism in ischemic heart diseases and the influence of coronary vasodilators upon it were investigated, to find the clinicopathopharmacological principle of therapy for coronary insufficiency by coronary vasodilators. Methods:The blood from femoral artery and from coronary sinus taken with coronary sinus cathet-erization were analyzed as follows. Blood glucose was determined by the method of Somogyi or glucose oxydase, lactate by hydroxydiphenyl method after Barker and Summerson and pyruvate by dinitrophenylhydrazine method after Friedemann and Haugen. Coronary blood flow was measured by the nitrous oxide method and myocardial oxygen consumption by the Van Slyke Neill method. Resting myocardial carbohydrate metabolism were measured in 89 cases, namely, 16 controls (5 normal, 6 slight pulmonary tuberculosis and 5 with no evidence of sickness in the main organs), 20 noncoronary heart diseases (chiefly various valvular diseases), 10 hypertension (with or without coronary insufficiency), 26 coronary diseases (old myocardial infarct and coronary insufficiency without hypertension) and 17 hepatic myocardosis (chiefly liver cirrhosis). In 45 of these cases, the myocardial carbohydrate metabolism after administration of various coronary vasodilators were measured also. Coronary vasodilators examined were Dipyridamole, Carbochromene, PF-26, Iproveratril, Xanthine derivatives, Benziodarone and Isosorbide dinitrate. Results: A) Myocardial carbohydrate metabolism in the resting state (Table I) 1) Glucose The myocardial extraction, the extraction ratio and the usage of glucose in noncoronary heart diseases were higher significantly than in other groups. Those in hypertension showed a low tendency. 2) Lactate The myocardial extraction, extraction ratio and usage of lactate in hypertension showed a lower tendency compared with other groups. 3) Pyruvate The same tendency seen in lactate was observed also in pyruvate of hypertension group.
Loss of Stat3 Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Tumor Relates Poor Prognosis in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Shuichi Mitsunaga, Masafumi Ikeda, Izumi Ohno, Satoshi Shimizu, Hideaki Takahashi, Hiroyuki Okuyama, Akiko Kuwahara, Atsushi Ochiai
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
TMOD-04NOVEL ORTHOTOPIC XENOGRAFT MOUSE MODELS OF TWO PEDIATRIC METASTATIC INTRACRANIAL GERMINOMAS: MODEL DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: Holly Lindsay, Yuchen Du, Frank Braun, Mari Kogiso, Lin Qi, Huiyuan Zhang, Sibo Zhao, Wan Yee Tao, Yulun Huang, Hua Mao, Frank Lin, Patricia Baxter, Jack Su, Keita Terashima, Laszlo Perlaky, Murali Chintagumpala, Adekunle Adesina, Ching Lau, D. Will Parsons, Xiao-Nan Li
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

INTRODUCTION: Despite comprising up to 10% of pediatric CNS tumors, an animal model of intracranial germinoma has not been previously established. Standard of care for germinoma is radiation therapy, with recent evidence that neo-adjuvant chemotherapy may allow reduction of radiation dose, but concern for neuro-cognitive toxicity remains despite the reduction of radiation. A clinically relevant animal model of germinoma would facilitate investigation and discovery of novel agents which may obviate the need for radiation in the future. METHODS: To develop xenograft mouse models, we implanted germinoma tumor cells from two children with metastatic disease, one from a surgical specimen of a cervical metastatic tumor and the second from disseminated tumor cells in the CSF, directly into the right cerebral hemispheres of NOD-SCID mice. RESULTS: The germinoma tumors have been serially passaged in xenografts 5 times, with each passaged tumor maintaining the ability to generate tumors, suggestive of the persistence of viable tumorigenic/tumor stem cells. Both patient tumor samples have whole exome sequencing; one of the two models has a germinoma-associated mutation in kit. This mutation was confirmed by pyrosequencing and was maintained in all 5 xenograft tumor passages. In the kit wildtype model, kit was over-expressed as documented by IHC staining. Histopathologic staining demonstrated that both models maintain similarity with the original patient tumors. Cultured cells were grown as a monolayer from one model, and a cell line was established. CONCLUSIONS: Our orthotopic xenograft murine models of two metastatic pediatric germinomas are the first to be established for this tumor type. These models will allow much needed pre-clinical drug testing of chemotherapeutics and combination therapies as well as further biologic characterization of pediatric germinomas.