tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
S111 Understanding reasons for patient attendance and non-attendance in pulmonary rehabilitation and COPD self-management programmes. A qualitative synthesis and application of theory
Authors: R Sohanpal, EA Steed, SJC Taylor
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Reviews have suggested that demographic and clinical factors are insufficient to understand poor attendance at interventions that promote self-management. An adapted version of the Attitude-Social Influence-Self-efficacy (ASE) health behaviour model has been used previously to explain participation in asthma self-management (Lemaigre, 2005). In this model, <i>‘attitude’</i> refers to the sum of positive and negative beliefs and evaluation of the behaviour; <i>‘social influence’</i> refers to the perceived social pressure an individual may feel to perform a particular behaviour; and <i>‘external barriers’</i> are structural or physical barriers. A systematic review of qualitative studies looking at factors influencing attendance, non-attendance and non-completion in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) and self-management (SM) programmes amongst patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was conducted, and we examined if the adapted ASE model might explain participation behaviour. <h3>Methods</h3> We searched eight electronic databases including MEDLINE (1984–2011). Thematic framework synthesis identified emergent themes and sub-themes which were then mapped, where applicable, onto each construct of the adapted ASE model. <h3>Results</h3> Six studies were identified, PR (n=5), SM (n=1). Three main themes, ‘reasons for attending’, ‘reasons for not attending’ and ‘reasons for dropping out’ and 33 sub-themes (including psychological, social themes and practical barriers) emerged following data synthesis. Participants’ reasons for attending mainly related to improving health or increasing sense of control, whilst reasons for not attending were commonly structural barriers perceived as difficult to overcome. Advice from health care professionals on whether the programme may or may not be beneficial was influential on attendance. Drop out was commonly explained by not seeing improvement in health. Overall the subthemes identified under ‘reasons for attending’ and ‘reasons for dropping out’ commonly mapped onto the <i>‘attitude’</i> construct of the adapted ASE model (see Figure) whilst subthemes identified under ‘reasons for not attending’ more commonly mapped onto the <i>‘external barriers’</i> construct. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patients attitudes and structural barriers are important in explaining participation behaviour in PR and SM interventions and hence theory based interventions directed at these have potential to improve COPD outcomes.
TRANSCATHETER VERSUS SURGICAL AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH PRIOR HISTORY OF CHEST RADIATION
Authors: Akhil Parashar, Karan Sud, Karim A. Rehman, Shikhar Agarwal, Eugene Blackstone, Brian Griffin, Milind Desai, Stephanie Mick, Lars Svensson, E. Murat Tuzcu, Samir Kapadia, Amar Krishnaswamy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Abstract 815: Relationship between altered expression levels of MIR21, MIR143, MIR145, and MIR205 and clinicopathologic features of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)
Authors: Hiroshi Makino, Eiji Ucida, Ichiro Akagi, Masao Miyashita, Tsutomu Nomura, Nobutoshi Hagiwara, Osamu Ishibashi, Toshihiro Takizawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background. In spite of the undisputed importance of altered expression patterns of miRNAs in various cancers, there is little information on the clinicopathologic significance of cancer-related miRNAs (i.e., MIR21, MIR143, MIR144, MIR145, and MIR205) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods. We examined the expression levels of the precursor and mature miRNA genes in ESCC using Real-Time PCR. Furthermore, we investigated the relationships between the expression levels of these five miRNAs and the clinicopathologic parameters of ESCC patients. Results. The expression levels of pre-MIR21 and pre-MIR144 were lower in ESCC than in the corresponding normal esophageal epithelium (p &amp;lt; 0.05). The expression levels of mature MIR21 and mature MIR145 were higher in ESCC than those in normal epithelium (p &amp;lt; 0.05). The mature/pre ratio of MIR21 in ESCC was higher than that in normal epithelium (p &amp;lt; 0.05). In the other cancer-related miRNAs, the mature/pre ratio followed a similar tendency to MIR21. Furthermore, altered expression of these miRNAs was related to the clinicopathologic features of ESCC patients. The high expression of mature MIR21 and mature MIR205 was associated with lymph node positivity in ESCC patients (p &amp;lt; 0.05). The high levels of expression of mature MIR143 and mature MIR145 were associated with recurrence of metastasis in ESCC patients (p &amp;lt;0.05). Conclusions. The findings may imply that the processing of pre-miRNAs into mature miRNA is accelerated in ESCC. Analysis of the expression levels of miRNAs should provide useful information for evaluation of the staging, prognosis, and treatment of ESCC patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 815.
OC-045 High Definition White Light Endoscopy and I-Scan for small Colonic Polyp Evaluation : Results of the Hiscope Study: Abstract OC-045 Table 1
Authors: P J Basford, G R Longcroft-Wheaton, B Higgins, P Bhandari
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Standard definition white light endoscopy is inadequate for in-vivo characterisation of small colonic polyps. The ASGE has identified prediction of polyp surveillance intervals and negative predictive value for adenomatous histology of diminutive recto-sigmoid polyps as key targets for new technologies. High definition white light endoscopy is now available but there is little data on it’s use. <h3>Methods</h3> We aimed to examine the in-vivo characterisation accuracy of high definition white light endoscopy (HDWL) plus a novel electronic imaging modality – i-Scan (Pentax, Japan). Patients undergoing colonoscopy through the UK Bowel Cancer Screening Programme were prospectively recruited. All colonoscopies were performed by a single expert endoscopist with extensive experience in in-vivo diagnosis. Procedures were performed with Pentax EC-3890Li 1.2 Megapixel HD+ colonoscopes and EPKi processor. An initial classification &amp; validation exercise was carried out to determine the optimum i-Scan settings for in-vivo diagnosis, and to develop a novel in-vivo diagnosis assessment tool. All polyps &lt; 10mm in size were assessed sequentially with HDWL and i-Scan. Optical magnification was not used. Predicted histology (non-neoplastic, adenoma, cancer) was recorded for both modalities and compared to the final histopathological diagnosis as reported by an expert gastrointestinal pathologist. Predictions were rated as high or low confidence assessments. Results were analysed for sensitivity and specificity for neoplasia, overall accuracy, and negative predictive value for rectosigmoid polyps ≤5 mm as recommended by the ASGE PIVI statement. <h3>Results</h3> 84 patients were recruited, in whom 209 polyps &lt; 10 mm were included. Mean polyp diameter was 4.3mm, median 4mm. 134 polyps were neoplastic and 75 non-neoplastic. There were no significant differences in sensitivity (95.5% vs 97.0%) and specificity (89.3% vs 90.7%) for neoplasia and overall diagnostic accuracy (93.3% vs 94.7%) between HDWL and i-Scan. Negative predictive value for adenomatous histology of rectosigmoid polyps ≤5 mm was 100% with both modalities. Polyp surveillance intervals using in-vivo assessment of diminutive polyps were correct in 95% and 97% of patients with HDWL and i-Scan respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Excellent in vivo diagnostic accuracy, in excess of 90% can be achieved with HDWL alone. No significant gains in accuracy over HDWL were noted with i-Scan when used with a 1.2Megapixel HD colonoscope Both HDWL and i-Scan fulfil the ASGE criteria for ‘resect and discard’ and ‘do not resect’ strategies for diminutive polyps <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
P1171 INTEGRATED SAFETY ANALYSIS OF SOFOSBUVIR-BASED HCV TREATMENT REGIMENS FROM PHASE 3 STUDIES
Authors: S. Gordon, W. Towner, A. Aggarwal, J. Ma, J. McNally, L. Stamm, D. Brainard, W. Symonds, J. McHutchison, N. Bellos, K. Tashima, N. Afdhal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Abstract P5-12-09: Clinical stage, not race, predicts receipt of sentinel lymph node biopsy in medically-underserved patients
Authors: RL Wiatrek, LS Kao, EK Robinson, AG Rieber, TC Ko, CJ Wray
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has replaced axillary node dissection for staging clinically node negative breast cancer patients. Previously, other investigators have found disparities in the rate of SLNB in African Americans. Therefore, we hypothesized that African Americans and Hispanics are offered SLNB less frequently than Caucasians in a large safety-net hospital. Methods: A retrospective review of female patients who underwent breast cancer surgery from 2002-2011 at a safety-net hospital was completed. Data was collected from the institutional cancer registry and medical record for: age at diagnosis, patient demographics, pathologic and clinical stage at presentation, and receipt of SLNB. Patients with clinically negative nodes (N0) were determined to be appropriate for SLNB. Patients with clinically positive nodes, biopsy proven nodal involvement, or stages IIIC or IV were deemed not appropriate for SLNB. Results: Of 566 patients, the mean age at diagnosis was 53 years (range: 28-79); 46% (n = 269) were Hispanic, 31% African American (n = 174), 17% Caucasian (n = 95) and 5% Asian/Other (n = 28). Based on clinical stage, which was available for 561 patients, 64% were eligible for SLNB. Of those, 95% received appropriate SLNB. Race was not a predictor of eligibility for or receipt of appropriate SLNB. TotalCaucasianAfrican AmericanHispanicOtherp-value %(n = 566)%(n = 95)%(n = 95)%(n = 269)%(n = 28) Clinical Stage 0.70010.4 (59)7.4 (7)10.9 (19)11.2 (30)10.7 (3) 123.5 (133)25.3 (24)24.7 (43)22.7 (61)17.9 (5) 2A28.3 (160)29.5 (28)24.7 (43)11.5 (31)35.7 (10) 2B15.4 (87)18.9 (18)19.0 (33)7.1 (19)17.9 (5) 3A6.0 (34)5.3 (5)5.7 (10)7.8 (21)0 3B7.6 (43)8.4 (8)6.9 (12)7.8 (21)7.1 (2) 3C3.4 (19)1.1 (1)1.7 (3)5.2 (14)3.6 (1) 44.6 (26)3.2 (3)5.7 (10)4.5 (12)3.6 (1) Unknown0.9 (5)1.1 (1)5.7 (10)0.7 (2)3.6 (1) Appropriate for SLNB64.0 (362)67.4 (64)61.5 (107)63.2 (170)75.0 (21)0.48Received appropriate SLNB94.7 (343)93.8 (60)92.5 (99)95.9 (163)100.0 (21)0.28 Conclusions: There was no difference in the rate of SLNB between racial and ethnic minority patients at a large safety-net hospital. The previously reported disparity likely resulted from more advanced presentation of disease rather than lack of appropriate care. Efforts to improve disparities seen in medically underserved patients should be focused on earlier detection and treatment of breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-12-09.
Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Directly Induce B Cell Activation in Humans
Authors: Richard Kasjanski, Atsushi Kato, Julie A. Poposki, Bruce S. Bochner, Yun Cao, James E. Norton, Lydia Suh, Roderick G. Carter, Robert C. Kern, Stephanie S. Smith, David B. Conley, Anju T. Peters, Leslie C. Grammer, Whitney W. Stevens, Kathleen E. Harris, Bruce Tan, Robert P. Schleimer, Kathryn E. Hulse
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
P207 Reporting of asbestos related lung disease to HM Coroner: A retrospective analysis
Authors: C Waterworth, G Hughes, B Srinivasan, BG Marshall
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Asbestos related lung disease consists of a spectrum of disorders, ranging from benign pleural plaques to mesothelioma. In patients with a history of asbestos exposure, radiological imaging can be used to make a diagnosis. Accurate reporting of asbestos related lung disease is of vital importance to national statistics and affected individuals and their families may claim compensation from the government under the industrial injuries disablement benefit scheme. This study set out to examine the adequacy of reporting of asbestos related lung disease to HM coroner in a large teaching hospital. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective case-note analysis was performed for all deaths occurring whilst under the care of respiratory physicians at a large teaching hospital from July 2012 to February 2013. Electronic patient records and radiological imaging for all of these patients was examined for any evidence of pleural plaques, pleural thickening, asbestos-related lung cancer, asbestosis or mesothelioma. A radiologist had reported all radiological imaging. Records were then cross-referenced with information held by the bereavement care office to identify whether these deaths had been referred to the coroner. <h3>Results</h3> 115 patients were identified. Of these, 16 had radiological evidence of asbestos related lung disease; 4 on chest x-ray and 12 on CT. 2 of these patients had biopsy confirmed mesothelioma. Both mesothelioma cases were referred to the coroner and a coroners’ inquest subsequently performed. Only 60% of CT proven asbestos related disease and 30% of patients with CXR changes were referred. Of the cases not referred to the coroner 3 patients had bilateral pleural thickening on CXR and 4 patients had CT proven evidence of widespread pleural thickening. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study demonstrates that whilst reporting of malignant asbestos-related pleural disease to the coroner is adequate, there is room for improvement in the reporting of more benign disease. The authors propose that improved education of junior doctors may increase awareness of the importance of asbestos related lung disease, having far-reaching implications for both national statistics and those affected by these conditions.
Periodic Fever with Renal Amyloidosis
Authors: Maurice Fox, Howard Morrelli
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE characteristic syndrome of periodic fever, as described by Reimann1 in his review of reported cases in 1953, consists of recurrent abdominal pain, fever and leukocytosis of unknown etiology. The apparent restriction of the disease to people of Mediterranean stock, primarily Sephardic Jews, Armenians, Arabs, Turks and Italians, and its familial occurrence were emphasized by Heller et al.2 in their study of 253 cases. Renal involvement in periodic disease was first reported by Mamou and Cattan.3 Later, Tuqan4 described 2 such cases in which diffuse amyloidosis, involving chiefly the kidneys, spleen and adrenal glands, was found at autopsy.This report . . .
The Clinical Aspects of Rheumatic Fever in Adults
Authors: David H. Rosenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

RHEUMATIC fever has been generally regarded as a disease principally affecting children, and its occurrence in adults has as a consequence been more or less ignored. The high incidence of this disease among members of the armed forces has, however, served to focus attention on its importance in older persons, particularly young adults. It is the purpose of this paper to present a composite picture of the clinical aspects of rheumatic fever as observed in a series of 1000 patients studied at a large naval hospital.EtiologyAlthough the etiology of rheumatic fever remains unknown, epidemiologic studies indicate that there . . .
THU0086 Seropositivity and response to RTX: Data from the cererra collaboration:
Authors: K. Chatzidionysiou, E. Lie, E. Nasonov, G. Lukina, M. Hetland, U. Tarp, I. Ancuta, K. Pavelka, D. Nordström, C. Gabay, H. Canhao, M. Tomsic, P. van Riel, J. Gomez-Reino, T. Kvien, R. van Vollenhoven
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Predictors of response to biologic therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are needed to achieve a more individualized therapy. Seropositivity has been associated with better response to rituximab (RTX). <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the 6-month response to the first RTX course in RA according to RF and ACPA status. <h3>Methods</h3> Ten European registries submitted anonymized datasets from RA patients who had started RTX, and datasets were pooled and analysed. Chi-square test for comparison of categorical variables and t-test for continuous data were used. Predictors of response were identified by logistic regression analysis. <h3>Results</h3> 3266 patients were included in the cohort. 79.9% of patients were RF (+) (2041 out of 2553) and 73.2% were ACPA (+) (877 out of 1198). 718 patients were double positive (DP) and 147 double negative (DN). 2200 patients were RF (+) and/or ACPA (+). Improvements of DAS28 (ΔDAS28) at 6 months were significantly better for RF (+) than RF (–) patients as well as for ACPA (+) than ACPA (–), DP vs. DN and RF and/or ACPA (+) vs. DN (table 1). A significantly higher percentage of ACPA (+) and DP patients achieved EULAR Good Response at 6 months compared to ACPA (–) and DN, respectively (table 1). The completeness of data was very similar for seropositive and seronegative patients, with the percentage of missing data at 6 months being approximately 50% in all groups. A significantly higher percentage of seronegative patients received retreatment by 6 months than seropositive patients. In univariate analyses adjusted for age and gender ACPA positivity (OR=2.03, p=0.016) and DP (OR=2.43, p=0.03) but not RF positivity (OR=1.53, p=0.07) predicted EULAR good response to therapy with RTX at 6 months after the first treatment. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this large observational cohort of RA patients treated with RTX, seropositive patients achieved significantly greater reductions in DAS28 at 6 months compared to seronegative patients. Baseline ACPA positivity may be a better predictor for good response to RTX than RF positivity. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
F-18 FDG–Positron Emission Tomographic Scanning and Wegener’s Granulomatosis
Authors: ANDREW D. BEGGS, SHARON F. HAIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

Wegener's granulomatosis is a necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis that mainly affects the upper airways, lungs, and kidneys. Autoimmune mechanisms are hypothesized to play a role in the pathophysiology of the disease. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomographic scanning is normally used to differentiate benign from malignant disease as a result of differences in glucose metabolism. The authors present a case of Wegener's granulomatosis in which F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomographic scanning yielded a false-positive result.
Abstract 4905: Patient-specific pathway analysis using PARADIGM identifies key activities in multiple cancers
Authors: Stephen C. Benz, Charles Vaske, Sam Ng, John Zachary Sanborn, Jing Zhu, David Haussler, Joshua Stuart
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Cancer is a disease of genomic perturbations that lead to dysregulation of multiple pathways within the cellular system. While common pathways are believed to be shared within specific cancer types, the mechanisms of why particular patients respond differently to treatment is not fully understood. Current -omics studies such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Stand Up To Cancer (SU2C) have attempted to address this issue by using large-scale whole-genome measurements of mRNA expression, DNA copy number, and epigenetic features. Typical analysis of these measurements relies on integrating data from multiple samples to distinguish signal from noise. However, few analytical methods allow for sample-specific differences to identify features and pathways that are significant for prognosis and clinical treatment classifications. We developed a pathway inference method called PARADIGM (PAthway Recognition Algorithm using Data Integration on Genomic Models) (Bioinformatics (2010) vol. 26 (12) pp. i237) to identify patient- and sample-specific pathway activities. Previously we have shown that PARADIGM is capable of stratifying patients into clinically relevant subgroups in both TCGA ovarian serous carcinoma and glioblastoma multiforme using gene expression and copy number alteration values. We have since enhanced PARADIGM in multiple ways allowing more in-depth analysis and discovery across multiple cancer types. We have expanded the underlying pathway database previously consisting of NCI's Pathway Interaction Database to include pathways from BioCarta and Reactome, increasing the number of pathways by ten-fold and increasing the total number of features to approximately 22,000. We have refined the central dogma framework underlying all features in each pathway to support a more accurate regulatory model, allowing us to efficiently learn the strength of each interaction. Finally, PARADIGM now supports additional input data sources in the form of methylation and mutational interventions. By adding gene-level mutational information on the new regulatory model we show it is possible to distinguish between gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations in each patient. In addition, through these enhancements we show increased ability to identify key pathway activities that effectively stratify patient cohorts. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4905. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4905
Abstract 4534: Lung cancer epidermal growth factor receptors are transactivated by neurotensin
Authors: Terry W. Moody, Nauramy Osefo, Veronica Sancho, Alessia DiFlorio, Samuel Mantey, Robert T. Jensen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Neurotensin (NT) is an autocrine growth factor for some lung cancer cells (Moody et al., Life Sci 36:1727(1985)). The NTS1 receptor (R), which causes phosphatidylinositol turnover, elevates cytosolic Ca2+ and increases proliferation of lung cancer cells, is blocked by SR48692 (Moody et al., Peptides 22:109 (2001)). Previously we found that NT caused tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells (Leyton et al., Eur. J. Pharm. 442:179 (2002)). Here the ability of NT to cause tyrosine phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)R in lung cancer cells was investigated. NT and NT8-13 but not NT1-8 caused tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGFR using NCI-H1299 or H345 cells. The transactivation of the EGFR caused by NT addition to lung cancer cells was inhibited by SR48692 (NTS1R antagonist) or gefitinib (EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor). NT significantly increased EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation (4-fold) after 0.5 min in a dose-dependent manner. The ability of NT to increase EGFR or ERK tyrosine phosphorylation was inhibited by PP2 (Src inhibitor), GM6001 (matrix metalloprotease inhibitor), or antibody to transforming growth factor (TGF) α. By ELISA, NT stimulated significantly the release of TGFα from NCI-H838 cells. NT stimulation of EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation was inhibited by addition of N-acetylcysteine (anti-oxidant), tiron (superoxide scavenger), DPI (NADPH oxidase inhibitor). These results indicate that NT causes transactivation of lung cancer EGFR in an oxygen-dependent, Src-dependent manner resulting in activation of matrix metalloprotease and release of TGFα. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4534. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4534