tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Overuse of Medical Imaging and Its Radiation Exposure
Authors: Alan R. Schroeder, James R. Duncan
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Replication of the RNA Genome of Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) by RNA POL II Identifies a New Cellular Target to Block HDV Replication
Authors: N.A. Samarakoon, S. Violot, D. Alfaiate, S. Müller-Knapp, P. Merle, C. Sureau, J.-C. Cortay, P. Dény
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
Overexpression of Functional SLC6A3 in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jennifer Hansson, David Lindgren, Helén Nilsson, Elinn Johansson, Martin Johansson, Lena Gustavsson, Håkan Axelson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Purpose: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is derived from a tissue with a remarkable capacity for vectorial transport. We therefore performed an unbiased exploration of transporter proteins in normal kidney and kidney cancer to discover novel clinical targets.Experimental Design: Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we investigated differences in membrane transporter expression in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and normal kidney. We identified the dopamine transporter SLC6A3 as a specific biomarker for ccRCC. To investigate the functionality of SLC6A3, we used a [3H]-dopamine uptake assay on ccRCC cells. We further explored the effect of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) proteins on SLC6A3 expression by introducing siRNA in ccRCC cells and by hypoxic treatment of nonmalignant cells.Results: We show that ccRCC expresses very high transcript levels of SLC6A3 in contrast to normal kidney tissue and other tumor types, which do not express appreciable levels of this transporter. Importantly, we demonstrate that the elevated expression of SLC6A3 in ccRCC cells is associated with specific uptake of dopamine. By targeting the expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α, we could show that SLC6A3 expression is primarily influenced by HIF-2α and that hypoxia can induce SLC6A3 expression in normal renal cells.Conclusions: We conclude that the dopamine transporter SLC6A3 constitutes a novel biomarker that is highly specific for ccRCC. We further postulate that the protein can be exploited for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes for detection or treatment of ccRCC. Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 2105-15. ©2016 AACR.
Prognostic Factors for Relapsed Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): A Report from Tokyo Children’s Cancer Study Group (TCCSG) Study L95-14 and L-99-15.
Authors: Chitose Ogawa, Akira Ohara, Atsushi Manabe, Katsuyoshi Koh, Takashi Kaneko, Hiroaki Goto, Setsuo Ota, Ryoji Hanada, Masahiro Tsuchida
Journal: Blood (2006)
An independently validated nomogram for individualized estimation of survival among patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: NRG Oncology RTOG 0525 and 0825
Authors: Haley Gittleman, Daniel Lim, Michael W. Kattan, Arnab Chakravarti, Mark R. Gilbert, Andrew B. Lassman, Simon S. Lo, Mitchell Machtay, Andrew E. Sloan, Erik P Sulman, Devin Tian, Michael A. Vogelbaum, Tony J. C. Wang, Marta Penas-Prado, Emad Youssef, Deborah T. Blumenthal, Peixin Zhang, Minesh P. Mehta, Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Nomograms are often used for individualized estimation of prognosis. This study aimed to build and independently validate a nomogram to estimate individualized survival probabilities for patients with newly diagnosed GBM, using data from 2 independent NRG Oncology Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) clinical trials.This analysis included information on 799 (RTOG 0525) and 555 (RTOG 0825) eligible and randomized patients with newly diagnosed GBM and contained the following variables: age at diagnosis, race, gender, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), extent of resection, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation status, and survival (in months). Survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression, random survival forests, and recursive partitioning analysis, with adjustment for known prognostic factors. The models were developed using the 0525 data and were independently validated using the 0825 data. Models were internally validated using 10-fold cross-validation, and individually predicted 6-, 12-, and 24-month survival probabilities were generated to measure the predictive accuracy and calibration against the actual survival status.A final nomogram was built using the Cox proportional hazards model. Factors that increased the probability of shorter survival included greater age at diagnosis, male gender, lower KPS, not having total resection, and unmethylated MGMT status.A nomogram that assesses individualized survival probabilities (6-, 12-, and 24-mo) for patients with newly diagnosed GBM could be useful to health care providers for counseling patients regarding treatment decisions and optimizing therapeutic approaches. Free software for implementing this nomogram is provided: http://cancer4.case.edu/rCalculator/rCalculator.html.
A missing link in the bench-to-bedside paradigm: engaging regulatory stakeholders in clinical genomics research
Authors: Julianne M. O’Daniel, Jonathan S. Berg
Journal: Genome Medicine (2016)

For genomic medicine research to be fully translated into clinical care, it is critical for researchers to engage stakeholders who ultimately regulate the use of genomic technologies and therapeutics within healthcare practice. Herein, we describe an example of how this might work.
Gamma-Rhythmic Gain Modulation
Authors: Jianguang Ni, Thomas Wunderle, Christopher Murphy Lewis, Robert Desimone, Ilka Diester, Pascal Fries
Journal: Neuron (2016)

Cognition requires the dynamic modulation of effective connectivity, i.e., the modulation of the postsynaptic neuronal response to a given input. If postsynaptic neurons are rhythmically active, this might entail rhythmic gain modulation, such that inputs synchronized to phases of high gain benefit from enhanced effective connectivity. We show that visually induced gamma-band activity in awake macaque area V4 rhythmically modulates responses to unpredictable stimulus events. This modulation exceeded a simple additive superposition of a constant response onto ongoing gamma-rhythmic firing, demonstrating the modulation of multiplicative gain. Gamma phases leading to strongest neuronal responses also led to shortest behavioral reaction times, suggesting functional relevance of the effect. Furthermore, we find that constant optogenetic stimulation of anesthetized cat area 21a produces gamma-band activity entailing a similar gain modulation. As the gamma rhythm in area 21a did not spread backward to area 17, this suggests that postsynaptic gamma is sufficient for gain modulation.
Predicted benefit of alternative post-treatment surveillance strategies in stage II and III colon cancer survivors.
Authors: Johnie Rose, Laura Homa, Chung Yin Kong, Gregory S. Cooper, Michael W. Kattan, Neal J. Meropol
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

3623 Background: Early diagnosis of recurrence may provide the opportunity for cure among colon cancer survivors. Randomized studies comparing post-treatment surveillance strategies suggest that patients receiving more frequent testing are more likely to undergo curative treatment upon recurrence. However, uncertainty about the cancer-specific mortality benefit of intensive surveillance has led to variation in surveillance recommendations across professional societies. We developed a simulation model to predict outcomes for different surveillance strategies within a hypothetical population of survivors. Methods: The Colorectal Cancer Surveillance and Recurrence (CRCSuRe) model generates natural history events in a simulated population of colon cancer survivors based on patient-level data from the Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy (COST) Trial [NEJM.2004;350(20):2050-59]. Individuals are at time-varying risks for progression to recurrence, recurrence symptoms, metastatic recurrence, and death. Any schedule of follow-up testing using carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), computed tomography (CT), and colonoscopy can be simulated in a population with defined age and stage distribution. We used CRCSuRe to compare three distinct surveillance regimens—all of which complied with one or more published guidelines—and no surveillance in a population with mean age of 65 years and equal proportions of stage II and III disease. Results: Predicted clinical outcomes are shown in the table. Conclusions: Increased intensity of surveillance is associated with more frequent detection of resectable recurrences and improved survival. However, modest predicted survival differences suggest that risk-adjusted surveillance strategies are needed to improve patient outcomes. High Intensity Medium Intensity Low Intensity None Surveillance* CEA q3 x 2 yrs; then q6 x 3 yrs q6 x 5 yrs -- -- CT chest/abdomen/pelvis q12 q12 At 24 -- Colonoscopy At 12 and 48 At 12 At 60 -- Outcomes Resectable recurrences 42.1% 38.0% 25.8% 23.7% Detected by symptoms 13.1% 20.6% 65.2% 100.0% 5-year relative survival of patients who recur 19.1% 18.0% 14.7 % 13.8% * In months if not stated; yrs = years.
Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators Modulate Hypoxia-Induced and Lipotoxic ER Stress in Primary Hepatocytes
Authors: B. Rius, E. Titos, C. López-Vicario, A. Lopategi, M. Casulleras, J. Alcaraz-Quiles, V. Arroyo, J. Clària
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
Sitagliptin Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: J.Y. Cui, L. Philo, P. Nguyen, H. Hofflich, C. Hernandez, R. Bettencourt, L. Richards, J. Salotti, A. Bhatt, J. Hooker, W. Haufe, C. Hooker, D.A. Brenner, C.B. Sirlin, R. Loomba
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
The Risk of Venous and Arterial Thrombosis in Hyperhomocysteinemic Subjects Is Caused by Elevated Factor VIII:C Levels.
Authors: Willem M. Lijfering, Nic J.G.M. Veeger, Jan-Leendert P. Brouwer, Marlene H.W. van de Poel, Jan van der Meer
Journal: Blood (2006)
Intergroup competition may not be needed for shaping group cooperation and cultural group selection
Authors: Carsten K W De Dreu, Daniel Balliet
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2016)

Abstract Because intergroup interactions often are mixed-motive rather than strictly zero-sum, groups often negotiate settlements that enable both cultures to thrive. Moreover, group prosperity rests on in-group love (rather than out-group hate) that emerges also absent intergroup competition or comparison. It follows that cultural group selection (CGS) reflects group effectiveness in organizing in-group trust and cooperation, rather than winning (in)direct intergroup competitions.
Impact of second hand smoke (SHS) exposure on the likelihood of mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had never smoked
Authors: Y. Lee, B. Cho, H. Choi, J. Sohn, S. Kang, S. Kim, S. Bae, H. Ryoo, J. Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

7633 Background: The presence of EGFR mutations in NSCLC has strongly associated with never-smoking history. SHS exposure is associated with higher risk of lung cancer. We have conducted this study to evaluate the association between SHS exposure and likelihood of mutations in EGFR gene in NSCLC patients who had never smoked. Methods: SHS exposure information from a total of 93 never smokers (&lt;100 lifetime cigarettes) with newly diagnosed primary NSCLC was obtained using a standardized questionnaire. Patients were asked whether they were regularly exposed to SHS at home or work places, respectively. Nucleotide sequencing of the kinase domain of EGFR (exons 18 to 21) was performed using nested PCR amplification of individual exons. Results: Patient characteristics (n=93) included median age 57 years; female (n= 81); adenocarcinoma ± bronchoalveolar carcinoma (n= 82); EGFR mutation (1 mutation in exon 18 G719, 31 in-frame deletions in exon 19, 10 mutations in codon 858 in exon 21). Fifty-two (55.9%) of the patients reported having been exposed to SHS, including 46 (49.5%) exposed at home and 13 (14.0%) exposed at work. The incidence of EGFR mutations was not associated with female gender and adenocarcinoma histology. Patients with SHS exposure showed a trend towards lower incidence of EGFR mutations (36.5% vs. 56.1%, P= 0.060) and a significantly lower incidence of deletion mutations in exon 19 (57.9% vs. 87.0%, P= 0.033). When the incidence of EGFR mutations was compared, no difference between SHS exposure at home and work places was found. No significant differences were found for other clinicopathological factors according to SHS exposure. Conclusions: Our results indicate weak evidence of relationship between likelihood of mutation in EGFR gene and SHS exposure. The deletion mutations in exon 19 were significantly less common in patients with SHS exposure. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Extrahepatic Cancer is the Second Cause of Non Liver-Related Death in Patients with Compensated Viral Cirrhosis and is Associated with Viral Replication (ANRS CO12 CirVir Prospective Cohort)
Authors: M. Allaire, V. Bourcier, R. Layese, L. Corvi, V. Petrov-Sanchez, P. Marcellin, D. Guyader, D. Larrey, V. De Lédinghen, D. Ouzan, F. Zoulim, D. Roulot, A. Tran, J.-P. Bronowicki, J.-P. Zarski, G. Riachi, P. Calès, J.-M. Péron, L. Alric, M. Bourlière, P. Mathurin, P. Nahon, F. Roudot-Thoraval
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
Long-acting opioids for chronic noncancer pain were linked to mortality
Authors: Roger Chou
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

ACP Journal Club20 September 2016Long-acting opioids for chronic noncancer pain were linked to mortalityRoger Chou, MDRoger Chou, MDOregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA (R.C.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJC-2016-165-6-034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationRay WA, Chung CP, Murray KT, Hall K, Stein CM. Prescription of long-acting opioids and mortality in patients with chronic noncancer pain. JAMA. 2016;315:2415-23. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27299617Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Emergency Med: References1 Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain–United States, 2016. JAMA. 2016;315:1624-45. [PMID: 26977696] Google Scholar2 Austin PC. An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies. Multivariate Behav Res. 2011;46:399-424. [PMID: 21818162] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA (R.C.)This article was published at Annals.org on 6 September 2016. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byInitial Patterns of Prescription Opioid Supply and Risk of Mortality Among Insured Adults in the United StatesPreface 20 September 2016Volume 165, Issue 6Page: JC34KeywordsAbdominal painAnalgesicsAnticonvulsantsAntidepressantsExercise therapyLower back painMortalityObservational studiesOpioidsRandomized trials ePublished: 20 September 2016 Issue Published: 20 September 2016 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2016 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Analysis of Efficacy of Tenofovir Based-Rescue Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients According to Genotypic Resistant Mutation to Nucleos(t)ide Analogues
Authors: S.H. Kang, J.E. Yeon, Y.S. Lee, T.S. Kim, Y.J. Yoo, S.J. Suh, Y.K. Jung, J.H. Kim, Y.S. Seo, H.J. Yim, K.S. Byun
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
P0560 : Association of single nucleotide polymorphism rs2296651 in SLC10A1 with hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis
Authors: H.-H. Hu, J. Liu, Y.-L. Lin, W.-S. Luo, Y.-J. Chu, C.-L. Chang, C.-L. Jen, M.-H. Lee, S.-N. Lu, L.-Y. Wang, S.-L. You, H.-I. Yang, C.-J. Chen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
O-0023 Phase 3 Correct Trial of Regorafenib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC)
Authors: Alberto Sobrero, Axel Grothey, Eric Van Cutsem, Salvatore Siena, Alfredo Falcone, Marc Ychou, Yves Humblet, Olivier Bouché, Laurent Mineur, Carlo Barone, Antoine Adenis, Josep Tabernero, Takayuki Yoshino, Heinz Joseph Lenz, Richard Goldberg, Daniel Sargent, Frank Cihon, Michael Jeffers, Andrea Wagner, Dirk Laurent
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Inhibition of Autophagy with 3-Methyladenine Synergistically Enhances Cellular Apoptosis Induced by the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor PCI 24781 in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Kevin A Davi, Savita Bhalla, Sheila Prachand, Andrew M Evens, Leo I. Gordon
Journal: Blood (2008)
Falls and Fall Injuries Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years — United States, 2014
Authors: Gwen Bergen, Mark R. Stevens, Elizabeth R. Burns
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

Falls are the leading cause of fatal and nonfatal injuries among adults aged ≥65 years (older adults). During 2014, approximately 27,000 older adults died because of falls; 2.8 million were treated in emergency departments for fall-related injuries, and approximately 800,000 of these patients were subsequently hospitalized.* To estimate the numbers, percentages, and rates of falls and fall injuries among older adults by selected characteristics and state, CDC analyzed data from the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. In 2014, 28.7% of older adults reported falling; the estimated 29.0 million falls resulted in 7.0 million injuries. Known effective strategies for reducing the number of older adult falls include a multifactorial clinical approach (e.g., gait and balance assessment, strength and balance exercises, and medication review). Health care providers can play an important role in fall prevention by screening older adults for fall risk, reviewing and managing medications linked to falls, and recommending vitamin D supplements to improve bone, muscle, and nerve health and reduce the risk for falls.
Secukinumab is superior to ustekinumab in clearing skin of subjects with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis up to 1 year: Results from the CLEAR study
Authors: Andrew Blauvelt, Kristian Reich, Tsen-Fang Tsai, Stephen Tyring, Francisco Vanaclocha, Külli Kingo, Michael Ziv, Andreas Pinter, Ronald Vender, Sophie Hugot, Ruquan You, Marina Milutinovic, Diamant Thaçi
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2016)
36 patients die from unknown causes after transfer from a private mental health facility in South Africa
Authors: Pat Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The health ombudsman in South Africa is investigating the deaths of 36 patients in the Johannesburg area who died after the provincial government cancelled a contract with a private mental health facility.

The patients were among almost 2000 being cared for at a private health facility, run by Life Esidimeni, which had held a contract with the Gauteng provincial government to provide psychiatric care for almost 30 years.

Last year the Gauteng government cancelled the contract and gave assurances …
International variability in 20 m shuttle run performance in children and youth: who are the fittest from a 50-country comparison? A systematic literature review with pooling of aggregate results
Authors: Justin J Lang, Mark S Tremblay, Luc Léger, Tim Olds, Grant R Tomkinson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

Objectives To describe and compare 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT) performance among children and youth across 50 countries; to explore broad socioeconomic indicators that correlate with 20mSRT performance in children and youth across countries and to evaluate the utility of the 20mSRT as an international population health indicator for children and youth. Methods A systematic review was undertaken to identify papers that explicitly reported descriptive 20mSRT (with 1-min stages) data on apparently healthy 9–17 year-olds. Descriptive data were standardised to running speed (km/h) at the last completed stage. Country-specific 20mSRT performance indices were calculated as population-weighted mean z-scores relative to all children of the same age and sex from all countries. Countries were categorised into developed and developing groups based on the Human Development Index, and a correlational analysis was performed to describe the association between country-specific performance indices and broad socioeconomic indicators using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results Performance indices were calculated for 50 countries using collated data on 1 142 026 children and youth aged 9–17 years. The best performing countries were from Africa and Central-Northern Europe. Countries from South America were consistently among the worst performing countries. Country-specific income inequality (Gini index) was a strong negative correlate of the performance index across all 50 countries. Conclusions The pattern of variability in the performance index broadly supports the theory of a physical activity transition and income inequality as the strongest structural determinant of health in children and youth. This simple and cost-effective assessment would be a powerful tool for international population health surveillance.
Hematological Abnormalities in Aged Telomerase RNA Component Deficient Mice Are Associated with Intestinal Epithelial Degeneration and Bone Marrow Stromal Dysfunction
Authors: Jichun Chen, James J. Dent, Marie J. Desierto, Mark A. Bryant, Nolan Sheppard, Xingmin Feng, Neal S. Young
Journal: Blood (2012)