tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Post-Traumatic Aortic Insufficiency Occurring in Marfan's Syndrome, with Attempted Repair with a Plastic Valve
Authors: E. Grey Dimond, William E. Larsen, Warford B. Johnson, C. Frederick Kittle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

ALTHOUGH approximately 300 cases of Marfan's syndrome1 have been reported in the literature it is only recently that the cardiovascular manifestations have been emphasized.2 Since the original description of this disease by Marfan3 in 1896, it has been recognized as a dominant hereditable disorder of connective tissue involving the musculoskeletal, the ocular and the cardiovascular systems (Table 1). Although the exact etiology and pathogenesis are as yet unrecognized, some metabolic derangement of the elastic fibers may be involved. Dissecting aortic aneurysms and other cardiovascular lesions similar to those seen in patients with Marfan's syndrome have been produced experimentally in rats . . .
Abstract 5361: In vitro results and electric fields simulations suggest Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) to be an effective treatment against Mesothelioma
Authors: Moshe Giladi, Mijal Munster, Roni Blat, Rosa Schneiderman, Yaara Porat, Zeev Bomzon, Noa Urman, Tali Voloshin, Eilon David Kirson, Uri Weinberg, Yoram Palti
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer affecting the membrane lining of the lungs and abdomen, and is associated with poor prognosis. Current available treatment options for Mesothelioma, including surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, offer only modest improvement in survival, therefore emphasizing the desperate need for new treatment options. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) is a treatment modality based on non-invasive application of low intensity intermediate frequency alternating electric fields that disrupt mitosis. The goal of the present work was to determine whether TTFields in combination with standard of care drugs, could serve as an effective treatment against Mesothelioma. TTFields were applied to Mesothelioma cell cultures using the inovitro system. Cytotoxicity and effect on clonogenicity were determined following 72 hours of TTFields treatment. Combination index (CI) was calculated for the treatment of TTFields with each of the following drugs: Paclitaxel, Cisplatin, Pemetrexed and Vinorelbine. Finite Element Mesh (FEM) simulations were performed using the Sim4life software package (ZMT, Zurich, Switzerland) for the calculations of the electric fields intensities in the mesothelium of a realistic human computational phantom. Frequency titration experiments revealed 150 kHz to be the optimal TTFields frequency for Mesothelioma cell cultures, leading to 69% reduction in the number of cells (p&amp;lt;0.001) and 78% reduction in clonogenicity (p&amp;lt;0.05) as compared to control. The combined treatment of TTFields with Paclitaxel, Cisplatin, Pemetrexed and Vinorelbine resulted in combination index of 0.99, 0.88, 1.29 and 1.13, respectively. FEM simulations demonstrated that electric field intensities within the mesothelium are approximately 2 V/cm RMS which is above the minimal threshold required for TTFields effect. Taken together, these results suggest that combining TTFields therapy with systemic chemotherapy may be an approach that offers enhanced treatment efficacy for Mesothelioma. A clinical study testing the combined efficacy of TTFields Cisplatin and Pemetrexed is under development. Citation Format: Moshe Giladi, Mijal Munster, Roni Blat, Rosa Schneiderman, Yaara Porat, Zeev Bomzon, Noa Urman, Tali Voloshin, Eilon David Kirson, Uri Weinberg, Yoram Palti. In vitro results and electric fields simulations suggest Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) to be an effective treatment against Mesothelioma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5361. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5361
Adults' reactions to the death of a parent: a preliminary study
Authors: D P Malinak, M F Hoyt, V Patterson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

The authors conducted a systematic psychodynamic investigation directed explicitly toward the bereavement reactions of people who have lost a parent during their adult life. They conducted a single in-depth interview of 14 people with a mean age of 32.4 years who had experienced the death of a parent in the last 3--20 months. The authors present clinical data illustrating several themes, including the importance of the last meeting with the parent, the experience of grief and aggression, coping resources, and growth-oriented aspects of the bereavement process. They also make a number of suggestions regarding clinical practice and further research.
Notices
Authors: E J Mears, W P Harvey, C A Hufnagel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THE similarity of chest  associated with  hypertension and that of coronary-artery disease was stressed by Viar and Harrison1 in their excellent monograph. They suggested the term pulmonary hypertensive pain and pointed out that it may resemble angina pectoris subjectively in almost every detail. The location is precordial or substernal, but other areas of the thorax may be involved, anteriorly or posteriorly. Radiation when present frequently extends to the left shoulder and arm. The intensity of the  varies from mild to quite severe. Like angina, the  with  hypertension may be precipitated by physical exertion or emotional . . .
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase III trial of gemcitabine (G) plus bevacizumab (B) versus gemcitabine plus placebo (P) in patients (pts) with advanced pancreatic cancer (PC): A preliminary analysis of Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB
Authors: H. L. Kindler, D. Niedzwiecki, D. Hollis, E. Oraefo, D. Schrag, H. Hurwitz, H. L. McLeod, M. F. Mulcahy, R. L. Schilsky, R. M. Goldberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

4508 Background: In a phase II trial in 52 PC pts, GB yielded a 21% response rate and a median survival of 8.8 months (mo) (Kindler, JCO 2005). These data led CALGB to conduct a phase III trial of GB vs. GP in advanced PC pts. Methods: This randomized trial was double-blind, placebo-controlled. Eligible pts had no prior therapy for advanced disease, PS 0–2, no tumor invasion of adjacent organs, no increased bleeding risk. Primary endpoint: overall survival (OS). Stratification: PS (0/1 or 2), disease extent (locally advanced or metastatic), prior radiation (RT) (yes/no). Statistics: 90% power to detect a difference in median OS of 6 vs. 8.1 mo. Treatment: Pts received G 1,000 mg/m 2 over 30 minutes days (D) 1, 8, 15 Q28D; B 10 mg/kg or P D 1, 15 Q28D. CT scans: Q2 cycles. Results: 602 pts enrolled 6/30/04–4/14/06. Based on a protocol-specified interim analysis with 64% of information on OS, the CALGB Data Safety Monitoring Board released study data in 6/06 because a futility boundary was crossed. Pts on treatment were notified and unblinded. Pt characteristics (302GB/300GP): male 58%/51%; median age 63.8/65.0; PS 2 9%/9%; stage IV 85%/84%; prior RT 11%/11%. Median follow-up: 11.3/11.7 mo. As of 12/22/06, 436 pts (224/212) have died (93% of total expected deaths at planned final analysis). Median OS 5.7/6.0 mo (95% CI: 4.9, 6.5/5.0, 6.9). Median failure-free survival 4.8/4.3 mo (95% CI: 4.3, 5.7/3.8, 5.6). Response (includes unconfirmed responses): complete (CR) 1.9%/3.0%; partial (PR) 11.2%/8.3%, stable disease (SD) 40.7%/35.7%. Disease control rate (CR/PR/SD) 54%/47%. 525 pts (268/257) are currently evaluable for toxicity. Median cycles 3.5/3.1 (p=0.09). Total mg/m 2 G received 9095/8334 (p=0.22). Grade ¾ toxicity (%pts GB/GP): neutropenia 33%/30%; anemia 5%/8%; thrombocytopenia 12%/12%; hypertension 8%/2%; perforation 0.4%/0%; GI bleed 3%/2%; CVA 2%/2%; proteinuria 4%/1%; venous thrombosis 9%/9%. Conclusion: The addition of B to G does not improve survival in advanced PC. [Table: see text]
Erratum to: ADAMTS-4 promotes neurodegeneration in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Sighild Lemarchant, Yuriy Pomeshchik, Iurii Kidin, Virve Kärkkäinen, Piia Valonen, Sarka Lehtonen, Gundars Goldsteins, Tarja Malm, Katja Kanninen, Jari Koistinaho
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2016)

Unfortunately, after publication of this article [1], an error was discovered in Fig. 12 (Fig. 1 here) that was introduced during the Production process. The corrected figure can be seen below and the original article has also been updated to reflect this change.



Fig. 1

Gender similarities and differences in the effect of ADAMTS-4 treatment on ALS. a Schematic representation of ADAMTS-4 treatment promoting the decline of NGF production and ALS-induced perineuronal net degradation which contribute to the degeneration ...
Coronary-Artery Stents — Gauging, Gorging, and Gouging
Authors: Eric J. Topol
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Coronary stenting is now the predominant form of nonsurgical myocardial revascularization and accounts for well over 60 percent of the percutaneous coronary-revascularization procedures performed in the United States. The number of patients undergoing stenting in 1998 is estimated at 500,000, with an average of 1.7 stents implanted per patient.1 Since coronary stenting was first approved for elective implantation in late 1994, the growth in use of the procedure has been explosive. At the time of its approval, there were important drawbacks, including bleeding complications, a prolonged hospital stay, high cost, and a very restricted indication for patients with a new, . . .
Importance of the Blood Groups in Laboratory and Clinical Medicine
Authors: Fred H. Allen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

"HUMAN beings have blood group patterns as distinctive and individual as fingerprints." This is a prediction that was first suggested by Landsteiner in 1927. He had just discovered the M-N blood groups and the P groups, and was then able with the use also of the A-B-O groups to subdivide human beings into 36 different types. At present it is possible, with the useful blood-typing serums so far discovered, to subdivide human beings into over 600,000 types. The commonest of these would be found once in 200 typings. Many of the uncommon types are so rare that one would not . . .
Case 19-1971
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. McNeely, Robert H. Schapiro, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Presentation of CaseA 69-year-old man was brought to the hospital because his family was unable to arouse him.Thirty-five years previously a duodenal ulcer had been demonstrated at laparotomy. Twelve years before admission he experienced an episode of prolonged anterior chest pain associated with the development of atrial flutter with 2:1 atrioventricular block. Physical examination disclosed a Grade 2 basal systolic murmur. The rhythm reverted to normal with the administration of digoxin. One year later he returned to the hospital because of persistent vomiting and abdominal pain and was found to have an active duodenal ulcer with obstruction; a . . .
Detecting Geographic Subdivision: A Comment on a Paper by Hudson et al
Authors: DA Roff, P Bentzen
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1992)

In a recent paper, Hudson et al. ( 1992) discussed methods of detecting geographic subdivision in genetic structure. They suggest use of the x2 test after lumping all rare haplotypes such that the expected frequency in each cell is at least one. In an earlier volume of Molecular Biology and Evolution, we considered the use of x2 for testing genetic differentiation among separate populations (Roff and Bentzen 1989): we do not recommend combining cells, as this considerably reduces the power of the test, as indeed was found by Hudson et al. ( 1992). Small sample size may invalidate the assumptions used to construct the x2 tabulated values. This problem can be overcome by using the randomization (also called “permutation”) procedure that we described in our earlier article (Roff and Bentzen 1989) and that is available in the REAP software package (REAP; McElroy et al., accepted) distributed by Doug McElroy and Irv Kornfield (Department of Zoology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469). In their discussion, Hudson et al. ( 1992) suggest a strategy for testing the null model of no geographic differentiation. Their recommendations are based on combining cells for the x2 test. We recommend that the x2 test be the first test used but that the cells not be combined, the significance level for the test being obtained by a randomization procedure.
Impact of Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio (Nlr) and Platelet-To-Lymphocyte Ratio (Plr) on Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hcc) Patients Treated with Sorafenib (Sor)
Authors: K.M. Wong, J. Chiu, X. Shen, A.J. Templeton, W. Xu, E.X. Chen, M. Sherman, R. Feld, J. Knox
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
A man with headache and double vision
Authors: Muhammad Nauman Amin, Joseph Vassallo, Louise Butler, James Dominic Catania
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A 78 year old man presented with a nine day history of moderately severe left retro-orbital headache. On the day of presentation he developed sudden onset complete drooping of his left eyelid and double vision.

His medical history included a right sided nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma, hypertension, diverticular disease, and polymyalgia rheumatica. His regular drugs were amlodipine 10 mg once daily, lisinopril 5 mg once daily, omeprazole 20 mg once daily, and prednisolone 5 mg once daily.

Clinical examination showed complete drooping of his left eyelid with the eyeball displaced outwards and downwards. His left pupil was fixed and dilated (fig 1⇓). The rest of his neurological examination was normal and he had no temporal artery tenderness or jaw claudication.





### 1. What clinical findings are apparent in fig 1?

#### Short answer

Complete left oculomotor nerve palsy with pupillary involvement.

#### Discussion

In fig 1, the patient’s left eye is being held open and he has been asked to look straight ahead. It can be seen that the left eyeball is displaced both outwards and downwards. The lateral rectus muscle (sixth nerve) is unopposed by the medial rectus muscle (third nerve), resulting in abduction of the eye. The superior oblique muscle (fourth nerve) is unopposed by the paralysed superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles (third nerve), causing downward displacement. He also has a complete ptosis and a fixed dilated pupil. These findings are consistent with complete left oculomotor nerve palsy.

The oculomotor nerve has two separate components, each with its own function. The somatic motor component arises from the somatic motor nucleus in the midbrain, which supplies four extraocular muscles and …
438P Efficacy of nintedanib/docetaxel in East Asian patients with lung adenocarcinoma (ADE): analysis from the LUME-Lung 1 study
Authors: Y.-L. Wu, Y. Cheng, B.S. Kim, S. Lu, B. Gaschler-Markefski, R. Kaiser, M. Reck
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Phase II study of neoadjuvant biweekly doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) with GM-CSF followed by weekly paclitaxel, carboplatin +/- trastuzumab (TC +/- H) in the treatment of breast cancer (BC)
Authors: R. S. Mehta, T. Shubbert, D. Hsiang, K. Kong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

826 Background: We initially reported high pathological complete remission rate following neoadjuvant TCH therapy after AC in 8 consecutive Her-2 positive BC patients (Mehta et al. SABCS 2004). We thus showed that targeted therapy with TCH will synergize with or overcome resistance to AC. Moreover, the mean EF of 60.7% following TCH regimen suggested relative cardiac safety of the sequential regimen. Methods: Based on this, a phase II study of biweekly AC (4 cycles) with GM-CSF (7–10 doses) followed by weekly TC (3 weeks on,1 week off-1cycle; total 3 cycles) +/- H (12 weeks of H) in the treatment of BC was initiated. Twenty one of the proposed 43 patients started treatment between April 2004 to Sept 2004, and have completed the dose dense portion of the treatment. All but one received GM-CSF as the preferred growth factor support. Two patients were switched to G-CSF because of allergic reactions. Eight of 21 patients are Her-2 positive (FISH +), and are candidates for TCH regimen following AC. All others are candidates for TC regimen following AC. All patients had at least T2 or N1 BC (range stage II-IV). Results: Five of 81 administered AC cycles were delayed by 1week because of low ANC. Toxicity with dose dense AC included 1 neutropenic fever (culture negative); 1 grade (gr) III nausea and vomiting; 2 gr III dehydration. Seventeen of 21 patients achieved major clinical response (CR) at second cycle; confirmed after 4 cycles of AC. Two additional patients achieved major CR with TC+/-H. Two patients have stable disease. Of >30 cycles of TC +/- H delivered, gr III/IV/V toxicity includes: 1 septic death (patient had undiagnosed cirrhosis on autopsy), 1 gr III arthralgia, and 1 gr III thrombocytopenia. No clinical cardiac dysfunction has been demonstrated. Conclusions: Sequential AC, TC+/-H is a well tolerated, outpatient regimen. These data demonstrate the effectiveness and overall feasibility of the sequential use of these agents. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Genentech Berlex
Hamstring strength and flexibility after hamstring strain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nirav Maniar, Anthony J Shield, Morgan D Williams, Ryan G Timmins, David A Opar
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

Objective To systematically review the evidence base related to hamstring strength and flexibility in previously injured hamstrings. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources A systematic literature search was conducted of PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and EMBASE from inception to August 2015. Inclusion criteria Full-text English articles which included studies which assessed at least one measure of hamstring strength or flexibility in men and women with prior hamstring strain injury within 24 months of the testing date. Results Twenty-eight studies were included in the review. Previously injured legs demonstrated deficits across several variables. Lower isometric strength was found &lt;7 days postinjury (d=−1.72), but this did not persist beyond 7 days after injury. The passive straight leg raise was restricted at multiple time points after injury (&lt;10 days, d=−1.12; 10–20 days, d=−0.74; 20–30 days, d=−0.40), but not after 40–50 days postinjury. Deficits remained after return to play in isokinetically measured concentric (60°/s, d=−0.33) and Nordic eccentric knee flexor strength (d=−0.39). The conventional hamstring to quadricep strength ratios were also reduced well after return to play (60:60°/s, d=−0.32; 240:240°/s, d=−0.43) and functional (30:240°/s, d=−0.88), but these effects were inconsistent across measurement methods. Conclusions After hamstring strain, acute isometric and passive straight leg raise deficits resolve within 20–50 days. Deficits in eccentric and concentric strength and strength ratios persist after return to play, but this effect was inconsistent across measurement methods. Flexibility and isometric strength should be monitored throughout rehabilitation, but dynamic strength should be assessed at and following return to play.
The Acidosis of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Joseph A. Chazan, Robert Stenson, George S. Kurland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Among 22 patients studied during cardiac arrest, 10 had predominantly respiratory, and eight metabolic acidosis. Most patients with metabolic acidosis had myocardial infarction, had an arterial pH of 7.15 to 7.35, and appeared to be benefited by sodium bicarbonate with or without hyperventilation. In those with respiratory acidosis, chiefly patients with pulmonary problems, the pH was 6.86 to 7.09 in eight, hypercapnia was prevalent, alkali therapy seemed less effective, and improved ventilation appeared to be the major therapeutic objective.
Dysmorphic Urinary Erythrocytes
Authors: T F Saad
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Figure 1. A kidney biopsy in a 34-year-old man with IgA nephropathy showed mesangial-cell proliferation and predominant mesangial IgA deposition. At the time of the biopsy, the patient's serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were 1.3 mg per deciliter (110 μmol per liter) and 13 mg per deciliter (4.6 mmol per liter), respectively. Microscopical examination of the urine revealed many dysmorphic urinary erythrocytes with spheroid surface protrusions (Panel A, ×1450) indicative of glomerular hematuria. A glomerular erythrocyte ghost (Panel B, ×3250) has a small neck at the base of each surface protrusion, demonstrating its connection with the cytoplasm of . . .
Molecular Basis of Different Forms of Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
Authors: Andreas Polten, Arvan L. Fluharty, Claire B. Fluharty, Joachim Kappler, Kurt von Figura, Volkmar Gieselmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Metachromatic leukodystrophy is an autosomal recessive inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of arylsulfatase A. Three forms of the disease can be distinguished according to severity and the age at onset: late infantile (1 to 2 years), juvenile (3 to 16), and adult (>16).
Alveolar Gas Exchange in Clinical Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Eugene D. Robin, Claude E. Forkner, Philip A. Bromberg, J. Russell Croteau, David M. Travis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

ACUTE pulmonary embolism is probably the most common lung disease present in hospitalized patients.1 , 2 The difficulties inherent in its diagnosis are considerable, and underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis are common. Since this is a disorder of the pulmonary circulation, a major area of physiologic derangement involves the gas-exchange functions of the lung. Previous studies by Severinghaus and Stupfel3 and from this laboratory4 , 5 have shown that measurements involving carbon dioxide gas exchange provide useful information regarding the possibility of this diagnosis. The present report extends previous observations to other aspects of gas exchange during clinical pulmonary embolism.The aspects to be considered include . . .