tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of the Partial Hand Amputation: An Engineering Perspective
Authors: Ilario Imbinto, Carlo Peccia, Marco Controzzi, Andrea Giovanni Cutti, Angelo Davalli, Rinaldo Sacchetti, Christian Cipriani
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2016)

Partial hand amputation is perhaps the most frequent amputation level, worldwide. Although its annual incidence in western countries is roughly 1:18 000 inhabitants, the treatments of partial hand amputations have modestly progressed so far. We have identified three main limitation factors to this progress: 1) the wide range of anatomical and functional presentations, which makes difficult to find standardized and scalable solutions; 2) the technological complexity in replacing the motor and sensory function of a lost digit in the size of a digit; and 3) the fact that a partial hand can be functionally successful mostly when it restores a lost opposition movement, i.e., the ability to oppose the thumb against the fingers while providing enough grasping force and aperture width. This review presents an overview of the existing surgical and technological solutions for treating partial hand amputations, and is specifically targeted to (biomedical) engineers. We critically highlighted the advantages, limitations, and open challenges. Remarkably, current fitting procedures rely on manual approaches by skilled prosthetic technicians rather than on modern engineering methods. Hence, the objective of this study is to comprehensively but concisely overview the field in order to inspire engineers to develop new systems and procedures able to address current open issues.
Overcoming Barriers in Kidney Health—Forging a Platform for Innovation
Authors: Peter G. Linde, Patrick Archdeacon, Matthew D. Breyer, Tod Ibrahim, Jula K. Inrig, Reshma Kewalramani, Celeste Castillo Lee, Carolyn Y. Neuland, Prabir Roy-Chaudhury, James A. Sloand, Rachel Meyer, Kimberly A. Smith, Jennifer Snook, Melissa West, Ronald J. Falk
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2016)

Innovation in kidney diseases is not commensurate with the effect of these diseases on human health and mortality or innovation in other key therapeutic areas. A primary cause of the dearth in innovation is that kidney diseases disproportionately affect a demographic that is largely disenfranchised, lacking sufficient advocacy, public attention, and funding. A secondary and likely consequent cause is that the existing infrastructure supporting nephrology research pales in comparison with those for other internal medicine specialties, especially cardiology and oncology. Citing such inequities, however, is not enough. Changing the status quo will require a coordinated effort to identify and redress the existing deficits. Specifically, these deficits relate to the need to further develop and improve the following: understanding of the disease mechanisms and pathophysiology, patient engagement and activism, clinical trial infrastructure, and investigational clinical trial designs as well as coordinated efforts among critical stakeholders. This paper identifies potential solutions to these barriers, some of which are already underway through the Kidney Health Initiative. The Kidney Health Initiative is unique and will serve as a current and future platform from which to overcome these barriers to innovation in nephrology.
A Genetic Basis for Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea
Authors: Lisa M. Caronia, Cecilia Martin, Corrine K. Welt, Gerasimos P. Sykiotis, Richard Quinton, Apisadaporn Thambundit, Magdalena Avbelj, Sadhana Dhruvakumar, Lacey Plummer, Virginia A. Hughes, Stephanie B. Seminara, Paul A. Boepple, Yisrael Sidis, William F. Crowley, Kathryn A. Martin, Janet E. Hall, Nelly Pitteloud
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea is a reversible form of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency commonly triggered by stressors such as excessive exercise, nutritional deficits, or psychological distress. Women vary in their susceptibility to inhibition of the reproductive axis by such stressors, but it is unknown whether this variability reflects a genetic predisposition to hypothalamic amenorrhea. We hypothesized that mutations in genes involved in idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, a congenital form of GnRH deficiency, are associated with hypothalamic amenorrhea.We analyzed the coding sequence of genes associated with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in 55 women with hypothalamic amenorrhea and performed in vitro studies of the identified mutations.Six heterozygous mutations were identified in 7 of the 55 patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea: two variants in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene FGFR1 (G260E and R756H), two in the prokineticin receptor 2 gene PROKR2 (R85H and L173R), one in the GnRH receptor gene GNRHR (R262Q), and one in the Kallmann syndrome 1 sequence gene KAL1 (V371I). No mutations were found in a cohort of 422 controls with normal menstrual cycles. In vitro studies showed that FGFR1 G260E, FGFR1 R756H, and PROKR2 R85H are loss-of-function mutations, as has been previously shown for PROKR2 L173R and GNRHR R262Q.Rare variants in genes associated with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism are found in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, suggesting that these mutations may contribute to the variable susceptibility of women to the functional changes in GnRH secretion that characterize hypothalamic amenorrhea. Our observations provide evidence for the role of rare variants in common multifactorial disease. (Funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00494169.).
<i>Truncated View of the Broekzijder Mill on the Gein, Wings Facing West</i>
Authors: Jeanette M. Smith
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Opioid Prescriptions Among Women of Reproductive Age Enrolled in Medicaid — New York, 2008–2013
Authors: Brian K. Gallagher, Yejee Shin, Patrick Roohan
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

Exposure to opioids during pregnancy can lead to adverse infant outcomes, including neonatal abstinence syndrome (1) and birth defects (2). Ascertaining opioid prescriptions for women who become pregnant or have no indication of contraceptive use is important to determine the number of women who are at potential risk for adverse fetal outcomes. The New York State (NYS) Department of Health (DOH) analyzed data for women aged 15-44 years (i.e., reproductive-aged women) enrolled in Medicaid to examine opioid drug prescriptions during 2008-2013. On the basis of Medicaid drug claims for any drug with an opioid ingredient, prescriptions were identified for the enrolled population of reproductive-aged women and for three subgroups: women whose diagnosis, procedure, and drug codes indicated contraceptive use or infertility; women who were not using contraceptives and not infertile; and women who had had a live birth during the reporting year. During 2008-2013, among all women of reproductive age, 20.0% received a prescription for a drug with an opioid component; the proportion was highest (27.3%) among women with an indication of contraceptive use or infertility, intermediate (17.3%) among women who had no indication of contraceptive use, and lowest (9.5%) among women who had had a live birth. Although New York's proportion of opioid prescriptions among female Medicaid recipients who had a live birth is lower than a recent U.S. estimate (3), these results suggest nearly one in 10 women in this group may have been exposed to opioids in the prenatal period.
Time-Course Study on Doxorubicin-Induced Nephropathy and Cardiomyopathy in Male and Female LOU/M/Wsl Rats: Lack of Evidence for a Causal Relationship
Authors: Q G van Hoesel, P A Steerenberg, J A Dormans, W H de Jong, D J de Wildt, J G Vos
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

In a previous study on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in LOU/M/Wsl rats, severe nephropathy has been observed; therefore, the question was raised whether nephropathy adds to or even might be responsible for doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. For elucidation of this question, the temporal relationship between the onset of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy and nephropathy was studied. In addition, examination was made of whether modifications of the treatment schedule could circumvent nephrotoxicity. Because preliminary studies had shown that female LOU/M/Wsl rats developed less doxorubicin-induced albuminuria, both male and female LOU/M/Wsl rats were treated with an iv dose of 1 mg doxorubicin/kg (body wt)/rat on five consecutive days and then weekly. Saline-treated animals served as controls. Albuminuria, serum albumin, and serum creatine levels were assessed weekly. For histologic examination, 5 male and 5 female rats were killed weekly. At day 14 and thereafter, doxorubicin-treated male rats showed albuminuria greater than or equal to 10 g/liter. Albuminuria of greater than or equal to 10 g/liter was not avoided by modifications of the treatment schedule. Female rats had on day 14 a urinary albumin level of 1.0-3.0 g/liter, yet reaching the level of greater than or equal to 10 g/liter at day 49. In male rats serum albumin levels decreased to levels below 10 g/liter (p less than .001 vs. finding for day 0); in contrast female rats maintained constant serum albumin levels till day 49. Serum creatine levels showed a tendency to rise, the values of male rats not being measured after day 28 due to hyperlipidemia; the levels of female rats increased from 37.8 +/- 3.0 mumol/liter to 53.7 +/- 2.5 mumol/liter on day 49 (P less than .001). At day 10 in male and female rats a grade 1-1.5 cardiomyopathy score, assessed according to the modified Billingham scoring system, was found, gradually increasing to grade 2.5-3 cardiomyopathy, both in males and females, on day 49. In male LOU/M rats the nephropathy developed steadily from day 14 and thereafter, whereas in females the rate of development of kidney damage was slower and at the end point of the study the severity of kidney lesions was less in comparison to that of the males. The onset of cardiomyopathy and nephropathy was simultaneous. It was concluded that cardiomyopathy observed in LOU/M rats is a phenomenon independent of nephropathy.
ATPS-77THE KETONE BODY ß-HYDROXYBUTYRATE RADIOSENSITIZES GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME STEM CELLS
Authors: Helena B. Silva-Nichols, Eric C. Woolf, Loic P. Deleyrolle, Brent A. Reynolds, Adrienne C. Scheck
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant brain tumor that typically recurs following standard treatment with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. A rare population of radio-chemoresistant glioma stem cells (GSCs) is implicated in tumor repopulation and progression following treatment. Improvement in the prognosis of these patients requires the development of new therapeutic approaches. One emerging strategy is to target aberrant cell metabolism, a trait shared by virtually all tumor cells. The ketogenic diet (KD), a high fat, low carbohydrate and protein metabolic therapy has demonstrated anti-tumor effects alone, and in combination with radiation. The KD prolongs survival in animal glioma models, and when used in conjunction with radiation 9 of 11 mice were cured of their implanted tumors. We are now extending this work to determine if the ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) radiosensitizes human GSCs in vitro. The effects of βHB on growth were examined at various βHB concentrations in two GSC lines, L0 and L1. Both 5mM and 10mM βHB significantly reduced GSC growth. When coupled with 4Gy of radiation, 5mM βHB treatment significantly reduced L1 neurosphere formation and frequency, more than either βHB treatment or radiation alone. In L0, combination treatment significantly reduced neurosphere formation and frequency, more than radiation alone. To explore underlying mechanisms we are investigating the effect of βHB on DNA damage and repair in GSCs. Additionally, we are determining the effect of βHB on hypoxia within GSC neurospheres by analyzing expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha and the hypoxic marker carbonic anhydrase 9. We previously showed that the KD reduced the expression of these genes in a mouse glioma model. Taken altogether, these data suggest that βHB may sensitize GBMs to radiation by inhibiting growth of both glioma cells and GSCs, which may have implications for its use to treat tumor recurrence.
Case 8-1991
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Ashby C. Moncure, Brian P. Griffin, John T. Fallon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Presentation of CaseA 69-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of severe epigastric pain.There was a history of coronary artery disease with an inferoposterior myocardial infarct 20 years earlier and four admissions to another hospital because of unstable angina pectoris during the ensuing 9 years. Angina persisted, and a coronary angiographic examination, performed elsewhere 9 1/2 years before entry, showed complete occlusion of the right coronary artery and high-grade obstruction of three other vessels.Seven years before admission an exercise-tolerance test was strongly positive. Six and a half years before entry the patient was seen at this . . .
Case 36-1976
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Robert G. Ojemann, Henry C. Powell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Presentation of CaseA 26-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of cranial-nerve palsies.She was well until a year previously, when she became aware of visual blurring that occurred late in the day and was corrected by covering either eye. Six months later vertical diplopia became constant. An optometrist prescribed prisms, but diplopia persisted, and she used an eye patch for visual comfort. Her mother noticed that she tilted her head to the right. A neurologist found palsy of the left superior oblique muscle, without other abnormality. Orbital x-ray films, an electroencephalogram and a brain scan, obtained elsewhere, . . .
Concurrent SPECT/PET-CT imaging as a method for tracking adoptively transferred T-cells in vivo
Authors: Sasha E. Stanton, Janet F. Eary, Edmond A. Marzbani, David Mankoff, Lupe G. Salazar, Doreen Higgins, Jennifer Childs, Jessica Reichow, Yushe Dang, Mary L. Disis
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2016)

The ability of T-cells to traffic to and penetrate tumors impacts the clinical efficacy of T-cell therapy therefore methods to track transferred T-cells in vivo are needed. In this preliminary report, we evaluated the use of concurrent SPECT/PET-CT imaging to monitor the egress of HER-2/neu specific T-cells in a breast cancer patient with extensive bone-only metastatic disease.Indium (In-111) labeled T-cells demonstrated similar or greater viability than unlabeled T-cells at either a low or high dose of In-111 over a 24-h incubation period in vitro. The function of labeled or unlabeled T-cells was not significantly different (p > 0.05) at either dose. T-cells trafficked to all sites of metastatic disease and infiltrated the tumor as assessed by SPECT imaging. In-111 uptake at 24 h after infusion varied from 3.8 (right proximal humerus) to 6.3 (right sacrum) background corrected counts per pixel and remained elevated at 48 h. Concurrent PET-CT imaging demonstrated a fluorodeoxyglucose flare, measured by increase in tumor site uptake as high as 32 % and at most sites of disease at 48 h. This flare was associated with focal pain after T-cell infusion at metastatic sites. The patient had stable disease for 18 months after completion of T-cell therapy.Concurrent SPECT/PET-CT imaging, over a 48-h period after T-cell infusion, provided evidence of T-cell homing to all disease sites as well as a tumor metabolism flare response. This technique may be useful for monitoring T-cell trafficking after autologous as well as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell infusion.Trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT00791037, registered 13 November 2008.
Immune activation of the host cell induces drug tolerance in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> both in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Yancheng Liu, Shumin Tan, Lu Huang, Robert B. Abramovitch, Kyle H. Rohde, Matthew D. Zimmerman, Chao Chen, Véronique Dartois, Brian C. VanderVen, David G. Russell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2016)

Successful chemotherapy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) must eradicate the bacterium within the context of its host cell. However, our understanding of the impact of this environment on antimycobacterial drug action remains incomplete. Intriguingly, we find that Mtb in myeloid cells isolated from the lungs of experimentally infected mice exhibit tolerance to both isoniazid and rifampin to a degree proportional to the activation status of the host cells. These data are confirmed by in vitro infections of resting versus activated macrophages where cytokine-mediated activation renders Mtb tolerant to four frontline drugs. Transcriptional analysis of intracellular Mtb exposed to drugs identified a set of genes common to all four drugs. The data imply a causal linkage between a loss of fitness caused by drug action and Mtb's sensitivity to host-derived stresses. Interestingly, the environmental context exerts a more dominant impact on Mtb gene expression than the pressure on the drugs' primary targets. Mtb's stress responses to drugs resemble those mobilized after cytokine activation of the host cell. Although host-derived stresses are antimicrobial in nature, they negatively affect drug efficacy. Together, our findings demonstrate that the macrophage environment dominates Mtb's response to drug pressure and suggest novel routes for future drug discovery programs.
Abstract 04: Validation of the Instant Blood Pressure Smartphone Application (App)
Authors: Timothy B Plante, Bruno Urrea, Zane T MacFarlane, Roger S Blumenthal, Edgar R Miller, Lawrence J Appel, Seth S Martin
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Mobile health (‘mHealth’) technologies include unregulated smartphone apps. Instant Blood Pressure (IBP; AuraLife, Newport Beach, CA) estimates blood pressure (BP) using the integrated sensors in the phone, without requiring a cuff. For 392 days in 2014-15, it was a top 50 best-selling iPhone app in the US (requiring ≥950 copies sold on those days). App store reviews document use of the app for treatment of hypertension. IBP has not been independently validated. Hypothesis: The absolute mean difference (MD) between IBP and a standard device will be ≤5.0 mmHg for systolic and diastolic BP measurements. Methods: Between Jul. and Sep. 2015, we enrolled adults age ≥18 yrs old, at Johns Hopkins clinics. Exclusion criteria were an active arrhythmia, internal device, or contraindication for arm BP measurement. Two order-randomized measurements were taken on two devices: IBP and a validated standard device (Omron-907). Each IBP measurement was compared to the average of the standard measurements. SBP and DBP MD were log transformed and T-tests were used to compare MD and the cutoff of ≤5.0 mmHg. Results: Of 85 participants, 52% (44 of 85) were women, mean ± SD age was 57 ± 16 years, and mean BMI was 28 ± 6 kg/m2; 53% (45 of 85) had hypertension. The mean ± SD absolute BP differences (IBP minus standard) were 12.4 ± 10.5 mmHg for systolic (P&lt;0.001) and 10.1 ± 8.1 mmHg for diastolic BP (P&lt;0.001). The app overestimated low BP and underestimated high BP (Figure). Sensitivity and specificity for hypertensive measurements (systolic ≥140 or diastolic ≥90 mmHg) were 0.2 and 0.9. Conclusions: BP measurements from an unregulated mHealth app with &gt;148,000 units sold were highly inaccurate. The low sensitivity for hypertensive readings means that four-fifths of individuals with hypertensive BP levels will be falsely reassured that their BP is in the non-hypertensive range.
Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Is Associated with Loss of the Mature KIR3DL1+ Subset
Authors: Alexander W. MacFarlane, Mowafaq Jillab, Mitchell R Smith, R. Katherine Alpaugh, Marion E. Cole, Samuel Litwin, Michael M. Millenson, Tahseen I. Al-Saleem, Adam D. Cohen, Kerry S. Campbell
Journal: Blood (2014)
Successful treatment of metastatic metaplastic breast cancer
Authors: M. J. Higgins, M. C. Roarke, M. A. Zarka, L. A. Lanza, D. W. Northfelt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

848 Background: Metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) is rare, accounting for less than 1% of all breast cancers (BC). Neither randomized trials nor retrospective reviews have defined optimal systemic chemotherapy for MBC. We successfully treated a patient with metastatic MBC with novel chemotherapy rationally selected on the basis of presumed genotypic categorization of MBC. We reviewed institutional experience and available literature regarding chemotherapy for MBC. Methods: A literature search using OVID, PUBMED and EMBASE 1966 -2004 was performed. Cases of MBC in the Mayo Clinic Scottsdale Cancer Registry (MCSCR) 1996–2003 were identified by histology codes and reviewed. Results: Our patient had a gratifying and sustained response to novel chemotherapy, namely 8 courses of weekly low-dose carboplatin (AUC=2) and paclitaxel (80mg/m2) (CP) (CT images will accompany presentation). Therapy was well tolerated. Of 2,954 BC primaries listed in MCSCR, 8 were MBC (0.27%). Of these, none had meaningful response to chemotherapy. Literature search identified 19 case series of >10 patients with MBC (total: 547 patients). Details of systemic chemotherapy were provided for only 30 of these patients. Disease-free and overall survival is poor in MBC when compared to breast adenocarcinomas, despite greater likelihood of node-negativity. MBC is typically estrogen/progesterone receptor- and HER2/neu- negative. Reported median survival after development of metastatic disease is 3–8 months. Recent DNA microarray analyses have led to the discovery of a ‘basal-type’ BC subgroup for which it has been proposed that platinum-containing chemotherapy may be advantageous. Other studies have shown that MBC has clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of basal-type BC. Thus we used CP for our patient with advanced metastatic disease. There have been no previous reports of metastatic MBC treated successfully with CP. Conclusions: Metastatic MBC is rare and prognosis poor. Optimal chemotherapy has not been defined; conventional regimens used in treatment of breast adenocarcinomas are generally ineffective in MBC. We report a gratifying and sustained response to treatment with CP. No significant financial relationships to disclose.