tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Combined Measurement of Cerebral and Cerebellar Blood Flow on Preoperative Brain Perfusion SPECT Imaging Predicts Development of New Cerebral Ischemic Events After Endarterectomy for Symptomatic Unilateral Cervical Carotid Stenosis
Authors: Kohki Oikawa, Kuniaki Ogasawara, Hideo Saito, Koji Yoshida, Hiroaki Saura, Yuiko Sato, Kazunori Terasaki, Tsukasa Wada, Yoshitaka Kubo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

The aim of this study was to determine whether the ratio of blood flow contralateral-to-affected asymmetry in the cerebellar hemisphere to blood flow affected-to-contralateral asymmetry in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory (AR(cbl)/AR(MCA)) on preoperative brain perfusion SPECT could identify patients at risk for new cerebral ischemic events after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for symptomatic unilateral cervical carotid stenosis. For the purposes of this study, new cerebral ischemic events included neurological deficits and cerebral ischemic lesions on diffusion-weighted MRI.Brain blood flow was assessed using 123I-IMP SPECT in 101 patients. A region of interest was automatically placed in the bilateral MCA territories and in the bilateral cerebellar hemispheres using a 3-dimensional stereotaxic region-of-interest template, and the AR(cbl)/AR(MCA) was calculated. Diffusion-weighted MRI was performed within 3 days before and 24 hours after surgery. Patients were neurologically tested before induction of general anesthesia and after recovery from general anesthesia.New cerebral ischemic events after CEA were observed in 12 patients (12%). Multivariate analysis revealed that only high AR(cbl)/AR(MCA) was significantly associated with the development of new postoperative cerebral ischemic events (95% confidence interval, 1.945-8.452; P = 0.0070). The AR(cbl)/AR(MCA) provided 75% sensitivity, 84% specificity, and 39% positive and 96% negative predictive values in predicting development of new postoperative cerebral ischemic events.The AR(cbl)/AR(MCA) on preoperative brain perfusion SPECT could identify patients at risk for new cerebral ischemic events after CEA for unilateral cervical carotid stenosis.
Novel RAB27A Mutation Distinguishes Hypopigmentation From Cytotoxic Dysfunction in Griscelli Syndrome Type 2
Authors: Sanny K. Chan, Pinaki Banerjee, Lenora Mendoza Noroski, Linda Monaco-Shawver, Javier Chinen, I. Celine Hanson, Jordan Orange
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Abstract P5-14-06: Relationship between Surgery and Survival in Elderly Breast Cancer Patients over 75 Years of Age
Authors: M Dordea, R Jones, A Pujol Nicolas, S Sar, S Batson, A Fetherston, P Truran, S John, O. Iwuchukwu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: There is an increasing interest in the reporting of breast cancer characteristics, treatment and survival in the elderly age group (&amp;gt;75). Studies suggest that elderly women receive less aggressive treatment, experience higher disease progression and mortality from breast cancer. We report on a single institutional experience of 256 consecutive cases of symptomatic breast cancer in a population of over 75 years of age. Methods: We undertook a retrospective review of 256 consecutive cases of breast cancer in patients over the age of 75 treated at the Sunderland Royal Hospital between August 1998 and August 2005. Therapeutic/surgical decision was a joint affair involving our multidisciplinary team, the patient and her family. Patient demographic data, tumour biology data, therapeutic data and outcome data were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed by the Newcastle Industrial Statistics Unit. Results: 142/256 patients underwent surgical intervention, 114/256 did not. Mean follow up was 6.4 years. The findings as well and their statistical significance are illustrated below: Physiological reserve, treatment and outcomes Table 1 Our results show a weak but statistically significant association between surgery and survival (p=0.05, CI 0.00046 - 0.19641) and a strong statistically significant association between surgery and disease progression/recurrence (p=0.001, CI 0.08713 - 0.03145). The morbidity of our surgical group is low. We experienced one postoperative death. Discussion: We are cautious in affirming that our elderly group suffers from under treatment. There may be reasons for the observed pattern. Apart from a discrepancy in our axillary staging procedures (15/142), all suitable patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy was omitted in most cases, however this may be the result of multidisciplinary decisions guided by AdjuvantOnline calculations and patient's wishes. Women in the group treated conservatively are significantly less fit hence suffering high cancer unrelated mortality. As a consequence of their unfitstate the elderly group (treated conservatively) suffers higher disease related progression and mortality. Overall, in our retrospective study surgical treatment with adjuvant endocrine and/or radiotherapy was associated with a statistically significant advantage in terms of disease related mortality and local disease control. We suggest that treatment pathways should be guided by physiological reserve and geriatric assessment tools rather than age alone. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-14-06.
TREC &lt;30 in Infants without SCID As A Marker for High Mortality
Authors: Millard L. Tierce, Mary Ruehle, Karen Andruszewski, Kevin Cavanagh, Karen Dahl, Mary Kleyn, Patrick Michael Long, Kelly Walkovich, Heather Wood, William Young, Elizabeth A. Secord
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Abstract 5211: In vivo fluorescence and spectral microscopy of the effects of aerobic exercise on tumor oxygenation and perfusion in breast cancer
Authors: Jennifer A. Lee, Jennifer M. Wiggins, Lori P. Rice, Dietmar W. Siemann
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Abnormal tumor angiogenesis leads to inefficient blood flow and inhibited delivery of oxygen, resulting in a hypoxic tumor microenvironment. In radiation therapy the presence of oxygen is necessary to impart lasting damage to cancer cells, therefore the modulation of tumor hypoxia has been an important focus to improve radiation therapy outcome. While strategies such as hyperbaric chambers and hypoxic cell radiosensitizers or cytotoxins have shown merit, their success in the clinic has been limited. A potential method to increase oxygenation and decrease hypoxia in a tumor mass that is safe and well-tolerated is aerobic exercise. For cancer patients, the benefits of exercise in a palliative setting are well known, however the effects of exercise on tumor microvasculature and blood flow have not been extensively characterized. In vivo microscopy of microvessel function in preclinical models is a useful tool for the study of tumor vascular structure and function. The combination of hyperspectral imaging of hemoglobin (Hb) saturation and first-pass fluorescence (FPF) imaging of blood transit time in the murine dorsal skinfold window chamber has been previously used to characterize tumor angiogenesis, wound healing and the response of tumor microvasculature to vascular targeting agents. Hb saturation imaging reveals the oxygenation of blood within microvessels while FPF imaging gives information regarding blood flow and network connections by recording a fluorescent contrast agent as it is injected into circulation. In the present study, this combination imaging technique is used to evaluate the impact of treadmill running on tumor blood flow and microvessel oxygenation in real time. 4T1 mammary tumors were initiated in nude mice bearing titanium window chambers. Once tumors reached a volume of ∼5mm3, mice were subjected to daily treadmill running for 5-7 consecutive days (30 min, 15-18 m/min, 10° incline). As a sedentary control, mice were placed on a stationary treadmill for equivalent periods of time. Combination imaging was performed daily to monitor microvessel oxygenation and blood flow. On the first day of exercise, imaging was performed both before and after animals were exercised. Preliminary results indicate that following one bout of exercise, tumor perfusion is increased, however there was no significant correlation between exercise and tumor microvessel oxygenation. Citation Format: Jennifer A. Lee, Jennifer M. Wiggins, Lori P. Rice, Dietmar W. Siemann. In vivo fluorescence and spectral microscopy of the effects of aerobic exercise on tumor oxygenation and perfusion in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5211. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5211
Isolated Congenital Familial Thumb Deformities
Authors: Gordon L. Bilbrey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE incidence of hand deformities has been reported to occur in approximately 0.15 to 5.4 per 1000 live births.1 These vary from the well known entities of polydactylia and syndactylia to the less common and less well known defects such as absence of the thumb, which is usually associated with concurrent abnormalities of the radius. Anomalies of the thumb, which may or may not be associated with other abnormalities of the upper extremity, occur in the congenital hypoplastic anemias2 (Fanconi type). This syndrome appears to be transmitted by an autosomal recessive gene with variable penetrance.3 Since 1960 there have been . . .
A6.4 Periodontopathogens in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Periodontal Disease
Authors: O Laugisch, B Moeller, T Kantyka, PJ Vernables, PM Villiger, A Sculean, J Potempa, S Eick
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> A relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis is suggested. Pathogenesis of periodontitis as one of the most common chronic infectious diseases is thought to be host response on subgingival plaque. Among species known to be associated with severe periodontitis, <i>Porphyromonas</i><i>gingivalis</i> plays an important role. Its virulence is most related to cysteine proteases. Moreover, a peptidylarginine deiminase was described to be able to citrullinate microbial and host proteins. The aim of this study was to characterise a group of RA patients for several variables associated with RA and/or periodontitis in comparison with periodontally healthy and periodontitis subjects without RA. In a first part, clinical data of periodontitis and the load of selected periodontopathic species were analysed. <h3>Methods</h3> 51 patients with RA, 27 patients with periodontitis and without RA as well as 16 subjects without periodontitis and RA were recruited. Periodontal disease status was determined by using Periodontal Screening index (PSI). Subgingival plaque was analysed semi-quantitatively by PCR followed by a reverse hybridisation (microIdent, Hain Lifescience) for <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, <i>Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola</i>. In addition, real-time PCR was used to detect very low loads of <i>P. gingivalis</i> (detection level 10 bacteria). For statistical analysis Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used. <h3>Results</h3> Among the 51 RA patients, 45 were characterised positively for periodontitis. 18 (35%) had a severe periodontitis (PSI 4). Analysing the four subgroups (incl. RA with/without periodontitis) showed differences in <i>A. actinomycetemcomitans</i> (p = 0.043) and <i>T.</i><b></b><i>denticola</i> (p = 0.028).<i> P. gingivalis</i> was detected in 63% of the RA patients and in 49% of the subjects without RA. In all RA patients and in special without periodontitis, <i>A. actinomycetemcomitans</i> was found more often (p = 0.018 for all, p = 0.007 for subjects without periodontitis). In both RA and non-RA subjects, patients with periodontitis had more <i>T. denticola</i> in their plaque (p = 0.026; p = 0.042). <h3>Conclusions</h3> <i>P. gingivalis</i> induces immune responses which may be of relevance in RA pathogenesis, but other microbes may also play a role in RA associated periodontitis. This study was supported by a DGP-GABA research grant.
PTU-215 Assessing comfort scores for CO2 insufflation as compared to air in flexible sigmoidoscopy-a prospective audit
Authors: J Tharakan, D Beesley, A Kelling, R Radzioch, I Tiwari
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Patients experience of discomfort with Air insufflation during flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) limits compliance and thus success of the procedure. There has been only one study<sup>1</sup> which has shown that CO2 insufflation reduces discomfort as compared to Air in FS. Recently, we have been using CO2 insufflation for routine FS. We therefore conducted a prospective audit comparing the two modalities and to assess whether the use of CO2 during FS reduces discomfort both during and after the procedure using a standardised scoring system. <h3>Methods</h3> 200 consecutive patients undergoing FS, commonly for rectal bleeding, altered bowel habit and abdominal pain were selected to either Air or CO2 insufflation. There were 100 patients (42 males) in the CO2 group and 100 patients (5l males) in the Air group. The ages ranged from 19 to 92 years in both the groups. Any history of previous abdominal surgery was also noted. Patients were asked to grade discomfort during the procedure, post procedure in the recovery room and on discharge. We used the standardised comfort score of Wong and Baker (0==no discomfort and 10=extreme discomfort). Abdominal bloating was also assessed verbally after the procedure. Statistical analysis was done using Prism software. <h3>Results</h3> The mean comfort scores for CO2 compared to Air during the procedure was 1.02 vs 1.93 (p=0.0006), postprocedure 0.54 vs 1.12 (p=0.002) and on discharge 0.32 vs 0.8 (p=0.0008) respectively. Abdominal bloating appeared to be less with CO2 as compared to Air on verbal questioning. No differences in comfort scores were observed with a history of previous abdominal surgery. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study has shown that CO2 insufflation reduces discomfort as compared to Air during FS, both during and after the procedure. Abdominal bloating was also significantly reduced. The use of CO2 will contribute to better public acceptance for FS, in particular for FS screening in colorectal cancer. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>Reference</h3> 1. <b>Bretthauer M</b>, Hoff G, Thiis-Evensen, <i>et al.</i> CO2 insufflation reduces discomfort due to flexible sigmoidoscopy. <i>Scan J Gastroenterol</i> 2002;<b>37</b>:1103–7.
Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic fluid collections into fourth portion of duodenum: a new approach to disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome
Authors: N. Zhong, M. Topazian, B. Petersen, T. Baron, S. Chari, F. Gleeson, M. Levy, M. Kendrick, S. Vege
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Pancreatic fluid collections may recur after successful endoscopic drainage [1] [2] [3], particularly in patients with underlying pancreatic duct abnormalities [4]. In addition, transgastric drainage of pancreatic tail collections may be impossible in patients with splenic vein thrombosis and gastric varices.
Abstract 4376: Acquired cancer stem cell like features through Oct4 mediated dedifferentiation
Authors: Suresh M.K Kumar, Shujing Liu, Hezhe Lu, Ruifeng Yang, Anitha Pushparajan, Guo Wei, Xiaowei Xu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract There is enormous interest to target cancer stem cells (CSCs) for clinical treatment. CSCs are highly tumorigenic and resistant to chemotherapy. Nevertheless, there is still controversial surrounding CSCs and the origin of CSCs remains elusive. In this study, we showed that expression of Oct4 gene or transmembrane delivery of Oct4 protein promoted dedifferentiation of melanoma cells to CSC-like cells. The dedifferentiated melanoma cells displayed dramatic morphological changes and acquired the ability to form tumor spheroids. They showed markedly increased resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and hypoxic injury. In the subcutaneous xenograft or tail vein injection assays, these cells had significantly increased tumorigenic capacity. The dedifferentiated melanoma cells showed significantly decreased expression of melanocytic markers and acquired many features associated with CSCs such as multipotent differentiation capacity and expression of melanoma CSC markers such as ABCB5 and CD271. Oct4 induced dedifferentiation was associated with endogenous Oct4 promoter activity, expression of Nanog and Klf4, and global gene expression changes that enriched for transcription factors. Furthermore, ShRNA mediated knockdown of Oct4 in dedifferentiated cells led to diminished CSC phenotypes. Oct4 expression was detectable in a subpopulation of tumor cells in clinical melanoma tissues. Our results indicate that CSC phenotype is dynamic and may be acquired through dedifferentiation and Oct4 is a positive regulator of tumor dedifferentiation. These data suggest Oct4 mediated differentiation may play an important role during tumor progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4376. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4376
Medicine and the Common Market — More about Research — The Wind and the Rain
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

IT is difficult for the ordinary citizen to understand even the major principles involved in the possible entry of Great Britain into the European Economic Community. It is even more difficult to foresee the wider implications, but Lord Cohen of Birkenhead said in the House of Lords that these might be great for any profession with registrable qualifications such as doctors, nurses and pharmacists. He pointed out that, according to Article 57 of the Treaty of Rome, the Council of Ministers shall by means of a unanimous vote, and later by means of a qualified majority vote, act by issuing . . .
Abstract 469: Mast cell inhibition by the BTK inhibitor PCI-32765 as a potential therapy in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Laura Soucek, Joseph Buggy, Roderik Kortlever, Lamorna Brown Swigart, Gerard I. Evan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract A strong association between inflammation and cancer has long been recognized but the cause and effect relationship linking the two remains unclear. We previously showed that Myc, a pleiotropic transcription factor that is over-expressed in many human cancers, when expressed in a β cell tumor model, triggers rapid recruitment of mast cells to the tumor site, a recruitment that is absolutely required for macroscopic tumor expansion. Indeed, such tumors did not grow in mast cell deficient mice. Furthermore, treatment of established β cell tumors with cromolyn, a stabilizer that prevents mast cell degranulation, rapidly triggered hypoxia and cell death of tumor and endothelial cells. Our results suggested that inhibitors of mast cell function may prove therapeutically useful in restraining expansion and promoting regression of insulinomas and possibly other pancreatic cancers. However, such compounds have not yet been developed for systemic administration and applications in cancer therapy. In fact, there are no clinically effective systemic mast-cell blockers. Therefore, we tested PCI-32765 (Pharmacyclics, Inc.), a Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor in clinical trials for treatment of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, for its ability to inhibit mast cell function and tumorigenesis in our mouse model of β cell neoplasia and in a well characterized LSLKRasG12D model of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here we compare and contrast the effects of long term treatment with PCI-32765 on mast cell degranulation, tumor growth and vasculature in both mouse models, establishing for the first time the therapeutic potential of mast cell inhibition by PCI-32765 in the treatment of insulinomas and other pancreatic cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 469. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-469
Abstract 4476: The effect of electrochemotherapy on metastatic potential of human melanoma cells SK-Mel28
Authors: Maja Cemazar, Vesna Todorovic, Vid Mlakar, Damjan Glavac, Gregor Sersa
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Electrochemotherapy is a local treatment, combining chemotherapy and application of electric pulses to the tumour. Electrochemotherapy with bleomycin or cisplatin has demonstrated its effectiveness in controlling local tumour growth in the treatment of malignant melanoma and is proposed as one of the treatment options for in-transit melanoma metastases in Europe. An important aspect of successful treatment is prevention of metastasis, however, it is known that metastasis can be induced by different treatment modalities. Alterations in tumour microenvironment caused by surgery or radiation therapy, can lead to increased formation of metastasis. Furthermore, formation of metastases can be directly linked to migratory potential of the cells. Although electrochemotherapy is now routinely used for treatment of various cancers in many cancer centres, the effect of electrochemotherapy on the metastatic potential of tumour cells is not known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of electrochemotherapy with bleomycin and cisplatin on the metastatic potential of human malignant melanoma cells. Human malignant melanoma cells SK-MEL 28 were treated by electrochemotherapy with a range of bleomycin concentrations from 0.01 nM to 1μM and cisplatin concentrations from 2 to 80 μg/mL. SK-MEL 28 cells that were viable 48 h after electrochemotherapy were tested for their metastatic potential by ability to migrate and invade through Matrigel coated porous membrane. In addition, cell adhesion and proliferation using MTS assay were also tested. Furthemore, RNA was isolated from the cells 16 h after each treatment and differentially expressed genes were investigated by microarray analysis to evaluate the effect of electrochemotherapy with bleomycin or cisplatin on expression of genes involved in the development of cancer. The Gene Ontology Tree Machine program was used for gene enrichment analysis. Migration and invasion of melanoma cells that survived 48h after electrochemotherapy with bleomycin or cisplatin were not changed compared to control untreated cells. Also, there were no changes observed in cell adhesion on Matrigel. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that a very low number of genes were differentially expressed after electrochemotherapy with either bleomycin or cisplatin. Specifically, the expression of metastasis promoting genes was not increased after electrochemotherapy. Our data suggest that electrochemotherapy with bleomycin or cisplatin does not increase metastatic behaviour of human melanoma cells, having important clinical implication for safe use in treatment of melanoma metastases. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4476. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4476