tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Final screening round of the NELSON lung cancer screening trial: the effect of a 2.5-year screening interval
Authors: Uraujh Yousaf-Khan, Carlijn van der Aalst, Pim A de Jong, Marjolein Heuvelmans, Ernst Scholten, Jan-Willem Lammers, Peter van Ooijen, Kristiaan Nackaerts, Carla Weenink, Harry Groen, Rozemarijn Vliegenthart, Kevin ten Haaf, Matthijs Oudkerk, Harry de Koning
Journal: Thorax (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> In the USA annual lung cancer screening is recommended. However, the optimal screening strategy (eg, screening interval, screening rounds) is unknown. This study provides results of the fourth screening round after a 2.5-year interval in the Dutch-Belgian Lung Cancer Screening trial (NELSON). <h3>Methods</h3> Europe9s largest, sufficiently powered randomised lung cancer screening trial was designed to determine whether low-dose CT screening reduces lung cancer mortality by ≥25% compared with no screening after 10 years of follow-up. The screening arm (n=7915) received screening at baseline, after 1 year, 2 years and 2.5 years. Performance of the NELSON screening strategy in the final fourth round was evaluated. Comparisons were made between lung cancers detected in the first three rounds, in the final round and during the 2.5-year interval. <h3>Results</h3> In round 4, 46 cancers were screen-detected and there were 28 interval cancers between the third and fourth screenings. Compared with the second round screening (1-year interval), in round 4 a higher proportion of stage IIIb/IV cancers (17.3% vs 6.8%, p=0.02) and higher proportions of squamous-cell, bronchoalveolar and small-cell carcinomas (p=0.001) were detected. Compared with a 2-year interval, the 2.5-year interval showed a higher non-significant stage distribution (stage IIIb/IV 17.3% vs 5.2%, p=0.10). Additionally, more interval cancers manifested in the 2.5-year interval than in the intervals of previous rounds (28 vs 5 and 28 vs 19). <h3>Conclusions</h3> A 2.5-year interval reduced the effect of screening: the interval cancer rate was higher compared with the 1-year and 2-year intervals, and proportion of advanced disease stage in the final round was higher compared with the previous rounds. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> ISRCTN63545820.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy as a primary treatment for malignant distal biliary obstruction: is it time for a randomized controlled study?
Authors: Mihai Rimbaș, Rastislav Kunda, Alberto Larghi
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

We read with great interest the article by Kawakubo et al. [1] reporting a retrospective comparative experience in performing endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS) vs. standard endoscopic transpapillary stenting (ETS) as a primary treatment for malignant distal biliary obstruction. Clinical success rates were comparable between the two groups, with a significantly shorter procedure duration and a significantly lower rate of pancreatitis in patients who underwent EUS-CDS compared with those undergoing ETS. The need for reintervention at 1 year was similar in the two groups. All these results prompted the authors to conclude that EUS-CDS could be considered as a first-line treatment for patients with malignant distal biliary obstruction.
Paget's disease of bone.
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Postgraduate education is also a large expense, especially as paid study leave is not available and child care expenses may also have to be met.Since April 1991 regional postgraduate deans have been given funds for postgraduate medical education for those on the scheme, and the amount allocated to each doctor varies across the regions but is usually inadequate to cover the required seven educational sessions.Since the inception of the postgraduate education allowance in 1990 for principals the cost of providing courses has risen rapidly.The need for continuing postgraduate education for a doctor on the retainer scheme is as great as that for any general practitioner.A mechanism must exist whereby the cost barrier can be overcome either by giving a free "pass" for educational activities, increasing the amounts payable by the postgraduate deans, or
Micro–adhesion rings surrounding TCR microclusters are essential for T cell activation
Authors: Akiko Hashimoto-Tane, Machie Sakuma, Hiroshi Ike, Tadashi Yokosuka, Yayoi Kimura, Osamu Ohara, Takashi Saito
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2016)

The immunological synapse (IS) formed at the interface between T cells and antigen-presenting cells represents a hallmark of initiation of acquired immunity. T cell activation is initiated at T cell receptor (TCR) microclusters (MCs), in which TCRs and signaling molecules assemble at the interface before IS formation. We found that each TCR-MC was transiently bordered by a ring structure made of integrin and focal adhesion molecules in the early phase of activation, which is similar in structure to the IS in microscale. The micro–adhesion ring is composed of LFA-1, focal adhesion molecules paxillin and Pyk2, and myosin II (MyoII) and is supported by F-actin core and MyoII activity through LFA-1 outside-in signals. The formation of the micro–adhesion ring was transient but especially sustained upon weak TCR stimulation to recruit linker for activation of T cells (LAT) and SLP76. Perturbation of the micro–adhesion ring induced impairment of TCR-MC development and resulted in impaired cellular signaling and cell functions. Thus, the synapse-like structure composed of the core TCR-MC and surrounding micro–adhesion ring is a critical structure for initial T cell activation through integrin outside-in signals.
Psychopathology in younger versus older persons with very mild and mild dementia of the Alzheimer type
Authors: E H Rubin, D A Kinscherf, J C Morris
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

The psychopathology associated with early-onset dementia of the Alzheimer type was investigated by comparing the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms in younger subjects (mean age = 59 years) who had very mild or mild dementia with that in older adults (mean age = 72) whose dementia was of equivalent severity.Nondemented comparison subjects and persons with very mild or mild dementia of the Alzheimer type were recruited to participate in longitudinal studies. All subjects met strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Information pertaining to personality changes, affective symptoms, and psychotic symptoms was included in the 90-minute semistructured, physician-administered interview, which was used to assign a clinical dementia rating according to published guidelines. The younger group were age 64 or younger and consisted of 20 nondemented subjects, 11 subjects with very mild dementia, and 18 subjects with mild dementia. The older group, described previously, were 64-83 years old and consisted of 83 nondemented subjects, 41 persons with very mild dementia, and 68 subjects with mild dementia.The psychopathology in the younger subjects was similar to that in the older group. Personality changes occurred in over 80% of the younger persons with very mild illness. Psychotic symptoms were present in over 40% of the younger persons with mild illness but were rare in the group with very mild dementia.Similar patterns of psychopathology in younger and more elderly persons with dementia of the Alzheimer type support the suggestion that these changes are direct effects of the illness on the CNS. Increased attention to documenting these noncognitive symptoms and studying various treatments is urgently needed.
Emergence de souches de Salmonella typhimurium DT 104 multirésistantes en République Tchèque
Authors: R Karpíšková, D Benes, D Dedicova
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1999)

En Republique Tcheque, pays d’Europe Centrale comptant pres de 10 millions d'habitants, les salmonelloses sont responsables de la plupart des infections d'origine alimentaire. Jusqu’en 1989, le nombre de cas rapportes chaque annee s'elevait a 10 000 environ, le nombre de cas de Salmonella enteritidis etant a peu pres egal a celui de S. typhimurium . Depuis 1989, les cas de salmonelloses humaines ont augmente rapidement. Au cours de la periode 1993-1997 le nombre de cas annuels rapporte a fluctue entre 39 862 et 54 554 correspondant a une incidence de 386 a 518 cas par 100 000 habitants, avec un pic en 1995. S. Enteritidis representait 95 % des cas contre 3% pour S. typhimurium.
Safety of using escalated doses of enoxaparin prophylaxis in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving asparaginase-based intensification therapy.
Authors: Hassan Abdulmaoula Sibai, Jack Toshimine Seki, Tian Wang, Lalit Saini, Andrew Stessman, Joseph Samuel, Naoko Sakurai, Andre C. Schuh, Karen W. L. Yee, Mark D Minden, Aaron David Schimmer, Vikas Gupta, Mohamed Shanavas, Joseph M. Brandwein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

141 Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a known complication in adults receiving asparaginase (ASNase) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We previously reported a 27.3% VTE rate in patients (pts) receiving a modified Dana Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI).We report updated results using two different dosing of enoxaparin as primary VTE prophylaxis. Methods: 62 pts ALL in complete remission, who were treated with a weekly ASNase-based DFCI intensification phase for at least 7 cycles (21 weeks) and received prophylaxis with enoxaparin targeted to 1 mg/kg subcutaneously (SC) daily (escalated dose group), were evaluated . Results were compared to a similar group of 41 patients who had received enoxaparin 40 mg for patients weighing less than 80 kg, and 60 mg for those 80 kg and above (low-dose group), and to a similar group of 99 pts previously treated with the same DFCI protocol without anticoagulation prophylaxis. Results: The actual mean dose of enoxaparin in the low-dose prophylaxis group was 0.62 mg/kg, as compared to 0.88 mg/kg in the escalated dose group. There were no major bleeding complications observed in the prophylaxis groups. The minor bleeding rate in the entire prophylaxis cohort was 4.8% (5/103), and was similar between the low-dose and escalated dosing groups. The VTE entire cohort that received prophylaxis was 20% (21/103). The VTE rates for all groups as shown in the table. Conclusions: Overall use of prophylactic enoxaparin during intensification in adults with ALL receiving ASNase was safe; escalating the enoxaparin dose to 1 mg/kg, did not increase the number of bleeding events. There was a trend toward a lower rate of VTE using dose-escalated enoxaparin, particularly in patients weighing &lt; 80 kg. [Table: see text]
The Psychological Aspects of Pediatric Practice
Authors: J E Jeffress
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
European Perspectives
Authors: Omar Msalam
Journal: Circulation (2007)

T he Libyan Cardiac Society is experiencing exciting times."Building up research work, launching a medical journal, and working with the government to improve the availability of services and the development of training are just some of the activities it is currently involved in," says Dr Omar Msalam.Established in 2001, the society became a member of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) in 2004.It currently has 159 members, including cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, paediatric cardiologists, and peripheral vascular disease surgeons (Figure 1).The society has 10 different scientific working groups, with plans underway to start a Libyan heart journal."Decreasing the burden of cardiovascular disease in the Libyan population is the society's overall aim," says Dr Msalam."Specific objectives include contributing to scientific research in cardiovascular disease, keeping in touch with the latest information and guidelines, holding conferences and symposia, and cooperating with international boards and societies like the ESC."The society will hold its fourth annual meeting in Benghazi from March 21 to 23, 2008.Although a big country (Figure 2), Libya has a relatively small population.In 2006, it had a population of 5.3 million people.Up until the 1970s, valvular disease attributable to rheumatic fever was the most common cardiovascular disease."Now this disease has decreased through the availability of a better health service in the country," says Dr Msalam."Unfortunately, hypertension and ischaemic heart disease are now the main health problems.We have a lot of cases."Diet, lack of physical activity, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension represent the main culprits.Describing the health service, Dr Msalam says, "Up to now, Libyan patients have all health expenses covered completely by the government.That includes operations, investigations, and prescriptions for medicines."Patients can also go to the private sector if they wish.
Increased incidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in Finland, 2010–2011
Authors: A Polkowska, A Harjunpää, S Toikkanen, M Lappalainen, R Vuento, T Vuorinen, J Kauppinen, H Flinck, O Lyytikäinen
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

The number of cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection detected by laboratory-based surveillance increased in Finland in late 2010. During 2011, the number of cases was four times higher than during the previous epidemic in 2005. The 2011 epidemic affected mostly school-age children. The increased number of cases was probably not due to changes in laboratory procedures, but public interest may have had an effect, since the number of Google queries followed closely the epidemic curve.
HDAC9 Expression Is Deregulated in Malignant B-Cell Lymphomas in Particular in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma and Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Elena Cubedo, Veronica Sylvina Gil, Chae Hwa Kim, German Campuzano-Zuluaga, Nitin Kumar Agarwal, Louise Howell, Kevin R. Petrie, Francisco Vega, Arthur Zelent
Journal: Blood (2014)
<i>Frog Pond</i>
Authors: Carrie A. Butt
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Media coverage of statins may have led to 2000 cardiovascular events
Authors: Mark Galliver
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Over 200 000 patients may have stopped taking statins because of media reports of side effects, leading to 2000 extra cardiovascular events within 10 years, research in The BMJ warns this week.1

The study used prospectively collected data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink study to calculate how many patients had started or stopped taking statins after the intense media coverage of the drug’s side effects from October 2013 to March 2014.

“Our findings suggest that widespread coverage of health stories in the mainstream media can have an important, real world impact on the behaviour of patients and doctors,” said Liam Smeeth, of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and one of the study’s authors, at a press …
Morphologic Changes in the Organs of Female C3H Mice after Long-Term Ingestion of Thiourea and Thiouracil&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A. J. Dalton, Harold P. Morris, Celia S. Dubnik
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1948)

Morphologic Changes in the Organs of Female C3H Mice after Long-Term Ingestion of Thiourea and Thiouracil Get access A. J. Dalton, A. J. Dalton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Harold P. Morris, Harold P. Morris Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Celia S. Dubnik Celia S. Dubnik National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 9, Issue 3, December 1948, Pages 201–223, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/9.3.201 Published: 01 December 1948 Article history Received: 07 October 1947 Published: 01 December 1948
Association of Cardiometabolic Genes with Arsenic Metabolism Biomarkers in American Indian Communities: The Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS)
Authors: Poojitha Balakrishnan, Dhananjay Vaidya, Nora Franceschini, V. Saroja Voruganti, Matthew O. Gribble, Karin Haack, Sandra Laston, Jason G. Umans, Kevin A. Francesconi, Walter Goessler, Kari E. North, Elisa Lee, Joseph Yracheta, Lyle G. Best, Jean W. MacCluer, Jack Kent, Shelley A. Cole, Ana Navas-Acien
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Background:Metabolism of inorganic arsenic (iAs) is subject to inter-individual variability, which is explained partly by genetic determinants.Objectives:We investigated the association of genetic variants with arsenic species and principal components of arsenic species in the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS).Methods:We examined variants previously associated with cardiometabolic traits (~ 200,000 from Illumina Cardio MetaboChip) or arsenic metabolism and toxicity (670) among 2,428 American Indian participants in the SHFS. Urine arsenic species were measured by high performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS), and percent arsenic species [iAs, monomethylarsonate (MMA), and dimethylarsinate (DMA), divided by their sum × 100] were logit transformed. We created two orthogonal principal components that summarized iAs, MMA, and DMA and were also phenotypes for genetic analyses. Linear regression was performed for each phenotype, dependent on allele dosage of the variant. Models accounted for familial relatedness and were adjusted for age, sex, total arsenic levels, and population stratification. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations were stratified by study site and were meta-analyzed. Bonferroni correction was used to account for multiple testing.Results:Variants at 10q24 were statistically significant for all percent arsenic species and principal components of arsenic species. The index SNP for iAs%, MMA%, and DMA% (rs12768205) and for the principal components (rs3740394, rs3740393) were located near AS3MT, whose gene product catalyzes methylation of iAs to MMA and DMA. Among the candidate arsenic variant associations, functional SNPs in AS3MT and 10q24 were most significant (p < 9.33 × 10–5).Conclusions:This hypothesis-driven association study supports the role of common variants in arsenic metabolism, particularly AS3MT and 10q24.Citation:Balakrishnan P, Vaidya D, Franceschini N, Voruganti VS, Gribble MO, Haack K, Laston S, Umans JG, Francesconi KA, Goessler W, North KE, Lee E, Yracheta J, Best LG, MacCluer JW, Kent J Jr., Cole SA, Navas-Acien A. 2017. Association of cardiometabolic genes with arsenic metabolism biomarkers in American Indian communities: the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS). Environ Health Perspect 125:15–22; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP251
Development of antibody-siRNA conjugate targeted to cardiac and skeletal muscles
Authors: Tsukasa Sugo, Michiko Terada, Tatsuo Oikawa, Kenichi Miyata, Satoshi Nishimura, Eriya Kenjo, Mari Ogasawara-Shimizu, Yukimasa Makita, Sachiko Imaichi, Shumpei Murata, Kentaro Otake, Kuniko Kikuchi, Mika Teratani, Yasushi Masuda, Takayuki Kamei, Shuichi Takagahara, Shota Ikeda, Tetsuya Ohtaki, Hirokazu Matsumoto
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2016)
Surveillance of hospitalised patients with influenza-like illness during pandemic influenza A(H1N1) season in Sicily, April 2009 – December 2010
Authors: F Tramuto, C M Maida, F Bonura, A M Perna, S Puzelli, M A De Marco, I Donatelli, L Aprea, A Firenze, A Arcadipane, U Palazzo, F Vitale
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

This paper describes the epidemiology of hospitalised cases with influenza-like illness (ILI) and laboratory-confirmed influenza A cases in Sicily (Italy) during the 2009 influenza pandemic. The first ILI case diagnosed as infected with pandemic influenza A(H1N1)2009 in Sicily was reported in June 2009 and it rapidly became the dominant circulating strain. In the period from 30 April 2009 through 31 December 2010, a total of 2,636 people in Sicily were hospitalised for ILI and 1,193 were laboratory-confirmed for influenza A. Basic demographic and clinical information for all hospitalised patients was collected and population mortality rates (PMRs) and case fatality ratios (CFRs) were calculated. The median age of hospitalised patients infected with pandemic influenza A(H1N1)2009 was significantly lower than that of hospitalised ILI cases in general (18.0 vs. 32.1 years; p<0.0001). Among adults, women were more susceptible than men. The majority of clinical presentations were mild, but 6.6% of hospitalised patients required admission to an intensive care unit, of whom 26.3% had confirmed influenza A. Twenty-four fatal cases were documented. The age group of 45–54 year-olds showed the highest PMRs once hospitalised, while CFRs were higher in elderly patients of 65 years and older. All fatal cases were confirmed as influenza A(H1N1)2009 and most of them had established risk factors for influenza complications.