tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Personalized Prediction of Psychosis: External Validation of the NAPLS-2 Psychosis Risk Calculator With the EDIPPP Project
Authors: Ricardo E. Carrión, Barbara A. Cornblatt, Cynthia Z. Burton, Ivy F. Tso, Andrea M. Auther, Steven Adelsheim, Roderick Calkins, Cameron S. Carter, Tara Niendam, Tamara G. Sale, Stephan F. Taylor, William R. McFarlane
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2016)

As part of the second phase of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS-2), Cannon and colleagues report, concurrently with the present article, on a risk calculator for the individualized prediction of a psychotic disorder in a 2-year period. The present study represents an external validation of the NAPLS-2 psychosis risk calculator using an independent sample of patients at clinical high risk for psychosis collected as part of the Early Detection, Intervention, and Prevention of Psychosis Program (EDIPPP).Of the total EDIPPP sample of 210 subjects rated as being at clinical high risk based on the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes, 176 had at least one follow-up assessment and were included in the construction of a new prediction model with six predictor variables in the NAPLS-2 psychosis risk calculator (unusual thoughts and suspiciousness, symbol coding test performance, verbal learning test performance, decline in social functioning, baseline age, and family history). Discrimination performance was assessed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The NAPLS-2 risk calculator was then used to generate a psychosis risk estimate for each case in the external validation sample.The external validation model showed good discrimination, with an AUC of 0.790 (95% CI=0.644-0.937). In addition, the personalized risk generated by the risk calculator provided a solid estimation of the actual conversion outcome in the validation sample.Two independent samples of clinical high-risk patients converge to validate the NAPLS-2 psychosis risk calculator. This prediction calculator represents a meaningful step toward early intervention and the personalized treatment of psychotic disorders.
Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting: the GATHER statement
Authors: Gretchen A Stevens, Leontine Alkema, Robert E Black, J Ties Boerma, Gary S Collins, Majid Ezzati, John T Grove, Daniel R Hogan, Margaret C Hogan, Richard Horton, Joy E Lawn, Ana Marušić, Colin D Mathers, Christopher J L Murray, Igor Rudan, Joshua A Salomon, Paul J Simpson, Theo Vos, Vivian Welch
Journal: The Lancet (2016)

Measurements of health indicators are rarely available for every population and period of interest, and available data may not be comparable. The Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER) define best reporting practices for studies that calculate health estimates for multiple populations (in time or space) using multiple information sources. Health estimates that fall within the scope of GATHER include all quantitative population-level estimates (including global, regional, national, or subnational estimates) of health indicators, including indicators of health status, incidence and prevalence of diseases, injuries, and disability and functioning; and indicators of health determinants, including health behaviours and health exposures. GATHER comprises a checklist of 18 items that are essential for best reporting practice. A more detailed explanation and elaboration document, describing the interpretation and rationale of each reporting item along with examples of good reporting, is available on the GATHER website.
Comparison of the Relative Effectiveness of Folic Acid Congeners Against Advanced Leukemia in Mice
Authors: Goldin, Abraham, Venditti, John M., Humphreys, Stewart R., Mantel, Nathan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1957)

Journal Article Comparison of the Relative Effectiveness of Folic Acid Congeners Against Advanced Leukemia in Mice Get access Abraham Goldin, Abraham Goldin Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, and Biometry Branch, National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John M. Venditti, John M. Venditti Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, and Biometry Branch, National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stewart R. Humphreys, Stewart R. Humphreys Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, and Biometry Branch, National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nathan Mantel Nathan Mantel Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, and Biometry Branch, National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 19, Issue 6, December 1957, Pages 1133–1135, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/19.6.1133 Published: 01 December 1957 Article history Received: 04 June 1957 Revision received: 20 August 1957 Published: 01 December 1957
Case 29-1970
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. McNeely, William E. Strole, John B. Blennerhassett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Presentation of CaseA 62-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of severe diarrhea and weight loss.He had been well until six years previously, when he entered another hospital because of the abrupt onset of abdominal pain and diarrhea. Laparotomy revealed a retroileal abscess with peritonitis, believed to have resulted from appendicitis with perforation, and there was partial obstruction of the distal portion of the small intestine; the abscess cavity was drained, and an obstructing band was lysed. Intestinal obstruction recurred 20 days later, and at a second laparotomy another obstructing band was removed from the distal portion . . .
Abortion requests increase in Latin America after Zika warning, figures show
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Requests for abortions from women in Latin American countries increased dramatically after the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) issued an alert on Zika virus in November 2015, an analysis has shown.1

In response to the alert, several countries issued health warnings that advised women to avoid pregnancy. Abortion is illegal or very restricted in most Latin American countries but the nonprofit organization Women on Web (www.womenonweb.org) provides access to …
Rituximab In Combination with High-Dose Dexamethasone: An Effective Treatment Option for Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Michael Doubek, Martin Simkovic, Anna Panovska, Monika Hrudkova, David Belada, Yvona Brychtova, Jiri Mayer, Lukas Smolej
Journal: Blood (2010)
NEJM Resident 360
Authors: Andrea Merrill, Alexander M. Djuricich, Jeffrey M. Drazen, Karen Buckley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

It is 2:00 a.m. in the intensive care unit, and Mr. Jones is admitted with fever and respiratory failure. You are a first-year resident in your second month of training, and your attending is in a difficult situation with another patient. One of the nurses turns expectantly toward you for instructions on how to deal with your patient, who is fighting the ventilator. Learning to practice medicine can be both scary and thrilling. Developing the skills and building on the knowledge required to practice independently is an intimidating process with a steep learning curve. Residency differs from medical school in . . .
Efficacy and safety of non-immersive virtual reality exercising in stroke rehabilitation (EVREST): a randomised, multicentre, single-blind, controlled trial
Authors: Gustavo Saposnik, Leonardo G Cohen, Muhammad Mamdani, Sepideth Pooyania, Michelle Ploughman, Donna Cheung, Jennifer Shaw, Judith Hall, Peter Nord, Sean Dukelow, Yongchai Nilanont, Felipe De los Rios, Lisandro Olmos, Mindy Levin, Robert Teasell, Ashley Cohen, Kevin Thorpe, Andreas Laupacis, Mark Bayley
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2016)
PD5-2-2: Impact of mediastinal nodal mobility on the accuracy of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) without real-time imaging
Authors: Anna H. Piet, Frank J. Lagerwaard, Peter W. Kunst, John R. van Sörnsen de Koste, Ben J. Slotman, Suresh Senan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
The role of the BK channel in potassium homeostasis and flow-induced renal potassium excretion. Commentaries
Authors: S. C. Sansom, P. A. Welling, T. Rieg, V. Vallon, M. Sausbier, U. Sausbier, B. Kaissling, P. Ruth, H. Osswald
Journal: Kidney International (2007)
P-220 Clinical evaluation of intensity-modulated radiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Y. Goto, A. Nakamura, T. Kishi, K. Sakanaka, S. Itasaka, K. Shibuya, S. Matsumoto, Y. Kodama, K. Takaori, T. Mizowaki, M. Hiraoka
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Y155H amino acid substitution in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses does not confer a phenotype of reduced susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors
Authors: U Perez-Sautu, F Pozo, I Cuesta, S Monzon, A Calderon, M Gonzalez, M Molinero, I Lopez-Miragaya, S Rey, A Cañizares, G Rodriguez, C Gonzalez-Velasco, A Lackenby, I Casas
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

The Y155H amino acid substitution in the neuraminidase gene (NA) has previously been associated with highly reduced inhibition by neuraminidase inhibitors in the seasonal H1N1 influenza A virus which circulated in humans before the 2009 pandemic. During the 2012/13 epidemic season in Spain, two A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses bearing the specific Y155H substitution in the NA were detected and isolated from two patients diagnosed with severe respiratory syndrome and pneumonia requiring admission to the intensive care unit. Contrary to what was observed in the seasonal A(H1N1) viruses, neither of the Y155H A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses described here showed a phenotype of reduced inhibition by NAIs as determined by the neuraminidase enzyme inhibition assay (MUNANA). High-throughput sequencing of the NA of both Y155H viruses showed that they were composed to &gt;99% of H155 variants. We believe that this report can contribute to a better understanding of the biological significance of amino acid substitutions in the neuraminidase protein with regard to susceptibility of influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors. This is of critical importance for optimal management of influenza disease patients.
A phase 1b study of the anti-cancer stem cell agent demcizumab (DEM) and gemcitabine (GEM) +/- nab-paclitaxel in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Authors: Manuel Hidalgo, Prasad Cooray, Alfredo Carrato, Michael B. Jameson, Francis Parnis, Mark Jeffery, Peter S. Grimison, Robert J. Stagg, Eric Holmgren, Ann M. Kapoun, Jakob Dupont, Niall C. Tebbutt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

341 Background: Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) activates the Notch pathway. DEM is a humanized anti-DLL4 antibody that inhibits tumor growth &amp; decreases cancer stem cell frequency in human tumor xenograft models. DEM also has an antiangiogenic effect &amp; synergistic activity when combined with GEM &amp; nab-paclitaxel in pt derived xenograft models of pancreatic cancer. Methods: Pts with 1 st line pancreatic cancer were enrolled. Pts in cohorts 1-3 received DEM (2.5 every 2 or 4 wks or 5 mg/kg every 4 wks including 3 truncated pts) &amp; GEM 1000 mg/m 2 7 of 8 wks, then 3 of 4 wks. Pts in cohorts 4, 5, 6 &amp; 7 received truncated DEM (2.5, 3.5 or 5 mg/kg every 2 wks through Day 70) &amp; nab-paclitaxel 125 mg/m 2 + gemcitabine 1000 mg/m 2 3 of 4 wks. The primary objective was to determine the MTD. Other objectives were safety, efficacy, immunogenicity, PK &amp; biomarkers. Results: Fifty-six pts were enrolled; 8, 8, 8, 6, 8, 9 &amp; 9 pts received 2.5 mg/kg every 2 wks, 2.5 mg/kg every 4 wks, 5 mg/kg every 4 wks, 2.5 mg/kg every 2 wks (truncated), 5 mg/kg every 2 wks (truncated), 3.5 mg/kg every 2 wks (truncated) &amp; 3.5 mg/kg every 2 wks (truncated), respectively. Related AEs in &gt; 20% of pts were fatigue (36%), nausea (32%), vomiting (23%), hypertension (21%) &amp; diarrhea (20%). Hypertension was managed with anti-hypertensives. Increased BNP is an early indicator of the cardiac effects of DEM &amp; mildly elevated values were used to initiate a cardioprotective ACE inhibitor or carvedilol. Two pts who received DEM continuously developed reversible pulmonary hypertension &amp; 1 of these pts developed heart failure. As a result, DEM was limited to 70 days in cohorts 4, 5, 6 &amp; 7. In cohorts 1-3, 4 of 16 (25%) pts had a PR. In cohorts 4, 5, 6 &amp; 7, 14 of 28 (50%) pts had a PR &amp; 11 had SD. The truncated DEM pts had a median PFS of 9.0 mos (95% CI: 3.7 mos-NR) &amp; a median survival of 10.1 mos (95% CI: 6.5-16.2 mos), respectively. Conclusions: This therapy was generally well tolerated with fatigue, nausea &amp; vomiting being the most common related AEs. Truncated DEM dosing (i.e., limited to 70 days) avoided clinically significant cardiopulmonary toxicity. Encouraging clinical activity was observed. Biomarker analysis showed modulation of the Notch pathway. Final data will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT01189929.
Hand–foot syndrome (HFS) as a potential biomarker of efficacy in patients (pts) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with sunitinib (SU).
Authors: M. D. Michaelson, D. P. Cohen, S. Li, R. J. Motzer, B. Escudier, C. H. Barrios, P. E. Burnett, I. Puzanov
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

320 Background: HFS and related skin toxicities are common side effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as SU, a multitargeted inhibitor of VEGF and PDGF receptors plus other receptor tyrosine kinases. In a randomized phase III trial of treatment-naïve mRCC pts, SU showed superior progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) over interferon-alfa, with a median PFS of 11 mo and median overall survival (OS) of 26.4 mo, establishing SU as a reference standard of care (Motzer et al, 2009). In this retrospective analysis, correlations between SU-associated HFS and efficacy endpoints were investigated in mRCC pts from 5 clinical trials in the first- and second-line treatment settings. Methods: Analyses included pooled data from 770 pts who received single-agent SU as 50 mg/d on a 4-week-on/2-week-off schedule (n=544; 71%) or 37.5 mg continuous once-daily dosing (n=226; 29%). Median PFS and OS were estimated by Kaplan–Meier methods and compared between pts with vs without HFS using a log-rank test. ORR was compared by Pearson's chi-square test. Tumor response was assessed by investigators and adverse events were recorded regularly. Multivariate and time-dependent covariate analyses were performed. Results: Of 770 pts, 179 (23%) developed any-grade HFS, compared with 591 (77%) who did not. Most instances of HFS (63%) initially occurred during the first 3 treatment cycles. Pts who developed HFS had significantly better ORR (55.6% vs. 32.7%), PFS (14.3 vs. 8.3 mo), and OS (38.3 vs. 18.9 mo) than pts who did not develop HFS (p&lt;0.0001). In a multivariate analysis, SU-associated HFS remained a significant independent predictor of both PFS and OS (and of OS by time-dependent covariate analysis). Conclusions: In mRCC pts, SU-associated HFS was significantly and independently associated with improved clinical outcomes. Overall, pts who did not develop HFS still had substantial benefit from SU. However, the presence of HFS identified a subset of pts that manifested highly favorable efficacy results with SU. These findings suggest that development of HFS may serve as a predictive biomarker of SU efficacy, although prospective validation is warranted. [Table: see text]
Clinical evaluation of local hyperthermia at 44 °C for molluscum contagiosum: pilot study with 21 patients
Authors: Y.-L. Gao, X.-H. Gao, R.-Q. Qi, J.-L. Xu, W. Huo, J. Tang, Y. Ren, S. Zheng, Y.-X. Hong, B. Song, H.-D. Chen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common cutaneous viral infection caused by Molluscipoxvirus and featured by single or multiple pearly, usually umbilicated papular lesions on the surface of skin or mucosa. The benign infection is highly contagious and primarily affects pre-adolescent children and young, sexually active adults.1 According to a recent cohort study, the mean time to resolution was 13.3 months in children in the UK, while some continued to progress for more than 24 months;2 however, the natural course of the disease in adult patients remains elusive.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Physiology of Adolescence
Authors: Felix P. Heald, Mary Daugela, Philip Brunschuyler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

(Continued)*NutritionEnergy IntakeA committee on nutrition surveyed the literature for the White House Conference of 193049 and concluded that the information on caloric intake, particularly during adolescence, is meager. It also stressed that studies in general had not assessed the contribution of physical activity to total energy needs. Since 1930 additional data have clarified energy consumption in adolescence. The studies in general fail to relate caloric intake to physiologic maturation but tend to group data by age groups — that is, ten to twelve, twelve to fourteen and so forth. Such age grouping will obliterate changes related to . . .
Case 12-1979
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Bernard R. Aserkoff, James J. Galdabini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Presentation of CaseAn 85-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of vomiting and dizziness.He was well until six months previously, when polyarthritis developed, and hyperuricemia was detected. Colchicine was administered, without benefit, and indomethacin was substituted. During the several months before entry he lost nearly 20 kg in weight. Two weeks before admission watery diarrhea developed, and he complained of vague discomfort in the lower portion of the abdomen. On the day of admission he vomited and felt dizzy. He was brought to the hospital.There was a history of myocardial infarction. The patient denied previous diarrhea, . . .
Neuroendocrine tumors in children and young adults: Incidence, survival, and prevalence in the United States
Authors: M. S. O'Dorisio, P. Navalkele, T. M. O'Dorisio, C. F. Lynch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e22120 Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) arising from the diffuse endocrine system are thought to be quite rare in children and young adults. However, a surprising number of young people have been referred to our neuroendocrine tumor clinic and the NCI has targeted NET as a high priority for development of new diagnostic and therapeutic options. This analysis of the SEER database was undertaken to determine the incidence, prevalence, and survival of NET in young people. Their incidence, prevalence, and survival were compared with neuroblastoma, a related pediatric malignancy arising in the neural crest. Methods: The SEER data were obtained from 9 standard SEER registries for the diagnosis years of 1975 to 2004 using SEER*Stat version 6.4.4. ICD-9 codes related to neuroendocrine tumors and to neuroblastoma were characterized as to patient age, gender, racial and ethnic background, stage, grade, histology, incidence, survival, and prevalence. Results: Neuroendocrine tumors occur more often in females among children and young adults with the most common sites being bronchial, ovarian, and breast. The overall incidence of neuroendocrine tumors was lower than for neuroblastoma in the age range 0–30 years. However, the 30 year limited prevalence of neuroendocrine tumors in the 9 SEER registries was 698 compared to 881 for neuroblastoma. This extrapolated to over 7000 children and young adults with neuroendocrine tumors across the United States. Survival rate of young people with neuroendocrine tumors declined from 84% in 1975–1986 to 80% in the 1987–2004 era. Conclusions: These results indicate that neuroendocrine tumors constitute an unrecognized cancer threat to children and young adults. Survival of children and young adults with neuroendocrine tumors has decreased over the past 30 years in the United States. We recommend the establishment of centers of care for children and young adults diagnosed with neuroendocrine tumors with the expectation that earlier diagnosis coupled with targeted therapies will decrease the incidence of metastatic disease and improve survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Ultrastructural Characterization of a New Human B Lymphotropic DNA Virus (Human Herpesvirus 6) Isolated From Patients With Lymphoproliferative Disease
Authors: P Biberfeld, B Kramarsky, S Z Salahuddin, R C Gallo
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

A new DNA virus, designated "human B lymphotropic virus" or "human herpesvirus 6" (HBLV), has been isolated from the peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with various lymphoproliferative disorders, in some instances also associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. HBLV, propagated in vitro in human cord blood lymphocytes, was found to be ultrastructurally similar to members of the herpesvirus family. It is an enveloped virus with an icosahedral nucleocapsid made up of 162 capsomeres. Unenveloped nucleocapsids in the cytoplasm wee always coated with a tegument, a feature also described for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). However, the nucleoprotein core of HBLV does not have the beaded appearance as that of HCMV, nor do HBLV-infected cells contain the skein-like structure. Immune electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of specific antibodies to viral envelope and internal antigens in sera of infected patients, indicating that this virus is a possible human pathogen. These and previously reported characteristics are consistent with the HBLV being a new and unique DNA virus morphologically belonging to the herpesvirus family.
Case 17-1987
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Ashby C. Moncure, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 38-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a right pleural effusion.She was well until 17 years earlier, when right cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy was found. Microscopical examination of a biopsy specimen of a lymph node, obtained elsewhere, was reported to show undifferentiated carcinoma; the appearance of the cells was believed consistent with melanoma, undifferentiated bronchial carcinoma, or embryonal carcinoma. An x-ray film of the chest was reported to show a mass in the right hemithorax. Radiation treatment was administered in a total tumor dose of 4000 rad through a single . . .
Genomic analysis of local variation and recent evolution in Plasmodium vivax
Authors: Richard D Pearson, Roberto Amato, Sarah Auburn, Olivo Miotto, Jacob Almagro-Garcia, Chanaki Amaratunga, Seila Suon, Sivanna Mao, Rintis Noviyanti, Hidayat Trimarsanto, Jutta Marfurt, Nicholas M Anstey, Timothy William, Maciej F Boni, Christiane Dolecek, Hien Tinh Tran, Nicholas J White, Pascal Michon, Peter Siba, Livingstone Tavul, Gabrielle Harrison, Alyssa Barry, Ivo Mueller, Marcelo U Ferreira, Nadira Karunaweera, Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia, Qi Gao, Christina Hubbart, Lee Hart, Ben Jeffery, Eleanor Drury, Daniel Mead, Mihir Kekre, Susana Campino, Magnus Manske, Victoria J Cornelius, Bronwyn MacInnis, Kirk A Rockett, Alistair Miles, Julian C Rayner, Rick M Fairhurst, Francois Nosten, Ric N Price, Dominic P Kwiatkowski
Journal: Nature Genetics (2016)