tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Superiority of Demeclocycline over Lithium in the Treatment of Chronic Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone
Authors: John N. Forrest, Malcolm Cox, Cornelio Hong, Gail Morrison, Margaret Bia, Irwin Singer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

We evaluated demeclocycline and lithium therapy in 10 patients with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Despite severe water restriction, all patients had hyponatremia (mean +/- S.E.M. serum sodium of 122 +/- 1.1 meq per liter) and elevated urine osmolality (744 +/- 59 mOsm per kilogram) before treatment. Demeclocycline (600 to 1200 mg daily) restored serum sodium concentration to 139 +/- 1.1 meq per liter within five to 14 days, permitting unrestricted water intake in all patients. In three patients given lithium carbonate (900 mg daily) the serum sodium concentration, urine osmolality and urine volume were unchanged; since two patients had adverse central-nervous-system symptoms during lithium therapy, further study of this agent was abandoned. A patient with an unusual 22-year history of the syndrome was unresponsive to lithium, whereas long-term treatment with demeclocyline was markedly effective. Demeclocycline is superior to lithium in the treatment of the syndrome and may obviate the need for severe water restriction.
Neurology—the next 10 years
Authors: Ralf Baron, Donna M. Ferriero, Giovanni B. Frisoni, Chetan Bettegowda, Ziya L. Gokaslan, John A. Kessler, Annamaria Vezzani, Stephen G. Waxman, Sven Jarius, Brigitte Wildemann, Michael Weller
Journal: Nature Reviews Neurology (2015)
Apparent and Inapparent Attack Rates for St. Louis Encephalitis in a Selected Population
Authors: Jacob A. Brody, Kenneth F. Burns, George Browning, Joseph D. Schattner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

DOURING the summer of 1957 a large epidemic of St. Louis encephalitis occurred in Cameron County, Texas. Located within the epidemic area was the Harlingen Air Force Base, with its complement of some 3900 men. The excellent medical facilities on the Base facilitated a thorough screening of clinical cases, and the accessibility of the controlled population permitted serologic surveys to be performed. With these factors in mind, a study was undertaken to establish the rates of apparent and inapparent infections in this population. The results of the investigation are presented below, and a description of the entire outbreak is being . . .
Economics is all over the map
Authors: Don Ross
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Bentley et al. say that economics is the science of their map's northwest quadrant, where choice is individual and transparent. This accepts the picture of the discipline common among behavioral economists who aim to drag economics southward but not eastward. In fact, leading economics journals regularly publish models located in all four quadrants, and the prominence of work from the eastern zone is increasing.
Case 65-1962
Authors: Briant L. Decker, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

Presentation of CaseA sixty-three-year-old man entered the hospital because of pain in the flank.For twenty years he had experienced many episodes of steady pain in the left flank and back at the level of the second and third lumbar vertebras, with radiation anteriorly into the lower portion of the abdomen and upward to the left lower rib margin. The attacks were related to physical exertion and change of position and were always relieved by lying down. Five days before admission unusually severe, burning flank pain developed after strenuous physical exertion and radiated to the chest and to the . . .
Abstract 4823: Single cell analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells isolated from primary tumors and matched metastases
Authors: Karl C. Sproll, Bianca Behrens, Andrea Hollinger, Stephan E. Baldus, Norbert R. Kübler, Wolfram T. Knoefel, Ruud H. Brakenhoff, Nikolas H. Stoecklein
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Genetic heterogeneity is a hallmark of cancer and significant evolution occurs locally and at metastatic sites with disease progression. This heterogeneity might contribute significantly to therapy resistance. Since systematic in depth analyses are lacking in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), we established and tested a protocol that enables comprehensive single cell analyses of cancer cells from primary tumors and metastasis. Material and Methods: From matched primary tumors and lymph node metastases of two HNSCC patients, single cell suspensions were generated and sedimented on positively charged glass slides at low density. Epithelial tumor cells were identified with double-immunofluorescence staining for CD44v6 and CK5/14. Twelve to 14 double-positive cells were isolated via micromanipulation from each tumor and an adapter-linker PCR was used for whole genome amplification of single cells. Sequencing of TP53 was performed on genomic DNA from primary tumors as well on single cell amplification products. An allele-drop-out experiment was performed to control for artificial allelic loss. Fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization (FISH) was used to determine the copy number of chromosome 17 and TP53-gene loci, respectively. Results: Two different heterozygous TP53 mutations were detected in both cases. On the single cell level, we observed an unexpected variation of wild-types, heterozygous mutations and homozygous mutations on the investigated mutation sites. This mutational distribution was significantly different from the allele-drop-out experiment (drop-out rate: 8%). In one we found an expansion of mutated clones in metastasis, and in the other patient a transmission of the genetic changes between the primary tumor and the lymph node metastasis. Interestingly, our preliminary data indicate a polyclonal origin of the metastasis. Conclusion: Our protocol is feasible to study comprehensively genetic heterogeneity between primary tumors and metastases on a single-cell level. The single cell amplification products tested for TP53 mutations can be used for several other genetic studies, including genome-wide methods such as CGH. Our initial data revealed an unexpected intratumoral genetic heterogeneity in primaries and metastases of HNSCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4823. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4823
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Cardiac Surgery — Ineffective and Risky?
Authors: Michael Zaugg, Eliana Lucchinetti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Every year millions of patients undergo cardiac surgery, which may be associated with short- and long-term cardiovascular complications in as many as 20% of patients. Although the perioperative care of patients undergoing cardiac surgery has become highly sophisticated and is facilitated by the availability of guidelines, there is ample room to improve clinical outcomes. However, the search for a magic bullet — a cardioprotective strategy that could be successfully administered in addition to the current standard treatment to provide additional benefits — is tantalizing but frustrating, as evidenced by the negative results of two trials of remote ischemic preconditioning in . . .
SP0150 MRI for Imaging of Structural Damage of Sacroiliac Joints – How Does it Compare to X-Ray and CT?
Authors: T. Diekhoff
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3></h3> Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is part of the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) criteria for diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis. Although the strength of MRI in detecting acute and active inflammation of the sacroiliac joints is uncontested, there is a controversy over its benefit in detecting structural changes. Thus, conventional X-ray (CR) is still a necessary imaging modality for the sacroiliac joints. It is attributed with a higher sensitivity in detecting erosions, sclerosis and ankylosis. However, plain film projection radiography has not the possibilities of tomography. Therefore, some changes might be hidden by overlapping of other structures: bowel gas for example might imitate erosions. Here the advantages of computed tomography (CT) are quite clear. It is not affected by those difficulties and on the other hand is capable to visualise the chronic changes. However, CT is not part of the standard diagnostic algorithm due to the additional radiation exposure. Nevertheless it is now possible to reduce the exposure in with multidetector CT devices and new software, so that the radiation dose applied is comparable to CR. Secondly, innovative developments of MR pulse sequences are opening up the opportunity to get a high-resolution anatomical overview without any ionising radiation. Therefore, applying these new developments, MRI is capable of combining the detection of even small erosions with its possibilities in finding active inflammation and joint changes. This lecture will summarize the current evidence for the application of MRI to depict structural damage. Furthermore, we will present the structural findings described above and will outline important differential diagnoses like triangular hyperostosis and osteoarthritis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
The Media and Cancer Reporters Feel Stories Are a Public Service
Authors: C. D. Hallett
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article The Media and Cancer Reporters Feel Stories Are a Public Service Get access Cynthia D. Hallett Cynthia D. Hallett Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 18, 20 September 1989, Pages 1356–1357, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.18.1356 Published: 20 September 1989
Disaster Planning and Response
Authors: J F Waeckerle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Disasters are tragedies that overwhelm our communities, destroy our property, and harm our populations. The United Nations General Assembly, recognizing the magnitude of the problem, has declared the 1990s the International Decade of Natural Disaster Reduction and has called for a worldwide effort to reduce the loss of life and property. The involvement of the medical community in this effort is crucial.Disasters are the results of natural or man-made events and are routinely described in terms of certain characteristics (Table 1).1 2 3 Yet each is unique, each is of extreme urgency, and each places a tremendous burden on the community . . .
P57 The awareness, perceptions and attitudes among migrants towards TB screening
Authors: Y. Y. S. Ho, D. Nazareth, J. Gallagher, S. Kazmi, P. D. O. Davies
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> There is a wide variation in the provision of TB screening services for migrants worldwide. New entrant screening for TB helps to identify and treat active and latent TB at an early stage, reduce risk of transmission and identifies those at a high-risk. It is common practice to screen new entrants from countries where the prevalence is high. However, it is sometimes perceived that screening for immigrants can be stigmatising. In addition, there is a poor understanding of this disease and large cultural differences in perceptions exist. This study explores the different attitudes towards screening and the current awareness, perceptions and attitudes towards TB, in order to tailor the current screening programme to different cultural backgrounds. <h3>Methods</h3> 27 participants (63% male) were recruited at the weekly multi-disciplinary Liverpool TB contact-tracing clinic. Semi-structured interviews (18% interpreter help) exploring the attitudes towards screening and the disease were conducted. <h3>Results</h3> 59% of participants were aware of the causative agent, 74% identified at least 1 associated symptom and 89% recognised that transmission was air borne. 89% considered TB curable, 33% were aware of the link with HIV and 44% stressed that a greater awareness of TB among the general public is needed. The main source of information about the disease was family and friends (43%) and clinic (42%). The majority (59%) felt there was a stigma attached with fear of social isolation and an impact on occupation. 59% expressed a positive attitude towards screening and perceived it to be acceptable due to the availability of free treatment. The majority of the participants regarded screening as prevention of transmission and felt it was their responsibility in society. 22% of the participants thought it was unnecessary or were unsatisfied with the current screening process. Seven per cent of the participants demonstrated poor understanding of the screening process, having already undergone screening. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The majority of the migrants found TB screening to be acceptable and demonstrated a positive attitude, although some barriers still exist. Improving TB awareness in the communities will help increase the acceptability of screening.
Screening for gestational diabetes is too late to prevent ill health effects on offspring, study finds
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Obese women who develop gestational diabetes are five times more likely to carry a baby with excessive fetal growth by six months of pregnancy than women who do not develop impaired glucose tolerance in pregnancy, showed a study that found that the excessive fetal growth begins before current blood glucose screening at 28 weeks of pregnancy.

The study, reported in Diabetes Care ,1 prospectively followed up 4069 unselected nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies taking part in the Pregnancy Outcome Prediction study. …
IMAGING BASED BIG DATA AND MACHINE LEARNING FRAMEWORK FOR RAPID PHENOTYPING OF LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC FUNCTION
Authors: Alaa Mabrouk Salem Omar, Khader Shameer, Sukrit Narula, Mohamed A. Abdel-Rahman, Osama Rifaie, Jagat Narula, Joel Dudley, Partho Sengupta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound for the diagnosis of hemosuccus pancreaticus
Authors: Khanh Pham, Gustav Pedersen, Henrik Halvorsen, Dag Jøssang, Roald Flesland, Georg Gjorgji
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Hemosuccus pancreaticus, hemorrhage from the papilla of Vater via the pancreatic duct, is a rare entity. It is the least frequent cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (1 in 5000) and is usually caused by chronic pancreatitis, pseudo-aneurysm, or pancreatic tumors [1]. Only 2 % of HP involves the hepatic arteries [2]. HP is difficult to diagnose because the bleeding is intermittent and not always detectable with endoscopy. Other examinations used are computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), selective angiography, and abdominal ultrasound. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is not generally used in the diagnosis of HP.
AB0679 Comparison of Two Different Ethnic Groups of as Patients: Table 1.
Authors: A. Delle Sedie, L. Riente, F. Bandinelli, Y. Bi, Q. Xu, Y. Cao, Y. Yuan, F. Zuo, Y. Gao, M. Matucci Cerinic, S. Bombardieri, C. Xiao
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) represents a world-wide diffused disease with a strong genetic factor. How subjects cope with their disease may depend on many different causes, such as education, general life-style, physical activity, etc. Few studies have reported a comparison between different parameters in two different ethnic populations. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the possible differences regarding the main findings between two groups of AS patients native to Italy and China. <h3>Methods</h3> We examined patients affected by AS in two different areas: Italy (Pisa and Florence) and China (Guangzhou). All of them were asked to complete questionnaires on disease activity (BASDAI), function (BASFI), global assessment (BASGI), quality of life (SpA-HAQ), fatigue (FACIT and BASDAI fatigue item), pain (VAS-pain), and probability of anxiety and depression (HADS-A and HADS-D). Therapy was registered for all of the patients. The Student <i>t</i>-test was used to analyse the differences between the two groups. <h3>Results</h3> Sixty patients were examined. The two populations were slightly different in the M/F ratio (18/10 in Italy and 25/7 in China) and mostly in the mean age (53±13.68 and 29±9.27 years in the two groups, respectively). No differences were found between the two groups regarding all of the questionnaires studied (Table 1). A trend to significance was found for HADS-A (higher in Italian patients). While a difference was shown in the NSAIDs intake (higher in China), no significant difference was found for anti-TNF-a therapy in the two groups. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Even if the two group are not completely comparable given the different mean age and sex ratio, the expression of the disease seems to be similar, as well as all the parameters studied. A trend toward significance was found for anxiety, showing a slightly higher probability in Italian patients. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3657
AB1116 Selective ig a deficiency in juvenile SLE patients
Authors: B.R. Bica, A.B. Vargas, C.C. Valentim, F.W. Castro, J. Fragoso, J. Serra, C.C. Figueiredo, M.N.L. Azevedo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is responsible for protection against infections of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) is the most common humoral immunodeficiency. It is speculated that its occurrence may predispose to the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). <h3>Objectives</h3> To study the prevalence of SIgAD in patients with juvenile SLE (JSLE) in the Adolescent Rheumatology Clinic from the Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, and compare, between the groups of patients with and without SIgAD, the age and the clinical manifestations at the diagnosis of JSLE; the index of disease activity at the time of analysis of levels of IgA; and family history of rheumatic diseases, autoimmune and/or congenital immunodeficiencies. <h3>Methods</h3> We carried out a review of medical records of 63 patients diagnosed with JSLE according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). Plasma levels of IgA in these patients were measured by nephelometry and were considered low when less than 70mg/dL. The demographic data, the clinical and laboratory profiles and family history were obtained by review of medical records. <h3>Results</h3> The SIgAD was detected in 3 of 63 patients (4.8%). The clinical and laboratory profiles of the group with SIgAD was not significantly different from the group without SIgAD, not being observed a higher incidence of infections in this group of patients. <h3>Conclusions</h3> It was noted a higher prevalence of SIgAD in patients with JSLE compared to the general population, but no significant clinical or laboratorial difference was observed between the patients with and without SIgAD. <h3>References</h3> JT Cassidy, RK Kitson &amp; CL Selby. Selective IgA deficiency in children and adults with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2007; 16(8):647-650. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
PTU-077 Novel Techniques To Unravel The Immune Mechanisms Driving Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: P Wright, H Wessel, S Milling, D Gaya
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s Disease (CD) occur when failures of immune regulation result in an accumulation of immune effector cells that damage the intestine. A detailed understanding of these processes has heretofore been hampered by difficulties in obtaining phenotypic and functional analyses of the multitude of closely-related immune cells present in both normal and in the diseased intestine. Here we show data from our recently-developed 12-parameter flow cytometric analyses of leukocytes from blood and intestinal biopsies. We anticipate that this approach will enable us to identify immune mechanisms causing or controlling IBD. <h3>Methods</h3> After written informed consent was obtained, endoscopic biopsies from the colon and/or terminal ileum were obtained from patients with UC, CD, or from unaffected individuals attending for polyp surveillance colonoscopies. Blood samples were obtained from UC or CD patients attending IBD clinics, or from healthy volunteers. Live single cell suspensions were prepared, and were prepared for flow cytometric analysis, focusing on dendritic cell and T cell populations. Data were analysed using FlowJo software. Differences were analysed by Mann-Whitney or ANOVA, with post tests to assess significance. <h3>Results</h3> We have developed novel and reproducible methods for purification of live cells from fresh colonic and ileal biopsies, and for enumerating of T cell and antigen presenting cell populations using 10-colour flow cytometry. We have compared data from IBD patients and healthy controls. Initial analyses of intestinal dendritic cell populations (CD45<sup>+</sup> CD14<sup>-</sup> CD64<sup>-</sup> CD11c<sup>+</sup> MHC class II<sup>+</sup>) have identified three distinct subsets based on CD103 and SIRPα expression. Our preliminary data indicate that dendritic cells are differently distributed along the intestine. Analyses of intestinal T cells (CD45<sup>+</sup> CD3<sup>+</sup> CD4<sup>+</sup>, CD25<sup>+</sup><sup>/-</sup> CD45RA<sup>+/-</sup>) have revealed the proportions of naïve, activated, memory, and regulatory T cells expressing the chemokine receptors CCR6, CCR9, CXCR3 and CCR10 in each population. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our novel multi-parameter analyses of live cells prepared from fresh colonic and ileal biopsies enable precise examination of the disease-inducing and effector populations that drive UC and CD. We are using the methods described here to dissect the immunological mechanisms driving inflammation in patients with IBD. We anticipate that our on-going comparisons of each of these immune cell populations in blood and intestinal biopsies from unaffected individuals, CD, and UC patients will reveal important details about pathogenic mechanisms controlling intestinal inflammation. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.