tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oral Contraceptives and Risks of Thromboembolism
Authors: D G Tuerck, R A Bilas, T P Comer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

This criticizes published data in a recent article on oral contraception and increased risk of cerebral ischemia or thrombosis. Data appear to establish a statistically significant increased risk of thrombotic and hemorrhagic stroke among young women using oral contraceptives. This risk is believed exaggerated. In the 98 case-controlled pairs there were 10 patients with a thrombotic times greater among users as among nonusers. The authors mathematically analyze why they feel the risk was improperly computed. Also the relative risk of stroke by age and race are considered to be improperly stated.
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin-associated sinusoidal obstructive syndrome: A proactive pharmacovigilance program (SONAR) and comparative safety efforts of the Food and Drug Administration.
Authors: Jametta Magwood, Peter Georgantopoulos, Brian Chen, John Bian, Charles L. Bennett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e18035 Background: In 2000, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Gemtuzumab ozogamycin (GO) for monotherapy treatment of patients age 60 and older with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. After 10 years of administering GO-containing combination chemotherapy regimens, in off-label settings, GO was voluntarily removed from the market. While available, unexpected, and fatal, sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS) cases occurred in off-label settings. Four months after approval, the Southern Network of Adverse Reactions (SONAR) initiated a GO retrospective registry assessing SOS on and off-label. Methods: SONAR researched the FDA’s MedWatch database (2002-2004) and peer-reviewed literature (2000-2005) using keywords related to GO and SOS. Using the FDA’s Prospective Observational Registry and the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), SONAR accessed data from 60 international medical centers with a confirmed incidence of GO. A prospective registry mandated by the FDA evaluated GO occurrence at 54 national medical centers. Results: SONAR reported a 38% incidence rate among GO-treated, allogeneic stem-cell transplants (SCT) and 16% among autologous stem-cell transplants (off- and on-label settings). An overall 3% SOS incidence rate was reported when single-agent GO was dispensed on-label as directed by the FDA. The 2013 FDA-mandated prospective registry offered major differences from the already published report and retrospective registry: timing of publication (2007 and 2013, respectively); allogeneic stem cell and autologous stem cell transplantation prior to receiving GO (retrospective registry only) and identification of risk factors influencing higher rates of SOS (SCT within 3 months of GO administration, off-label use of GO in high doses, and concomitant administration of 6-TG (SONAR’s analysis) versus no identified risk factors in the prospective analysis). SOS incidence was 9.1% among 482 patients in the manufacturer’s registry, mainly in off-label settings. Conclusions: SONAR's registry offered more detailed data on SOS rates in a range of off-label settings, 6 years prior.
PTH-288 Trends in colon and rectal cancer epidemiology in ukraine: incidence, mortality and surgical management in comparison to a us hospital
Authors: MX Traa, G Shabat, A Lukashenko, I Shchepotin, R Bleday, N Melnitchouk
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> To describe the trends in colon and rectal cancer incidence, management and mortality in Ukraine. To compare the distribution of operations for colon and rectal cancer in the major referral hospital in Ukraine and a United States tertiary care centre. <h3>Method</h3> This is a population based study of colorectal cancer incidence, mortality and management in Ukraine over 14 years (1999–2012). The National Cancer Registry of Ukraine was queried for incidence, overall and 1 year mortality, stage at presentation and management. The distribution of operative interventions for colorectal cancer performed at the National Cancer Institute in Ukraine a 560-bed, major referral centre for oncologic surgery as compared to the Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 779-bed tertiary care centre in the US will be reported here. <h3>Results</h3> Over the last 14 years we noted an increase in incidence and mortality in colon and rectal cancer. Crude incidence rate increased from 17.7 cases per 100, 000 to 24.3 for colon cancer and 11.3 to 12.8 for rectal cancer. The distribution of stages at presentation remained constant: 52.6% presented with stage I and II, 21.6% with stage III and 19.5% with stage IV disease for colon cancer and 63.2% with stage I and II, 15.1% with stage III and 15.1 with stage IV for rectal cancer. Despite the majority of patients presenting with early stage disease, 40.6% of colon cancer patients and 33.8% of rectal cancer patients died within a year of diagnosis. This number improved with the increased use of combined therapy in management of colorectalcancer. (Figure1). A wide variety and number of cases were performed at the National Cancer Institute in Ukraine with similar distribution to Brigham and Women’s Hospital in 2013. 260 operations for colon and rectal cancer were performed at the National Cancer Institute and 268 at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital. Of them, 31% vs. 28% were hemicolectomies, 52% vs. 53% were anterior and low anterior resections, 12% vs. 13% were abdominoperineal resections respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Despite some improvement in colorectal cancer care and 1 year mortality in Ukraine the prognosis is still poor. It is perplexing that even though the large number of patients are diagnosed with early disease the outcomes are still poor. Since the incidence of colorectal cancer in increasing more studies are needed to establish the feasibility of colon cancer screening, to confirm the accurate reporting of stage distribution and to characterise barriers to obtain adequate care for colorectal cancer in Ukraine. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Efficacy of the nanoparticle–drug conjugate CRLX101 in combination with bevacizumab in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: results of an investigator-initiated phase I–IIa clinical trial
Authors: S.M. Keefe, J. Hoffman-Censits, R.B. Cohen, R. Mamtani, D. Heitjan, S. Eliasof, A. Nixon, B. Turnbull, E.G. Garmey, O. Gunnarsson, M. Waliki, J. Ciconte, L. Jayaraman, A. Senderowicz, A.B. Tellez, M. Hennessy, A. Piscitelli, D. Vaughn, A. Smith, N.B. Haas
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Cancer Risk among Children Born after Assisted Conception
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Williams et al. (Nov.7 issue) 1 reported no increase in the overall cancer risk among British children born after assisted conception.However, the study has several limitations that deserve attention because the conclusions are important to both future research and the health of children born after assisted conception.The correctness of deterministic linkages depends on the completeness of the data and may vary according to age, with lower rates of linkage for children 1 to 9 years of age. 2 Consequently, it is possible that records were missed or misclassified, leading to an underreporting of the accuracy of the linkage.The authors found overall cancer risks that were similar to those reported in other studies, with considerable overlap in confidence intervals, but the studies they refer to have indeed found a significant excess risk.We found that the risk of early-onset acute lymphoblastic leukemia was 2.5 times as high among children born after assisted conception, 3 and the same assessment was reported in a recent meta-analysis. 4 Our study emphasizes that age at onset of cancer should be taken into consideration and that cancers with differing causes should not be lumped into one category.
European Perspectives
Authors: John Morgan
Journal: Circulation (2007)

W hen Dr John Morgan left school in 1975, students did not typically have gap years.So, he spent a year with the Royal Tank Regiment as a commissioned officer before doing his medical degree at Cambridge University."I spent most of my time in Germany driving around in Chieftain tanks and had a great time," says Dr Morgan."But career progression in medicine in the army was not good, because you were obliged to spend some years in a military camp, basically as a general practitioner, and I was advised that this was potentially a boring thing to do.I didn't go into the Royal Army Medical Corps because, as things were then, it would also have limited my career choices later on."Dr Morgan comes from a medical family, and so a career in medicine seemed the natural choice.His father worked as a general practitioner in South Glamorgan, Wales, and initially the young John Morgan thought that he would follow in his father's footsteps."I was exposed to medicine from the earliest years that I can remember," he says."In those days, my father would be on call and in my early teens I would be the one who would man the phone, take messages, and send my father out on calls.And once you get into that sort of thing
Albumin Synthesis
Authors: Marcus A. Rothschild, Murray Oratz, Sydney S. Schreiber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

SERUM albumin is the major protein produced in the liver, comprising as much as 50 per cent of the productive effort at any one moment. The concentration of this protein in the plasma has long been used as a bellwether of health and disease. Yet it must be remembered that the serum albumin level is only the complex end result of synthesis, degradation and distribution. The basic properties of albumin were recognized as early as 1837 by Ancell,1 who noted that "albumen" was needed for transport functions, for maintaining fluidity of the vascular system and for the prevention of edema; . . .
PWE-336 Outcomes of colorectal cancer resections in patients with multiple co-morbidities and advanced tumours
Authors: J Garry, N Ormsby, H Joshi, P Goldsmith, M Scott, A Samad, R Rajaganeshan
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Comorbid patients with advanced tumours constitute a rapidly growing segment of patients undergoing colorectal cancer resection, but their outcomes remain understudied and under-reported. Our aims were to analyse outcomes of high risk patients with advanced tumours undergoing curative colorectal resections compared with a similar cohort 2 decades younger. <h3>Method</h3> Data from a prospectively collected database of consecutive patients undergoing colorectal resection between 2011 and 2013 were analysed. Primary endpoints were 30-day mortality and morbidity. The secondary endpoint was long-term survival. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 308 patients undergoing elective resections. Overall 30 and 60 day mortality was 2.3% and 4.5% respectively independent of tumour grade and age/ASA grade. In those with pT3–4 tumours, this was comparable (2.2% and 5.4%). In those who were ASA 3–4 this rose to 6.5% and 10.8%. We studied 66 consecutive patients with ASA grade 3–4 <b>and</b>pT3–4 cancers, including 22 over 80 years of age. This cohort demonstrates 6% mortality at 30 days and 10.4% at 90 days with a 25.4% complication rate. Amongst those 80 and above with ASA 3–4 and pT3–4 cancers, 30 and 90 day mortality was 13.6% and 18.2% respectively, with a 31.8% complication rate. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Advanced tumour grade does not impact on 30 and 90-day survival following elective surgical resection. However ASA grade is the most significant factor affecting perioperative mortality. Octogenarians are more likely to have poor performance status, with limited physiological reserve. In these patients with advanced tumours and ASA3–4, there is a considerable increase in the perioperative risk. Resources should therefore be in place for postoperative high dependency care for this high-risk group. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
PWE-126 An intelligent liver diagnostic tool
Authors: A Dethier, Y Zhu, K Scott, M Miller, A Fraser, E Forrest, A Mac Gilchrist, J Dillon
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Abnormal liver function tests (ALFTs) are common, up to 20% of all tests. Asymptomatic ALFTs rarely lead to serious chronic liver disease; however, liver disease presents often at an advanced stage with reduced treatment options and often, there was ALFTs prior to this. Referral of all patients with ALFTs to secondary care is not sustainable. The aim of this study was to validate a diagnostic algorithm developed by using LFTs which, if abnormal, trigger a liver screen. The algorithm can integrate into the tracked analyser systems to give automated complex results back to the GP with management advice and reduce referral to secondary care, saving time and improving diagnosis rate. <h3>Method</h3> The algorithm was developed by an expert panel of hepatologists defining minimal diagnostic criteria for liver disease. Entry to the algorithm depended on ALFTs in the absence of obvious liver dysfunction; triggering a liver screen for biochemical, immunological and viral causes of liver disease and using age, gender, alcohol consumption, BMI and calculated fibrosis scores for specific diseases. A systematic retrospective review of the electronic notes and lab results of 100 consecutive patients was performed. They had been referred to secondary care after first discovery of ALFTs in 2012–2013 in NHS Tayside. Those with an established chronic liver disease and/or previous known abnormal GGT and AST were excluded. Patients were categorised by the completed algorithm into 3 groups depending on where they should be managed: secondary or primary care or to a category of unclear diagnosis. A comparison was made between where the patient was managed and where he/she would have been managed if the algorithm had been applied at the time. <h3>Results</h3> In our study, 80% patients were appropriately categorised by the algorithm (54% in Primary care and 26% in Secondary care) following the criteria. The algorithm would have referred another 19% to specialists, although GP care would have been safe, and 1% under Primary care but would actually need specialist input, having established cirrhosis on liver biopsy despite a diagnosis of NAFLD, with a NAFLD fibrosis score of -1.52 (&lt;-1.455, 90% sensitivity and 60% specificity to exclude fibrosis) on algorithm. The sensitivity of our algorithm is 96.3%, the specificity 73.9%, the positive predictive value 57.8% and negative predictive value 98.2%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This algorithm safely identifies the majority of patients with asymptomatic ALFTs whose liver disease can be managed in primary care and correctly determine patients who require referral to a Hepatologist. If combined with an automated laboratory analyser system, this could correctly diagnose and plan management for more than 75% on the first abnormal LFT value. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
The Glaucomas
Authors: Bernard Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Definition, Classification and CharacteristicsTHE glaucomas are characterized by three main elements: an increase in ocular pressure; development of increased cupping and pallor of the optic disk; and loss of visual field.1 , 2 Most of the evidence indicates that the main cause for the changes in the optic disk and visual field is often the increased pressure.An obstruction to the outflow of aqueous humor appears to be the main basis for the increase of ocular pressure in glaucoma. Aqueous humor is produced primarily in the ciliary body, and flows into the posterior chamber and then through the pupil into the . . .
Social class and psychiatric outcome
Authors: T E Gift, J S Strauss, B A Ritzler, R F Kokes, D W Harder
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

Although social status has been shown to relate to rates of certain types of psychiatric disorder and to treatment received, little information is available regarding social class and clinical improvement over time. This report presents findings from a prospective follow-up study of a representative sample of first-admission psychiatric patients. A variety of clinical characteristics were analyzed at hospital admission and 2-year follow-up. The social status of the individual patient, the social status of the patient's parents, and the social status associated with the patient's residential area were found to be correlated with improvement over the 2-year follow-up period.
&lt;italic&gt;α&lt;/italic&gt;-Keto Acids in Tissue Culture. I. The Concentration of Pyruvic and &lt;italic&gt;α&lt;/italic&gt;-Ketoglutaric Acids in the Ultrafiltrates from Horse Serum and Chick-Embryo Extract
Authors: B B WESTFALL, E V PEPPERS, W R EARLE
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1955)

α-Keto Acids in Tissue Culture. I. The Concentration of Pyruvic and α-Ketoglutaric Acids in the Ultrafiltrates from Horse Serum and Chick-Embryo Extract Get access Benton B. Westfall, Benton B. Westfall Tissue Culture Section, Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ellison V. Peppers, Ellison V. Peppers Tissue Culture Section, Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wilton R. Earle Wilton R. Earle Tissue Culture Section, Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 16, Issue 1, August 1955, Pages 337–347, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/16.1.337 Published: 01 August 1955 Article history Received: 08 March 1955 Published: 01 August 1955
Cleaning and Disinfection in Europe according to the Endoscopic Societies’ Guidelines
Authors: J.-F.  Rey, A.  Kruse
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

As cleaning and disinfection is a very important topic for endoscopy units and as many patients ask how endoscopists try to prevent the nosocomial risk posed by the endoscope, the ESGE, in 1993, organized a Guidelines Committee on this important subject.
Two studies have evaluated regional perfusion.
Authors: L Hafström
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1992.10.5.865 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 1569457 Two studies have evaluated regional perfusion. L HafströmxL HafströmSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1992.10.5.865 PDF "Two studies have evaluated regional perfusion.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 10(5), pp. 865–866© 1992 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Case 44-1986
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, S.R. Goldring, A.L. Schiller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Presentation of CaseAn 80-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of confusion after a fall.She felt well until six days earlier, when she fell and injured her right hip and became inactive because of pain. Two days before admission her family observed that she was confused, although she had been alert and oriented previously. On the day of admission confusion was more prominent, and she was admitted to the hospital.There was a past history of multiple falls and occasional fractures. Paget's disease of the right side of the pelvis was found six years before admission, and . . .
Antiemesis
Authors: David S. Ettinger, Debra K. Armstrong, Sally Barbour, Michael J. Berger, Philip J. Bierman, Bob Bradbury, Georgianna Ellis, Steve Kirkegaard, Dwight D. Kloth, Mark G. Kris, Dean Lim, Michael Anne Markiewicz, Lida Nabati, Carli Nesheiwat, Hope S. Rugo, Steven M. Sorscher, Lisa Stucky-Marshal, Barbara Todaro, Susan Urba
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2009)
Vital Signs: Preparing for Local Mosquito-Borne Transmission of Zika Virus — United States, 2016
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

Widespread Zika virus transmission in the Region of the Americas since 2015 has heightened the urgency of preparing for the possibility of expansion of mosquito-borne transmission of Zika virus during the 2016 mosquito season. CDC and other U.S. government agencies have been working with state and local government partners on prevention and early detection of Zika virus infection and will increase these activities during April as part of their preparation for the anticipated emergence of mosquito-borne transmission of Zika virus in the continental United States.
DSM-III and its reception: a European view
Authors: P J Pichot
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

The author analyzes some elements in the reception of DSM-III in Europe. The worldwide success of a diagnostic classification originally presented as a purely American endeavor is associated with recurrent, albeit not often openly formulated, criticisms. In the history of psychiatric nosologies, the purely descriptive phase was succeeded by a period during which theories were dominant, as in the Kraepelinian system. DSM-III originated in recognition of the existence in the United States of contending psychodynamic and psychosocial orientations and problems of communication, which became even more evident with the growth of psychopharmacology and the influence of the biological school. Whereas ICD offered compromise solutions, DSM-III used a new paradigm based on diagnostic categories and a multiaxial format, which were on the whole easily accepted. Most criticisms involved three points. The first was the atheoretical syndromic approach, seen as a regression and an expression of an American preference for superficial facts and contempt for psychopathology, which was considered in Europe the source of future progress. The second was the introduction of quantification, which was rejected by some in the name of the clinical tradition, which emphasized understanding of the individual case. The third was DSM-III's adherence to alleged American values, such as pragmatism and novelty. The ambivalence of Europeans toward the world expansion of American culture was reinforced by use of English as the language of international scientific communication. The mostly irrational nature of the criticisms contrasts sharply with the general acceptance of DSM-III and its successors, which rests on their objective merits.
History of trichinellosis outbreaks linked to horse meat consumption 1975-1998
Authors: T Ancelle
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1998)

Trichinellosis is a parasitic disease transmitted to humans by consumption of raw or undercooked meat from animals contaminated by worms of the Trichinella genus. In nature, the life cycle involves most carnivores, omnivores, and numerous rodents. Domesti