tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changing Trends in<i>P. falciparum</i>Burden, Immunity, and Disease in Pregnancy
Authors: Alfredo Mayor, Azucena Bardají, Eusebio Macete, Tacilta Nhampossa, Ana Maria Fonseca, Raquel González, Sonia Maculuve, Pau Cisteró, Maria Rupérez, Joe Campo, Anifa Vala, Betuel Sigaúque, Alfons Jiménez, Sonia Machevo, Laura de la Fuente, Abel Nhama, Leopoldina Luis, John J. Aponte, Sozinho Acácio, Arsenio Nhacolo, Chetan Chitnis, Carlota Dobaño, Esperanza Sevene, Pedro Luis Alonso, Clara Menéndez
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Prevention of reinfection and resurgence is an integral component of the goal to eradicate malaria. However, the adverse effects of malaria resurgences are not known.We assessed the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection among 1819 Mozambican women who delivered infants between 2003 and 2012. We used microscopic and histologic examination and a quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction (qPCR) assay, as well as flow-cytometric analysis of IgG antibody responses against two parasite lines.Positive qPCR tests for P. falciparum decreased from 33% in 2003 to 2% in 2010 and increased to 6% in 2012, with antimalarial IgG antibody responses mirroring these trends. Parasite densities in peripheral blood on qPCR assay were higher in 2010-2012 (geometric mean [±SD], 409±1569 genomes per microliter) than in 2003-2005 (44±169 genomes per microliter, P=0.02), as were parasite densities in placental blood on histologic assessment (50±39% of infected erythrocytes vs. 4±6%, P<0.001). The malaria-associated reduction in maternal hemoglobin levels was larger in 2010-2012 (10.1±1.8 g per deciliter in infected women vs. 10.9±1.7 g per deciliter in uninfected women; mean difference, -0.82 g per deciliter; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.39 to -0.25) than in 2003-2005 (10.5±1.1 g per deciliter vs. 10.6±1.5 g per deciliter; difference, -0.12 g per deciliter; 95% CI, -0.67 to 0.43), as was the reduction in birth weight (2863±440 g in women with past or chronic infections vs. 3070±482 g in uninfected women in 2010-2012; mean difference, -164.5 g; 95% CI, -289.7 to -39.4; and 2994±487 g vs. 3117±455 g in 2003-2005; difference, -44.8 g; 95% CI, -139.1 to 49.5).Antimalarial antibodies were reduced and the adverse consequences of P. falciparum infections were increased in pregnant women after 5 years of a decline in the prevalence of malaria. (Funded by Malaria Eradication Scientific Alliance and others.).
Le traitement endoscopique de l'angiocholite grave lithiasique en urgence: y a-t il une amélioration du pronostic?
Authors: B Benyachou, N Lazaar, B Loukili, M El Yousfi, I Mellouki, N Aqodad, DA Benajah, M El Abkari, A Ibrahimi, A Najdi, S Elfakir, C Nejjari
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Introduction: L'angiocholite grave présente une indication urgente du traitement endoscopique, qui consiste habituellement en une sphinctérotomie associée à l'extraction des calculs. Le but du travail est d'évaluer les résultats du drainage endoscopique en urgence de l'angiocholite grave en matière d'extraction des calculs et d'amélioration de la morbidité et de la mortalité.
Brief Communication: Trends in Survival and Classification for Patients With Leukemia Diagnosed 1940–69
Authors: Lillian M. Axtell, Max H. Myers, Barbara Christine, George Linden
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Brief Communication: Trends in Survival and Classification for Patients With Leukemia Diagnosed 1940–69 Get access Lillian M. Axtell, M.A., Lillian M. Axtell, M.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Max H. Myers, Ph.D, Max H. Myers, Ph.D Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Barbara Christine, M.D., Barbara Christine, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar George Linden, M.A. George Linden, M.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 53, Issue 2, August 1974, Pages 375–377, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/53.2.375 Published: 01 August 1974 Article history Received: 30 October 1973 Revision received: 03 May 1974 Accepted: 07 May 1974 Published: 01 August 1974
Neonatal Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: DeLinda L. Pearson, Sheila Dawling, William F. Walsh, Jonathan L. Haines, Brian W. Christman, Amy Bazyk, Nathan Scott, Marshall L. Summar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Endogenous production of nitric oxide is vital for the decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance that normally occurs after birth. The precursor of nitric oxide is arginine, a urea-cycle intermediate. We hypothesized that low concentrations of arginine would correlate with the presence of persistent pulmonary hypertension in newborns and that the supply of this precursor would be affected by a functional polymorphism (the substitution of asparagine for threonine at position 1405 [T1405N]) in carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase, which controls the rate-limiting step of the urea cycle.Plasma concentrations of amino acids and genotypes of the carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase variants were determined in 65 near-term neonates with respiratory distress. Plasma nitric oxide metabolites were measured in a subgroup of 10 patients. The results in infants with pulmonary hypertension, as assessed by echocardiography, were compared with those in infants without pulmonary hypertension. The frequencies of the carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase genotypes in the study population were assessed for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.As compared with infants without pulmonary hypertension, infants with pulmonary hypertension had lower mean (+/-SD) plasma concentrations of arginine (20.2+/-8.8 vs. 39.8+/-17.0 micromol per liter, P<0.001) and nitric oxide metabolites (18.8+/-12.7 vs. 47.2+/-11.2 micromol per liter, P=0.05). As compared with the general population, the infants in the study had a significantly skewed distribution of the genotypes for the carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase variants at position 1405 (P<0.005). None of the infants with pulmonary hypertension were homozygous for the T1405N polymorphism.Infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension have low plasma concentrations of arginine and nitric oxide metabolites. The simultaneous presence of diminished concentrations of precursors and breakdown products suggests that inadequate production of nitric oxide is involved in the pathogenesis of neonatal pulmonary hypertension. Our preliminary observations suggest that the genetically predetermined capacity of the urea cycle--in particular, the efficiency of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase--may contribute to the availability of precursors for nitric oxide synthesis.
Endoscopic full-thickness resection in the colorectum with a novel over-the-scope device: first experience
Authors: Arthur Schmidt, Peter Bauerfeind, Christoph Gubler, Michael Damm, Markus Bauder, Karel Caca
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) in the lower gastrointestinal tract may be a valuable therapeutic and diagnostic approach for a variety of indications. Although feasibility of EFTR has been demonstrated, there is a lack of safe and effective endoscopic devices for routine use. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of a novel over-the-scope device for colorectal EFTR. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Between July 2012 and July 2014, 25 patients underwent EFTR at two tertiary referral centers. All resections were performed using the full-thickness resection device (FTRD; Ovesco Endoscopy, Tübingen, Germany). Data were collected retrospectively. <b>Results:</b> Indications for EFTR were: recurrent or incompletely resected adenoma with nonlifting sign (n = 11), untreated adenoma and nonlifting sign (n = 2), adenoma involving the appendix (n = 5), flat adenoma in a patient with coagulopathy (n = 1), diagnostic re-resection after incomplete resection of a T1 carcinoma (n = 2), adenoma involving a diverticulum (n = 1), submucosal tumor (n = 2), and diagnostic resection in a patient with suspected Hirschsprung's disease (n = 1). In one patient, the lesion could not be reached because of a sigmoid stenosis. In the other patients, resection of the lesion was macroscopically complete and en bloc in 20/24 patients (83.3 %). The mean diameter of the resection specimen was 24 mm (range 12 – 40 mm). The R0 resection rate was 75.0 % (18/24), and full-thickness resection was histologically confirmed in 87.5 %. No perforations or major bleeding were observed during or after resection. Two patients developed postpolypectomy syndrome, which was managed with antibiotic therapy. <b>Conclusions:</b> Full-thickness resection in the lower gastrointestinal tract with the novel FTRD was feasible and effective. Prospective studies are needed to further evaluate the device and technique.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided antegrade cholangiography for diagnosis of aberrant right intrahepatic duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Farid Jalali, John Lee
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

A 45-year-old woman presented to another hospital with worsening abdominal pain and nausea 1 week after an uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Serial computed tomography imaging showed an enlarging fluid collection in the perihepatic and subcapsular spaces measuring 23 × 19 × 21 cm. Initial endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan were considered normal, without evidence of biliary dilatation or leak. When the patient did not improve with conservative management, a second ERCP was performed and a Sof-Flex stent (Cook Medical Inc., Bloomington, Indiana, United States) was placed in the common bile duct at the level of the ampulla to facilitate biliary drainage. The patient was then transferred to our institution.
The efficient production of high quality evidence reviews is important for the public good
Authors: J. H. Elliott, C. Mavergames, L. Becker, J. Meerpohl, J. Thomas, R. Gruen, D. Tovey
Journal: BMJ (2013)

We support Tsafnat and colleagues’ argument that automation could transform systematic review production.1 Technological innovation has played a central role since the birth of systematic review,2 and machine processes are embedded throughout current systematic review workflow. Nevertheless, current methods are not sustainable in the face of the deluge of primary research.

Few of the recent …
Variability of Body Weight and Health Outcomes in the Framingham Population
Authors: Lauren Lissner, Patricia M. Odell, Ralph B. D'Agostino, Joseph Stokes, Bernard E. Kreger, Albert J. Belanger, Kelly D. Brownell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Fluctuation in body weight is a common phenomenon, due in part to the high prevalence of dieting. In this study we examined the associations between variability in body weight and health end points in subjects participating in the Framingham Heart Study, which involves follow-up examinations every two years after entry.
P937 EARLY TREATMENT WITH TERLIPRESSIN AND ALBUMIN IS EFFECTIVE FOR TYPE-1 HEPATORENAL SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH SEPSIS
Authors: E. Rodriguez, C. Elia, E. Sola, R. Barreto, I. Graupera, A. Andrealli, G.H. Pereira, X. Ariza, M. Poca, J. Sanchez, M. Guevara, G. Soriano, C. Alessandria, J. Fernandez, V. Arroyo, P. Gines
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Case 25-2006
Authors: Rebecca B. Campen, Christine N. Sang, Lyn M. Duncan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

A 41-year-old woman had a three-year history of multiple painful subcutaneous nodules on the head, neck, and trunk. The pain was present at rest and increased on palpation of the nodules and with activity. The patient described intermittent fever and swelling of the arms and legs. Examination disclosed subcutaneous nodules on the neck and trunk that were tender on palpation. A diagnostic procedure was performed.
Is behavior or morphology a more sensitive indicator of central nervous system toxicity?
Authors: S Norton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Both behavior and morphology can be altered by exposure of the CNS to toxic substances. The brain is an organ with considerable structural redundancy and this presumably accounts for some of the ability of the CNS to maintain normal function in the presence of some structural damage. Compensation for damage may also occur through a form of "learning" due to the biochemical and morphological plasticity of the CNS. Examples of these kinds of compensation are enzyme induction and axonal sprouting. Compensatory changes such as these are likely to require days or weeks to develop. On the other hand, short-term, reversible effects of substances such as drugs are not likely to cause morphological changes at doses which affect behavior. The importance of appropriate quantitative data on both morphology and behavior in evaluation of the CNS toxicity of substances is evident.
FCGR3A polymorphism does not significantly affect response and outcome of follicular lymphoma patients treated in the PRIMA study with rituximab and chemotherapy followed by rituximab maintenance or observation
Authors: E Kimby, A Scheliga, J Mayer, Fritz Offner, A Teixeira, K Kuliczkowski, AM Liberati, CY Okada, D Esseltine, P Theocharous, E Zhu, H Van de Velde, YA Elsayed, B Coiffier
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Fatal Infection in an Infant Associated with Coxsackie Virus Group A, Type 16
Authors: Harry T. Wright, Benjamin H. Landing, Edwin H. Lennette, Robert M. McAllister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

ALTHOUGH Coxsackie viruses Group B, Types 2–5, have been established as etiologic agents of encephalitis and myocarditis in infants, and 34 fatal cases within the first month of life have been associated with infection by these agents1 , 2 the role of Group A Coxsackie viruses in severe disease of infants is not clear.3 , 4 In a study of sudden unexpected death Gold and his associates5 reported isolation of Coxsackie viruses Group A, Type 4 or 8, from post-mortem specimens of 10 infants sixteen months of age or younger. The pathological findings showed that 7 infants had respiratory infections, 2 had congenital heart . . .
Acid-Fast Organisms
Authors: S Saxman, R A Portman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Figure 1. Acid-Fast Organisms. A bone marrow-biopsy specimen, stained by the Ziehl-Neelsen technique (x1000), was obtained from a 47-year-old man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who presented with a high fever and pancytopenia. The small bright-red, rod-shaped cells (arrow) are acid-fast organisms. The larger bright-red areas are clumps of the same organisms. Despite therapy with a combination of ethambutol, clofazimine, rifampin, and ciprofloxacin, the patient died 11 days after the biopsy was performed. Bone marrow cultures subsequently grew Mycobacterium xenopi.
Platelet Function in Hyperlipoproteinemia
Authors: Angelina C. A. Carvalho, Robert W. Colman, Robert S. Lees
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Platelet function was studied in 17 patients with Type II hyperlipoproteinemia. As compared with 26 normal subjects, platelets from patients with the Type II syndrome aggregated in response to 1/25 the mean concentration of epinephrine, one third the concentration of collagen, and one third the concentration of ADP. Total nucleotide release was increased from four to six fold with all aggregating agents. However, release of platelet factors 3 and 4, platelet adhesiveness and clot retraction were all normal in patients with Type II hyperlipoproteinemia. In contrast, platelets from 11 patients with Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia showed normal sensitivity to ADP and collagen, normal nucleotide release and normal release of 14C serotonin. The data suggest that heightened platelet function is associated with the thrombotic complications and accelerated atherogenesis of Type II hyperlipoproteinemia. (N Engl J Med 290:434–438, 1974)
Fluctuating Cerebral Blood-Flow Velocity in Respiratory-Distress Syndrome
Authors: Jeffrey M. Perlman, Joseph B. McMenamin, Joseph J. Volpe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

We studied whether changes in cerebral blood-flow velocity occur during the respiratory-distress syndrome and whether, if present, they are related to the subsequent occurrence of intraventricular hemorrhage. Fifty infants weighing less than 1500 g at birth who required mechanical ventilation for the respiratory-distress syndrome were studied from the first hours of life. Blood-flow velocity in the anterior cerebral artery was measured at the anterior fontanel by means of the Doppler technique. At 12 hours of age, the infants had blood-flow velocity patterns that were either stable or fluctuating and that reflected the patterns of simultaneously recorded blood pressure. Intraventricular hemorrhage subsequently developed in 21 of 23 infants with the fluctuating pattern (in most of them, within the next 24 hours), but in only 7 of 27 infants with the stable pattern. Preliminary data suggest that the cerebral hemodynamic fluctuations are related to the respiratory disease and particularly to the mechanics of respiration. We conclude that the fluctuating pattern of cerebral blood-flow velocity in infants with the respiratory-distress syndrome indicates an extreme risk of the development of intraventricular hemorrhage and may represent a major and potentially preventable etiologic factor. (N Engl J Med 1983; 309:204–9.)
1330 NON-INVASIVE MEASUREMENT OF LIVER STEATOSIS BY CONTROLLED ATTENUATION PARAMETER (CAP) USING Fibroscan® IN PATIENTS WITH NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD)
Authors: K. Enooku, R. Tateishi, N. Fujiwara, S. Mikami, T. Minami, M. Sato, K. Uchino, Y. Kondo, H. Yoshida, H. Ikeda, K. Koike
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Abstract 2399: Simvastatin inhibits advanced prostate cancer in TRAMP mice
Authors: Sara K. Drenkhahn, Glenn A. Jackson, Christal D. Huber, Jim D. Browning, Kevin L. Fritsche, Charles E. Wiedmeyer, Cynthia L. Besch-Williford, Dennis B. Lubahn
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Controversial literature suggests the potential off-label benefit of statins in the prevention of breast and prostate cancers. As millions of Americans are currently taking statins to lower cholesterol and prevent heart disease, we wanted to test if simvastatin could inhibit prostate carcinogenesis in the TRAMP (TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate) model. We hypothesized that simvastatin would inhibit the most aggressive form of cancer in the model, poorly differentiated carcinoma (PDC), similar to what has been seen in epidemiological studies. Mice were fed a Western Diet to mimic the high-fat diet common among men in the United States (n=25 per group). Two additional groups were fed the Western diet supplemented with either 0.025% or 0.050% w/w simvastatin. The control mice on the Western diet had an increase of PDC when compared to a low-fat AIN93 casein based diet (48% vs. 32%). While the 0.025% simvastatin Western diet reduced PDC incidence from 48% to 38%, the 0.050% simvastatin Western diet drastically reduced PDC incidence from 48% to 16% when compared to Western controls (p=0.0153 by Chi square analysis). Changes in serum profiles analyzing total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides did not correlate to the reduction in PDC incidence. In conclusion, our results show that simvastatin can reduce the most aggressive stage of prostate cancer in the TRAMP model and supports the observation that simvastatin reduces the risk of developing advanced prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2399. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2399
P53 functional assay in yeast: evaluation in 1856 patients in a large prospective clinical trial (EORTC 10994/BIG 00-01).
Authors: H Bonnefoi, AS Zimmer, M Piccart, L Mauriac, M Campone, M Tubiana-Hulin, T Petit, P Rouanet, M Welnicka-Jaskiewicz, T Cufer, E Blot, V Becette, J Bogaerts, S André, D Cameron, J Bergh, R Iggo
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #1067 Background:Although mutations in the p53 gene can occur in 20-30% of sporadic breast cancer, and are associated with other poor prognostic factors, there is no clear evidence as to whether p53 status should influence therapy. Immunohistochemistry has been demonstrated to be an inferior method compared with sequencing, but the optimal technique to assess the functional p53 status is not known. The yeast test is a functional assay which tests the transcriptional competence of p53, and detects biologically important mutations. Here we present the results of p53 evaluation using this method in a prospective study.&amp;#x2028; Material and methods: EORTC 10994/BIG 00-01 trial is a randomized trial comparing the neoadjuvant use of an anthracycline-based regimen with a taxane-containing regimen in patients with large operable or locally advanced breast cancers. Fresh frozen tumour biopsies were mandatory before starting chemotherapy. Frozen sections were examined centrally and the p53 test was done if the invasive tumour cell content was above 20%. RNA extract was used to assess p53 status: p53 wild type tumours were defined as tumours whose cDNA transfected in yeast gave less than 20% red colonies (background); p53 mutated tumours gave 20% or more red colonies.&amp;#x2028; Results: The trial accrual was completed in November 2006 after inclusion of 1856 patients. There was no frozen sample available in 70 patients. In 276 patients the % of tumour cells was &amp;lt;20. The p53 test failed in 62 patients, generally because the quality or quantity of RNA was too low for RT-PCR. P53 was successfully assessed in 1458 patients: 661 (45%) tumours are p53 mutated and 797 (55%) are p53 wt. p53 mutated and wild type tumours were grade III in 40% (265/661) and 19% (153/797), respectively, and estrogen receptor negative in 41% (270/661) and 14.5% (116/797), respectively. We did not see any correlation between p53 status and tumour size or nodal status at diagnosis. HER2 status data are being collected.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: P53 status has been successfully evaluated using a yeast assay in 78.5% (1458/1856) of cases in the context of a multicenter trial. In indirect comparisons the frequency of patients with functionally altered p53 status is higher than with sequenced based methods. Our results confirm an association between p53 mutation and high grade or estrogen receptor negative status, but not with age, tumour size or clinical nodal status. More data regarding the quality and quantity of RNA collected will be presented at the meeting. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1067.
Somatostatin Receptor Molecular Imaging for Metastatic Intracranial Hemangiopericytoma
Authors: Gopi Kota, Pushpender Gupta, Glenn J. Lesser, John A. Wilson, Akiva Mintz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Intracranial hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) are rare tumors that closely mimic meningiomas. However, in contrast to meningiomas, HPCs have a relatively high incidence of local recurrence and distant metastases, manifesting the need for sensitive noninvasive methods of detection that efficiently image the entire body. We present a rare case of a right optic nerve sheath HPC in which we identified a previously unknown distant metastasis in the thoracic spine on an 111In-pentetreotide scan. We detail the radiologic characteristics seen with somatostatin receptor imaging, FDG PET, and MRI and discuss how to exploit these findings to detect recurrence and metastatic disease in HPC.