tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P2-12-21: The “penny farthing” incision for mastectomy: A novel technique to reduce “dog ear” deformity and improve access to the axilla
Authors: G Poole, L Sheikh
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Introduction: Medial and lateral “dog ear” deformities are a common problem with mastectomy incisions. The challenges include different skin tensions superiorly and inferiorly and variable BMI. Also, the standard mastectomy incision is also not in the optimal place for sentinel node biopsy access. No published technique is universally applicable and some advanced techniques require excess dissection and operative time. Aims: 1) To perform a literature search for all published techniques 2) To pilot test a new, simple incision Methods: A literature search using PubMed was performed that revealed eight previous techniques (1). A new, simple technique was developed to incorporate most of the historical principles. Circles of different sizes are marked out medially (small) and laterally (large). The lateral circle incorporates the optimal position for access to the axilla for sentinel node biopsy or axillary clearance. These circles are joined by asymmetrical superior and inferior lines to encourage rotation during closure. Tumour size and position are taken into consideration. Wound closure begins from the centre which allows the wound to "choose" its own corners and tuck them inwards therefore minimising "dog ear" formation. Results: Seventy- five consecutive patients had the procedure by a single surgeon over an 18 month period. At the conclusion of each procedure there was no residual "dog ear" deformity at either wound end. Of the 36 patients seen for 12 month follow up only one (BMI 42) has required revision of the wound. Conclusion: The "Penny Farthing" incision is a novel, simple and promising technique to deal with "dog ear" deformity in mastectomy. Reference: 1. Thomas R, Mouat C, King B. Mastectomy flap design: the ‘waisted teardrop’ and a method to reduce the lateral fold. ANZ Journal of Surgery. 2012; 82: 329-333. Citation Format: Poole G, Sheikh L. The “penny farthing” incision for mastectomy: A novel technique to reduce “dog ear” deformity and improve access to the axilla. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-12-21.
Summary of Notifiable Noninfectious Conditions and Disease Outbreaks: Childhood Blood Lead Levels — United States, 2007–2012
Authors: Jaime Raymond, Mary Jean Brown
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015)

Abbreviations: CIC = U.S. Bureau of the Census industry codes; FTE = full time equivalent; SENSOR = Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks.* Information on industry was missing for 262 (13%) persons with cases of pesticide-related illness.† Estimates were derived from the hours worked data obtained from the U.S. Current Population Survey (CPS) and summed for the years 2007-2010 (8).One FTE equals 2,000 hours worked.Denominator data correspond to the states and time periods of numerator availability.§ Incidence rate per 100,000 FTEs.Abbreviations: CIC = U.S. Bureau of the Census industry codes; SENSOR = Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks.* Includes plant growth regulators, insect growth regulators, wood treatment products, preservatives, and insect repellants.† Exposed to pesticide products that were classified into more than one functional class or to more than one pesticide product
A New Splint for the Treatment of Talipes
Authors: F. T. Paul
Journal: BMJ (1885)

J7DUNlittle or none, npith9r.did arty that I came across suffer from con- junctivitis or -ohthalmia of ai y kind;' and, partly on this account, and partly from the well known contagious nature of the granular lid, and5 the habits.ofthe Arabsl qf.wiping anythiog and everything, their own eyes and their childre's, etc.-, on their never washed calico- shirts, I am rather disposed to io6k' upoI their ophthalmia as a coni- tJious disease, acquired from cont6,ct with the fellaheen of the eiti. of Eg3y'pt and Palestine, among whom it is alnost universal.And in tthis opinion I am strengthened by the observations of Mr. Merrill, to American Consul at Jerusalem, *who toldi me that there was no
Tendency to Bending of the Bones in Cretins under Thyroid Treatment
Authors: T. Telford-Smith
Journal: BMJ (1896)

ONE!of the most marked among the manyother signs of -development produced in cretins during the administration -of thyroid preparations is the rapid increase;of growth in stature which takes place an effect which is all the more striking when we remember that in these cases growth is almost at a standstill previous to treatment.The boy, D. .B.,
A FEW NOTIONS INVOLVED IN THE CLINICAL USE OF RADIOISOTOPES
Authors: G A ANDREWS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1957)

Article1 November 1957A FEW NOTIONS INVOLVED IN THE CLINICAL USE OF RADIOISOTOPESGOULD A. ANDREWSGOULD A. ANDREWSSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-47-5-922 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis presentation is designed to define and illustrate some basic concepts that may be helpful to physicians using radioisotopes in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Nothing to be presented is new, and much of it will seem unnecessarily trite to those experienced in this field. My only qualification for presenting these ideas is that I have personally had a very hard time grasping them, and possibly am familiar with some of the snags.RADIOISOTOPES DEFINEDA radioisotope might be defined as a special kind of atom which has the property of producing radiations. The radiations are waves, or particles, sent out... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: GOULD A. ANDREWSAffiliations: Oak Ridge, Tennessee*Presented as a Morning Lecture at the Thirty-eighth Annual Session of The American College of Physicians, Boston, Massachusetts, April 10, 1957.From the Medical Division, Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies, under contract with the United States Atomic Energy Commission.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Dr. Gould A. Andrews, Chief of Clinical Services, Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byFactors which influence the radioactive iodine thyroidal uptake test 1 November 1957Volume 47, Issue 5 Page: 922-938 Keywords Biologics ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1957 PDF downloadLoading ...
Persons Receiving Care from Selected Health Care Practitioners, United States, 1980.
Authors: R H Mugge
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

In the household survey phase of the National Medical Care Utilization and Expenditure Survey of 1980, a survey was made of 17,123 persons who made up a representative sample of the civilian population in the United States not residing in institutions. Through repeated interviews the survey obtained information on the health conditions of these people, the health care services they received in 1980, the costs of these services, and the arrangements made for paying for the services. This report, one of a series of reports on the knowledge gained through the survey, is on the people who received services during the year from nurses, optometrists, podiatrists, psychologists, paramedics, physical therapists, social workers and counselors, laboratory technicians, radiologic technicians, other technicians, and all other practitioners; thus, this report is on people receiving services from the various types of practitioners other than physicians and dentists. In addition to excluding the military and persons living in nursing homes and other institutions, the report excludes people receiving nonphysician and nondentist services if they were only received in the same visit in which a physician or dentist was seen, if they were received in an emergency room, or if they were received while the person was an inpatient in a hospital. More than one-third of the nation's population had one or more such visits with practitioners other than physicians and dentists in 1980, according to estimates from the National Medical Care Utilization and Expenditure Survey. Approximately 1 person out of every 8 had a visit with a nurse; about 1 person of every 11 visited an optometrist during the year; 1 of 15 visited a lab technician; 1 of 25 visited a chiropractor; 1 of 37 visited a radiologic technician; and 1 of every 50 visited a podiatrist. Psychologists, paramedics, and physical therapists were each visited by about 1 percent of the population. People varied in their likelihood of seeing the various types of practitioners, depending on their personal characteristics, the condition of their health, and where they lived: In general, the practitioners were more likely to have been visited at least once during the year by women than by men, whites than by blacks or other races, non-Hispanics than by Hispanics, the old than by the young, those with more education than by those with less, those with poor health, those with activity limitations, and those living outside the South. There was little relationship, in general, between level of income and visiting a practitioner.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Johnson and Johnson faces lawsuit over vaginal mesh devices
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The US states of California and Washington have filed a suit against the drug and device maker Johnson and Johnson, alleging that the company hid its knowledge about potential adverse effects, some of which were permanent, associated with its vaginal mesh devices used to treat pelvic prolapse and stress incontinence.

“It’s difficult to put into words the horrific injuries and pain many women are still suffering as a result of Johnson and Johnson’s deception,” said Bob Ferguson, Washington state attorney general. “They believed they were making informed medical decisions, but that was impossible when Johnson and Johnson was spreading inaccurate information about its products’ risks, essentially duping doctors into using their own patients as clinical trials.”

In a simultaneous announcement California’s attorney general, Kamala Harris, said, “Johnson and Johnson put millions of women at risk of …
Omega-3 fatty acids are associated with a lower prevalence of autoantibodies in shared epitope-positive subjects at risk for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ryan W Gan, M Kristen Demoruelle, Kevin D Deane, Michael H Weisman, Jane H Buckner, Peter K Gregersen, Ted R Mikuls, James R O'Dell, Richard M Keating, Tasha E Fingerlin, Gary O Zerbe, Michael J Clare-Salzler, V Michael Holers, Jill M Norris
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

Objectives Previously, we found that omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) were inversely associated with anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) positivity in participants at risk for future rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated whether n-3 FAs were also associated with rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity and whether these associations were modified by shared epitope (SE) positivity. Methods The Studies of the Etiology of RA (SERA) cohort includes RA-free participants who are at increased risk for RA. We conducted a nested case–control study (n=136) to determine the association between RF and anti-CCP2 positivity and n-3 FA percentage in erythrocyte membranes (n-3 FA% in red blood cells (RBCs)). Additionally, in the baseline visit of the SERA cohort (n=2166), we evaluated the association between reported n-3 FA supplement use and prevalence of RF and anti-CCP2. We assessed SE positivity as an effect modifier. Results In the case–control study, increasing n-3 FA% in RBCs was inversely associated with RF positivity in SE-positive participants (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.79), but not SE-negative participants. Similar associations were seen with anti-CCP positivity in SE-positive participants (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.89), but not SE-negative participants. In the SERA cohort at baseline, n-3 FA supplement use was associated with a lower prevalence of RF positivity in SE-positive participants (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.82), but not SE-negative participants; similar but non-significant trends were observed with anti-CCP2. Conclusions The potential protective effect of n-3 FAs on RA-related autoimmunity may be most pronounced in those who exhibit HLA class II genetic susceptibility to RA.
Accumulation of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in human brain during therapeutic administration
Authors: P F Renshaw, A R Guimaraes, M Fava, J F Rosenbaum, J D Pearlman, J G Flood, P R Puopolo, K Clancy, R G Gonzalez
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

In vivo 19fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure the brain concentration of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in five patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and three with major depression. The mean brain:plasma ratio of the parent drug plus the metabolite was significantly elevated to 2.6 (SD = 1.0) (95% confidence interval = 1.9-3.3). This accumulation may have implications for understanding both the therapeutic and the toxic effects of fluoxetine.
Autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with cancer
Authors: R. P. Gale
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Ten patients with non-leukemic neoplasms received intensive, marrow-lethal doses of drugs and radiation followed by rescue with autologous cryopreserved bone marrow (nine) or marrow from an identical twin as part of a phase 1-2 study. Nine patients had extensive disease that was unresponsive to conventional therapy. Marrow engraftment was documented in all evaluable cases and most patients had a substantial anti-tumor response. Three patients are alive from 4 to 10 months following transplantation without evidence of disease.
How Brexit might affect public health
Authors: Anne Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2016)

EU legislation covers everything from food labelling to disease control. Anne Gulland assesses the effects of leaving

The United Kingdom already has some of the most stringent tobacco control policies in Europe. On 20 May it is set to become only the second country in the world after Australia to introduce plain packaging for cigarettes, going far beyond the EU tobacco products directive.1

The UK also has the highest cigarette prices in the European Union. According to the Tobacco Manufacturers’ Association, the price of a premium packet of 20 cigarettes in the UK is £9.16 (€11.62; $13.23), compared with £5.46 in France, £4.26 in Germany, and £3.78 in Spain.2

The Scottish parliament passed legislation to introduce minimum unit pricing on alcohol in 2012. The legislation has still not come into force because it has been subject to a long running legal challenge by the Scotch Whisky Association. The European Court of Justice ruled in December that the Scottish plans are restrictive to the market but said that if …
The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and its clinical significance among Southeast Asian refugees
Authors: J D Kinzie, J K Boehnlein, P K Leung, L J Moore, C Riley, D Smith
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

All 322 patients at a psychiatric clinic for Indochinese refugees were surveyed to determine the presence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). If PTSD was not diagnosed at the time of initial evaluation, a structured reinterview was performed. Seventy percent of the patients (N = 226) met the criteria for a current diagnosis of PTSD, and an additional 5% (N = 15) met the criteria for a past diagnosis. The Mein had the highest rate of PTSD (93%) and the Vietnamese the lowest (54%). Of the patients with PTSD who were enrolled in the clinic before March 1988, 46% (N = 87) were given a diagnosis of PTSD only after the reinterview. PTSD is a common disorder among Indochinese refugees, but the diagnosis is often difficult to make.
The search: body, mind, and human purpose
Authors: D X Freedman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

Psychiatry's appropriate agenda and severe distractions in sustaining it are presently a concern and have historically been so as we struggle with the issues of linking body, mind, and human purpose. Biology requires behaving, variability, and the development of regulations to implement "purpose" in coping with the milieu. Psychiatry begins and ends with our patients--with their diseases and dysfunctions, their biographies and aspirations--which, as a clinical medical science, we must systematically study. Doing that, we will borrow from and pose problems for all the life sciences. New knowledge about how cells and biological systems acquire, code, and exchange information challenges all of medicine. In assessing our advances and future, we consider the history of biological issues in psychiatry and the "sins" of biologism or reductionism. We will see that research questions and strategies in the current study of disease and therapeutics have not fundamentally shifted from Freud and Meyer to modern molecular neurobiology. The tension between the socially conditioned purposive self and impersonal biological processes is an inescapable intrinsic tension for psychiatry of which we must be cognizant as we continue the search.
TET1 knockdown inhibits the odontogenic differentiation potential of human dental pulp cells
Authors: Li-Jia Rao, Bai-Cheng Yi, Qi-Meng Li, Qiong Xu
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2016)

Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) possess the capacity to differentiate into odontoblast-like cells and generate reparative dentin in response to exogenous stimuli or injury. Ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) is a novel DNA methyldioxygenase that plays an important role in the promotion of DNA demethylation and transcriptional regulation in several cell lines. However, the role of TET1 in the biological functions of hDPCs is unknown. To investigate the effect of TET1 on the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation potential of hDPCs, a recombinant shRNA lentiviral vector was used to knock down TET1 expression in hDPCs. Following TET1 knockdown, TET1 was significantly downregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels. Proliferation of the hDPCs was suppressed in the TET1 knockdown groups. Alkaline phosphatase activity, the formation of mineralized nodules, and the expression levels of DSPP and DMP1 were all reduced in the TET1-knockdown hDPCs undergoing odontogenic differentiation. Based on these results, we concluded that TET1 knockdown can prevent the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of hDPCs, which suggests that TET1 may play an important role in dental pulp repair and regeneration.
Abstract 18102: Threshold Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency on Cardiovascular Outcomes: Below What Level of 25(OH) Vitamin D is Cardiovascular Risk Really Increased?
Authors: Joseph B Muhlestein, Tami L Bair, Heidi T May, Viet T Le, Donald L Lappé, Jeffrey L Anderson
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Epidemiologic studies have identified low 25(OH) vitamin D (vitD) levels as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease and total mortality. However, the actual vitD level threshold below which cardiovascular risk increases is not clearly established. Hypothesis: Among a large general population of patients undergoing clinical testing for vitD, a specific threshold level below which CV risk rises can be identified. Methods: All patients in the Intermountain Healthcare clinical database with at least one vitD level and no history of heart or renal failure were identified. Baseline vitD levels were stratified into four groups (&lt;15 ng/mL [9.2%], 15-29 ng/mL [45.3%), 30-44 ng/mL [32.6%], ≥45 ng/mL [12.8%]) and followed for up to 3 (n=140,056) or 5 (n=69,887) years for MACE including death, new diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and incident heart (HF) or renal (RF) failure. Five year MACE hazard ratios (HRs) comparing groups were calculated by Cox regression, adjusting for 17 baseline variables. Results: A total of 234,920 patients (age 48±20 y, female: 72%, diabetes: 12%, hypertension: 29%, hyperlipidemia: 30%) were studied. Event rates at 3 and 5-y by vitD group are shown in the Table. Adjusted 5 yr MACE HRs, using vitD&lt;15 ng/mL as the comparator, were HR=0.80(p&lt;0.0001), HR=0.75(P&lt;0.0001) and HR=0.75(p&lt;0.0001) for vitD ≥45 ng/mL, 30-44 ng/mL and 15-29 ng/mL respectively, and using vitD≥45 ng/mL as the comparator, were HR=1.34(p&lt;0.0001), 1.07(p=0.02) and 1.00(p=0.93) for vitD&lt;15 ng/mL, 15-29 ng/mL and 30-44 ng/mL respectively. Conclusions: Among a large general population undergoing clinical testing for vitD, a 35% increased CV risk was identified, and was limited to only those with vitD levels &lt;15 ng/mL, comprising 9.2% of the entire group. It is therefore likely that any clinical cardiovascular benefits from vitD supplementation will be limited to those with the lowest baseline vitD levels.
Taunton and Somerset Hospital
Authors: C. H. Cornish
Journal: BMJ (1861)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Object detection is an essential function of the visual system. Although the visual cortex plays an important role in object detection, the superior colliculus can support detection when the visual cortex is ablated or silenced. Moreover, it has been shown that superficial layers of mouse SC (sSC) encode visual features of complex objects, and that this code is not inherited from the primary visual cortex. This suggests that mouse sSC may provide a significant contribution to complex object vision. Here, we use optogenetics to show that mouse sSC is causally involved in figure detection based on differences in figure contrast, orientation and phase. Additionally, our neural recordings show that in mouse sSC, image elements that belong to a figure elicit stronger activity than those same elements when they are part of the background. The discriminability of this neural code is higher for correct trials than incorrect trials. Our results provide new insight into the behavioral relevance of the visual processing that takes place in sSC.