tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Soundings: Beware cloth devils
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2000)

My son wanted to know why the cloth devils in the butter were going to get only Grandma, not the rest of us. Initially, I couldn't work out what he was on about.

The cloth devils were apparently already in Grandma. She hadn't always had them—they had got into her from the food, because she hadn't checked it properly. Whenever she came to see us she looked in the fridge to see if there were any devils there.

The Indians at the local curry house had them, so we couldn't get a takeaway when Grandma was staying. The devils inside her were quite bad, but the ones in the food were even worse and could make her very ill. He had often heard me ask her how bad her cloth devils were this week.

I was still puzzled, and beginning to be offended on my mother's behalf.

Of all the family members to be infiltrated with evil, Grandma, an upstanding member of her local Methodist church, is probably the least likely contender.

But my son was adamant. When we went out for a meal with Grandma, he reminded me, we usually chose the restaurant that had symbols on the menu that meant No Cloth Devils. Why would the symbols be there if the devils were all in his head? The penny dropped. The symbols were for the low cholesterol options.

There is, I think, more to this misconception than the need for me to wash out my kids' ears.

Cloth devils made sense to my son not just because “devils” rhymes with “levels” but because the malapropism reflects the linguistic and cultural undertones of society's reaction to risk factors for disease.

The same subconscious moral reaction occurs when someone we know reveals that they have diabetes, high blood pressure, or even a minor abnormality in a cervical smear.

As my son was trying to explain, if you have been identified as “at risk,” you become bad inside and different from normal people.

It's partly your own fault, because you weren't careful enough, and you will generally need to make up for it by foregoing pleasures and privileges from now on.

The rest of us, who are morally better, can carry on as normal.
Paget Disease
Authors: John Kenneth Blazak, Paul Thomas
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

We present a case of an 81-year-old man with multifocal Paget disease found on bone scan that was performed for incidentally diagnosed prostate cancer. The subsequent 68Ga-PSMA (HBED-CC) PET scan also displayed increased uptake in the same distribution. Multiple known tumors display increased 68Ga-PSMA uptake due to neovasculature. We postulate that increased 68Ga-PSMA uptake within the pagetoid bone relates to neovascularity known to occur in Paget disease. Such pagetic uptake could result in false-positive studies for bone metastases, particularly in the setting of less typical Paget disease.
Endoscopic Fluorescence Observation of Gastric Mucosa After Indomethacin Treatment in Rats
Authors: Y. Murata, H. Matsui, A. Nakahara, N. Tanaka
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Background and Study Aims: The present authors have already reported that mucosal autofluorescence intensity was increased in gastric lesions induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The aim of this study was to clarify whether the observation of mucosal autofluorescence with a newly established endoscopic fluorescence analyzing system could help us to recognize indomethacin-induced gastric lesion formation in vivo.
Association Between<i>CYP2C19</i>Loss-of-Function Allele Status and Efficacy of Clopidogrel for Risk Reduction Among Patients With Minor Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Yilong Wang, Xingquan Zhao, Jinxi Lin, Hao Li, S. Claiborne Johnston, Yi Lin, Yuesong Pan, Liping Liu, David Wang, Chunxue Wang, Xia Meng, Jianfeng Xu, Yongjun Wang
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Data are limited regarding the association between CYP2C19 genetic variants and clinical outcomes of patients with minor stroke or transient ischemic attack treated with clopidogrel.To estimate the association between CYP2C19 genetic variants and clinical outcomes of clopidogrel-treated patients with minor stroke or transient ischemic attack.Three CYP2C19 major alleles (*2, *3, *17) were genotyped among 2933 Chinese patients from 73 sites who were enrolled in the Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients with Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events (CHANCE) randomized trial conducted from January 2, 2010, to March 20, 2012.Patients with acute minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack in the trial were randomized to treatment with clopidogrel combined with aspirin or to aspirin alone.The primary efficacy outcome was new stroke. The secondary efficacy outcome was a composite of new composite vascular events (ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death). Bleeding was the safety outcome.Among 2933 patients, 1948 (66.4%) were men, with a mean age of 62.4 years. Overall, 1207 patients (41.2%) were noncarriers and 1726 patients (58.8%) were carriers of loss-of-function alleles (*2, *3). After day 90 follow-up, clopidogrel-aspirin reduced the rate of new stroke in the noncarriers but not in the carriers of the loss-of-function alleles (P = .02 for interaction; events among noncarriers, 41 [6.7%] with clopidogrel-aspirin vs 74 [12.4%] with aspirin; hazard ratio [HR], 0.51 [95% CI, 0.35-0.75]; events among carriers, 80 [9.4%] with clopidogrel-aspirin vs 94 [10.8%] with aspirin; HR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.69 to 1.26]). Similar results were observed for the secondary composite efficacy outcome (noncarriers: 41 [6.7%] with clopidogrel-aspirin vs 75 [12.5%] with aspirin; HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.34-0.74]; carriers: 80 [9.4%] with clopidogrel-aspirin vs 95 [10.9%] with aspirin; HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.68-1.24]; P = .02 for interaction). The effect of treatment assignment on bleeding did not vary significantly between the carriers and the noncarriers of the loss-of-function alleles (2.3% for carriers and 2.5% for noncarriers in the clopidogrel-aspirin group vs 1.4% for carriers and 1.7% for noncarriers in the aspirin only group; P = .78 for interaction).Among patients with minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, the use of clopidogrel plus aspirin compared with aspirin alone reduced the risk of a new stroke only in the subgroup of patients who were not carriers of the CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles. These findings support a role of CYP2C19 genotype in the efficacy of this treatment.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00979589.
A Windbreaker's Warmth
Authors: Jamie K. Lim
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

On Being a Doctor5 July 2016A Windbreaker's WarmthJamie K. Lim, BScJamie K. Lim, BScFrom Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M15-2247 Audio Reading - “A Windbreaker's Warmth” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "A Windbreaker's Warmth," by J.K. Lim. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The first year of medical school is a humbling experience. As fledgling students of a profession defined by its hierarchical nature and wearyingly steep learning curves, we are constantly reminded of how little we know and how little we can do and regularly confront the frustrations of remaining useless to the ill. When we see patients, often we do the only thing we can: We listen. We observe. We absorb. And sometimes, unburdened by any practical agenda, aided by our very incapacity to move patients, we become moved by their stories.One Friday afternoon, I walked into an examination room ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.Corresponding Author: Jamie K. Lim, BSc, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118; e-mail, [email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “A Windbreaker's Warmth” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "A Windbreaker's Warmth," by J.K. Lim. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 5 July 2016Volume 165, Issue 1Page: 65-66KeywordsBreathingComputersIncontinenceLearning curvesNutritionPatient advocacyRadiologistsSleepSleep apneaTemperature ePublished: 5 July 2016 Issue Published: 5 July 2016 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2016 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Expression of CD52 in B-cell and T-cell lymphomas compared to normal T-cells as a potential guide for antibody therapy
Authors: J. A. Walewski, G. Rymkiewicz, K. Blachnio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

6720 Background: Despite expanding use of anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody in the treatment of lymphoma/leukemia little is known about possible impact of antigen expression on therapeutic response. The purpose of this study was to evaluate degree of CD52 expression on lymphoma cells from new patients referred to the MSCM Cancer Center in Warsaw. Methods: Fine needle aspiration from lymph nodes, peripheral blood or bone marrow mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for CD52 expression and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was calculated and compared to normal T lymphocytes from the same sample (MFI ratio). Results: Samples from 48 patients with the following lymphoma histology were analysed: small lymphomcytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (SLL/CLL) - 17, hairy cell leukemia (HCL) -1, splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) - 5, mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma - 2, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) - 2, Burkitt's lymphoma - 4, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) - 3, follicular lymphoma (FL) - 4, T/NK cell precursor lymphoma (T/NK-LBL) - 6, B-cell precursor lymphoma (B-LBL) - 1, plasma cell myeloma (MM) - 3, reactive lymph node hyperplasia (RLNH) -1. Relative CD52 expression on SLL/CLL cells was highly variable with a range of MFI ratio from 1.4 to 13. Among other lymphoma subtypes the highest CD52 MFI was found in SMZL and HCL, followed by DLBCL and BL, and was relatively low in MCL and FL patients. In T/NK-LBL samples only a proportion of lymphoma cell population expressed CD52 antigen and MFI on positive cells was uniformly lower than MFI of normal T cells from the same sample with a MFI ratio range of 0–14. Conclusions: These data indicate marked variability of CD52 expression in SLL/CLL cells, consistently high expression in SMZL, and a substantial decrease of CD52 expression in T/NK lymphoma cells. This may suggest caution in using anti-CD52 antibody in the novel treatment protocols for T/NK cell lymphoma/leukemia and a promising indication for its use in SMZL. Both will need a closer look at corelation of clinical response to anti-CD52 antibody with antigen expression on neoplastic cells. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Roche Polska Roche Polska
Case 45-1965
Authors: Warren Point, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

Presentation of CaseA seventy-three-year-old woman entered the hospital for a herniorrhaphy.She had been well until five months previously, when she first noticed a swelling in the right groin that was mildly painful at intervals but regularly disappeared when she assumed the supine position. Two weeks before entry diarrhea developed, with the occasional passage of small amounts of bright-red blood. She experienced mild discomfort and a sensation of fullness in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen for several weeks before admission.There was no history of hematemesis, nausea, vomiting, pain in the upper portion of the abdomen, melena, . . .
OC-049 Bak expression regulates<i>Helicobacter felis</i>-induced gastric epithelial cell apoptosis and the extent of gastric atrophy in vivo
Authors: A A Abuderman, A Varro, D M Pritchard
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Infection with <i>Helicobacter</i> bacteria leads to a chronic superficial gastritis. In some cases this may progress to atrophic gastritis and subsequently gastric adenocarcinoma. Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death in multicellular organisms and defects in its regulation may contribute towards carcinogenesis. Bak is a pro-apoptotic member of the bcl-2 family of proteins which has been shown to play important roles in the regulation of γ-radiation induced apoptosis in the stomach1 and colonic carcinogenesis <i>in vivo</i>.2 We therefore hypothesise that bak-regulated apoptosis may influence the development of <i>Helicobacter</i>-induced gastric cancer and have investigated whether <i>H felis</i>-induced gastric apoptosis and gastric atrophy are altered in a bak-null mouse model. <h3>Methods</h3> An initial time-course to assess the consequences of <i>H felis</i> infection was performed using groups of 6 adult C57BL/6 male mice sacrificed 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 20 weeks after infection. Groups of 7 C57BL/6 male mice and 7 bak-null male mice (on a C57BL/6 genetic background) were subsequently infected with <i>H felis</i> for 6 weeks. Histological and immunohistochemical techniques were used to assess the extent of infection, inflammation, bak expression, atrophy (using anti-H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ATPase to label parietal cells), cell proliferation (using anti-Mib-1) and apoptosis (using anti-active caspase-3). <h3>Results</h3> <i>H felis</i> infection of C57BL/6 mice resulted in an increase in gastric bak expression at 2 weeks and a significant decrease in the number of parietal cells was observed at 6 weeks, which then returned to control levels by 20 weeks. Cell proliferation and apoptosis both increased with time following <i>H felis</i> infection. 6 weeks following <i>H felis</i> infection, bak-null mice showed significantly less gastric atrophy and apoptosis than C57BL/6 mice, but no significant changes in proliferation were observed. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Gastric epithelial bak expression, atrophy, proliferation and apoptosis were increased following <i>H felis</i> infection of wild-type mice. After 6 weeks of <i>H felis</i> infection, bak-null mice showed significantly less atrophy and less apoptosis compared to their wild-type counterparts. These data suggest that bak plays a significant role in modulating the short-term consequences of <i>Helicobacter</i> infection in the murine stomach. Further studies at later timepoints following <i>H felis</i> infection are therefore warranted to investigate whether bak expression also regulates the development of gastric carcinoma.
Platelet MAO activity in geriatric patients with depression and dementia
Authors: G S Alexopoulos, R C Young, K W Lieberman, C A Shamoian
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

The authors studied platelet MAO activity in psychiatrically hospitalized geriatric patients with depression and dementia. Platelet MAO activity was higher in demented patients with and without depression and in depressed patients with reversible dementia than in nondemented depressed patients. The data suggest that abnormally high platelet MAO activity may reflect a predisposition to the development of a dementia syndrome.
Critical Role of Glucose Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast‐like Synoviocytes
Authors: Ricard Garcia‐Carbonell, Ajit S. Divakaruni, Alessia Lodi, Ildefonso Vicente‐Suarez, Arindam Saha, Hilde Cheroutre, Gerry R. Boss, Stefano Tiziani, Anne N. Murphy, Monica Guma
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2016)

Up-regulation of glucose metabolism has been implicated not only in tumor cell growth but also in immune cells upon activation. However, little is known about the metabolite profile in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), particularly in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). This study was undertaken to evaluate whether changes in glucose metabolism in RA FLS could play a role in inflammation and joint damage.Synovium and FLS were obtained from patients with RA and patients with osteoarthritis (OA). The rate of glycolysis after stimulation of FLS with lipopolysaccharide and platelet-derived growth factor BB was measured using glycolysis stress test technology. FLS function was evaluated using a glycolysis inhibitor, 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG). After stimulation of the FLS, a migration scratch assay, MTT assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to measure the effect of 2-DG on FLS migration, viability of the FLS, and cytokine secretion, respectively. IRDye 800CW 2-DG was used to assess glucose uptake in the arthritic joints and stromal cells of mice after K/BxN mouse serum transfer. The mice were injected daily, intraperitoneally, with 3-bromopyruvate (BrPa; 5 mg/kg) to assess the effect of inhibition of glycolysis in vivo.Compared to human OA FLS, the balance between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation was shifted toward glycolysis in RA FLS. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression correlated with baseline functions of the RA FLS. Glucose deprivation or incubation of the FLS with glycolytic inhibitors impaired cytokine secretion and decreased the rate of proliferation and migration of the cells. In a mouse model of inflammatory arthritis, GLUT1 mRNA expression in the synovial lining cells was observed, and increased levels of glucose uptake and glycolytic gene expression were detected in the stromal compartment of the arthritic mouse joints. Inhibition of glycolysis by BrPa, administered in vivo, significantly decreased the severity of arthritis in this mouse model.Targeting metabolic pathways is a novel approach to understanding the mechanisms of disease. Inhibition of glycolysis may directly modulate synoviocyte-mediated inflammatory functions and could be an effective treatment strategy for arthritis.
P-090 Comparison of progression-free survival in gastric cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone versus chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy: a randomized, multi-center phase III clinical trial (in progress)
Authors: P. Haddad, K. Ali-Moghaddam, H. Mahmoodzadeh, M. Lashkari, B. Kalaghchi, L. Sharifi-Aliabadi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Prioritizing Chemicals for Risk Assessment Using Chemoinformatics: Examples from the IARC Monographs on Pesticides
Authors: Neela Guha, Kathryn Z. Guyton, Dana Loomis, Dinesh Kumar Barupal
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Identifying cancer hazards is the first step towards cancer prevention. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs Programme, which has evaluated nearly 1,000 agents for their carcinogenic potential since 1971, typically selects agents for hazard identification on the basis of public nominations, expert advice, published data on carcinogenicity, and public health importance.
Relationship of pharmacokinetics (PK), toxicity, and initial evidence of clinical activity with IMGN853, a folate receptor alpha (FRa) targeting antibody drug conjugate in patients (Pts) with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and other FRa-positive solid tumors.
Authors: Kathleen N. Moore, Joseph Ponte, Patricia LoRusso, Michael J. Birrer, Todd Michael Bauer, Hossein Borghaei, David M. O'Malley, Rodrigo Ruiz-Soto, Robert Lutz, Laeeq Malik
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

5571 Background: IMGN853 is a FRα-targeting ADC that comprises a FRa-binding antibody conjugated with the potent maytansinoid tubulin inhibitor, DM4. FRa is highly expressed on many solid tumors, particularly EOC, endometrial, non-small cell lung cancer, and clear cell renal cancer Methods: The phase I primary objectives are to determine the maximum tolerated dose and recommended phase 2 dose. The secondary objectives include evaluation of safety, PK, pharmacodynamics and preliminary efficacy. Analysis of PK data and the relationship with ocular toxicity, the dose limiting toxicity at 7.0 mg/kg total body weight (TBW) and initial evidence of clinical activity from patients in this ongoing study is described. Results: Thirty pts have been enrolled across 7 dose levels 0.15 to 7.0 mg/kg TBW (IV) every 21 days (Q3W). The occurrence of ocular toxicity was associated with high Cmax (p=0.0004 Fisher exact test) and high early exposure levels, (area under the curve in the first 24 hours (AUC0-24) (p=0.0001)). Covariate analysis indicated a correlation between weight and Cmax (Pearson r=0.48, p=0.02). Preliminary evidence of clinical activity (CA125 CGIC response criteria, partial response (PR), SD > 6 cycles) was observed in 10/24 patients receiving doses > 3.3 mg/kg (TBW). There was evidence of a threshold exposure level for activity around AUC0- ∞>12,944 (hr ug/ml). In patients with these exposure levels, clinical activity was observed in 5/6 serous or transitional EOC pts and 2/4 endometrial pts. The final clinical activity threshold may vary slightly as additional pts are enrolled. Based on these results, and PK modeling, dosing by adjusted ideal body weight (ADJ) was identified as a means to decrease PK variability due to body weight dependence. The phase I trial has been amended to evaluate this hypothesis. Conclusions: Preliminary evidence of anti-tumor activity is encouraging, and results from the PK analysis suggest ADJ dosing should enable more pts to be treated within a clinically relevant therapeutic window. Clinical trial information: IMGN853-0401 NCT01609556.
CMV~IMPACT: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial of Immuno-Prophylactic Adoptive Cellular Therapy following Sibling Donor Allogeneic HSCT
Authors: Karl S Peggs, Eleni Tholouli, Ronjon Chakraverty, Emmanouil Nikolousis, Adrian Bloor, Stephen Devereux, Kim H. Orchard, Charles Crawley, Anne Parker, Stephen P Robinson, Frederick Chen, Gordon Cook, Richard E Clark, Kirsty Thomson, Matthew Cobb, Katy Newton, Simon Thomas, Paul Moss
Journal: Blood (2014)
P-273 Hepatectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin for three months for liver metastases from colorectal cancer: a multicenter phase 2 study
Authors: Satake Hironaga, Tsuji Akihito, Hashida Hiroki, Tanioka Hiroaki, Miyake Yasuhiro, Watanabe Takanori, Matsuura Masato, Kyogoku Masahito, Kotake Takeshi, Okita Yoshihiro, Hatachi Yukimasa, Kotaka Masahito, Kato Takeshi, Kaihara Satoshi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Bound on High-Density Lipoprotein Is Associated With Lower Risk for Cardiac Death in Stable Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Authors: Loukianos S. Rallidis, Constantinos C. Tellis, John Lekakis, Ioannis Rizos, Christos Varounis, Athanasios Charalampopoulos, Maria Zolindaki, Nikolaos Dagres, Maria Anastasiou-Nana, Alexandros D. Tselepis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
P2-004: MicroRNAs in human lung cancer and human lung embryogenesis
Authors: Enric Carcereny, Elena Gallardo, Alfonso Navarro, Bernat Gel, Sonia Jansa, Ramon Marrades, Josep Ramirez, Francesc Casas, Nuria Viñolas, Mariano Monzó
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)