tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P184 Female Genital Tuberculosis: The Long Road To Diagnosis
Authors: J. Potter, S. Leddy, H. Kunst, V. White
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Female genital tuberculosis (TB) is rarely encountered in the UK but early diagnosis and treatment can prevent significant morbidity. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a retrospective study of all patients treated at our institution for female genital TB between 2004 and 2014. Data including demographics, symptoms, microbiological and histological diagnoses and treatment outcomes were recorded. <h3>Results</h3> 10 cases of female genital TB were identified. These account for approximately 0.71% of our TB cases, giving a local incidence of female genital TB of approximately 0.5/100,000 population. Mean age was 37.9 +/-14.3. Five patients were from Bangladesh, two from India and one from Pakistan, Cyprus and Somalia. Mean duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 24.3 months, range: 0–84. Presenting symptoms included infertility (50%), menorrhagia (10%), amenorrhoea (20%), irregular menstrual bleeding (40%), dyspareunia (20%), vaginal discharge (10%), post coital bleeding (10%) and lower abdominal pain (50%). Patients also experienced fevers (30%), night sweats (10%) and weight loss (10%). All patients had either a laparoscopy or hysteroscopy with biopsy of the endometrium in nine cases and the ovary in one case. Seven cases were found to have necrotising granuloma on biopsy of which two were positive for Ziehl-Neelson (ZN) staining, two were negative and three were not performed. Non-necrotising granuloma was seen in one case and histology was unrecorded for two cases but PCR was positive in both these biopsies. Samples were sent for culture in three cases and all had fully sensitive TB. All cases were treated with standard TB treatment. In two cases treatment is ongoing. One patient died from a co-existing condition. Seven patients completed treatment, of which four had full symptom resolution, two remain under the infertility team and one has ongoing abdominal pain. Median treatment duration was six months. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This case series highlights the delay in diagnosis and the significant morbidity – particularly infertility – experienced by patients with genital TB. Samples were frequently not sent for culture. Raising awareness of TB within obstetrics and gynaecology and highlighting the importance of considering TB in patients from high incidence countries may help reduce diagnostic delay for these women.
PWE-141 Continuity Of Care in Hepatitis C Patients Serving a Custodial Sentence in Scotland
Authors: S A Smith, J Dillon, S Fraser
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) has been deemed by the Scottish Government to be ‘One of the most serious and significant public health risks of our generation’.<sup>1</sup> Approximately 90% of those who are currently infected acquired the virus through drug injecting behaviour.<sup>2</sup> A custodial sentence provides a unique opportunity to focus on hard to reach patients, providing the possibility of testing, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. <h3>Methods</h3> An online questionnaire was made available to nursing staff currently working for the Scottish Prison Service (SPS). A questionnaire was also given to prisoners currently incarcerated in Scottish Prisons. The data gathered was compiled to evaluate the need for a standardised care pathway for HCV in the SPS. <h3>Results</h3> Almost half of prisoners considered themselves to be at risk of HCV. Seventeen per cent of prisoners who did not consider themselves to be at risk had shared needles and/or other injecting paraphernalia. Eighty-eight per cent of blood borne virus nurses thought it would be of benefit if the prisoner did not move prison whilst receiving HCV treatment. Forty seven per cent of prisoners considered themselves to be at risk of Hepatitis C and 2% were unsure of their potential risk. Twentyseven per cent of prisoners who do not consider themselves to be at risk have used intravenous drugs, 10.6% have shared needles and a further 6% have shared other injecting paraphernalia. Eightytwo per cent of the people who considered themselves to be at risk, or were unsure of their potential risk have been offered a test and 74% have been tested. Seventy per cent of the group that have been tested were tested in prison. Fifty seven per cent tested positive. Eightyeight per cent of blood borne virus nurses thought it would be of benefit to the treatment of Hepatitis C if the prisoner did not move prison whilst receiving treatment. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A clear majority of the nurses thought that a standardised transfer form would be of benefit to patient care. As a result of this finding a standardised transfer form is in the process of being designed. The secondary outcome measures proved most interesting. Many prisoners claimed to have been vaccinated against Hepatitis C, indicating their lack of understanding of the virus. Further research is needed into improving education for the high risk population. A lack of awareness of HCV amongst prisoners was identified, making further education crucial to achieving satisfactory health promotion and disease prevention. This study also concludes that a standardised transfer form would be of benefit to patient care. Further research is needed into improving education for the high risk population. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Hepatitis C Action Plan for Scotland:Phase II:May 2008-March 2011 Scottish Prison Service. 11th Prisoner Survey 2007. SPS Edinburgh
Inhibition of Tumor Initiation and Promotion by Anti-Inflammatory Agents 2
Authors: Thomas J. Siaga, John D. Scribner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents greatly reduced, but did not completely suppress, tumor promotion in mouse skin by the croton oil factor 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The 3-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent dexamethasone, which previously completely suppressed TPA promotion, markedly reduced tumor initiation by 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA), and reduced complete carcinogenesis by MCA. The inhibition of initiation appeared to be substantially greater than that obtained previously with other agents and suggested that dexamethasone may be a valuable tool for the study of events in tumor initiation. The results also suggested that only a small part of the carcinogenic potency of MCA was due to promotion of the type brought about by TPA.
FOUR-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (4D-MRI) FLOW ENERGY LOSS: NEW INSIGHT INTO FONTAN CIRCULATION IN ADULT PATIENTS
Authors: Atsushi Kitagawa, Keiichi Itatani, Manabu Takanashi, Takashi Honda, Sumito Kimura, Kagami Miyaji, Masahiro Ishii
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
MRI IN PATIENTS WITH IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC DEVICES AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF A STANDARDIZED PROTOCOL: A QUALITY INITIATIVE PROVIDING PATIENT SAFETY
Authors: Juan Camilo Camacho, Nima Kokabi, Michael Hoskins, Michael S. Lloyd, Mikhael El Chami, Courtney A. Moreno, Pardeep K. Mittal, Stamatios Lerakis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Abstract 5131: Escape from breast cancer therapy, are neuropilins the key
Authors: Sapna Lunj, Carolyn A. Staton, Ingunn Holen, Kurt Ballmer-Hofer, Malcolm W. Reed, Nicola J. Brown
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The anti-VEGF antibody Bevacizumab (Bz) inhibits VEGF binding to VEGF-R1/2 and increases progression free survival in breast cancer patients. However, eventually tumors escape treatment control and we hypothesize that this may be because Bz does not prevent VEGF from binding to its alternative receptors, the neuropilins (Np1 &amp; Np2). Gene expression of VEGF165, VEGF165b and the VEGF receptors, VEGF-R1/2, Np1 and Np2 in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) and three breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, MDA-MB-231 &amp; MDA-MB-436) was assessed using standard PCR techniques and protein expression by Western blot. The effects of 4 different Np1 binding peptides and Bz were assessed on EC differentiation (Matrigel assay of tubule formation), migration (scratch assay) and proliferation (MTS assay). PCR revealed that VEGF and Np1/Np2 are expressed in ECs and all three breast cancer cell lines whereas VEGF-R1/2 are expressed in ECs and MDA-MB-436/231 cells only. These data were also confirmed by Western blot analysis. EC differentiation when measured as tubule number or branch points was significantly inhibited (p&amp;lt;0.005) by three Np1 binding peptides (p2, p7b &amp; p10) whereas a fourth peptide (p1) had no effect. In contrast there was no significant effect on EC or breast cancer cell proliferation, although p10 caused a slight inhibition of MDA-MB-436 proliferation. Bz demonstrated a profound inhibition of EC tubule formation (Bz: 52.8± 7.2 vs. control: 76.3±1.4) but did not significantly inhibit EC or breast cancer proliferation. The effects of the peptides on migration was variable, with all four peptides having a slight inhibitory effect on EC migration, whereas only p1 and p7b slightly reduced MDA-MB-231 migration and only p10 reduced MDA-MB-436 migration. These data are currently being confirmed using the Boyden chamber, an alternative migration assay and combination studies of Bz with the most effective Np1 binding peptides are being performed These data show that endothelial and breast cancer cells express Np1/Np2 receptors, and one Np1 binding peptide (p10: GSGSTRPPRRRR) inhibits both EC differentiation and breast cancer cell proliferation, and potentially EC and breast cancer cell migration in vitro, suggesting that this peptide may have therapeutic potential for breast cancer treatment. In vivo studies are evaluating the response to Np1 inhibition (p10) alone and in combination with Bz on angiogenesis in a breast tumor model using subcutaneous implantation of either MDA-MB-231 or MDA-MB-436 cells. Supported by Breast Cancer Campaign Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5131. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5131
Abstract 5328: Interleukin-4 receptor regulates metastasis of mammary epithelial cancer cells
Authors: Katherine T. Venmar, Daniel G. Hwang, Ashley Dozier, Kathy J. Carter, Sareena Gillani, Barbara Fingleton
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Interleukin-4 (IL-4), a cytokine produced mainly by immune cells, may promote cancer cell survival by mediating apoptosis resistance in epithelial tumors. The IL-4 Receptor (IL-4R) is overexpressed in a variety of human solid cancer cell lines and primary cell lines, and may be a promising target for anti-tumor therapy. Here, we show that loss of IL-4Rα, a component of the IL-4 receptor, in two murine mammary tumor cell lines (R221A and 4T1), reduces tumor cell survival and results in attenuated metastatic growth in secondary sites. Proliferation and direct cell counting analyses, following knockdown of IL-4Rα with RNA interference, show that R221A clones with reduced IL-4Rα expression proliferate at a comparable rate to control clones, but the number of cells is significantly reduced. This data correlates with the finding that reduced IL-4Rα expression in R221A cells almost completely abolishes tumor take after orthotopic mammary injection in vivo. Furthermore, reduced IL-4Rα expression in R221A and 4T1 cell lines results in a decrease [2.4 fold] in lung metastatic growth in vivo. Reduced expression of IL-4Rα in 4T1 cells results in a similar decrease of liver metastasis. In support of this data, proliferation assays following serum starvation and a modified clonogenic survival assay show that both 4T1 and R221A knockdown clones have a decrease [2 fold] in survival ability in comparison to control clones. Taken together, our results indicate that the IL-4 receptor promotes survival of breast cancer cells at metastatic sites, and suggests that drugs targeting this pathway, currently in clinical trials for respiratory ailments, may have potential for limiting metastatic disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5328. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5328
Abstract 4111: A transcriptional variant of the LC3A gene is involved in autophagy and frequently inactivated in human cancers
Authors: Shinsuke Yamamoto, Jun Inoue, Hua Bai, Tatsuyuki Kawano, Johji Inazawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3: LC3) has an important role in autophagy. The human LC3 gene family has five members, LC3A (variant-1: v1 and –2: v2), LC3B, LC3B2, and LC3C. While a form of LC3B modified by phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (form-II) is localized in autophagosomes, it is not clear whether other LC3 proteins also function in autophagy. Here, we examined the association between autophagy and human LC3 proteins during starvation- or p53-induced autophagy in Saos-2 cells. In an analysis of the intracellular distribution of each LC3 protein fused with GFP, GFP-LC3Av1 was frequently localized in autophagosomes with a punctate pattern, similar to GFP-LC3B. Further, endogenous LC3Av1 generated form-II and mostly localized in LC3B-positive autophagosomes during the induced autophagy. Interestingly, LC3Av1, not LC3B, was frequently inactivated at the transcriptional level in various human cancer cell lines (111/244 cell lines, 45.5%) and its inactivation was due to aberrant DNA methylation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines and primary tumors. Restoration of LC3Av1 expression in KYSE170 cells, an LC3Av1-inactivated ESCC cell line, showed the inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. These results suggest that LC3Av1, not only LC3B, functions in autophagy and further, LC3Av1 may be crucial in carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4111. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4111
P382 INHIBITION OF METALLOPROTEASE HYPERACTIVITY IN CYSTIC CHOLANGIOCYTES HALTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLYCYSTIC LIVER DISEASES
Authors: P. Munoz-Garrido, A.D. Uribarri, M.J. Perugorria, O. Erice, M. Merino-Azpitarte, A. Arbelaiz, E. Lozano, R. Jiménez-Agüero, E. Hijona, M.G. Fernandez-Barrena, J.P. Jimeno, M. Marzioni, J.J.G. Marin, T.V. Masyuk, N.F. La Russo, J. Prieto, L. Bujanda, J.M. Banales
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Use of a scissors forceps for the endoscopic removal of a distally migrated self-expandable metallic stent adhering to the duodenal mucosa
Authors: Yuji Nishi, Itaru Naitoh, Takahiro Nakazawa, Kazuki Hayashi, Katsuyuki Miyabe, Shuya Shimizu, Takashi Joh
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Covered self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) occasionally migrate [1], and various techniques for their removal have been reported [2] [3] [4] [5]. However, the use of a scissors forceps for the endoscopic removal of a distally migrated SEMS that has adhered to the duodenal mucosa has not been previously reported.
The Treatment of Chronic Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Jay H. Hoofnagle, Adrian M. Di Bisceglie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Chronic viral hepatitis is the principal cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in the world and now ranks as the chief reason for liver transplantation in adults.13 Of the five known hepatitis viruses, three can cause persistent infection and chronic hepatitis: the hepatitis B virus (HBV),4 the hepatitis C virus (HCV),5 and the hepatitis delta (or hepatitis D) virus (HDV).6 The other two viruses, hepatitis A and hepatitis E, cause acute, self-limited disease only. Recent findings suggest that there is an additional form of viral hepatitis to which two recently discovered human viruses — the hepatitis . . .
Redeployment of proximally misplaced self-expandable metallic stent in an inoperable esophageal carcinoma, using an overtube technique
Authors: Tsung-Hsun Yang, Sheng-Lei Yan, Chien-Hua Chen, Yung-Hsiang Yeh, Shing-Kao Yueh
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Placement of self-expandable metallic stents (SEMSs) has been demonstrated to be a safe palliative procedure for patients with inoperable esophageal cancer and dysphagia [1] [2]. When deployed distally from the stricture, most SEMSs can be repositioned endoscopically by pulling the lasso attached to the proximal end of the SEMS. However, if the deployment of the SEMS is completely proximal from the stricture, endoscopic repositioning of the SEMS is challenging. We report here a novel method for redeploying a proximally misplaced SEMS using an overtube.
A RAPID PERSONALITY EVALUATION
Authors: HARRY GRANT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1946)

1. A personality evaluation, based on the Minnesota Multiphasic Test and the Cornell Selectee Index, has been devised for rapidity and ease of administration and scoring. 2. It gives a qualitative and quantitative estimate of personality maladjustment, lends itself to group testing, and can be administered and scored by personnel with secondary education and limited training. 3. It has a high screening power—above 90 percent. 4. It may be used for screening at induction stations, selection of flying personnel, pre-employment examinations, checking progress of neuropsychiatric patients, and as an aid in differential diagnosis in some instances.
Abstract 666: Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of compounds that induce methuosis, a novel type of non-apoptotic cell death
Authors: Michael W. Robinson, Ashley M. Young, Jean H. Overmeyer, Paul W. Erhardt, William A. Maltese
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Methuosis is a caspase-independent form of necrotic cell death in which massive accumulation of vacuoles derived from macropinosomes ultimately causes cells to detach from the substratum and rupture. This form of death was initially described in glioblastoma cells overexpressing activated GTPases, such as Ras or Rac1, but methuosis-like forms of death have since been reported in other types of cells exposed to different stimuli. We have been interested in developing small molecules that can induce methuosis because of the possibility that stimulating this alternative death pathway may represent a useful therapeutic strategy for cancers that are refractory to apoptosis. We now describe the synthesis and biological testing of a class of small molecules that can effectively induce methuosis in glioblastoma cells at low micromolar concentrations. Details of the design and synthesis of a directed library of these novel compounds will be presented, including complete chemical structures and definition of structure-activity relationships. Each compound was evaluated for its ability to induce cytoplasmic vacuolization and reduce cell viability in U251 glioblastoma cells, using phase contrast microscopy, MTT and colony-forming assays as readouts. The results highlight a lead compound with an EC50 of approximately 1-3 micromolar, based on results from both MTT and colony-forming assays. Although the specific molecular target of these compounds is currently unknown, preliminary evidence indicates that they work at the level of endosome trafficking steps mediated by the Rab5 and Rab7 GTPases. The status of work toward target identification will be discussed. The potential significance of these studies is underscored by our recent observation that this class of compounds can induce methuosis in glioblastoma cells resistant to the front-line chemotherapeutic drug, temozolomide. This raises the possibility that the current lead compound may serve as a prototype for development of agents that could be used to trigger death by methuosis in drug-resistant cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 666. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-666
Simultaneous duodenal metal stent placement and EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy for unresectable pancreatic cancer with malignant duodenal and biliary obstruction
Authors: Kawakubo Kazumichi, Isayama Hiroyuki, Koike Kazuhiko
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Patients with pancreatic cancer were not infrequently suffered from both biliary and duodenal obstruction. For such patients, both biliary and duodenal self-expandable metal stent placement were necessary to palliate symptoms. Recently, EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS) was reported to be effective for patients with inaccecible to papilla due to tumor invasion. Here, we report two cases of pancreatic cancer with both biliary and duodenal malignant obstruction successfully treated with simultaneous duodenal metal stent placement and EUS-CDS using 7Fr Amsterdam type plastic stent. First case was a 74-year-old man with pancreatic cancer who was presented with jaundice and appetite loss. A duodenoscope revealed that papilla was invaded with tumor and duodenography showed severe stenosis in the horizontal portion. After duodenal uncovered metal stent was placed across the duodenal stricture, EUS-CDS was performed at the duodenal bulb. Second case was a 63-year old man who was previously placed covered metal stent for malignant biliary obstruction due to pancreatic cancer. He had been suffering from recurrent cholangitis due to duodenal obstruction. After removing previously placed biliary metal stent, EUS-CDS was performed at the duodenal bulb. Then, duodenal covered expandable metal stent was placed across the duodenal stenosis. Both patients could tolerate a regular diet and did not suffer from stent occlusion. About 30% of duodenal obstruction was concomitant with biliary obstruction in patients with pancreatic cancer, in which it was difficult to cross two metal stents. Although EUS-CDS was a novel technique and specialized device development was necessary, EUS-CDS combined with duodenal metal stent placement may be an ideal treatment strategy in patients with pancreatic cancer with both duodenal and biliary malignant obstruction.
Electrocardiographic Criteria in the Differential Diagnosis of Pre-Excitation (Wolff–Parkinson–White Syndrome) and Arteriosclerotic Heart Disease
Authors: Joseph Grayzel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THE electrocardiographic picture of prolonged QRS-complex duration with short PR interval was the subject of isolated reports1 , 2 until Wolff, Parkinson and White3 described the clinical syndrome of "bundle-branch block with short PR interval in healthy young people prone to paroxysmal tachycardia."Subsequent studies have demonstrated that premature ventricular excitation, not delayed conduction, prolongs QRS-complex duration. Block of neither the right nor the left bundle branch interferes with premature excitation, suggesting that the main bundles are not pathways for the premature impulse.Many synonyms for the Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome have appeared. These include accessory-bundle syndrome,4 bundle-of-Kent syndrome,5 anomalous atrioventricular excitation,6 pre-excitation7 and . . .