tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Vitamin D and Offspring Wheezing
Authors: Krishnan Bhaskaran, Liam Smeeth, Stephen Evans
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Flecainide versus quinidine for treatment of chronic ventricular arrhythmias. A multicenter clinical trial.
Journal: Circulation (1983)

The antiarrhythmic efficacy and safety of oral flecainide acetate and quinidine sulfate were compared in a double-blind, 16-center parallel trial involving 280 patients with chronic premature ventricular complexes (PVCs). Eighty-five percent of the flecainide patients had at least 80% suppression of PVCs, vs 57% of the quinidine patients (p less than 0.0001). Sixty-eight percent of the flecainide patients met the above criterion and also had complete suppression of couplets and beats of ventricular tachycardia, vs 33% of the quinidine patients (p less than 0.0001). PR and QRS intervals were prolonged by flecainide without clinical consequence, but they were not substantially affected by quinidine (p less than 0.0001). Quinidine prolonged JT (QT minus QRS) intervals significantly more than flecainide (p less than 0.05). Nineteen of 141 flecainide patients and 21 of 139 quinidine patients discontinued therapy because of side effects (p greater than 0.50). Flecainide side effects included dizziness, blurred vision, headache and nausea. Quinidine side effects included diarrhea, nausea, headache and dizziness. Flecainide was more effective than quinidine in suppressing chronic ventricular arrhythmias (especially complex forms), and thus is an important new antiarrhythmic agent.
The CHANGE trial: no superiority of lifestyle coaching plus care coordination plus treatment as usual compared to treatment as usual alone in reducing risk of cardiovascular disease in adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and abdominal obesity
Authors: Helene Speyer, Hans Christian Brix Nørgaard, Merete Birk, Mette Karlsen, Ane Storch Jakobsen, Kamilla Pedersen, Carsten Hjorthøj, Charlotta Pisinger, Christian Gluud, Ole Mors, Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft
Journal: World Psychiatry (2016)

Life expectancy in patients with schizophrenia is reduced by 20 years for men and 15 years for women compared to the general population. About 60% of the excess mortality is due to physical illnesses, with cardiovascular disease being dominant. CHANGE was a randomized, parallel-group, superiority, multi-centre trial with blinded outcome assessment, testing the efficacy of an intervention aimed to improve cardiovascular risk profile and hereby potentially reduce mortality. A total of 428 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and abdominal obesity were recruited and centrally randomized 1:1:1 to 12 months of lifestyle coaching plus care coordination plus treatment as usual (N=138), or care coordination plus treatment as usual (N=142), or treatment as usual alone (N=148). The primary outcome was 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease assessed post-treatment and standardized to age 60. At follow-up, the mean 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease was 8.4 ± 6.7% in the group receiving lifestyle coaching, 8.5 ± 7.5% in the care coordination group, and 8.0 ± 6.5% in the treatment as usual group (p=0.41). We found no intervention effects for any secondary or exploratory outcomes, including cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, weight, diet and smoking. In conclusion, the CHANGE trial did not support superiority of individual lifestyle coaching or care coordination compared to treatment as usual in reducing cardiovascular risk in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and abdominal obesity.
Re: Lars Budäus, Sami-Ramzi Leyh-Bannurah, Georg Salomon, et al. Initial Experience of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT Imaging in High-risk Prostate Cancer Patients Prior to Radical Prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2016;69:393–6
Authors: Thorsten Derlin, Matthias Eiber, Markus Schwaiger, Frank M. Bengel
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Completely Resected Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: J Cortes, J Rodriguez, E Calvo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

For many years, surgery alone was the standard treatment for patients with stage I-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).However, recent studies have demonstrated that adjuvant chemotherapy provides a survival benefit.The first adjuvant chemotherapy for NSCLC was performed in the 1960s using a key drug known as cyclophosphamide.In the 1980s and early 1990s, a new anti-cancer drug, cisplatin, was developed.The first meta-analysis of this drug was conducted by the Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Collaborative Group in 1995.This analysis comparing surgery with surgery plus chemotherapy containing cisplatin produced a hazard ratio of 0.87 and suggested an absolute benefit of chemotherapy of 5% at 5 years;this difference was not statistically significant (p0.08).Several clinical trials of adjuvant chemotherapy were planned after the meta-analysis conducted in 1995, but the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy remained a matter of controversy.However, useful evidence was reported after 2003.The International Adjuvant Lung Cancer Collaborative Group Trial (IALT) demonstrated a 4.1% improvement in survival for patients with stage I to III NSCLC.The JBR. 10 trial demonstrated a 15% improvement in 5-year survival for the adjuvant chemotherapy arm in stage IB or II (excluding T3N0) patients.The Adjuvant Navelbine International Trialist Association (ANITA) trial reported that the overall survival at 5 years improved by 8.6% in the chemotherapy arm and that this survival rate was maintained at 7 years (8.4%) in stage II and IIIA patients.A meta-analysis based on collected and pooled individual patient data from the 5 largest randomized trials was conducted by the Lung Adjuvant Cisplatin Evaluation (LACE).This analysis demonstrated that cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy improved survival in patients with stage II or III cancer.Alterna-tively, uracil-tegafur has been developed and tested in Japan.The Japan Lung Cancer Research Group (JLCRG) on Postsurgical Adjuvant Chemotherapy reported a 5-year overall survival advantage of 11% in the uracil-tegafur group patients with stage IB cancer.The efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy with uracil-tegafur was confirmed in a meta-analysis.In conclusion, the results of phase III trials and a meta-analysis have confirmed the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for resected stage IB, II, and IIIA NSCLC.
Malaria among patients and aid workers consulting a primary healthcare centre in Leogane, Haiti, November 2010 to February 2011 – a prospective observational study
Authors: A Neuberger, O Zaulan, S Tenenboim, S Vernet, R Pex, K Held, M Urman, K Garpenfeldt, E Schwartz
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

Plasmodium falciparum malaria is endemic in Haiti, but epidemiological data are scarce. A total of 61 cases of malaria were diagnosed between November 2010 and February 2011 among 130 Haitian patients with undifferentiated fever. Three additional cases were diagnosed in expatriates not taking the recommended chemoprophylaxis. No cases were diagnosed among aid workers using chemoprophylaxis. In conclusion, malaria is a significant health problem in Leogane, Haiti. Aid workers and visitors should use chemoprophylaxis according to existing guidelines.
Pertussis Surveillance—United States, 1989-1991
Authors: S F Davis, P M Strebel, S L Cochi, E R Zell, S C Hadler
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Incidence of hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) in patients receiving reduced doses of dexamethasone as prophylaxis for carboplatin and paclitaxel in gynecologic malignancies.
Authors: Justin Liauw, Christopher Darus, Diane Allen, Amanda Snow, Alexander Kappelman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

TPS9663 Background: Paclitaxel has been used in combination with a platinum agent as part of standard of care for the treatment of gynecologic malignancies. A major clinical concern with the use of paclitaxel is the potential for hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs). Dexamethasone is given in combination with other premedications to decrease the incidence of HSRs. The manufacturer-recommended premedication regimen includes dexamethasone 20 mg orally, taken 12 and 6 hours prior to the paclitaxel infusion. The cumulative dose of dexamethasone may be excessive and may decrease patient’s quality of life (QOL). Several studies have omitted oral doses of dexamethasone and used a single 20mg dose of intravenous dexamethasone. These trials suggest that reduced doses of dexamethasone can result in a similar rate of HSRs compared with manufacturer-recommended premedication doses. Our study looks to eliminate the oral dexamethasone premedications, like the aforementioned studies, utilizing a single dose of 20 mg of intravenous dexamethasone. Methods: This is a prospective, single arm, interventional, feasibility study. Patients involved in this study will include women with a new diagnosis of ovarian or endometrial cancer that have been selected to receive 3-6 cycles of paclitaxel every 3 weeks with or without carboplatin. The primary endpoint is to document the incidence of paclitaxel HSRs of all grades and HSRs grades 3 and above. Grading of HSRs will be done utilizing the NCI Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) tool, version 3.0. QOL will be measured as a secondary endpoint using the FACT-O questionnaire, which will be administered prior to beginning paclitaxel chemotherapy, and at the end of paclitaxel chemotherapy. All premedication, excluding dexamethasone, will be chosen and dosed according to standard of care. The results of this study will be analyzed with descriptive statistics.
Treatment of chronic hepatitis E with ribavirin: lessons from deep sequencing
Authors: Jérôme Gouttenoire, Dagmara Szkolnicka, Darius Moradpour
Journal: Gut (2016)

Much has been learned about hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection over the last years. We know today that hepatitis E of genotype 3 is a zoonotic infection in the Western world that can be transmitted through the consumption of raw or undercooked pork and game meat, with much higher than anticipated seroprevalence rates, a broad range of hepatic as well as extrahepatic manifestations, and a potential to persist and cause chronic hepatitis as well as cirrhosis in immunocompromised individuals, including transplant recipients as well as patients with haematologic malignancies or poorly controlled HIV infection.1 Fibrosis progression can be rapid in these patients, with a reported 10% developing cirrhosis within 2 years.2 ,3 Reduction of immunosuppressive treatment results in viral elimination in only about 30%.2 ,3 Therefore, antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis E becomes an important issue. Ribavirin (RBV) is commonly used in this situation.4 However, some patients do not achieve sustained viral elimination even after repeated or prolonged courses and become non-responsive to RBV treatment.

On this background, Todt et al 5 report in this issue an in-depth analysis of HEV genome sequence evolution during RBV treatment of chronic hepatitis E. Using deep sequencing technology, the authors observed in a series of nine patients with chronic HEV genotype 3 infection …
Tele-monitoring of ventilator-dependent patients: a European Respiratory Society Statement
Authors: Nicolino Ambrosino, Michele Vitacca, Michael Dreher, Valentina Isetta, Josep M. Montserrat, Thomy Tonia, Giuseppe Turchetti, Joao Carlos Winck, Felip Burgos, Michael Kampelmacher, Guido Vagheggini
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

The estimated prevalence of ventilator-dependent individuals in Europe is 6.6 per 100 000 people. The increasing number and costs of these complex patients make present health organisations largely insufficient to face their needs. As a consequence, their burden lays mostly over families. The need to reduce healthcare costs and to increase safety has prompted the development of tele-monitoring for home ventilatory assistance.A European Respiratory Society Task Force produced a literature research based statement on commonly accepted clinical criteria for indications, follow-up, equipment, facilities, legal and economic issues of tele-monitoring of these patients.Many remote health monitoring systems are available, ensuring safety, feasibility, effectiveness, sustainability and flexibility to face different patients' needs. The legal problems associated with tele-monitoring are still controversial. National and European Union (EU) governments should develop guidelines and ethical, legal, regulatory, technical, administrative standards for remote medicine. The economic advantages, if any, of this new approach must be compared to a "gold standard" of home care that is very variable among different European countries and within each European country.Much more research is needed before considering tele-monitoring a real improvement in the management of these patients.
Outcome and Trends in Treatment of Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in the German National Pediatric Rheumatologic Database, 2000–2013
Authors: Jens Klotsche, Anna Raab, Martina Niewerth, Claudia Sengler, Gerd Ganser, Tilmann Kallinich, Tim Niehues, Markus Hufnagel, Angelika Thon, Toni Hospach, Gerd Horneff, Kirsten Minden
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2016)

To investigate the clinical presentation and medical treatment of patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) during the first year of illness. Our study focused on 3-year outcomes in a subsample of patients who were followed up longitudinally.From 2000 to 2013, 597 patients with systemic JIA and a disease duration of ≤12 months were recorded in the National Pediatric Rheumatologic Database. Among those patients, 3-year outcome data were available for 133. These data included the clinical Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score in 10 joints (JADAS-10) and the physician's global assessment score (on a numerical rating scale), as well as assessment of joint involvement, growth retardation, and patient-reported outcomes.The median clinical JADAS-10 declined significantly, from 7 in 2000 to 2 in 2013, while the proportion of patients with inactive disease increased from 19% in 2000 to 41% in 2013. The rate of treatment with systemic glucocorticoids and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) remained stable from 2000 to 2013. By 2013, the proportion of patients with systemic JIA who were treated with biologic DMARDs had increased to 20%. At 3-year follow-up, 72% of patients with systemic JIA had inactive disease, and 77% had no functional limitations. Growth retardation was associated with persistently high disease activity and continuing treatment with systemic glucocorticoids. At the 3-year follow-up, one-third of patients were still being treated with systemic glucocorticoids.The proportion of patients with inactive disease has increased over the past decade. Possible explanations may include improved access to specialized care, additional treatment options, and earlier or faster step-up treatment. However, challenges in the management of systemic JIA remain, as ∼30% of patients continue to present with ongoing active disease.
NORTH OF ENGLAND DERMATOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Authors: G AUCKLAND
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1958)

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 70, Issue 12 p. 458-462 NORTH OF ENGLAND DERMATOLOGICAL SOCIETY. First published: December 1958 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1958.tb13286.xCitations: 5AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume70, Issue12December 1958Pages 458-462 RelatedInformation
A phase II study of eribulin in patients with HER2-negative, metastatic breast cancer: Evaluation of efficacy, toxicity, and patient-reported outcomes.
Authors: Otto Metzger-Filho, Nancy U. Lin, Steven E. Come, Thomas H. Openshaw, Bryan P. Schneider, Anita Giobbie-Hurder, Harold J. Burstein, Erica L. Mayer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

TPS1138 Background: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) independently and directly describe patient (pt) treatment experiences, are complementary to clinician reports, and are increasingly included in drug development programs. Eribulin (E) has proven activity in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) previously treated with at least two regimens in the advanced setting. However, the clinical activity of E and the pt experience of receiving E in first- and second-line MBC settings, particularly the rates of neuropathy, are not well described, although these data are needed for further drug development. The present study aims to evaluate the activity, safety, and describe PROs of E in an earlier line setting. Methods: This is a non-randomized single arm phase II study of E monotherapy for HER2- MBC. Eligible pts have had 0-1 prior lines of chemotherapy for HER2- MBC, and are enrolled into one of two parallel 45 pt cohorts: one HR+ and one triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). E is dosed 1.4 mg/m2 weekly in a 2 wk on/1 wk off schedule; 1 cycle = 3 wks. The primary objective is evaluation of activity by response rate (ORR); additional objectives include progression-free survival and safety. Correlative PRO endpoints include description and comparison of toxicity evaluation by PROs vs provider-report to determine degree of concordance or divergence for each class of toxicity, and description of QOL over time. The experience of neuropathy will be specifically evaluated by the FACT-Neurotoxicity subscale, as well as blood sample collection for exploration of host polymorphisms and the development of neuropathy. PRO instruments (PRO-CTCAE, FACT-B and FACT-Ntx) are administered at cycles 1-3, then every other cycle until end-of-treatment visit; pts complete the surveys on electronic tablets with direct data entry into the database. A sample size of 90 pts is planned, providing 90% power to detect a 22% improvement in ORR for TNBC (22% vs. 44%), and a 23% improvement in ORR for ER+ (30% vs. 53%). Both calculations assume a two-sided, 0.1 type-1 error and an exact binomial test. Clinical trial information: NCT01827787.
PTU-079 K-ras gene mutations in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis patients in North Indian population
Authors: S K Polipalli, P Kar, S A Husain, A Agarwal, R Gondal
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours in the digestive tract in both sexes. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma shows the highest frequency of K-ras gene mutations among the common human cancers but the reasons are unknown. There is lack of knowledge of prevention, early diagnosis, and effective therapy. The molecular mechanism of pancreatic carcinogenesis remains to be fully explored from India. The study was designed to clarify the sensitivity and validity of K-ras point mutational analysis at codon 12 and codon 13 in North Indian patients with pancreatic diseases, and the possible correlation between the presence of mutation and histopathological findings. <h3>Methods</h3> Sixty-five North Indian patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and fifty chronic pancreatitis were enrolled in this study. Out of 65 pancreatic cancer, 24 patients were female (36.92%) and 41 patients were male (63%) having an average age of 47.42±11.32 years (range 22–70 years), 50 chronic pancreatitis only seven were female (14%) and 43 were male (86%) having an average age of 36.02±10.55 years (range 20–63 years). Codon 12 K-ras mutations were examined using the two step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with RFLP, followed single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and automated DNA sequencing. <h3>Results</h3> The sensitivity of K-ras mutational analysis in surgically resected tissue samples of the pancreatic carcinoma was 72.30% (47/65) and mutations were found in 63% which was significantly higher than the chronic pancreatitis 33% (5/15) (P&lt;0.01). The mutation pattern of K-ras codon 12 in pancreatic carcinoma 63% while it was 12% in chronic pancreatitis. The nucleotide sequences of K-ras showed the following transitions at codon12 GAG to GTG, GGC to GGG. The control group showed wild type GGA and GGC at codon12. It was also found that K-ras mutation rate was progressively increased from normal duct at the tumour-free resection margin to pancreatic carcinoma. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Overall, our findings support the observations that K-ras mutations play a key role in dysregulated growth of pancreatic cancer and may explain at least in part the aggressive behaviour of this tumour type.