tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Conflicts of interest in pharmaceutical sponsored economic studies of breast cancer therapies: An empirical study.
Authors: Jordan D. Lane, Mark W Friedberg, Charles L. Bennett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

6595 Background: Cost-effectiveness studies are increasingly included in the regulatory decisions of many countries and in formulary decisions worldwide. In 1999, we reported that pharmaceutical company sponsorship of economic analyses of three oncology drugs (anti-emetics, granulocyte colony stimulating factors, and taxanes) was associated with reduced likelihood of reporting unfavorable results. We re-evaluate this hypothesis 15 years later, focusing only on a single diagnosis (breast cancer) and an updated review of the economic literature. Methods: Breast cancer was selected for analysis since it is the cancer with the largest number of cost effectiveness studies and the cost of recent drugs has caused questioning of their incremental cost effectiveness. Search of the Tufts Medical Center Cost Effectiveness Analysis Registry resulted in 105 studies published between 1991-2012 that evaluated the cost effectiveness of drugs used to prevent or treat breast cancer. Overall study conclusions regarding cost-effectiveness of the investigated drugs were evaluated using three thresholds: $50,000 per quality adjusted life-year (QALY), $100,000 per QALY, and $150,000 per QALY. A logistical regression was performed to determine how study characteristics including funding source were associated with study findings. Results: Overall, 65 studies were funded by industry (62%). Studies with pharmaceutical company funding were more likely than studies with other funding to report favorable cost-effectiveness estimates (75.4% vs 40.0%, OR = 4.01 CI = 1.55-10.92 at the $50,000 threshold; 80.0% vs 57.5%, OR = 3.14, CI = 1.14-9.08 at the $100,000 threshold; and 87.7% vs 67.5%, OR = 3.27, CI = 1.05-11.08 at the $150,000 threshold). Conclusions: Industry sponsorship continues to be associated with a higher likelihood of reporting favorable results. These findings suggest that steps are necessary to ensure that the cancer cost effectiveness literature is not biased by sponsorship. Expanding funding sources other than pharmaceutical companies for these studies or pre-registering cost effectiveness studies may help mitigate this potential source of bias.
Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
Authors: John A. Oates, Alastair J.J. Wood, Gerald R. Donowitz, Gerald L. Mandell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

IT has been said that curing all cancers would add 2 years to the life expectancy of Americans but that the introduction of antibiotics added 10 years.1 The agent most responsible for this remarkable effect is penicillin, the prototypic beta-lactam antibiotic. The beta-lactam antibiotics include penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems. All have a beta-lactam ring, which is essential for antibacterial activity. In general, these agents have very favorable ratios of therapeutic to toxic effects, and the newer agents have enhanced antibacterial spectrums or favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics.Mechanism of ActionBeta-lactam antibiotics are bactericidal because they inhibit bacterial cell-wall synthesis. Their . . .
Enhancement of Mitotic Activity by Fluorene Derivatives<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref>
Authors: F MOEWUS
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1960)

Twelve fluorene derivatives representing simple modifications of the basic fluorene molecule have been studied for their effect on two unicellular Flagellata: Polytoma uvella, a chlorophyll-free, heterotrophic Volvocales, and Astasia longa, a heterotrophic, euglenoid flagellate. The experiments were evaluated by nuclear counts after 21 hours (Polytoma) and 48 hours (Astasia) of incubation in the presence and absence of the fluorene derivative. Owing to the high sensitivity of the two assay systems, a wide dose range, from 10−5 g/ml. to 10−11 g/ml. could be studied. The response of the organisms consisted in an altered division rate. The dose-response curves were typical for each agent. Fluorene was inactive in both test systems; aminofluorene was active. Acetylation of aminofluorene, particularly in the 2-position, added biological activity to the aminofluorene molecule. Diacetylation strengthened this effect. Hydroxylation of fluorene was more effective in the 1- or 3-position than in the 2-position. The most active compound assayed in this series was 3-OH-2-FAA [N-(3-hydroxy)-2-fluorenylacetamide]; 10−10 g/ml. still induced 20 percent enhancement of the mitotic rate. Deviation of ±10 percent from the baseline (untreated culture) can be considered significant under the standard conditions described. The usefulness of protozoa for certain aspects of cancer research is discussed. Similarities of the physiological characteristics of the protozoan cell and the mammalian cell are pointed out.
Pathophysiological basis of human papillomavirus in penile cancer: Key to prevention and delivery of more effective therapies
Authors: Philippe E. Spiess, Jasreman Dhillon, Adam S. Baumgarten, Peter A. Johnstone, Anna R. Giuliano
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2016)

ABSTRACT Answer questions and earn CME/CNE Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis is a rare malignancy in the United States, with a significantly higher incidence—up to 20 to 30 times greater—in areas of Africa and South America. This can be explained in part by the significantly greater prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among high‐risk males often having unprotected sex with multiple sexual partners. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated as the infectious pathway by which several these penile neoplasms originate from precursor lesions. In this regard, a fundamental understanding of HPV in penile carcinogenesis can have meaningful implications in understanding 1) the diagnosis of HPV‐related precursor penile lesions, 2) targeting HPV‐specific molecular pathways, and 3) cancer prevention. Using vaccination programs not only may improve patient outcomes but also may minimize the need for highly aggressive and often debilitating surgical resection. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:481–495. © 2016 American Cancer Society .
Pilot and Feasibility Trial Evaluating Immuno-Gene Therapy of Malignant Mesothelioma Using Intrapleural Delivery of Adenovirus-IFNα Combined with Chemotherapy
Authors: Daniel H. Sterman, Evan Alley, James P. Stevenson, Joseph Friedberg, Susan Metzger, Adri Recio, Edmund K. Moon, Andrew R. Haas, Anil Vachani, Sharyn I. Katz, Jing Sun, Daniel F. Heitjan, Wei-Ting Hwang, Leslie Litzky, Jennifer H. Yearley, Kay See Tan, Emmanouil Papasavvas, Paul Kennedy, Luis J. Montaner, Keith A. Cengel, Charles B. Simone, Melissa Culligan, Corey J. Langer, Steven M. Albelda
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Purpose: “In situ vaccination” using immunogene therapy has the ability to induce polyclonal antitumor responses directed by the patient's immune system. Experimental Design: Patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) received two intrapleural doses of a replication-defective adenoviral vector containing the human IFNα2b gene (Ad.IFN) concomitant with a 14-day course of celecoxib followed by chemotherapy. Primary outcomes were safety, toxicity, and objective response rate; secondary outcomes included progression-free and overall survival. Biocorrelates on blood and tumor were measured. Results: Forty subjects were treated: 18 received first-line pemetrexed-based chemotherapy, 22 received second-line chemotherapy with pemetrexed (n = 7) or gemcitabine (n = 15). Treatment was generally well tolerated. The overall response rate was 25%, and the disease control rate was 88%. Median overall survival (MOS) for all patients with epithelial histology was 21 months versus 7 months for patients with nonepithelial histology. MOS in the first-line cohort was 12.5 months, whereas MOS for the second-line cohort was 21.5 months, with 32% of patients alive at 2 years. No biologic parameters were found to correlate with response, including numbers of activated blood T cells or NK cells, regulatory T cells in blood, peak levels of IFNα in blood or pleural fluid, induction of antitumor antibodies, nor an immune-gene signature in pretreatment biopsies. Conclusions: The combination of intrapleural Ad.IFN, celecoxib, and chemotherapy proved safe in patients with MPM. OS rate was significantly higher than historical controls in the second-line group. Results of this study support proceeding with a multicenter randomized clinical trial of chemo-immunogene therapy versus standard chemotherapy alone. Clin Cancer Res; 22(15); 3791–800. ©2016 AACR.
Accelerated renal death after unilateral nephrectomy in a rat strain suffering from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
Authors: N Gretz
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1994)

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 4(11):p 1925-1926, May 1994. | DOI: 10.1681/ASN.V4111925
Acute Obstruction of a Chronic Organoaxial Gastric Volvulus Detected on Blood Pool Imaging of a Bone Scan
Authors: Mark Bryanton, Amol Mujoomdar, Irina Rachinsky
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

Acute obstruction of a chronic gastric volvulus was incidentally detected on blood pool imaging of a total body bone scan performed for an elevated prostate-specific antigen level. The patient had been diagnosed with an organoaxial gastric volvulus within a paraesophageal hernia 4.5 years previously, with no evidence for obstruction. The patient remained asymptomatic until becoming acutely obstructed on the day of his bone scan. This case gives further evidence for the additive utility of routine total body blood pool imaging for detecting and characterizing both osseous and nonosseous pathology.
Cells of Origin of Lung Tumors in Mice
Authors: Hanspeter Witschi, M.D., Wanda M. Haschek, Ph.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Journal Article Cells of Origin of Lung Tumors in Mice Get access Hanspeter Witschi, M.D., Hanspeter Witschi, M.D. Biology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Post Office Box Y Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wanda M. Haschek, Ph.D. Wanda M. Haschek, Ph.D. College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 70, Issue 6, June 1983, Page 991, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/70.6.991 Published: 01 June 1983
Anaerobic Infections
Authors: Sherwood L. Gorbach, John G. Bartlett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Pathogenic MechanismsOur philosophic models of infection are based on concepts of microbial monoetiology. Pasteur demonstrated that certain micro-organisms were responsible for specific syndromes. This concept was formalized into its present liturgical style by Robert Koch in his famous "Postulates." To complete the trilogy, Erhlich created a "magic bullet," the drug designed for a specific infection. In its final form, this principle reads: one microbe-one disease-one drug.The concept of monoetiology applies to infections such as lobar pneumonia, typhoid fever, diphtheria and cholera. But this classic design does not fit most infections associated with anaerobic bacteria. These septic processes . . .
DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY EMBOLISM
Authors: H L Israel
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 3980: Recurrence prediction model using microRNA expression in hormone receptor positive and tamoxifen treated breast cancer
Authors: Aeree Kim, Chungyeul Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Hormone receptor positive breast cancer patients have relatively good prognosis after tamoxifen treatment but still about 40% of patients experience treatment failure (1). Recently microRNAs (miRNAs) have been spotlighted as a new biomarker for predicting prognosis and treatment response. The purpose of this study is to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that related with distant recurrence after tamoxifen and standard treatment and then build an early recurrence prediction model. Methods: Our study measured the expression of 5 miRNAs (miR-134, miR-125b-5P, miRNA-30a, miR-10a-5p, and miR-222) that are selected as a tamoxifen resistant related miRNA by previous micro-array experiment and paper review. 176 FFPE tumor tissues of 176 patients who have hormone receptor positive breast cancer with tamoxifen were measured miRNA expression by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results: We identified all 5 miRNAs are up-regulated in distant recurrence cases within 5 years after surgery. Other clinico-pathological parameters that are tumor grade, pathologic stage, HER2 statue and P53 status didn't have any specific correlation with expression of miRNAs. The results suggest that distant recurrence during tamoxifen treatment might be affected by tamoxifen resistant related miRNAs. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses based on expression cut-offs determined by receiver characteristics curves show high expression of miR-134, miR-125b-5P, miRNA-30a, miR-10a-5p, and miR-222 were associated with short relapse-free time(log-rank P = 0.006, P&amp;lt;0.0001, P&amp;lt;0.0001, P&amp;lt;0.0001,and P&amp;lt;0.0001, respectively) Conclusion: The altered expression of miRNAs in hormone receptor positive breast cancer is distinctly related to distant recurrence during tamoxifen treatment. Our results suggest that combination of miRNAs expression model can categorize high-risk subset of patients with short relapse-free and has decent predictive value (AUC = 0.891, p-value&amp;lt;0.0001). Citation Format: Aeree Kim, Chungyeul Kim. Recurrence prediction model using microRNA expression in hormone receptor positive and tamoxifen treated breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3980. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3980
Protein-structure-guided discovery of functional mutations across 19 cancer types
Authors: Beifang Niu, Adam D Scott, Sohini Sengupta, Matthew H Bailey, Prag Batra, Jie Ning, Matthew A Wyczalkowski, Wen-Wei Liang, Qunyuan Zhang, Michael D McLellan, Sam Q Sun, Piyush Tripathi, Carolyn Lou, Kai Ye, R Jay Mashl, John Wallis, Michael C Wendl, Feng Chen, Li Ding
Journal: Nature Genetics (2016)
T-Bet Enhances Regulatory T Cell Fitness and Directs Control of Th1 Responses in Crescentic GN
Authors: Anna Nosko, Malte A. Kluger, Paul Diefenhardt, Simon Melderis, Claudia Wegscheid, Gisa Tiegs, Rolf A.K. Stahl, Ulf Panzer, Oliver M. Steinmetz
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2016)

Th1 cells are central pathogenic mediators of crescentic GN (cGN). Mechanisms responsible for Th1 cell downregulation, however, remain widely unknown. Recently, it was proposed that activation of the Th1–characteristic transcription factor T-bet optimizes Foxp3 + regulatory T (Treg) cells to counteract Th1-type inflammation. Because very little is known about the role of T-bet + Treg1 cells in inflammatory diseases, we studied the function of these cells in the nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN) model of cGN. The percentage of Treg1 cells progressively increased in kidneys of nephritic wild–type mice during the course of NTN, indicating their functional importance. Notably, naïve Foxp3 Cre xT-bet fl/fl mice, lacking Treg1 cells, showed spontaneous skewing toward Th1 immunity. Furthermore, absence of Treg1 cells resulted in aggravated NTN with selectively dysregulated renal and systemic Th1 responses. Detailed analyses of Treg cells from Foxp3 Cre xT-bet fl/fl mice revealed unaltered cytokine production and suppressive capacity. However, in competitive cotransfer experiments, wild–type Treg cells outcompeted T-bet–deficient Treg cells in terms of population expansion and expression levels of Foxp3, indicating that T-bet expression is crucial for general Treg fitness. Additionally, T-bet–deficient Treg cells lacked expression of the Th1–characteristic trafficking receptor CXCR3, which correlated with significant impairment of renal Treg infiltration. In summary, our data indicate a new subtype of Treg cells in cGN. These Treg1 cells are characterized by activation of the transcription factor T-bet, which enhances the overall fitness of these cells and optimizes their capacity to downregulate Th1 responses by inducing chemokine receptor CXCR3 expression.
Less is More
Authors: C. Christopher Smith, Jess Mandel, Booker Bush
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

A 63-year-old woman presented to her physician with fatigue, weakness, anorexia, and an unintentional weight loss of 14.5 kg (32 lb) during the previous four months. She reported increased constipation in the past year, but not melena, hematochezia, or a change in stool caliber. She had intermittent nausea, but not vomiting, dysphagia, distention, or postprandial bloating. She reported no fevers, chills, chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, abdominal pain, dysuria, hematuria, tremor, heat intolerance, or risk factors for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). She had a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (her glycosylated hemoglobin . . .
Epithelial Tubule Formation by Mouse Metanephrogenic Mesenchyme Transplanted &lt;italic&gt;in Vivo&lt;/italic&gt;
Authors: Clifford Grobstein, George Parker
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1958)

Journal Article Epithelial Tubule Formation by Mouse Metanephrogenic Mesenchyme Transplanted in Vivo Get access Clifford Grobstein, Clifford Grobstein Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar George Parker George Parker Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 20, Issue 1, January 1958, Pages 107–119, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/20.1.107 Published: 01 January 1958 Article history Received: 19 July 1957 Published: 01 January 1958
Screening JAK2 V617F-Negative and MPL W515K/L-Negative Essential Thrombocythemia Patients For Mutations In SESN2, DNAJC17, ST13, TOP1MT, and NTRK1
Authors: Carla AL Assaf, Els Lierman, Timothy Devos, Johan Billiet, Carlos Graux, Petros Papadopoulos, Peter Vandenberghe
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract 2538: Long-Term (up to 6 years) Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease in the Treated with Drug-eluting Stents. Insights from the Drug Eluting Stents In the REal World(DESIRE) Registry
Authors: Adriana Moreira, Amanda Sousa, José Costa, Ricardo Costa, Manuel Cano, Galo Maldonado, Edson Romano, Enilton Egito, Fausto Feres, Ricardo Pavanello, Otavio Berwanger, Mariana Carballo, J Eduardo Sousa
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Chronic renal disease has been consistently shown to be an independent predictor of poorer long-term clinical outcomes after percutaneous treatment of coronary artery disease, even in DES era. We sought to evaluate the very long-term clinical outcome after DES implantation in this high risk subset in a real world cenario. Methods and Results: Between May/2002 and Jan/2007, 2,043 pts treated exclusively with DES were consecutively enrolled in the non-randomized, single-center DESIRE Registry. Recent myocardial infarction (72h), saphenous venous graft and patients with &lt; 6months follow-up were excluded. The remaining pts (n=1500) were divided into 2 groups according to their creatinine clearence: Group I -Clearance ≤ 60 (n= 490) and Group II- clearance &gt;60 (n= 1010). Primary endpoint included combined MACE and stent thrombosis (ST) rate. ST was classified according to ARC definitions. Clinical follow-up was obtained at 1, 3 and 6 months and then annually up to 6 years. Follow-up was achieved in 98% of the eligible cohort (median 3.6 years). Baseline characteristics and late outcomes are displayed in the table . Conclusions: In the DESIRE registry the negative impact of renal dysfunction was considerably minimized by the use of DES, resulting in very low and equivalent rates of myocardial infarction, TLR and ST when compared to patients with preserved renal condition. We especulate that the higher mortality among these very complex pts may reflect the severity of their comorbities.
Authors’ reply to Elshimy:
Authors: Anthony D Ormerod, Kim S Thomas
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Elshimy’s thoughtful and important comments provide us with the opportunity to clarify points not covered in the full paper owing to space constraints.1 2 Patients taking rosuvastatin were not included because the summary of product characteristics for this statin stated at the time the study began that its use in combination with ciclosporin was contraindicated, owing to the risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis. This restriction has since been extended to other statins.

In response to the second point, when designing the study of this pragmatic trial, we considered performing a double blind trial but thought that this would not …
Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. An International Working Group Report
Authors: Harold R. Collard, Christopher J. Ryerson, Tamera J. Corte, Gisli Jenkins, Yasuhiro Kondoh, David J. Lederer, Joyce S. Lee, Toby M. Maher, Athol U. Wells, Katerina M. Antoniou, Juergen Behr, Kevin K. Brown, Vincent Cottin, Kevin R. Flaherty, Junya Fukuoka, David M. Hansell, Takeshi Johkoh, Naftali Kaminski, Dong Soon Kim, Martin Kolb, David A. Lynch, Jeffrey L. Myers, Ganesh Raghu, Luca Richeldi, Hiroyuki Taniguchi, Fernando J. Martinez
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)

Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis has been defined as an acute, clinically significant, respiratory deterioration of unidentifiable cause. The objective of this international working group report on acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was to provide a comprehensive update on the topic. A literature review was conducted to identify all relevant English text publications and abstracts. Evidence-based updates on the epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, prognosis, and management of acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are provided. Finally, to better reflect the current state of knowledge and improve the feasibility of future research into its etiology and treatment, the working group proposes a new conceptual framework for acute respiratory deterioration in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and a revised definition and diagnostic criteria for acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.