tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers in occupational cancer epidemiology: considerations in study design.
Authors: R B Hayes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

Epidemiologic studies of occupational groups have been central to the identification of human carcinogens. The incorporation of a biochemical component into occupational studies of cancer can expand the possibilities for identifying human carcinogens and for understanding the disease process. Two epidemiologic studies of occupation and cancer which include evaluation of biomarkers are described. The association of acetylator phenotype with bladder cancer risk was studied in benzidine-exposed workers. The association of benzene-related leukopenia with leukemia is being studied in benzene-exposed workers. These investigations illustrate issues in the use of biomarkers in epidemiologic studies of cancer risk. Such studies require the identification and characterization of the population at risk. Disease susceptibility factors are amenable for inclusion in these studies and can be statistically modeled as exposure-effect modifiers. Biomarkers of exposure are mainly of importance in short-term longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of exposure and intermediate outcomes and for validation of other data sources. Several sources of error can affect the results of molecular epidemiologic studies. Aside from minimizing laboratory error, consideration must be given in the design and execution of these studies to potential problems in subject selection and field collection of biologic samples and other relevant data.
Use of Monoclonal Antibodies to T-Cell Subsets for Immunologic Monitoring and Treatment in Recipients of Renal Allografts
Authors: A. Benedict Cosimi, Robert B. Colvin, Robert C. Burton, Robert H. Rubin, Gideon Goldstein, Patrick C. Kung, W. Peter Hansen, Francis L. Delmonico, Paul S. Russell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry, wer serially monitored lymphocyte subpopulations in renal-allograft recipients treated with either conventional immunosuppression or a monoclonal antibody. In 29 patients given conventional suppression, highly significant correlations between changes in T-cell subsets and rejection were noted. Normal or elevated ratios of OKT4 (helper/inducer) to OKT8 (suppressor/cytotoxic) cells were associated with rejection unless the donor was HLA identical or the total number of T cells was extremely low. In patients with low ratios, rejection seldom occurred. Two patients treated with OKT3 monoclonal antibody for acute rejection had rapid disappearance of OKT3-reactive cells from the peripheral blood and prompt reversal of rejection. The use of monoclonal antibodies allows the precise determination of changes in T-cell subsets and promises the development of therapeutic protocols that can be designed to manipulate selected lymphocyte populations.
Effect of Hyperglycemia on Tumoral Uptake of F-18 FDG
Authors: NEENA N. DAVE, ROHIT WALIA, MERRICK SHOR, AMJAD ALI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

DAVE, NEENA N. M.D.; WALIA, ROHIT M.D.; SHOR, MERRICK M.D.; ALI, AMJAD M.D. Author Information
The Utility of Tc-99m Dextran in the Diagnosis and Identification of Melanoma Metastases Responsible for Protein-Losing Enteropathy
Authors: DINESH A. SIVARATNAM, ALEXANDER G. PITMAN, EDWARD GILES, MEIR LICHTENSTEIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

Protein-losing enteropathy is an uncommon syndrome of excessive loss of protein via the gastrointestinal mucosa. Tc-99m dextran is a tracer ideally suited for diagnosis and localization. The authors report a case of melanoma mestastases to the small bowel that were causing protein-losing enteropathy. These were diagnosed and localized using Tc-99m dextran, leading to a curative resection.
Relation of Corneal Arcus to Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the Incidence of Coronary Disease
Authors: Ray H. Rosenman, Richard J. Brand, Robert I. Sholtz, C. David Jenkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

The relation of corneal arcus to the incidence of clinical coronary heart disease was prospectively studied in 3152 men, 39–59 years old at intake. During a mean 8 1/2-year follow-up period, coronary disease developed in 255 initially well men. At entry into the study, arcus prevalence was found to be significantly related to age, serum cholesterol and smoking habits, but was not related to hematocrit, blood pressure, weight or obesity, habitual physical activity or diet, parental history of coronary heart disease, serum triglycerides or lipoproteins or to alcohol use. Subjects under 50 years of age with corneal arcus had a significantly higher incidence of coronary heart disease even after adjustment for age, serum cholesterol and smoking habits. Corneal arcus at younger ages is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. (N Engl J Med 291:1322–1324, 1974)
Commentary: Sick-Building Syndrome
Authors: Jan A. J. Stolwijk
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The sick-building syndrome (SBS) is defined as the occurrence ofan excessive number ofsubjective complaints by the occupants of a building.These complaints include headache, irritation ofthe eyes, nose, and throat, lethargy, inability to concentrate, objionable odos, and less frequendy, nausea, dizins, chest tigtness etc. compla wil always be reported by a fraction of the occupants ofany building if a questionnaire i administered that asks the respondent to recail any subjective symptoms they remember having had in the last 2 weeks or over some period oftime.It is often con- sdered that SBSsymptom reports haveanminmum of about 15to20% fora2-wekrecag period.SflSsynptons reported by 30% or more of occupants are indicative ofconditions in the building enironment that warrant attention.It not often that a clear, single cause is responsible for the excess symptom reports.The folowing factrs, often in com- binations, are seen to contribute to SBS: outdoor air supply that is inadequae, ventilation distrbution or effectiveness that is inadequate, the presence of temporary or long-term sources of conamints such as tobacco smoke, adhesives, composite materials such as chipboard, and the growth of microorgansmsinthe HVAC equipment or in carpets or other furnishings.Depending on which causes contribute, the condition may be intermittent or even temporary.Psychosocial factors such as labor-ma_namnt relations and satidaction or w1 ith other act rin the werk eronment can have a profound influence on the leve ofresponseofthe ccuantsto their nenm Ahughard dab are difficult to collect, it is lkely that productivity in the offce environment is sensitive to conditions causing SBS.
Abstract 3565: Colorectal cancer screening among US adults with and without doctor's specific recommendation regarding choice of screening modality
Authors: Adeyinka O. Laiyemo, Chyke Doubeni, Akeem O. Adebogun, Shelly McDonald-Pinkett, Paul Han, Helen I. Meissner, Carrie Klabunde
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Absence of a physician's recommendation is among the most commonly reported barriers to undergoing colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. It is unknown whether a physician's specific recommendation of a particular screening modality, rather than a patient's choice from a menu of screening options, improves CRC screening uptake. Aim: To assess whether healthcare providers’ discussion of CRC screening options and recommending a specific screening modality improve uptake of screening. Methods: We used the 2007 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) to evaluate how respondents who were 50 years and older (n = 4,342) were informed of CRC screening. We used logistic regression analyses to examine the association of recommendations and being current with CRC screening (Fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) within 1 year, sigmoidoscopy within 5 years, or colonoscopy within 10 years). Results: The mean age of responders was 64.9 years, 60.3% female, 81.5% white, 8.6% black, and 92.7% had health insurance. CRC screening discussions occurred with 3,320 (77.5%) respondents; 94.7% of which occurred with a doctor as opposed to a nurse or other health care professional. Colonoscopy was the most recommended test. Overall, 2,824 (65.0%) respondents were up to date with CRC screening regardless of the screening modality. After adjusting for age, sex, race, highest education, income, marital status and health insurance, having a discussion about screening and receiving a specific test recommendation were associated with being up to date with CRC screening (Table). Conclusion: Uptake of CRC screening is better when providers discuss CRC screening and make specific CRC screening test recommendations. Table: Association of the patterns of CRC screening recommendations with being up to date with CRC screening Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3565. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3565
Delayed Closure in Peripheral Vascular Reconstruction
Authors: C. Philip Lape
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

DIRECT reparative vascular surgery is well established as both practicable and desirable in traumatic, aneurysmal and occlusive disease of major arteries, as well as some congenital conditions. A broad experimental and clinical experience has accumulated with several different reparativo or reconstructive technics1 2 3; details of patient selection and operative execution are well enough understood for a high degree of initial success to be the rule today in this type of operation.It is not yet clear which precise technical method is best for each situation, but there is a general tendency to prefer prosthetic replacement or bypass for segmental disease . . .
It Is Still a Privilege to Be a Doctor
Authors: Carola Eisenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

I have been dean for student affairs at Harvard Medical School for eight years. It is my responsibility and privilege to listen to medical students and to support their personal and professional development. What they have been telling me this year troubles me. It is exemplified by a recent encounter with a third-year student.The student was distressed. What had sustained him through the preclinical years was the anticipation of learning patient care. Now he had earned the right to wear a white coat and enter the wards. What he had encountered had discouraged him profoundly. The problem was not . . .
States Strive to Screen Hard-to-Reach Women
Authors: L. F. Anderson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article States Strive to Screen Hard-to-Reach Women Get access Linda F. Anderson Linda F. Anderson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 24, 21 December 1994, Pages 1825–1827, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.24.1825 Published: 21 December 1994
Deep biopsy via endoscopic submucosal dissection in upper gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors: a prospective study
Authors: Hye Tae, Hang Lee, Kang Lee, Dae Jun, Oh Lee, Dong Han, Byung Yoon, Ho Choi, Joon Hahm
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Preoperative pathological diagnosis may improve clinical management decisions in patients with upper gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors (SETs). The aims of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic yield of deep biopsy via an endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) technique, the complications associated with the procedure, and the impact on management of patients with upper gastrointestinal SETs. <b>Patients and methods:</b> A total of 68 patients with SETs in the stomach or esophagus were voluntarily assigned to two groups. One group underwent endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic deep biopsy using the ESD technique (40 patients), and the other group (28 patients) underwent surgical resection after EUS without obtaining preoperative pathological diagnosis, in accordance with accepted clinical management algorithms. <b>Results:</b> The diagnostic yield of deep biopsy was 90 % (36/40). The results of deep biopsy changed the treatment plans in 14/40 patients (35 %). One patient with lymphoepithelial carcinoma was scheduled for surgical resection, and 13 patients with benign SETs of diameter ≥ 2 cm avoided surgery. Of the 28 patients who underwent surgical resection without preoperative pathological diagnosis, 12 (42.9 %) were confirmed to have benign lesions. The mean procedure time for deep biopsy was 13.7 minutes. There were no procedure-related complications in the deep biopsy group. <b>Conclusions:</b> Deep biopsy by the ESD technique is a safe, high-yield, diagnostic method in patients with upper gastrointestinal SETs. Pathologic confirmation could improve clinical decision making in the management of patients with upper gastrointestinal SETs. Clinical trial registration: NCT 01993199
Malignant Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma of the Lower Extremity
Authors: William Makis, Anthony Ciarallo, Ayoub Nahal, Vilma Derbekyan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

A 36-year-old woman presented with a 5-month history of a growing left thigh mass, causing difficulty walking. Biopsy revealed a malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE), and the patient was referred for a staging F-18 FDG PET/CT that showed intense FDG uptake in the thigh mass, but no FDG-avid local lymph nodes or distant metastases. A few reports have noted the usefulness of F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging in the staging of EHEs in the lung, liver, and bone marrow. This rare study highlights the usefulness of F-18 FDG PET/CT in the staging of malignant EHE of the soft tissues of the extremities.
Multiple Insufficiency Fractures in a Young Woman with Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia
Authors: UMESH D. OZA, ABDELHAMID ELGAZZAR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

From the Department of Radiology–Nuclear Medicine, New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts Received for publication August 1, 2002. Accepted September 24, 2002. Correspondence: Abdelhamid Elgazzar, New England Medical Center #299, 750 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111. E-mail: [email protected]
Dilatation instrumentale au cours des sténoses anastomotiques post atrésies de l'œsophage opérées: à propos de 25 cas
Authors: N Oumnia, M Lahcene, A Tebaibia, N Matougui, MA Boudjella, B Touchene
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Introduction: l'atrésie de l'œsophage est une affection congénitale relativement fréquente, elle doit être recherchée systématiquement chez le nouveau né. Son traitement fait appel à la chirurgie associée parfois à la dilatation instrumentale dans le cas de sténose anastomotique. Le but de ce travail est d'évaluer l'apport de la dilatation instrumentale dans la sténose anatomotique des atrésies de l'œsophage opérées.
PO2818F- FLUOROMETHYLCHOLINE (18F-FMC) PET/CT AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY (MRS) IMAGING AND TISSUE BIOMARKERS OF CELL MEMBRANE TURNOVER IN PRIMARY BRAIN GLIOMAS- A PILOT STUDY
Authors: K. Ordidge, M. Grech-Sollars, L. Honeyfield, S. Khan, K. O'Neill, D. Peterson, B. Vaqas, F. Roncaroli, D. Towey, T. Barwick, A. Waldman
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

INTRODUCTION: Standard contrast enhanced MRI is not reliable for characterising glioma. Choline is a key component of cell membranes; its levels are increased in primary brain tumours, indicating how rapidly tumour cells are dividing. Imaging with 18F-FMC PET and MRS allow choline to be assessed non-invasively, although these imaging biomarkers have not previously been validated against tissue markers of choline metabolism, such as choline kinase (CHK±) from tumour specimens. METHOD: A prospective pilot study of 12 subjects, aged 18-80, with suspected primary supratentorial glioma suitable for biopsy and/or resection and a lesion diameter >2cm, recruited from Neuro-oncology MDT. The MRI protocol was performed at 3T, using a 32 channel head coil. PET/CT was then performed with 285MBq of 18F-FMC injected followed by dedicated brain dynamic list mode acquisition for 45 minutes. During surgery, 4-6 routine stereotactic biopsies were obtained. CHK± immunohistochemistry data is pending and will be presented in full at the conference. RESULTS: Preliminary data from 6 patients suggests spatial concordance between high 18F-FMC uptake on PET and more elevated choline/creatine ratio. Tissue data from 4 patients (2 low grade, 2 transforming gliomas) shows areas of high choline on imaging correlate with gliosis and macrophage infiltration, but not proliferative indices. CONCLUSION: Preliminary findings suggest choline PET and MRS detect inflammatory infiltrates rather than regions of high cellular proliferation.
O9.07 * COGNITIVE IMPROVEMENT AFTER MENINGIOMA SURGERY
Authors: I. Meskal, K. Gehring, S. van der Linden, G.- J. Rutten, M. Sitskoorn
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

A significant proportion of brain tumour patients has cognitive impairments. Most studies have focussed on patients with glioma. Meningioma patients have been infrequently studied; we found only seven studies in the literature. Most of these studies lack preoperative measurements, a priori limiting conclusions on the impact of surgery on cognition. We examined cognitive functioning in 100 meningioma patients prior to, and three months after surgery. This study is part of a larger and prospective study in our hospital in which craniotomy patients are routinely tested with a computerized screening battery of neuropsychological tests (i.e., CNS Vital Signs). Testing takes approximately 30 - 45 minutes and results in quantified scores on the domains of memory, psychomotor speed, reaction time, complex attention, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, and executive functioning. For this study we applied stringent exclusion criteria to minimize possible cognitive effects of comorbidity (eg, we excluded patients with a history of intracranial treatment or major neurological disease) and this left us with a group of 68 patients. Average diameter of meningioma was 4.3 cm. Both before and after surgery, meningioma patients showed significantly lower scores on all cognitive domains in comparison with healthy controls. Three months after surgery, significantly improved test performances were found on all cognitive domains, with the exception of psychomotor speed and reaction time. To gain insight in individual test performance, the number of patients scoring ‘low’ or ‘very low’ (i.e, 1.5 and 2 SD below average) was counted. The percentage of these patients decreased from 69% before surgery to 44% three months after surgery. We conclude that (1) cognitive impairments are already present in the majority of untreated meningioma patients, (2) surgery improves these impairments, and (3) a computerized test battery seems an adequate (and time-efficient) clinical instrument to detect cognitive impairments in meningioma patients.
Treatment of Hemophilia B with a New Clotting-Factor Concentrate
Authors: M. SilvijA Hoag, Frederick F. Johnson, Jean A. Robinson, Paul M. Aggeler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

A new concentrate of clotting factors II, VII, IX and X, made from pooled human plasma collected in citrate anticoagulant by a process involving the adsorption of the effluent from Cohn fraction I on DEAE Sephadex and fractional elution of adsorbed material, proved effective for prophylaxis and treatment of acute bleeding episodes. The net return in vivo 15 minutes after injection was approximately 40 per cent of the activity measured in vitro. In 20 kinetic studies various values were: factor IX activity at zero time, 58.7 per cent; half-life of the first component of the disappearance curve, four and six-tenths hours; half-life of the second component, 31.5 hours; equilibration time between first and second components, 22.1 hours; and apparent volume of distribution, 2.7 times plasma volume. The distribution and turnover rates were similar to those found previously with plasma in three of the same patients and to results reported by others with British and French concentrates.
Abstract 5395: The E3 ligase Itch and deubiquitinase Cyld act together to regulate Tak1 and inflammation
Authors: Venuprasad K. Poojary, Neesar Ahmed, Minghui Zeng, Lisa Polin, Indrajit Sinha, Wei-Zen Wei, Chozha V. Rathinam, Richard Flavell, Ramin Massoumi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Chronic inflammation has been strongly associated with tumor progression, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Our previous studies have achieved important new insights into key regulatory mechanism in the immune system mediated by the ubiquitin ligase, Itch, whose deficiency results in inflammatory disorders and pulmonary inflammation (Venuprasad K et al. Nat. Immunol. 2008, Venuprasad K. et al. J.Clin. Invest. 2004). We demonstrate that E3 ligase Itch and deubiquitinase Cyld formed a complex via interaction through ‘WW-PPXY’ motifs. The Itch-Cyld complex sequentially cleaved K63-linked ubiquitin chains and catalyzed Lys48-linked ubiquitination on TGF-beta activated kinase 1(Tak1) to terminate inflammatory signaling. Itch or Cyld deficiency resulted in sustained Tak1 activation and elevated production of proinflammatory cytokines by bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). Tak1 selective inhibitor, (5Z)-7-Oxozeaenol abrogated Tak1 activation and production of proinflammatory cytokines by Itch-/- and Cyld-/- BMDMs. Similarly, ectopic expression of a catalytically inactive dominant-negative (Tak1-K63W) inhibited elevated cytokine production by Itch-/- and Cyld-/- BMDMs. Reconstitution of wild-type Cyld but not the mutant Cyld(Y485A), which cannot associate with Itch, blocked sustained Tak1 activation and proinflammatory cytokine production by Cyldα/β BMDMs. Deficiency in Itch or Cyld led to chronic production of tumor-promoting cytokines by tumor-associated macrophages and aggressive growth of lung carcinoma. Thus, we have identified an Itch-Cyld-mediated regulatory mechanism in innate inflammatory cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5395. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5395
Hemoglobinemia Accompanying Transurethral Resection of the Prostate
Authors: Ernest K. Landsteiner, Clement A. Finch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THE removal of the prostate by the transurethral method, together with newer methods of preoperative and postoperative care of the patient by the use of fluid therapy and antibiotics, has increased the number of patients who may safely be subjected to prostatectomy. In spite of the present refinements, transurethral resection carries an appreciable — although low — mortality. One of the disturbing complications sometimes noted is a temporary oliguria or even anuria. A fatal case of renal failure following transurethral prostatectomy called attention to the possibility that intravascular hemolysis played a part in its causation. The following is a brief . . .
ENDOVASCULAR DE-BANDING OF PULMONARY ARTERIES IN A SWINE MODEL
Authors: Michael Perez, T.K. Susheel Kumar, Mario Briceno-Medina, Yada Akkhawattanangkul, Kimberly Allen, Christopher Knott-Craig, Benjamin Waller, Shyam Sathanandam
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)