tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P0643 : Serum HBV RNA is an early predictor of HBeAg seroconversion in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treated with Peg-Interferon alpha-2A (40kD)
Authors: F. van Bömmel, A. van Bömmel, A. Krauel, H. He, C. Wat, V. Pavlovic, D. Deichsel, T. Berg, S. Böhm
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Case 17-1963
Authors: David G. Freiman, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

Presentation of CaseA fifty-eight-year-old Negro woman entered the hospital because of dyspnea.Two months before admission a cough and sore throat, with wheezing and exertional dyspnea, developed. The sore throat subsided after antibiotic therapy, but the cough, wheezing and dyspnea increased in severity. There was no orthopnea or chest pain, but night sweats and occasional nocturnal episodes of coughing and wheezing occurred. Several days before entry the cough became productive of about a cup of white or pale yellow sputum daily; there was no blood streaking. Cough syrup and epinephrine injections were of no benefit, but an inhaling unit . . .
Part 7.1: Adjuncts for Airway Control and Ventilation
Journal: Circulation (2005)

This section highlights recommendations for the support of ventilation and oxygenation during resuscitation and the periarrest period. The purpose of ventilation during CPR is to maintain adequate oxygenation and sufficient elimination of carbon dioxide, but research has not identified the optimal tidal volume, respiratory rate, and inspired oxygen concentration required to do so. During the first minutes of ventricular fibrillation sudden cardiac arrest (VF SCA), rescue breaths are probably not as important as chest compressions, because oxygen delivery to the tissues, including the heart and brain, appears to be limited more by blood flow than by arterial oxygen content. Thus, during the first minutes of VF SCA the lone rescuer should attempt to limit interruptions in chest compressions for ventilation. The advanced provider must be careful to limit interruptions in chest compressions for attempts to insert an advanced airway or check the rhythm.

Ventilation and compressions are both thought to be important for victims of prolonged VF SCA and for all victims of asphyxial arrest (eg, drowning victims and victims of drug overdose with primary respiratory arrest) because these victims are hypoxemic before arrest.

Because systemic and, therefore, lung perfusion is substantially reduced during CPR, rescuers can support a normal ventilation-perfusion match with a minute ventilation that is much lower than normal. During CPR with an advanced airway in place we now recommend a lower rate of rescue breathing (see Part 4: “Adult Basic Life Support”) than that recommended in the ECC Guidelines 2000 .1 During the prearrest and postarrest periods, the patient will require support of oxygenation and ventilation with tidal volumes and respiratory rates that more closely approximate normal.

Beyond the first minutes of cardiac arrest, tissue hypoxia develops. CPR provides approximately 25% to 33% of normal cardiac output. This low-flow state maintains a small but critical …
Treatment of Gastric and Gastroesophageal Cancers—Do We Really Need Anthracyclines?
Authors: Noman Ashraf, Richard Kim
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Comparison of Sokal, Hasford and EUTOS Scores in Terms of Long-Term Treatment Outcome According to the Risks in Each Prognostic Model: A Single Center Data Analyzed in 255 Early Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Treated with Frontline Imatinib Mesylate.
Authors: Seung-Ah Yahng, Eun-Jung Jang, Soo Young Choi, Yun-Jung Oh, Ju-Hee Bang, Jin-Eok Park, Hye-Lim Jeon, Sung-Eun Lee, Soo-Hyun Kim, Ji-Young Byun, Dong-Wook Kim
Journal: Blood (2012)
The γ-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio (GPR) in HBV patients: just adding up?
Authors: Leonardo L Schiavon, Janaína L Narciso-Schiavon, Maria Lucia G Ferraz, Antonio E B Silva, Roberto J Carvalho-Filho
Journal: Gut (2016)

We read with interest the article by Lemoine et al evaluating routine tests as non-invasive markers of fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).1 The γ-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio (GPR) has been proposed as a new fibrosis test, allegedly more accurate than classical biomarkers like the Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) and FIB-4 in African cohorts. Therefore, we performed a validation analysis of GPR in 147 patients with untreated CHB from two Brazilian reference centres. The mean age was 40.6±13.7 years and 68% were male. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was positive in 53% of cases and median HBV-DNA level was 107 700 IU/mL. Median aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (and IQR) were 42 (30–76) IU/L and 58 (42–106) IU/L, respectively. The distribution of fibrosis stages was as follows: METAVIR F0–22%, F1–27%, F2–22%, F3–16% and F4–13%.

Table 1 exhibits the diagnostic performances of GPR, APRI and FIB-4 for the detection of significant fibrosis …
The chemokine receptor CXCR3 is a determinant of breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Namita Kundu, Kelly Norsworthy, Xinrong Ma, Dawn Holt, William Rodgers, Tonya Walser, Michael Lipsky, Amy Fulton
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

4664   Chemokine receptors are expressed by normal cells to enable migration in response to chemotactic gradients. Several chemokine receptors have now been identified on malignant cells and are implicated as determinants of tumor growth and metastasis. We have examined the expression and function of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 in metastatic breast cancer. We previously reported that malignant breast tumor cells express CXCR3 and that pharmacologic antagonism of CXCR3 inhibits experimental metastasis (Cancer Res. 66:7701, 2006). In the current study, we expressed an shRNA that targets CXCR3 in metastatic murine mammary tumor cells and show that, like pharmacologic antagonism, genetic inhibition of CXCR3 inhibits metastasis compared to vector-shRNA expressing cells. We have compared the expression and function of CXCR3 on normal versus malignant mammary epithelial cells. Each murine mammary cell type expresses surface CXCR3 although normal cells express significantly less CXCR3 than malignant cells. Likewise, normal human mammary epithelial cell line MCF10A expresses less CXCR3 than any malignant breast cell line examined. We also assessed the function of CXCR3 in migration assays  in vitro . We observe that migration of normal epithelial cells in response to CXCR3 ligands requires much higher concentrations of ligand to induce significant migration. We are currently evaluating CXCR3 expression in a large series of breast tumors from women for whom longterm follow up information is available. Immunohistochemical examination of CXCR3 reveals a range of staining intensities with the majority of normal ducts expressing little or no CXCR3, whereas malignant epithelium is more highly positive. The relationship to clinical parameters is under examination. These studies confirm that inhibition of CXCR3 by either genetic or pharmacologic approaches reduces metastatic potential. These results  identify CXCR3 as a determinant of tumor metastasis and as a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.
Expression of EGFR and HER2/neu and absence of activating mutations in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Authors: C. H. Ohlmann, E. Markert, M. Stöckle, H. Dienes, U. Engelmann, A. Heidenreich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

4652 Background: Immunohistochemical expression (IHC) and activating mutations of EGFR and HER2 have been used as predictive markers for response to targeted therapies in various cancer types. The aim of our study was to analyze the expression of EGFR and HER2 and presence of activating mutations in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) tumor tissue for the use as predictive markers. Methods: IHC of EGFR and HER2 using paraffin-embedded samples of tumor tissue from 51 patients with CRPC was analyzed according to the percentage of positively stained tumor cells and the intensity of staining. Genomic DNA was extracted from 18 tissue samples containing ≥60% tumor tissue. Nested PCR using specific primers for exons 18, 19 and 21 of EGFR and exons 18-24 of the HER2 followed by direct DNA sequencing was performed. Internet based BLAST-search was used to identify mutations of the amplified exons and neighbouring introns. Results: According to the different cut-off values of 10%, 30%, 50% or 70% for the percentage of positively stained cells, expression rates ranged from 30.6%-61.2% for EGFR and 9.6%-28.8% for HER2. Defining positive expression as ≥30% positively stained tumor cells, with an intensity of staining of ≥2+, resulted in positive expression of EGFR in 38.8% and HER2 in 13.5% of the patients. None of the 180 examined exons and neighbouring introns of EGFR and HER2 contained activating mutations that are known to influence response to targeted therapies. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate different rates of expression according to the definition of positive expression for EGFR and HER2 which may have a major impact on the results of clinical targeted trials. In our series no activating mutations of EGFR and HER2 were found. Since activating mutations for EGFR have only been found in about 10% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, the number of analyzed samples seems to be too small to detect a relevant number of mutations in CRPC. Nevertheless, our series adds information to already published data about mutations of EGFR and HER2 in 33 patients with CRPC and 89 patients with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer that revealed activating mutations in 8/122 (6.6%) altogether. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Breast Cancer in Women Followed over 20 Years
Authors: A. Heather Eliassen, Erica T. Warner, Bernard Rosner, Laura C. Collins, Andrew H. Beck, Liza M. Quintana, Rulla M. Tamimi, Susan E. Hankinson
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Experimental evidence supports a protective role of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in breast carcinogenesis, but epidemiologic evidence is inconsistent. Whether plasma 25(OH)D interacts with breast tumor expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoid X receptor-α (RXR) has not been investigated. We conducted a nested case-control study in the Nurses' Health Study, with 1,506 invasive breast cancer cases diagnosed after blood donation in 1989-1990, 417 of whom donated a second sample in 2000-2002. VDR and RXR expression were assessed by immunohistochemical staining of tumor microarrays (n = 669 cases). Multivariate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Plasma 25(OH)D levels were not associated with breast cancer risk overall [top (≥32.7 ng/mL) vs. bottom (<17.2 ng/mL) quintile RR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.67-1.13; P trend = 0.21]. 25(OH)D measured in summer (May-October) was significantly inversely associated with risk (top vs. bottom quintile RR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46-0.94; P trend = 0.01); winter levels (November-April) were not (RR = 1.10; 95% CI, 0.75-1.60; P trend = 0.64; P interaction = 0.03). 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with risk of tumors with high expression of stromal nuclear VDR [≥30 ng/mL vs. <30 ng/mL RR (95% CI): VDR ≥ median = 0.67 (0.48-0.93); VDR < median = 0.98 (0.72-1.35), P heterogeneity = 0.12] and significantly stronger for summer measures (P heterogeneity = 0.01). Associations were not significantly different by RXR expression. No overall association was observed between plasma 25(OH)D and breast cancer risk. However, our results suggest women with high, compared with low, plasma 25(OH)D levels in the summer have a reduced breast cancer risk, and plasma 25(OH)D may be inversely associated with risk of tumors expressing high levels of VDR. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5423-30. ©2016 AACR.
Cross-talk between autophagy and KLF2 determines endothelial cell phenotype and microvascular function in acute liver injury
Authors: Sergi Guixé-Muntet, Fernanda Cristina de Mesquita, Sergi Vila, Virginia Hernández-Gea, Carmen Peralta, Juan Carlos García-Pagán, Jaime Bosch, Jordi Gracia-Sancho
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
Associations between Unconventional Natural Gas Development and Nasal and Sinus, Migraine Headache, and Fatigue Symptoms in Pennsylvania
Authors: Aaron W. Tustin, Annemarie G. Hirsch, Sara G. Rasmussen, Joan A. Casey, Karen Bandeen-Roche, Brian S. Schwartz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Unconventional natural gas development (UNGD) produces environmental contaminants and psychosocial stressors. Despite these concerns, few studies have evaluated the health effects of UNGD.We investigated associations between UNGD activity and symptoms in a cross-sectional study in Pennsylvania.We mailed a self-administered questionnaire to 23,700 adult patients of the Geisinger Clinic. Using standardized and validated questionnaire items, we identified respondents with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), migraine headache, and fatigue symptoms. We created a summary UNGD activity metric that incorporated well phase, location, total depth, daily gas production and inverse distance-squared to patient residences. We used logistic regression, weighted for sampling and response rates, to assess associations between quartiles of UNGD activity and outcomes, both alone and in combination.The response rate was 33%. Of 7,785 study participants, 1,850 (24%) had current CRS symptoms, 1,765 (23%) had migraine headache, and 1,930 (25%) had higher levels of fatigue. Among individuals who met criteria for two or more outcomes, adjusted odds ratios for the highest quartile of UNGD activity compared with the lowest were [OR (95% CI)] 1.49 (0.78, 2.85) for CRS plus migraine, 1.88 (1.08, 3.25) for CRS plus fatigue, 1.95 (1.18, 3.21) for migraine plus fatigue, and 1.84 (1.08, 3.14) for all three outcomes together. Significant associations were also present in some models of single outcomes.This study provides evidence that UNGD is associated with nasal and sinus, migraine headache, and fatigue symptoms in a general population representative sample. Citation: Tustin AW, Hirsch AG, Rasmussen SG, Casey JA, Bandeen-Roche K, Schwartz BS. 2017. Associations between unconventional natural gas development and nasal and sinus, migraine headache, and fatigue symptoms in Pennsylvania. Environ Health Perspect 125:189-197; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP281.
Addition of tumor bulk to the International Prognostic Index (IPI) does not improve prognostication in diffuse large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)
Authors: A. W. Panwalkar, F. R. Loberiza, J. M. Vose, R. G. Bociek, P. J. Bierman, J. O. Armitage
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

7585 Background: Bulky disease in DLBCL has been linked to adverse outcomes. Tumor bulk was not included in the IPI due to lack of uniform data availability. Radiation to sites of bulky disease may result in improved outcomes. We evaluated the impact of tumor bulk as a prognostic factor combined with the IPI in predicting overall survival in DLBCL. Methods: A retrospective review of adult patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL from October 1982 through February 2000 was done, and data pertaining to tumor size, age, Ann Arbor stage, performance status (PS), lactate dehydrogenase level (LDH), extranodal involvement, radiation therapy and overall survival was collected. Surviving patients were followed through December 2005. Bulky disease was defined as largest tumor mass of ≥10 cm. Statistical analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Complete data was available on 669 patients. All patients received anthracycline or mitoxantrone based chemotherapy. Bulky disease was found in 27% of patients, while radiation was employed in 22% of patients. There was no significant association between use of radiation and tumor bulk. IPI was calculated as low risk—37%, low-intermediate—28%, high-intermediate—20% and high—14%. Median follow-up of survivors was 100 months (range &lt;1 - 263). In univariate analysis, bulky disease alone was a significant predictor of inferior survival (RR 1.27, p = 0.044), however when combined with the IPI it was not a significant predictor of poorer overall survival as compared with non-bulky disease (RR 1.10, p = 0.36). Radiation therapy was associated with a significant increase in overall survival (RR 0.70, p = 0.005). Conclusions: Bulky disease is an important independent prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with DLBCL, however when combined with IPI it does not result in improved prediction. It is unclear whether this is due to insufficient power or due to possible inter-relation between tumor size, LDH and PS, the latter of which are included in the IPI. Radiation therapy to some patients with bulky disease may also have mitigated the adverse effect. Larger prospective studies may shed light on the utility of tumor bulk combined with IPI and possible alterations in management. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Adalimumab for prevention of uveitic flare in patients with inactive non-infectious uveitis controlled by corticosteroids (VISUAL II): a multicentre, double-masked, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial
Authors: Quan Dong Nguyen, Pauline T Merrill, Glenn J Jaffe, Andrew D Dick, Shree Kumar Kurup, John Sheppard, Ariel Schlaen, Carlos Pavesio, Luca Cimino, Joachim Van Calster, Anne A Camez, Nisha V Kwatra, Alexandra P Song, Martina Kron, Samir Tari, Antoine P Brézin
Journal: The Lancet (2016)
The Ethics of Behavioral Health Information Technology
Authors: Michelle Joy, Timothy Clement, Dominic Sisti
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Phase II study of amrubicin and carboplatin in patients with the refractory or relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
Authors: T. Hirose, T. Shirai, S. Kusumoto, T. Sugiyama, T. Yamaoka, K. Okuda, T. Ohmori, T. Ohnishi, M. Adachi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

7057 Background: Amrubicin achieved the high response rate of 78.8% and median survival of 11.3 months in patients with previously untreated extensive disease SCLC. The combination of amrubicin with platinum derivative showed additive effect against a human small cell lung cancer cell line. In the phase I study of amrubicin plus carboplatin for untreated SCLC patients with 70 year or older, the recommended dose was determined to be 35 mg/m2 of amrubicin on days 1-3 and AUC of 4 mg min/mL of carboplatin on day 1. We examined the safety and efficacy of the combination of amrubicin plus carboplatin for refractory or relapsed SCLC. Methods: Patients with previously treated SCLC were eligible if they had a performance status of 0 to 2, were 75 years or younger, and had adequate organ function. Patients received the combination of carboplatin with AUC of 4 mg min/ml using the Calvert formula on day 1 plus amrubicin 30 mg/m2 on days 1-3 every 3 weeks. The trial was designed as a phase II study, with response rate as the primary endpoint. A planned sample size was 27. Results: From June 2005 through April 2009, 28 patients (22 men and 6 women; median age, 65 years; range, 55 to 74 years) were enrolled. At the time of recurrence, 3 patients had limited disease and 25 patients had extensive disease. The overall response rate was 35.7% (95% CI, 18.6% to 55.9%). In patients with sensitive disease, the response rate was 63.6% (95% CI, 30.8% to 89.1%). The median survival time was 184 days (range 24 to 1,290 days). Hematologic toxicities included grade 3 to 4 neutropenia in 86% of patients, grade 3 to 4 thrombocytopenia in 46%, and grade 3 to 4 anemia in 61%. Grade 3 infection developed in only 7% of patients. No patients had grade 3 to 4 diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. There was no treatment death. Conclusions: This regimen is effective and well tolerated in patients with relapsed or refractory SCLC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.