tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In CAD with LV dysfunction, adding CABG to medical therapy reduced all-cause and CV mortality at 10 y
Authors: Eric R. Bates
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

ACP Journal Club16 August 2016In CAD with LV dysfunction, adding CABG to medical therapy reduced all-cause and CV mortality at 10 yEric R. Bates, MDEric R. Bates, MDUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (E.R.B.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJC-2016-165-4-015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationVelazquez EJ, Lee KL, Jones RH, et al; STICHES Investigators. Coronary-artery bypass surgery in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:1511-20. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27040723Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: References1 Passamani E, David KB, Gillespie MJ, Killip T. A randomized trial of coronary artery bypass surgery. Survival of patients with a low ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 1985;312:1665-71. [PMID: 3873614] Google Scholar2 Cleland JG, Calvert M, Freemantle N, et al. The Heart Failure Revascularisation Trial (HEART). Eur J Heart Fail. 2011;13:227-33. [PMID: 21156659] Google Scholar3 Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:e147-239. [PMID: 23747642] Google Scholar4 Velazquez EJ, Lee KL, Deja MA, et al; STICH Investigators. Coronary-artery bypass surgery in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1607-16. [PMID: 21463150] Google Scholar5 Guyton RA, Smith AL. Coronary bypass—survival benefit in heart failure [Editorial]. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:1576-7. [PMID: 27040599] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (E.R.B.)This article was published at Annals.org on 2 August 2016. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 August 2016Volume 165, Issue 4Page: JC15KeywordsAnginaCardiomyopathiesCardiovascular therapyCoronary artery bypass graftingHeart failureHospitalizationsLeft ventricular ejection fractionMortalityStable coronary artery diseaseStent implantation ePublished: 16 August 2016 Issue Published: 16 August 2016 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2016 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Functional assessment of tyrosinase variants identified in individuals with albinism is essential for unequivocal determination of genotype-to-phenotype correlation
Authors: M. Mondal, M. Sengupta, K. Ray
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (OCA1), caused by pathogenic variations in the tyrosinase gene (TYR), is the most frequent and severe form of hypopigmentary disorder worldwide. While OCA1A manifests as a complete loss of melanin pigment, patients with OCA1B show residual pigmentation of the skin, hair and eyes. Limited experimental evidence suggests retention of TYR in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes OCA1 pathogenesis. However, a comprehensive functional analysis of TYR missense variations and correlation with genotype is lacking.Functional characterization of nonsynonymous tyrosinase variants in patients with OCA1 reported in the Albinism Database, dbSNP and the published literature, and an attempt to correlate them with reported and predicted phenotypes.Thirty-four reported missense variants of TYR were subcloned by site-directed mutagenesis, and the dual-enzyme activities of the variant proteins were compared with the wild-type. The degree of ER retention was also checked for each of the variants through endoglycosidase H (Endo H) digestion followed by immunoprecipitation and densitometric analysis.Functional studies revealed one reported OCA1A variation with nearly 100% enzyme activity, 10 OCA1B variants lacking any enzyme activity, eight nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with ~30-70% of enzyme activity, and three SNPs that completely lacked activity altogether. The Endo H assay corroborated these results.Loss of enzyme activity of TYR variants was completely in agreement with ER retention across all variants examined. The results of the assay clearly established that determination of the biological activity of identified variants in patients with OCA is essential to correlate the identified suspect genotype with the obvious phenotype of the disease.
Comparative analysis of CT scan, PET scan, and CT angioportogram with intraoperative ultrasound in detecting liver metastases.
Authors: T. T. Singh, S. Pampanagouda, M. Soni, S. Sirop, A. Singla, D. Wiese, R. Golovoy, S. Defriez, S. Saha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e14626 Background: Open, laparoscopic, or percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of liver metastases (mets) requires accurate preoperative (preop) localization through CT scan, PET and/or CT angioportogram (CT-AP). Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) remains the gold standard. Our study aims to compare the accuracy of CT scan, PET scan, and CT-AP to IOUS. Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients (pts) undergoing surgical treatment of liver metastasis at a single institution was undertaken. Data regarding number of liver lesions obtained from preop imaging studies were compared to data ascertained from IOUS. Results: A total of 71 pts, men (52%) and women (48%) with a median age of 62 years (age range 40-84 years) were included in the study. All pts underwent CT scan. PET scan, IOUS, and CT-AP were done in32, 55 and 49 pts respectively. CT, PET, and IOUS detected 1.7, 1.6 and 2.6 lesions per pt respectively and 28 pts had CT, PET and IOUS done. The pre-op (CT/PET scan) imaging study detecting the maximum number of lesions was selected for comparison with IOUS. A comparison between pre-op imaging (CT/PET scan) vs. IOUS in these 28 pts revealed an average of 1.9 vs. 2.9 lesions/pt respectively. The Table compares each preop imaging modality with IOUS. When compared with preop imaging (CT/PET scan), IOUS detected additional lesions in 46% pts; fewer lesions in 4% pts and similar number of lesions in 50% pts. Comparison between CT and IOUS in 55 pts revealed 1.5 vs. 2.6 lesions/pt respectively and that between PET and IOUS in 28 pts revealed 1.6 vs. 2.9 lesions/pt (Table) respectively. Conclusions: Although preop CT scan, CT-AP and PET scan remain effective modalities for evaluation of liver mets, IOUS remain most sensitive in detecting additional liver lesions not visualized by preop imaging studies. Thus, the efficacy of percutaneous RFA may be limited due to inability to perform IOUS. Comparative analysis of CT, PET, and CT-AP versus IOUS No. of pts No. of lesions No. of lesions per pt P value CT scan 55 81 1.5 0.001 IOUS 55 143 2.6 PET scan 28 48 1.6 0.008 IOUS 28 80 2.9 CT-AP 42 68 1.6 0.004 IOUS 42 112 2.7 CT/PET 28 53 1.9 0.006 IOUS 28 80 2.9 No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Concomitant CYP2D6 inhibitor use and tamoxifen adherence in early-stage breast cancer: A pharmacoepidemiological study
Authors: V. Dezentje, N. J. Van Blijderveen, H. Gelderblom, H. Putter, M. P. Van Herk-Sukel, M. K. Casparie, A. C. Egberts, J. W. Nortier, H. J. Guchelaar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

CRA509 The full, final text of this abstract will be available in Part II of the 2009 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings, distributed onsite at the Meeting on May 30, 2009, and as a supplement to the June 20, 2009, issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Duty Hour Reforms in Europe and the United States—Reply
Authors: Lloyd Axelrod, Deep J. Shah, Anupam B. Jena
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
US Federal Trade Commission charges academic publisher over “deceptive” practices
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has charged OMICS Group, publisher of over 700 online open access medical and scientific journals, with unfair or deceptive practices affecting commerce.

OMICS Group, its associated companies iMedPub and Conference Series, and their mutual director Srinubabu Gedela “used false promises to convince researchers to submit articles presenting work that may have taken months or years to complete, and then held that work hostage over undisclosed publication fees ranging into the thousands of dollars,” said Jessica Rich, director of the FTC’s Bureau of Consumer Protection. “It is vital that we stop scammers who seek to take advantage of the changing landscape of academic publishing.”

Because researchers must pay to be published in open access journals, the FTC considers them consumers, eligible for protection under the FTC Act, the law it …
Regulation of Benzodiazepine Prescription
Authors: Arthur Aaron Levin
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In his Editorial,<sup>1</sup>Dr Glass discusses "two festering issues" of US health care policy: physician autonomy and the use of outcome measures to assess quality. His comments refer to a study published in the same issue by Weintraub et al.<sup>2</sup> There is nothing in the New York State experience that demonstrates the regulation of benzodiazepines to be "found wanting." The New York triplicate prescription regulation does not prevent or impede a physician from prescribing a benzodiazepine when he or she believes it is medically appropriate. Other than the required use of the state's official triplicate form, there is no difference in the physician or patient experience when the drug being prescribed is regulated by the program and when it is not. If anything is "found wanting" it is the political campaign waged by the state medical society against the regulation, which included an unfortunate court
Differential Dependence On Aerobic Glycolysis In Normal and Malignant Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells To Sustain Daughter Cell Production
Authors: Ying-Hua Wang, William J. Israelsen, Dongjun Lee, Vionnie W.C. Yu, Nathaniel T. Jeanson, Clary B. Clish, Lewis C. Cantley, Matthew G. Vander Heiden, David T. Scadden
Journal: Blood (2013)
Alfred G Knudson
Authors: Ned Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Pioneer of cancer genetics who developed the groundbreaking “two hit” hypothesis



As a teenager growing up in Los Angeles in the late 1930s, Alfred G Knudson loved physics, chemistry, and mathematics. Biology did not interest him much. When he enrolled at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in 1940, he thought he was taking his first big step towards becoming a physicist. He was wrong.

Owing to factors that were mostly beyond his control, Knudson ended up seven years later as a paediatrician. He would spend the next two decades—except for a three year sabbatical to earn a doctorate in biochemistry—as a practising paediatrician, focusing on cancer treatment. But while caring for sick children with the kind heart of a physician, the scientist within him could not stop pondering the question: “How do children develop cancer?” He was determined to discover the answer.

He intensified his search for the answer in 1969 after moving to the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston as a professor and as dean of the graduate school of biomedical sciences. He chose to focus his research on retinoblastoma, a rare cancer already known at the time to have a hereditary form.

He had access to detailed records of children treated for retinoblastoma, and—having learned from his study of physics to always strive for “simple explanations”—he felt that as the cancer could be found “even in a newborn child” then it must “be as simple as cancer can be.”

He conducted his study by using a combination of genetics, mathematical analysis …
Primary Care as Part of US Health Services Reform
Authors: Srinivas S. Vasireddi
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —The 12-avenue approach of Starfield and Simpson 1 to upgrade primary care in US health services is innovative. Maldistribution of physicians still leads to a significant shortage of primary care physicians across the United States.  The role of international medical graduates (IMGs) needs to be emphasized. Their numbers are almost equivalent to the the graduate output of approximately 17 US medical schools, with as many as 58% of these IMGs in 1988 alone being non-US citizens. 2 The bulk of them enter the United States on the exchange visitor's (J-1) program and receive their training at the expense of the United States for periods ranging from 3 to 5 years. They return to their home countries where they often find that their acquired expertise is inappropriate owing to lack of facilities and resources. Hence, the magnanimity of the United States and the well-intended purpose of the J-1
Extensive Metastases on 18F-FDG PET/CT in Primary Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma of the Ovary
Authors: Seok-Nam Yoon
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

We describe extensive metastatic lesions of very rare lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma originating from the ovary assessed by F-FDG PET/CT. A 59-year-old woman presented with abdominal distention. Pelvis MRI demonstrated a large right ovarian malignant lesion with massive lymphadenopathy suggesting lymphoma. Patient underwent surgical removal. The lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma arising from the ovary based on immunohistochemistry was pathologically confirmed. Multiple metastases including peritoneum, omentum, and lymph nodes were confirmed. F-FDG PET/CT for staging and evaluation of metastasis after operation showed multiple lymph node metastases. F-FDG PET/CT revealed hepatic metastasis in the dome region of the right liver besides multiple skeletal metastases.
Application of Recursive Partitioning to Derive and Validate a Claims-Based Algorithm for Identifying Keratinocyte Carcinoma (Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer)
Authors: An-Wen Chan, Kinwah Fung, Jennifer M. Tran, Jessica Kitchen, Peter C. Austin, Martin A. Weinstock, Paula A. Rochon
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Keratinocyte carcinoma (nonmelanoma skin cancer) accounts for substantial burden in terms of high incidence and health care costs but is excluded by most cancer registries in North America. Administrative health insurance claims databases offer an opportunity to identify these cancers using diagnosis and procedural codes submitted for reimbursement purposes. <h3>Objective</h3> To apply recursive partitioning to derive and validate a claims-based algorithm for identifying keratinocyte carcinoma with high sensitivity and specificity. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Retrospective study using population-based administrative databases linked to 602 371 pathology episodes from a community laboratory for adults residing in Ontario, Canada, from January 1, 1992, to December 31, 2009. The final analysis was completed in January 2016. We used recursive partitioning (classification trees) to derive an algorithm based on health insurance claims. The performance of the derived algorithm was compared with 5 prespecified algorithms and validated using an independent academic hospital clinic data set of 2082 patients seen in May and June 2011. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value using the histopathological diagnosis as the criterion standard. We aimed to achieve maximal specificity, while maintaining greater than 80% sensitivity. <h3>Results</h3> Among 602 371 pathology episodes, 131 562 (21.8%) had a diagnosis of keratinocyte carcinoma. Our final derived algorithm outperformed the 5 simple prespecified algorithms and performed well in both community and hospital data sets in terms of sensitivity (82.6% and 84.9%, respectively), specificity (93.0% and 99.0%, respectively), positive predictive value (76.7% and 69.2%, respectively), and negative predictive value (95.0% and 99.6%, respectively). Algorithm performance did not vary substantially during the 18-year period. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This algorithm offers a reliable mechanism for ascertaining keratinocyte carcinoma for epidemiological research in the absence of cancer registry data. Our findings also demonstrate the value of recursive partitioning in deriving valid claims-based algorithms.
The Role Of 18F-FDG PET/CT For Staging and Response Assessment To Chemotherapy In Marginal Zone Lymphoma.
Authors: Marta Ruiz Mercado, Estrella Carrillo Cruz, Fátima de la Cruz Vicente, Víctor A Marín-Oyaga, María Solé Rodríguez, Isabel Borrego-Dorado, Ildefonso Espigado Tocino, Ricardo Vázquez-Albertino, Jose Antonio Pérez-Simón
Journal: Blood (2013)
The orphan nuclear receptor RORα and group 3 innate lymphoid cells drive fibrosis in a mouse model of Crohn’s disease
Authors: Bernard C. Lo, Matthew J. Gold, Michael R. Hughes, Frann Antignano, Yanet Valdez, Colby Zaph, Kenneth W. Harder, Kelly M. McNagny
Journal: Science Immunology (2016)

Fibrosis is the result of dysregulated tissue regeneration and is characterized by excessive accumulation of matrix proteins that become detrimental to tissue function. In Crohn's disease, this manifests itself as recurrent gastrointestinal strictures for which there is no effective therapy beyond surgical intervention. Using a model of infection-induced chronic gut inflammation, we show that Rora-deficient mice are protected from fibrosis; infected intestinal tissues display diminished pathology, attenuated collagen deposition, and reduced fibroblast accumulation. Although Rora is best known for its role in group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) development, we find that Salmonella-induced fibrosis is independent of eosinophils, signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 signaling, and T helper 2 cytokine production, arguing that this process is largely ILC2-independent. Instead, we observe reduced levels of ILC3- and T cell-derived interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-22 in infected gut tissues. Furthermore, using Rorasg/sg /Rag1-/- bone marrow chimeric mice, we show that restoring ILC function is sufficient to reestablish IL-17A and IL-22 production and a profibrotic phenotype. Our results show that RORα (retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α)-dependent ILC3 functions are pivotal in mediating gut fibrosis, and they offer an avenue for therapeutic intervention in Crohn's-like diseases.
Abstract 19961: Protein-based Risk Score Increases Prior to Cardiovascular Events and Death in Individuals With Apparently Stable Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Stephen A Williams, David Sterling, Shintaro Kato, Rachel Ostroff, Bettina Heidecker, Mary Whooley, Peter Ganz
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Starting with 1130 plasma proteins, we previously derived and then externally validated a 9 protein model (CVD9 [angiopoietin 2, complement C7, α-2 antiplasmin, matrix metalloproteinase 12, α-1 antichymotrypsin complex, growth differentiation factors 11/8, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18, angiopoietin related protein 4 and troponin I]) to predict 4-year probability of death, myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure using SOMAscan proteomic technology in subjects with stable coronary heart disease (CHD). In the current study, we tested whether this proteomic risk score increases within individuals as they approach an event. We applied CVD9 to paired plasma samples from 513 subjects in the Heart and Soul study who were still event free when a second blood sample was taken 4.8 years after the first. There were 139 subjects who had events a median of 2.9 years after their second sample, compared to 374 subjects who did not have events after their second sample (with a median of 4.3 years of further follow-up). In the events group, CVD9-predicted 4-year event probabilities were higher at baseline (median 24 % vs. 15%, [p&lt;0.001]), and the within-subject increase over 4.8 years was greater as they came closer to their adverse event: +9% vs. +3% [p&lt;0.001] when compared to the no-events group. In contrast, no interval change in the Framingham secondary event prediction score, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, common biomarkers or clinical parameters discriminated between groups in this way. The finding of a protein biomarker panel that is both prognostic at baseline and sensitive to impending events in patients with apparently stable CHD represents a promising advance in personalized risk monitoring.