tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Zinc Deficiency and Methylbenzylnitrosamine-lnduced Esophageal Cancer in Rats1
Authors: Louise Y. Y. Fong, Andrew Sivak, Paul M. Newberne
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Journal Article Zinc Deficiency and Methylbenzylnitrosamine-lnduced Esophageal Cancer in Rats Get access Louise Y. Y. Fong, Louise Y. Y. Fong 2Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. 02139. 3Present address: Department of Biochemistry, University of Hong Kong. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Andrew Sivak, Andrew Sivak 2Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. 02139. 4Biomédical Sciences Section, Arthur D. Little, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. 02140. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paul M. Newberne Paul M. Newberne 5 2Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. 02139. 5Address reprint requests to Dr. Paul M. Newberne. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 61, Issue 1, July 1978, Pages 145–150, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/61.1.145 Published: 01 July 1978
Species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of gram-negative bacteria in hospitalized cancer patients
Authors: H. M. Ashour, A. El-Sharif
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e20730 Background: Nosocomial infections pose significant threats to hospitalized patients, especially the immunocompromised ones, such as cancer patients. Methods: This study examined the microbial spectrum of gram-negative bacteria in various infection sites in patients with leukemia and solid tumors. The antimicrobial resistance patterns of the isolated bacteria were studied. Results: The most frequently isolated gram-negative bacteria were Klebsiella pneumonia (31.2%) followed by Escherichia coli (22.2%). We report the first-time isolation and identification of a number of less-frequent gram negative bacteria (Chromobacterium violacum, Burkholderia cepacia, Kluyvera ascorbata, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and Salmonella arizona). Most of the gram-negative isolates from RTI, GITI, UTI, and BSI were obtained from leukemic patients. All gram-negative isolates from SI were obtained from solid-tumor patients. In both leukemic and solid-tumor patients, gram-negative bacteria causing UTI were mainly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, while gram-negative bacteria causing RTI were mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae. Escherichia coli was the main gram-negative pathogen causing BSI in solid-tumor patients and GITI in leukemic patients. Isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter species were resistant to most antibiotics tested. There was significant imipenem-resistance in Acinetobacter (40.9%), Pseudomonas (40%), and Enterobacter (22.2%) species, and noticeable imipinem-resistance in Klebsiella (13.9%) and Escherichia coli (8%). Conclusions: This is the first study to report the evolution of imipenem-resistant gram-negative strains in Egypt. Mortality rates were higher in cancer patients with nosocomial Pseudomonas infections than any other bacterial infections. Policies restricting antibiotic consumption should be implemented to avoid the evolution of newer generations of antibiotic resistant-pathogens. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Estimating Causal Effects of Long-Term PM <sub>2.5</sub> Exposure on Mortality in New Jersey
Authors: Yan Wang, Itai Kloog, Brent A. Coull, Anna Kosheleva, Antonella Zanobetti, Joel D. Schwartz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Background:Many studies have reported the associations between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and increased risk of death. However, to our knowledge, none has used a causal modeling approach or controlled for long-term temperature exposure, and few have used a general population sample.Objective:We estimated the causal effects of long-term PM2.5 exposure on mortality and tested the effect modifications by seasonal temperatures, census tract–level socioeconomic variables, and county-level health conditions.Methods:We applied a variant of the difference-in-differences approach, which serves to approximate random assignment of exposure across the population and hence estimate a causal effect. Specifically, we estimated the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and mortality while controlling for geographical differences using dummy variables for each census tract in New Jersey, a state-wide time trend using dummy variables for each year from 2004 to 2009, and mean summer and winter temperatures for each tract in each year. This approach assumed that no variable changing differentially over time across space other than seasonal temperatures confounded the association.Results:For each interquartile range (2 μg/m3) increase in annual PM2.5, there was a 3.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.2, 5.9%] increase in all natural-cause mortality for the whole population, with similar results for people > 65 years old [3.5% (95% CI: 0.1, 6.9%)] and people ≤ 65 years old [3.1% (95% CI: –1.8, 8.2%)]. The mean summer temperature and the mean winter temperature in a census tract significantly modified the effects of long-term exposure to PM2.5 on mortality. We observed a higher percentage increase in mortality associated with PM2.5 in census tracts with more blacks, lower home value, or lower median income.Conclusions:Under the assumption of the difference-in-differences approach, we identified a causal effect of long-term PM2.5 exposure on mortality that was modified by seasonal temperatures and ecological socioeconomic status.Citation:Wang Y, Kloog I, Coull BA, Kosheleva A, Zanobetti A, Schwartz JD. 2016. Estimating causal effects of long-term PM2.5 exposure on mortality in New Jersey. Environ Health Perspect 124:1182–1188; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409671
S23 Ambulatory percutaneous lung biopsy with early discharge and Heimlich valve management of iatrogenic pneumothorax – a new model for the UK
Authors: RR Abdullah, AN Tavare, DD Creer, S Khan, R Vancheeswaran, SS Hare
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Aim</h3> To determine if an early discharge radiology-led percutaneous lung biopsy (PLB) service, incorporating ambulatory outpatient small calibre Heimlich valve chest drain (HVCD) to treat pneumothorax, is potentially safe and advantageous to the NHS. <h3>Methods</h3> A prospective study of 489 consecutive outpatient image-guided PLBs, performed between March 2011–March 2015, was conducted. Patients were discharged at 30 min if no pneumothorax was present; repeat 60-minute CXR was performed if a small asymptomatic pneumothorax was noted. If stable, patients were discharged. In enlarging or symptomatic pneumothorax, patients were discharged with HVCD <i>in situ</i> and followed up for drain removal. Data on complications was concurrently collected, including pneumothorax rates, numbers of patients requiring HVCD and failed early discharge. A retrospective blinded pulmonary function test (PFT) analysis was also performed at the end of the study period. <h3>Results</h3> 489 PLBs were performed with diagnostic accuracy of 97.8%. 402 (82.2%) patients were discharged at 30 min, all without further incident. 87 patients developed pneumothorax (17.8%). 35 patients with a small stable, asymptomatic pneumothorax were discharged at 60 min without complication. 52 patients required HVCD, with 5/52 proceeding to PLB with drain in-situ: 38/52 (73.1%) had drain removal at 24 h and 14/52 (26.9%) at 48 h, with none requiring HVCD greater than 48 h. 4/489 patients were admitted, for social issues. A blinded retrospective review of PFT data, available in 212/489 patients, revealed 28 with FEV1 &lt;1l. 22/28 (78.6%) were discharged at 30 min without incident; 6/28 patients (21.4%) developed post –PLB pneumothorax with three (10.7%) requiring outpatient HVCD, for 24 h duration. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This prospective study of 489 consecutive outpatient PLBs, novel in the NHS setting, provides evidence for a paradigm shift in current UK lung biopsy practice: (i) early discharge PLB, facilitated by use of ambulatory HVCD, is safe and expeditious, thereby enabling more prompt lung cancer diagnosis; and (ii) use of outpatient HVCD is clinically and economically beneficial, saving precious hospital beds whilst also facilitating lung biopsy in severely emphysematous patients with negligible morbidity.
Case 12-1998
Authors: Peter Heald, Lyn M. Duncan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Presentation of CaseA 68-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of laryngeal stenosis.Six years before admission, polyuria and polydipsia had developed. Glucose levels and a test for glycosylated hemoglobin were normal. A dexamethasone suppression test, performed because of truncal obesity, was normal. The serum osmolality was 304 mOsm per kilogram of water, and the antidiuretic hormone level was less than 0.9 pg per milliliter (normal range, 1 to 13.3). The testosterone level was low, with normal-to-low levels of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones, prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. A desmopressin nasal spray controlled the symptoms. At about the same . . .
Case 7-2008
Authors: T. Bernard Kinane, Eric F. Grabowski, Amita Sharma, Katherine Nimkin, Mary Etta King, Lynn D. Cornell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A 17-year-old girl was transferred to this hospital because of chest pain and hemoptysis. A diagnosis of membranous glomerulonephritis with the nephrotic syndrome had been made 3 months earlier. The day before admission, she went to another hospital because of chest pain for 2 weeks, along with hemoptysis, fever, tachycardia, and tachypnea. Computed tomographic angiography showed emboli in both pulmonary arteries, and echocardiography showed acute right heart strain. The patient was transferred to this hospital, and a management decision was made.
Improving physical performance tests: time to include a psychologist
Authors: Josh B Kazman, Sarah de la Motte, Timothy C Gribbin, Jeffrey Galecki, Patricia A Deuster, Francis O'Connor
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

Hegedus and Cook recently highlighted the lack of evidence supporting physical performance tests (PPTs) in sports medicine1 and asked whether these tests would ever be validated like ‘their self-report cousins’ and ‘predict a complex and multidimensional concept such as injury’. We believe that psychometrics–as used for clinical assessment in psychology and education–may also have a role in sports medicine.

The science of psychometrics is well laid-out, encompassing a framework for clinical assessment.2–4 Developing tests requires subject-matter experts, thought, and creativity to: (1) clearly define a construct based on theory; (2) explore and catalogue how the construct is manifest; (3) develop potential items; and (4) pilot-test items and iteratively refine item-selection (figure 1).



Figure 1 
A framework for clinical assessment.



If physical performance tests were developed using psychometric principles, it would amplify their reliability and their ability to predict outcomes (eg, rehabilitation success, injury risk). Most physical performance tests were created to identify one physical task correlating with some criterion (eg, biomechanics, pathology). For example, in the Landing Error …
A phase II study of preoperative chemotherapy (CX) with S-1 and cisplatin followed by gastrectomy for clinically resectable type 4 and large type 3 gastric cancer: JCOG 0210
Authors: K. Fujitani, M. Sasako, Y. Iwasaki, K. Yoshimura, T. Sano, A. Nashimoto, N. Fukushima, K. Arai, T. Kinoshita, O. Kobayashi, H. Tanemura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

4609 Background: Prognosis of both linitis plastica (type 4) and large ulcero-invasive type (type 3) gastric cancer is poor even after curative resection. We conducted a phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of preoperative CX with S-1 and cisplatin followed by gastrectomy in patients (pts) with these tumors. Methods: Eligibility criteria included histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the stomach; clinically resectable gastric cancer of type 4 or type 3 of =8 cm; cN0–2; cM0; PS 0–1; 20–75 years old. Pts received two 28-day cycles of induction CX of S-1 (80–120 mg/body, po, day 1–21) and cisplatin (60mg/m 2 , iv, day 8). Gastrectomy with D2/3 dissection was performed within 3 to 5 weeks after CX. No adjuvant therapy was added until recurrence after the curative gastrectomy. Primary endpoints were the proportion of protocol achievement and incidence of treatment related death (TRD). Sample size was determined to reject the rate of 45% under the expectation of 60% with power of 80% and alpha of 10%. Results: Fifty pts, 29 males and 21 females with a median age of 61 years (range: 32–75), were entered in this study between 03/2003 and 12/2003. Type 3/4 ratio was 20/30. Surgical exploration was carried out in 48 pts (96%). Among 49 eligible pts, 36 pts (73%; 95% CI, 59–85%) received two cycles of induction CX and R0 resection. One TRD was observed during the first course of CX due to uncontrollable hemorrhage from the primary tumor. Median survival time and the 3- year OS were 1.44 years (95% CI, 1.26–1.98) and 26.0% (95% CI, 14.9–38.6%), respectively. Pathological response, defined as disappearance of more than one third of the primary tumor, was confirmed in 24 pts (48%) and pathological complete response was seen in 1 pts (2%). During the CX, grade 3/4 neutropenia and anorexia occurred in 7 pts (14%), respectively. Postoperative morbidity included pneumonia in 2 pts, pancreatic leakage in 4, and intraperitoneal abscess in 3, without any mortality. Conclusions: Preoperative CX with S-1 and cisplatin followed by gastrectomy was safe and promising for type 4 and large type 3 gastric cancer. The results of ongoing phase III study to evaluate this treatment are awaited. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Leukemia-Associated Antigens in Man
Authors: Geoffrey Brown, David Capellaro, Melvyn Greaves
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Rabbit antisera raised against acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells were used to distinguish ALL from other leukemias, to identify rare leukemia cells in the bone marrow of patients in remission, and to define human leukemia-associated antigens. Antibody binding was studied with the use of immunofluorescence reagents and the analytic capacity of the Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter-1 (FACS-1). The results indicated that most non-T-cell ALL have three leukemia-associated antigens on their surface which are absent from normal lymphoid cells: 1) an antigen shared with myelocytes, myeloblastic leukemia cells, and fetal liver (hematopoietic) cells; 2) an antigen shared with a subset of intermediate normoblasts in normal bone marrow and fetal liver; and 3) an antigen found thus far only on non-T-cell ALL and in some acute undifferentiated leukemias, which we therefore regard as a strong candidate for a leukemia-specific antigen. These antigens are absent from a subgroup of ALL patients in which the lymphoblasta express T-cell surface markers. Preliminary studies on the bone marrow samples of patients in remission indicated that rare leukemia cells were present in some samples. The implications of these findings with respect to the heterogeneity and cell origin(s) of ALL, its diagnosis, and its potential monitoring during treatment were discussed.
Tumors of the Pituitary, Pancreas, and Parathyroid Glands in a Patient with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
Authors: K J Simcic, A J Moreno
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Figure 1. In 1992, a T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging study detected a macroadenoma of the pituitary (arrowhead in Panel A) in a 41-year-old man with transient right-sided weakness. He had no symptoms of pituitary dysfunction, and the results of laboratory studies were normal except for a serum prolactin concentration of 186 ng per milliliter (normal, <15). The 2.2-cm tumor was resected by transsphenoidal surgery. The weakness did not recur. In May 1995, the patient reported episodic clouding of consciousness, and a review of his records disclosed a serum glucose concentration (measured during fasting) of 45 mg per deciliter . . .
Provocation Challenges to Evaluate Amoxicillin Allergy in Children
Authors: John M. Kelso
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Abstract 740: Selection of Chest Pain Investigations in the Emergency Room: A Decision-Analytic Model for Low-risk CVD Patients
Authors: Virginia Priest, Paul A Scuffham, Thomas H Marwick
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background. The high predictive value of negative CT coronary angiography (CTA) has led to its proposal as the test of choice to select chest pain (CP) pts for early ER discharge. We sought to dete...
Radical pelvic surgery has no role in primary management of vesical or prostatic rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: G Humphrey, B R Squire
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Physicians working group, whose members included paediatricians, paediatric nephrologists, radiologists, microbiologists, general practitioners, paediatric urologists, and a parent.2The article makes no reference to the vital importance of the child's age to management, despite clear evidence that younger children are at far greater risk of developing renal scars with a urinary tract infection, infants under 1 year being especially vulnerable.This explains the
Undergraduate education and recruitment into psychiatry
Authors: J H Scully, S L Dubovsky, R C Simons
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

From 1969 to 1979 senior medical students from the University of Colorado School of Medicine entered psychiatric residencies at an average rate of 3.8%. The university gradually instituted a series of changes in its undergraduate psychiatric education program for medical students, and the senior class of 1980 was the first to be exposed to all of the changes. In 1980-1982 7.7% of the seniors went into psychiatric residencies. The authors describe the curriculum changes and speculate that more attention to the quality of medical students' psychiatric education at the undergraduate level enhances recruitment into psychiatric residencies.
Effect of a Prior-Authorization Requirement on the Use of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs by Medicaid Patients
Authors: Walter E. Smalley, Marie R. Griffin, Randy L. Fought, Leo Sullivan, Wayne A. Ray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Prior authorization — mandatory advance approval for the use of expensive medications — is now the primary method by which Medicaid programs control expenditures for drugs. However, whether this policy reduces expenditures for specific drugs without causing the unwanted substitution of other drugs or medical services has been largely unstudied. We evaluated the effects of a prior-authorization policy involving nongeneric nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the Medicaid program in Tennessee.
The Nazi Patient
Authors: Bernard L. Sussman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

On Being a Doctor5 April 2016The Nazi PatientBernard L. Sussman, MDBernard L. Sussman, MDFrom University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M15-1759 Audio Reading - “The Nazi Patient” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "The Nazi Patient," by B.L. Sussman. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I met Mr. W when he was searching for a doctor. His physician, a patient of mine, had been disabled by a stroke. While in Austria, several months before we met, Mr. W had been diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism. He'd found a replacement for his long-time primary care physician but was unhappy with the care he had received. The family of his previous physician had referred him to me.Mr. W was a congenial man with broad shoulders and thick, white hair who spoke English with a strong German accent. He smiled easily and graciously. He expressed his gratitude ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.Corresponding Author: Bernard L. Sussman, MD, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “The Nazi Patient” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "The Nazi Patient," by B.L. Sussman. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAddressing Patient Bias and Discrimination Against Clinicians of Diverse Backgrounds“Are you a good witch or a bad witch?” An exercise in suspending judgment when interacting with “difficult” people 5 April 2016Volume 164, Issue 7Page: 507-508KeywordsAdolescentsDyspneaIschemiaJewish peopleOpioidsPulmonary embolismShouldersSputumStroke ePublished: 5 April 2016 Issue Published: 5 April 2016 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2016 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Present Trends in Obstetrics
Authors: S. A. Cosgrove
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

THE obstetrician finds his efforts in behalf of pregnant and parturient women consisting of the prevention and alleviation of four great menaces. These are pain, hemorrhage, toxemia and sepsis. The significant trends in practice, therefore, are perhaps best dealt with as pertaining to these subjects.PainUntil a comparatively recent epoch in medical history, pain was considered the inevitable and inescapable lot of child-bearing women. For the past hundred years, however, the search for a method of alleviating the pain of labor has been continuous and assiduous; men have long hoped for the means of making labor completely painless. From . . .