tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A review of global initiatives to fight antibiotic resistance and recent antibiotics׳ discovery
Authors: Arpana Sagwal Chaudhary
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2016)

Data from across the world have shown an overall decline in the antibiotic pipeline and continually rising resistance to all first-line and last-resort antibiotics. The gaps in our knowledge of existing prevalence and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance (ABR) are all too well known. Several decades of antibiotic abuse in humans, animals, and agricultural practices have created health emergency situations and huge socio-economic impact. This paper discusses key findings of the studies conducted by several national and international collaborative organizations on the current state of affairs in ABR. Alongside, a brief overview of the antibacterial agents׳ discovery in recent years approved by the US FDA is discussed.
Trends in Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration by Birth Weight Among US Children, 1999-2012
Authors: Kirsten A. Herrick, Lauren M. Rossen, Brian K. Kit, Chia-Yih Wang, Cynthia L. Ogden
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2016)

2012, LBW infants had a 38% (95% CI, 1.17-1.63)increased hazard of discontinuing breastfeeding compared with infants weighing 2500 g or more (P < .001).Discussion | Although breastfeeding rates have increased over the past 2 decades, the percentage of LBW infants ever breastfed and continuing to breastfeed was lower than infants weighing 2500 g or more.These baseline estimates may be used to track current and future public health efforts.
A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies a Novel Locus for Bortezomib-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in European Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Florence Magrangeas, Rowan Kuiper, Hervé Avet-Loiseau, Wilfried Gouraud, Catherine Guérin-Charbonnel, Ludovic Ferrer, Alexandre Aussem, Haytham Elghazel, Jérôme Suhard, Henri Der Sakissian, Michel Attal, Nikhil C. Munshi, Pieter Sonneveld, Charles Dumontet, Philippe Moreau, Mark van Duin, Loïc Campion, Stéphane Minvielle
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Painful peripheral neuropathy is a frequent toxicity associated with bortezomib therapy. This study aimed to identify loci that affect susceptibility to this toxicity.A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 370,605 SNPs was performed to identify risk variants for developing severe bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BiPN) in 469 patients with multiple myeloma who received bortezomib-dexamethasone therapy prior to autologous stem cell in randomized clinical trials of the Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome (IFM) and findings were replicated in 114 patients with multiple myeloma of the HOVON-65/GMMG-HD4 clinical trial.An SNP in the PKNOX1 gene was associated with BiPN in the exploratory cohort [rs2839629; OR, 1.89, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.45-2.44; P = 7.6 × 10(-6)] and in the replication cohort (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, = 1.11-3.33; P = 8.3 × 10(-3)). In addition, rs2839629 is in strong linkage disequilibrium (r(2) = 0.87) with rs915854, located in the intergenic region between PKNOX1 and cystathionine-ß-synthetase (CBS) Expression quantitative trait loci mapping showed that both rs2839629 and rs915854 genotypes have an impact on PKNOX1 expression in nerve tissue, whereas rs2839629 affects CBS expression in skin and blood.The use of GWAS in multiple myeloma pharmacogenomics has identified a novel candidate genetic locus mapping to PKNOX1 and in the immediate vicinity of CBS at 21q22.3 associated with the severe bortezomib-induced toxicity. The proximity of these two genes involved in neurologic pain whose tissue-specific expression is modified by the two variants provides new targets for neuroprotective strategies. Clin Cancer Res; 22(17); 4350-5. ©2016 AACR.
Alectinib (ALC) versus crizotinib (CRZ) in ALK-inhibitor naive <i>ALK</i>-positive non-small cell lung cancer (<i>ALK+</i> NSCLC): Primary results from the J-ALEX study.
Authors: Hiroshi Nokihara, Toyoaki Hida, Masashi Kondo, Young Hak Kim, Koichi Azuma, Takashi Seto, Yuichi Takiguchi, Makoto Nishio, Hiroshige Yoshioka, Fumio Imamura, Katsuyuki Hotta, Satoshi Watanabe, Koichi Goto, Kazuhiko Nakagawa, Tetsuya Mitsudomi, Nobuyuki Yamamoto, Hiroshi Kuriki, Ryoichi Asabe, Tomohiro Tanaka, Tomohide Tamura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

9008 Background: ALC showed promising efficacy and tolerability in the phase I/II study (AF-001JP). Here, we conducted the randomized open-label phase III trial (J-ALEX study, JapicCTI-132316) to prove superior progression-free survival (PFS) of ALC to CRZ in ALK+ NSCLC patients (pts) without prior ALK inhibitor treatment. Methods: ALK+ NSCLC pts were randomized 1:1 either to receive ALC (300 mg b.i.d.) or CRZ (250 mg b.i.d.) and stratified by ECOG PS (0/1 vs 2), treatment line (1st vs 2nd), and clinical stage (IIIB/IV vs recurrence). Treatment on both arms was continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary endpoint was PFS according to the blinded independent review board. Secondary endpoints included overall survival, objective response rate, and safety. Under an assumption of expected hazard ratio (HR) of 0.643, 164 events were required to have 80% power with 2-sided alpha of 0.05. Three interim analyses (IA) for early stopping due to efficacy were planned after 33%, 50%, and 75% of required PFS events occurred. Results: 207 pts were enrolled at 41 centers in Japan between November 2013 and August 2015. 98%, 73%, and 64% of the pts were PS0-1, stage IV, and 1st line, respectively. A second IA was performed on 6thFebruary 2016. Independent data monitoring committee recommended the release of study data because the superiority in PFS had been demonstrated. The PFS HR of ALC arm to CRZ arm was 0.34 (99.6826% CI: 0.17-0.70, stratified log-rank p<0.0001). Median PFS was not reached (95% CI: 20.3-Not Estimated) in ALC arm while it was 10.2 months (95%CI: 8.2-12.0) in CRZ arm. In the ALC arm, only constipation (36%) was an adverse event with >30% frequency, while in the CRZ arm nausea (74%), diarrhea (73%), vomiting (59%), visual disturbance (55%), dysgeusia (52%), constipation (46%), ALT elevation (32%), and AST elevation (31%) were seen in >30% pts. Grade 3-4 AEs occurred with greater frequency in the CRZ arm (ALC arm: 27% vs CRZ arm: 51%). There were no treatment-related deaths in either arm. Conclusions: At J-ALEX IA, ALC demonstrated significantly prolonged PFS compared with CRZ and was well tolerated with a favorable AE profile. Clinical trial information: JapicCTI-132316.
Hyphema
Authors: Beate J Langner-Wegscheider, Robert Krause
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

A 33-year-old pig farmer presented with sudden blurred vision, pain, redness, and photophobia in both eyes and a 10-day history of fever, malaise, and myalgia. Local treatment alleviated the pain and photophobia, but the next morning he had hyphema in his left eye.
Measles and mumps immunity in Northern Greece, 2004-2007
Authors: A Fylaktou, K Haidopoulou, M Goutaki, E Papadimitriou, S Kalamitsiou, D Papaventsis
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

A cross-sectional study was conducted in order to determine the prevalence of mumps and measles antibodies in a representative sample of the general population in Northern Greece between January 2004 and May 2007. Overall, 900 healthy individuals participated in the study. The great majority were found to be protected against measles. The total protection rate against mumps was significantly less (87% versus 72%, respectively; p&lt;0.01). Compared to all other age groups, statistically significantly lower protection rates were found in children younger than 1.5 years (p&lt;0.01). The lowest rates of all adult groups were found in the age group of 21 to 30 years (86% and 68% for measles and mumps, accordingly). In conclusion, protection rates against both measles and mumps seem to be lower than expected in certain age groups, such as infants and young adults.
Prophylactic Use of Implanted Cardiac Defibrillators in Patients at High Risk for Ventricular Arrhythmias after Coronary-Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: O Fruchter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Correspondence from The New England Journal of Medicine — Prophylactic Use of Implanted Cardiac Defibrillators in Patients at High Risk for Ventricular Arrhythmias after Coronary-Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Look to Poland! Conversion from opportunistic screening to a randomized, national screening program for colorectal cancer
Authors: Geir Hoff
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Any new treatment modality or healthcare provision should pass through a stage of high quality randomized trials before being implemented, and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is no exception [1]. However, this basic rule has not always been followed. Historically, several countries implemented fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy screening before the results from randomized trials were available [2]. The scientific community must take some responsibility for this situation, but the mere thought of randomizing health services (leaving one group behind as controls) has not been well accepted by politicians who basically want to provide what they believe to be good health services to the whole population. Beliefs have overruled proof. Comparative effectiveness research (CER) within the framework of screening programs has been suggested as a method to compensate for always lagging behind the demand for results from randomized trials [3]. CER implies comparing one treatment, one strategy, or one intervention against another, for example, comparing different screening modalities against each other or against a standard. This standard may be “care as usual,” which in terms of CRC screening services still means “no screening” for many. Thus, CER may include traditional randomized trial design.
Nimotuzumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A phase II, open-label, multicenter, randomized study.
Authors: Kumar Prabhash, Kanaka Govind Babu, Ashok K. Vaid, Ranga Rao Rangaraju, Bhawna Sirohi, Ravi Diwakar, Raghunadha Rao, Madhuchanda Kar, Hemant Malhotra, Shona Milon Nag, Chanchal Goswami, Vinod Raina, Pedapenki Ravi Mohan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

8053 Background: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of nimotuzumab in combination with chemotherapy (docetaxel and carboplatin) versus chemotherapy alone in stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods: This multicenter, open-label, phase II study, randomized 110 patients to receive nimotuzumab plus chemotherapy (nimotuzumab group) or chemotherapy alone (control group), and comprised concomitant, maintenance, and follow-up phases. Nimotuzumab (200 mg) was administered once weekly for 13 weeks during the first 2 phases with 4 cycles of chemotherapy; docetaxel (75 mg/m 2 ) and carboplatin (area under the curve [AUC] = 5 mg/ml*min), every 3 weeks for a maximum of 4 cycles during the concomitant phase. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR; sum of complete response [CR] and partial response [PR]). Secondary endpoints, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Efficacy was evaluated on the intent-to-treat (ITT) and efficacy-evaluable (EE) sets. Safety was assessed from adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs) data. Results: ORR was significantly higher in the nimotuzumab group than in the control group in the ITT (54% vs. 34.5%; P=0.04) population. CR and PR were achieved in 3.6% and 50% patients, respectively, in the nimotuzumab group, and in 4% and 30.9% patients, respectively, in the control group. No significant differences in median PFS and OS were observed. Safety profiles were comparable between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Nimotuzumab plus chemotherapy significantly improved ORR as compared to chemotherapy alone; the combination was safe and well tolerated in stage IIIB/IV NSCLC patients.
Response to: Alarming weight cutting behaviours in mixed martial arts
Authors: Victor Silveira Coswig, Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

This letter explains why the recent editorial1 may be misguided and proposes an alternative view. MMA organisations which already have eight weight divisions in male and two in female combats, and more in Olympic combat sports, including judo (7), taekwondo (4 in Olympic Games), wrestling (6 for males and 3 for female) and boxing (10 in male and 3 in female divisions), do not justify more categories.

Otherwise, the indication that 2% of weight loss can increase brain trauma risk it is at …
Part 10.5: Near-Fatal Asthma
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Part 10.5: Near-Fatal AsthmaA sthma accounts for Ͼ2 million emergency department visits and 5000 to 6000 deaths annually in the United States, many occurring in the prehospital setting. 1 Severe asthma accounts for approximately 2% to 20% of admissions to intensive care units, with up to one third of these patients requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. 2This section focuses on the evaluation and treatment of patients with near-fatal asthma. PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of asthma consists of 3 key abnormalities:Complications of severe asthma, such as tension pneumothorax, lobar atelectasis, pneumonia, and pulmonary edema, can contribute to fatalities.Cardiac causes of death are less common. Clinical Aspects of Severe AsthmaWheezing is a common physical finding, but severity does not correlate with the degree of airway obstruction.The absence of wheezing may indicate critical airway obstruction, whereas increased wheezing may indicate a positive response to bronchodilator therapy.Oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ) levels may not reflect progressive alveolar hypoventilation, particularly if O 2 is being administered.Note that the SaO 2 may initially fall during therapy because ␤-agonists produce both bronchodilation and vasodilation and may initially increase intrapulmonary shunting.Other causes of wheezing are pulmonary edema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, anaphylaxis, 3 foreign bodies, pulmonary embolism, bronchiectasis, and subglottic mass. 4
Learning dynamic psychotherapy in psychiatric training
Authors: L Shulman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

At a time when psychiatric training is undergoing major shifts in response to social and economic pressures, it is crucial to preserve the trainee's opportunity to learn the techniques of dynamic psychotherapy. The author describes the course of the treatment of a patient to illustrate the way in which the central psychological issue had to be learned by sitting with her through the evolution of its discovery. This process of independent, experimental learning is crucial for the trainee's development of a sound and flexible understanding of the basic principles of psychodynamics.
Laparoscopic management of non-midline incisional hernia: A multicentric study
Authors: Alessia Ferrarese, Stefano Enrico, Mario Solej, Alessandra Surace, Mario Junior Nardi, Paolo Millo, Rosaldo Allieta, Cosimo Feleppa, Luigi D'Ambra, Stefano Berti, Enrico Gelarda, Felice Borghi, Gabriele Pozzo, Bartolomeo Marino, Emma Marchigiano, Pietro Cumbo, Maria Paola Bellomo, Claudio Filippa, Paolo Depaolis, Mario Nano, Valter Martino
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2016)
The EUVAC-NET project: creation and operation of a surveillance community network for vaccine preventable infectious diseases
Authors: S Glismann, T Rønne, A  E Tozzi
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2001)

The EUVAC-NET network is in charge of the epidemiological surveillance and control of vaccine preventable diseases. It is coordinated by the SSI in Denmark, in collaboration with the ISS in Italy. The two main diseases targeted by the network are measles and pertussis. A collaboration is planned with the PHLS for the monitoring of Haemophilus influenzae b. EUVAC-NET includes the Member States of the European Union, and Iceland, Norway and Switzerland.
Bhopal: the lingering tragedy
Authors: Prabha Desikan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

I t was a bolt from the blue. In the early hours of the morning of 3 December 1984 toxic methyl isocyanate gas leaked out of the storage tanks of Union Carbide's plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. Residents awoke to clouds of suffocating gas and began a desperate flight through the dark streets. No warning alarm was given, and no evacuation plan had been prepared. It was an industrial disaster without parallel in history. Victims arrived at hospitals blind and with breathing problems. Doctors did their best to manage them, but it was an exercise in futility. The causative agent had not been identified, and so treatment was empirical. Only the next morning was the magnitude of the devastation seen. Dead bodies of humans and animals blocked the streets. Leaves had turned black, and an acrid smell lingered in the air. The sheer enormity of loss was heartbreaking. Destruction, under the guise of development, had smoked life out of the town.

Twenty years down the line the nightmare continues. A 40 year old woman breathes with difficulty in her …
P-084 Several affecting factors of submucosal or Lymphovascular Invasion in Early Gastric Cancer Resected by Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Authors: D.H. Kang, C.W. Choi, H.W. Kim, S.B. Park, S.J. Kim, H.S. Nam, W.H. Choi, S.B. Lee, S.H. Lee, J.M. Park
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Funding PrEP for HIV prevention
Authors: Jim McManus, Dominic Harrison
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Delays by NHS England will cost lives—it’s time to do the right thing

Despite overwhelming evidence that pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) against HIV infection is largely safe, effective,1 2 3 4 and cost effective,4 5 6 7 NHS England has declined to make it available on the NHS, arguing that HIV prevention is the responsibility of local government.8

NHS England’s apparent appetite for legalistic cost shunting,9 and its argument that it does not have the legal power to commission PrEP,8 is regrettable. Such an approach confounds its advocacy of a health and care system integrated around the best outcomes for the citizen and perpetuates an incoherent national approach to HIV prevention.

PrEP has undoubtedly attracted some moral panic.10 11 Yet the clinical principle is not dissimilar to that of antimalarials, used to prevent malaria when travelling in at-risk environments. In population health, PrEP’s role is comparable to the function of vaccinations and immunisations, which NHS England …
PD3-1-3: Zirconium-89 labeled Cetuximab: A very promising imaging probe to monitor and quantify EGFR expression non-invasively in vivo
Authors: Hugo Aerts, Ludwig Dubois, Roel Straathof, Tilman Hackeng, Roland Chiu, Dirk De Ruysscher, Guido Lammering, Brad Wouters, Guus van Dongen, Philippe Lambin
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Fluorescent Antibody Studies on Herpesviruses From New-World Primates&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: C. E. O. Fraser, L. V. Meléndez, M. D. Daniel, H. H. Barahona
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Fluorescent Antibody Studies on Herpesviruses From New-World Primates C. E. O. Fraser, C. E. O. Fraser Harvard Medical School, New England Regional Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts 01772 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. V. Meléndez, L. V. Meléndez Harvard Medical School, New England Regional Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts 01772 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. D. Daniel, M. D. Daniel Harvard Medical School, New England Regional Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts 01772 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. H. Barahona H. H. Barahona Harvard Medical School, New England Regional Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts 01772 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 49, Issue 1, July 1972, Pages 291–294, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/49.1.291 Published: 01 July 1972
Seven charges against medical director accused of failing to protect patients are thrown out
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2016)

A medical practitioners’ tribunal has thrown out seven misconduct charges against a former medical director who was accused of failing to act soon enough to deal with the risk of harm posed to patients by a bungling consultant obstetrician.

At the close of the General Medical Council’s (GMC) case against Paul Upton, the tribunal dismissed seven of the charges but ruled that …
Society Proceedings
Authors: D. Mitchell
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article Society Proceedings Get access D. Mitchell D. Mitchell Chairman—Dr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 87, Issue 5, 1 November 1972, Page 514, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb01603.x Published: 01 November 1972
Influence of Gonadotrophin on Pyridoxine-Deficient and Diet-Restricted Female Mice
Authors: Harold P. Morris, Thelma B. Dunn, Billie P. Wagner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1953)

Influence of Gonadotrophin on Pyridoxine-Deficient and Diet-Restricted Female Mice Get access Harold P. Morris, Harold P. Morris National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thelma B. Dunn, Thelma B. Dunn National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Billie P. Wagner Billie P. Wagner National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 14, Issue 3, December 1953, Pages 493–511, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/14.3.493 Published: 01 December 1953 Article history Received: 22 December 1952 Published: 01 December 1953