tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2659: Cilastatin attenuates cisplatin-induced proximal tubular cell damage without compromising antitumoral activity
Authors: Blanca Humanes, Montserrat Blanco-Codesido, Alberto Lazaro, Sonia Camaño, Alberto Tejedor
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Cisplatin (CDDP) is a very effective and common treatment in solid malignancies. One of the most important side effects of CDDP is the nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity is a limitating side effect on treatment with CDDP, preventing patients with limit kidney function of receiving the drug and stopping treatment once kidney function has worsened. Cilastatin (Cls) is a specific inhibitor of renal dedydrodipeptidase I (DHP-I) which prevents hydrolysis of imipenem and its accumulation in the proximal tubule. In this work we hypothesized that Cls acts as a nephroprotector against CDDP-induced damage without compromising antitumor activity. Methods: Primary cultures of proximal tubular cells (PTCs) and cell lines of different malignancies (colon, breast, ovarian, bladder) were cultured with different concentrations of CDDP (1, 10 and 30 μM) in the presence or absence of Cls. Cell viability was assessed with MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Raft staining was measured with toxine B choleric and FasL by confocal microscopy. Results: Cls interfered with CDDP-induced FasL signalling at raft level on PTCs brush border. Concomitant treatment with Cls reduced CDDP-induced changes. Several tumoral cell lines were tested with CDDP and Cls together. Cls did not increase or decreased tumor growth alone or in combination with CDDP. CDDP sensitivity was not affected by Cls. Conclusion: By binding a DHP-I, Cls blocks CDDP-induced PTCs apoptosis but it does not affect the CDDP antitumoral activity. Our findings suggest that the affinity of Cls for renal DHP-I make this effect specific for proximal tubular cells and may be related to a reduction in intracellular drug accumulation. Cls administration might represent a novel strategy in the prevention of CDDP-induced acute renal injury. Cls treatment could potentially increase the number of patients undergoing CDDP treatment or maintaining treatment. Further clinical trials for renal function preservation in cancer patients are warranted. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2659. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2659
DEVELOPMENT OF INVASIVELY MEASURED CORONARY FLOW RESERVE BEFORE AND AFTER REPERFUSION OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: RESULTS FROM AN EXPERIMENTAL PORCINE MODEL AND A PATIENT STUDY
Authors: Guus de Waard, Paul Teunissen, Maurits Hollander, Matthijs Jansen, Elise Eerenberg, Lourens Robbers, Aernout Beek, Niels Van Royen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
S69 Rising Standards Of Care Continue In Year 9 Of The National Lung Cancer Audit
Authors: P. Beckett, A. Yelland, I. Woolhouse, M. Peake
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The National Lung Cancer Audit, now in its 9th year, is run jointly by the Royal College of Physicians and The Information Centre for Health and Social Care (HSCIC), and commissioned by the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP). Over this period, the rich data of increasing quality has charted improving standards of care for patients, as well as persistent variation across organisations which in most cases is independent of case-mix. <h3>Methods</h3> Although several other countries also submit data to the audit, this abstract presents provisional results for England only for patients first seen in 2013. <h3>Results</h3> 30,508 patient records were submitted with more than 93% having performance status and the same number having disease stage recorded (see <b>Table 1</b>). Spirometry is available for 65% of Stage I-II/PS 0–1 NSCLC patients, allowing more detailed risk-adjustment to be carried out in future. The histological confirmation rate remains steady at 75%, and the proportion with non-subtyped NSCLC continues to fall. There has been a small but incremental rise in the resection rate in histologically-confirmed NSCLC which now stands at 23%, and in the proportions of patients with SCLC receiving chemotherapy (70%). Patient access to specialist nurses appears to have improved but demonstrates a continuing unmet need. The proportion having CT scan before bronchoscopy continues to rise (91%) as does the proportion having chemotherapy for locally advanced NSCLC with good PS (60%). Variation in practice still exists – for example, the resection rate in Stage I-II NSCLC varies from 46% to 66% across the cancer networks, although the range is narrower than the previous year (35% to 62%). Our final presentation will contain further analyses of survival across the audit lifespan. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In contrast to the early years of the audit where standards of care appeared to improve rapidly and were partly related to improvements in data quality, recent years have shown only small incremental improvements. A reconfiguration of the audit as part of a new commissioning process, and the linkage with other developing datasets will allow the project to continue to realise the goal of improved and less variable outcomes and for patients with lung cancer.
Congenital Eventration of the Diaphragm
Authors: Oliver E. Laxdal, Hector McDougall, Gilbert W. Mellin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

SUCCESSFUL surgical treatment of diaphragmatic hernia dates back a great many years. However, it is only recently that congenital eventration of the diaphragm has been found amenable to surgery. Badenheur,1 in 1879, performed the first laparotomy for congenital diaphragmatic hernia. In all the early reports and as recently as 1947 (Lattomus2) it was stated that surgery is not indicated in eventration of the diaphragm in infancy.3 In the cases of eventration of the left leaf of the diaphragm reported below, 1 patient died, and autopsy was performed; the other was successfully treated by surgical operation. Since the literature on . . .
AB1299 Evaluation of hand arteries in patients with “scleroderma spectrum diseases” using unenhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA):
Authors: S. Barsotti, A. della Rossa, A. Di Vita, S. Casigliani Rabl, V. Zampa, A. d’Ascanio, S. Bombardieri
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Scleroderma Spectrum Diseases (SSDs) are characterized by alterations of the microarchitecture of small arteries. Recently, gadolinium enhanced MRA has been used as a safe and accurate technique for the evaluation of vascular pathologies of the small arteries of the hands<sup>1</sup>. <h3>Objectives</h3> the aims of the present study were to: 1. evaluate the feasibility of unenhanced MRA in healthy controls (HC) and in SSDs. 2. outline differences between HC and SSDs 3. assess the capability of unenhanced MRA to measure the severity of vascular damage in SSDs. <h3>Methods</h3> MRA was performed both in HS and in consecutive SSDs patients: both hands were assessed with a 3 tesla system (Discovery MR750, GE) using 3D delta flow MRA. All of the patients performed a standardized clinical-instrumental assessment to evaluate organ involvement as well as capillaroscopy, with classification of the pattern according to Cutolo et al. <h3>Results</h3> 10 HC and 7 consecutive SSDs were enrolled in the period from September to December 2011. 3 patients were classified, according to ACR criteria, as limited cutaneous SSc (Lc-SSc), 2 as diffuse cutaneous SSc (Dc-Ssc), 1 patient fulfilled very early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (VEDOSS) criteria and 1 was classified as mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). All of the patients were female with a mean age at the evaluation of 46 years [30-71], mean disease duration 5.9 years [1-9]. Five patients had a history of digital ulcers (DUs), 2 had active DUs, all had esophageal involvement. Five patients were affected by interstitial lung disease and no case of pulmonary arterial hypertension was recorded. Table 1 summarizes the clinical data of the patients. Whereas in HC proper digital arteries (PDAs) were depictet in 100% of the cases (fully depicted in 7/10, partially depicted in 3/10), in SSDs these vessels were depicted in only 57% of the cases (fully: 3 partially: 1). In SSDs patients, abnormalities of MRA findings were correlated to Allen test alteration, moreover, 3/5 of the patients with a history of DUs had major alteration of proper digital arteries. <h3>Conclusions</h3> vascular involvement is important in the pathogenesis of digital skin ulcers in SSDs. Unhenanced MRA seems to be feasible and able to improve the assessment of vascular involvement in these disorders. However, the unenhanced MRA technique needs to be validated on larger number of patients in order to establish if it can measure the severity of vascular involvement and predict the development of digital ulcers and if it could replace contrast-enhanced MRA. <h3>References</h3> Allanore Y, Seror R et al. Hand vascular involvement assessed by magnetic resonance angiography in Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism 2007; 56(8):2747-54 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Exercise boosts immunity--up to a point
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Regular moderate exercise can reduce the risk of falling prey to upper respiratory tract infections, says Mike Gleason, professor of exercise biochemistry at the University of Loughborough. But don’t expect that more strenuous or prolonged exercise, such as running a marathon, will compound this benefit. On the contrary, he says, it’s more likely to increase susceptibility to colds and sore throats.

Speaking on 6 January at the Association for Science Education’s annual conference in Liverpool, …
OP0133 Ultrasonographic assessment of synovitis improves the accuracy of 2010 american college of rheumatology/european league against rheumatism classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis to predict development of a methotrexate-requiring disease
Authors: D. Nakagomi, K. Ikeda, A. Okubo, T. Iwamoto, Y. Sanayama, K. Takahashi, M. Yamagata, H. Takatori, K. Suzuki, K. Takabayashi, H. Nakajima
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> 2010 ACR/EULAR RA classification criteria refer to a possible use of new imaging techniques such as ultrasonography (US). However, the impact of US assessment on the accuracy of the criteria to classify diseases that require methotrexate (MTX) treatment has not been fully assessed. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the impact of US assessment of synovitis on the accuracy of 2010 ACR/EULAR RA classification criteria to classify diseases that require MTX treatment. <h3>Methods</h3> 117 consecutive cases with musculoskeletal symptoms for less than three years which were not obviously explained by diseases other than RA were enrolled in the study. Patients underwent full assessment including ultrasound (US) on 38 joint regions at baseline and received routine care from expert rheumatologists who were blinded to the ultrasound findings. For simple description, joints with GS score ≥1 or PD score ≥1 were defined as having US-synovitis, whereas those with swelling or tenderness were defined as having clinical (CL)-synovitis. Similarly, patients who were classified as RA when joint assessment was replaced with US-synovitis were defined as having US-RA, whereas those who were classified as RA without US assessment were defined as having CL-RA. <h3>Results</h3> Proportions of cases who received MTX for RA treatment during study period were 17.0% for CL-RA (-) US-RA (-) patients (N=47), 8.3% for CL-RA (+) US-RA (-) patients (N=12), 60.0% for CL-RA (-) US-RA (+) patients (N=10), and 79.1% for CL-RA (+) US-RA (+) patients (N=43). The proportion was significantly higher in CL-RA (-) US-RA (+) patients than CL-RA (+) US-RA (-) patients (Fisher’s exact test, P=0.008). The sensitivity and the specificity of 2010 ACR/EULAR RA classification criteria to predict MTX-requirement within the first year of classification were 71.4% and 68.2%, respectively. When US-synovitis was applied, not only the sensitivity, but also the specificity of the criteria improved (81.6% and 79.3%, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the criteria scores to predict an MTX-requiring disease demonstrated a larger area under curve (AUC) for the score with US-synovitis than that with CL-synovitis (Figure). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Ultrasonographic assessment of synovitis improves both the sensitivity and the specificity of 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for RA to predict development of an MTX-requiring disease. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Believe the Data
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Better care for our patients comes largely from clinical research. Such research is possible because of a union between a critically posed research question and the altruism of patient participants. One would therefore think that the translation of research findings into clinical actions would depend solely on the importance of the research question and the quality of the data used to answer it. An article by Kesselheim and colleagues in this issue of the Journal provides evidence that this assumption is not entirely true.1 The article describes research into the medical sociology of how internists use clinical information. The investigators . . .
Guidelines Released On Acute Pain Management
Authors: J. A. Steele, E. Taylor
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Guidelines Released On Acute Pain Management Get access Julie A. Steele, Julie A. Steele Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ellen Taylor Ellen Taylor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 7, April 1992, Pages 481–482, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.7.481 Published: 01 April 1992
Science commentary: Pertussis immunisation
Authors: A. Berger
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Background</h3> Marikina City was pummeled by Typhoon Rammasun last July 16, 2014. The calamity was caused by natural means, with addition of climate change as its catalyzing agent. This category 4 storm caused catastrophic damages to people and structures, leaving the city with millions of Philippine Pesos in loss. <h3>Objectives</h3> Given these facts, the researchers aimed to assess their insights towards resilience after Typhoon Rammasun9s wrath in the city. The assessment will be used by thelocal government in crafting the Local Government Unit (LGU) Climate Change Adaptation Framework. <h3>Methods</h3> Using qualitative data inquiry, the study provided valuable perceptions in a multifaceted paradigm involving resiliency of the Marikina City community during Typhoon Rammasun. These perceptions were based from their in depth interviews, selected from 16 barangays of the local government unit using purposive sampling. <h3>Result</h3> The result of the study showed synergism of different barangays and local government agencies in Marikina City in uplifting the resiliency as the focaltheme. The focal theme was reinforced by subthemes specifically: organized protocol of communications during disasters, cascading risk assessment information to the barangays, in depth discussion with the community9s grassroots regarding the impacts of climate change drivers (rainy season, increase in average temperatures, etc.), and empowerment of local officials towards climate change adaptation policies &amp; programs. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The study contributed a judicious depiction on the resilience of Marikina City in times of disaster. Moreover, it is recommended to have a proposition in the creation of a Climate Change Adaptation Framework that makes disaster risk reduction a local priority with a persuasive basis for policy and implementation. Furthermore, imbibing a philosophy of safety and resilience using awareness and education to all sectors of Marikina City will be of great help. Finally, reinforcing disaster preparedness with effective response will boost resiliency among Marikina City9s constituents.
TNFα and IFNγ Induced by Innate Anti-adenoviral Immune Responses Inhibit Adenovirus-Mediated Transgene Expression
Authors: Randall S. Sung, Lihui Qin, Jonathan S. Bromberg
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

The transient nature of adenovirus-mediated transgene expression has been attributed to adaptive immune responses to adenoviral proteins and transgene products. However, the cytokines interferon-γ (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) inhibit transgene expression from adenoviral vectors in vitro by a transcription-related mechanism, and their early induction following vector administration in vivo suggests a contribution of innate immunity in regulating transgene expression. In this study, the significance of cytokine expression and its relation to adaptive and innate immunities were determined in TNFα-knockout mice, IFNγ-knockout mice, or anti-IFNγ mAb-injected animals. Adenoviral LacZ reporter expression directed by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) promoters was greater in magnitude and duration than that by the murine CMV (MCMV) promoter. β-Galactosidase reporter gene expression up to day 7 was greater in cytokine-deficient animals compared with wild type. Decrements in transgene expression occurred in advance of adaptive immune responses and were not due to alterations in specific adaptive immunity or vector clearance in cytokine-depleted mice. We conclude that TNFα and IFNγ inhibit early adenovirus-mediated transgene expression by HCMV and MCMV promoters in vivo. Cytokine inhibition of expression is independent of adaptive immunity and is likely secondary to innate immune responses to adenovirus infection. The transient nature of adenovirus-mediated transgene expression has been attributed to adaptive immune responses to adenoviral proteins and transgene products. However, the cytokines interferon-γ (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) inhibit transgene expression from adenoviral vectors in vitro by a transcription-related mechanism, and their early induction following vector administration in vivo suggests a contribution of innate immunity in regulating transgene expression. In this study, the significance of cytokine expression and its relation to adaptive and innate immunities were determined in TNFα-knockout mice, IFNγ-knockout mice, or anti-IFNγ mAb-injected animals. Adenoviral LacZ reporter expression directed by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) promoters was greater in magnitude and duration than that by the murine CMV (MCMV) promoter. β-Galactosidase reporter gene expression up to day 7 was greater in cytokine-deficient animals compared with wild type. Decrements in transgene expression occurred in advance of adaptive immune responses and were not due to alterations in specific adaptive immunity or vector clearance in cytokine-depleted mice. We conclude that TNFα and IFNγ inhibit early adenovirus-mediated transgene expression by HCMV and MCMV promoters in vivo. Cytokine inhibition of expression is independent of adaptive immunity and is likely secondary to innate immune responses to adenovirus infection.
TR-17 * IMMUNOTARGETED-MOLECULAR-ROBOTIC-NANOSURGERY (ITMRN) ERADICATES GBM STEM-CELLS WITH RADIOFREQUENCY DIELECTRIC HEATING (RFDH) MEDIATED VIA SILVER-IMMUNONANOBOTS LINKED WITH anti-CD133 MAbs
Authors: J. Giannios
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

INTRODUCTION: GBM stem cells are resistant to conventional treatment forming recurrent-tumors via angiogenesis. Thus, they are considered primary targets for novel therapeutic strategies for GBM. METHODS: We obtain relapsed chemo-radioresistant GBM stem cells overexpressing CD133 from which we develop a GBM model that we treat with immunotargeted pegylated silver nanobots(PEG-AgNPs) which are covalently conjugated to anti-CD133 MAbs for targeting Brain-Cancer-Stem-Cells (BCSCs) after receptor-mediated-endocytosis. Then, we treat them with radiofrequency-dielectric-heating (RFDH) as a novel postsurgical-adjuvant-treatment. RESULTS: Post-treatment, the silver nanobots AgNPs release Ag+ ions which disrupt mitochondrial-respiratory-chain(MRC) blocking ATP-synthesis by production of ROS which damage the DNA of CSCs leading to cell-cycle arrest at G2/M phase and type-1 PCD of stage-D2 or apoptosis. The capacitive nonionizing radiofrequency-dielectric-heating of 13.56MHz exerts hyperthermic cytotoxicity increasing the intracellular-Temperature of BCSCs up to 50 degrees Celcius leading to the necrosis of Brain-Cancer-Stem-Cells(BCSCs). CONCLUSION: This immunotargeted molecular robotic nanosurgical approach may be used as an adjuvant treatment against GBM which is resistant to conventional chemo/radiation therapy by eradicating its cancer-stem-cells.
Hypocalcemia after an acute phosphate load is secondary to reduced calcium efflux from bone
Authors: M Kaye
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1995)

Seven patients with severe hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure, six patients with hypoparathyroidism after remote total parathyroidectomy also with chronic renal failure, and a miscellaneous group of three patients, some of whom were in the previous two groups, were studied on 24 occasions over a 6-h period. Each test consisted of a 2-h control period followed by a 4-h phosphate (Pi) infusion period. Radioactive calcium, 45Ca, had been administered the evening before. Samples were taken every 15 min throughout the 6-h study. In all tests, ionized and total calcium fell as Pi rose. Intact parathyroid hormone levels (PTH) rose, except in the hypoparathyroid patients, in whom there was no change. The decline in 45Ca activity was not affected by the Pi infusion, the fall being -0.131 +/- 0.057 cpm/min during the control period and -0.124 +/- 0.043 during the Pi infusion. There were no changes in pH, bicarbonate, electrolytes, or vitamin D metabolites during the procedure. The mean overall fall in total calcium was -0.118 mmol/mmol rise in Pi. For ionized calcium, it was -0.067 mmol/mmol Pi or 56.8% of the total calcium. This ratio was unchanged throughout the test period. With a steady flux of calcium from extracellular fluid (ECF) to bone as measured by 45Ca, the fall in ECF calcium has to be due to a decreased flux from bone to ECF. This could be produced by the reduced dissolution of a labile pool of a calcium salt such as brushite, CaHPO4.
Clinical Application of Research Findings Emphasized at AACR
Authors: L. F. Anderson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Clinical Application of Research Findings Emphasized at AACR Get access Linda F. Anderson Linda F. Anderson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 12, 19 June 1991, Pages 819–820, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.12.819 Published: 19 June 1991
FACTORES QUE INFLUYEN EN LA DETECCIÓN DE PÓLIPOS EN LA COLONOSCOPIA DE CRIBADO
Authors: E Polania, M Ponce Romero, A Peris, J Cubiella, L Bujanda, A Lanas, M Pellisé, A Herreros, A Ono, G Cacho, JC Marín-Gabriel, A Seoane, JD Morillas, JP Gisbert, E Quintero, A Castells, R Jover
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

La tasa de detección de adenomas (TDA) es el más importante indicador de calidad en la colonoscopia de cribado y se encuentra directamente relacionado con la aparición del cáncer de intervalo. La tasa de detección de pólipos (TDP) tiene una buena correlación con la TDA y puede ser también utilizada como indicador de calidad. Diversos factores pueden influir sobre la TDP y su importancia relativa aun está bajo discusión. El objetivo principal de este estudio es detectar factores que pueden influir la TDP en la colonoscopia de cribado.