tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract B48: The synthetic retinoid ST1926 as a novel therapeutic agent in rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Hussein Basma, Sandra Ghayad, Angelo Mancinelli, Claudio Pisano, Nadine Darwiche, Raya Saab
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most frequent soft tissue sarcoma in children. Despite multiple attempts at intensifying chemotherapeutic approaches to treatment, only moderate improvements in survival have been made for patients with advanced disease. Retinoic acid is a differentiation agent that has shown some anti-tumor efficacy in RMS cells in vitro, however the effects are of low magnitude. E-3-(4'-hydroxyl-3'-adamantylbiphenyl-4-yl) acrylic acid (known as ST1926) is a novel orally available synthetic atypical retinoid, shown to have more potent activity than retinoic acid in several types of cancer cells. We used in vitro and in vivo models of RMS to explore the efficacy of ST1926 as a possible therapeutic agent in this sarcoma. We found that ST1926 reduced RMS cell viability in all tested alveolar (ARMS) and embryonal (ERMS) RMS cell lines, at readily achievable in vivo micromolar concentrations. ST1926 induced an early DNA damage response, which led to increase in apoptosis, in addition to S-phase cell cycle arrest and a reduction in protein levels of the cell cycle kinase CDK1. Effects were irrespective of TP53 mutational status. Interestingly, in ARMS cells, ST1926 treatment decreased PAX3-FOXO1 fusion protein levels, and this suppression occurred at a post-transcriptional level. In vivo, ST1926 was effective in retarding the growth of ARMS and ERMS xenografts, and induced a prominent DNA damage response. We conclude that ST1926 has preclinical efficacy against RMS, and should be considered further investigated in clinical trials, possibly in combination therapy. Citation Format: Hussein Basma, Sandra Ghayad, Angelo Mancinelli, Claudio Pisano, Nadine Darwiche, Raya Saab. The synthetic retinoid ST1926 as a novel therapeutic agent in rhabdomyosarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research: From Mechanisms and Models to Treatment and Survivorship; 2015 Nov 9-12; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(5 Suppl):Abstract nr B48.
Efficacy of Amoxicillin with and without Decongestant-Antihistamine for Otitis Media with Effusion in Children
Authors: Ellen M. Mandel, Howard E. Rockette, Charles D. Bluestone, Jack L. Paradise, Robert J. Nozza
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 518 infants and children who had otitis media with effusion ("secretory" otitis media), we evaluated the efficacy of a two-week course of amoxicillin (40 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) with and without a four-week course of an oral decongestant-antihistamine combination. Among the 474 subjects who were evaluated at the four-week end point, the rate of resolution of middle-ear effusion was twice as high in those treated with amoxicillin, either with or without the decongestant-antihistamine, as in those who received placebo (P less than 0.001), but 69.8 percent of the amoxicillin-treated subjects still had effusion. Among both the amoxicillin-treated subjects and the placebo-treated subjects, resolution was more likely in those with initially unilateral effusion, in those who had had effusion for eight weeks or less, and in those without an upper respiratory tract infection at the four-week end point. Side effects were reported more often in subjects who received decongestant-antihistamine than in those who did not. Among the subjects without effusion at the four-week end point, recurrent effusion developed in approximately half those in both the amoxicillin and placebo groups during the subsequent three months. We conclude that in infants and children with otitis media with effusion, amoxicillin treatment increases to some extent the likelihood of resolution.
Case 6-1999
Authors: Paul L. Romain, H. Thomas Aretz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Presentation of CaseA 17 1/2-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of a thoracoabdominal aneurysm.The patient had been born after a normal pregnancy and delivery, and her early growth, development, and health were normal. Four years before admission, she had begun to experience ocular irritation and a decrease in hearing, which progressed over a period of one month to almost total bilateral sensorineural deafness. She was initially treated with corticosteroids administered orally, but because of abdominal discomfort, the medication was subsequently injected. The ocular symptoms improved, but her hearing did not.Seven months before admission, a thoracoabdominal . . .
Prepublication Release of<i>Journal</i>Articles
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer, Marcia Angell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

On July 8, investigators from the Mayo Clinic and Meritcare held a press conference to announce a study of two dozen patients that linked valvular heart disease to a combination of widely used diet pills, fenfluramine and phentermine (fen–phen). The press conference was covered widely by the media. It was not until August 28, more than seven weeks later, that the full report was published in the Journal. 1 A press conference to announce the results of a study that had been accepted by the Journal but not yet published was highly unusual. Within several days, we heard from physicians who . . .
The Treatment of Syphilis
Authors: Nicholas J. Fiumara
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

IT may be some grim comfort to know that infectious syphilis has increased not only in the United States but in many other countries as well. At home, reported cases of infectious syphilis reached their peak in 1947 and then began a precipitous decline, which lasted for almost a decade. Clinic and public-health physicians congratulated themselves and waited for syphilis to disappear, as smallpox had. Clinicians began to think of syphilis as an exotic disease, all but abandoned the routine use of the blood test and no longer taught courses on syphilis in the medical schools.Public-health medicine should have . . .
Wernicke's Encephalopathy
Authors: James B. Reuler, Donald E. Girard, Thomas G. Cooney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Despite its description over a century ago, Wernicke's encephalopathy continues to be underrecognized in both alcoholic and nonalcoholic populations. Recent studies suggest that Wernicke's encephalopathy is the most common neuropathological finding underlying chronic cognitive impairment in alcoholics and that its prevalence at autopsy, in both alcoholic and nonalcoholic populations, far exceeds its rate of recognition during life. Since Wernicke's encephalopathy is both treatable and preventable, and untold health care expenditures result from the disorder, familiarity with its epidemiologic and clinical features is important. In this article, the pathophysiologic, clinical, and neuropathological features of Wernicke's encephalopathy are reviewed, and principles of . . .
Cancer stem cell gene signature of ovarian tumor side populations
Authors: L. Ozbun, V. Vathipadiekal, M. E. Radonovich, C. Pise-Masison, D. Saxena, P. V. Hauschka, S. C. Mok, M. J. Birrer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

5546 Background: Recent studies support the concept that cancer as a disease is driven by a small subset of cells, cancer stem cells. These cells can initiate tumor growth and re-initiate tumor expansion after therapy. The aim of this study is to generate a cancer stem cell gene expression signature from isolated Side Populations (SP) of fresh ascites obtained from women with high-grade advanced stage papillary serous ovarian adenocarcinoma. Methods: All patient specimens were collected/studied under protocols approved by the institutional review board of the parent institution. Gene expression profiling using Affymetrix U133 2.0 Plus microarray was performed on SP and Main Populations (MP) isolated by Hoechst staining/FACS method. Paired T-test analyses (p<0.01) identified differentially expressed genes between SP and MP. The microarray data was validated using qRT-PCR. Results: 446 differentially expressed genes (138 up- and 302 down-regulated) were found between all 10 SP/MP pairs. Microarray validation on 19 randomly selected differentially regulated genes, showed 17/19 (89.5%) genes has robust correlations between microarray and qRT-PCR expression data. The gene signature was enriched for genes in GO biological processes of cell cycle, transport, apoptosis, regulation of translation/transcription, signal transduction, and cell proliferation. Further data mining for biologically relevant processes using Pathway Studio 5.0 identified overexpressed genes in SP related to functional cancer stem cell-like phenotypes of cell survival (PAWR), proliferation (EPHB), and apoptosis (AKT). WNT signaling pathway genes (FZD) were downregulated in SP, and genes implicated in normal stem cell function (NUP, ST3GAL, LTBP) were upregulated in SP. These results highlight the ‘stemness function‘ of the ovarian cancer SP gene signature. Conclusions: We generated an expression profile from SP enriched for cancer stem cells from ascites from ovarian cancer patients. The ‘stemness‘ nature of the SP gene signature was revealed by the identification of several stem cell-related genes and genes involved in the WNT -signaling pathway. These genes may be key players involved in the mechanisms controlling ovarian cancer stem cell functions, and may represent potential therapeutic targets. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Real acupuncture for hot flushes is no better than sham, study finds
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Acupuncture, performed by a practitioner of Chinese medicine, was found to be no better at reducing menopausal hot flushes than sham acupuncture, in which needles do not penetrate the skin, in a randomised controlled trial published in the Annals of Internal Medicine .1

Hot flushes and night sweats affect as many as 75% of menopausal women and can significantly affect …
A Comparison of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin with Unfractionated Heparin for Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Gérald Simonneau, Hervé Sors, Bernard Charbonnier, Yves Page, Jean-Pierre Laaban, Réza Azarian, Marcel Laurent, Jean-Lou Hirsch, Emile Ferrari, Jean-Luc Bosson, Dominique Mottier, Bertrand Beau
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Low-molecular-weight heparin appears to be at least as effective and safe as standard, unfractionated heparin for the treatment of deep-vein thrombosis, but only limited data are available on the use of low-molecular-weight heparin to treat acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism.
232TiP KEYNOTE-061: Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) versus paclitaxel as second-line therapy for advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma
Authors: A. Ohtsu, J. Tabernero, Y.-J. Bang, C.S. Fuchs, L. Sun, Z. Wang, I. Csiki, M. Koshiji, E. Van Cutsem
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Differential Deactivation of Human Dendritic Cells by Endotoxin Desensitization: Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Prostaglandin E2
Authors: Claudia Rieser, Christine Papesh, Manfred Herold, Günther Böck, Reinhold Ramoner, Helmut Klocker, Georg Bartsch, Martin Thurnher
Journal: Blood (1998)
Observations in a Control Group of Patients in Psychosomatic Investigation
Authors: Solomon Papper, Juanita Handy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

OVER a year ago we began a study concerning hyperthyroidism that included some inquiry into the sociologic and emotional characteristics of patients with this disorder. To provide a group for purposes of comparison — in effect a "control" group — we selected patients with infectious hepatitis for the following reasons: this is a disease of probable viral etiology, certainly not generally placed in the category of the "psychosomatic" illnesses; it occurs most commonly in young adults and is associated with a period of hospitalization comparable to that of our patients with hyperthyroidism; and infectious hepatitis is a disease bearing a . . .
Enterotoxigenic<i>Escherichia-coli</i>-Associated Diarrheal Disease in Apache Children
Authors: R. Bradley Sack, Norbert Hirschhorn, Inez Brownlee, Richard A. Cash, William E. Woodward, David A. Sack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

A search for intestinal enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was made in 59 Apache children hospitalized with 64 episodes of acute diarrhea. Esch. coli isolates from acute-phase and convalescent-phase specimens of small-bowel fluid and stool were tested in three currently recognized models: the adult-rabbit ileal loop; infant rabbit; and the adrenal-cell assay. Enterotoxigenic strains were isolated from 10 children during acute diarrheal episodes (16 per cent); none were isolated from convalescent-phase specimens. None of 64 "enteropathogenic" serotypes of Esch. coli from 43 children with diarrhea, however, caused fluid production in the ileal-loop model. These results suggest that enterotoxigenic Esch. coli may be the cause of considerable diarrhea in this population and that the term "enteropathogenic" as applied to serotypes of Esch. coli needs to be redefined.
Case 30-2005
Authors: Jane E. Koehler, Lyn M. Duncan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A 56-year-old renal-transplant recipient presented with fever and axillary lymphadenopathy. There was no recent travel or exposure to ill persons. Examination disclosed a skin nodule on the dorsum of his hand and a tender mass of lymph nodes in the ipsilateral axilla. Clarithromycin was prescribed; within a day, the temperature rose to 39.4°C, with shaking chills.
Chronic crisis patients: a discrete clinical group
Authors: E Bassuk, S Gerson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

Patients who made repeated visits to a psychiatric emergency ward and who were studied appeared to comprise a discrete clinical group characterized by a distinct symptom profile, common psychiatric history, and similar styles of interacting with caretakers. They generally did not differ from nonrepeater patients with regard to acute symptomatology but were hospitalized more frequently. They were generally negativistic, had a lengthy psychiatric history consisting of multiple inpatient hospitalizations and current outpatient treatments, and had difficulty establishing rapport with the emergency ward therapists, often evoking intense feelings of dislike. The authors offer an approach to the management of these patients based on an understanding of their cycle of seeking and rejecting help.
Biopsy of the Kidney in the Diagnosis and Management of Renal Disease
Authors: Robert C. Muehrcke, Robert M. Kark, Conrad L. Pirani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE difficulty in making an exact diagnosis of renal disease during life has been pointed out by many clinicians. In the words of the late Dr. Henry A. Christian, "It is not possible to diagnose accurately during life the anatomical changes that will be found in the kidney after death." This clinical failing has been a problem since the days of Richard Bright, for percutaneous biopsy of the kidney has always been considered to be too dangerous. As far as we know, Jungmann1 was the first clinician to report an exact pathological diagnosis on kidney tissue taken by biopsy during . . .
Eye tracking to improve electronic communications with oncology practitioners
Authors: R. Schumacher, A. Stephenson, C. Gaddy, A. Bojko, B. Khoo, C. Moore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

6119 Background: Because so many oncology practitioners rely on the ASCO Web site for important information, it has to be effective and easy to use. To enhance the ASCO site, eye tracking technology has been effectively employed to supplement traditional usability testing data. Methods: Eye tracking was conducted with participants of the 2003 and 2004 ASCO Annual Meetings within the context of usability testing for ASCO-related sites and applications. The eye tracking data collection procedure focused on www.asco.org and consisted of a pre-briefing, calibration of participants, specific self-paced tasks, and debriefing. Equipment used included the Tobii 1750 remote eye tracking system, a 17“ monitor, laptop, keyboard and mouse, and data analysis software. Data were analyzed using heat maps, scan paths, and other novel techniques. Results: Eye tracking was administered with twenty (20) subjects. The stimuli were seven representative tasks that members completed on the site. Examples of specific eye tracking measures employed included fixation (defined as a 50–200 ms stable eye position) and scan paths (a series of fixations and their transitions across the stimulus). Heat maps (visual summaries of data from all participants) were produced for each task and indicated aggregate scan paths as well as areas of fixation and clicking. Based on analysis of these data, suggestions for improvement were offered. For example, menu structure analysis showed that while subjects attended to the proper item (e.g., “Virtual Meeting“) they failed to select it; therefore, recommendations were made to change the wording to better match the subjects’ knowledge. Conclusions: Eye tracking results are being used to improve content placement on the site, so that practitioners can find the right information more efficiently. Eye tracking offered precise insight into the users’ visual behavior; thereby determining which areas of the site needed improvement. In combination with task success rates and other data, eye tracking data provided a means of establishing that essential content would reach the professionals who needed it most. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Case 31-1997
Authors: Richard M. Stone, Eugene J. Mark, Judith A. Ferry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Presentation of CaseA 67-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of fever and dyspnea.The patient had a long history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic renal failure, and coronary artery disease, culminating in the transplantation of a cadaveric kidney five months before admission. Microscopical examination of the excised kidney showed end-stage disease consistent with diabetic nephropathy. The hematocrit was 30.2 percent, the white-cell count was 17,900 per cubic millimeter, the platelet count was 203,000 per cubic millimeter, and the mean corpuscular volume was 90 μm3. The vitamin B12 level was at the low end of . . .
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria with Onset in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Russell E. Ware, Sharon E. Hall, Wendell F. Rosse
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired clonal hematologic disorder characterized by hemoglobinuria, thrombosis, infection, and a tendency toward bone marrow aplasia. Onset usually occurs in adulthood. Few children and adolescents with PNH have been described, and data on diagnosis, clinical course, and survival in young patients are unavailable.
Continuous Subcutaneous Administration of Deferoxamine in Patients with Iron Overload
Authors: Richard D. Propper, Barry Cooper, Robert R. Rufo, Arthur W. Nienhuis, W. French Anderson, H. Franklin Bunn, Amnon Rosenthal, David G. Nathan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Since deferoxamine B, when administered as a single daily intramuscular injection of 0.75 g, is unable to promote sufficient urinary iron excretion to achieve net negative iron balance in siderosis, we evaluated its administration as a constant infusion over 24 hours. We compared intravenous and subcutaneous routes in 24 siderotic patients who had excreted 420 to 630 mg (mean, 480 mg) of iron per month on intramuscular therapy. With the intravenous route urinary iron excretions increased to 570 to 3690 mg (mean, 1595 mg) per month. Constant subcutaneous delivery was 90 per cent as effective as intravenous administration on a dose-for-dose basis. Noteworthy net cumulative urinary iron excretions (urinary iron excretions minus transfused iron), often in excess of 1 g per month, have been maintained in all patients. Constant subcutaneous deferoxamine administration may prove to be an effective and practical means of eliminating large quantities of iron in siderosis.
The Risk of Gastric Carcinoma after Surgical Treatment for Benign Ulcer Disease
Authors: Larry W. Schafer, David E. Larson, L. Joseph Melton, John A. Higgins, Duane M. Ilstrup
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

To determine the long-term risk of gastric cancer in benign peptic-ulcer disease, we studied 338 residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, who had surgical treatment for benign peptic-ulcer disease in the 25-year period 1935-1959 and had no evidence of gastric cancer for five years after that surgery. These patients were subsequently followed for over 5635 person-years of observation. The risk of development of a gastric cancer in this group was compared with that expected on the basis of gastric-cancer incidence rates for the local population. Carcinomas in the gastric remnant developed in only two of these patients, as compared with an expected 2.6 primary gastric carcinomas (relative risk, 0.8 [95 per cent confidence interval, 0.1 to 2.7]). We conclude that there is no indication for endoscopic surveillance in asymptomatic patients with previous gastric surgery for benign peptic-ulcer disease.
Anti-IgA Antibodies in Pregnancy
Authors: Ross E. Petty, David D. Sherry, Joanne Johannson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

A survey of 28,000 pregnant women revealed an incidence of IgA deficiency (serum IgA <1 mg per deciliter) of 1 in 450, which is identical to that in a normal blood-donor population of both sexes. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a study of 61 serum samples from IgA-deficient pregnant women, we observed antibodies to IgA2 alone in 20 per cent, as compared with 7.5 per cent of pregnant women not deficient in IgA and no IgA-deficient blood donors. Antibodies reacting with IgA1 alone were present in occasional serum samples (2 to 7 per cent) from all groups studied, and class-specific anti-IgA antibodies were present in 17 per cent of IgA-deficient blood donors and in 16 per cent of IgA-deficient pregnant women. Blocking experiments showed that some serum samples contained an antibody that reacted with both IgA1 and IgA2, whereas others contained two antibodies, one reacting with IgA1 and the other with IgA2. The anti-IgA2 antibodies tended to diminish in titer after delivery. The ELISA was, as expected, more sensitive than the hemagglutination assay. The offspring of IgA-deficient mothers (but not of IgA-deficient fathers) had levels of serum IgA below the normal mean (21 of 27); 12 had levels more than 1 S.D., and seven had levels more than 2 S.D., below the normal mean. Of the seven infants with serum IgA levels more than 2 S.D. below the normal age-related mean, five had mothers with anti-IgA antibodies during gestation. It is possible that maternal anti-IgA exerts a transplacental effect on the fetal immune system, causing IgA deficiency in some instances. (N Engl J Med 1985; 313:1620–5.)