tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NC-05 * ASSOCIATION OF NEUROCOGNITIVE AND PATIENT REPORTED OUTCOMES WITH THE PRESENCE OF RESIDUAL DISEASE FOLLOWING SURGICAL RESECTION IN GLIOBLASTOMA (GBM)
Authors: W. A. Hall, S. L. Pugh, J. S. Wefel, T. S. Armstrong, M. R. Gilbert, D. G. Brachman, M. Werner-Wasik, M. Wendland, P. D. Brown, S. T. Chao, K. Roof, H. I. Robins, W. J. Curran, M. Mehta
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: It is hypothesized that subtotal resection (STR) is associated with worse neurocognitive function (NCF) and patient-reported outcomes (PRO) in patients with glioblastoma treated with concurrent temozolomide and radiation therapy followed by adjuvant temozolomide. METHODS: NCF [Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R), Trail Making Test (TMT), and Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA)] and PRO [select components of the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Brain Tumor questionnaire (MDASI-BT), and the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30/BN20 (EORTC-QLQ)] data from RTOG 0525 and the control arm of 0825 were analyzed. Changes in NCF and PRO measures from baseline to prespecified times were examined by Wilcoxon test, and mixed effects longitudinal modeling, to assess differences between STR and gross total resection (GTR). RESULTS: 427 eligible patients were analyzed with STR identified in 37%. STR patients were less likely to have a KPS of 90-100%; there were no other differences in clinical characteristics. At baseline, patients with STR had worse NCF [HVLT-R Total Recall (p = 0.0043), COWA (p = 0.0072)]; worse MDASI-BT Cognitive Factor ratings (p = 0.006); and worse EORTC-QLQ Cognitive Function scale ratings (p = 0.001). Change in test scores from baseline to 6 and 22 weeks was compared for GTR vs. STR and no difference in the magnitude of change was detected. Longitudinal multivariate analysis demonstrated STR was associated with worse NCF [HVLT-R Total Recall (p = 0.001), Delayed Recall (p = 0.011), TMT Part A (p = 0.010), and COWA (p = 0.001)]. CONCLUSIONS: STR patients had worse objective NCF and subjective cognitive complaints before therapy. During adjuvant therapy, patients with STR had worse objective NCF. No difference in select PROs was found among GTR and STR patients.
Mutagens From Heated Chinese and U.S. Cooking Oils
Authors: P. G. Shields, G. X. Xu, W. J. Blot, J. F. Fraumeni, G. E. Trivers, E. D. Pellizzari, Y. H. Qu, Y. T. Gao, C. C. Harris
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

The lung cancer incidence in Chinese women is among the highest in the world, but tobacco smoking accounts for only a minority of the cancers. Epidemiologic investigations of lung cancer among Chinese women have implicated exposure to indoor air pollution from wok cooking, where the volatile emissions from unrefined cooking oils are mutagenic.This study was conducted to identify and quantify the potentially mutagenic substances emitted from a variety of cooking oils heated to the temperatures typically used in wok cooking.Several cooking oils and fatty acids were heated in a wok to boiling, at temperatures (for the cooking oils) that ranged from 240 degrees C to 280 degrees C (typical cooking temperatures in Shanghai, China). The oils tested were unrefined Chinese rapeseed, refined U.S. rapeseed (known as canola), Chinese soybean, and Chinese peanut in addition to linolenic, linoleic, and erucic fatty acids. Condensates of the emissions were collected and tested in the Salmonella mutation assay (using Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98 and TA104). Volatile decomposition products also were subjected to gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. Aldehydes were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography and UV spectroscopy.1,3-Butadiene, benzene, acrolein, formaldehyde, and other related compounds were qualitatively and quantitatively detected, with emissions tending to be highest for unrefined Chinese rapeseed oil and lowest for peanut oil. The emission of 1,3-butadiene and benzene was approximately 22-fold and 12-fold higher, respectively, from heated unrefined Chinese rapeseed oil than from heated peanut oil. Lowering the cooking temperatures or adding an antioxidant, such as butylated hydroxyanisole, before cooking decreased the amount of these volatile emissions. Among the individual fatty acids tested, heated linolenic acid produced the greatest quantities of 1,3-butadiene, benzene, and acrolein. Separately, the mutagenicity of individual volatile emission condensates was correlated with linolenic acid content (r = .83; P = .0004). Condensates from heated linolenic acid, but not linoleic or erucic acid, were highly mutagenic.These studies, combined with experimental and epidemiologic findings, suggest that high-temperature wok cooking with unrefined Chinese rapeseed oil may increase lung cancer risk. This study indicates methods that may reduce that risk.The common use of wok cooking in China might be an important but controllable risk factor in the etiology of lung cancer. In the United States, where cooking oils are usually refined for purity, additional studies should be conducted to further quantify the potential risks of such methods of cooking.
MEJORAR LA CALIDAD DE LA LIMPIEZA DEL COLON Y LA SATISFACCIÓN DEL PACIENTE UTLIZANDO UNA APLICACIÓN PARA TELÉFONOS MÓVILES
Authors: V Lorenzo-Zúñiga, V Moreno De Vega, M Barberá, J Boix
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Introducción: La información recibida es crucial para obtener una limpieza colónica satisfactoria. Las aplicaciones para teléfonos inteligentes (ATI) son muy útiles en la interacción médico-paciente.
A2.36 Genetic variability and gout
Authors: M Pálinkás, R Rásonyi, C Kiss, P Juhász, J Donáth, I Mikó, L Szekeres, A Tordai, H Andrikovics, E Szabó, G Várady, B Sarkadi, G Poór
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Several recent studies highlighted the importance of special gene loci related to gout and hyperuricaemia. However, it is remarkable that only a minor fraction of hyperuricemic population produces the symptoms of gout. Discussing the pathomechnism of gouty inflammation a potential autoinflammatory explanation has emerged recently. Induced by MSU crystals, the pathologic activity of a multi-protein complex (NLRP3 inflammasome) might be responsible for the increased activation of interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), a cytokine playing a central role in inflamation. Toll-like receptors (TLR2–4) have also been studied for the stepped-up production of pre- IL-1β, the pre form of the active metabolit. Human erythrocytes express numerous membrane proteins, several of them already identified as homologue proteins to those with specific function in other tissue, such as urate transporters. Our objective was to verify genetical variations, single nucleotid polymorphisms (SNP) leading to hyperuricemia and gout. We also analysed these gene loci coded proteins linked to elevated urate level, using a unique technique (EryTest) based on the presence of special membrane proteins on human erythrocytes. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> We studied the results of three groups. Patients with gout, control patients with hyperuricemia but with no arthritic event and patients with normal serum uric acid level. Specific monoclonal antibodies and IgG control were used for quantitative flow cytometry to determine proteins. Polymorphism specific and control primers were used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detecting SNPs. <h3>Results</h3> Increased level of CARD8 polymorphism was found in the gout group compared to the two control groups. Decreased ABCG2 protein expression was detected in heterozygous individuals in gouty and hyperuricemic groups compared to normouricemic controls. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We presume that depending on complex genetic and environmental factors, patients with CARD8 polymorphisms may have increased inflammatory response and those with decreased ABCG2 protein expression may have higher serum urate levels. From the clinical introduction of EryTest, a simple and rapid clinical method in the evaluation of hyperuricemia is expected. To confirm recent results of genetic variability and the clinical use of EryTest, further investigation is planned.
Donald Campbell McNutt
Authors: Rosalind Reid
Journal: BMJ (2016)

After completing house jobs Donald Campbell McNutt joined the Royal Navy for his national service and obtained a permanent commission in 1954. He enjoyed flying and completed observer training and trained as a ship’s diver.

In 1955 he served at the Royal Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine, Farnborough, where he took part in underwater escape experiments and worked on survival techniques involving ejector seats, for which he was awarded …
Cognitive function and fatigue in cancer patients after chemotherapy: A longitudinal cohort study in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC)
Authors: J. L. Vardy, S. Rourke, G. R. Pond, J. Galica, A. Park, H. Dhillon, S. J. Clarke, I. F. Tannock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

9099 Background: There is growing evidence that fatigue and cognitive dysfunction can affect cancer survivors. Here we evaluated these symptoms in patients with CRC in a longitudinal prospective study. Methods: Patients with localized CRC were evaluated for cognitive function and fatigue at baseline (mean 8 weeks post-surgery or before neoadjuvant therapy), 6 &amp; 12 months. Group A (Stage III/high risk II) received chemotherapy (CT) and group B (Stage I/II) received no CT. Pts had neuropsychological (NP) assessment with traditional tests and CANTAB, a computerized NP battery. They completed concurrent questionnaires for fatigue &amp; QOL (FACT-F), anxiety/depression (GHQ), and perception of cognitive function (FACT-COG). Blood tests evaluated cytokine levels, blood clotting factors, sex hormones and apolipoprotein genotyping as potential causal factors. Primary endpoints were cognitive function (traditional NP tests) and fatigue. Associations between test results, demographic and disease-related factors were sought. Results: Baseline data are available for 182 pts: 127 group A, and 55 group B, with follow-up at 6 and 12 months for 71 and 39 pts. Mean age was 57 years and 62% were male. At baseline (pre CT): 30% had cognitive impairment on traditional NP tests &amp; 20% on CANTAB; 25% reported moderate fatigue and 10% extreme fatigue. At 6 months there was no significant difference on objective NP testing between the groups or in perceived cognitive impairment (median FACT- COG 82 vs 88, p=0.34). CT pts had more fatigue (median FACT-F 75 vs 91, p&lt;0.001). At 12 months CT pts tend to have more cognitive impairment on traditional NP tests (26% vs 0%, p=.09), more perceived cognitive impairment (13.5% vs 0%, p=.57) &amp; greater fatigue (16% vs 0%). Cytokine levels were elevated in all groups at all time points compared to healthy volunteers. There was a trend to higher cytokine levels with greater fatigue and worse cognitive impairment. Fatigue, QOL and anxiety and depression were highly correlated. Conclusions: Cognitive impairment is present in some pts prior to CT and there is a trend for CT pts to have worse cognitive impairment at 12 but not at 6 months. Fatigue is associated with CT. Cytokine levels remained elevated in all groups compared to healthy volunteers. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
P105 Safety, Feasibility And Quality Of Sputum Induction In Preschool Children With Obstructive Airways Disease
Authors: K. Robson, P. Nagakumar, N. Collins, J. Davies, L. Fleming, I. Balfour-Lynn, M. Rosenthal, C. Hogg, A. Jochmann, A. Bush, S. Saglani
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Airway infection and inflammation in infancy and preschool years contribute to the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis (CF), severe wheezing and recurrent cough. However, the use of sputum induction (SI) to guide management in preschool children with obstructive airways disease remains under-explored. We hypothesised that SI can be performed safely in preschool children with obstructive airways disease, and that samples of sufficient quality to assess infection and inflammation can be obtained. <h3>Methods</h3> SI was performed using nebulised hypertonic saline, 3.5% if there was a history of wheeze or 7% if the child had no wheeze or a diagnosis of CF. The procedure was undertaken for 15 min and safety was assessed using pulse-oximetry and auscultation. Physiotherapy, followed by a cough/oropharyngeal swab (CS), and oropharyngeal suction (OS) were undertaken to obtain samples. All samples were analysed for bacterial culture and viral PCR, a sub-set were processed for cytology. <h3>Results</h3> 35 children (16 males), median age 32 months (range 7–70 months) were included. 32/35 (91%) completed the procedure. The remaining three did not complete nebulisation as they became too upset, but underwent sample collection. None of the patients had any drop in oxygen saturation or increased respiratory symptoms. 16/35 (46%) patients had positive pathogen identification (22 separate bacterial or viral isolates) from SI samples obtained by OS. Only 3/35 (9%) positive isolates were identified from CS. 29/35 samples were able to be processed for cytology (see Table 1) <h3>Conclusions</h3> Performance of SI was safe, feasible and well tolerated by preschool children with a range of obstructive airways diseases. Pathogen identification was significantly higher in samples obtained by OS compared to CS. Samples were of sufficient quality for cytological analysis in approximately half the patients. Future work will determine the clinical utility of SI as a non-invasive sample to guide therapy in preschool obstructive airways disease.
Trans-gastric pancreatic necrosectomy via fully covered esophageal stent placed by a novel rendezvous technique: A never before described technique
Authors: N Sonpal, P Saitta, GB Haber
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Patients with acute pancreatitis can develop necrosis and the removal of dead tissue is critical. Typically this debridement is done surgically but it can also be accomplished by EUS-guided endoscopic trans-gastric-necrosectomy (EUS-ETGN). A 53-year-old male developed acute pancreatitis secondary to alcohol consumption. A repeat CT scan at 6 weeks revealed persistent pancreatic necrosis and he continued to have bacteremia. The patient was referred for endoscopic debridement. A linear-echo-endoscope revealed a large hypoechoic collection with mixed echogenicity. The collection was accessed using a 19-gauge needle. A 0.035 guidewire was advanced into the cavity under fluoroscopic guidance and the wire coiled inside what appeared to be a mature cavity. Contrast was injected into the cavity further confirming correct placement of the wire in the cavity of necrosis. The fistula tract was dilated from 6 mm to 12 mm using a through-the-scope balloon and a large release of purulent material confirmed placement. However due to the acute angulation of the gastro-peritoneal fistula, endoscopic access to the necrotic area was not possible. At this time two 10 fr × 5 cm double pig-tail stents were placed. Then during a second procedure a? novel access approach was employed. A guidewire was introduced into the fistula tract and advanced into the necrotic cavity. A mini-snare was then advanced through the external drain into the cavity of necrosis. Then using a tandem cannulation catheter the wire was advanced into the snare. This rendezvous technique was then successfully used to carry the wire out through the external drain, and with traction on the wire, we were successfully able to deploy an 18 mm × 6 cm fully covered stent through the cystgastrostomy tract under direct endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance. This facilitated access to the cavity allowing for subsequent debridement of necrosis. After complete debridement of the cavity, the covered stent was removed and again two pigtail stents were left in its place. EUS-ETGN of in? fected necrosis in acute pancreatitis appears to be safe treatment option. This novel technique describes how access to the retroperitoneum can be accomplished in the face of difficulty angulation and orientation.
Insulin Resistance and a Long, Strange Trip
Authors: Clay F. Semenkovich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

“What a long, strange trip it’s been” is how the late Jerry Garcia and the Grateful Dead reflected on the ups and downs of life in a famous song. Clinicians might use the same phrase to describe the search for ways to treat insulin resistance, which is very common.Insulin binds to its receptor to activate intracellular signaling that regulates nutrient metabolism, growth, fluid homeostasis, blood-vessel tone, and other functions. When confronted with excess adiposity, cells dampen insulin-receptor signaling to resist the effects of insulin. This impaired signaling elevates lipids through a lack of suppression of fatty acid release by . . .
Autumn books: Medical Blunders. Amazing True Stories of Mad, Bad and Dangerous Doctors
Authors: D J. Doyle
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Robert M Youngson, Ian Schott Robinson, £6.99, pp 407 ISBN 1–35487-259-1

The result of a collaboration between a physician and a journalist, this book claims to be “the definitive account of virtually every medical mishap and scandal of modern and not so modern times.” Many readers seeking to learn about the darker side of recent medical history will be enthralled with the volume, which presents an exposition of a large number of clinical topics.

These include the rise …
Abstract 4623: Human anti-nucleolin antibodies with broad spectrum anticancer activity
Authors: Daniel J. Fernandes, Yoko Otake, Robert L. Capizzi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Extensive preclinical studies have validated nucleolin as a new therapeutic target in oncology. Confocal microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and cell fractionation studies have shown that this protein is highly overexpressed in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of a wide variety of human hematological and solid tumor cells, but is usually undetectable on the cell surface or in the cytoplasm of the corresponding normal cells. We have utilized our licensed platform technology to generate a first-in-class panel of eight fully human monoclonal IgG1 antibodies (HuMAbs). These antibodies bind specifically to nucleolin on the tumor cell surface, which in turn elicits potent cytotoxicity to a variety of human tumor cell lines. One such example is CP101, which killed MV4-11 (AML), MCF-7 (breast), DU145 (prostate), PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 (pancreas) tumor cell lines with IC50 values ranging from (0.5-2.0 µg/ml; 3-12 nM) following exposure to the HuMAb for 96 hrs. These in vitro assays were performed in the absence of human complement and immune effector cells required for complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (CDCC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), respectively. These results are consistent with published observations that anti-nucleolin HuMAbs can exploit the known shuttling function of cell surface nucleolin to gain intracellular access and induce direct tumor cytotoxicity. In contrast to its cytocidal effects on tumor cells, CP101 had no effect on the viability of either MCF-10A normal human breast epithelial cells or normal human CD19+ B cells, neither of which expresses nucleolin on the cell surface. In summary, the results suggest that anti-nucleolin HuMAbs are unique in that they can exert broad spectrum antitumor activity independently of the immune mechanism of CDCC and ADCC, while having no detectable effects on the viability of the corresponding normal cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4623. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4623
THU0229 Association of Radiographic Damage with Physical Function in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis – Results from the RAPID1 Trial
Authors: A.M. Gherghe, S. Ramiro, R. Landewé, C. Mihai, D. van der Heijde
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), joint damage can determine irreversible physical disability. The different types of joint structures affected can be evaluated separately on radiographs as erosions (E), joint space narrowing (JSN) or (sub)luxation (SLUX). <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate longitudinally the separate effects of E (reflecting bone damage), JSN (cartilage loss) and SLUX (soft tissue damage) in four different joint groups (PIPs, MCPs, wrist, MTPs) on physical disability in patients with RA. <h3>Methods</h3> 3-year follow-up data from the Rheumatoid Arthritis PreventIon of structural Damage 1 (RAPID1) trial were used (1). RAPID1 was a randomised controlled trial comparing 2 dosages of certolizumab (CZP) plus methotrexate (MTX) vs. MTX in patients with RA. Physical function was measured by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score at each visit. Radiographic damage was measured by the van der Heijde-modified Sharp score (SvdH) on radiographs of hands and feet obtained every 6 months in the first 2 years and at year 3. Separate scores for E, JSN and SLUX were available, allowing comparisons between all 3 components of the SvdH. Generalised Estimating Equations analyses were performed to assess the relationship between the HAQ and E, JSN and SLUX scores, separately and in all joint groups. <h3>Results</h3> In separate models for each type of damage and after adjusting for age, gender, baseline disease activity and treatment group, E and JSN were more strongly associated with HAQ than SLUX (table 1). In combined models, JSN was the most important predictor of HAQ (β 0.003, 95% CI 0.002-0.005) when all joints were included together (table 2). When separate joint groups were analyzed, erosions in the wrist were the most important predictor of function (β 0.007, 95%CI 0.004-0.011). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study is demonstrating that among RA-related joint damage, as reflected by radiographic changes, cartilage loss quantified by JSN is the most important predictor of physical disability. However, when analyzing joint groups separately, erosions in the wrist are the most important predictor of function loss. <h3>References</h3> Keystone E et al. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Nov;58(11):3319-29 <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> AMG was supported by a EULAR scientific training bursary for 6 months and by an educational grant from UCB. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> : None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1798
LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE LIGATION AND ABLATION FOR PERSISTENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (LAALA-AF REGISTRY)
Authors: Dhanunjaya R. Lakkireddy, Madhu Reddy, Arun Raghav Mahankali Sridhar, Jayasree Pillarisetti, Ryan Maybrook, Arun Kanmanthareddy, Matthew Earnest, Vijay Swarup, Donita Atkins, Sudharani Bommana, Jayant Nath, Ryan Ferrell, Buddhadeb Dawn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)