tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management of<i>EGFR</i>Mutation–Positive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Rogerio A. Lilenbaum, Leora A. Horn
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2016)

For appropriate treatment selection, the updated NCCN Guidelines for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) recommend broad molecular profiling for all patients with nonsquamous disease. Three different tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are recommended as first-line treatment of EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC: gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib. Most patients whose disease responds will still experience progression, and the type of disease progression drives management. Systemic progression requires switching TKI treatment, whereas patients with oligoprogression and central nervous system progression may have their new lesions treated but continue on their TKI. A new third-generation TKI has been approved and others are currently under development, and new combinations of these drugs with a VEGFR inhibitor offer promise to improve outcomes.
Learning as a Process of Selection and Amplification
Authors: J Z Young
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1979)

These are only a few examples of how learning occurs during development by a process of sculpturing, selecting among the possible variations, combinations and sequences of actions. This is how we build up what may be called programs in the brain (Young 1978). The physiologist will say that these are only, as it were, metaphorical statements, not detailed descriptions of known brain actions. ‘The programmes of elaborate sequences of movement, built up over the course of many years, are not yet on the agenda of practical neurophysiology’ (Phillips &amp; Porter 1978, p 333). Perhaps this statement may prove to be over-pessimistic, as I am sure the authors would hope. Studies of learning, of which I have tried to give a small sample, do begin to show us how programs are assembled by selecting from the vast number of possibilities that are available and then increasing the reliability of the chosen actions. It is particularly pleasing to find that we can begin to understand the various principles that are involved. In Aplysia we see something of them due to the cellular changes. In Octopus we see how learning involves different pieces of neuronal machinery. One serves to distribute signals to allow access to the full repertoire of possibilities. Another part distributes and balances rewards and penalties. In a third the actual learning change occurs and the many minute cells suggest that we may look for the origin of learning among reciprocal reflexes. In the vertebrate brain we see the multiplication of neuronal patterns and centres greatly increased. We get glimpses of how various parts of the brain cooperate in building and executing the programs. Learning involves many parts of the brain, each contributing in a different way. The cerebellum perhaps provides the repertoire of small variations in muscular contraction out of which those are selected that perform the acts that prove necessary. Perhaps the motivations to do these correctly come partly from the aminergic pathways such as those of the locus ceruleus, while the hippocampus provides the power to seek to make new ones. And of course the cerebral cortex and its attendant input and output centres provides the biggest repertoire of all, selection among whose modules has allowed us to build and use a program that studies itself. Surely John Hughlings Jackson would have rejoiced that there has been some advance in understanding of the ‘Relations of Different Divisions of the Central Nervous System to One Another and to Parts of the Body’, which was the title of the first Hughlings Jackson lecture, which he himself gave in 1897.
Therapy for Chlorine Gas Inhalation
Authors: J T NOE
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract IA15: Functional diversity of the pancreas tumor stroma
Authors: Valerie S. LeBleu, Berna C. Özdemir, Tsvetelina Pentcheva-Hoang, Julienne L. Carstens, Xiaofeng Zheng, Chin-Chia Wu, Tyler Simpson, Hanane Laklai, Hikaru Sugimoto, Christoph Kahlert, Sergey V. Novitskiy, Ana DeJesus Acosta, Padmanee Sharma, Pedram Heidari, Umar Mahmood, Lynda Chin, Harold Moses, Valerie Weaver, Anirban Maitra, James P. Allison, Raghu Kalluri
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract The desmoplastic reaction in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is composed of functionally diverse cellular components embedded in a complex and dynamic fibrotic matrix. In this context, the marked accumulation of stromal myofibroblasts has long been associated with pro-tumorigenic functions, by enhancing tumor cell growth, and limiting immune infiltration and chemotherapeutic drug delivery. Testing of some of these concepts in the clinical care of PDAC patients was however met with paradoxical results. Precise functional auditing of the stromal fibroblasts using genetic targeting in genetically engineered mouse models of PDAC depicted a more complex picture, wherein myofibroblast emerged in this context as tumor-limiting stromal cells. Depletion of the stromal fibroblasts in the early and late stages of PDAC in mice led to more invasive tumors with a negative impact on overall survival, and failed to improve response to Gemcitabine therapy. While our result indicated that suppression of the desmoplastic reaction was associated with decreased tumor angiogenesis, increased intratumoral hypoxia, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of cancer cells with heightened tumorigenicity, our study also informed on the immunomodulatory functions of myofibroblasts in murine PDAC. Depletion of myofibroblasts supported an enhanced response to anti-CTLA4 checkpoint blockade therapy with prolonged survival of mice. Citation Format: Valerie S. LeBleu, Berna C. Özdemir, Tsvetelina Pentcheva-Hoang, Julienne L. Carstens, Xiaofeng Zheng, Chin-Chia Wu, Tyler Simpson, Hanane Laklai, Hikaru Sugimoto, Christoph Kahlert, Sergey V. Novitskiy, Ana DeJesus Acosta, Padmanee Sharma, Pedram Heidari, Umar Mahmood, Lynda Chin, Harold Moses, Valerie Weaver, Anirban Maitra, James P. Allison and Raghu Kalluri. Functional diversity of the pancreas tumor stroma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2015 Oct 23-26; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA15.
Clonidine in neuroleptic-induced akathisia
Authors: L A Adler, B Angrist, E Peselow, J Reitano, J Rotrosen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

Six hospitalized patients with neuroleptic-induced akathisia were treated with clonidine under single-blind conditions. Akathisia and anxiety at maximum clonidine dose were significantly lower than at baseline, although it was difficult to differentiate specific therapeutic effects from sedation.
Endoscopic removal of buried lumen-apposing metal stents used for cystogastrostomy and cholecystogastrostomy
Authors: Tom Seerden, Frank Vleggaar
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

The Hot AXIOS system is a new device for transgastric or transduodenal endoscopic drainage of a pancreatic pseudocyst or the gallbladder [1] [2] using a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) mounted on an electrocautery-enhanced introduction system. The device seems to be relatively safe in expert hands; however, the literature on management of its complications is limited [1] [2] [3] [4]. Hereby, we report on two patients with embedded LAMSs, which were endoscopically removed.
Cognitive Enhancement in Healthy Children Will Not Close the Achievement Gap in Education
Authors: Sebastian Sattler, Ilina Singh
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2016)

If the 62 world's richest people own as much as the half of the global poorest (Hardoon, Fuentes-Nieva and Ayele 2016), this is more than worrying and socially unacceptable, especially given that m...
Unlinked anonymous testing to estimate HIV prevalence among pregnant women in Catalonia, Spain, 1994 to 2009
Authors: D Carnicer-Pont, J Almeda, J Luis Marin, C Martinez, M V Gonzalez-Soler, A Montoliu, R Muñoz, J Casabona, Collective the HIV NADO working group
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

This paper estimates the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in women giving birth and women voluntarily terminating pregnancy over a period of sixteen years in Catalonia. Samples for HIV antibody detection were collected from the Neonatal Early Detection Programme for congenital metabolic diseases that covers 99% of infants born in Catalonia. The sampling method collected information of 50% of births every year and of all women attending three clinics for voluntary interruption of pregnancy. Using two sequential immunoassays we analysed unlinked anonymous blood spot samples from 549,689 newborns between 1994 and 2009 and from 31,904 women who voluntarily interrupted pregnancy between 1999 and 2006. HIV prevalence among women giving birth decreased from 3.2 per 1,000 in 1994 to 1.7 per 1,000 in 2009 (p<0.01) and the mean age of infected mothers increased from 26 years in 1994 to 32 years in 2009 (p=0.001). A decrease in HIV prevalence was also observed in women voluntarily terminating pregnancy, from 2.3 per 1,000 in 1999 to 1.0 per 1,000 in 2006 (p<0.01). In contrast, estimated HIV prevalence in mothers born outside Spain increased from 2.2 per 1,000 in 2002 to 3 per 1,000 in 2009 (p<0.01) and their average age increased from 27 years in 2003 to 31 years in 2009 (p<0.01).
Abstract 15221: Protease Activated Receptor-4 Induces Expression of More Platelet-Derived Factor V and Factor VIII than Protease Activated Receptor-1 Leading to Enhanced Thrombin Generation
Authors: Matthew T Duvernay, Summer E Young, Jonathan Schoenecker, Heidi Hamm
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Protease activated receptor (PAR) stimulation induces procoagulant phenotypes on platelets leading to thrombin generation (TG); however, the efficacy of PAR1 versus PAR4 in these processes has not ...
Toward a Common Secure Future: Four Global Commissions in the Wake of Ebola
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin, Oyewale Tomori, Suwit Wibulpolprasert, Ashish K. Jha, Julio Frenk, Suerie Moon, Joy Phumaphi, Peter Piot, Barbara Stocking, Victor J. Dzau, Gabriel M. Leung
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2016)

Organization (WHO) emergency and outbreak response activities, and enhancing research and development.
Methadone Treatment
Authors: Robert G. Newman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

After several decades of experience with methadone maintenance treatment for narcotic addiction, given to well over 100,000 patients throughout the world, there continue to be widely divergent views about its effectiveness. To a large extent, this is the result of different perspectives on the definition and measurement of "success" of treatment for addiction in general and of this treatment in particular.Goals That Conflict with the Philosophy OF TreatmentRegardless of the expressed goals and underlying philosophy of programs that treat addiction, the usual measure of effectiveness is abstinence from illicit drugs after treatment has been "completed." The inappropriateness of . . .
Smaller neuron size in schizophrenia in hippocampal subfields that mediate cortical-hippocampal interactions
Authors: S E Arnold, B R Franz, R C Gur, R E Gur, R M Shapiro, P J Moberg, J Q Trojanowski
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The goal of this study was to characterize the hippocampal formation in patients with schizophrenia by measuring neuron density, neuron size, and variability of neuronal axis orientation.Brain tissue was obtained at autopsy from 14 prospectively accrued elderly patients with chronic schizophrenia and 10 age-compatible individuals without psychiatric disorder. Eight hippocampal regions of interest and two internal control regions (primary motor and visual cortices) were identified on Nissl-stained sections. Morphometric measurements were made without knowledge of diagnosis by means of a computer-based image analysis system.The patients exhibited smaller neuron size in the hippocampal regions relative to the control regions, which was significant only for the subiculum, CA1, and layer II of the entorhinal cortex. Neuron size in the control regions was nearly identical in the two groups. No significant differences in neuron density or in variability of neuronal axis orientation were identified for any region. There was no correlation between neuron size in any area and several potentially confounding variables (age, post-mortem interval, neuroleptic exposure, sex, brain hemisphere studied, duration of illness), with the exception of a negative correlation with age in layer II of the entorhinal cortex. Regression analyses indicated that the findings could not be attributed to these age effects.The subiculum, entorhinal cortex, and CA1 are the major subfields of the hippocampal region that maintain the afferent and efferent connections of the hippocampus with widespread cortical and subcortical targets. The smaller size of neurons in these subfields may reflect the presence of structural or functional impairments that disrupt these connections, which in turn could have important behavioral sequelae.
A Comparative Study Of The Outcome Of Isolated Chromosome 13q and Clonal Progression Detected By I-FISH Do Additional Cytogenetic Abnormalities Impact Survival In Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Edward Peres, Shatha Farhan, Philip Kuriakose, Susan Michalowski, Alexandra Sitarik, Suseela M Janakiraman, Sanchez Jessica, Nalini Janakiraman
Journal: Blood (2013)
Mental Health Statistics
Authors: J Randhawa, R Riley
Journal: BMJ (1964)

The shift toward greater use of general hospitals for the treatment of mental disorders reflects the tendency to admit patients with the most serious diagnoses to psychiatric hospitals. However, admissions to both types of institution now tend to involve more serious cases than in early 1980s. To some extent, the increase in the number of patient-days provided for mental disorders, despite declining separation rates, is attributable to the time required for the treatment of disorders such as schizophrenia and affective psychoses. There is also growing emphasis on community care. Increasingly, mental disorders are treated on an outpatient basis without admission to hospital. The substantial annual fluctuations in the national number of separations-as many as 5,000 or 6,000 from one year to the next-may be due to the development of alternative facilities such as community health clinics. The opening of such a facility in one province could have noticeable impact on national figures on hospitalization for mental disorders.
The Eye as an Aid in General Diagnosis, A Hand-book for the use of Students and General Practitioners.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Next-Generation Sequencing of Matched Normal Blood Identifies Clonal Hematopoiesis in a Significant Subset of Solid Tumor Patients without Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Catherine C. Coombs, Ahmet Zehir, Sean Devlin, Sumit Middha, Donavan Cheng, Ashwin Kishtagari, David M. Hyman, David Solit, Mark Robson, Jose Baselga, Maria Arcila, Mark Ladanyi, Martin S Tallman, Ross L. Levine, Michael Berger
Journal: Blood (2015)
The Threat of National Health Insurance to Preventive Programs
Authors: Anthony Robbins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Nearly 60 years ago, the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland was issued a warning strikingly relevant today:With the appropriations for health insurance running into millions of dollars annually it goes without saying that legislative bodies will not materially increase the appropriations for their health departments. Owing to this fact, there is a decided probability of sickness insurance acts endangering the very existence of State health departments by absorbing all of the funds available for health work. Our statesmen and lawmakers must, therefore, be careful that proper and ample provisions are made for health machinery in any sickness insurance . . .
Medicine and multimedia: What to do in a general practice emergency
Authors: Tim Usherwood
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Iain Higginson, Melanie Darwent, Rosaleen Gregg, Ed Peile


BMJ Books, £12.95, pp 112 




ISBN 0 7279 1183 X

———————

Rating: ★★

Emergencies can be scary. In order to respond effectively a doctor needs the right drugs and equipment, the right skills, and up to date knowledge. All this for a problem that she or he may have never, or only rarely, met before. Any book that provides clear and practical advice on what to carry in the car and what to do when you arrive at the scene must be useful. To be really useful, though, it should address all the common emergency situations and other occasions when prompt action can make a difference, and give guidance that is relevant to a wide range of settings.

This book falls short on both counts. Thus, it seems odd to discuss adult medical emergencies without mentioning incipient spinal cord compression or Wernicke’s encephalopathy, paediatric emergencies but not poisoning or child sexual abuse, oculogyric crisis but not the neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and orbital cellulitis but not cavernous sinus thrombosis.

But perhaps these just reflect my nightmares. Of more substance is the failure to provide advice that will help doctors practising in a variety of contexts. I can understand why a book published in Britain does not discuss snake and spider bites, although these are certainly relevant here in Australia, but why does the chapter on psychiatric emergencies describe only the 1983 Mental Health Act? Scotland has separate legislation. The advice that “steroids may be used by the hospital team” for severe croup makes sense if the hospital is just round the corner, but otherwise they should be given before transfer. Indeed, prompt use of steroids may avert the need for admission. The triage process is described in the chapter on what to do at a road traffic accident, but the importance of counting the victims, and making sure they are all located, is not mentioned. The advice on taking x ray pictures after trauma is too sketchy to be helpful, and the authors might usefully have included current evidence based guidelines for imaging after skull and ankle injury. The first part of the statement that “x rays are normal and so unnecessary” for pulled elbow in a toddler is true, but the second part is a non sequitur.

The lists of suggested drugs and equipment at the end of the book are useful and relevant, but I will wait for the next edition of What to Do in A General Practice Emergency before including it in my emergency bag.
Genomic Imprinting, DNA Methylation, and Cancer
Authors: S. Rainier, A. P. Feinberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Genomic Imprinting, DNA Methylation, and Cancer Get access Shirley Rainier, Shirley Rainier Department of Internal Medicine. University of Michigan Medical School. And Howard Hughes Medical Institute. University of MichiganAnn Arbor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Andrew P. Feinberg Andrew P. Feinberg Departments of Internal Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Correspondence to Present address: Andrew P. Feinberg. M.D., M.P.H., Department of Internal Medicine. Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave., 1064 Ross Bldg., Baltimore, MD 21205. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 10, 18 May 1994, Pages 753–759, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.10.753 Published: 18 May 1994 Article history Received: 15 November 1993 Revision received: 19 January 1994 Accepted: 18 February 1994 Published: 18 May 1994
Effect of clinician-veteran racial pairing in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: R Rosenheck, A Fontana, C Cottrol
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

This study explored the effect of veterans' race and of the pairing of veterans' and clinicians' race on the process and outcome of treatment for war-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).As part of the national evaluation of the PTSD Clinical Teams program of the Department of Veterans Affairs, data on assessment of 4,726 white and black male veterans at admission to the program and on the race and other characteristics of their 315 primary clinicians were obtained. Measures of service delivery and treatment emphasis were obtained 2, 4, 8, and 12 months after program entry, along with clinicians' ratings of improvement.After control for sociodemographic characteristics, clinical status, and clinicians' characteristics, multivariate analysis showed that black veterans had significantly lower program participation ratings than white veterans on 10 of 24 measures, but no differences in clinicians' improvement ratings were noted. Additional analyses showed that pairing of white clinicians with black veterans was associated with lower program participation on four of the 24 measures and with lower improvement ratings on one of 15 measures. When treated by either black or white clinicians, black veterans had poorer attendance than white veterans, seemed less committed to treatment, received more treatment for substance abuse, were less likely to be prescribed antidepressant medications, and showed less improvement in control of violent behavior.Although no differences were noted on most measures, the pairing of black veterans with white clinicians was associated with receiving fewer services. According to some other measures, black veterans received less intensive services regardless of the clinician's race.