tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ANSWER: What is your diagnosis based on clinical exam and imaging findings?
Authors: C M Nusman, M C de Jonge, A Navas Canete, M Maas
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBFS).

Coronal T2 weighted fat suppressed image of the left knee demonstrates an area of high signal intensity at the distal part of the iliotibial tract (white arrow). The area of high signal intensity indicates an ill-defined fluid collection. The tendon is still detectable as a linear low-signal-intensity structure within the fluid collection.

Normal thickness of the tendon is seen on the axial T2 weighted fat suppressed image (small white arrow). No evident bone marrow oedema is found. A normal aspect of the lateral meniscus (small white arrows) is seen.

The patient was advised to abstain from running for 4 weeks and prescribed a graded exercise programme. Her complaints disappeared after finishing the programme, and she has since successfully resumed running marathons.

ITBFS is one of the most common causes of knee pain in runners; it may also occur in cyclists and is therefore also referred to as ‘runner’s knee' or ‘cyclist’s knee.' It should be noted that these synonyms can cause confusion, as some authors may use the term ‘runner’s knee' to describe patello-femoral pain.

In 2002, ITBFS was the second most common overuse …
Fresh frozen plasma versus prothrombin complex concentrate in patients with intracranial haemorrhage related to vitamin K antagonists (INCH): a randomised trial
Authors: Thorsten Steiner, Sven Poli, Martin Griebe, Johannes Hüsing, Jacek Hajda, Anja Freiberger, Martin Bendszus, Julian Bösel, Hanne Christensen, Christian Dohmen, Michael Hennerici, Jennifer Kollmer, Henning Stetefeld, Katja E Wartenberg, Christian Weimar, Werner Hacke, Roland Veltkamp
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2016)
Genotype–Phenotype Correlation — Promiscuity in the Era of Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: James T. Lu, Philippe M. Campeau, Brendan H. Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Newly cost-effective next-generation sequencing has led to an explosion of discoveries of novel genetic mutations that reveal the rampant "promiscuity" of genotype-phenotype relationships. Such discoveries should ultimately revolutionize clinical care.
EVALUATION OF BRAIN TUMORS WITH T1-201 SPECT STUDIES: CORRELATION WITH HISTOLOGICAL RESULTS.
Authors: Donna M. Marciano, Keith Black, Michael E. Phelps, Randall A. Hawkins
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Marciano, Donna M.; Black, Keith; Phelps, Michael E.; Hawkins, Randall A. Author Information
FETAL AORTIC VALVULOPLASTY IMPROVES LIKELIHOOD OF BIVENTRICULAR OUTCOME IN LIVE BORN INFANTS
Authors: Max E. Godfrey, Kevin Friedman, Lindsay Freud, Monika Drogosz, Louise Wilkins-Haug, Carol Benson, James Lock, Audrey Marshall, Wayne Tworetzky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Des-γ-Carboxy (Abnormal) Prothrombin as a Serum Marker of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Howard A. Liebman, Barbara C. Furie, Myron J. Tong, Rita A. Blanchard, Kwang-Juei Lo, Shou-Dong Lee, Michael S. Coleman, Bruce Furie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

We detected des-γ-carboxy prothrombin, an abnormal prothrombin, in the serum of 69 of 76 patients (91 per cent) with biopsy-confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma (the mean level of the abnormal prothrombin was 900 ng per milliliter). In contrast, levels of the abnormal prothrombin were low in patients with chronic active hepatitis (mean, 10 ng per milliliter) or metastatic carcinoma involving the liver (mean, 42 ng per milliliter), and undetectable in normal subjects. In five patients treated with vitamin K there was no reduction in abnormal prothrombin, indicating that its presence was not due to vitamin K deficiency. Surgical resection of tumors in two patients and chemotherapy in one patient markedly reduced abnormal-prothrombin concentrations, which later increased with recurrence of disease. Serum α-fetoprotein levels correlated poorly with abnormal-prothrombin levels. Together, the assay for abnormal prothrombin and the α-fetoprotein assay identified 64 of 76 patients with hepatoma (84 per cent). Abnormal prothrombin may be useful in the laboratory diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. (N Engl J Med 1984; 310:1427–31.)
Breast-Density Legislation — Practical Considerations
Authors: Priscilla J. Slanetz, Phoebe E. Freer, Robyn L. Birdwell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Interview with Dr. Priscilla Slanetz on legislation on breast density and supplemental breast-cancer screening. (12:04)Download A grassroots movement to inform women about their breast density has resulted in laws in 20 states mandating provision of that information. But the ability to detect breast cancer is affected by many factors, and evidence supporting supplemental screening is lacking.
Reactivation of Thermal Burn by Methotrexate
Authors: GEORGE A. SOTOS, JAMES E. LIEBMANN, DAVID R. KOHLER, DAN L. LONGO
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Reactivation of Thermal Burn by Methotrexate Get access GEORGE A. SOTOS, GEORGE A. SOTOS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JAMES E. LIEBMANN, JAMES E. LIEBMANN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DAVID R. KOHLER, DAVID R. KOHLER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DAN L. LONGO DAN L. LONGO Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 24, 16 December 1992, Pages 1936–1938, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.24.1936 Published: 16 December 1992
Binding of Soluble Immune Complexes in Serum of Patients with Hodgkin's Disease to Tissue Cultures Derived from the Tumor
Authors: John C. Long, Clive L. Hall, C. Alan Brown, Cathryn Stamatos, Sigmund A. Weitzman, Kathleen Carey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

We examined 90 serums from patients with Hodgkin's disease for immune complexes and for reactivity with established monolayer tissue cultures prepared from the tumor. All 23 serums with immune complex levels greater than 20 microgram per milliliter were found to react with cultured cells of patients with Hodgkin's disease when tested with antiserums against immunoglobulin heavy and light chains and the C3 component of complement. Five of 11 serums with borderline elevations of immune complexes (10 to 20 microgram per milliliter) and only four of 56 with levels less than 10 microgram per milliliter reacted. Absorption of patients' serums with cultured cells removed immune complexes and eliminated binding to monolayers. Immune-complex-containing serums from 19 control patients did react with cultured cells of patients with Hodgkin's disease; none of serums reacted with normal cultured spleen. Antibodies within complement-containing immune complexes in serums of patients with Hodgkin's disease react with an antigen on the surface of cultured cells of such patients.
Recurrent Renal Vein Thrombosis Involving Both Kidneys in a Patient Presenting With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: A C Rebollo, A Jiménez-Heffernan, F M González, J A Vallejo, P I Contreras, M Torres-Avisbal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Renal scan findings are presented from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus with antiphospholipid syndrome who developed right renal vein thrombosis (RVT) followed by recurrent RVT on the left. Clinical manifestations and radiographic findings in RVT are variable, thus making diagnosis difficult. Scintigraphy has been neither sensitive nor specific enough for diagnosis and commonly has been used to assess the level of renal function and the side involved. Scintigraphy also has been used to monitor the recovery or deterioration of renal function after RVT.
Gastric balloon causing small bowel obstruction: treatment by double-balloon enteroscopy
Authors: U. Halm, M. Grothoff, R. Lamberts
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 32-year-old woman was referred to our emergency department because of abdominal pain and vomiting. She had received a gastric balloon in an outpatient clinic 5 years previously to treat obesity, but had not attended follow-up appointments. Emergency computed tomography showed a partially deflated gastric balloon ([Fig. 1], arrow) in the mid part of the jejunum with proximal dilatation of the small bowel loops consistent with ileus.
Abstract 1055: Regorafenib-mediated potent and reversible inhibition of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell growth, migration and AFP.
Authors: Brian I. Carr, Rosalba D'Alessandro, Maria Grazie Refolo, Minna Iacovazzi, Catia Lippolis, Caterina Messa, Aldo Cavallini
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Most HCC presents at an advanced stage, for which there are few effective treatments. Sorafenib enhanced survival by 10 weeks in a randomized trial and was approved by FDA. Sorafenib is a base for building better treatments. Regorafenib (Fluoro-Sorafenib, BAY 73-4506 or Stivarga) is a more potent analog in current clinical trials. Methods: HCC cell lines were grown in culture. Growth was assessed using MTT, migration by scratch assay, medium AFP by clinical chemoluminescent immunometric method, cell AFP and kinases by western blot and cell AFP mRNA by real-time PCR. Results: HCC growth in different cell lines was inhibited by Regorafenib 1-5 μM IC50. Removal of drug from the medium resulted in resumption of normal cell growth even after subsequent sub-culture. This recovery could be partially blocked by low concentrations of vitamin K1 or doxorubicin that were not growth inhibitory when used alone. Regorafenib 1 μM pre-treatment for 2 weeks resulted in very slow recovery. Cell treatment in culture with Regorafenib resulted in early decreases in phospho-ERK levels, followed by return to baseline levels within hours, despite continuous drug exposure. Cell growth recovery after Regorafenib was associated with induction of high phospho-JNK levels and the recovery was blocked by the actions of a JNK inhibitor. Regorafenib also inhibited cell migration and both AFP mRNA by PCR and cellular AFP on WB, and cell culture medium levels of AFP, but at much lower concentrations than needed (0.1-1 μM) for growth inhibition. Removal of drug also resulted in recovery of cell migration, but this recovery could be partially blocked by addition of vitamin K1 or doxorubicin, at drug concentrations that were not themselves inhibitory of cell migration. Even at 1 μM, Regorafenib slowed cell growth and migration after prolonged cell exposure and sub-culture. Pre-treated and recovering cells were much more sensitive to inhibition of migration by low concentration vitamin K1 6.25 μM or doxorubicin 0.01 μM. Conclusions: Regorafenib is a potent inhibitor of HCC cell line growth and works even at very low drug concentrations when cells are exposed for prolonged times. The effects are reversible and JNK could be a critical player in this process. Very low concentrations inhibit HCC cell migration and AFP. Regorafenib appears to be a promising new agent. Citation Format: Brian I. Carr, Rosalba D'Alessandro, Maria Grazie Refolo, Minna Iacovazzi, Catia Lippolis, Caterina Messa, Aldo Cavallini. Regorafenib-mediated potent and reversible inhibition of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell growth, migration and AFP. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1055. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1055
Abstract 5128: Identification of RhoGEFs within the TWEAK-R (Fn14)-Rac1 signaling pathway that mediate glioblastoma cell invasion
Authors: Matthew J. Ennis, Wendy S. McDonough, Amanda Chan, Marc H. Symons, Jeffrey A. Winkles, Bodour Salhia, Joseph C. Loftus, Nhan L. Tran
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant primary adult brain tumor. Despite efforts at surgical resection of the glioma mass, invasive cells are always left behind and the tumor will inevitably recur and kill the patient. As such, novel therapeutics targeting pro-invasive factors could improve neurological outcomes and survival for these patients. This requires a detailed understanding of the mechanisms driving glioma migration and invasion. We have been investigating whether the multifunctional cytokine tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its receptor fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) regulate glioma cell invasive activity. We have previously demonstrated that Fn14 expression was elevated in the invasive rim of GBM specimens and migrating glioma cells in vitro. The Fn14 signaling axis is known to drive glioma invasion via Rac1. We have previously reported that Ect2, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rho family GTPases, including Rac1 and Cdc42, is overexpressed in GBM, and that overexpression of Ect2 correlates directly with tumor grade and inversely with patient survival. In this study we show that Ect2 regulates Rac1 activation downstream of Fn14. Depletion of Ect2 by siRNA duplexes abrogates Fn14-induced Rac1 activation and subsequent glioma cell migration and invasion. We also found that Cdc42 activation by TWEAK is directly mediated by Ect2. Interestingly, depletion of Cdc42 expression impairs TWEAK-induced Rac1 activation and also results in a significant reduction of glioma cell migration and invasion. This suggests that Cdc42 is, in part, important for Rac1 activation downstream of the TWEAK-Fn14 signaling pathway and argues that another GEF(s) may be involved in the Fn14-Rac1 signaling axis. Recently, we have identified Trio as an additional GEF that activates Rac1 downstream of Cdc42. It is also known that Trio expression correlates directly with brain tumor grade and inversely with patient survival. siRNA-mediated depletion of Trio inhibits TWEAK-induced Rac1 activation but not TWEAK-induced Cdc42 activation. Therefore, delineating the mechanisms of Fn14-RhoGEF-RhoGTPase signaling pathway, may lead to identification of novel targets that can serve as possible points of therapeutic intervention. (Supported by NIH R01-CA130940) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5128.
Aspartame and Susceptibility to Headache
Authors: Susan S. Schiffman, C. Edward Buckley, H.A. Sampson, E.W. Massey, J.N. Baraniuk, J.V. Follett, Z.S. Warwick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

We performed a double-blind crossover trial of challenges with 30 mg of aspartame per kilogram of body weight or placebo in 40 subjects who reported having headaches repeatedly after consuming products containing aspartame. The incidence rate of headache after aspartame (35 percent) was not significantly different from that after placebo (45 percent) (P<0.50). No serious reactions were observed, and the incidence of symptoms other than headache following aspartame was also equivalent to that after placebo. No treatment-related effects were detected in vital signs, blood pressure, or plasma concentrations of cortisol, insulin, glucagon, histamine, epinephrine, or norepinephrine. Most of the subjects were well educated and overweight and had a family or personal history of allergic reactions. The subjects who had headaches had lower plasma concentrations of norepinephrine (P<0.0002) and epinephrine (P<0.02) just before the development of headache. We conclude that in this population, aspartame is no more likely to produce headache than placebo. (N Engl J Med 1987; 317:1181–5.)
P188 Increased Pulmonary M. Avium-intracellulare Isolates Account For Much Of The National Rise In Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria Incidence, 2007-2012
Authors: N. Shah, J. Davidson, L. Anderson, H. Thomas, M. Lipman, I. Abubakar
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The incidence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolation from humans is increasing worldwide. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland (EW and NI) the reported rate of NTM more than doubled between 1996 and 2006. It is unclear if this trend has continued. We present an updated analysis with national NTM data from 2007 to 2012. <h3>Methods</h3> All individuals with culture positive NTM isolates between 2007–2012 reported to Public Health England by the five mycobacterial reference laboratories serving EW and NI, were included. The annual incidence of NTM was calculated based on the year of the first positive NTM isolate from each individual. <h3>Results</h3> 21,024 individuals had NTM culture positive samples. Over the study period the incidence rose from 5.57 (n = 3126) to 7.63 (n = 4454) per 100,000 population. The majority were male (57%) and older (71% &gt;50 years of age). 77% of individuals had a pulmonary isolate – and here the incidence increased from 3.97 to 6.05 per 100,000 population between 2007 and 2012. In those with extra-pulmonary samples it remained stable at 1.61 per 100,000 population. In patients Table 1 indicates the seven most frequently reported organisms; M. avium-intracellulare (MAI) accounted for 35% of isolates (75% in people &gt;50 years). 78% of these were from pulmonary samples. 42% of M. abscessus isolates were in patients 60 years. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The incidence of NTM has continued to rise since the last national survey. This represents an almost ten-fold increase since 1995. The majority of these are pulmonary isolates (in particular MAI). Possible explanations include greater awareness amongst clinicians leading to increased sampling, improvements in laboratory techniques for speciation or laboratory reporting practices. However, such a large increase most likely reflects a genuine rise in NTM infection in the population. Given this change in culture confirmation, it is imperative that a comprehensive clinical database is set up to provide national monitoring of clinically significant infections, and establish the true burden of disease present in EW and NI.
CARACTERISTICAS Y PERFIL MICROBIOLOGICO DE LA BACTERIEMIA DE ORIGEN BILIAR EN NUESTRO CENTRO
Authors: S Fernández Herrera, B De Dios Garcia, C Dolz Abadía, N Rull Murillo, C Garau Colom
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Introducción: La bacteriemia de origen biliar es la segunda causa de bacteriemia comunitaria y tercera nosocomial. Los patógenos más aislados son las Enterobacterias. Aumento progresivo de las resistencias a antibióticos. Objetivo: conocer las características etiológicas, anatómicas y microbiológicas de la infección biliar en nuestro centro. Material y Método: revisión retrospectiva de los hemocultivos documentados positivos y de las historias clínicas informatizadas durante el período de estudio. Resultados: Hubo 115 infecciones biliares con bacteriemia documentada. 50.4% eran varones y 49.6% mujeres, con edad media de 78 años. La media de bilirrubina fue 5.14 mg/dl, y de leucocitos en sangre 13.5 × 109U/L. La entidad nosológica principal fue la colangitis litiásica (40%), seguida de colecistitis litiásica (10%) y de colangiopancreatitis (0.9%). Un 20% de la muestra había tenido manipulación de la vía biliar previamente. Un 26% de los pacientes había recibido antibiótico los tres meses previos y un 65% presentaba alguna comorbilidad, siendo el 30% diabético. Un 20.4% estaban colecistectomizados. Los aislamientos más frecuentes fueron: 57 E. coli (49.1%), 26 Klebsiella spp (22.4%), 13 Enterococos (11.2%), 10 Enterobacter cloacae (8.6%), 6 Pseudomonas spp (4.6%), 4 Candidas spp (3.4%), 3 Anaerobios (2.6%) y 9 de otras enterobacterias (7.7%). 42 aislamientos presentaron problemas de resistencia, siendo los más frecuentes en Enterococos (63.6%) y en Enterobacter (15%). Hubo un 73% de infecciones comunitarias y un 27% nosocomiales. Un 3.5% de E. coli y un 7.4% de Klebsiella spp presentaron problemas de resistencia a cefalosporinas de 3a generación, todos de origen nosocomial. Conclusiones: En nuestro entorno E. coli y Klebsiella spp son los microorganismos más comúnmente aislados (70%). La resistencia a cefalosporinas de 3a generación, especialmente para los microorganismos más frecuentes, ha ido en aumento, siguiendo la tendencia de las principales series nacionales. En hemocultivos positivos para infección nosocomial, la tasa de microorganismos con problemas de resistencias fue del 54%.
Abstract P6-15-14: Inhibit SIAH E3 Ligase, a Downstream Signaling Module Required for the HER2/EGFR/RAS Signal Transduction, To Block Tumorigenesis and Metastasis of Highly Invasive Human Breast Cancers
Authors: AH Tang, CH Park, Y Liao, AU Ahmed, NR Reed, SE Hesse, WL Lingle, RE Jimenez, AH. Tang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The central importance of the HER2/Neu/EGFR/RAS signaling pathway has been well established in the growth, invasion and metastasis of human breast cancer, even though oncogenic RAS mutations are rare in breast cancer, activation of the tumor-promoting ERBB/RAS/MEK/MAPK pathway has been consistently documented in high-grade breast tumors. As such, novel approaches to inhibit activated ERBB/RAS signals constitute important measures to block tumor growth and metastasis in mammary tumors. In this study, instead of targeting an upstream signaling component such as HER2/EGFR/RAS, we targeted the most downstream signaling module identified in the RAS pathway — the SIAH proteolytic machinery. SIAH is an evolutionarily conserved RING E3 ligase that is a critical “gatekeeper” required for RAS signal transduction in human cancer cells. SIAH is specifically expressed in tumor cells in 120 human breast cancer patients examined so far. The increased SIAH expression is correlated with increased grades and aggressiveness of human breast cancer. We then asked whether inhibiting the gatekeeper function of SIAH would be effective in blocking mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis in human breast cancer. Our results indicated that SIAH2-deficiency successfully abolished tumor growth of three breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-468) in soft agar assays as well as in athymic nude mice. Importantly, by inhibiting SIAH2 function in highly aggressive human breast cancer cells, we are able to completely block tumorigenesis and metastasis of two highly invasive and metastatic human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435). These findings suggest that SIAH2 may be an attractive new therapeutic target for novel breast cancer therapy and developing anti-SIAH molecules will aid in expanding our arsenal of effective anticancer therapies. More effective breast cancer treatments may be obtained by multi-pronged synergistic inhibitions at upstream (HER2/EGFR membrane receptors), midstream (RAS/RAF/MEK/mTOR) and downstream (SIAH E3 ligase) signaling modules in the HER2/EGFR/RAS pathway in parallel. Thus, by attacking the growth-promoting ERBB/RAS pathway at multiple signaling modules simultaneously, we may be in a great position to halt the genesis, progression and metastasis of human breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-15-14.