tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Erythema Multiforme Bullosum (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome)
Authors: William N. Agostas, Nathan Reeves, Edgar D. Shanks, V. P. Sydenstricker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

A NUMBER of reports have appeared in the literature in recent years on the condition known as the Stevens-Johnson syndrome. The numerous descriptive names attached to its multiple manifestations have caused considerable confusion. There is still controversy concerning whether it is similar to Hebra's "erythema exudativum multiforme" (1886). Less commonly used names are "ectodermose erosive pluriorificialis" (of the French authors), dermatostomatitis, erythema multiforme bullosum, "eruptive fever"1 and so forth.Ginandes2 in 1935 suggested that cases be divided into two groups: severe — erythema exudativum multiforme (Stevens-Johnson), and mild — erythema exudarivum multiforme (Hebra).Thomas3 classified them as "erythema exudativum multiforme," . . .
Liver Disease in Patients with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, Joshua R. Korzenik, Lawrence Young, Katharine J. Henderson, Dhanpat Jain, Boyd Byrd, Jeffrey S. Pollak, Robert I. White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, or Rendu–Osler–Weber disease, is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by angiodysplastic lesions (telangiectases and arteriovenous malformations) that affect many organs. Liver involvement in patients with this disease has not been fully characterized.
Prevalence of fibroadenomas in kidney-transplanted patients using cyclosporine A.
Authors: JN Machado, LA Vieira Jr., JT Araujo Neto, C Kemp, G Facina, AC Nazario
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6078 Background: Fibroadenoma is the commonest benign tumor of female breast, classified as fibroepithelial neoplasia. It is frequent during reproductive years mainly in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life, coinciding with follicular maturation and steroidogenesis. With the beginning of the era of transplants the use of cyclosporine A was accepted by the medical community as potential lymphocyte T suppressant. In 1980 the first report on multiple breast fibroadenomas in renal transplant patients taking cyclosporine A was published. The imaging standard of fibroadenomas also seems to differ from usually found in asymptomatic patients: diameters are notably larger, lower longitudinal / anteroposterior diameter ratio and are more hyperechogenic.&amp;#x2028; Objetive: To define the prevalence of breast fibroadenomas in kidney-transplanted patients taking cyclosporine A.&amp;#x2028; Materials and Methods: Prevalence of breast fibroadenomas was determined in three groups of patients: 50 women with renal transplant taking cyclosporine A (Group 1); 51 women with renal transplant not taking cyclosporine A (Group 2) and 181 women without renal transplant (Control Group). Evaluation was performed by anamnesis, physical examination and breast ultrasonography. In the case of clinical or imaging suspicion of fibroadenoma, the diagnosis was confirmed by core needle biopsy or lumpectomy.&amp;#x2028; Results: The groups were homogeneous regarding age, menstrual status and former breast cancer family history. Fourteen percent fibroadenomas were found in the renal transplant patient group taking cyclosporine A versus 2.0% in the renal transplant patient group not taking cyclosporine A, and 2.8% in the control group. Prevalence of breast fibroadenomas in renal transplant patients taking cyclosporine A was significantly higher than in those not taking the drug and than in the control group (p=0.001). Frequency of fibroadenomas of the control group and renal transplant patients not taking cyclosporine was similar (p=0.073). Multiplicity, bilaterality and greater nodule dimensions were observed more in renal transplant patients taking cyclosporine A, but there was no statistical significance among the groups.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Conclusion: Breast fibroadenomas are more prevalent in the renal transplant patients taking cyclosporine A. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6078.
Animal models for endoscopic training: do we really need them?
Authors: A. Parra-Blanco, N. González, R. González, J. Ortiz-Fernández-Sordo, C. Ordieres
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Gastrointestinal endoscopy currently includes many therapeutic methods that are technically challenging and frequently associated with a significant risk of complications. Several issues such as the limited number of clinical cases and practice in emergency situations, and technical difficulty may limit the opportunity for training, and increased exposure in more relaxed situations would be desirable. Moreover, providing the patient with the best possible standard of care is a must. Animal models are the most easily available simulators. Training in these models has been recommended for several complex techniques, among which hemostasis, endoscopic ultrasound, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and endoscopic submucosal dissection are reviewed here. Ex vivo models are much easier to set up and, from an ethical standpoint, they should be used for the initial step in training whenever possible before moving on to in vivo models. Although simulation with animal models has been the subject of a good number of studies, very few of them have evaluated the impact on clinical outcomes, and clearly more studies are needed. Nevertheless, available evidence does suggest that practicing on animal models has an influence on the learning curve and facilitates the acquisition of skills in the complex endoscopic techniques reviewed.
L'endoscopie péritonéale apporte un réel avantage pour explorer les carcinoses péritonéales
Authors: R Lo Dico, X Dray, S Kirzin, P Valleur, M Pocard
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Diagnostiquer une carcinose limitée ou son extirpabilité reste délicat en imagerie, l'exploration chirurgicale restant souvent indispensable. Suite à nos études sur animaux et sujets anatomiques validant l'apport de l'endoscopie péritonéale par voie trans-ombilicale, nous avons utilisé la technique en pratique clinique depuis fin 2009. Notre attente est d'avoir l'exploration la plus exhaustive possible de la cavité péritonéale, y compris des coupoles diaphragmatiques, notamment chez les patients avec antcédents de chirurgie, ceci sans réaliser de viscérolyse et sans placer de trocart dans les flancs.
Highly Selective Photothermal Therapy by a Phenoxylated‐Dextran‐Functionalized Smart Carbon Nanotube Platform
Authors: Seungmin Han, Taeyun Kwon, Jo‐Eun Um, Seungjoo Haam, Woo‐Jae Kim
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Near‐infrared (NIR) photothermal therapy using biocompatible single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is advantageous because as‐produced SWNTs, without additional size control, both efficiently absorb NIR light and demonstrate high photothermal conversion efficiency. In addition, covalent attachment of receptor molecules to SWNTs can be used to specifically target infected cells. However, this technique interrupts SWNT optical properties and inevitably lowers photothermal conversion efficiency and thus remains major hurdle for SWNT applications. This paper presents a smart‐targeting photothermal therapy platform for inflammatory disease using newly developed phenoxylated‐dextran‐functionalized SWNTs. Phenoxylated dextran is biocompatible and efficiently suspends SWNTs by noncovalent π–π stacking, thereby minimizing SWNT bundle formations and maintaining original SWNT optical properties. Furthermore, it selectively targets inflammatory macrophages by scavenger‐receptor binding without any additional receptor molecules; therefore, its preparation is a simple one‐step process. Herein, it is experimentally demonstrated that phenoxylated dextran‐SWNTs (pD‐SWNTs) are also biocompatible, selectively penetrate inflammatory macrophages over normal cells, and exhibit high photothermal conversion efficiency. Consequently, NIR laser‐triggered macrophage treatment can be achieved with high accuracy by pD‐SWNT without damaging receptor‐free cells. These smart targeting materials can be a novel photothermal agent candidate for inflammatory disease.
RT-25 * NAUSEA AND EMESIS IN MEDULLOBLASTOMA PATIENTS TREATED WITH PROTON RADIOTHERAPY
Authors: L. O'Steen, J. Bradley, R. Rotondo, T. Vern-Gross, C. Morris, P. Aldana, E. Sandler, D. Indelicato
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

OBJECTIVE: Nausea and emesis are common during craniospinal irradiation (CSI) for medulloblastoma. The etiology of these side effects is unclear as photon CSI delivers radiation to the brain and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Proton CSI delivers a similar radiation dose to the brain yet minimal radiation to the GI tract, providing an opportunity to compare these two pathways. This study reports the incidence and severity of nausea and emesis associated with proton therapy (PT) for children with medulloblastoma. METHODS: Between December 2007 and February 2013, 33 children (45% girls; 55% boys) received proton therapy (CSI, n = 29; focal, n = 4) for medulloblastoma. Median age was 6.5 years (range, 1.4-21.1). 70% were standard risk. All received chemotherapy (76% concurrent). Patients were not routinely premedicated with antiemetics. Serial weight measurements and data on nausea and emesis were prospectively collected weekly during PT and at each follow-up using CTCAE. Maximum grade toxicity was recorded. Clinical and dosimetric factors were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 2.6 years (range,0 .1 to 5.7). Three patients (9%) developed grade 3 nausea and/or emesis during PT; 21% and 12% experienced grade 2 nausea and emesis, respectively. No patients developed grade 4+ nausea or emesis. Median total weight change during PT was -6.5% (range, -16%- +14.1%); 57% of patients lost ≥5% of their body weight during treatment and 20% lost ≥10%. Neither age nor dose was associated with toxicity. Grade 2+ emesis was observed in girls more often than boys (33.3% vs 5.6%; p = 0.07). One patient had grade 2 emesis continue after PT, which subsequently resolved. Otherwise, no grade 2+ nausea or emesis followed the completion of PT. CONCLUSION: Given the absence of significant dose to the GI tract with proton CSI, these data suggest that <10% of serious toxicity is attributable to emetogenic centers in the brain.
Congenital Sutural Cataract
Authors: Jaspreet Sukhija, Savleen Kaur
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

A 7-year-old girl presented with decreased vision in the right eye that was detected during school screening. The best corrected visual acuity was 20/40 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Examination of the right eye revealed a clear cornea with Y-shaped lenticular opacities diagnostic of a sutural cataract. When the eye was examined through a slit lamp with diffuse illumination, the opacities followed the anterior and posterior Y sutures of the lens, with the anterior suture having the shape of an upright Y and the posterior suture having the shape of an inverted Y. Sutural cataracts . . .
Early Dynamic 68Ga-DOTA-D-Phe1-Tyr3-Octreotide PET/CT in Patients With Hepatic Metastases of Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Philipp Wilhelm Sänger, Martin Freesmeyer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

Whole-body PET with Ga-DOTA-D-Phe-Tyr-octreotide (Ga-DOTATOC) and contrast-enhanced CT (ceCT) are considered a standard for the staging of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). This study sought to verify whether early dynamic (ed) Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT can reliably detect liver metastases of NETs (hypervascular, nonhypervascular; positive or negative for somatostatin receptors) and to verify if the receptor positivity has a significant impact on the detection of tumor hypervascularization.Twenty-seven patients with NET were studied by ceCT and standard whole-body PET according to established Ga-DOTATOC protocols. In addition, edPET data were obtained by continuous scanning during the first 300 seconds after bolus injections of the radiotracer. Early dynamic PET required an additional low-dose, native CT image of the liver for the purpose of attenuation correction. Time-activity and time-contrast curves were obtained, the latter being calculated by the difference between tumor and reference regions.Early dynamic PET/CT proved comparable with ceCT in readily identifying hypervascular lesions, irrespective of the receptor status, with activities rising within 16 to 40 seconds. Early dynamic PET/CT also readily identified nonhypervascular, receptor-positive lesions. Positive image contrasts were obtained for hypervascular, receptor-positive lesions, whereas early negative contrasts were obtained for nonhypervascular, receptor-negative lesions.The high image contrast of hypervascular NET metastases in early arterial phases suggests that edPET/CT can become a useful alternative in patients with contraindications to ceCT. The high density of somatostatin receptors did not seem to interfere with the detection of the lesion's hypervascularization.
PTH-023 Screen Detected Colorectal Cancer: Benefits and Challenges of Catching Bhem Young
Authors: S Ganapathi, N Katsoulas, R Hagger, D Melville, D Kumar
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The bowel cancer screening programme (BCSP) is known to detect majority of colorectal cancer (CRC) at an earlier stage. We aimed at determining the outcome of screen detected CRC (SDCRC). <h3>Methods</h3> 165 patients diagnosed with CRC through BCSP were compared to a control group, which included 179 age matched patients diagnosed with CRC before the implementation of BCSP. Survival analysis was performed at a median follow up of 36 months. <h3>Results</h3> The SDCRC and control groups were similar with respect to gender distribution and vascular invasion (VI). SDCRC were more likely to be detected at an earlier Modified Dukes’ stage (p &lt; 0.001). The stage distribution of SDCRC was similar to the national pilot (1) except for a higher percentage with metastatic disease (9% v 1%). During the follow up of SDCRC, 23 patients developed recurrent CRC and 19 patients died. While the overall survival (OS) was significantly better in SDCRC (p &lt; 0.001), the recurrence free survival (RFS) in SDCRC was similar to the control group (p = 0.798). Left sided tumours (p = 0.022, HR-5.3) and VI (p = 0.004, HR-8.3) had an independent adverse influence on RFS in SDCRC. VI had a significant influence on RFS in both polyp (p = 0.006) and non-polyp cancers (p = 0.012) among SDCRC. <h3>Conclusion</h3> While the OS was significantly better in the SDCRC, there was no significant difference in the RFS between the two groups. While the benefits of screening are clear, we need to be aware of the challenge posed by the expanding group of aggressive early CRC. Longer follow up is necessary to carefully quantify the survival and economic benefits achieved through NHS BCSP. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Results of the first round of a demonstration pilot of screening for colorectal cancer in the United Kingdom. BMJ 2004;<b> 329</b>:133.
Endothelin-1 Induces Proteinuria by Heparanase-Mediated Disruption of the Glomerular Glycocalyx
Authors: Marjolein Garsen, Olivia Lenoir, Angelique L.W.M.M. Rops, Henry B. Dijkman, Brigith Willemsen, Toin H. van Kuppevelt, Ton J. Rabelink, Jo H.M. Berden, Pierre-Louis Tharaux, Johan van der Vlag
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2016)

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of CKD in the Western world. Endothelin receptor antagonists have emerged as a novel treatment for DN, but the mechanisms underlying the protective effect remain unknown. We previously showed that both heparanase and endothelin-1 are essential for the development of DN. Here, we further investigated the role of these proteins in DN, and demonstrated that endothelin-1 activates podocytes to release heparanase. Furthermore, conditioned podocyte culture medium increased glomerular transendothelial albumin passage in a heparanase-dependent manner. In mice, podocyte-specific knockout of the endothelin receptor prevented the diabetes-induced increase in glomerular heparanase expression, consequent reduction in heparan sulfate expression and endothelial glycocalyx thickness, and development of proteinuria observed in wild-type counterparts. Our data suggest that in diabetes, endothelin-1 signaling, as occurs in endothelial activation, induces heparanase expression in the podocyte, damage to the glycocalyx, proteinuria, and renal failure. Thus, prevention of these effects may constitute the mechanism of action of endothelin receptor blockers in DN.
PTU-180 What is the role of EUS in nodal staging of oesophageal cancer in the era of PET-CT?
Authors: G J Bryce, M J Forshaw, A J Stanley, N Jamieson, S Paterson, S Ballantyne
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> EUS+/-FNA has been regarded as a standard investigation for T and N staging of oesophageal and oesophagogastric junctional (OGJ) cancer. The increased availablility of PET-CT has led to many centres reducing their use of EUS and relying more on non-invasive assessment of lymph node involvement. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyse the outcomes from EUS following the introduction of PET-CT into a single regional unit. <h3>Methods</h3> The computerised records of all patients diagnosed with oesophageal or OGJ cancer and discussed at a regional MDM between March 2009 and February 2011 were analysed. Patients felt to be suitable for radical treatment based upon initial endoscopy, CT scan and review of referral letter underwent a combination of PET-CT +/- EUS. The final staging pathway and management of this group of patients were analysed retrospectively. <h3>Results</h3> 593 patients were diagnosed and presented to the regional MDM. 412 (69%) were directed towards palliative treatment following initial assessment. Of the remaining 181 (31%), PET-CT was undertaken in 180 and EUS in 99 (55%). FNA was undertaken in 31 (31%) of those undergoing EUS. One patient (1%) had a perforation related to dilatation prior to planned EUS. A covered stent was inserted and he was discharged from hospital. The findings on PET-CT directly changed management to a palliative approach in 30 patients (17%). A further 75 patients (42%) required further investigations based upon PET-CT including EUS (n=52), colonoscopy (n=9), review by other specialities (n=6), lymph node excision biopsy (n=2), radiological guided FNA/core biopsy (n=3) and MRI liver (n=2). EUS was performed to investigate nodal status in 51 (52%), to confirm the presence or depth of tumour invasion in 21 (21%) and to investigate other organ involvement in 3 (3%). 24 EUS procedures were performed routinely due to protocols used at that time. EUS+/-FNA directed patients to a palliative approach in 22 (22%). Management was directed to a radical approach in 72 (73%), and to endoscopic treatment (EMR/PDT) in 5 (5%). In the 98 patients who had both PET-CT and EUS, there was concordance of lymph node status in 79 (85%). Ten (11%) patients with negative nodes on PET-CT had positive nodes on EUS (of which 5 were suspicious at the time of staging CT), and 4 (4%) with positive nodes on PET-CT had negative nodes on EUS. Five had incomplete EUS due to stricturing. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These results demonstrate that EUS has a complementary role in the staging process, with EUS playing an essential role in 11% of patients where confirmation of lymph node status, not identified on PET-CT, guided appropriate management. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Abstract 3194: Tristetraprolin controls the stability of uPA/uPAR mRNA through binding to the 3’UTR of uPA/uPAR mRNA in U87MG glioma cells.
Authors: Jinhyun Ryu, Jungil Choi, Dong Hoon Lee, Gu Seob Roh, Hyun Joon Kim, Gyeong Jae Cho, Wan Sung Choi, Jae-Yong Park, Jeong Woo Park, Sang Soo Kang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Malignant gliomas are one of the most common primary intrinsic brain tumors. In particular, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), WHO grade IV, is highly invasive. Because of its high invasiveness, patients with unresectable GBM have a poor prognosis and have median survival of only a few months. The invasiveness of glioma depends on proteolysis of the extracellular matrix, a complex event occurring through the surrounding tissue during tumor cell invasion. Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its specific receptor (uPAR) play a major role in the infiltrative growth of glioblastoma. Tristetraprolin (TTP or ZFP36) is a tandem CCCH zinc-finger RNA-binding protein that regulates the stability of certain AU-rich element (ARE) mRNAs. Recent work reports that TTP is deficient in many cancer cells when compared with normal cell types. Moreover, the lack of TTP is associated with a variety of cancer-related processes. In the present study, we investigated the post-transcriptional regulation of uPA/uPAR expression by the tristetraprolin (TTP) in U87MG human glioma cells. Here, we showed that the overexpression of TTP decreased the stability of uPA/uPAR mRNA and the expression level of uPA/uPAR protein. uPA/uPAR mRNA include AU-rich elements (AREs) within the 3’-untranslated region, and TTP destabilized a luciferase mRNA containing uPA/uPAR AREs. In addition, TTP inhibits cell invasion in U87MG glioma cells. Present study demonstrates that TTP suppress the progression of glioma through the regulation of uPA/uPAR mRNA stability. Citation Format: Jinhyun Ryu, Jungil Choi, Dong Hoon Lee, Gu Seob Roh, Hyun Joon Kim, Gyeong Jae Cho, Wan Sung Choi, Jae-Yong Park, Jeong Woo Park, Sang Soo Kang. Tristetraprolin controls the stability of uPA/uPAR mRNA through binding to the 3’UTR of uPA/uPAR mRNA in U87MG glioma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3194. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3194