tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AB0898 The Total Antioxidant Status and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Osteoporosis
Authors: K.S. Abdullah
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Evidences have linked aging and the development of age-related diseases to increased levels of oxidative stress (OS). Increased OS in bone enhances osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis, leading to decrease osteoblast number, and in turn decrease in bone formation (1). Free radicals are toxic to osteoblasts and may stimulate osteoclast differentiation (2). In addition osteoclasts themselves are activated by free-radicals and they in turn produce free-radicals to resorb bone (3). Free radicals activate nuclear factor κβ (NFκβ), a factor responsible for the synthesis of bone-resorbing cytokines such as interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 (4). <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative stress in patients with osteoporosis (OP). <h3>Methods</h3> Sixty female with positive Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) results whose ages range between 50 - 60 years old were enrolled in the study and were divided into 2 groups, osteopenia and osteoporosis. Thirty apparently healthy females, age matched with the patients, were kept as a control. TAS and Malondyaldehyde (MDA) were measured in all groups. A pilot study was designed to compare the TAS and MDA between patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis, using the ranges of T-score between the medians of each group (-1.7 to -2.5 and -2.6 to -3.3, respectivly). <h3>Results</h3> The TAS values of patients groups (1.59±0.15 mmol/l and 1.05±0.37 mmol/l, were significantly lower than that of the control group (2.18±0.26mmol/l) (p&lt;0.001). MDA values (1.20±0.43 μmol/l and 2.40±0.66 μmol/l, respectively), were significantly higher than that of the control group (0.47±0.14 μmol/l) (p&lt;0.001). The result of pilot study, showed no difference between these two selected values groups for TAS and MDA, (p-value &lt;0.1and 0.07) respectivlly. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The OP patients have lower levels of TAS and higher levels of MDA than the control group. There is no difference between osteopenia and osteoporosis regarding oxidative stress in the pilot study. <h3>References</h3> Almeida M, Han L, Ambrogini E, Weinstein RS, Manolagas SC Glucocorticoids and tumor necrosis factor α increase oxidative stress and suppress Wnt protein signaling in osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26(11):2682-94. Ahmad NS, Khalid BAK, Luke DA, Ima-Nirwana S. Tocotrienol offers better protection than tocopherol from free radical-induced damage of rat bone. Clin Exp Pharm Physiol 2005; 32: 761-770. Garrett I R et al., Oxygen-derived free radicals stimulate osteoclastic bone resorption in rodent bone in vitro and in vivo. J Clin Invest 1990; 85(3): 632-639. Basu S, Michaelsson K, Olofsson H, Johansson S &amp; Melhus H. Association between oxidative stress and bone mineral density. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 288:275-279. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Bone Morphogenetic Protein and Activin Membrane–Bound Inhibitor, a Transforming Growth Factor β Rheostat That Controls Murine Treg Cell/Th17 Cell Differentiation and the Development of Autoimmune Arthritis by Reducing Interleukin‐2 Signaling
Authors: Jorge Postigo, Marcos Iglesias, Pilar Álvarez, Juan Jesús Augustin, Luis Buelta, Jesús Merino, Ramón Merino
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Objective Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) plays a prominent role in the establishment of immunologic tolerance, and mice lacking TGFβ1 die of multiorgan inflammation early in life. TGFβ controls the differentiation of CD4+ lymphocytes into Treg cells or proinflammatory Th17 cells. Although this dual capacity is modulated by the presence of additional cytokines around the activated cells, TGFβ also dissociates Th17/Treg cell differentiation in a dose‐dependent manner by mechanisms still unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the contribution of bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane–bound inhibitor (BAMBI) to the modulation of TGFβ activity during the differentiation of CD4+ cells and in the control of immunologic tolerance in mice with collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA). Methods The in vitro and in vivo Treg cell and Th17 cell differentiation and the development of CIA were compared in wild‐type mice and BAMBI‐deficient mice. Results BAMBI was induced after activation by TGFβ and fixed the appropriate intensity level of TGFβ signaling in CD4+ cells. Its deficiency protected mice against the development of CIA by a Treg cell– and TGFβ‐dependent mechanism. Mechanistically, BAMBI was found to regulate CD25 expression and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) signaling in Treg cells and in IL‐2– and/or TGFβ‐activated CD4+ cells and modulated Treg cell and Th17 cell differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Taken together, the results indicate that BAMBI is a component of a rheostat‐like mechanism that, through the control of TGFβ and IL‐2 signaling strength, regulates the differentiation of CD4+ lymphocytes and the development of autoimmune arthritis.
Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: F. Anthony Greco, Robert K. Oldham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

SMALL-CELL lung cancer accounts for 20 to 25 per cent of all lung cancers and was diagnosed in more than 20,000 patients in the United States in 1978. This neoplasm differs substantially from other major histologic types of lung cancer, and treatment has recently been improved. Thus, a brief review of the clinical and therapeutic aspects is timely.Causation and Cellular OriginThe development of small-cell and squamous-cell lung cancers is irrefutably related to cigarette smoke.1 In nonsmokers, small-cell lung cancer is extremely rare,2 except in the following groups: those exposed to whole-body irradiation,3 uranium miners4 and workers exposed to . . .
The Probability of Developing Cancer
Authors: Irving D. Goldberg, M. P. H., Morton L. Levin, M. D., Paul R. Gerhardt, M. D., Vincent H. Handy, M. D., Rita E. Cashman, M. S.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1956)

The Probability of Developing Cancer Get access Irving D. Goldberg, M. P. H., Irving D. Goldberg, M. P. H. Division of Medical Services, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Morton L. Levin, M. D., Morton L. Levin, M. D. Division of Medical Services, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paul R. Gerhardt, M. D., Paul R. Gerhardt, M. D. Division of Medical Services, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Vincent H. Handy, M. D., Vincent H. Handy, M. D. Division of Medical Services, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rita E. Cashman, M. S. Rita E. Cashman, M. S. Division of Medical Services, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 17, Issue 2, August 1956, Pages 155–173, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/17.2.155 Published: 01 August 1956 Article history Received: 26 March 1956 Published: 01 August 1956
Endoscopic view in a patient with acute gastric volvulus
Authors: Abdol Masjedizadeh, Pezhman Alavinejad
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

A 52-year old man with recurrent vomiting was referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. During endoscopy, superficial erosions were found on the upper part and obstruction in the middle part of the stomach ([Fig. 1] and [Fig. 2]). The stomach was rotated around an axis connecting the gastroesophageal junction and the pylorus. The antrum was rotated in the opposite direction toward the fundus. The organoaxial type of gastric volvulus that was seen in our patient is associated with sliding hiatal hernia ([Fig. 3]).
Three Cases of Fistulae Arising from Gastrointestinal Tract Treated with Endoscopic Injection of Histoacryl®
Authors: Y C Lee, H G Na, J H Suh,  Park I-S, K Y Chung, N K Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Treatment of gastrointestinal fistula usually consists of conservative management and surgery as definite therapeutic measure. Histoacryl® can be used to treat gastrointestinal fistula with no response to conservative management in surgically high-risk patients. We report here three cases of gastrointestinal fistula successfully treated with endoscopic injection of Histoacryl® through a catheter into the internal opening and fistulous tract.
Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Bryan B. Le, Ba D. Nguyen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

We present the case of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome occurring in a 44-year-old woman with a recent history of coronary artery bypass surgery. Postoperatively, she was urgently readmitted for a left middle cerebral artery stroke, and during workup she was found with a left ventricular thrombus on echocardiogram. Subsequently, the patient was diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome. Multimodality imaging, including bone and myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, CT, and MR, during her hospitalization, depicted all the characteristic features constituting the catastrophic form of antiphospholipid syndrome, also known as Asherson syndrome.
PTU-016 The lack of ercp training opportunities for surgical trainees
Authors: HL Adams, SS Jaunoo
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio- Pancreatography (ERCP) training has been widely discussed in a number of reports and was deemed to be unsatisfactory by The UK ERCP Stakeholders Working Party in 2007. Their report was as a result of concerns regarding suboptimal standards of training and insufficient exposure to cases. The aim of this study was to determine the number of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Upper Gastrointestinal (UGI) surgical trainees receiving ERCP training and their satisfaction with training opportunities. <h3>Method</h3> An anonymous, online, non-incentivised questionnaire was distributed via National Research Collaborative leads to surgical trainees in England. The questionnaire assessed; their inclination to offer an ERCP service as a consultant; the degree of satisfaction with their ERCP training; and their attendance at a Joint Advisory Group (JAG) certified ERCP course. <h3>Results</h3> Only responses from surgical trainees with a declared interest in HPB and UGI were included in the analysis. 72 responses were received, 41 from HPB trainees and the remaining 31 from UGI trainees. 29 HPB and 16 UGI trainees intended to offer ERCP when appointed as a Consultant. 10 trainees (6 HPB, 4 UGI) felt they had adequate opportunities for ERCP training. Free text analysis revealed that respondents felt ERCP training was geared more towards gastroenterology trainees and regular sessions were difficult to come by. 12 respondents had attended a JAG certified ERCP course. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This survey demonstrates the difficulties faced by surgical trainees in obtaining ERCP training. The general consensus is that ERCP training is mainly organised for gastroenterology trainees. A level of frustration was noted at the lack of consistent, dedicated training opportunities which also formed one of the reasons as to why some trainees did not intend to offer this service once in a Consultant post. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
SP0106 Myositis: In Search of the Right Treatment
Authors: M. De Visser
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) in adults are a heterogenic group of disorders characterized by muscle inflammation and progressive muscle weakness. IIM is composed of polymyositis (PM) which is extremely rare, (clinically amyopathic) dermatomyositis (DM), nonspecific or overlap myositis (NSM/OM), and necrotizing autoimmune myopathy (NAM) which have a subacute onset, and chronic sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM). Oral high dose (1-1.5 mg/kg) prednisone is the mainstay of treatment in (sub)acute IIM. After 4-6 weeks the dose is usually tapered off over the course of 1-1.5 year. This treatment causes considerable adverse effects with long-term use, and often relapses occur during tapering. Monthly pulsed therapy with dexamethasone may be an alternative since this intervention was equally effective but patients experienced fewer side effects. Immunosuppressive agents, such as azathioprine or methotrexate are often used in case of relapse, as steroid-sparing agent, or in case of rapidly progressive disease. However no trials have shown the superiority of one agent over the other. In patients with refractory or severe disease intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), intravenous methylprednisolone, rituximab or enteracept can be considered, albeit the evidence is not very solid. Recently, a potential novel treatment of IBM was reported. A single dose of intravenously administered bimagrumab was found to increase thigh muscle volume at 8 weeks, and showed trends in improvement for strength and function during the subsequent 24 weeks of observation. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Intrinsic Subgroups or Individual Biomarkers for Predicting Outcome of Metastatic Breast Cancer?
Authors: Mitchell Dowsett
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Results of a 12-month long enhanced surveillance of listeriosis in Italy
Authors: M Gianfranceschi, A Gattuso, M C D'Ottavio, S Fokas, P Aureli
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2007)

Since 1993, the reporting of listeriosis has been mandatory in Italy. The surveillance system based on case notifications from physicians is managed by the Ministry of Health. The information collected includes only gender, age and case distribution by region. To gather more information, an active surveillance was conducted for 12 months (2002-2003). All hospital microbiological laboratories in Italy (n=103) were given clinical and food questionnaires and were requested to report positive cases and send strains for testing. A higher number of cases of listeriosis were reported by this active surveillance compared to the mandatory notifications. In addition, information on risk factors, clinical symptoms and outcomes of 77 reported cases were analysed. In one case it was possible to trace the source of infection. Of the 77 cases of listeriosis, 41 Listeria monocytogenes isolates were characterised by serotype and pulsotype. More than 95% of the strains belonged to serotypes 1/2a, 4b and 1/2b; molecular analysis revealed 23 different AscI pulsotypes. The information collected is very important for understanding the real situation of listeriosis in Italy. It can be used to take effective actions in improving food safety and to provide dietary advice to individuals at greater risk of infection.
Permanent Modification (Mutation?) of a Histocompatibility Gene in a Heterozygous Tumor&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Eva Klein, George Klein, László Révész
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1957)

Journal Article Permanent Modification (Mutation?) of a Histocompatibility Gene in a Heterozygous Tumor Get access Eva Klein, Eva Klein Institute for Cell Research and Genetics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar George Klein, George Klein Institute for Cell Research and Genetics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar László Révész László Révész Institute for Cell Research and Genetics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 19, Issue 1, July 1957, Pages 95–114, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/19.1.95 Published: 01 July 1957 Article history Received: 15 April 1957 Published: 01 July 1957
Tumor-like Accumulation on Tl-201 SPECT in Subacute Hemorrhagic Cerebral Infarction
Authors: YUKIKO ARISAKA, YUKO KODAMA, KOICHIRO AYABE, KOTARO HIGASHI, SUZUKA TAKI, MANABU OGUCHI, HISAO TONAMI, ITARU YAMAMOTO, HISASHI TAKADA, HIDEAKI IIZUKA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

ARISAKA, YUKIKO M.D.; KODAMA, YUKO M.D.; AYABE, KOICHIRO M.D.; HIGASHI, KOTARO M.D.; TAKI, SUZUKA M.D.; OGUCHI, MANABU M.D.; TONAMI, HISAO M.D.; YAMAMOTO, ITARU M.D.; TAKADA, HISASHI M.D.; IIZUKA, HIDEAKI M.D. Author Information
Recruitment challenges for clinical trials with novel regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Sweetness Siwendu, Melissa Mitchell, Andreas H. Diacon, Florian von Groote-Bidlingmaier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Drug resistance is a growing public health problem. The World Health Organization reported an estimated 480 000 new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) worldwide in 2013, of which 9% were estimated to be extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB. The prevalence of HIV co-infection among TB patients in the African region is high [1]. In South Africa, 65% of TB patients tested for HIV are HIV-positive [2]. Enrolment criteria of TB drug trials should be reconsidered to include relevant patient populations in early phases <http://ow.ly/U3aoi>
GASTRODUODENAL HEMORRHAGE
Authors: Kh BRAILSKI, Kh MAO, K KHANG
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prostaglandins and Diarrhea
Authors: J D Hydovitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Neither the report by Meyer and Abdel-Bari regarding thyrocalcitonin-like activity in an extract derived from a medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland (March 7, 1968) nor the editorial summarizing the possible roles of thyrocalcitonin in relation to disease mentioned the most recent report of Williams and his associates. Their experience suggests that appreciable amounts of (PGs) prostaglandins were present in tumor tissue in 4 of 7 cases of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Elevated blood levels of PGs were detected in 2 of these patients--both of whom had diarrhea. Although the patient of Meyer and Abdel-Bari was not reported to have had this particular symptom, diarrhea has been described in association with a significant number of medullary carcinomas. The group of long-chain fatty acids classified as PGs has myriads of diverse activites in biologic systems. Stimulation of intestinal smooth muscle is 1 of these, and may be the reason for the otherwise unexplained intestinal hyperactivity. Also, since the assay for thyrocalcitonin is nonspecific, it is conceivable that some of the PGs have a similar acute hypocalcemic and hypophosphatemic effect, although this has apparently not been reported to date.
Digital cholangioscopy: assessing the impact of radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Amy Tyberg, Steven Zerbo, Reem Sharaiha, Michel Kahaleh
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been shown to be an efficacious therapy that improves survival in patients with malignant biliary strictures [1]. Direct cholangioscopy can be useful in confirming a successful response to therapy. We present the case of a patient who underwent RFA of a distal malignant biliary stricture, with cholangioscopic images obtained before and after the procedure confirming successful ablation.
Emergency coronary bypass not associated with preoperative cardiogenic shock in failed angioplasty, after thrombolysis, and for acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: Barner Hb, Lea Jw th, Naunheim Ks, Stoney Ws
Journal: Circulation (1989)

We have reviewed the literature and supplemented it with our own experience to provide a current viewpoint on emergency coronary bypass in three settings in which cardiogenic shock did not exist preoperatively. Acute failure of coronary angioplasty led to emergency operation in 701 patients with 25 (3.6%) deaths. There was a 37.6% incidence of perioperative infarction. Thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction, sometimes followed by angioplasty, led to emergency operation within 8 hours in 145 instances with four (2.1%) deaths. Emergency coronary bypass was primary therapy for 1,051 patients with acute myocardial infarction with 51 (4.9%) hospital deaths. Emergency operation for failed angioplasty is frequently mandated in the setting of surgical standby and iatrogenic ischemia although some operations could be postponed to an elective status. Emergency operation after thrombolytic therapy has been used for unsuccessful angioplasty of the infarct vessel, left main stenosis of greater than 50%, left main equivalent, multivessel disease with complex lesions not amenable to angioplasty, or failure to restore patency of the infarct vessel with thrombolysis. Operation within 12 hours of thrombolytic therapy is associated with a coagulopathy causing increased bleeding, the need for transfusion, and a greater incidence of reoperation for perioperative bleeding.