tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Colonoscopic adverse events during bowel cancer screening programme in north-east italy: a preliminary report
Authors: M. Marino, D. Berretti, R. Maieron, P. Rossitti, M. Zilli
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Bowel cancer is the third most common cancer in Italy with approximately 350 cases every 100.000 inhabitants. The University Hospital of Udine began the Bowel Cancer screening programme in 2008. Subjects aged 50–69 are being invited to complete one single immunochemical faecal immunochemical test (FIT) test every 2 years. At the beginning of this program screening was decided to give priority to subjects aged 60–69 (about 70% of all FIT invitations). Those positive are referred for colonoscopy. The authors review all complications related to their colon cancer programme in their region. <h3>Methods</h3> The authors review data on 962 patients (596 male, 366 female, medium age 62.39) referred to screening colonoscopy in their centre from June 2008 to October 2010. Data, included complications, was collected prospectively and stored in their screening database. <h3>Results</h3> All colonscopies were performed in the morning. Completion rate (caecal or terminal ileum intubation) was 96%. Only low bowel preparation quality (quantify by Boston score) and stenosing neoplasia impacted the completion rate. Among the 962 screening colonoscopy cancer was detected in 79 (8.2%) and polyps in 425 subjects (44.2%). In the latest group in almost all cases the authors performed polipectomy in the same session. All complications occurred only during operative colonoscopy in patients with an average age of 63.46 (8/5 M/F): early bleeding in 7 patients (0.72%) and late bleeding in 4 patients (0.42%) controlled endoscopically in 9 (most of the cases with endoclips) and conservatively in 2. The authors had only 1 postpolypectomy syndrome treated conservatively (0.1%) and 1 perforation who required surgery (0.1%). Transfusion required in only 1 postpolypectomy bleeding. No death at 30 days follow-up (see figure 1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Overall bleeding risk (including small bleeds without transfusion) was 1:137 patients requiring polypectomy and admission risk was 0.62% with an average of 4 days of hospitalisation. Only 1 patient undergoing polypectomy required transfusion (∼1:1000). Postpolypectomy syndrome was recorded in 1 patient (0.1%) and it was conservatively treated. Perforation risk was 1:1000 colonoscopies and in our case not related to operative colonoscopy (diverticulum perforation). This patient required surgery with subsequent positive outcome. No procedure related mortality was recorded. Despite a higher therapeutic load in the our Bowel Screening programme cohort, the risk of significant complications was within acceptable ranges.
Albert Patrick Dignan
Authors: F. Dignan
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Albert Patrick Dignan was appointed Queen’s Honorary Surgeon in 1973.While he acquired vast knowledge and experience in the surgical management of trauma, particularly gunshot wounds, he was also a highly skilled and versatile general surgeon.

Patrick, as he preferred to be called, was born in Dublin and—in common with his four brothers—grew up to be a doctor. He was awarded a medical scholarship to Trinity College, Dublin. During his time there he was appointed a demonstrator in anatomy and from then on his ambition was to be a surgeon. In 1947 he became a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland.

He decided to gain further surgical experience in England and was appointed resident surgical officer at the Royal Infirmary, Wigan. Dignan enjoyed the odd flutter on the horses, and while working in Wigan he decided to take the opportunity of going to the Grand National at Aintree. Several of his colleagues from the hospital, who were unable to attend the race meeting, gave him money to put on a horse called Sheila’s Cottage. Dignan’s father took the ferry over from Dublin, and they met in a bar at the course, but so busy were they regaling each other with their news, that Dignan didn’t place the bets on in time. Sheila’s Cottage romped home at 66-1. It cost him several months of his wages to pay out his colleagues’ winnings.

In 1950 he was informed by the War Office that he either had to do his national service or return to Ireland. He chose the former and soon found himself posted to Malaya, where the British …
Abstract 4327: Loss of the APC tumor suppressor alters breast cancer cell migration and invasion
Authors: Matthew A. Odenwald, Jenifer R. Prosperi, Kathleen H. Goss
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Metastasis is responsible for the majority of deaths attributable to cancer, but the molecular events that drive the metastatic phenotype are not completely understood. The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor is frequently inactivated in colorectal cancer as well as other tumor types, such as breast cancer, and has been implicated specifically in early tumor progression. However, it is not known whether APC also plays an important role in the later stages of cancer pathogenesis, including invasion and metastasis. Preliminary data indicated that transient knockdown of APC in 4T07 mouse mammary tumor cells led to marked morphological changes from mesenchymal-like to epithelial-like phenotypes, leading to the hypothesis that APC can effect the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition and may alter cancer metastasis. To test this hypothesis, 4T07 cells were stably infected with lentiviral APC short-hairpin (sh)RNAs, and knockdown of APC expression was verified by quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence (IF) with an APC antibody. We found that APC depletion altered the mesenchymal morphology of these cells to a more epithelial phenotype. The localization of β-catenin at the ends of cell protrusions was dependent on APC; however, APC knockdown did not result in cytosolic or nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. Consistent with the observed morphology change, APC depletion significantly impaired the ability of 4T07 cells to migrate in wound-filling assays and invade through a Matrigel-coated membrane. Together, these results suggest that APC loss impacts the morphology, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells, all key features of metastatic capacity. Current efforts are aimed at uncovering the mechanism by which APC alters these properties and translating these findings to our understanding of breast cancer metastasis in vivo. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4327. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4327
Testosterone Treatment in Adolescent Boys with Constitutional Delay in Growth and Development
Authors: Robert A. Richman, Lisa R. Kirsch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

The administration of androgens to adolescent boys with constitutional delay in growth has been highly controversial because of the possibility of premature epiphyseal closure and reduced final height. We have treated 15 such boys with a mean (+/- SD) age of 14.1 +/- 1.0 years and a mean initial height of 142.2 +/- 8.6 cm (range, 127.1 to 156.2). The boys received monthly intramuscular injections of testosterone enanthate (50 mg) for 1.2 +/- 0.3 years. The mean height velocity rose from the 3rd percentile for mean skeletal age to above the 90th percentile, where it remained throughout treatment. Although skeletal maturation accelerated initially in the seven boys with a skeletal age under the pretreatment group mean of 11.3 years, it advanced normally in the others. The concomitant increase in stature was sufficient to offset the advancement in skeletal age in most boys, so that the mean predicted adult height was essentially unaffected. Sexual maturation also progressed; testicular volume increased from 5.9 +/- 2.7 to 11.3 +/- 2.7 ml. After treatment, the skeletal age advanced normally and sexual development continued. Eight of the boys are now 18.1 +/- 0.5 years of age and have stopped growing; their present mean height (167.6 +/- 4.7 cm) is very close to their pretreatment predicted height of 168.0 +/- 5.6 cm. We conclude that low-dose testosterone treatment is effective in adolescent boys with delayed growth and development and that it does not appear to compromise final adult height.
Panel Urges Further Research On Gulf War Illness, Possible Increased Cancer Risks in Veterans
Authors: J. Mathews
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Panel Urges Further Research On Gulf War Illness, Possible Increased Cancer Risks in Veterans Get access James Mathews James Mathews Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 11, 1 June 1994, Pages 820–822, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.11.820 Published: 01 June 1994
PWE-142 Is Liver Disease Overlooked In Patients With Psoriasis?
Authors: J Ooi, S Chinthapalli, E O’Toole, W Alazawi
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Elevated transaminases (e.g., ALT) are frequently identified in various medical specialties, but the significance of abnormalities is often unclear. Patients with psoriasis are at higher risk of abnormal ALT due to drug-induced liver toxicity and alcohol excess. Recent reports highlight the association of psoriasis with metabolic syndrome, and suggest that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is more common in patients with psoriasis compared to the general population. Our aim was to determine (1) the prevalence and extent of raised ALT in a psoriasis clinic, (2) the degree to which such abnormalities are investigated and (3) the common causes identified. <h3>Methods</h3> We undertook a retrospective analysis of adult patients with psoriasis followed up at the Royal London Hospital between Aug-Nov 2013. Electronic records were searched for demographics, blood results, hepatological investigations, psoriasis treatments, metabolic risk factors (diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, obesity), and alcohol intake. Elevated ALT was defined as &gt;40 U/L for men, &gt;35 U/L for women. The FIB-4 score was calculated to estimate risk of fibrosis. <h3>Results</h3> Electronic records for 200 patients with psoriasis were reviewed. 57% (n = 114) were male, median age 43 years (range 17–81). 48% were Caucasian, 22% Bangladeshi, 12% Indian, 6% Pakistani and 6% Afro-Caribbean. LFTs were performed in 80.5% of patients (n = 161), of whom 37% (n = 59) had abnormal ALT on ≥2 occasions (mean peak ALT 91, SD 63). 9 of these patients were on medication associated with deranged LFTs (4 on acitretin; 5 on methotrexate with persistently raised PIIINP). A further 15 patients drank excess alcohol. 3 patients (5% of 21 tested) had viral hepatitis (1 HBV, 2 HCV). Of the remaining 32 with unexplained elevated ALT, only 8 patients had a liver ultrasound (25%), of whom 4 had signs of NAFLD. In addition, it is probable that another 17 patients who had negative liver screens but not had an ultrasound also have NAFLD. Therefore the estimated prevalence of NAFLD among psoriasis patients with raised ALT is 36% (21/59). There was no significant difference in age, sex or ethnicity between this group and the total psoriasis population. Sufficient data were available to calculate FIB-4 scores in 12 of these 21 patients. 2 had scores that suggest moderate or advanced fibrosis, and warrant further investigation. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patients with psoriasis often have LFTs measured. These are often abnormal but under-investigated despite potentially representing significant, treatable disease. We identified a gap between LFT testing and screening for liver diseases, particularly viral hepatitis and NAFLD. There is a need for evidence-based guidance on investigation and referral in patients with deranged LFTs. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Transplantation of Cord-Blood Stem Cells into a Patient with Severe Thalassemia
Authors: Surapol Issaragrisil, Sanan Visuthisakchai, Vinai Suvatte, Voravarn S. Tanphaichitr, Dasnayanee Chandanayingyong, Thomas Schreiner, Sujin Kanokpongsakdi, Noppadol Siritanaratkul, Anong Piankijagum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Several different kinds of thalassemia and hemoglobinopathy are prevalent in Southeast Asia.1,2 The frequency of the α-thalassemias reaches 30 to 40 percent in northern Thailand, whereas the β-thalassemias occur at a frequency of 3 to 9 percent. Hemoglobin E, the hallmark hemoglobinopathy of Southeast Asia, occurs at a frequency of 50 to 60 percent at the junction of Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia. Mutation and gene interaction account for more than 60 different clinical syndromes. Of these, homozygous β-thalassemia and hemoglobin E –β-thalassemia disease are the most common and the most severe clinical syndromes compatible with live birth. Hemoglobin E–β-thalassemia . . .
Sigmoidorectal intussusception caused by a malignant tumor of the sigmoid colon: computed tomography with three-dimensional reconstruction
Authors: J. Moon, C. Park, K. Kim, T. Hahn, K. Yoo, S. Park, J. Kim, C. Park
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Intussusceptions in adults are relatively rare but in 70 % - 90 % of cases there is a demonstrable cause, and about 40 % of them are caused by malignant neoplasms [1] [2]. Diagnosis using conventional diagnostic techniques can be difficult because of the low incidence and consequently a low index of suspicion for intussusception in adults. Computed tomography is now widely used in the evaluation of abdominal masses and nonspecific abdominal pain and these can be the first presenting signs of an intussusception [2]. However, computed tomography is seldom successful in determining the specific causes of the intussusception, because the lead point in many cases is small and often hidden within the intussuscepted mass [3]. We used three-dimensional reconstruction of conventional computed tomographic images in an attempt to better evaluate the cause of an intussusception.
PTH-075 You’Ve Gut Mail: A Gastroenterology Email Helpline Is Efficient and Cost-Effective in Resolving Patient Queries and Reducing Non-Elective Inpatient Bed Days
Authors: J L S Ooi, M Vinayaga-Pavan, D C K Koh, V Morgan, V S Wong
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Electronic patient-provider communication may be a convenient, cost-effective complement to standard healthcare services<sup>1</sup>. We piloted a dedicated gastroenterology (GI) email helpline to increase accessibility for patients and medical colleagues seeking specialist advice. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective study of activity records of our GI specialist nurse-led email helpline across 40 months (Jan 2008-Jul 2010; Feb-Dec 2012). Data for 2012 was analysed to demonstrate efficiency. From our highest frequency user group – inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients – we identified a cohort of 21 users that had contact with our department 6 months before their index email, comparing hospital utilisation rates then and in the 6 months afterward (post-intervention). Analysis was by Mann-Whitney and χ² tests. Cost savings were estimated based on Department of Health Reference Costs 2011/12. <h3>Results</h3> The helpline received 264 emails from 153 users over 40 months: 73% from patients, 20% from GPs, 7% from others. Of 126 patients, 57% were female, 43% male. Mean age was 42.4 years (range 18–82 years). 2012 data analysis: Of 72 email queries, 72% were successfully resolved electronically. Mean turnaround time was 2.2 working days (range 0–9). 69% (50 emails) concerned general advice, medications or results, queries that are conventionally handled in outpatients (OP; £141/appointment) or in telephone clinic (TC; £55/appointment). Only 8.5% of email queries subsequently required TC encounters; another 10% proceeded to OP. By approximating 1 hour’s work per week for a GI specialist nurse at £22/hour2, we estimate the email service cost £1144 in 2012, plus £1317 for ensuing TCs and OPs, a total of £2461. This compares favourably to £2750 to answer the 50 queries by TC alone, or £7050 by OP alone. Highest uptake was among the IBD subgroup: 49 users generated 129 emails over 40 months. In the 6 months pre- &amp; post-index email, our identified cohort (n = 21) had similar rates of clinic attendance (41 vs 53 appts, p &gt; 0.05), DNAs (3 vs 3) and A&amp;E attendance (4 vs 0 visits, p &gt; 0.05). Reduction in non-elective inpatient bed days was significant (34 vs 4 days, p &lt; 0.0001; £271/day), representing savings of £8130 over 6 months. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our GI email helpline has proven to be popular and economical. Most queries were resolved electronically, significantly reducing unscheduled inpatient bed days. We are planning a user satisfaction survey to measure quality. A prospective study is warranted as our service expands. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Impact of electronic messaging on the patient-physician interaction. Wallweiner M<i> et al.</i> J Telemed Telecare. 2009; 15(5):243–250 Royal College of Nursing (2012) Inflammatory bowel disease nursing<i>,</i> London: RCN. Publication code 004 197
Squamous cell carcinoma of the sigmoid colon arising on base of a nonpolypoid tubulovillous adenoma
Authors: Helmut Neumann, Michael Vieth
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Colonoscopy represents the gold standard for screening and surveillance of colorectal polyps [1]. Of note, retrieval of the resected specimen is of paramount importance, as histopathological analysis gives additional information regarding the polyp's entity and the resection status [2].
A Prospective Comparison of High-Resolution Planar, Pinhole, and Triple-Detector SPECT for the Detection of Renal Cortical Defects
Authors: KIMBERLY E. APPLEGATE, LEONARD P. CONNOLLY, ROYAL T. DAVIS, DAVID ZURAKOWSKI, S. T. TREVES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

To compare the detection rate of renal cortical defects with Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) using triple-detector SPECT, pinhole, and planar cortical scintigraphy, the authors prospectively studied 80 kidneys in 40 patients (26 males, 14 females) who ranged in age from 3 months to 26 years (mean: 7.5 years). They found single or multiple definite defects in 30 kidneys using SPECT, 23 using pinhole imaging, and 17 using planar imaging(McNemar's test, two-tailed, P < 0.001 and P = 0.03, respectively). SPECT was significantly better than pinhole imaging at demonstrating definite defects (P = 0.008). This study indicates that SPECT, and to a lesser extent pinhole, are superior to planar imaging for conclusively demonstrating renal cortical defects.
Diagnosis of Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas by Fine Needle Aspiration Guided by Endoscopic Ultrasound and Histopathologic correlation: report of two cases
Authors: W Wever, ML Clavo, ME Ruiz, Y Madrid, C Gamez
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Introduction: Pseudopapillary solid malignancies are extremely rare and account for 0.17% –2.7% of all endocrine tumors of the pancreas, having a low grade malignancy and generally described in adolescents and young women; they are located mostly in the body and tail of the pancreas. Two cases of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm diagnosed by EUS-FNA (endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle aspiration) are described.
THU0289 Possible Preventive Effect of Salazosulfapyridine on the Development of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: K. Mizushina, T. Ogura, A. Hirata, N. Hayashi, H. Kameda
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<b>1497</b> <h3><b>Objectives</b></h3> Accurate, patient specific dosimetry in nuclear medicine therapy is an important step for treatment optimization. We customized FLUKA Monte Carlo code to perform 3D dosimetry by direct simulation on SPECT/PET-CT images. FLUKA results were compared to those from Voxel Kernel Convolution (VKC), MCNP5 and the EGS-based 3D-dosimetry software, 3D-RD. <h3><b>Methods</b></h3> We modified FLUKA routines to import the diagnostic images as simulation input. Simulations for 90Y were done on PET images of two phantoms, filled with only water or with air and bony inserts, and both: a) assuming uniform density water medium, b) including voxelized CT-based density map. FLUKA dose maps were compared to those from VKC (S factors calculated with FLUKA) for case a) only, and 3D-RD and MCNP5 for both cases. The ratio between two dose maps was calculated and the average value among the voxels within Volumes of Interest was recorded. <h3><b>Results</b></h3> For the water phantom, with 10^8 primary particles: a) uniform density: FLUKA / VKC R = (1.0 ± 0.02) FLUKA / 3D-RD R = (1.0 ± 0.11) FLUKA / MCNP R = (1.02 ± 0.1) b) with CT: FLUKA / 3D-RD R = (1.0 ± 0.04) FLUKA / MCNP R = (0.99 ± 0.1). <h3><b>Conclusions</b></h3> FLUKA properly performs direct simulation on SPECT-PET/CT images. Results are found in good agreement with those from other validated codes. We conclude that FLUKA is a valuable tool for patient specific dosimetry
Dysfunctional attitudes in depressed patients before and after clinical treatment and in normal control subjects
Authors: E D Peselow, C Robins, P Block, F Barouche, R R Fieve
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

To evaluate the role of maladaptive thinking patterns in depression, the authors administered the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale to 112 depressed patients before and after 3-6 weeks of treatment with antidepressants or placebo. Twenty-two normal subjects were also assessed twice. Depressed patients had a significantly higher initial mean score than control subjects, but during treatment their score significantly decreased, and the posttreatment score of those with complete recoveries was nearly as low as the control subjects' final score. The higher the initial dysfunctional attitude score the poorer the response to treatment. Patients with endogenous depression had significantly lower scores than nonendogenously depressed patients.