tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
After commissioner, what?
Authors: M Greenblatt, K D Gaver, E Sherwood
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

One hundred nine psychiatrists who had been commissioners of state departments of mental health answered a questionnaire about their experiences after being commissioners. Most of these former commissioners got jobs they wanted after leaving the post. Those who experienced "decompression" adjustment difficulties tended to be less satisfied with subsequent jobs and were willing to serve again as commissioner. An important factor in decompression was a sense of loss and depression over having to abandon important unfinished work. The authors speculate that the large-scale opportunities for challenge and mastery characteristic of the job of commissioner are rarely matched in subsequent jobs.
Lithium prophylaxis of depression in unipolar, bipolar II, and cyclothymic patients
Authors: E D Peselow, D L Dunner, R R Fieve, A Lautin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

The authors assessed lithium's prophylactic effect against depression in unipolar (N = 43), bipolar II (N = 102), and cyclothymic (N = 69) patients using a longitudinal life-table analysis and calculated the probability of remaining free of a depressive episode. The probability of remaining free of one depressive episode after 2 years of taking lithium ranged from 42% to 55% for the bipolar II patients, 31% to 42% for the unipolar patients, and 26% to 36% for the cyclothymic patients. The average probability of suffering one depressive episode severe enough to require either pharmacologic intervention or hospitalization in a 2-year period was 51% for the bipolar II patients, 64% for the unipolar patients, and 69% for the cyclothymic patients.
Invasive Fibrous Thyroiditis (Riedel's Struma)
Authors: Edward Rose
Journal: JAMA (1961)

INVASIVE fibrous thyroiditis, first described by Riedel<sup>1</sup>in 1896, is also known as Riedel's struma, woody or ligneous thyroiditis, and "eisenhart" goiter. It is characterized by the slowly progressive invasion of part of or all the thyroid and adjacent cervical tissues by dense fibrous or collagenous connective tissue. It is an uncommon disease, and its etiology remains unknown. The case described herein is reported because of several unusual features. These included the acute onset of symptoms with pain and tenderness in the thyroid area, the remarkable size of the struma, and the presence of thyroglobulin antibodies in significant titer in the patient's serum. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 24-year-old woman was first seen on June 16, 1955, complaining of fatigue, occipital headaches, and a tender, painful swelling in the neck. The onset, 6 weeks earlier, had followed several months of fatigue and was marked by fever, malaise, and
Associations of Peripubertal Serum Dioxin and Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations with Pubertal Timing among Russian Boys
Authors: Jane S. Burns, Mary M. Lee, Paige L. Williams, Susan A. Korrick, Oleg Sergeyev, Thuy Lam, Boris Revich, Russ Hauser
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Background:Dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like, have been linked to alterations in puberty.Objectives:We examined the association of peripubertal serum levels of these compounds [and their toxic equivalents (TEQs)] with pubertal onset and maturity among Russian boys enrolled at ages 8–9 years and followed prospectively through ages 17–18 years.Methods:At enrollment, 473 boys had serum dioxin-like compounds and PCBs measured. At the baseline visit and annually until age 17–18 years, a physician performed pubertal staging [genitalia (G), pubarche (P), and testicular volume (TV)]. Three hundred fifteen subjects completed the follow-up visit at 17–18 years of age. Pubertal onset was defined as TV > 3 mL, G2, or P2. Sexual maturity was defined as TV ≥ 20 mL, G5, or P5. Multivariable interval-censored models were used to evaluate associations of lipid-standardized concentrations with pubertal timing.Results:Medians (interquartile ranges) of the sum of dioxin-like compounds, TEQs, and non-dioxin-like PCBs were 362 pg/g lipid (279–495), 21.1 pg TEQ/g lipid (14.4–33.2), and 250 ng/g lipid (164–395), respectively. In adjusted models, the highest compared to lowest TEQ quartile was associated with later pubertal onset [TV = 11.6 months (95% CI: 3.8, 19.4); G2 = 10.1 months (95% CI: 1.4, 18.8)] and sexual maturity [TV = 11.6 months (95% CI: 5.7, 17.6); G5 = 9.7 months (95% CI: 3.1, 16.2)]. However, the highest compared to the lowest quartile of non-dioxin-like PCBs, when co-adjusted by TEQs, was associated with earlier pubertal onset [TV = –8.3 months (95% CI:–16.2, –0.3)] and sexual maturity [TV = –6.3 months (95% CI:–12.2, –0.3); G5 = –7.2 months (95% CI:–13.8, –0.6)]; the non-dioxin-like PCB associations were only significant when adjusted for TEQs. TEQs and PCBs were not significantly associated with pubic hair development.Conclusions:Our results suggest that TEQs may delay, while non-dioxin-like PCBs advance, the timing of male puberty.Citation:Burns JS, Lee MM, Williams PL, Korrick SA, Sergeyev O, Lam T, Revich B, Hauser R. 2016. Associations of peripubertal serum dioxin and polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations with pubertal timing among Russian boys. Environ Health Perspect 124:1801–1807; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP154
A phase II study of loratidine (L) to prevent pegfilgrastim-induced pain (PIP).
Authors: J. J. Kirshner, C. E. Heckler, S. Tiffany, C. Reichel, C. McAuliffe, G. R. Morrow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

e19704 Background: We have previously demonstrated in 510 cancer patients that pretreatment with naproxen (N) can decrease the incidence, intensity and duration of PIP, but the pain was not completely prevented (ASCO 2010; abstract 9014). L has been reported by pts, particularly on the internet (over 11,600 results on a recent Google search), as an effective preventive agent for PIP. Therefore, we initiated a Phase II study in pts receiving their first dose of N. Methods: Methodology was identical to that in our aforementioned randomized trial. Forty pts with nonmyeloid cancers receiving their first dose of pegfilgrastim (P) were treated with 10 mg of L on the morning before their injection of P and took L for the next 5 days (and up to 8 days if they developed persistent PIP). Pts recorded pain severity and duration in diaries, grading pain on a 1-10 scale. Primary outcome measure was the AUC (days on X axis; severity on Y axis) for pain on Days1-5. Results: 38 eligible pts were entered and analyzed. One pt was ineligible and another withdrew consent. There were 17 males and 21 females with age range of 43-82 years(mean 63.7).Cancers included: 14 lung, 9 lymphoma, 9 breast, 4 GU, 1 GI and 1 GYN. 11 pts never experienced pain whereas 27 pts had at least one day of PIP (21 mild and 6 severe [>5 on a 1-10 scale). 26 pts required analgesia for the pain, mainly acetaminophen with a narcotic. There were no adverse events reported. When compared to the pts on the prior randomized trial, these 38 pts experienced less PIP (mean AUC 6.46 [4.05,8.87]) than the placebo group ( 7.71 [6.59,8.84]), but more pain than the N group (6.04 [4.94,7.14]). The relatively small numbers in this pilot study preclude a meaningful statistical analysis. Conclusions: L appears to be an effective and safe drug to help prevent PIP. We are currently conducting a Phase II trial employing the same methodology to study the combination of L and N.
Evaluation of diagnostic investigations used in breast cancer patients resident in Latina province during three years follow up after diagnosis
Authors: S. Busco, I. Sperduti, G. Pistillucci, C. Cirino, N. Salesi, V. Sciacca, B. Di Cocco, A. Ciorra, T. Di Palma, R. Rossi, F. Calabretta, F. Cardillo, S. Fattoruso, M. Fiori, D. Burchi, F. Pannozzo, F. Albertoni, E. Veltri
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
IL-10 induces the development of immunosuppressive CD14+HLA-DRlow/− monocytes in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: B Xiu, Y Lin, D M Grote, S C Ziesmer, M P Gustafson, M L Maas, Z Zhang, A B Dietz, L F Porrata, A J Novak, A-B Liang, Z-Z Yang, S M Ansell
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2015)

The biological role of monocytes and macrophages in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is not fully understood. We have previously reported that monocytes from patients with B-cell NHL have an immunosuppressive CD14(+)HLA-DR(low/-) phenotype that correlates with a poor prognosis. However, the underlying mechanism by which CD14(+)HLA-DR(low/-) monocytes develop in lymphoma is unknown. In the present study, we found that interleukin (IL)-10, which is increased in the serum of patients with B-cell NHL, induced the development of the CD4(+)HLA-DR(low/-) population. Using peripheral blood samples from patients with B-cell NHL, we found that absolute numbers of CD14(+) monocytic cells with an HLA-DR(low/-) phenotype were higher than healthy controls and correlated with a higher International Prognostic Index score. IL-10 serum levels were elevated in lymphoma patients compared with controls and were associated with increased peripheral monocyte counts. Treatment of monocytes with IL-10 in vitro significantly decreased HLA-DR expression and resulted in the expansion of CD14(+)HLA-DR(low/-) population. We found that lymphoma B cells produce IL-10 and supernatants from cultured lymphoma cells increased the CD14(+)HLA-DR(low/-) population. Furthermore, we found that IL-10-induced CD14(+)HLA-DR(low/-) monocytes inhibited the activation and proliferation of T cells. Taken together, these results suggest that elevated IL-10 serum levels contribute to increased numbers of immunosuppressive CD14(+)HLA-DR(low/-) monocytes in B-cell NHL.
The National Cancer Institute: A Twenty-Year Retrospect&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J. R. Heller, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1957)

The National Cancer Institute: A Twenty-Year Retrospect Get access J. R. Heller, M.D. J. R. Heller, M.D. Director National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 19, Issue 2, August 1957, Pages 147–190, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/19.2.147 Published: 01 August 1957
Abstract A50: The identification of an Ets1-driven gene signature in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Christian Gluck, Isha Sethi, Maria Tsompana, Satrajit Sinha
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous disease of significant mortality and morbidity and with limited treatment options. This highlights the urgent need for a better understanding of the underlying biology of HNSCC. Recent genomic analysis of HNSCC tumors has identified four distinct molecular classes, of which the mesenchymal subtype is particularly aggressive in nature and associated with poor survival. We have discovered that Ets1, a prototypic oncogenic transcription factor, is selectively enriched in the mesenchymal HNSCC tumors along with other key drivers of Epithelial to Mesenchymal transition (EMT). Further analysis of gene expression datasets reveals that Ets1 expression, while low in normal epithelium, increases in pre-malignant and malignant tissues, suggesting a possible role for Ets1 during early tumorigenesis. Strikingly, Kaplan Meier analysis shows that Ets1 expression is associated with both poor survival in HNSCC and high incidence of tumor recurrence. We have performed hierarchical clustering of 33 HNSCC cell lines to show that these cell lines exhibit gene expression profiles that are representative of the four tumor subtypes. To better understand the Ets1-driven molecular processes in EMT high tumors, we have utilized SCC25, a mesenchymal HNSCC cell line to perform global transcriptomic analysis of effects of Ets1 knockdown. Additionally, we have also performed ChIP-seq experiments to identify genome wide transcriptional targets of Ets1 in SCC25. Taken together, these studies have uncovered an Ets1 intrinsic core gene signature that can serve as a valuable tool for further tumor classification and cancer-specific pathway discovery. Interestingly, by cross-referencing with the Cancer Genome Atlas HNSCC RNA-Seq dataset, we demonstrate that Ets1 expression is highly correlated with the majority of the Ets1 signature target genes thus reinforcing a functional relationship. Collectively, our findings not only identify several Ets1 dependent genes that are key to initiating and maintaining EMT in HNSCC, but also unearth novel targets that can be exploited for future therapeutics against this deadly cancer. Citation Format: Christian Gluck, Isha Sethi, Maria Tsompana, Satrajit Sinha. The identification of an Ets1-driven gene signature in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Sep 24-27, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A50.
Polydopamine Nanoparticles as a Versatile Molecular Loading Platform to Enable Imaging-guided Cancer Combination Therapy
Authors: Ziliang Dong, Hua Gong, Min Gao, Wenwen Zhu, Xiaoqi Sun, Liangzhu Feng, Tingting Fu, Yonggang Li, Zhuang Liu
Journal: Theranostics (2016)

Cancer combination therapy to treat tumors with different therapeutic approaches can efficiently improve treatment efficacy and reduce side effects.Herein, we develop a theranostic nano-platform based on polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles, which then are exploited as a versatile carrier to allow simultaneous loading of indocyanine green (ICG), doxorubicin (DOX) and manganese ions (PDA-ICG-PEG/DOX(Mn)), to enable imaging-guided chemo & photothermal cancer therapy.In this system, ICG acts as a photothermal agent, which shows red-shifted near-infrared (NIR) absorbance and enhanced photostability compared with free ICG.DOX, a model chemotherapy drug, is then loaded onto the surface of PDA-ICG-PEG with high efficiency.With Mn 2+ ions intrinsically chelated, PDA-ICG-PEG/DOX(Mn) is able to offer contrast under T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.In a mouse tumor model, the MR imaging-guided combined chemo-& photothermal therapy achieves a remarkable synergistic therapeutic effect compared with the respective single treatment modality.This work demonstrates that PDA nanoparticles could serve as a versatile molecular loading platform for MR imaging guided combined chemo-& photothermal therapy with minimal side effects, showing great potential for cancer theranostics.
Steroid receptors and hormone receptivity. New approaches in pharmacology and therapeutics
Authors: E. E. Baulieu
Journal: JAMA (1975)

HORMONES are informational molecules. These chemical messengers must find, in the target cells, specific recognition mechanisms that will select them appropriately from all other components of the milieu interieur. These recognition mechanisms, which involve binding sites (r on Fig 1) of very high affinity (dissociation constant, KD, between 0.1 and 10 nanomolar [nM], adjusted to the low concentration of hormones in the plasma) and strict (stereo) specificity, constitute the primary function of receptors. We know that the catalytic sites of enzymes also display specificity, but the affinity is 104times lower than that of the hormone-receptor binding sites, since substrates such as sugars, amino acids, or lipids are found there in higher concentration and then transformed into products. In contrast, the interaction of hormones with their receptors does not alter their chemical composition per se; it is a purely physical phenomenon.  Receptors  The capacity for specific binding, even
Echocardiographic Predictors of Mortality in Adults With a Fontan Circulation
Authors: Rachael Cordina, Katherine von Klemperer, Aleksander Kempny, Cathy West, Roxy Senior, David S. Celermajer, Michael A. Gatzoulis, Sonya V. Babu-Narayan, Wei Li
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2016)
Fertility-Sparing Surgery in Early-Stage Cervical Cancer: Indications and Applications
Authors: Nadeem R. Abu-Rustum, Yukio Sonoda
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2010)

This article describes the surgical and pathologic findings of fertility-sparing radical trachelectomy using a standardized surgical technique, and reports the rate of posttrachelectomy outcomes. The authors analyzed a prospectively maintained database of all patients with FIGO stage IA1-IB1 cervical cancer admitted to the operating room for planned fertility-sparing radical abdominal trachelectomy. Sentinel node mapping was performed through cervical injection. Between November 2001 and May 2010, 98 consecutive patients with FIGO stage IA1-IB1 cervical cancer and a median age of 32 years (range, 6-45 years) underwent a fertility-sparing radical trachelectomy. The most common histology was adenocarcinoma in 54 patients (55%) and squamous carcinoma in 42 (43%). Lymph-vascular invasion was seen in 38 patients (39%). FIGO stages included IA1 (with lymph-vascular invasion) in 10 patients (10%), IA2 in 9 (9%), and IB1 in 79 (81%). Only 15 (15%) needed immediate completion radical hysterectomy because of intraoperative findings. Median number of nodes evaluated was 22 (range, 3-54), and 16 (16%) patients had positive pelvic nodes on final pathology. Final trachelectomy pathology showed no residual disease in 44 (45%) cases, dysplasia in 5 (5%), and adenocarcinoma in situ in 3 (3%). Overall, 27 (27%) patients needed hysterectomy or adjuvant pelvic radiation postoperatively. One (1%) documented recurrence was fatal at the time of this report. Cervical adenocarcinoma and lymph-vascular invasion are common features of patients selected for radical trachelectomy. Most patients can undergo the operation successfully with many having no residual invasive disease; however, nearly 27% of all selected cases will require hysterectomy or postoperative chemoradiation for oncologic reasons. Investigation into alternative fertility-sparing adjuvant therapy in patients with node-positive disease is needed.
Metabolic Surgery for Type 2 Diabetes: Changing the Landscape of Diabetes Care
Authors: William T. Cefalu, Francesco Rubino, David E. Cummings
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

The accelerating pandemic of diabetes is recognized as one of the greatest global public health threats of our time (1). When one reviews the latest estimates for diabetes prevalence and projections worldwide, it is easy to appreciate the magnitude of the problem facing us not only today but also for generations to come. Given the microvascular and macrovascular complications associated with this disease, as well as the resulting morbidity and mortality, the personal, medical, and societal costs are enormous (2,3). In addition, despite continuing advances in diabetes pharmacotherapy, fewer than half of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) attain therapeutic goals designed to reduce long-term risks of complications, especially for glycemic control (4–6), and lifestyle interventions are disappointing in the long term (7). In facing these challenges, it is imperative that interventions that may interdict the disease process and complement existing therapies be expeditiously advanced into clinical practice while also balancing the costs attributed to each intervention.

This month’s issue of Diabetes Care includes 11 articles that report the latest data supporting bariatric/metabolic surgery as a new treatment option in the management of T2D. In the centerpiece of this collection, Rubino et al. (8) report new evidence-based guidelines for surgical treatment of T2D, writing on behalf of 48 voting delegates (75% are nonsurgeons) of the 2nd Diabetes Surgery Summit (DSS-II), an international consensus conference organized in collaboration with major diabetes organizations. These recommendations, endorsed thus far by 45 international professional societies [see Table 1, Rubino et al. (8)], reflect a large body of evidence demonstrating that several gastrointestinal (GI) operations initially designed to promote weight loss (bariatric surgery) can improve glucose homeostasis more effectively than any known pharmaceutical or behavioral approach (9–24), causing durable remission in many patients with T2D (25,26 …
Inhibitory Receptors and Phosphatases Enable Oncogenic Tyrosine Kinase Signaling In B Cell Lineage Leukemia
Authors: Zhengshan Chen, Seyedmehdi Shojaee, Huimin Geng, Jaewoong Lee, Maike Buchner, Lars Klemm, Clifford A. Lowell, Elisabeth Paietta, Cheryl L. Willman, William L. Carroll, Ari M. Melnick, Jae U. Jung, Hassan Jumaa, John E. Coligan, Silvia Bolland, Tak W. Mak, Markus Muschen
Journal: Blood (2013)
Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: L. David Hillis, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Biochemical TechnicsIt has been known for over 20 years that irreversibly injured myocardial cells release enzymes. In the hours after an acute myocardial infarction, the plasma concentrations of these enzymes gradually rise, reach a peak and then fall progressively. The laboratory measurement of serum enzymes is a standard practice in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) is elevated in the several days after an acute myocardial infarction; this enzyme can be separated into five distinct components or isoenzymes, according to their speed of migration in an electrophoretic field. The myocardium contains predominantly LDH5, although . . .
Safety and Early Oncologic Effectiveness of Primary Robotic Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Testicular Cancer
Authors: Shane M. Pearce, Shay Golan, Michael A. Gorin, Amy N. Luckenbaugh, Stephen B. Williams, John F. Ward, Jeffrey S. Montgomery, Khaled S. Hafez, Alon Z. Weizer, Phillip M. Pierorazio, Mohamad E. Allaf, Scott E. Eggener
Journal: European Urology (2016)
Abstract ES7-3: Adjuvant endocrine therapy: Is the price of forever too high?
Authors: P Niravath
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Over the past several years, new data has emerged which shows the added benefit of more aggressive endocrine therapy for both pre- and post- menopausal women. With increasing use of ovarian suppression in pre-menopausal women and extended adjuvant endocrine therapy across the board, we are seeing subsequent increased toxicity. While these more intensive treatments do offer benefit in certain high-risk populations, they can also significantly decrease quality of life for many women. This talk will discuss how to carefully weigh the risks and benefits of an increasingly aggressive endocrine therapy approach for each patient. We will also discuss how to tailor treatment options to the individual patient and her cancer. Citation Format: Niravath P. Adjuvant endocrine therapy: Is the price of forever too high?. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES7-3.
The Spectrum and Clinical Impact of Epigenetic Modifier Mutations in Myeloma
Authors: Charlotte Pawlyn, Martin F. Kaiser, Christoph Heuck, Lorenzo Melchor, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Shweta S. Chavan, David C. Johnson, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David A. Cairns, Eileen M. Boyle, John R. Jones, Gordon Cook, Mark T. Drayson, Roger G. Owen, Walter M. Gregory, Graham H. Jackson, Bart Barlogie, Faith E. Davies, Brian A. Walker, Gareth J. Morgan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Epigenetic dysregulation is known to be an important contributor to myeloma pathogenesis but, unlike other B-cell malignancies, the full spectrum of somatic mutations in epigenetic modifiers has not been reported previously. We sought to address this using the results from whole-exome sequencing in the context of a large prospective clinical trial of newly diagnosed patients and targeted sequencing in a cohort of previously treated patients for comparison.