tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Linguistic structure emerges through the interaction of memory constraints and communicative pressures
Authors: Molly L Lewis, Michael C Frank
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2016)

Abstract If memory constraints were the only limitation on language processing, the best possible language would be one with only one word. But to explain the rich structure of language, we need to posit a second constraint: the pressure to communicate informatively. Many aspects of linguistic structure can be accounted for by appealing to equilibria that result from these two pressures.
Effects of weight loss on the dexamethasone suppression test
Authors: C K Edelstein, P Roy-Byrne, F I Fawzy, L Dornfeld
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

The authors studied postdexamethasone cortisol secretion in 18 depression-free, healthy, obese subjects before and after weight loss. Although all subjects suppressed cortisol normally before weight loss, 5 of 18 (27.5%) failed to suppress cortisol after an average loss of 13.5 kg. This failure to suppress cortisol was not associated with any change in depression ratings.
Use of Disinfectants in Hospitals
Authors: L Bowley
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Cystinuria-Dent et al.MBITIJOURSNL 7. If you like medical details we will show you on x-ray films what happens to stones made of cystine when their owners do and don't do what they are told. Treatment by Tablets of Sodium BicarbonateWe sometimes advise people to take these tablets in addition to doing the water-drinking routine, never instead of it.The tablets plus water-drinking probably work a little better than the water alone.However, they are more trouble, and there is always the possibility that they are not good for you if taken for a long time.We therefore reserve their use for special situations and will not give you any without explaining this further.
Hypertension
Authors: Lise M. Stevens
Journal: JAMA (2008)

HypertensionY our heart pumping blood through your arteries puts pressure (tension) on the artery walls.Hypertension (high blood pressure) occurs when blood pressure stays elevated over time.The increased pressure puts a strain on your circulatory system, which can ultimately lead to serious problems, such as stroke, heart disease, kidney failure, and blindness.The June 25, 2008, issue of JAMA includes an article about controlling hypertension.This Patient Page is based on one published in the February 27, 2002, issue of JAMA.
AB0574 The Relationship Between Anti-C Reactive Protein (CRP) Antibody and Disease Activity in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: H.-J. Jeong, T.H. Lee, C.-N. Son, J.-M. Kim, H.-S. Kim, S.-H. Kim
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Systemic erythematosus lupus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with multi-organ involvement and diverse autoantibodies are associated with SLE [1]. Recently, many reports have suggested that anti-C reactive protein (CRP) antibody is more prevalent in patients with SLE, and the level of anti-CRP antibody increases when the disease flares up [2]. <h3>Objectives</h3> This study was performed to investigate the relationship between anti-CRP antibody and the disease activity markers in Korean patients with SLE. <h3>Methods</h3> 29 patients with SLE and 30 healthy people were enrolled between April 2014 and November 2014. The presence of anti-CRP antibody was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data on clinical variables and disease activity markers, such as complement, anti-dsDNA antibody, and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) were recorded. <h3>Results</h3> The level of serum anti-CRP antibody in SLE patients was significantly higher than that of healthy controls (p=0.035). However, anti-CRP antibody levels were not positively correlated with the complement levels, the SLEDAI score, and anti-dsDNA antibody levels. And also there was no significant difference in the level of anti-CRP antibody between the patient group with lupus nephritis and the patient group without lupus nephritis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study shows the presence of serum anti-CRP antibody in Korean SLE patients. But there was no significant relationship between anti-CRP antibody and disease activity, lupus nephritis. These findings are not consistent with previous study that anti-CRP antibody is a useful marker to evaluate the disease activity. <h3>References</h3> Shere Y, et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2004;34:501-37. Sjöwall C, et al. Arthritis Res Ther 2004;6:R87-R94. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
The Knapsack
Authors: Frederick Nenner
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Worldwide Exposures to Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Associated Health Effects
Authors: Ioanna Tzoulaki, Paul Elliott, Vasilis Kontis, Majid Ezzati
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Information on exposure to, and health effects of, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors is needed to develop effective strategies to prevent CVD events and deaths. Here, we provide an overview of the data and evidence on worldwide exposures to CVD risk factors and the associated health effects. Global comparative risk assessment studies have estimated that hundreds of thousands or millions of CVD deaths are attributable to established CVD risk factors (high blood pressure and serum cholesterol, smoking, and high blood glucose), high body mass index, harmful alcohol use, some dietary and environmental exposures, and physical inactivity. The established risk factors plus body mass index are collectively responsible for ≈9.7 million annual CVD deaths, with high blood pressure accounting for more CVD deaths than any other risk factor. Age-standardized CVD death rates attributable to established risk factors plus high body mass index are lowest in high-income countries, followed by Latin America and the Caribbean; they are highest in the region of central and eastern Europe and central Asia. However, estimates of the health effects of CVD risk factors are highly uncertain because there are insufficient population-based data on exposure to most CVD risk factors and because the magnitudes of their effects on CVDs in observational studies are likely to be biased. We identify directions for research and surveillance to better estimate the effects of CVD risk factors and policy options for reducing CVD burden by modifying preventable risk factors.
Efficacy and Safety of LixiLan, a Titratable Fixed-Ratio Combination of Lixisenatide and Insulin Glargine, Versus Insulin Glargine in Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Metformin Monotherapy: The LixiLan Proof-of-Concept Randomized Trial
Authors: Julio Rosenstock, Michaela Diamant, Vanita R. Aroda, Louise Silvestre, Elisabeth Souhami, Tianyue Zhou, Riccardo Perfetti, Vivian Fonseca
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

This study assessed the efficacy and safety of LixiLan, a fixed-ratio, titratable, combination of 2 units insulin glargine (Gla-100) and 1 μg lixisenatide administered once daily via a single pen, versus Gla-100 in insulin-naïve type 2 diabetes on metformin.Participants were randomized to once-daily LixiLan (n = 161) or Gla-100 (n = 162) for 24 weeks, while continuing metformin. LixiLan and Gla-100 were started at 10 units/5 μg and 10 units, respectively, and titrated based on the Gla-100 requirement according to fasting plasma glucose levels. The primary objective was to test noninferiority (upper bound of the 95% CI ≤0.4%) of LixiLan in reducing HbA1c; if met, statistical superiority was tested. Secondary objectives included body weight changes, hypoglycemia, and safety.Baseline characteristics (mean age 57 years, diabetes duration 6-7 years, BMI 32 kg/m(2)) were similar between groups. At week 24, mean HbA1c was reduced from 8.0% (64 mmol/mol) at baseline to 6.3% (45 mmol/mol) and 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) with LixiLan and Gla-100, respectively, establishing statistical noninferiority and superiority of LixiLan (least-squared mean [95% CI] difference: -0.17% [-0.31, -0.04] {-1.9 mmol/mol [-3.4, -0.4]}; P = 0.01). HbA1c <7.0% (<53 mmol/mol) was achieved in 84% and 78% of participants (nonsignificant), respectively. LixiLan improved 2-h postmeal plasma glucose versus Gla-100 (least-squared mean difference: -3.17 mmol/L [-57 mg/dL]; P < 0.0001). Body weight was reduced with LixiLan (-1 kg) and increased with Gla-100 (+0.5 kg; P < 0.0001), with no increase in hypoglycemic events (∼25% in each group). The incidence of nausea (7.5%) and vomiting (2.5%) was low with LixiLan.LixiLan achieved statistically significant reductions to near-normal HbA1c levels with weight loss and no increased hypoglycemic risk, compared with insulin glargine alone, and a low incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin.
Varicose Veins
Authors: Jill M. Merrigan, Allen Hamdan, Cassio Lynm, Edward H. Livingston
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Varicose veins are swollen, bulgy, twisted veins that are visible just below the skin's surface. They may cause leg pain and swelling and can be cosmetically unappealing. The December 26, 2012, issue of JAMA includes an article about varicose veins.
Medicine and books: Feed your head
Authors: Tony Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (1998)

More than 100 people have so far responded to our request for suggestions for books to broaden the horizons of doctors and medical students. We started the ball rolling in last year’s Christmas issue by publishing 28 invited selections from a motley assortment of BMJ readers (20-27 December 1997, p 1712). Since then another 76 readers have sent us their lists: 57 submitted directly to our internet website, 19 by more traditional means. 

Special programming of the website allowed a league table to be assembled “on the fly,” changing as each new set of recommendations was added. Readers were asked to provide a line or two explaining their choice, and these were linked to individual titles. If these endorsements whetted other readers’ appetites for the book then they could order it from the website. 

Altogether, the 104 respondents suggested 314 different titles. The outright winner, with 10 nominations, was Jonathan Livingston Seagull. Devotees described it as “memorably touching,” “deceptive in its apparent simplicity,” and “about self transcendence ... we are all capable of recreating ourselves in the shape of our dreams.” 

The winner was fairly typical of the top 12—having been written by an American and after the second world war. Modernity was a feature of the second division as well (those securing four or five nominations), although the range of nationalities was wider, with two Germans and one Italian, South African, Colombian, Norwegian, and Pole among the 14 authors. 

Overall, books written before the 20th century were rare. Only two ancients (Epictetus and Thucydides) made the list, each with a single vote—a similar popularity rating to today’s cooks (Delia Smith and Martha Rose Shulman). Gastronomic creations aside, the mind expanding worlds on offer were fashioned mainly by men: just 12% of authors were women. Among the top 47 titles there were four: Harper Lee, George Eliot, Jane Austen, and Inge Scholl. 


Some authors featured more than once: C S Lewis, Steinbeck, and Tolstoy each had three nominations, and about a dozen authors had two. Predictably, medically qualified authors were overrepresented, but other patterns were hard to discern. The most obvious feature was the sheer diversity of suggestions: 236 of the 314 selections were unique to one individual. 


Top 12 books (Number of  nominations) 
1   Jonathan Livingston Seagull (10) Richard Bach 

2   House of God Samuel Shem (8)  1984 George Orwell 

4   The Little Prince (7) Antoine de Saint-Exupery  To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee  The Lord of the Rings J R R Tolkein  Catch 22 Joseph Heller 

8   The Brothers Karamazov (6) Fyodor Dostoyevsky  Medical Nemesis Ivan Illich  One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Ken Kesey  Bible  Les Miserables Victor Hugo 




The league table, and the opportunity to add your selection to it, can be found on our website: www.bmj.com/7123/7123m5.htm
Coexpression of gamma and beta globin mRNA in cells containing a single human beta globin locus: results from studies using single-cell reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [published erratum appears in Blood 1994 Aug 15;84(4):1357]
Authors: T Furukawa, G Zitnik, K Leppig, T Papayannopoulou, G Stamatoyannopoulos
Journal: Blood (1994)
Summary of United States-Japan Cooperative Seminar on Human Hepatocarcinogenesis, January 20–22, 1983, in Honolulu, Hawaii
Authors: Hans Popper, M.D., Ph.D., Wataru Moat, M.D., D.Sr.(Med.)
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Summary of United States-Japan Cooperative Seminar on Human Hepatocarcinogenesis, January 20–22, 1983, in Honolulu, Hawaii Get access Hans Popper, M.D., Ph.D., Hans Popper, M.D., Ph.D. The Stratton Laboratory for the Study of Liver Diseases Mount Sinai School of Medicine, City University of New YorkNew York, N.Y. 10029 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wataru Moat, M.D., D.Sr.(Med.) Wataru Moat, M.D., D.Sr.(Med.) Professor and Chairman Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine University of TokyoTokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 71, Issue 5, November 1983, Pages 1095–1099, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/71.5.1095 Published: 01 November 1983
AB1026 A Rare Case of Infantile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the First Year of Life and Successful Treatment with Hydroxychloroquine
Authors: T. Lutz, J. Grulich-Henn, R. Schneiderbauer, E. Hadaschik
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Infantile SLE is an extremely rare disease as underlined by the fact that there are only few publications in the literature (only 13 patients have been published until now). <h3>Objectives</h3> Case report of a rare disease. <h3>Methods</h3> We report on a female patient who developed infantile systemic lupus erythematosus (iSLE) during the first year of life. At the age of 8 months the child presented with dry cough, strained breathing and agitation at night. 2 months later she developed fever attacks and a skin rash localized on the cheeks in a butterfly shape as well as on the extremities. Based on the clinical symptoms, serological findings and the skin biopsy we diagnosed infantile systemic lupus erythematosus. <h3>Results</h3> Because the skin rash was unresponsive to steroid therapy, we decided to start a systemic treatment with hydroxychloroquine which dramatically improved the skin symptoms and fever attacks. Since the beginning of the therapy the patient has not yet developed a relapse of disease or any other systemic symptoms. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In conclusion, we present a rare case of infantile systemic lupus erythematosus. To our best knowledge we are the first to describe a successful treatment with systemic hydroxychloroquine in a patient with iSLE. Since the induced therapy with hydroxychloroquine the patient did not suffer from skin rash or other systemic symptoms any more. <h3>References</h3> Zulian F, Pluchinotta F, Martini G et al. Severe clinical course of systemic lupus erythematosus in the first year of life. Lupus 2008; 17: 780-6. Pluchinotta FR, Schiavo B, Vittadello F et al. Distinctive clinical features of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus in three different age classes. Lupus 2007; 16: 550-5. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
HLA–DRB1 Amino Acid Positions 11/13, 71, and 74 Are Associated With Inflammation Level, Disease Activity, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire Score in Patients With Inflammatory Polyarthritis
Authors: Stephanie F. Ling, Sebastien Viatte, Mark Lunt, Alper M. Van Sijl, Lucia Silva‐Fernandez, Deborah P. M. Symmons, Adam Young, Alexander J. Macgregor, Anne Barton
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2016)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility HLA-DRB1 haplotypes based on amino acid positions 11/13, 71, and 74 predict radiographic damage. The mechanism of action is unknown, but it may be mediated by inflammation. We undertook this study to systematically investigate the effect of these amino acids on nonradiographic measures of disease activity/outcomes.We tested the association of RA susceptibility HLA-DRB1 amino acids with the C-reactive protein (CRP) level, the tender joint count (TJC), the swollen joint count (SJC), the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28), and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score in the Norfolk Arthritis Register (NOAR) and Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Study (ERAS) cohorts. Longitudinal modeling of disease activity/outcomes was performed using generalized linear latent and mixed models. Mediation analysis was performed using directed acyclic graphs to investigate the paths from genetic factors to outcome.A total of 2,158 patients were available for analysis in the NOAR cohort. Valine at position 11 showed the strongest association with the CRP level (P = 2.21 × 10-6 ), the SJC (P = 7.51 × 10-6 ), and the DAS28 (P = 0.002); it was marginally associated with the HAQ score (P = 0.044) but not with the TJC. The same amino acid and haplotype risk hierarchy observed for susceptibility and radiographic severity was observed for the CRP level and nonradiographic measures of disease activity/outcome, apart from the TJC. The results were replicated in the ERAS cohort. The effect of valine at position 11 on the SJC was mainly mediated by anti-citrullinated protein antibody status, the effect of which was mainly mediated by inflammation; however, the effect of valine at position 11 was also independent of the CRP level (P = 1.6 × 10-4 ).Genetic markers of RA susceptibility located within HLA-DRB1 determine the levels of clinical and systemic inflammation independently, and also determine all objective measures of disease activity and outcome.
PWE-080 Is cardiopulmonary exercise testing prior to hepatectomy useful?
Authors: S Ulyett, MG Wiggans, MJ Bowles, S Aroori, C Briggs, G Minto, DA Stell
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Liver resection is a major operation with significant morbidity and mortality, and accurate pre-operative assessment of risk is important. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) is used increasingly before major abdominal surgery, although its usefulness prior to hepatectomy is unclear. We wished to evaluate the role of CPX testing prior to liver resection. <h3>Method</h3> Prospectively collected data were extracted from the HPB unit database. The study group excluded patients with chronic liver disease and biliary obstruction. CPX testing was introduced in February 2008, initially selectively but after November 2013 was used in all patients undergoing liver resection. Standard CPX and operative parameters were retrieved. Operative complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo system and grade 3–5 complications considered significant. Multi-variate methods were used to assess potential associations between pre-operative CPX parameters and operative complications. <h3>Results</h3> Pre-operative CPX was performed on 183 occasions. Grade 3, 4 and 5 complications were suffered by 17, 38 and 3% of patients, respectively. A weak association was noted between increasing ventilatory equivalents for CO<sub>2</sub>(VE/CO<sub>2</sub>), the risk of Grade 3–5 complications (Odds ratio = 1.11, p = 0.015) and length of post-operative stay (p = 0.004). No association was noted between any other CPX variable and operative outcome. <h3>Conclusion</h3> With the exception of VE/CO<sub>2,</sub>CPX test parameters did not predict the development of post-operative complications. It is likely that the majority of complications suffered after liver resection relate to technical aspects of the operation and are not associated with cardio-respiratory function. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
NHS England confirms it will not fund HIV prevention pill
Authors: Nigel Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2016)

NHS England has confirmed its decision not to fund pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the prevention of HIV infection, to the anger of AIDS charities.

Prevention of HIV is the job of local authorities, NHS England said in explaining its decision—but even if it were not, in competition with other specialist areas of care, PrEP would not necessarily have won its bid for NHS England’s financial support.

Deborah Gold, chief executive of the National Aids Trust, called the decision “astonishing.” Every day 17 people have HIV diagnosed, she said, …
Discussion of Leukemia Irradiation Studies: Reply
Authors: Robert W. Gibson, Saxon Graham, Abraham Lilienfeld, Leonard Schuman, Morton L. Levin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article Discussion of Leukemia Irradiation Studies: Reply Get access Robert W. Gibson, Robert W. Gibson 1State University of New York, Buffalo, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Saxon Graham, Saxon Graham 1State University of New York, Buffalo, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Abraham Lilienfeld, Abraham Lilienfeld 2Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Leonard Schuman, Leonard Schuman 2Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Morton L. Levin Morton L. Levin 4Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 50, Issue 4, April 1973, Pages 1087–1090, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/50.4.1087 Published: 01 April 1973
Addition Of Clarithromycin To Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone (BiRd) Is Effective In Multiple Myeloma After Progression On Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone
Authors: Nilanjan Ghosh, Noah Tucker, Marianna Zahurak, Jocelyn L. Wozney, Ivan M. Borrello, Carol Ann Huff
Journal: Blood (2013)