tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sloughing of Cerebellar Tonsils into Spinal Canal
Authors: C L DOLMAN, G G FORSTNER
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An increase in the number of mumps cases in the Czech Republic, 2005-2006
Authors: N Boxall, M Kubínyiová, V Príkazský, C Beneš, J Cástková
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

The Czech Republic has had a two-dose measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination programme since 1987. The last outbreak of mumps was reported in 2002, but an increase in the number of mumps cases was observed in 2005, starting in October that year. We analysed routinely collected surveillance data from 1 January 2005 to 30 June 2006 to show the magnitude of the increase and describe the most affected groups in order to better target prevention and control strategies. In the 18-month period examined, 5,998 cases of mumps were notified, with a peak incidence in May 2006. No deaths were recorded, but 21% of cases were hospitalised. Incidence was lowest in the Plzen region (1.9/100,000) and highest in Zlin (118.6/100,000). There were more male (61.8%) than female cases. The age of the cases ranged from 0 to 80 years. The highest incidence rate was observed in the age group of 15 to 19 years, in which 87% of cases had received two doses of mumps vaccine. The average age of unvaccinated cases was 22.9 years, while for cases vaccinated with two doses it was 14.5 years. Although vaccine effectiveness could not be calculated from the data available, possible reasons for highly-vaccinated cases occurring are discussed.
Modified Suction Cap Technique for Endoscopic Management of Esophageal Food Impaction
Authors: N.  C.  Patel, L.  C.  Fry, K.  E.  Mönkemüller
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Acute food impaction, usually of a meat bolus, is the most common foreign body found in the esophagus [1]. Many methods of managing food impaction have been described. They include the administration of intravenous glucagon, the use of gas-forming carbonated beverages, of devices including nasogastric tubes and Foley catheters, and of endoscopy [1]. A particular endoscopic method described by Saeed et al. has proved to be a safe and effective means of retrieving food boluses [2]. We describe a simple and useful modification of this technique to improve the efficiency of endoscopic removal of impacted food.
PTU-152 Diagnostic yields of tissue transglutaminase serology in coeliac disease
Authors: HHM Ismail, M Syed, PJ Smith, S Hoque
Journal: Gut (2015)

Introduction Coeliac disease (CD) has a prevalence of up to 1% and yet only 10–15% is diagnosed. The need for a screening test that has a high diagnostic performance is essential. Current NICE guidelines recommend the use of Tissue trans-glutaminase IgA antibody (TTG) testing in both primary and secondary care; however the efficacy and cost effectiveness of TTG has been controversial. We aimed to assess the current role of TTG and its utilisation in the primary and secondary care setting against gold standard histology testing. Method We retrospectively analysed 502 patients referred to secondary care for gastrointestinal (GI) investigations with potential symptoms of coeliac disease (Anaemia, Diarrhoea, and weight loss). All patients had an upper GI endoscopy at Whipps Cross University Hospital, a large district general hospital in London between July 2013 and August 2014. The endoscopy list is open to primary care and secondary care referrals for patients with suspected CD or reassessment of known CD and also includes patients referred for investigation of other upper GI symptoms such as dyspepsia. Patients were categorised for analysis according to the presence of TTG testing prior to endoscopy, where TTG was initially ordered, D2 biopsy results and gender and age. SPSS v22 was used to estimate the frequency, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive Values and negative predictive values of TTG and a Pearson Chi square test to calculate significance. Results A total of 502 patients with a mean age of 59.3 (SD+/- 19.019) at the time of endoscopy were identified (58.4% female vs. 41.6% male). Prior to endoscopy only 16.1% (n = 81) had TTG performed, with an additional 4.9% (n = 24) tested post endoscopy. Of these, 84% (n = 68) were requested in secondary care and 16% (n = 13) in primary care (P < 0.001). 72.3% (n = 363) had one or more key CD symptoms such as anaemia, weight loss, or diarrhoea. However of these only 12.4% (n = 45) had TTG serology tests prior to endoscopy. Comparing TTG with histological evaluation for villous atrophy showed 10 true positives, 3 false negatives, 84 true negatives and 0 false negatives. Sensitivity of TTG was 100% (95% CI 69.15 to 100.00), specificity 95.88% (95% CI 89.78 to 98.7), positive predictive value (PPV) was 71.43% (95% CI 41.90 to 91.61) and negative predictive value was 100% (95% CI 96.11 to 100.00). Conclusion Our results suggest TTG is underutilised both in primary and secondary care when addressing key CD symptoms. TTG testing has a low PPV in patients being investigated for CD. Our findings support existing reports for the introduction of other antibodies such as deaminated glidine rapid point of care test as screening tools prior to endoscopy in CD. Disclosure of interest None Declared.
FRI0404 Disturbances of T and B Cell Homeostasis Characterized Primary Antiphospholipid Patients During their Follow-Up of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: L. Simonin, E. Pasquier, C. Leroyer, D. Cornec, B. Bendaoud, S. Hillion, J.-O. Pers, F. Couturaud, Y. Renaudineau
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> During the last decade, it was observed that peripheral blood lymphocyte subset distribution was altered in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primary Sjögren9s syndrome (pSS), mixed connective tissue disease, multiple sclerosis, and ANCA-associated vasculitis. <h3>Objectives</h3> Accordingly, our aim was to evaluate in the follow-up of patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) whether lymphocyte distribution is altered in well-characterized primary antiphospholipid syndrome (pAPS) patients. <h3>Methods</h3> A prospective, descriptive and comparative study was conducted at Brest University Medical School (France) from June to October 2013. Cases of pAPS VTE patients were selected from the data base EDITH (Study of Determinants Interactions of venous thrombosis), which is a monocentric case-control cohort. From this data base, eleven pAPS VTE patients selected during their follow-up were included and matched with non-APS VTE patients, autoimmune disease patients (Sjögren9s syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus) and controls. Using a 4 colors flow cytometer, peripheral blood B cell subsets (B1, transitional, naïve, and memory), T cell subsets (CD3, CD4, CD8) and NK-cells were explored. <h3>Results</h3> In contrast to non-APS VTE patients and controls, pAPS VTE patients displayed total CD3 and CD8 naïve (CD45RA<sup>+</sup> CD27<sup>+</sup>) T cell reduction, and disturbance in B cell homeostasis with increased proportions of B1 cells, transitional B cells (CD24<sup>++</sup> CD38<sup>++</sup>) and naïve B cells (IgD<sup>+</sup>CD27<sup>-</sup>), while unswitched (IgD<sup>+</sup>CD27<sup>+</sup>) and switched (IgD<sup>-</sup>CD27<sup>+</sup>) memory B cells were reduced. The unswitch memory B cell percentage, and even better the naïve/unswitched memory B cell ratio were both effective to distinguish pAPS VTE patients from non-APS VTE patients, and from patients with autoimmune diseases. Interestingly, the absolute number of CD4 T cells was positively correlated with IgG anti-cardiolipin antibody levels. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In summary, this study, although conducted with a limited number of well characterized pAPS patients, revealed two major points. First, disturbances in B cell homeostasis that can be used as a signature for pAPS, and second an association between the CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell subset and the production of IgG aCL Ab. Future studies shall address whether these perturbations would be helpful for the diagnosis and/or for the therapeutic management and follow-up of these patients. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
AB0075 MTOR: An Unexpected Role on the TNF-Regulated MRNA Transcriptome in Rheumatoid Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes
Authors: T. Karonitsch, K. Dalwigk, B. Herdy, K. Kandasamy, B. Niederreiter, J. Holinka, F. Sevelda, M. Bilban, J. Smolen, H. Kiener, G. Superti-Furga
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Accumulating evidence supports the concept that resident mesenchymal cells, namely fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) actively participate in the destructive, inflammatory process of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). FLS maintain a synovial microenvironment that helps to recruit, retain, and activate immune cells, resulting in chronic inflammation with attendant joint destruction. Here, we provide evidence that the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which has evolved as a major factor for the maintainance of tissue homeostasis and function, is a critical component of the inflammatory process in synovitis. <h3>Results</h3> Immunohistochemical studies revealed that mTOR is activated in rheumatoid synovitis, particularly in FLS of the hyperplastic synovial lining. By using western blot or advanced cell biological methods, such as a recently described synovial organ culture system, we demonstrate that the proinflammatory cytokine TNF activates the mTOR pathway in FLS. To further define the biological significance of these findings, we made use of genome-wide expression profiling. Remarkably, this analysis revealed a so far unknown modulatory role for mTOR in the gene expression programs induced by TNF. Specific inhibition of mTOR by Torin-1 or PP242 increased the TNF-induced expression of genes, known to be regulated by the transcription complex NFkB (e.g. PTGS2, IL8, CCL20). By contrast, FLS treatment with Torin-1 or PP242 diminished the TNF-mediated induction of interferon regulated genes (IRGs), including TNFSF10, CXCL11 and TNFSF13B (BAFF). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In conclusion, these studies provide insight into determinants of the synovial tissue response to inflammation and suggest a multifaceted regulatory role for mTOR in synovial inflammatory processes. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
The abnormality of normal comparison groups: the identification of psychosis proneness and substance abuse in putatively normal research subjects
Authors: R W Butler, M A Jenkins, D L Braff
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

Careful assessment of research subjects is important because the inclusion of subjects who manifest psychopathology and significant substance abuse in normal comparison groups will decrease statistical and experimental power. The current study evaluated the usefulness of an MMPI-derived algorithm in identifying tendencies toward psychosis and substance abuse in putatively normal research volunteers.Ninety-eight adults who were recruited as normal comparison research subjects completed the MMPI, psychiatric interviews, questionnaires, and selected neuropsychological tests. The MMPI classified 81 presumed normal subjects into four subgroups: 1) not psychosis prone/substance abuse not likely, 2) not psychosis prone/substance abuse likely, 3) psychosis prone/substance abuse not likely, and 4) psychosis prone/substance abuse likely.The MMPI psychosis-prone and substance abuse factors identified significantly distressed and dysfunctional individuals with a relatively high degree of accuracy.It is becoming increasingly apparent that the cursory self-report screening of normal subjects may result in unacceptable levels of psychopathology in comparison groups. The current results also indicate that an adequate substance abuse evaluation is extremely important and that brief self-report information may be misleading. Empirically derived assessment tools, such as the MMPI, may prove useful in allowing researchers to more accurately define control parameters and group membership.
Red Blood Picture in Children from Different Environments
Authors: V KAPALIN
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Use of TSH response to TRH as an independent variable
Authors: P T Loosen, K Kistler, A J Prange
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

The thyrotropin (TSH) response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was assessed in 35 consecutive male admissions. Patients with TSH blunting were identified; they were compared with patients without blunting and with normal subjects. Patients without TSH blunting were normal as regards all endocrine variables. Patients with TSH blunting showed reduced TSH (but normal prolactin) levels before and after TRH administration, although their thyroid hormone levels and cortisol levels were normal. Height, weight, and body surface were unrelated to TSH blunting. The test-retest reliability of a blunted TSH response was acceptable.
PWE-258 Outcomes of mesh reconstruction of perineal wounds following extralevator abdominoperineal excision of the rectum (aper)
Authors: U Ihedioha, A Dhillon, J Evans, K khalil, D Hunter, P Kang
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Extralevator APER for low rectal cancer is used to avoid the adverse oncological outcomes of inadvertent perforation and a positive circumferential resection margin associated with the conventional APER technique. Removal of the levators leaves a large defect requiring pelvic floor reconstruction. Controversy still exists on the best method of closure. The aim of this study is to present the outcomes of biosynthetic mesh for pelvic floor reconstruction. <h3>Method</h3> Perineal reconstruction was done using biosynthetic mesh. We evaluated the short term outcomes with regards to perineal wound complications and perineal hernias. <h3>Results</h3> 25 patients had biosynthetic mesh repairs. 23 of the patients had surgery for rectal cancer and 2 for anal cancer. Median operative time was 3.5 h. At a median follow up period of 26 months, there were 4 perineal complications (2 wound infections, 1 haematoma and 1 wound dehiscence) but no meshes were removed. 1 patient required vacuum assisted dressing for wound dehiscence. There were no perineal hernias. There was no mortality. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The low complication rate, good outcomes in perineal wound healing and absence of perineal hernia demonstrates that use of biosynthetic mesh for pelvic floor reconstruction is safe and feasible. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Exploring a Little-Known Pathway: Dermal Exposure to Phthalates in Indoor Air
Authors: Lindsey Konkel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Exploring a Little-Known Pathway Dermal Exposure to Phthalates in Indoor AirCertain phthalate esters used widely in vinyl plastics and other consumer products have been associated with impaired neurodevelopment, 1 altered genital development, 2 and respiratory problems 3 in people.Studies of dermal absorption of phthalates have largely focused on direct contact of the skin with the chemicals, but some models predict that transdermal uptake directly from ambient air may be a potentially important route of exposure. 4In this issue of EHP, researchers confirm experimentally in humans that dermal uptake from indoor air may be a meaningful exposure pathway for some phthalates. 5n a series of experiments, six participants were exposed to elevated air concentrations of diethyl phthalate (DEP) and di(n-butyl) phthalate (DnBP).DEP is used as a solvent and carrier in personal care products such as cosmetics, perfumes, and shampoos. 6DnBP is used as a plasticizer in products including nail polish and adhesives. 7We chose these particular phthalates because they are ubiquitous in the indoor environ ment, and their metabolites are commonly found at high levels in human urine," says lead study
Human Health Effects of Biphenyl: Key Findings and Scientific Issues
Authors: Zheng Li, Karen A. Hogan, Christine Cai, Susan Rieth
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

In support of the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has evaluated the human health hazards of biphenyl exposure.We review key findings and scientific issues regarding expected human health effects of biphenyl.Scientific literature from 1926 through September 2012 was critically evaluated to identify potential human health hazards associated with biphenyl exposure. Key issues related to the carcinogenicity and noncancer health hazards of biphenyl were examined based on evidence from experimental animal bioassays and mechanistic studies.Systematic consideration of experimental animal studies of oral biphenyl exposure took into account the variety of study designs (e.g., study sizes, exposure levels, and exposure durations) to reconcile differing reported results. The available mechanistic and toxicokinetic evidence supports the hypothesis that male rat urinary bladder tumors arise through urinary bladder calculi formation but is insufficient to hypothesize a mode of action for liver tumors in female mice. Biphenyl and its metabolites may induce genetic damage, but a role for genotoxicity in biphenyl-induced carcinogenicity has not been established.The available health effects data for biphenyl provides suggestive evidence for carcinogenicity in humans, based on increased incidences of male rat urinary bladder tumors at high exposure levels and on female mouse liver tumors. Kidney toxicity is also a potential human health hazard of biphenyl exposure.Li Z, Hogan KA, Cai C, Rieth S. 2016. Human health effects of biphenyl: key findings and scientific issues. Environ Health Perspect 124:703-712; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509730.
Case 18-1972
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Kurt J. Bloch, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Presentation of CaseA 68-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a pleural effusion.Beginning at the age of 20 years he had worked for three years as a stone cutter in a quarry without respiratory protection, and for the next 12 years he had made sand castings in an iron foundry. Repeated x-ray examinations of the chest were reported to show changes consistent with silicosis, and he had been dyspneic for an uncertain period. Seven years before admission a film of the chest was interpreted as showing tuberculosis; multiple sputum specimens and a scalene-lymph-node biopsy revealed no . . .
Comparative transcriptome profiling provides new insights into mechanisms of androgenetic alopecia progression
Authors: E.G.Y. Chew, B.S.‐Y. Ho, S. Ramasamy, T. Dawson, C. Tennakoon, X. Liu, W.M.S. Leong, S.Y.S. Yang, S.Y.D. Lim, H. Jaffar, A.M. Hillmer, M. Bigliardi‐Qi, P.L. Bigliardi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common progressive form of hair loss that occurs in more than half of men above 50 years 1. AGA onset is dependent on genetic predisposition and presence of androgen 2, 3. In AGA patients, hair undergoes shortened anagen phase, progressive miniaturization and subsequent vellus transformation of terminal hair follicle.

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Lutein + Zeaxanthin and Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Journal: JAMA (2013)

A GE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENeration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in the developed world, accounts for more than 50% of all blindness in the United States. 1 In 2004, it was estimated that 8 million individuals had intermediate AMD, defined as bilateral drusen, and approximately 2 million had advanced AMD, either neovascular AMD or geographic atrophy. 2 Although intraocular drugs that inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor are currently available for treatment of neovascular AMD, 3 no effective therapies are proven for atrophic AMD.Without more effective ways of slowing progression, the number of persons with advanced AMD is expected to double over the next 20 years, resulting in increasing socioeconomic burden. 2 The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) demonstrated that daily oral supplementation with antioxidant vitamins and minerals reduced the risk of developing advanced AMD by 25% at 5 years. 4Animal studies 5-7 and epidemiologic studies provide a rationale for examining the potential effects of other nutrients on the development of advanced AMD.Observational studies suggest that higher dietary intake of lutein ϩ zeaxanthin, omega-3 longchain polyunsaturated fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA] and eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]), or both are associated with a decreased risk of de-
First Oncolytic Viral Therapy for Melanoma
Authors: Alissa Poh
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2015)

The FDA has approved talimogene laherparepvec, or T-VEC, to treat surgically unresectable skin and lymph node lesions in patients with advanced melanoma. T-VEC is the first oncolytic viral therapy to gain regulatory endorsement, based on data from the OPTiM study.