tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of Xanthine Oxidase in the Potentiation of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Mitomycin C
Authors: D L Gustafson, J D Swanson, C A Pritsos
Journal: Cancer Communications (1991)

Clinical evidence has suggested that mitomycin C (MMC) potentiates doxorubicin (DOX) induced cardiotoxicity. In this study a mouse model was used to examine the effect of DOX on the ability of cardiac tissue to bioactivate MMC to generate oxygen radicals. Cardiac damage was assessed by measuring serum CPK-MB isoenzyme levels and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the cardiac tissue. The exposure of animals to DOX or DOX and MMC over a three week period led to an increase in serum CPK-MB isoenzyme levels as well as TBARS. Treatment with DOX led to an increase in MMC-dependent, NADH-dependent, cyanide insensitive oxygen consumption, compared to control animals, thereby suggesting increased MMC-dependent oxygen radical generation. Levels of xanthine oxidase (XO; EC 1.1.3.22) and NADPH:cytochrome C reductase, two enzymes known to bioactivate MMC with subsequent oxygen radical generation, were measured in cardiac tissue with a 4.5 x increase in XO activity seen in DOX treated animals vs controls and no change in NADPH:cytochrome C reductase activity. Cardiac levels of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH; EC 1.1.1.204) activity in DOX treated animals decreased while the XO/XDH ratio increased, suggesting a conversion of XDH to XO following DOX treatment.
AB0605 Clinical, Biological and Morphological Features of Kidney Involvement in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: About 3 Cases
Authors: R. Hajji, E. Cherif, F. Derbali, L. Ben Hassine
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Extraglandular manifestations in primary Sjögren9s syndrome (pSS) are frequent and may include renal involvement. This is one of the systemic involvement that marks pSS prognosis. <h3>Objectives</h3> The goal of this work is to study the demographic, clinical, serologic features and outcomes of Tunisian patients with pSS and renal involvement. <h3>Methods</h3> It is a single-center retrospective study including all the cases of pSS diagnosed since 1998 until 2011 in Internal Medicine Department from Tunis in Tunisia. All the patients fulfilled the 2002 American-European Consensus Group (AECG) criteria for pSS. <h3>Results</h3> We examined the hospital records and laboratory findings of 31 patients with pSS. Among these patients, renal impairment was observed in 9.6% of cases, all women. It was noted in 3 cases tubulo-interstitial nephritis. They were revealed by hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis in 2 patients and bone pains in one patient. Further explorations revealed bilateral nephrocalcinosis and moderate kidney failure in one case and osteomalacia in another case. All these patients have distal tubular acidosis. All these patients have received symptomatic treatment (sodium bicarbonate, potassium chlorides). Vitamin D and Calcium was prescribed for the patient with osteomalacia and corticosteroids was given to the patient with nephroclcinosis and moderate kidney failure. The evolution was marked by the regression of rhabdomylysis, and osteomalacia and the improvement of kidney function. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Tubulo-inerstitial nephritis is the most frequent kidney involvement during pSS. It is rarely an inaugural manifestation of the disease. However the presence of a hypocitraturie in the presence of a renal lithiasis, hypokalemia and even rhabdomyolyis or osteomalacia must evoke distal tubular acidosis. Its early diagnosis allows to adapt the best therapy and avoid the evolution to chronic renal failure. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Under-representation of frail older people in meta-analysis of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and hypoglycaemia
Authors: Fatih Tufan, Ozlem Soyluk, Gulistan Bahat, Mehmet Akif Karan
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Salvo and colleagues’ meta-analysis is limited by the under-representation of frail older people.1 The study by Barnett and colleagues was the only …
Ganciclovir treatment of herpes simplex thymidine kinase-transduced primary T lymphocytes: an approach for specific in vivo donor T-cell depletion after bone marrow transplantation?
Authors: P Tiberghien, CW Reynolds, J Keller, S Spence, M Deschaseaux, JM Certoux, E Contassot, WJ Murphy, R Lyons, Y Chiang
Journal: Blood (1994)
Efficacy of ECT: a meta-analysis
Authors: P G Janicak, J M Davis, R D Gibbons, S Ericksen, S Chang, P Gallagher
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

The authors analyzed several rigorously controlled studies that compared the efficacy of ECT with that of simulated ECT, placebo, and antidepressants. The data from these studies were combined statistically (with the Mantel-Haenszel method for the combination of fourfold tables), showing ECT's clear superiority over all these other forms of treatment for severe depression. The authors similarly analyzed the data from several studies comparing the efficacy of unilateral nondominant ECT with that of bilateral ECT and found no significant difference in their efficacy.
Workshop on Comparative Pathology of Hematopoietic and Lymphoreticular Neoplasms
Authors: C J Dawe, C W Berard
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Workshop on Comparative Pathology of Hematopoietic and Lymphoreticular Neoplasms Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 47, Issue 6, December 1971, Pages 1365–1370, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/47.6.1365 Published: 01 December 1971
SP0074 The Global Burden of Use and Abuse of Opiods in Non-Malignant Pain
Authors: R.D. Knaggs
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Over the last decade there have been massive increases in prescribing of opioids in many countries, including the United States of America, Canada, and many European countries, including Sweden, Norway and the United Kingdom. It is sobering to consider that the USA, less than 5% of the world9s population, uses 80% of the global supply of opioids. The increase in prescribing in the USA has been paralleled by increasing misuse and mortality associated with these drugs and unintentional oversdose is now a leading cause of accidental death. In attempts to tackle the growing prescritpion opioid epidemic, lawmakers have responded with numerous policies and legislation that manadate ceiling doses, require utilisation of prescription monitoring programmes and implementation of risk minimisation strategies. A global alarm has been sounded among countries wishing to avoid this path. There have been similar trends of increased opioid consumption in the United Kingdom and other European countries, albeit at lower levels. However, this has not been associated without apparent increases in reported misuse or drug-related deaths. Differences in prescribing, culture, and health systems probably account for some of the differences in opioid prescribing and opioid overdose mortality and suggest features that may be permissive or protective in the development of a public health crisis. Most opioids are prescribed for non-cancer indications. Prescribing opioids has the potential to provide benefit for some patients when used as part of a comprehensive pain management plan. Unfortunately for the majority of patients opioids have little impact on pain and lead to bothersome side effects. The increased use of opioids has had little impact on the societal burden of pain, perhaps unsurprisingly, as the role of medicines in long-term pain management is limited. Basic, proactive steps, such as promoting good prescribing practice, regular review, enhanced surveillance – of overdoses, marketing practices, prescribers, and patients – and education programmes are essential to ensure appropriate opioid use and improve clinical outcomes. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> R. Knaggs Grant/research support from: Grunenthal UK Ltd
PWE-089 Abstinence from alcohol is the most important factor in predicting long term survival after hospitalisation with severe alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: A Dhanda, A Sinha, V Hunt, S Saleem, P Collins
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a serious complication of alcohol misuse and has a high short term mortality of up to 40%. Longer term outcome is less well characterised and a single retrospective study has demonstrated that alcohol recidivism is associated with poorer survival. We aimed to prospectively evaluate factors important in long term (&gt;1 year) survival in patients with severe AH. <h3>Method</h3> Consecutive patients admitted to our institution between October 2007 and September 2013 with severe AH were recruited. Severe AH was defined as recent heavy alcohol use (&gt;60 g or &gt;80 g ethanol daily for women and men respectively), recent onset jaundice with a bilirubin &gt;80 umol/L and a discriminant function (DF) &gt;32. Patients were followed up for at least 1 year from diagnosis and their alcohol use determined at that time. Patients were treated with prednisolone 40 mg daily for 4 weeks unless they were also recruited to the STOPAH clinical trial in which case treatment allocation remains blinded. Differences in 1 year survival were determined individually for patient characteristics, baseline laboratory parameters and alcohol use. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression was then performed on these terms to determine independent predictors of survival. <h3>Results</h3> 87 subjects (mean age 48, 72% male, mean DF 53) were followed up for a median time of 410 days. Overall 1 year survival was 55%. At presentation age, urea, INR and prothrombin time were significantly greater (p &lt; 0.05) in non-survivors than survivors at 1 year but on multivariate analysis only urea and INR remained independent predictors of death. Area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) analysis found that DF, MELD and GAHS were poor predictors of 1 year survival (AUROC = 0.41, 0.36 and 0.36 respectively). 71% survived to hospital discharge of which 63% relapsed to heavy drinking within 1 year. In the group of patients who were discharged from hospital, abstinence from alcohol was associated with long term survival (p = 0.04) and multivariate analysis identified abstinence from alcohol as the only independent predictor of &gt;1 year survival (p = 0.03). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This is the largest reported prospective cohort of long term outcome in patients with severe AH. Urea and INR at presentation (but not existing scoring systems) are important predictors of 1 year survival. Importantly, only alcohol abstinence predicts long term survival in patients who are successfully discharged from hospital. Therefore ongoing research should focus on maintenance of abstinence from alcohol as the key factor that will improve long term outcome in survivors of severe AH. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
PWE-140 Fracture risk tool reduces need for dexa scanning in cirrhosis patients
Authors: R Nicoll, A Black, L Bailey, P Dundas, A Fraser, L McLeman, V Balasubramaniam, A Mukhopadhya
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Current British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines recommend DEXA scanning all patients with cirrhosis. All patients with a diagnosis of cirrhosis attending the cirrhosis clinic at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary are referred for DEXA scanning. We aimed to establish whether a risk stratification strategy using a fracture risk calculation tool (FRAX) to determine which patients should receive a DEXA scan is effective in reducing scan rates without compromising sensitivity for detecting osteoporosis. <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective analysis of 282 patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing hepatoma screening in Aberdeen Royal Infirmary. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to assess sensitivity and specificity of FRAX calculated 10-year fracture risk thresholds of 5%, 10% and 15%. <h3>Results</h3> DEXA scan results were available for 205 patients. Mean age was 61.2(±9.1) years, of which 58.0% were male. Cirrhosis aetiology was largely a result of alcohol excess (n = 68), hepatitis C infection (n = 47) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (n = 34). The majority of patients were in good prognostic groups (88.8% Child-Pugh A, 10.7% Child-Pugh B, 0.5% Child-Pugh C). The prevalence of osteoporosis was 18.0% consistent with existing literature. The optimum FRAX 10-year fracture threshold was found to be 10%. This retained a high sensitivity of 96.2%, specificity 63.1%, and negative predictive value 98.1%. DEXA scanning rates would have been reduced from 100% (current policy) to 47.3%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A risk stratification strategy for diagnosing osteoporosis using a fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) and 10-year fracture risk threshold of 10% has high sensitivity for detecting osteoporosis and leads to a clinically significant reduction in scan rates. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Collier, JD, Ninkovic, M, Compston JE. Guidelines on the management of osteoporosis associated with chronic liver disease. Gut 2002;<b>50</b>(Suppl I):i1–i9
Smoking in young men with testicular cancer.
Authors: D M Waterhouse
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1992.10.10.1651 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 1403044 Smoking in young men with testicular cancer. D M WaterhousexD M WaterhouseSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1992.10.10.1651 PDF "Smoking in young men with testicular cancer.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 10(10), pp. 1651–1652© 1992 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Psychotherapy training for the psychiatrist of the future
Authors: P C Mohl, J Lomax, A Tasman, C Chan, W Sledge, P Summergrad, M Notman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

There is uncertainty about the future role of psychodynamic psychotherapy in psychiatric practice and education. The Association for Academic Psychiatry and the American Association of Directors of Psychiatry Residency Training formed a joint task force to review the issue. It developed a rationale for continued training in expressive psychotherapy and a model curriculum for such training that is both effective and realistic in terms of the diverse demands and structures of modern residencies. A minimum curriculum was also designed for resource-poor programs.
Medicine and books: Chemical Sensitivity: the Truth About Environmental Illness
Authors: Ann Dally
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Stephen J Barrett, Ronald E Gots

Prometheus Books, £23, pp 212

ISBN 1 57392 195 5

Environmental damage to health is highly topical. Newspapers carry horror stories about things in the environment causing cancer, heart attacks, or early death, yet reliable reference books are hard to find. What evidence is there for and against, say, allergy to various foods, chronic fatigue syndrome, or Gulf War syndrome?

Throughout civilisation people have been troubled by multiple symptoms for which, unable to find a physical cause, labels have been invented. In Hippocratic times it was the “wandering womb” or hysteria. By the late 19th century it was presumed to be caused by female genital dysfunction. Then it became “neurasthenia,” leading to the “rest cure.” Still later, it became “focal sepsis,” leading to removal of teeth and often other organs as well. “Glandular disorders” and “stress” followed. Then came “psychosomatic illness,” which patients didn’t like and doctors were embarrassed to discuss with them. Nowadays, in the view of many patients, alternative practitioners, and some doctors it is poisoning by common foods or chemicals or allergy to them. This book aims to assess such beliefs that the authors reckon are wrong.

Drs Barrett (a retired psychiatrist) and Gots (of the International Center for Toxicology and Medicine in Rockville, Maryland) are, we are told, “nationally renowned leaders in the fight against quackery.” The book begins with a list of “fad diagnoses” and current “scientific” judgments about them. For instance, candidiasis hypersensitivity, “multiple chemical sensitivity,” and toxicity from mercury amalgam are “not scientifically recognized.” Other conditions (adrenal insufficiency, hypoglycaemia, Lyme disease, and chronic fatigue syndrome) are “genuine” but overdiagnosed.

The later chapters give the “scientific” evidence for and against these statements. For each “disease” there are up to 50 references, taken from regular scientific journals, nearly all of them American. The text assesses the value of these and of research done into the condition. It also gives the “positions” of the American Medical Association, the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, and the Californian Medical Association, a number of court judgments, and a list of “reputable consultants,” all of them American. The references could not be complete in so small a book, but they are impressive. The book lacks a non-American perspective, but it will be useful to those interested in these bizarre “diseases,” as most of us need to be these days.
An outbreak of hepatitis A in Puglia, Italy, 1996
Authors: P Malfait, P.L. Lopalco, Stefania Salmaso, C Germinario, G Salamina, M Quarto, S Barbuti, R Cipriani, A Mundo, G Pesole
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1996)

In the region of Puglia, in the south east of Italy (population: 4 million), the number of notifications of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection increases in a two yearly cycle. In 1992 a very large outbreak was observed, but no epidemiological investigation
SAT0316 Validation of Novel Simplified Radiographic Damage Index for Affected Joints in Chronic Gout Arthritis: A Preliminary Proposal
Authors: C.-N. Son, T.E. Kim, K. Park, J.H. Hwang, J.-Y. Choe, S.-K. Kim
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> The evaluation of radiographic damage in inflammatory arthritis has been considered important, because structural damage of affected joints impairs the functional status of patients with various inflammatory rheumatic diseases and increases their economic problems and mortality [1, 2]. However, there has still been no relevant radiographic index for damage of affected joints in patients with chronic gouty arthritis. Modified SvdH scoring method has been proposed to be an alternative method [3], however, it seems to be so complex and also lack of relevance to use in clinical practice. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to develop and validate more a simple method to score radiographic damage measurement in patients with chronic gout. <h3>Methods</h3> Two independent observers read foot x-rays using the DAmagE index of GoUt score method (DAEGU score) and the modified Sharp/van der Heijde (SvdH) method. The 10 metatarsophalangeal (MTP) and 2 interphalangeal (IP) joints of the first toes of both feet from 15 patients with chronic gout were scored on plain radiography for erosion and joint space narrowing (JSN) (180 total joints). The intraobserver and interobserver reliability were analyzed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and minimal detectable change (MDC). The correlation between the DAEGU and SvdH methods was analyzed using Spearman9s correlation coefficients and Kappa coefficients. <h3>Results</h3> The intraobserver and interobserver ICCs for the DAEGU method were 0.945–0.987 and 0.993–0.996, respectively. The MDC at the 95% confidence interval (MDC95) showed 0.5–2.1 and 0.3–0.7 in the intra- and interobserver analyses, respectively. Strong positive correlations were represented between the DAEGU and SvdH methods for each radiological abnormality including erosion, JSN, and total score (correlation coefficients: <i>r</i> =0.870–0.985, p&lt;0.001; kappa coefficients: 0.732–1.000). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study demonstrated that the DAEGU score had a high reproducibility and strongly correlated with SvdH. The DAEGU method may provide a more easy assessment of structural damage in patients with chronic gout. <h3>References</h3> Kavanaugh A, et al. J Rheumatol 2004;31:849–55. Gladman DD, et al. Arthritis Rheum 1998;41:1103–10. Dalbeth N, et al. Arthritis Rheum 2007;57:1067-73. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Recurrence of depression after discontinuation of long-term amitriptyline treatment
Authors: D Bialos, E Giller, P Jatlow, J Docherty, L Harkness
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

In this study 10 of 17 patients receiving long-term amitriptyline treatment (average duration: 3.7 years, average dose: 138 mg) had their medication tapered and discontinued under double-blind conditions. Eight became depressed within 3 to 15 weeks. None of the 7 control subjects became depressed during the 6 months of the study. Those who became depressed also showed psychomotor retardation and sleep disturbance. Relief of longstanding anticholinergic side effects followed medication discontinuation. Some patients whose amitryptyline was discontinued experienced a mild withdrawal syndrome within the first 2 weeks, consisting of irritability, dream and sleep disturbance, and restlessness during the first few weeks.