tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PMO-041 Investigating barriers to nutritional screening by nurses and ward managers on liver transplant units
Authors: S Arora, L Greenslade, M Morgan
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The incidence of malnutrition remains high and is often undetected in hospitals. Patients with cirrhosis are often malnourished and this has a significant negative effect on outcome; its early management is therefore vital. Nutritional screening in the UK is generally undertaken by nursing staff. No surveys have been undertaken to assess the relationship between nutritional knowledge/attitudes and the practice of nutritional screening among nursing staff nor have attempts been made to identify any barriers to screening. A survey of nursing staff and ward managers on the liver transplant centres in the UK was, therefore, undertaken. <h3>Methods</h3> A questionnaire was sent to all nursing staff on five of the UK liver transplant units. The 20 questions accessed three domains of information (1) general and specialist nursing education and training; (2) nutritional training; experience, practise and views of nutritional screening; and (3) potential barriers to nutritional screening. A yes/no quiz comprising 30 questions of varying complexity designed to assess knowledge of nutritional principles was also included. A separate questionnaire was sent to the ward managers. It comprised 27 questions relating to key factors which might affect the completion of nutritional screening tools by nursing teams, including information on nurse:bed ratios, nursing skill mix, staff sickness levels and use of bank/agency nursing staff. Details of managers9 length of service and training in the nutritional aspects of patient care were also explored. <h3>Results</h3> Response rates varied between centres but averaged 60% (n=69). The majority of nurses (60%) reported that 75–100% of patients on their wards are actively screened. The major obstacles to screening were lack of time (49%), lack of skilled staff (17%) and the perception that screening would be futile in patients who did not appear malnourished (11%). There was no relationship between nutritional screening level and nurses9 experience of working in the NHS or on a specialist liver unit, the amount and type of nutritional training they had received, ward staff resourcing/time pressures, their nutritional quiz score, the size of the ward or the nurse:bed ratio. However, centres with less experienced ward managers reported higher usage of bank/agency staff and lower nutritional screening levels. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Many of the factors which it was intuitively felt might affect nutritional screening levels by nurses did not do so. Instead the role of the ward managers proved key in this respect. Thus, nutritional screening by nursing staff could be improved by (1) raising the priority of nutritional education with ward managers; and (2) supporting less experienced ward managers in their handling of staff sickness levels to reduce bank/agency staff levels. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
VALORACIÓN PROSPECTIVA DE LA PREVENCIÓN DEL SANGRADO POST-RESECCIÓN MUCOSA ENDOSCÓPICA MEDIANTE EL CIERRE CON CLIPS EN ASPIRACIÓN MUCOSA O CON EL MÉTODO “LOOP-CLIP”
Authors: E Albéniz, M Fraile, A Pueyo, J Eguaras, H León-Brito, D Ruiz-Clavijo, J Úriz, MA Casi, S Oquiñena, C Jiménez
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Introducción: La hemorragia diferida es una de las principales complicaciones de la resección endoscópica mucosa (REM). La utilización de clips hemostáticos es eficaz en la prevención del sangrado diferido, aunque el cierre simple con clips sólo se consigue en defectos mucosos de pequeño tamaño. Objetivo: Valorar la eficacia en la prevención de la hemorragia diferida tras REM en lesiones superficiales altas y en lesiones >=2cm en el colon, mediante el cierre con clips o con el método “loop-clip”. Material y método: Estudio prospectivo realizado desde enero de 2011 a junio de 2012 en el que se registraron los cierres de los defectos mucosos post-resección endoscópica de las lesiones citadas. Se utilizaron los siguientes métodos que permiten cerrar escaras de mayor tamaño: cierre simple con clips colocados en aspiración mucosa, método “endoloop-clip” o variante que utiliza un loop “artesanal” fabricado con hilo de nylon quirúrgico. Se comparó la tasa de sangrado diferido obtenida en las REM a las que se realizó el cierre del defecto mucoso en una serie retrospectiva de REM alta y baja de nuestro servicio de los años 2009–2010. Resultados: Se realizó el cierre del defecto mucoso tras REM en 56 lesiones en 44 pacientes, 33 en tracto superior y 23 en colon. La tasa de hemorragia diferida fue del 0% en las REM que se realizó cierre del defecto mucoso, frente al 2,2% (1/46) en REM de lesiones altas y al 11% (4/35) de lesiones de colon >=2cm de nuestra serie retrospectiva. Las diferencias fueron clínicamente relevantes aunque no alcanzaron significación estadística. No se produjeron complicaciones derivadas de las técnicas hemostáticas utilizadas. Conclusiones: 1- La eficacia del cierre de los defectos mucosos post-resección endoscópica en la prevención del sangrado diferido es alta (100% en nuestro estudio). 2- Los métodos utilizados son relativamente sencillos y al alcance de cualquier unidad de endoscopia. 3- Probablemente haya que individualizar y cerrar aquellos defectos mucosos con alto riesgo de sangrado. Serán necesarios estudios para estratificar dicho riesgo y valorar costes.
SP0129 Immunoregulatory Properties of Galectins
Authors: I. Mascanfroni
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3></h3> The immune system faces the difficult challenge of discerning between "self" and "non-self" and simultaneously defending against microbial pathogens. Although self-reactive T cells can be deleted in the thymus, the elimination process is often incomplete, and therefore activation of regulatory mechanisms in peripheral tissues is required in order to dampen potentially harmful responses. Homeostatic signals delivered in the form of immunosuppressive cytokines or inhibitory receptors are integrated into tolerogenic circuits that sustain peripheral tolerance mechanisms. Numerous regulatory programs have been identified that contribute to the restoration of homeostasis at the conclusion of immune responses and to safeguarding against the detrimental effects of chronic inflammation and autoimmune pathology. In this lecture we will review the role of endogenous galectins and specific N- and O-glycans interaction that together promote regulatory signals that control immune cell homeostasis. We will also discuss the mechanisms by which glycan-dependent regulatory programs integrate into canonical circuits that amplify or silence immune responses related to autoimmunity. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Nonproductive Rearrangement of DNA Topoisomerase I and II Genes: Correlation With Resistance to Topoisomerase Inhibitors
Authors: K. B. Tan, M. R. Mattern, W.-K. Eng, F. L. McCabe, R. K. Johnson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Topoisomerase inhibitors comprise an important group of agents that is used in cancer treatment. Because the development of resistance to cancer chemotherapeutic agents represents a major limitation of cancer chemotherapy, we investigated the mechanism of resistance by murine P388 leukemia to camptothecin (topoisomerase I inhibitor) or amsacrine (topoisomerase II inhibitor). The resistant cells contained reduced levels of topoisomerase activity and messenger RNA. The topoisomerase gene of these cells was rearranged (only in one allele) and hypermethylated. These topoisomerase gene alterations probably resulted in reduced transcription and, thus, enzyme production, which was correlated with resistance to the topoisomerase inhibitor. [J Natl Cancer Inst 81:1732–1735, 1989]
Comparison of the Sensitivity of Early Versus Delayed Imaging With Tc-99m HMPAO WBC in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: MARTIN CHARRON, JOSE FERNANDO DEL ROSARIO, SAMUEL KOCOSHIS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

The difference in sensitivity of early imaging at 30 minutes after injection of Tc-99m HMPAO WBC versus delayed imaging at 2 or 3 hours for depiction of active inflammation in children with inflammatory bowel disease was established. The charts of 220 children who had early (30-minute) and delayed (2 or 3 hours) imaging performed for evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease were reviewed. There were 107 boys and 113 girls (average age, 12 years; median, 13 years). The bowel was divided into eight segments (with the total for all patients being 3,520) graded on a scale of 0 to 6 (with reference points in the iliac crest and liver). Any grade ≥1 was abnormal. The uptake in each segment was summed. One hundred and twenty-two studies were abnormal (55%). The average uptake in the early images was 5.1 ± 0.41 and that in the late images was 9.3 ± 0.64. The Friedman nonparametric test of comparison of rank was significant at the 0.001 level. One hundred and five patients had abnormal studies at 30 minutes (88%). An additional 12% of patients had abnormal studies only on the late images. There were 245 abnormal segments at 30 minutes and 413 abnormal segments at 2 or 3 hours. When the uptake was analyzed segment by segment, 62 patients (52%) had abnormal segments at 30 minutes but also had additional abnormal segments at 3 hours. Sensitivity of Tc-99m HMPAO WBC imaging was significantly improved when late imaging was performed.
Atherosclerotic Disease of the Aortic Arch and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Pierre Amarenco, Ariel Cohen, Christophe Tzourio, Bernard Bertrand, Marc Hommel, Gerard Besson, Christophe Chauvel, Pierre-Jean Touboul, Marie-Germaine Bousser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Atherosclerotic disease of the aortic arch has been suspected to be a potential source of cerebral emboli. We conducted a study to quantify the risk of ischemic stroke associated with atherosclerotic disease of the aortic arch.
Abstract 2714: Colorectal Cancer in young (&amp;lt;50 years old) African Americans, Could race be a risk factor? A 20 years experience in an inner city teaching hospital
Authors: Hassan Ashktorab, Roshila Mohammed, Mehdi Nouraie, Hassan Brim, Edward Lee, Firoozeh Ghadyari, Tara Moon, Aparna D. Yepuri, Marwah Zahaf, Duane T. Smoot
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer, and survival in African Americans (AAs) is worse than Caucasians. Some studies suggest that the incidence of CRC is higher in AA patients below the age of 50 when compared to Caucasians. This study aims to confirm the higher prevalence of CRC in an AA population less than 50, and its implications to the screening guidelines. METHOD: In a retrospective study demographic data, indication and outcome of colonoscopy, and biopsy data were collected at Howard University Hospital (HUH) over a period of 21 years (1989-2008). All of the study patients were (AA), and cases were classified either symptomatic average risk (91%); or high risk (family history, IBD) (9%). Distribution of variables was studied by median (inter-quartile range) or number (%). RESULTS: Seventy five CRC cases younger than 50 years old were recorded from 1989 to 2008 at HUH. Median age (inter-quartile range) of these patients were 43 (40-46) years and 35 (47%) were female. Among them 55 (73%) were adenocarcinoma and 43 (57%) were located at left colon. In the same period a total of 671 CRC was recorded in HUH. We compared this data with 4591 CRC cases who were registered at District of Colombia (DC) from 1996 to 2007. While in HUH 11% of all CRC cases were under 50, this ratio for DC area was 9% (P=0.1). Among HUH patients 4%, 16% and 80% were 20-29, 30-39 and 40-49 years old, respectively. In DC area these ratios were 3%, 26% and 70% (P = 0.2). Among HUH tumors with available data 49%, 40%, 11% were local, regional, distant and unknown extension, while these proportions in DC area were 40%, 37%, 23% (P=0.018), respectively. CONCLUSION: Our data showed a high burden of colorectal CRC in young AAs (&amp;lt;50). CRC rate of 80% (60/75) was seen for the age group of 40-49, which indicates cancer in AAs may starts at younger age than predicted (&amp;lt;45). The American College of Gastroenterology recommends to start screening of AAs at age of 45, but this may not cover many high risk people who are younger than 45. Further study is needed on AAs to confirm these findings. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2714.
AB0647 Brucellar spondylodiscitis in north of tunisia: retrospective evaluation of the epidemiological, clinical and radiological features
Authors: H. Sahli, R. Tekaya, L. Dridi, O. Saidane, I. Mahmoud, L. Abdelmoula, L. Chaabouni, R. Zouari
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Brucellosis is frequent in Mediterranean countries such as Tunisia. This disease is characterized by osteoarticular manifestations and may involve the spine. <h3>Objectives</h3> To study epidemiological, clinical features and radiological findings of patients with brucellar spondylodiscitis. <h3>Methods</h3> We studied retrospectively medical records of twelve patients with brucellar spondylodiscitis, recruited among 103 patients with SPD hospitalized in the department of rheumatology between 2001 and 2012. <h3>Results</h3> They were 6 men and 6 women. Mean age was 55 years (range 33 to 79 years). Predisposing factors were noted in 2 cases: diabetes mellitus and cirrhosis. The following symptoms were observed: inflammatory back pain (12 cases), sciatalgia with neurological signs (4 cases), weight loss (11 cases), fever (9 cases) and sweating (n=7). One patient had symptoms of spinal cord compression. Mean symptoms duration was about 3,6 months (range 1,5-6 months). Unpasteurized milk consumption or cattle breeding were found in 8 cases. C Reactive protein level was increased in 8 cases. Lymphopenia was noted in 4 cases. Wright serology was positive in all cases. The spondylodiscitis was located in only one stage in all cases: the lumbar spine (8 cases), thoracic (3 cases) and cervical (1 case). Standard-X ray showed narrowing of intervertebral space (10 cases), endplate destruction (8 cases), bone condensation (1 case) and were normal in one case. MRI were performed in all cases and showed low signal intensity on T1- weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images of the vertebral bodies, endplates and intervertebral disc in all cases. Three patients had paravertebral abcess formation, 8 had epidural extension and one had posterior longitudinal ligament elevation and 2 had psoas abscess. Bone biopsy and histopathological examination were performed in nine cases. All of patients were treated with the combinations of 2 antibiotics (tetracycline and rifampicin) for 3 to 6 months. Patient with spinal cord compression died. One patient developed pulmonary embolism and another a thrombophlebitis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Diagnosis and treatment of brucellar spondylodiscitis should be done early to prevent serious complications, as the neurological ones. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
THU0142 Safety of Glucocorticoids for Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials:
Authors: S. Mitrovic, L. Fardet, C. Vatier, T. Barnetche, T. Schaeverbeke, C. Gaujoux-Viala
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Several studies have shown structural and clinical benefit of corticotherapy (CT) for 1 to 2 years treatment of recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, because of its numerous adverse effects (AE), CT prescription is still under debate. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study is to evaluate the tolerance to CT for early RA <h3>Methods</h3> We carried out a systematic literature review on PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library until July 2013. The research was manually completed by the analysis of all references identified and of all abstracts presented at ACR and EULAR conferences of the past 2 years. All randomised placebo-controlled trials conducted on adult patients recently diagnosed (&lt;3 years) with RA were selected. Data regarding AE, serious AE, arterial hypertension (HTN), diabetes, gastrointestinal AE, cephalgia, osteoporotic fractures and ophthalmic complications within 2 years of treatment were collected. Discontinuations due to treatment intolerance were also taken into account. Pooled Odds-Ratios were calculated by meta-analysis using the Mantel-Haensen method. In case of significant heterogeneity, a random-effects model was used. Sensitivity analyses were based on the dose used (low-dose ≤10mg/day of equivalent prednisone and high-dose) and duration of treatment. <h3>Results</h3> Out of 1367 selected articles 16 were analysed. These were based on 12 randomised controlled trails involving a total of 2481 patients (mean age=54 years, 67% of women, mean of RA progression=5.3 months). Eight studies were based on low-dose CT and 4 on high-dose CT. A significant higher number of epigastralgia but not ulcers were reported in the CT group compared to placebo. No other significant difference could be observed in terms of AE (see table). <h3>Conclusions</h3> CT associated with background treatment is well tolerated in recent-onset RA, with only an increase of epigastralgia events in the first two years of treatment. Although patients included in clinical trials are selected and subject to long term AE, a low-dose may be recommended for early RA. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> : None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5481
Patients with Alcohol Problems
Authors: Patrick G. O'Connor, Richard S. Schottenfeld
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Alcohol use is associated with many health problems,1,2 along with 100,000 deaths and an annual economic cost of $100 billion in the United States.1 From the perspective of generalist physicians, the term "alcohol problems" (problems caused by alcohol that may require treatment) refers to a broad array of acute and chronic medical, behavioral, and social problems that may affect their patients.3 Up to 40 percent of medical and surgical patients have alcohol problems, and alcohol use accounts for more than 15 percent of health care costs.1,3 Alcohol problems may be acute or chronic, may range from mild to . . .
NOVEL NON-INVASIVE INDEX OF MYOCARDIAL MASS AT RISK CALCULATED FROM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY DATA SHOWED SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION WITH ACTUAL MYOCARDIAL MASS AT RISK IN SWINE HEARTS
Authors: Seiko Ide, Satoru Sumitsuji, Kensuke Yokoi, Masatoki Yoshida, Isamu Mizote, Masaki Awata, Keita Yamasaki, Koichi Tachibana, Shinsuke Nanto, Yasushi Sakata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
OP0208-HPR Three Year Course and Prediction of Physical Functioning in TNFI Treated as Patients
Authors: S. Van Weely, E. Kneepkens, M. Nurmohamed, M. Steultjens, J. Dekker, I. van der Horst-Bruinsma
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> There is a lack of observational studies exploring the long-term course of physical functioning in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients receiving TNF-inhibitors (TNFi) in daily clinical care. <h3>Objectives</h3> To predict the 3 year course of physical functioning in AS patients routinely treated with TNFi in daily clinical practice. <h3>Methods</h3> AS patients eligible for treatment with etanercept (50 mg subcutaneously (SC) every week) (n=174) or adalimumab (40 mg SC every 2 weeks) (n=81) were followed in a prospective observational cohort for 3 years. Prediction models were developed with linear mixed modelling using backward regression with 17 baseline variables. The Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI) questionnaire was used as outcome measure for function. <h3>Results</h3> At baseline 255 patients were included (68% male), with a mean age of 44 (±11) years, active disease (Bath AS Disease Activity Index 5.8±1.9) and mean BASFI of 5.4±2.4. There is a progressive and significant improvement in physical functioning during the first 24 weeks after the start of TNFi treatment (BASFI 24 weeks 3.3±2.6), followed by a stable course over time (BASFI 3 years 3.6±2.5) (figure). Therefore, these two time periods were analysed separately: from baseline up to 24 weeks and from 24 weeks up to 3 years follow-up. Mean follow-up duration was 1 year. During the first period patients &lt;40 years, with lower BASFI values, absence of co morbidity and physically active at baseline had a more favourable course of physical functioning. This can result in a (clinically significant) difference of 2 points on the BASFI after 24 weeks compared with patients having the opposite characteristics. After 24 weeks up to 3-years, patients who were &lt;40 years, HLA-B27 positive and had lower BASFI, BASMI and CRP values at baseline performed better. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study shows that improvement of physical functioning in TNFi treated AS patients continues up to 24 weeks, which is longer than the 3 months commonly used to evaluate the efficacy of TNFi therapy. The 3 year course is more favourable in patients &lt;40 years and less physical limitations (BASFI) at baseline. Awareness of factors predicting physical function in TNFi treated AS patients could influence treatment strategy and potentially creates possibilities to optimize treatment. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2452
Idiopathic Diffuse Hyperplasia of Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cells and Airways Disease
Authors: S M Aguayo, Y E Miller, J A Waldron, R M Bogin, M E Sunday, G W Staton, W R Beam, T E King
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

IN contrast to fetal lungs, in which neuroendocrine cells are abundant and are thought to play a part in the paracrine regulation of lung development, normal adult lungs contain few neuroendocrine cells.1 2 3 4 5 6 However, neuroendocrine-cell hyperplasia is frequently observed in subjects living at high altitude7 and in association with various lung diseases, particularly among cigarette smokers.8 9 10 11 12 13 Although the role of neuroendocrine cells in these conditions remains unclear, it is speculated that hyperplasia of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells is an adaptive response to hypoxia7 or a secondary process associated with chronic lung disease.7 8 9 10 11 12 Recent investigations suggest, however, that alterations in neuroendocrine-cell physiology may . . .
Evidence Based Medicine--How to Practice and Teach EBM
Authors: K. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1996)

David L Sackett, W Scott Richardson, William Rosenberg, R Brian Haynes Churchill Livingstone, £14.99, pp 250 ISBN 0 443 05686 2

The health reforms in Britain during the 1990s have brought with them a profusion of buzz words and ideas—from the “purchaser-provider split” to the “primary care led NHS.” The most challenging innovation, however, is presented by the concept of evidence based medicine. The first forgivable response of any doctor to this seeming jargon is likely to be “Well, of course—that's what I always do,” but these words may well be accompanied by a glazed, if not shifty, look in the eyes. The second response, perhaps more thoughtful and certainly more honest, will be a degree of confusion: “What does it really …
Differentiation Therapy Forces Cancer Cells to Mature
Authors: Tom Reynolds
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Differentiation Therapy Forces Cancer Cells to Mature Get access Tom Reynolds Tom Reynolds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 17, 4 September 1991, Pages 1209–1211, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.17.1209 Published: 04 September 1991
A Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant Weekly Paclitaxel with and without Trastuzumab in Elderly Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Y. Sasaki, C. Shimizu, M. Koudaira, M. Yunokawa, H. Yamamoto, K. Yonemori, K. Tamura, Y. Fujiwara, M. Ando
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)