tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Continuous negative external pressure (cNEP) reduces respiratory impairment during screening colonoscopy: a pilot study
Authors: Susan Kais, Kenneth Klein, Richard Rose, Sarah Endemann, Walter Coyle
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

<b>Background and study aims: </b>Drugs administered during gastrointestinal procedures cause increased collapsibility of the upper airway, which may lead to respiratory impairment. We evaluated the ability of continuous negative external pressure (cNEP) to lessen respiratory impairment during screening colonoscopy. <b>Patients and methods: </b>The initial 24 patients served as controls, while the next 30 received cNEP. cNEP was delivered by a soft silicone collar placed over the anterior neck. The primary endpoint was the frequency of respiratory impairment, defined as either: (i) a decline from baseline of > 4 % in oxygen saturation, or (ii) apnea lasting ≥ 20 seconds. <b>Results: </b>Mean respiratory impairment episodes were 3.50 in the no-cNEP group vs. 1.92 in the cNEP group, a reduction of 45 % (<i>P</i> = 0.022). Apneas ≥ 20 seconds occurred in 74 % of the no-cNEP group and 28 % of the cNEP group (<i>P</i> = 0.002). While 42 % of the no-cNEP group required increased supplemental oxygen, this was true for only 10 % of the cNEP group (<i>P</i> = 0.01). cNEP adverse events were minimal. <b>Conclusions: </b>During screening colonoscopy, sedation-related respiratory impairment is significantly reduced by cNEP. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01895062.
Fluticasone furoate and vilanterol and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with heightened cardiovascular risk (SUMMIT): a double-blind randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jørgen Vestbo, Julie A Anderson, Robert D Brook, Peter M A Calverley, Bartolome R Celli, Courtney Crim, Fernando Martinez, Julie Yates, David E Newby
Journal: The Lancet (2016)
Treatment of human breast tumors by oncolytic herpes simplex virus.
Authors: R. Liu, J. Wang, J. Li, S. D. Rabkin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e13605 Background: Oncolytic replication-competent herpes simplex virus (HSV) can infect, replicate and kill tumor cells by a direct cytopathic effect and then spread within the tumor. G47Δ is a third-generation HSV vector. In this study, the cytotoxicity of G47Δ was examined in different human breast cancer(BC) cell lines, immortalized and normal human breast cells. A pulmonary metastasis model of BC was used to evaluate the efficacy of G47Δ treatment. Methods: Human BC cell lines SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-453, MCF-7, and ZR-75-1, immortalized breast cells MCF-10A and 76N-tert, and cultured primary normal breast cells HMEC1 and HMEC2 were cultured in vitro and infected with G47Δ at different multiplicities of infection (MOIs). The viability of infected cells was measured. G47Δ-infected cells were identified using X-gal histochemistry for LacZ expression. A pulmonary metastatic BC model was established with Balb-c nude mice by tail vein injection of MDA-MB-435 cells. Treatment was initiated 21 days after injection of tumor cells, with the virus group treated twice weekly with four total i.v. administrations of G47Δ (2×107pfu/100ul) and on day 60 mice were sacrificed and tumor nodules on the surface of the lung counted after Indian ink staining. Results: G47Δ was highly cytotoxic to BC cells and 76N-tert in vitro at very low MOI (0.01). For all of the BC cell lines, more than 85% and 95% cells were killed at MOI=0.01 and MOI=0.1 respectively on the fifth day after infection. However, both HMEC1 and HMEC2 cells were viable even 5 days after infection. A slight effect was found with MCF-10A, of which only 7% and 24.5% were killed at MOI=0.01 and MOI=0.1 respectively on day 5. In the pulmonary metastatic model, the average number of surface lung tumor nodules in the G47D group was one, but ten in the control group. X-gal staining illustrated viral replication and spread in the tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: Recently constructed G47Δ was effective at killing human BC cells and immortalized breast cells, but not normal breast cells. Systemic administration of G47Δ by tail vein was effective in inhibiting the growth of lung metastates of BC. The specificity and efficacy of this novel cancer therapy warrants further investigation and consideration of clinical application. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
PWE-225 Choice of enteral feeding tube in the non-surgical oncology setting: Abstract PWE-225 Table 1
Authors: R White, S Freemantle, R Bracegirdle, S Chowdhury, M Roy, O Kegey, M Siemicka
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Enteral nutrition (EN) may be indicated in non-surgical oncology patients if they are undernourished or cannot obtain adequate nutritional intake from the oral route alone.<sup>1</sup>The choice of feeding tube depends on several factors including gastro-intestinal (GI) tract accessibility, indication for EN and how long EN is required. Local resources such as access to gastroenterology and interventional radiology may also influence the type of tube inserted. The aim of this service evaluation was to determine the type of enteral feeding tube used in this population and their associated complications. <h3>Method</h3> We undertook a retrospective review of dietetic records between January 2013 and December 2014 for all patients who required home EN. Data was analysed descriptively. Head and neck and upper GI patients were excluded as this data is collected by separate specialist teams. <h3>Results</h3> 17 patients were initiated on EN at home during the data collection period. 12 patients had lung cancer, 2 lymphoma, 2 breast cancer and 1 colorectal cancer. Table 1shows the type and duration of feeding tube used. All the 11 patients fed for &gt;30 days started with a NGT. 3 were eventually converted to gastrostomies, 4 were clinically unwell and never stable enough to be considered for a gastrostomy, for 1 patient gastrostomy insertion was contraindicated and 3 patients were predicted to respond sooner to treatment and resume oral intake. 10 (59%) patients experienced complications related to their feeding tube. Of those the most common complications reported were with NGTs. 5 patients (29%) had tubes replaced due to blockage or accidental falling out and 3 patients (18%) had repeated difficulties obtaining aspirates or pH of aspirates &lt;5.5 prior to feeding. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There was heavy reliance on NGTs as a route of feeding including those requiring feeding for &gt;30 days. It may be more appropriate to consider a gastrostomy insertion for those feeding medium to long term as these are commonly associated with less complications.<sup>2</sup>We encounter repeated problems with blocked NGTs and difficulties with obtaining gastric aspirates. We therefore need to review our practices in terms of information, training and ongoing support provided to patients in order to reduce these types of complications. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Arends J, <i>et al</i>. ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: Non surgical oncology. Clin Nutr. 2006;25:245–259. Gomes J, <i>et al</i>. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus nasogastric tube feeding for adults with swallowing disturbances. The Cochrane Library, Issue 11, 2011.
AB0731 Investigation of Regulatory T Cells in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: E. Ugor, D. Simon, R. Pap, P. Németh, T. Minier, L. Czirják, T. Berki
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs. It is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition in the skin and internal organs accompanied by vascular damage and alterations of immune function. Regulatory T cells take part in the regulation of the immune system, development of tolerance against self antigens and the inhibition of autoimmunity. The role of Tregs seem to be essential in the pathogenesis of SSc. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of our work was to study the changes in the ratio of Treg populations and their cytokine production in peripheral blood samples of SSc patients compared to healthy controls (HC) and to evaluate the changes in relation to the activity and severity of the disease. <h3>Methods</h3> Peripheral blood samples were collected from SSc patients regularly visiting the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology not on immunosuppressive therapy and from HCs. PBMCs were isolated using ficoll gradient centrifugation and stimulated with the combination of PMA/ionomycin/brefeldin. Tregs (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+CD127-), Treg subgroups based on CD62L positivity and their cytokine production (IL-10, TGFβ) were investigated using flow cytometry. <h3>Results</h3> The ratio of Treg cells was increased in SSc compared to HCs while percentage of the IL-10 producing Tregs was lower. The ratio of CD62L+ Treg cells was higher in SSc than in HCs and their TGFβ producing proportion was decreased. The percentage of the IL-10 producing CD62L+ Treg cells was lower in active SSc compared to the inactive group. <h3>Conclusions</h3> According to our results the alterations of the ratio of Treg populations and their cytokine producing proportion in SSc patients is different from HCs and correlates with the activity of the disease. Consequently our study can help the early diagnostics of SSc and the assessment of its activity. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Risk Stratification and Emerging Treatment Strategies in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Margaret R. O’Donnell
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2013)

Two major prognostic factors for outcomes with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy center on cytogenetic/molecular markers and patient age. With the paucity of novel agents available for the treatment of AML, clinicians are forced to fine-tune existing treatment strategies based on risk status to achieve the best results. Dr. Margaret R. O'Donnell of the City of Hope Cancer Center explored the prognostic implications of molecular mutations and other risk factors in the treatment of AML and presented an update of the current treatment strategies, sharing relevant clinical trial data on which recommendations are based. She also provided a glimpse of a novel non-chemotherapy approach to acute promyelocytic leukemia, which has had a major impact on treatment guidelines for this hematologic malignancy.
A new paradigm in the management of anorectal melanoma: Trans-anal excision with sphincter preservation and sentinel node biopsy
Authors: D. M. Iddings, S. L. Chen, M. B. Faries, L. Long, R. Essner, D. L. Morton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

8513 Background: Anorectal melanoma is rare and highly lethal. Historically this disease has often been treated with abdominoperineal (APR) resection and delayed groin dissection for nodal relapse. As an alternative we have investigated trans-anal excision (TAE) with sphincter preservation and lymphatic mapping with sentinel node biopsy (SNB). We compared the outcomes of this more conservative treatment plan between our institutional data (JWCI) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data. Methods: JWCI prospective melanoma database (1974–2006) and the SEER database (1973–2003) were searched for pts diagnosed with anorectal melanoma (n=60 vs. n=183, respectively). Treatment, types of recurrence, and survival were recorded. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Lymphoscintography revealed lymphatic drainage to superficial inguinal nodal basin(s) in all cases. Among JWCI pts, the proportion of pts requiring delayed lymphadenectomy was significantly lower when TAE was performed with SNB versus without SNB (10.0% vs. 58.8%; p=0.018). Among JWCI lymphadenectomy specimens, immediate lymphadenectomy for a positive SNB was associated with fewer metastatic lymph nodes than delayed lymphadenectomy for palpable nodal recurrences (1.6 vs. 2.9; p=0.029), suggesting disease progression during observation. Over the past decade, APR rates were 11.5% for JWCI pts and 43.2% for and SEER pts, (p=0.004). JWCI pts and the SEER pts had median survivals of 33 and 17 months, respectively (p=0.009). TAE versus APR did not adversely affect the survival of JWCI pts (39 vs. 23 months; p=0.010) or SEER pts (18 vs. 16 months; p=0.875). Conclusion: Lymphatic mapping with SNB accurately identified the inguinal nodal basin as the most frequently involved basin and reduced the rate of recurrence and extent of nodal involvement. In this study, the largest to analyze surgical treatment and outcomes for pts with anorectal melanoma in the United States, national TAE rates differed from those at a tertiary melanoma center. TAE did not adversely affect survival in either dataset. Therefore, TAE plus SNB is preferred when negative margins can be obtained; APR should be reserved for locally advanced tumors that cannot be removed by TAE. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of a Highly Improved Anticancer Prodrug Activated by Histone Deacetylases and Cathepsin L
Authors: Nobuhide Ueki, Wei Wang, Cooper Swenson, Caroline McNaughton, Nicole S. Sampson, Michael J. Hayman
Journal: Theranostics (2016)

Lack of absolute selectivity against cancer cells is a major limitation for current cancer therapies.In the previous study, we developed a prodrug strategy for selective cancer therapy using a masked cytotoxic agent puromycin [Boc-Lys(Ac)-Puromycin], which can be sequentially activated by histone deacetylases (HDACs) and cathepsin L (CTSL) to kill cancer cells expressing high levels of both enzymes.Despite the promise as a selective cancer therapy, its requirement of relatively high dosage could be a potential issue in the clinical setting.To address this issue, we aimed to further improve the overall efficacy of our prodrug strategy.Since the proteolytic cleavage by CTSL is the rate-limiting step for the drug activation, we sought to improve the substrate structure for CTSL activity by modifying the α-amino protecting group of lysine.Here we show that protection with Fmoc [Fmoc-Lys(Ac)-Puromycin] exhibits a marked improvement in overall anticancer efficacy compared to the original Boc-Lys(Ac)-Puromycin and this is mainly due to the highly efficient cellular uptake besides its improved substrate structure.Furthermore, to address a concern that the improved drug efficacy might direct high toxicity to the normal cells, we confirmed that Fmoc-Lys(Ac)-Puromycin still retains excellent cancer selectivity in vitro and no obvious systemic off-target toxicity in vivo.Thus our preclinical evaluation data presented here demonstrate that the Fmoc-Lys(Ac)-Puromycin exhibits substantially improved anticancer efficacy, further supporting our approach for the selective cancer therapy.
Biases and Heuristics in Decision Making and Their Impact on Autonomy
Authors: J. S. Blumenthal-Barby
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2016)

Cognitive scientists have identified a wide range of biases and heuristics in human decision making over the past few decades. Only recently have bioethicists begun to think seriously about the implications of these findings for topics such as agency, autonomy, and consent. This article aims to provide an overview of biases and heuristics that have been identified and a framework in which to think comprehensively about the impact of them on the exercise of autonomous decision making. I analyze the impact that these biases and heuristics have on the following dimensions of autonomy: understanding, intentionality, absence of alienating or controlling influence, and match between formally autonomous preferences or decisions and actual choices or actions.
Microcinematographic and Autoradiographic Study on the Pattern of 3H-Thymidine Uptake in the Life Cycle of the Individual Cell of the HeLa Strain In Vitro23
Authors: Sadao Kozuka, George E. Moore
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1966)

Journal Article Microcinematographic and Autoradiographic Study on the Pattern of 3H-Thymidine Uptake in the Life Cycle of the Individual Cell of the HeLa Strain In Vitro Get access Sadao Kozuka, Sadao Kozuka Cell Culture Laboratory, Roswell Park Memorial Institute (New York State Department of Health), Buffalo, New York 4Exchange visitor from the Department of Pathology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar George E. Moore George E. Moore Cell Culture Laboratory, Roswell Park Memorial Institute (New York State Department of Health), Buffalo, New York 5We are indebted to Professor Hisashi Tauchi for his advice and encouragement, and to Mr. William R. Rennagel for his assistance in preparing our manuscript for publication. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 36, Issue 4, April 1966, Pages 623–630, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/36.4.623 Published: 01 April 1966 Article history Received: 21 June 1965 Published: 01 April 1966
Vascularization Induced in the Cheek Pouch of the Syrian Hamster by Tumor and Nontumor Substances2
Authors: P. Shubik, R. Feldman, H. Garcia, B. A. Warren
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Vascularization Induced in the Cheek Pouch of the Syrian Hamster by Tumor and Nontumor Substances Get access P. Shubik, P. Shubik Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Feldman, R. Feldman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. Garcia, H. Garcia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. A. Warren B. A. Warren Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 57, Issue 4, October 1976, Pages 769–774, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/57.4.769 Published: 01 October 1976 Article history Received: 14 April 1975 Revision received: 05 February 1976 Accepted: 01 March 1976 Published: 01 October 1976
487P Establishment of novel multiplexed assay to detect EGFR mutations using ultra-sensitive digital PCR
Authors: H. Akamatsu, Y. Koh, R. Shibaki, K. Tabata, M. Kogure, A. Tanaka, A. Oka, K. Kanai, T. Kikuchi, A. Hayata, K. Akamatsu, H. Ueda, M. Nakanishi, N. Yamamoto
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
An &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt; Assay for Growth-Inhibiting Activity of Vinblastine&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: F. A. Valeriote, W. R. Bruce
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1965)

An in vitro assay has been developed for the growth-inhibiting activity of vinblastine (VLB), based on a reduction in the multiplication of Earle's L cells produced by 1 to 16 × 10−9 g VLB per ml. Results were expressed in growth-inhibiting units (GIU), defined as that activity which decreased cell growth by 50 percent over a 16-hour period (the doubling time for controls). The assay was used to measure the activity in the serum of mice given intraperitoneal injections of VLB. Serum activity (in GIU/ml) was given as G(D,t) = 20 De−0.2 for doses, D, from about 10 to 100 mg per kg and for times, t, from 1 to 10 hours following the injection.
P0428 : LPS-stimulated mouse hepatic stellate cells secrete specific factors that directly contribute to the acute phase response of hepatocytes
Authors: K. Breitkopf-Heinlein, R. Liebe, K. Waldow, S. Braun, M. Thomas, F. Schildberg, P. Knolle, U. Zanger, U. Klingmüller, M. Ebert, S. Dooley
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
TCTAP A-067 Does a Simple Clinical Bleeding Risk Scoring System Predict In-Hospital Bleeding Complications in Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention?
Authors: Harris A. Ngow, Seung-Woon Rha, Byoung Geol Choi, Se Yeon Choi, Shaopeng Xu, Jabar Ali, Jin Won Kim, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Incidental Detection of Subcutaneous Myopericytoma of Trunk on FDG PET/CT and Bone Scintigraphy for Imaging of Colon Cancer
Authors: Selin Soyluoglu Demir, Ali Sarikaya, Gul Ege Aktas, Fulya Oz Puyan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

Myopericytoma is a rare type of unusual soft tissue tumor with perivascular myoid differentiation. A 53-year-old man with the diagnosis of colon cancer was referred to Tc-MDP bone scan and F-FDG PET/CT for staging. A subcutaneous mass located in right lower back with heterogeneous FDG uptake was detected on PET/CT. There was increased osteoblastic activity on MDP bone scan in the same region. Mass was resected and subsequently confirmed as myopericytoma by histopathology.
Connective tissue diseases, multimorbidity and the ageing lung
Authors: Paolo Spagnolo, Jean-François Cordier, Vincent Cottin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

Connective tissue diseases encompass a wide range of heterogeneous disorders characterised by immune-mediated chronic inflammation often leading to tissue damage, collagen deposition and possible loss of function of the target organ. Lung involvement is a common complication of connective tissue diseases. Depending on the underlying disease, various thoracic compartments can be involved but interstitial lung disease is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality. Interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension or both are found most commonly in systemic sclerosis. In the elderly, the prevalence of connective tissue diseases continues to rise due to both longer life expectancy and more effective and better-tolerated treatments. In the geriatric population, connective tissue diseases are almost invariably accompanied by age-related comorbidities, and disease- and treatment-related complications, which contribute to the significant morbidity and mortality associated with these conditions, and complicate treatment decision-making. Connective tissue diseases in the elderly represent a growing concern for healthcare providers and an increasing burden of global health resources worldwide. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the immune functions in the elderly and evidence-based guidelines specifically designed for this patient population are instrumental to improving the management of connective tissue diseases in elderly patients.
Control of Tuberculosis -- The Law and the Public's Health
Authors: George J. Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

In their history of tuberculosis, The White Plague, Rene and Jean Dubos note that the first national movement to control tuberculosis in the United States came from the Medico-Legal Society of the City of New York, a group of lawyers, scientists, and physicians devoted to solving social problems1. At a meeting in 1900 to organize an American Congress on Tuberculosis, the group drafted legislation designed to prevent the spread of the disease. Even though almost every state eventually passed tuberculosis-control laws, it was not the passage of legislation, or even the development of effective treatment, that led to the . . .