tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tumor-Induced NETosis as a Risk Factor for Metastasis and Organ Failure
Authors: Jessica Cedervall, Yanyu Zhang, Anna-Karin Olsson
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract A large proportion of cancer-related deaths are caused by thrombosis and general organ failure. One example is acute renal failure, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Surprisingly, however, little is known about the situation in organs that are not targets for metastasis or affected by the primary tumor. Recently, neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) were implicated in tumor-induced effects on distant organs unaffected by the actual tumor cells. Formation of NETs (NETosis) was identified a decade ago as a mechanism by which the innate immune system protects us from infections, especially in situations with sepsis. NETs are formed when neutrophils externalize their nuclear DNA together with antimicrobial granule proteins and form a web-like structure that can trap and kill microbes. It is now becoming increasingly clear that NETs also form under noninfectious inflammatory conditions like cancer, thrombosis, autoimmunity, and diabetes and significantly contribute to disease development. The existence of NET-dissolving drugs like heparin and DNase I, already in clinical use, and recent development of specific inhibitors of protein-arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), an enzyme required for NET formation, should enable clinical targeting of NETosis. Preventing NETosis in cancer could provide a strategy to counteract tumor-induced thrombosis and organ failure as well as to suppress metastasis. Cancer Res; 76(15); 4311–5. ©2016 AACR.
Effect of First-Line Treatment on Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells’ Subpopulations in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Filippos Koinis, Eleni Kyriaki Vetsika, Despoina Aggouraki, Eleftheria Skalidaki, Anna Koutoulaki, Marianthi Gkioulmpasani, Vassilis Georgoulias, Athanasios Kotsakis
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)
A randomized phase I/II study to examine the contribution of carboplatin to cabazitaxel for the treatment of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with and without anaplastic features.
Authors: Paul Gettys Corn, Shi-Ming Tu, Amado J. Zurita, John C. Araujo, Lance C. Pagliaro, Christopher Logothetis, Ana Aparicio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

148 Background: We recently described “anaplastic” prostate carcinomas (PC), a clinically distinct variant of lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) that share clinical features with small cell carcinomas despite heterogeneous morphology. To test the hypothesis that anaplastic PC are uniquely sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy, we designed a randomized study of cabazitaxel with or without carboplatin in men with metastatic CRPC (mCRPC) stratified for the presence of at least 1 of 7 previously published anaplastic criteria (Aparicio, Clin Cancer Res 2013;19). Here we report results of the phase I study. Methods: Patients (pts) received intravenous cabazitaxel with carboplatin every 21 days with growth factor support and were imaged every two cycles. A 3+3 sequential dose-escalation design was employed to assess the frequency of dose-limiting toxicity after cycle one and establish a maximal tolerated dose (MTD). Three cohorts were tested: (i) cabazitaxel 20mg/m2 – carboplatin AUC 3, (ii) cabazitaxel 25 mg/m2 – carboplatin AUC 3, and (iii) cabazitaxel 25 mg/m2 - carboplatin AUC 4. Up to 10 cycles were administered in the absence of progression or toxicity. Results: Nine men with mCRPC (five anaplastic) previously treated with docetaxel, received a median of six cycles (2 to 10). All had bone involvement and 6 of 9 had RECIST measurable disease. An MTD was not identified. All pts reported 1 or more adverse event (AE) possibly treatment related (120 Grade 1; 53 Grade 2; 13 Grade 3), most commonly fatigue, anemia, nausea, and diarrhea. Grade 3 AE included anemia (n=2), fatigue (n=1), thrombocytopenia (n=1), hypomagnesemia (n=1), diarrhea (n=1), hypokalemia (n=1), and anorexia (n=1). Prostate-specific antigen declines of more than 70% occurred in 6 of 9 (67%) pts. Two of 6 pts had a partial response, three had stable disease, and one progressed. For pts with elevated bone markers at baseline, 2 of 3 had more than 50% declines in BAP and 4 of 7 had more than 30% declines in urinary N-telopeptide levels. Conclusions: The combination of cabazitaxel and carboplatin is safe and has significant clinical activity. The randomized phase II portion combines cabazitaxel 25 mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC4. Results will be updated at the time of the meeting. Clinical trial information: NCT01505868.
ATPS-47ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE AXL TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR BGB324 PROLONGS SURVIVAL OF GLIOBLASTOMA-BEARING MICE
Authors: Alexander Schulte, Katharina Kolbe, Isabel Ben-Batalla, Mark Wrobelewski, Manfred Westphal, Sonja Loges, Katrin Lamszus
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Overexpression of the Axl receptor tyrosine kinase is associated with a negative outcome for glioblastoma patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the specific Axl-inhibitor BGB 324 on glioma cell proliferation and migration in vitro as well as on orthotopic tumor growth in vivo. Axl expression was analyzed in adherent glioblastoma cell lines (N = 32) as well as in spherical stem-like glioblastoma cell lines (N = 9) by microarray and qPCR analyses, Western blot and flow cytometry. Axl was strongly expressed in glioblastoma cells with a proliferative, differentiated phenotype, such as G55 and U87, while its expression was weak in stem-like GBM cells. Full length Axl protein was present at the cell surface, while its soluble form sAxl was detectable in conditioned media and was released from the cells in a metalloproteinase-dependent fashion. The Axl ligand Gas6 was also present in conditioned medium, indicating an autocrine stimulation loop. In addition, unprocessed full length Axl was found in conditioned medium, suggesting an association of Axl with glioblastoma-derived exosomes. Erk1/2 and Akt phosphorylation induced by recombinant Gas6 was abrogated by interfering with Axl tyrosine kinase function using BGB324, resulting in a dose-dependent decrease in proliferation and cell migration. Most importantly, oral administration of 25 mg/kg BGB324 to tumor-bearing mice twice daily significantly increased the median survival of treated animals compared to vehicle controls for both G55 (23 vs 19 days, p < 0.0001) and U87 (26.5 vs 24days, p < 0.001) xenograft models. In summary, targeting Axl by oral administration of BGB324 appears a promising strategy for Axl-overexpressing glioblastoma cells that have undergone proliferative differentiation. The impact of Axl inhibition glioblastoma stem-like cells remains to be elucidated.
Selective Reduction of Tumor-igenicity of Tobacco Smoke. II. Experimental Approaches&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Dietrich Hoffmann, Ph.D., Ernest L. Wynder, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Selective Reduction of Tumor-igenicity of Tobacco Smoke. II. Experimental Approaches Get access Dietrich Hoffmann, Ph.D., Dietrich Hoffmann, Ph.D. American Health Foundation, New York, New York 10021 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ernest L. Wynder, M.D. Ernest L. Wynder, M.D. American Health Foundation, New York, New York 10021 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 48, Issue 6, June 1972, Pages 1855–1868, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/48.6.1855 Published: 01 June 1972
Case 35-1968
Authors: Alfred Kranes, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Presentation of Case First admission. A thirty-five-year-old man entered the hospital because of recurrent melena.He had been in good health until eight months previously, when there was an episode of fever and malaise, followed by sudden vomiting of bright-red blood; the stools were black. On examination at another hospital the hematocrit was 26 per cent, the white-cell count 18,500, and the platelet count 462,000. Despite the administration of 10 units of blood the bleeding continued. A laparotomy revealed a liter of straw-colored fluid in the peritoneal cavity; the spleen was very large, and the splenic vein was prominent . . .
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Magnetic Resonance ImagingM agnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses magnetic fields to provide images of body tissues, helping diagnosis of certain conditions in adults and in children.MRI can be used to look at all parts of the body, including the brain, the heart, blood vessels, the spinal cord, and the extremities.Unlike x-ray tests, computed tomography (CT scans), and angiography, MRI does not use ionizing radiation.However, MRIs are noninvasive tests, like x-rays and ultrasound.Having an MRI does not hurt, although it is essential for the patient to lie completely still during the examination.This may be difficult for individuals who have anxiety, pain, or claustrophobia (fear of enclosed spaces).Sedation may be available for those persons and for children who require an MRI.Because the equipment used in an MRI produces loud noises, earplugs may be used if the MRI does not include examination of the head.Open MRI machines have less sense of confinement and may be preferred by persons who have concerns about being in a small enclosed space.Extremely obese persons may not fit into traditional MRI scanners, but open MRI machines can accommodate larger individuals.Performance of MRIs, like CT scans and other imaging studies, is usually supervised by a radiologist (a physician with specialized training in medical imaging and interpretation of those images).The December 16, 2009, issue of JAMA includes an article about a study using MRI in persons with Alzheimer disease.
Seven-Year Efficacy of RTS,S/AS01 Malaria Vaccine among Young African Children
Authors: Ally Olotu, Gregory Fegan, Juliana Wambua, George Nyangweso, Amanda Leach, Marc Lievens, David C. Kaslow, Patricia Njuguna, Kevin Marsh, Philip Bejon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

The candidate malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS01 is being evaluated in order to inform a decision regarding its inclusion in routine vaccination schedules.
Surveillance européenne de la légionellose associée au voyage en 1996
Authors: C. R. Lane, C. A. Joseph, C. L. R. Bartlett
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1998)

Le Programme Europeen de Surveillance de la Legionellose Associee au Voyage a ete cree en 1987 pour identifier les cas groupes et les epidemies de cette maladie (1). Vingt-neuf centres collaborateurs dans 25 pays participent a la declaration des cas selon un format standardise. Le programme a recu le soutien de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Sante (OMS) et il est finance depuis 1993 par la Direction Generale V (DGV) de la Commission Europeenne (CE). Il est coordonne par le Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (CDSC) a Londres.
Efficacy of a one-year exercise program to prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women prescribed aromatase inhibitor therapy: An RCT.
Authors: Sharon Kilbreath, Kathryn M. Refshauge, Jane McNeil Beith, Leigh C. Ward, Philip Clifton-Bligh, Judy M. Simpson, Katrina H. Moore, Mi-Joung Lee, Lisa Nery
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e20533 Background: The aim of this single blinded RCT was to determine the effect of exercise on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women prescribed an aromatase inhibitor (AI) for the treatment of breast cancer. Methods: 66 sedentary, postmenopausal women, median age of 54.5 years, with early breast cancer and receiving an aromatase inhibitor participated. Women were stratified for taking tamoxifen prior to AI, and randomised to either the exercise (n = 27) or control (n = 39) group. All participants received daily vitamin D (1000 IU) and calcium carbonate (1200 mg) supplements and a booklet from Osteoporosis Australia outlining the benefits of exercise in preventing osteoporosis. The exercise group attended a gym three times per week for one year, supervised at regular intervals by a personal trainer, and were contacted weekly regarding progress and progression. Training sessions comprised warm-up, impact training, and resistance training. The control group was contacted monthly to monitor health status and to receive their supply of vitamins. The primary outcome was total hip BMD measured with a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer. The secondary outcomes included trochanteric, femoral neck, lumbar spine and whole body BMD and t-scores. Results: Intention-to-treat analysis revealed that the change in BMD was not significantly different between groups. At baseline, the mean (SD) total hip BMD in the control group was 0.892 (0.115) g/cm 2 and 0.878 (0.112) g/cm 2 at 1 yr. In contrast, hip BMD in the Exercise group was 0.918 (0.119) g/cm 2 at baseline and 0.910 (0.113) g/cm 2 at 1 yr. The mean (SD) change for both groups was &lt;1%. The mean T-score of the hip for Controls at baseline was -0.42 (0.94) and -0.53 (0.91) at 1 year. The baseline T-score for the Exercise group was -0.20 (0.95) and -0.26 (0.93) at one year. The average compliance with attendance for the exercise group was 71% but ranged from 20 to 100%. Compliance with vitamins for both groups was high. Conclusions: A one year exercise program did not provide additional benefit to bone density in women on AIs compared to receipt of calcium and vitamin D and advice to exercise. Clinical trial information: (ACTRN12608000220369).
Neurocognitive functioning in diffuse glioma patients prior to anti-tumor treatment: A systematic review.
Authors: Tom J. Snijders, Anniek E. Baumfalk, Martine J.E. Van Zandvoort, Pierre A. Robe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e13011 Background: Deficits in neurocognitive functioning (NCF) frequently occur in patients with diffuse (grade II-IV) gliomas and negatively influence quality of life. Besides therapy-related factors such as surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, the tumor itself also contributes to neurocognitive impairments. Because NCF in glioma patients has mostly been studied postoperatively, data about the role of the tumor itself in neurocognitive outcome are scarce. We aimed to summarize available data on NCF prior to anti-tumor treatment and to determine the overall and domain-specific prevalence of neurocognitive dysfunction in diffuse glioma. Methods: We searched Pubmed for studies that evaluated NCF in grade II-IV glioma patients prior to surgery or other anti-tumor treatment (1995 – Sept 2014). We extracted data about the domain-specific NCF of patients prior to anti-tumor treatment. Results: We included 21 studies, mostly small-scale observational prospective cohort studies. Patients were selected for certain tumor locations in 12 (57%) studies. In total, 49 different neurocognitive tasks were used. NCF was analyzed in 11 studies at the group level; 8 studies (73%) found significantly decreased mean NCF scores in glioma patients for one or more cognitive domains, involving most of the cognitive domains that were studied. Eleven studies (n = 281) reported the proportion of individuals with a cognitive impairment. An impairment in at least one cognitive domain was found in 58.6% of patients (95%CI 55.6 – 61.7). Patients with high-grade glioma more often exhibit cognitive impairments than patients with low-grade glioma (OR 4.0, 95%CI 1.6 – 10.3). Conclusions: The literature about NCF in glioma patients prior to anti-tumor treatment is heterogeneous with regards to patients characteristics (glioma location and grade) and neuropsychological tasks used. Risk of bias is high because of the small sample sizes and patient selection. From available data, cognitive impairment seems to occur in the majority of glioma patients prior to any anti-tumor treatment, and in all cognitive domains. These findings support the hypothesis that the tumor itself contributes significantly to NCF dysfunction in diffuse glioma.
PD-021 A single centre experience of the prognostic variables in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization
Authors: P. Aravind, K. Thillai, N. Heaton, A. Suddel, P. Kane, J. Karani, P. Peddu, D. Lewis, G. Alkadhimi, D. Sarker, P. Ross
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Massive Mobilization of AML Cells into Circulation by Disruption of Leukemia/Stroma Cell Interactions Using CXCR4 Antagonist AMD3100: First Evidence in Patients and Potential for Abolishing Bone Marrow Microenvironment-Mediated Resistance.
Authors: Michael Andreeff, Sergej Konoplev, Rui-Yu Wang, Zhihong Zeng, Teresa McQueen, Yue-Xi Shi, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Elihu Estey, John M. McCarty, Stephanie Elkins, Richard Champlin, Gary Calandra, Gary Bridger, Marina Konopleva
Journal: Blood (2006)
A group experience with chronically disabled adolescents
Authors: S Bayrakal
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

The author describes his experiences as the leader of a therapy group for adolescents with muscular dystrophy. The group progressed through discernible stages of dependence-flight, independence, regression, interdependence, disenchantment, and resolution. By the end of the experience, the group had developed more meaningful communication and interrelationships than they had exhibited previously. The author suggests that such groups could be helpful for other chronically disabled adolescents.
High-dose bee venom exposure induces similar tolerogenic B-cell responses in allergic patients and healthy beekeepers
Authors: T. Boonpiyathad, N. Meyer, M. Moniuszko, M. Sokolowska, A. Eljaszewicz, O. F. Wirz, M. M. Tomasiak-Lozowska, A. Bodzenta-Lukaszyk, K. Ruxrungtham, W. van de Veen
Journal: Allergy (2016)

Background The involvement of B cells in allergen tolerance induction remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the role of B cells in this process, by comparing B-cell responses in allergic patients before and during allergen immunotherapy (AIT) and naturally exposed healthy beekeepers before and during the beekeeping season. Methods Circulating B cells were characterized by flow cytometry. Phospholipase A2 (PLA)-specific B cells were identified using dual-color staining with fluorescently labeled PLA. Expression of regulatory B-cell-associated surface markers, interleukin-10, chemokine receptors, and immunoglobulin heavy-chain isotypes, was measured. Specific and total IgG1, IgG4, IgA, and IgE from plasma as well as culture supernatants of PLA-specific cells were measured by ELISA. Results Strikingly, similar responses were observed in allergic patients and beekeepers after venom exposure. Both groups showed increased frequencies of plasmablasts, PLA-specific memory B cells, and IL-10-secreting CD73−CD25+CD71+ BR1 cells. Phospholipase A2-specific IgG4-switched memory B cells expanded after bee venom exposure. Interestingly, PLA-specific B cells showed increased CCR5 expression after high-dose allergen exposure while CXCR4, CXCR5, CCR6, and CCR7 expression remained unaffected. Conclusions This study provides the first detailed characterization of allergen-specific B cells before and after bee venom tolerance induction. The observed B-cell responses in both venom immunotherapy-treated patients and naturally exposed beekeepers suggest a similar functional immunoregulatory role for B cells in allergen tolerance in both groups. These findings can be investigated in other AIT models to determine their potential as biomarkers of early and successful AIT responses.
Androgen Stimulation of Gross Cystic Disease Fluid Protein and Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Patients With Metastatic Breast Carcinoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: W G Dilley, G S Leight, J S Silva, S Ammirata, D E Haagensen, S A Wells
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Plasma levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the 15,000 molecular weight gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP-15) were determined in 30 patients with metastatic breast carcinoma before, during, and after treatment with fluoxymesterone. Within 2 weeks after initiation of treatment, plasma levels of GCDFP-15 increased 50% above basal values in 15 (79%) of 19 patients. Similar increases in plasma CEA levels occurred in only 5 (23%) of 22 patients. Eight (33%) of 24 patients achieved increases in GCDFP-15 of 500% or more above basal levels after 14-336 days of therapy, Within 2 weeks of fluoxymesterone termination, 14 (93%) of 15 patients had a decrease in plasma GCDFP-15 levels, and in 12 (80%) the decrease exceeded 33% (the inverse of a 50% increase). Conversly, only 5 (33%) of 15 patients experienced a decrease in plasma CEA levels within 2 weeks of therapy termination, and in only 1 (6.7%) subject did the decrement exceed 33%. Nine (90%) of 10 patients who had 50% increases in plasma GCDFP-15 during initial androgen therapy also had significant decreases in plasma GCDFP-15 following termination of therapy. Data on 3 prospectively studied patients demonstrated that plasma GCDFP-15 rose within 24 hours of initiation of fluoxymesterone therapy and continued to rise for at least 6 days. Increased plasma levels of GCDFP-1 5 were reflected in increased urinary excretion of the glycoprotein.
Families of manic-depressive patients: effect of treatment
Authors: J A Mayo, R A O'Connell, J D O'Brien
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

The authors studied the families of 12 patients with bipolar manic-depressive illness. They measured family stability using a life events scale for a 2-year period before lithium treatment and for 2 years during lithium treatment. The patients responded well to treatment; they were able to resume normal roles within the family. The life events scores decreased substantially during treatment in comparison with before treatment. The most severe impact of the illness was found in the children: 45% (N = 10) were moderately ill or symptomatic. The authors discuss the effect of manic-depressive illness on the family system as a whole and emphasize the need to combine psychosocial treatment with lithium treatment.
The recurrence of mania: environmental factors and medical treatment
Authors: P B Lieberman, J S Strauss
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

Three patients experienced recurrent manic episodes while taking lithium at levels that previously had been effective. In each case, the patient's decompensation followed a life stress. These stresses, which had a striking similarity, involved conflictual situations in which the patient felt impelled to pursue activities contrary to his or her own interests and aspirations. The activities, often involving the patient's family, seemed impossible to avoid. These clinical examples, together with several reports from the literature, suggest that pharmacological, psychodynamic, and situational forces may need to be considered together to allow more accurate conceptualization and to prevent recurrence of mania.
Comprehensive T-Cell Receptor Repertoire Analysis Using Deep Sequencing and Single Cell Cloning Reveals Extreme Oligoclonality of Ex Vivo Expanded Cytomegalovirus-Reactive Cytotoxic T-Cells
Authors: Takahiko Miyama, Takakazu Kawase, Kazutaka Kitaura, Ren Chishaki, Masashi Shibata, Kumi Oshima, Hiroshi Hamana, Hiroyuki Kishi, Kiyotaka Kuzushima, Hiroh Saji, Ryuji Suzuki, Tatsuo Ichinohe
Journal: Blood (2015)
The ABC-stroke risk score was superior to the CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc score for predicting stroke in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Graeme J. Hankey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Source Citation Hijazi Z, Lindbäck J, Alexander JH, et al; ARISTOTLE and STABILITY Investigators. The ABC (age, biomarkers, clinical history) stroke risk score: a biomarker-based risk score for predicting stroke in atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J. 2016 Feb 25. [Epub ahead of print] 26920728