tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Concentrations of desipramine in elderly women
Authors: N R Cutler, A P Zavadil, C Eisdorfer, R J Ross, W Z Potter
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

Seven elderly depressed women were given desipramine, and plasma concentrations of the drug were measured from blood samples drawn after a single dose and during long-term use. The concentrations were no different from those found in younger patients. Aging does not seem to alter the plasma concentration of desipramine, and the authors conclude that the increased incidence and severity of the drug's side effects are probably not due to high drug concentrations.
The contributions of adjusted ambient ultraviolet B radiation at place of residence and other determinants to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations
Authors: D. Kelly, E. Theodoratou, S.M. Farrington, R. Fraser, H. Campbell, M.G. Dunlop, L. Zgaga
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

ObjectivesTo describe ambient UVB radiation at wavelengths that induce vitD synthesis (vitD‐UVB) in Scotland, and to examine the relationship to serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD).
Anemia of chronic renal failure
Authors: L Estevam Ianhez, E Sabbaga, V Maspes, M Jamra
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Anemia is one of the most characteristic and visable manifestations of chronic renal failure.Investigators in the past decade have provided a better understanding of this anemia.The etiology of the anemia of chronic renal failure has three facets : first is reduced erythropoietin production by dam aged kidneys; second is the presence of inhibitors to red blood cell (RBC) production in uremic serum; and third is red blood cell hemolysis.Unfortunately, transfusion therapy with its expense and risk of transmissable viral disease remains the mainstay of management for symptomatic anemia.Other modalities include dialysis, androgens, histidine supplem en tation, and erythropoietin replacement.
Clinical Trials Infrastructure as a Quality Improvement Intervention in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Avram Denburg, Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, Steven Joffe
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2016)

Mounting evidence suggests that participation in clinical trials confers neither advantage nor disadvantage on those enrolled. Narrow focus on the question of a "trial effect," however, distracts from a broader mechanism by which patients may benefit from ongoing clinical research. We hypothesize that the existence of clinical trials infrastructure—the organizational culture, systems, and expertise that develop as a product of sustained participation in cooperative clinical trials research—may function as a quality improvement lever, improving the quality of care and outcomes of all patients within an institution or region independent of their individual participation in trials. We further contend that this "infrastructure effect" can yield particular benefits for patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The hypothesis of an infrastructure effect as a quality improvement intervention, if correct, justifies enhanced research capacity in LMIC as a pillar of health system development.
Abstract IA16: Endometriosis-related ovarian cancer.
Authors: Ie-Ming Shih
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Endometriosis-related ovarian neoplasms (ERONs) include clear cell carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, and, least frequently, seromucinous carcinomas. They belong to a unique group of ovarian tumors in that unlike other histotypes of ovarian cancer, these tumors are frequently associated with endometriosis, especially the lesions presenting as ovarian endometriotic cysts or endometriomas. ERONs usually present as large, unilateral, cystic neoplasms. In general, ERONs tend to behave in an indolent fashion because many of the diseases present at early clinical stages. When confined to the ovary, they have an excellent prognosis, but advanced stage tumors have a poor outcome. It has been demonstrated that ERONs can develop from endometriotic cyst epithelium through sequential stages of tumor progression. The microenvironment of an endometriotic cyst is highly inflammatory, and the cyst contains abundant iron-induced reactive oxygen species that are thought to be genotoxic and mutagenic. Chronic exposure of cystic epithelium to this microenvironment likely facilitates the accumulation of somatic molecular genetic changes that ultimately transform the cells and lead to tumor development. Molecular analyses of ERONs, including genome-wide analysis, have identified several alterations associated with aberrant activation or inactivation of pathways involving ARID1A, PI3K, Wnt, PP2A and mismatch repair. Specifically, canonical Wnt signaling pathway defects and microsatellite instability are more frequently detected in endometrioid carcinomas than in clear cell carcinomas. Among all of the molecular genetic changes identified to date, inactivating mutations of the ARID1A tumor suppressor gene are most common in ERON. Interestingly, ARID1A mutations are rarely observed in other types of ovarian cancer. ARID1A participates in the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, which plays a fundamental role in a variety of cellular processes, including DNA damage repair, telomere maintenance, transcription and DNA synthesis and methylation. The molecular events that dictate the development of different ERONs remain elusive, but studies using genetically engineered mouse models demonstrate that co-deletion of ARID1A and PTEN results in ovarian endometrioid carcinoma, while co-deletion of ARID1A and PIK3CA leads to formation of clear cell-like ovarian neoplasms in mice. However, deletion of ARID1A by itself is insufficient to drive ovarian tumor formation. Understanding the molecular changes and pathogenesis involved in the development of ERON is fundamental for future translational studies aimed at designing new diagnostic tests for outcome prediction and at identifying critical molecular features for target-based therapy. Citation Format: Ie-Ming Shih. Endometriosis-related ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA16.
Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: John Figgis Jewett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Frogel — Reuben Harry Frogel, M.D., of Braintree died on June 15. He was in his 74th year.Dr. Frogel received his degree from Middlesex University School of Medicine in 1933.Guthrie — Andrew Doherty Guthrie, M.D., of Winchester, died on June 23. He was in his 92d year.Dr. Guthrie received his degree from Tufts College Medical School in 1913. He was a member of the American Medical Association and a 50-year member of the Massachusetts Medical Society.Halpin — William Joseph Halpin, M.D., of Medford, died on May 18. He was in his 65th year.Dr. Halpin received . . .
Using sentinel surveillance to monitor effectiveness of influenza vaccine is feasible: A pilot study in Denmark
Authors: A Mazick, A H Christiansen, S Samuelsson, K Mølbak
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2006)

The influenza vaccine for the season 2003/04 did not contain the circulating A(H3N2)/Fujian virus strain. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates were needed but unavailable. We explored whether or not laboratory based influenza surveillance can be used to estimate VE. We carried out a case-control study nested within Danish sentinel surveillance. A case was defined as a person aged 25 or above with A(H3N2)/Fujian/411/02 influenza. Four controls per case, matched on age groups and time, were selected from clients of sentinel practitioners (SP) who reported cases. SPs collected the following data in structured one-page questionnaires: vaccination status, chronic illness and previous pneumococcal vaccination. We sent postal survey questionnaires to participating SPs to assess acceptability and simplicity of data collection. Twenty four cases were identified. Data from 19 case-control sets were analysed. One control was excluded because information on vaccination status was missing. Two of the 19 cases and 11 of 75 controls had been vaccinated against influenza. The VE adjusted for chronic illness was 33% (95% CI 0%-88%) and 37% (95% CI 0%-89%) when excluding 5 controls with influenza-like illness. Twenty two SPs returned survey questionnaires. Fifteen of 17 SPs reported that it was easy to find controls. SPs collected data through interviews and clinical notes, spending 1 to 5 minutes per case and 5 to 15 minutes for all four controls. Nineteen of 22 SPs considered the amount of time they spent on the study to be acceptable, 17 said that they would like to participate again, and none ruled out further participation. Monitoring VE within sentinel surveillance systems is feasible. The small numbers in our study limit interpretation of VE. Expansion to a European multicountry study could overcome this limitation and provide VE estimates earlier in the season, for different age groups and emerging virus strains, including new and pandemic subtypes.
Money Matters
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

To a nobleman who shunned him when he was poor and unknown, but who courted him in his fame, Samuel Johnson wrote: "Is not a Patron, my Lord, one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water, and, when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help?"An apt insight into the present-day grant system? It is difficult to know. The reason is that presumably informed opinions on the intricacies of money-giving by the government's research agencies are often wildly conflicting as to what's really going on. The disparities, in fact, are so considerable that, . . .
Editorials and Conflicts of Interest
Authors: L R Stone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Regarding the editorial on editorials and conflicts of interest (Oct.3 issue), 1 in which you extend the definition of a conflict of interest for editorialists to include one-time consulting fees, as well as ongoing financial associations, I wonder whether you aren't setting a standard that is too extreme.As a primary care physician who is often invited to dinner lectures sponsored by pharmaceutical companies, I wonder why the fees for the speakers on such occasions wouldn't fall into the same category.Why is it less compromising to accept such fees for repeated lectures to physicians on therapeutics than to accept money (as Dr. Manson did) for a one-time presentation to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?I suspect that many of your editorialists have been paid by pharmaceutical companies for speaking on the subjects they discuss in their editorials.
Prospective Study of Acute HIV-1 Infection in Adults in East Africa and Thailand
Authors: Merlin L. Robb, Leigh A. Eller, Hannah Kibuuka, Kathleen Rono, Lucas Maganga, Sorachai Nitayaphan, Eugene Kroon, Fred K. Sawe, Samuel Sinei, Somchai Sriplienchan, Linda L. Jagodzinski, Jennifer Malia, Mark Manak, Mark S. de Souza, Sodsai Tovanabutra, Eric Sanders-Buell, Morgane Rolland, Julie Dorsey-Spitz, Michael A. Eller, Mark Milazzo, Qun Li, Andrew Lewandowski, Hao Wu, Edith Swann, Robert J. O’Connell, Sheila Peel, Peter Dawson, Jerome H. Kim, Nelson L. Michael
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

Acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a major contributor to transmission of HIV-1. An understanding of acute HIV-1 infection may be important in the development of treatment strategies to eradicate HIV-1 or achieve a functional cure.
A clinically relevant in vivo zebrafish model of human multiple myeloma to study preclinical therapeutic efficacy
Authors: Jianhong Lin, Weihong Zhang, Jian-Jun Zhao, Ariel H. Kwart, Chun Yang, Dongdong Ma, Xiubao Ren, Yu-Tzu Tai, Kenneth C. Anderson, Robert I. Handin, Nikhil C. Munshi
Journal: Blood (2016)
PTH-318 Five-year trends in urgent referrals for suspected colorectal cancer – an increase in quantity but not in quality
Authors: P Vulliamy, S McCluney, S Raouf, S Banerjee
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Understanding the volume of incoming referrals to a colorectal cancer (CRC) service is essential for adequate service delivery. We aimed to determine the number of two-week wait (2WW) referrals and resulting cancer diagnoses at our centre, and to characterise trends over time. <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective review of all referrals from primary care with suspected malignancy to our institution over a five-year period (2009–2013) was performed. Annual numbers of colorectal cancer diagnoses were obtained from the trust database. Linear regression models were used to determine statistical significance of observed trends. <h3>Results</h3> The annual number of 2WW referrals for all cancers increased steadily from 14,031 to 22,912 during the study period (p = 0.02). Referrals for suspected CRC also increased from 1,706 to 3,278 (p = 0.03). The proportion of patients seen within 7 days of referral decreased from 23% in 2009 to 9% in 2013 (p &lt; 0.01), while the proportion seen within 14 days decreased from 99.8% to 92.3% (p = 0.09). The proportion of 2WW referrals diagnosed with CRC decreased from 7.9% in 2009 to 4.7% in 2013 (p = 0.02). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The number of referrals for suspected cancer from primary care to our institution is steadily increasing, which has significant implications for service provision. The rate of cancer diagnoses from these referrals is decreasing. Further investigation is required to determine the reasons underlying these trends. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
MiR675-5p Acts on HIF-1α to Sustain Hypoxic Responses: A New Therapeutic Strategy for Glioma
Authors: Alessia Lo Dico, Viviana Costa, Cristina Martelli, Cecilia Diceglie, Francesca Rajata, Aroldo Rizzo, Carmine Mancone, Marco Tripodi, Luisa Ottobrini, Riccardo Alessandro, Alice Conigliaro
Journal: Theranostics (2016)

Modern medicine relies on a small number of key biologics, which can be found in nature but require further characterization and purification before they can be used.Since the herbal remedy is given through a dated and ineffective method of drug administration, its effectiveness is diminished.The novel form of medicine delivery has the potential to increase the effectiveness of herbal substances while decreasing their side effects.This is the main idea behind utilising different ways of drug delivery in herbal treatments.Several benefits arise from novel formulations of herbal compounds as compared to their conventional counterparts.These include enhanced penetrating ability into tissues, constant delivery of effective doses, and resistance to physical and chemical degradation.Controlled and targeted delivery that include herbal components allow for more traditional dosing while simultaneously increasing their efficacy.Enhancing the biodistribution and target site accumulation of systemically administered herbal medicines is the goal of nanomedicine formulations.The field of nanotheranostics has made significant advancements in the development of herbal compounds by combining diagnostic and therapeutic functions on a single nanoscale platform.It is critically important to create a theranostic nanoplatform that is derived from plants and is intrinsically "all-in-one" for single molecules.In addition to examining the mechanistic approach to nanoparticle synthesis, this review highlights the therapeutic effects of nanoscale phytochemical delivery systems.Furthermore, we have evaluated the scope for future advancements in this field, discussed several nanoparticles that have been developed recently for herbal imaging, and provided experimental evidence that supports their usage.
Personality traits and disorder in depression
Authors: D S Charney, J C Nelson, D M Quinlan
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

The authors examined the relationship of personality traits and personality disorder to depressive subtype, descriptive characteristics, and outcome in 160 depressed inpatients. Personality disorder was significantly more common in unipolar nonmelancholic depressed patients (61%) than in unipolar melancholic (14%) or bipolar depressed patients (23%). Personality disorder did not affect symptom manifestation but was related to earlier onset of depressive illness and worse outcome within the unipolar nonmelancholic group. Obsessive traits were most common in the unipolar melancholic patients, while histrionic, hostile, and borderline traits predominated in the nonmelancholic patients. The authors discuss the usefulness of a multiaxial diagnostic system and the importance of separating trait and disorder in personality assessment.
Implications of increased dosage of neuroleptic medications during psychotherapy
Authors: J N Digiacomo, R Cornfield
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

Unrecognized emotional reactions on the part of the psychiatric trainee may result in the inappropriate use of medications. To illustrate the possibility that increases in medication dosages may be related to the psychiatric clinician's lack of control, the authors present three clinical examples and discuss the concept of countertransference. A model of supervision is described in which the supervisor, trainee, and patient meet to correct these therapeutic distortions and reduce the amount of medication required.
Milk Allergy in Infancy
Authors: S L Bahna
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Cat dandruff extract was characterized by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) using sera from 27 cat-sensitive individuals. By applying a CIE/CRIE system with intermediate gel, the content of dander-specific and serum-specific allergens was established. Thirteen serum-related and eight dander-related antigens were identified in cat dandruff. Of these, eight antigens were visibly radiostained in CRIE. Five allergens were serum-specific and of these allergens cat albumin was the most important (intermediate allergen). Three allergens were dander-specific and of these three only cat allergen I fulfilled the criteria for a major allergen.
Growth and Behavior of Cultured Human Epidermal Cells Implanted in Homologous Skin
Authors: E. J. van Scott, R. Auerbach, V. J. Evans
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1965)

Journal Article Growth and Behavior of Cultured Human Epidermal Cells Implanted in Homologous Skin Get access E. J. van Scott, E. J. van Scott Dermatology Branch, National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Auerbach, R. Auerbach Dermatology Branch, National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar V. J. Evans V. J. Evans Dermatology Branch, National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 35, Issue 1, July 1965, Pages 175–183, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/35.1.175 Published: 01 July 1965 Article history Received: 23 February 1965 Published: 01 July 1965
Why do adults contract diphtheria?
Authors: J Tomaszunas-Blaszczyk, A Galazka
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1997)

When diphtheria was a common disease, it most commonly affected children. Typically, at least 40% of diphtheria cases were children under 5 years of age, and some 70% of cases were children under 15 years of age. This classical pattern of diphtheria cases
Probable autochthonous introduced malaria cases in Italy in 2009–2011 and the risk of local vector-borne transmission
Authors: R Romi, D Boccolini, M Menegon, G Rezza
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

We describe two cases of probable autochthonous introduced Plasmodium vivax malaria that occurred in 2009 and 2011 in two sites of South-Central Italy. Although the sources of the infections were not detected, local transmission could not be disproved and therefore the cases were classified as autochthonous. Sporadic P. vivax cases transmitted by indigenous vectors may be considered possible in some areas of the country where vector abundance and environmental conditions are favourable to malaria transmission.
Central Nervous System: Notable Developments in the Management of Primary and Recurrent Gliomas
Authors: Louis Burt Nabors
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2016)

Over the past 30 years, the incidence of primary brain tumors has been increasing. Primary brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of central nervous system cancers with a wide range of outcomes and therapeutic strategies. As a result, prognostic features and molecular markers play a critical role in selecting treatment options for patients with brain tumors. At the NCCN 21st Annual Conference, Louis Burt Nabors, MD, reviewed the most appropriate adjuvant therapy for 3 types of brain tumors—primary low-grade gliomas, anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, and malignant gliomas—and shared supportive clinical trial data and NCCN recommendations.
Can Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Onset Occur in Adulthood?
Authors: Stephen V. Faraone, Joseph Biederman
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2016)

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Tetanus Immunity in the North and South
Authors: Leo Levine, Louise Wyman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

PUBLIC HEALTH and pediatric care in a given region, especially with respect to artificial active immunization, may be uniquely assessed by a knowledge of the level of circulating tetanus antitoxin. This antibody is unique because it is the only one of preventive significance that has never been shown to be naturally acquired and hence artificial and natural immunity are not confounded. For this reason it is probably the single most important antibody to assay in a general serological survey of the immunization status of population groups. The availability of military recruits' sera in the Reference Serum Bank of the World Health Organization (WHO) has afforded us the opportunity to compare the immune status with respect to tetanus of the population of a group of northern and southern states. The object of this paper is to present the results of this comparison. At the present time, state and municipal health departments