tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Absence of a Relation between the Periconceptional Use of Vitamins and Neural-Tube Defects
Authors: James L. Mills, George G. Rhoads, Joe Leigh Simpson, George C. Cunningham, Mary R. Conley, Melinda R. Lassman, Margaret E. Walden, O. Richard Depp, Howard J. Hoffman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Whether taking multivitamins or folate around the time of conception can reduce a woman's risk of having a child with a neural-tube defect is controversial. To investigate this question, we examined the periconceptional use of vitamin supplements by women who had a conceptus with a neural-tube defect (n = 571), women who had had a stillbirth or a conceptus with another malformation (n = 546), and women who had had a normal conceptus (n = 573). Women with conceptuses with neural-tube defects were identified either prenatally or postnatally and were matched to control mothers for gestational age. To minimize recall bias, we interviewed nearly all the women within five months of the diagnosis of a birth defect or the birth of the infant (mean, 84 days); information on vitamin use was obtained by an interviewer who was unaware of the outcome of pregnancy. The rate of periconceptional multivitamin use among the mothers of infants with neural-tube defects (15.8 percent) was not significantly different from the rate among mothers in either the abnormal or the normal control group (14.1 percent and 15.9 percent, respectively). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the odds ratio for having an infant with a neural-tube defect among women classified as having had full supplementation with multivitamins was 0.95 as compared with the mothers of the abnormal infants (95 percent confidence interval, 0.78 to 1.14) and 1.00 as compared with the mothers of normal infants (95 percent confidence interval, 0.83 to 1.20). There were no differences among the groups in the use of folate supplements. The adjusted odds ratio for having an infant with a neural-tube defect among those receiving the recommended daily allowance of folate was 0.97 as compared with the mothers of abnormal infants (95 percent confidence interval, 0.79 to 1.18) and 0.98 as compared with the mothers of normal infants (95 percent confidence interval, 0.80 to 1.20). We conclude that the periconceptional use of multivitamins or folate-containing supplements by American women does not decrease the risk of having an infant with a neural-tube defect.
LOW LDL-CHOLESTEROL TARGET ACHIEVEMENT IN STATIN-TREATED PATIENTS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE IN CHINA AND EUROPE: RESULTS OF THE DYSLIPIDEMIA INTERNATIONAL STUDY (DYSIS)
Authors: Anselm K. Gitt, Baishali Ambegaonkar, Philippe Brudi, Martin Horack, Dominik Lautsch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
P826 HEPCIDIN LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH NAFLD WITH OR WITHOUT HYPERFERRITINEMIA AND/OR DYSMETABOLIC IRON OVERLOAD
Authors: J. Marmur, S. Beshara, G. Eggertsen, N. Albiin, O. Danielsson, R. Hultcrantz, P. Stål
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Abstract 618: <i>Rhodiola rosea L</i>. extract, SHR-5, and metformin exhibit potent activity against bladder carcinogenesis in the UPII-mutant Ha-ras transgenic model.
Authors: Zhongbo Liu, Xuesen Li, Shuman Liu, Xia Xu, Xuejiao Tian, Anne R. Simoneau, Xiaolin Zi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The incidence of human urinary bladder cancer increases markedly with age, suggesting a mechanistic connection between aging and bladder carcinogenesis and a potential use of anti-aging agents in bladder cancer chemoprevention. Rhodiola rosea, growing in high altitude or cold regions of the world, has been reported to have anti-aging effects in Drosophila. Metformin, a popular anti-diabetics drug, has also shown anti-aging effect in mice. In addition, both agents have been shown to inhibit the mTOR pathway. Therefore, we examined the effect of SHR-5 and Metformin on bladder carcinogenesis in the UPII-mutant Ha-ras transgenic mouse bladder model. This model mimics human papillary transitional cell carcinoma and exhibits enhanced mTOR activity in the bladder tumors. The homozygous mutant Ha-ras transgenic mice were identified through genotyping using Southern blotting analysis. 0.625% SHR-5 or 0.1% Metformin in drinking water was given to the mice starting at 6 weeks of age and ending at 6 months of age. About 42% of homozygous mutant Ha-ras male transgenic mice which drank normal water died of urinary tract obstruction and hydronephrosis within 6 months of age, while more than 93% and 89% of mice which drank SHR-5 or Metformin containing water survived. The mean bladder weights in male mice drinking SHR-5 or Metformin decreased by 69% and 62%, respectively, compared to control group (Bladder weights for mice drinking normal water versus SHR-5 or Metformin are 0.3382± 0.061versus 0.1278± 0.02 or 0.1053±0.015 gram, P=0.0197 or 0.0082). The mean bladder weights in female mice which drank SHR-5 or Metformin containing water also decreased by about 40% or 39.8 %, respectively, compared to those which drank normal water (Bladder weights for normal water versus SHR-5 or Metformin: 0.07149 ±0.0036 versus 0.04301 ±0.0032 or 0.04295±0.0115 gram, P&amp;lt;0.0001 or =0.0007). Chemstrip tests showed that mice which drank SHR-5 or metformin water developed less hematurine than those which drank normal water. Histological analysis of H&amp;E staining bladder sections from SHR-5 and Metformin treated mice demonstrated more differentiated tumors compared to those from the transgenic mice which drank normal water. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed that SHR-5 and Metformin treatments decreased cell proliferation in the urothelium. Taken together, our results suggest a potential new method for bladder cancer prevention by drinking SHR-5 or Metformin. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 618. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-618
Brief Communication: Effect of Dibutyryl Cyclic Adenosine 3′,S′-Monophosphate on In Vivo Growth of Walker 256 Carcinoma: Isolation of Responsive and Unresponsive Cell Populations
Authors: Yoon Sang Cho-Chung, Pietro M. Gullino
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

N6,O2′-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′ ,5′-monophosphate (DBcAMP) arrested growth of Walker 256 in vivo. Further treatment induced regression in some tumors, whereas others regrew as untreated controls. Selective transplantation of either rapidly growing or rapidly regressing tumors under DBcAMP treatment separated 2 cell populations, DBcAMP-responsive and DBcAMP-unresponsive. None of the regressed tumors had resumed growth by 6 months after treatment.
FRI0243 Extent of disease on high-resolution CT lung is a predictor of decline and mortality in systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease
Authors: O.A. Moore, N. Goh, T. Corte, H. Rouse, O. Hennessy, V. Thakkar, J. Byron, J. Sahhar, J. Roddy, P. Youssef, P. Nash, J. Zochling, S.M. Proudman, W. Stevens, M. Nikpour
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> We sought to determine whether the extent of disease on high-resolution CT lung (HRCT), measured using a simple grading system,[1] is predictive of decline and mortality in systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD), independently of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and other prognostic variables. <h3>Methods</h3> SSc patients with a baseline HRCT performed at the time of ILD diagnosis were identified. All PFTs performed during follow-up were retrieved. Demographic and disease-related data were prospectively collected. HRCTs were graded according to the percentage of lung disease seen; &gt;20% - extensive, &lt;20% - limited, unclear - indeterminate. Indeterminate HRCTs were converted to limited or extensive using an FVC threshold of 70%. The composite outcome variable was deterioration (defined as need for home oxygen or lung transplantation), or death. <h3>Results</h3> Among 172 patients followed for mean±SD of 3.47±2.93 years, there were 33 outcome events. Figure 1 shows a Kaplan-Meier survival curve of HRCT score against survival. Survival estimates were significant for two raters and approached significance for the third (log-rank p&lt;0.0001, p=0.0005, p=0.13). In Weibull multivariable hazards regression modelling, baseline HRCT grade was independently predictive of outcome, with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) =3.0, 95% CI: 1.2-7.5, p=0.02. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Extensive changes (&gt;20%) on HRCT at baseline, reported using a semi-quantitative grading system, are associated with a three-fold increased risk of deterioration or death in SSc-ILD, compared with limited changes. <h3>References</h3> Goh NSL, Desai SR, Veeraraghavan S, et al. Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis: A Simple Staging System. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2008;177:1248–1254. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Website of the week: Complementary medicine
Authors: D Carnall
Journal: BMJ (1999)

It was with trepidation that I accepted the brief to try to pick a few good sites from the multitude that I knew must be out there. In fact, an AltaVista search on “complementary medicine” yielded only about 20 000 hits—not many by the standards of the modern web, but still far too many to be searchable. Google (www.google.com), now out of beta but working as well as ever, comes to the rescue. It returns keyword based searches ranked by the number of links to a site, which is a good measure of the site’s importance. Its top pick is the US government’s National Centre for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, which is one of those sites that is so well organised that it can be difficult to find the content. However, nccam.nih.gov/nccam/what-is-cam/ is a good place to start, with guidance for those considering adopting alternative or complementary therapies.

At www.healthy.net/clinic/therapy/index.asp the Alternative and Complementary Medicine Centre has a workable database that allows searches for practitioners in each field. As ever, the picks are US dominated, but the search is truly international and could be useful for residents of most English speaking countries, although there is only as much information about each practitioner as you might find in a telephone book.

This, of course, is the key point. How can you judge whether the standards of practice are safe and effective? The answer is that, as for conventional medicine on the web, you generally can’t. Private practitioners need self promotion, and the largely small scale of alternative practices means that there are a plethora of small scale websites with little good quality content.
Cimetidine Suppression of Nocturnal Gastric Secretion in Active Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: G.F. Longstreth, V.L.W. Go, J.-R. Malagelada
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Nocturnal parn and gastric hypersecretion are common in duodenal ulcer. Therefore, we investigated the antisecretory effects of a new H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine, in 200-, 300- or 400-mg doses, taken orally at bedtime. The 200-mg dose did not cause a statistically significant change in nocturnal (midnight to 7 a.m.) acid output and had only a borderline effect on pH. However, the 300-mg and 400-mg doses significantly (P < 0.001) lowered acid output and increased (P < 0.01) intragastric pH. All doses caused substantial decreases in secretory volume output. After a 400-mg dose, half the patients remained anacidic for eight hours. Dose-related increases of drug blood levels were observed and correlated with the degree and duration of inhibition of acid output. Serum gastrin levels were unaffected. Cimetidine appears to be a potent inhibitor of nocturnal gastric secretion. (N Engl J Med 294:801–804, 1976)
GM-CSF Vital to Some New Vaccines
Authors: J. Corliss
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article GM-CSF Vital to Some New Vaccines Get access Julie Corliss Julie Corliss Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 11, 2 June 1993, Pages 851–852, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.11.851 Published: 02 June 1993
Pneumectomy (volume reduction) for COPD: Assessment of results with quantitative V/Q scanning
Authors: S Rao, A Alavi, H Palevsky, R Kotloff, J Bavaria, L Kaiser
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Rao, S; Alavi, A; Palevsky, H; Kotloff, R; Bavaria, J; Kaiser, LEditor(s): Blend, Michael; Haseman, Michael Author Information
AB1453-HPR Investigation of clinical pilates exercises on disease activity, functional status and mobility in female patients with ankylosing spodylitis
Authors: P. Dizmek, E. Unal, A. Akdodan, S. Kiraz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The benefical effects of exercise on symptom severity or spinal mobility has been shown in many studies about Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS). But the studies including the effects of clinical pilates exercises (as a specialized exercise model) on AS patients are seen rarely in the literature. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of clinical pilates exercises on disease activity, functional status and mobility in patients with AS. <h3>Methods</h3> 18 AS female patients were included in this study. The demographic and clinical datum (age, height, weight, gender, disease duration) were recorded. Bath Anylosing Spondylitis Mobility Index (BASMI) was used for evaluating mobility. Disease activity was assessed by Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) was applied to evaluate the functional status of patients. For blood analysis (ESR, CRP), blood samples were taken at first session and at theend of the 6th week. Patients were taken part in group exercise session for three times a week, during 6 weeks. All exercise sessions were planned as warm up, main program and cool down periods. <h3>Results</h3> The mean age of these patients was 39,5±9,16 years, the mean disease duration was 4,83±4,57 years and body mass index (BMI) was 23,07±3,55 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>. While BASMI, BASDAI and BASFI scores were improved (p&lt;0,05), ESR and CRP values were remained in initial rates(p&gt;0,05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> It was concluded that clinical pilates exercises which were applied for 6 weeks, resulted in an improvement on patient-reported disease activity, functional status and mobility scores measured by physiotherapist. ESR and CRP values did not increased. We assured that this exercise model should be advised for AS patients safely because of positive effects on disease characteristics. <h3>References</h3> Zochling, J., van der Heijde, D., Burgos-Vargas, R., Collantes, E., Davis, J.C., Jr., Dijkmans, B. ve diderleri. (2006) ASAS/EULAR recommendations for the management of ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis, 65 (4), 442-452. Petersen, A.M.,Pedersen, B.K. (2005) The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. Journal of applied physiology, 98 (4), 1154-1162. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract LB-156: The role of AKR1B10 in early tumorigenesis depends on AMP-activated protein Kinase-α checkpoint
Authors: Jun Ma, Deliang Cao
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The role of AKR1B10 in early tumorigenesis depends on AMP-activated protein Kinase-α checkpoint Jun Ma and Deliang Cao 1Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, &amp; Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine. 913 N. Rutledge Street, Springfield, IL 62794. Aldo-keto reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10) is upregulated in 71.4% ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 83.6% invasive breast cancer. Furthermore, AKR1B10 expression is correlated significantly with tumor size, node status and disease-related survival. In malignant cells, AKR1B10 promotes cell growth and survival via provoking cellular lipid synthesis and eliminating cytotoxic α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Therefore, AKR1B10 may play an oncogenic role in tumor growth and progression. This study is aimed to explore the role of AKR1B10 in early tumorigenesis. Interestingly, our data show that the expression of AKR1B10 in MCF10A cell, a normal breast epithelium cell line, led to elevation of p53 levels and premature senescence. However, in RAO-1 cells, an hTERT-immortalized breast epithelium cell line, AKR1B10 expression promoted glucose uptake, glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis, and subsequent cell growth instead. Further studies revealed that AMP-activated protein kinase-alpha (AMPKα), which is an important metabolic barrier during cell transformation, was activated upon AKR1B10 expression in both cell lines. On the other hand, down-regulation of AMPKα by shRNA rescued AKR1B10-induced senescence in MCF10A while partially abrogated pro-metabolism effect of AKR1B10 in RAO-1 cells and caused cell growth inhibition. In summary, the role of AKR1B10 in early tumorigenesis depended on AMPKα checkpoint. When this checkpoint is intact, AKR1B10 activates AMPKα and triggers p53 activation and consequential cellular senescence. On the contrary, when this checkpoint is dysfunctional, such as in cells with constitutive expression of telomerase, AKR1B10 activates AMPKα, enhances glucose and lipid metabolism and promotes cell proliferation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-156. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-156
FRI0446 Ultrasonography of Large Epiaortic Arteries in Patients with GIANT Cell Arteritis: Table 1.
Authors: A. Hočevar, Ž. Rotar, S. Praprotnik, M. Tomšič
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common systemic vasculitis in patients over 50 years of age. In Slovenia it has an annual incidence rate of 10.5 per 10<sup>5</sup> adults aged 50 or above. It affects large and medium-sized arteries, most commonly the extracranial branches of the carotid arteries, the ascending aorta, subclavian, and axillary arteries. Recently, the Colour-Doppler sonography (CDS) has gained momentum as a potential non-invasive tool for evaluation of large arteries in large vessel vasculitides. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the involvement of large epiaortic arteries in patients with GCA using CDS. <h3>Methods</h3> CDS of large epiaortic arteries was prospectively performed by a single assessor (AH) on a Philips IU22 using a 5–17.5 MHz linear probe in patients with newly diagnosed GCA prior to or up to 2 days after starting glucocorticoids. Carotid, vertebral, thyroid, subclavian, and axillary arteries were assessed in longitudinal and transversal planes. The “halo sign” (i.e. a hypoechoic circumferential wall thickening), vascular stenosis (i.e. &gt;50% reduction of the original lumen) or occlusions were considered a positive finding. <h3>Results</h3> From September 2011 to December 2013 CDS of large epiaortic arteries was performed in 48 GCA patients fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification of GCA. In 13 (27.1%) patients involvement of epiaortic large arteries was found. A single artery was affected in 6 patients, and 7 patients had more than one epiaortic artery affected. In nine patients bilateral involvement was observed (Table 1). When patients with large artery involvement were compared to the patients with no large artery involvement the former were more commonly female (F:M ratio 5.5 vs. 1.9; p=0.2) and had had a longer disease duration (11.6 weeks vs. 6.4 weeks, p=0.1), yet differences were not statistically significant. Neither were there any statistically significant differences in the clinical presentation (i.e. presence of general symptoms, polymyalgia rheumatica, new onset of headache, jaw claudication, visual disturbances, changes of temporal arteries on physical examination) nor the levels of systemic markers of inflammation between the two groups. 77% and 90% GCA patients with epiaortic vessel disease had positive temporal artery CDS and biopsy respectively (vs. 88% and 83% GCA patients without large vessel disease). Two out of 13 patients with large vessel involvement by CDS had had a negative CDS of temporal arteries as well as a negative temporal artery biopsy. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Large artery involvement was demonstrated in more than 1/4 of our GCA cases. CDS of epiaortic large arteries in addition to CDS of temporal arteries increases the diagnostic yield in GCA. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1964
Perspective: What Makes a Cell Run Wild?
Authors: E. Blume
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Perspective: What Makes a Cell Run Wild? Get access Elaine Blume Elaine Blume Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 2, 18 January 1989, Pages 91–93, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.2.91 Published: 18 January 1989
SAT0234 Valvular heart disease in antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: V. Saurit, L.R. Lema, A.J. Alvarellos, M. Tibaldi, M. Coll, J. Sala, C. Balestrini, C. Serra
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is defined by the presence of venous or arterial thrombosis, recurrent pregnancy loss and anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPLs). Echocardiographic studies have disclosed heart valve abnormalities in about a third of patients with primary APS, most commonly affecting valve is the mitral valve, followed by the aortic and tricuspid.Valvular lesions (VL) associated with APS are associated with valve dysfunction, predominantely regurgitation; stenosis is less frequent.Valvular involvement usually does not cause clinical valvular disease, but increases the risk for thromboembolic complications, mainly cerebrovascular. <h3>Objectives</h3> 1- To study the prevalence of (VL) in APS patients bytwo-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. 2- To study the frequency of thrombotic lesions 3- Correlate these findings with other clinical features of APS <h3>Methods</h3> Sixty six patients from a cardiologist clinic with diagnosis of APS (Sapporo/Sidney classification criteria) between March 2001 and July 2011 were prospectively studied. 50 (76%) were women. Average age 41.5 y.o (range 17-73). 26/66 (39.3%) patients had only obstetric APS, 24/66 (36.3%) had arterial thrombosis and 16/66 (24.2%) had venous thrombosis at the time of APS diagnosis. Mean follow up was 49, 4 months, range (12-135). Statistical analysis was made using INFOSTAT software version 2010. <h3>Results</h3> The prevalence of VL was 27/66 (40.9%), 21/27 (77.7%) had mitral valve regurgitation, 4/27 (14.8%) had mitral valve thickness and 2/27 (7.4%) had Aortic insufficiency.The clinical features related with VL were arterial thrombosis (18 vs 6) p=0.0001, hypertension (16 vs 4) p=0.0001, Thrombocytopenia (13 vs 1) p=0.0001, Hyperfibrinogenemia (14 vs 2) p=0.0001, Dyslipidemia (16 vs 6) p=0.02 and livedo reticularis (9 vs 2) p=0.002. In the follow, 17 patients had recurrence of thrombosis 15/17 (88.2%) had VL p=0.0001 <h3>Conclusions</h3> The prevalence of VL was 40.9% and it was related with arterial thrombosis, hypertension, thrombocytopenia, hyperfibrinogenemia, dyslipidemia, livedo reticularis and recurrence of thrombosis <h3>References</h3> Maksimowicz-McKinnon K, Mandell BF. Understanding valvular heart disease in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. Cleve Clin J Med. 2004 Nov;71(11):881-5. Review. Petri MA. Classification criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome: the case for cardiac valvular disease. J Rheumatol. 2004 Dec;31(12):2329-30. Tomcsányi J, Zsoldos A, Szabό M.Mitral and tricuspid valve thrombus in antiphospholipid syndrome.Heart. 2004 Jun;90(6):620 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared