tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PWE-339 Colorectal cancer resection – lap or open: is the same amount being removed?
Authors: J Chang, H Htet, JG Williams
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> A surrogate marker of the quality of colorectal cancer resection is the number of lymph nodes harvested from the specimen. Recent attention has focused on the completeness of mesenteric resection in order to maximise lymph node clearance. Laparoscopic resection, where feasible, is accepted as the preferred approach, but concern remains as to the oncologic adequacy of resection compared to traditional open surgery. The aim of this study was to compare colorectal cancer specimens removed by laparoscopic resection with open surgical specimens, as regards lymph node harvest and extent of mesenteric resection. <h3>Method</h3> A consecutive series of 282 consecutive open and laparoscopic colorectal cancer resections, performed by 5 colorectal surgeons, was studied. 78 patients undergoing Hartmann’s or abdomino perineal resection, subtotal colectomy or proctocolectomy were excluded. Pathological examination of the excised specimen was performed by one of 3 colorectal pathologists to a standard protocol. Distance from the tumour to the high tie and number of lymph nodes harvested was recorded for each specimen. <h3>Results</h3> 204 patients (109 male) were included in the analysis. Tumours were divided into 3 groups: right hemi colectomy (82), left hemi colectomy (43) and anterior resection (79). For right sided tumours (32 laparoscopic, 50 open), mean distance to high tie was 87.5 mm for laparoscopic resection and 78.6 mm for open resection (p = 0.07). Mean lymph node harvest was 17.0 nodes laparoscopically compared to 21.8 nodes for open resection (p = 0.008). For left sided tumours (10 laparoscopic, 33 open), mean distance to high tie was 105.2 mm for laparoscopic resection and 102.7 mm for open resection (p = 0.41). Mean lymph node harvest was 18.1 nodes laparoscopically compared to 20.6 for open resection (p = 0.14). For rectal tumours (32 laparoscopic, 47 open), mean distance to high tie was 130.6 mm for laparoscopic resection and 131.5 mm for open resection (p = 0.49). Mean lymph node harvest was 18.1 nodes laparoscopically compared to 21.5 nodes for open resection (p = 0.009). More patients undergoing open resection for rectal cancer patients underwent pre-operative neo-adjuvant treatment (laparoscopic 4/32, 12.5%; open 11/47, 23.4%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study indicates that there is no significant difference in the extent of mesenteric resection between open and laparoscopic colectomy specimens from any of the three sites. However, despite comparable lengths of mesenteric resection, significantly more lymph nodes were removed by open resection compared to laparoscopic resection of right sided and rectal tumours. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Extraction of an Embolus
Authors: Thomas Mayer, Gerhard Hamann, Hartmut Brueckmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

To the Editor: We wish to point out that our letter to the editor in the September 5 issue1 contained a description of clinical material from one patient that was also included in an article on a series of patients that was published shortly thereafter in Stroke.2 Although asked, we failed to inform the editors of each journal of the other publication. We apologize for not providing this information.
Clinical Features and Outcome in Never-Smoker (Ns) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (Nsclc) Patients (Pts): a Single-Institution Observational Analysis
Authors: C. Bennati, R. Chiari, G. Metro, D. Iacono, M. Varella-Garcia, D. Aisner, V. Minotti, M. Meacci, L. Paglialunga, V. Ludovini, V. De Angelis, L. Marcomigni, F.R. Tofanetti, S. Baglivo, G. Bellezza, L. Crinò
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Case 33-2004
Authors: Emad N. Eskandar, Jay S. Loeffler, Alison M. O'Neill, George J. Hunter, David N. Louis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 34-year-old man was found unconscious and apparently having a seizure. Imaging studies showed a lesion in the right frontal lobe of the brain, with characteristics of a malignant tumor. The authors discuss new approaches to the diagnosis and management of malignant glial tumors.
Polymorphisms in the MTHFR, VDR, and MnSOD genes and skin cancer risk
Authors: Jiali Han, Graham A. Colditz, David J. Hunter
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

4594  Background: Two nutrient factors, folate and vitamin D, have been proposed to be influenced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Vitamin D can be synthesized in UVB-exposed skin, whereas UVA radiation can break down plasma folate. Oxidative stress is implicated in skin carcinogenesis and over-expression of Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) reduces tumor incidence in mouse models. Objective: We evaluated single nucleotide polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene (C677T, and A1298C), the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene (Fok1, Bsm1, and Cdx2), and the MnSOD gene (Val16Ala) in relation to skin cancer risk. Design: We conducted a nested case-control study within the Nurses’ Health Study [219 melanoma, 286 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 300 basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and 873 controls]. Results: No significant main effect was observed for either MTHFR polymorphism on skin cancer risk. We observed an interaction between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and dietary folate intake on SCC risk (P, interaction, 0.05); the highest risk was observed among women with TT genotype and low folate intake (OR, 2.17; 95%CI, 1.04-4.52). The VDR Bsm1 BB genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of SCC (OR, 1.52; 95%CI, 1.01-2.29). The Fok1 ff genotype was non-significantly associated with increased risk of each type of skin cancer. An interaction between the Bsm1 polymorphism and dietary vitamin D intake on SCC was observed, with the highest risk seen in women with the BB genotype and high vitamin D intake (OR, 2.32; 95%CI, 1.28-4.24) (P, interaction, 0.09). The MnSOD Ala/Ala genotype was associated with decreased risk of BCC (OR, 0.70; 95%CI, 0.46 - 1.07). No significant interactions were observed between this polymorphism and antioxidant intakes on skin cancer risk. Conclusion: This study provides evidence to suggest a role of the polymorphisms in MTHFR and VDR interacting with dietary intakes of folate and vitamin D in skin cancer development, especially for SCC, and a possible role of the MnSOD Val16Ala polymorphism in BCC risk.
Trauma of Phrenic Vessels
Authors: George H. Donnelly, Charles Fyfe Stewart, Stephen R. LoVerme
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

THIS report concerns injury to the diaphragmatic vessels by the needle used for thoracentesis. Only three cases have been reported, to our knowledge: one by Elkin,1 another, which will be described here in detail, and a third suggested by post-mortem findings but not previously reported in the literature. This report is made because of the rarity of the complication and the frequency of thoracenteses.In a recent issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association a case of arteriovenous fistula of the phrenic vessels following thoracentesis was reported. Two years after the chest tap for pleural effusion, a diagnosis . . .
In vitro and in vivo neuroprotective effects of cJun N-terminal kinase inhibitors on retinal ganglion cells
Authors: Byung-Jin Kim, Sean M. Silverman, Yang Liu, Robert J. Wordinger, Iok-Hou Pang, Abbot F. Clark
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2016)

The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway plays an important role in neuronal pathophysiology. Using JNK inhibitors, we examined involvement of the JNK pathway in cultured rat retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and in mouse retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of the visual axis. The in vitro effects of JNK inhibitors were evaluated in cultured adult rat retinal cells enriched in RGCs. Retinal I/R was induced in C57BL/6J mice through elevation of intraocular pressure to 120 mmHg for 60 min followed by reperfusion. SP600125 was administered intraperitoneally once daily for 28 days. Phosphorylation of JNK and c-Jun in the retina was examined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. The thickness of retinal layers and cell numbers in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) were examined using H&E stained retinal cross sections and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Retinal function was measured by scotopic flash electroretinography (ERG). Volumetric measurement of the superior colliculus (SC) as well as VGLUT2 and PSD95 expression were studied. JNK inhibitors SP600125 and TAT-JNK-III, dose-dependently and significantly (p < 0.05) protected against glutamate excitotoxicity and trophic factor withdrawal induced RGC death in culture. In the I/R model, phosphorylation of JNK (pJNK) in the retina was significantly (p < 0.05) increased after injury. I/R injury significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the thickness of retinal layers, including the whole retina, inner plexiform layer, and inner nuclear layer and cell numbers in the GCL. Administration of SP600125 for 28 days protected against all these degenerative morphological changes (p < 0.05). In addition, SP600125 significantly (p < 0.05) protected against I/R-induced reduction in scotopic ERG b-wave amplitude at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after injury. SP600125 also protected against the I/R-induced losses in volume and levels of synaptic markers in the SC. Moreover, the protective effects of SP600125 in the retina and SC were also detected even with only 7 days (Days 1–7 after I/R) of SP600125 treatment. Our results demonstrate the important role the JNK pathway plays in retinal degeneration in both in vitro and in vivo models and suggest that JNK inhibitors may be a useful therapeutic strategy for neuroprotection of RGCs in the retina.
The ability to cross the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier is a generic property of acute lymphoblastic leukemia blasts
Authors: Mark T. S. Williams, Yasar M. Yousafzai, Alex Elder, Klaus Rehe, Simon Bomken, Liron Frishman-Levy, Sigal Tavor, Paul Sinclair, Katie Dormon, Dino Masic, Tracey Perry, Victoria J. Weston, Pamela Kearns, Helen Blair, Lisa J. Russell, Olaf Heidenreich, Julie A. E. Irving, Shai Izraeli, Josef Vormoor, Gerard J. Graham, Christina Halsey
Journal: Blood (2016)
Spontaneous Remission in a Patient with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Manabu Musashi, Syuiti Abe, Toshiyuki Yamada, Junji Tanaka, Yasunari Gotohda, Shiro Maeda, Yasuo Sato, Masanobu Morioka, Keisuke Sakurada, Tomonori Minagawa, Masahiro Asaka, Tamotsu Miyazaki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

In chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome originates from a reciprocal translocation, t(9;22)(q34;q11),1 that generates a chimeric BCR-ABL gene.2 The disease is incurable without bone marrow transplantation. In some cases, intensive chemotherapy3,4 or treatment with interferon alfa can suppress the Ph-positive clone in the bone marrow,5–7 but the detection of residual disease by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in patients with a complete cytogenetic response suggests incomplete eradication of these cells.8 Few cases of Ph-positive CML have been reported in which a long-term remission occurred without treatment.9–11 We describe a patient with Ph-positive CML who . . .
A Seroepidemiologic Survey of the Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection in the United States
Authors: Robert E. Johnson, André J. Nahmias, Laurence S. Magder, Francis K. Lee, Camilla A. Brooks, Cecelia B. Snowden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

The prevalence of infection with the genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) has been difficult to ascertain, primarily because of the large percentage of subclinical cases and the limitations in specificity of serologic assays for antibody to HSV-2. To obtain an improved estimate of the distribution of HSV-2 infection in the United States, we used an HSV type-specific antibody assay to test serum samples from 4201 participants in the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The results in our sample indicate that in the period from 1976 to 1980, 16.4 percent of the U.S. population 15 to 74 years of age (approximately 25 million persons) was infected with HSV-2 (95 percent confidence interval, 14.2 to 18.6 percent). Age and race were the demographic factors associated most strongly with the presence of HSV-2 antibody. The prevalence of the antibody increased from less than 1 percent in the group under 15 years old to 20.2 percent in the group 30 to 44 years old; it increased only slightly thereafter. In the oldest group, 60 to 74 years of age, the prevalence was 19.7 percent in whites and 64.7 percent in blacks. Among blacks of all age groups, but not whites, higher rates were observed in women than in men. The associations were weaker with respect to marital status, income, education, urban residence, and region of the country. After control for age, sex, and race, only the association with marital status remained significant; the rate was increased in persons previously married--i.e., divorced, separated, or widowed. We conclude that the prevalence of HSV-2 infection in the United States is higher than has previously been recognized and that many infections with this sexually transmitted virus may be subclinical.
Final analysis of weekly paclitaxel and weekly carboplatin (P) as first-line chemotherapy in 130 patients with advanced ovarian cancer (AOC)
Authors: J. Sehouli, G. Oskay-Oezcelik, O. Camara, E. Keil, P. Ledwon, K. Diedrich, D. Elling, G. Gebauer, C. Christiansen, O. Ortmann, W. Lichtenegger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

5057 Background: The combination of paclitaxel (Taxol) and platinum in a three weeks schedule has emerged as the current standard approach for the adjuvant setting of AOC. Exposition duration of the drug is important for cell death. In animal model additional anti-angionetic effects of low dose paclitaxel infusion was observed. Methods: Based on our phase I study with T and C (ASCO 2000) we conducted a multi-institutional phase II-trial. Following schedule was used after primary radical surgery: first treatment block (6 cycles, q 7d) - 14 d break - second block (6 cycles, q 7d) - 28 d break- third block (3 cycles, q 7d). T was given in a dose of 100mg/m2, C according AUC 2. No primary use of G-CSF was allowed. Eligibility criteria: AOC (FIGO IIb-IV), ECOG performance status 0–2, normal organ function. Results: Between 02/1999 and 02/2003, 130 patients from 12 institutions were enrolled. The median age was 60 years (23–89). FIGO-stages were: II: 6.2%, III: 72.3%, IV: 21.5%. 1676 cycles were analyzed and in median 15 courses were applied (range 3–18). The incidence of non-hematological toxicities was very low. Alopecia (grade 1–3) was the most common side effect (82%). 29.5% of all pts experienced neurotoxicity grade 2, only 2.3 pts grade 3. Nail changes ≥grade 2 occurred in 3.9%. There were no chemotherapy-related fatalities. Grade 3–4 hematological toxicity (% of all pts) included: thrombocytopenia (2.3%), anemia (12.3%), leucopenia (12.3%), neutropenic fever (0.6%). 78% of all pts with initially elevated CA-125 achieved normalization by the end of therapy. After a median follow-up interval of 24 months (range: 1–62) median progression free survival is 21 months and median overall survival 43 months. Conclusions: These mature results suggest that this weekly schedule represents an efficacious and well-tolerated regimen with a favorable therapeutic index for patients with AOC. (Supported by BristolMyers Squibb Germany and AMGEN) No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Eosinophilic Granuloma of the Lung
Authors: William F. Mazzitello
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

EOSINOPHILIC granuloma of the lung without associated skeletal or visceral lesions was first described by Farinacci et al.1 , 2 in 1951. They reported these cases from an Army general hospital in 2 enlisted men, both of whom had complaints of chronic cough, weight loss, exertional dyspnea and chest discomfort. One patient was thirty-two, and the other twenty-four years of age. The diagnosis was made by thoracotomy and lung biopsy. The histologic appearance of the excised nodules had features identical with that of eosinophilic granuloma of bone. The following 2 similar cases were also proved by thoracotomy and lung biopsy.Case Reports . . .
Influenza A Virus
Authors: W C Winn, F W Westenfeld
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Figure 1. Virions of influenza A virus (arrows) are seen budding from the surface of kidney cells (K) from rhesus monkeys. In the inset, the dense nucleoprotein core of the virus (arrows) can be distinguished from the lighter fringe of individual hemagglutinin and neuraminidase spikes (arrowheads). The surface hemagglutinin is responsible for two important biologic phenomena. Hemadsorption of guinea-pig erythrocytes (E) onto the surface of the cellular monolayer (K) is an important tool for documenting the presence of virus in cell cultures. Hemagglutination is the aggregation by viral hemagglutinin of adjacent erythrocytes. The aggregates enlarge to form a lattice that . . .
Controversies in the Surgical Management of Renal Cancer
Authors: Michael P. Porter, Paul H. Lange
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2005)

Renal tumors are a common cause of cancer, and renal cell carcinoma accounts for the vast majority of the renal tumors in the United States. The past two decades have produced numerous advances in the treatment of localized and metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Nephron-sparing surgery, laparoscopic nephrectomy, and energy-ablative techniques are now in the armamentarium of the urologist. The role of adrenalectomy and lymphadenectomy are better understood today than in decades past, and recent advances in the understanding of immunotherapy, cytoreductive nephrectomy, and metastatic disease have also improved treatment for this disease. As is often the case as technology and knowledge evolve, controversies regarding the surgical treatment of renal cancer exist. This article outlines some of these controversies and reviews the evidence surrounding each.
GENO-20NOVEL CANDIDATE ONCOGENIC DRIVERS IN PINEOBLASTOMA
Authors: Matthias Karajannis, Kasthuri Kannan, Olga Aminova, Igor Dolgalev, Adriana Heguy, Arline Faustin, David Zagzag, Sharon Gardner, Jeffrey Allen, Jeffrey Wisoff, David Capper, Volker Hovestadt, Sama Ahsan, Charles Eberhart, Stefan Pfister, David Jones, Matija Snuderl
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

INTRODUCTION: Pineoblastoma (PB) is one of the rarest and most aggressive brain tumors of childhood. PB is considered a primitive neuroectodermal  (PNET) based on histology, and commonly treated using treatment protocols developed for medulloblastoma. A subset of PBs may occur in the setting of germline mutations involving DICER1, but no next-generation sequencing studies have been published on PB to date, and the genetic drivers of sporadic PB remain unknown. METHODS: 21 tumor samples with a histological diagnosis of PB (including recurrent/metastatic samples) from 15 patients were included in this study. Matching germline DNA was available from 2 patients. We performed genome-wide methylation array profiling (Illumina Infinium 450k) on all samples, as well as whole-genome (for samples with matching germline DNA) or whole-exome sequence analysis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) was performed to confirm select focal somatic gains. RESULTS: 14/18 samples from 9/13 patients analyzed by 450k profiling had a methylation signature similar to previously profiled PBs from a reference cohort. Samples from 4 patients were found to be more consistent with a diagnosis of embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) - like tumor (non 19q amplified), papillary tumor of the pineal region, or pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation, respectively. No mutations in DICER1 or RB1 were found. Homozygous deletions in DROSHA were found in tumors from 3 PB patients. We identified novel and recurrent somatic gains involving chromosomal region 1q21 that were confirmed by FISH and ddPCR in 4/5 PB patients. CONCLUSION: Our studies revealed multiple candidate drivers of oncogenesis in PB. We identified novel homozygous deletions in DROSHA, a nuclease involved in microRNA processing. We also identified novel, highly recurrent somatic focal gains involving chromosomal region 1q21, which has been linked to brain growth, autism and schizophrenia, but not previously associated with cancer.
Efficacy and safety of necitumumab continuation therapy in phase 3 SQUIRE study
Authors: T Ciuleanu, M Socinski, C Obasaju, A Luft, A Szczesna, W Szafranski, R Ramlau, B Balint, A Kazarnowicz, O Molinier, H Depenbrock, S Nanda, L Paz-Ares, Nick Thatcher
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)
The Transplanted Kidney as a Source of Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Monto Ho, Sakdidej Suwansirikul, John N. Dowling, Leona A. Youngblood, John A. Armstrong
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

To determine the incidence of cytomegalovirus infection in renal-transplant recipients we followed 32 prospectively for six months after operation. As judged by serologic change and virus isolation the infection rate for the entire group was 66 per cent (21 of 32 patients) - 59 per cent (13 of 22) for seronegative patients and 80 per cent (eight of 10) for seropositive patients. Of 10 seronegative patients who received kidneys from seronegative donors, only three became infected. However, of 12 seronegative patients who received kidneys from seropositive donors, 10 became infected. Thus, there was a significant correlation between development of infection and seropositivity of the donor (P = 0.03), particularly when the recipient was seronegative (P = 0.02). Five possible and four definite recognizable clinical illnesses were associated with cytomegalovirus infection; all except two were in initially seronegative subjects who received kidneys from seropositive donors. Primary infection and disease in nonimmune recipients may be caused by cytomegalovirus transmitted by the kidneys of latently infected seropositive donors.