tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AB0013 Lack of Association between IL6 Gene and Henoch-SchÖNlein Purpura
Authors: R. Lopez, B. Sevilla Perez, F. Genre, S. Castañeda, N. Ortego-Centeno, J. Llorca, B. Ubilla, V. Calvo-Rio, T. Pina, M.C. González-Vela, A. Marquez, L. Sala-Icardo, J.A. Miranda-Filloy, J. Rueda-Gotor, J. Martin, R. Blanco, M.A. Gonzalez-Gay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is the most common type of primary small-sized blood vessel vasculitis in children and a rare entity in adults [1]. Although the etiology of HSP remains unknown, environmental factors and a susceptible genetic background have been associated with this pathology [2]. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine with a pivotal role in the immune system [3] and polymorphisms in the <i>IL6</i> gene have been associated with several autoimmune diseases <h3>Objectives</h3> In the present study, we assessed the potential association of three genetic variants located in the <i>IL6</i> gene that cover the major variability of this gene with HSP susceptibility and severity. <h3>Methods</h3> Our study population was composed of 285 Spanish patients diagnosed with HSP and 877 sex and ethnically matched Spanish controls. In addition to genotyping the traditional promoter single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) -174G&gt;C (rs1800795), we assessed another two SNPs (rs2069827 and rs2069840) located in the <i>IL6</i> gene that were selected by SNP-tagging. <h3>Results</h3> No significant differences in the genotypic and allelic frequencies between HSP patients and controls were observed when the rs2069827, rs1800795 and rs2069840 polymorphisms were analyzed independently or combined conforming haplotypes. Moreover, there were no differences in the allele or genotype frequency when HSP were stratified according to the age at disease onset, presence of nephritis or gastrointestinal manifestations. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results do not support association between the <i>IL6</i> rs2069827, rs1800795 and rs2069840 gene polymorphisms and HSP susceptibility or specific clinical features of the disease. <h3>References</h3> Gonzalez-Gay MA, Garcia-Porrua C. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2001; 27: 729-749. Wyatt RJ, Julian BA. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 2402-14. Nishimoto N, Kishimoto T. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol 2006; 2: 619-626. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> This study was supported by a grant from "Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias" PI12/00193 (Spain). RLM is a recipient of a Sara Borrell postdoctoral fellowship from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III at the Spanish Ministry of Health (Spain). FG and BU are supported by funds from the RETICS Program (RIER) (RD12/0009/0013). <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1766
The algebraic logic of kinship terminology structures
Authors: Dwight W. Read
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract Jones' proposed application of Optimality Theory assumes the primary kinship data are genealogical definitions of kin terms. This, however, ignores the fact that these definitions can be predicted from the computational, algebralike structural logic of kinship terminologies, as has been discussed and demonstrated in numerous publications. The richness of human kinship systems derives from the cultural knowledge embedded in kinship terminologies as symbolic computation systems, not the post hoc constraints devised by Jones.
Intermittent Administration of Inhaled Tobramycin in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Bonnie W. Ramsey, Margaret S. Pepe, Joanne M. Quan, Kelly L. Otto, A. Bruce Montgomery, Judy Williams-Warren, Michael Vasiljev-K, Drucy Borowitz, C. Michael Bowman, Bruce C. Marshall, Susan Marshall, Arnold L. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

We conducted two multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of intermittent administration of inhaled tobramycin in patients with cystic fibrosis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. A total of 520 patients (mean age, 21 years) were randomly assigned to receive either 300 mg of inhaled tobramycin or placebo twice daily for four weeks, followed by four weeks with no study drug. Patients received treatment or placebo in three on–off cycles for a total of 24 weeks. The end points included pulmonary function, the density of P. aeruginosa in sputum, and hospitalization.
Abstract 4118: Hypoxia affects the metabolic activation and detoxification of the environmental mutagen benzo(a)pyrene
Authors: Frederik-Jan Van Schooten, Marten Schults, Kathleen Sanen, Roger Godschalk, Jan Theys, Roland Chiu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Hypoxia is characteristic for a number of pathologies and promotes genetic instability, as exposure to low oxygen levels results in an elevated mutation frequency. We have previously shown that activation of the hypoxia responsive transcription factor HIF-1α, in the presence of sufficient oxygen, enhanced mutation frequencies induced by the environmental mutagen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). Since proper carcinogen metabolism depends on oxygen we examined how varying oxygen levels influenced BaP metabolism by studying its activation and deactivation. The human lung carcinoma cell line A549 was treated with BaP under different oxygen concentrations (20%, 5%, and 0.2%) for 18 hours and alterations in BaP-metabolism were determined. First, we analyzed the BaP induced expression of key metabolic enzymes; expression levels of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 was higher under hypoxia, while expression of the detoxifying enzymes UGT1A6 and UGT2B7 were significantly reduced by hypoxia. Then, several BaP metabolites in supernatants were determined by HPLC-fluorescence detection. In general, low oxygen levels lead to slower metabolism of BaP leaving more of the parent molecule intact. At the same time, BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol, the pre-cursor metabolite of the reactive metabolite BaP-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), was formed in higher concentrations under hypoxia. Finally, under hypoxia DNA adducts accumulated over a period of 168 hours, whereas DNA adducts were efficiently removed under 20% oxygen, eventually leading to 1.6 times higher adduct levels under hypoxic conditions. These data indicate that the metabolism has shifted towards increased activation of BaP instead of detoxification under hypoxic conditions. These data support the idea that modulation of carcinogen metabolism may be an important additional mechanism for the observed HIF1 mediated genetic instability. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4118. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4118
P94 Should Adrenaline Auto-Injectors Be Prescribed For Cystic Fibrosis Patients Having Home Intravenous Antibiotics? - A UK National Audit
Authors: BN Fernandes, A Jones, A Simpson, K Webb, A Custovic
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The UK Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Trust antibiotic guidelines recommends that all patients having home intravenous antibiotics (HIVA) should have an “anaphylactic kit” at home. However, the practise of prescribing adrenaline auto-injectors (AAI) for patients having HIVA varies widely across the country. Studies on HIVA have shown that they are safe, especially if first dose is given in hospital. The aim of this audit is to assess compliance with CF Trust antibiotic guidelines and discover how many patients have experienced anaphylaxis at home while on HIVA. <h3>Methods</h3> The audit was performed online from April to September 2011 by asking respondents to fill in a web-based questionnaire. An email was sent to 59 adult and paediatric UK CF centre leads requesting them to take part in this audit. <h3>Results</h3> 55/59 (93%) took part in the audit. 16 (29%) routinely prescribe AAI whereas others do not or only prescribe in patients with previous history of allergic reactions to antibiotics (Figure 1). 5 physicians reported they knew patients who had experienced anaphylaxis at home. These physicians reported a total of at least 10 anaphylaxis episodes in the last 5 years. 1 mentioned they occurred after the 1st dose, 3 after the 3rd dose and 2 were unsure. 3 reported these patients used their AAI and 3 did not. We estimate that if the average annual number of HIVA courses is 100 courses per centre, this equates to approximately 1 anaphylaxis episode per 2,700 courses of HIVA. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Most CF centres do not routinely prescribe AAI, in contrast to the guidelines issued by the CF trust. Anaphylactic reactions do occur in CF patients having HIVA but this is a relatively rare event. However, as this is a retrospective study based on recall of previous events, the precise nature of the reported reactions cannot be confirmed, so the true prevalence of anaphylactic reactions related to HIVA cannot be ascertained. A prospective multicentre study recording reactions to HIVA and evaluating them in detail (preferably by an allergist) is required.
Treatment of Pneumococcal Pneumonia with Penicillin
Authors: Manson Meads, H. William Harris, Maxwell Finland, Clare Wilcox
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

ALTHOUGH the sulfonamide drugs are highly effective in the treatment of the pneumococcal pneumonias, serious problems sometimes arise in their administration. In patients with underlying cardiac or renal disease there may be considerable difficulty in maintaining proper fluid balance and in preventing urinary-tract complications while the drugs are being given in adequate doses. Some of the toxic effects of the sulfonamides may not only be dangerous in themselves but may make it necessary to discontinue this therapy before the infection is adequately controlled. Moreover, occasional cases apparently fail to respond to treatment with adequate doses, either because the organism is . . .
Abstract P5-15-05: Applicability of Breast Cancer Guidelines and Knowledge Translation in a Community Oncology Setting
Authors: D Han, S Hogeveen, S Trudeau-Tavara, J Buck, C Brezden-Masley, C. Simmons
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The quality of a guideline may impact adherence to that guideline. Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) produces guidelines to help manage all stages of disease. CCO's staging and follow-up guideline suggests patients (pts) with stage I breast cancer require no further staging investigations, bone scan for stage II disease, and for stage III disease in addition to bone scan, chest and abdominal imaging. The guideline on bisphosphonate (BP) use in metastatic breast cancer pts indicates that all pts with bone metastases should be offered a BP. We assessed the efficacy of knowledge translation of these guidelines at a community oncology centre by correlating rate of adherence with the quality of the guideline as scored using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) Instrument. Methods: The quality of 2 breast cancer guidelines from CCO were assessed using the AGREE instrument. Two cohort studies of breast cancer pts seen were then conducted to evaluate the adherence to these guidelines. Specifically, staging investigations ordered on pts seen in our multidisciplinary clinic between January 2009 and April 2010 were recorded and correlated to pathological stage of disease. Our second cohort study reviewed breast cancer pts with bone metastases who died between 1999 and 2009, and initiation of a BP was recorded in order to determine adherence to the second guideline. Results: Inadequate adherence was identified and correlated with low applicability scores for these two guidelines (58% and 33% respectively). Only 68 pts (61%) with bone metastases received BP for treatment between 1999 to 2009. 129 pts (56%) underwent unnecessary staging investigations. Discussions: Non-chemotherapy breast cancer guidelines by CCO scored low in the field of applicability; this was confirmed by two retrospective cohort studies. Improvement in knowledge translation strategies are needed to improve adherence to practice guidelines set out by this national organization. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-15-05.
P5-06-08: Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts Sensitize Breast Cancer Cells in 3D Cultures to Kinase Inhibitors.
Authors: J Dittmer, A Dittmer, I Oerlecke, B Leyh, JWM Martens, C Thomssen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attracted to cancer lesions and may differentiate to CAFs. By interacting with cancer cells, MSCs and CAFs may promote cancer progression and modulate drug sensitivity. Material and Methods: To analyze ability of MSCs and CAFs to modulate drug response, we generated spheroids of MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in the absence or presence of human (h) MSCs or hCAFs and tested the susceptibility of the breast cancer cells to three different kinase inhibitors (TKI258, RAD001 and RAF265) as used in cancer therapy. Results: While MSCs and CAFs did not affect the response of either breast cancer cell line to PDGFR/FGFR/VEGFR inhibitor TKI258, they sensitized breast cancer cells to the mTOR inhibitor RAD001. In MCF-7 cells, this was accompanied by increased apoptosis. hMSCs and to a lesser extent hCAFs also enhanced the cytotoxic effect of RAF inhibitor RAF265 on MDA-MB-231 cells. Searching for the mechanism that underlies the effect of stromal cells on RAF265 response we found that stromal cells inhibited RAF265-induced increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation, supported RAF265-dependent downregulation of PKCalpha (protein kinase Calpha) and prevented RAF265-induced conversion of LC3B, a marker of autophagy. To mimic the changes in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and PKCalpha expression in response to the stromal cells, we treated cells with MEK1 inhibitor U0126 or PKCalpha inhibitor Gö6976, respectively. U0126, but not Gö6976, was as effective as hMSCs in sensitizing MDA-MB-231 cells to RAF265. Discussion: Our data suggest that hMSCs and hCAFs increased the cytotoxic effect of RAF265 on MDA-MB-231 cells by downregulating ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In summary, this study shows that hMSCs are able to render breast cancer cells more susceptible to kinase inhibitors and that, to the most part, hCAFs to which hMSCs can differentiate are able to mimic the drug-sensitizing effects of hMSCs. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-06-08.
Osteomalacia-Inducing Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma Uncovered by 99mTc-Hydrazinonicotinyl-Tyr3-Octreotide (99mTc-HYNIC-TOC) Scintigraphy
Authors: Xiaona Jin, Hongli Jing, Fang Li, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Most osteomalacia-causing tumors are small, benign mesenchymal neoplasms, which are commonly located in the extremities or craniofacial regions. An 18-year-old male patient with suspicion of tumor-induced osteomalacia underwent 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy to search potential culprit tumor. The images showed a large activity in the region of the left kidney. The lesion was resected and a clear cell renal cell carcinoma was found. One year after the left nephrectomy, the patient was tumor-free without symptoms of osteomalacia.
PWE-119 Hospital Admission and In-Hospital Deaths from Alcoholic Liver Disease in England: Analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics Data
Authors: M Allwood, P Paudyal, O Ukoumunne, C Gericke
Journal: Gut (2013)

Introduction Alcohol consumption is the third greatest risk factor for global disease, attributing to almost 4% of all deaths worldwide. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality associated with long term high alcohol consumption. ALD is an ever increasing problem in England as previous studies have shown. However, little information exists on the trend of emergency admissions and the subsequent in-hospital mortality due to ALD. Methods We carried out a retrospective analysis of emergency hospital admissions and in-hospital mortality for ALD in all NHS acute care hospitals in England between 2008/2009 and 2011/2012 using National Health Service (NHS) Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data. We examined the variation in admission and mortality by age, gender and Strategic Health Authority (SHA) in England. HES data are coded using ICD 10 which gives ALD a code of K70. Results Over the four study year period overall emergency admissions due to ALD increased by 9%; from 17.40 per 100,000 to 18.98 per 100,000 populations. The largest increase in admission was observed for alcoholic hepatic failure with a 44.43% increase. In-hospital mortality from ALD decreased by 9.3% between 2008/09 and 2011/12 from 229.99 deaths to 208.50 deaths per 1,000 ALD emergency admissions. Male mortality was lower than female mortality with male mortality also having a higher decrease of 10.6% compared to 7.3% in females. The rate of mortality differed across age groups peaking in 75–84 year olds, however most age groups saw a decline in mortality rate with 35–44 year olds seeing the greatest decrease of 15.5%. Standardised mortality from ALD also varied by region with the highest mortality found in the West Midlands and on the South East Coast and lowest in London and The North East. Conclusion ALD related emergency admission rates are still on the increase although not at the same rate as reported in previous studies conducted in the UK. Reduced in-hospital mortality for ALD over the years suggests that hospital care for ALD patients is improving. Continued attention and effort are required to a greater extent to reduce the deaths from ALD. Disclosure of Interest None Declared.
Abstract 3040: Cavin-1 alters oncogenic effects of caveolin-1 microdomains in prostate cancer.
Authors: Hyeongsun Moon, C Soon Lee, Sowmya Sharma, Kerry Inder, Debra Black, Kim-Anh Lê Cao, Clay Winterford, Patrick Ling, David Craik, Robert Parton, Pamela Russell, Michelle Hill
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Caveolin-1 is associated with prostate cancer progression and has been suggested to be a biomarker and therapeutic target. Mature caveolin-1 resides in lipid raft domains at the plasma membrane, where it forms caveolae upon co-expression of cavin-1 (also known as PTRF; polymerase I and transcript release factor). In the absence of cavin-1, caveolin-1 does not form caveolae but are found on flat membrane. To determine if oncogenic caveolin-1 in prostate cancer is present in caveolae, we examined the relative expression of caveolin-1 and cavin-1 in normal, non-malignant and malignant prostate tissues. We found that caveolin-1 is induced in prostate cancer without cavin-1, an expression pattern mirror in the PC3 cell line. Previously we showed that expression of cavin-1 in PC3 cells recruits flat membrane caveolin-1 to caveolae and reduced transmigration. Here we report that cavin-1 expression reduces tumour size and metastasis of PC3 cells in vivo, using an orthotopic prostate cancer xenograft mouse model. To determine if cavin-1 acts by neutralizing oncogenic caveolin-1, we expressed cavin-1 in caveolin-1 negative LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells. While caveolin-1 over-expression increased anchorage-independent growth of LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells, cavin-1 over-expression had no effect. Furthermore, co-expression of cavin-1 in LNCaP+caveolin-1 cells reversed caveolin-1 effect. Taken together, these results suggest that caveolin-1 in prostate cancer is present outside of caveolae, and caveola formation by cavin-1 co-expression alters the oncogenic effect of non-caveolar caveolin-1 microdomains. Citation Format: Hyeongsun Moon, C Soon Lee, Sowmya Sharma, Kerry Inder, Debra Black, Kim-Anh Lê Cao, Clay Winterford, Patrick Ling, the Australian Prostate Cancer BioResource, David Craik, Robert Parton, Pamela Russell, Michelle Hill. Cavin-1 alters oncogenic effects of caveolin-1 microdomains in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3040. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3040
Thirty-Day Readmissions — Truth and Consequences
Authors: Karen E. Joynt, Ashish K. Jha
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Under the Affordable Care Act, hospitals with “worse than expected” 30-day readmission rates will be penalized by Medicare. But though a focus on readmissions may have good face validity, the policy attention to 30-day readmissions may be misguided.
966 COMMUNITY TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS AMONG EGYPTIANS: ANALYSIS OF A 10 YEARS CASE–CONTROL STUDY
Authors: A. Mohsen, E.M. Ibrahim, S. Al Aidi, S. El Mango, A. Bernier, M. El Daly, M. El Gafaary, M. Abdel Hamid, G. Esmat, M. Gadallah, M.K. Mohamed, A. Fontanet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome: A Clinical Description of 17 Patients with a Newly Recognized Disease
Authors: Jeffrey S. Duchin, Frederick T. Koster, C.J. Peters, Gary L. Simpson, Bruce Tempest, Sherif R. Zaki, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Pierre E. Rollin, Stuart Nichol, Edith T. Umland, Ronald L. Moolenaar, Susan E. Reef, Kurt B. Nolte, Margaret M. Gallaher, Jay C. Butler, Robert F. Breiman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

In May 1993 an outbreak of severe respiratory illness occurred in the southwestern United States. A previously unknown hantavirus was identified as the cause. In Asia hantaviruses are associated with hemorrhagic fever and renal disease. They have not been known as a cause of human disease in North America.
Evaluation of a Resident-Led Project to Decrease Phlebotomy Rates in the Hospital: Think Twice, Stick Once
Authors: Daniel Wheeler, Paul Marcus, Jenna Nguyen, Allison Kwong, Ali R. Khaki, Victoria Valencia, Christopher Moriates
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

after multivariable adjustment (Table 2).In contrast, a similar proportion of articles with any author-reported COI described studies with positive outcomes as did articles without any author-reported COI (80.9% [191 of 236] vs 79.3% [96 of 121], P = .82;odds ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.43-1.71).Discussion | To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the association between IEAs of published reports of studies of interventional cardiology devices and the outcomes of those studies.We found that RCTs with an IEA were significantly more likely to report favorable study results than were RCTs without an IEA.These findings add to evidence that industry collaboration is associated with study outcomes. 2,3In contrast, any type of author COI was reported in 66.1% (236 of 357) of manuscripts and, as in prior studies of cardiovascular publications, was not associated with study outcomes. 4mployment by industry may be an important COI in academic medicine, but the role of IEAs in the research process is not always disclosed.In some cases, IEAs may be "honorary" authors who have not substantially contributed to the design of the study being described in a published report, to the acquisition or interpretation of the study data, or to drafting or revision of the manuscript and do not meet accepted authorship criteria. 5,6 Conversely, many industry employees involved in studies may remain uncredited.Also, industry employees seeking acknowledgment for their contributions may be preferentially interested in coauthorship of manuscripts reporting positive trial outcomes.Ultimately, the full nature of the association between IEAs and the published outcomes of clinical trials remains uncertain.Industry employees, academic coauthors, and journal editors should consider the potential implications and perceptions of IEAs of scientific manuscripts.
At home in the quantum world
Authors: Harald Atmanspacher
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract One among many misleading quotations about the alleged mysteries of quantum theory is from Feynman (1965): “I think I can safely say that nobody understands quantum mechanics.” Today we know that quantum theory describes many aspects of our world in a fully intelligible fashion. Pothos &amp; Busemeyer (P&amp;B) propose ways in which this may include psychology and cognitive science.