tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: James E. Groves
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

IN 1682 the English physician Thomas Sydenham captured the essence of borderline personality in a single phrase. "All is caprice," he wrote, "they love without measure those whom they will soon hate without reason." 1 Three centuries later, this remains the most succinct diagnostic statement ever made about one type of pathologically dependent patient. Then called "hystericks," today's "borderlines" are still known by their impulsivity, drastic swings from love to hate, and irrationality bordering on madness.2 3 4 5 Sydenham's tone shows another sign, the physician's troubled reaction to such patients.6 Borderlines are extremists who split the world into exaggerated dichotomies of good and . . .
Safety, efficacy and repeatability of a novel house dust mite allergen challenge technique in the Fraunhofer allergen challenge chamber
Authors: K. Lueer, H. Biller, A. Casper, H. Windt, M. Mueller, P. Badorrek, D. Haefner, T. Framke, A. Koch, H. Ziehr, N. Krug, W. Koch, J. M. Hohlfeld
Journal: Allergy (2016)

Abstract Background Efficacy testing of immunotherapy in field studies is often hampered by variation of airborne allergens. Standardized allergen exposure in challenge chamber settings might be an alternative. Therefore, we developed a universal technique to create an atmosphere loaded with allergen particles of adjustable size from aqueous solutions of licensed allergen extracts. Objective The aim of this study was to apply this technique and test the safety and efficacy of challenges with house dust mite ( HDM ) allergen in the Fraunhofer allergen challenge chamber. Methods Aerosol particles carrying HDM allergen were produced by spray‐drying of an aqueous solution containing HDM allergen and lactose. In a monocenter, placebo‐controlled, single‐blind, dose‐escalation pilot study, 18 subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis and sensitization to HDM were exposed to HDM allergen for 4 h at either 250, 500, 1000 SQE /m 3 or lactose alone (0 SQE /m 3 ) 7 days apart. The dose of 500 SQE /m³ was repeated to investigate reproducibility. Total nasal symptom score ( TNSS ) was the primary endpoint. Results Exposure to HDM increased TNSS (mean ± SD ) to 3.4 ± 1.8, 3.3 ± 2.1, and 3.6 ± 2.0 at 250, 500 and 1000 SQE /m 3 , respectively, while lactose alone did not change TNSS (0.7 ± 0.6). The results were reproducible at 500 SQE /m 3 . Pulmonary function and adverse event frequency did not change with escalation of allergen dose. Conclusion This HDM allergen particle generation is safe, specific and reproducible and can therefore be used for efficacy testing of immunotherapy and for basic clinical research.
Acute leukemia following testicular carcinoma.
Authors: P Kerbrat, P Y Le Prise
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1985.3.9.1287 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3861776 Acute leukemia following testicular carcinoma. P KerbratxP KerbratSearch for articles by this author , P Y Le PrisexP Y Le PriseSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1985.3.9.1287 PDF "Acute leukemia following testicular carcinoma.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 3(9), p. 1287© 1985 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
GABA interneurons mediate the rapid antidepressant-like effects of scopolamine
Authors: Eric S. Wohleb, Min Wu, Danielle M. Gerhard, Seth R. Taylor, Marina R. Picciotto, Meenakshi Alreja, Ronald S. Duman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a recurring psychiatric illness that causes substantial health and socioeconomic burdens. Clinical reports have revealed that scopolamine, a nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, produces rapid antidepressant effects in individuals with MDD. Preclinical models suggest that these rapid antidepressant effects can be recapitulated with blockade of M1-type muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1-AChR); however, the cellular mechanisms underlying activity-dependent synaptic and behavioral responses to scopolamine have not been determined. Here, we demonstrate that the antidepressant-like effects of scopolamine are mediated by GABA interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Both GABAergic (GAD67+) interneurons and glutamatergic (CaMKII+) interneurons in the mPFC expressed M1-AChR. In mice, viral-mediated knockdown of M1-AChR specifically in GABAergic neurons, but not glutamatergic neurons, in the mPFC attenuated the antidepressant-like effects of scopolamine. Immunohistology and electrophysiology showed that somatostatin (SST) interneurons in the mPFC express M1-AChR at higher levels than parvalbumin interneurons. Moreover, knockdown of M1-AChR in SST interneurons in the mPFC demonstrated that M1-AChR expression in these neurons is required for the rapid antidepressant-like effects of scopolamine. These data indicate that SST interneurons in the mPFC are a promising pharmacological target for developing rapid-acting antidepressant therapies.
Effects of Crude Oil/Dispersant Mixture and Dispersant Components on PPAR <b>γ</b> Activity <i>in Vitro</i> and <i>in Vivo</i> : Identification of Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate (DOSS; CAS #577-11-7) as a Probable Obesogen
Authors: Alexis M. Temkin, Robert R. Bowers, Margaret E. Magaletta, Steven Holshouser, Adriana Maggi, Paolo Ciana, Louis J. Guillette, John A. Bowden, John R. Kucklick, John E. Baatz, Demetri D. Spyropoulos
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

BackgroundThe obesity pandemic is associated with multiple major health concerns. In addition to diet and lifestyle, there is increasing evidence that environmental exposures to chemicals known as obesogens also may promote obesity.ObjectivesWe investigated the massive environmental contamination resulting from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, including the use of the oil dispersant COREXIT in remediation efforts, to determine whether obesogens were released into the environment during this incident. We also sought to improve the sensitivity of obesogen detection methods in order to guide post-toxicological chemical assessments.MethodsPeroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) transactivation assays were used to identify putative obesogens. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used to sub-fractionate the water-accommodated fraction generated by mixing COREXIT, cell culture media, and DWH oil (CWAF). Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to identify components of fractionated CWAF. PPAR response element (PPRE) activity was measured in PPRE-luciferase transgenic mice. Ligand-binding assays were used to quantitate ligand affinity. Murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were used to assess adipogenic induction.ResultsSerum-free conditions greatly enhanced the sensitivity of PPARγ transactivation assays. CWAF and COREXIT had significant dose-dependent PPARγ transactivation activities. From SPE, the 50:50 water:ethanol volume fraction of CWAF contained this activity, and LC-MS indicated that major components of COREXIT contribute to PPARγ transactivation in the CWAF. Molecular modeling predicted several components of COREXIT might be PPARγ ligands. We classified dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS), a major component of COREXIT, as a probable obesogen by PPARγ transactivation assays, PPAR-driven luciferase induction in vivo, PPARγ binding assays (affinity comparable to pioglitazone and arachidonic acid), and in vitro murine adipocyte differentiation.ConclusionsWe conclude that DOSS is a putative obesogen worthy of further study, including epidemiological and clinical investigations into laxative prescriptions consisting of DOSS.CitationTemkin AM, Bowers RR, Magaletta ME, Holshouser S, Maggi A, Ciana P, Guillette LJ, Bowden JA, Kucklick JR, Baatz JE, Spyropoulos DD. 2016. Effects of crude oil/dispersant mixture and dispersant components on PPARγ activity in vitro and in vivo: identification of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS; CAS #577-11-7) as a probable obesogen. Environ Health Perspect 124:112–119; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409672
Fecal immunochemical testing results and characteristics of colonic lesions
Authors: Sascha van Doorn, Inge Stegeman, An Stroobants, Marco Mundt, Thomas de Wijkerslooth, Paul Fockens, Ernst Kuipers, Patrick Bossuyt, Evelien Dekker
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) are used to detect blood in feces, which might indicate the presence of colorectal neoplasia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether FIT results vary depending on the characteristics of colonic lesions. <b>Patients and methods:</b> This was a retrospective analysis of lesions detected in a cohort of asymptomatic individuals (aged 50 – 75 years) who were invited to participate in a FIT-based screening pilot in The Netherlands. The mean FIT result was compared across subgroups of individuals defined by histopathology of the most advanced lesion detected. In addition, the results were compared with data from a primary colonoscopy screening trial, in which participants also completed a FIT. <b>Results:</b> In three rounds of FIT-based screening, a total of 877 FIT-positive individuals underwent colonoscopy. Higher mean FIT results (hemoglobin [Hb]/g feces) were observed in individuals with carcinomas (199 μg Hb/g) and advanced adenomas (87 μg Hb/g) compared with participants with nonadvanced adenomas (50 μg Hb/g) or those with serrated lesions (46 μg Hb/g) (<i>P</i> < 0.001). In the primary colonoscopy trial, 1256 participants completed a FIT test and underwent colonoscopy. The number of participants with nonadvanced adenomas as the most advanced lesion was comparable between this group and the FIT-based screening group (20 % vs. 22 %). <b>Conclusion:</b> In FIT-based screening, the mean FIT results varied depending on the characteristics of the most advanced colonic lesion. The proportion of participants with a nonadvanced adenoma as the most advanced lesion was similar in the FIT-based screening group and in the primary colonoscopy screening group, suggesting that these lesions are coincidental findings rather than FIT-detected findings. Clinical trial registration: www.trialregister.nl number NTR2755.
A Comparison of Short-Term, Intensive Prednisone and Acetylsalicylic Acid Therapy in the Treatment of Acute Rheumatic Fever
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

AT the present time there is no general agreement on whether or not steroid therapy prevents residual rheumatic heart disease. During the past decade Wilson and her co-workers1 2 3 4 5 have presented a series of papers stating that very large doses of prednisone given for an average of seven days in the majority of cases terminated the activity of the rheumatic process and prevented residual rheumatic heart disease. None of these reports, however, included observations on a concurrent group treated with acetylsalicylic acid. In a previous study by the Combined Rheumatic Fever Study Group, the effect of moderate doses of prednisone continued . . .
Colin Deas Campbell
Authors: Heather Chan
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Colin Deas Campbell trained at St Thomas’ Hospital, London after being demobilised from the navy. On qualifying he wished to enter general practice and after several jobs—which included Steyning (West Sussex), Dunbar (East Lothian), and Nottingham—while seeking the ideal practice, he was offered the job as the GP for the village of Waddesdon, Buckinghamshire, in 1960. He was a singledhanded, dispensing practitioner, supported by a district nurse and …
CD8+ T Cells Effect Glomerular Injury in Experimental Anti-Myeloperoxidase GN
Authors: Janet Chang, Peter Eggenhuizen, Kim M. O’Sullivan, Maliha A. Alikhan, Stephen R. Holdsworth, Joshua D. Ooi, A. Richard Kitching
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2016)

Observations in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis suggest that CD8 + T cells participate in disease, but there is no experimental functional evidence of pathologic involvement for these cells. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a well defined autoantigen in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Studies in experimental models of anti-MPO GN suggest that, after ANCA–induced neutrophil localization, deposited MPO within glomeruli is recognized by autoreactive T cells that contribute to injury. We tested the hypothesis that CD8 + T cells mediate disease in experimental ANCA–associated vasculitis. CD8 + T cell depletion in the effector phase of disease attenuated injury in murine anti–MPO GN. This protection associated with decreased levels of intrarenal IFN- γ , TNF, and inflammatory chemokines and fewer glomerular macrophages. Moreover, we identified a pathogenic CD8 + T cell MPO epitope (MPO 431–439 ) and found that cotransfer of MPO 431–439 –specific CD8 + T cell clones exacerbated disease mediated by MPO–specific CD4 + cells in Rag1 −/− mice. Transfer of MPO 431–439 –specific CD8 + cells without CD4 + cells mediated glomerular injury when MPO was planted in glomeruli. These results show a pathogenic role for MPO–specific CD8 + T cells, provide evidence that CD8 + cells are a therapeutic target in ANCA-associated vasculitis, and suggest that a molecular hotspot within the MPO molecule contains important CD8 + , CD4 + , and B cell epitopes.
Mechanism of Experimental Tumorigenesis. III. Effect in Mouse Skin of 1,4-Sorbitan and 1,4,3,6-Dianhydrosorbitol Stearates&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Kai Setälä, Lauri Merenmies, Leo Stjernvall, Yrjö Aho, Paavo Kajanne
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1959)

When 1,4-sorbitan and 1,4,3,6-dianhydrosorbitol were substituted for the sugar alcohol in Span 60 (sorbitan monostearate) and Tween 60 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate), and the resulting products ≈0.18 m aqueous dispersions and solutions were painted 6 times a week on the mouse skin, the alterations in the skin of the back of the mouse corresponded to those caused by the original Span 60 and Tween 60, respectively. The Span 60-type products 1,4-sorbitan monostearate, 1,4-sorbitan distearate, 1,4-sorbitan tristearate, 1,4,3,6-dianhydrosorbitol monostearate, and 1,4,3,6-dianhydrosorbitol distearate were almost inactive. The Tween 60-type products polyoxyethylene-1,4-sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene-1,4-sorbitan distearate, polyoxyethylene-1,4-sorbitan tristerate, and polyoxyethylene-1,4,3,6-dianhydrosorbitol monostearate produced an immediately developing, high-degree, and regular epidermal hyperplasia. The evolution, general development, and nature of this hyperplasia were similar in all respects to those produced by Tween 60. This is one fact in favor of the significance of the physicochemical nature of a fatty acid ester-type agent which causes hyperplasia.
The Eurosurveillance reader survey – what’s next?
Authors: I Steffens
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

Preview this article: The Eurosurveillance reader survey – what’s next?, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/16/45/art20014-en-1.gif
Posttreatment depression in an alcohol and drug abuse population
Authors: D Hatsukami, R W Pickens
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

The prevalence and extent of relapse and the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms were measured cross-sectionally in a group of alcohol and drug abusers (N = 842) at 1, 6, or 12 months after their discharge from alcohol or drug abuse treatment. The rate and severity of depressive symptoms for subjects who did not relapse were no higher than those found among the general population. However, among subjects who relapsed, the rate and severity of depressive symptoms were higher than those found in the general population. Women were more depressed than men after treatment, but the ratio of depressed women to men was no higher than that found in the general population.
Phase I trial of the oral farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor lonafarnib (SCH66336): A Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium (PBTC) study
Authors: M. W. Kieran, R. Packer, J. Boyett, M. Sugrue, L. Kun
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

1517 Background: Children with recurrent or progressive central nervous system (CNS) tumors after optimal up-front therapy have a poor prognosis. Ras mutations or over-expression have been identified in both adult and pediatric brain tumors. Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that both ras mutant and non-mutated tumors that signal through this pathway can be effectively inhibited by farnesyl transferase inhibitors. We now report the results of the first phase I dose escalation trial of lonafarnib (Sarasar) administered orally twice daily to children with recurrent or progressive, poor prognosis CNS tumors. Methods: The primary objective of this study was to assess the dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of Sarasar. Additionally, the multiple dose pharmacokinetics of Sarasar was evaluated in patients both receiving or not receiving steroids. A preliminary assessment of activity was also performed. The dose of Sarasar has ranged from 70 mg/m2 (dose level 0) to 90, 115, 150 and is currently at 200 mg/m2/dose BID given by mouth without planned interruption. Evaluation for DLT was performed during the first 4 wks of therapy. Results: Thirty-nine children have been evaluated for this study to date (22 male/17 female), median age 13.4 years (range 3.9–19.5), with the following tumor types: high-grade glioma (17), brain stem glioma (6), medulloblastoma (3), PNET (4), ependymoma (2), low-grade glioma (3), meningioma (3), and gliomatosis cerebri (1). Therapy has been well tolerated and dose escalation continues. To date, the multiple dose PK have been determined in 9 patients. Sarasar is absorbed and eliminated slowly after oral administration with food. Median Tmax was 4 hr and there was minimal fluctuation in plasma concentrations. Pre-dose steady state concentrations were 26 to 100% of Cmax values. Conclusions: This dose escalation of oral Sarasar in children with CNS tumors continues to accrue patients at the 200mg/m2/dose given BID by oral administration. Full details of the dose-limiting and maximally-tolerated dose, pharmacokinetics and preliminary discussion of activity will be presented. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Schering-Plough Schering-Plough Schering-Plough Schering-Plough Schering-Plough
Validity of rapid cycling as a course specifier for bipolar disorder
Authors: M Maj, L Magliano, R Pirozzi, C Marasco, M Guarneri
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

This study's aim was to test the validity of rapid cycling, defined by criteria consistent with those proposed in the DSM-IV draft, as a course specifier for bipolar disorder.The study was conducted at a university center for affective disorders on patients fulfilling Research Diagnostic Criteria for bipolar disorder. Thirty-seven rapid-cycling patients, i.e., patients with at least four affective episodes during the previous year, were compared with 74 nonrapid-cycling patients on several demographic and clinical variables. All patients were then followed up prospectively for 2-5 years by monthly personal interviews.The rapid-cycling group was significantly older and had a significantly longer illness duration than the nonrapid-cycling group but did not have a significantly higher percentage of women or frequency of current hypothyroidism. During each year of follow-up, the mean number of affective episodes and the percentage of patients with at least four affective episodes were significantly higher among rapid-cycling patients. Rapid-cycling patients with a pole-switching pattern during the year preceding intake were significantly more likely than other rapid-cycling patients to have at least four affective episodes during each of the first 4 years of follow-up.These findings support the practical usefulness of rapid cycling as a course modifier for bipolar disorder, since it identifies a patient subgroup with a high recurrence rate. The predictive value of the modifier may be enhanced by the requirement of a pole-switching pattern. Since no external (i.e., unrelated to course) validator was found, the idea that rapid cycling represents one extreme of a continuum of episode frequency in bipolar disorder remains viable.
PWE-390 Response of the anal canal to stretch and anal acoustic reflectometry
Authors: J Nicholson, J Pearson, A Sharma, K Telford, E Kiff
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Anal acoustic reflectometry (AAR) is a new test that uses reflected sound waves to investigate patients with faecal incontinence (FI). AAR methodology and variables of opening pressure (OP), opening elastance (OE), closing pressure (CP), closing elastance (CE), hysteresis (HY), squeeze opening pressure (SOP) and squeeze opening elastance (SOE) have previously been described. The aim of this study was to establish the response to stretch of the anal canal. <h3>Method</h3> Prospective randomised cohort study in a tertiary pelvic floor unit. Patients were recruited and randomised into 2 groups of 25; the first group received normal rate AAR (5 cmH<sub>2</sub>0/3secs) then manometry (maximum resting pressure MRP and maximum squeeze pressure MSP) followed by a 2 min rest and then fast rate AAR (5 cmH<sub>2</sub>O/1secs) then manometry. The order was reversed for the second group. Clinical details and Vaizey score were recorded for all patients. <h3>Results</h3> 50 patients, 40 (80%) women, median age 62 (30–78), 27 (54%) mixed FI, 15 (30%) urge FI and 8 (16%) passive FI. The groups were matched for age (p = 0.6), sex (p = 0.27), type of FI (p = 0.06) and Vaziey score (p = 0.13). No difference was found between the normal and fast rate of AAR (values shown are means) for all AAR; OP 37.2 v 39.7 cmH<sub>2</sub>O p = 0.08, OE 0.97 v 0.98 cmH<sub>2</sub>O/mm<sup>2</sup>p = 0.87, CP 31.5 v 30.5 cmH<sub>2</sub>O p = 0.44, CE 0.94 v 0.95 cmH<sub>2</sub>O/mm<sup>2</sup>p = 0.67, HY 24.2 v 23.7% p = 0.73, SOP 66.1 v 62.2 cmH<sub>2</sub>O p = 0.06, SOE 1.06 v 1.07 cmH<sub>2</sub>O/mm<sup>2</sup>p = 0.82. Following AAR measurement no difference in manometry values were found; MRP 37.6 v 39.8 cmH<sub>2</sub>O p = 0.34, MSP 65.9 v 66.6 cmH<sub>2</sub>O p = 0.73. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Prior investigation with either fast or normal rate AAR does not influence manometry findings. Within the parameters of this study, the anal canal does not appear to respond differently to a faster rate of stretch, validating a faster method of performing AAR and suggesting that the response of the anal canal to stretch is already maximal at the lower rate of stretch. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Coxsackieviral infections involved in aseptic meningitis: a study in Slovakia from 2005 to 2009
Authors: M Sojka, L Wsólová, A Petrovičová
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

A wide range of diseases is associated with enteroviruses.They are reported to be responsible for viral meningitis, especially in children, but also in adults.This study analysed infection with eight selected coxsackievirus serotypes as the cause of aseptic meningitis in 480 patients in Slovakia from 2005 to 2009,using a quantitative assay for the detection of intrathecal antibodies. Intrathecal production of antibodies against selected coxsackieviruses was proved in 21%of these patients. A significant decrease from 35% in 2005 to 8,5% in 2009 (p=0.004) in the proportion of patients with proven intrathecal production of virus specific antibodies was observed during the study period. We conclude that coxsackievirus B4 was the endemic serotype in Slovakia and was responsible for most cases of coxsackieviral meningitis in the study period.