tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTH-008 Portal hypertensive gastropathy in the non cirrhotic patient: are we investigating this endoscopic finding adequately?
Authors: S Subramaniam, H Dadds, K Besherdas
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is characterised by an endoscopic gastric mucosal appearance of a mosaic or snake skin like pattern with or without cherry red spots. It occurs in up to 65% of patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension.<sup>1 </sup>However, PHG can also occur in patients without cirrhosis. It can be associated with non cirrhotic portal hypertension, extrahepatic portal vein obstruction, Budd Chiari syndrome and Helicobacter pylori (H Pylori). The severity of portal hypertension has been linked to the severity of cirrhosis (being more common in Childs Pugh C patients) and the presence of H pylori. The aim of this study was to evaluate the investigation of patients with PHG noted on endoscopy in the absence of known liver cirrhosis. <h3>Method</h3> A database of all patients with the endoscopic finding of PHG, noted on gastroscopies performed between October 2012 and January 2014, in a large district general hospital in North London was obtained. The patients were identified using the Unisoft Endoscopy Reporting software and data on patient demographics, diagnosis and investigations obtained from electronic patient records. A retrospective analysis of information on the patients’ diagnosis, endoscopic findings and further investigations organised including radiology and H pylori testing was performed. <h3>Results</h3> 113 patients were noted to have PHG on endoscopy during the study period. 23/113 (20.4%) did not have a diagnosis of chronic liver disease or cirrhosis. 17/23 (73.9%) patients had either a CT scan or ultrasound abdomen with portal and hepatic vein dopplers as part of their workup following the incidental finding of PHG on endoscopy. 10/23 (43.5%) patients underwent testing for H pylori (either urease test or faecal antigen) and 2 were found to be positive. Only 6 patients ultimately were diagnosed with clinically relevant pathology that would account for PHG; 2 had non cirrhotic portal hypertension, 2 had a liver abscess with portal vein thrombosis and 2 had H pylori related gastritis. The aetiology of PHG remained unclear in the remainder of the 17 patients. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A fifth of patients with PHG noted on endoscopy did not have liver cirrhosis. Just over 25% of patients in this group did not undergo further investigations to elucidate the cause of PHG. In our study, only 43% of patients with PHG in the absence of liver cirrhosis were tested for H pylori. Given that H pylori is a recognised association with PHG, we would recommend that all patients with PHG be tested for this easily treatable condition prior to undergoing further investigations to elucidate the cause of PHG. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Burak KW, Lee SS (2001) Portal hypertensive gastropathy and gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) syndrome. Gut 49:866–872
Chemical conversations in the gut microbiota
Authors: Jessica A. Thompson, Rita A. Oliveira, Karina B. Xavier
Journal: Gut Microbes (2016)

The gut microbiota is a complex, densely populated community, home to many different species that collectively provide huge benefits for host health. Disruptions to this community, as can result from recurrent antibiotic exposure, alter the existing network of interactions between bacteria and can render this community susceptible to invading pathogens. Recent findings show that direct antagonistic and metabolic interactions play a critical role in shaping the microbiota. However, the part played by quorum sensing, a means of regulating bacterial behavior through secreted chemical signals, remains largely unknown. We have recently shown that the interspecies signal, autoinducer-2 (AI-2), can modulate the structure of the gut microbiota by using Escherichia coli to manipulate signal levels. Here, we discuss how AI-2 could influence bacterial behaviors to restore the balance between the 2 major bacteria phyla, the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, following antibiotic treatment. We explore how this may impact on host physiology, community susceptibility or resistance to pathogens, and the broader potential of AI-2 as a means to redress the imbalances in microbiota composition that feature in many infectious and non-infectious diseases.
Multiple Intraperitoneal Transfusions of the Fetus for Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Authors: John M. Bowman, Rhinehart F. Friesen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

REPLACEMENT transfusion will salvage almost all infants with hemolytic disease of the new-born who are fortunate enough to survive to term and who are not hydropic. In our hands over the past ten years induction of labor in selected cases, occasionally as early as thirty-two weeks' gestation, has salvaged a further 104 babies who, on the basis of the history and degree of disease, noted at birth, would almost certainly have died before term. In the past two and a half years spectrophotometric examination of amniotic fluid has allowed a more accurate prognosis of degree of disease in the fetus, . . .
Protection of Acid–Base Balance by pH Regulation of Acid Production
Authors: Virginia L. Hood, Richard L. Tannen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Under normal physiologic conditions, acid–base balance is maintained by renal excretion of hydrogen ions generated during the metabolism of dietary protein and other metabolic processes. In normal subjects, these so-called fixed acids are produced at an average rate of approximately 1 mmol per kilogram of body weight, or 50 to 70 mmol per day, with a variety of organic acids accounting for half this amount and sulfuric and phosphoric acids for the remainder. When a disturbance in systemic pH occurs as the result of an excess or loss of acid or base, shifts in body buffers and ventilatory adjustment of . . .
Italy’s women are finding it harder to get abortions as number of pro-choice doctors fall
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Italy is failing to ensure that abortion is routinely available and is allowing discrimination to take place as the number of pro-choice doctors and nurses shrinks, the Council of Europe has said.

The Strasbourg based intergovernmental human rights watchdog said that women in Italy continued to have “significant difficulty” in accessing pregnancy termination services, even though abortion was legal, and that as a result Italy was violating women’s health rights.

“In some cases . . . women who want an abortion can be forced to turn to other providers, in Italy or abroad, or resort to ending their pregnancy without the support of competent health authorities,” it ruled in response to a complaint from a health workers’ union.

Silvana …
Power to the people
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2007)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of intravenous high dose human immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy on the clinical course and autoantibody titres of patients with neurological paraneoplastic syndromes. METHODS: Twenty two patients with paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis and sensory neuronopathy syndrome associated with anti-Hu antibodies (18) or paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) with anti-Yo antibodies (four), were treated with 1-26 (mean 5.8) cycles of IVIg. The Rankin scale was used to evaluate the response. RESULTS: The only serious toxicity was one case of haemolytic anaemia. Twenty one patients were evaluable for therapeutic response. One patient, with subacute sensory neuronopathy (SSN), improved for at least 15 months, 10 remained stable (eight with anti-Hu and two with anti-Yo antibodies), and 10 deteriorated (eight with anti-Hu and two with anti-Yo antibodies). In seven of the 10 patients who stabilised, the syndrome had already made a plateau when the treatment was started but three patients (one with anti-Hu and two with anti-Yo antibodies) who had still been progressing stabilised for six, eight, and more than 48 months, including one patient with SSN who achieved stabilisation when the neurological dysfunction was only moderate (Rankin scale = 3). Another patient with SSN and initial stable response worsened when IVIg was reduced and improved when it was increased. No significant predictive factors of outcome could be identified but improvement or stabilisation was more frequent in patients with isolated involvement of the peripheral nervous system (62%) than in patients with evidence of CNS damage (37%) at the onset of treatment. Stabilisation in patients with CNS involvement was only achieved when the neurological dysfunction was already severe (Rankin scale &gt; 3). The titres of autoantibodies did not change significantly. CONCLUSION: Treatment with IVIg at the doses given in the present protocol was not effective in paraneoplastic CNS syndromes associated with antineuronal antibodies. The role of this regime in the treatment of SSN should be further evaluated.
Introduction of a Part-Time Hospitalization Program into an Acute Psychiatric-Treatment Service
Authors: Lester Grinspoon, Raquel E. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

DAY care is at the present time a most interesting movement in mental health. It appears to be ever increasing in momentum both in this country and abroad, and it portends dramatic change in the traditional relations between the mental hospital, its patients and the community. Although the day-care movement is not new, its first practical application having taken place as early as 1933,1 only during the last decade and a half has it seemed to catch fire. Similarly, day care at the Massachusetts Mental Health Center is not new; a much broadened application of the concept, however, has only . . .
Weekly Docetaxel (Wd) Vs Cmf As Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Elderly Early Breast Cancer (Ebc) Patients (Pts): Final Results from the Randomised Phase 3 Elda Trial
Authors: F. Perrone, F. Nuzzo, F. Di Rella, A. Gravina, G. Landi, C. Pacilio, M. De Laurentiis, S. De Placido, V. Forestieri, P. Gargiulo, B. Daniele, V. Tinessa, S. Gori, G. Colantuoni, S. Barni, F. Riccardi, M.C. Piccirillo, M. Di Maio, C. Gallo, A. De Matteis
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
From Mosquitos to Humans: Genetic Evolution of Zika Virus
Authors: Lulan Wang, Stephanie G. Valderramos, Aiping Wu, Songying Ouyang, Chunfeng Li, Patricia Brasil, Myrna Bonaldo, Thomas Coates, Karin Nielsen-Saines, Taijiao Jiang, Roghiyh Aliyari, Genhong Cheng
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2016)
OC-032 Regenerative medicine for intestinal failure: demonstrating the potential for intestinal organoids to repopulate the epithelium of the intestine
Authors: L Meran, V Li, P De Coppi
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Irreversible intestinal failure (IF) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Parenteral nutrition (PN) services have improved over the last decade, yet the life expectancy of patients on PN remains far below enterally fed patients.<sup>1</sup>Patients suffering complications of PN are referred for intestinal transplantation however survival amongst those receiving a transplant is limited due to high graft-rejection rate, sepsis and risks of long-term immunosuppression. All these challenges reveal a persisting urgent need for new treatments for IF. Here, we present advances in our work on intestinal stem cell biology and tissue engineering that provide a realistic alternative to current available treatments for IF. <h3>Method</h3> Ethical approval was obtained from the NRES Committee London–Bloomsbury to collect intestinal tissue from patients at Great Ormond Street Hospital. Intestinal organoids were cultured as previously described.<sup>2</sup>Decellularization of whole intestinal sections was performed with 2 cycles of Detergent Enzymatic Treatment (DET).<sup>3</sup>Organoids were cultured on epithelial surfaces of acellular matrices <i><i>in vitro</i></i>for 10 days before fixation. Cell survival was analysed by histology, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy techniques. <h3>Results</h3> Three dimensional epithelial organoids were successfully cultured from endoscopic biopsies (Figure 1). Organoids were expanded to generate sufficient cells to repopulate the matrix at the required density. Whole sections of intestine were successfully decellularized and assessed using H&amp;E staining and scanning electron microscopy. Organoids were seeded onto the epithelial surface of the matrices and allowed to engraft for a period of 10 days. The formation of a neo-epithelium with evidence of a microvillus brush border was evident after 10 days in culture. Furthermore, cells had successfully migrated into the crypt domains of the matrix. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We demonstrate the potential of tissue engineering for intestinal failure by combining organoid cultures with decellularization expertise. Our results confirm intestinal organoids to be the ideal source of progenitor cells to regenerate the intestinal epithelium, with potential clinical applications for transplantation. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Pironi L, Joly F, Forbes A, <i>et al</i>. Long-term follow up of patients on home parenteral nutrition in Europe: implications for intestinal transplantation. Gut 2011;60:17–25 Sato T, Stange DE, Ferrante M, <i>et al</i>. Long term expansion of epithelial organoids from human colon, adenoma, adenocarcinoma and Barrett’s epithelium. Gastroenterology 2011;141(5):1762–72 Totonelli G, Maghsoudlou P, Garriboli M, <i>et al</i>. A rat decellularized small bowel scaffold that preserves villus-crypt architecture for intestinal regeneration. Biomaterials 2012;33(12):3401–10
Dietary Intervention During the Postdosing Phase of l-Azaserine-Induced Preneoplastic Lesions2
Authors: Thomas P. O'Connor, Bill D. Roebuck, T. C. Campbell
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Journal Article Dietary Intervention During the Postdosing Phase of l-Azaserine-Induced Preneoplastic Lesions Get access Thomas P. O'Connor, Thomas P. O'Connor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bill D. Roebuck, Bill D. Roebuck Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. C. Campbell T. C. Campbell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 75, Issue 5, November 1985, Pages 955–957, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/75.5.955 Published: 01 November 1985 Article history Received: 14 February 1985 Accepted: 17 July 1985 Published: 01 November 1985
Egfr-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (Tki) Rechallenge with Bevacizumab in Egfr-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (Nsclc)
Authors: K. Otsuka, A. Hata, R. Kato, J. Takeshita, C. Okuda, R. Kaji, K. Masago, S. Fujita, N. Katakami
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
The component-specific to total IgE ratios do not improve peanut and hazelnut allergy diagnoses
Authors: Linus Grabenhenrich, Lars Lange, Magdalena Härtl, Birgit Kalb, Mandy Ziegert, Antje Finger, Neda Harandi, Ruppert Schlags, Monika Gappa, Letizia Puzzo, Volker Stephan, Thomas Heigele, Susanne Büsing, Hagen Ott, Bodo Niggemann, Kirsten Beyer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
A New Human Breast Carcinoma Cell Line (PMC42) With Stem Cell Characteristics. II. Characterization of Cells Growing as Organoids
Authors: R H Whitehead, P Monaghan, L M Webber, I Bertoncello, A A Vitali
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

A new human breast carcinoma cell line (PMC42) has been further characterized. The cells can grow either as monolayers or as floating cords of cells. The cords grow in suspension for long periods but may spontaneously attach and grow out to form a typical PMC42 monolayer. Ultrastructurally, the cells resemble breast ductal cells in many respects. Both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and prolactin induce ultrastructural changes, and lipid production is stimulated markedly by both factors. EGF also promoted the attachment of the floating cords and the growth of cells from these cords as monolayer cultures. The karyotype of the cord cells is different from that previously described for the monolayer cultures. Cord cells are hypodiploid (mode 39), whereas the monolayer cultures are subtriploid (mode 66). Although the ploidy is different, the karyotypes are related with 9 marker chromosomes being common to both populations. In addition, cultures in which cords have attached and in which cells are growing out as monolayers are bimodal with 10-20% of the cells becoming pseudotetraploid with a mode of 77.
Overall survival (OS) and updated disease-free survival (DFS) results of the NSABP C-08 trial assessing bevacizumab (B) in stage II and III colon cancer.
Authors: C. J. Allegra, G. A. Yothers, M. J. O'Connell, S. Sharif, N. J. Petrelli, L. H. Colangelo, N. Wolmark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

3508 Background: The NSABP trial C-08 was designed to test the efficacy of the addition of B to modified FOLFOX 6 (mFF6) adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage II and III colon cancer. Methods: Following complete surgical resection, patients were randomly assigned to adjuvant treatment with either mFF6 for 6 months or the same regimen with the addition of B 5mg/kg every 2 weeks for 1 year. Hazard ratio (HR)< 1 favors B. 95% CIs are indicated in brackets [ ]. Results: A total of 2,710 patients were randomly assigned (2,673 at risk for recurrence and with follow-up). Demographic factors were well-balanced between the arms. After a median follow-up period of 55 months, the addition of B to mFF6 did not result in an improvement in DFS (HR = 0.93 [0.81-1.08]; p=0.34) or OS (HR = 0.96 [0.79-1.15]; p=0.64). These outcomes were similar for patients with either stage II or III disease. A time-by-treatment interaction using a 15-month landmark was significant (p < 0.0001) with B demonstrating a strong benefit in DFS prior to the landmark (HR = 0.61 [0.48-0.78]; p < 0.0001) and a borderline worse outcome following the landmark (HR = 1.20 [1.00-1.44]; p= 0.052). Although not reaching statistical significance, patients treated with B experienced a poorer survival following relapse (SAR) and longer time to recurrence (TTR) compared with those who did not receive B (SAR:HR = 1.16 [0.94-1.43]; p=0.17) (TTR: HR=0.92 [0.78-1.09] ;p=0.34). Conclusions: The addition of 1 year of B to 6 months of mFF6 does not significantly impact the DFS or OS of patients with stage II and III colon cancer. A transient effect was observed in the experimental arm during B exposure but this did not translate into the prevention of tumor recurrences. The improved DFS prior to the 15-month landmark may be due to growth inhibition of micrometastases and/or effects on tumor vasculature which could impact tumor imaging. This long term followup data from NSABP C-08 does not support the development of a more aggressive cancer phenotype in patients exposed to B. Funded by NCI PHS grants U10-CA-37377, U10-CA-69974, U10-CA-12027, and U10-CA-69651, with additional support from sanofi-aventis and Genentech, USA.
Clinical implications of the molecular relationship between HER2 and BRCA1
Authors: R. E. Ellsworth, B. Deyarmin, J. A. Hooke, C. D. Shriver
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

10536 Background: While HER2 status is used prognostically, the effects of HER2 can be influenced by other genes; co- amplification of TOP2A modulates the effectiveness of treatment with Herceptin. BRCA1, deleted in &gt;50% of sporadic breast tumors, is located distal to HER2 on chromosome 17q and is marked by structural instability. To determine how alterations at the BRCA1 locus may modify amplification of HER2, FISH analysis of BRCA1 was performed in breast tumors with HER2 amplification and/or allelic imbalance on chromosome 17q12. Methods: HER2 status (n=68) was determined using the PathVysion HER2 kit. For BRCA1 analysis, DNA probes were generated by nick translation from a BAC clone containing the entire BRCA1 gene in conjunction with a CEP 17 probe. Copy number gains and deletions were defined as BRCA1:CEP17 &gt;1.3 and &lt;0.8, respectively; aneusomy was defined when &gt;10% of tumor cells had copy numbers &gt; (polysomy) or &lt; (monosomy) than two. Results: Amplification of the HER2 gene was detected in 57% of tumors; an additional 16% of tumor were polysomic for chromosome 17q. The remaining 27% of tumors had previously detected allelic imbalance at the 17q12 region. The majority of samples (47%) were characterized by an amplification of HER2 with a downstream deletion of BRCA1, while HER2 and BRCA1 were amplified concomitantly in 21% of tumors, including those with polysomy of 17q. Fifteen percent of samples were monosomic for chromosome 17q; using current clinical scoring criteria, each of those samples were reported as having, despite the altered copy number, negative HER2 status. Levels of overall genomic instability, which were previously measured at 26 chromosomal regions, were significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) in tumors with deletion of BRCA1 compared to those without loss of BRCA1 (38% and 24%, respectively). Conclusions: Alterations, especially deletions, of BRCA1 are highly correlated with copy number changes in HER2. Because deletion of BRCA1 has been associated with overall genomic instability, patients with amplification of HER2 and deletion of BRCA1 may prove unresponsive treatment with Herceptin. Loss of BRCA1 should, therefore, be considered as a genetic modifier to HER2 amplification and the status of BRCA1 should be considered in selecting treatment options for patients with HER2 amplified tumors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A Comparison of Marrow Transplantation with Chemotherapy for Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Second or Subsequent Remission
Authors: F. Leonard Johnson, E. Donnall Thomas, Barbara S. Clark, Ronald L. Chard, John R. Hartmann, Rainer Storb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

The progress of 24 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with cyclophosphamide, total-body irradiation, and marrow transplantation during a second or subsequent remission was compared with that of 21 children treated with conventional chemotherapy after they had entered a second remission. Eleven of the transplantation group are alive, including nine in continuing complete remission for 17 to 55 months; only two of the chemotherapy group are alive, one in complete remission after 20 months. Relapse was the major cause of failure in both groups. Acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease in the transplantation group and leukoencephalopathy in both groups were the other major causes of morbidity and mortality. This study demonstrates that marrow transplantation currently offers the best chance of long-term remission and potential cure after a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia has had a relapse in the marrow.
Case 26-2007
Authors: Gregg S. Meyer, Charles A. Hales, Philip C. Amrein, Amita Sharma, Richard L. Kradin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 61-year-old man was admitted to this hospital because of recurrent fevers and pulmonary infiltrates. He had been well until approximately 3.5 months earlier, when chills, fevers, and fatigue developed, followed by dyspnea, all of which persisted despite antimicrobial therapy. On admission, the patient had daily fever, with temperatures up to 38.9° C; the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 94 mm per hour. Computed tomography of the chest showed interlobular septal thickening and hilar and subcarinal lymphadenopathy. Positron-emission tomography showed diffuse uptake in the lungs. A diagnostic procedure was performed.