tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NUEVA PREPARACION EN CAPSULOENDOSCOPIA DE COLON
Authors: C Gutierrez Gonzalez, I Gutierrez Domingo, I Moreno Garcia, A Gutierrez Domingo
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Introducción: Desde la introduccion de la capsula endoscopica de colon su principal limitacion ha sido obtener un grado de limpieza adecuado y conseguir la expulsion en tiempo, de manera que permita una exploracion adecuada. Por otro lado con la preparación standard hay limitaciones de uso por sus inconvenientes (PEG 4 litros, fosfato sodico, domperidona). Objetivos: Nuestro objetivo era doble: obtener mejor grado de limpieza y conseguir la expulsion en tiempo para completar la exploracion. De ahi que plantearamos retirar fosfato sodico y domperidona y utilizar solo PEG dos litros con acido ascorbico (Moviprep) y un procinetico como la Prucaloprida (Resolor). Material y Método: Se incluyen 80 pacientes: 40 pertenecen al grupo control (Moviprep/Fosfosoda/Domperidona) y otros 40 de grupo protocolo (Moviprep/Prucaloprida). La pauta de administracion fue: Moviperp 1 litro la tarde antes de la exploracion y 1 litro en la mañana de la exploracion, ademas medio litro en forma de boosters en las dos alarmas. Prucaloprida 2 mgs a razon de 1 comprimdo cada dia de la dieta, total 3 comprimidos, y 2 juntos en la mañana de la exploracion. Se valoraron grado de limpieza, tasa de expulsion en tiempo, tiempos de transito gastrico, intestinal y colonico, y valorar efectos adversos. Resultados: Cohorte con 32 hombres y 48 mujeres, con edad media de 53.3 años (14 – 82). Se consiguio un grado de limpieza adecuado en un 92% de los casos frente al 55% en los controles. Tasa de expulsión en tiempo del 87,5% en los casos por un 67,5% en los controles (p = 0,057). Se acortaron los tiempos medios de tránsito gástrico (74.9 vs. 49 minutos; p = 0,092), intestinal (81 vs. 42 minutos; p = 0,001) y colonico (252 vs. 188 minutos; p = 0.49). Ninguna complicación ni efecto adverso asociada a la nueva preparación. Conclusiones: Mejora el grado de limpieza, aumenta la tasa de expulsion, acelera mas en tramos altos gastrico e intestinal que en colonico, lo cual nos interesa para una buena exploracion colonica, mejora la tolerancia al Polietilenglicol.
Abstract 1681: Genetic ancestry distribution in basal-cell carcinoma cases and controls from Puerto Rico
Authors: Hector Diaz-Zabala, Julie Dutil, Jaime Matta
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: The incidence and clinical presentation of Basal-cell carcinoma (BCC) vary among different ethnic subgroups. In the Hispanic population of Puerto Rico, the contribution of genetic ancestral factors in determining BCC risk and its clinical presentation is unknown. Methods: The study population consists of 83 BCC skin cancer cases and 89 controls recruited from a private dermatology practice in Ponce, Puerto Rico. A panel of 106 ancestry informative markers was genotyped using iPLEX Sequenom technology. Individual genetic ancestry was estimated using a maximum likelihood approach. The distribution of genetic ancestry was compared between cases and controls. Results: The distribution of genetic ancestry among the 172 study subjects varied from 0 to 89% African, 11 to 99% European, and 0 to 70% Native American. There was no significant difference in the average European (p= 0.891), African (p= 0.44) and Native American (p= 0.232) ancestry proportions between BCC cases and controls. Conclusions: Global genetic ancestry does not seem to contribute significantly to the risk of BCC in the Puerto Rican population. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1681. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1681
<i>Escherichia coli</i>expands the proportion of helios<sup>+</sup>natural CD25<sup>+</sup>CD127<sup>low/neg</sup>regulatory T cells in newborn children
Authors: Hardis Rabe, Anna-Carin Lundell, Ingegerd Adlerberth, Agnes E Wold, Anna Rudin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Backgroundand objectives</h3> CD4<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells (Tregs) in human newborns are naïve but fully functional and essential in the maintenance of self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. Naïve Tregs are able to proliferate and still maintain suppressive ability after stimulation. The authors here asked whether bacteria that colonise the gut are able to induce proliferation of naïve Tregs from newborns. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Mononuclear cells were isolated from cord blood of healthy newborns and peripheral blood of healthy adults. The authors defined the regulatory T cells as the CD4+CD25+CD127<sup>low/neg</sup> T cells (Tregs) both in the subsequent cell sorting, the suppression assays and and when subdividing them into helios<sup>+</sup> natural Tregs and peripherally induced helios<sup>neg</sup> Tregs. The cell cultures were stimulated with UV-killed bacteria isolated from infants, here <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> or <i>Lactobacilli paracaseii</i>. The authors also analysed the relation between gut bacterial colonisation and regulatory T cells in a prospective newborn-infant cohort of 64 children using multivariate factor analysis. <h3>Results</h3> The proportion of Tregs out of CD4 cells was significantly lower in newborns compared to adults and newborns had a significantly higher fraction of helios<sup>+</sup> natural Tregs compared to adults. Tregs from newborns suppressed autologous naïve CD4<sup>+</sup> responder cells equally well as Tregs from adults. Stimulation with <i>E.coli</i> significantly expanded the proportion of Tregs of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in newborns in contrast to adults. When subdivided into natural and induced Tregs the authors found that the expansion of the Tregs in newborns was more pronounced in the natural than in the induced Treg fraction. In the prospective newborn-infant cohort the authors found a positive association with early gut colonisation with <i>E.coli</i> but no other gut bacteria with the proportion of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4<sup>+</sup>) CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells at 1 month of age. <h3>Conclusions</h3> <i>E.coli</i> expands the proportion of preferentially helios<sup>+</sup> natural CD25<sup>+</sup>CD127<sup>low/neg</sup> regulatory T cells from newborn children in invitro experiments. These results were supported by the finding that early colonisation with <i>E.coli</i> and no other bacteria was associated to higher proportions of CTLA-4 positive CD4+ T cells in 1-month-old infants in the prospective newborn-infant cohort. Thus, intestinal colonisation with <i>E.coli</i> may play an important role in increasing the proportion of natural Tregs in infants, which may enhance the possibility of maintaining self-tolerance and immune homeostasis.
Abstract 4282: Analysis of epithelial and stromal cell networks in prostate cancer by gene expression profiles
Authors: Shingo Ashida, Chiaki Kawada, Keiji Inoue, Taro Shuin
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Recent studies have highlighted tumor microenvironment as important in carcinogenesis and progression. Especially in prostate cancer (PC), it has been suggested that tumor microenvironment plays an important role in progression, acquisition of androgen independence, and distant metastasis. However, little is known about the genetic basis of human PC microenvironment. The prognosis of PC is related to invasion and metastasis. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has gained considerable attention as a conceptual paradigm to explain invasive and metastatic behavior during cancer progression. EMT is a normal physiologic process by which cells of epithelial origin convert into cells with mesenchymal characteristics. It has been proposed that EMT is induced by cancer cells during metastatic dissemination from a primary organ to secondary sites, but how EMT occurs during PC invasion and metastasis remains uncertain. To clarify the mechanism of PC progression and metastasis, we investigated cross-interaction of PC epithelial cells and stromal cells by analyzing genome-wide gene expression profiles. We hypothesized that PC cells could affect on stromal cells to change their characteristics into so-called cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which might contribute to cancer invasion and metastasis. Likewise, CAFs could affect on surrounding normal epithelial cells to change their characteristics into PC cells. We first analyzed three of genome-wide gene expression profiles; normal human prostate stromal cells (PrSC) co-cultured with human prostate cancer cells (LNCaP), LNCaP co-cultured with PrSC, and human prostate epithelial cells (PrEC) co-cultured with cancer-associated PrSC which is PrSC previously co-cultured with LNCaP. Before microarray analysis, we confirmed the overexpression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in PrSC co-cultured with LNCaP, which means the transition from normal stromal cells to CAFs. We then analyzed networks among PC cells, stromal cells, and surrounding normal epithelial cells by analyzing gene expression profiles and validated our data using real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and bioinformatics. These data provide clues to the molecular mechanisms underlying PC invasion and metastasis, and suggest candidate genes the products of which might serve as molecular targets for the treatment of PC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4282. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4282
Abstract LB-15: Overexpression of Pak1 and Pak4 contributes to endometrial carcinogenesis
Authors: Michelle KY Siu, Daniel SH Kong, Hoi Yan Chan, Sheila YP Ngai, Lili Jiang, Esther SY Wong, Hextan YS Ngan, Annie NY Cheung
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer worldwide and its incidence in Asia is rising. It can be classified into two major types: the estrogen dependent type I endometrioid carcinoma that comprises about 80% of endometrial cancers and the type II non-endometroid carcinoma, which is estrogen-independent, including serous carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma. p21-activated kinases (Paks) are major effectors of the small Rho GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42 that play important roles in cell morphology, cytoskeletal reorganization, apoptosis, survival and angiogenesis. This study investigated the expression patterns, clinical significance, functional roles and putative downstream targets of Pak1 and Pak4 in endometrial cancer. Methods and Results: Immunohistochemical study of Pak1, Pak4 and p-Pak4 Ser474 (the activated form) was performed on 10 normal atrophic endometrium, 16 hyperplastic endometrium without atypia, 17 atypical complex hyperplasia and 67 endometrial carcinomas. Pak1 was expressed in cytoplasm whereas Pak4 and p-Pak4 were expressed in both cytoplasm and nucleus. Significantly higher Pak1, Pak4 and p-Pak4 expression was detected in hyperplastic endometrium and endometrial carcinomas than normal atrophic endometrium. Moreover, endometrioid carcinomas showed significantly higher Pak1 expression than non-endometrioid carcinomas. In endometrial carcinomas, expression of Pak4 was found to be correlated with proliferation markers, MCM7 and Ki67. By quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, significantly higher Pak1 and Pak4 mRNA expression was observed in endometrial cancer samples when compared with the corresponding non-tumor counterparts. Up-regulation of Pak1 and Pak4 mRNA and protein expression was also found in cancer cell lines compared with normal endometrial cells. Knockdown of Pak1 by siRNA in RL-95–2, an endometrial cancer cell line with relatively high Pak1 expression, inhibited cell proliferation along with down-regulation of estrogen receptor alpha mRNA and protein expression. Conclusion: This is the first report revealing the expression of Pak1 and Pak4 in normal atrophic, hyperplastic endometrium and endometrial carcinomas, suggesting Pak1 and Pak4 to be useful markers in detection of endometrial carcinoma in postmenopausal women and potential therapeutic targets in endometrial cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-15. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-15
¿CUÁL ES LA IMPORTANCIA DE LA CURVA DE APRENDIZAJE EN LA TÉCNICA DE EXTRACCIÓN DE COLEDOCOLITIASIS DE GRAN TAMAÑO (CGT) MEDIANTE PAPILOPLASTIA CON BALÓN (PCB)?
Authors: E Tavío, E Vázquez, E Rodriguez, JÁ González, JR Foruny, V Benita, V Defarges, D Boixeda, A Albillos
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Introducción: La extracción de CGT mediante PCB tiene una eficacia considerable. Se desconoce si el grado de experiencia en la técnica influye en sus resultados y complicaciones.
P108 Healthcare Professionals Perceptions of Self Management in COPD – Important, Challenging and Misunderstood
Authors: HML Young, S Harrison, LD Apps, VL Warrington, SJ Singh
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> There is increasing focus on the importance of self management (SM) within COPD. Literature from other chronic diseases highlights the challenges of implementing SM and the lack of specialist training available. Currently we have no knowledge of what Health Care Professionals (HCP) understand by the term ‘SM‘ and their perceptions of the challenges to successfully supporting SM strategies specifically with a COPD population. A greater awareness of HCP understanding and beliefs surrounding SM is likely to inform training, enhance professional development and improve delivery of SM to patients with COPD. <h3>Aim</h3> To explore HCP understanding of SM and their perceptions of the challenges of supporting COPD patients with SM in order to identify education, training and resource needs. <h3>Method</h3> A purposive sample of 14 respiratory HCP participated in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis was performed. Two experienced researchers (SH, LA) analysed a sub-group of interviews to enhance rigour. <h3>Results</h3> Three main themes emerged from the data: 1. <i>Understanding of SM –</i> meaning, importance<i>.</i> 2. <i>Supporting SM –</i> advising and working in partnership. 3. <i>Challenges to delivering SM -</i> service, cultural and perceived patient barriers. <h3>Conclusion</h3> HCP demonstrate a lack of understanding regarding SM which subsequently impacts upon its successful delivery. In spite of this, all HCP agreed that SM is an important aspect of care for COPD patients. HCP feel apt in the delivery of advice and many worked in partnership with their patients but most failed to consistently address additional SM needs. HCP could improve their delivery of individualised SM by abandoning preconceptions about their patients and enhancing skills to assist patients with core SM strategies including: problem solving, decision making and taking action. Addressing service challenges such as lack of time, prioritisation of achieving QOF indicators and increasing workload demands, as well as the cultural challenges created by professional hierarchies may allow HCP to deliver quality SM more consistently and effectively.
Abstract 926: The angiotensin IV analog Norleual acts as a hepatocyte growth factor/c-Met inhibitor in pancreatic cancer cells.
Authors: Leen H. Kawas, Phillip Harris, Kevin Church, John W. Wright, Joseph W. Harding
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The primary purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) antagonist Norleual is capable of attenuating the cellular responses of pancreatic cancer cells to HGF. The angiotensin IV analog Norleual [Nle-Tyr-Ile-ψ-(CH2-NH2)3-4-His-Pro-Phe] exhibits structural homology with the hinge (linker) region of HGF and acts to block HGF dimerization, a process required for its activation. Norleual competitively inhibited the binding of a H3-Hinge peptide sequence to the HGF, and binds directly to HGF with a Ki = 3.6x10-12M. Predictably, Norleual is able to block the cellular responses due to HGF activation in multiple cell types at concentrations in the picomolar range including HGF/c-Met sensitive pancreatic cancer cells. Norleual's ability to inhibit the growth and survival of pancreatic cancer cells was evaluated using viability testing and cell sorting tags to identify living, dead and apoptotic cells. HGF/c-Met activation increases the invasive potential of the pancreatic cancer cells, which provides a mechanistic basis for the ability of c-Met to support pancreatic tumor metastasis. In this regard Norleual as an HGF antagonist was able to block the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells through collagen gels in a transwell chamber. Over-activation of the growth factor system HGF/c-Met is a critical contributor to pancreatic cancer's ability to disseminate rapidly and its refractoriness to standard chemotherapy. Norleual, which is a representative of a “first-in-class” group of molecules that blocks the activation step of HGF, represent a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Leen H. Kawas, Phillip Harris, Kevin Church, John W. Wright, Joseph W. Harding. The angiotensin IV analog Norleual acts as a hepatocyte growth factor/c-Met inhibitor in pancreatic cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 926. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-926
Ga-67 Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of Primary Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma of the Larynx
Authors: Jabour Khoury, Jacqueline Jerushalmi, Hector Isaaq Cohen, Suheil Nasrallah
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

KHOURY, JABOUR M.D.*; JERUSHALMI, JACQUELINE M.D.*; ISAAQ COHEN, HECTOR M.D.†; NASRALLAH, SUHEIL M.D.‡ Author Information
The implicit possibility of dualism in quantum probabilistic cognitive modeling
Authors: Donald Mender
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Pothos &amp; Busemeyer (P&amp;B) argue convincingly that quantum probability offers an improvement over classical Bayesian probability in modeling the empirical data of cognitive science. However, a weakness related to restrictions on the dimensionality of incompatible physical observables flows from the authors' “agnosticism” regarding quantum processes in neural substrates underlying cognition. Addressing this problem will require either future research findings validating quantum neurophysics or theoretical expansion of the uncertainty principle as a new, neurocognitively contextualized, “local” symmetry.
Endoscopic removal of an embedded partially covered esophageal self-expandable metallic stent by overtube technique
Authors: S. Yan, C. Chen, Y. Yeh, S. Yueh
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Self-expandable metallic stents (SEMSs) have been used to treat benign esophageal disorders such as leaks, perforations, and fistulas [1] [2]. Fully covered SEMSs are often used to enable stent removal but have the disadvantage of easy dislocation or migration [2]. Stent embedding is a particular problem of partially covered SEMSs and may occur as early as 2 – 3 weeks after placement [1]. Removal of embedded stents is frequently associated with bleeding and mucosal tears [3] [4]. We report here the successful retrieval of an embedded partially covered esophageal SEMS by a novel technique involving the use of a plastic overtube.
SP0132 Pro development to improve and deepen understanding of clinical outcomes
Authors: R.H. Osborne
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

In the clinical setting, PROs are used to support clinicians to make decisions about care and thus they may have a substantial influence on a person's life. When considering the development of a questionnaire, the saying; "garbage in, garbage out" holds true. Therefore it is critical that the methods used to generate the questionnaire are based on both the patient perspective and the clinician perspective. This presentation will review the relative merits of traditional and modern approaches to questionnaire generation. Practical examples will be drawn from the literature and from the author's work in developing questionnaires to measure back pain burden, osteoarthritis burden, the need for joint replacement surgery, and impact of patient education programs. Key elements for initial question and questionnaire development: 1. Clear declaration of the purpose of the questionnaire. Exactly how will the questionnaire and the resulting data be used to improve care? 2. Understanding the construct (or "thing") that needs to be measured. The use of Concept Mapping and other qualitative and quantitative techniques. 3. Question wording that has emanated from patients and the patient-clinician interaction, and be faithful to the purpose of the questionnaire. 4. Draft questions undergo cognitive testing in naïve patient groups to verify the question being answered is the one intended. 5. Verification of the construct validity in target patient populations through modern psychometric analyses. Finally, the fallacy of a "validated questionnaire" will be discussed – it needs to be recognised that construct validation is an ongoing process, and that an instrument is never validated per se but that each interpretation of the scores needs to be validated in specific clinical settings. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared