tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTH-260 Oral rehydration therapy to restore the water and electrolyte balance post-colectomy: results from a placebo-controlled randomised cross-over trial
Authors: S Mallappa, S Gabe, RK Phillips, MD Robertson, SK Clark
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> We have demonstrated metabolic disturbances and poor quality of life post-colectomy in patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) in restoring water and electrolyte balance post-colectomy. <h3>Method</h3> A blinded placebo-controlled randomised cross-over trial was undertaken. Thirty patients with demonstrated hyperaldosteronism from on-going observational study were recruited. Patients were randomised to receive either placebo or ORT first in a cross-over trial with an intervening washout period. Patients attended clinical investigation day (CID) three times. CID Fasting urine and blood samples were collected to measure sodium loss, hydration status and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed using SF-36 and FACIT-F questionnaires. Full ethics approval was obtained and the trial has been registered (ISRCTN76735966). <h3>Results</h3> i) Observational study: 70 patients who had undergone colectomy were recruited. 34 patients (49%) demonstrated fasting hyperaldosteronism (&gt;250pmol/L) leading to higher urinary losses of potassium (<i>p = 0</i>.03) and creatinine (<i>p = 0</i>.01). ii) Cross-over RCT Biochemistry results Data acquired so far in 16 patients (n = 48 CIDs) have demonstrated fasting plasma aldosterone concentration post-ORT to be significantly lower compared to baseline [189.25 (7.24) <i>vs.</i>536.25 (12.56) pmol/L; <i>p = 0</i>.05]. <i>QoL results</i> <b>SF-36</b>–Post-ORT, patients reported an improvement in six of the eight dimensions of health (role physical, bodily pain, vitality, general health, social functioning and role emotional) with an overall improvement in both composite scores (physical and mental component summary scores) <b>FACIT-F</b>–Post-ORT, patients reported higher scores on four of the five scales (physical well-being, social well-being, emotional well-being and fatigue scale) with higher total scores. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Metabolic disturbances are common after colectomy leading to a poor quality of life. ORT forms a safe and effective intervention to correct the metabolic disturbances post-colectomy resulting in a positive impact on quality of life. SOURCES OF FUNDING Miss S Mallappa has been awarded a two year Royal College of Surgeons of England Surgical Research Fellowship funded by the IA support group (2012–2014). Miss S Mallappa has also received seedcorn grants from St Mark’s Academic Institute. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Examination of the roles of glycoprotein Ib and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in platelet deposition on an artificial surface using clinical antiplatelet agents and monoclonal antibody blockade
Authors: RA Sheppeck, M Bentz, C Dickson, S Hribar, J White, J Janosky, SA Berceli, HS Borovetz, PC Johnson
Journal: Blood (1991)
PWE-021 Octreotide long-active release in the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding due to vascular malformations: cost-effectiveness study
Authors: K Klimova, C Padilla, A Gimenez-Manzorro, A Hernando Alonso
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Gastrointestinal haemorrhage due to vascular malformations has a negative impact on patients' quality of life and consumes an important quantity of resources. <h3>Objective</h3> Analyse the cost-effectiveness of long-active releasing octreotide (OCT-LAR) in the treatment of gastrointestinal haemorrhage secondary to vascular malformations. <h3>Method</h3> Retrospective study, including 19 pacients that were treated with mensual injections of OCTLAR between 2008–2013. The number of blood transfusions, haemoglobin levels, hospital admissions and possible side effects during the year before treatment and the year after the start of the treatment were assessed, and cost-effectiveness was analysed. <h3>Results</h3> After the beginning of the treatment with OCTLAR, complete response was observed in 7 patients (36.8%), partial response in 7 patients (36.8%) and 5 patients (26.3%) continued to require admissions, blood transfusions and/or endoscopic treatment. We observed significant reduction in the length of admission per year (in days) before and after the start of the treatment (22.79 vs. 2.01 days, p &lt; 0.0001) as well as in the number of blood transfusions administered (11.19 vs. 2.55 blood transfusions per year, p = 0.002). The mean haemoglobin levels increased from 6.9 g/dl to 10.62 g/dl (p &lt; 0.0001). We observed reduction of costs of 61.5% between the two periods (from 36,072.35 to 13,867.57 €, p = 0.01). No side effects related to treatment were described. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In conclusion, OCT-LAR seems to be a cost efficient and safe pharmacological treatment of gastrointestinal haemorrhage secondary to vascular malformations, mainly in patients in whom endoscopic or surgical treatment is contraindicated. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Molina Infante J, Pérez Gallardo B, Hernández Alonso M, Mateos Rodríguez JM, Dueñas Sadornil C, Fernández Bermejo M. Octreotide long acting release for severe obscure gastrointestinal haemorrhage in elderly patients with serious comorbidities. Med Clin (Barc) 2009;133:667–70
Effect of case definition on affective disorder rates
Authors: W Coryell, G Winokur, N C Andreasen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

In a preliminary analysis by the NIMH-Clinical Research Branch Collaborative Program on the Psychobiology of Depression the lifetime rate of affective illness among 1,090 interviewed relatives of depressed and manic probands was considerably lower in Iowa than in the other four centers. Among various affective disorder diagnoses, only primary unipolar depression was significantly less frequent in Iowa. This rate difference decreased with increasingly restrictive case definitions. Possible determinants of the low depression rate in Iowa will be investigated; the present data illustrate the importance of case definition in the interpretation of future findings.
The Good Prognosis and Positive Response to the Therapy of Patients with Two Unrelated Clones Del(5q) and Trisomy 8 Does Not Differ to That of the 5q- Syndrome. This Is in Contrast to the Bad Prognosis of Patients with the Same Chromosomal Aberrations in One Clone
Authors: Radana Neuwirtova, Zuzana Zemanova, Jana Brezinova, Pavel Dvorak, Ota Fuchs, Martin Vostry, Anna T Jonasova, Jaroslav Cermak, Dana Sponerova, Zuzana Maskova, Libor Cervinek, Vera Vozobulova, Eva Polonyova, Kyra Michalova
Journal: Blood (2014)
Diagnosing cancer early is vital, new figures show
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The survival of patients with specific types of cancer, especially lung and ovarian cancer, is substantially lower when diagnosed at a later stage than when diagnosed at an early stage, figures from the Office for National Statistics and Public Health England have shown.1

The bulletin, Cancer Survival by Stage at Diagnosis for England , includes the average one year survival rate of nine cancer types from 2012 to 2014. This is based on the number of people who die within one year of diagnosis: a figure of 100% denotes the same number of deaths as that of the general population, whereas a figure of 50% shows twice as many deaths as in the …
Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Davendra P.S. Sohal, Pamela B. Mangu, Alok A. Khorana, Manish A. Shah, Philip A. Philip, Eileen M. O’Reilly, Hope E. Uronis, Ramesh K. Ramanathan, Christopher H. Crane, Anitra Engebretson, Joseph T. Ruggiero, Mehmet S. Copur, Michelle Lau, Susan Urba, Daniel Laheru
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

To provide evidence-based recommendations to oncologists and others for the treatment of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.American Society of Clinical Oncology convened an Expert Panel of medical oncology, radiation oncology, surgical oncology, gastroenterology, palliative care, and advocacy experts to conduct a systematic review of the literature from April 2004 to June 2015. Outcomes were overall survival, disease-free survival, progression-free survival, and adverse events.Twenty-four randomized controlled trials met the systematic review criteria.A multiphase computed tomography scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis should be performed. Baseline performance status and comorbidity profile should be evaluated. Goals of care, patient preferences, treatment response, psychological status, support systems, and symptom burden should guide decisions for treatments. A palliative care referral should occur at first visit. FOLFIRINOX (leucovorin, fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin; favorable comorbidity profile) or gemcitabine plus nanoparticle albumin-bound (NAB) -paclitaxel (adequate comorbidity profile) should be offered to patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 0 to 1 based on patient preference and support system available. Gemcitabine alone is recommended for patients with ECOG PS 2 or with a comorbidity profile that precludes other regimens; the addition of capecitabine or erlotinib may be offered. Patients with an ECOG PS ≥ 3 and poorly controlled comorbid conditions should be offered cancer-directed therapy only on a case-by-case basis; supportive care should be emphasized. For second-line therapy, gemcitabine plus NAB-paclitaxel should be offered to patients with first-line treatment with FOLFIRINOX, an ECOG PS 0 to 1, and a favorable comorbidity profile; fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin, irinotecan, or nanoliposomal irinotecan should be offered to patients with first-line treatment with gemcitabine plus NAB-paclitaxel, ECOG PS 0 to 1, and favorable comorbidity profile, and gemcitabine or fluorouracil should be offered to patients with either an ECOG PS 2 or a comorbidity profile that precludes other regimens. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/guidelines/MetPC and www.asco.org/guidelineswiki.
Setting up an enhanced surveillance of newly acquired hepatitis C infection in men who have sex with men: a pilot in London and South East region of England
Authors: M Ruf, S Cohuet, H Maguire, L J Brant, M Ramsay, S Lattimore, V Delpech, Collective the SNAHC steering group
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

We describe the implementation of an enhanced surveillance pilot for newly acquired hepatitis C (HCV) in men who have sex with men (MSM) in London and the South East region of England. Preliminary findings suggest ongoing HCV transmission among MSM infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and that enhanced surveillance for newly acquired HCV in MSM is feasible.
Marrow Transplants From Unrelated Donors for Treatment of Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Jorge Sierra, Jerry Radich, John A. Hansen, Paul J. Martin, Effie W. Petersdorf, Jeanie Bjerke, Eileen Bryant, Richard A. Nash, Jean E. Sanders, Rainer Storb, Keith M. Sullivan, Frederick R. Appelbaum, Claudio Anasetti
Journal: Blood (1997)
THU0092 The Long-Lasting Benefits of Upper Extremity Surgery for Disabled Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: C. Okura, H. Ishikawa, A. Abe, T. Oyakawa, Y. Miyagawa, H. Otani, D. Kobayashi, S. Ito, K. Nakazono, Y. Yonemoto, K. Okamura, T. Suto, A. Murasawa, K. Takagiishi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has made significant advances in the last decade, because of the introduction of biologics and the development of "Treat to Target (T2T)" treatment modalities. However, while the ADL of such patients have improved and the level at which patients can use their upper limb functions has increased, there have been few reports of postoperative long-term results of upper extremity surgery in RA patients. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate a long-lasting effect of upper extremity surgery on patients with RA, a questionnaire survey was conducted. <h3>Methods</h3> A questionnaire was sent to 89 RA patients who underwent upper-extremity surgery between January 2002 and December 2003. It inquired about the present condition of the surgically treated site, the satisfaction level, and reasons why the patient was satisfied or not. Acceptable replies were obtained from 68 patients (76.4%, mean age at surgery 57.5), regarding 98 sites (shoulder: 1, elbow: 20, wrist: 46, thumb: 16, fingers: 15). The surgical procedures included total elbow arthroplasty in 13 patients, wrist synovectomy and a Darrach procedure in 35 patients, Radiolunate arthrodesis in 17 patients, Swanson implant arthroplasty at the metacarpophalangeal joint in 26 patients, and so on. <h3>Results</h3> The mean DAS28-ESR(4) at the time of surgery was 4.51, and it significantly decreased to 2.89 at present (P&lt;0.01). Grip power increased from 158mmHg to 180mmHg in the patients who received wrist surgeries (P=0.049). The modified health assessment questionnaire (mHAQ) showed an improvement trend compared with the time of surgery, but no significant reduction was observed. However, when we compared only the items that evaluated the upper extremity function (items 1, 3, 5, 7) among the items of mHAQ, then a significant decrease was observed in the postoperative level 0.64 in comparison to the preoperative level 0.86 (P=0.02). Regarding usefulness, 85.6% of the patients answered "better" than the preoperative condition. Regarding the satisfaction level, 85.5% answered "highly satisfied" or "satisfied". The level was relatively high regarding the wrist (88.9%) and the fingers (93.8%) compared to the elbow (77.8%) and the thumb (81.3%). The most frequent reason for being satisfied was "pain relief" at all sites. The reason for not being satisfied was a "decrease in power" in the elbow and the thumb, and a "decrease in motion" in the wrist. In the thumb and the fingers, an "improved appearance" was a frequent reason for being satisfied. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A long-lasting favorable effect was thus found in RA patients that underwent upper extremity surgery. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
The psychodynamics of prescribing in behavior therapy
Authors: R M Goisman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

The assignment of therapeutic tasks derived from learning theory to the patient by the therapist constitutes behavioral prescribing. After discussing some issues involved in comparing schools of psychotherapy and briefly examining some behavioral aspects of the psychotherapist-patient relationship, the author considers psychodynamic implications of a number of behavioral prescriptions, including homework, relaxation training, systematic desensitization, flooding, assertiveness training, sexual therapy, and self-control procedures. The author then examines possible meanings of behaviorally prescribed change itself, briefly discusses countertransference in behavior therapy, and advocates a multitheoretical perspective for psychotherapists.
Hepatobiliary scintigraphy showing acute complete common bile duct obstruction in a patient with acute hepatitis.
Authors: S N Yoon, B M Yoo, K H Hwang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine* and Gastroenterology,† Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea Received for publication March 1, 2000. Revision accepted June 13, 2000. Reprint requests: Seok Nam Yoon, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 442-749, Korea. E-mail : [email protected]
SAT0150 Optimising Treatment with TNF Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis with Different Dose Tapering Strategies: The Opttira Trial:
Authors: J.B. Galloway, G. Kingsley, M. Ma, B. Lorente-Canovas, A. Cope, F. Ibrahim, D.L. Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) involves inducing then maintaining responses. Currently both use identical TNFi dosing regimens. <h3>Objectives</h3> OPTTIRA, a pragmatic, multicentre, 12-month randomised controlled trial, evaluated if tapering TNFi doses causes loss of response. <h3>Methods</h3> We recruited RA patients receiving etanercept or adalimumab plus a DMARD with stable low disease activity (DAS28 less than 3.2 for over 3 months). We excluded patients with serious concomitant illness or taking high-dose steroids (more than 10mg prednisolone daily). Initially (months 0-6) patients were randomised to three groups: controls received constant TNFis; one experimental group tapered TNFis by 33% and the other by 66%. If tapering caused flares (increase in DAS28 more than or equal to 0.6 plus 1 or more swollen joints out of 66 joints) TNFis were restarted. Subsequently (months 6-12) controls tapered TNFis and experimental groups discontinued TNFis. The outcomes comprised flare rates and DAS28 scores after 6 months constant or tapered TNFis. <h3>Results</h3> 227 patients were screened at 20 UK centres, 103 were randomized, 97 were treated in months 0-6 and 74 in months 6-12. With <i>TNFis tapering:</i> flares occurred in 14% of controls, 13% patients tapered by one-third and 37% tapered by two-thirds. Flares were increased with two-thirds tapering with odds ratio 4.1; 95% (CI 1.3, 14.5) compared with one-third tapering. Post-tapering flares resolved when TNFis were restarted. There were no significant differences in HAQ with either tapering strategy (Table) at six months. Of 47 patients who tapered then stopped TNFis. 21/47 (45%) succeeded without flaring and their final mean DAS28 scores after stopping treatment were 2.2 (95% CI 1.6, 2.9). Evaluating harms showed one patient withdrew for TNFis-related toxicity (control) and four patients had serious adverse events (control 1; experimental 3); none were related to TNFis tapering. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Good responses to TNFi are maintained after TNFi doses are tapered by one-third. Tapering by two-thirds results in more flares, but these respond to restarting TNFis and did not adversely affect disability progression. Some patients maintain responses after stopping TNFis. Lowering TNFi maintenance doses retains responses at substantially reduced drug costs. Adopting this strategy should enhance biologic cost-effectiveness. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Adjuvant-dependent innate and adaptive immune signatures of risk of SIVmac251 acquisition
Authors: Monica Vaccari, Shari N Gordon, Slim Fourati, Luca Schifanella, Namal P M Liyanage, Mark Cameron, Brandon F Keele, Xiaoying Shen, Georgia D Tomaras, Erik Billings, Mangala Rao, Amy W Chung, Karen G Dowell, Chris Bailey-Kellogg, Eric P Brown, Margaret E Ackerman, Diego A Vargas-Inchaustegui, Stephen Whitney, Melvin N Doster, Nicolo Binello, Poonam Pegu, David C Montefiori, Kathryn Foulds, David S Quinn, Mitzi Donaldson, Frank Liang, Karin Loré, Mario Roederer, Richard A Koup, Adrian McDermott, Zhong-Min Ma, Christopher J Miller, Tran B Phan, Donald N Forthal, Matthew Blackburn, Francesca Caccuri, Massimiliano Bissa, Guido Ferrari, Vaniambadi Kalyanaraman, Maria G Ferrari, DeVon Thompson, Marjorie Robert-Guroff, Silvia Ratto-Kim, Jerome H Kim, Nelson L Michael, Sanjay Phogat, Susan W Barnett, Jim Tartaglia, David Venzon, Donald M Stablein, Galit Alter, Rafick-Pierre Sekaly, Genoveffa Franchini
Journal: Nature Medicine (2016)
Similar Fecal Microbiota Signatures in Patients With Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Patients With Depression
Authors: Yixuan Liu, Lu Zhang, Xiaoqi Wang, Zhe Wang, Jingjing Zhang, Ronghuan Jiang, Xiangqun Wang, Kun Wang, Zuojing Liu, Zhiwei Xia, Zhijie Xu, Yong Nie, Xianglin Lv, Xiaolei Wu, Huaiqiu Zhu, Liping Duan
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2016)
THE UBIQUITOUS CASE REPORT
Authors: W K MORGAN
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparative Efficacy of Ceritinib and Crizotinib as Initial ALK –Targeted Therapies in Previously Treated Advanced NSCLC: An Adjusted Comparison with External Controls
Authors: Daniel Shao-Weng Tan, António Araújo, Jie Zhang, James Signorovitch, Zheng-Yi Zhou, Xiaopeng Cai, Geoffrey Liu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)

Crizotinib and ceritinib have been developed to treat advanced or metastatic NSCLC by inhibiting anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase gene (ALK). No randomized trial has compared these treatments head-to-head. We compared efficacy outcomes between patients receiving ceritinib and an external control group receiving crizotinib, both as initial ALK-targeted therapies for previously treated advanced or metastatic ALK-positive NSCLC. Individual patient data for the ceritinib-treated patients were drawn from two single-arm trials (ASCEND-1 and ASCEND-3); published summary data for the crizotinib-treated patients were extracted from three trials (PROFILE 1001, PROFILE 1005, and PROFILE 1007). To adjust for cross-trial differences, average baseline characteristics were matched using propensity score weighting. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall response rate were then compared between treatment groups. Before matching, the ceritinib-treated patients (n = 189) were significantly different from the crizotinib-treated patients (n = 557) in the distribution of race and number of prior regimens. After matching, all available baseline characteristics were balanced. Compared with crizotinib, ceritinib was associated with longer OS (hazard ratio = 0.59, 95% confidence interval: 0.46-0.75) and longer PFS (median 13.8 versus 8.3 months, hazard ratio = 0.52, 95% confidence interval: 0.44-0.62) in Cox proportional hazards models. The 12-month OS was 82.6% with ceritinib and 66.0% with crizotinib in a Kaplan-Meier analysis (log-rank p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in overall response rate between ceritinib and crizotinib. In an adjusted comparison across separate clinical trials, ceritinib was associated with prolonged OS and PFS compared with crizotinib when used as initial ALK-targeted therapy for previously treated ALK-positive NSCLC.