tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Coverage Among Female Adolescents in Managed Care Plans — United States, 2013
Authors: Judy Ng, Faye Ye, Lindsey Roth, Katherine Sobel, Sepheen Byron, Mary Barton, Megan Lindley, Shannon Stokley
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection, with a reported 79 million persons aged 15–59 years in the United States currently infected with HPV, and approximately 14 million new cases diagnosed each year. Although most HPV infections are asymptomatic, transient, and do not cause disease, persistent HPV infection can lead to cervical, vulvar, vaginal, anal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancer. In the United States, approximately 27,000 HPV-attributable cancers occur each year. HPV vaccination is an effective primary prevention strategy that can reduce many of the HPV infections that lead to cancer, and is routinely recommended for adolescents aged 11–12 years. To determine whether the recommended HPV vaccination series is currently being administered to adolescents with health insurance, CDC and the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) assessed 2013 data from the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS). The HEDIS HPV Vaccine for Female Adolescents performance measure evaluates the proportion of female adolescent members in commercial and Medicaid health plans who receive the recommended 3-dose HPV vaccination series by age 13 years. In 2013, in the United States, the median HPV vaccination coverage levels for female adolescents among commercial and Medicaid plans were 12% and 19%, respectively (ranges = 0%–34% for commercial plans; 5%–52% for Medicaid plans). Improving HPV vaccination coverage and understanding of what health plans might do to support HPV vaccination are needed, including understanding the barriers to, and facilitators for, vaccination coverage.
Case 45-1970
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. McNeely, Arnold N. Weinberg, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

PRESENTATION OF CASEA 59-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital after a seizure.Eighteen years previously a diagnosis of epilepsy was made, and treatment with diphenylhydantoin was initiated. One year later symmetrical polyarthralgias developed; systemic lupus erythematosus was diagnosed, and adrenocorticosteroid treatment was begun. Thirteen years before admission she began to experience substernal tightness and choking, occasionally accompanied by a sensation of numbness that radiated to the left arm. Nine years before entry an electrocardiogram disclosed evidence of an anterior myocardial scar, and an x-ray film of the chest revealed an area of calcification at the apex of the . . .
A School-Based Intervention for Diabetes Risk Reduction
Authors: Eric S Bachman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

BACKGROUND-We examined the effects of a multicomponent, school-based program addressing risk factors for diabetes among children whose race or ethnic group and socioeconomic status placed them at high risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes.METHODS-Using a cluster design, we randomly assigned 42 schools to either a multicomponent school-based intervention (21 schools) or assessment only (control, 21 schools).A total of 4603 students participated (mean [±SD] age, 11.3±0.6 years; 54.2% Hispanic and 18.0% black; 52.7% girls).At the beginning of 6th grade and the end of 8th grade, students underwent measurements of body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and fasting glucose and insulin levels.RESULTS-There was a decrease in the primary outcome -the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity -in both the intervention and control schools, with no significant difference between the school groups.The intervention schools had greater reductions in the secondary outcomes of BMI z score, percentage of students with waist circumference at or above the 90th percentile, fasting insulin levels (P = 0.04 for all comparisons), and prevalence of obesity (P = 0.05).Similar findings were observed among students who were at or above the 85th percentile for BMI at baseline.Less than 3% of the students who were screened had an adverse event; the proportions were nearly equivalent in the intervention and control schools.CONCLUSIONS-Our comprehensive school-based program did not result in greater decreases in the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity than those that occurred in control schools.However, the intervention did result in significantly greater reductions in various indexes of adiposity.These changes may reduce the risk of childhood-onset type 2 diabetes.(Funded by the National Institutes of Health and the American Diabetes Association; ClinicalTrials.govnumber, NCT00458029.)Recent data indicate that 16% of children 6 to 19 years of age in the United States are overweight, and 19% are obese. 1Rates are even higher in economically disadvantaged ethnic minority groups. 2Of all the consequences of childhood obesity, 3-5 the most serious is the development of type 2 diabetes.Children in whom type 2 diabetes develops are at risk for complications from the disease, including retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular and renal disease, that can be manifested when they are adults, if not earlier.Schools present opportunities for reducing the risk of diabetes, since no other institution has as much contact time with children. 6Moreover, schools can implement environmental changes that affect available foods, physical education, class curricula, and the acceptability of healthy behaviors.Although some school-based interventions have had effects on overweight or obesity, 7-9 most, particularly those involving large cohorts, 10,11 have not. 12However,
Increase in deaths from antibiotic resistant infections may limit rising longevity, report warns
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Around 50 000 deaths a year in Europe and the United States are due to antibiotic resistant infections, warns a report on antimicrobial resistance that predicts that the problem may outweigh increases in longevity over the next decade.1

The Longevity Bulletin on Antimicrobial Resistance , published by the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries, analysed the impact of current trends in antibiotic resistance on life expectancy in the United Kingdom and in other Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development …
Reply to Filippo Alongi, Rosario Mazzola, Sergio Fersino's Letter to the Editor re: Patrick C. Walsh, Nathan Lawrentschuk. Immediate Adjuvant Radiation Therapy Following Radical Prostatectomy Should Not Be Advised for Men with Extraprostatic Extension Who Have Negative Surgical Margins. Eur Urol 2016;69:191–2
Authors: Nathan Lawrentschuk, Patrick C. Walsh
Journal: European Urology (2016)
Curable neoplasms and the ethics of clinical trials.
Authors: L H Einhorn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1993.11.4.593 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 8478655 Curable neoplasms and the ethics of clinical trials. L H EinhornxL H EinhornSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1993.11.4.593 First Page PDF © 1993 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
The course of psychosis in early phases of schizophrenia
Authors: M Harrow, B J Carone, J F Westermeyer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

To study the course of psychosis in early schizophrenia, the authors assessed 111 patients at hospitalization and at one or two follow-ups. The course of psychosis was analyzed separately for broad (DSM-II) and narrow (DSM-III) concepts of schizophrenia. The patients diagnosed with DSM-II improved in psychosis between the first and second follow-ups. Those also diagnosed with DSM-III showed more persistent psychosis; 40% were psychotic at both follow-ups. A subgroup of patients showed improvement in psychosis even after several years of sustained symptoms. The authors discuss the implications of the data for views about the persistence of psychotic symptoms.
No Evidence for the Benefit of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist in Preserving Ovarian Function and Fertility in Lymphoma Survivors Treated With Chemotherapy: Final Long-Term Report of a Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Isabelle Demeestere, Pauline Brice, Fedro A. Peccatori, Alain Kentos, Jehan Dupuis, Pierre Zachee, Olivier Casasnovas, Eric Van Den Neste, Julie Dechene, Viviane De Maertelaer, Dominique Bron, Yvon Englert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

Purpose We have reported previously that after 1-year follow up, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) did not prevent chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure (POF) in patients with lymphoma, but may provide protection of the ovarian reserve. Here, we report the final analysis of the cohort after 5 years of follow up. Patients and Methods A total of 129 patients with lymphoma were randomly assigned to receive either triptorelin plus norethisterone (GnRHa group) or norethisterone alone (control group) during chemotherapy. Ovarian function and fertility were reported after 2, 3, 4, and 5 to 7 years of follow up. The primary end point was POF, defined as at least one follicle-stimulating hormone value of &gt; 40 IU/L after 2 years of follow up. Results Sixty-seven patients 26.21 ± 0.64 years of age had available data after a median follow-up time of 5.33 years in the GnRHa group and 5.58 years in the control group (P = .452). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significantly increased risk of POF in patients according to age (P = .047), the conditioning regimen for hematopoietic stem cell transplant (P = .002), and the cumulative dose of cyclophosphamide &gt; 5 g/m 2 (P = .019), but not to the coadministration of GnRHa during chemotherapy (odds ratio, 0.702; P = .651). The ovarian reserve, evaluated using anti-Müllerian hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, was similar in both groups. Fifty-three percent and 43% achieved pregnancy in the GnRHa and control groups, respectively (P = .467). Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first long-term analysis confirming that GnRHa is not efficient in preventing chemotherapy-induced POF in young patients with lymphoma and did not influence future pregnancy rate. These results reopen the debate about the drug’s benefit in that it should not be recommended as standard for fertility preservation in patients with lymphoma.
Soundings: Fancy drugs for worried folks
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1999)

When Mrs Boronowski, aged 67, went to Dr Jingle for her nervous indigestion and multiple allergies, she left his office with a bunch of prescriptions. She was given omeprazole ($4 (£2.50) a tablet), even though belladonna or a bottle of amphojel would have done as well. To calm her shattered nerves she received buspirone ($1.30 a tablet), because diazepam is too common to be effective. For her allergies Dr Jingle prescribed loratidine ($2.20 a tablet), because chlorpheniramine at two cents would have made her too sleepy to tolerate her tranquilliser; and he also gave her the newest hypnotic, zolpidem ($1.70 a tablet). She also takes atorvostatin ($3.60 a tablet), because dieting is so difficult, a multivitamin B tablet, yeast, ascorbic acid, vitamin E, and, for her systolic hypertension, losartan ($1.30 a tablet).

When Mrs Boronowski returned home she looked at the pharmacist’s bill. She sent it to her insurance company and immediately felt better.

In future, if President Clinton has his way she will send her bill to Medicare, for being over 65 she is entitled to such coverage. At present one third of Medicare recipients are reported to have no drug coverage. Mr Clinton would like to remedy this by providing full coverage for everybody. This will probably become an election issue and a political football. The pharmacy industry fears that price controls will follow and argues that they will kill the golden research goose that has revolutionised modern therapeutics. Mrs Boronowski’s bill may drop by 20%, but Dr Jingle will continue to prescribe the newest and dearest drugs.

Meanwhile, down at the petrol station, Mr Suggs, who pumps gas for small wages, has a painful duodenal ulcer relieved only by omeprazole ($4 a tablet), which he has to buy himself because he has no insurance. His neighbour has had a kidney transplant and cannot afford to buy his antirejection drugs. But another neighbour has a “nervous condition” and a limp, takes cocaine, gets a bagful of free medicine from Medicaid (public aid) each month, and watches soap operas most of the day.

I do not know offhand if there ever was an ancient goddess of reason. But if there was she assuredly remains perched high on Mount Olympus and has not yet descended among the mortals.
Adoptively transferred anti-CD3-activated T cells for human tumor immunotherapy.
Authors: J E Gold
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1993.11.9.1836 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 8355052 Adoptively transferred anti-CD3-activated T cells for human tumor immunotherapy. J E GoldxJ E GoldSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1993.11.9.1836 PDF "Adoptively transferred anti-CD3-activated T cells for human tumor immunotherapy.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 11(9), pp. 1836–1837© 1993 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Decrease in L-Type Pyruvate Kinase Activity in Rat Liver by Some Promoters of Hepatocarcinogenesis&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: S Yanagi, M Sakamoto, Y Ninomiya, T Kamiya
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

A probably promoter-specific decrease of L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) in Wistar rat liver is described. The possibility of utilizing the decrease in L-PK activity for screening of hepatic promoters is discussed. A significantly decreased level of activity of L-PK was observed during continuous feedings of the hepatocarcinogen 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene [(3'-MeDAB) CAS: 55-80-1], which initiates and promotes hepatocarcinogenesis, and of the known hepatic promoters phenobarbital [(PB) CAS: 50-06-6] and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (CAS: 50-29-3) for at least 4 weeks. In contrast, if it occurred, the decrease in L-PK activity by the nonpromoting agents amobarbital (CAS: 57-43-2) and diphenylhydantoin. (CAS: 57-41-0) was temporary and almost overcome by the 4th week. The depression of L-PK activity caused by PB was reversible, was inversely correlated with PB concentration in the diet, and seemed to be organ-specific. Although hepatic promoters lowered L-PK activity in this study, data are so limited that a much more extensive study is necessary before a general conclusion can be drawn. In contrast to L-PK activity, the activity of K-type pyruvate kinase (K-PK) was induced by injections of the carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (CAS: 55-18-5) or the hepatotoxin CCl4 (CAS: 56-23-5) or by the feeding of 3'-MeDAB. However, feeding of PB or 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (CAS: 54-88-6), which initiates but does not promote hepatocarcinogenesis, did not increase K-PK activity.
Abstract 49: Genomic analysis and simulation for understanding heterogenous cancer evolution
Authors: Atsushi Niida, Ryutaro Uchi, Yusuke Takahashi, Koshi Mimori, Satoru Miyano
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Cancer results from accumulation of mutations in the genome and evolutionary selection for growth advantage. In the evolutionary process, it is assumed that multiple clones appear, and this phenomenon called intratumor heterogeneity could cause therapeutic failures by fostering evolutionary adaptation. To study intratumor heterogeneity in colorectal cancer, we performed whole exome sequencing of samples from multiple regions within a single tumor. our genomic analysis revealed high intratumor heterogeneity; however, principles underlying it remained unclear. To explore the principles , we built a cellular automaton model, termed the BEP model, which can reproduce the branching cancer evolution in silico. We then extensively searched for conditions leading to high intratumor heterogeneity as observed in the experimental data, by performing simulations with various parameter settings on a supercomputer. The simulation result suggests that a high mutation rate leads to high intratumor heterogeneity, which is generated by neutral evolution. Collectively, this study provides provide novel insights into heterogenous cancer evolution. Citation Format: Atsushi Niida, Ryutaro Uchi, Yusuke Takahashi, Koshi Mimori, Satoru Miyano. Genomic analysis and simulation for understanding heterogenous cancer evolution. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Integrating Clinical Genomics and Cancer Therapy; Jun 13-16, 2015; Salt Lake City, UT. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(1_Suppl):Abstract nr 49.
Morphopathology of Takayasu's Disease
Authors: J G SANCHEZ-LUCAS, A MORAGAS-REDECILLA
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract B10: Cyclin D1 restrains oncogene-induced autophagy via phosphorylation of LKB1
Authors: Mathew Casimiro, Gabriele Di Sante, Emanuele Loro, Timothy Pestell, Sara Bisetto, Marco Velasco-Velázquez, Xuanmao Jiao, Zhiping Li, Chenguang Wang, Daniel Ly, Bin Zheng, Shen Che-Hung, Adam Ertel, Richard G. Pestell
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Cyclin D1 is an important molecular driver of many human cancers. The cyclin D1 gene is amplified or overexpressed in up to half of human breast cancers and mammary-targeted overexpression of cyclin D1 is sufficient to induce mammary tumorigenesis in mice. Cyclin D1 encodes the regulatory subunit of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) holoenzyme that phosphorylates several substrates including the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) to advance the G1S cell cycle checkpoint and promote DNA synthesis. Recent studies have implicated cell cycle regulators that govern G1S transition, in regulating cellular metabolism. Cyclin D1 phosphorylates and inactivates a nuclear encoded protein essential for mitochondrial biogenesis, Nrf1. In this manner cyclin D1 coordinates both nuclear and mitochondrial functions. Consistent with cyclin D1-dependent inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis, pRB promotes and E2F-1 inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition to inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis, cyclin D1 inhibits mitochondrial membrane potential, which may be in part due to binding VDAC. Autophagy is a catabolic pathway activated in response to cellular stress such as oxidative or nutritional stress. It mitigates cellular damage via removal of insoluble and damaged proteins, lipids and organelles. Autophagy is enhanced by the phosphorylated and activated form of 5’-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We initiated the following study to directly test the effect of cyclin D1 has on cellular metabolism and autophagy. Herein, endogenous cyclin D1 restrained autophagy in breast cancer cells in tissue culture and in the mammary gland of mice. Using mammary epithelial-targeted deletion of cyclin D1 we show cyclin D1 restrains autophagy by reducing AMPK activation. Cyclin D1 may serve to couple cellular proliferation to cellular energy homeostasis. Citation Format: Mathew Casimiro, Gabriele Di Sante, Emanuele Loro, Timothy Pestell, Sara Bisetto, Marco Velasco-Velázquez, Xuanmao Jiao, Zhiping Li, Chenguang Wang, Daniel Ly, Bin Zheng, Shen Che-Hung, Adam Ertel, Richard G. Pestell. Cyclin D1 restrains oncogene-induced autophagy via phosphorylation of LKB1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2015 Oct 23-26; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B10.
Persistent Organic Pollutants and the Association with Maternal and Infant Thyroid Homeostasis: A Multipollutant Assessment
Authors: Vivian Berg, Therese Haugdahl Nøst, Rolf Dagfinn Pettersen, Solrunn Hansen, Anna-Sofia Veyhe, Rolf Jorde, Jon Øyvind Odland, Torkjel Manning Sandanger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Background:Disruption of thyroid homeostasis has been indicated in human studies targeting effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Influence on the maternal thyroid system by POPs is of special interest during pregnancy because such effects could impair infant thyroid homeostasis.Objectives:We investigated the association between POPs and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones (THs) in mother and child pairs from the Northern Norway Mother-and-Child Contaminant Cohort Study (MISA).Methods:Nineteen POPs and 10 thyroid parameters were analyzed in serum from 391 pregnant women in their second trimester. In addition, TSH concentrations in heel-prick samples from the infants were analyzed by the Norwegian Newborn Screening program. Association studies with a multipollutant approach were performed using multivariate analyses; partial least squares (PLS) regression, hierarchical clustering, and principal component analysis (PCA).Results:Several POPs were significantly associated with TSH and THs: a) PFOS was positively associated with TSH; b) PCBs, HCB, and nonachlors were inversely associated with T3, T4, and FT4; and, c) PFDA and PFUnDA were inversely associated with T3 and FT3. After mutual adjustments for the other contaminants, only PFDA and PFUnDA remained significantly associated with T3 and FT3, respectively. Infants born to mothers within the highest TSH quartile had 10% higher mean concentrations of TSH compared with children born to mothers in the lowest TSH quartile.Conclusion:The present results suggest that background exposures to POPs can alter maternal thyroid homeostasis. This research contributes to the understanding of multipollutant exposures using multivariate statistical approaches and highlights the complexity of investigating environmental concentrations and mixtures in regard to maternal and infant thyroid function.Citation:Berg V, Nøst TH, Pettersen RD, Hansen S, Veyhe AS, Jorde R, Odland JØ, Sandanger TM. 2017. Persistent organic pollutants and the association with maternal and infant thyroid homeostasis: a multipollutant assessment. Environ Health Perspect 125:127–133; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP152