tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Nutritional Status and 5-Fluorouracil on Protein Synthesis in Parenterally Alimented LEW/Mai Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T P Stein, W C Hargrove, E E Miller, H W Wallace, G P Buzby, J L Mullen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

LEW/Mal rats bearing transplantable adenocarcinomas were maintained parenterally for 4 days on 1) a regimen adequate in amino acids and glucose and 2) severely hypocaloric glucose. Rats from both groups were given 17.5 mg 5-fluorouracil (FUra)/kg/day as a continuous infusion for 3 days. Cumulative nitrogen balance, fractional tissue protein synthesis rates, and liver and muscle distribution of FUra and its metabolites were determined. Results were compared to those found with a series of control rats that were not treated with FUra. No changes attributable to FUra were found in the starved rats (1.25 g glucose/day). In the fed rats (15 g glucose plus 2.5 g amino acids/day), FUra decreased the liver and diaphragm fractional protein synthesis rates and the nitrogen retention.
Xbp1s-Negative Tumor B Cells and Pre-Plasmablasts Mediate Therapeutic Proteasome Inhibitor Resistance in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Chungyee Leung-Hagesteijn, Natalie Erdmann, Grace Cheung, Jonathan J. Keats, A. Keith Stewart, Donna E. Reece, Kim Chan Chung, Rodger E. Tiedemann
Journal: Cancer Cell (2015)
Sera of Patients With Cancer or Cirrhosis and of Newborns Exhibiting Inhibitory Effects on the Metabolism of Cortisol by Lymphocytes&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A Klein, S M Archer, A Malkin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

The effect was examined of ethanol extracts of normal sera (NS), cancer patients' sera (CPS), cirrhosis patients' sera (CirPS), and umbilical cord sera (UCS) on cortisol metabolism by lymphocytes (CML). All the ethanol extracts of these sera showed an inhibitory effect on CML. The most significant inhibition was obtained with CPS and CirPS followed by UCS. A significant inhibition of NS was obtained after doubling their equivalent volume.
Biliary atresia and other cholestatic childhood diseases: Advances and future challenges
Authors: Henkjan J. Verkade, Jorge A. Bezerra, Mark Davenport, Richard A. Schreiber, Georgina Mieli-Vergani, Jan B. Hulscher, Ronald J. Sokol, Deirdre A. Kelly, Benno Ure, Peter F. Whitington, Marianne Samyn, Claus Petersen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
Addressing the Appropriateness of Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing in the United States
Authors: Pranita D. Tamma, Sara E. Cosgrove
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Case for a Revised Definition of Myocardial Infarction—Resolving the Ambiguity of Type 2 Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Peter Nagele
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2016)

Myocardial infarction (MI) is presently defined by an international consensus document, the Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. 1 The document provides comprehensive and thoughtful guidance on clinical classification, biomarker and electrocardiogram detection, imaging techniques, and many other relevant topics related to MI.Unfortunately, by following these guidelines, clinicians may classify some cases as MIs that are ambiguous and also inconsistent with the medical term infarction.Classification is often vague when secondary, noncoronary events trigger myocardial ischemia via supply-and-demand mismatch.][5][6] The classic presentation of MI-appropriately referred to as heart attack-is sudden and severe chest pain caused by acute thrombotic occlusion of a coronary artery or one of its branches.The decrease in coronary blood flow leads to myocardial ischemia and, if not treated promptly, myocardial necrosis.The Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction defines this event as type 1 MI.In this narrow sense, the use of the term MI is consistent with the underlying pathophysiological concept of tissue ischemia and necrosis caused by obstructed blood supply, which is exactly how the diagnosis of infarction is made in other organ systems.The central point at issue is the fact that the Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction defines MI broadly as "myocardial cell death due to prolonged ischemia" and recommends that "the term acute MI should be used when there is evidence of myocardial necrosis in a clinical setting consistent with acute myocardial ischemia." 1 Absent from this definition of MI is a criterion related to (acute) coronary artery occlusion.This broader definition of MI allows cases to be classified as MI that would be classified as "injury" or "damage" in other organ systems.To better understand the use of the medical term infarction, it is helpful to look beyond the heart and see how infarction is used in organ systems.In the kidney, renal infarction is defined as an occlusion of the main re-
Significant Impact Of Iron Chelation After Allogeneic Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation On Disease Recurrence: Potential Anti-Leukemic Activity
Authors: Mauricette Michallet, Mohamad Sobh, Stephane Morisset, Helene Labussiere, Marie Y. Detrait, Sophie Ducastelle, Fiorenza Barraco, Lila Gilis, Richard Cohen, Xavier Thomas, Franck E. Nicolini, Colette Chapuis-Cellier
Journal: Blood (2013)
Consensus for Radiotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma from The 5th Asia-Pacific Primary Liver Cancer Expert Meeting (APPLE 2014): Current Practice and Future Clinical Trials
Authors: Hee Chul Park, Jeong Il Yu, Jason Chia-Hsien Cheng, Zhao Chong Zeng, Ji Hong Hong, Michael Lian Chek Wang, Mi Sook Kim, Kwan Hwa Chi, Po-Ching Liang, Rheun-Chuan Lee, Wan-Yee Lau, Kwang Hyub Han, Pierce Kah-Hoe Chow, Jinsil Seong
Journal: Liver Cancer (2016)

A consensus meeting to develop practice guidelines and to recommend future clinical trials for radiation therapy (RT), including external beam RT (EBRT), and selective internal RT (SIRT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was held at the 5th annual meeting of the Asia-Pacific Primary Liver Cancer Expert consortium. Although there is no randomized phase III trial evidence, the efficacy and safety of RT in HCC has been shown by prospective and retrospective studies using modern RT techniques. Based on these results, the committee came to a consensus on the utility and efficacy of RT in the management of HCC according to each disease stage as follows: in early and intermediate stage HCC, if standard treatment is not compatible, RT, including EBRT and SIRT can be considered. In locally advanced stage HCC, combined EBRT with transarterial chemoembolization or hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, and SIRT can be considered. In terminal stage HCC, EBRT can be considered for palliation of symptoms and reduction of morbidity caused by the primary tumor or its metastases. Despite the currently reported benefits of RT in HCC, the committee agreed that there is a compelling need for large prospective studies, including randomized phase III trial evidence evaluating the role of RT. Specifically studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of sequential combination of EBRT and SIRT are strongly recommended.
The Resuscitative Power of a Telephone Call
Authors: James T. Niemann, Roger J. Lewis
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2016)

Bentley J. Bobrow, MD; Daniel W. Spaite, MD; Tyler F. Vadeboncoeur, MD; Chengcheng Hu, PhD; Terry Mullins, MBA; Wayne Tormala, MSW; Christian Dameff, MD; John Gallagher, MD; Gary Smith, MD; Micah Panczyk, MS
Genomics of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Roger N. Rosenberg, Doris Lambracht-Washington, Gang Yu, Weiming Xia
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

To provide a comprehensive review of knowledge of the genomics of Alzheimer disease (AD) and DNA amyloid β 42 (Aβ42) vaccination as a potential therapy.Genotype-phenotype correlations of AD are presented to provide a comprehensive appreciation of the spectrum of disease causation. Alzheimer disease is caused in part by the overproduction and lack of clearance of Aβ protein. Oligomer Aβ, the most toxic species of Aβ, causes direct injury to neurons, accompanied by enhanced neuroinflammation, astrocytosis and gliosis, and eventually neuronal loss. The strongest genetic evidence supporting this hypothesis derives from mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene. A detrimental APP mutation at the β-secretase cleavage site linked to early-onset AD found in a Swedish pedigree enhances Aβ production, in contrast to a beneficial mutation 2 residues away in APP that reduces Aβ production and protects against the onset of sporadic AD. A number of common variants associated with late-onset AD have been identified including apolipoprotein E, BIN1, ABC7, PICALM, MS4A4E/MS4A6A, CD2Ap, CD33, EPHA1, CLU, CR1, and SORL1. One or 2 copies of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele are a major risk factor for late-onset AD. With DNA Aβ42 vaccination, a Th2-type noninflammatory immune response was achieved with a downregulation of Aβ42-specific effector (Th1, Th17, and Th2) cell responses at later immunization times. DNA Aβ42 vaccination upregulated T regulator cells (CD4+, CD25+, and FoxP3+) and its cytokine interleukin 10, resulting in downregulation of T effectors.Mutations in APP and PS-1 and PS-2 genes that are associated with early-onset, autosomal, dominantly inherited AD, in addition to the at-risk gene polymorphisms responsible for late-onset AD, all indicate a direct and early role of Aβ in the pathogenesis of AD. A translational result of genomic research has been Aβ-reducing therapies including DNA Aβ42 vaccination as a promising approach to delay or prevent this disease.
Does risperidone improve verbal working memory in treatment-resistant schizophrenia?
Authors: M F Green, B D Marshall, W C Wirshing, D Ames, S R Marder, S McGurk, R S Kern, J Mintz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

Treatment efficacy in schizophrenia is typically defined in terms of symptom reduction. However, new antipsychotic medications could potentially have an impact on aspects of disability, such as neurocognitive deficits. The authors evaluated the effects of risperidone on verbal working memory, a memory component of theoretical interest because of its link to prefrontal activity and of practical interest because of its link to psychosocial rehabilitation.Verbal working memory of 59 treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients was assessed as part of a randomized, double-blind comparison of treatment with risperidone and haloperidol. Verbal working memory was measured under both distracting and nondistracting conditions at baseline and after 4 weeks of both fixed- and flexible-dose pharmacotherapy.Risperidone treatment had a greater beneficial effect on verbal working memory than haloperidol treatment across testing conditions (with and without distraction) and study phases (fixed and flexible dose). The treatment effect remained significant after the effects of benztropine cotreatment, change in psychotic symptoms, and change in negative symptoms were controlled. Neither benztropine status nor symptom changes were significantly related to memory performance.Treatment with risperidone appears to exert a more favorable effect on verbal working memory than treatment with a conventional neuroleptic. The beneficial effect appears to be due, at least partially, to a direct effect of the drug, possibly through antagonism of the 5-HT2A receptor. Results from this study suggest that pharmacotherapeutic efficacy in schizophrenia treatment could be broadened to include impact on neurocognitive abilities.
A Specific Mechanism By Which NPM1 mutations Impede Myeloid Differentiation Also Explains The Link With DNMT3A Mutation
Authors: Xiaorong Gu, Reda Z Mahfouz, Francis Enane, Zhenbo Hu, Michael J. Clemente, Bartlomiej P Przychodzen, Mikkael A. Sekeres, Anjali S. Advani, Matt Kalaycio, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski, Yogen Saunthararajah
Journal: Blood (2013)
Enterocytes Of Patients With Uncontrolled Acute Graft Versus Host Disease Of The Gut Undergo Massive Telomere Shortening Compared To Unaffected Controls
Authors: Sebastian Hummel, Daniel Heudobler, Elisabeth Huber, Monica S Ventura Ferreira, Dirk Fahrenkamp, Karin Schmid, Felix Gremse, Gerhard Müller-Newen, Patrick Ziegler, Edgar Jost, Tim H. Brümmendorf, Ernst Holler, Fabian Beier
Journal: Blood (2013)
How to Improve Therapeutic Ratio in Radiotherapy of HCC
Authors: Chiao-Ling Tsai, Feng-Ming Hsu, Jason Chia-Hsien Cheng
Journal: Liver Cancer (2016)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;During the past two decades, external-beam radiation technology has substantially changed from traditional two-dimensional to conformal three-dimensional to intensity-modulated planning and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Summary: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Modern techniques of radiotherapy (RT) are highly focused and capable of delivering an ablative dose to targeted hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors. SBRT is an option for selected patients with limited tumor volume and non-eligibility for other invasive treatments. Moreover, RT combined with a radiation sensitizer (RS) to increase the therapeutic ratio has shown promising results in select studies, prompting further investigation of this combination. With the undetermined role of RT in treatment guidelines and variation in patterns of treatment failure after RT in patient with HCC, useful biomarkers to guide RT decision-making and selection of patients are needed and emerging. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Key Message: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;The objective of this review is to summarize the current RS with SBRT schemes and biomarkers for patient selection used to maximize the effect of RT on HCC.
Bioreducible branched poly(modified nona-arginine) cell-penetrating peptide as a novel gene delivery platform
Authors: Jisang Yoo, DaeYong Lee, Vipul Gujrati, N. Sanoj Rejinold, Kamali Manickavasagam Lekshmi, Saji Uthaman, Chanuk Jeong, In-Kyu Park, Sangyong Jon, Yeu-Chun Kim
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2016)
US is to regulate all tobacco products, including e-cigarettes and hookah tobacco
Authors: Michael McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is extending its authority to regulate all tobacco products, including electronic cigarettes, cigars, hookah tobacco, and pipe tobacco, the agency announced on 4 May.

In a news conference the health and human services secretary, Sylvia Burwell, said that the new regulations were needed to “catch up” with changes in the marketplace.1 She said, “We have more to do to help protect Americans from the dangers of tobacco and nicotine, especially our youth. As cigarette smoking among those under 18 has fallen, the use of other …
Changes in the Blood Pressure and Plasma Proteins during Serum Anaphylactic Shock
Authors: Kazuo Yamamoto
Journal: Circulation (1961)

Purpose Recently there is an increasing incidence of penicillin shock. In this department a systematic research has been conducted for the last several years on the problem of the shock on the basis of a hypothesis that a shock due to penicillin must be something analogus to a serum anaphylactic shock encountered in animals. The problem assigned to this author in this systematic research was about the change in the blood circulation and plasma proteins during a serum anaphylactic shock in animals. Method s Materials used were about 50 dogs weighting 10-20kg. For the sensitization they were injected with horse serum in dose of 0.2 cc/kg subcutaneously on every other day, this injection alternating with the intravenous injection of horse serum in dose of 1.0cc/kg on every other day, and for the total period of 10 consecutive days. After the completion of the sensitization, 3 weeks were allowed, and, after this latent period, animals were thrown into anaphylactic shock by the rapid intravenous injection of the horse serum in dose of 2.5-5 cc/kg. The femoral arterial blood pressure was transmitted through a vinyl tubing to a mercury manometer and recorded on kymographion. Plasma proteins concentration was measured by a refracto- meter of Hitachi type and the protein fraction pattern was examined by the paper-electro-phoresis. Where the anti-shock agents were used, animals were treated as follows : in the chlorpromazine group, they were injected with chlorpromazine in dose of 2 mg/kg intramuscularly 40 minutes before the provocation of a shock ; in adrenalin group, animals were injected with adrenalin in dose of 2-3mg together with the physiological saline solution by the drip infusion after a shock has been provoked ; in the prednisone group this drug was injected intramuscularly in dose of 3mg/ kg in 3 divided doses, i.e., 24 hours, 8 hours, and immediately before the provocation of shock.
Efficacy and tolerability of single agent sorafenib in poor risk advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: T. Yau, P. Chan, K. Ng, K. Chok, S. T. Fan, R. Poon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

15513 Background: Single agent sorafenib has recently been shown to prolong the overall survival of patients with advanced heptocellular carcinoma (HCC) and Child A cirrhosis. Its effect on patients with poor risk Child A cirrhosis or Child B/C cirrhosis is unknown. We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of single agent sorafenib in Child A patients with poor risk factors or with Child B or C cirrhosis. Patients and Methods: Between November, 2006 and December, 2007, patients received single agent sorafenib for the treatment of advanced HCC in our pilot study were analysed. Response to sorafenib was evaluated by both alpha-fetal protein and imaging findings. Toxicities were graded using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity System. Results: At the time of analysis, fifty-eight patients were enrolled in the study. The median age was 57 (ranged 29–81) and majority of patients were male. Thirty (67%) patients had underlying Child A cirrhosis with 15(50%) patients had extensive portal vein thrombosis. Fifteen patients belonged to Child B/C cirrhosis. Thirteen patients discontinued treatment prematurely due to treatment toxicities. In the remaining 45 patients, there were 4(9%) partial response and 5 (11%) stable disease. The overall response rate was 20%. The commonest treatment toxicities were grade 1/2 liver function derangement (50%), grade1/2 diarrhea (27%) and grade 1/2 hand-foot skin reaction. Grade 3/4 toxicities were reported in 34% of patients. Conclusion: Single agent sorafenib demonstrates modest activity but with considerable toxicities in poor risk advanced HCC patients. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Bayer Schering, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis Bayer Schering, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Roche
Analysis of long-term results after liver surgery for metastases from colorectal and non-colorectal tumors: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Amilcare Parisi, Stefano Trastulli, Francesco Ricci, Rossana Regina, Roberto Cirocchi, Veronica Grassi, Alessandro Gemini, Daniele Pironi, Vito D'Andrea, Alberto Santoro, Jacopo Desiderio
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2016)
Confidence intervals for the number needed to treat
Authors: C. Cates, R. G Newcombe
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editor—The number needed to treat has become a popular summary statistic for the results of randomised controlled trials because it combines the treatment effect with the background level of risk in the population studied. Patients in a single trial are randomised for both of these factors, and a confidence interval can be calculated which estimates the statistical uncertainty of the number needed to treat in this particular population.1

Problems arise when comparisons are made between numbers needed to treat from different randomised trials, or when the numbers needed to treat from several trials are combined in a meta-analysis. Often the background level of risk varies between trials in a non-random fashion, depending on the entry criteria in each trial. If the relative benefit of the treatment is constant across these background levels of risk then the number needed to treat in each trial will decrease as the severity of the condition of patients included in the trial rises.

Pooling numbers needed to treat may not give a reliable answer in these circumstances, as the entry criteria of each trial will confound the treatment effect. The meaning of a confidence interval around a pooled number needed to treat poses difficulties when the background level of risk among trials varies widely. I would therefore support Egger et al’s suggestion that the pooled results of meta-analyses are reported in terms of a summary statistic which describes the relative benefit of a treatment (such as relative risk).2 If the pooled relative risk is reported with its confidence interval both can be applied to any chosen control group event rate.

In figure 3 in Altman’s paper the pooled relative risk is 0.62 (95% confidence interval 0.52 to 0.74). When the background rate of angina in the group given percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is 28% (such as found in the German angioplasty bypass surgery investigation (GABI), which included patients with more severe angina) the number needed to treat for coronary artery bypass grafting would be 8.67 (6.87 to 12.67). If the background rate of angina in the percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty group is lower (such as the 16% found in the coronary angioplasty versus bypass revascularisation investigation (CABRI)) then the number needed to treat would be 16.85 (13.34 to 24.63).

Finally, I would suggest that numbers needed to treat are always accompanied by the control group event rate to which they apply and the relative risk and confidence interval from which they are derived.
Monitoring Molecular Response to Tyrosine Kinase Therapy in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Jerald P. Radich
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2014)

The dramatic decline in mortality rates in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a direct result of the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and the dawning of the targeted era. Although many patients experience long-term benefits from imatinib or related agents, problems with resistance and tolerance dampen the outcomes for many others. During his presentation at the NCCN 19th Annual Conference, Dr. Jerald Radich reviewed the ever-expanding menu of TKIs for CML and shared his thoughts on resolving the clinical questions regarding when to start which drugs, how to sequence the drugs, and how best to decide when to change the therapeutic tack.