tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ANGI-16IN VIVO AND IN VITRO STUDIES SHOW THAT BRAIN DERIVED ENDOTHELIAL CELLS STIMULATE MIGRATION OF HUMAN, MOUSE AND RAT GLIOMA CELLS
Authors: Viveka Nand Yadav, Gregory J. Baker, Daniel A. Orringer, Jason A. Heth, Shawn Hervey-Jumper, Oren Sagher, Maria G. Castro, Pedro R. Lowenstein
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

ANGI-16. IN VIVO AND IN VITRO STUDIES SHOW THAT BRAIN DERIVED ENDOTHELIAL CELLS STIMULATE MIGRATION OF HUMAN, MOUSE AND RAT GLIOMA CELLS Viveka Nand Yadav1,2, Gregory J. Baker1,2, Daniel A. Orringer1, Jason A. Heth1, Shawn Hervey-Jumper1, Oren Sagher1, Maria G. Castro1,2, and Pedro R. Lowenstein1,2; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal of human brain tumors. Glioma cells invade the brain by active migration along blood vessels, white matter tracts, interstitially, or surrounding the meninges. Molecular determinants of glioma migration patterns, i.e., those that attract glioma cells to blood vessels remain partially understood. We observed that several mouse and human glioma cells migrate primarily along the blood vasculature. Here, we tested the ability of human and mouse brain-derived endothelial (MBVE) cells to stimulate the migration of human, mouse and rat-derived glioma cell lines in an in vitro migration assay. Among different primary human glioma cell lines, HF2303 and MSP-12 cells showed significant directional migration while MGG8, IN859, IN2045 and U251 cells did not. Further, Gl26-cit, a mouse glioma and CNS1-cit a rat cell line also exhibited significant migration towards MBVE. These results were in line with our in vivo data wherein HF2303, and Gl26-cit, but not MGG8 cells, invaded mainly along blood vessels. Differential migration of various human glioma cell lines in response to MBVE cells in vitro is probably related to their growth patterns in vivo. To decipher the mechanism of GBM cell migration, we tested the role of various chemokines using in vitro migration assays. The migration of Gl26-cit and HF2303 towards MBVE were significantly inhibited by AMD3100, an inhibitor of CXCR4. Lastly,MBVE together with mouse astrocytes promote the in vitro migration of Gl26-cit cells to a greater extent than MBVE alone. In summary, the behavior of glioma cells in vitro is consistent with their migration patterns in vivo and therefore, using in vitro migration models are a good tool to identify molecular mechanisms responsible for glioma cell growth towards blood vessels. The CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling was found to be critical for the migration of both mouse and human glioma cell lines. Neuro-Oncology 17:v41–v44, 2015. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nov207.16 Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology 2015.
Adverse Effect of Oxygen on Tracheal Mucus Flow
Authors: Gustave A. Laurenzi, Sam Yin, Joseph J. Guarneri
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

The effect of oxygen on tracheal mucus flow was measured in young cats by a particle-transport technic. Any deviation from ambient oxygen tension in the inspired air, high or low, had an adverse effect on mucus flow; 100 per cent oxygen produced marked impairment. Basal mucus flow was improved, and the adverse oxygen effects were prevented and reversed by epinephrine compounds and adenosine triphosphate. These results, which are interpreted in terms of inhibition of carbohydrate metabolism by oxygen and the positive effect of catecholamines on this function, suggest a subtle, but potentially dangerous, form of oxygen toxicity.
Clinical course after endoscopic submucosal dissection in the rectum leaving a circumferential mucosal defect of 26 cm in length
Authors: Yoshiko Ohara, Takashi Toyonaga, Eiji Tsubouchi, Hiroshi Takihara, Shinichi Baba, Shinwa Tanaka, Takeshi Azuma
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

A 70-year-old woman underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan for follow-up of a suspected intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, which showed thickening of the rectal wall. She subsequently underwent a colonoscopy, which showed a long circumferential lateral spreading tumor that was occupying nearly the entire rectum ([Fig. 1]). Endoscopic findings in a region with a small nodule indicated the possibility of submucosal tumor invasion; however, the CT scan showed no evidence of tumor metastasis.
Maternal Alpha-Fetoprotein Screening for Down's Syndrome
Authors: Siegfried M. Pueschel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Since 1866, when John Langdon Down described the syndrome1 that today bears his name, substantial progress has been made in the study of Down's syndrome in both the biomedical and psychoeducational arenas. Whereas the primary focus in the first 100 years after Down's report had been on phenotypic delineation of the syndrome and epidemiologic investigations, the past few decades have witnessed research efforts in the realms of biochemistry and cytogenetics and in numerous important domains of biomedicine and the behavioral sciences.The enormous progress in the education of affected children, including the introduction of early-intervention programs, the enactment of the . . .
AB0234 Comparing Activity Among RA Patients: Are There Differences Between Patients Treated with Biologic or Synthetic Dmards?:
Authors: A.D. Gomez-Centeno, E. Graell Martín, M. Garcia Manrique de Lara, M. Arevalo, C. Galisteo Lancastre da Veiga, M. Larrosa Padro
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> The emergence of biological DMARDs have been a major change for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients. The RA therapeutic algorithm includes: synthetic DMARD monotherapy, synthetic DMARD combination and biologic DMARDs. Since biological DMARDs have proved to be extremely effective, it would seem that those patients not receiving these biologic DMARDs could be treated suboptimally. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess whether there are differences in clinical activity among RA patients with treated with biologic DMARDs or synthetic DMARDs in Ra specialist clinic <h3>Methods</h3> Consecutive patients treated with both biologic or synthetic DMARDs seen in a RA specialized clinic were included. Clinical activity using different composite indices (DAS28-ESR, DAS28-CRP, RAPID3, SDAI and CDAI) was assessed. Outcomes among patients treated with synthetic or biologic DMARDs were compared. Composite indices were compared in both quantitative and qualitative values. Qualitative status were defined as: Remission, Low activity disease, Medium Activity disease or High Activity disease by each of these indices. <h3>Results</h3> 312 values of 154 patients (average of 2.02 per patient) were obtained. Patient characteristics: 78% women, mean age (SD) 59 (13), average time of evolution (DE) 11 (10) years. 79 patients (51.3%) treated with biologic DMARDs. The table shows the number of patients, age, disease duration, corticosteroid use quantitative value from each index, expressed in its mean (SD) and percentage of patients in remission or low activity disease for each of index. <h3>Conclusions</h3> No significant clinical differences among patients treated with biologic DMARDs or synthetic DMARDs were observed reflecting T2T strategy. In the only index that significant differences (DAS28-ESR) were found, these differences were not clinically relevant. The use of T2T strategy should lead to a similar control in RA patients regardless of treatment provided, as this study shows. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Effects of Different Progestogens on Lipoproteins during Postmenopausal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Erkki Hirvonen, Marjatta Mälkönen, Vesa Manninen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

To study the effects of different types of progestogens on lipoprotein metabolism, we treated three groups of postmenopausal women (six subjects each) for three weeks with estradiol valerate, 2 mg per day, and continued the treatment with different sequential estradiol-progestogen regimens as follows: Group A received norethindrone acetate, 10 mg per day, from Day 15 to Day 24 of the cycle; Group B, medroxyprogesterone acetate, 10 mg per day; and Group C, norgestrel, 0.5 mg per day. These regimens were followed for two consecutive cycles. Total cholesterol decreased in all groups by 10 to 18 per cent from the base-line values (P<0.05). High-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol decreased by 20 per cent from the base-line level during treatment with both the estradiol-norethindrone acetate (P<0.05) and estradiol-norgestrel (P<0.01) regimens, whereas estradiol with medroxyprogesterone acetate was not associated with a significant change in HDL cholesterol. Our results suggest that the androgenic progestogens of the 19-nortestosterone series reverse the beneficial effect of postmenopausal estrogen treatment on HDL cholesterol, whereas the hydroxyprogesterone derivative medroxyprogesterone acetate has no such effect. (N Engl J Med. 1981; 304:560–3.)
RARE-09SYMPTOMATIC XANTHOGRANULOMA OF THE LATERAL VENTRICLE: CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Juanita Garces, Mansour Mathkour, Tyler Scullen, Marcus Ware
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

INTRODUCTION: Intracranial xanthogranulomas (XG) describe a rare benign histiocytic neoplasm classically found incidentally in adults. They are characterized by infiltration of xanthomatous and spindle to scalloped shaped histiocytic cells with surrounding inflammatory components. To the best of our knowledge, there are 15 prior reported cases in the literature of symptomatic XG of the lateral ventricle. CASE: A 25-year-old female pregnant at 13 weeks presented with complaints of headaches and altered sensation to an outside hospital. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a heterogeneous lesion of the lateral ventricle with no associated hydrocephalus. The patient was referred to our clinic and underwent transcortical resection following the completion of her pregnancy. Histopathology demonstrated xanthochromatous CD68 positive histiocytes and foreign body giant cells within a fibrous capsule indicative of XG. At present, the patient is at 4-years post surgery and is doing very well without evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSION: While intracranial lesions are mostly incidental, XG have the potential to become symptomatic in both children and adults through mass effect or obstructive hydrocephalus. The majority of such lesions are thus found incidentally on imaging, on post-mortem examination or autopsy. The clinical and radiological features of XG are often undistinguishable from tumors arising in the choroid plexus. As such, XG should be considered as a rare etiology in the differential of both newly diagnosed intraventricular lesions.
Pulmonary Lymphangiomyomatosis in a Preadolescent Girl
Authors: Béla Nagy, Zoltán Nábrády, Zoltán Nemes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

To the Editor: A 12-year-old girl presented in 1996 with cough and dyspnea on exertion. A chest roentgenogram taken when she was three years old showed reticulonodular infiltrations that were interpreted as evidence of recurrent pneumonia. At the age of 10 years the chest roentgenogram showed bilateral patchy interstitial infiltrates with a reticular and vesicular pattern. The results of open-lung biopsy were initially interpreted as showing interstitial fibrosis and emphysema. Corticosteroid treatment resulted in symptomatic improvement, but the roentgenographic picture remained unchanged. Eight months later bilateral reticulonodular infiltrates and chylous effusion developed. A reappraisal of the open-lung–biopsy specimen and detailed . . .
Emergency Care of the Thoracic Casualty
Authors: Lester W. Martin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

MANY excellent articles on the various phases of emergency treatment of the thoracic casualty, based on experience in World War II and Korea, have appeared in the medical literature. It seems worth while to collect and summarize the outstanding contributions that have been published, especially in these days when many young physicians are called upon to care for battle casualties. The scope of this paper is limited to emergency treatment indicated in the division area prior to admission of the casualty to a forward surgical hospital. Some of the principles outlined may also be applied to civilian practice.IncidenceStatistics . . .
GMC issues advice on safe rotas for junior doctors
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The UK General Medical Council has issued advice to junior doctors on covering gaps in their rotas and has reminded employers of their responsibility to rota doctors safely.

After receiving a number of queries through social media, the regulator issued guidance to doctors who might be asked to cover rota gaps that they believed they could not safely cover.1

It said that if doctors felt under pressure to cover a rota gap, “they should carefully consider their own health and welfare and the impact on their practice if they …
The Second Reported Kindred with Hereditary Resistance to Oral Anticoagulant Drugs
Authors: Robert A. O'Reilly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

In this second reported kindred of hereditary resistance to oral anticoagulant drugs the propositus required 75 to 80 mg of sodium warfarin a day (25 standard deviations above the average dose) to achieve hypoprothrombinemia in the therapeutic range. With this dose, the hypoprothrombinemia could be corrected with daily doses of vitamin K1 of as little as 0.125 mg. Seventeen other family members had an equally resistant response to the oral anticoagulant drugs. The metabolism of sodium warfarin and the vitamin-K-dependent clotting factors were entirely normal. The pharmacologic mechanism for the resistance is a mutation of the receptor site for vitamin K and oral anticoagulants. The genetic data for the resistant response in both human kindreds indicate the dominant expression of a single gene located on an autosomal chromosome.
A Subtype of Diabetes Mellitus Associated with a Mutation of Mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Takashi Kadowaki, Hiroko Kadowaki, Yasumichi Mori, Kazuyuki Tobe, Ryoichi Sakuta, Yoshihiko Suzuki, Yuzo Tanabe, Hiroshi Sakura, Takuya Awata, Yu-ichi Goto, Takaki Hayakawa, Kenpei Matsuoka, Ryuzo Kawamori, Takenobu Kamada, Satoshi Horai, Ikuya Nonaka, Ryoko Hagura, Yasuo Akanuma, Yoshio Yazaki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Several families have been described in which a mutation of mitochondrial DNA, the substitution of guanine for adenine (A-->G) at position 3243 of leucine transfer RNA, is associated with diabetes mellitus and deafness. The prevalence, clinical features, and pathophysiology of diabetes with this mutation are largely undefined.We studied 55 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and a family history of diabetes (group 1), 85 patients with IDDM and no family history of diabetes (group 2), 100 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and a family history of diabetes (group 3), and 5 patients with diabetes and deafness (group 4) for the mutation. We also studied the prevalence and characteristics of diabetes in 39 patients with a syndrome consisting of mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes who were known to have the mutation and 127 of their relatives (group 5).We identified 16 unrelated patients with diabetes associated with the A-->G mutation: 3 patients from group 1 (6 percent), 2 patients from group 3 (2 percent), 3 patients from group 4 (60 percent), and 8 patients from group 5 (21 percent). We also identified 16 additional subjects who had diabetes and the mutation among 42 relatives of the patients with diabetes and the mutation in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 and 20 affected subjects among the 127 relatives of the patients in group 5. Diabetes cosegregated with the mutation in a fashion consistent with maternal transmission, was frequently (in 61 percent of cases) associated with sensory hearing loss, and was generally accompanied by impaired insulin secretion.Diabetes mellitus associated with the A-->G mutation at position 3243 of mitochondrial leucine transfer RNA represents a subtype of diabetes found in both patients with IDDM and patients with NIDDM in Japan.
Case 42-1978
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, William C. Moloney, John C. Long
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Presentation of CaseA 35-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of chest pain and fever.He was first seen at this hospital six years previously because of an enlarged axillary lymph node, irregular fever and loss of 4 kg in weight. A biopsy of the lymph node revealed Hodgkin's disease, mixed-cellularity type. A staging laparotomy confirmed that the liver, the excised spleen and the lymph nodes from the retroperitoneal area and the porta hepatis were involved. During the next 18 months 12 courses of MOPP (nitrogen mustard, vincristine [Oncovin], procarbazine and prednisone) were administered. The patient improved and . . .
Relations of Calcitonin and Gastrin in the Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome and Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Authors: Glen W. Sizemore, Vay L. W. Go, Edwin L. Kaplan, Larry J. Sanzenbacher, Karl H. Holtermuller, Claude D. Arnaud
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Fasting plasma immunoreactive human calcitonin and fasting serum immunoreactive human gastrin were measured by specific radioimmunoassays in 16 healthy persons, eight patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome who had no clinical thyroid disease, and seven patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. All patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome had high serum immunoreactive gastrin (p < 0.01), and all with thyroid carcinoma had high plasma immunoreactive calcitonin (p < 0.025). Mean plasma immunoreactive calcitonin was increased significantly in patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (p<0.005). Mean serum immunoreactive gastrin was decreased significantly in the patients with carcinoma(p < 0.01). One patient with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and high plasma immunoreactive calcitonin had no post-mortem histologic evidence of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. These observations suggest a possible interhormonal relation between calcitonin and gastrin in man, calcitonin inhibiting gastrin secretion and, conversely, gastrin stimulating calcitonin secretion.
The Incompetent Cervix in Repetitive Abortion and Premature Labor
Authors: Charles L. Easterday, Duncan E. Reid
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

IN obstetric practice, it is acknowledged that a significant number of patients, without apparent cause, repeatedly terminate their pregnancies between the early part of the middle trimester and the period of medical viability (approximately sixteen to thirty-two weeks). The conceptus is usually normal, in contrast to that in patients whose pregnancy terminates before the tenth to the twelfth week, when the abortus is generally abnormal.It has been suggested that this inability to retain an otherwise normal pregnancy to a stage of viability may be due to an anatomic defect in the internal os of the cervix.1 The majority of . . .
Conquering Hepatitis C, Step by Step
Authors: Daniel F. Schafer, Michael F. Sorrell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the most common chronic blood-borne infection in the United States.1 In most of the estimated 2.7 million people who have the infection it has not been diagnosed, and most of those with a diagnosed infection have not been treated. Because the best current medical therapy is expensive, complex, relatively ineffective, and fraught with side effects, many physicians are understandably reluctant to offer it to their patients. Without a highly effective therapy, the condition of patients with hepatitis C continues to deteriorate until complications of cirrhosis develop. The infection progresses to end-stage liver disease in . . .
P81 Psychiatric side effects of antiviral therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin are associated with poor response in children with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: I Carey, C Pariante, S Bansal, P Subramaniam, S Tizzard, D Vergani, G Mieli-Vergani
Journal: Gut (2010)

Introduction  Chronic hepatitis C (CHC), a mild disease in childhood, can progress to cirrhosis in young adulthood. Successful Peg-IFN+ribavirin therapy prevents progression, but has, among others, neuropsychiatric (NP) side effects (SE) that might impact on response.  Aim  To study the influence of Peg-IFN+ribavirin-related NPSE on treatment response in paediatric CHC using novel age-adapted questionnaires.  Method  Patients: 21 CHC children (11 boys, median age 12 yrs) treated with Peg-IFN2a+Ribavirin were divided in responders (R) (n=13), relapsers (Rel) (n=4) and non-responders (NR) (n=4). Methods: NPSE (fatigue/low mood/irritability/depression/insomnia) were assessed at each clinic visit, irrespective of age. In 15 children aged =11 yrs, NP symptom severity was evaluated at baseline, treatment week 12 (TW12), TW24, TW48 and 6 mths post therapy, using in-house questionnaires measuring degree of fatigue and social adjustment. Fatigue questionnaire: 13 questions (scored −50 to 100/question) assessing fatigue/motivation/concentration/memory/basic cognitive function (speech/word recollection). Social adjustment questionnaire: five questions (scored 0–8/question) measuring impact of therapy on school attendance/homework/social leisure activities/private leisure activities/ability to make friends.  Results  11 patients (52%) developed NPSEs, low mood and irritability being higher in NR and Rel than R (75% and 75% vs 38%, p=0.03). Children >12 yrs developed NPSEs more often than those younger (8/11 (73%) vs 3/10 (30%), p=0.04). In 15 patients aged =11 yrs (median 13 yrs) there was no difference in severity of fatigue and social adjustment scales at baseline between R (n=9), NR (n=3) and Rel (n=3) (fatigue median score: 250, 250 and 275; median social adjustment scale: 5, 10 and 9). During therapy, fatigue severity increased similarly in all groups at TW12 (R: 625; Rel: 575; NR: 800), and tended to be higher in NR than Rel and R at TW24 and 48 (TW24: 1150 vs 700 and 725, p=0.06; TW48: 1000 vs 775 and 825, p=0.1). Six months after treatment, severity of fatigue returned to pre-treatment levels, but tended to remain higher in NR and Rel than in R (NR 400 vs Rel 325 vs R 250, p=0.09). Social adjustment scale increased in all patients during therapy, tending to be higher in Rel and NR than R at TW12 (R 15 vs Rel 20 vs NR 25, p=0.06), being higher in NR than in R and Rel at TW24 and 48 (TW24: R 20 vs Rel 30 vs NR 35, p=0.05; TW48: R 17.5 vs Rel 30 vs NR 35, p=0.04), remaining higher in NR and Rel than in R (NR 15 vs Rel 15 vs R 5, p=0.02) 6 months post therapy.  Conclusion  Antiviral therapy-related NPSEs are associated with poor response in children with CHC.