tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AB0965 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in TNFA1P3 and PTPN2 Are Associated with a Poor Outcome in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Data From Reuma.PT
Authors: A.F. Mourão, M.J. Santos, S. Mendonça, F. Ramos, B.F. Bettencourt, J. Bruges-Armas, F. Martins, M. Salgado, P. Estanqueiro, J. Melo Gomes, J. Costa, C. Furtado, R. Figueira, I. Brito, M. Sousa, G. Sequeira, J.C. Branco, J.E. Fonseca, H. Canhão
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Genetic variants have been identified associated with the susceptibility to Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Little is known about the genetic determinants of disease severity and long-term outcomes. <h3>Objectives</h3> This study aimed to assess the genetic determinants of poor outcome in Portuguese patients with JIA. <h3>Methods</h3> Our study relied on Reuma.pt, the Rheumatic Diseases Portuguese Register, which includes patients with JIA receiving biological therapies and synthetic DMARDs. Subject and disease characteristics of patients with the diagnosis of JIA were collected prospectively and a blood sample for DNA analysis stored. Poor prognosis was defined as CHAQ/HAQ &gt;0.75 at the last visit and/or the need for biological therapy. A previously selected panel of 31 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was studied to verify if there was any association with poor prognosis. <h3>Results</h3> 291 patients out of the 812 JIA patients registered in Reuma.pt, had a blood sample to perform the genetic analysis. From those, 267 had CHAQ/HAQ registered. The mean age was 19.9±11.3 years, 65% females. The mean age at JIA onset was 6.9±4.7 years. Of the 267 patients analyzed, 85 match our criteria of poor prognosis. In univariate analysis, including all disease categories of JIA, we found significant associations with poor prognosis for allele A of <i>TNFA1P3/20</i> rs6920220, allele G of <i>TRAF1/C5</i> rs3761847 and allele G of <i>PTPN2</i> rs7234029. In multivariate models, the associations for <i>TNFA1P3/20</i> rs6920220 (odds ratio =1.88 [95% CI 1.13-3.14]) and <i>PTPN2</i> rs7234029 (OR 1.75 [1.03-3.00]) remained significant at the 5% level, while <i>TRAF1/C5</i> rs3761847 (OR 1.53 [0.95-2.47]) was no longer significant. <h3>Conclusions</h3> <i>TNFA1P3/A20 and PTPN2</i> were associated with poor prognosis in Portuguese patients with JIA. These genes were also associated with susceptibility to JIA. Further studies in independent populations are needed to strengthen the knowledge in this field. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphorous Pesticides and Fetal Growth: Pooled Results from Four Longitudinal Birth Cohort Studies
Authors: Kim G. Harley, Stephanie M. Engel, Michelle G. Vedar, Brenda Eskenazi, Robin M. Whyatt, Bruce P. Lanphear, Asa Bradman, Virginia A. Rauh, Kimberly Yolton, Richard W. Hornung, James G. Wetmur, Jia Chen, Nina T. Holland, Dana Boyd Barr, Frederica P. Perera, Mary S. Wolff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Background:Organophosphorous (OP) pesticides are associated with reduced fetal growth in animals, but human studies are inconsistent.Objectives:We pooled data from four cohorts to examine associations of prenatal OP exposure with birth weight (n = 1,169), length (n = 1,152), and head circumference (n = 1,143).Methods:Data were from the CHAMACOS, HOME, Columbia, and Mount Sinai birth cohorts. Concentrations of three diethyl phosphate (ΣDEP) and three dimethyl phosphate (ΣDMP) metabolites of OP pesticides [summed to six dialkyl phosphates (ΣDAPs)] were measured in maternal urine. Linear regression and mixed-effects models were used to examine associations with birth outcomes.Results:We found no significant associations of ΣDEP, ΣDMP, or ΣDAPs with birth weight, length, or head circumference overall. However, among non-Hispanic black women, increasing urinary ΣDAP and ΣDMP concentrations were associated with decreased birth length (β = –0.4 cm; 95% CI: –0.9, 0.0 and β = –0.4 cm; 95% CI: –0.8, 0.0, respectively, for each 10-fold increase in metabolite concentration). Among infants with the PON1192RR genotype, ΣDAP and ΣDMP were negatively associated with length (β = –0.4 cm; 95% CI: –0.9, 0.0 and β = –0.5 cm; 95% CI: –0.9, –0.1).Conclusions:This study confirms previously reported associations of prenatal OP exposure among black women with decreased infant size at birth, but finds no evidence of smaller birth weight, length, or head circumference among whites or Hispanics. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found stronger inverse associations of DAPs and birth outcome in infants with the less susceptible PON1192RR genotype. The large pooled data set facilitated exploration of interactions by race/ethnicity and PON1 genotype, but was limited by differences in study populations.Citation:Harley KG, Engel SM, Vedar MG, Eskenazi B, Whyatt RM, Lanphear BP, Bradman A, Rauh VA, Yolton K, Hornung RW, Wetmur JG, Chen J, Holland NT, Barr DB, Perera FP, Wolff MS. 2016. Prenatal exposure to organophosphorous pesticides and fetal growth: pooled results from four longitudinal birth cohort studies. Environ Health Perspect 124:1084–1092; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409362
SP0105 Added Value of Imaging in RA
Authors: C. Peterfy
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Twenty years ago, prior to the introduction of effective structure modifying treatments for RA, rheumatologists had little use for imaging in daily practice. Why gather detailed anatomical information if it wasn9t going to substantively affect patient management? The success of the biologics revolution and introduction of treat-to-target management has changed that, however, and rheumatologists today increasingly use advanced imaging techniques, beyond conventional radiography, to manage their patients. Radiography has been the mainstay of imaging evaluation of RA for decades, but it9s ability to probe structural damage is limited to only bone erosions and joint-space narrowing; it cannot not directly identify damage to tendons or ligaments nor visualize the upstream inflammatory drivers of tissue damage (synovitis, ostietis, ethesitis, tenosynovitis/tendointis). Radiography is also relatively insensitive to change; typically six to twelve months are necessary to demonstrate progression reliably. MRI is more sensitive for bone erosion and cartilage loss than radiography is, and therefore can identify patients with the erosive phenotype much earlier in the course of their disease and direct them to appropriate therapy sooner. MRI can detect progression of bone erosion and cartilage loss in as little as 3 months, and suppression of synovitis and osteitis in only 2 weeks. Ultrasound also can detect bone erosion more sensitively than radiography can, and it also can visualize synovitis and tenosynovitis/tendonitis directly. Composite clinical measures of disease activity, such as DAS28, SDAI and CDAI are responsive to treatment, but they often fail to identify patients who continue to progress structurally despite satisfying clinical criteria for remission. MRI and ultrasound can therefore serve as useful adjuncts to clinical measures in treat-to-target patient management. This presentation will review in detail the relative strengths and weaknesses of radiography, MRI and ultrasound in these roles, and provide recommendations for their use in clinical practice. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> C. Peterfy Shareholder of: Spire Sciences, Inc., Consultant for: AbbVie, Amgen, Acerta, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Five Prime, Genentech, Lilly, Medimmune, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Salix-Santaris, Samsung, Employee of: Spire Sciences, Inc., Speakers bureau: Amgen
GOITER PROPHYLAXIS
Authors: W M KREINER
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fourth Floor
Authors: Sheryl Kraft
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Control of drug addiction.
Authors: H EHRHARDT
Journal: BMJ (1965)

PointersSelf-poisoning: Professor Neil Kessel reviews a situation where " facilities for self-poisoning have been placed within the reach of everyone."In a series of 522 cases 55 °were due to barbiturates, which " almost always" had been obtained " legally on prescription" (p.1265).Lung-function in Myocardial Infarction: Dr. M. W. McNicol and colleagues find evidence of pulmonary congestion in 78 % of patients with acute myocardial infarction.Treatment of the consequent hypoxaemia may improve the prognosis (p.1270).Leader at p. 1261.Carbenoxolone in Gastric Ulcer: Dr. L. Horwich and Dr. R. Galloway report radiological improvement in patients treated with Biogastrone (carbenoxolone sodium) (p.1274).Frusemide and Sodium Excretion: Dr. J. H. Stewart and Dr
SP0055 Capillaroscopic Versus Laser Doppler Analysis of the Microcirculation
Authors: A. Sulli
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Capillaroscopy is an easy, non-invasive, well-accepted, and safe method to early diagnose and follow nailfold microangiopathy in systemic sclerosis (SSc), having also prospective prognostic value for internal organ involvement [1,2]. In particular, nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) is able to qualitatively and quantitatively assess SSc microvascular damage, by either detecting the "Early", "Active" or "Late" pattern of microangiopathy, or calculating the microangiopathy evolution score (MES) [3,4]. Capillaroscopy is routinely used in clinical practice, and it has recently been included among ACR/EULAR classification criteria for SSc [5]. In contrast to capillaroscopy that allows a morphological study of microcirculation, Laser Doppler and laser speckle techniques are able to assess microvascular function at skin sites, and they have been used in SSc to detect and quantify blood perfusion, in particular at peripheral sites [6–8]. Among these techniques, laser Doppler flowmetry is a contact method able to measure blood flow at a single point, in particular at fingertips, while laser Doppler imaging and laser speckle are non-contact techniques able to measure blood perfusion in a large area. In particular, laser speckle contrast analysis in less time consuming compared to Laser Doppler techniques, and permits the evaluation of skin areas different from hands [9]. Negative correlations have been described between nailfold microangiopathy extent (assessed by either NVC patterns or MES) and blood perfusion values (assessed by the above reported laser techniques) in SSc patients, being the higher microangiopathy degree, the lower blood perfusion values [6–10]. Furthermore, a reduced vascular reactivity to heating has been detected in SSc patients compared to healthy subjects, and it was found progressively lower in SSc patients with either worst NVC pattern of microangiopathy or higher MES [6]. The combination of these imaging techniques allows an optimal investigation of microcirculation in SSc, and it is useful to monitor drug effect on SSc microvasculature [11,12]. <h3>References</h3> Cutolo M, et al. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2010; 6:578-87. Smith V, et al. J Rheumatol. 2013; 40:2023-8. Sulli A, et al. Arthritis Rheum. 2012; 64:821-5. Sulli A, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2008; 67:885-7. van den Hoogen F, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013; 72:1747-55. Cutolo M, et al. J Rheumatol 2010; 37:1174-80. Rosato E, et al. J Rheumatol. 2009; 36:2257-63. Ruaro B, Sulli A, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014; 73:1181-5. Sulli A, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 73:2059-61. Sulli A, et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014; 73:247-51. Cutolo M, et al. J Rheumatol. 2014; 81:881-6. Cutolo M, et al. J Rheumatol. 2013; 40:40-5. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
FRI0443 Can Quantitative Chest CT Predict Interstitial Lung Disease Worsening in Systemic Sclerosis? Results from a Multi-Centre Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: A. Ariani, M. Silva, S. Parisi, M. Saracco, E. Bravi, F. De Gennaro, C. Benini, P. Caramaschi, F. Lumetti, V. Seletti, L. Idolazzi, F.C. Bodini, C.A. Scirè, G. Lucchini, D. Santilli, F. Mozzani, G. Delsante, D. Imberti, E. Arrigoni, R. Pellerito, E. Fusaro, N. Sverzellati
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc). Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and chest Computed Tomography (CT) are the main exams to assess ILD severity. In particular, FVC &lt;70% is associated with a high risk of death. A visual score (VS), based on extension of fibrosis detectable at chest CT&gt;20%, has an unfavourable prognostic value [Goh et al., 2008]. Preliminary evidence supports the usefulness of an automated quantitative CT (QCT) assessment performed with a medical software, OsiriX, in identifying patients with more severe SSc-ILD [Ariani et al. 2014] <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this work is to investigate whether QCT can predict ILD-SSc radiological and functional worsening over time. <h3>Methods</h3> One hundred forty-nine patients with SSc according to EULAR/ACR criteria underwent chest CTs and pulmonary functional tests at baseline (t0) and after 1 year (t1). A VS was evaluated for each chest CT; the quantitative assessment, in order to obtain QCT indexes (QCTI), was performed only in chest CT done in t0. Patients were clustered in 3 groups: 1) VS &lt;20% both at t0 and t1; 2) radiological worsening (defined as the increase of the visual score, between t0 and t1, from &lt;20% to &gt;20% values); 3)VS&gt;20% both at t0 and t1. A similar subdivision in other three groups was performed on the basis of FVC values (with 70% as cutoff).The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to investigate QCTI distribution in the above mentioned groups. A p-value &lt;0.05 was considered significant. <h3>Results</h3> In group 1 (clustered according to VS variation) QCTI were different from the ones of the other two groups (p&lt;0.001). Group 2 and 3 QCTI were not statistically different. Similar results were observed when patients were clustered according to FVC values: group1 was different from group 2 and 3 (p&lt;0.05) but the last ones were not statistically different. Figure A shows kurtosis (one of the QCTI) distribution in the groups. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In spite of the limitations of this study (short follow up compared with the slow ILD-SSc progression) our results support the predictivity of a QCTI in terms of future radiological and functional ILD worsening. Given its reliability and easy access, quantitative CT assessment of ILD is a promising candidate in the assessment and prognostic stratification of SSc-ILD, even in clinical practice. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
A Quantitative Study of the Effect of Certain Chemically Defined Media on the Proliferation &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt; of Strain L Cells from the Mouse&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: V J EVANS, J E SHANNON, J C BRYANT, H K WALTZ, W R EARLE, K K SANFORD
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1953)
Medical executives face criminal charges for “misbranded” devices
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Two US medical device executives are facing criminal charges for off-label promotion of a device to treat nasal sinus problems.

William Facteau, former chief executive officer, and Patrick Fabian, vice president for sales, of the ear, nose, and throat medical device company Acclarent, have been charged with “distributing adulterated and misbranded medical devices” and securities fraud related to their promotion of the Status medical device to open up nasal sinuses.1 Acclarent was sold to Johnson & Johnson for $785m (£542m; €690m) in 2010.

The Food and Drug Administration had cleared the device under its “510(k)” scheme, which allows devices to be marketed on the basis of the existence of a “substantially equivalent” product (known as a predicate device) already on the market. The predicate device cited by Acclarent was intended to keep sinuses open mechanically. However, the Status device was manufactured in such a way that it could be …
Plasma and erythrocyte levels of tricyclic antidepressants in depressed patients
Authors: M Linnoila, F Dorrity, K Jobson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

Plasma and red blood cells (RBCs), amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine, desipramine, doxepin, and desmethyl doxepin levels were measured in depressed inpatients during steady-state kinetics. A strong positive correlation between the drug levels in plasma and RBCs was found for amitriptyline, nortriptyline, desipramine, and desmethyl doxepin. However, at a given plasma level, up to a 6-fold interindividual variation in the RBC drug levels was found. The correlations between plasma and RBC imipramine and doxepin levels were low. The interindividual variation in the RBC-plasma tricyclic level ratios was large enough to warrant further clinical studies on the relationship between efficacy and pharmacokinetics of tricyclic antidepressants.
PTH-104 Tumour doubling time of colorectal metastases in patients selected for liver resection does not influence post-operative disease-free survival
Authors: M Wiggans, G Shahtahmassebi, S Aroori, M Bowles, C Briggs, D Stell
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The aim of this study was to assess the potential association between the change in diameter of colorectal liver metastases between pre-operative imaging and liver resection and disease-free survival in patients who do not receive pre-operative liver-directed chemotherapy. <h3>Method</h3> Analysis of a prospectively maintained database of patients undergoing liver resection for colorectal liver metastases between 2005 and 2012 was undertaken. Change in tumour size was assessed by comparing the maximum tumour diameter at radiological diagnosis determined by imaging and the maximum tumour diameter measured at examination of the resected specimen in 157 patients. <h3>Results</h3> The median interval from first scan to surgery was 99 days and the median increase in tumour diameter in this interval was 38%, equivalent to a tumour doubling time (DT) of 47 days. Tumour DT prior to liver resection was longer in patients with T1 primary tumours (119 days) than T2–4 tumours (44 days) and shorter in patients undergoing repeat surgery for intra-hepatic recurrence (33 days) than before primary resection (49 days). The median disease-free survival of the quartile of patients with the shortest DT (1.77 years) was similar to that of the quartile with the longest DT (1.77 years) (P = 0.760) and multivariate analysis revealed no association between tumour DT and disease-free survival. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The rate of growth of colorectal liver metastases prior to surgery should not be used as a prognostic factor when counselling patients prior to resection. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Consequences of Influencing Physician Behavior
Authors: Kimford J. Meador
Journal: JAMA (2016)

EnglishDr Judson and colleagues1 discussed balancing extrinsic and intrinsic motivation for physician behavior. Any plan to alter physician behavior via applied motivation should have, as an intrinsic component, assessments to determine the full effect of the applied motivation. For example, Judson and colleagues provided an example of how financial incentives related to patient care revenues enhanced the delivery of patient services in an academic medical department. This approach has been successful in increasing clinical revenues across many academic departments.2 However, one untoward effect has been that time spent by academic physicians on academic activities such as clinical research and teaching has decreased by 50%.3 The effect of this change on the academic mission has been largely ignored.2 EnglishIn response to our Viewpoint on extrinsic and intrinsic motivations to change physician behavior, Dr Meador states that incentives should be assessed for intended and unintended consequences, and we agree. However, Meador argues that the rise of financial motivators has directly caused a decrease in clinical research and teaching. This argument is difficult to make conclusively, since so many factors have changed in academic medicine over this period. Our thesis in the Viewpoint was that a careful balance of extrinsic and intrinsic motivators, thoughtfully customized to one’s own organization, is key to promoting efficiency and drive. It is unlikely that any single financial motivator is decreasing the time spent on research and teaching. Instead, it is the balance of motivators and shifts in that balance that may affect how physicians spend their time.
New and emerging targeted therapies for cystic fibrosis
Authors: Bradley S Quon, Steven M Rowe
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic autosomal recessive disorder that affects about 70 000 people worldwide. The clinical manifestations of the disease are caused by defects in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The discovery of the <i>CFTR</i> gene in 1989 has led to a sophisticated understanding of how thousands of mutations in the <i>CFTR</i> gene affect the structure and function of the CFTR protein. Much progress has been made over the past decade with the development of orally bioavailable small molecule drugs that target defective CFTR proteins caused by specific mutations. Furthermore, there is considerable optimism about the prospect of gene replacement or editing therapies to correct all mutations in cystic fibrosis. The recent approvals of ivacaftor and lumacaftor represent the genesis of a new era of precision medicine in the treatment of this condition. These drugs are having a positive impact on the lives of people with cystic fibrosis and are potentially disease modifying. This review provides an update on advances in our understanding of the structure and function of the CFTR, with a focus on state of the art targeted drugs that are in development.