OP0199 Immune Responses To Prevotella copri in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: A. Pianta, E.E. Drouin, S. Arvikar, Q. Wang, C.E. Costello, A.C. Steere
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> Recently, Scher et al. showed that <i>Prevotella copri</i>, an intestinal microbe, was over-expanded in stool samples from patients with new-onset RA (NORA). However, it has been unclear whether over-expansion of <i>P. copri</i> is simply a marker for dysbiosis in the bowel, or whether the organism itself actually has a pathogenic role in RA. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine whether <i>P. copri</i> may have a pathogenic role in RA, we investigated whether patients had T and/or B cell responses to the organism and looked for <i>P. copri</i> DNA in synovial fluid (SF). <h3>Methods</h3> To identify immunogenic proteins of <i>P. copri</i>, we identified microbial HLA-DR-presented peptides (T cell epitopes) in patients9 synovial tissue, SF or peripheral blood (PB), using tandem mass spectrometry. The identified peptides were synthesized and tested for T cell reactivity with the matching patient9s PBMC by IFN-g ELISpot assay. Immunoreactive peptides or source proteins were then tested for T and B cell responses using cells and sera from our cohort of DMARD-naive NORA patients, chronic RA (CRA) patients, and controls. All RA patients met the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria for RA. Available serum and SF samples were analyzed for the presence of 16S rDNA of <i>P. copri</i> by nested PCR. <h3>Results</h3> From the HLA-DR-presented peptides isolated from the PB of one RA patient (HLA-DRB1*0401/0101), we identified an immunogenic T cell epitope derived from bacterial signal sequence of a 27-kDa protein of <i>P. copri</i> (<i>Pc</i>-p27), implying that this organism or components of it were present in this patient9s circulating phagocytic cells. When testing was done in additional patients, 24 of 40 (60%) NORA patients had T cell reactivity with epitopes of <i>Pc</i>-p27 compared with none of 10 patients with Lyme arthritis (P=0.0007) and none of 15 healthy control subjects (P&lt;0.0001). In addition, 10 of 78 NORA patients (13%) and 10 of 49 CRA patients (20%) had IgG antibodies to <i>Pc</i>-p27; 8 of 78 NORA patients (10%) and 6 of 49 CRA patients had IgA antibodies to this protein. Only 2 patients had both IgG and IgA antibody responses. Overall, 31 of 127 NORA or CRA patients (24%) had IgG or IgA antibody responses to <i>P. copri</i>, whereas low-level antibody responses to the organism were found in only 2 of 131 patients with Lyme arthritis, spondylarthropathy or lupus (P&lt;0.0001) and in 2 of 50 healthy control subjects (P=0.001). Finally, synovial fluid yielded positive results for <i>P. copri</i> 16S rDNA in 3 of 5 RA patients with IgG antibody responses to <i>P. copri</i>, but in none of 13 patients with IgA <i>P. copri</i> antibodies or no response to the organism (P=0.01). <h3>Conclusions</h3> A subgroup of RA patients had <i>P. copri</i>-specific IgA or IgG antibody responses early or late in the disease, whereas patients with other types of arthritis rarely did, implying specificity of these responses in RA. IgA responses may occur because of interactions between host and immune cells in the gut mucosa, whereas IgG responses may be a sign of systemic spread of the organism to joints. These observations suggest that <i>P. copri</i> is more than a bystander in gut dysbiosis, and implies that the organism itself may have a pathogenic role in RA patients, creating a new paradigm to consider in RA pathogenesis. <h3>References</h3> Scher J. U. et al, Elife 2013 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared