tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Profound Hyponatremia Resulting from a Thiazide-Induced Decrease in Urinary Diluting Capacity in a Patient with Primary Polydipsia
Authors: Robert M. Kennedy, Laurence E. Earley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

PRIMARY polydipsia, whether "psychogenic" or neurogenic, is seldom associated with clinical manifestations other than the resultant polyuria and, when they are present, symptoms of an underlying emotional disturbance. Despite an intake of water in excess of normal requirements clinical hyponatremia does not, as a rule, develop in these patients. However, if mechanisms for excreting water should become compromised by some intervening event, the continued ingestion of abnormally large amounts of water could exceed the reduced excretory capacity, and water retention and symptomatic hyponatremia would result. Thiazide diuretics are known to reduce urine volume and increase urinary osmolality during experimental water . . .
Vascular Tissue Plasminogen Activator and the Development of Coronary Artery Disease in Heart-Transplant Recipients
Authors: Carlos A. Labarrere, Douglas Pitts, David R. Nelson, W. Page Faulk
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

An aggressive and potentially fatal form of coronary artery disease may develop after cardiac transplantation. We studied the role of vascular tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), the primary mediator of fibrinolysis, in the development of this problem.
Case 38-2005
Authors: Winfred W. Williams, Jeffrey L. Ecker, Ravi I. Thadhani, Aliyah Rahemtullah
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A 29-year-old woman with a history of lupus erythematosus and nephritis was admitted to the hospital because of edema, proteinuria, and rising blood pressure in the second trimester of pregnancy. During the next three weeks, proteinuria persisted, anemia and thrombocytopenia developed and worsened, and the blood pressure continued to rise. A procedure was performed.
P27 Patients with advanced COPD have unmet care and support needs across clinical settings: how can we identify needs to enable patient-centred care?
Authors: MC Farquhar, AC Gardener, C Moore, H Holt Butcher, G Ewing, P White, S Booth, S Howson, R Mahadeva
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is progressive, with high symptom- and carer-burden, accounting for one death every 20 min in England and Wales. Patient-centred care takes into account patient needs and preferences. Research on care and support needs in advanced COPD, and ways to identify them in clinical practice, is limited. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted mixed-method interviews with a population-based cohort of 235 well-characterised patients with advanced COPD (meeting 2/6 clinician-defined criteria) and their carers (n = 115 family and friends who support them), and qualitative interviews with purposively sampled key clinicians (n = 45; primary and secondary care). Quantitative data include validated patient measures of function, need and service use analysed using descriptive statistics. Purposively sampled multiple-perspective qualitative data on needs and experiences of care analysed using a framework approach. <h3>Results</h3> Patients’ mean age was 71.6 years (SD 10.3), 61% were male and 30% lived alone. Their mean MMRC dyspnoea scale was 3.68 (SD 1.04) and mean CAT score 23.4 (SD 7.5). Mean HADS anxiety and depression scores were higher than population norms: anxiety 7.31 (SD = 4.69); depression 6.72 (SD = 3.53). Patients identified symptoms they had not reported to clinicians; just over a fifth with self-identified anxiety/depression had not reported these. Patients had unmet needs for support with practical tasks, personal care, psychological support and information; their ability to spontaneously articulate needs was limited and we found little evidence of holistic needs assessment by clinicians. 20% could not identify a clinician who supported them. Service contacts were mainly in primary care and descriptions of service contacts (primary/secondary) could be characterised as predominantly reactive: the “care” element of contacts was invisible to some. Feelings and worries were rarely discussed. Service contacts appeared driven by organisational and medical agendas rather than patient-centred. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Service contacts in advanced COPD are predominantly reactive and brief, with limited evidence of proactive engagement with patients and carers. Shifting the focus beyond organisational and medical agendas to a more patient-centred approach requires the proactive identification of patient need, prompted by clinicians. This could be facilitated by a brief structured holistic tool, grounded in patient data, for use across clinical settings.
Pleuropneumonic Reactions to Nitrofurantoin
Authors: Francis J. Hailey, Harold W. Glascock, William F. Hewitt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Approximately 200 cases of pulmonary sensitivity reaction to nitrofurantoin have been reported since 1959. The acute reaction commonly begins with fever, cough and dyspnea; eosinophilia or skin manifestations often follow. X-ray study typically shows infiltration, especially in the lung bases, with consolidation or effusion. No deaths because of this reaction have been reported. The condition is distinguishable from Löffler's syndrome by its abrupt onset and rapid clearing, as well as by other features. It has been confused with pulmonary embolism, congestive heart failure and other cardiopulmonary diseases but may be differentiated by electrocardiography and other methods and signs. Specific treatment probably is unnecessary in most cases, since recovery usually is rapid once the nitrofurantoin is withdrawn, but antihistamines and corticosteroids have been effective for symptomatic relief. A small number of subacute or chronic pulmonary reactions also have been reported in association with long-term nitrofurantoin administration.
Preclinical efficacy of STA-12-8666, an HSP90 inhibitor-targeted SN-38 conjugate, in small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
Authors: Yanis Boumber, Anna Gaponova, Anna S Nikonova, Alexander Deneka, Alexander Kudinov, Brian L. Egleston, James S Duncan, Kelly Duncan, Hossein Borghaei, Ranee Mehra, David A. Proia, Erica Golemis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e18560 Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a lethal disease, with 5 year survival of only 6%. While patients initially respond to cytotoxic chemotherapies, resistance rapidly emerges and response to second line agents is limited. STA-12-8666 is a small molecule, which binds the tumor-concentrated active form of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), with a cleavable linker attached to SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan. Cleavage of the linker within the tumor provides time-release of SN-38 at high local concentration, limiting drug exposure and toxicity in normal issue. We evaluated STA-12-8666 for use as a new effective cancer therapy. Methods: Three dose levels of STA-12-8666 were evaluated in comparison to irinotecan, ganetespib, carboplatin, etoposide, topotecan and chemotherapy combinations in xenograft models including SCLC cell lines, patient derived xenografts (PDXs), and chemotherapy-refractory SCLC model. Intratumoral responses were profiled using a mass spectrometry approach to evaluate kinase pathway activation, and results confirmed by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed for STA-12-8666 comparing to isomolar irinotecan. Results: The data suggest exceptional potency of high dose (150 mg/kg) STA-12-8666 as a monoagent in multiple SCLC models, with three weekly doses resulting in clearance of palpable tumors, durable effect ( > 2 months). Low dose STA-12-8666 (50 mg/kg) substantially augmented the activity of carboplatin. Higher dose STA-12-8666 was effective at controlling or eliminating tumors pre-treated with and resistant to irinotecan, topotecan or platinum. Tumors recurring in mice previously treated with STA-12-8666 remained sensitive to 150 mg/kg and were eliminated upon re-treatment. No weight loss or toxicities were observed. Profiling of tumors treated with STA-12-8666 showed robust induction of intratumoral toxicity, and candidate response biomarkers relevant to DNA damage response and other processes. Conclusions: STA-12-8666 is a promising therapy in both frontline and salvage settings for treating patients with SCLC. The data strongly supports the evaluation of this compound in clinical trials.
S33 Performance of EBUS-TBNA in the pathological subtyping and molecular testing of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a UK thoracic oncology centre
Authors: H Al-Najjar, M Evison, J Martin, P Barber, P Crosbie, R Booton
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The categorisation of NSCLC into squamous and non-squamous subtypes is an important requirement for the optimisation of patient care as this may modify chemotherapy regimens and direct molecular testing. The lung cancer national audit highlights the need to minimise the rate of NSCLC not otherwise specified (NSCLC-NOS).<sup>1</sup> The aim of our study was to determine whether samples obtained by endobronchial ultrasound guided-transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) could be used to pathologically subtype NSCLC and provide sufficient material for molecular testing. <h3>Methods</h3> A prospectively maintained database of consecutive patients with suspected lung cancer referred to our unit, a UK regional thoracic oncology centre, was analysed. All patients diagnosed with NSCLC by EBUS-TBNA cytology at our centre between Sept 2013 and Sept 2014 were included in the study. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 89 patients were diagnosed with NSCLC using EBUS-TBNA. The pathological subtypes were: n = 46 (51.7%) squamous cell carcinoma, n = 41 (46%) adenocarcinoma and n = 2 (2.2%) NSCLC-NOS. All samples with a new diagnosis of non-squamous subtype were sent for EGFR mutation analysis, with sufficient material in 97% (n = 35/36) and one activating mutation was identified. ALK analysis was successfully performed in all 5 samples in which this was requested. Additional molecular testing was requested in 9 samples with sufficient material in 89% (n = 8/9). <h3>Conclusions</h3> EBUS-TBNA cytology can be used to successfully subtype NSCLC and provide adequate material for molecular testing in the majority of cases. The rate of NSCLC-NOS in our study (2.2%) compares favourably with local cancer network (13.5%) and national (12.9%) figures. <h3>Reference</h3> 1 National lung cancer audit report 2014 doi http://www.hscic.gov.uk/catalogue/PUB16019/clin-audi-supp-prog-lung-nlca-2014-rep.pdf
Effect of Lowering of Body Temperature on the Symptoms and Signs of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: C. Wesley Watson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THE purpose of this report is to describe certain acute effects of lowering of body temperature upon the symptoms and signs of multiple sclerosis. The study was undertaken as a result of a remark and demonstration by a patient (B.M.) that her sight and capacity to move a limb long paralyzed were restored when she was immersed in cold water. Questioning of other patients with multiple sclerosis revealed that many experienced improvement after exposure to cold. Detailed study of the effect under controlled conditions showed that symptoms and signs of multiple sclerosis may indeed improve after exposure to cold. A . . .
RTRB-15CONCURRENT TEMOZOLOMIDE AND HYPOFRACTIONATED RADIOTHERAPY FOR RECURRENT HIGH GRADE GLIOMA
Authors: Joshua Palmer, Deepak Bhamidipati, Randa Barsoom, Jenna Skowronski, James Evans, Kevin Judy, Christopher Farrell, David Andrews, Jon Glass, Maria Werner-Wasik, Wenyin Shi, Lyndon Kim
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BACKGROUND: Recurrent glioma has a poor prognosis and largely recurs within the irradiated volume. Improvements in radiosensitization are needed. The utility of concurrent temozolomide with hypofractionated radiotherapy for recurrent glioma is undefined. METHODS: 103 consecutive patients treated with re-irradiation (re-RT) for recurrent glioma between 2010-2014 were analyzed. Patients were excluded if they had incomplete records (n = 20) or initially treated for LGG or AO (n = 21). 62 met inclusion criteria and separated into two groups: re-RT plus concurrent TMX (n = 17) and Re-RT alone (n = 45). OS and survival from re-RT were estimated using Kaplan Meier plots and compared using Log-rank tests. RESULTS: The median age was 55.5 yo for re-RT alone and 56 yo for the re-RT + TMZ. The median KPS was 85 and 90, for the re-RT alone and re-RT + TMZ groups, respectively. Gr3 histology comprised 35% of patients in the re-RT group and 12% in the re-RT + TMZ group. Additional therapy (chemotherapy and/or bevacizumab) was given in 32 % of patients in the re-RT group and 47% of the RT + TMZ group. 51% had repeat surgery in RT alone group and 6% in re-RT + TMZ group. The median dose of RT was 35 Gy in 10 fractions. Oral temozolomide was administered 75 mg/m2 for fourteen days during RT. OS for patients receiving re-RT alone was 21.8 months compared to 24.7 months for patients in the re-RT + TMZ group (p = 0.03, HR 0.5 [0.3-0.9]). Survival from re-RT was 17.5 months for the re-RT +TMZ group and 7 months for the re-RT group (p = 0.0025, HR 0.4 [0.2-0.7]. CONCLUSIONS: Survival was significantly higher in the group receiving re-RT + TMZ compared to re-RT alone. The cohort of patients receiving re-RT + TMZ was small and there may be selection bias. Re-RT with concurrent TMZ may be a viable option for well selected patients. Further studies are needed.
Allopurinol-Induced Orotidinuria
Authors: Elizabeth R. Hauser, Janice E. Finkelstein, David Valle, Saul W. Brusilow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Ornithine carbamoyltransferase is an X-linked mitochondrial enzyme expressed in hepatocytes and enterocytes. A deficiency of this enzyme results in central nervous system dysfunction, which may be fatal in newborn boys. Milder forms are seen in older boys and girls and in adults. Establishing the carrier status of women at risk for ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency is important for determining reproductive and medical risks for affected women. We report a test to establish the carrier status of women at risk for ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency. This test relies on the allopurinol-induced accumulation of orotidine, whose synthesis is stimulated by carbamoyl phosphate, a substrate that accumulates in ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency.
Effect of Enol-Ether Derivatives of Dihydrotestosterone on 3-Met hylcholanthrene-Induced Rat Mammary Carcinoma
Authors: A ERCOLI, G BRIZIARELLI
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)

A series of enol ethers of dihydrotestosterone, described for the first time and showing low androgenic activity, was tested against hormone-dependent adenocarcinomas that had been induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by oral administration of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA). Two types of tests were conducted: The prevention test was designed to determine whether the enol ethers of dihydrotestosterone, given intramuscularly for 50 days, are effective in delaying the average time of the appearance of tumors induced by 10 mg of 3-MCA. This was administered orally and simultaneously with the steroid. The regression test evaluated the diminutive effect of the enol ethers, given intramuscularly for 30 days, on mammary cancers induced by 3-MCA. The prevention test showed that most of the enol ethers of dihydrotestosterone efficiently reduced the incidence and delayed the appearance of mammary cancers. In the regression test some of the enol ethers diminished the tumor size to a degree equal to, or even greater than, that observed after ovariectomy or the application of dihydrotestosterone. The regressions were histologically consistent with atrophy of epithelium and sclerosis. The maximal antitumor effect was displayed by dihydrotestosterone enol ethers with an alcohol moiety of 8 or 12 carbon atoms.
Astroviruses as a Cause of Gastroenteritis in Children
Authors: John E. Herrmann, David N. Taylor, Peter Echeverri, Neil R. Blacklow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Infection with astroviruses has been associated with gastroenteritis in children, and serologic surveys indicate that this infection may be frequent. The importance of astroviruses as agents of gastroenteritis has not been shown in a controlled study, however.
Detection of Small Numbers of Monoclonal B Lymphocytes in the Blood of Patients with Lymphoma
Authors: Kenneth A. Ault
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

The definition of complete remission and early relapse in patients with lymphoid malignancy is complicated by the difficulty of recognizing the presence of small numbers of malignant lymphocytes in a population of normal lymphocytes. We have used a method based on the cytofluorometric detection of lymphocytes having homogeneous amounts of surface immunoglobulin of one light-chain class to study blood from patients with lymphomas. The test is capable of reliably detecting 10 per cent or less of monoclonal B lymphocytes in normal blood, and it shows a high incidence (30 to 40 per cent) of previously unsuspected monoclonal B lymphocytes in patients who were thought to have no abnormal blood cells according to standard morphologic technics. The ability to estimate the number of such cells may facilitate the planning of therapy and make more meaningful the concept of complete remission. (N Engl J Med 300:1401–1405, 1979)
Fatal complications from combined modality therapy in Hodgkin's disease: age is not a risk factor.
Authors: G A Gomez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1986.4.1.114 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3941330 Fatal complications from combined modality therapy in Hodgkin's disease: age is not a risk factor. G A GomezxG A GomezSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1986.4.1.114 PDF "Fatal complications from combined modality therapy in Hodgkin's disease: age is not a risk factor.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 4(1), pp. 114–115© 1986 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Reply: Alopecia areata treatment with simvastatin/ezetimibe
Authors: Carol Lattouf, Lawrence A. Schachner, Tongyu C. Wikramanayake, Carol Kittles, Antonella Tosti, Mariya Miteva, Joaquin J. Jimenez, Ingrid Herskovitz, Marc Z. Handler, Gabriella Fabbrocini
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2016)
B-Cell Translocation Gene 1 Serves As a Novel Prognostic Indicator of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: M. Kanda, D. Shimizu, H. Sugimoto, H. Oya, S. Hibino, H. Takami, R. Hashimoto, Y. Okamura, S. Yamada, T. Fujii, G. Nakayama, M. Koike, S. Nomoto, M. Fujiwara, Y. Kodera
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
A phase I/II NCCTG trial of escalating doses of twice daily thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) in limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LSCLC)
Authors: Y. I. Garces, S. H. Okuno, S. E. Schild, S. J. Mandrekar, J. A. Mailliard, S. P. Kahanic, R. M. Rao, D. F. Moore, T. F. Kozelsky, J. R. Jett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

7163 Background: The primary goal of the phase I portion of this trial was to identify the maximum tolerable dose(MTD) of TRT that can be given concurrently with etoposide(E), cisplatin(P), and amifostine for LSCLC patients(pts). Methods: Pts eligible for this study included those with LSCLC, ECOG performance scores 0–2, adequate pulmonary and laboratory functions who were able to provide informed consent. The treatment regimen consisted of 2 cycles of topotecan(1mg/m2) days 1–5 and paclitaxel(175 mg/m2) day 5 (q 3 weeks). TRT was required to begin at 6 weeks. The TRT was given in 120 cGy fractions BID and the dose escalation followed the cohorts of 3 design (see table below). The E(50mg/day) and P(3mg/m2) were given before the morning and amifostine(200mg/m2) was given before the afternoon radiation fractions. This was followed by 2 more cycles of topotecan + paclitaxel, and then PCI. The dose-limiting toxicities(DLTs) were defined as >grade 4 hematologic(for >5 days), febrile neutropenia, esophagitis or other non-hematologic toxicity(not manageable with IV fluids, narcotics or NG tubes), or >grade 3 dyspnea, or >grade 2 pneumonitis, or any significant late toxicity post TRT attributable to TRT. Results: 15 pts (median age 67) were evaluable for DLT analysis. During TRT, 9(60%) patients had a grade >3 non-heme toxicity and 5(33%) pts had a grade > 3 heme toxicity. Three pts experienced DLTs: 1 patient had a grade 4 pneumonitis and dyspnea (dose level 4), and 2 pts had significant late toxicity (post TRT)[one grade 3 dysphagia-esophageal not manageable with interventions causing patient to go off study(dose level 3), and one grade 5 hypoxia(dose level 4)]. The median follow-up for the 7 surviving pts is 16.8 months. Conclusions: The MTD of BID TRT on this Phase I trial was 6000 cGy (BID) with EP & amifostine. The Phase II portion of this study is underway. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Comparable Resistance of Normal and Malignant Rodent Cells to Diphtheria Toxin 2
Authors: Catharine B. Saelinger, Peter F. Bonventre
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Malignant transformation of rodent cells did not alter their response to the cytotoxic action of diphtheria toxin (DT). Resistance of transformed mouse and rat cells was comparable to that of normal cells from these toxin-resistant species as judged by an in vitro assay with the use of monolayer cultures. The median tissue culture dose for inhibition of protein synthesis in a variety of normal and malignant rodent cell lines was more than 3.0 log10 units higher than that for human tissue cultures. These comparative values were consistent with the relative toxin resistance or susceptibility of the cells originating from the respective animal species. The malignant status of mammalian cells, therefore, had no meaningful bearing on the susceptibility of that cell to the cytotoxic action of DT. Determinants of toxin sensitivity or resistance apparently reside at the level of the plasma membrane but are unrelated to surface properties associated with malignant cells.
Molecular Monitoring of Minimal Residual Disease in Follicular and Mantle Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas Treated With High-Dose Chemotherapy and Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cell Autografting
Authors: Paolo Corradini, Monica Astolfi, Cristina Cherasco, Marco Ladetto, Claudia Voena, Daniele Caracciolo, Alessandro Pileri, Corrado Tarella
Journal: Blood (1997)
Expression of Mason-Pfizer and Simian Type C Viruses in the Presence of 5-lododeoxyuridine and Dexamethasone2
Authors: M. Ahmed, G. Schidlovsky, K. R. Harewood, M. Manousos, S. A. Mayyasi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Production of infectious Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV) was enhanced after treatment of the CMMT cell line with 2.5 x 10(-5) M dexamethasone phosphate (DXM). The reverse transcriptase (RT) activity and infectivity titers of treated culture fluids were enhanced by five- and tenfold, respectively. Along with stimulation of M-PMV synthesis, a simian type C virus (SCV) was also detected by electron microscopic and RT analyses. The SCV was serologically related to the endogenous baboon type C virus. 5-iododeoxyuridine (IUDR) also activated the SCV in the CMMT cell line while significantly inhibiting the production of infectious M-PMV. The activation of endogenous SCV by IUDR or DXM was transitory, since removal of these compounds from the growth medium resulted in the disappearance of SCV buds and the related RT activity; however, low levels of specific viral structural proteins continued to be synthesized intracellularly. Similarly, the enhancement of M-PMV production seen with DXM was lost when the treated cells were subcultured for 2 weeks in the absence of the hormone.