tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Niacin Compared with Ezetimibe
Authors: Raphaël Duivenvoorden, Menno Vergeer, John J P Kastelein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

To the Editor: Taylor and colleagues (Nov. 26 is­ sue)1 find that the use of extended­release niacin causes a significant regression of carotid intima– media thickness when combined with a statin. We agree with Kastelein and Bots in the accompany­ ing editorial2 that the results of the ARBITER 6–HALTS (Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol 6–HDL and LDL Treatment Strategies) trial do not clarify whether the beneficial effects of niacin are the result of the effects of the drug on high­ density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low­density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, remnant particles, Lp(a) lipoprotein, or inflammation. However, we also wish to highlight the effect of niacin on blood pressure as a possible mechanism for the differences in carotid intima–media thickness found in the trial. More than 85% of the patients in the trial were hypertensive. Niacin has been shown to be significant in lowering blood pressure in hyper­ tensive patients, an effect that may be responsi­ ble for some of its cardiovascular benefits.3 In contrast, ezetimibe is not known to have such pleiotropic effects. This effect on blood pressure is particularly important when using common carotid intima– media thickness as an end point; previous studies have suggested that blood pressure has a greater influence on this measure than LDL cholesterol, particularly when cholesterol levels are low.4,5 Did Taylor and colleagues note any difference in blood pressure between the two treatment groups at the end of the trial?
Deep-Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Francisco Escamilla-Sevilla, Adolfo Minguez-Castellanos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

To the Editor: In their study of two targets for deep-brain stimulation, Follett et al. (June 3 issue) 1 report similar improvement in motor function and quality of life at 2 years among patients receiving pallidal stimulation and those receiving subthalamic stimulation.They observed between-group differences in medication changes and in two measures of neurocognitive function and mood and proposed the consideration of nonmotor factors in target selection, as previously suggested in nonrandomized comparative studies. 2,3 However, we missed a multivariate analysis to identify subgroups of patients for whom one approach or the other might be more advantageous.Data on the influence of age, dyskinesia threshold dose, 2,3 cognitive or mood status, and nonmotor fluctuations 4 could help clinicians individualize selection of the optimal target.Another pertinent factor may be body weight, which was not mentioned in the article, since weight gain has been reported consistently after subthalamic stimulation but to a lesser extent after pallidal stimulation.Because weight gain in patients who have undergone subthalamic stimulation may be partly related to diffusion of the electric current to the hypothalamus, 5 data on body weight would have not only clinical but also scientific relevance.
A granulocyte reactive monoclonal antibody, 1G10, identifies the Gal beta 1-4 (Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc (X determinant) expressed in HL-60 cells on both glycolipid and glycoprotein molecules
Authors: DL Urdal, TA Brentnall, ID Bernstein, SI Hakomori
Journal: Blood (1983)
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in multicentric Castleman's disease [see comments]
Authors: J Soulier, L Grollet, E Oksenhendler, P Cacoub, D Cazals-Hatem, P Babinet, MF d'Agay, JP Clauvel, M Raphael, L Degos, F Sigaux
Journal: Blood (1995)
Prenatal Antidepressant Use and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children
Authors: Alain Lesage, Fatoumata Binta Diallo
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
SP0242 The Role of Platelets and Platelet Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Rheumatology
Authors: E. Boilard
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Platelets are anucleated blood element highly potent at generating extracellular vesicles (EV) called microparticles (MPs). While EVs appear as an important means of intercellular communication, the complexity of the platelet MP cargo is starting to be delineated. Studies show that platelet MPs express a broad repertoire of nucleic acid (eg microRNA), transcription factors and organelles, such as respiratory-competent mitochondria. The MP cargo can be internalized into cells thereby modifying the recipient activity. Furthermore, mitochondria are thought to originate from the endosymbiosis of the Alphaproteobacterium <i>Rickettsia prowazekii</i> during the development of the eukaryotic cells. As mitochondria are released concomitantly with MPs from activated platelets, they can trigger highly potent pro-inflammatory signals. The platelet MP cargo is thus complex, and its contribution to pathology in rheumatic diseases must be considered. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
PWE-019 Polyp detection rate. does length matter?
Authors: J Segal, P Mills, SM Greenfield
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Polyp detection is a vital for any colonoscopist to reduce colon cancer risk. The USA National Polyp Study reported that endoscopic removal of all adenomas was associated with a 76–90% decrease in cancer incidence compared to 3 separate historic reference groups. Polyp detection rate (PDR) depends on factors such as withdrawal time and quality of bowel prep. Our study assessed whether the physical distance of the endoscopist to the live screen had a significant relationship to the PDR, the latter being a surrogate marker for adenoma detection rate. <h3>Method</h3> Using endoscopy reports we retrospectively compared the PDR at colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy in 2 separate hospitals each with 2 endoscopy rooms over a 12 month period. Endoscopists work cross site and across all rooms. The distances between the endoscopist and the screen were measured. In hospital A there is a marked difference in distance between the endoscopist to screen when comparing the two endoscopy rooms. In hospital B the endoscopist to screen distances are identical in the 2 rooms and we used this as a control group. A paired t test was used for statistical analysis Significance was set at p &lt; 0.01 <h3>Results</h3> In hospital A, 1,086 lower GI examinations were done in room 1 with a PDR of 35.3% with endoscopist to screen measurement at 219 cm. In room 2, 1,040 lower GI exams were done with a PDR of 45.4% and an endoscopist to screen measurement of 147 cm. The PDR was significantly higher in the room where the monitor was 72 cm closer to the endoscopist (p &lt; 0.00001). In hospital B, there were no significant differences in PDR detected at colonoscopy between the two endoscopy rooms (40% v 34.2%, monitor distance 190 cm). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Both JAG and the World Endoscopy Organisation have issued guidelines on the construction of an endoscopy unit. There is limited information on the significances of distances between an endoscopist and the screen. Our study highlights that this may be a factor to consider when designing an endoscopy room. The room with the closest screen had the highest PDR at colonoscopy. Our work suggests that the closer the endoscopist is to the screen the higher the polyp detection rate. More work may determine the optimum endoscopist to screen distance for PDR. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Winawer SJ, Zauber AG, Ho MN, <i>et al</i><i>. Prevention of colorectal cancer by colonoscopic polypectomy</i>. The National Polyp Study Workgroup. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1977 Mulder CJ, Jacobs, MAJM, <i>et al</i>. Guidelines for designing a digestive disease endoscopy.unit: report of the world endoscopy organization. Dig Endosc.2013;25:365–375 http://www.thejag.org.uk/downloads%5CUnit%20Resources%5CUsers%20guide%20to%20achieving%20a%20JAG%20compliant%20endoscopy%20environment.pdf
Ongoing large mumps outbreak in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, December 2010 to July 2011
Authors: M Hukic, J Ravlija, A Dedeic Ljubovic, A Moro, S Arapcic, C P Muller, J M Hübschen
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

From December 2010 until the end of July 2011, 5,261 mumps cases were recorded in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, leading to an incidence of 225.8 per 100,000. Fifteen to 19 year-olds (43%) were most affected and 62% of cases were male. Mumps-specific IgM antibodies were found in about 70% of sera investigated, complications were reported in 41% of 81 hospitalised patients. The outbreak affected mainly those unvaccinated or unaware of their vaccination status and is probably due to vaccination failures during the war and postwar period (1992–1998).
Section of Neurology: Cases Shown at the Clinical Meeting Held at the West End Hospital for Diseases of the Nervous System, Welbeck Street, W. 1, January 9, 1930: Specimen: Large Gliomatous Tumour in Right Temporo-sphenoidal Region and spreading extensively in Right Hemisphere
Authors: Macdonald Critchley
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1930)
AB0114 Prevalence of Antibodies Against Carbamylated Proteins in a Cohort of Italian Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: A. Pecani, C. Alessandri, M. Pendolino, R. Mancini, F.R. Spinelli, T. Colasanti, C. Barbati, D. Sabatinelli, M. Vomero, A. Mastrangelo, M. Di Franco, F. Conti, G. Valesini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Carbamylation is a protein post-translational modification that can induces the production of antibodies. These antibodies, known as antibodies against carbamylated proteins (anti-CarP), have been recently identified in the sera of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients (1-3). <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the prevalence of anti-CarP in a cohort of Italian RA patients. <h3>Methods</h3> 178 consecutive RA patients were recruited from the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic of Sapienza University of Rome. All patients were diagnosed according to the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria. Sixty-eight normal healthy subjects (NHS), sex and age matched, served as controls. Anti-CarP were detected by a solid phase "home-made" ELISA using carbamylated foetal calf serum as antigen (3). Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) were determined by using the ImmunoCAP instrument (ELiA CCP2 assay, Phadia, Milan, Italy), whereas immunonephelometry (Behering, Marburg, Germany) was performed for rheumatoid factor (RF), as routinely used in clinical practice. <h3>Results</h3> Anti-CarP were detected in 46.51% of the patients, anti-CCP in 63.3% while RF in 55.23% of them. Only 1 (1.47%) of the NHS was positive for anti-CarP, while none of them resulted positive for anti-CCP or RF. In RA patients, anti-CarP test showed a sensitivity of 45.93% (95, CI:38.32% to 53.68%) and a specificity of 98.53% (95%, CI:92.08%&gt;99.96%). Anti-CarP showed a higher prevalence in RA patients than in the NHS (p=0.0001). A significant correlation between anti-CarP and anti-CCP as well as anti-CarP and RF (p=0.0005 and p=0.00001 respectively) was found. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data confirm the presence of anti-CarP in the sera of RA patients. Their prevalence is significantly higher when compared to NHS. In this contest anti-CarP are highly specific for RA and correlate with anti-CCP and RF. <h3>References</h3> Stoop JN et al., PloS One 2014. Jang X et al., Ann Rheum Dis 2014. Shi J et al., Ann Rheum Dis 2014. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Stephen B. Whi, ppl.:e, Donald E. Manning
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1978)

Anorexia nervosa, a complicated and serious illness, warrants the comprehensive use of several treatment modalities: behavior therapy, individual psychotherapy and family therapy. Singular use of and of these three have resulted in high mortality rates. The importance of legal commitment in dealing with this illness is also discussed.
AB1124 4 Physician Global Assessments for Overallstatus, Inflammation, Damage, and “Neither” – with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Osteoarthritis (OA), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), and Fibromyalgia (FM) Patients, Seen in Usual Care
Authors: I. Castrejon, K.A. Gibson, R. Jain, A. Huang, J.A. Block, T. Pincus
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> A physician estimate of a patient9s global status (DOCGL) often is the most efficient of all 7 core data set measures to distinguish active from control treatments in clinical trials<sup>1</sup>. DOCGL is designated to assess inflammatory activity. However, DOCGL may be influenced by damage and chronic pain syndromes. Therefore, 3 new physician global (0-10) visual analog subscales (VAS) have been developed to assess subsets of physician estimates for (a) inflammation, (b) damage, and (c) "neither" (usually fibromyalgia/somatization). <h3>Objectives</h3> To analyze physician subscales for inflammation, damage and "neither" in patients with 4 rheumatic diseases, RA, OA, SLE, and FM, and to compute correlations of overall DOCGL with the 3 physician subscales and with patient global estimate (PATGL) in these 4 diagnosis groups. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients seen in routine care at one academic clinical setting by eight rheumatologists are assigned 4 global estimates ranging from 0 (none) to 10 (highest) VAS, including overall DOCGL, physician scores for inflammation, damage to any organ (e.g., joint, kidney), and "neither". A cross-sectional analysis was performed of a random visit between September and December 2014 of consecutive patients with 4 primary diagnoses: RA (n=108), OA (n=131), SLE (n=73), and FM (n=51). Results are presented as median and interquartile range (IQR) of non-normally distributed data. Spearman correlations were calculated to estimate associations of the overall DOCGL with subscales and PATGL in the 4 diagnosis groups. <h3>Results</h3> Median DOCGL ranged from 3 to 5, highest for patients with FM (5.0), followed by OA (4), RA (3.5), and SLE (3). The highest median score for inflammation was for patients with RA (1.5), for damage in patients with OA (4.2) and for "neither" in patients with FM (5.2) (Table). The highest correlation with DOCGL was seen for the inflammation subscale in RA, damage in OA, and "neither" in FM. In patients with SLE, correlations of three subscales with DOCGL were similar. DOCGL was correlated significantly with PATGL in RA, SLE, and OA, but not in FM. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Physician estimates for inflammation, damage, and "neither" differ according to different rheumatic diagnoses. These 3 subscales supplement the overall physician global estimate as a quantitative summary of the history and physical examination, to assess and monitor patients with rheumatic diseases in usual care. <h3>References</h3> Pincus T, Richardson B, Strand V, Bergman MJ. Relative efficiencies of the 7 rheumatoid arthritis Core Data Set measures to distinguish active from control treatments in 9 comparisons from clinical trials of 5 agents. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2014;32 Suppl 85(5):47-54. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography (E.R.C.P.) and Complicated Hepatic Hydatid Cyst in the Biliary Tract
Authors: V.F. Moreira Vicente, E. Meroño Garcia, M.A. Simon Marco
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

A complicated hepatic hydatid cyst in the biliary tract is a cause of cholestasis that we must consider in an endemic geographical area. ERCP is a valuable technique for its diagnosis. In our experience, this eventuality represents 2.6% of the indications for ERCP in biliary diseases.
Retracted: Effect of a high-fat Mediterranean diet on bodyweight and waist circumference: a prespecified secondary outcomes analysis of the PREDIMED randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ramon Estruch, Miguel Angel Martínez-González, Dolores Corella, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Montserrat Fitó, Gemma Chiva-Blanch, Miquel Fiol, Enrique Gómez-Gracia, Fernando Arós, José Lapetra, Lluis Serra-Majem, Xavier Pintó, Pilar Buil-Cosiales, José V Sorlí, Miguel A Muñoz, Josep Basora-Gallisá, Rosa María Lamuela-Raventós, Mercè Serra-Mir, Emilio Ros
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2016)
Temporal Modulation of Stem Cell Activity Using Magnetoactive Hydrogels
Authors: Amr A. Abdeen, Junmin Lee, N. Ashwin Bharadwaj, Randy H. Ewoldt, Kristopher A. Kilian
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Cell activity is coordinated by dynamic interactions with the extracellular matrix, often through stimuli-mediated spatiotemporal stiffening and softening. Dynamic changes in mechanics occur in vivo through enzymatic or chemical means, processes which are challenging to reconstruct in cell culture materials. Here a magnetoactive hydrogel material formed by embedding magnetic particles in a hydrogel matrix is presented whereby elasticity can be modulated reversibly by attenuation of a magnetic field. Orders of magnitude change in elasticity using low magnetic fields are shown and reversibility of stiffening with simple permanent magnets is demonstrated. The broad applicability of this technique is demonstrated with two therapeutically relevant bioactivities in mesenchymal stem cells: secretion of proangiogenic molecules, and dynamic control of osteogenesis. The ability to reversibly stiffen cell culture materials across the full spectrum of soft tissue mechanics, using simple materials and commercially available permanent magnets, makes this approach viable for a broad range of laboratory environments.
Citation patterns in anxiety disorders research in 14 journals: 1990- 1991
Authors: B J Cox, I Wessel, G R Norton, R P Swinson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

The authors reviewed the distribution of citations in 278 anxiety disorder studies published in 14 journals in 1990 and 1991. Although both psychiatrists and psychologists frequently authored studies, few journals showed evidence of a substantial interdisciplinary perspective. The 278 anxiety disorder studies contained 3,199 references to articles in the 14 journals. There was a high percentage of "self-citation" in some of the journals and only limited evidence of citations across journal and author disciplines. These findings suggest that anxiety disorder research findings are often not widely disseminated across disciplines.
Correspondence
Authors: Kevin D. Mullen, Karen M. Szauter, Arthur J. McCullough, Warren D. Lo, David L. McNeely, Steven R. Ennis, Gary W. Goldstein, Lorris A. Betz, Michael J. Henderson, Michael H. Kutner, Dean W. Warren, Josep Terés, Michael S. Myslobodsky, Gül Baktir, Hans U. Fisch, Georg Karlaganis, Christoph Minder, Johannes Bircher
Journal: Hepatology (1988)
NEUROSYPHILIS
Authors: WILLIAM H. TIMBERLAKE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1955)

The use of cardiolipin antigen especially in quantitative serologic techniques is highly satisfactory for the diagnosis and in following the course of treatment in syphilis. Persistent positive serology is not an indication for retreatment. A positive TPI test with a negative serologic test enables one to make a retrospective diagnosis of syphilis. The exceptions to a diagnosis of "false positive" serology when the TPI is negative are the patients whose syphilis was treated in the early stage before TPI antibody could develop and a few patients with obvious late syphilis. When a chronic "false positive" serology has been identified the collagen diseases should be sought. We still lack a technique that will indicate the survival of treponemes in the host following treatment. Six-hundred thousand units of procaine penicillin G given daily to a total of 9 million units is the treatment of choice for neurosyphilis. This may be superseded soon by doses of benzyl amine penicillins half this size, and causing fewer side effects. The major problem of syphilology now is the increasing difficulty of early case finding and control.
SURVEYS OF IMMUNITY TO POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: R R GRINKER
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The decade since the introduction of active immunization against poliomyelitis has seen not only a greater-than-90% reduction in the incidence of the disease but also a radical change in its epidemiological characteristics. Formerly, the illness had no respect for social class or place of residence; now, with rare exceptions, epidemics have been limited to sharply demarcated geographic areas occupied by economically depressed and ethnically isolated population groups. The reason for this shift in epidemiological pattern is explained by the development of new and simplified methods of conducting immunization surveys.<sup>1</sup>It is now possible to plan, conduct, and complete a survey for an entire city in less than two weeks. More than 100 such surveys conducted since 1958 have revealed the consistently sharp correlation of the level of immunization with socioeconomic status, particularly for the preschool age group. Recent outbreaks of poliomyelitis have occurred almost exclusively within poorly immunized populations. Thus,
Birth month and risk of atopic dermatitis: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: C. L. Kuo, T. L. Chen, C. C. Liao, C. C. Yeh, C. L. Chou, W. R. Lee, J. G. Lin, C. C. Shih
Journal: Allergy (2016)

An individual's birth month has been associated with allergic diseases, but little is known about the association between birth month and atopic dermatitis (AD).The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of AD in children born in various months.Using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we conducted a case-control study that included 31 237 AD cases and 124 948 age- and gender-matched controls without AD. Data regarding sociodemographic factors and coexisting medical conditions were collected and controlled in the multivariate logistic regression to determine the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for AD associated with the participant's birth month.Compared with people born in May, people born in December had the highest risk of AD (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.10-1.25), followed by people born in October (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.08-1.22) and November (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06-1.20). Low income (OR 1.28), asthma (OR 1.88), allergic rhinitis (OR 1.70), psoriasis (OR 2.36), vitiligo (OR 1.99), urticaria (OR 2.14), and systemic lupus erythematosus (OR 1.91) were significant coexisting medical conditions associated with AD.Being born in December, October, or November may be associated with an increased risk of AD. Future investigations are needed to evaluate the possible mechanism behind the association between birth month and AD.