tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SAT0404 Efficacy and Safety of Hydrodissection of Median Nerve as a Treatment of Idiopathic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: M. A. Mortada, A. Solyman, S. B. Elsayed, M. A. Hassan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objective</h3> To compare the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) with the Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3) from 2 large United States registries. <h3>Methods</h3> Using a cross section of clinic visits within 2 registries, we determined whether the outcome of each metric would place the patient in remission (REM), low (LDA), moderate (MDA), or high disease activity (HDA) using the CDAI, with the assumption that a patient in MDA or HDA would be a candidate for acceleration of treatment. <h3>Results</h3> We identified significant disparities between the 2 indices in final disease categorization using each index system. For patients identified in LDA by CDAI, RAPID3 identified 20.4% and 28.3% as LDA in Corrona and the Brigham and Women’s Rheumatoid Arthritis Sequential Study (BRASS), respectively. For patients identified as MDA by CDAI, RAPID3 identified 36.2% and 31.1% as MDA in Corrona and BRASS, respectively, with the greatest disparities within each system identified for LDA and MDA activity by the CDAI (20.4% and 36.2% agreement of RAPID3 with CDAI, respectively, in Corrona and 28.3% and 31.1% agreement in BRASS). Overall comparison between CDAI and RAPID3 in the 4 disease categories resulted in estimated κ = 0.285 in both. The RAPID3 scores indicated the potential for treat-to-target acceleration in 34.4% of patients in REM or LDA based on CDAI in Corrona and 27.7% in BRASS, respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The RAPID3, based on patient-reported outcomes, shows differences with CDAI categories of disease activity. The components of CDAI are not highly correlated with RAPID3, except for patient global assessment. These differences could significantly affect the decision to advance treatment when using a treat-to-target regimen.
Management of Dissecting Aneurysms of the Aorta
Authors: David C. Sabiston
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Since Morgagni first described the pathological findings of aortic dissecting aneurysms in 1761, this disorder has been recognized as a serious and often fatal condition. The grave prognosis accompanying the natural history of these dissections was emphasized in 1958 by Hirst and his associates in a report of more than 500 patients.1 In this series, death occurred within 24 hours in 20 per cent, and within two weeks in 60 per cent, and by three months, 90 per cent had succumbed. This bleak outlook began to change in 1955, when De Bakey and his co-workers described a successful surgical approach. . . .
Randomized phase III study comparing standard TIW and weekly dosage of epoetin alfa with 2 weeks loading dose: Preliminary results
Authors: E. Cortesi, S. Ricci, G. Ucci, G. Cruciani, F. de Marinis, S. Orecchia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

8215 Background: Epoetin alfa efficacy in anemic cancer patients has already been proved by both open-label and placebo-controlled clinical trials. The standard treatment, 10.000 IU TIW in Europe and 40.000 QW in USA, yields a reproducible response of 1 g/dl Hb in 4 weeks and about 2 g/dl Hb in 8 weeks, being the mean baseline Hb near 10.0 g/dl. No data is available on the comparison of the two randomized schedules. Aim: The present study compares 10.000 IU TIW treatment with a loading dose of 40.000 IU twice a week administered for the first two weeks followed by 40.000 IU QW to the end of chemotherapy schedule. The main endpoint is the response to the different schedules of epoetin alfa measured after 2 weeks. Severely anemic cancer patients (baseline Hb≤9.5 g/dl) represent the study population of the present trial. Results: The study recruited 202 patients, main diagnoses being breast, lung and colorectal cancer. Data on the first 64 patients is available so far. Baseline Hb level was similar for both groups being 8.9 g/dl for 10.000 IU and 9.1 g/dl for 40.000 IU group. After 2-weeks treatment Hb level was respectively 9.4 g/dl and 9.9 g/dl with an increase of 0.48 g/dl in the 10000 IU arm and 0.82 g/dl in the loading arm. A statistically significant difference has been observed as early as week two (p<0.001; Repeated Measures ANOVA, W-B Design and Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparison test). Data on long-term comparison between groups will be available for ASCO meeting. Conclusion: After two-weeks treatment, 4 doses of epoetin alfa 40.000 IU allow a quicker and sustained response with respect to standard dosage. Data on the comparison between 10.000 IU TIW and 40.000 IU QW in terms of haematological response and QoL will be presented. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Ortho-Biotech Ortho-Biotech
Autochthonous falciparum malaria possibly transmitted by luggage-carried vector in Paris, France, February 2013
Authors: S Gallien, F Taieb, S Hamane, N De Castro, J M Molina
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

We report a case of autochthonous falciparum malaria in a patient in Paris, France, in February 2013 who reported no recent travel to malaria-endemic countries. The parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, was possibly transmitted by an infective Anopheles mosquito carried in baggage from a malaria-endemic area.
THU0292 Ct- Guided Disco–Vertebral Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Infectious Spondylodiscitis
Authors: K. Ben Abdelghani, M. Slouma, L. Souabni, S. Kassab, S. Chekili, A. Laatar, L. Zakraouui
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Infectious spondylodiscitis is a common cause of febrile back pain. CT- guided disco-vertebral biopsy (DVB) can provide the diagnosis of infectious spondylodiscitis and facilitate the identification of the causative micro-organism. DVB is considered as the main investigation for etiologic diagnosis. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of CT-guided DVB in the diagnosis of infectious spondylodiscitis in Tunisia. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective study effectuated in the department of Rheumatology in Tunisia between 1995 and 2013. We reviewed the medical records of all patients diagnosed with infectious spondylodiscitis and who underwent DVB. <h3>Results</h3> CT-guided DVB was performed in 36 patients leading to the diagnosis in 22 cases (61%). DVB was practiced in 23 patients with tuberculous spondylodiscitis and it confirmed diagnosis in 12 cases. Histological examination showed a giganto-cellular granuloma in all cases. Caseous necrosis was noted in only 4 cases and alcohol resistant bacillus was isolated in 2 cases. CT-guided DVB was performed in 10 cases of pyogenic spondylodiscitis. The causative agent was isolated in all cases. Bacteriological tests revealed two germs in two cases. The micro-organism identified was: Staphylococcus in 4 cases, Grams negative germs in 5 cases and streptococcus in 3 cases. In brucella spondylodiscitis, DVB was performed in 3 and showed a non specific remodeling in all cases. The diagnosis of brucella spondylodiscitis was established basing on clinical, radiological and bacteriological features especially Wright9s serologic test. The DVB wasn9t conclusive in 14 cases, showing non-specific inflammation. All patients underwent adapted antibiotics. <h3>Conclusions</h3> As the treatment of infectious spondylodisctis is based on appropriate antibiotic therapy, the identification of the causative micro-organism is necessary. Our study showed that DVB was frequently conclusive in pyogenic infection. However, in tuberculous and brucella spondylodiscitis, clinical, biological and radiological data are as important as the DVB. <h3>References</h3> N. Hopkinson, J. Stevenson, S. Benjamin. A case ascertainment study of septic discitis: clinical, microbiological and radiological features. Q J Med 2001; 94: 465-470. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> : None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5458
Abdominal Abscess Detected by Lumbar Bone Densitometry Examination
Authors: RICHARD P. SPENCER, DENISE P. SZIGETI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

A 59-year-old man had radiation therapy for rectal carcinoma. Because of ensuing bowel problems and poor nutritional intake, he was referred for a bone densitometry examination. The lumbar area revealed massive uptake adjacent to and behind the vertebral column. This proved to be an intraabdominal abscess. The aberrant collection was no longer noticeable after drainage of the abscess.
Molecular Mimicry and Autoimmunity
Authors: Lori J. Albert, Robert D. Inman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Autoimmune disease is the consequence of an immune response against self-antigens that results in the damage and eventual dysfunction of target organs. Although the triggering event in most autoimmune diseases is unknown, an infectious cause has long been postulated to explain the development of autoimmunity. Molecular mimicry is one mechanism by which infectious agents (or other exogenous substances) may trigger an immune response against autoantigens. According to this hypothesis a susceptible host acquires an infection with an agent that has antigens that are immunologically similar to the host antigens but differ sufficiently to induce an immune response when presented to . . .
Utilization of health and mental health services in a large insured population
Authors: B Liptzin, D A Regier, I D Goldberg
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

The authors analyzed 1975 data on the use of health and mental health services by the 2.3 million people covered by Michigan Blue Cross and Blue Shield. Only 4.6% of the covered population submitted hospital or physician claims for mental disorder; these people accounted for 7.3% of total hospital and physician charges for all health services in the covered population. According to the claims submitted, nonpsychiatric physicians saw almost half of all patients who were given a diagnosis of mental disorder, but psychiatrists accounted for the great bulk of mental health services and charges to these patients. High utilizers comprise a small proportion of all patients but account for a high proportion of charges for mental disorders and for all diagnoses.
Abstract 4344: Virus-templated magnetic nanowires for tumor-targeted imaging
Authors: Debadyuti Ghosh, Youjin Lee, Kimberly Kelly, Angela Belcher
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract In an effort towards early tumor detection, various diagnostic probes, such as tumor marker-specific fluorescent and magnetic nanoparticles, have been developed. Nanoparticles detected using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is an attractive approach due to its non-invasiveness. Current work has focused on single functionalized spherical nanoparticle systems, one example being cross-linked iron oxide nanoparticles (CLIO). However, these ‘shaped’ particles can be cleared by the reticuloendothelial system upon intravenous injection due to opsonization. Recent work suggests that longer filamentous shaped structures can persist almost 10 times longer in circulation in vivo compared to spherical particles. For clinical diagnostics, it would be desirable to engineer filamentous shaped imaging agents that allow for longer circulation and better homing towards the tumor before immune clearance. M13 filamentous bacteriophage can potentially allow for longer circulation of the imaging agents. Recent work indicates that the virus can circulate in vivo for at least 24 hours compared to the 5-6 hour circulation of various spherical particles (unpublished data). Using the M13 virus as a scaffold, we can uniquely combine multiple nanoparticles with engineered cell-targeting peptide ligands for tumor-targeted imaging. Exploiting the multiple coat proteins on M13 amenable for peptide display, we have genetically engineered peptides that bind iron oxide nanoparticles (γ-Fe2O3 NPs) and that target secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), a protein overexpressed in metastatic prostate and breast cancers. We have been able to assemble monocrystalline, monodisperse γ-Fe2O3 NPs along the virus coat and demonstrate enhanced MR contrast properties, compared to commercially available CLIO. We have investigated specific targeting against prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. There is a decrease in transverse relaxation times (‘dark contrast’) using targeted nanowires compared to negative control and is specific towards SPARC positive C4-2B cell line compared to DU145 control. SPARC-targeted nanowires were injected intravenously in LNCaP and C4-2B and control DU145 xenograft tumors. MR images indicate dark image contrast in SPARC expressing tumors, compared to control. Histology suggests iron accumulation in the stroma and capsule of SPARC-positive tumors compared to control, suggesting tumor targeting in vivo. These virus-templated probes may have potential as long circulating, targeted non-invasive imaging agents for the early detection of tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4344.
Spotlight on measles 2010: Increased measles transmission in Ferrara, Italy, despite high vaccination coverage, March to May 2010
Authors: M Cova, A Cucchi, G Turlà, B Codecà, O Buriani, G Gabutti
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

We report an increase in the incidence of measles in a population with consistently high and improving immunisation coverage in Ferrara province, northern Italy. During the first six months of 2010, 19 cases were confirmed, 10 of which were hospitalised. General practitioners, paediatricians and local healthcare authorities were alerted about the outbreak and asked to notify all suspected cases. We need to further increase immunisation coverage and to maintain and implement the monitoring system.
Tips for Leaders, Part II
Authors: Jay A. Harolds
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Leaders of private practice groups face many challenges. Establishing proper governance, having a good mission statement and business plan, having good participation by the members in administrative practice activities, and establishing proper channels of communication are some important steps. Once that is done, efficient decision making can be done regarding issues of finance, operations, keeping existing business, and finding new opportunities. Who is chosen to be the leader of such a group is less dependent on their field of specialization, but more dependent on their leadership skills. Nuclear medicine physicians interested in the future of their group and field should seek opportunities to learn leadership skills by experience and education.
ECT use for a patient with malignant hyperthermia
Authors: R D Franks, B Aoueille, M C Mahowald, N Masson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

The authors used dantrolene as a prophylactic during ECT with a depressed patient susceptible to malignant hyperthermia. Succinylcholine and tricyclic and MAO-inhibiting antidepressants can precipitate malignant hyperthermia and were thus avoided.
EUS of assessment of primary tumor spread and response to preoperative treatment in patients with esophagus cancer
Authors: O Malikhova, B Poddubniy, U Kuvshinov, V Bohyan, E Suleymanov, I Stilidy
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

The aim to assess the efficacy of clinical staging (depth of tumor invasion and metastatic involvement of regional lymph nodes) after preoperative chemotherapy by EUS.
Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Penis with Human Papillomavirus
Authors: Husein Husein-El Ahmed, Guillermo A Cañadas-De la Fuente
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

A 54-year-old man presented with a polypoid mass involving the right side of the penis glans that had developed over a period of about 8 months. The lesion was itchy with purulent secretions and was associated with a swollen right inguinal lymph node and a weight loss of 9 kg.
Immunosuppression Associated With SJL/J Murine Lymphoma. I. Suppression of Cell-Mediated Immune Responses After Tumor Transplantation&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R K Kumar, A W Lykke, R Penny
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

The proliferative responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes of inbred SJL/J mice to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A were evaluated serially in individual animals before and after induction of lymphomas by transplantation. Tumor-bearing mice exhibited marked suppression of mitogen responsiveness. Proliferative responses in mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell culture and mixed lymphocyte culture were also suppressed. Suppression of responses was tumor related, and responsiveness was restored in animals whose tumors regressed. There was no deficiency of responder T-cells in the peripheral blood of tumor-bearing animals, and suppressor cell activity was not demonstrable in a number of in vitro assays. However, plasma from tumor-bearing animals exhibited potent immunosuppressive activity. The presence of plasma suppressive activity was similarly tumor related. Thus this study demonstrates nonspecific suppression of cell-mediated immune responses following tumor induction, apparently mediated by a plasma suppressor factor.
Brief Report: Summary of CMA Glycol Ether Research Activities
Authors: J. P. Lyon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA) rep? resents the chemical industry in America. Membership in the Association is open to manufacturers of chemicals who sell a substantial portion of the chemicals they produce to others. The Association includes about 200 member companies, most of whom operate in the United States, with a few based in Canada. The size of CMAs member companies and the products they make are as varied as chemistry itself. Together, they repre? sent a major portion of the productive capacity of the industry. The Association administers special research and advocacy efforts frequently involving only a single product line. The projects probe for potential hazards from chemicals, providing information essential for protecting employees and the public. Some 23 projects are currently underway, funded by voluntary subscrip? tion from member companies. Eight manufacturers of glycol ethers established the Glycol Ethers Program Panel under the auspices of the CMA in 1980. The companies participating in the program are Dow Chemical USA, ICI Americas Inc, Olin Corporation, PPG Industries, Shell Chemical Company, Tennessee Eastman Company, Texaco Chemi-
Abstract 2523: BRAF is not the only predictor of sensitivity <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> for TAK-733, a selective potent inhibitor of MEK1/2
Authors: Shawn M. O'Connell, Shuntarou Tsuchiya, Lihong Shi, Robyn Fabrey, Lilly Zhang, Qing Dong, Akira Hori, Patrick Vincent
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract MEK has emerged as an attractive target for pharmacologic intervention in cancer as the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK cascade has proven to play a central role in the signaling required for cellular transformation and proliferation. Inhibition of MEK impacts a diverse array of additional cellular events, including differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Identification of an orally active inhibitor of MEK which shows significant efficacy as a mono-therapy for the treatment of cancer would be ideal. TAK-733 is a potent non-ATP competitive allosteric inhibitor of MEK1/2 with IC50 values for the inhibition of MEK1/2 signaling of 2-5 nM at high (400 μM) and low (10 μM) ATP concentrations. TAK-733 was selective for mammalian MEK-1/2 in a panel of 71 enzyme assays. These included phosphodiesterases, 17 kinases (IC50 values &amp;gt;25 µM), cyclases, and 14 other enzymes (IC50 values &amp;gt;10 µM). Using an MTS (a tetrazolium salt) viability assay, TAK-733 was found to inhibit proliferation of numerous cancer cell lines expressing BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, PI3K, MEK1, EGFR mutations, cMET amplification, and wild type MAPK signaling with EC50 values ranging from 2 to 90 nM. A quantitative PK/PD relationship was established in the HT-29 human colorectal carcinoma murine xenograft model. This model showed a range of PD activity (ie, from no effect to maximum effect) which correlated well with tumor and plasma TAK-733 concentrations. The relationship between TAK-733 plasma concentration (PK) and target modulation (PD) was evaluated by modeling percent inhibition of tumor ERK phosphorylation and plasma TAK-733 concentrations at 4 hours postdose, using an inhibitory sigmoidal concentration response model. The plasma EC50 was calculated to be 45 ng/mL. TAK-733 exhibited broad-spectrum in vivo antitumor activity against a panel of human tumor xenografts with and without mutations in the MAPK pathway. These xenografts were of colon (COLO 205/ BRAF V600E and HT-29/ BRAF V600E/PI3K P449T), NSCLC (A549/ KRAS G12S, PC-9/ EGFRΔE746-A750, NCI-H1975/ EGFR L858R T790M), AML (HL-60/ NRAS), cholangio-carcinoma (EGI-1/ KRAS G12D) and melanoma (A375/ BRAF V600E) origins. A high incidence of tumor regressions was observed in this collection of cancer models. Collectively, preclinical pharmacology studies indicate TAK-733 is a specific inhibitor of MEK with the potential to significantly impair growth of a large number of cancers relying on the MAPK signaling cascade for growth and survival. and provides a strong rationale for study of this agent in clinical trials. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2523.
Twelve senior doctors back physician assisted suicide bill
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Twelve past presidents of medical royal colleges are backing the Assisted Dying Bill, which would allow terminally ill people to commit suicide with a doctor’s help.

In a letter to the Times newspaper, the 12 senior doctors said that the central issue was “whether a small group of very advanced terminally ill patients should be allowed this degree of control over the end of their life and if so, the process by which they can obtain the assistance they require within the law.”1 They believed that there was “a strong case” for legalising assisted dying for terminally ill, mentally competent adults.

Attempts to …
Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jeffrey S. Flier, Lisa H. Underhill, George S. Eisenbarth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

DURING the past decade a wealth of information concerning the pathogenesis of Type I diabetes has become available. Two spontaneous animal models of the disease have been discovered and characterized (the Biobreeding rat and the non-obese diabetic mouse); the importance of a gene or genes in the major histocompatibility complex in Type I diabetes of human beings, of mice, and of rats has been appreciated; and the prognostic importance of selected assays for islet-cell antibodies has been defined. T-cell abnormalities that precede diabetes have been discovered. Evidence has suggested that progressive loss of first-phase insulin secretion precedes diabetes, and immunologic . . .