tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Phenomenology of Major Depression and the Representativeness and Nature of DSM Criteria
Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2016)

How should DSM criteria relate to the disorders they are designed to assess? To address this question empirically, the author examines how well DSM-5 symptomatic criteria for major depression capture the descriptions of clinical depression in the post-Kraepelin Western psychiatric tradition as described in textbooks published between 1900 and 1960. Eighteen symptoms and signs of depression were described, 10 of which are covered by the DSM criteria for major depression or melancholia. For two symptoms (mood and cognitive content), DSM criteria are considerably narrower than those described in the textbooks. Five symptoms and signs (changes in volition/motivation, slowing of speech, anxiety, other physical symptoms, and depersonalization/derealization) are not present in the DSM criteria. Compared with the DSM criteria, these authors gave greater emphasis to cognitive, physical, and psychomotor changes, and less to neurovegetative symptoms. These results suggest that important features of major depression are not captured by DSM criteria. This is unproblematic as long as DSM criteria are understood to index rather than constitute psychiatric disorders. However, since DSM-III, our field has moved toward a reification of DSM that implicitly assumes that psychiatric disorders are actually just the DSM criteria. That is, we have taken an index of something for the thing itself. For example, good diagnostic criteria should be succinct and require minimal inference, but some critical clinical phenomena are subtle, difficult to assess, and experienced in widely varying ways. This conceptual error has contributed to the impoverishment of psychopathology and has affected our research, clinical work, and teaching in some undesirable ways.
Age of recognition of pervasive developmental disorder
Authors: F R Volkmar, D M Stier, D J Cohen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

In DSM-III, pervasive developmental disorder is divided into two major categories: infantile autism and childhood onset pervasive developmental disorder. The criteria differ, primarily, in the age of onset. The authors studied 129 patients who had received diagnoses of pervasive developmental disorder or a related disorder and found only five cases of apparent childhood onset pervasive developmental disorder. These five patients were behaviorally indistinguishable from those with other diagnoses. Practically, age of onset may be more appropriately termed "age of recognition," and its use as a major diagnostic criterion for such disorders may not be justified.
Brexit: the NHS is far safer inside the European Union
Authors: Martin McKee
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Is the survival of the NHS threatened by continued British membership of the European Union?You might easily believe this if you listen to those arguing for "Brexit."Their arguments focus, firstly, on the money that they say is denied to the NHS because of payments to the EU-a claim demolished by the Institute for Fiscal Studies, 1 the Treasury, 2 and many others-and, secondly, on what was, until recently, a rather obscure international trade agreement, the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), which if agreed would ease trade between the EU and the United States.Many of us have been seriously concerned about TTIP.Public services, such as health, social care, and education, long considered matters of national responsibility, could be opened up to international trade.Existing public providers simply would not be able to compete with the might of global corporations.TTIP would also disempower national governments, with their decisions open to challenge in the now notorious "investor state dispute settlement" process, where decisions are made in secret by arbitrators chosen by the parties involved.The concerns were real, and I've been among those calling attention to them. 3 But do they justify the United Kingdom withdrawing from the EU? Absolutely not.Leaving the EU would expose the NHS to much greater risk.
Noninvasive Ventilation and Outcomes Among Immunocompromised Patients
Authors: Paolo Navalesi, Cesare Gregoretti, Massimo Antonelli
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Novel surgical technique to selectively remove metastatic axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: The MARI procedure—Marking of the axilla with radioactive iodine seeds.
Authors: Marie-Jeanne TFD Vrancken Peeters, Marieke Evelien Straver, Mila Donker, Claudette Loo, Gabe S. Sonke, Jelle Wesseling, Emiel J. Rutgers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

196 Background: An important benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the increase in breast-conserving surgery. At present the response of axillary lymph node metastases to chemotherapy cannot be accurately assessed. Therefore axilla-conserving therapy is not yet a benefit. We aimed to assess a new surgical method to evaluate the axillary response: the MARI procedure, which stands for Marking of the Axillary lymph node with Radioactive Iodine seeds. Methods: Prior to NAC, proven tumor-positive axillary lymph nodes were marked with a Iodine-125 seed. After NAC, the marked lymph node was selectively removed with the use of a gamma-detection probe. A complementary axillary lymph node dissection was performed to assess whether pathological response in the marked node was indicative for the pathological response in the additional lymph nodes. Results: Tumor-positive axillary lymph nodes were successfully marked with Iodine-125 seeds in 68 patients. The marked lymph node (MARI-node) was surgically detected and selectively removed after NAC in all patients. The pathological response to chemotherapy in the MARI-node was indicative for the overall response in the additionally removed lymph nodes. In 47 patients the MARI-node contained residual disease (n=45 macrometastasis, n= 2 ITC). Thirty-five of them had macro- or micro metastases in the complementary axillary lymph node dissection specimen. In 21 patients the MARI-node was tumor negative. In 2 patients a macro metastasis was found in the additionally removed nodes, in 2 patients ITC were found and in the remaining 17 patients no residual tumor was found in the additionaly removed lymphnodes. (false negative rate of the MARI procedure: 9.5%). Conclusions: This study shows that marking and selectively removing metastatic lymph nodes after NAC is feasible. The tumor-response in the marked lymph node may be used to tailor further axillary treatment, and herewith enabling axilla-conserving surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Reward Systems in the Brain and Nutrition
Authors: Edmund T. Rolls
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2016)

The taste cortex in the anterior insula provides separate and combined representations of the taste, temperature, and texture of food in the mouth independently of hunger and thus of reward value and pleasantness. One synapse on, in the orbitofrontal cortex, these sensory inputs are combined by associative learning with olfactory and visual inputs for some neurons, and these neurons encode food reward value in that they respond to food only when hunger is present and in that activations correlate linearly with subjective pleasantness. Cognitive factors, including word-level descriptions and selective attention to affective value, modulate the representation of the reward value of taste, olfactory, and flavor stimuli in the orbitofrontal cortex and a region to which it projects, the anterior cingulate cortex. These food reward representations are important in the control of appetite and food intake. Individual differences in reward representations may contribute to obesity, and there are age-related differences in these reward representations. Implications of how reward systems in the brain operate for understanding, preventing, and treating obesity are described.
Molecular Subgroup Analysis of Clinical Outcomes in a Phase 3 Study of Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin with or Without Erlotinib in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: S. Kim, H. Kim, J. Lee, S.H. Park, Y.S. Park, H.Y. Lim, W. Kang, J.O. Park
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
<i>Notes from the Field</i>: Assessment of Health Facilities for Control of Canine Rabies — Gondar City, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2015
Authors: Emily G. Pieracci, Betsy Schroeder, Araya Mengistu, Achenef Melaku, Miriam Shiferaw, Jesse D. Blanton, Ryan Wallace
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

Rabies is an encephalitic disease that is nearly always fatal after onset of illness. Worldwide, rabies kills an estimated 59,000 humans each year (95% confidence interval [CI] = 25,000-159,000); the majority of the deaths are caused by the rabies virus variant that circulates in dogs (1,2). Canine rabies is endemic in Ethiopia, with an estimated 2,771 human deaths annually (CI = 1,116-12,660) (1-3). Annual rabies-associated livestock losses are estimated at >$50 million (USD), making rabies important to both human and animal health (1).
Supervised autonomous robotic soft tissue surgery
Authors: Azad Shademan, Ryan S. Decker, Justin D. Opfermann, Simon Leonard, Axel Krieger, Peter C. W. Kim
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2016)

The current paradigm of robot-assisted surgeries (RASs) depends entirely on an individual surgeon's manual capability. Autonomous robotic surgery-removing the surgeon's hands-promises enhanced efficacy, safety, and improved access to optimized surgical techniques. Surgeries involving soft tissue have not been performed autonomously because of technological limitations, including lack of vision systems that can distinguish and track the target tissues in dynamic surgical environments and lack of intelligent algorithms that can execute complex surgical tasks. We demonstrate in vivo supervised autonomous soft tissue surgery in an open surgical setting, enabled by a plenoptic three-dimensional and near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) imaging system and an autonomous suturing algorithm. Inspired by the best human surgical practices, a computer program generates a plan to complete complex surgical tasks on deformable soft tissue, such as suturing and intestinal anastomosis. We compared metrics of anastomosis-including the consistency of suturing informed by the average suture spacing, the pressure at which the anastomosis leaked, the number of mistakes that required removing the needle from the tissue, completion time, and lumen reduction in intestinal anastomoses-between our supervised autonomous system, manual laparoscopic surgery, and clinically used RAS approaches. Despite dynamic scene changes and tissue movement during surgery, we demonstrate that the outcome of supervised autonomous procedures is superior to surgery performed by expert surgeons and RAS techniques in ex vivo porcine tissues and in living pigs. These results demonstrate the potential for autonomous robots to improve the efficacy, consistency, functional outcome, and accessibility of surgical techniques.
Tumors Arising From Injection of Cultured Murine Placental Cells Into Normal Animals: Direct Evidence for Placental Origin of Tumors of Two Histologic Types&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J H Beeson, R A Daynes, A M Weinert, L C Gahring
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Long-term culture of placentas obtained from the mating of a congenic C3H male mouse carrying a unique electrophoretic variant of the X-chromosome-linked enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK-1) and a normal C3H female mouse has resulted in cell lines that have apparently undergone spontaneous malignant transformation in vitro. When injected into normal syngeneic animals, these cell lines have given rise to invasive carcinomas of two distinct histologic types, an adenocarcinoma and a poorly differentiated carcinoma. Both were demonstrated to be of placental origin by the continued presence of the allozyme coded on the paternal X-chromosome. Compared to murine tumors of other etiologies, these cell lines were characterized by a high intracellular alkaline phosphatase concentration.
Efficacy of abatacept for IgG4-related disease over 8 months
Authors: Motohisa Yamamoto, Hiroki Takahashi, Kenichi Takano, Yui Shimizu, Nodoka Sakurai, Chisako Suzuki, Yasuyoshi Naishiro, Hidetaka Yajima, Teruhito Awakawa, Tetsuo Himi, Hiroshi Nakase
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

It was recently pointed out that rituximab (RTX) is effective against IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD).1 We found that RTX is effective as an induction therapy for IgG4-RD in the short term, but that it is necessary to repeat the prescription of RTX. Furthermore, we had a patient who presented with resistance to RTX.2 After obtaining informed consent, we started the patient on abatacept (ABT) treatment. We have followed the patient for 8 months, and the patient presented with good response to ABT. This is the first report of the efficacy of ABT against IgG4-RD.

The patient was a 65-year-old Japanese woman who presented with IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis, and autoimmune pancreatitis. A submandibular gland biopsy specimen showed prominent infiltration of IgG4-bearing plasma cells (the ratio of IgG4/IgG-positive cells: 40%) with fibrosis and germinal centres (figure 1A, B). We diagnosed this case as IgG4-RD.3 She was initially treated with 40 mg/day of prednisolone, but several relapses occurred with tapering the dose to 10 mg/day. We administered ciclosporin A and mizoribine with steroid, …
Avian Erythroblastosis Virus Isolated From Chick Erythroblastosis Induced by Lymphatic Leukemia Virus Subgroup A&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN4"&gt;4&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: H Hihara, H Yamamoto, H Shimohira, K Arai, T Shimizu
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

A new strain of avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV), designated "AEV-H," was established by serial passages of a field isolate of avian lymphatic leukemia virus subgroup A [LLV(A)] in chicks from a White Leghorn flock of line 151 chicks. One stock of AEV-H contained 10(4) focus-forming units/ml virus and 10(9) tissue culture infective dose/ml LLV(A). All of the chicks that received ip inoculations of 0.2 ml AEV-H developed erythroblastosis complicated by fibrosarcoma 16-24 days (approximately equal to 17.7 days) after inoculation. Pathologic changes of erythroblastosis were macroscopically observed, mainly in such visceral organs as the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. In addition, microscopic changes were observed in the lung, kidney, ovary, and heart. Pathologic changes of fibrosarcoma were so conspicuous that they were recognizable by the naked eye in the pancreas and in the serous membrane of the intestine.
EMP1, a Novel Poor Prognostic Factor In Pediatric Leukemia Regulates Prednisolone Resistance, Cellular Proliferation, Migration and Adhesion
Authors: Ingrid M. Ariës, Rosanna van den Dungen, Isabel S. Jerchel, Lieke C. van den Berk, Judith M. Boer, Martin A. Horstmann, Gabriele Escherich, Rob Pieters, Monique L. Den Boer
Journal: Blood (2013)
Complete lymph node dissection versus no dissection in patients with sentinel lymph node biopsy positive melanoma (DeCOG-SLT): a multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial
Authors: Ulrike Leiter, Rudolf Stadler, Cornelia Mauch, Werner Hohenberger, Norbert Brockmeyer, Carola Berking, Cord Sunderkötter, Martin Kaatz, Klaus-Werner Schulte, Percy Lehmann, Thomas Vogt, Jens Ulrich, Rudolf Herbst, Wolfgang Gehring, Jan-Christoph Simon, Ulrike Keim, Peter Martus, Claus Garbe
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2016)
Improving research to protect vulnerable populations
Authors: Kamran Abbasi
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2016)

Protecting vulnerable populations is a common theme in medical journals. It is also an objective of the Declaration of Helsinki, which was first adopted by the World Medical Association in 1964 and sets out guidelines for research on human participants. The Declaration was last revised in 2013, strengthening protection for vulnerable populations in several important ways. Admittedly, these enhancements may be hard to identify and hence go unnoticed, but this month’s issue devotes a review article to explaining the most recent changes and explaining their evolution.1

Aisha Malik and Charles Foster argue that the latest revision of the Declaration carefully balances the need to facilitate research while protecting the vulnerable and, importantly, recognising the practical difficulties involved in that protection. They identify four substantial changes. First, people harmed by participating in research are entitled to appropriate compensation and treatment. Second, the use of placebo-controlled trials is discouraged with emphasis on using the best proven comparator instead of placebo. Third, research in vulnerable populations is only allowed if the outcomes benefit that particular group and research in a non-vulnerable population isn't appropriate. Finally, any intervention identified as beneficial in a trial should be available to participants once the trial has finished. This last provision places responsibility upon sponsors, researchers and host governments.

The challenge for research ethics committees is to ensure that their decisions reflect the Declaration’s greater emphasis on protecting vulnerable populations. Unfortunately, trials still harm patients and compensation is difficult to win. Inappropriate placebo-controlled trials are commonplace. The business of clinical trials continues to move unnecessarily towards vulnerable populations, who may not see the benefits of the trial they risked their health to support. If these failures continue, sponsors, researchers and governments, as well as research ethics committees, must be held to account.

Protecting vulnerable populations is also a concern of health systems. Opponents of cost-cutting measures in the NHS will point to the likely harm to vulnerable populations. With junior doctors in revolt and general practitioners stretched beyond capacity, where does the NHS go from here? Margaret Turner-Warwick and Richard Thompson, past presidents of London’s Royal College of Physicians, declare their proposed solutions.2
Advancing a comprehensive cancer care agenda for children and their families: <scp>I</scp>nstitute of <scp>M</scp>edicine <scp>W</scp>orkshop highlights and next steps
Authors: Rebecca Kirch, Gregory Reaman, Chris Feudtner, Lori Wiener, Lisa A. Schwartz, Lillian Sung, Joanne Wolfe
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2016)

This article highlights key findings from the "Comprehensive Cancer Care for Children and Their Families" March 2015 joint workshop by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the American Cancer Society. This initiative convened more than 100 family members, clinician investigators, advocates, and members of the public to discuss emerging evidence and care models and to determine the next steps for optimizing quality-of-life outcomes and well-being for children and families during pediatric cancer treatment, after treatment completion, and across the life spectrum. Participants affirmed the triple aim of pediatric oncology that strives for every child with cancer to be cured; provides high-quality palliative and psychosocial supportive, restorative, and rehabilitative care to children and families throughout the illness course and survivorship; and assures receipt of high-quality end-of-life care for patients with advancing disease. Workshop outcomes emphasized the need for new pediatric cancer drug development and identified critical opportunities to prioritize palliative care and psychosocial support as an integral part of pediatric cancer research and treatment, including the necessity for adequately resourcing these supportive services to minimize suffering and distress, effectively address quality-of-life needs for children and families at all stages of illness, and mitigate the long-term health risks associated with childhood cancer and its treatment. Next steps include dismantling existing silos and enhancing collaboration between clinical investigators, disease-directed specialists, and supportive care services; expanding the use of patient-reported and parent-reported outcomes; effectively integrating palliative and psychosocial care; and clinical communication skills development. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:398-407. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Doctors criticise appointment of Dalton to lead new junior doctor talks
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Doctors have questioned the independence of the man leading the government’s side of renewed negotiations on a new junior doctor contract for England.

The Department of Health announced on Sunday 8 May that David Dalton would act as its lead negotiator during renewed talks with the BMA.1 Dalton had previously led negotiations for the government before concluding that an agreement was unlikely to be reached.2

The BMA said on Saturday 7 May that it would re-enter talks with the government on the contract, following a meeting of the BMA’s junior …