tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Taurocholic acid metabolism by gut microbes and colon cancer
Authors: Jason M. Ridlon, Patricia G. Wolf, H. Rex Gaskins
Journal: Gut Microbes (2016)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent causes of cancer death worldwide and is associated with adoption of a diet high in animal protein and saturated fat. Saturated fat induces increased bile secretion into the intestine. Increased bile secretion selects for populations of gut microbes capable of altering the bile acid pool, generating tumor-promoting secondary bile acids such as deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid. Epidemiological evidence suggests CRC is associated with increased levels of DCA in serum, bile, and stool. Mechanisms by which secondary bile acids promote CRC are explored. Furthermore, in humans bile acid conjugation can vary by diet. Vegetarian diets favor glycine conjugation while diets high in animal protein favor taurine conjugation. Metabolism of taurine conjugated bile acids by gut microbes generates hydrogen sulfide, a genotoxic compound. Thus, taurocholic acid has the potential to stimulate intestinal bacteria capable of converting taurine and cholic acid to hydrogen sulfide and deoxycholic acid, a genotoxin and tumor-promoter, respectively.
Autoimmune Addison's Disease
Authors: Richard K. Mead
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE past decades have seen a striking change in concepts of immunology, culminating in the award of the 1960 Nobel Prize for work in this field to Sir Macfarlane Burnet, of Melbourne, and P. B. Medawar, of London. Investigation by these experimenters1 , 2 has complemented the work of Witebsky and his group3 in Buffalo and of Roitt and Doniach4 in Glasgow. It has now been established that under certain circumstances, some normal autologous proteins may not be recognized as "self" by the body, and may therefore induce immunologic reactions identical with those caused by the introduction of heterologous protein. These reactions . . .
John Keats, 1795–1821
Authors: Lewis J. Moorman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

IN his youthful behavior John Keats conformed to the average with a preference for physical rather than mental activities. He loved the fields and streams and often came home with prized zoologic specimens. His education was pursued under sharp financial restrictions, but by the time his school days were over, he had acquired a rare knowledge of nature, a pure sense of beauty and a creative penchant that gathered poetry as a bee gathers honey. While he was still a youth his acute awareness of the earth's silent phenomena made it possible for him to write:... and then there . . .
Does evolving the future preclude learning from it?
Authors: Peter W Dowrick
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Despite its considerable length, this article proposes a theory of human behavioral science that eschews half the evidence. There is irony in the title “Evolving the Future” when the featured examples of intentional change represent procedures that build slowly on the past. Has an opportunity been missed, or is an evolutionary perspective simply incompatible with learning from the future?
Bilateral Symmetrically Increased Tc-99m MDP Cranial Uptake in Hurler Syndrome
Authors: Mustafa Yilmaz, Kutluhan Yilmaz, Zeki Celen, Akif Sirikci, Sinasi Ozkiliç, Sabri Zincirkeser
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

YILMAZ, MUSTAFA M.D.; YILMAZ, KUTLUHAN M.D.; ÇELEN, ZEKI M.D.; SIRIKCI, AKIF M.D.; OZKILIÇ, SINASI M.D.; ZINCIRKESER, SABRI M.D. Author Information
Abstract 1617: Chebulagic acid can inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor-A mediated angiogenesis.
Authors: Kai Lu, Sujit Basu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Angiogenesis or new blood vessel formation is essential for the growth, progression and metastasis of malignant tumors. Among the several pro-angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) plays a critical role in this process of angiogenesis. However, the current anti-VEGF-A agents in the clinics are not only expensive, but also have serious side effects. Therefore it is essential to identify newer, effective, less toxic and inexpensive anti-VEGF-A agents for the treatment of cancer. We have recently demonstrated the anti-VEGF-A actions of Triphala churna (THL), a natural medicinal product prepared from three myrobalan fruits. Because chebulagic acid (CA), a bioactive tannin present in THL has been reported to inhibit tumor growth, we therefore investigated the effect of CA on VEGF-A mediated angiogenesis. Method: Human umbilical vein endothelium cells (HUVECs) were cultured in vitro, and pre-treated with different doses of CA for 24hrs. Thereafter, we examined the proliferation migration and tube formation abilities of these cells. In addition we also determined the effects of CA on HUVEC cell permeability and on new blood vessel formation utilizing CAM assay. Finally, the effect of CA on VEGFR-2 phosphorylation was investigated. Results: 5uM CA can significantly inhibit VEGF-A induced cell proliferation, migration and permeability of HUVECs. Besides it can also inhibit formation of tube-like structures by these cells. In vivo CAM assay also suggested that 5uM CA can suppress VEGF-A stimulated new vessel formation. Western blot confirmed that CA inhibits VEGF-A actions by suppressing phosphorylation of VEGFR-2. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CA can significantly inhibit VEGF induced angiogenesis. Citation Format: Kai Lu, Sujit Basu. Chebulagic acid can inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor-A mediated angiogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1617. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1617
Abstract 4816: Overexpression of <i>thymosin β10</i> gene is not mediated by DNA methylation in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Su Man Lee, Ji Yun Lee, Mi Jin Kim, Ghil Suk Yoon, Jae Yong Park, Dong Sun Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and is usually associated with a late diagnosis and a poor prognosis. Thymosin β10 (TMSB10) is monomeric actin sequestering protein to regulate actin cytoskeleton organization. The aberrant TMSB10 expression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of human cancers. However, its role in carcinogenesis is still controversial. To better understand the role of TMSB10 in lung tumorigenesis and its regulatory mechanism, we have examined the methylation status and expression of the TMSB10 gene in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) using methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. MSP analysis showed that TMSB10 promoter was almost unmethylated in tumor tissues and became to be hypomethylated in 7 out of 139 (5.0%) NSCLCs. However, there is no significant association of TB10 demethylation with clinicopathologic features. IHC showed that TMSB10 protein was strongly expressed in the cytoplasm of malignant cells and its overexpression was detected in 15 of 30 (50.0%) the tumor tissues compared to normal tissues. Moreover, TMSB10 overexpression was frequently observed in sqaumous cell carcinomas compared to adenocarcinomas with border line significance (P = 0.072), but its overexpression was not associated with the methylation status of TMSB10 gene. Collectively, these results suggest that TMSB10 overexpression may be a frequent event in the progression of NSCLC, but DNA methylation may not involve in TMSB10 overexpression. However, further studies with a large number of cases are needed to confirm our findings. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4816. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4816
Appetite-Suppressant Drugs and the Risk of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Lucien Abenhaim, Yola Moride, François Brenot, Stuart Rich, Jacques Benichou, Xavier Kurz, Tim Higenbottam, Celia Oakley, Emil Wouters, Michel Aubier, Gérald Simonneau, Bernard Bégaud
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Recently in France, primary pulmonary hypertension developed in a cluster of patients exposed to derivatives of fenfluramine in appetite suppressants (anorexic agents), which are used for weight control. We investigated the potential role of anorexic agents and other suspected risk factors for primary pulmonary hypertension.
AB0243 Inter-operator reproducibility of ultrasound lung comets score of patients SSC:
Authors: O.B. Ovsyannikova, O. Koneva, J. Korsakova, S. Glukhova, A. Volkov, L. Ananyeva
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Ultrasound lung comets (ULCs) are a clinically useful sign of such changes as lung fibrosis, extravascular lung water etc. It requires very limited technology (2 D-echo), and a short learning curve. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of the study is to evaluate inter-operator reproducibility of ultrasound lung comets score made by two independent investigations. <h3>Methods</h3> 60 consecutive patients (49.78±13.27 yrs, 57 femails, mean duration of disease 12.71±9.19, diffuse/limited form 29/31), all fulfilling the ACR criteria for SSc. The total number of lung comets in lung for each patients were assessed by ULC score [2]. All pts were evaluated by two investigations one of them was blinded to any patient information. In each patient ULC score was obtained by summing the number of comets detected as previously recommended [2]. The data were collected in protocols for statistical testing. Wilcoxon matched pairs singed-ranks test (p&gt;0,025) was used to compare data of two investigations in the each of the scanning spaces in the anterior (ant.) and posterior (post.) chest, - of 60 points in each pts. We used the Spearman's rank-order (Sperman's p) and Kendall's rank (Kendall's t) correlations coefficients for assess to ULC score and separately score for ant. and post. chest. <h3>Results</h3> There wasn't a significant differences between two investigations. Mean ULCs total scores detected by investigations were 64,71±57,38 and 68,58±58,14 (p=0,205); mean score ant. chest - 24,66±30,48 (median 11 (3;34) and 25,91±25,06 (p=0,563) (median 19 (6;41,5); mean score post. chest 40,016±31,80 and 42,6±34,88 (p=0.218) respectively. Wilcoxon test showed a good repeatability in 49 scanning spaces and significant differences in only 11 of 60. Spearman's p and Kendall's t correlations coefficients for measures score ULCs of two independent investigations shown in table. <h3>Conclusions</h3> ULC scores detected by two independent investigations correlated significantly. The sufficient inter- operator reproducibility of ultrasound lung comets score of patients SSc is important for use it in a future practice. <h3>References</h3> Zahouily M., Lazar M., Elmakssoudi A., Rakik J., et al. J Mol Model 12(4), 2006 p. 389-405. L. Gargani, M. Doveri et al. Rhematology 2009; 1-6. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Demonstration of Venous Return Abnormalities Induced by Coughing During Tc-99m MAA Lung Perfusion Imaging
Authors: YOSHIO TANABE, YUJI SUTO, TOSHIHIDE OGAWA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Lung perfusion imaging with Tc-99m MAA was performed in a patient thought to have pulmonary embolism. The dynamic flow images obtained before static lung perfusion imaging showed delayed drainage of the tracer into the right brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava, and unusual demonstration of the right lateral thoracic and intercostal veins as collateral pathways. It was thought that coughing at the time of bolus injection of the tracer into a right antecubital vein caused an increase of intrathoracic pressure and consequently disturbed the venous return to the thorax.
AB1121 Exploring the relationships between adult juvenile idiopathic arthritis and employment
Authors: C.M. Ferris, A. Malviya, S.P. Rushton, H.E. Foster, H. Hanson, K. Muthumayandi, D.J. Deehan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Despite advances in medical therapies, the chronicity of symptoms of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) in childhood and the potential for attendant disability persisting into adulthood may adversely influence educational attainment and the ability to secure and maintain gainful employment in a way which has not been well-defined. <h3>Objectives</h3> Postulating that there are likely to be a series of indirect and direct effects of the disease, we investigated the impact of patient and disease specific factors on education and employment outcomes in an adult JIA population. <h3>Methods</h3> A prospective, observational cohort study of 103 consecutive adult patients attending a JIA continuity clinic was performed. These included questions on educational achievement and employment status; a Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ score); and, for those who were in employment, a Work Instability Score (RA-WIS). A combination of generalised linear modelling and structural equation modelling was used to explore the complex interactions between JIA subtype, age, disease duration, functional disability, educational achievement and employment outcomes. <h3>Results</h3> The median age of the patients was 24 years (range 17-71) with median disease duration of 19 years (range 7-67). Of the 103 patients, 64% (n=66) were in either full- or part-time employment. Functional disability (HAQ score) was significantly lower in patients who were in employment (mean=0.83, s.d.=0.85,) compared to those not in any (mean=1.25, s.d.=0.92) (p=0.03), and those with oligoarticular JIA (t=2.29, p=0.02) versus other JIA subtypes. Educational achievement was not influenced by JIA subtype (F=1.18, p=0.33). Educational achievement in General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations (F=11.63 p=0.001) had a positive impact on the type of job achieved in later life, with higher success leading to more professional or managerial posts. Job stability was influenced positively by educational achievement at GCSE and negatively by the disability score (t=10.94 p=6.36-16), which were themselves impacted by age of patient. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We have used modelling techniques to study the key patient and disease variables for employment in adult patients with JIA. We have measured the impact of the disease on employment outcomes like duration of employment, job classification status achieved and problems encountered at work. Our study suggests that the interactions between disability, education and employment are subtle: influencing both job type and the stability of employment. This has implications on the choice of occupation and forms the basis for further research to guide career decisions for these patients. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Recurrent Malignant Pleural Effusions
Authors: George W. B. Starkey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

IT is the unfortunate lot of some patients dying of metastatic cancer of the breast, lung, cervix and so forth to be plagued by severe dyspnea due to recurrent malignant pleural effusions. Many of these people would have several months of relative comfort at home if they could only breathe. The simple procedure of talc poudrage of the pleural space is discussed in relation to this problem.Therapeutic ConsiderationsVarious forms of therapy have been used over the years, but most have left much to be desired. Multiple thoracenteses often not only cause great discomfort and unhappy anticipation for these . . .
Abstract 1087: Differential oncogenicity of N-RAS mutations in melanoma.
Authors: Christin Burd, William R. Jeck, Kailing Fu, Kelly S. Clark, Jessie C. Xiong, George P. Souroullas, Norman E. Sharpless
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract In human cancer, N-RAS mutations resulting in constitutive, oncogenic signaling are predominately localized to codons 12, 13 or 61. Traditionally, activating RAS mutations have been considered oncogenically equivalent, yet recent studies suggest important clinical distinctions between colon cancers containing K-RAS codon 12 vs. codon 13 mutations. More than 20% of human melanomas harbor N-RAS mutations, the vast majority of which target codon 61, as opposed to N-RAS mutations of codon 12 or 13, which are common in other tumor types. To address this issue, we characterized syngeneic knock-in mouse models conditionally expressing either N-RasG12D or N-RasQ61R under the control of the endogenous locus. In primary melanocyte cultures, activation of either N-Ras allele reduced cellular proliferation even in the presence of concomitant p16INK4a deletion. Correspondingly, melanocyte-specific N-RasG12D expression combined with p16INK4a loss failed to efficiently promote melanoma formation in mice. In contrast, melanocyte-specific N-RasQ61R induction readily combined with p16INK4a loss to promote melanoma formation in vivo with short latency and high penetrance. These results provide a first murine model of melanoma featuring knock-in N-Ras mutationQ61R, and suggest that the preference for codon 61 mutations in human tumors is conserved in mice. Citation Format: Christin Burd, William R. Jeck, Kailing Fu, Kelly S. Clark, Jessie C. Xiong, George P. Souroullas, Norman E. Sharpless. Differential oncogenicity of N-RAS mutations in melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1087. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1087
Huntington's Chorea
Authors: Mahdi Malekpour, Mohsen Esfandbod
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 33-year-old woman presented with stereotypic choreic movements (see video). These uncontrollable movements, which had begun 6 years earlier, initially affected only her limbs but later extended to include her trunk and neck. The abnormal movement was absent when the patient was asleep and was exacerbated with stress. The patient also had hypotonic and dysarthric speech. Examination revealed normal mental status, normal rectal sphincter tone, and hyperactive tendon reflexes. Her sister, father, and grandmother reportedly had unspecified abnormal body movements during their fourth decade, followed by dementia and death within 10 years of the onset of symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging . . .
ROLE OF LEFT VENTRICULAR CIRCUMFERENTIAL STRAIN IN THE PREDICTION OF CLINICAL OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE PHASE OF HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Makoto Amaki, Hideaki Kanzaki, Seiji Takashio, Hiroyuki Takahama, Takahiro Ohara, Takuya Hasegawa, Yasuo Sugano, Satoshi Yasuda, Hisao Ogawa, Toshihisa Anzai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Endoscopy-assisted technique for removal of a transduodenal T-tube
Authors: D. Chattopadhyay, D. Garkuwa, K. Wynne, B. Joypaul
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

In contemporary surgical practice, placement of a T-tube, which is a common procedure following exploration of the common bile duct, has been extended to the management of large duodenal perforations/injuries as well as esophageal perforations when primary repair is considered inappropriate [1] [2] [3]. In addition to providing controlled drainage (enterocutaneous fistula), the rationale behind this use of the T-tube is to reduce suture line tension to preclude tissue edema secondary to the injury, resuscitation, and operation [4].
States choosing not to expand Medicaid stand to lose billions, study concludes
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

US states that decide not to take advantage of the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid expansion program stand to lose billions in federal funding, while their taxpayers subsidize expansion programs in the states that do, a new study says.1

Under the act, states were mandated to expand their Medicaid programs to cover all documented residents under 65 years of age whose income was below 138% of the federal poverty level, about $15 856 (£9700; €11 600) for an individual and $32 499 for a family of four.

The expansion was a key element of the health reform law and was expected to provide health insurance to as many as 21.3 million Americans by 2022. The federal government was to pay most of the cost of …
P1011 ACOUSTIC RADIATION FORCE IMPULSE-IMAGING IN COMPARISON TO TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY FOR NON-INVASIVE ASSESSMENT OF LIVER FIBROSIS IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C: A PROSPECTIVE INTERNATIONAL MULTICENTER STUDY
Authors: M. Friedrich-Rust, M. Lupsor-Platon, R. de Knegt, V. Dries, P. Buggisch, M. Gebel, B. Maier, E. Herrmann, A. Sagir, R. Zachoval, Y. Shi, M.D. Schneider, R. Badea, K. Rifai, S. Zeuzem, C. Sarrazin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Abstract LB-119: A 3′UTR KRAS-variant and triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Trupti Paranjape, Joanne B. Weidhaas
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: We previously identified a functional variant in a let-7 microRNA complementary site in the 3′UTR of the KRAS oncogene (rs61764370) associated with cancer. Here we investigate the association of this variant with breast cancer and breast cancer tumor biology. Methods: We genotyped subjects from three breast cancer cohorts and controls (n=2323), and additionally evaluated the association of the KRAS-variant with genome wide mRNA and specific microRNA expression in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Findings: The KRAS-variant is significantly associated with ER/PR negative breast cancer risk in premenopausal women by case control analysis (p = 0.015). A breast cancer cohort with complete receptor status shows the association of the KRAS-variant specifically with TNBC (p = 0.044), and a case control analysis indicates a significant increased risk of TNBC in KRAS-variant positive premenopausal women (OR = 2.31, CI = 1.26–4.22, p&amp;lt;0.007, n = 361). Gene expression analysis of TNBC tumors with and without the KRAS-variant indicates that KRAS-variant positive tumors have significantly altered gene expression, and are enriched for the luminal progenitor and BRCA1 deficiency signatures. MicroRNA analysis indicates lower levels of let-7 microRNA species. Interpretation: These findings support the hypothesis that the KRAS-variant may be a genetic marker for the development of triple negative breast cancer in premenopausal women. Furthermore, tumors harboring the KRAS-variant appear to have altered gene and microRNA expression that can distinguish them from other triple negative breast cancers. Thus, the variant may help molecularly and biologically stratify patients with triple negative breast tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-119. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-119
551 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRECORE/CORE PROMOTER MUTANTS, HBEAG LEVELS AND SEROLOGICAL RESPONSE IN HBEAG-POSITIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B TREATED WITH NUCLEOS(T)IDE ANALOGUES
Authors: R. Zoutendijk, M. Sonneveld, J. Reijnders, A. van Vuuren, S. Pas, B. Hansen, A. Boonstra, H. Janssen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Scintigraphic Findings of a Femoral Neck Herniation Pit
Authors: LAWRENCE C. SWAYNE, WILLIAM C. COLSTON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

The bone scan findings of a patient with an asymptomatic herniation pit in the left femoral neck are presented. This entity should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with a focus of mild increased activity in the anterosuperior lateral quadrant of the proximal femoral neck.