tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Selenium Supplementation for Prevention of Colorectal Adenomas and Risk of Associated Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Patricia A Thompson, Erin L Ashbeck, Denise J Roe, Liane Fales, Julie Buckmeier, Fang Wang, Achyut Bhattacharyya, Chiu-Hsieh Hsu, H H Sherry Chow, Dennis J Ahnen, C Richard Boland, Russell I Heigh, David E Fay, Stanley R Hamilton, Elizabeth T Jacobs, Maria Elena Martinez, David S Alberts, Peter Lance
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2016)

Selenium supplementation may help to prevent colorectal cancer; as precursors of colorectal cancer, colorectal adenomas are a surrogate for colorectal cancer. Selenium supplementation may increase risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).The Selenium and Celecoxib (Sel/Cel) Trial was a randomized, placebo controlled trial of selenium 200 µg daily as selenized yeast and celecoxib 400 mg once daily, alone or together, for colorectal adenoma prevention. Men and women between age 40 and 80 years were eligible following colonoscopic removal of colorectal adenomas. The primary outcome was adenoma development. Celecoxib was suspended because of cardiovascular toxicity in other trials, but accrual continued to selenium and placebo. A total of 1621 participants were randomly assigned to selenium or placebo, of whom 1374 (84.8%) were available for analysis. All statistical tests were two-sided.In the respective placebo and selenium arms of 689 and 685 participants, adenoma detection after medians of 33.6 (range = 0.0-85.1 months) and 33.0 months (range = 0.0-82.6 months) were 42.8% and 44.1% (relative risk [RR] = 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.91 to 1.16, P = .68). In participants with baseline advanced adenomas, adenoma recurrence was reduced by 18% with selenium (RR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.71 to 0.96, P = .01). In participants receiving selenium, the hazard ratio for new-onset T2D was 1.25 (95% CI = 0.74 to 2.11, P = .41), with a statistically significantly increased risk of selenium-associated T2D among older participants (RR = 2.21; 95% CI = 1.04 to 4.67, P = .03).Overall, selenium did not prevent colorectal adenomas and showed only modest benefit in patients with baseline advanced adenomas. With limited benefit and similar increases in T2D to other trials, selenium is not recommended for preventing colorectal adenomas in selenium-replete individuals.
Unfunded Research? I Am Shocked, Shocked!
Authors: Jules J. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<i>The following letter was received after the authors had written their reply</i>.—Ed. <h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article entitled "Who Pays for Published Research?" by Stein et al<sup>1</sup>fails to cite our previously published contributions, in which we examined publications (520 articles) in six popular pathology journals and three general science journals.<sup>2,3</sup>Unfunded research (research not supported by a competitive grant) represented the vast majority of research produced by pathologists, accounting for 84% of published articles. Unfunded articles published in 1987 averaged 10.4 citations per article compared with 8.7 citations per funded article. In this study, there were 47 articles first-authored by pathologists that listed a source of funding. Twenty of those articles were funded by NIH grants. Publicly available grant listings were searched to determine the names of the principal investigator of the NIH grants listed. Only four of the 20 NIH-funded publications were first-authored by
TGFβ inhibits GM-CSF-induced phosphorylation of ERK and MEK in human myeloid leukemia cell lines via inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-k)
Authors: Daniel Montengo, Tina Franklin, Sabrina Gilling, Beatriz Perez, Keneeth Zuckerman, Xiaotang Hu
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

3783   The activation of SMAD-independent 44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2) signal by Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGFβ) has been recently reported in various cell types for different biological activities including cell arrest and death. However, the mechanisms for the linking between the SMAD-dependent and -independent pathways are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether TGF-β activates the ERK1/2 pathway and how TGFβ communicates with the MAP kinase signals for proliferation in several human myeloid leukemia cell lines. TGFβ dramatically suppressed the proliferation of MV4-11 and TF-1 in culture without detectable phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of ERK1/2 and MEK1/2 for the duration of 48h detected by MTT assay and Western blot, respectively. In contrast, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) induced a rapid and transient phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 and upregulated the cell proliferation. Both GM-CSF-induced ERK1/2 activation and cell proliferation were significantly inhibited by TGFβ. GM-CSF also induced a time-dependent increase in the phosphorylation of the p85 subunit of PI3-kinase in MV4-11 cells. Corresponding to this change, the p85 PI3-k was found to bind to GM-CSF receptor-α subunit (GMRα) in response to GM-CSF stimulation detected by immunoprecipitation and Western blot. PD98059, a selective inhibitor of MEK blocked GM-CSF induced phosphorylation of MEK and ERK but not PI3 kinase. However, TGFβ and LY294002, a potent inhibitor of PI3-K, significantly inhibited phosphorylation of both PI3-k and ERK1/2. These studies thus indicate that TGFβ does not activate ERK pathway in the absence of a mitogen but turns off GM-CSF induced ERK signal via inhibition of PI3-K-Akt pathway in human myeloid hematopoietic cells. Since both GM-CSF receptor and SMAD proteins are able to react with PI3-k, our data suggest that PI3-k may play a key role in the crosstalk between SMAD and the MAPK pathways (Supported by NIH-NIGMS MBRS RISE Grant R25 GM059244, Barry University).
Phase I trial of nelfinavir added to cisplatin chemotherapy with concurrent pelvic radiation for locally advanced cervical cancer.
Authors: Arlene Esther Garcia-Soto, Nathalie Dauphin McKenzie, Lorraine Portelance, Rosa P Castillo, Joseph Matt Pearson, Jennifer J. Hu, Joseph A. Lucci, Lilie L. Lin, Fiona Simpkins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

TPS5619 Background: Despite platinum based chemoradiation (C-XRT), 40-50% of women with locally advanced cervical cancer will die from their disease. Nelfinavir (NFV), a protease inhibitor, has been shown to target the Akt pathway sensitizing cancer cells to chemoradiation. The objective of this Phase I trial was to determine dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) and genomic and proteomic effects of NFV in combination with standard concurrent C-XRT in locally advance cervical cancer. Methods: After obtaining IRB approval, previously untreated patients with clinical stage IIA to IVA cervical cancer were identified. Patients with HIV were excluded from the trial. Cohort dose level 1 (Dose Level (DL) 1) has been completed. NFV 875 mg PO BID with a 7 day run-in prior to initiating C-XRT. NFV was continued with weekly cisplatin 40 mg/m2 and pelvic radiation. Patients received a total dose of approximately 80 Gy to the pelvis. Toxicity was evaluated during treatment and every 3 months for 1 year. Pathologic and clinical responses by RECIST 1.1 were also assessed at 3 months intervals for a period of one year. Tumor biopsies were obtained at baseline, after one week of NFV, after 4 and 6 weeks of NFV plus C-XRT and at 3 month follow up for IHC, gene expression analysis and RPPA analysis. Clinical trial information: NCT01485731.
Мікроструктурні зміни гепатоцитів при фіброзуванні печінки у хворих на хронічні дифузні захворювання печінки
Authors: Yu.M. Stepanov, Yu.A. Haidar, V.I. Didenko, O.P. Halenko, N.Yu. Oshmyanska
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2016)

Проведено морфологічний аналіз мікроструктурних змін гепатоцитів у хворих на хронічний вірусний гепатит С, розподілу маркерів апоптозу та білків цитоскелета на матеріалі 41 пункційної біо­псії печінки. За допомогою імуногістохімії та комп’ютерної морфометрії проаналізовано мікроструктурні зміни, що супроводжують прогресування фіброзу, вивчено особливості механізму апоптозу гепатоцитів, локалізації цитохрому С, зміни системи мікрофіламентів і скорочувальних властивостей актину з паралельною активацією процесів регенерації.
Peripheral Artery Disease and Its Clinical Relevance in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the COPD and Systemic Consequences–Comorbidities Network Study
Authors: Sarah Houben-Wilke, Rudolf A. Jörres, Robert Bals, Frits M. E. Franssen, Sven Gläser, Rolf Holle, Annika Karch, Armin Koch, Helgo Magnussen, Anne Obst, Holger Schulz, Martijn A. Spruit, Margarethe E. Wacker, Tobias Welte, Emiel F. M. Wouters, Claus Vogelmeier, Henrik Watz
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)

Rationale: Knowledge about the prevalence of objectively assessed peripheral artery disease (PAD) and its clinical relevance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is scarce.Objectives: We aimed to: (1) assess the prevalence of PAD in COPD compared with distinct control groups; and (2) study the association between PAD and functional capacity as well as health status.Methods: The ankle–brachial index was used to diagnose PAD (ankle–brachial index ≤ 0.9). The 6-minute-walk distance, health status (St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire), COPD Assessment Test, and EuroQol-5-Dimensions were assessed in patients enrolled in the German COPD and Systemic Consequences–Comorbidities Network cohort study. Control groups were derived from the Study of Health in Pomerania.Measurements and Main Results: A total of 2,088 patients with COPD (61.1% male; mean [SD] age, 65.3 [8.2] years, GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) stages I–IV: 9.4, 42.5, 37.5, and 10.5%, respectively) were included, of which 184 patients (8.8%; GOLD stage I–IV: 5.1, 7.4, 11.1, and 9.5%, respectively, vs. 5.9% in patients with GOLD stage 0 in the COPD and Systemic Consequences–Comorbidities Network) had PAD. In the Study of Health in Pomerania, PAD ranged from 1.8 to 4.2%. Patients with COPD with PAD had a significantly shorter 6-minute-walk distance (356 [108] vs. 422 [103] m, P < 0.001) and worse health status (St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire: 49.7 [20.1] vs. 42.7 [20.0] points, P < 0.001; COPD Assessment Test: 19.6 [7.4] vs. 17.9 [7.4] points, P = 0.004; EuroQol-5-Dimensions visual analog scale: 51.2 [19.0] vs. 57.2 [19.6], P < 0.001). Differences remained significant after correction for several confounders.Conclusions: In a large cohort of patients with COPD, 8.8% were diagnosed with PAD, which is higher than the prevalence in control subjects without COPD. PAD was associated with a clinically relevant reduction in functional capacity and health status.
Case 11-1973
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, David M. Kipnis, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Presentation or CaseA 72-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of fever.One month previously he was evaluated on the Neurology Service because of ataxia. Physical examination revealed bilateral cerebellar deficits. The urine gave a trace-positive test for protein; the sediment contained 3 red cells, 2 white cells and occasional finely granular and hyaline casts per high-power field. The hematocrit was 38.5 per cent; the white-cell count was 5600, with 83 per cent neutrophils. The urea nitrogen was 18 mg per deciliter. The folic acid was 3.8 ng (normal, 6 to 15 ng); the vitamin B12 was . . .
Saliva in the diagnosis of diseases
Authors: Chen-Zi Zhang, Xing-Qun Cheng, Ji-Yao Li, Ping Zhang, Ping Yi, Xin Xu, Xue-Dong Zhou
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2016)

Saliva is secreted from the salivary glands and has multiple functions, including mouth cleaning and protection, antibacterial effects and digestion. With the rapid advancement in salivaomics, saliva is well recognized as a pool of biological markers. Saliva, as a non-invasive and safe source, could be a substitute for blood in the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. This review summarizes the latest advancements in saliva-related studies and addresses the potential value of saliva in the early diagnosis of oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal disease, as well as cancer, diabetes and other systemic disorders. Saliva biomarkers range from changes in the biochemical indices of DNA, RNA and proteins to the diversification of microbiota structures. This study integrates data reported in the recent literature and discusses the clinical significance and prospects for the application of saliva in the early diagnosis of diseases, translational medicine and precision medicine. Saliva has the potential to be used for diagnosis of a wide range of diseases. Xue-Dong Zhou and colleagues from China's Sichuan University reviewed recent literature on the prospects of using saliva in the early diagnosis of diseases and in translational and precision medicine. They conclude that saliva can be used instead of blood to diagnose a variety of diseases. Saliva is simple and non-invasive to collect, and convenient to store. As well as containing high-quality DNA, it contains biomarkers that can be used to detect early stages of oral diseases, such as caries, gum disease, and oral cancer, in addition to pancreatic, breast, prostate and lung cancers and a variety of other conditions. Research in this area is still in its early stages and means of evaluating salivary content need to be standardized.
Cystatin-C a sensitive diagnostic marker for evaluation of the renal function in patients with cisplatin based chemotherapy
Authors: E. Bölke, C. Matuschek, M. Peiper, C. Giro, M. Pelzer, W. Budach, S. Gripp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

13520 Background: Cystatin C has recently been proposed as an ideal marker for glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In this pilot study, cystatin C serum levels were evaluated in comparison to serum creatinine concentrations and plasma clearance of chromium 51-labeled EDTA (Cr-EDTA), in patients with advanced head and neck carcinoma receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy to assess the validity of cystatin C as an alternative endogenous marker of GFR. Methods: Blood samples for the assessment of cystatin C, creatinine and chromium 51 clearances were collected in patients before and after application of cisplatin. Overall, 35 patients were included in the study, 22 of them were eligible receiving cisplatin -based chemotherapy schedules. Results: A 18% increase of cystatin C serum levels was demonstrated after application of cisplatin. Analysis of chromium 51-labeled EDTA clearance revealed a 21% loss of GFR. In contrast, significant changes could not be detected by analysis of serum creatinine levels. Conclusions: Cystatin C represents a more sensitive clinical marker than serum creatinine for the early assessment of GFR damage caused by cisplatin. Changes in cystatin C serum concentrations correlate well to GFR decrease as measured by chromium 51 labeled EDTA. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Analysis of Intellectual Disability Copy Number Variants for Association With Schizophrenia
Authors: Elliott Rees, Kimberley Kendall, Antonio F. Pardiñas, Sophie E. Legge, Andrew Pocklington, Valentina Escott-Price, James H. MacCabe, David A. Collier, Peter Holmans, Michael C. O’Donovan, Michael J. Owen, James T. R. Walters, George Kirov
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> At least 11 rare copy number variants (CNVs) have been shown to be major risk factors for schizophrenia (SZ). These CNVs also increase the risk for other neurodevelopmental disorders, such as intellectual disability. It is possible that additional intellectual disability–associated CNVs increase the risk for SZ but have not yet been implicated in SZ because of previous studies being underpowered. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine whether additional CNVs implicated in intellectual disability represent novel SZ risk loci. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> We used single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array data to evaluate a set of 51 CNVs implicated in intellectual disability (excluding the known SZ loci) in a large data set of patients with SZ and healthy persons serving as controls recruited in a variety of settings. We analyzed a new sample of 6934 individuals with SZ and 8751 controls and combined those data with previously published large data sets for a total of 20 403 cases of SZ and 26 628 controls. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Burden analysis of CNVs implicated in intellectual disability (excluding known SZ CNVs) for association with SZ. Association of individual intellectual disability CNV loci with SZ. <h3>Results</h3> Of data on the 20 403 cases (6151 [30.15%] female) and 26 628 controls (14 252 [53.52%] female), 51 intellectual disability CNVs were analyzed. Collectively, intellectual disability CNVs were significantly enriched for SZ (<i>P</i> = 1.0 × 10<sup>−6</sup>; odds ratio [OR], 1.9 [95% CI, 1.46-2.49]). Of the 51 CNVs tested, 19 (37%) were more common in SZ cases; only 4 (8%) were more common in controls (no observations were made for the remaining 28 [55%] loci). One novel locus, deletion at 16p12.1, was significantly associated with SZ after correction for multiple testing (rate in SZ, 33 [0.16%]; rate in controls, 12 [0.05%]; corrected<i>P</i> = .017; OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.61-7.05), and 2 loci reached nominal levels of significance (deletions at 2q11.2: 6 [0.03%] vs 1 [0.004%]; OR, 9.3; 95% CI, 1.03-447.76; corrected<i>P</i> &gt; .99; and duplications at 10q11.21q11.23: 5 [0.2%] vs 0 [0.03%]; OR, infinity; 95% CI, 1.26-infinity; corrected<i>P</i> = .71). Our new data set also provided independent support for the 11 SZ risk loci previously reported to be associated with the disorder and for the protective effect of 22q11.2 duplication. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> A large proportion of CNV loci implicated in intellectual disability are risk factors for SZ, but the available sample size precludes statistical confirmation for additional individual loci.
Travel-associated and autochthonous Zika virus infection in mainland France, 1 January to 15 July 2016
Authors: A Septfons, I Leparc-Goffart, E Couturier, F Franke, J Deniau, A Balestier, A Guinard, G Heuzé, A H Liebert, A Mailles, JR Ndong, I Poujol, S Raguet, C Rousseau, A Saidouni-Oulebsir, C Six, M Subiros, V Servas, E Terrien, H Tillaut, D Viriot, M Watrin, K Wyndels
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2016)

During summer 2016, all the conditions for local mosquito-borne transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) are met in mainland France: a competent vector, Aedes albopictus , a large number of travellers returning from ZIKV-affected areas, and an immunologically naive population. From 1 January to 15 July 2016, 625 persons with evidence of recent ZIKV infection were reported in mainland France. We describe the surveillance system in place and control measures implemented to reduce the risk of infection.
Autoantibodies to the presumptive cytoplasmic domain of platelet glycoprotein IIIa in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura [published erratum appears in Blood 1991 Dec 1;78(11):3109]
Authors: K Fujisawa, TE O'Toole, P Tani, JC Loftus, EF Plow, MH Ginsberg, R McMillan
Journal: Blood (1991)
Hospitalization Outcome Metrics Based On Payer Status In Myeloma Patients That Receive Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT)
Authors: Sachit Gowda, Amelia Langston, Jonathan L. Kaufman, Nishi N Shah, Mary Jo Lechowicz, Lawrence H. Boise, Sagar Lonial, Ajay K. Nooka
Journal: Blood (2013)
Whole-Exome Sequencing Reveals a Paucity of Somatic Gene Mutations in Aplastic Anemia and Refractory Cytopenia of Childhood
Authors: Yusuke Okuno, Atsushi Narita, Hideki Muramatsu, Kenichi Yoshida, Asahito Hama, Xinan Wang, Yinyan Xu, Nozomu Kawashima, Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Sayoko Doisaki, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, Yuichi Shiraishi, Kenichi Chiba, Hiroko Tanaka, Satoru Miyano, Seishi Ogawa, Seiji Kojima
Journal: Blood (2014)
Survival With Bone Marrow Transplantation Versus Hydroxyurea or Interferon for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Robert Peter Gale, Rüdiger Hehlmann, Mei Jie Zhang, Joerg Hasford, John M. Goldman, Hermann Heimpel, Andreas Hochhaus, John P. Klein, Hans Jochem Kolb, Philip B. McGlave, Jakob R. Passweg, Philip A. Rowlings, Kathleen A. Sobocinski, Mary M. Horowitz
Journal: Blood (1998)
Loss of PRDM1/BLIMP-1 function contributes to poor prognosis of activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Y Xia, Z Y Xu-Monette, A Tzankov, X Li, G C Manyam, V Murty, G Bhagat, S Zhang, L Pasqualucci, C Visco, K Dybkaer, A Chiu, A Orazi, Y Zu, K L Richards, E D Hsi, W W L Choi, J H van Krieken, J Huh, M Ponzoni, A J M Ferreri, M B Møller, B M Parsons, J N Winter, M A Piris, J Westin, N Fowler, R N Miranda, C Y Ok, Y Li, J Li, L J Medeiros, K H Young
Journal: Leukemia (2016)
Cause of Suspected Non–Alzheimer Disease Pathophysiology
Authors: Sylvia Villeneuve
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal