tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of Perfluorochemical Liquid Allows Earlier Detection of Gene Expression and Use of Less Vector in Normal Lung and Enhances Gene Expression in Acutely Injured Lung
Authors: Daniel J. Weiss, Laura Bonneau, Denny Liggitt
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

One of the obstacles to successful lung gene transfer is effective delivery of vector to lung, particularly injured or diseased lung. We have previously demonstrated that intratracheal instillation of perfluorochemical (PFC) liquids along with instillation of recombinant adenovirus and adeno-associated virus vectors, or with cationic liposome vectors, increased total lung gene expression and enhanced distribution of gene expression throughout the lung. To further explore the potential benefits of PFC liquid use, we evaluated the effect of PFC liquid instillation on several other aspects of adenovirus-mediated gene expression in lung. Use of PFC liquid resulted in earlier detection of gene expression and allowed the use of less vector to achieve expression comparable to that observed with the use of higher amounts of vector alone. Using PFC liquid also enhanced gene expression in a rodent model of acute lung injury. PFC liquid did cause a transient inflammation when instilled into normal lungs but did not cause any additional inflammation when instilled alone or with adenovirus vector into acutely injured lungs. Thus, PFC liquid may be a useful adjunct for clinical lung gene transfer, particularly for injured or diseased lungs. One of the obstacles to successful lung gene transfer is effective delivery of vector to lung, particularly injured or diseased lung. We have previously demonstrated that intratracheal instillation of perfluorochemical (PFC) liquids along with instillation of recombinant adenovirus and adeno-associated virus vectors, or with cationic liposome vectors, increased total lung gene expression and enhanced distribution of gene expression throughout the lung. To further explore the potential benefits of PFC liquid use, we evaluated the effect of PFC liquid instillation on several other aspects of adenovirus-mediated gene expression in lung. Use of PFC liquid resulted in earlier detection of gene expression and allowed the use of less vector to achieve expression comparable to that observed with the use of higher amounts of vector alone. Using PFC liquid also enhanced gene expression in a rodent model of acute lung injury. PFC liquid did cause a transient inflammation when instilled into normal lungs but did not cause any additional inflammation when instilled alone or with adenovirus vector into acutely injured lungs. Thus, PFC liquid may be a useful adjunct for clinical lung gene transfer, particularly for injured or diseased lungs.
Recombinant Interferon Alfa Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, Paul Martin, Chris Kassianides, Mauricio Lisker-Melman, Linda Murray, Jeanne Waggoner, Zachary Goodman, Steven M. Banks, Jay H. Hoofnagle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Infection with the hepatitis C virus may result in chronic liver disease for which no effective therapy is now available. We studied the effects of recombinant human interferon alfa in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with well-documented chronic hepatitis C. Forty-one patients were enrolled in the trial, 37 of whom were later found to have antibody to hepatitis C virus. Twenty-one patients received interferon alfa (2 million units) subcutaneously three times weekly for six months, and 20 received placebo. The mean serum aminotransferase levels and the histologic features of the liver improved significantly in the patients treated with interferon but not in the patients given placebo. Ten patients treated with interferon (48 percent) had a complete response, defined as a decline in mean serum aminotransferase levels to the normal range during therapy; three others had a decrease in mean aminotransferase levels of more than 50 percent. After treatment ended, however, serum aminotransferases usually returned to pretreatment levels; 6 to 12 months after the discontinuation of interferon therapy, only two patients (10 percent) still had normal values. We conclude that interferon alfa therapy is beneficial in reducing disease activity in chronic hepatitis C; however, the beneficial responses are often transient. (N Engl J Med 1989; 321:1506–10.)
PWE-126 Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (sbp) Is Rare Among Routine Elective Day-case Therapeutic Paracentesis: Is Routine Fluid Analysis Justified?
Authors: A Sugumaran, D Martin, M Czajkowski, A Yeoman
Journal: Gut (2014)

Introduction SBP is a serious infection in patients with cirrhosis and is associated with a high risk of mortality. EASL guidelines recommend a diagnostic tap and testing of white cell count on samples for all patients with new onset ascites or those hospitalised with deterioration. Whether this is still necessary in patients undergoing elective paracentesis for diuretic resistant ascites is unknown. We set out to determine the incidence of SBP in a cohort of patients undergoing ascitic tap on an inpatient or elective outpatient basis. Methods We retrospectively analysed data from the Gwent Liver Unit database and compared rates of SBP between those having an ascitic tap during an acute admission and those who underwent paracentesis as an elective day-case. SBP was confirmed by the presence of >250 polymorphs/ml3. Results In total 274 ascitic tap samples were reviewed, 176 from inpatients and 98 following elective paracentesis. 22 episodes of SBP were diagnosed (total incidence 8%). 21 episodes of SBP occurred among inpatients (incidence 12%) and just 1 in elective paracentesis patients (1%). However this individual had a previous SBP but unfortunately did not continue on her secondary antibiotic prophylaxis. Organisms were identified in 9 of 21 (42%) inpatients with SBP (3 E coli, 3 Klebsiella and 3 Streptococci) but none was identified in the only elective outpatient with SBP. Conclusion The incidence of SBP is extremely low among elective outpatients so the recommendation to routinely test for SBP in this cohort is questionable unless clinical features suggest an acute deterioration. Disclosure of Interest None Declared.
Diagnosis of Focal Nodular Hyperplasia with Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy Using a Modified SPECT Technique
Authors: Dagmar Steiner, Rigobert Klett, Maximilian Puille, Wilhelm Doppl, Richard Bauer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

STEINER, DAGMAR M.D.; KLETT, RIGOBERT M.D.; PUILLE, MAXIMILIAN M.D.; DOPPL, WILHELM M.D.; BAUER, RICHARD M.D., PH.D. Author Information
SP0043 Promoting Important Behavioural Changes in Musculoskeletal Disease – is Evidence Informing Practice?
Authors: K. Knittle
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3></h3> Health behaviours and lifestyle factors such as weight management, physical activity, medication adherence and smoking cessation are associated with the progression and impact of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). While healthcare professionals generally understand the importance of these behavioural and lifestyle factors and make some efforts to address each of them in kind, they do not necessarily view themselves as competent in helping patients to change behaviour, and the interventions typically employed in practice seem to fall short of what is considered best practice in the behaviour change literature. This session will provide an overview of current theories of behaviour change, and outline how the process of behaviour change typically unfolds among patients with arthritis. It will then present research which has examined the makeup of "usual care" for behaviour change among patients with OA and RA, and examine how this stacks up to best practice definitions. Finally, it will provide practical tips and principles that can be implemented to help guide behaviour and lifestyle change efforts in practice. Most importantly, practitioners would do well to adopt a less prescriptive and more patient-centred approach, and to help patients formulate personal change goals, translate their good intentions into specific action plans, and prompt patients to monitor and review their progress towards these self-chosen goals. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.6194
Addison's Disease Complicated by Chronic Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Louis Ravreby, Wilbur H. Sawyer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

IN THE classic description of the disease that bears his name, Addison presented no significant clinical evidence of renal disease in any of the 11 cases he reported. Of those cases, all of which were autopsied, only one is reported to have been diffusely pathologic. He describes the kidneys of this case as "contracted and granular."1 Review of the Recent Literature Regarding the effect of adrenocortical insufficiency in renal function, it is fair to state that very little of anything happens to renal function in the intercritical phases of Addison's disease. On the other hand, nearly all investigators find rather . . .
PTH-013 Missed Opportunities for Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Impact on Medium-Term Survival
Authors: P G Vaughan-Shaw, H Knight, M Aung, T Williams, N R Borley, J M Wheeler
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Delays to diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) may impact upon patient outcome. There is an accepted false-negative rate for all endoscopic or radiological investigations, yet clinicians may be falsely reassured by negative findings. This study identifies cases of CRC diagnosed late after negative investigations and determines outcome in this cohort. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective comparative cohort study was performed. Cases of CRC over a 12-month period were identified. Radiological and endoscopic investigations performed up to 5 years previously were reviewed. Episodes of negative investigations were considered ‘missed’ opportunities for diagnosis. Clinical outcomes were compared using chi-squared test and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. <h3>Results</h3> 396 colorectal cancers were identified with 214 (54%) males and median age 72. Of these, 29 (7%) patients had undergone negative investigations including colonoscopy (n = 8), flexible sigmoidoscopy (n = 7), barium enema (n = 7) and CT for abdominal symptoms (n = 20) (‘missed’ group) within the previous 5 years, median 817 days prior to diagnosis. Age, mode of presentation, tumour site, pT and pN stage were comparable between groups. Metastases at presentation were more common in the ‘missed’ group (28% <i>vs.</i> 14%, p = 0.046) and survival at median follow-up of 416 days was significantly reduced (66% <i>vs.</i> 88%, p = 0.0004). <h3>Conclusion</h3> A small proportion (7%) of patients with colorectal cancer has undergone previous negative abdominal or colonic investigation. Such episodes may represent missed opportunities for diagnosis and survival is significantly reduced in such patients. The recognition that endoscopic and radiological investigations may miss lesions should encourage repeat or alternative interval investigations where concerning symptoms exist. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Propranolol for Prevention of Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with Cirrhosis
Authors: Didier Lebrec, Thierry Poynard, Patrick Hillon, Jean-Pierre Benhamou
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

It has been suggested that because propranolol decreases portal venous pressure, it may prevent gastrointestinal bleeding associated with portal hypertension. We randomly assigned 74 patients with cirrhosis, who were admitted because of gastrointestinal bleeding, to either oral propranolol given in doses that reduced the heart rate by 25 per cent (38 patients) or to a placebo (36 patients). The proportion of patients free of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding one year after inclusion in this study was 96 per cent in the propranolol group and 50 per cent in the placebo group (P less than 0.0001). We conclude that continuous administration of propranolol by mouth is effective in preventing recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis.
All-<i>trans</i>-Retinoic Acid in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Martin S. Tallman, Janet W. Andersen, Charles A. Schiffer, Frederick R. Appelbaum, James H. Feusner, Angela Ogden, Lois Shepherd, Cheryl Willman, Clara D. Bloomfield, Jacob M. Rowe, Peter H. Wiernik
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

All-trans-retinoic acid induces complete remission in acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, it is not clear whether induction therapy with all-trans-retinoic acid is superior to chemotherapy alone or whether maintenance treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid improves outcome.
CN-21 * RISK MODELING FOR TEMOZOLOMIDE (TMZ)-MYELOTOXICITY IN PATIENTS WITH GLIOBLASTOMA TREATED ON RTOG 0825
Authors: R. Zhou, M. Scheurer, E. Vera-Bolanos, M. Gilbert, M. Bondy, E. Sulman, S. Hilsenbeck, M. Wendland, D. Brachman, K. Roof, R. Komaki, M. Deutsch, D. Andrews, B. Anderson, R. J. Lee, S. Pugh, T. Armstrong
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: TMZ is well tolerated with a relatively low incidence of myelotoxicity, which can nonetheless result in treatment delays or death. Our goal was to evaluate risk and validate prediction models in newly diagnosed patients treated with TMZ +/- bevacizumab (BEV). METHODS: Models (from recurrent disease) in newly diagnosed patients (who participated in RTOG 0825) were evaluated. Then independent gender specific models were developed using logistic regression with backward selection (p ≤0.15), to select candidate risk factors . Treatment group (TMZ/placebo or TMZ/BEV) and age were included into the final models as potential confounders. A summary risk score was computed by counting the number of final risk factors that were present. RESULTS: Clinical data from 591 cases was included. Incidence of myelotoxicity was greater in women compared with men (35% versus 15%). Previously published recurrent models did not predict risk in the newly diagnosed patients. For men, the final model included: TMZ/BEV group (OR:1.96;p = 0.04); non-smoker (OR:2.83,p < 0.01); on corticosteroids (OR:1.96;p = 0.09); hemoglobin <13g/dl (OR:2.11, p = 0.04). Patients with risk scores 0-2 were associated with an 8% myelotoxicity risk; scores of 3-5 with 21% risk. For woman, the final model included: KPS≤ 80 (OR:1.78,p = 0.06); incomplete tumor resection (OR:2.57; p = 0.01), BSA < 1.78 (OR:1.99, p = 0.07); age ≥58 yrs (OR:1.76, p = 0.07); BUN < 13 (OR:2.63, p = 0.01); Platelet <313k (OR:2.29; p = 0.02); on non-enzyme inducing anticonvulsants (OR:1.81, p = 0.06) or enzyme inducing anticonvulsants (OR 1.96, p = 0.16), or no anticoagulants (OR:5.87,p = 0.03). Risk score of 1-4 was associated with low risk (13%) while 5-9 was high risk (46%). CONCLUSIONS: TMZ myelotoxicity is a significant clinical issue, and predicting risk should allow treatment optimization. This clinical model suggests that clinical factors can be used to select a group at higher risk. Future work will attempt to improve prediction by inclusion of genetic polymorphisms. Support: -1R01NR013707-01A1, U10CA21661, U10CA180868, U10CA180822, U10 CA37422, U24CA180803 from (NCI), NIH grant- 1R01NR013707-01A1 and Genentech.
IARC Director Juggles Agency's Public Health Mission With Cutting-Edge Research
Authors: T. Reynolds
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article IARC Director Juggles Agency's Public Health Mission With Cutting-Edge Research Get access Tom Reynolds Tom Reynolds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 20, 18 October 1995, Pages 1507–1510, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.20.1507 Published: 18 October 1995
Some empirical qualifications to the arguments for an argumentative theory
Authors: Christopher R. Wolfe
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract The empirical research on the psychology of argumentation suggests that people are prone to fallacies and suboptimal performance in generating, comprehending, and evaluating arguments. Reasoning and argumentation are interrelated skills that use many of the same cognitive processes. The processes we use to convince others are also used to convince ourselves. Argumentation would be ineffective if we couldn't reason for ourselves.
Abstract 4775: Role of FoxM1 survival pathway in primary effusion lymphoma cells
Authors: Maqbool Ahmed, Azhar R. Hussain, Saeeda O. Ahmed, Rong Bu, Saravanan Thangavel, Leonidas C. Platanias, Khawla S. Al-Kuraya, Shahab Uddin
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is associated with Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) but its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Many KSHV-associated products can deregulate cellular pathways commonly targeted in cancer. The clinical features and natural history of PELs differ greatly from those observed in other lymphomas. The failure to improve outcomes with treatment intensification indicates the need for the introduction of new therapeutic options. Forkhead Box M1 (FoxM1) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of a number of genes that are involved in cell cycle regulation and metastasis. Over-expression of FoxM1 has been shown in a variety of cancer however its role has not been fully elucidated in PELs. We found that FoxM1 is constitutively expressed in PELs and treatment of PELs with thiostrepton; a specific inhibitor of FoxM1 inhibits cell viability and induces apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. In addition, thiostrepton treatment also efficiently blocks formation of colonies on agarose plates as well as inhibits cell invasion and migration of PEL cell. Thiostrepton treatment causes down-regulation of FoxM1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in PEL cells leading to activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Thiostrepton treatment causes conformational changes of Bax protein, leading to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c to the cytosole. This leads to activation of caspase-9, caspase-3, and polyadenosin-5’-diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage leading to caspase-dependent apoptosis. Altogether, this data demonstrates the possible role of FoxM1 in pathogenesis of PELs and raise the possibility that incorporation of thiostrepton in treatment regimens for primary effusion lymphomas may improve the overall survival of patients suffering from this malignancy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4775. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4775
FACTORES IMPLICADOS EN LA INCIDENCIA DE PANCREATITIS AGUDA POST-CPRE EN UN CENTRO DE TERCER NIVEL
Authors: MJ García, S Llerena, C Alonso, MT Arias, L Martín, Á Terán, J De La Peña
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Introducción: La pancreatitis aguda (PA) es la complicación más frecuente asociada a la colangio-pancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE). Se han descrito diferentes factores relacionados con el riesgo de PA post-CPRE (PAPCPRE). Existen dos intervenciones que han demostrado disminuir su incidencia como el uso de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos y la colocación de prótesis pancreáticas (PP).
USO DE PRÓTESIS CHOOSTENT EN ESTENOSIS, FISTULAS O FUGAS ESFÁGICAS EN PATOLOGÍA MALIGNA DEL ESÓFAGO Y CARDIAS
Authors: A Rodríguez D'Jesús, A Mendez, M Barcelona
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Objetivo: Analizar de forma prospectiva los resultados de la inserción de prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles cubiertas tipo Choostent® como método de paliación de la disfagia, fístulas o fugas esofágicas secundarias patología maligna del esófago y cardias.
Abstract 4686: <i>MAL</i> is down-regulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma and suppresses proliferation, invasion, tumorigenicity of oral cancer cells, <i>in vitro and in vivo</i>
Authors: Wantao Chen, Wei Cao, Ping Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: The molecular mechanisms involved in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) still remain unclear to date. Our previous study revealed that MAL was down-regulated in the tissues of oral squamous cell carcinomas tested by cDNA microarray analysis. In order to identify the function of MAL, the effects on the proliferation, invasion and apoptotic potential in oral cancer cell lines were investigated, in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Expression levels of MAL mRNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues and oral cancer cell lines were examined by semi-quantitive reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and quantitive Real-time PCR. OSCC cell line, Tca cells, were transiently and stably transfected with the full-length MAL cDNA sequence or the empty expression vector pcDNA3.1. Transient and stable gene transfers were verified by Western blot analysis and RT-PCR. Subsequently, WST-8 assay, colony-formation assay, and flow cytometry were used to assess the effects of MAL on the proliferation of Tca cells. Furthermore, PI staining, 7-AAD and annexin V staining and detecting the level of cleavage PARP protein were used to examine apoptosis of Tca cells by MAL gene transfer. Finally, Invasion and tumorigenicity potential of MAL-expressing or MAL-nonexpressing Tca cells was investigated by invasion assay in vitro and tumorigenicity assay in vivo. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Expression of MAL was decreased in 86.7% (26/30) OSCC tissues compared with the matched normal tissues by semi-quantitive RT-PCR (P=0.0004). In concordance with the results from OSCC tissues, the relative transcript levels of MAL gene were significantly five-fold lower in 9 OSCC cell lines than in normal oral epithelium cells by real-time PCR. A significant reduction in cell proliferation and a change in cell cycle phase were observed in MAL transfectants. Matrigel assays demonstrated that the OSCC cell invasiveness was significantly decreased. A strong increase in population of apoptotic cells by MAL gene transfer was also observed. Xenografts growth was inhibited in cells expressing MAL compared with cells not expressing MAL (P=0.018). Conclusion: The results showed that MAL is able to suppress malignant phenotypes of OSCC, such as proliferation, apoptosis and invasion, and inhibit tumorigenicity in vivo by transient and stable transfection and suggested MAL might be a candidate of tumor suppression gene. This gene may become a promising target molecule for OSCC diagnosis and gene therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4686.