tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tamoxifen, Raloxifene, and the Prevention of Breast Cancer
Authors: V. C. Jordan
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1999)

The recognition of a new group of drugs, now named selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) has revolutionized prospects for the prevention of breast cancer. New agents will continue to be tested against tamoxifen, the first SERM and an established treatment of ER positive breast cancer. Raloxifene a related SERM is used to treat and prevent osteoporosis with the potential beneficial side effect of preventing breast cancer. The Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) trial will establish whether raloxifene is an improvement over tamoxifen. Most importantly, emerging information about the molecular pharmacology of SERMs will be used to decipher the mechanism of action at specific target sites around a woman's body. This knowledge can be used to design new SERMs and advance the prospects for multifunctional medicine to prevent breast cancer, osteoporosis and coronary heart disease.
SP0165 Cardiovascular Risk in IMIDS
Authors: Z. Szekanecz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Accelerated atherosclerosis leading to increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality has been associated with immune-mediated inflammatory diseses (IMIDs). Systemic inflammation underlying IMIDs, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthropathies (SpA), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) or psoriasis may be the leading trigger of inflammatory CV disease. Here the major pathogenic pathways involved in IMID-related atherosclerosis, screening and diagnostic methods, prognostic factors, as well as practical recommendations for management and prevention will be discussed. It is important to note that –CV disease is a crucial comorbidity in IMIDs –mostly inflammatory mechanisms, but also traditional risk factors have been implicated –patients with IMID should be regularly screened for CV and metabolic disorders –various means of prevention should be applied to all patients at high risk –traditional vasculoprotection is important, however, antirheumatic therapy including biological and concventional DMARDs may have beneficial effects on the vasculature. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Basal cell carcinoma in organ transplant recipients
Authors: S.‐Y. Li, A.A. Qureshi, W.‐Q. Li
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Journal Article Basal cell carcinoma in organ transplant recipients Get access S.‐Y. Li, S.‐Y. Li Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Shandong University Jinan Shandong Province ChinaDepartment of Dermatology Warren Alpert Medical School Brown University Providence RI U.S.A Correspondence: Wen‐Qing Li. E‐mail: Wen-Qing_Li@brown.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.A. Qureshi, A.A. Qureshi Department of Dermatology Warren Alpert Medical School Brown University Providence RI U.S.ADepartment of Epidemiology School of Public Health Brown University Providence RI U.S.AChanning Division of Network Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MAU.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.‐Q. Li W.‐Q. Li Department of Dermatology Warren Alpert Medical School Brown University Providence RI U.S.ADepartment of Epidemiology School of Public Health Brown University Providence RI U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 174, Issue 1, 1 January 2016, Pages 16–17, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.14260 Published: 01 January 2016
Letter to the editor
Authors: Martin J. Inwood, Sam Thomson, Paul Harris
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

During the performance of a routine reticulocyte preparation using brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) [l] it was noted that the majority of the elliptocytic erythrocytes from an individual with hereditary elliptocytosis reverted to normal discoid forms.The same phenomenon was noted using an unanticoagulated fresh blood sample in addition to the EDTA and heparinized samples.In order to assess the significance of this observation, the erythrocytes from a further six individuals with hereditary elliptocytosis and four with elliptocytosis secondary to renal failure were tested against three different sources of BCB.Similar reversion of elliptocytes back to normal discoid forms was noted with two out of the three stain sources.In attempting to explain this phenomenon we considered that the shape change may be due to a change in the redox potential of the elliptocytic cells brought about by the BCB.A 1 % solution of potassium metabisulphate in saline, another reducing substance, was substituted for the BCB, and a similar but not so profound change in reverting the elliptocytes back to normal discoid forms was observed in all samples.Conversely the addition of an oxidizing agent, 1 % potassium ferricyanide, caused these discoid forms to revert back to their original elliptocytic shape again.Further experiments using appropriate controls showed that no shape changes using these reagents could be demonstrated with spherocytes from cases of hereditary or acquired spherocytosis.We are at a loss to explain this apparent in vitro spontaneous change of the elliptocytic erythrocyte to a normal discoid in the presence of a reducing agent.A review of the literature has been unhelpful with recent literature relating the shape change associated with elliptocytosis to the erythrocyte skeleton rather than to ionic forces [2].We would be grateful for any recommendations or advice which would provide an explanation for the above observations.
Linguistic performance in vulnerable and autistic children and their mothers
Authors: S M Frank, D A Allen, L Stein, B Myers
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

The authors studied the language patterns of schizophrenic mothers and their 4-year-old children, and compared them with the speech of normal mothers and children and normal mothers with autistic children. They found that children of schizophrenic mothers showed lags in language development and language distortions less severe than but in some ways similar to those seen in autistic children. Schizophrenic mothers were more likely to produce more deficient and/or distorted language in interactions with their children. Mothers of autistic children produced language that was equal to or above that of mothers of normal children on most parameters and adjusted their language to the chronological rather than the linguistic age of the child.
Enhancing the predictive value of throat swabs in virological influenza surveillance
Authors: K Leitmeyer, U Buchholz, M. Kramer, B Schweiger
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2002)

According to a national survey in Germany, the influenza virological surveillance can be improved when sentinel practitioners take throat swabs specimens only from patients who consult early after the disease onset (ie, within 48 hours), and when they use the strict clinical case definition of influenza-like illness. PCR should be used for primary detection of influenza viruses.
Case 11-1977
Authors: Gerald S. Foster, William R. Welch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Presentation of CaseA 57-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal pain and vomiting.The patient had chronic paranoid schizophrenia of long standing, which was managed on an ambulatory basis with chlorpromazine. Twenty months before admission a grand-mal seizure occurred, and phenytoin sodium was begun. She was then well, without recurrence of seizures. Several months before admission she began to lose weight, associated with a decrease in caliber of her stools with the occasional passage of bright-red blood and constipation alternating with diarrhea. During the week before entry she lost 2 kg in weight. Four days before . . .
Mercy
Authors: Elizabeth B. Fortescue
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SP0236 Quality Indicators in Rheumatology
Authors: E. Loza
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> The interest in clinical excellence is steadily increasing in rheumatology. For this purpose, routine audit and feedback on provided care is needed to improve the quality of that care. Quality indicators are excellent tool to measure our performance if they are feasible for use in routine practice. <h3>Objective</h3> To describe published quality indicators in rheumatology. <h3>Methods</h3> A literature review was performed. <h3>Results</h3> During the last 10 years, the number of publications on quality indicators in rheumatology is not excessive. Quality indicators have been developed for different rheumatic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, spondyloarthritis or lupus. Most of them were generated through systematic literature reviews and experts opinions. Not all included patients or health care policy makers. Although they cover different aspects of clinical performance like structure (as patient information, number of rheumatologists, calculation of composite scores) or outcomes (patients and professionals satisfaction, effect of treatment on disease activity) most of them are focused on processes (as the access of care, assessments, or pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments). However, there is a lack of studies reporting the implementation of quality indicators. As it has been described with standards of care, several barriers might explain this situation including the lack of knowledge and clinical excellence culture, personal disagreement with quality indicators, lack of motivation, of time and lack of support by health care providers, organizations and governments. <h3>Conclusions</h3> More efforts should be considered to develop and implement quality indicators in routine clinical care. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Role of Adiponectin in Coronary Heart Disease Risk
Authors: Maria Carolina Borges, Debbie A. Lawlor, Cesar de Oliveira, Jon White, Bernardo Lessa Horta, Aluísio J.D. Barros
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

Rationale: Hypoadiponectinemia correlates with several coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. However, it is unknown whether adiponectin is causally implicated in CHD pathogenesis. Objective: We aimed to investigate the causal effect of adiponectin on CHD risk. Methods and Results: We undertook a Mendelian randomization study using data from genome-wide association studies consortia. We used the ADIPOGen consortium to identify genetic variants that could be used as instrumental variables for the effect of adiponectin. Data on the association of these genetic variants with CHD risk were obtained from CARDIoGRAM (22 233 CHD cases and 64 762 controls of European ancestry) and from CARDIoGRAMplusC4D Metabochip (63 746 cases and 130 681 controls; ≈ 91% of European ancestry) consortia. Data on the association of genetic variants with adiponectin levels and with CHD were combined to estimate the influence of blood adiponectin on CHD risk. In the conservative approach (restricted to using variants within the adiponectin gene as instrumental variables), each 1 U increase in log blood adiponectin concentration was associated with an odds ratio for CHD of 0.83 (95% confidence interval, 0.68–1.01) in CARDIoGRAM and 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.84–1.12) in CARDIoGRAMplusC4D Metabochip. Findings from the liberal approach (including variants in any locus across the genome) indicated a protective effect of adiponectin that was attenuated to the null after adjustment for known CHD predictors. Conclusions: Overall, our findings do not support a causal role of adiponectin levels in CHD pathogenesis.
A Sex Difference in the Kidney Glucuronidase Activity of Inbred Mice
Authors: Morrow, Andrew G., Carroll, Dorothy M., Greenspan, Ezra M.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1951)

Journal Article A Sex Difference in the Kidney Glucuronidase Activity of Inbred Mice Get access Andrew G. Morrow, Andrew G. Morrow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dorothy M. Carroll, Dorothy M. Carroll Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ezra M. Greenspan Ezra M. Greenspan Clinical Research Unit, National Cancer Institute, U. S. Marine Hospital, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 11, Issue 4, February 1951, Pages 663–669, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/11.4.663 Published: 01 February 1951 Article history Received: 05 July 1950 Published: 01 February 1951
PTU-048 What does open access endoscopy achieve: ten years on
Authors: F Price, N Vincent, R Miah, R Boulton
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Guidelines for referral of patients with suspected upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancer were introduced by NICE in 2002, with the aim of detecting cancer early to improve survival.<sup>1</sup>We undertook a re-audit of GP referred OGDs performed under the NICE guidelines at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, in one year and compared it to audit of 2002.<sup>2</sup> Our previous audit confirmed that in young patients without alarm symptoms endoscopy rarely found important pathology.<sup>2</sup>We predicted fewer OGDs in patients under fifty five years of age would be requested, and that by biassing our practice to an older patient group the relative yield of pathology would increase. <h3>Method</h3> Retrospective analysis of 729 GP referred OGDs performed over one year. We collected age, referral reason (s) and outcome (s) for all OGDs. We correlated age with outcome and referral reason with outcome. <h3>Results</h3> We found that we performed twenty five percent less OGDs in patients under fifty five years old than in the previous audit (39% vs. 29%, p-value 0.0001), despite this there was a decrease in the diagnosis of upper GI cancer (1% vs. 1.8%). There was no correlation between age and important pathology or referral reason and outcome. The commonest referral reasons were dysphagia, weight loss and dyspepsia. The commonest outcomes were a normal OGD, hiatus hernia and gastritis. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There has been a statistically significant shift in the age distribution of patients undergoing OGD for suspected cancer and fewer young patients are referred, however this has not been associated with an increase in detection of important diagnoses, in fact the opposite has been shown. Our data suggests that a large proportion of open access GP referrals for OGDs do not detect any medically significant pathology, especially in patients under fifty five years. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> NICE. <i>Referral Guidelines for suspected cancer. </i>CG27. London, 2005 Sharma N, Kane K, Boulton R. What does open access endoscopy achieve?. Gut2002;<b>50</b>:A9-A13, doi:10.1136/gut.50.suppl_2.a9
PWE-094 Monitoring heart rate variability during acute decompensation predicts mortality and risk of recurrent hospitalisation
Authors: R Sawhney, D Chatterjee, A Gallego Leon, R Jalan, R Mookerjee
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In advanced cirrhosis, hospital admissions are common and mortality high from intercurrent illness, often associated with increased inflammation. The aim of this study was to use heart rate variability (HRV), previously correlated with cirrhosis severity, to determine patient outcome following admission to hospital with acute decompensation. <h3>Method</h3> Using a wireless-monitoring technology, Lifetouch®, we assessed HRV remotely (parameters- SDNN and RMSSD) in 32 patients (69% male; mean age 51.8 ± 12.3 years; 75% alcoholic cirrhosis) admitted to Royal Free Hospital with acute decompensation. Patients were followed until discharge and data collected on subsequent death, transplantation or last follow-up date to assess re-admission rate and disease severity. HRV data was compared with clinical and biochemical indices and correlated to patients’ outcome. <h3>Results</h3> HRV, as determined by SDNN, was significantly lower in patients who died or who required liver transplantation (p = 0.005). Lower SDNN was associated with the presence of ACLF (p = 0.006). SDNN inversely correlated with Child-Pugh, MELD-Na and CLIF-AD scores (p ≤ 0.0001 for all; r=-0.47, -0.52 and -0.62 respectively). ROC curve analysis demonstrated utility of SDNN for predicting mortality (AUC 0.81; p = 0.006) and this was better than Child-Pugh, MELD-Na and CLIF-AD in this cohort. Based on this analysis, an SDNN cut-off of 19.65 ms for predicting death was selected with sensitivity 100%, specificity 57% and NPV 100% (p = 0.004). Further application of this cut-off using time-to-event analyses showed patients with SDNN &gt;19.65 ms had significantly longer transplant-free survival (p = 0.004). Amongst patients discharged from hospital, there was a trend to delayed readmission with an SDNN &gt;19.65 ms (p = 0.07). Three patients died or were transplanted during their index admission and all had very low SDNN (&lt;11 ms). 67% of patients with subsequent readmission (median 109 days from discharge) and 75% with multiple admissions had SDNN &lt;19.65 ms. HRV measured by both SDNN and RMSSD correlated with white-cell count (SDNN r=-0.31, p = 0.002; RMSSD r=-0.47, p = 0.017). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study shows HRV to be an important prognostic criterion for mortality, transplant–free survival and risk for readmission following acute decompensation of cirrhosis. Furthermore, HRV correlates with increased inflammation following acute decompensation. Our data suggests HRV monitoring may have utility in identifying need for early intervention in patients discharged home after an episode of acutely decompensated cirrhosis. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
TMIC-19HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE GENE (HIG2) AND PERILIPIN 2 ARE SPECIFIC BIOMARKERS OF HYPOXIC TUMOR CELLS IN GLIOMA AND STROMAL CELLS IN CNS HEMANGIOBLASTOMA
Authors: David Zagzag, Jean-Pierre Gagner, Valerio Ortenzi, N. Sumru Bayin, Yasmeen Sarfraz, Luis Chiriboga, Dimitris Placantonakis
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BACKGROUND: Long considered to be inert organelles for lipid storage, lipid droplets (LDs) have recently attracted great interest as dynamic structures central to cellular lipid and energy metabolism. hypoxia-inducible gene (HIG2) and perilipin 2 (PLIN2, adipophilin) are LD-associated proteins known to be upregulated by hypoxia (Bensaad, 2014) and/or following von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene inactivation (Togashi, 2005; Yao, 2005). We sought to determine whether overexpression of HIG2 and PLIN2 in response to hypoxia or pseudohypoxia may be involved in these histopathologic features of glioma and hemangioblastoma. METHODS: Tumor specimens from 12 patients with glioma grade II-IV (age 3-59 y) and 23 patients with CNS hemangioblastoma (age 15-63 y) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to delineate their expression of HIG2 and PLIN2. To evaluate the role of hypoxia, glioblastoma (GBM) tissues (n = 2) were double-label immunostained for HIF-1α and PLIN2 (Zagzag, 2008). Additionally, cultures of tumor spheres isolated from GBM patients (n = 2) (Bayin, 2014) were exposed to hypoxic (1% O2) conditions for 24-72 h, and the cell proteins analyzed by Western blots. RESULTS: HIG2 and PLIN2 were consistently expressed on LDs in hypoxic glioma tumor cells, including pseudopalisading cells in GBMs, but not in adjacent hyperplastic vessels, inflammatory cells or normal brain tissue, independently of tumor grade or the presence of IDH1 (n = 3) and/or TP53 (n = 7) mutations. Likewise, LDs in stromal tumor cells in hemangioblastoma were intensely immunopositive for HIG2 and PLIN2. Double-label IHC showed tight co-expression of HIF-1α and PLIN2 in glioma tumor cells, consistent with the hypoxic regulation of PLIN2. Similarly, expression of HIF-1α and HIG2 proteins was upregulated in GBM tumor spheres under hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that HIG2 and PLIN2 are involved in the hypoxic adaptation of lipid metabolism during tumorigenesis, and may serve as specific biomarkers of glioma tumor cells and stromal cells in CNS hemangioblastoma.
Soundings: Identity crisis
Authors: Liam Farrell
Journal: BMJ (2003)

In this column last year I described how I had to perform a catheterisation on a flight from Florida with neither gloves nor lubricant. Since then I've become a jinx: a footballer defied the laws of anatomy and swallowed his tongue and I had to make a pretence of extricating it (I felt the crowd expected it of me); an over-enthusiastic lady dislocated a shoulder while throwing her panties at an Elvis impersonator; and my Auntie Mamie fell off a seaside donkey (at least that was funny).

There is no escape from my fate. We are doctors; if we are called, we gotta go, that's the deal. But one common thread runs through all of the above emergencies. My credentials as a doctor have never been questioned, despite my not looking much like a doctor, my lack of gravitas (you've either got it or you haven't—you can't learn it), and my nipple rings attracting some curious (though admiring) looks.

Like you, I'm sure, I carry nothing that definitively identifies me as a doctor. It's not on my passport, not on my driving licence, it's not etched on my forehead nor tattooed on my butt. We just introduce ourselves—“I'm a doctor”—and everyone else steps back and breathes a big sigh of relief, so alarmed by medical emergencies that they are only too delighted to hand over responsibility (especially to someone who is insured).

We are immediately taken at our word and allowed ultimate authority. It's a hoaxer's wonderland; after fumbling with the air passenger's genitals in the incident at the top of this column I could have said, “By the way, I'm not really a doctor at all; wheeeee!!”

People should be more suspicious; charlatans are everywhere, and perhaps we need some form of international physician's identity card. This would not be for our benefit—we already know who we are—but for the benefit of whoever is nominally in charge, be they air crew, paramedics, cops, clergy, relatives, friends, casual bystanders, or friendly neighbourhood skinheads.

A quick vox pop of my colleagues has indicated that they might (just might) take up the option if it was sponsored. Doctors already provide a free and totally unappreciated service for the travel companies and airlines; if these were to sponsor an ID card, perhaps they would stop taking us for granted. As Mae West said, “It pays to be good, but it doesn't pay much.”