tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Multiple Primary Cancers. II. Index Cancers Arising in the Stomach and Lower Digestive System
Authors: David Schottenfeld, M.D., John W. Berg, M.D., Barbara Vitsky
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

A cohort study of multiple primary cancers was conducted on patients treated during 1949–62, at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, for cancers arising in the stomach and lower digestive system. Comparison with the New York State incidence rates revealed no increase in the number of associated or subsequent cancers of other organs or tissues among the index patients with cancer of the stomach or of the digestive organs proximal to the colon and rectum. Among the 4,771 patients with cancer of the colon and rectum, the proportion with previously (1.9%) and synchronously (3.6%) associated multiple primary cancers of the large intestine was 5.5%. The incidence of metachronous multiple primary cancers of the large intestine was 3.5 per year per 1,000 patients at risk, which represented an overall threefold excess in the observed number of primary cancers of the colon and rectum. In the patients with their index cancer in the cecum, the highest ratios were recorded of observed-to-expected cancers in both the large intestine (6.3) and other organs or tissues (2.4). In patients with index carcinomas of the colon and rectum, there were 142 clinically apparent, multiple primary cancers in other organs or tissues, or 1.4 times the expected number. After combining the experiences of patients with colon and rectal cancer, the incidence of breast cancer was significantly increased. In the patients with carcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid junction, the incidence of carcinoma of the urinary bladder was significantly, but inexplicably, increased. In those patients with carcinoma of the colon, the observed-to-expected ratio for carcinoma of the female genital organs was 2.1—primarily attributable to carcinoma of the endometrium. When the experience of 843 patients with endometrial carcinoma as their index cancer was considered, the increases in the observed number of associated and subsequent multiple primary cancers were similar for the large intestine, ovary, and breast. Similarly, in 921 index patients with primary ovarian carcinoma, there were 2 observed second primary cancers of the large intestine; this twofold excess was confined to the colon. These estimates of increased risk, which relate to multiple primary cancers of the large intestine, bladder, breast, and reproductive organs, have relevance both to the periodic examination of high-risk patients and to the epidemiologic pursuit of common etiologic factors.
Mental disorders among Native American children: rates and risk periods for entering treatment
Authors: M Beiser, C L Attneave
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

The authors compared national data on use of outpatient mental health services by Native American children in 1974 with 1969 national data on non-Indian children. At all ages except 5 to 9 years, Indian children were at higher riskfor entering the treatment system than were nonIndian children. In addition, utilization patterns varied by age and sex. The authors discuss possible reasons frr the higher risk rates demonstrated by Indian children; these include schools and the effects of poverty.
Transfected leukocyte integrin CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) mediates phorbol ester-activated, homotypic cell:cell adherence in the K562 cell line
Authors: DD Hickstein, E Grunvald, G Shumaker, DM Baker, AL Back, LJ Embree, E Yee, KA Gollahon
Journal: Blood (1993)
Complex karyotypes and KRAS and POT1 mutations impact outcome in CLL after chlorambucil-based chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: Carmen Diana Herling, Marion Klaumünzer, Cristiano Krings Rocha, Janine Altmüller, Holger Thiele, Jasmin Bahlo, Sandra Kluth, Giuliano Crispatzu, Marco Herling, Joanna Schiller, Anja Engelke, Eugen Tausch, Hartmut Döhner, Kirsten Fischer, Valentin Goede, Peter Nürnberg, Hans Christian Reinhardt, Stephan Stilgenbauer, Michael Hallek, Karl-Anton Kreuzer
Journal: Blood (2016)
Abstract IA24: Understanding and tackling differing vascular niches in glioma
Authors: Gabriele Bergers
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most belligerent adult brain tumor, which is defined by its aggressive growth due to uncontrolled cellular proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, diffuse infiltration and invasion, propensity for necrosis and hypoxia, and vigorous angiogenesis. Recurrence of these invasive tumors is inevitable despite advanced multimodal therapy with surgery followed by radiation and temozolomide treatment resulting in a dismal median survival of beyond one year. A recent milestone in glioma research has been the revelation that therapies targeting other cell types besides tumor cells; i.e., the cell constituents of the vascular niche can convey substantial improvements in radiographic response, progression-free survival, and quality of life. The changing perspective on the environment as a functional contributor represents a profound shift in the approach to biology and therapeutic decisions in GBM. Here, we describe paracrine signaling pathways of the differing vascular niches that regulate angiogenesis or tumor invasiveness and present therapeutic modalities to target those to more efficiently block diffuse and angiogenic GBM growth. Citation Format: Gabriele Bergers. Understanding and tackling differing vascular niches in glioma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Brain Cancer Research; May 27-30, 2015; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(23 Suppl):Abstract nr IA24.
High-Throughput Sequencing For The Identification Of NOTCH1 mutations In Early Stage Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Biological and Clinical Implications
Authors: Marta Lionetti, Sonia Fabris, Giovanna Cutrona, Luca Agnelli, Carmela Ciardullo, Serena Matis, Gabriella Ciceri, Monica Colombo, Francesco Maura, Laura Mosca, Massimo Gentile, Anna Grazia Recchia, Fiorella Ilariucci, Caterina Musolino, Stefano Molica, Francesco Di Raimondo, Agostino Cortelezzi, Davide Rossi, Gianluca Gaidano, Fortunato Morabito, Manlio Ferrarini, Antonino Neri
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract A29: Balanced translocations disrupting SMARCB1 are hallmark recurrent genetic alterations in renal medullary carcinomas
Authors: Julien Calderaro, Julien Masliah-Planchon, Wilfrid Richer, Laetitia Planque, Pascale Maille, Alexandre de la Taille, Helene Boussion, Olivier Delattre, Yves Allory, Franck Bourdeaut
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare and highly aggressive neoplasm that most often occurs in young patients or children with sickle cell trait or disease (SCD). Although BAF47 staining is constantly negative in these tumors, the genetic mechanism underlying this phenotype remains unknown, since all cases reported so far show SMARCB1 hemizygous deletion only. By investigating a series of five RMC by gene expression profiling, array-CGH, and RNA and whole-exome sequencing, we demonstrated that SMARCB1 inactivation is related to an original mechanism of inter-chromosomal balanced translocations that disrupt SMARCB1 sequence and thus contribute to its inactivation. RMC were also characterised by a simple genome, with a low mutation rate and a lack of recurrent molecular alterations other than SMARCB1 deficiency, emphasizing its potency as single genetic event to drive oncogenesis. Finally, gene expression profiling revealed that RMC share common oncogenic pathways with pediatric malignant rhabdoid tumors, another lethal tumor subtype characterised by SMARCB1 deficiency Citation Format: Julien Calderaro, Julien Masliah-Planchon, Wilfrid Richer, Laetitia Planque, Pascale Maille, Alexandre de la Taille, Helene Boussion, Olivier Delattre, Yves Allory, Franck Bourdeaut. Balanced translocations disrupting SMARCB1 are hallmark recurrent genetic alterations in renal medullary carcinomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research: From Mechanisms and Models to Treatment and Survivorship; 2015 Nov 9-12; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(5 Suppl):Abstract nr A29.
Problems in the differential diagnosis of narcolepsy versus schizophrenia
Authors: B Shapiro, H Spitz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

The authors discuss the problems of accurately diagnosing narcolepsy when patients manifest the auxiliary symptoms of this disorder, i.e., cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis, which conclude that misdiagnosis of narcolepsy can be avoided if clinicians are aware that this illness can simulate a psychiatric disorder and if they give careful attention to the histroy of the patient's illness.
Emerging Genomic and Proteomic Evidence on Relationships Among the Animal, Plant and Fungal Kingdoms
Authors: John W. Stiller
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2004)

Abstract Sequence-based molecular phylogenies have provided new models of early eukaryotic evolution. This includes the widely accepted hypothesis that animals are related most closely to fungi, and that the two should be grouped together as the Opisthokonta. Although most published phylogenies have supported an opisthokont relationship, a number of genes contain a tree-building signal that clusters animal and green plant sequences, to the exclusion of fungi. The alternative tree-building signal is especially intriguing in light of emerging data from genomic and proteomic studies that indicate striking and potentially synapomorphic similarities between plants and animals. This paper reviews these new lines of evidence, which have yet to be incorporated into models of broad scale eukaryotic evolution.
Cancer Mortality Among Chinese in the United States&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Haltung King
 4, Frances B. Locke
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

A total of 1,824 cancer deaths among the Chinese in California, Hawaii, and New York City, 1968--72, was examined against 96,635 Taiwanese dying from cancer for the corresponding years. Emphasis was placed on patterns of displacement by nativity between 1960 and 1970. Much of the transitional experiences were similar to those reported for Japanese and European migrants to the United States, such as the rise of cancers of the lung and colon in males. However, the upward displacement of cancers of the female breast and corpus uteri failed to occur among the Chinese. In general, the pattern of transition for Idai and Erdai was less apparent, compared with the mortality experiences of Issei and Nisei. Perhaps longer periods are needed to achieve full displacement of cancer risks in the advanced ages.
Abstract B21: A long noncoding RNA LINC00467 regulates autophagy in cancer
Authors: Kevin J. Pridham, Sujuan Guo, Zhi Sheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Autophagy is a degradation pathway utilized by cells under stressful conditions such as nutrient deprivation or drug treatment to support extended survival. During this process, cellular components are broken down to macromolecules to be re-assimilated for consumption to sustain cell survival. With autophagy serving an important role between life and death for a cell, it has implications in not only maintaining homeostasis of normal cells but also the growth and survival of malignant cancer cells. Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides with no protein-coding potential and play an important role in the regulation of gene expression. Albeit certain LncRNAs are overexpressed in cancer with a strong correlation with cancer risk and prognosis, the relationship of LncRNAs and autophagy has not yet been extensively explored. Our previous work has identified LINC00467 (long intergenic noncoding RNA 00467 or C1orf97) as a potential autophagy regulator in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. We further hypothesized that LINC00467 is a common autophagy regulator in cancer. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the gene expression pattern of this LncRNA using RT-PCR, monitored its expression in cancers by querying different gene expression databases, measured expression by RT-PCR in different cancer cell lines, and measured autophagy in cancer cells upon depletion of LINC00467. Our results show that (1) LINC00467 is expressed as two transcripts (733 and 797 nucleotides); (2) LINC00467 is ubiquitously expressed in different types of cancer; and (3) LINC00467 depletion activates autophagy in multiple cancer cell lines. This work will illuminate an otherwise unknown and new autophagy-regulatory pathway and will add a new dimension to our knowledge of the regulation of cancer cell survival and death. Of particular importance, this new autophagy regulatory pathway may provide new and effective therapeutic targets. Citation Format: Kevin J. Pridham, Sujuan Guo, Zhi Sheng. A long noncoding RNA LINC00467 regulates autophagy in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer: Mechanisms to Medicines ; 2015 Dec 4-7; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B21.
First report on violent attacks on healthcare shows 959 deaths over two years
Authors: Anne Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2016)

An attempt to track the number of attacks on healthcare in countries with emergencies has found a total of 594 attacks over a two year period from 2014 to 2015, resulting in 959 deaths and 1561 injuries.1

The report by the World Health Organization collated information from a range of publicly available data, including sources such as Physicians for Human Rights (a not for profit human rights organisation) …
Soundings: Evidence based medicine
Authors: Imre Loefler
Journal: BMJ (2004)

If the evidence based approach were applied to all our activities, medical care would improve immensely, but new difficulties would arise.

We would see the greatest improvement in the large body of habits surrounding medical practice: the routines and rituals. There is no evidence that people recovering from abdominal surgery should firstly be offered sips, then glasses of water, and then clear fluids followed by soups, soft diet, light diet, and so on. There is no evidence for the need to dress clean wounds; nor is there evidence for the usefulness of sealing sprays. Giving hospital patients laxatives and sedatives cries out for scientific scrutiny, to prove that their routine use is not harmful.

These are the little things that matter. Many of them are practised without any thought to need, cost, nuisance, and more serious consequences.

In the middle field are the standard treatments and procedures. There has been much effort to obtain evidence for the validity of the mainstream therapies, which is, without doubt, a salutary development. However, there is a recognisable tendency by the elite large teaching institutions to evolve sophisticated “gold standards” and “state of the art” therapies. They forget that hospitals and clinics in most parts of the world are far too austere to make use of leading edge technologies. The enthusiasts for revolutionary methods overlook the truth of the adage that the best is often the enemy of the good. What the “best” treatment is will depend on the circumstances, and ignoring this simple fact can cause immense harm.

While the demand for evidence is rational and justified, difficulties may arise at the cutting edge, for how does one produce evidence for innovation? The much celebrated introduction of general anaesthesia would certainly be deemed unethical today, as would many of the pioneering discoveries in medical treatment and surgical procedures of the 19th and 20th century. The greats of medical progress would all be in court or in jail.

The great merit in the call for evidence is that medical practice might rid itself of quackery; the great danger is that innovation may be stifled. The quest for risk avoidance at all cost may well stall progress.
Case 43-1967
Authors: Allan I. Sandler, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

Presentation of Case First admission. An eighty-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of chest pain and dyspnea.Two and a half months previously crampy pain in the lower portion of the abdomen developed abruptly, and examination revealed an incarcerated right femoral hernia; a herniorrhaphy was performed, with resection of 15 cm of the small bowel. Four days before entry there was the onset of intermittent sharp pain under the left breast. On the day of admission she suddenly experienced severe pain "all over the body," accompanied by marked dyspnea, and appeared pale and cold. The distress subsided within . . .
Personal View: Has the President's Council on Bioethics missed the boat?
Authors: Leigh Turner
Journal: BMJ (2003)

When George W Bush established the President's Council on Bioethics in 2001, sceptics insisted that it was laden with “conservative” scholars who were unlikely to engage in wide ranging, non-partisan ethical debate. I want to sidestep the question of whether the forensic table at the council tilts to the Republican right rather than the Democratic left. Instead I want to criticise the council's purpose and substantive contribution.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Cell Membrane Coatings for Controlled Drug Release
Authors: Lang Rao, Qian‐Fang Meng, Qinqin Huang, Pei Liu, Lin‐Lin Bu, Kiran Kumar Kondamareddy, Shi‐Shang Guo, Wei Liu, Xing‐Zhong Zhao
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Biomimetic cell-membrane-camouflaged particles with desirable features have been widely used for various biomedical applications. However, there are few reports on employing these particles for cancer drug delivery due to the failure of the membrane coatings to be efficiently degraded in the tumor microenvironment which hampers the drug release. In this work, core-shell SiO2 @TiO2 nanoparticles with enhanced photocatalytic activity are used for controlled degradation of surface erythrocyte membrane coatings. The antitumor drug docetaxel is encapsulated into nanocarriers to demonstrate the controlled drug release under ultraviolet irradiation, and the drug-loaded nanoparticles are further used for enhanced cancer cell therapy. Here, a simple but practical method for degradation of cell membrane coatings is presented, and a good feasibility of using cell membrane-coated nanocarriers for controlled drug delivery is demonstrated.
Age and therapy in women with breast cancer.
Authors: H K Koh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1983)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1983.1.11.741 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 6668492 Age and therapy in women with breast cancer. H K KohxH K KohSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1983.1.11.741 PDF "Age and therapy in women with breast cancer.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 1(11), pp. 741–742© 1983 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
SLICER: inferring branched, nonlinear cellular trajectories from single cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Joshua D. Welch, Alexander J. Hartemink, Jan F. Prins
Journal: Genome biology (2016)

Single cell experiments provide an unprecedented opportunity to reconstruct a sequence of changes in a biological process from individual "snapshots" of cells. However, nonlinear gene expression changes, genes unrelated to the process, and the possibility of branching trajectories make this a challenging problem. We develop SLICER (Selective Locally Linear Inference of Cellular Expression Relationships) to address these challenges. SLICER can infer highly nonlinear trajectories, select genes without prior knowledge of the process, and automatically determine the location and number of branches and loops. SLICER recovers the ordering of points along simulated trajectories more accurately than existing methods. We demonstrate the effectiveness of SLICER on previously published data from mouse lung cells and neural stem cells.
Abstract B01: MicroRNAs as novel therapeutic adjuvants to treat high-risk medulloblastoma.
Authors: Nourhan Abdelfattah, Panneerdoss Subbarayalu, Benjamin Onyeagucha, Subapriya Rajamanickam, Hung-I Harry Chen, Manjeet Rao
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children, accounting for 18% of newly diagnosed brain tumors and 10% of all children cancer-related deaths. Despite improvement in the 5-year survival rate of medulloblastoma in recent years, only a small percentage of patients survive high-risk metastatic disease. The quality of life for those who do survive is often substantially reduced due to the toxicity associated with radiation and chemotherapy. Vincristine is a microtubule-destabilizing antimitotic drug, which is routinely administered in higher dosages to both high and average risk medulloblastoma patients. As a result, these patients suffer from devastating neurotoxic effects that include but not limited to: sensorimotor and autonomic neuropathy, hearing loss, mononeuropathy, and seizures. Using high-throughput microRNA mimic library screens, we identified a group of microRNAs that may improve the efficacy of vincristine against c-MYC amplified medulloblastoma as well as re-sensitize vincristine-resistant medulloblastoma. Our findings revealed that these microRNAs may act as tumor suppressors since their overexpression inhibited colony formation, migration and invasion ability of medulloblastoma cells. Furthermore, these microRNAs suppressed stem cell renewal/proliferation of c-MYC amplified medulloblastoma cells. Expression analysis, gene enrichment analysis and target prediction algorithms revealed that these microRNAs exert their vincristine sensitizing and tumor suppressor effect by targeting genes involved in microtubule organization, cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair and mRNA translation. One of our most interesting targets is EIF4E3, which is a translation initiation factor. Our preliminary findings indicate that EIF4E3 may regulate medulloblastoma cell growth, progression and vincristine sensitivity by modulating c-MYC translation. Further experiments are underway to test the potential of candidate miRNA and EIF4E3 as vincristine sensitizer in vivo. In conclusion, this study may identify novel factors that have potential not only to decrease the current therapeutic dose of vincristine and therefore eliminate its side effects, but also have potential to multiply the efficacy of lower doses in order to overcome hard to treat high-risk tumors. Citation Format: Nourhan Abdelfattah, Panneerdoss Subbarayalu, Benjamin Onyeagucha, Subapriya Rajamanickam, Hung-I Harry Chen, Manjeet Rao. MicroRNAs as novel therapeutic adjuvants to treat high-risk medulloblastoma.. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research: From Mechanisms and Models to Treatment and Survivorship; 2015 Nov 9-12; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(5 Suppl):Abstract nr B01.
Human outbreak of trichinellosis associated with the consumption of horsemeat in Italy
Authors: E Pozio, D Sacchini, P Boni, A Tamburrini, F Alberici, F Paterlini
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1998)

Trichinellosis is endemic among sylvatic mammals in Italy, though it causes only few infections in humans, usually due to the consumption of pork from pigs grazing in wild areas or from wild boars. Most cases of human trichinellosis in Italy are due to th