tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anticipating the impact of Public Law 93-641 on mental health services
Authors: A Milstein
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

Implementation of the new federal law setting up Health Systems Agencies (HSAs) on a regional basis offers many opportunities for participation by psychiatry. On the basis of interviews with mental health service providers, planners, and citizen representatives, the author formulated an inventory of the law's potential impacts, grouped around six general themes. He discusses the positive aspects of each, along with possible problems and hazards.
Discovery of a highly potent FLT3 kinase inhibitor for FLT3-ITD-positive AML
Authors: H Wu, A Wang, Z Qi, X Li, C Chen, K Yu, F Zou, C Hu, W Wang, Z Zhao, J Wu, J Liu, X Liu, L Wang, W Wang, S Zhang, R M Stone, I A Galinsky, J D Griffin, D Weinstock, A Christodoulou, H Wang, Y Shen, Z Zhai, E L Weisberg, J Liu, Q Liu
Journal: Leukemia (2016)
Filariasis
Authors: George S. Nelson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

THE filarial parasites have a special intellectual attraction for parasitologists and clinicians because of their complex life cycles, all involving transmission by blood-sucking insects, and the bizarre symptoms and pathologic changes that they cause. They also hold a special place for those involved in tropical medicine because tropical medicine as a distinct discipline was born just over a hundred years ago in 1877, when Patrick Manson discovered that the filarial parasites that cause elephantiasis in man are transmitted by mosquitoes. During the next hundred years it was found that filarial parasites occurred in almost all orders of vertebrates, in amphibians, . . .
Multiple primary malignancies.
Authors: R S Hoffman, A H Rossof, R Pazdur, R E Slayton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1984.2.11.1305 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 6491706 Multiple primary malignancies. R S HoffmanxR S HoffmanSearch for articles by this author , A H RossofxA H RossofSearch for articles by this author , R PazdurxR PazdurSearch for articles by this author , R E SlaytonxR E SlaytonSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1984.2.11.1305 PDF "Multiple primary malignancies.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2(11), p. 1305© 1984 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Muddling through mental health policies
Authors: L R Marcos, R M Gil
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

This study reports the process and outcome of a mental health policy change designed to relieve overcrowding in the 10 municipal adult psychiatric inpatient units in New York City. The authors describe the strategies used to achieve a limited change in admission policies and analyze the effect of this change on the municipal hospitals. Comparison of conditions before and after the policy change suggests its positive impact. Results are discussed in reference to the model of incrementalism in policy making, emphasizing the need for comprehensive rational planning, the training of mental health professionals in policy making, and further research on this important area of psychiatry.
SANATORIUM TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: C. Allbutt, L. Brunton, A. Latham, W. Osler
Journal: BMJ (1911)

TUBERCULOSIS.[EDA THB I 2B5 may be convenient for us to repeat certain facts observed by us in reference to the conditions tending to the elimina- tion by the cow of bovine tubercle bacilli in her nlilk; facts in our opinion of such importance that they formed the subject of our Third Interim Report.Bovine tubercle bacilli are apt to be abunclantly present in milk as sold to the public when there is tuberculous disease of the udder of the cow from which it was obtained.This fact is, we believe, generally recognized though not adequately guarded against.But these bacilli mnay also be present in the milk of tuberculous cows presenting no evidence whatever of disease of the udder, even when examined post mortenm.Further, the milk of tuberculous cows not containing bacilli, as it leaves the udder may, and frequently does, become infective by being con- taminated with the faeces or uterine discharges of such diseased animal.We are convinced that measures for securing the l)revention of ingestion of living bovinie tubercle bacilli with milk would greatly reduce the nlumber of cases of abdominal and cervical gland tuber- culosis in children, and that such measures should include the exclusion from the food supply of the milk of the recognizably tuberculous cow, irrespective of the site of the disease, whether in the udder or in the internal organs.SANATORIUM TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS.
Hearing and premorbid personality in paranoid states
Authors: J A Watt
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

The author studied the hearing and premorbid personality of 79 patients whose illnesses began before they were 60 years old. Hearing was assessed by pure-tone audiometry and premorbid personality by interviewing relatives. Thirty-two patients had paranoid states, 32 matched patients had recurrent unipolar depression, and 15 patients had schizophrenia. Three paranoid patients and two depressed patients met DSM-III criteria for premorbid paranoid personality. There was no consistent difference in hearing loss between paranoid and depressed patients or between paranoid patients and a population control group. The author concludes that premorbid paranoid personality and hearing loss are not associated with paranoid states in middle age.
Image Gallery: Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma mimicking a gyrate erythema
Authors: J. Cizenski, J. Griffin, A. Menter
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor, A 22‐year‐old white man was evaluated for a mildly pruritic scaly rash of 6 years' duration, which began on his chest and recently spread to the axillae and back. He initially presented to his primary doctor, who provided him with topical steroids without benefit. The eruption never ulcerated. Examination revealed pink annular and polycyclic patches on the chest, axillae and flanks without nodules, tumours or adenopathy. There was very faint scale at the borders of the lesions. A potassium hydroxide stain was negative for dermatophytes. Two biopsies revealed a CD8 predominant epidermotropic infiltrate of atypical lymphocytes with a clonal T‐cell receptor rearrangement. Complete staging revealed stage IA disease. The indolent behaviour is consistent with mycosis fungoides with aberrant CD8+ phenotype. Current treatment includes a potent topical corticosteroid and close follow‐up.
Number of Screening Rounds and Postscreening Prostate Cancer Incidence: Results from the Finnish Section of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer Study
Authors: Tomi Pakarainen, Jani Raitanen, Kirsi Talala, Kimmo Taari, Paula Kujala, Teuvo L. Tammela, Anssi Auvinen
Journal: European Urology (2016)
Abstract ES9-1: Role for IGF/Insulin signaling in breast cancer
Authors: D Yee
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Because insulin regulates glucose homeostasis, there has been extensive study into the molecular mechanisms of action of the insulin signaling system. Besides insulin, additional ligands, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) – I and –II and specific receptors for these ligands regulate cellular biology. The receptors share a similar structure and function. Once ligand binds the extracellular domain, a conformational change occurs allowing autophosphorylation of the intracellular tyrosine kinase domains and subsequent activation of multiple signaling pathways that ultimately result in cellular glucose uptake. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) results from deficient insulin receptor (InsR) signaling and subsequent elevation of serum glucose with compensatory attempt at regulating this pathophysiology by increased insulin production by the pancreas. While the etiology of T2D is complex and multi-factorial, obesity and insulin resistance are epidemiologically and mechanistically linked. Insulin was one of the first peptide growth factors known to stimulate breast cancer proliferation. Epidemiological data link obesity, metabolic syndrome (hyperinsulinemia), and elevated levels of IGFs to breast cancer risk and poor outcome for women diagnosed with breast cancer. These data, in part, led to the development of multiple targeted therapies for breast cancer. Receptor targeting of IGF-receptor signaling was not successful in hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancers possibly because drugs designed to target this receptor disrupted the negative feedback of this endocrine system and resulted in the elevation of serum insulin levels. Since InsR was not affected by anti-IGF receptor drugs, the potential that InsR was stimulated by these drug treatments could explain their failure. In contrast to receptor targeting strategies, the inhibition of downstream signaling pathways, such as mTORC1, have been successful in HR-positive breast cancer. Preclinical and clinical data have revealed complex intracellular and endocrine feedback pathways that affect the ability of any single targeted drug to effectively disrupt signals from this ligand-receptor family. This session will discuss combination strategies based on clinical and preclinical studies that could translate into effective drug therapies to disrupt this signaling system. Citation Format: Yee D. Role for IGF/Insulin signaling in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES9-1.
Hypoxia induces myeloid‐derived suppressor cell recruitment to hepatocellular carcinoma through chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 26
Authors: David Kung‐Chun Chiu, Iris Ming‐Jing Xu, Robin Kit‐Ho Lai, Aki Pui‐Wah Tse, Larry Lai Wei, Hui‐Yu Koh, Lynna Lan Li, Derek Lee, Regina Cheuk‐Lam Lo, Chun‐Ming Wong, Irene Oi‐Lin Ng, Carmen Chak‐Lui Wong
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

A population of stromal cells, myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), is present in tumors. Though studies have gradually revealed the protumorigenic functions of MDSCs, the molecular mechanisms guiding MDSC recruitment remain largely elusive. Hypoxia, O 2 deprivation, is an important factor in the tumor microenvironment of solid cancers, whose growth often exceeds the growth of functional blood vessels. Here, using hepatocellular carcinoma as the cancer model, we show that hypoxia is an important driver of MDSC recruitment. We observed that MDSCs preferentially infiltrate into hypoxic regions in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and that hypoxia‐induced MDSC infiltration is dependent on hypoxia‐inducible factors. We further found that hypoxia‐inducible factors activate the transcription of chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 26 in cancer cells to recruit chemokine (C‐X3‐C motif) receptor 1‐expressing MDSCs to the primary tumor. Knockdown of chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 26 in cancer cells profoundly reduces MDSC recruitment, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. Therapeutically, blockade of chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 26 production in cancer cells by the hypoxia‐inducible factor inhibitor digoxin or blockade of chemokine (C‐X3‐C motif) receptor 1 in MDSCs by chemokine (C‐X3‐C motif) receptor 1 neutralizing antibody could substantially suppress MDSC recruitment and tumor growth. Conclusion : This study unprecedentedly reveals a novel molecular mechanism by which cancer cells direct MDSC homing to primary tumor and suggests that targeting MDSC recruitment represents an attractive therapeutic approach against solid cancers. (H epatology 2016;64:797‐813)
Objective and subjective evaluation of psychiatric ward redesign
Authors: C C Whitehead, R H Polsky, C Crookshank, E Fik
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

The authors describe the redesign and evaluation of a 30-bed psychiatric unit. The design approach was user oriented, employing a psychoenvironmental model that postulates an interaction between the physical environment and the psychotherapeutic milieu. Objective and subjective instruments demonstrated that environmental redesign based on this model correlated with behavioral changes in clinically desirable directions. These changes also correlated with reduced psychopathology and might have been facilitated by "social organizers," design solutions that encourage social interaction focused on ward activities.
<i>Burkholderia cepacia</i>in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: J R Govan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Variable clinical course has been reported with the acquisition of Burkholderia cepacia in patients who have cystic fibrosis (CF). We hypothesized that the perceived worsening with B. cepacia may reflect the underlying severity of pulmonary disease at the time of acquisition. To test this hypothesis, we matched CF patients colonized with B. cepacia with CF patients not colonized with the organism. Twoyear preand postacquisition data and long-term data were compared. Patients were matched for gender, age ( 6 1 yr), height ( 6 5 cm), weight ( 6 8 kg), percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (% pred FEV 1 ) ( 6 10%), and pancreatic sufficiency status. Differences in rates of change preand postacquisition for FEV 1 , FVC, weight, and frequency of intravenous courses were compared within pairs with the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Two-year and long-term survival was compared within pairs with the McNemar test. No significant differences were observed in mean annual rates of change in weight (0.33 and 2 0.28 kg/yr), % pred FEV 1 ( 2 0.36 and 2 1.74%/yr), and percent predicted forced vital capacity (% pred FVC) ( 2 3.80 and 2 2.32%/yr) between B. cepacia and control pairs in 2-yr and long-term postacquisition interval, respectively. Similar rates of change were noted for preto postacquisition intervals within pairs for weight (0.17 kg/yr), % pred FEV 1 ( 2 0.16%/yr), % pred FVC (5.02 %/yr). There was a significantly higher rate of intravenous antibiotic courses in B. cepacia cases in the 2-yr and long-term postacquisition interval. Higher mortality was observed in the B. cepacia cases in the long term (p , 0.05). We conclude that colonization with B. cepacia does not necessarily adversely affect pulmonary status, but is associated with reduced long term survival. Whereas previous associations may be attributed to a propensity to colonize those who had more advanced disease, specific strain types of B. cepacia may have enhanced pathogenicity. Frangolias DD, Mahenthiralingam E, Rae S, Raboud JM, Davidson AGF, Wittmann R, Wilcox PG. Burkholderia cepacia in cystic fibrosis: variable disease course. AM J RESPIR CRIT CARE MED 1999;160:1572–1577.
Safety and clinical activity of pembrolizumab for treatment of recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (KEYNOTE-012): an open-label, multicentre, phase 1b trial
Authors: Tanguy Y Seiwert, Barbara Burtness, Ranee Mehra, Jared Weiss, Raanan Berger, Joseph Paul Eder, Karl Heath, Terrill McClanahan, Jared Lunceford, Christine Gause, Jonathan D Cheng, Laura Q Chow
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2016)
Rubella in Denmark
Authors: S Glismann
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2004)

An average of 20 000 rubella cases were recorded annually in Denmark until 1987. In 1989, however, only 1006 cases were reported, and the true current incidence of rubella infection in Denmark is unknown but considered to be very low and &amp;lt;1 per 100 000 population. The significant decrease in the inci-dence of rubella mirrors the success of vaccination of rubella seronegative women of childbearing age, which was initiated in Denmark in 1980. From 1982 and onwards the national health security scheme also refunded vaccina-tion of children and the MMR vaccine was introduced in the Danish child-hood vaccination program in 1987. The low incidence has been sustainable due to these interventions, and since 1994 congenital rubella syndrome and rubella in pregnancy have been listed as notifiable infectious diseases in Denmark. Nevertheless, in order to meet the WHO goal of control of rubella in the Region, the introduction of mandatory reporting of all laboratory diagnosed rubella cases is now being considered.
Amyloid and Transplanted Islets
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

In their letter to the editor, Westermark and colleagues (Aug.28 issue) 1 report on their identification of amyloid in 43% of intrahepatically transplanted islets on postmortem examination of a recipient with type 1 diabetes.Amyloid is composed of amylin (islet amyloid polypeptide [IAPP]) that is cosecreted from the beta cell with insulin but normally is inhibited from forming amyloid by appropriate proportions of insulin and other factors in the beta cell. 2,3Proportions of insulin and amylin within the beta cell are best estimated in vivo following secretion after acute stimulation. 4To determine whether insulin and amylin are secreted in appropriate proportions after human islet transplantation, we measured plasma concentrations of both hormones before and after arginine stimulation under fasting and hyperglycemic-clamp conditions in four insulin-independent islet recipients and matched controls; the characteristics and C-peptide data of the subjects were reported previously. 5Insulin responses to arginine were relatively more reduced during the hyperglycemic clamps than were amylin responses, resulting in markedly lower ratios between insulin and amylin (Fig. 1).These data indicate that during hyperglycemia, intrahepatically transplanted islets secrete disproportionately more amylin than normal, suggesting that hyperglycemia in the islet recipient may have contributed to the observed amyloid deposition.
Screening Tests
Authors: Denise M. Goodman, Edward H. Livingston
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Screening TestsS creening tests are used to identify a condition in people who may have a disease before the symptoms are obvious (early detection).Screening tests may include blood tests, imaging (x-ray or computed tomography scans), or testing of a person's ability to complete a task.Some examples of screening tests are blood tests in newborns for thyroid disease and cystic fibrosis, and blood lead level tests and hearing tests in children.In adults, examples of screening tests are Papanicolaou (Pap) tests for cervical cancer, mammograms for breast cancer, blood pressure measurements for hypertension, blood glucose measurement for diabetes, and colonoscopy for colorectal cancer.
The Structure Analysis and Antigenicity Study of the N Protein of SARS-CoV
Authors: Jingqiang Wang, Jia Ji, Jia Ye, Xiaoqian Zhao, Jie Wen, Wei Li, Jianfei Hu, Dawei Li, Min Sun, Haipan Zeng, Yongwu Hu, Xiangjun Tian, Xuehai Tan, Ningzhi Xu, Changqing Zeng, Jian Wang, Shengli Bi, Huanming Yang
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2003)

Abstract The Coronaviridae family is characterized by a nucleocapsid that is composed of the genome RNA molecule in combination with the nucleoprotein (N protein) within a virion. The most striking physiochemical feature of the N protein of SARS-CoV is that it is a typical basic protein with a high predicted pI and high hydrophilicity, which is consistent with its function of binding to the ribophosphate backbone of the RNA molecule. The predicted high extent of phosphorylation of the N protein on multiple candidate phosphorylation sites demonstrates that it would be related to important functions, such as RNA-binding and localization to the nucleolus of host cells. Subsequent study shows that there is an SR-rich region in the N protein and this region might be involved in the protein-protein interaction. The abundant antigenic sites predicted in the N protein, as well as experimental evidence with synthesized polypeptides, indicate that the N protein is one of the major antigens of the SARS-CoV. Compared with other viral structural proteins, the low variation rate of the N protein with regards to its size suggests its importance to the survival of the virus.
PWE-204 Acute pancreatitis: incidence, management and outcome trends over 15 years
Authors: R McLean, M Jones, V Kanakala, S Dixon, I McCallum
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Acute pancreatitis is a common general surgical presentation, requiring input from both surgeons and gastroenterologists. The Newcastle upon Tyne Trust is the regional HPB referral centre for complex pancreatitis for 9 Trusts. The aetiology of acute pancreatitis in the North East is 42.5% gallstone disease,<sup>1</sup>and the BSG<sup>2</sup>recommend that cholecystectomy is undertaken in these patients on their index admission. This study describes changes in acute pancreatitis incidence, management and outcomes the last 15 years. <h3>Method</h3> Information departments at Newcastle and Gateshead Foundation Trusts were contacted to request data for all emergency admissions under a general surgeon from 2000–2014 after necessary approvals. Acute pancreatitis was identified using the ICD-10 code K85, cholecystectomy using the OPCS code J18, and laparoscopy using code Y50.8, Y75.1 and Y75.2. Data on demographics, co-morbidities, interventions and outcomes were collected and analysed. <h3>Results</h3> Acute pancreatitis was common, occurring in 2,334/80,814 cases (2.9%). Mean age was 52.8 years (95% CI: 52.1 to 53.6 years), and 54.3% of patients were men. The overall mean length of stay (LoS) was 11.1 days (95% CI: 10.3 to 11.9 days), and patients who were managed conservatively (1368; 58.6%) had a significantly shorter LoS than those who underwent a procedure (6.0 days vs. 18.3 days, p &lt; 0.001). There were 107 inpatient deaths (4.6%), 78 (72.9%) following an invasive procedure, and 29 (27.1%) with conservative management. There were 161 cholecystectomies (total or partial) performed on index admission (6.9% of total admissions), and the number of cholecystectomies performed and admissions with acute pancreatitis increased from 31/508 (6.1%; 77.4% laparoscopic) in 2000–2004, to 40/859 (4.7%; 82.5% laparoscopic) in 2005–2009, and 90/967 (9.3%; 86.7% laparoscopic) in 2010–2014. The mortality rate from acute pancreatitis fell over the same periods from 6.1% (31), 4.3% (37), to 4.0% (39). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The number of procedures performed within this cohort is skewed due to the preponderance of severe cases requiring intervention and are unlikely to represent usual practice in a general hospital. The rates of cholecystectomy on index admission with acute pancreatitis are increasing; however they remain substantially lower than the 42.5% identified by Ellis <i>et al</i>.<sup>1</sup>We show an increasing incidence of acute pancreatitis, with decreasing mortality, suggesting current management strategies including referral of severe cases to subspecialist multi-disciplinary units is beneficial. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Ellis MP, French JJ, Charnley RM. Acute pancreatitis and the influence of socioeconomic deprivation. Br J Surg. 2009;96:74–80. doi: 10.1002/bjs.6414. BSG. UK Working Party on Acute Pancreatitis. UK guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis. Gut 2005;<b>54</b>:iii1–iii9.