tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AB0740 Laboratory and imaging studies used by french rheumatologists to diagnose polymyalgia rheumatica
Authors: C. Cleuziou, P. Lafforgue, A. Binard, A. Saraux
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The BSR recommends for the diagnosis and management of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) blood cells count, blood electrolytes and renal function, liver function, bone metabolism tests, thyroid hormones, muscle enzymes, rheumatoid serology, plasma proteins electrophoresis, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, chest X-ray and urine analysis (1). <h3>Objectives</h3> To conduct a practice survey of laboratory and imaging studies used by French physicians (rheumatology or internal medicine) to diagnose PMR. <h3>Methods</h3> 101 rheumatologists or internal medicine physicians (74 in western region and a random sample of 27 in other regions) were asked 1- to recruit one patient with PMR and to record laboratory and imaging studies performed and 2- answer to a questionnaire describing a paper-case of PMR. Results were analysed in the overall group and in clinical presentation subgroups [typical, atypical PMR (fatigue, weight loss, fever, synovitis and swelling of the dorsal hand) and associated to giant cell arteritis]. To simplify the reporting of results, we divided the investigations into four groups based on whether they were obtained in 0% to 24%, 25% to 49%, 50% to 74%, or 75% to 100%) of patients. <h3>Results</h3> 101 physicians responded to the questionnaire and included one patient (mean age 74.3yrs, 19% had fever, 13% clinical signs of GCA, 12% synovitis and 4% hand dorsal edema). Investigations done in more than 50% of the 101 patients (recruited patients or paper-case) were blood cell count and platelets; kidney and liver function test; bone metabolism (calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D); protein serum electrophoresis; creatine phosphokinase, rheumatoid factors and ACPA, X-Rays (shoulders, pelvis, hands, feet, chest). No differences were found between investigations in patients with typical PMR and the remainder excepted hand X-rays (for synovitis), CT-Scan, echocardiography, ANCA, urine and hemocultures (for fever), and temporal artery biopsy (for suspicion of Giant cell arteritis). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Although considerable variability occurred, this study suggests that a limited panel of laboratory and imaging studies (close to the BSR recommendation) is recommended by at least 50% of the physicians to the patients with PMR in France. <h3>References</h3> Dasgupta B, Borg FA, Hassan N, Barraclough K, Bourke B, Fulcher J, et al. BSR and BHPR guidelines for the management of polymyalgia rheumatica. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010;49(1):186–90. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Lingual Hematoma after Thrombolytic Therapy
Authors: Sethumadhavan Vijayan, Alexander Chase
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

A 66-year-old woman received standard doses of aspirin, clopidogrel, and a thrombolytic agent (10,000 units of tenecteplase) and 5000 units of unfractionated heparin for treatment of acute myocardial infarction with inferior ST-segment elevation. Reperfusion was not achieved, and subsequently the patient underwent successful rescue angioplasty of the right coronary artery. Six hours after the procedure, the patient reported a burning sensation in her tongue. Examination revealed a swollen tongue with a marked blue-black discoloration suggestive of lingual hematoma (Panels A and B). There was no recent history of endotracheal intubation or other intraoral trauma. The patient did not have stridor, dyspnea, . . .
Abstract LB-116: sLZIP induces migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells through expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9
Authors: Hyereen Kang, Sung-Wuk Jang, Jesang Ko
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Extracellular proteolysis mediates tissue homeostasis. In cancer, altered proteolysis leads to abnormal tumor growth, inflammation, tissue invasion, and metastasis. Chronic infections and inflammation are major risk for various types of cancer. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) represent the most prominent family of proteinases associated with inflammation and tumorigenesis. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is involved in a wide range of normal and pathologic conditions, including inflammation, tissue repair, tumor invasion, and metastasis. sLZIP is a member of the zinc-finger transcription factor family. However, role of sLZIP in MMPs expression is previously unknown. Our results showed that sLZIP increased the mRNA level and the proteolytic activity of MMP-9 in HeLa cells. sLZIP also increased the transcription activity of MMP-9 by binding to the CRE of the MMP-9 promoter region. The requirement for sLZIP in MMP-9 expression was further supported by the fact that HeLa cells expressing sLZIP siRNA was refractory to MMP-9 expression. Results from wound healing and invasion assays showed that sLZIP enhanced migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells. Increased migration and invasion of HeLa cells induced by sLZIP was restored by inhibition of the proteolytic activity of MMP-9. Our results indicate that sLZIP induces expression of MMP-9 and is probably involved in invasion and metastasis of cervical cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-116. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-116
Abstract 3454: Establishing role of KRAS mutation on NSCLC radio-sensitivity
Authors: Vikas Bhardwaj, Anna Likhacheva, Lauren A. Byers A. Byers, Lixia Diao, Pamela K. Allen, John D. Minna, Nathan T. Ihle, Garth Powis, Amit K. Das, Luc Girard, Michael Peyton, John Yordy, Zhongxing Liao, Kian K. Ang, Michael Story, Neda Kalhor, Ritsuko Komaki, Edward S. Kim, John V. Heymach, James Welsh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related mortality in the US of which more than 75% cases are that of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Mutations in the proto-oncogene KRAS have been linked with poor prognosis for NSCLC patients. In this study, we aimed at analyzing the relationship between specific KRAS mutations and NSCLC cell radiosensitivity and protein expression patterns. We analyzed 22 NSCLC cell lines and stratified them according to their KRAS status. Our results show that NSCLC cells harbouring G12C mutations are more sensitive to radiation compared to cells with other KRAS status (SF2 = 0.35 ± 0.16 for G12C vs. 0.63 ± 0.17 for other KRAS mutants vs 0.54 ± 0.15 for wt KRAS). Our protein expression data suggests that G12C mutants have reduced expression of DNA-repair proteins such as ATM, Rad 50, Ku 80 and XRCC1 (p &amp;lt; 0.05) which may be responsible for their radiosensitive nature. Further we found that G12C mutant NSCLC cell lines have reduced expression of pAkt compared to cells with other KRAS status (p =0.009). This suggests that NSCLC cells harboring G12C mutation would be less susceptible to PI3K inhibition induced radio-sensitization. Our clonogenic assay results confirm our finding when 1-hour pretreatment with 5 µM LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) sensitized H460 and A549 (non-G12C mutated NSCLC cells) but not H1792 and H23 (G12C mutant NSCLC). Our results strongly suggests that G12C KRAS mutant cells are radio-sensitive compared to NSCLC cells of other KRAS status and PI3K inhibitor therapy along with radiation could be beneficial for patients harboring non-G12C mutational KRAS status. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3454. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3454
Pneumococcal Disease after Pneumococcal Vaccination
Authors: Claire V. Broome, Richard R. Facklam, David W. Fraser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Trials of pneumococcal vaccine in healthy young adult populations suggest 75 to 95 per cent type-specific efficacy. Trials have not been done, however, in groups for which pneumococcal vaccine is currently recommended in the United States. To assess efficacy in the immunocompromised groups now receiving the vaccine, we compared serotypes of 35 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from blood or cerebrospinal fluid one month or longer after the patient had received commercially available pneumococcal vaccine with serotypes of 392 isolates from unvaccinated persons surveyed in a study of the nationwide distribution of pneumococcal serotypes. Proportions of infections with vaccine serotypes were unexpectedly similar. An alternative approach to estimation of vaccine efficacy suggested an average efficacy of 36 per cent in persons of all ages. The estimated efficacy was lowest in children two to 10 years old (≤0 per cent) and in persons with preexisting diseases that are thought to predispose to pneumococcal disease (≤0 per cent), and highest in the group over 10 years old (60 per cent). The possibility that efficacy is low in high-risk, immunocompromised populations makes it important to evaluate clinical efficacy and not just serum antibody responses in such groups. (N Engl J Med. 1980; 303:549–52.)
Randomized Dose-Searching Phase ILE/II Trials of Fractionation in Radiation Therapy for Cancer
Authors: M. Diener-West, T. F. Pajak, M. Bauer, J. D. Cox
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

This article describes a new design, phase I LE /II dose searching, used in four prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trials of escalating total doses of hyperfractionated radiation. This design combines an experimental protocol with a statistical application of ranking and selection theory. Its purpose was to identify (within a certain margin of error) a dose that achieved the highest rate of clinical response from a set of doses that were tolerable in terms of both acute (within 90 days) and late (more than 90 days) toxic effects (LE). We calculated the number of patients required to reliably test toxicity under various assumptions. To determine the maximum tolerated total dose for hyperfractionated radiation, we randomly assigned patients with tumors that responded to radiation theraphy in a dose-dependent manner from four body sites (lung, upper respiratory and digestive tract, bladder, and brain) to one of three regimens total doses (D 1 , D 2 , or D 3 ) differing by increments of 4.8 Gy. All patients received two fractions of 1.2 Gy each (separated by 4–6 hours) daily 5 days a week. The lowest total dose was set at the level considered tolerable with standard once-a-day radiation therapy. We tested tumor responses and late toxic effects of higher doses by assigning patients to these three regimens until acute effects and early estimates of late effects were found to be acceptable for the highest dose D 3 ; thereafter, regimen D 1 was closed, and additional patients were assigned to D 2 , D 3 and D 4 (an escalated total dose greater than D 3 by an increment of 4.8 Gy). The assignment of patients was performed in a weighted manner (1:1:2), so that greater numbers were assigned to the highest dose regimen (whether D 3 or D 4 ) to allow rapid evaluation of the feasibility of the highest dose. [J Natl Cancer Inst 83:1065–1071, 1991]
PTH-143 Characteristics And Outcomes Of Acute Infective Diarrhoea- A Large Teaching Hospital Cohort
Authors: S Mumtaz, S Kelly, UA Ahmad, S Everett
Journal: Gut (2014)

Parkinsonism-dementia complex (PDC), a neurodegenerative disorder in the Chamorro, Guam population, has been epidemiologically ascribed to the ingestion of the neurotoxin cycasin. This disease is characterized neuropathologically by the presence of abundant neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). We analyzed a genetic risk factor of Alzheimer9s disease (AD), apolipoprotein E, hypothesized to be linked to NFT formation, and a genetic risk factor of Parkinson9s disease (PD), CYP2D6 mutation, linked to slower metabolism of exogenous toxins, in Chamorro, Guam individuals with and without PDC. The representation of the G-to-C mutation in exon 9 of the CYP2D6 gene was higher in Chamorro and Filipino than in Caucasian individuals, but this mutant allele had similar high frequencies in both PDC patients and healthy Chamorro individuals. We found no alleles of these genes associated with AD or PD to be overrepresented among those with PDC. <b>NEUROLOGY 1996;47: </b> 779-784
SAT0360 Combined Therapy with Rituximab and NSAIDS in Treatment of Active Ankylosing Spondylitis: Better than NSAIDS Alone, Worse than Combination of Tnf-Inhibitors and Nsaids
Authors: M. Protopopov, S. Lapshina, M. Aphanasieva, L. Myasoutova
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Several reports have shown that rituximab may have some efficacy in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS), mainly in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor naïve. No direct comparisons of rituximab and TNF-α inhibitors or non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are published. <h3>Objectives</h3> To directly compare the effect of NSAIDs monotherapy and combinations of NSAIDs with rituximab and TNF-α inhibitors in patients with highly active AS in a prospective study. <h3>Methods</h3> 20 patients (males-17, mean age 36.3±9.9 years) with highly active AS (BASDAI 6.19±1.48, ASDAS<sub>ESR</sub> 3.43±0.72) were treated with rituximab (two infusions, 500-1000 mg depending on body weight and AS activity, separated by 14 days gap) which was added to previously taken NSAID. 35 patients (males-30, mean age 34.3±8.6 years, BASDAI 5.59±1.19, ASDAS<sub>ESR</sub> 3.22±0.74) received treatment with combination of TNF-α inhibitors (infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab) and NSAIDs. 35 patients (males-30, mean age 33.4±9.3 years, BASDAI 5.95±1.26, ASDAS<sub>ESR</sub> 3.32±0.60) received monotherapy with NSAIDs. Share of AS patients who achieved ASAS 20 response on week 24 was the primary endpoint. <h3>Results</h3> At week 24, in NSAIDs group mean BASDAI score was 5.22±1.14, with 11 (31.4%) patients satisfying the ASAS 20 response criteria. In rituximab group, mean BASDAI score was significantly lower compared to NSAIDs group (3.70±0.91, p&lt;0.05), 15 (75%) patients reached ASAS20 response. Mean BASDAI score in patients treated with TNF-α inhibitors was the lowest (2.03±0.64) compared both to NSAIDs (p&lt;0.05) and rituximab (p&lt;0.01), with 33 (94.3%) patients achieving ASAS20 response. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Combined therapy with NSAIDs and rituximab is more effective in treating active AS than NSAIDs alone, but less effective compared to combination of NSAIDs and TNF-α inhibitors. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5604
LEFT ATRIAL STRAIN PREDICTS ATRIAL FIBRILLATION RECURRENCE IN PATIENTS WITH PAROXYSMAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION TREATED WITH CATHETER ABLATION
Authors: Mislav Vrsalovic, Scott Hummel, Hamid Ghanbari, Craig Alpert, Hakan Oral, Theodore Kolias
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
An Unusual Human Mosaic for Skin Pigmentation
Authors: Don G. Davis, Margery W. Shaw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

AMONG living things, mosaicism has come to mean the mixture in one organism of two or more genetically unlike cell lines. This difference may involve single genes, groups of genes or entire chromosomes. The location and extent of involvement with mosaic traits may hint at the developmental period when the aberrant cell lines arose.The degree of overt mosaicism is not necessarily consistent with the amount of genetic dissimilarity. Some mosaics that show no obvious cellular variance may be distinguished by chromosome analysis whereas others, easily seen, may be impossible to verify by the technics now available.In this paper . . .
Abstract 1123: PTEN loss increases efficiency of breast tumor metastasis
Authors: Michele I. Vitolo, Keyata Thompson, Rebecca A. Whipple-Bettes, Michael A. Matrone, Jennifer R. Yoon, Eric M. Balzer, Edward H. Cho, Stuart S. Martin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women, and although many breast cancers are curable via surgery, approximately one quarter maintain a latent and insidious characteristic of slow growth with early metastasis. The loss of the tumor suppressor PTEN has been associated with breast cancer stage, lymph node status, and disease-related death, and the high rate of loss in primary tumors suggests a potential role in initiation and/or progression of the disease. However, specific cellular alterations in human breast epithelium controlled by PTEN inactivation, which lead to an increased metastatic phenotype, remain poorly defined. We have determined that heterozygous and homozygous loss of PTEN in non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial cells (MECs) was insufficient to promote anchorage-independent growth. However, MECs with PTEN loss maintained elevated activation of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways and apoptotic resistance to cell rounding and matrix detatchment. We have also recently determined that PTEN expression loss leads to the production of long, dynamic, tubulin-based membrane protrusions upon detachment, which are increased in frequency, number and length per cell as compared to their isogenic, PTEN-expressing parental counterparts. These novel structures, termed microtentacles (McTNs), are structurally distinct from classical actin-based extensions of adherent cells, persist for days in breast tumor lines that are resistant to anoikis, and aid in the reattachment to matrix or cell monolayers. Therefore, the combination of apoptotic resistance and enhanced McTN formation due to PTEN loss may have important consequences for facilitating tumor cell extravasation and efficient adherence in metastatic sites. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1123.
Hepatic Arterial Infusion after Liver Resection
Authors: Nancy E. Kemeny, Mithat Gonen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

To the Editor: In 1999, we reported on the results of a randomized study of adjuvant therapy after liver resection for metastatic colorectal cancer.1 One group of patients was treated with hepatic arterial infusion with floxuridine and dexamethasone plus systemic fluorouracil, with or without leucovorin (combined therapy). The other group received systemic therapy alone, consisting of fluorouracil with or without leucovorin (monotherapy). We reported an increase in two-year survival for the combined-therapy group as compared with the group receiving monotherapy. We also reported a significant increase in the rate of survival free of hepatic progression in the combined-therapy group. All . . .
OC-164 Treatment naive active ulcerative colitis has a distinctive microRNA profile
Authors: A Claridge, S L Pender, M Gwiggner, R Morgan-Walsh, T Sanchez-Elsner, J R F Cummings
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are becoming increasingly recognised as key players in a multitude of inflammatory pathways through their ability to regulate gene expression. Numerous miRNAs have been shown to have an abnormal expression in Ulcerative Colitis (UC), although published results are inconsistent possibly due to the grouping of different phenotypes and concomitant medication. Understanding the miRNA profile in homogeneous groupings is a major advance to understanding the mechanisms that underpin the aetiology of UC. The aim is to identify a distinctive miRNA signature for active sigmoid UC in patients who are treatment naïve. <h3>Methods</h3> Sigmoid biopsies were taken from patients with Baron Grade 3 active UC (n=21), patients with previous sigmoid UC who have no inflammation (n=15) and healthy controls (n=20). All patients were matched for age, sex, ethnicity and no medication for ≥6 months. Deregulated miRNA candidates were first identified in active UC (n=6) and compared against controls (n=6) using Taqman<sup>®</sup> Array MicroRNA card A. Array cards were performed in pairs (active vs control). The differential expression of 377 miRNAs were calculated for each pair. The 20 miRNAs with the greatest increase and 20 with the greatest decrease in expression for each pair were then compared with the other array card pairs. MiRNAs that had a consistently increased or decreased expression in all array card pairs were validated using RT-qPCR. Differential expressions was calculated using the fold change compared with healthy controls. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney test <h3>Results</h3> Seven miRNAs were consistently deregulated across all miRNA array pairs. RT-qPCR confirmed a significantly increased fold change in three miRNAs; miR-31 (10.97, p&lt;0.001), miR-223 (3.45, p&lt;0.001) and miR-146b-5p (2.26, p=0.002). Four miRNAs were shown to have a statistically significant decreased expression by RT-qPCR. Only miR-31 and -223 were deregulated with statistical significance in inactive UC (fold increase of 2.83, p&lt;0.001 and 2.47, p&lt;0.001 respectively). <h3>Conclusion</h3> (1) A distinct subset of miRNAs is deregulated in the mucosa of actively inflamed sigmoid UC in patients who are on no treatment. (2) miR-31 and -223 are constitutionally expressed in sigmoid UC and could offer a potential diagnostic tool for patients who have no active inflammation at the time of endoscopy. (3) Manipulating miRNA expression offers promise as a potential new therapeutic pathway in active disease. (4) When investigating miRNA profiles and function it is essential to use an accurately phenotyped and homogeneous patient group. (5) We are the first to show a miRNA profile for sigmoid UC in treatment naive patients. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Detection of mucin-hypersecreting bile duct tumor by direct peroral cholangioscopy
Authors: I. Wallstabe, I. Schiefke, P. Lamesch
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Detection of the rare mucin-producing bile duct tumor is difficult because of ambiguity caused by the abundant mucin secretion and/or by the superficial mucosal spread of the tumor along the bile duct [1]. We report the case of a 77-year-old patient, who initially presented with severe jaundice, right upper abdominal pain, and fever. The endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) demonstrated a large amount of viscous mucin in a dilated bile duct system ([Fig. 1 a, b]).
Immunosuppressive Therapy of Chronic Renal Disease
Authors: Alfred F. Michael, Robert L. Vernier, Keith N. Drummond, John I. Levitt, Roger C. Herdman, Alfred J. Fish, Robert A. Good
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

DESPITE considerable evidence that immune mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of diffuse renal vascular diseases of various types, the results of immunosuppressive therapy in such patients have been variable though generally disappointing, especially in the adult age group.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The present report describes a program of combined corticosteroid and azathioprine therapy of 32 patients, predominantly in the pediatric age range, with life-threatening forms of these diseases. The results of the first two years of the study suggest that in many of these younger patients this combined therapy brings about significant improvement.PatientsThirty-two patients with renal disease were treated with . . .