tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cellular Immunity in Guamanians with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinsonism-Dementia
Authors: Paul M. Hoffman, Deanna S. Robbins, Minerva T. Nolte, Clarence J. Gibbs, D. Carleton Gajdusek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

To test the hypothesis that host resistance factors may be abnormal in Guamanians in whom amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinsonism-dementia develop, cellular immunity was evaluated in both diseases and compared to that of Guamanians with other nervous-system diseases, normal adult Guamanians and non-Guamanians with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinsonism. Diminished responses to skin-test antigens, lymphopenia, diminished per cent and total T cells and, less frequently, decreased mitogen responses were seen in Guamanian patients with amytorophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinsonism-dementia but not in the other patient or normal groups. Guamanian patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and diminished cellular immunity had an increased frequency of HLA-Bw35 (P less than 0.005) and shorter mean duration of disease (P less than 0.05) than those with normal cellular immunity. In Parkinsonism dementia diminished cellular immunity was less strongly associated with HLA-BW35 (P less than 0.05) and was not associated with differences in duration of disease. Normal Guamanians and those with other nervous-system diseases showed no association of diminished cellular immunity with HLA-Bw35. The association appeared disease-related, with onset concomitant with the neurologic expression of Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinsonism-dementia.
A2.17 Detection of autoantigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup>T cells associated with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: D Abdirama, P Enghard, S Tesch, A Radbruch, GR Burmester, G Riemekasten
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterised by the development of autoantibodies directed to nuclear components such as SmD1, RNP70, Histone, Ro and La resulting in the loss of tolerance towards these autoantigens. Autoantigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells are implicated in SLE, but little is known about their frequency in health and disease. To determine frequency of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells specific for SmD1, RNP70, Histone, Ro and La, we generated libraries of polyclonally expanded CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from SLE patients and healthy individuals. In addition, we investigated the accumulation of autoantigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in inflamed organ eg, the kidneys of active SLE patients with lupus nephritis. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> 200.000 CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells isolated from the blood and urine of active SLE patients with lupus nephritis (n = 4) or isolated only from the blood of inactive SLE patients (n = 4) and healthy individuals (n = 4) were seeded in multiple micro-cultures containing irradiated feeder cells, PHA and IL-2 for two weeks. Expanded CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells were tested for their capacity to proliferate in response to SmD1, RNP70, Histone, Ro and La in the presence of autologous antigen-presenting cells. After 3 days, proliferation was measured after 16-hours pulse with [3H]-thymidine. <h3>Results</h3> Among 200.000 cells, autoantigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells are more detectable in active SLE patients in comparison to inactive SLE patients. In healthy individuals, the cells are not or less detectable except in one donor. Autoantigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells are more enriched in urine than in the peripheral blood of active SLE patients with lupus nephritis. Micro-cultures containing autoantigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells show a sizeable portion of T cells up-regulated CD154 and IFN-g after 6 h stimulation with autoantigen. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data suggest that SLE-associated autoantigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells are circulating in the periphery of SLE patients with active disease at higher frequency in comparison to inactive SLE patients and healthy individuals. An accumulation of autoantigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells was observed in the inflamed kidneys, suggesting their potential role in the local inflammation.
L'épidémie de grippe espagnole de 1918 à Genève, Suisse
Authors: C E Ammon
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2002)

A Geneve (Suisse), l’epidemie de grippe espagnole de 1918 a touche plus de 50% de la population. La mortalite la plus elevee se trouvait dans le groupe des 20–49 ans et chez les hommes. L’impact socio-economique fut tres important, l’epidemie entrainant de graves disfonctionnements, y compris dans les services sanitaires. Cette epidemie majeure illustre l’impact socio-economique que peut avoir la grippe et souligne la necessite de se preparer a toute eventuelle pandemie.
Abstract 4131: Serum miRNA profiles of patients with oral cancer and pre-cancer
Authors: Sara A. MacLellan, James Lawson, Jonathan Baik, Martial Guillaud, Catherine F. Poh, Cathie Garnis
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Oral cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. Those diagnosed with this disease are often diagnosed at late stage with poor 5-year survival rate and/or suffer from a high rate of local recurrence or second primary tumor. Novel approaches for early detection for treatment stratification are needed to improve these statistics. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a group of small, non-coding RNAs, can be isolated from blood serum samples and have shown the potential to be used as a non-invasive detection method in several cancer types. The purpose of this study is to examine the expression profiles of circulating miRNAs in the serum of patients with high-risk oral lesions (HRLs; oral cancer/carcinoma in situ) and to explore their utility as potential oral cancer biomarkers. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 33 patients with HRL (17 oral cancer and 16 carcinoma in situ) undergoing intent-to-cure surgical treatment and from a demographically matched (for age, sex, and smoking status) normal control group (N=15). RNA was extracted from serum samples using a modified miRNeasy (Qiagen) protocol. The miRCURY LNA™ Universal RT miRNA PCR system was used to profile all serum samples. The system allowed for the profiling of 742 miRNAs plus required controls within a single experiment. Statistical tests were carried out using Statistica 64 and Microsoft Excel. Results: Using analysis of variance, we detected 37 miRNAs that showed a significant differential expression between the three groups (oral squamous cell carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, and controls). Among these 37 miRNAs, miR-223, miR-342-3p, miR-423-5p, and miR-451 were the most differentially expressed. Conclusions: By examining circulating miRNA expression profiles, we have identified potential biomarkers that can be obtained from a simple blood test. The differential expression of serum miRNAs between disease stages suggests the possible utility of these miRNAs as biomarkers for the early detection of oral cancer and its progression. Blood samples are easily collected from patients, and combining serum miRNA profiles with other screening techniques could greatly improve the sensitivity in oral cancer detection. Early detection to facilitate treatment decision making for those with oral cancer or premalignant disease would have a great impact on disease survival. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4131. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4131
IMPACT OF DIABETES ON LONG-TERM CLINICAL OUTCOMES AFTER REVASCULARIZATION WITH EVEROLIMUS- AND SIROLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS: FROM THE SORT OUT IV TRIAL
Authors: Lisette Okkels Jensen, Michael Maeng, Per Thayssen, Jan Ravkilde, Lars Krusell, Knud Hansen, Anne Kaltoft, Henrik Hansen, Anders Junker, Anton Villadsen, Klara Berencsi, Evald Christiansen, Jens Lassen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
SAT0131 Cumulative Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events
Authors: D.H. Solomon, G.W. Reed, J.M. Kremer, J. Curtis, M. Farkouh, L.R. Harrold, M. Hochberg, P. Tsao, J.D. Greenberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Atherosclerosis has an inflammatory basis and use of several immunosuppressive agents has been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular (CV) events in epidemiologic studies of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, it is unknown whether cumulative disease activity in RA correlates with CV events. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the relationship between cumulative disease activity as measured by the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and CV events. <h3>Methods</h3> We studied patients with RA followed in a longitudinal registry. Cumulative disease activity was assessed with the area under the curve for CDAI, a validated measure of RA disease activity, during follow-up. Age, sex, traditional CV risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, tobacco use, body mass index, and family history of MI), known CV disease, and baseline immunosuppressive use were assessed at the start of follow-up and included in adjusted models. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine the risk of a composite CV endpoint that included myocardial infarction, stroke, and CV death. <h3>Results</h3> 24,989 subjects followed for a median of 2.3 years were included in these analyses. During follow-up, we observed 422 CV endpoints for an incidence rate of 9.08 (95% confidence interval, CI, 7.90 – 10.26) per 1,000 person-years. In models adjusting for age, gender, known CV disease, other traditional CV risk factors, and baseline medications, a 10-point reduction in cumulative CDAI was associated with a 26% reduction in CV risk (95% confidence interval 17-34%). These results were robust in sensitivity analyses (see Fig. 1) stratified by known CV disease, use of corticosteroids, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or selective COX-2 inhibitors, and change in RA treatment. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Reduced cumulative disease activity in RA is associated with fewer CV events. This may be relevant for treat to target strategies. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> This study is sponsored by CORRONA. In the last 2 years, AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Genentech, Horizon Pharma, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Vertex, and UCB have supported CORRONA through contracted subscriptions. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> D. Solomon Grant/research support: Amgen, Lilly, Pfizer, CORRONA, G. Reed Employee of: CORRONA, J. Kremer Shareholder of: CORRONA, J. Curtis: None declared, M. Farkouh Consultant for: Genentech, L. Harrold Grant/research support: CORRONA, M. Hochberg: None declared, P. Tsao: None declared, J. Greenberg Shareholder of: CORRONA, Consultant for: Astra Zeneca, Pfizer, Employee of: CORRONA <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1707
The Right to Refuse Mental Health Treatment, by Bruce J Winick
Authors: E. Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Bruce J Winick / American Psychological Association, £47.95, pp 425 / ISBN 1 55798 369 0

The right to make our own decisions, foolish or wise, is at the heart of the concept of liberty. The sanest people marry the wrong spouse, take up an unsuitable career, and engage in dangerous sports; while friends and relatives may fret and cajole, we recognise that adults ultimately take responsibility for their own decisions. Similarly, the law enshrines our belief that people have a right to make their own decisions about their health and to refuse medical treatment if they wish, regardless of whether doctors can show that the treatment will be efficacious. …
CLINICAL FEATURES AND OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: INSIGHTS FROM THE TRACER TRIAL
Authors: Patricia Guimaraes, Sergio Leonardi, Zhen Huang, Lars Wallentin, Frans Van de Werf, Philip Aylward, Claes Held, Robert Harrington, David Moliterno, Paul Armstrong, Harvey White, Kenneth Mahaffey, Pierluigi Tricoci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Abstract 1677: Associations between cigarette smoking with incident colorectal cancer by p53 protein expression in a population-based cohort of older women
Authors: Lori Tillmans, Robert Vierkant, Alice Wang, N. Jewel Samadder, Charles Lynch, Kristin Anderson, Amy French, Robert Haile, Lisa Harnack, John Potter, Susan Slager, Thomas Smyrk, Stephen Thibodeau, James Cerhan, Paul Limburg
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Cigarette smoking (CS) is an established colorectal cancer (CRC) risk factor. The p53 protein, encoded by the TP53 tumor suppressor gene that is commonly mutated in CRC, is important in cell cycle arrest needed to repair DNA damage or induce apoptosis to prevent tumor propagation. In this prospective cohort study, we examined CS-associated CRC risks by p53 protein expression level in the population-based Iowa Women's Health Study (IWHS). Methods: The IWHS recruited 41,836 randomly selected Iowa women, ages 55-69 years, with a valid driver's license at study entry (1986). CS and other exposure variables were assessed at baseline, by self-report. Incident CRC cases were ascertained by annual linkage with the Iowa Cancer Registry. Archived, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens were collected from 732 CRC cases diagnosed through 12/31/2002. CS was categorized by smoking status (never, current, former), average number of cigarettes per day (1-19, 20-39, &amp;gt; 40) and cumulative pack-years (1-19, 20-39, &amp;gt; 40). P53 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. Tumor cores were scored by combining both staining intensity and percent of cells stained to determine negative, low or high p53 protein expression levels. Multivariate Cox regression models were fit to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Of the 732 available CRC cases, 486 (66%) had complete CS and p53 data. Associations between CS and CRC subtypes defined by p53 expression level are shown in the Table. Conclusions: These data demonstrate no clear heterogeneity of CS with CRC subtypes defined by p53 expression levels among older women. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1677. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1677
Genealogy (and the relationship between opposite-sex/same-sex sibling pairs) is what kinship is all about
Authors: Carles Salazar
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract What are the theoretical implications of a universal genealogy? After the demise of relativism in kinship studies, there is much to be gained by joining old formal-structural analysis of kinship to recent cognitive-evolutionary approaches. This commentary shows how the logic of kinship terminologies, specifically those of the Seneca-Iroquois, can be clarified by looking at the relationship between opposite-sex/same-sex sibling pairs.
1198 RESISTANCE ANALYSIS OF CIRRHOTIC TREATMENT-EXPERIENCED GENOTYPE 1 PATIENTS IN A STUDY OF MK-7009 IN COMBINATION WITH PEGYLATED INTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN
Authors: R. Barnard, P.M.T. Hwang, S. Bhanja, H. Campbell, J. Strizki, C. Cheney, C. McHale, W. Newhard, D. Hazuda, N. Mobashery, A. Howe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Abstract 1544: Identification of microRNA which regulates peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer
Authors: Chifumi Ohyagi, Kenjiro Sawada, Ken-ichiro Morishige, Ernst Lengyel, Tadashi Kimura
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Ovarian cancer is highly metastatic and characterized by widespred peritoneal dissemination and massive ascites, and is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies. We have previously identified integrin α5 as a promising target for ovarian cancer treatment by inhibiting peritoneal dissemination. Our aim is to newly identify microRNAs which regulate integrin α5 expression and analyze the therapeutic potential of targeting those microRNAs. Based on the microRNA algorism search, we identified hsa-mira-92a as one of the candidates. Hsa-mir-92a is little expressed in ovarian cancer cells which express high level of integrin α5, whereas hsa-mir-92a is highly expressed in RMUG-S cells which hardly express integrin α5. Forced expression of mir-92a in ovarian cancer cell lines reduced integrin α5 expression in mRNA and protein level, accompanied by the inhibition of cell adhesion and invasion. On the contrary, the antagonist of mir-92a enhanced integrin α5 expression in RMUG-S cells. Luciferase assay revealed that mir-92a reduces the transcriptional activity of integrin α5 by directly binding ITGA5 3′-UTR. In vivo ovarian cancer xenografts, transducing hsa-mir-92a expressing plasmid into ovarian cancer cell lines significantly reduced peritoneal dissemination and ascites formation. Those results suggested targeting hsa-mir-92a could be a promising therapy for a subset of ovarian cancer patients by inhibiting integirn α5 expression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1544. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1544
Recurrent Spontaneous Emphysema of the Mediastinum with Concomitant Pneumothorax
Authors: J. D. Schendstok
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

EMPHYSEMA of the mediastinum has several times been reported in the older literature as a finding in patients with chest injuries or at autopsy.Its occurrence, however, as a disease entity with characteristic clinical symptoms and possible spontaneous onset has been shown only recently by several authors, especially Hamman1 in 1934. Since that time the publication of a number of clinical reports gives the impression that the condition is not extremely rare.2 3 4 A feature of clinical importance is the resemblance of some of the symptoms to those of coronary disease or myocardial infarction. The last fact may at the same . . .
Endobronchial Valves to Reduce Lung Hyperinflation
Authors: Antonio Anzueto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive limitation of airflow that results in air trapping and hyperinflation. Some patients with this disease also have irreversible pulmonary emphysema due to the destruction of alveolar septa in the lung.1 These abnormalities are manifested as breathlessness, limited activity, and impaired quality of life.1 Hyperinflation itself makes the respiratory muscles inefficient both at rest and during exertion. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles in these patients have important structural muscle-fiber abnormalities, as well as alterations in signaling pathways and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines.2,3 On the basis of these observations, reducing pulmonary . . .
EFFECT OF ROTATION ON MYOCARDIAL STRAIN DETERMINATION USING REAL-TIME THREE-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: David Sahn, Hao Chuan Lei, Priyanka Mathur, Katie Hastie, Gabriella Farland, Muhammad Ashraf, Cole Streiff, Lydia Tam, Meihua Zhu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
PWE-151 Emergency ERCP in critically ill patients is a successful procedure
Authors: V P K Lekharaju, J Iqbal, O Noorullah, N Polavarapu, S Menon, S Hood, N Stern, R Sturgess
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Emergency ERCP may be required in patients with biliary sepsis who rapidly deteriorate with multi-organ dysfunction and cannot wait until the next available list. The majority of these patients require ventilatory and/or inotropic support and general anaesthesia for stabilisation. The data on the outcome of emergency ERCP in this patient cohort is limited. We sought to assess the frequency, indications, and clinical outcomes of emergency ERCPs. <h3>Methods</h3> Records of cases undergoing ERCP between November 2008 and November 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Only patients who were in the intensive care unit requiring ventilatory and/or inotropic support and general anaesthesia for stabilisation at the time of ERCP were included. Data collected included indications, co-morbidities, technical success and 30-day mortality. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 2237 ERCPs were performed during this period, out of which 36 (2%) emergency ERCP9s were performed in 32 patients. There were 15 males and 17 females. 27/32 patients (84%) had not had previous ERCP. The median age of patients was 79 years (range 42–89). ASA grade prior to the presenting illness was 1 in 6 (17%); 2 in 15 (42%); 3 in 15 (42%). All cases were performed under general anaesthesia in emergency theatre. 27/36 cases (75%) required inotropic support. Indications included cholangitis 28/36 (78%); acute pancreatitis with cholangitis 5/36 (14%); post-operative bile leak 3/36 (8%). Biliary cannulation was achieved in all cases (100%). Endoscopic findings included: common bile duct (CBD) stones in 26/36 (72%); bile leak in 3/36 (8%); CBD stricture in 2/36 (6%); Mirizzi9s in 1/36 (3%); blocked plastic stent in 1/36 (3%) and post-sphincterotomy bleed with clot obstruction in 1/36 (3%). Sphincterotomy was performed in 25/36 (69%) cases. 23/36 (64%) patients had stent insertion and in 11/36 (30%) patients balloon trawl was sufficient to clear the ducts. A rapid reduction in bilirubin was observed within 24–48 h following ERCP (Pre ERCP bilirubin: median 104, range 9–553 mmol/l; post ERCP bilirubin: median 29.5 range 12–217 mmol/l p&lt;0.001 (Wilcoxon Signed rank test). 30-day mortality was 25% (8/32 patients) and the majority of these patients (6/8, 75%) died within 24 h of ERCP due to overwhelming sepsis. There was a single case of post sphincterotomy bleed that required a repeat procedure due to clot obstruction. There were no other procedure related complications. The median length of hospital stay was 21 days (range 2–49). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Although the 30-day mortality remains high due to multi-organ dysfunction, ERCP is successful in majority of these patients and translates to a good outcome for this cohort of critically ill patients, in whom the prognosis is inevitably poor without an emergency ERCP. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Tc-99m DTPA Used as Reference Imaging to Evaluate the Distribution of Other Tumor-seeking Tracers in Tumors Associated With Neurofibromatosis
Authors: KAZUYOSHI SUGA, AYAMI HIRABAYASHI, KEIKO KISHIMOTO, NORIHIKO KUME, TSUNEO MATSUMOTO, NAOFUMI MATSUNAGA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Two patients with multiple benign and malignant tumors associated with neurofibromatosis underwent radionuclide imaging with Tc-99m DTPA, Tl-201, and Ga-67. In these patients, Tc-99m DTPA accumulated intensively in both the benign and malignant tumors and localized and defined the extent of every tumor. In contrast, Ga-67 and Tl-201 uptake was seen only in focal areas of tumor where there was malignant transformation or at sites that showed progressive tumor growth. Tc-99m DTPA imaging accurately demonstrated areas of neoplastic involvement and identified the areas that would be seen with the other two tracers in individual tumors. Tc-99m DTPA may not always be used for the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign tumors of neurofibromatosis, but it can provide a reference pattern for imaging to evaluate accurately the distribution of Tl-201 and Ga-67 by mapping out the anatomic extent of these tumors.