tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of Dermatologists in Treating Melanoma
Authors: Allan C. Halpern, Sanjay K. Mandal
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2006)

Melanoma is a major focus of dermatology training and practice, with dermatologists playing a central role in managing melanoma through primary prevention, secondary prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of thinner tumors. Dermatologists have led public health efforts to raise melanoma awareness, promulgate the early warning signs of melanoma, and promote melanoma prevention through sun protection. Dermatologists have unique expertise in melanoma risk assessment and the clinical diagnosis of melanoma through visual inspection and the use of diagnostic aids, including dermoscopy and photographically assisted follow-up. Increasing incidence of melanoma, earlier melanoma detection, narrower excision margins, and improved surgical training in dermatology have recently combined to enhance the role of dermatologists in melanoma care. For patients with thin primary melanomas, dermatologists are increasingly assuming complete care, including wide local excision and long-term surveillance for both disease recurrence and detection of new primary melanoma. Conversely, the advent of sentinel lymph node biopsy and adjuvant therapy has made melanoma management more complex and has intensified the need for a multidisciplinary approach to the disease. In this context, dermatologists contribute significantly to the formation, administration, and implementation of multidisciplinary melanoma programs.
Soundings: Spraying lawns and eating grass
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Again and again we turn to the daily papers for news and inspiration. We learn that Americans are living longer than ever (mean of 74 years for men, 80 for women); 61% are overweight; infant mortality is at a low of 6.9 per 1000 live births; healthcare costs continue to rise; and a panel recommends that people should exercise at least one hour a day. They should also stay away from mosquitoes, now active in spreading the West Nile virus, especially to Illinois. Transmitted by mosquitoes from bird to bird, the virus has caused smaller outbreaks since 1999, but this year has assumed epidemic proportions—by early October more than 2700 cases in the United States (146 deaths) and more than 640 cases in Illinois (36 deaths).

The virus has spread to horses, squirrels, dogs, and wolves. In Chicago it has decimated the bird population, particularly crows, which have almost completely disappeared this year, and it has killed two geese and a turkey vulture at a city zoo. All over Chicagoland trucks have been spraying pesticides to eliminate the insect carriers; the archdiocese has asked Catholics not to adorn graves with flowers; and orthodox rabbis have lifted their interdict against killing animals (mosquitoes) on the Sabbath.

Then we read about chronic wasting disease, caused by prions and related to mad cow disease, so widespread in Wisconsin that authorities each year must kill thousands of deer. Spread by nose-to-nose contact, this fatal brain disease of deer has not affected humans. Nevertheless, some experts have warned against eating venison.

There has also been disappointing news for the $4.2bn (£2.68bn/€4.24bn) herbal supplements market. We read that recent studies have found no depression relief from St John's wort, no memory improvement from gingko, no cold prevention from echinacea, no weight loss from ephedra, no stress relief from kava, no cholesterol lowering from garlic—but many side effects, ranging from transient hypertension to severe liver damage. While regulators and health experts struggle with this problem, the public continues to exhibit an extraordinary faith in these “natural” remedies. The cynic Voltaire might have said that man's desire to eat herbs almost surpasses that of the common herbivores.
The Development of an Acute Short-Term Inpatient Child Psychiatric Setting: A Pediatric-Psychiatric Model
Authors: Mohammad Shafii, Ann Mccue, John F. Ice, John J. Schwab
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

The authors describe the establishment of a unit for children that emphasizes the integration of the pediatric model of acute, short-term inpatient care with the psychological and developmental perspective of the psychiatric model. Of the 145 children admitted during the first year, more than 33% manifested aggressive or hyperactive behavior and 25%, depression or suicidal behavior. Eighty-five percent were discharged to their homes or previous residences after an average length of stay of 24 days. The authors suggest that similar units established in children's hospitals or general hospitals could help meet the urgent need for acute inpatient psychiatric care of children in this country.
Specific combinations of donor and recipient KIR-HLA genotypes predict for large differences in outcome after cord blood transplantation
Authors: Takuya Sekine, David Marin, Kai Cao, Li Li, Pramod Mehta, Hila Shaim, Catherine Sobieski, Roy Jones, Betul Oran, Chitra Hosing, Gabriela Rondon, Abdullah Alsuliman, Silke Paust, Borje Andersson, Uday Popat, Partow Kebriaei, Muharrem Muftuoglu, Rafet Basar, Kayo Kondo, Yago Nieto, Nina Shah, Amanda Olson, Amin Alousi, Enli Liu, Anushruti Sarvaria, Simrit Parmar, Darius Armstrong-James, Nobuhiko Imahashi, Jeffrey Molldrem, Richard Champlin, Elizabeth J. Shpall, Katayoun Rezvani
Journal: Blood (2016)
Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: John Figgis Jewett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Fatal Fulminating Diabetes MellitusA 25-year-old gravida 2, para 0, was admitted to the hospital at about 7 p.m. at 12 weeks for threatened abortion. In the preceding 18 months, the uterus had been twice curetted for incomplete abortion, proved once histologically. Urinalyses were specifically negative for sugar on both occasions, the latter nine months before admission.After registration for prenatal care at 10 weeks with a normal urinalysis, the patient had received two intramuscular doses of a mixture of hydroxyprogesterone caproate and estradiol valerate in oil as "prophylaxis." She was now admitted to the hospital greatly agitated, with slight . . .
PTU-130 Endoscopic transluminal vacuum therapy: an alternative method of treating oesophago-gastric defects
Authors: B Tan, S Reddy, F Rashid, V Sujendran, P Safranek, A Hindmarsh, R Hardwick
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Oesophago-gastric defects which occur as a result of anastomotic leak or spontaneous/iatrogenic perforation often result in severe sepsis. Traditionally, surgery is the mainstay of treatment. However this is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality and may not always be feasible. We describe our experience of using a minimally invasive method of using an endoscopic transluminal vacuum system to treat these oesophago-gastric defects and deal with the associated mediastinal and abdominal sepsis. <h3>Method</h3> An endoscopic vacuum system is created by using an open-pore polyurethane sponge fixed by 0 Silk suture to the distal end of a 12–16 F naso-gastric tube. The sponge tip is trimmed to the desired shape and placed under endoscopic visualisation through the oesophageal defect into the cavity. The vacuum assisted system is kept in position by applying a continuous negative pressure of 125 mmHg allowing the defect cavity to collapse around the sponge. The system is changed every 48–72 h until the cavity shrinks and stable granulation tissue forms a barrier. <h3>Results</h3> Between April 2011 and December 2014, 12 patients were treated with an endoscopic transluminal vacuum system for various causes of oesophago-gastric defects after established therapeutic measures had failed or as a primary procedure. Three patients had a spontaneous defect; two patients had an iatrogenic defect; and seven patients had a postoperative oesophageal defect. In 10 of 12 cases, the endoscopic vacuum transluminal system treatment was successful. The therapy was well tolerated with minimal discomfort. Two patients died due to intractable sepsis from the original insult. The rest of the patients are alive and well with a median follow up of nine months. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The endoscopic transluminal vacuum system can be used for a wide range of oesophago-gastric defects and, in our experience, successful treatment and healing can be achieved. It provides a new and useful treatment option in the management of these challenging patients. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
PTH-313 Stage iv rectal cancer survival outcomes – a 25 year experience
Authors: N Rajendran, K Yap, Y Kaneko, B Thomson, S Ngan, M Michael, C Lynch, SK Warrier, AG Heriot
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Management of Stage IV rectal cancer has evolved over the past 25 years with novel chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and metastasectomy. This study assessed the change in outcomes of Stage IV rectal cancer patients over this time. <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective review included all patients referred to a tertiary cancer centre between 1987 and 2013 with Stage IV rectal cancer at their initial presentation. Data included demographic details, therapeutic interventions, and survival. Information included initial treatment if undertaken at the referring hospital. Data were divided across sequential time points (1987–97, 1998–2001, 2002–05, 2006–09, 2010–13), and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. <h3>Results</h3> 398 patients were identified [mean age 62 (range 23–99)], M:F ratio 2:1. Treatment intent was curative in 108 patients (27%), palliative in 275 patients (69%), and unknown in 15 patients. Follow up was available in 388 patients. Overall 1 year, 3, and 5 year survival for all patients (n = 388) was 57%, 21%, and 11% respectively, and for the curative intent group (n = 106) was 91%, 48%, and 31% respectively. Overall 1 year and 3 year survival improved significantly over time (1987–1997 vs. 2010–2013 cohorts; 1 year 34% vs. 79%; 3 year 13% vs. 50%, respectively [p &lt; 0.001]). Significantly more patients were treated with curative intent in recent years (2001–2013–87/286, 30%) compared to previously (1987–2000 – 21/112, 19%) (Fisher’s exact test, 2-tailed, p = 0.0236). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Stage IV rectal cancer has always been considered a condition with very poor prognosis but outcome has improved significantly over the past 25 years, concomitant with more patients being treated with curative intent. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Clinical research: a key to clinical training
Authors: E Giller, J Strauss
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

Rational clinical decision making is at the core of any medical field, including psychiatry. Although clinical decision making should be based on reasoning logically from sufficient hard data, the process is often short-circuited; hypotheses are considered fact or causality is inferred where only association exists. This report describes how clinical research protocols provide a structure that helps train clinicians to reduce these errors. A good research design forces articulation and evaluation of hypotheses and prevents premature assumption of causality. The authors present case examples which show that clinical research can serve as in-service training for staff clinicians.
Surveillance of sexually transmitted infections in England and Wales
Authors: G Hughes, T Paine, D Thomas
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2001)

Surveillance of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in England and Wales has, in the past, relied principally on aggregated statistical data submitted by all genitourinary medicine clinics to the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, supplemented by various laboratory reporting systems. Although these systems provide comparatively robust surveillance data, they do not provide sufficient information on risk factors to target STI control and prevention programmes appropriately. Over recent years, substantial rises in STIs, the emergence of numerous outbreaks of STIs, and changes in gonococcal resistance patterns have necessitated the introduction of more sophisticated surveillance mechanisms. This article describes current STI surveillance systems in England and Wales, including new systems that have recently been introduced or are currently being developed to meet the need for enhanced STI surveillance data.
Elimination characteristics of disulfiram over time in five alcoholic volunteers: a preliminary study
Authors: J C Jensen, M D Faiman, A Hurwitz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

The authors studied the elimination of disulfiram and its metabolites for 24 hours after disulfiram administration in five healthy male alcoholic volunteers. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, they found that a single 500-mg dose resulted in a gradual increase in plasma disulfiram and its metabolites, with peak levels generally occurring 8 hours after dosing. There was considerable interpatient variability (e.g., in one volunteer no disulfiram was detected during the entire 24-hour sampling period). The authors also found that breath carbon disulfide was 9.1% of the dose of disulfiram administered, which is less than that expected theoretically.
FRI0536 Investigation of the Effectiveness of Muscle Inhibition and Space Correction Techniques of Kinesiotaping Method in Female Patients with Myofascial Pain Syndrome Related to Upper Trapezius Active Trigger Points
Authors: M.F. Akpinar, A. Ketenci, D. Sindel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> There are a lot of widely accepted treatment methods for myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) but there isn9t any gold standard treatment modality only. One of the main targets in MPS treatment is to inactivate trigger point (TP)s. Pharmacological treatments, physical therapy modalities, dry needling, local anesthetic and botulinum toxin injections are used for this purpose. Considering its presumed effects, we hypothesized that kinesiotaping might be used for inactivating TPs also. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the effectiveness of muscle inhibition and space correction techniques of kinesiotaping method; on pain, functional status and quality of life in female patients with MPS related to upper trapezius active TPs in comparison to control group and to determine the advantage of each technique over another. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled trial involving 93 female patients with MPS related to upper trapezius active TPs and randomized the patients to Kinesiotaping treatment group with Space Correction technique and home exercise programme (KSC, n=20), Kinesiotaping treatment group with Muscle Inhibition technique and home exercise programme (KMI, n=24) and control group (KG, n=27) which received home exercise programme only for two weeks. Kinesiotaping was applied twice a week with three to four day intervals for two weeks. Patients were evaluated by numerical rating scale (NRS) for their average and maximum pain intensity, active TP count, pressure pain threshold (PPT), Turkish versions of neck disability index (NDI) and short form-36 (SF-36) scales before the study and after two weeks. Statistical tests were conducted at the 0.05 significance level for all outcome measures. <h3>Results</h3> Kinesiotaping was related to lower average pain intensity levels and better functional status than home exercise programme only as well as it was effective on enhancing quality of life by improving physical functions and general health at two weeks (p&lt;0.05). Both kinesiotaping and home exercise programme were effective on reducing maximum pain intensity and active TPs (p&lt;0.05) without any advantage over another (p&gt;0.05). Neither kinesiotaping nor home exercise programme was effective on increasing PPT (p&gt;0.05). Between the kinesiotaping techniques muscle inhibition was effective on reducing role limitation due to physical factors at two weeks whereas space correction and home exercise programme wasn9t (p&lt;0.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Kinesiotaping was related to lower average pain intensity levels and better functional status than home exercise programme only as well as it was effective on enhancing quality of life by improving physical functions and general health. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Interleukin-2 as a marker for detecting asymptomatic individuals in areas where Leishmania infantum is endemic
Authors: A.V. Ibarra-Meneses, E. Carrillo, C. Sánchez, J. García-Martínez, D. López Lacomba, J.V. San Martin, F. Alves, J. Alvar, J. Moreno
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2016)

No field method exists for identifying asymptomatic individuals in areas where Leishmania infantum is endemic. This work reports that, 24 h after stimulating whole blood with soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA), plasma interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) become significantly elevated in samples from asymptomatic individuals (n=47) compared with those from negative controls (n=50), all of them recruited from a blood bank. When compared with the reference test SLA-lymphoproliferative assay, IL-2 appears as a new, 100% sensitive and specific marker for asymptomatic individuals with a positive cellular response (compared with 100% and 84.78%, respectively, for IFN-γ). Further studies in other transmission areas and in other cohorts of exposed people need to be performed to confirm these results. Once validated, IFN-γ and IL-2 levels in SLA-stimulated whole blood could be reliably used in the field to estimate the prevalence of those asymptomatic individuals with Leishmania-specific cellular immune responses.
Syk kinase and Shp2 phosphatase inhibition cooperate to reduce FLT3-ITD-induced STAT5 activation and proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: B M Richine, E L Virts, J D Bowling, B Ramdas, R Mali, R Naoye, Z Liu, Z-Y Zhang, H S Boswell, R Kapur, R J Chan
Journal: Leukemia (2016)
Increasing patients' preferences for palliative care through the dissemination of palliative care research: Impact of socioeconomic status, geography, and depression severity.
Authors: Michael Hoerger, Tessa Barkan, Laura Perry, Sara Voorhees, Catherine Rochefort, Katherine Seibert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

109 Background: Approximately 4 out of 5 Americans are unfamiliar with palliative care, a significant barrier to utilization. Accordingly, providing patients with knowledge could empower them to seek palliative care. As a pilot investigation, the EMPOWER Study examined the impact of a psychoeducational intervention on patients’ preferences for palliative care. Methods: Participants were 581 patients with heterogeneous cancer diagnoses recruited through the NIH-sponsored ResearchMatch program. The study used a between-group pre-post design, completed in a single session via the Internet. Random assignment determined whether participants received psychoeducational information summarizing the results of the Temel et al. (2010) palliative care article, using a plain-language and graphical format. Participants completed measures of their health history, demographics, socioeconomic status (education level, financial strain, subjective financial standing), and depression symptom severity and completed a pre-post measure of preferences for palliative care. Results: Relative to controls, participants receiving the intervention experienced an increase in preferences for palliative care (p &lt; .0001). The standardized mean difference in pre-post change was greater than a standard deviation in magnitude (Cohen’s d = 1.03), a “large” effect size by conventional standards. The intervention showed comparable effects across key patient subgroups, including patients of low socioeconomic status, patients living in low-access states, and patients with greater depression symptom severity. Conclusions: Providing patients with knowledge of recent research findings increased preferences for palliative cancer care. The next step is to develop psychoeducational interventions that are grounded in stakeholder input and incorporate a broader evidence base. This line of research has implications for empowering patients and their families to seek care that can improve quality of life.
AB1038 Metacarpal Bone Loss in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Estimated by an Automated New Digital X-Ray Radiogrammetry (DXR) Method – Initial Experience
Authors: H.H. Thodberg, J. Böttcher, P. Oelzner, D.M. Renz, G. Wolf, A. Pfeil
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> The DXR method measures the cortical bone thickness in the shafts of the metacarpals and has demonstrated its relevance in assessment of hand bone loss in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). <h3>Objectives</h3> To validate a new implementation of the DXR method in comparison with the original version in RA patients. We examined how many images the old and the new versions accept, we studied the agreement of their measurements of the metacarpal index (MCI), and we correlated the MCIs to the Larsen score and the presence of erosions. <h3>Methods</h3> The new implementation is an extension of the BoneXpert method used in pediatrics and differs in two ways from the old DXR method: (1) It adopts a new approach to analyse the images, which automatically validates the result for most images, and (2) it defines the measurement region relative to the ends of the metacarpals. 49 patients with verified RA and average Larsen score 2.6, with SD 1.3. <h3>Results</h3> The new version correctly analysed all 49 images, and 45 were automatically validated. The 4 images flagged for visual clearance were all found to be correctly analysed – three had Larsen score 5, and one had score 4. The old version requires visual clearance of all images, and all were found to be correctly analysed. The SD between the MCI results of the two versions was 2.9% of the mean MCI. The correlation of MCI to Larsen score was –0.81 in both versions, and there was no significant difference in their ability to detect erosions. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The new DXR implementation validated 92% of the cases automatically, while having the same good correlation to RA severity as the old version. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> HHT is the owner of Visiana, which develops and markets the BoneXpert medical device. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Dose-Dense Chemoimmunotherapy and Early Central Nervous System Prophylaxis For High-Risk Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. –Preliminary Results From a Nordic Phase II Study
Authors: Sirpa Leppa, Anne Maria Tierens, Judit Jorgensen, Mats Jerkeman, Magnus Bjorkholm, Øystein Fluge, Sirkku Jyrkkio, Harald Holte
Journal: Blood (2013)