tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PWE-353 Determining the sensitivity and specificity of annual faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin (FIT) compared with findings at surveillance colonoscopy for patients diagnosed with intermediate risk adenomas – the fit for follow-up study
Authors: E MacRae, N Marchevsky, A Brenner, B Patel, S Pearson, C Piggott, C von Wagner, J Wardle, S Halloran, W Atkin
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Patients diagnosed with intermediate-risk adenomas following a positive guaiac faecal occult blood test in the English NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) are invited to attend a surveillance colonoscopy after three years. As demand for colonoscopy services increases, effective non-colonoscopic approaches to surveillance are needed. The FIT for Follow-Up study aims to determine the programme sensitivity and specificity of three annual faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin (FIT) in detecting advanced adenomas (AA) and/or colorectal cancers in patients undergoing surveillance, compared with findings at the gold standard colonoscopy. <h3>Method</h3> Eligible participants are invited to complete annual FIT tests (OC-SENSOR, Eiken Chemical Co. Ltd) whilst awaiting their surveillance colonoscopy. If a FIT is positive (≥40μg Hb/g faeces) participants are offered an earlier surveillance colonoscopy. If a FIT is negative participants are offered further annual FIT tests and their original three year surveillance colonoscopy. <h3>Results</h3> Recruitment to the study began in January 2012. In round 1, 8009 eligible patients were invited to participate, 74% (5925) consented and returned a valid FIT kit, and the positivity rate was 5.8% (346/5925). Of the FIT positive participants, 88.2% (305/346) attended an earlier colonoscopy, 23.9% (73/305) had AA and 1.9% (6/305) were diagnosed with cancer. In round 2, 5510 participants were invited to complete a FIT, 96.9% (5340/5510) returned a valid kit, and the positivity rate was 4.5% (239/5340). Of the FIT positive participants, 81.2% (194/239) attended an earlier colonoscopy, 16.5% (32/194) had AA and 4.1% (8/194) were diagnosed with cancer. Round 3 of the study is now underway. To date, 3118 participants have been invited to complete a FIT, 93.0% have returned a valid kit (2900/3118), and the positivity rate is 4.0% (117/2900). All participants in round 3 are invited to attend colonoscopies: earlier if they are positive, three year surveillance exams if they are negative. Attendance rates at round 3 colonoscopies are currently over 80% and we have collected 984 colonoscopy reports from 62 screening centres. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We have experienced a very high response and retention rate in all rounds of the study. We are now focused on encouraging participants to attend their surveillance colonoscopies, and collecting reports from screening centres, to maximise the benefits to the study of the high uptake rates achieved to date. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
PTU-015 Conversion of colonoscopy requests to flexible sigmoidoscopy: investigating an unknown quantity
Authors: C Thompson, R Walt, T Ismail, S Ward
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Colonoscopy completion is a key performance indicator and is subject to a Joint Advisory Group standard of 90% in the UK.<sup>1</sup>Inappropriate colonoscopy requests may be as high as 29%.<sup>2</sup>It may be appropriate to <i>convert</i>a colonoscopy to a flexible sigmoidoscopy prior to the procedure to reduce procedure risk.<sup>3</sup>There are no published data indicating how often such conversion occurs. <h3>Method</h3> The database of the Unisoft GI reporting tool (Unisoft Medical Systems, UK) was used to identify all patients who underwent a flexible sigmoidoscopy between January 2013 and October 2014 at a large University teaching hospital. Request forms and relevant endoscopy lists were retrieved from hospital electronic records to identify which sigmoidoscopies had been requested and listed as colonoscopies. Endoscopy reports were retrieved to determine reasons given for conversion to sigmoidoscopy. Colonoscopy completion rates for individuals were calculated over the same time period – unadjusted and adjusted so that the denominator included sigmoidoscopies that were requested or booked as colonoscopies. <h3>Results</h3> 3619 flexible sigmoidoscopies were performed over the given time period. Request forms were available for 2401 cases (66%) and an entry on a planned endoscopy list was found for 2861 cases (79%). 113 of the 2401 sigmoidoscopies performed (4.7%) had been requested as colonoscopies and 180 of the 2861 listed had been listed as colonoscopies (6.3%). Conversion reason was found in the report in only 22% cases. These were poor prep (8 cases), patient not taken prep (4 cases), poor indication (4 cases), patient choice (3 cases), stricture (3 cases), medically unfit (2 cases), unresolved loop (2 cases) and unable to cannulate (1 case). Conversion rate varied by individual. A funnel plot of conversion rates with 95% boundaries demonstrated 3 individuals with outlying conversion rates. Including conversions caused completion rates to change by between 0 to 8.4% (median 1.7%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> A significant number of colonoscopy requests are converted to flexible sigmoidoscopy. The reason for conversion was infrequently cited in the procedure report. When a colonoscopy is converted to a sigmoidoscopy, a clear reason for this must be given in the report. The frequency of conversion in an endoscopy unit should be audited as it has important repercussions on planning, resource allocations and patient experience. It also has the potential to impact on an individual’s colonoscopy completion rate. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Valori R, Barton R. BSG Quality &amp; Safety Indicators for Endoscopy. JAG, 2007 Petruzziello L, Hassan C, Alvaro D. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2012;46:590–4 Gatto NM, Frucht H, Sundararajan V, <i>et al</i>. JCNI 2002;95:230–6
Multidrug-resistant bacteria in unaccompanied refugee minors arriving in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, October to November 2015
Authors: Ursel Heudorf, Bernhard Krackhardt, Maria Karathana, Niels Kleinkauf, Christian Zinn
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2016)

Many refugees arriving in Germany originate or have travelled through countries with high prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms. Therefore, all unaccompanied refugee minors (&lt;18 years-old) arriving in Frankfurt am Main between 12 October and 6 November 2015, were screened for multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in stool samples. Enterobacteriaceae with extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) were detected in 42 of 119 (35%) individuals, including nine with additional resistance to fluoroquinolones (8% of total screened), thus exceeding the prevalences in the German population by far.
The roles of carboxylesterase and CYP isozymes on the in vitro metabolism of T-2 toxin
Authors: Ni-Ni Lin, Jia Chen, Bin Xu, Xia Wei, Lei Guo, Jian-Wei Xie
Journal: Military Medical Research (2015)

T-2 toxin poses a great threat to human health because it has the highest toxicity of the currently known trichothecene mycotoxins. To understand the in vivo toxicity and transformation mechanism of T-2 toxin, we investigated the role of one kind of principal phase I drug-metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450 [CYP450] enzymes) on the metabolism of T-2 toxin, which are crucial to the metabolism of endogenous substances and xenobiotics. We also investigated carboxylesterase, which also plays an important role in the metabolism of toxic substances.
FRI0577 Synovium Pathology and the Image of Ultrasonography of the Joints in the Patients with RA Treated by Biological Agent
Authors: A. Abe, H. Ishikawa, A. Murasawa, K. Wakaki
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> In the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), early diagnosis and tight control increased their importance in the era of biological therapy. Ultrasonography (US) of the various joints enables an evaluation of synovits and bone erosion in real time. It is proved to be useful to detect synovitis in the early stage of the disease. And it is useful for a comparison of the local disease activity at various stages. <h3>Objectives</h3> The objectives of this study were to investigate whether the image of ultrasonography (US) at the operated joint reflect synovium pathology or clinical indicators, and to compare the results in the patient treated by non-biological agent (NonBio) and biological agent (Bio). <h3>Methods</h3> RA related orthopaedic surgery was performed at 493 joints during the period betweeen January, 2011 and September, 2014. Preoperatively, US was performed and grade of Power Doppler (PD) signal was weighed. The evaluation including the Rooney score and Wakaki score of the synovium pathology organization that the synovium tissue collected at the time of the operation. DAS28-ESR(4), serum MMP-3, CRP were investigated. The sites of surgical operation were 8 shoulders, 64 knees, 47 elbows, 144 wrists, 17 ankles, 86 toes, 127 fingers. Number of the joints treated with Bio was 126 joints, and that with non-Bio was 367 joints. IFX was used in 20 patients, ETN in 42, TCZ in 30, ADA in 13, ABT in 9, GLM in 9, and CZP in 3. <h3>Results</h3> The patients treated with Bio were significantly lower than those treated with non-Bio in PD signal of the operated joint (1.17±1.03, 1.59±0.98, p=7.06E-05), DAS28 (3.15±1.19, 3.82±1.08, p=1.12E-07), MMP-3 (116.2±120.0, 157.1±169.5, p=0.0034), Rooney score (24.13±8.49, 27.79±8.92, p=6.19E-08). The patients treated with TCZ were significantly lower than those treated with NonBio in PD signal (1.03±0.93, 1.59±0.98, p=0.0033), DAS28 (2.79±1.26, 3.82±1.08, p=0.0001). Rooney item score “fibrosis” in patients treated with IFX (9.30±1.49, p=0.001) and TCZ (9.03±1.97, p=0.001) were significantly higher than those in the patients treated with NonBio (7.89±1.90). “Synoviocyte hyperplasia” (1.17±1.12, 0.9±1.21), three items of lymphocytes: “perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes” (1.35±2.70, 2.33±3.10),”focal aggregates of lymphocytes” (1.05±1.67, 1.67±2.28), “diffuse infiltrates of lymphocytes” (0.95±2.06, 1.37±2.09) in the patients treated with IFX or TCZ were lower than those treated with NonBio (1.99±1.39, p=0.0008, p=0.0005, 4.60±3.70, p=3.42E-05, p=0.0006, 3.74±3.25, p=4.29E-07, p=4.03E-05, 3.31±3.36, p=0.0001, p=3.60E-05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The activity of RA synovitis at the operated site was suppressed in the patients treated with Bio. Disease activity of RA was suppressed in the patients treated with Bio. There were some differences in clinical data, pathological score, PDS and DAS among Bio. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Anti-TNF drives regulatory T cell expansion by paradoxically promoting membrane TNF–TNF-RII binding in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Dao Xuan Nguyen, Michael R. Ehrenstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2016)

The interplay between inflammatory and regulatory pathways orchestrates an effective immune response that provides protection from pathogens while limiting injury to host tissue. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pivotal inflammatory cytokine, but there is conflicting evidence as to whether it boosts or inhibits regulatory T cells (T reg cells). In this study, we show that the therapeutic anti-TNF antibody adalimumab, but not the soluble TNF receptor etanercept, paradoxically promoted the interaction between monocytes and T reg cells isolated from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Adalimumab bound to monocyte membrane TNF from RA patients and unexpectedly enhanced its expression and its binding to TNF-RII expressed on T reg cells. As a consequence, adalimumab expanded functional Foxp3(+) T reg cells equipped to suppress Th17 cells through an IL-2/STAT5-dependent mechanism. Our data not only highlight the beneficial effect of membrane TNF on T reg cell numbers during chronic inflammation, but in addition reveal how a therapeutic antibody that is thought to act by simply blocking its target can enhance the regulatory properties of this proinflammatory cytokine.
Predicting the Risk of Melanoma
Authors: Jon D. Emery, Juliet A. Usher-Smith, Fiona M. Walter
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus. A perspective in 1998.
Authors: S R Carr
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was originally defined using statistics. It is appropriate to examine the current state of screening for gestational diabetes using a similar approach. This article reviews data supporting current recommendations for universal screening of pregnant women for GDM at 24-28 weeks using the 50-g 1-h oral glucose challenge. The advantages and disadvantages of several thresholds for abnormality are discussed, as are possible alternatives to the 50-g 1-h oral glucose challenge. Finally, recent improvements in the precision of portable blood glucose meters are reviewed, and recommendations for their use are advanced.
Neutral β-Glycerophosphatase Activity in Normal and Neoplastic Tissues
Authors: Jesse P. Greenstein, Florence M. Leuthardt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1946)

Neutral β-Glycerophosphatase Activity in Normal and Neoplastic Tissues Get access Jesse P. Greenstein, Jesse P. Greenstein principal biochemist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Florence M. Leuthardt Florence M. Leuthardt junior biochemist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 7, Issue 1, August 1946, Pages 1–3, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/7.1.1 Published: 01 August 1946
AB0225 Results of Molecular Analysis of NLRP3, MVK and Tnfrsf1A in Patients with Systemic Juvenile Arthritis
Authors: S.O. Salugina, E. Fedorov, M. Kaleda, E. Kamenets, E. Zaharova
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Human autoinflammatory diseases (HAIDS) are a group of rare heterogeneous genetically determined disorders characterized by periodic fever, attacks of inflammatory and rheumatic-like symptoms without autoimmune marks or infection. Clinical features of the systemic onset juvenile arthritis (soJA) has similar features so it9s belonging to HAIDS is discussed. In addition, a large number of evidence indicates the pathogenesis of soJA to be closely associated with abnormalities in the innate immune system. HAIDS caused by mutations in genes encoding components of innate immunity. The studies on the genetics and molecular pathophysiology of soJA and autoinflammatory diseases are not too much. <h3>Objectives</h3> To define presence of the same defects in patients with soJA <h3>Methods</h3> We recruited 39 patients (M/F-21/18) with soJA aged between 1,5 and 18 years on an average 10,5±4,9 years old. Diagnosis was based on ILAR criteria for soJIA. Selection criteria were persistent fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia/arthritis, acute-phase markers. DNA samples extracted from whole blood. We investigated three genes whose mutations are the most frequent cause of HAIDS: <i>NLRP3, MVK</i> and <i>TNFRSF1A.</i> Coding sequences of the genes were analyzed by direct automatic sequencing. <h3>Results</h3> Among 39 pts 4 individuals showed genetic defects (10,3%): 2 of them were heterozygous for mutations in <i>NLRP3</i>, 1 - in <i>TNFRSF1A</i> (autosomal dominant mode of inheritance) and 1 is compound heterozygote for mutations in <i>MVK</i> (autosomal recessive mode of inheritance). Genetic diagnoses were made: CAPS-MWS in 2 pts, TRAPS-syndrome in 1 and HIDS in 1 accordingly <h3>Conclusions</h3> Thus 10,3% of examined arthritis patients had HAIDS defects. Our findings demonstrate that patients with clinical diagnosis of soJA may suffer from various autoinflammatory diseases missed because of similar symptoms. So these conditions required differential diagnostics. We recommend genetic screening of mutations in <i>NLRP3, MVK</i> and <i>TNFRSF1A</i> genes for such patients with deficient or inadequate response to standard therapy for uncovering HAIDS and more targeted treatment. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Farm microbiome and childhood asthma.
Authors: David Gurwitz, Jeantine E Lunshof
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

To the Editor: Ege et al. (Feb. 24 issue)1 report that in two cross-sectional studies, children who lived on farms and were exposed to an increased range of microbes had a reduced incidence of asthma. However, this conclusion might be skewed by a confounder that the authors did not consider. Several studies2,3 have shown that breast-feeding is protective against asthma, and children who live on farms are more likely to be breast-fed for longer than children who do not live on farms. In a large American study, 64% of farm mothers were likely to have breast-fed their first baby, as compared with 49% of other mothers.4 Notably, both prolonged breast-feeding and exposure to farm animals in early life were strongly correlated with a reduced incidence of childhood nonHodgkin’s lymphoma.5 Future studies examining possible correlations between early childhood microbial exposures, farm living, and asthma, as well as other immune disorders, must therefore include breast-feeding as an added confounder.
Preparations and Appliances
Authors: T H BURNS, J M HALL
Journal: BMJ (1953)

NOVA ET VETERA the City to Tyburn and there helpqd into the cart.The method of execution at that time was to put the person in a cart, tie a rope round his neck, attach the rope to a beam, and then drive the cart away, leaving the victim to die of strangulation.Dr. Cameron begged the sheriff to allow his body to hang till he was dead, and the officer said he would do this.The body was allowed to hang for 45 minutes.Then the executioner' cut off his head, removed the bowels, but did not quarter the body.At this distance of time, when it is possible to review the case dispassionately, the execution of this doctor, eight years after the rebellion was over, appears to have been a cruel and vindictive proceeding, especially in view of the small and unwilling part he took in the rising.L. A. P
AB0170 Cytof Analysis of Lip Biopsies from SjÖgren's Subjects Identifies Dysregulated Immune and Non-Immune Cell Subsets
Authors: S. Haskett, S. Boudaoud, T. Reynolds, G. Nocturne, M. Themeles, R. Dunstan, T. Zheng, M. Mingueneau, M. Xavier
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> The cellular characterization of the immune infiltrate in exocrine glands from patients with primary Sjögren9s syndrome (pSS) has relied so far on methods with low dimensionality. As a result, our knowledge of cellular events taking place in the exocrine glands of these patients is limited. <h3>Objectives</h3> In order to quantify cellular variations associated with pathogenesis, we used here highly multiparametric cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) to analyze diagnostic biopsies from patients with pSS and non-pSS sicca controls. <h3>Methods</h3> The CyTOF instrument combines single cell analysis used in flow cytometry with mass spectrometry detection of metal-conjugated antibodies. Using a panel of 36 antibodies, cell populations present in heterogeneous cell suspensions were characterized and correlated with clinical parameters. In parallel, paired formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded sections of labial glands from 15 individuals from this cohort were used to examine anatomic relationships between cell subsets identified by CyTOF. <h3>Results</h3> We studied 16 pSS patients and 13 non-pSS sicca controls, among which 81% were anti-SSA+, 44% were anti-SSB+, and 63% had a focus score of 1 or more. In addition to confirming the well-characterized presence of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and B cells in Sjögren9s biopsies, this experimental approach revealed several additional pathologic features, among which are: (a) a dramatic accumulation of CD38<sup>++</sup>CD27<sup>+</sup>HLA-DR<sup>low</sup> cells (up to 50% of glandular B cells); (b) an unexpected abundance of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells showing marks of activation; (c) the upregulation of HLA-DR on epithelial cells in pSS patients with grades ≥3, which constitutes the first direct evidence of a potential pathological contribution of the epithelium using un-manipulated, <i>ex vivo</i>, primary human cells. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The CyTOF instrument is a new tool allowing precise determination of salivary gland subsets, which may generate new mechanistic hypotheses on pathogenesis of the disease. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Complications of gonorrhea.
Authors: F Faragó
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Complications of GonorrhoeaApart from pelvic infections in women, complications of gonorrhoea have come to be regarded as uncommon to the point of rarity.Prompt treatment is usually sought by men and seems virtually to have eliminated both acute and chronic complications.Women have been less fortunate, however, owing to delay in treatment resulting from absence ofsymptoms or misinterpretation of the early trivial ill effects.Metastatic gonorrhoea is still described in the textbooks, but many experienced venereologists have never seen it.Nevertheless there have been occasional reports, chiefly from North America, of an apparently mild condition resulting from invasion of the blood stream by the gonococcus.Two such cases were reported in Britain by E. P. O'Sullivan' in 1964,
Growth of Human T-Cell Lineage Acute Leukemia in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) Mice and Non-obese Diabetic SCID Mice
Authors: Jeremy P.C. Steele, Robyn D. Clutterbuck, Ray L. Powles, Paul L.R. Mitchell, Clive Horton, Ricardo Morilla, Daniel Catovsky, John L. Millar
Journal: Blood (1997)