tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of evidence based practices to improve survival without severe morbidity for very preterm infants: results from the EPICE population based cohort
Authors: Jennifer Zeitlin, Bradley N Manktelow, Aurelie Piedvache, Marina Cuttini, Elaine Boyle, Arno van Heijst, Janusz Gadzinowski, Patrick Van Reempts, Lene Huusom, Tom Weber, Stephan Schmidt, Henrique Barros, Dominico Dillalo, Liis Toome, Mikael Norman, Beatrice Blondel, Mercedes Bonet, Elisabeth S Draper, Rolf F Maier
Journal: BMJ (2016)

<b>Objectives</b>&nbsp;To evaluate the implementation of four high evidence practices for the care of very preterm infants to assess their use and impact in routine clinical practice and whether they constitute a driver for reducing mortality and neonatal morbidity. <b>Design</b>&nbsp;Prospective multinational population based observational study. <b>Setting</b>&nbsp;19 regions from 11 European countries covering 850 000 annual births participating in the EPICE (Effective Perinatal Intensive Care in Europe for very preterm births) project. <b>Participants</b>&nbsp;7336 infants born between 24+0 and 31+6 weeks’ gestation in 2011/12 without serious congenital anomalies and surviving to neonatal admission. <b>Main outcome measures</b>&nbsp;Combined use of four evidence based practices for infants born before 28 weeks’ gestation using an “all or none” approach: delivery in a maternity unit with appropriate level of neonatal care; administration of antenatal corticosteroids; prevention of hypothermia (temperature on admission to neonatal unit ≥36°C); surfactant used within two hours of birth or early nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Infant outcomes were in-hospital mortality, severe neonatal morbidity at discharge, and a composite measure of death or severe morbidity, or both. We modelled associations using risk ratios, with propensity score weighting to account for potential confounding bias. Analyses were adjusted for clustering within delivery hospital. <b>Results</b>&nbsp;Only 58.3% (n=4275) of infants received all evidence based practices for which they were eligible. Infants with low gestational age, growth restriction, low Apgar scores, and who were born on the day of maternal admission to hospital were less likely to receive evidence based care. After adjustment, evidence based care was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (risk ratio 0.72, 95% confidence interval 0.60 to 0.87) and in-hospital mortality or severe morbidity, or both (0.82, 0.73 to 0.92), corresponding to an estimated 18% decrease in all deaths without an increase in severe morbidity if these interventions had been provided to all infants. <b>Conclusions</b>&nbsp;More comprehensive use of evidence based practices in perinatal medicine could result in considerable gains for very preterm infants, in terms of increased survival without severe morbidity.
Targeted campaigns must help ethnic minorities spot cancer signs, researchers say
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Recognition of potential cancer symptoms is lower among minority ethnic groups, says a large study report in the British Journal of Cancer that highlights the importance of developing tailored health campaigns.

Researchers gathered data from 18 cross sectional surveys carried out in England with a total data set of 38 492 people.1 The surveys used the Cancer Research UK Cancer Awareness Measure, which asks a series of questions about symptoms of …
Multivitamin and mineral supplements in pregnancy are unnecessary expense, review finds
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Expensive multivitamin and mineral supplements targeted at pregnant women are a waste of money and do not result in better outcomes for mother or baby, an evidence review has concluded. Women should instead focus on improving their overall diet and taking folic acid and vitamin D supplements, both of which are relatively cheap, it said.

Many multivitamin and mineral supplements are heavily marketed to women at all stages of pregnancy to guard against a range of problems that can result from nutritional deficiency, including pre-eclampsia, restricted fetal growth, neural tube defects, skeletal …
Combined effect of Vacc-4x, recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor vaccination, and romidepsin on the HIV-1 reservoir (REDUC): a single-arm, phase 1B/2A trial
Authors: Steffen Leth, Mariane H Schleimann, Sara K Nissen, Jesper F Højen, Rikke Olesen, Mette E Graversen, Sofie Jørgensen, Anne Sofie Kjær, Paul W Denton, Alejandra Mørk, Maja A Sommerfelt, Kim Krogsgaard, Lars Østergaard, Thomas A Rasmussen, Martin Tolstrup, Ole Schmeltz Søgaard
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2016)
5-Azacytidine Versus Intensive Chemotherapy or BSC in Elderly (&gt;60 years) Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients. A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Josefina Serrano, Adolfo de la Fuente, Juan Bergua, José Falantes, Martín-Chacón Eusebio, López Juan Antonio, Martinez-Losada MC, Casaño J, Antonio Romero, Prieto Elena, Mendez G, Tabares S, Jose Francisco Tomas, Sánchez-Garcia Joaquin, Torres Antonio
Journal: Blood (2011)
A phase Ib extension study of cancer stemness inhibitor BB608 (napabucasin) in combination with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel (nab-PTX) in patients (pts) with metastatic pancreatic cancer.
Authors: Bassel F. El-Rayes, Safi Shahda, Alexander Starodub, Bert H. O'Neil, Wahid Tewfik Hanna, Walid Labib Shaib, Cindy Oh, Wei Li, Youzhi Li, Laura Borodyansky, Chiang Li, Tanios S. Bekaii-Saab
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

4128 Background: BB608 (aka napabucasin, BBI-608) is an oral first-in-class cancer stemness inhibitor that works by targeting Stat3-driven gene transcription. Preclinical anti-tumor activity was observed in vitro and in vivo. BB608 has shown clinical safety and encouraging signs of anti-cancer activity in multiple cancer types in phase I/II studies. Methods: A phase Ib extension, open label, multi-center study in pts with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC) was undertaken to confirm the RP2D, PK profile and signs of anticancer activity of BB608 in combination with gemcitabine and nab-PTX. BB608 was administered at 240 mg BID in combination with gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 and nab-PTX 125 mg/m2 administered weekly for 3 out every 4 weeks until progression of disease, unacceptable toxicity, or other discontinuation criterion. Results: Of 37 pts enrolled, 31 (84%) were treatment-naïve and 6 (16%) received neoadjuvant systemic therapy. There were no dose-limiting or unexpected toxicities. Most common adverse events (AE's) related to BB608 included grade 1 diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, and fatigue with grade 3 adverse events observed in 6 pts: 1 pt (diarrhea), 1 pt (dehydration), 3 pts (fatigue, hypokalemia) and 1 pt (hyponatremia). No significant pharmacokinetic interactions were observed. Disease control (PR+SD) was observed in 27 of 29 evaluable pts (93%), with 23 pts (79.3%) with tumor regression of which 10 pts (34.5%) achieved PR (RECIST 1.1: 33 - 78% regression). Of the 8 pts who were non-evaluable for treatment response, 3 stopped treatment due to clinical progression, 1 due to non-compliance, and 4 withdrew consent. Among 37 pts enrolled (intent-to-treat), disease control (PR+SD) was observed in 27 pts (73%), with tumor regression observed in 23 pts (62.2%) of which 10 pts achieved PR (27%). Conclusions: This phase Ib extension study confirmed that BB608 can be combined with gemcitabine and nab-PTX and shows encouraging signs of anti-tumor activity in pts with pancreatic cancer. Clinical trial information: NCT02231723.
A prospective randomized controlled trial comparing infliximab and etanercept in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque-type psoriasis: the Psoriasis Infliximab vs. Etanercept Comparison Evaluation (PIECE) study
Authors: A.C.Q. de Vries, H.B. Thio, W.J.A. de Kort, B.C. Opmeer, H.M. van der Stok, E.M.G.J. de Jong, B. Horvath, J.J.V. Busschbach, T.E.C. Nijsten, Ph.I. Spuls
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

There are currently no independent data available comparing infliximab and etanercept for the treatment of psoriasis. To compare these biologics without funding from pharmaceutical companies. Overall, 50 patients were randomized to etanercept (n = 23) 50 mg subcutaneously twice weekly or infliximab (n = 25) 5 mg kg−1 intravenously at week 0, 2, 6, 14 and 22. After 24 weeks, 19 patients stopped and 22 continued treatment and were followed up to week 48. The primary outcome was ≥ 75% improvement of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) at week 24. The secondary outcomes included PASI 75 at week 6 (onset of action) and week 12, Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA), Patient Global Assessment, impact on quality of life (Skindex‐17 and SF‐36), Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire of Medication, duration of remission, maintenance treatment and safety. At week 24, PASI 75 was achieved in 72% (infliximab) vs. 35% (etanercept) (P = 0·01). The onset of action was achieved in 52% (infliximab) and 4% (etanercept). At week 12, 76% (infliximab) and 22% (etanercept) achieved PASI 75 (P < 0·001). At week 24, IGA ‘clear or almost clear’ was observed in 76% (infliximab) and 30% (etanercept) (P = 0·01). Skindex‐17 symptom score was significantly better for infliximab. Maintenance treatment achieved PASI 75 for 67% (n = 6) infliximab vs. 50% (n = 5) etanercept, at week 48 (P = 0·65). Mild adverse events were reported in 76% (infliximab) vs. 66% (etanercept). Infliximab showed a rapid and significant higher level of efficacy until week 24 compared with etanercept. Long‐term data showed no significant differences between both groups at week 48. Safety parameters were comparable.
Serum Testosterone Concentrations and Urinary Bisphenol A, Benzophenone-3, Triclosan, and Paraben Levels in Male and Female Children and Adolescents: NHANES 2011–2012
Authors: Franco Scinicariello, Melanie C. Buser
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Exposure to environmental phenols (e.g., bisphenol A, benzophenone-3, and triclosan) and parabens is widespread in the population. Many of these chemicals have been shown to have anti-androgenic effects both in vitro and in vivo.We examined the association of bisphenol A (BPA), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), triclosan (TCS), and parabens with serum total testosterone (TT) levels in child and adolescent participants (ages 6-19 years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012.We performed multivariable linear regression to estimate associations between natural log-transformed serum TT and quartiles of urinary BPA, BP-3, TCS, and parabens in male and female children (ages 6-11 years) and adolescents (ages 12-19 years).BP-3 and BPA were associated with significantly lower TT in male adolescents, and BPA was associated with significantly higher TT in female adolescents. TT was not consistently associated with TCS or total parabens in children or adolescents of either sex.To our knowledge, this is the first study to report an association of both BP-3 and BPA with serum TT in adolescents. Associations between BPA and TT differed according to sex in adolescents, with inverse associations in boys and positive associations in girls. BP-3 was associated with significantly lower TT in adolescent boys only. However, because of the limitations inherent to the cross-sectional study design, further studies are needed to confirm and elucidate on our findings. Citation: Scinicariello F, Buser MC. 2016. Serum testosterone concentrations and urinary bisphenol A, benzophenone-3, triclosan, and paraben levels in male and female children and adolescents: NHANES 2011-2012. Environ Health Perspect 124:1898-1904; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP150.
Acute myeloid leukemia: 2016 Update on risk‐stratification and management
Authors: Elihu Estey
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2016)

Evidence suggest that even patients aged 70 or above benefit from specific AML therapy. The fundamental decision in AML then becomes whether to recommend standard or investigational treatment. This decision must rest on the likely outcome of standard treatment. Hence we review factors that predict treatment related mortality and resistance to therapy, the latter the principal cause of failure even in patients aged 70 or above. We emphasize the limitations of prediction of resistance based only on pre- treatment factors and stress the need to incorporate post-treatment factors, for example indicators of minimal residual disease. We review various newer therapeutic options and considerations that underlie the decision to recommend allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. Am. J. Hematol. 91:825-846, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reply to Boškoski et al.
Authors: Klaus Mönkemüller, Marco D’Assunçao, Nadan Rustemovic, Hrvoje Ivekoviċ, Branko Bilic, Lucia Fry, Ivan Jovanovic
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

We appreciate the author’s interest in our publication [1]. We agree that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is one of the most difficult endoscopic disciplines to learn. Indeed, until now, in most places of the world, learning and training of ERCP have been done on humans; however, we strongly believe that training should be first accomplished using ERCP models, ideally ex vivo biologic models that allow for therapeutic interventions, including sphincterotomy [2] [3] [4] [5]. In order to provide better training before embarking on “human training,” several models have been developed for ERCP training, including live animals (e. g. pigs and dogs), and ex vivo biologic and plastic models such as those shown in [Fig. 1] and [Fig. 2] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5].
Evaluation of the Impact of National HIV Testing Day — United States, 2011–2014
Authors: Shirley Lee Lecher, NaTasha Hollis, Christopher Lehmann, Karen W. Hoover, Avatar Jones, Lisa Belcher
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing is the first step in the continuum of HIV prevention, care, and treatment services, without which, gaps in HIV diagnosis cannot be addressed. National HIV testing campaigns are useful for promoting HIV testing among large numbers of persons. However, the impact of such campaigns on identification of new HIV-positive diagnoses is unclear. To assess whether National HIV Testing Day (NHTD, June 27) was effective in identifying new HIV-positive diagnoses, National HIV Prevention Program Monitoring and Evaluation (NHM&E) data for CDC-funded testing events conducted during 2011-2014 were analyzed. The number of HIV testing events and new HIV-positive diagnoses during June of each year were compared with those in other months by demographics and target populations. The number of HIV testing events and new HIV-positive diagnoses were also compared for each day leading up to and after NHTD in June and July of each year. New HIV-positive diagnoses peaked in June relative to other months and specifically on NHTD. During 2011-2014, NHTD had a substantial impact on increasing the number of persons who knew their HIV status and in diagnosing new HIV infections. NHTD also proved effective in reaching persons at high risk disproportionately affected by HIV, including African American (black) men, men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender persons. Promoting NHTD can successfully increase the number of new HIV-positive diagnoses, including HIV infections among target populations at high risk for HIV infection.
Monitoring Warfarin with the Fiix-Prothrombin Time Improves Anticoagulation Stability and Long-Term Clinical Outcome. the Fiix-Trial
Authors: Pall T. Onundarson, Charles W. Francis, Einar S. Bjornsson, Magnus K. Magnusson, David O. Arnar, Olafur S. Indridason, Sigrun Helga Lund, Sigurdur J. Juliusson, Hulda M. Jensdottir, Brynja R. Gudmundsdottir
Journal: Blood (2014)
A high-throughput sequencing test for diagnosing inherited bleeding, thrombotic, and platelet disorders
Authors: Ilenia Simeoni, Jonathan C. Stephens, Fengyuan Hu, Sri V. V. Deevi, Karyn Megy, Tadbir K. Bariana, Claire Lentaigne, Sol Schulman, Suthesh Sivapalaratnam, Minka J. A. Vries, Sarah K. Westbury, Daniel Greene, Sofia Papadia, Marie-Christine Alessi, Antony P. Attwood, Matthias Ballmaier, Gareth Baynam, Emilse Bermejo, Marta Bertoli, Paul F. Bray, Loredana Bury, Marco Cattaneo, Peter Collins, Louise C. Daugherty, Rémi Favier, Deborah L. French, Bruce Furie, Michael Gattens, Manuela Germeshausen, Cedric Ghevaert, Anne C. Goodeve, Jose A. Guerrero, Daniel J. Hampshire, Daniel P. Hart, Johan W. M. Heemskerk, Yvonne M. C. Henskens, Marian Hill, Nancy Hogg, Jennifer D. Jolley, Walter H. Kahr, Anne M. Kelly, Ron Kerr, Myrto Kostadima, Shinji Kunishima, Michele P. Lambert, Ri Liesner, José A. López, Rutendo P. Mapeta, Mary Mathias, Carolyn M. Millar, Amit Nathwani, Marguerite Neerman-Arbez, Alan T. Nurden, Paquita Nurden, Maha Othman, Kathelijne Peerlinck, David J. Perry, Pawan Poudel, Pieter Reitsma, Matthew T. Rondina, Peter A. Smethurst, William Stevenson, Artur Szkotak, Salih Tuna, Christel van Geet, Deborah Whitehorn, David A. Wilcox, Bin Zhang, Shoshana Revel-Vilk, Paolo Gresele, Daniel B. Bellissimo, Christopher J. Penkett, Michael A. Laffan, Andrew D. Mumford, Augusto Rendon, Keith Gomez, Kathleen Freson, Willem H. Ouwehand, Ernest Turro
Journal: Blood (2016)
Tumor immunity: will new keys unlock the door?
Authors: J Ritz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1994.12.2.237 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 8113831 Tumor immunity: will new keys unlock the door? J RitzxJ RitzSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1994.12.2.237 PDF "Tumor immunity: will new keys unlock the door?." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 12(2), pp. 237–238© 1994 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Persistent Diarrhea
Authors: Herbert L. DuPont
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Diarrheal disease is commonly encountered in clinical practice. Persistent diarrhea (≥14 days) can be caused by pathogens that differ from those commonly seen in acute illness; proper etiologic diagnosis is important for appropriate therapeutic management. This review provides an overview of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and management of persistent diarrhea caused by infectious agents in immunocompetent individuals worldwide.Much of the data on persistent diarrhea comes from studies of residents in or expatriates of developing countries and travelers to these regions where follow-up studies have been performed. Persistent diarrhea occurs in approximately 3% of individuals traveling to developing countries. Schistosoma mansoni (and rarely Schistosoma haematobium) intestinal infection is also not very common and is found only in endemic areas. The microbiologic causes of protracted diarrhea include detectable parasitic (eg, Giardia, Cryptosporidium) and bacterial (eg, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, Shigella) pathogens. Available diagnostic tests include culture-dependent for bacterial pathogens and culture-independent methods for bacterial, viral, and protozoal infections (eg, polymerase chain reaction [PCR]), including multiplex PCR, as well as and microscopy for protozoal infections. Antimicrobial therapy can be given empirically to patients returning from the undeveloped to the developed world. Otherwise, antibiotics should be given based on the results of laboratory testing.Persistent diarrhea is a poorly recognized syndrome in all populations that requires proper assessment and diagnosis to ensure that affected individuals receive the treatment needed to experience improvement of clinical symptoms.
Molecular Pathways: Cachexia Signaling—A Targeted Approach to Cancer Treatment
Authors: Yuji Miyamoto, Diana L. Hanna, Wu Zhang, Hideo Baba, Heinz-Josef Lenz
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass, which negatively affects quality of life and portends a poor prognosis. Numerous molecular substrates and mechanisms underlie the dysregulation of skeletal muscle synthesis and degradation observed in cancer cachexia, including proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL1, and IL6), and the NF-κB, IGF1/AKT/mTOR, and myostatin/activin-SMAD pathways. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that anti-cachexia drugs (such as MABp1 and soluble receptor antagonist of myostatin/activin) not only prevent muscle wasting but also may prolong overall survival. In this review, we focus on the significance of cachexia signaling in patients with cancer and highlight promising drugs targeting tumor cachexia in clinical development. Clin Cancer Res; 22(16); 3999-4004. ©2016 AACR.
A phase Ib dose-escalation study of TRC105 (anti-endoglin antibody) in combination with bevacizumab (BEV) for advanced solid tumors.
Authors: Lee S. Rosen, Francisco Robert, Daniela Matei, Jonathan Wade Goldman, David S. Mendelson, E. Gabriela Chiorean, Robert Matthew Strother, Ben K. Seon, Delia Alvarez, Bonne J. Adams, Charles P. Theuer, Michael S. Gordon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

3059 Background: CD105 (endoglin) is an endothelial cell membrane receptor highly expressed on angiogenic tumor vessels that is essential for angiogenesis and upregulated by hypoxia and VEGF inhibition. TRC105 is an anti-CD105 monoclonal antibody that potentiates VEGF inhibitors in preclinical models. This study assessed safety, PK and preliminary efficacy of TRC105 in combination with BEV. Methods: Pts with advanced solid tumors, ECOG PS 0-1, and normal organ function were treated with escalating doses of IV TRC105 (3, 6, 8 or 10 mg/kg/wk) plus bevacizumab (BEV) at 15 mg/kg q3wk or 10 mg/kg q2wk. Results: Thirty one pts (median age = 62; M:F 14:17; median 4 prior regimens; primarily metastatic colorectal or ovarian cancer) were treated with TRC105 wkly + BEV. TRC105 3 mg/kg wkly + 15 mg/kg q3wk BEV was well tolerated. Concurrent administration of TRC105 6 mg/kg wkly + 15 mg/kg BEV q3wk resulted in headaches in 4 of 5 pts on cycle 1 day 1 (two grade 3). Dose escalation to the recommended single-agent phase II dose of 10 mg/kg TRC105 weekly + BEV (10 mg/kg q2wk) was tolerated when the initial TRC105 dose was introduced one week after BEV dosing and administered over 2 days. Headache was the only serious adverse drug reaction observed. Adverse events characteristic of each individual drug were not increased in frequency or severity. Target TRC105 serum concentrations were achieved at 6 mg/kg. Mucocutaneous telangiectasia, a marker of TRC105 target modulation, was observed beginning at 6 mg/kg and was dose proportional. Five of 19 heavily pretreated, BEV or VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) refractory pts with colorectal and ovarian cancer, each with marked tumor burden, experienced radiographic reductions in tumor volume (10-17%). Three of these patients remained on study longer than the prior VEGF inhibitor treatment and two are ongoing. Seven ongoing patients have been treated for 2-8 months. Conclusions: TRC105 10 mg/kg wkly was well tolerated with BEV 10 mg/kg q2wk. The combination demonstrated activity in BEV and VEGF TKI refractory pts. Randomized phase II trials of BEV +/- TRC105 have commenced in renal cell cancer and glioblastoma. Clinical trial information: NCT01332721.