tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cation Leak in Red Blood Cells of Patients with Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Leads to Non-Immunologic Hemolysis
Authors: Robert A. Sokolic, Satheesh Chonat, Mary Risinger, Michael Eckhaus, Elizabeth Garabedian, Katherine R. Calvo, Irina Maric, Theodosia A. Kalfa, Fabio Candotti
Journal: Blood (2014)
Study of MGUS-Series: Disease Evolution, Coexistant Disorders and Other Clinical Observations
Authors: Dimitrios Maltezas, Nikolaou Eftychia, Paraskevi Papaioannou, Aikaterini Bitsani, Tatiana Tzenou, Maria Dimou, Theodoros Iliakis, Sotiria Kotsanti, Panagiota Petsa, Panayiotis Panayiotidis, Marie-Christine Kyrtsonis
Journal: Blood (2015)
Maintenance phase in psoralen-ultraviolet A phototherapy of early-stage mycosis fungoides. A critically appraised topic
Authors: V. Grandi, C. Delfino, A. Pileri, N. Pimpinelli
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2017)

A 65-year-old patient affected by mycosis fungoides (MF) stage IB achieved complete remission (CR) after a cycle of PUVA phototherapy. The U.S. Cutaneous Lymphoma Consortium (USCLC) guidelines suggest that the patient should be kept in the maintenance phase, defined as a 'period of gradual decrease of frequency of UVL [ultraviolet light] while in clinical remission before discontinuation of phototherapy' by slowly tapering the number of psoralen-ultraviolet A (PUVA) applications over time up to clinical relapse. The USCLC guidelines also suggest a standardized schedule for the maintenance phase. Alternatively, the patient could end PUVA therapy and go straight to follow-up. The aim of this critically appraised topic (CAT) was to determine if a maintenance phase gives a significant benefit in terms of relapse rate (RR) and RFI in patients affected by early-stage MF who had achieved CR under PUVA phototherapy. Embase, PubMed and TRIP databases were searched for 'mycosis fungoides' AND [('photochemotherapy' OR 'puva') OR 'psoralen'] in June 2016. Three articles matched our inclusion criteria and are discussed in this CAT. In this field of research the literature is poor and the reported level of evidence is low. Only one of the studies was conducted prospectively, and none were randomized. No significant difference in terms of reduction in relapse rate or increase in RFI in patients who underwent a PUVA maintenance phase emerged when compared with those who went for simple follow-up. Further randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are required in order to evaluate maintenance phase vs. no treatment before it can be favoured as the standard protocol of treatment in early-stage MF. At the time of writing this paper, we report an ongoing Austrian multicentre RCT (Clinical Trial.gov identifier: NCT01686594) that will hopefully give useful results in this topic.
Comment on Cefalu et al. Update and Next Steps for Real-World Translation of Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention: Reflections From a <i>Diabetes Care</i> Editors’ Expert Forum. Diabetes Care 2016;39:1186–1201
Authors: W. Timothy Garvey
Journal: Diabetes Care (2017)

The 2016 Diabetes Care Editors’ Expert Forum on the prevention of type 2 diabetes is both welcome and timely (1). Prevention of type 2 diabetes is not a routine therapeutic goal in clinical practice despite the 1 ) increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, 2 ) large numbers of at-risk individuals with prediabetes and/or metabolic syndrome, and 3 ) presence of interventions for effective disease prevention. The only way to stem the rising rates of type 2 diabetes is prevention, and the authors have reviewed copious evidence demonstrating that lifestyle therapy and medications approved for diabetes can effectively delay or prevent progression to type 2 diabetes. Unfortunately, there are no medications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for type 2 diabetes prevention. The value of this forum is to call attention to this important clinical need and to consider approaches for a more concerted effort toward diabetes prevention.

The forum, however, has two shortcomings. First, there was a relative lack of emphasis on medication-assisted weight loss as a …
Comparison of Surface Phenotype, Conjugation, and Regulatory Proteins within Natural Killer (NK) Populations Derived from Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) and Adult Blood (AB).
Authors: O. R. Masri, Y. Huang, L. Fanning, M. Finney, M. Kozik, J. Banks, M. Lam, K. Duam-Woods, M. J. Laughlin
Journal: Blood (2004)
Class II MHC–independent suppressive adhesion of dendritic cells by regulatory T cells in vivo
Authors: Jiacong Yan, Bo Liu, Yan Shi, Hai Qi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2017)

Regulatory T (T reg) cells are essential for peripheral homeostasis and known to target and suppress dendritic cells (DCs). One important mechanism is through prolonged interaction between antigen-specific T reg cells and DCs that down-regulates the co-stimulatory capacity of DCs. However, the dynamics and TCR specificities of such T reg cell–DC interaction and its relevance to the suppressive outcomes for individual DCs have not been clarified. To gain insights into the underlying cellular events in vivo, we analyzed individual T reg cell–DC interaction events in lymph nodes by intravital microscopy. Our results show that, upon exposure to interleukin-2, T reg cells formed prolonged adhesive contact with DCs, independent of antigen or MHC recognition, which significantly suppressed the contemporaneous interaction of the same DCs with antigen-specific conventional T cells and impaired T cell priming. Therefore, T reg cells may function in part as feedback regulators in inflammatory milieu, by suppressing local DCs and interrupting immune activation in a contact-dependent and class II MHC-independent manner.
A Transcriptional Signature Distinguishing Short and Long-Term Surviving Patients with MDS.
Authors: Akos Czibere, Christian Prall, Ulrich Steidl, Ingmar Bruns, Andrea Kuendgen, Aristoteles Giagounidis, Rainer Haas, Guido Kobbe, Ulrich Germing, Manuel Aivado
Journal: Blood (2006)
Genome-Wide Computational Screen for Blood Stem Cell Enhancers Integrates RUNX1 and the BMP Signaling Pathway into the SCL Transcriptional Network.
Authors: John E. Pimanda, Ian J. Donaldson, Marella F. Bruijn, Sarah J. Kinston, Kathy Knezevic, Liz Huckle, Sandie Piltz, Josette-Renee Landry, Anthony R. Green, David Tannahill, Berthold Gottgens
Journal: Blood (2006)
Environmental learning 2000.
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Why do we learn about environmental issues? In part, because there continues to be a concern about the state of the ‘environment’ broadly defined yet we are often confused by the complexities of the various economic, ethical, political, and social issues related to this concept.KeywordsEnvironmental EducationDirect ExperienceEnvironmental EthicParticipatory Action ResearchEnvironmental TopicThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Dasatinib (SPRYCEL®) in Children and Adolescents with Relapsed or Refractory Leukemia: Preliminary Results of the CA180018 Phase I/II Study.
Authors: Christian M. Zwaan, M.L. den Boer, B. Beverloo, V. van der Velden, A. Countouriotis, L. Strauss, L. Astier, A. Apanovitch, J. Landman-Parker, P. Kearns
Journal: Blood (2006)
Immunomodulatory Effects of Lenalidomide and Bortezomib on Bone Marrow Stroma Cell and CD4 T Cell Interaction in Multiple Myeloma.
Authors: Gullu Gorgun, Elisabetta Calabrese, Teru Hideshima, Hiroshi Ikeda, Giulia Perrone, Loredana Santo, Diana Cirstea, Paul G Richardson, Kenneth C Anderson
Journal: Blood (2008)
Cotransplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prompted Platelets Recovery in HLA-Haploidentical/Mismatched Blood and Marrow Transplantation: A Randomized Phase II Study.
Authors: Kai yan Liu, Xiao Jun Huang, Yu hong Chen, Huan Chen, Lan ping Xu, Xiao hui Zhao, Ting Zhao, Yu Wang, Jin Wang, Wei Han, Chun hua Zhao
Journal: Blood (2008)
Portal or Splenic Vein Thrombosis after Splenectomy for Immune Cytopenia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Caroline Morbieu, Francesco Brunetti, Laurence Baranès, Laetitia Languille, Nicolas Limal, Valentine Loustau, Philippe Bierling, Marc Michel, Bertrand Godeau, Matthieu Mahévas
Journal: Blood (2015)
Incentive Spirometry After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Julie Ann Wesp, Meredith C. Duke, Timothy M. Farrell
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2017)

Since the 1950s, deep breathing exercises have been thought to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications after abdominal operations. The incentive spirometer was designed in the 1970s to assist patients in performing appropriate deep breathing through visual feedback.1
The Utility of the Follow-up with Serum Free Light Chain After Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma Patients with Measurable M-Protein.
Authors: Byeong Seok Sohn, Eun Kyoung Kim, Dok Hyun Yoon, Myoung Joo Kang, Dae Ro Choi, Heui June Ahn, Yoo Jin Cho, Kyu-pyo Kim, Dae Ho Lee, Sang We Kim, Cheolwon Suh, Jung Shin Lee
Journal: Blood (2009)
Novel therapeutic approach to improve hematopoiesis in low risk MDS by targeting MDSCs with the Fc-engineered CD33 antibody BI 836858
Authors: E A Eksioglu, X Chen, K-H Heider, B Rueter, K L McGraw, A A Basiorka, M Wei, A Burnette, P Cheng, J Lancet, R Komrokji, J Djeu, A List, S Wei
Journal: Leukemia (2017)
Detailed Investigation On Characteristics of Japanese Patients with Chronic Phase CML Who Achieved a Durable CMR After Discontinuation of Imatinib – an Updated Result of the Keio STIM Study.
Authors: Eri Matsuki, Yukako Ono, Koharu Tonegawa, Masatoshi Sakurai, Hiroyoshi Kunimoto, Jo Ishizawa, Norisato Hashimoto, Takayuki Shimizu, Akiko Yamane, Maiko Matsushita, Kenji Yokoyama, Shinichiro Okamoto
Journal: Blood (2012)
Predictive Power of Early, Sequential MRD Monitoring in Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow in Patients with Mantle Cell Lymphoma Following Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation with or without Rituximab Maintenance; Interim Results from the LyMa-MRD Project, Conducted on Behalf of the Lysa Group
Authors: Mary B Callanan, Marie-Hélène Delfau, Elizabeth Macintyre, Catherine Thieblemont, Lucie Oberic, Emmanuel Gyan, Krimo Bouabdallah, Remy Gressin, Gandhi Damaj, Olivier Casasnovas, Vincent Ribrag, Estelle Gimenez, Olivier Hermine, Steven Le Gouill
Journal: Blood (2015)
Myeloid Expansion after Insertional Activation of MDS1/EVI1, PRDM16 and SETBP1 in a Successful Chronic Granulomatous Gene Therapy Trial.
Authors: Kerstin Schwarzwaelder, Manfred Schmidt, Marion G. Ott, Stefan Stein, Hanno Glimm, Annette Deichmann, Marlene Fischer, Claudia Ball, Ingo Pilz, Sonja Schmidt, Claudia Prinz, Sylvia Fessler, Manuela Wissler, Silke Klingenberg, Dieter Hoelzer, Reinhard Seger, Manuel Grez, Christof von Kalle
Journal: Blood (2005)
Improved Outcome After Reduced Intensity Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (RI-HCT) for Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) Using Tacrolimus/Sirolimus-Based Gvhd Prophylaxis.
Authors: Ryotaro Nakamura, Joycelynne Palmer, Pablo Parker, Anthony Stein, Tracey Stiller, Vinod Pullarkat, David S. Snyder, Ji-Lian Cai, Shirong Wang, David Senitzer, Karen L. Chang, Ravi Bhatia, Stephen J Forman, Margaret O'Donnell
Journal: Blood (2009)
Mapping and Role of the CD8 + T Cell Response During Primary Zika Virus Infection in Mice
Authors: Annie Elong Ngono, Edward A. Vizcarra, William W. Tang, Nicholas Sheets, Yunichel Joo, Kenneth Kim, Matthew J. Gorman, Michael S. Diamond, Sujan Shresta
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2017)

Highlights•LysMCre+IFNARfl/fl mice developed as a model to investigate T cell responses to ZIKV•ZIKV infection elicits CD8+ T cells targeting viral PrM, E, and NS5 proteins in mice•ZIKV-immune CD8+ T cell transfer reduced while depletion increased viral burdens in mice•CD8−/− mice displayed higher mortality with ZIKV infectionSummaryCD8+ T cells may play a dual role in protection against and pathogenesis of flaviviruses, including Zika virus (ZIKV). We evaluated the CD8+ T cell response in ZIKV-infected LysMCre+IFNARfl/fl C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice lacking the type I interferon receptor in a subset of myeloid cells. In total, 26 and 15 CD8+ T cell-reactive peptides for ZIKV African (MR766) and Asian (FSS13025) lineage strains, respectively, were identified and validated. CD8+ T cells from infected mice were polyfunctional and mediated cytotoxicity. Adoptive transfer of ZIKV-immune CD8+ T cells reduced viral burdens, whereas their depletion led to higher tissue burdens, and CD8−/− mice displayed higher mortality with ZIKV infection. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CD8+ T cells protect against ZIKV infection. Further, this study provides a T cell competent mouse model for investigating ZIKV-specific T cell responses.Graphical abstract
CEBPA Mutations Predict Favorable Prognosis in Pediatric AML
Authors: Phoenix Ho, Todd A. Alonzo, Robert B. Gerbing, Jessica A. Pollard, Derek Stirewalt, Craig Alan Hurwitz, Nyla A. Heerema, Betsy Hirsch, Susana C. Raimondi, Beverly Lange, Janet Franklin, Jerald Radich, Soheil Meshinchi
Journal: Blood (2008)
Circulating Noncoding RNAs as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease and Injury
Authors: Janika Viereck, Thomas Thum
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

The discovery of thousands of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) has expanded our view on mammalian genomes and transcriptomes, as well as their organization and regulation. Accumulating evidence on aberrantly regulated ncRNAs, including short microRNAs, long ncRNAs and circular RNAs, across various heart diseases indicates that ncRNAs are critical contributors to cardiovascular pathophysiology. In addition, ncRNAs are released into the circulation where they are present in concentration levels that differ between healthy subjects and diseased patients. Although little is known about the origin and function of such circulating ncRNAs, these molecules are increasingly recognized as noninvasive and readily accessible biomarker for risk stratification, diagnosis and prognosis of cardiac injury, and multiple forms of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we summarize recent findings on biological characteristics of circulating ncRNAs and highlight their value as potential biomarker in selected pathologies of cardiovascular disease.
Risk Factors for Cancer- and Catheter-Associated Thrombosis in Asian Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Receiving R-CHOP Chemotherapy
Authors: Hyunsung Park, Hyunsoo Cho, Jungyeon Lee, Jieun Jang, Yundeok Kim, Soo Jeong Kim, Yu Ri Kim, June-Won Cheong, Yoo Hong Min, Jin Seok Kim
Journal: Blood (2015)
Identification of Marker Genes That Discriminate between Different Myeloproliferative Disorders and Normal Individuals Including RUNX3 (AML2).
Authors: Claudia I. Muller, Quang T. Luong, Letetia C. Jones, Julian C. Desmond, Norihiko Kawamata, Tcherniantchouk Tcherniantchouk, Lee-Yung Shih, Yoshiaki Ito, Kosei Ito, Qiang Liu, Motomi Osato, Sven de Vos, H. Phillip Koeffler
Journal: Blood (2005)
Beclomethasone and Budesonide Are Partially Effective As Sole Therapy for Isolated Gastro-Intestinal Gvhd
Authors: Chiara Frairia, Jamie Shapiro, Jongphil Kim, Joseph Pidala, Ernesto Ayala, Brian C Betts, Hugo F Fernandez, Teresa Field, Mohamed Kharfan-Dabaja, Frederick L Locke, Asmita Mishra, Taiga Nishihori, Jose L Ochoa-Bayona, Lia Perez, Marcie L Riches, Claudio Anasetti
Journal: Blood (2014)
High-Level Expression of Mastermind-Like 2 (MAML2) Contributes to Aberrant Activation of the NOTCH Signaling Pathway In Human Lymphomas
Authors: Karl Köchert, Stephan Kreher, Jon C Aster, Motoo Kitagawa, Korinna Jöhrens, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, Franziska Jundt, Harald Stein, Martin Janz, Bernd Dörken, Stephan Mathas
Journal: Blood (2010)
A Distinct Molecular Signature of Purified Cancer Stem Cells: Evidence for a Hematopoietic Stem Cell Origin of the 5q- Syndrome.
Authors: Lars Nilsson, Patrik Edén, Eleonor Olsson, Robert Månsson, Ingbritt Åstrand-Grundström, Bodil Strömbeck, Ramin Tehranchi, Kim Theilgaard-Mönch, Robert Hast, Eva Hellström-Lindberg, Jan Samuelsson, Gösta Bergh, Bertil Johansson, Mikael Sigvardsson, Åke Borg, Sten-Eirik W. Jacobsen
Journal: Blood (2005)
Nodular hidradenoma: Dermoscopic presentation
Authors: Juan Carlos Robles-Mendez, Sylvia Aide Martínez-Cabriales, Alejandra Villarreal-Martínez, Ana Sofía Ayala-Cortés, Ivette Miranda-Maldonado, Osvaldo Vázquez-Martínez, Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2017)
Anti-Folate Receptor-α IgE but not IgG Recruits Macrophages to Attack Tumors via TNFα/MCP-1 Signaling
Authors: Debra H. Josephs, Heather J. Bax, Tihomir Dodev, Mirella Georgouli, Mano Nakamura, Giulia Pellizzari, Louise Saul, Panagiotis Karagiannis, Anthony Cheung, Cecilia Herraiz, Kristina M. Ilieva, Isabel Correa, Matthew Fittall, Silvia Crescioli, Patrycja Gazinska, Natalie Woodman, Silvia Mele, Giulia Chiaruttini, Amy E. Gilbert, Alexander Koers, Marguerite Bracher, Christopher Selkirk, Heike Lentfer, Claire Barton, Elliott Lever, Gareth Muirhead, Sophia Tsoka, Silvana Canevari, Mariangela Figini, Ana Montes, Noel Downes, David Dombrowicz, Christopher J. Corrigan, Andrew J. Beavil, Frank O. Nestle, Paul S. Jones, Hannah J. Gould, Victoria Sanz-Moreno, Philip J. Blower, James F. Spicer, Sophia N. Karagiannis
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

IgE antibodies are key mediators of antiparasitic immune responses, but their potential for cancer treatment via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) has been little studied. Recently, tumor antigen-specific IgEs were reported to restrict cancer cell growth by engaging high-affinity Fc receptors on monocytes and macrophages; however, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms were undefined and
Role of Surgical Resection in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients with Prior Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Ren Lin, Li Gao, Zhiping Fan, Qianli Jiang, Hongsheng Zhou, Fen Huang, Yu Zhang, Min Dai, Jing Sun, Qifa Liu
Journal: Blood (2014)
Favorable Survival of Multiple Myeloma Patients with t(11;14)(q13;q32) Plus Normal Chromosome 13q.
Authors: Hannes Kaufmann, Catrin Baldia, Jutta Ackermann, Thomas Noesslinger, Heinz Gisslinger, Ulrich Jaeger, Verena Sagaster, Sonja Seidl, Andrea Keck, Heinz Ludwig, Ingrid Simonitsch-Klupp, Christoph Zielinski, Johannes Drach
Journal: Blood (2004)
Phosphatidylinositol-3 Kinase Delta (PI3Kδ) Inhibitor AMG 319 Is a Potent, Selective and Orally Bioavailable Small Molecule Inhibitor That Suppresses PI3K-Mediated Signaling and Viability in Neoplastic B Cells
Authors: Angus Sinclair, Daniela Metz, Tim Cushing, Liqin Liu, Rachael Brake, Charlie Starnes, Gary Means, Kirk Henne, Ivonne Archibeque, Bethany Mattson, Allison Drew, Leigh Busse, Ling Wang, Ali-Samer Al-Assaad, Graham Molineux
Journal: Blood (2011)
Clinical Significance of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Early-Stage Hodgkin's Lymphoma.
Authors: Manuel Gotti, Marta Nicola, Valeria Fiaccadori, Elisa Bono, Marco Lucioni, Maurizio Bonfichi, Marzia Varettoni, Cristiana Pascutto, Luca Arcaini, Marco Paulli, Mario Cazzola
Journal: Blood (2012)
Response to Comment on Cefalu et al. Update and Next Steps for Real-World Translation of Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention: Reflections From a <i>Diabetes Care</i> Editors’ Expert Forum. Diabetes Care 2016;39:1186–1201
Authors: William T. Cefalu, John B. Buse, Jaakko Tuomilehto, G. Alexander Fleming, Ele Ferrannini, Hertzel C. Gerstein, Peter H. Bennett, Ambady Ramachandran, Itamar Raz, Julio Rosenstock, Steven E. Kahn
Journal: Diabetes Care (2017)

We thank Dr. Garvey for his letter (1) in response to our 2015 Diabetes Care Editors’ Expert Forum on the prevention of type 2 diabetes (2). We appreciate his comments regarding the importance of the topic and the need for effective preventive strategies. Dr. Garvey also pointed out two shortcomings in our paper that we would like to address.

Dr. Garvey first stated that “there was a relative lack of emphasis on medication-assisted weight loss as a primary treatment approach, whereas conventional diabetes medications were afforded greater discussion” (1). He further stated, “All five medications approved for chronic management of obesity are highly effective for treating type 2 diabetes, and published clinical trials for three of these medications also demonstrate high efficacy for type 2 diabetes prevention, namely, orlistat, liraglutide 3 mg, and phentermine/topiramate extended release (ER) [3], which was not referenced in the forum” (1). We fully agree that weight loss in the range of 10% does appear to be maximally effective and can indeed reduce progression to type 2 diabetes. However, our goal in this Expert Forum was to specifically target studies whose primary aim was primary prevention of type 2 diabetes. For instance, the study evaluating phentermine/topiramate ER trials (4) was not primarily a type 2 diabetes prevention trial but rather reported type 2 diabetes incidence as a “subanalysis of a phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of overweight/obese subjects (BMI ≥27 to ≤45 kg/m2) with two or more comorbidities.” Thus, although we appreciate Dr. Garvey’s point and do not dispute the …
Treatment decisions for MRSA in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF): when is enough, enough?
Authors: Scott C Bell, Patrick A Flume
Journal: Thorax (2017)

Treatment of infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease should be based on identifying which organisms warrant treatment, requiring evidence that the pathogen leads to worse outcomes and that intervention yields better clinical outcomes. This has been demonstrated for Pseudomonas aeruginosa , where eradication of early infection and suppression of chronic infection have become the standard of care. This approach has not been broadly adopted for Staphylococcus aureus , in part because of insufficient evidence demonstrating an association with worse outcomes and treatment has not proven better outcomes. However, there is a rising concern about methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). MRSA infection in patients with CF has been associated with more severe pulmonary disease and poorer clinical outcomes.1–3

Rates of MRSA infection have increased dramatically and now exceed 25% of the CF population in the USA, paralleling rates in the general community.4 Notably, prevalence rates of MRSA are significantly lower in other countries including the UK and Australia (each 2.6%).5 ,6 Given these observations, efforts to treat MRSA would seem relevant, but evidence of treatment benefit is lacking. Until now, treatment approaches for MRSA have been anecdotal and decision-making has been supported by small studies.7–15

The results of a prospective, open-label randomised study of the treatment of early MRSA infection in patients with CF are reported.16 The primary endpoint was a microbiological one—could they render the patient culture negative, often assumed to represent eradication? Participants were randomly allocated to treatment or a period of observation. Treatment included antibiotics for 14 days in addition to hygienic measures aimed to reduce nasal, cutaneous and domestic environmental colonisation. The key findings of the study were a higher proportion of patients without MRSA in airway cultures at 28 days (82%—treatment arm vs 26%—observation arm).

Two important trial conduct issues were identified …