tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sepsis: pathophysiology and clinical management
Authors: Jeffrey E Gotts, Michael A Matthay
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock represent increasingly severe systemic inflammatory responses to infection. Sepsis is common in the aging population, and it disproportionately affects patients with cancer and underlying immunosuppression. In its most severe form, sepsis causes multiple organ dysfunction that can produce a state of chronic critical illness characterized by severe immune dysfunction and catabolism. Much has been learnt about the pathogenesis of sepsis at the molecular, cell, and intact organ level. Despite uncertainties in hemodynamic management and several treatments that have failed in clinical trials, investigational therapies increasingly target sepsis induced organ and immune dysfunction. Outcomes in sepsis have greatly improved overall, probably because of an enhanced focus on early diagnosis and fluid resuscitation, the rapid delivery of effective antibiotics, and other improvements in supportive care for critically ill patients. These improvements include lung protective ventilation, more judicious use of blood products, and strategies to reduce nosocomial infections.
Bilateral Tarsal Coalitions Detected on Tc-99m Methylene Diphosphonate Bone Scan With SPECT/CT
Authors: Koramadai Karuppusamy Kamaleshwaran, Anish Bhattacharya, Sameer Aggarwal, Chidambaram Natarajan Balasubramaniam Harisankar, Bhagwant Rai Mittal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Tarsal coalitions are uncommon clinical entities that must be suspected when an adolescent patient presents with foot pain, decreased mobility, and deformity of the feet. Bilateral calcaneonavicular cuboid coalitions in adults are rare. We report a case of bilateral tarsal coalitions in an adult, diagnosed on Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy with single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography.
Changes in Ultrasonographic Vascularity Upon Initiation of Adalimumab Combination Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients With an Inadequate Response to Methotrexate
Authors: Gurjit S. Kaeley, Midori J. Nishio, Janak R. Goyal, Daryl K. MacCarter, Alvin F. Wells, Su Chen, Hartmut Kupper, Jasmina Kalabic
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2016)

To assess joint disease activity by ultrasound (US) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) initiating treatment with adalimumab (ADA) plus methotrexate (MTX).Data for this post hoc analysis originated from the MUSICA trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01185288), which evaluated the efficacy of initiating ADA (40 mg every other week) plus 7.5 or 20 mg/week MTX in 309 patients with RA with an inadequate response to MTX. Synovial vascularization over 24 weeks was assessed bilaterally at metacarpophalangeal joint 2 (MCP2), MCP3, MCP5, metatarsophalangeal joint 5, and the wrists by power Doppler US (PDUS). A semiquantitative 4-grade scale was used. Disease activity was assessed using the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the C-reactive protein level (DAS28-CRP) and Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI). The correlation between continuous variables was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.After 24 weeks of treatment with ADA plus MTX, rapid improvements in the mean synovial vascularity score were observed; the greatest improvements were in MCP2 (-0.5), MCP3 (-0.4), and the wrist (-0.4). At week 24, patients with the lowest DAS28-CRP (<2.6) had the lowest mean 5-joint and 3-joint composite synovial vascularity scores. The 5-joint and 3-joint scores were strongly correlated (ρ > 0.9). Synovial vascularity scores correlated poorly with DAS28, swollen joint count in 66 joints (SJC66), SJC28, tender joint count in 68 joints (TJC68), TJC28, Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), SDAI, physician's global assessment, patient's global assessment of pain, and disease duration (ρ < 0.2). Thirty-two (70%) of 46 patients with a DAS28-CRP of <2.6, and 11 (58%) of 19 patients with an SDAI indicating remission had at least 1 joint with a synovial vascularity score of ≥1.PDUS detects changes in synovial vascularity in RA patients treated with ADA plus MTX, and residual synovial vascularity in patients in whom clinical disease control has been achieved.
Burkitt's Lymphoma in the Mengo Districts of Uganda: Epidemiologic Features and Their Relationship to Malaria 2
Authors: R. H. Morrow, A. Kisuule, M. C. Pike, P. G. Smith
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Burkitt's Lymphoma in the Mengo Districts of Uganda: Epidemiologic Features and Their Relationship to Malaria Get access R. H. Morrow, M.D., R. H. Morrow, M.D. 3Department of Preventive Medicine, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda. 4Present address: Department of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, Mass. 02115. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Kisuule, Ph.D., A. Kisuule, Ph.D. 3Department of Preventive Medicine, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. C. Pike, M. C. Pike 3Department of Preventive Medicine, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda. 5On secondment from the Medical Research Council's Statistical Research Unit, London, England. Present address: Cancer Research Project, Departments of Community Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Southern California School of Medicine, 2025 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90033. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. G. Smith, B.Sc. P. G. Smith, B.Sc. 3Department of Preventive Medicine, Makerere University Medical School, Kampala, Uganda. 6Present address: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health. 7We thank Professor S. Kyalwazi and Dr. John Ziegler for permission to study their patients; Professors M. S. R. Hutt and D. H. Wright of Makerere University, and Drs. L. B. Thomas and C. Berard of NCI for reviewing the biopsy specimens and postmortem slides; and Dr. Wilson Carswell for obtaining information on the distribution of chloroquine during the study period. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 56, Issue 3, March 1976, Pages 479–483, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/56.3.479 Published: 01 March 1976 Article history Received: 05 May 1975 Revision received: 21 July 1975 Accepted: 05 October 1975 Published: 01 March 1976
Impact of visit copayments on outpatient mental health utilization by members of a health maintenance organization
Authors: G E Simon, L Grothaus, M L Durham, M VonKorff, C Pabiniak
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The authors examined the impact of increasing cost sharing on use of outpatient mental health services.A quasi-experimental design was used to study outpatient utilization by members of a health maintenance organization (HMO) who were subject to increasing copayments for mental health visits (state government employees and dependents). Their outpatient mental health utilization was compared with that of similar HMO members who were not subject to cost sharing (federal government employees and dependents). Analyses compared both likelihood of any service use and number of visits per year among service users.Institution of $20/visit copayments was associated with a 16% decrease in likelihood of service use but no change in visit rate among service users. A subsequent copayment increase to $30/visit resulted in no significant change in likelihood of use but was associated with a 9% decrease in visits per year among those using services. The impact of the first copayment change on likelihood of using services did not vary according to level of clinical need (as measured by prior service use and psychotropic drug use).In this staff-model HMO, modest visit copayments significantly reduced initial access to mental health treatment and had a smaller effect on treatment intensity. Copayments restricted access regardless of clinical need. Designers of mental health benefits must consider the impact of copayments on those with the greatest need for treatment.
An open-label randomized phase II trial of belinostat (PXD101) in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel (BelCaP) compared to carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with previously untreated carcinoma of unknown primary.
Authors: G. Daugaard, K. Fizazi, G. Huebner, D. Braumann, J. R. Rubinsak, D. Allouache, G. I. Rodriguez, M. Stahl, L. Fuglsang, J. D. Hainsworth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

TPS185 Background: Treatment options for patients (pts) with cancer of unknown primary (CUP) are limited; carboplatin (C) and paclitaxel (P) combination being one of the options. Belinostat (B), is a hydroxamate, class I and II histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) with a broad antineoplastic activity. Phase I and II trials are ongoing in multiple indications and in more than 500 patients the most common adverse events have been nausea, vomiting and fatique. Preclinical data shows synergistic effect when combined with C and P in vitro and in vivo. In a phase I study f or patients with pretreated advanced solid tumors, BelCaP was well-tolerated and active with objective responses seen in pancreatic and rectal cancer pts. A pt with CUP (3 prior chemotherapy regimens) had disease control during 29 mos of treatment. Theref ore, we are conducting a randomized Ph II study (N∼88) of CaP with or without B in CUP pts. Methods: Randomized, global, multicenter phase II trial in 19 centers. Inclusion criteria include: a confirmed diagnosis of CUP, no prior therapy, ECOG PS 0-2, age > 18 years. Eligible patients are randomized to receive either arm A or B. Arm A: BelCaP; B as a 30-min i.v. infusion once daily (1,000 mg/m2) on days 1-3, followed by B 2,000 mg orally once daily on days 4-5, with P (175 mg/m2) administered 2-3 hrs following B on day 3 and C (AUC6) following directly after P, up to 6 cycles. From cycle 7: B 750 mg is administered orally once daily × 14 days. Arm B: P (175 mg/m2) administered day 1 and C (AUC6) following directly after P. Cycles repeated every 3 weeks. Primary endpoint is progression free survival (PFS) and secondary endpoints assess additional efficacy parameters and safety. Response is evaluated according to RECIST criteria. 33 pts have been randomized as of 6 Jan 2009. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration TopoTarget Pfizer Roche, sanofi-aventis TopoTarget
Identification Of The Ki-1 Antigen (CD30) As a Novel Marker and Potential Therapeutic Target In Neoplastic Mast Cells In Advanced Systemic Mastocytosis
Authors: Katharina Blatt, Sabine Cerny-Reiterer, Karl Sotlar, Schwaab Juliana, Gregor Hoermann, Matthias Mayerhofer, Emir Hadzijusufovic, Michael Willmann, Andreas Reiter, Hans-Peter Horny, Peter Valent
Journal: Blood (2013)
National Institutes of Health Awards Vaccine Adjuvant Grants
Authors: Julie A. Jacob
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ezetimibe plus a Statin after Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Jagdeep S Singh, Allan D Struthers, Chim C Lang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Ezetimibe plus a Statin after Acute Coronary SyndromesTo the Editor: With regard to the article by Cannon et al. (June 18 issue), 1 human serum cholesterol derives from two sources: it is either synthesized endogenously or absorbed in the intestine.Statins inhibit endogenous cholesterol synthesis, whereas ezetimibe inhibits intestinal cholesterol absorption. 2 According to findings from the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study 3 and the German Diabetes and Dialysis Study, 4 patients with a high level of cholesterol absorption may receive less benefit from statin therapy than those with a low level of cholesterol absorption.However, patients with elevated absorption may particularly benefit from the addition of ezetimibe to a statin regimen. 2 Patients with elevated intestinal cholesterol absorption can be identified with genetic testing for risk alleles in the ATP-binding cassette transporters G5 and G8 (ABCG5/8), Niemann-Pick C1like 1 (NPC1L1), and ABO genes. 5,6 It remains to be investigated whether these alleles will predict whether statins will be less effective in reducing cardiovascular risk in patients harboring them than in those not harboring them.If so, testing for these alleles in addition to measuring lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels may be helpful in deciding when to add ezetimibe treatment to ongoing statin therapy.This would be an approach toward personalized prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Demonstration of Protection Against the Lethal Toxicity of 6-Mercaptopurine in Mice
Authors: A GOLDIN
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1954)

Journal Article Demonstration of Protection Against the Lethal Toxicity of 6-Mercaptopurine in Mice Get access Abraham Goldin Abraham Goldin Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute,2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 14, Issue 6, June 1954, Pages 1247–1252, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/14.6.1247 Published: 01 June 1954 Article history Received: 14 January 1954 Published: 01 June 1954
Growth of Pulmonary Tumors in Mice of Strains A and C3H
Authors: M B SHIMKIN, M J POLISSAR
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1958)

Quantitative measurements were carried out on the growth of induced primary pulmonary tumors in mice of strains A and C3H. The growth rate characteristic of the tumors appears to be a property of the tumor itself and particularly dependent upon the size of the mass. The growth rate of pulmonary tumors is more rapid in strain A than in strain C3H mice by a ratio of 1 to 0.6. The growth is manifested by a rapid initial phase with gradual deceleration. It is suggested that this deceleration may be due in part to a negative gradient of the rate of cell division from the surface toward the center of the tumor mass.
China's One-Child Family Policy
Authors: Thomas R Jackson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

China's one child family policy, which was first announced in 1979, has remained in place despite the extraordinary political and social changes that have occurred over the past two decades.It emerged from the belief that development would be compromised by rapid population growth and that the sheer size of China's population together with its young age structure presented a unique challenge. MethodsThis article is based on experience from frequent field visits to China over the past 25 years and the authors' collections of relevant Chinese and Western documents from the 1950s onwards.We also used references from the major demographic journals. Population growth since 1953Government family planning services became available as a contribution to maternal and child health in China from 1953.As the result of falling death rates, the population growth rate rose to 2.8%, leading to some 250 million additional people by 1970.After a century of rebellions, wars, epidemics, and the collapse of imperial authority, during which the annual population growth was probably no more than 0.3%, such an expansion was initially seen as part of China's new strength.Mao Zedong quoted a traditional saying: "Of all things in the world, people are the most precious." 1 Rapid growth, however, put considerable strain on the government's efforts to meet the needs of its people.The fourth five year plan in 1970 included, for the first time, targets for population growth rate.Contraceptive and abortion services were extended into the rural areas, and there was extensive promotion of later marriage, longer intervals between births, and smaller families.Within five years the population growth rate fell to around 1.8%, and the target set for 1980 was a growth rate of 1%.To achieve this, each administrative unit introduced its own target and discussed and, when necessary, attempted to modify its population's fertility behaviour.At local level, collective incomes and allocation of funds-for health care, welfare, and schools, for example-made it possible for couples to understand the effect of their personal family choices on the community.They also made it possible for the community to exercise pressure on those who wished to have children outside the agreed plans.
Abstract P3-12-17: Can radiation dosimetric parameters explain severe skin reaction during adjuvant whole breast irradiation applying field-in-field technique?
Authors: WS Yoon, NK Lee, JA Lee, DS Yang, CY Kim, GS Son, YW Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Aim: Although modern radiotherapy such as field-in-field technique decreased the radiation toxicity, skin reaction is still frequent and main problem during adjuvant whole breast irradiation. Our study investigated various radiation dosimetric and clinical parameters as the risk factors of severe skin reaction. Methods: From January 2012 to December 2014, total 219 patients with breast conserving surgery and adjuvant whole breast irradiation were retrospectively reviewed. All patients took both whole breast irradiation (50 Gy/25 fractions) and boost to the tumor bed (10 - 15 Gy). Skin reaction was measured by comparing the photography of radiation field between the first day of whole breast irradiation and boost therapy. For each axilla and inferior fold, the intensity (score 1 to 5) and extent (score 0 to 1) of erythema were recorded and summed. The severe skin reaction was defined as score 5 or 6. The relations of various radiation dosimetric parameters for radiotherapy planning, personal breast characteristics and clinical factors to severe skin reaction were evaluated using the Logistic regression tests. Results: Total 75 (34%) and 57 (26%) patients showed the severe skin reaction to axilla and inferior fold, respectively. The variables of P &amp;lt; 0.2 in univariate analyses including age, the body mass index, the breast height, the V100, the calculated point dose in radiation planning system, the breast separation, the field size, and the gradient of inferior fold entered the multivariate analyses. Age (P=0.013 (OR = 0.950, 95% CI 0.913 - 0.989)), the body mass index (P = 0.015 (OR = 1.123, 95% CI 1.023 - 1.233)), the calculated axilla point dose (P = 0.091 (OR = 1.064, 95% CI 0.990 - 1.142)), and the gradient of inferior fold (P = 0.073 (OR = 1.029, 95% CI 0.997 - 1.063)) were risk factors for severe axilla skin reaction, whereas age (P = 0.018 (OR = 0.948, 95% CI 0.907 - 0.991)) and the V100 (P &amp;lt; 0.001 (OR = 1.005, 95% CI 1.003 - 1.007)) were for severe inferior fold skin reaction. Conclusion: In addition to clinical factor and personal breast characteristics, the radiation dosimetric parameters such as calculated point dose and V100 could be another predictive factors of severe skin reaction. Citation Format: Yoon WS, Lee NK, Lee JA, Yang DS, Kim CY, Son GS, Chang YW. Can radiation dosimetric parameters explain severe skin reaction during adjuvant whole breast irradiation applying field-in-field technique?. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-12-17.
Abstract A18: Mismatch repair proteins recruit DNA methyltransferase 1 to sites of oxidative DNA damage
Authors: Ning Ding, Emily M. Bonham, Brooke E. Hannon, Stephen B. Baylin, Heather M. O'Hagan
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract At sites of chronic inflammation, epithelial cells are exposed to high levels of reactive oxygen species and undergo cancer-associated DNA methylation changes, suggesting that inflammation may initiate epigenetic alterations. Previously, we demonstrated that oxidative damage causes epigenetic silencing proteins to become part of a large complex that is localized to GC-rich regions of the genome, including promoter CpG islands that are epigenetically silenced in cancer. However, whether these proteins were recruited directly to damaged DNA or during the DNA repair process was unknown. Here we demonstrate that the mismatch repair protein heterodimer MSH2-MSH6 participates in the oxidative damage-induced recruitment of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) to chromatin. Hydrogen peroxide treatment induces the interaction of MSH2-MSH6 with DNMT1, suggesting that the recruitment is through a protein−protein interaction. Importantly, the reduction in transcription for genes with CpG island-containing promoters caused by oxidative damage is abrogated by knockdown of MSH6 and/or DNMT1. Our findings provide evidence that the role of DNMT1 at sites of oxidative damage is to reduce transcription, potentially preventing transcription from interfering with the repair process. This study uniquely brings together several factors that are known to contribute to colon cancer, namely inflammation, mismatch repair proteins, and epigenetic changes. Citation Format: Ning Ding, Emily M. Bonham, Brooke E. Hannon, Stephen B. Baylin, Heather M. O'Hagan. Mismatch repair proteins recruit DNA methyltransferase 1 to sites of oxidative DNA damage. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Sep 24-27, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A18.
New Translocation (7:17) In Variant Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia With ATRA Resistance
Authors: Carolina Guillen, Lorena Mardones, Jorge Sánchez-Calero, Esther Jaro, Rocio Salgado, Juan Cigudosa, Mercedes Carnero, Felix García-Sánchez, Begoña Fernández, Monteagudo María Dolores, María Jesús Gómez, María Angeles Andreu, Jacobina Cachá
Journal: Blood (2013)
Cryopreserved Platelets: From in Vitro Thrombin Generation Potential to in Vivo Safety
Authors: Mariasanta Napolitano, Lucio Lo Coco, Giorgia Saccullo, Piera Stefania Arfò, Giuseppe Tarantino, Claudia Di Gesù, Ivan Noel Sciortino, Amalia Reina, Giovanni De Francisci, Rosalia Agliastro, Sergio Siragusa
Journal: Blood (2015)