tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Treatment of Cirrhotic Ascites by Combined Hepatic and Portal Decompression
Authors: William V. McDermott
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THE problem of the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity in association with cirrhosis of the liver has for many years presented a challenge to the surgeon, since it has always been tempting to consider that the accumulation was due primarily to a problem in hydrodynamics and should be correctable by a mechanical approach.The long history of surgical efforts to divert the fluid from the peritoneal cavity back into the general circulation has been well reviewed.1 Occasional operations achieved transitory improvement, but in general these efforts have met with a signal lack of success — to be sure, . . .
Abstract 2584: eNOS as a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Katharine S. Barrientos, Benjamin L. Lampson, Stephan D. Kendall, Christopher M. Counter
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer has a very high mortality rate, and frontline therapy has not changed in over a decade indicating a need for novel therapeutics. In this regard, endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) has emerged as a new target due to recent studies demonstrating elevated expression in human pancreatic cancers, and inhibition of pancreatic tumor growth with eNOS knockdown or knockout in xenograft and genetically engineered mouse models. By pharmacologically testing eNOS inhibition, we found that a non-selective NOS inhibitor, L-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), inhibited tumor growth of human pancreatic cancer cell lines and extended survival in the aggressive Pdx-1-CreTg/+;LSL-KRASG12D/+;LSL-Trp5R172H/+ (KPC) mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by ∼30 days. This extended survival is particularly significant given that the current frontline therapy, gemcitabine, does not provide these mice with a similar survival advantage. While general inhibitors such as L-NAME are attractive molecules to explore, evidence has shown that targeting all three NOS enzymes can have undesirable off-target effects. As eNOS has been identified as the NOS family member required for pancreatic tumorigenesis, and there currently are no selective eNOS inhibitors, we have created and optimized a cell-based system to identify potent and selective compounds for eNOS inhibition. This assay uses a mammalian baculovirus expression system to distinguish the activity of eNOS, nNOS, and iNOS via measurement of the stable bi-products of nitric oxide synthesis, and has been tested with a variety of published NOS inhibitors including L-NAME, the iNOS specific inhibitor 1400W, and the nNOS specific inhibitor L-NPA. The assay is suitable for high throughput screening of small molecule libraries to identify novel eNOS inhibitors that, when paired with gemcitabine, may represent a novel combination therapy for pancreatic cancer therapeutics. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2584. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2584
Combination of carboplatin and the mTor inhibitor RAD001 is a new therapeutic approach for p53-mutated breast cancer.
Authors: H Liu, K Possinger, J Eucker
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #405 Platinum agents are very effective and commonly used chemotherapeutics for the treatment of many solid tumors. However, acquired and intrinsic resistance remains a major obstacle for platinum-based therapy. Recent evidence indicates that mTOR inhibition is a promising strategy to sensitize some p53-wild type solid tumors to conventional chemotherapies. Since p53-mutation is a common phenomenon in breast cancer, we investigated in this study the possibilities of the combined application of carboplatin and the mTOR inhibitor RAD001 in these human breast cancer cells in vitro.&amp;#x2028; Combination of carboplatin and RAD001 resulted in synergistic inhibitions of cell proliferation both in p53-wild type (MCF-7, ZR-75), and in p53-mutated (SKBR-3, BT-474, BT-20), as well as drug resistant (tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7, adriamycin-resistant MCF-7) breast cancer cell lines as analyzed with Calcusyn software. Higher doses of the two drugs resulted in synergistically apoptosis after 24- or 48-hours treatment independent of p53-status of breast cancer cells. Investigation of several cell survival signaling pathways revealed an additively decreased phosphorylation of Erk, STAT3 and Akt after co-treatment suggesting that interference of cell survival signaling may be one of the mechanisms responsible for growth inhibition mediated by this combination.&amp;#x2028; With low doses of the two drugs, we observed impaired cell cycle progression, additively reduced cyclins and CDKs, and enhanced p27 level by flow cytometry analysis and western blot. No rapid apoptosis and caspases-involved cell death were observed. Immunohistological analysis after prolonged treatment with low doses of the two drugs demonstrated that carboplatin alone resulted in the formation of endopolyploid cells in p53-mutated breast cancer cells. RAD001 alone had not such an effect, but strengthened this effect of carboplatin. In addition, decreased level of cyclin B1, the main driver of mitosis, was detected by the co-treatment of the two drugs. These data collectively suggest that the combination use of low doses of carboplatin and RAD001 may present a strategy to overcome the resistance of breast cancer to chemotherapy. It is a promising combination that warrants clinical evaluation. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 405.
Abstract 4128: miR203 induces mesenchymal to epithelial transition via repressing SNAI2 and activating P-cadherin in prostate cells
Authors: Yi Qu, Jigang Zhang, Wen-Cheng Li, Margrete R. Hellem, Kari Rostad, Run-hui Liu, Wei-dong Zhang, Anne Margrete Oyan, Karl H. Kalland, Xi-Song Ke
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract MicroRNAs play critical roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Here we report the functions of miR203 in prostate cancer based upon an experimental cell culture model. While highly expressed in prostate epithelial cells, miR203 became completely repressed following their epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Forced re-expression of miR203 in the mesenchymal cells induced many epithelial features, including morphological change in 2D and 3D culture, decreased abilities of invasion and migration, as well as increased epithelial markers and decreased mesenchymal markers. By computer prediction combined with microarray profiling and luciferase reporter target assays, we identified SNAI2 as target of miR203. Knock-down of SNAI2 can mimic the epithelial phenotypes induced by miR203. Most of the affected genes by miR203 were also found to be changed with the same pattern by knock-down of SNAI2. Furthermore, P-cadherin (CDH3), an important epithelial adhesion component, was identified as the downstream target of SNAI2. CDH3-promoter-Luc reporter assay demonstrated that 3 E-boxes in the CDH3 promoter mediated direct targeting by SNAI2. Decreased and increased expression of CDH3 were found in culture cells with overexpression and knock-down of SNAI2, respectively. We concluded that miR203 represses SNAI2, thus activating P-cadherin in induction of epithelial features. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4128. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4128
P1-12-25: Evaluation of PTEN, EGFR and Ki67 Expression as Predictors of Response to a Trastuzumab-Containing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Regimen in a HER-2 Over-Expressing Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (LABC) Trial.
Authors: J Ho, G Turashvili, M Hayes, KA Gelmon, SL Ellard, N Macpherson, G Pansegrau, SK Chia
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: In patients with HER-2 over-expressing breast cancer, predictors of trastuzumab response and resistance remain unclear and unvalidated. In an exploratory analysis within a phase II trial, we evaluated various biologic markers as predictors of response or resistance to a trastuzumab containing neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen. Methods: A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue samples obtained prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 21 (from a total of 30) HER-2 positive stage II-III patients. Protocol treatment consisted of 4 cycles of 5-Fluorouracil, Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide (FEC100) followed by 4 cycles of Docetaxel, Carboplatin (AUC 6) and Trastuzumab (TCH). Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER-2, Ki67, EGFR and PTEN were performed utilizing previously published protocols and cut-offs. HER-2 equivocal (2+) by IHC cases was confirmed by prior FISH analysis. Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis. Results: 21 patients had sufficient tumour for analysis. Median age at diagnosis was 49 years old, 67% were pre-menopausal, and biomarker expression was as follows: 43% ER positive, 29% PR positive, and 100% HER-2 positive. 14 patients (67%) had pathologic complete response (pCR) following the completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab. In general, tumour samples showed high Ki67 (&amp;gt;14%) staining (62%), low EGFR positivity (14%), and high PTEN expression (71%). Neither high Ki67 expression (p=0.65), any EGFR expression (p=0.26), nor PTEN loss (p=0.60) was associated with higher or lower rates of pCR respectively. Conclusion: In our small cohort of locally advanced HER-2 over-expressing tumours, baseline expression of Ki67, EGFR and PTEN were not associated with pCR to a neoadjuvant sequential anthracycline and taxane/trastuzumab combination regimen. Additional biomarkers for an activated PI3K pathway and for p95 will be attempted. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-12-25.
Anaphylaxis from the Carboxymethylcellulose Component of Barium Sulfate Suspension
Authors: Nobuyuki Muroi, Masahiro Nishibori, Takashi Fujii, Masakazu Yamagata, Sachiko Hosoi, Naoki Nakaya, Kiyomi Saeki, Kimio Henmi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Although allergic reactions to barium sulfate suspensions are estimated to occur at a rate of less than 2 per million,1,2 the frequency has been reported to be increasing.3,4 The cause of these reactions is not known,5–9 but the additives in barium suspensions,10–13 medications such as glucagon,3 and exposure to latex14–17 — for example, through contact with rubber gloves or balloons — have all been implicated. We describe a patient with anaphylaxis induced by the carboxymethylcellulose sodium in barium sulfate suspension. The reaction occurred after an upper gastrointestinal examination. Case Report A 63-year-old woman was admitted . . .
ELECTRIC SHOCK TREATMENT SUCCEEDED BY COMPLETE FLACCID PARALYSIS, HALLUCINATIONS, AND SUDDEN DEATH
Authors: W. RIESE, G. S. FULTZ
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1949)

1. The case of a 44-year-old woman is reported who developed a flaccid paralysis of all four extremities with areflexia after her second electroshock treatment. After her fourth treatment auditory hallucinations were noted and soon thereafter she died. 2. Adopting the principles of jacksonian neurology the postparoxysmic, flaccid paralysis is explained by the "exhaustion" of the nerve cells of the highest centers after their excessive, sudden, and rapid discharge. This sudden cessation (functional destruction) of nervous function produces in its turn the remote, widespread, and usually transient effects of diaschisis. The hallucinations are interpreted as the result of the overactivity or release of the healthy parts of the highest centers. 3. On histologic examination the central nervous system showed fatty products in the nerve cells, disseminated through all levels, cellular changes and glial reactions in the frontal areas, seen in serial sections, scattered areas of disruption and "explosive" destruction, assuming stellate and circular shapes, but also mere rents and slits, associated with displacement of the ganglion cells. The assumption is made that the changes described are not specific in themselves but gain their importance in relation to the clinical history of shock, paralysis, and sudden death in a relatively young individual show ing no detectable pathology responsible for the changes observed.
AB0790 Comparison of the Duration of Therapeutic Ultrasound in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: M.A. Yildirim, D. Uçar, K. Öneş, B. Borcin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this randomized prospective single-blinded study was to compare different durations of ultrasound therapeutic acoustic radiation in patients with knee osteoarthritis. <h3>Methods</h3> A total of 100 patients between the ages of 40-70 years diagnosed with bilateral knee osteoarthritis (OA) in accordance with the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. The first group (G1) received 4 minutes of ultrasound therapeutic acoustic radiation delivered at an intensity of 1.5 watts/cm<sup>2</sup> and a frequency of 1 MHz. The second group (G2) received the exact same treatment, but the duration of ultrasound therapeutic acoustic radiation was longer at 8 minutes. Moreover, both groups also performed physical therapy and received infrared and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Patients in both groups underwent a total of 10 ultrasound therapeutic acoustic radiation treatments over 2 weeks. Following treatment, all patients provided self-evaluations of pain via the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), overall physical function with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), disability via the Lequesne index (Leq), and depressive symptoms with the Beck Depression Index (BDI). <h3>Results</h3> No statistically significant differences were observed in sociodemographic indicator between both groups (p&gt;0.05). At baseline there were no significant differences in Leq, and BDI values between groups 1 and 2 (p&gt;0.05). After treatment, VAS, WOMAC, Leq, and BDI values improved for both treatment groups. However, following treatment, G2 had significantly greater values for WOMAC functional and total scores than G1. No statistically significant differences were observed for VAS pain scores while inactive, WOMAC pain and stiffness scores, and BDI values after treatment between both groups (p&gt;0.05). VAS pain scores while active and Leq index values were significantly lower in G1 than G2. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Patients in both treatment groups demonstrated improved functionality, pain, and psychological status following a consistent, 2-week regimen of 4 minute or 8 minute treatments with ultrasound therapeutic acoustic radiation. Yet, patients that experienced longer treatment durations of 8 minutes demonstrated better outcomes in pain and the ability to carry out activities of daily living. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1645
AB1467-HPR Nsai and effectiveness of physiotherapy in the treatment of gonarthrosis:
Authors: E. Zaimi Petrela, E. Zaimi, T. Backa Cico, E. Zicishti
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Gonarthrosis is a progressive chronic arthropatic disease of the knee which includes degenerative changes of the knee cartilage and hypertrophic changes of the bone tissue around of the articulare surface. <h3>Objectives</h3> The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes between differents types of treatment for gonarthrosis, NSAI, NSAI+analgesic ans NSAI+analgesic+ physiotherapy <h3>Methods</h3> We studied 59 patients diagnosed with gonarthtrosis, at the American Hospital of Tirana, during the period December 2010-December 2011. Patients were divided randomly into three groups according to the type of treatment: patients treated only with NSAI (G1), patients treated with NSAI plus analgesics (G2) and patients treated with NAIS plus analgesic plus physiotherapy (G3). The success or not of the treatment was made by the physician, through the evaluation of pain scale and mobility of the joint.Statistical analyses was made with SPSS19.0. P values ≤0.05 was considered significant. <h3>Results</h3> 76.3% of patients (n=45) were female, mean age 59.1±10.6 and 23.7% (n=14) were male, mean age 59.7±9.4, (without any statistically significant difference in age between males and females, t =- 1.98, df =57,p=0844). 28.8% of patients were diagnosed with unilateral gonarthrosis and 71.2% with bilateral gonarthrosis. 20 patients (33.9%) were in G1, 20 patients (33.9%)were inG2, and 19 patients (32.2%)were in G3. It is worth mentioning that all patients had positive result of the treatment, actually 28.8% of patients (n=17) were assessed having good results of the treatment (less pain and better mobility of the knee, than before treatment) and 71.2% (n=42) of patients were assessed having very good results of treatment (absence of pain and better mobility in the knee, than before treatment). There was a statistical significant correlation between types and outcomes of the treatment (r =0,422, p=0.001, n=59). We found that 94.7%(n=18) of G3 patients had very good results after treatment, while 75%(n=15) of G2 patients had very good results after treatment and only 45% (n=9) of G1 patients had very good results after treatment (Chi<sup>2</sup> =11,9, df =2, p=0.003). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The use of analgesic and physiotherapy improve the effectof NSAI in gonarthrosis. <h3>References</h3> Gail D Deyle, et al: Physical Therapy Treatment Effectiveness for Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Randomized Comparison of Supervised Clinical Exercise and Manual Therapy Procedures Versus a Home Exercise Program, Physical Therapy December 2005 vol. 85 no. 12 1301-1317 Bradley JD, et al. Tidal irrigation as treatment for knee osteoarthritis: a sham-controlled, randomized, double-blinded evaluation. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:100–108. CrossRefMedline Griffin MR, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and increased risk for peptic ulcer disease in elderly persons. Ann Intern Med 1991;114:257–263. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Nonculprit Lesions — Innocent or Guilty by Association
Authors: Laura Mauri
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

The identification and treatment of the infarct-artery (or culprit) lesion is the primary goal of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Expeditious coronary stenting of the thrombosed artery stems ongoing myocardial necrosis and prevents recurrent infarction and death. During emergency angiography and intervention, the focus is on a single thrombotic site. Other plaques may be identified that may be severe but are not thrombotic and so are considered innocent. These stenoses become targets for medical prevention but not coronary stenting.Wald et al. now report in the Journal the results of the Preventive . . .
SP0149 Growing up A Teenager with Juvenile Arthritis
Authors: S. O'shaughnessy
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3></h3> My Background Childhood Years A Teenager At Last The Big Move to Secondary School Oops! Somethings Not Right! Referal to Paediatrics/Hospitalisation Moving on to Adult Rheumatology The Right Consultant For Me Building A Relationship with My Rheumatology Team A Doctor Who Listens! Every picture tells a story! Further Investigations Medical Treatment The Importance of Empathy/Understanding (GP) Introduction to Arthritis Ireland The importance of connecting through Social Media A Lucky Encounter – Estonia Trip (Youth Exchange) Meeting poeple just like me! Forever Friends! Children Can Get Arthritis Too! EULAR – Family Ambassadors For World Arthritis Day School ... The Challenges with Juvenile Arthritis Teachers Support/Flexability Getting the balance right! Pushing trough the pain Why Me? Strengthening My Faith – My Personal Journey Knowing When To Stop!/Balancing life with Arthritis. Family Support and Care State Examinations Finishing School College Here I come! My Future Aspirations ... <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2508
Small diameter delivery system allows expandable metal biliary stent placement using a pediatric colonoscope in surgically altered anatomy
Authors: A. Saleem, T. Baron
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is increasingly performed in patients with surgically altered anatomy [1]. Pediatric colonoscopes may be needed because of the increased flexibility but the small diameter working channel only allows placement of 7-Fr plastic stents. We report two cases of patients with surgically altered anatomy, in whom successful placement of a new self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) with a 6-Fr delivery system (Zilver, Cook Endoscopy, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA) allowed palliation of malignant biliary obstruction using a pediatric colonoscope.