tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P49 Intra-subject variation in breath profile of exhaled volatile organic compounds (eVOCs) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: Y. I. Syed, C. O. Phillips, D. Deganello, K. E. Lewis, T. Claypole
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Specific patterns of exhaled volatile compounds (eVOCs) have been described in a variety of diseases including lung cancer, tuberculosis and COPD, but there are no standardised and universally acceptable methods of sample collection, processing and data analysis. Moreover, there is little if any knowledge of repeatability of eVOCs profile. As part of a larger cohort study on eVOCs in COPD (ISRCTN82911859) we aimed to test the repeatability of eVOCs profiles. <h3>Methods</h3> 118 COPD patients and 63 healthy controls provided three consecutive breath samples (one sample every 2 min). Subjects were all fasted for 4 h fasting and rested for 20 min rest in a closed room in our hospital before testing. Breath samples were collected by slow exhalation to vital capacity through Bio-Voc breath sampler® (Markes International, UK) which collected into two-bed carbon thermal desorption tubes. They were later analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We selected Isoprene and Total eVOCs minus Isoprene as markers of variability. Isoprene is a ubiquitous eVOC linked to cholesterol metabolism, with levels linked to exertion patterns. Variation in the three repeat measurements was determined by a coefficient of variation over the samples (SD as % of mean) and dividing the area under the curve (AUC) in second and third measurement by the first sample. A single researcher took all samples and a single scientist ran the GC-MS. <h3>Results</h3> There is substantial intra-individual variation in level of total VOCs and Isoprene and total VOC over three breaths in controls and COPD. Isoprene tended to fall in repeat sampling, most strongly in the controls, while total eVOCs increased in the second breath but fell in the third. <h3>Discussion</h3> Intra-subject variation in eVOCs profile poses important challenges and normal ranges and acceptable limits of variation need to be set as repeatability is an important characteristic for any diagnostic test. These particular changes may reflect changes in eVOCs production due to increased oxidative stress or muscle metabolism or haemodynamic changes and metabolism induced by exhalation. Further research to explore eVOCs variability and its impact on their diagnostic potential is needed.
Thyroid Ectopia in a Boy with Hypothyroidism
Authors: Nitin P Ghonge, Amit Kumar Sahu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 15-year-old boy presented with lifelong neck swellings that had been gradually increasing in size. He was otherwise asymptomatic. Physical examination was notable for a larger nodule in the infrahyoid area (Panel A, white arrow) and a smaller nodule in the suprahyoid area (Panel A, black arrow). Laboratory tests revealed evidence of subclinical hypothyroidism, with elevated thyrotropin levels (12.6 μIU per milliliter; normal range, 2 to 11), accompanied by normal levels of triiodothyronine (92 ng per deciliter [1.4 nmol per liter]) and thyroxine (6.1 μg per deciliter [78.5 nmol per liter]). After the administration of contrast material, computed tomographic scans . . .
Unusual Metastatic Sites From Renal Cell Carcinoma Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT Scan
Authors: Hrushikesh Aurangabadkar, Zakir Ali
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Here we describe 2 cases of renal cell carcinoma where we found the unusual metastatic sites from renal cell carcinoma on 18F-FDG PET/CT scans in post-radical nephrectomy status. The first case resolves the venous migration of the tumor as a malignant thrombus arising from a remnant stump of the left renal vein, passing through hemiazygos vein further into the azygos vein and finally into the superior vena cava just before entering into the right atrium. The second case demonstrated extensive skeletal muscle deposits involving the muscles of the trunk as well as upper and lower extremities.
O143 SPARC (SECRETED PROTEIN ACIDIC AND RICH IN CYSTEINE) DEFICIENCY PROTECTS FROM CONCANAVALIN A-INDUCED HEPATITIS IN MICE
Authors: E. Peixoto, C. Atorrasagasti, J. Aquino, R. Militello, J. Bayo, E. Fiore, F. Piccioni, E. Salvatierra, L. Alaniz, M.G. Garcia, R. Bataller, F. Corrales, M. Gidekel, O. Podhajcer, M.I. Colombo, G. Mazzolini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Prevention of Cardiac Disease by Subcutaneous Deferoxamine in Patients with Thalassemia Major
Authors: Lawrence Wolfe, Nancy Olivieri, Darlene Sallan, Steven Colan, Vera Rose, Richard Propper, Melvin H. Freedman, David G. Nathan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

We examined the efficacy of long-term subcutaneous deferoxamine therapy in the prevention of iron-related cardiac disease in patients with thalassemia major who began treatment after the age of 10 years. Of 36 such patients without preexisting cardiac disease, 19 did not comply with the program of chelation therapy. Over the course of treatment (1977 to 1983) serum ferritin and aspartate aminotransferase levels fell in the compliant group, from mean values (+/- S.D.) of 4765 +/- 2610 to 2950 +/- 1850 ng per milliliter and 58.1 +/- 22 IU to 30 +/- 20 IU per liter, respectively (P less than 0.05), but rose in the noncompliant group, from 5000 +/- 2316 to 6040 +/- 2550 ng per milliliter and 56.6 +/- 20 to 90 +/- 35 IU per liter, respectively. Only one patient in the compliant group acquired cardiac disease and died of fulminant congestive heart failure. In contrast, 12 noncompliant patients acquired cardiac disease, and 7 died. In addition, the mean age of the compliant population (18.9 +/- 4.5 years) now approaches the mean age of acquisition of cardiac disease in the noncompliant group (19 +/- 4.3). These data demonstrate that compliance with treatment with deferoxamine may protect patients from cardiac disease induced by iron overload.
Influence of the Internal-Mammary-Artery Graft on 10-Year Survival and Other Cardiac Events
Authors: Floyd D. Loop, Bruce W. Lytle, Delos M. Cosgrove, Robert W. Stewart, Marlene Goormastic, George W. Williams, Leonard A.R. Golding, Carl C. Gill, Paul C. Taylor, William C. Sheldon, William L. Proudfit
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We compared patients who received an internal-mammary-artery graft to the anterior descending coronary artery alone or combined with one or more saphenous-vein grafts (n = 2306) with patients who had only saphenous-vein bypass grafts (n = 3625). The 10-year actuarial survival rate among the group receiving the internal-mammary-artery graft, as compared with the group who received the vein grafts (exclusive of hospital deaths), was 93.4 percent versus 88.0 percent (P = 0.05) for those with one-vessel disease; 90.0 percent versus 79.5 percent (P<0.0001) for those with two-vessel disease; and 82.6 percent versus 71.0 percent (P<0.0001) for those with three-vessel disease. After an adjustment for demographic and clinical differences by Cox multivariate analysis, we found that patients who had only vein grafts had a 1.61 times greater risk of death throughout the 10 years, as compared with those who received an internal-mammary-artery graft. In addition, patients who received only vein grafts had 1.41 times the risk of late myocardial infarction (P<0.0001), 1.25 times the risk of hospitalization for cardiac events (P<0.0001), 2.00 times the risk of cardiac reoperation (P<0.0001), and 1.27 times the risk of all late cardiac events (P<0.0001), as compared with patients who received internal-mammary-artery grafts. Internal-mammary-artery grafting for lesions of the anterior descending coronary artery is preferable whenever indicated and technically feasible. (N Engl J Med 1986; 314:1–6.)
Comparison of the ?hot? cystotome technique and the ?cold? technique in drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst
Authors: S Sun, N Ge, J Liu
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and Study Aims: There are two method for transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst: the “hot“ diathermy technique by cystotome and the “cold“ technique. Hitherto, there have been no reports of the comparison of the two methods. Patients and Methods: September 2004 and September 2005, 35 patients underwent endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts, 17 of whom were performed by electrocautery cystotome and 18 of whom were performed without cautery. In the “cold“ group, the drainages were performed under EUS guidance, using an aspiration needle and no cautery. Two 10-Fr stents were placed after balloon dilation of the entry site. In every case of the “hot“ group, a fistula was created with a cystotome followed by placement of one double pigtail stent. Success of entry, complications and diameter of fistulas after 1 month were compared. Results: Successful entry was achieved in 88.9%(16/18) using the “cold“ technique and 94.1% using the cystotome technique (p=NS). Complications of bleeding and infection were seen in 18.8% (3/16) of patients in the “cold“ group and 0 in the cystotome entry group. The mean diameter of fistulas after one month was 14.6 French in the “cold“ group and 28.9 French in the cystotome entry group (p
SP0128 Cutting edge molecular imaging techniques for inflammation
Authors: B. Ostendorf
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

New imaging modalities play an increasing important role in the investigation and management of inflammatory rheumatic diseases (e.g. vasculitis), providing image data in three dimensions and highest resolution by different tomographic techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high-resolution computerized tomography (HR-CT) or even endoscopic techniques such as miniarthroscopy or capsule endoscopy. Furthermore, functional imaging techniques such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) can reveal metabolizing bone and the proliferation of cells by radioactive labelling. Combined procedures such as fully integrated SPECT-CT and PET-MRI allow the accurate co-registration of both, morphological and functional alterations in inflammatory organ processes in one session. Bioluminescence and fluorescence reflectance imaging, respectively molecular imaging targeting such as new radio ligants (MR labelling), are other approaches that provide imaging on molecular level, either for diagnostics or for monitoring therapeutic effects of modern drugs and agents, this in an experimental setting or on the edge of clinical implication. The ability of modern imaging applications to detect metabolic and functional tissue changes before the development of anatomic and structural abnormalities make it an attractive tool for early diagnosis, as well as for monitoring of response to therapy in the management and understanding of a variety of autoimmune or inflammatory conditions. The future of imaging already has begun. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
SP0006 Biochemical Markers for Osteoarthritis: Will the Holy Grail BE Found?
Authors: W.E. Van Spil
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3></h3> The typical symptoms and structural changes that characterize osteoarthritis (OA) are related to alterations in the matrix metabolism in affected joints. These metabolic changes are presumably associated with an altered release of (fragments of) matrix molecules from joint tissues such as cartilage, bone, and synovial tissue. As such, circulating matrix molecules in synovial fluid, blood, and/or urine that do represent important metabolic pathways in the pathogenesis of OA may function as biochemical markers for this process. Such biochemical markers may aid researchers and clinicians in diagnosing and staging OA and in giving a prognosis. Especially markers of articular cartilage degradation have attracted much attention as potential biochemical markers for OA. Among them, collagen type II degradation markers and particularly CTX-II (C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type II) are generally considered to be the most successful markers. Another relatively successful marker is COMP (cartilage oligomeric matrix protein), a non-collagenous protein that can be derived from both cartilage and synovial tissue. An ever growing number of other potential biochemical markers is being studied, although most markers are studied in only a limited number of small studies. Although steps have certainly been made in the biochemical marker field, to date no marker or combination of markers has shown sufficiently strong and consistent associations with relevant clinical and structural OA parameters to justify wide introduction in OA research and practice. This overview will describe challenges that will need to be covered before biochemical markers can be more widely introduced in OA research and practice. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.6170
Synergistic Effect of 2,2 prime ,4,4 prime ,5,5 prime -Hexachlorobiphenyl and 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin on Hepatic Porphyrin Levels in the Rat
Authors: Angelique P. J. M. van Birgelen, Kitty M. Fase, Jolanda van der Kolk, Hermann Poiger, Abraham Brouwer, Willem Seinen, Martin van den Berg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Infiltrating Limb Bones With a Few Lymphadenopathy Revealed on Whole-Body 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Lin Qiu, Yue Chen, Zhanwen Huang, Yan Zhu, Qinglian Wen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 74-year-old man presented to our hospital for a 2-month history of worsening feet and left hand swelling pain. Computed tomography reconstruction image and sagittal images of the left foot demonstrated multiple and irregular bone destruction. Orthopedic surgeon suspected tuberculosis or primary skeletal malignancy. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT revealed bone destruction and abnormal activity mainly in bones of both upper and lower extremities and a few lymphadenopathy at the region of left axilla and groin. Diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was eventually made. Subsequently, the patient was transferred to the department of oncology and responded well to antilymphoma therapy.
Incidental Massive Ga-67 Uptake in the Thorax and Abdomen for the Diagnosis of Lumbar Osteomyelitis
Authors: NICOLA FINN, SEHAM A. ALI, FERNANDO CESANI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Ga-67 uptake in lung carcinoma was first described by Edwards and Hayes in their original reports on Ga-67 uptake in tumors. Ga-67 scintigraphy has subsequently become a widely used method of defining the extent of tumoral disease. Uptake of Ga-67 in the primary lesion is reported to occur in 64%-100% of patients. The authors report a case of a 59-year-old man with low back pain who had an MRI with a lesion in L3-L4. Delayed images on the three-phase bone scan showed uptake in L3-L4 consistent with diskitis. Ga-67 scintigraphy showed multiple diffuse foci of increased uptake throughout the chest and abdomen. The biopsy results of one of the lymph nodes confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung. This case confirms the importance of considering malignancy in the differential diagnosis of Ga-67 scintigraphy.
THU0536 The AGC Kinases Protein Kinase B (PKB) and Serum and Glucocorticoid Kinase (SGK) Differentially Regulate the Metabolic Activity and Inflammatory Activation of Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes and Human Macrophages
Authors: L.M. Hartkamp, I.E. van Es, B. Malvar Fernandez, P.P. Tak, K.A. Reedquist
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) –dependent activation of PKB, and subsequent PKB phosphorylation and inactivation of FoxO transcription factors, is a critical regulator of cellular proliferation and survival. Constitutive activation of the PI3K/PKB pathway, and inactivation of FoxO proteins is observed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient synovial tissue, and rescue of FoxO1 activity induces RA fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) apoptosis. However, SGK, an AGC kinase related to PKB, can also target the same residues of FoxO proteins. <h3>Objectives</h3> Here, we sought to determine the relative contributions of PKB and SGK to RA FLS survival and inflammatory activation. <h3>Methods</h3> PKB and SGK isoform expression was detected by qRT-PCR and immunoblotting experiments on isolated cell populations. Effects of specific PKB (Akt inhibitor VIII) and SGK (GSK 650394) inhibitors on metabolic activity and IL6 production was assessed by MTT assay and ELISA, respectively. The influence of pharmacological inhibition of PKB or SGK on expression of IL1 responsive genes in RA FLS and human macrophages was determined using low density qPCR arrays. Furthermore, effects of pharmacological targeting of PKB or SGK on RA FLS IL-1β- or PDGF- induced FoxO1 phosphorylation was assessed by immunoblotting. <h3>Results</h3> All PKB isoforms (<i>AKT1, AKT2</i>, and <i>AKT3</i>) were expressed at equivalent levels in RA FLS, while only <i>SGK1</i> and <i>SGK3</i>, but not <i>SGK2</i>, were detected. PKBi, but not SGKi, significantly decreased FLS mitochondrial activity. In contrast, only SGKi significantly reduced IL-1β-induced IL-6 production. Examining 84 genes induced by IL-1β in RA FLS, we found that PKBi suppressed transcription of <i>CCL7</i>, <i>CXCL6 CXCL9</i>, <i>CXCL10</i>, <i>CXCL11</i>, <i>IL1RN</i>, and <i>MMP13</i>, but enhanced <i>IL23A</i> and <i>TNFα</i> expression. SGKi enhanced <i>EREG</i> expression, but suppressed <i>CXCL10, CCL4,</i><i>CCL5</i>, <i>CSF3</i>, <i>IL6</i>, <i>MMP3</i>, <i>MMP7</i> and <i>VCAM1</i> expression. In human macrophages we found that PKBi suppressed transcription of <i>IL36A</i> and <i>PGLYRP1</i>, SGKi suppressed <i>IL6</i> and <i>TNF</i>. Neither compound interfered with IL-1β-induced FoxO1 phosphorylation at AGC kinase consensus sites. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results provide the first evidence for a role of SGK in the inflammatory activation of RA FLS and human macrophages, point to an unidentified third AGC kinase regulating FoxO1, and suggest that targeting distinct PI3K-dependent AGC kinases can preferentially modulate specific components of cellular activation. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> : None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5096
Targeting Epigenetic Readers in Cancer
Authors: Margit Rosner, Markus Hengstschläger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

To the Editor: Dawson et al. (Aug. 16 issue)1 argue that epigenetic deregulation is the new central theme in cancer biology and therapy. Recent research shows that this is also true in another specific field. In the transition from basic science to new human stem-cell therapies, epigenetic regulators, which control the balance between pluripotency and tumorigenicity, very likely have the potential to tip the scale. The best stem cells for safe transplantation are those that are not tumorigenic although they harbor the capacity to differentiate into curative cell types. Loose and stringent criteria exist for the usage of the term . . .
E17110 promotes reverse cholesterol transport with liver X receptor β agonist activity in vitro
Authors: Ni Li, Xiao Wang, Peng Liu, Duo Lu, Wei Jiang, Yanni Xu, Shuyi Si
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2016)

Liver X receptor (LXR) plays an important role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), and activation of LXR could reduce atherosclerosis. In the present study we used a cell-based screening method to identify new potential LXRβ agonists. A novel benzofuran-2-carboxylate derivative was identified with LXRβ agonist activity: E17110 showed a significant activation effect on LXRβ with an EC50 value of 0.72 μmol/L. E17110 also increased the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1) in RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, E17110 significantly reduced cellular lipid accumulation and promoted cholesterol efflux in RAW264.7 macrophages. Interestingly, we found that the key amino acids in the LXRβ ligand-binding domain had distinct interactions with E17110 as compared to TO901317. These results suggest that E17110 was identified as a novel compound with LXRβ agonist activity in vitro via screening, and could be developed as a potential anti-atherosclerotic lead compound.
PTU-090 Type 2 diabetes as a positive risk factor in the aetiology of cholangiocarcinoma: a case-control study in two UK centres
Authors: N Burr, R Talboys, S Savva, M P Lewis, S Rushbrook, M Phillips, M Rhodes, R Robinson, M Metcalfe, A Dennison, A Clark, A Hart
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma has increased worldwide with the mortality still remaining high. The aetiology in Western populations is largely unknown, but diabetes may be involved by influencing the neoplastic process via hyperinsulinaemia and the stimulation of the IGF-1 axis. As there are few population based studies looking at this, the aim of this study was to investigate if there is a positive association between type 2 diabetes and the development of cholangiocarcinoma in two centres in the UK. As oral hypoglycaemics may have anti-cancer properties, these drugs were considered when assessing the effect of diabetes. <h3>Methods</h3> Cases of cholangiocarcinoma were identified in Norwich (years 2004–2010) and Leicester (year 2007) from multi-disciplinary team meeting clinical databases. Inclusion required diagnostic evidence from CT scans and/or histology. Controls were patients, of similar ages and gender, with basal cell carcinomas treated in the dermatology departments at each hospital. The case notes of all subjects were reviewed to obtain confirmatory clinical information on cholangiocarcinoma and type 2 diabetes. Data were analysed using unconditional logistic regression to calculate ORs with 95% CIs, adjusted for age at diagnosis and gender. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 80 cases of cholangiocarcinoma (median age at diagnosis = 76 yrs, range 41–96 years, 51% men) and 411 controls were identified. All patients had radiological evidence of cancer, with 86% involving the extrahepatic biliary system. The median survival of cases was 158 days (range 2–1092 days). There was a statistically significant increase in the odds of developing cholangiocarcinoma for those with type 2 diabetes (OR=3.00, 95% CI 1.44 to 6.25), but not for type 1 (OR=1.62, 95% CI 0.165 to 16.08). When the effect of type 2 diabetes was adjusted for use of oral hypoglycaemics, the associations were maintained (metformin OR=3.60, 95% CI 1.26 to 10.25 and sulphonylureas, OR=6.31, 95% CI 2.31 to 17.18). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This epidemiological data supports the biological evidence for type 2 diabetes promoting the development of cholangiocarcinoma. Type 2 diabetes should be considered as a potential risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma in future aetiological studies. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
SPECT/CT of Metastatic Struma Ovarii
Authors: Phillip J. Koo, William C. Klingensmith, Brian M. Bagrosky, Bryan R. Haugen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A 41-year-old woman presented with multiple right lower quadrant masses which were removed and consistent with metastatic follicular thyroid cancer. Thyroidectomy revealed no primary malignancy and evaluation of her ovaries was positive for struma ovarii. The patient was diagnosed with metastatic struma ovarii stage IV. Nine days following the patient's second therapy with I for recurrent disease, planar and SPECT/CT imaging demonstrated multiple I avid peritoneal nodules. At least one of them, located along the medial margin of the spleen, would have been difficult to diagnose without hybrid SPECT/CT imaging.
Chronic pancreatitis and cholangitis caused by absence of the duodenal papilla
Authors: L.-H. Hu, Z. Liao, X. Pan, Z.-S. Li
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Anatomic abnormalities associated with the opening of the pancreas and biliary systems into the upper gastrointestinal tract have been increasingly recognized since endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has come into wide use in clinical practice [1].