tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brief Communication: Daily Intravenous Infusions of Corynebacterium parvum in Twenty Patients With Disseminated Cancer: A Preliminary Report of Clinical and Biologic Findings
Authors: Lucien Israël, Richard Edelstein, Alain Depierre, Nikolai Dimitrov
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Twenty terminally ill patients with various disseminated tumors were treated with daily iv infusions of Corynebacterium parvum given alone at doses of 4 mg/day, 5 days/week, for 4-16 weeks. In 8 patients (40%), the lesions partially regressed to less than 50% of their original size. Another patient who did not improve with C. parvum therapy had a complete remission after the first course of chemotherapy. Skin tests, total leukocyte counts, and T- and B-cell counts revealed variable and unpredictable changes. Phytohemagglutinin- and concanavalin A-induced blastogenesis tended to increase. Of 10 patients, 8 had a significant decrease in serum C3 levels after completion of C. parvum therapy, possibly due to an increased C3 consumption by macrophages activated by the immunostimulant. That nonspecific immune stimulation after repeated iv infusions of an immunostimulant can by itself induce regression in disseminated disease does not agree with the current concept that immunotherapy can be effective only against minimal residual disease. The therapeutic procedure proposed here, though frequently associated with moderate short-lasting side effects, is devoid of serious toxicity.
Reciprocal activation between STAT3 and miR-181b regulates the proliferation of esophageal cancer stem-like cells via the CYLD pathway
Authors: Dan-dan Xu, Peng-jun Zhou, Ying Wang, Li Zhang, Wu-yu Fu, Bi-bo Ruan, Hai-peng Xu, Chao-zhi Hu, Lu Tian, Jin-hong Qin, Sheng Wang, Xiao Wang, Yi-cheng Li, Qiu-ying Liu, Zhe Ren, Rong Zhang, Yi-fei Wang
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2016)

Recent studies have suggested that cancer cells contain subpopulations that can initiate tumor growth, self-renew, and maintain tumor cell growth. However, for esophageal cancer cells, the relationship between STAT3, microRNAs and cancer stem cells remains unclear. Serum-free culture was used to enrich esophageal cancer stem-like cells (ECSLC). Flow cytometry determined the proportion of ECSLC. qPCR were performed to examine expression level of stemness factors, mesenchymal markers, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, STAT3, miR-181b, CYLD. Western blot were performed to analyze the expression of STAT3, p-STAT3 and CYLD (cylindromatosis). BALB/c mice xenograft studies were conducted to evaluate the tumorigenicity of enriched ECSLC. Sphere formation assay and colony formation assays were employed to analyze the relationship between STAT3 and miR-181b. Luciferase assays were used to evaluate activity which CYLD is a target of miR-181b. Sphere formation cells (SFCs) with properties of ECSLC were enriched. Enriched SFCs in serum-free suspension culture exhibited cancer stem-like cell properties and increased single-positive CD44 + CD24-, stemness factor, mesenchymal marker expression ABC transporters and tumorigenicity in vivo compared with the parental cells. Additionally, we found that reciprocal activation between STAT3 and miR-181b regulated SFCs proliferation. Moreover, STAT3 directly activated miR-181b transcription in SFCs and miR-181b then potentiated p-STAT3 activity. Luciferase assays indicated that CYLD was a direct and functional target of miR-181b. The mutual regulation between STAT3 and miR-181b in SFCs was required for proliferation and apoptosis resistance. STAT3 and miR-181b control each other's expression in a positive feedback loop that regulates SFCs via CYLD pathway. These findings maybe is helpful for targeting ECSLC and providing approach for esophageal cancer treatments.
Immunocompetence of Patients with Protein-Calorie Malnutrition
Authors: Dennis K. Law, Stanley J. Dudrick, Nabih I. Abdou
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Abstract Both the thymus (T)- and bone marrow (B)-dependent immune systems were evaluated in 18 adults with protein-calorie malnutrition and in 12 control patients. Seven of the 18 malnourished pat...
Video Telementoring to Accelerate Learning of New Surgical Techniques
Authors: Jamii St Julien, Nancy D. Perrier
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Gastric Polypectomy
Authors: E. Seifert, K. Gail, J. Weismüller
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

In a survey of 23 endoscopy centres in the Federal Republic of Germany 6,182 cases are reported in which gastric polypectomies were performed. 1,177 patients were observed over a period of up to 7 years. Primary benign gastric polyps recurred in 6.1 % most of them within 1 year after polypectomy, and genuinely recurrent polyps usually had a histological pattern identical to that of the ectomized polyps. In 32.5 % new polyps occurred at different locations in the stomach, and most of them exhibited the same histological structure as the primary polyp. In 1.7 % of primary benign solitary or multiple gastric polyps gastric carcinoma must be expected to develop. Follow-up examinations revealed only one carcinoma in 68 polyposis patients (= 1.5 %), but in these cases, consideration must be given to a simultaneous carcinoma, which was observed in 8.5 % at the first examination. In high-risk patients, endoscopic removal of protruded-type early gastric cancer and borderline lesion represents very satisfactory therapy. The recurrence rate of early gastric cancer was only 13.6 % and of borderline lesion 9.7 %. However, in cases of borderline lesions a cancer can be expected to develop in a further 8.6 %. The consequences of this study are discussed.
Harry James
Authors: Leslie G. Cohen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

On Being a Doctor2 November 1999Harry JamesLeslie G. Cohen, MDLeslie G. Cohen, MDJamaica Plain, MA 02130 (Cohen)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-9-199911020-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail He was a lanky, crew-cut kid of 13, with a late-afternoon appointment to get refills for his asthma and acne medications. I had known him for a few years, so it was easy to pick up where we had left off 3 months before. After asking how he'd been since his last appointment, I briefly examined him, and wrote the prescriptions. Noticing his leather case on the floor, I asked, “Jesse, how long have you been playing the trumpet?”“Two years now,” he said, looking up. “The asthma doesn't bother me much.”“Do you take lessons?” I was interested.“Yeah. ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Leslie G. Cohen, MDAffiliations: Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 (Cohen)Corresponding Author: Leslie G. Cohen, MD, 11 Robeson Street, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130. For reprint orders in quantities exceeding 100, please contact the Reprints Coordinator; phone, 215-351-2657; e-mail, reprints@mail.acponline.org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 2 November 1999Volume 131, Issue 9Page: 710-711KeywordsAcneAsthmaBrainMemoryMouthSweat ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 2 November 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Art: Liking it raw
Authors: Sabina Dosani
Journal: BMJ (2006)

At first I thought, “How patronising to hang a bit of scribble by a psychiatric patient and call it art.” Then I realised I was looking at a work by Jean Dubuffet, an “insider” who collected and championed Art Brut and had a fascination with children's drawings. According to the Whitechapel Gallery, his work is a parody of modern urban existence, reminiscent of prehistoric cave drawings.

Art Brut (raw art), or outsider art, refers to art created by psychiatric patients, criminals, self styled visionaries, mediums, and others on the fringes of society. It is potentially a term so wide that it could take in anyone from Beryl Cook to L S Lowry, any artist without the “insider's” formal training or connections to the art establishment.

If you are prepared to immerse yourself in a world where reality takes a backseat, Inner Worlds Outside is effortlessly engaging. By showing modern masters alongside outsider artists, the Whitechapel Art Gallery is selling this exhibition as a unique approach to art (although exhibitions of this kind of art are not new—see BMJ 2002;324: 1222). Understandably the craftsmanship is of a variable standard, but this is hardly the point. The collection on display at the Whitechapel is quite unlike anything you see anywhere else, with images from prisoners and patients in mental hospitals rubbing shoulders with the furtive American artist Henry Darger (1892-1973), whose legacy of 7000 drawings was discovered only after his death.​death.



Figure 1

Untitled (Calico Roll) by Madge Gill





Four large panoramic paintings by Darger—seemingly innocent images of numerous little girls set in an idyllic landscape—are the first thing that confronts visitors on entering the show. Closer inspection reveals something more sinister. Not only are some of the girls naked but they have male rather than female genitalia.

Moving to a side room, there is a slide show of eccentric buildings and sculptures, mostly from the United States with others from Germany and Britain. There is a house built of bottles, another covered in shells, and a stretch limo covered in all manner of bric-a-brac. If the modern movement is about simplicity of line, this is about as far away from it as you can get.

There's flair here. Trolleybus c 1995 by Willem van Genk, a Dutch collager, is made entirely with found objects and is a quirky metaphor of a childhood spent in an orphanage. The sheer brilliance of Von Stropp's Oestrum canvas is breathtaking—a disturbing monochrome nightmarish image that looks as if Hieronymus Bosh has been given an album cover to illustrate.

It's worth visiting this exhibition for one piece alone. Madge Gill's searing and poignant Untitled (Calico Roll). Her intimate imagery, reminiscent of Biro scribble, is packed with haunted looking faces. It frightens, disturbs, and touches. An atmosphere of oppression, incarceration, and frustration hangs in the air.
Use of an over-the-scope clip for endoscopic sealing of anastomotic dehiscence after anterior resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Paola Soriani, Gian Tontini, Luca Pastorelli, Massimo Mauri, Helmut Neumann, Maurizio Vecchi, Pavlos Lagoussis
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Oncological colo-rectal surgery may be complicated by anastomotic leakage, especially in patients who have undergone anterior resection for distal cancer. Occurring in up to 20 % of such patients [1], anastomotic leakage usually requires emergency intervention with a prolonged hospital stay, adversely affects both long-term survival and quality of life, and may result in the need for a permanent stoma [1] [2].
Enzyme Induction
Authors: Thomas D. Gelehrter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Enzyme induction is an adaptive increase in the number of molecules of a specific enzyme secondary either to an increase in its rate of synthesis or to a decrease in its rate of degradation. Enzyme activity, however, may also be altered without a change in the amount of enzyme, and a variety of biochemical agents may effect such changes.1 Since enzyme induction appears to be involved in the course of normal development and differentiation, in the nutritional control of key metabolic pathways, in the reactions of the body to a variety of drugs, and in the actions of hormones on . . .
The added value of a European Union tuberculosis reference laboratory network – analysis of the national reference laboratory activities
Authors: F A Drobniewski, V Nikolayevskyy, S Hoffner, O Pogoryelova, D Manissero, A J Ozin
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

National reference laboratories (NRL) and other laboratories are the cornerstones of well-functioning tuberculosis programmes and surveillance activities. However, the scope and activity of NRL services for mycobacterial identification and drug susceptibility testing (DST) has not been examined in detail across the European Union (EU), nor has the added value of cooperation and networking at the European level been explored with regard to strengthening laboratory services. Therefore, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has commissioned a survey to explore these issues and to identify areas of work that could bring added value by supporting networking activities of tuberculosis (TB) reference laboratories in the EU. Structured questionnaires were sent to TB reference laboratory experts in the EU and European Economic Area (EEA) countries, and in three additional countries selected on the basis of their networking activities with EU projects and other initiatives (Switzerland, Croatia and Israel). The compiled results describe the activities and structure of 32 NRLs (29 countries replied, a response rate of 91%). The analysis of the survey led to the following recommendations for strengthening TB laboratory services: (1) implementing of the published European standards for TB laboratory services with respect to infrastructure, national reference functions, biosafety, human resources, quality assurance, operational research (including evaluation of new medical diagnostics), accuracy and speed, appropriately trained staff; (2) ensuring that laboratories only perform activities for which they have demonstrated proficiency; (3) implement validated and standardised second-line drug susceptibility testing (DST), including drugs used to define extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB); (4) aiming to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and rifampicin (RIF) resistance in over 90% of cultures and cases from smear-positive sputum directly within one to two working days. To realise some of the above recommendations and to strengthen links of TB surveillance and microbiology activities in the EU, a list of suggested generic areas of activities for an EU network of reference laboratories is presented. Such a network would build on and link to existing networks and initiatives at the European and global level.
PTH-089 Experience of living with fatigue as reported by people diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease – a phenomenological study
Authors: WJ Czuber-Dochan, J Armes, E Ream, C Norton
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Fatigue is one of the main symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), however, little is known about specific areas of life affected by fatigue, its pattern over time or how people with IBD manage it.<sup>1</sup>This study aimed to address this shortfall in evidence. <h3>Method</h3> Descriptive phenomenology with face-to-face in-depth interviews. Twenty participants diagnosed with IBD and reporting fatigue were purposively selected. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using Moustakas’ method,<sup>2</sup>which involves seven steps and analyses data at two levels: i) textural level – which generates a description of the phenomenon, ii) structural level – which describes underpinning factors and their relationships with fatigue. <h3>Results</h3> Participants found fatigue difficult to describe and used different terms, metaphors and similes to describe their experience. The terms fatigue, tiredness and exhaustion were used interchangeably. Fatigue was described as ‘heaviness of the body and fuzziness of the brain’ with a constantly fluctuating pattern and severity. The invisible and fluctuating nature of fatigue makes it difficult for patients to describe to others. Fatigue was perceived to impact on all aspects of daily functioning. Participants spoke of being trapped in an unreliable body, which made them feel angry, frustrated, isolated and depressed, and lead to loss of self-confidence and identity. Physical, psychological, cognitive and situational factors were perceived to contribute to fatigue. Different methods to manage fatigue were attempted by participants (e.g., sleep and rest, pacing, energy preservation, exercise, stress reduction, help seeking), but few were used systematically, possibly resulting in their apparent limited effectiveness. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Fatigue is a complex symptom (both multi-causal and multidimensional) and reduces quality of patients’ lives. Patients need to be informed that fatigue is part of IBD, and they need advice on how to manage it, encouragement to report it and to seek help when needed. An algorithm for assessment and management of fatigue could provide a more structured approach to the care of people reporting this troublesome symptom. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> W. Czuber-Dochan Grant/Research Support from: Big Lottery Fund in collaboration with Crohn’s and Colitis UK, Speaker Bureau of: Dr Falk Pharma UK, Ferring, J. Armes: None Declared, E. Ream: None Declared, C. Norton Grant/Research Support from: Big Lottery Fund in collaboration with Crohn’s and Colitis UK, Speaker Bureau of: Ferring, Shire. <h3>References</h3> Czuber-Dochan W, Ream E, Norton C. Review article: description and management of fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;37(5):505–516 Moustakas C. <i>Phenomenological research methods</i>. London: Sage, 1994
Splenosis Mimicking Cancer
Authors: Matlawene Mpe, Cameron Schauer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

A 62-year-old woman with shortness of breath and a history of smoking was referred for pulmonary evaluation when chest radiography showed nodularity along the left hemidiaphragm. Her history was notable for a gunshot wound to the thoracoabdominal region 28 years earlier.
Management of perimenopausal symptoms
Authors: S B Freeman
Journal: BMJ (2023)

The perimenopausal period brings about many changes. The significance of many of the signs and symptoms associated with menses also may change. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and uterine bleeding need close follow-up during the perimenopausal period. Urinary incontinence appears to worsen because of hormonal changes occurring during the climacteric. All three of these conditions present a special challenge to the health care practitioner.
ECDC publishes its first data on antimicrobial consumption in Europe
Authors: K Weist, None on behalf of the ESAC-Net participa
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

Preview this article: ECDC publishes its first data on antimicrobial consumption in Europe, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/18/10/art20419-en-1.gif
Abstract B70: Targeted activation of macrophages to limit ovarian cancer progression.
Authors: Whitney Barham, Andrew Wilson, Ryan Ortega, Jeanette Saskowski, Oleg Tikhomirov, Todd Giorgio, Dineo Khabele, Fiona E. Yull
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Macrophages are a major population in the ovarian tumor microenvironment and are capable of exhibiting either pro- or anti-tumor effects. The overall outcome of macrophage interactions with tumor cells is a balance between anti-tumor immune responses and the pro-tumor effects of re-educated tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). Our goal is to develop a treatment that will shift the balance of responses from pro- to anti-tumor resulting in significant clinical benefit. Using macrophage-specific doxycycline-inducible transgenics, IkappaBalpha -/- and wild type bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) we have generated convincing evidence both in vitro and in vivo that activating nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling specifically in macrophages induces anti-tumor effects by direct and indirect mechanisms. We are testing two strategies to translate this important finding into clinical usage. The first is delivery of MTP-PE via liposomes that are taken up by macrophages resulting in increased NF-κB activity. This strategy has the advantage that a similar approach is in current clinical usage for osteosarcoma therapy. However, it may prove to have some limitations based on the relatively non-specific activation of macrophages that would be induced. Therefore, our second strategy, designed to increase the specificity of response, is the development of mannosylated nanoparticles that mediate delivery of siRNA specifically to a subset of macrophages, namely the mannose receptor expressing TAMs. We have investigated multiple siRNAs capable of modulating the NF-κB signaling pathways and have evidence that delivery of IκBα siRNA results in beneficial changes in the expression of target genes in macrophages to generate antitumor outcomes. We have promising data using a model of ovarian cancer progression in which ID8 tumor cells are introduced into the peritoneal cavity that supports our therapeutic concept. While further optimization will be necessary, we believe that these treatments have the potential to be used alone or, due to the induction of both direct tumor cytotoxic and immune stimulatory effects, could be used in combination with standard chemotherapy to improve responses of treatment resistant tumors or with T cell mediated therapy to improve outcomes via increased recruitment of T cells. Citation Format: Whitney Barham, Andrew Wilson, Ryan Ortega, Jeanette Saskowski, Oleg Tikhomirov, Todd Giorgio, Dineo Khabele, Fiona E. Yull. Targeted activation of macrophages to limit ovarian cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B70.
Distribution of Tumor-Damaging Lignans among Conifers
Authors: D. B. Fitzgerald, J. L. Hartwell, J. Leither
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1957)

Distribution of Tumor-Damaging Lignans among Conifers Get access D. B. Fitzgerald, D. B. Fitzgerald Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. L. Hartwell, J. L. Hartwell Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Leither J. Leither Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 18, Issue 1, January 1957, Pages 83–99, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/18.1.83 Published: 01 January 1957 Article history Received: 17 August 1956 Published: 01 January 1957