tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multistate Outbreak of Listeriosis Associated with Cantaloupe
Authors: Jeffrey T. McCollum, Alicia B. Cronquist, Benjamin J. Silk, Kelly A. Jackson, Katherine A. O'Connor, Shaun Cosgrove, Joe P. Gossack, Susan S. Parachini, Neena S. Jain, Paul Ettestad, Mam Ibraheem, Venessa Cantu, Manjiri Joshi, Tracy DuVernoy, Norman W. Fogg, James R. Gorny, Kathryn M. Mogen, Charlotte Spires, Paul Teitell, Lavin A. Joseph, Cheryl L. Tarr, Maho Imanishi, Karen P. Neil, Robert V. Tauxe, Barbara E. Mahon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Although new pathogen-vehicle combinations are increasingly being identified in produce-related disease outbreaks, fresh produce is a rarely recognized vehicle for listeriosis. We investigated a nationwide listeriosis outbreak that occurred in the United States during 2011.We defined an outbreak-related case as a laboratory-confirmed infection with any of five outbreak-related subtypes of Listeria monocytogenes isolated during the period from August 1 through October 31, 2011. Multistate epidemiologic, trace-back, and environmental investigations were conducted, and outbreak-related cases were compared with sporadic cases reported previously to the Listeria Initiative, an enhanced surveillance system that routinely collects detailed information about U.S. cases of listeriosis.We identified 147 outbreak-related cases in 28 states. The majority of patients (127 of 147, 86%) were 60 years of age or older. Seven infections among pregnant women and newborns and one related miscarriage were reported. Of 145 patients for whom information about hospitalization was available, 143 (99%) were hospitalized. Thirty-three of the 147 patients (22%) died. Patients with outbreak-related illness were significantly more likely to have eaten cantaloupe than were patients 60 years of age or older with sporadic illness (odds ratio, 8.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to ∞). Cantaloupe and environmental samples collected during the investigation yielded isolates matching all five outbreak-related subtypes, confirming that whole cantaloupe produced by a single Colorado farm was the outbreak source. Unsanitary conditions identified in the processing facility operated by the farm probably resulted in contamination of cantaloupes with L. monocytogenes.Raw produce, including cantaloupe, can serve as a vehicle for listeriosis. This outbreak highlights the importance of preventing produce contamination within farm and processing environments.
P111 Procedural Experience, Training Opportunities And Attitudes Towards Intercostal Chest Drain Insertion: Variations Between Consultants, Trainees And Medical Sub-specialties
Authors: J. Corcoran, R. Hallifax, A. Talwar, I. Psallidas, A. Sykes, N. Rahman
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background and method</h3> Intercostal chest drain (ICD) insertion has long been considered a core skill for the general physician to master. The NPSA alert in 2008 highlighted potential hazards associated with this procedure, whilst recent guidelines<sup>1</sup> advocate the use of thoracic ultrasound to reduce complications. These developments have occurred at a time when trainees report a growing lack of confidence in their clinical experience and procedural capabilities, alongside a decline in training opportunities<sup>2</sup> that might address the latter concern. Nonetheless, competence in ICD insertion remains a compulsory or highly desirable procedural skill to acquire on a number of UK specialty training curricula including that for general (internal) medicine. We carried out a survey of consultants and trainees who contribute to general medical services in hospitals across the Thames Valley region. This survey assessed factors including physicians’ attitudes towards ICD insertion; prior and recent procedural experience; training opportunities; and clinical knowledge. <h3>Results</h3> 90 clinicians (26 consultants; 41 registrars (ST3+); 23 core medical trainees (CT1/2)) responded to the survey. Most clinicians (94% of responses) felt that placing &gt;5 ICDs was necessary to attain initial competence at the procedure; before continuing to place &gt;5 ICDs on an annual basis in order to maintain that competence (78% of responses). However, only 17% of medical registrars surveyed reached this basic combined standard. Other key findings are summarised in Table 1. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our findings demonstrate a disparity between clinical reality and the expectations junior doctors and consultants have of the physician in training with regards to ICD competence. Most trainees cannot achieve the number of procedures they feel are required to attain independence, nor maintain that independence on an annual basis; whilst access to training in thoracic ultrasound is limited outside certain specialties. This inexperience is manifest in variable clinical understanding and procedural confidence. Consideration needs to be given as to how medical training programmes might address these issues, and whether ICD insertion is even a skill that all general physicians can maintain competence in performing in the modern clinical environment. <h3>References</h3> Thorax 2010;65 Suppl 2:ii61–76 Clin Med 2013;13(5):434–9
Charity Appeals: The Complete Guide to Success
Authors: L Nelson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Marion Allford Dent, £15.99, pp 438 ISBN 0-460-86191-3

Marion Allford “invented the wheel” of the hugely successful appeal with her work on the Hospital for Sick Children's “Wishing Well” campaign. Her guide to success makes me feel rather depressed, perhaps because it is written from a pinnacle of excellence and assured achievement that mere mortals find gloom inducing. All of us at some time or another have tried to shoehorn money out of friends and colleagues for causes that we believe in (which makes it easier) or that we don't believe in (which makes it almost impossible). Passion is a great selling tool, and Marion Allford tells us how to organise ourselves and our …
Characterization of a Suppressor-Cell Leukemia
Authors: Samuel Broder, David Poplack, Jacqueline Whang-Peng, Mary Durm, Carolyn Goldman, Linda Muul, Thomas A. Waldmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

To characterize the suppressor activity of neoplastic T cells from a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and hypogammaglobulinemia, we applied an in vitro assay that determines the capacity of pokeweed-mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes to mature into immunoglobulin-secreting cells. The geometric mean synthesis by peripheral blood lymphocytes from 12 normal persons was 3200 ng for IgM, 2447 ng for IgG and 1825 ng for IgA (2 X 106 cells per 12 days in culture). The patient's leukemic cells produced no detectable immunoglobulin and depressed the immunoglobulin production of normal lymphocytes by 85 to 100 per cent in co-culture experiments. However, suppression was observed only when co-operating normal T cells were present. Prior irradiation of either the leukemic T cells or the co-operating normal T cells nullified the suppressor effect. Therefore, an interaction between at least two different T-cell subsets may be required for the generation of suppressor effector T cells in man. (N Engl J Med 298:66–72, 1978)
SAFETY OF UNINTERRUPTED PERIPROCEDURAL APIXABAN IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ATRIAL FIBRILLATION CATHETER ABLATION: A META-ANALYSIS OF 1,057 PATIENTS
Authors: Jalaj Garg, Rahul Chaudhary, Parasuram Krishnamoorthy, Neeraj Shah, Babak Bozorgnia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Abstract P2-19-01: Modulating Response to Phosphoinositol-3-Kinase/mTOR Inhibition in ER Positive Breast Cancer Cell Lines after Acquired Resistance to Estrogen Deprivation
Authors: CG Sanchez, RJ Crowder, C Phommaly, MJ. Ellis
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: We have recently shown that acquired resistance to aromatase inhibitors (AI) can, in some instances, be reversed low-dose estradiol treatment until progression followed by repeat treatment with an aromatase inhibitor (Ellis, M. JAMA 302:774, 2009). We have also demonstrated that simultaneous inhibition of phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and ER (though estrogen deprivation) activates cell death through apoptosis, which is reversed by estradiol, revealing a link between ER activation and the efficacy of PI3 kinase inhibition (Crowder, R. Cancer Res 69:3955, 2009). Consistent with this concept we have also shown that long term estrogen deprived (LTED) cells are co-resistant to both classes of agent (SABCS 2009 Abs#3131). We therefore studied ways to overcome resistance to PI3 kinase inhibitors in LTED cell lines using second line endocrine therapy strategies that could be offered to patients with AI resistant advanced disease. Methods: ER+ MCF7 and T47D (PIK3CA mutant) cells were cultured in phenol-red free media containing charcoal-stripped serum for 12 months to create long term estrogen deprivation (LTED) variants that mimicked clinical endocrine therapy resistance. A variant of the MCF7 LTED line that regained estrogen-dependent proliferation was created by re-exposure to estradiol for 4 months (MCF7 LTED-R). The effects of the PI3K isoform inhibitor BKM120, the mTOR inhibitor RAD001 and the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BGT226 in MCF7 LTED and T47D LTED were assessed in combination with estrogen deprivation and fulvestrant. MCF7 LTED-R cells were treated with PI3 kinase pathway inhibitors after acute estradiol withdrawal. Apoptosis was measured using TUNEL flow cytometry. Results: MCF7 LTED were resistant to all three PI3 kinase inhibitors, but combination treatment with fulvestrant restored apoptosis to levels seen with parental MCF7 cells after acute estrogen-deprivation. Acute estrogen deprivation in MCF7 LTED-R cells was also effective in restoring an apoptotic response to BGT226. T47D LTED cells, which, unlike MCF7 cells, have markedly down-regulated ER expression, become more sensitive to PI3 kinase monotherapy than the parental T47D cell line, particularly in response to BKM120, and fulvestrant did not increase the apoptotic response. Conclusions: The MCF7 cell results suggest that PI3 kinase inhibitors will be effective in endocrine therapy resistant advanced breast cancer if these agents are administered with appropriate second line endocrine strategies. Potentially efficacious approaches include fulvestrant combinations and second-line aromatase inhibition, but only after restoration of AI sensitivity with estradiol. The T47D experiments suggest that in the setting of ER+ tumors that lose ER upon disease progression PI3 kinase inhibitors may be very effective. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-19-01.
Pure Gonadal Dysgenesis with Progressive Hirsutism
Authors: Howard L. Judd, Robert E. Scully, Leonard Atkins, Robert M Neer, Bernard Kliman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

A 24-year-old woman with pure gonadal dysgenesis was evaluated to determine the cause of progressive hirsutism. Plasma testosterone levels (0.06 to 0.15 μg per 100 ml) ranged from the upper limit of normal (for adult females) to elevated. The plasma androstenedione level (0.18 μg per 100 ml) was normal. Plasma testosterone fell to 0.03 μg per 100 ml in response to gonadotropin suppression with estrogen but did not respond to ACTH suppression or stimulation. A threefold gradient of testosterone concentration between the gonadal and peripheral vein blood confirmed the streaks as the source of excess androgen. Cytogenetic studies of leukocytes and both gonadal streaks showed 46 chromosomes with an XX sex-chromosome constitution. Histologic studies of the streaks revealed the presence of hilus cells and luteinized gonadal stromal cells. Estrogen deficiency apparently caused elevation of endogenous gonadotropin, which in turn stimulated excess androgen production by gonadal-streak tissue.
NI-80 * CASE REPORT: TREATMENT RESPONSE IN LEPTOMENINGEAL CARCINOMATOSIS FROM GLIOMATOSIS CEREBRI TREATED WITH BEVACIZUMAB (AVASTIN)
Authors: F. Wajnsztajn, N. Mirchandani, A. Kowalska
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) is a diffuse glioma, usually astrocytic with remarkable infiltration in at least 3 cerebral lobes considered a Grade III tumor according to WHO classification. Leptomeningeal gliomatosis(LG) occurs in 17% of patients with GC, although reported as microscopic dissemination in up to 70% of post-mortem studies amongst all gliomas. GC is a very rare and aggressive glioma, while, leptomeningeal metastasis is a severe complication of malignancy, both presenting with very poor prognosis. There is limited data on standard of care for these patients. Bevacizumab is an anti-angiogenic drug approved for treatment of malignant gliomas. Studies have shown prolongation of progression-free survival and improvement of quality of life. There are a few reports of Avastin being used for GC or LG. We report a case of a 52 year-old male presenting with 3 weeks of nausea and vomiting, preceded by 12 months of mild cognitive decline. MRI studies revealed extensive areas abnormal Flair signal and diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement seen throughout the brain and spinal cord. Diagnosis of GC with leptomeningeal dissemination was confirmed with brain biopsy. The patient completed radiotherapy and received Temozolomide, in addition to 6 intrathecal cytarabine injections. A repeat MRI showed progression of disease and therapy was switched to Avastin. We monitored his progress with serial MRI's, which revealed marked decrease in size and enhancement of previous lesions, consistent with a response to Avastin. The patient remained clinically stable during this interval. A literature review of patients already on Avastin for systemic malignancies revealed some case reports of patients progressing to LG. A decrease in enhancement of lesions was also observed in these patients. However, there are few reported cases of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis secondary to GC. These MRI changes may be clinically relevant and additional studies are required to further investigate a correlation.
Predictors of Clinical Tolerance After Peanut Oral Immunotherapy
Authors: Yamini Virkud, Stacy Chin, Nik Kamilaris, Michael D. Kulis, Janet S. Kamilaris, Pamela H. Steele, P. Brian Smith, Brian P. Vickery, A. Wesley Burks
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Abstract 5128: Physical EGFR network mapping and dynamic regulation in lung cancer cells
Authors: Jiannong Li, Keiryn Bennett, Lanxi Song, Yun Bai, Takeshi Yoshida, Arthur Edwards, Fumi Kinose, Bin Fang, Guolin Zhang, Ines Kaupe, Florian Greben, Giulio Superti-Furga, Eric Haura
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Aberrant activation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) through somatic mutations plays a critical role in the development and progression in lung cancer. A better understanding of the downstream signaling network driven by EGFR mutations could uncover novel therapeutics targets and/or resistance mechanisms. We characterized a physical EGFR network by integrating (i) protein-protein interaction data derived from tandem affinity purification (TAP) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and (ii) global phospho-tyrosine protein profile identified by immunoaffinity purification of tyrosine phosphorylated peptides coupled to LC-MS/MS. All experiments were performed in lung cancer cell lines harboring activating EGFR mutations and highly sensitive to EGFR inhibitors. We identified 266 proteins in this network including other ERBB family member (ERBB2 and ERBB3), adaptors (GRB2, SHC1, MIG6 and STS1), heat shock proteins and chaperones (HSP90 isoforms, CDC37 and BIP), proteins involved in RTK endocytosis (AP family proteins), and phosphatases (PTPN12 and PTPRA). We found ERBB3 bound EGFR but not ERBB2 while PI3K subunits are exclusively in complex with ERBB3 suggesting ERBB3 is a key linkage between EGFR and downstream PI3K/AKT signaling. CDC37, as a co-chaperone of HSP90, bound multiple kinases suggesting possible functional importance in these cells. ARHGEF5, an activator of RHO pathway signaling, was found to interact with GRB2 and SHC1. MIG6 (also known as ERRFI1 and RALT), a known negative regulator of ERB signaling, interacts with numerous components of this network, including EGFR, GRB2, STS1, SHC1, ERBB2. We found that forced expression of MIG6 in PC9 and HCC827 cells inhibits EGFR-ERK signaling. Interestingly, cells maintain AKT signaling independently of EGFR through unknown mechanism. These cells become resistance to EGFR inhibitors but are sensitized to PI3K/mTOR inhibition. STS1, a tyrosine phosphatase, can also regulate EGFR signal pathway and lead to resistance to EGFR inhibitor. Updated work will be presented. Supported by the SPORE in Lung Cancer (P50-CA119997), National Functional Genomics Center, and Austrian Proteomics Platform GZ 200.145/1-VI/1/2006, part of the GEN-AU initiative of the BM:WF. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5128. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5128
Smoky nightclub discriminated against woman with asthma
Authors: S. Chapman
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The Australian Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission has ruled that a woman with asthma was subjected to unfair discrimination when attending a nightclub that allowed smoking.

A day later the tobacco industry suffered yet another blow when the New South Wales government's Workcover Authority issued Sydney's only legal casino with an order to “eliminate the risk of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke …
Abstract ADV11: Cancer communication to minority populations/MOCHA Prostate Cancer Symposium.
Authors: Sanford E. Jeames
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The development of programs targeted toward underrepresented populations and evaluation of communications strategies to assess the effectiveness of such programs to improve health outcomes is essential to diminish disparities. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of a community symposium and education program to highlight prostate cancer disparities among high risk populations. MOCHA was contacted in March 2012, by Mass Department of Public Health, to present a community program to highlight prostate cancer. The prostate cancer symposium was intended to utilize an innovative community based partnership and research concept to disseminate health information in specific settings for special populations. Over 150 persons attended the MOCHA Prostate Cancer symposium, held at a regional convention and events center in Springfield, Massachusetts. 118 completed distributed surveys to assess opinions about PSA screening and impact of program format. A utilization of community based programs that focus on minority populations can represent an effective strategy and approach to communicate with special populations- particularly men of color. Men of color still support use of PSA blood test as a screening tool for prostate cancer, and minority groups will attend symposiums if encouraged by representatives that resemble their population. Men of color will support programs with research focuses and find information beneficial to their overall health. Citation Format: Sanford E. Jeames. Cancer communication to minority populations/MOCHA Prostate Cancer Symposium. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr ADV11. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-ADV11
Abstract 4323: Antibodies against TfR inhibit growth of tumor cells both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.
Authors: Lilin Zhang, Yoshinori Ukai, Fumiko Nomura, Youichi Aikawa, Yoko Kayukawa, Katsuyuki Mitomo, Katsushi Kouda, Romi Kodaka, Gene Kurosawa, Yoshikazu Kurosawa, Kazuhiro Morishita, Yukio Sudo
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Transferrin receptor (TfR) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein regulating intracellular uptake of iron, and is therefore involved in cell survival and proliferation. TfR has been reported to be more abundantly expressed in dividing cells, e.g. malignant cells, than in quiescent cells, as in most normal cells. Therefore, it is regarded as a potential target for usage in cancer therapy. In the present study, we generated a panel of human anti-TfR antibodies and evaluated its anti-tumor effect both in vitro and in vivo. We found that several antibodies inhibited cell proliferation in various tumor cells, and elicited antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. Among these antibodies, PPMXT001 and PPMXT002 exerted a significant anti-tumor activity in several xenograft models. PPMXT001 completely suppressed tumor growth in a pancreatic cancer model (MIAPaCa2). PPMXT002 also inhibited tumor growth by 60∼80% in several solid cancer xenograft models including bladder cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, and pancreatic cancer. These findings showed that PPMXT001 and PPMXT002 could be potent candidates for developing antibody therapeutics to treat cancer. Citation Format: Lilin Zhang, Yoshinori Ukai, Fumiko Nomura, Youichi Aikawa, Yoko Kayukawa, Katsuyuki Mitomo, Katsushi Kouda, Romi Kodaka, Gene Kurosawa, Yoshikazu Kurosawa, Kazuhiro Morishita, Yukio Sudo. Antibodies against TfR inhibit growth of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4323. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4323
Cultural Differences Shape Cancer Care
Authors: C. Needham
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Cultural Differences Shape Cancer Care Get access Catherine Needham Catherine Needham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 4, 16 February 1994, Pages 261–262, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.4.261 Published: 16 February 1994
1376 GALLSTONE DISEASE IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH LIVER FIBROSIS AND NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS IN NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Y. Yilmaz, T. Ayyildiz, H. Akin, Y. Colak, O. Ozturk, E. Senates, I. Tuncer, E. Dolar
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
HIV testing and counselling in Estonian prisons, 2012 to 2013: aims, processes and impacts
Authors: K Kivimets, A Uusküla
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

We present data from an observational cohort study on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and control measures in prisons in Estonia to assess the potential for HIV transmission in this setting. HIV testing and retesting data from the Estonian prison health department were used to estimate HIV prevalence and incidence in prison. Since 2002, voluntary HIV counselling and testing has routinely been offered to all prisoners and has been part of the new prisoners health check. At the end of 2012, there were 3,289 prisoners in Estonia, including 170 women: 28.5% were drug users and 15.6% were infected with HIV. Of the HIV-positive inmates, 8.3% were newly diagnosed on prison entry. In 2012, 4,387 HIV tests (including retests) were performed in Estonian prisons. Among 1,756 initially HIV-negative prisoners who were in prison for more than one year and therefore tested for HIV twice within 12 months (at entry and annual testing), one new HIV infection was detected, an incidence of 0.067 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.025–5.572). This analysis indicates low risk of HIV transmission in Estonian prisons. Implementation of HIV management interventions could impact positively on the health of prisoners and the communities to which they return.
Transduction of acute myeloid leukemia cells with third generation self-inactivating lentiviral vectors expressing CD80 and GM-CSF: effects on proliferation, differentiation, and stimulation of allogeneic and autologous anti-leukemia immune responses
Authors: RC Koya, N Kasahara, V Pullarkat, AM Levine, R Stripecke
Journal: Leukemia (2002)