tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PREVENTION OF ISCHEMIC EMBOLISM IN HCM PATIENTS WITHOUT PRE-DOCUMENTED ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Yuko Wada, Takeshi Aiba, Taka-aki Matsuyama, Koji Miyamoto, Takashi Noda, Yasuo Sugano, Hideaki Kanzaki, Yoshiaki Morita, Hatsue Ishibashi-Ueda, Kengo Kusano, Toshihisa Anzai, Kazunori Toyoda, Satoshi Yasuda, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Treatment of Allergic Asthma with Monoclonal Anti-IgE Antibody
Authors: Henry Milgrom, Robert B. Fick, John Q. Su, James D. Reimann, Robert K. Bush, Marc L. Watrous, W. James Metzger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Immune responses mediated by IgE are important in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. A recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody (rhuMAb-E25) forms complexes with free IgE and blocks its interaction with mast cells and basophils. We studied the efficacy of rhuMAb-E25 as a treatment for moderate-to-severe allergic asthma.
Abstract 4370: Protein kinase inhibitor screening uncovers differential kinase dependencies in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).
Authors: Lauren S. Fink, Alexander Beatty, Karthik Devarajan, Suraj Peri, Jeffrey R. Peterson
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) constitutes approximately 20% of all breast cancer and disproportionately affects younger women and African-American women. These tumors, negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Her2 amplification, are resistant to standard targeted treatments, and the need for new therapeutic targets for this tumor type is urgent. Within the TNBC patient population, there is variability in response to treatment, and it is unclear what molecular features of the disease lead to this heterogeneity. Protein kinases are often amplified and/or mutated in human cancers, and they are attractive therapeutic targets due to their enzymatic activity and widespread expression. We have screened a library of small-molecule kinase inhibitors against a panel of 12 TNBC cell lines and 3 control cell lines in duplicate in cell viability assays. We generated dose-response curves and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for each compound-cell line pair. The results support a heterogeneous dependence of different TNBC cell lines on specific kinases. Statistical analysis identifies significantly over-represented kinase targets and pathways in subsets of TNBC cell lines following inhibitor treatment. A number of compounds show selective toxicity for TNBC cell lines and suggest targetable kinase dependencies. Kinase inhibitor sensitivity in TNBC does not appear to correlate with gene expression patterns, suggesting alternative mechanisms for TNBC heterogeneity. Sequencing data and other biomarkers databases will be mined for correlations with sensitivity to kinase inhibition in TNBC. Thus this study will identify new potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for TNBC. Citation Format: Lauren S. Fink, Alexander Beatty, Karthik Devarajan, Suraj Peri, Jeffrey R. Peterson. Protein kinase inhibitor screening uncovers differential kinase dependencies in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4370. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4370
Novel stent to treat fistula and leak after gastric sleeve surgery
Authors: Marco D’Assuncao, Rafael Machado, Saverio Armellini, Raul Cutait, Amanda Ziegler, Danilo Daud, Daniel Moribe
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy can result in complications, which include gastric fistula (5 %), and intra-abdominal locoregional collections (1 %) [1]. This report describes a novel method and stent for the treatment of a leaking gastroperitoneal fistula in a patient with a gastric sleeve.
Endoscopic Band Ligation of Active Cardiac Variceal Bleeding
Authors: M. Jang, J. Lee, J. Lee, K. Kim, J. Park, J. Lee, H. Kim, J. Yoo
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Figure 1 A 60-year-old man presented at the emergency department due to massive hematemesis. He had been diagnosed with alcoholic liver cirrhosis 5 years previously, but had since been lost to follow-up. Emergency endoscopy revealed active bleeding from a cardiac varix.
Suppression of Thyrotropin in the Low-Thyroxine State of Severe Nonthyroidal Illness
Authors: Robert E. Wehmann, Robert I. Gregerman, William H. Burns, Rein Saral, George W. Santos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

In a prospective study, we assessed the role of thyrotropin in the development of the low-thyroxine state that is associated with severe illness. We measured the serum thyrotropin and thyroid hormone concentrations longitudinally in 35 patients with hematopoietic cancer or aplastic anemia who were treated by bone-marrow transplantation. In 19 patients thyroxine declined sharply after bone-marrow transplantation and was associated with a reduction of the serum thyrotropin in the 17 patients tested, often to levels below the normal range. The serum triiodothyronine level, free thyroxine index, and free thyroxine level also declined in these patients. In the patients who recovered, clinical improvement was accompanied by the return of thyrotropin and thyroid hormone concentrations to their pretreatment ranges. These and related findings suggest that the low-thyroxine state of severe illness is the result of several events, one of which is failure of the normal negative-feedback control of the pituitary-thyroid axis due to illness-associated, decreased secretion of thyrotropin. The notion that such patients are "euthyroid" must be questioned, but the possible value of thyroid hormone-replacement therapy in these circumstances remains to be determined.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistula to the Maxillary Bone Demonstrated by In-111 DTPA Cisternography
Authors: JOSÉ L. LAMPREAVE, PEDRO DOMINGUEZ, M. PAZ MADARIAGA, ISABEL ALMOGUERA, ANGEL L. BITTINI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

CT scanning has proven to be effective in showing the presence and localization of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula and has gradually replaced radionuclide cisternography in many institutions. However, in presence of intermittent CSF leak, the isotopic method has greater advantages when performed over a long period of time. The authors report a patient with recurrent meningococal meningitis of unknown origin, which finally was shown to be due to CSF leakage to the left maxillary bone.
Opioid Abuse in Chronic Pain — Misconceptions and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Nora D. Volkow, A. Thomas McLellan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

Chronic pain not caused by cancer is among the most prevalent and debilitating medical conditions but also among the most controversial and complex to manage. The urgency of patients’ needs, the demonstrated effectiveness of opioid analgesics for the management of acute pain, and the limited therapeutic alternatives for chronic pain have combined to produce an overreliance on opioid medications in the United States, with associated alarming increases in diversion, overdose, and addiction. Given the lack of clinical consensus and research-supported guidance, physicians understandably have questions about whether, when, and how to prescribe opioid analgesics for chronic pain without increasing public health risks. Here, we draw on recent research to address common misconceptions regarding the abuse-related risks of opioid analgesics and highlight strategies to minimize those risks.
P2-17-03: Incomplete Uptake and Diminished Adherence to Endocrine Therapy in Women with Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer 4 Years from Diagnosis: An Australian Cohort Study.
Authors: RJ Bell, P Fradkin, M Schwarz, SR Davis
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Tamoxifen(T) and the aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are associated with side effects which impair adherence to therapy. Our aim was to investigate the uptake of, and adherence to, endocrine therapy (ET) in a cohort of women with invasive breast cancer (BC) nearly 4 years post-diagnosis. Materials and Methods: The BUPA Health Foundation Health and Well being After Breast Cancer study is a prospective questionnaire-based cohort study of 1684 women with their first episode of invasive BC recruited between 2004 and 2006 through the Victorian Cancer Registry (VCR), Australia. An enrolment questionnaire (EQ) was completed within 12 months of diagnosis, with questionnaires every 12 months thereafter (FQ1-FQ3). Tumor pathology was provided by the VCR. FQ3 was completed on average 3.8 years from diagnosis. Active disease included a new primary BC, local recurrence or metastatic disease. Results: Of 1684 recruits, 1370 were HR+. At diagnosis, average age was 58 years and 50% were stage 1. The table shows the number of HR+ women retained in the analysis at each questionnaire, the average time of each questionnaire from diagnosis and the proportions of women at each questionnaire on any ET on T, an AI or on no ET. Switching of ET from T to an AI was predominantly a clinician decision. Cessation of T was patient initiated, mainly for vasomotor symptoms and vaginal bleeding. For the change from an AI to T, or cessation of an AI, the main reason was joint pain. At FQ3, nearly 4 years from diagnosis, 215 (18%) women were not on any ET. Compared with women on ET at this time, these 215 women were more likely to have been stage 1 (rather than &amp;gt; stage 1) at diagnosis, have active disease by FQ3, be seeing an alternative therapist (all p&amp;lt;0.01) and were less likely to be seeing an oncologist (p&amp;lt;0.001). The 215 women not on ET nearly 4 years from diagnosis consisted of 117 previous users and 98 never-users. Compared with the 117 previous users, the 98 never-users were more likely to be stage 1 at diagnosis (p&amp;lt;0.01) and be less likely to see an oncologist (p&amp;lt;0.001). Compared with women on ET at FQ3, both previous- and never users were more likely to have active disease and see an alternative therapist (all p&amp;lt;0.01). Discussion: By nearly 4 years from diagnosis, an increasing proportion of women with HR+ BC are not on ET, despite the evidence for the benefit of therapy for at least 5 years. Differences between ET users and nonusers at this stage are not simply explained by previous users not continuing ET, with or without active disease. There is a small (8.2%) but important subgroup who appear to have never been on ET, which raises serious concerns. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-17-03.
AB0696 Phenotype Difference in Familial Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) Compared to Sporadic as in Korea
Authors: H.W. Kim, H.R. Choe, S.B. Lee, W.I. Chang, H.J. Chae, J.Y. Moon, J. Kang, S. Lee, Y.W. Song, E.Y. Lee
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Clustered occurrences of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in the family have been noticed. Few phenotype studies on familial AS suggest the distinct features of the disease compared to sporadic disease. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study is to investigate clinical characteristics and incidence of familial form of AS compared to sporadic AS. <h3>Methods</h3> We evaluated patients with AS confirmed by the modified New York criteria for familial history of AS (one or more first to third degrees relatives). The clinical characteristics and the recurrence risks (number of AS patients/number of familial members) of the familial AS compared to sporadic AS were investigated. <h3>Results</h3> Out of a total of 204 AS patients (165 males, 39 females, mean age 37.0±13.1 years), 38 patients (18.6%) reported that they had a familial history of AS. The recurrence risks in the familial AS patients for first, second and third degree family members were 14.5%, 5.2%, and 4.4% respectively. ESR (22.6±22.2 vs. 35.4±34.4, p=0.029) and CRP (1.24±1.7 vs. 2.43±3.3, p=0.003) at diagnosis, body mass index (21.9±2.7 vs. 23.7±3.3, p=0.002) and frequency of oligoarthritis (13.2% vs. 33.7%, p=0.021) were significantly lower in the familial form. The presence of HLA-B27 (97.4% vs. 83.1%, p=0.044) was significantly higher in familial AS. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We report that Korean AS patients with a familial history had a higher presence of HLA-B27 than sporadic AS. The recurrence risk in the familial AS was highest in first degree relatives, indicating higher susceptibility to the disease. Distinct phenotypes of familial AS were lower frequency of oligoarthritis, lower ESR and CRP at diagnosis and lower body mass index. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3469
Platelet Coagulant Activities and Serum Lipids in Transient Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Peter N. Walsh, Francesco I. Pareti, James J. Corbett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

To determine whether platelets play a part in the pathogenesis of transient cerebrovascular ischemia, we studied 22 patients with transient ischemia, 18 control patients and 38 normal subjects. Platelet aggregation and [14C]-serotonin release by ADP, epinephrine and collagen were normal in all patients, as were plasma coagulation assays, except for shortened partial thromboplastin times in the patients with transient ischemia. Platelet coagulant activities concerned with initiation and early stages of intrinsic coagulation were increased two to three times in 12 patients with transient ischemic attacks with normal serum lipids and normal in the 10 others with Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. These results indicate an association between platelet coagulant hyperactivity and transient ischemic attacks in a group of patients with normal serum lipids.
P5-18-02: A Population Level Assessment of Emergency Room Visits and Hospitalizations for Women Undergoing Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Early Breast Cancer.
Authors: KA Enright, M Trudeau, L Yun, E Grunfeld, M Krzyzanowska
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy is considered the standard of care for women with lymph node positive and high risk lymph node negative breast cancer. While the acute toxicities of chemotherapy are well documented in clinical trials, the frequency of serious treatment related toxicities of adjuvant chemotherapy in the general population is not well described. We undertook a population based assessment of the frequency of serious treatment related toxicity in women undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer (EBC). Methods: All incident EBC patients diagnosed between January 2007 and December 2008 in Ontario, Canada were identified from the Ontario Cancer Registry. Patient records were linked deterministically to multiple provincial administrative health care databases to provide comprehensive medical follow-up. Exclusion criteria were set to exclude patients on chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. Any patient with who received at least 1 cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy was included in the analysis. Serious toxicities resulting in emergency room (ER) visits or hospitalizations occurring between the start date of chemotherapy and 30 days after the last dose of chemotherapy were identified. Logistic regression models were used to identify the impact of chemotherapy regimen, age, comorbidity and duration on therapy on the likelihood of experiencing serious toxicity. Results: Of the 3090 women identified in our cohort, 1440 (46.6%) experienced at least 1 serious toxicity resulting in an ER visit during their adjuvant treatment. Of the ER visits, the majority (1107, 87%) were attributable to treatment related toxicities. Febrile neutropenia (FN) was the most common treatment related toxicity occurring in 27.1% of patients in the cohort. Docetaxel containing regimens were associated with a significantly higher rate of ER visits and FN (54.6%, 34.6%) compared with paclitaxel (38.0%, 17.9%), or anthracycline alone (epirubicin 45.8%, 23.8%; doxorubicin 32.8%, 15.4%). Table 1 displays the impact of clinical and patient factors on multivariable analysis. Conclusion: Serious toxicities are a common in women undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy for EBC and result in significant acute health care utilization. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-18-02.
Chemotherapy of Thyroid Cancer with Adriamycin
Authors: Jeffrey A. Gottlieb, C. Stratton Hill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Thirty patients with advanced refractory metastatic thyroid carcinoma received chemotherapy with adriamycin at a starting dose of 45 to 75 mg per square meter intravenously every three weeks. Eleven patients demonstrated a greater than 50 per cent decrease in the size of their metastases. Subjective improvement, particularly relief of pain from bony metastases, was also observed. Histologic cell types responding included medullary (solid) (three of five), papillary-follicular (three of 10), Hürthle cell (two of five), spindle and giant cell (two of nine) and unclassified thyroid carcinoma (one of one). Although the rate of disease progression in the responding and nonresponding patients was similar before the start of adriamycin, the median survival from this point on was significantly superior (p<0.005) in the responders (median 11 + and range of over five to 40 + months, six of 11 living) to that of the nonresponders (median four and range of 0.1 to 23 + months, five of 19 living). Before the need to limit the total cumulative dose of adriamycin delivered to 550 mg per square meter was recognized, adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy developed in three patients, but this side effect has not been observed since that limitation. Adriamycin appears to be a promising regimen for patients with progressive metastatic thyroid carcinoma. (N Engl J Med 290:193–197, 1974)
Abstract 530: Evaluation of <i>in vitro</i> invasion of primary vs recurrent glioblastoma multiforme cells using organotypic rodent brain slice culture
Authors: Marco Rossi, Antonio Tarantino, Renza Roncarati, Massimiliano Salerno, Cinzia Giordano, Patrizia Tunici, Annette Bakker
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the adult central nervous system. The highly lethal nature of this tumor partly derives from the acquisition of an invasive phenotype, which allows the tumor cells to infiltrate the surrounding brain tissues. In fact the tumor cells, leading to the recurrence of the primary neoplasm highly contribute to the lack of success in eradicating this disease. In order to measure the migrating ability of GBM cells and the potential difference in infiltration capacity of primary versus recurrent GBM cells, we developed and validated an organotypic rodent brain slice assay and visualized the fluorescently labeled cells using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The invasion capacity has been quantified applying an innovative image analysis method using a panel of primary and recurrent glioma cell lines derived from patient biopsies and the commercially available GBM cell lines, DBTRG-05MG (recurrent) and T98G (primary). For validation purposes, cytochalasin D, a potent inhibitor of actin polymerization and hence migration and invasion, was used. The results revealed clear differences between primary and recurrent GBM cells: They differ both in their migrating capacity on the surface of the brain slice as well as by their ability to invade into the brain slice. A small population of recurrent GBM cells seems to acquire high infiltrative capacity allowing the invasion of brain tissue to greater distance than the primary GBM cells. Higher invasiveness may be an important characteristic of recurrent tumours, adding to our understanding of their worse clinical evolution and responsiveness to therapy. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 530.
FRI0388 Patterns of compliance to allopurinol in “real life population” – is everything crystal clear?
Authors: G. Zandman-Goddard, N. Shamrayevsky, G. Chodick, N. Agmon-Levin, V. Shalev, H. Amital
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Gout is a chronic crystal induced arthritis caused by the precipitation of monosodium urate crystals in the joints leading to inflammation and pain. Therapy includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids, allopurinol, and colchicine. Therapy with allopurinol is utilized to prevent further attacks and to maintain a normal uric acid level. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to assess patterns that influence compliance to allopurinol therapy in the Israeli population utilizing the Maccabi Health Services database. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with the diagnosis of gout treated with allopurinol, were identified over a 7 year period (2002-2008) via the Maccabi Health Services database. They were assessed for the degree of compliance (compliance, adherence, and persistence) by the proportion of days covered (PDC) by allopurinol prescriptions provided by the family physician. Demographics including age, sex, marital and socioeconomic status, smoking history, and concomitant chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease) were assessed. Statistical methods were multi and univariate analysis and logistic regression. <h3>Results</h3> 7644 patients were identified, predominantly men (72%). During 2008, 2.6 new cases per 1000 patient years were found. <i>Only 1331 (17%) of patients were compliant to allopurinol therapy, 36% complied partially, and 47% complied poorly.</i> The average time to discontinuation of therapy in men compared to women was 358 day and 379 days respectively. Compliance was associated with the number of doctor visits. There was a 4% statistically significant risk of non-compliance for every 1 mg/dl increase of uric acid levels. By univariate and multivariate analysis, women (45-65 years old) when compared to the older age group and to men were significantly more prone to be non-compliant. Non-married individuals and those of a low socioeconomic status were also more often non-compliant. Patients with increased body weight and concomitant illnesses were more compliant. Logistic regression (n-2471, 32% of the study sample) evaluated by doctor visits confirmed a 4.5 risk of non-compliance among 45-65 year old women. Compliance was achieved among those with chronic illnesses particularly cardiovascular disease. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Women aged 45-65 years old are a particular increased risk for non-compliance with allopurinol therapy for chronic gout. Evaluation of compliance trends in this population can be beneficial to insure proper treatment outcomes. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared