tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arsenic Exposure in Infancy: Estimating the Contributions of Well Water and Human Milk
Authors: Charles W. Schmidt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Studies of mothers with high levels of arsenic exposure indicate the toxic element does not pass easily into human milk. 1,2,3In this issue of EHP, researchers test the hypothesis that breastfed infants have lower exposures than infants fed powdered formula mixed with private well water. 4arly life is a time of heightened vulnerability to arsenic, a naturally occurring element in bedrock and a widespread contaminant of groundwater linked to cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other adverse health effects. 5,6Municipal water in the United States is subject to a federal standard of 10 ppb for arsenic.But arsenic in private wells is unregulated, and homeowners are not required to test for it."The take-home message is that if you're feeding your baby powdered formula and making the formula with well water, then you should test your water for arsenic," says Kathryn Cottingham, a professor at Dartmouth College and the study's lead investigator.These new findings add to mounting evidence that inorganic arsenic does not pass easily into breast milk.In a 2008 study conducted in Bangladesh, for instance, even women exposed to high levels of arsenic in groundwater had relatively little inorganic arsenic in their milk. 1 That study also found that infants of women who reported exclusive breastfeeding had much lower arsenic levels in their urine at 3 months of age compared with 3-month-old infants who were not exclusively breastfed.According to Cottingham, the current study set out to confirm these and similar findings in a cohort from the United States.The scientists worked with subjects enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS), which is investigating both maternal and child health effects of arsenic exposure during pregnancy.Launched in 2009, the NHBCS is directed by senior study author Margaret Karagas, principal investigator of the Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth.Upon enrollment in the NHBCS, pregnant women had provided a sample of their home tap water for analysis.When their babies were approximately 6 weeks old, a subset of mothers filled out a 3-day food diary recording the type and amount of food consumed by the infant (infant formula and/or breast milk) along with the source and amount of water mixed with any powdered formula the baby received.The mothers also collected a sample of their babies' urine on the third day.In addition, nine women provided a sample of their milk when their babies were 2-7 weeks old.Cottingham emphasizes that the women had low levels of arsenic in their tap water, with just 1% exceeding 10 ppb.Still, urinary arsenic was detected in 97% of the infant urine samples.With a median of 0.17 µg/L, the median arsenic level in the urine of formula-fed infants was 7.5 times higher than the corresponding median detected in the urine of breastfed infants.Moreover, modeling results estimated that formula-fed infants had a daily arsenic intake that was 5.5 times that of breastfed infants. 4
Long-Term Treatment with a Platelet Glycoprotein-Receptor Antagonist after Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization
Authors: William W. O'Neill, Patrick Serruys, Merrill Knudtson, Gerrit-Anne van Es, Gerald C. Timmis, Coen van der Zwaan, Jay Kleiman, Jianjian Gong, Ellen B. Roecker, Roger Dreiling, John Alexander, Robert Anders
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

When administered intravenously at the time of percutaneous coronary revascularization, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists decrease the incidence of death and nonfatal myocardial infarction and the need for urgent revascularization. We hypothesized that long-term administration of oral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists, which block the aggregation of platelets, might stabilize intravascular plaque and prevent additional ischemic cardiac events.
SUCCESSFUL INTERVENTIONAL OCCLUSION OF A FISTULA BETWEEN THE INTERNAL THORACIC VEIN AND THE LEFT SUPERIOR PULMONIC VEIN CAUSING CEREBRAL EMBOLISMS
Authors: Max Olav Schrage, Alessia Gatti, Steffen Bohl, Mirko Seidel, Sven Mutze, Leonhard Bruch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
The pattern of illness in pairs of psychotic siblings
Authors: K S Kendler, D Adler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

The authors describe the results of a blind rediagnosis, with DSM-III criteria, of psychotic siblings who were originally diagnosed as schizophrenic when reported by Zehnder in 1940. The distribution in sibling pairs of patients meeting criteria for affective illness and schizophrenia differed significantly from chance expectation, suggesting that, from a familial perspective, the two disorders were not closely related. However, the distribution of patients diagnosed as having schizoaffective disorder resembled that found for schizophrenia and not affective illness. Using several sets of diagnostic criteria, the authors found a moderate degree of familial independence for paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia.
Abstract 84: The L-ferritin receptor, Scara5, is expressed on breast cancer and glioma cells: A potential functional significance for cancer-associated high serum/CSF levels
Authors: Ahmed Alkhateeb, Becky Webb, James Connor
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Elevated levels of circulating ferritin have been associated with several neoplasms, including neuroblastoma, glioblastoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and breast cancer. Despite the prognostic value of serum ferritin levels, its role in cancer biology is not understood. Ferritin has long been considered exclusively as an intracellular iron storage protein. However, several lines of evidence have suggested a role for ferritin beyond iron storage, such as angiogenesis, iron delivery, and modulation of the immune response. Recently, a receptor for L-ferritin (the predominant ferritin subunit in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid) has been identified as scavenger receptor class A, member 5 (Scara5). Our preliminary data show Scara5 to be expressed in glioma, neuroblastoma, and breast cancer cells. This novel observation led us to hypothesize that Scara5 internalizes L-ferritin, and serves as a non-transferrin iron delivery mechanism in cancer cells. In support of this hypothesis, we report here that both human liver and human heart ferritins increased cellular survival of the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 in serum free conditions. Taken together, these observations suggest an active functional role for circulating ferritin in tumor biology. The elevated levels of circulating ferritin observed in some cancers may enhance tumor metabolism and growth. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 84.
Abstract 1576: Prostaglandin I2 signaling regulates micro-metastasis in lung cancer
Authors: Yoshinori Minami, Shunsuke Okumura, Takaaki Sasaki, Junichi Kawabe, Satoshi Endo, Kazuhiro Satoh, Masahiro Kitada, Yuka Fujita, Naoyuki Hasebe, Yoshinobu Ohsaki
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) play an important role in the initiation of neo-angiogenesis, and contribute to the diseases including ischemic diseases, retinopathy, and cancer. We have reported that BMDCs express prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) specific receptor, IP and the PGI2-IP signaling system maintains the function of BMDCs. Additionally, we have reported that the PGI2-IP signaling in BMDCs play an important role for tumor growth, by using mouse bone marrow transplanted models and tumor xenograft mouse models. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that PGI2-IP signaling system regulates micro-metastasis in lung cancer. Methods: In vitro study, 5-bromo-2’-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) cell proliferation assay and clonogenic cell assay were used to clarify the effect on lung cancer cell (A549, PC9) proliferation and cellular form in the existence of IP receptor agonist or antagonist. Human cytokine antibody array was performed to detect the expression of angiogenic cytokines and growth factors secreted by the treated cells. In vivo study, we employed both a mouse lung metastasis model and a mouse bone marrow transplantation model. We used GFP-labeled or DsRed-labeled lung cancer cells to distinguish cancer cells from BMDCs. Lung cancer cells were injected into the tail vein of mice (ICR nu/nu), which were transplanted with bone marrow cells from GFP-labeled wild-type or IP knockout mice. Real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify lung metastasis of human cancer cells in nude mice, and the expression levels of housekeeping genes (human and mouse GAPDH) in the lungs were measured. Immunofluorescence assay was performed to evaluate angiogenesis in pulmonary metastatic tumors. Results: In vitro study, PGI2-IP signaling didn't impair proliferation of lung cancer cells and production of angiogenic cytokines secreted by tumors. In the mice lung metastasis model, micro-metastasis in lung cancer was regulated by PGI2-IP signaling system. RT-PCR assay showed that PGI2-IP signaling changed the expression levels of human lung cancer cells in mice lungs. In the immunofluorescence assay, PGI2-IP signaling influenced the expression of pericyte markers around the tumors. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that PGI2-IP signaling system regulates micro-metastasis in lung cancer. These results suggest that PGI2-IP system may become a novel therapeutic target in lung metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1576. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1576
Pheochromocytoma in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A
Authors: Shirou Ishii, Fumio Shishido, Masayuki Miyajima, Kotaro Sakuma, Ken Kikuchi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

An 123I metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) planar image showed abnormal uptake in the left adrenal gland and thyroid in a 24-year-old woman with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A. 131I MIBG showed abnormal uptake in the thyroid but not in the adrenal gland. Abdominal CT with 2-mm thin slices demonstrated a normal adrenal gland. Postoperative pathologic findings were consistent with medullary carcinoma in both thyroid lobes and a small 1-mm pheochromocytoma in the left adrenal gland. 123I MIBG could clearly show the small pheochromocytoma, which was negative in thin-slice CT and equivocal in 131I MIBG.
<i>Torulopsis glabrata</i>— An Opportunistic Pathogen in Man
Authors: Melvin I. Marks, Claire Langston, Theodore C. Eickhoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

A prospective study of the pathogenicity of Torulopsis glabrata was prompted by an increasing recognition of the organism in clinical specimens. The yeast was isolated 130 times from 37 patients in a general hospital over a 16-month period. T. glabrata was assigned a pathogenic role in 11 patients. Ten of the 11 patients had major underlying illnesses, and had been treated with antibiotics, steroids and other immunosuppressive drugs. Four patients had T. glabrata fungemia, all of whom died after febrile illnesses accompanied by hypotension. Histologic evidence of tissue invasion by T. glabrata was demonstrated at autopsy in six patients from whom the organism had been isolated ante mortem. A review of 15 previously reported cases and the data in this study indicate that T. glabrata is an opportunistic pathogen in the compromised host.
Is the Evidence Implicating Human Papillomavirus Type 16 in Esophageal Cancer Hard to Swallow?
Authors: D. A. Galloway, J. R. Daling
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1996)

A role for human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in the development of anogenital cancers has been firmly established on the basis of a large number of molecular and epidemiologic studies. In a recent survey of approximately 1000 invasive cervical tumor specimens obtained from 22 countries worldwide, 93% had HPV DNA detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 50% of which was HPV type 16 (HPV16) DNA (7). No substantial variation in overall HPV DNA positivity was found among the countries, although the national rates of cervical cancer varied markedly. Almost all studies using PCR are in agreement, finding more than 75% of cervical cancers to contain HPV DNA [reviewed in (2)]. HPV infection of the genital tract is sexually transmitted, frequently resulting in squamous intraepithelial lesions that are often self-limiting. Smoking, infection with agents causing other sexually transmitted diseases, immunosuppression, and other unidentified cofactors likely influence the transition from premalignant to invasive disease. Expression of the HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 is maintained in the tumor cells in order to inactivate cell cycle controls that would normally limit proliferation (J). The association of HPV with other genital tract tumors has been less well studied, and while the prevalence of HPV in these tumors appears to be lower than that in cervical tumors, consistent associations have
P5-17-04: Association between Breast Cancer and Osteoporosis among Women 85 Years or Older.
Authors: Y Okanami, N Honma, T Arai, M Sawabe, I Maeda, M Takagi, M Younes, K Takubo
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: The pathogenesis of breast cancer in very elderly women is of interest, because estrogen levels are likely to be extremely low during the development of the disease. Estrogens have opposing effects on the pathogenesis of breast cancer and osteoporosis. In an effort to understand the significance of estrogens in the pathogenesis of breast cancer in this group, we examined the association between breast cancer and osteoporosis in women at least 85 years old, taking body mass index (BMI) and hormone receptors status into consideration. Methods:Clinical records of consecutive elderly women (≥ 85 y/o) who underwent breast cancer surgery at Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital (BC) and control women of the same age group (Cont) were reviewed; osteoporosis and BMI status in both groups were recorded and compared. The status of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) of breast cancers was examined immunohistochemically and compared between BC with and without osteoporosis (BC-OP and BC-nonOP, respectively). Results:Frequency of osteoporosis was significantly lower among BC than Cont. There was no difference in BMI measured after 85 y/o between BC and Cont; however, percentage of women, whose BMI measured when they were in their sixties or seventies was ≥ 20% higher than BMI measured when they were 85 y/o or older, was significantly higher among BC than Cont (31% and 2%, respectively. P = 0.0001). ER positivity of breast cancer did not differ between BC-OP and BC-nonOP, whereas PR positivity was significantly higher among BC-nonOP than BC-OP (P = 0.0359). Discussion: The inverse relationship between the incidence of breast cancer and osteoporosis suggests an important role for estrogens in the pathogenesis of breast cancer in the very elderly women. Our finding that one third of BC had ≥ 20% higher BMI when they were in their sixties or seventies suggests they may also had elevated serum estrogens during these earlier years, because increased BMI has been reported to be associated with increased serum estrogens in postmenopausal women. Expression of PR is regulated by estrogen-ER signaling, and PR positivity is considered to reflect the effectiveness of estrogen-ER pathway. Significant difference of PR positivity between BC-nonOP and BC-OP suggests the more importance of estrogens in BC-nonOP than BC-OP. Conclusion:Estrogens seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of breast cancers in very elderly women, especially without osteoporosis. With increasing aging population in developed countries, those findings may have implications for breast cancer prevention in this age group. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-17-04.
Autoimmune hepatitis diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy using a new 19-gauge histology needle
Authors: Y. Nakai, J. Samarasena, T. Iwashita, D. Park, J. Lee, K. Hu, K. Chang
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

An 85-year-old woman presented with elevated liver function tests. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed normal liver morphology and a cyst in the pancreas. Viral hepatitis serology was negative but tests for autoimmune disease were positive: antinuclear antibody 1 : 320, anti-smooth muscle antibody 1 : 40, immunoglobulin G level 2600 mg/dL. The patient underwent endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration of the pancreatic cyst, which showed mucinous fluid with CEA 3939 ng/mL, consistent with a mucinous cyst. She then underwent EUS-guided fine needle biopsy (FNB) of the left lobe of liver using a new 19-gauge histology needle (EchoTip ProCore; Cook Medical Inc., Bloomington, Indiana, USA) via a transgastric approach. A single pass was made with multiple to-and-fro movements and multiple specimens up to 15 mm were obtained ([Fig. 1]). Pathological examination revealed eight portal tracts and moderate portal infiltration and interface hepatitis, and along with serologic testing, confirmed the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis ([Fig. 2]) [1]. There were no procedure-related complications.
P319 HYPOTHERMIA IN ACUTE LIVER FAILURE: A MULTI-CENTRE RETROSPECTIVE COHORT ANALYSIS (IT'S ALRIGHT TO BE COOL)
Authors: C.J. Karvellas, R.T. Stravitz, H. Battenhouse, V. Durkalski, W.M. Lee, M.L. Schilsky
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Abstract LB-328: Granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells that have suppressive function: CD15+/CD16low human granulocytes from advanced cancer patients
Authors: Jahyang Choi, Beomseok Suh, Yong-Oon Ahn, Tae Min Kim, Se-Hoon Lee, Dae Seog Heo
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Objectives: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a subpopulation of myeloid cells with suppressive function, found to be increased in various conditions such as chronic infection, trauma, and cancer. Unlike the murine MDSC defined as CD11b+/Gr-1+, there are no specific markers for human MDSC. We have investigated human granulocytes from advanced cancer patients to delineate a specific MDSC subpopulation with clinical implication. Methods: To find changes of granulocyte markers, we collected whole blood of 53 advanced cancer patients and 20 healthy donors and analyzed them by flow cytometry. To investigate the growth suppressive activity of granulocytes, we purified them and tested growth inhibition activity by 3H thymidine assay. Results: Through a study of 53 advanced cancer patients, we observed heterogeneity of CD15(+)CD16(+) granulocytes: CD15+/CD16lowand CD15+/CD16high. The number of CD15+/CD16low subsets is increased in advanced cancer patients, compared with healthy donors (p = 0.009). p-methoxyamphetamine (PMA) activated granulocytes (CD16low/CD66b++/CD15+) that have similar phenotype of MDSC from cancer patients suppressed both proliferation and cytotoxicity of normal T cells. T cell proliferation is highly suppressed by granulocytes isolated from advanced cancer patients with high proportion of CD15+/CD16low granulocytes among cancer patients. We also found that patients whose peripheral blood samples with lower levels of CD15+/CD16low populations had significantly longer survival times than those with higher levels of CD15+/CD16low populations. Patients with higher levels of CD15+/CD16low are associated with poor performance status (PS, p = 0.022) as well as shorter survival time (p = 0.0036). Because these phenotypic changes of granulocytes are also shown in the case of inflammation, we speculate that some factors in tumor-bearing hosts may activate granulocytes and induce their suppressive activity. Conclusions: These data suggest that CD15+/CD16low granulocytes from cancer patients may have a role in progression of cancer by inhibiting tumor immunity. Monitoring of these cells also can be used as a marker of terminal cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-328.
Abstract 5012: REST is lost in aggressive breast cancer through an aberrant splicing loop
Authors: Matthew P. Wagoner, Kearney TW Gunsalus, Barry Schoenike, Christina Dang, Caroline M. Alexander, Andrea L. Richardson, Andreas Friedl, Avtar Roopra
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Transcriptional profiling of breast tumors has lead to new diagnostic tools allowing better prediction of disease recurrence and response to treatment, but does little to elucidate mechanisms responsible for the differential disease course. Using transcriptional profiling we show for the first time that a subset of breast tumors lack the tumor suppressor RE1 silencing transcription factor (REST), a master repressor of neuronal genes. Loss of REST is sufficient to induce anchorage independent cell growth in human mammary epithelial cells, and we find that these REST-less tumors show a highly aggressive disease course independent of tumors grade, size or subtype. Importantly, these aggressive tumors overexpress the tumor promoter and REST target gene Lin28, which may be responsible for the aggressive phenotype of these tumors (Gunsalus et al. poster, AACR 2010 CB4). We find that loss of REST function occurs in breast cancer via alternative splicing of the tumor suppressor to a truncated form normally observed in the brain following seizures. Here, we show that REST regulates its own aberrant splicing in an intriguing positive-feedback loop that results in a loss of REST function. These results identify a previously unknown subset of aggressive cancers, the transcription factor responsible for unique molecular profile, and the novel positive feedback pathway responsible for the aberrant splicing. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5012.
INFERIOR AND POSTERIOR: UTILIZATION OF 3D PRINT AND COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN TO SPATIALLY MAP OPTIMAL TRANSSEPTAL CROSSING POINT FOR LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE OCCLUSION WITH THE WATCHMAN DEVICE
Authors: Dee Dee Wang, Marvin Eng, Eric Myers, Michael Forbes, Patrick Karabon, Adam Greenbaum, William O’Neill
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Authors' reply to Carradice
Authors: M.-C. Nogaro, D. J. Pournaras, A. Chaudhuri
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Rather than tackling the wider challenge of NHS resources allocation, we focused on practical advice to GPs on managing patients with varicose veins.1 2 Intervention for uncomplicated or asymptomatic varicose veins currently falls into the low priority category that some primary care trusts fund in exceptional circumstances only.

Our paper was intended to provide simple …