tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Home Use of Day-and-Night Hybrid Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery in Suboptimally Controlled Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: A 3-Week, Free-Living, Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Martin Tauschmann, Janet M. Allen, Malgorzata E. Wilinska, Hood Thabit, Carlo L. Acerini, David B. Dunger, Roman Hovorka
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of day-and-night hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery in adolescents with type 1 diabetes under free-living conditions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In an open-label randomized crossover study, 12 suboptimally controlled adolescents on insulin pump therapy (mean ± SD age 14.6 ± 3.1 years; HbA1c 69 ± 8 mmol/mol [8.5 ± 0.7%]; duration of diabetes 7.8 ± 3.5 years) underwent two 21-day periods in which hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery was compared with sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy in random order. During the closed-loop intervention, a model predictive algorithm automatically directed insulin delivery between meals and overnight. Participants used a bolus calculator to administer prandial boluses. RESULTS The proportion of time that sensor glucose was in the target range (3.9–10 mmol/L; primary end point) was increased during the closed-loop intervention compared with sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy by 18.8 ± 9.8 percentage points (mean ± SD; P &amp;lt; 0.001), the mean sensor glucose level was reduced by 1.8 ± 1.3 mmol/L (P = 0.001), and the time spent above target was reduced by 19.3 ± 11.3 percentage points (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The time spent with sensor glucose levels below 3.9 mmol/L was low and comparable between interventions (median difference 0.4 [interquartile range −2.2 to 1.3] percentage points; P = 0.33). Improved glucose control during closed-loop was associated with increased variability of basal insulin delivery (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and an increase in the total daily insulin dose (53.5 [39.5–72.1] vs. 51.5 [37.6–64.3] units/day; P = 0.006). Participants expressed positive attitudes and experience with the closed-loop system. CONCLUSIONS Free-living home use of day-and-night closed-loop in suboptimally controlled adolescents with type 1 diabetes is safe, feasible, and improves glucose control without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia. Larger and longer studies are warranted.
Overtreatment of Low-Risk Patients With Atrial Fibrillation—The Quality Coin Has 2 Sides
Authors: Finlay A. McAlister
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Methods for Implant Acceptance and Wound Healing: Material Selection and Implant Location Modulate Macrophage and Fibroblast Phenotypes
Authors: Anuraag Boddupalli, Lida Zhu, Kaitlin M. Bratlie
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

This review focuses on materials and methods used to induce phenotypic changes in macrophages and fibroblasts. Herein, we give a brief overview on how changes in macrophages and fibroblasts phenotypes are critical biomarkers for identification of implant acceptance, wound healing effectiveness, and are also essential for evaluating the regenerative capabilities of some hybrid strategies that involve the combination of natural and synthetic materials. The different types of cells present during the host response have been extensively studied for evaluating the reaction to different materials and there are varied material approaches towards fabrication of biocompatible substrates. We discuss how natural and synthetic materials have been used to engineer desirable outcomes in lung, heart, liver, skin, and musculoskeletal implants, and how certain properties such as rigidity, surface shape, and porosity play key roles in the progression of the host response. Several fabrication strategies are discussed to control the phenotype of infiltrating macrophages and fibroblasts: decellularization of scaffolds, surface coatings, implant shape, and pore size apart from biochemical signaling pathways that can inhibit or accelerate unfavorable host responses. It is essential to factor all the different design principles and material fabrication criteria for evaluating the choice of implant materials or regenerative therapeutic strategies.
Early results from Children’s Oncology Group (COG) ARST08P1: Pilot studies of cixutumumab or temozolomide with intensive multiagent chemotherapy for patients with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS).
Authors: Suman Malempati, Brenda Weigel, JAMES R Anderson, David Parham, Lisa A. Teot, David A. Rodeberg, Torunn I. Yock, Barry L. Shulkin, Douglas S. Hawkins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

10015 Background: Data from a previous COG study (ARST0431) showed an early FFS improvement but no long-term survival benefit with intensive interval-compressed chemotherapy in metastatic RMS. ARST08P1 aimed to determine the feasibility of adding cixutumumab (insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) monoclonal antibody) or temozolomide to an intensive chemotherapy backbone. Methods: A series of non-randomized single-arm pilot studies were conducted. After determining feasibility, pilots were expanded to assess efficacy. Eligible patients were < 50yrs with metastatic RMS. Backbone therapy consisted of blocks of vincristine/irinotecan (weeks 1-6, 20-25, 47-51), interval-compressed vincristine/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide alternating with ifosfamide/etoposide (weeks 7-9 and 26-34), and vincristine/actinomycin-D/cyclophosphamide (weeks 38-46). In Pilot 1, patients received cixutumumab (3, 6, or 9 mg/kg) IV once weekly throughout therapy. In Pilot 2, patients received oral temozolomide (100mg/m2) daily x 5 days with irinotecan. Patients received radiation therapy (RT) at weeks 20-25. RT was also permitted at weeks 1-6 or 47-51. Results: 168 eligible patients were enrolled (1/2010 - 7/2013). 71 patients received temozolomide and 97 patients received cixutumumab (19 at 3 mg/kg, 18 at 6 mg/kg, and 60 at 9 mg/kg). Most patients were ≥ 10 yrs old (73%) with alveolar histology (70%) and with bone and/or bone marrow metastases (59%). Two cases of Grade 4 and one grade 5 sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS) occurred with cixutumumab at 9 mg/kg in combination with the chemotherapy backbone. Otherwise, toxicities were similar to ARST0431. With a median follow-up of 1.6 yrs, 18-month EFS was 68% with cixutumumab and 39% with temozolomide (log rank p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: Addition of cixutumumab or temozolomide to intensive multi-agent chemotherapy for metastatic RMS was safe and feasible. SOS may be a concern with higher doses of cixutumumab combined with intensive chemotherapy. Early FFS was better with cixutumumab than temozolomide. Overall outcome for metastatic RMS remained poor. Clinical trial information: NCT01055314.
No diurnal variation of classical and candidate biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease in CSF
Authors: Claudia Cicognola, Davide Chiasserini, Paolo Eusebi, Ulf Andreasson, Hugo Vanderstichele, Henrik Zetterberg, Lucilla Parnetti, Kaj Blennow
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2016)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers have gained increasing importance in the diagnostic work-up of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The core CSF biomarkers related to AD pathology (Aβ42, t-tau and p-tau) are currently used in CSF diagnostics, while candidate markers of amyloid metabolism (Aβ38, Aβ40, sAPPα, sAPPβ), synaptic loss (neurogranin), neuroinflammation (YKL-40), neuronal damage (VILIP-1) and genetic risk (apolipoprotein E) are undergoing evaluation. Diurnal fluctuation in the concentration of CSF biomarkers has been reported and may represent a preanalytical confounding factor in the laboratory diagnosis of AD. The aim of the present study was to investigate the diurnal variability of classical and candidate CSF biomarkers in a cohort of neurosurgical patients carrying a CSF drainage. Samples were collected from a cohort of 13 neurosurgical patients from either ventricular (n = 6) or lumbar (n = 7) CSF drainage at six time points during the day, 1–7 days following the neurosurgical intervention. Concentrations of the core biomarkers were determined by immunoassays. Although absolute values largely varied among subjects, none of the biomarkers showed significant diurnal variation. Site of drainage (lumbar vs. ventricular) did not influence this result. The different immunoassays used for tau and Aβ markers provided similar results. Time of day at CSF collection does not ultimately affect the concentration levels of classical and candidate AD biomarkers. Similar trends were found when using different immunoassays, thus corroborating the consistency of the data.
RBM20 Regulates Circular RNA Production From the Titin Gene
Authors: Mohsin A.F. Khan, Yolan J. Reckman, Simona Aufiero, Maarten M.G. van den Hoogenhof, Ingeborg van der Made, Abdelaziz Beqqali, Dave R. Koolbergen, Torsten B. Rasmussen, Jolanda van der Velden, Esther E. Creemers, Yigal M. Pinto
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

RNA-binding motif protein 20 (RBM20) is essential for normal splicing of many cardiac genes, and loss of RBM20 causes dilated cardiomyopathy. Given its role in splicing, we hypothesized an important role for RBM20 in forming circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel class of noncoding RNA molecules.To establish the role of RBM20 in the formation of circRNAs in the heart.Here, we performed circRNA profiling on ribosomal depleted RNA from human hearts and identified the expression of thousands of circRNAs, with some of them regulated in disease. Interestingly, we identified 80 circRNAs to be expressed from the titin gene, a gene that is known to undergo highly complex alternative splicing. We show that some of these circRNAs are dynamically regulated in dilated cardiomyopathy but not in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We generated RBM20-null mice and show that they completely lack these titin circRNAs. In addition, in a cardiac sample from an RBM20 mutation carrier, titin circRNA production was severely altered. Interestingly, the loss of RBM20 caused only a specific subset of titin circRNAs to be lost. These circRNAs originated from the RBM20-regulated I-band region of the titin transcript.We show that RBM20 is crucial for the formation of a subset of circRNAs that originate from the I-band of the titin gene. We propose that RBM20, by excluding specific exons from the pre-mRNA, provides the substrate to form this class of RBM20-dependent circRNAs.
Reverse Mismatch Pattern in Cardiac 18F-FDG Viability PET/CT Is Not Associated With Poor Outcome of Revascularization
Authors: Allan Kjeldsen Hansen, Michael Gejl, Kirsten Bouchelouche, Lars Poulsen Tolbod, Lars Christian Gormsen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

Revascularization strategies in patients with ischemic heart failure (HF) should be based on evidence of reversible perfusion defects and myocardial viability. Myocardial viability assessment is preferably based on dual isotope PET using perfusion and metabolism tracers. However, in a nonnegligible subset of HF patients, reverse mismatch (RM) pattern (reduced glucose uptake relative to perfusion) of unknown origin is observed. We aimed to investigate determinants of RM and the impact of RM on the subsequent improvement in left ventricular function by revascularization.Ninety-one patients (12 women, 25 with diabetes) with HF undergoing Rb perfusion PET and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp F-FDG viability PET were retrospectively reviewed.Follow-up time was 12 to 33 months. In 30 of 91 patients, hypometabolic myocardium exceeded the percentage of hypoperfused myocardium; however, only in 12 of 91 patients was the RM considered significant (percentage RM in the left ventricle, 42.5 ± 12.9 [reverse patients] vs 14.1 ± 8.6 [scar and hibernation patients]; P < 0.001). Diabetes status per se did not predict RM, but a significant inverse correlation between insulin sensitivity and RM was observed. The frequency of hospitalization, cardiac death, and myocardial infarctions were not significantly higher in RM patients. Reverse mismatch patients benefited from revascularization to the same extent as patient with normal metabolic patterns.Reverse mismatch is common among HF patients (~15%) and is inversely correlated to insulin sensitivity. It is not, however, associated with increased cardiac morbidity and mortality and does not predict a worse outcome after revascularization.
Abstract 11981: Comparison of Long-term Effects of Atorvastatin versus Pravastatin on Serum Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/kexin Type 9 Levels in Patients With ST-segment-elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yuichiro Kashima, Hiroshi Imamura, Atsushi Izawa, Uichi Ikeda
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a key regulator of serum low-density lipoprotein levels and statins increase serum PCSK9 levels. Therefore, we investigated PCSK9 levels in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who underwent PCI and were randomly allocated to atorvastatin or pravastatin therapy for 2 years. Hypothesis: Atorvastatin or pravastatin differentially influence long-term PCSK9 levels in STEMI patients. Methods: The present study is a subanalysis of the ALPS-AMI study and patients who were increased 10 to 20 mg of statin dose, and added ezetimibe during the study period were excluded from the ALPS-AMI study. PCSK9 levels were measured at 1 and 24 months in 225 STEMI patients who were randomly allocated to 10 mg/day of atorvastatin (n = 107) or pravastatin (n = 118) statin therapy. Results: No differences in 1-month PCSK9 levels between the atorvastatin and pravastatin groups were noted. However, the 24-month PCSK9 levels were significantly higher in pravastatin group (389.4 [interquartile range: 293.6-485.1] ng/mL than in atorvastatin group (314.5 [interquartile range: 235.4-375.8] ng/mL, P &lt;0.001). Conclusions: This is the first clinical trial to compare the long-term effects of atorvastatin and pravastatin therapy on PCSK9 levels in patients with STEMI, and demonstrates that pravastatin therapy was more increased serum PCSK9 levels than atorvastatin therapy.
Characterization of TCP-1 probes for molecular imaging of colon cancer
Authors: Zhonglin Liu, Brian D. Gray, Christy Barber, Michael Bernas, Minying Cai, Lars R. Furenlid, Andrew Rouse, Charmi Patel, Bhaskar Banerjee, Rongguang Liang, Arthur F. Gmitro, Marlys H. Witte, Koon Y. Pak, James M. Woolfenden
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2016)
Blinking Phase-Change Nanocapsules Enable Background-Free Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Alexander S Hannah, Geoffrey P Luke, Stanislav Y Emelianov
Journal: Theranostics (2016)

Microbubbles are widely used as contrast agents to improve the diagnostic capability of conventional, highly speckled, low-contrast ultrasound imaging. However, while microbubbles can be used for molecular imaging, these agents are limited to the vascular space due to their large size (> 1 μm). Smaller microbubbles are desired but their ultrasound visualization is limited due to lower echogenicity or higher resonant frequencies. Here we present nanometer scale, phase changing, blinking nanocapsules (BLInCs), which can be repeatedly optically triggered to provide transient contrast and enable background-free ultrasound imaging. In response to irradiation by near-infrared laser pulses, the BLInCs undergo cycles of rapid vaporization followed by recondensation into their native liquid state at body temperature. High frame rate ultrasound imaging measures the dynamic echogenicity changes associated with these controllable, periodic phase transitions. Using a newly developed image processing algorithm, the blinking particles are distinguished from tissue, providing a background-free image of the BLInCs while the underlying B-mode ultrasound image is used as an anatomical reference of the tissue. We demonstrate the function of BLInCs and the associated imaging technique in a tissue-mimicking phantom and in vivo for the identification of the sentinel lymph node. Our studies indicate that BLInCs may become a powerful tool to identify biological targets using a conventional ultrasound imaging system.
Review: Aspirin for CVD primary prevention increases gastrointestinal bleeding and hemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Robert H. Fletcher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Source Citation Whitlock EP, Burda BU, Williams SB, Guirguis-Blake JM, Evans CV. Bleeding risks with aspirin use for primary prevention in adults: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2016; 164:236-45. 27064261
Matched and mismatched unrelated donor compared to autologous stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission: a retrospective, propensity score-weighted analysis from the ALWP of the EBMT
Authors: Francesco Saraceni, Myriam Labopin, Norbert-Claude Gorin, Didier Blaise, Reza Tabrizi, Liisa Volin, Jan Cornelissen, Jean-Yves Cahn, Patrice Chevallier, Charles Craddock, Depei Wu, Anne Huynh, William Arcese, Mohamad Mohty, Arnon Nagler
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2016)

Optimal post-remission strategy for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is matter of intense debate. Recent reports have shown stronger anti-leukemic activity but similar survival for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) from matched sibling donor compared to autologous transplantation (auto-HSCT); however, there is scarcity of literature confronting auto-HSCT with allo-HSCT from unrelated donor (UD-HSCT), especially mismatched UD-HSCT. We retrospectively compared outcome of allogeneic transplantation from matched (10/10 UD-HSCT) or mismatched at a single HLA-locus unrelated donor (9/10 UD-HSCT) to autologous transplantation in patients with AML in first complete remission (CR1). A total of 2879 patients were included; 1202 patients received auto-HSCT, 1302 10/10 UD-HSCT, and 375 9/10 UD-HSCT. A propensity score-weighted analysis was conducted to control for disease risk imbalances between the groups. Matched 10/10 UD-HSCT was associated with the best leukemia-free survival (10/10 UD-HSCT vs auto-HSCT: HR 0.7, p = 0.0016). Leukemia-free survival was not statistically different between auto-HSCT and 9/10 UD-HSCT (9/10 UD-HSCT vs auto-HSCT: HR 0.8, p = 0.2). Overall survival was similar across the groups (10/10 UD-HSCT vs auto-HSCT: HR 0.98, p = 0.84; 9/10 UD-HSCT vs auto-HSCT: HR 1.1, p = 0.49). Notably, in intermediate-risk patients, OS was significantly worse for 9/10 UD-HSCT (9/10 UD-HSCT vs auto-HSCT: HR 1.6, p = 0.049), while it did not differ between auto-HSCT and 10/10 UD-HSCT (HR 0.95, p = 0.88). In favorable risk patients, auto-HSCT resulted in 3-year LFS and OS rates of 59 and 78 %, respectively. Our findings suggest that in AML patients in CR1 lacking an HLA-matched sibling donor, 10/10 UD-HSCT significantly improves LFS, but this advantage does not translate in better OS compared to auto-HSCT. In intermediate-risk patients lacking a fully HLA-matched donor, auto-HSCT should be considered as a valid option, as better survival appears to be provided by auto-HSCT compared to mismatched UD-HSCT. Finally, auto-HSCT provided an encouraging outcome in patients with favorable risk AML.
The number of histologically examined axillary lymph nodes can improve the prediction of individual prognosis of primary breast cancer patients
Authors: M. Schaapveld, R. Otter, E. G. E. De Vries, W. T. A. Van der Graaf, J. De Vries, P. H. B. Willemse
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

558 Background: A minimal number of histologically examined nodes has been associated with improved survival in both node-negative and node-positive patients. Following a retrospective audit of quality of axillary staging, the prognostic effect of variation in the number of histologically examined nodes was assessed by the CCCN regional cancer registry. Methods: From January 1994 until January 1999, 5314 consecutive surgically treated breast cancer patients receiving an axillary dissection were included. Patients were followed until January 2003. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, survival distributions were compared by a log rank test. Relative survival was estimated by the Hakulinen-Tenkanen approach. Using Cox Proportional Hazard analysis (CPH) the effects of number of examined nodes and other prognostic variables including age, tumor size, tumor grade, the number of positive nodes and mode of tumor detection were assessed. Results: Of 5314 patients included, 59% was node-negative. A median number of 12 (range 1–43) nodes were examined, this number decreased with age (p<0.001) and increased with tumor size (p< 0.001). Median follow-up was 6 years for patients alive at last contact. A total of 1161 patient (22%) had died. Table 1 shows the results of a univariate survival analysis and stratified for the number of positive nodes Overall p< 0.0009; CS=crude survival; RS=relative survival; CI=confidence interval Conclusion: CPH analysis stratified for nodal status showed, that the number of examined nodes was an independent prognostic factor, in node negative as well as node-positive patients. Every five-node increase was associated with a 10% lower hazard of dying. Systemic adjuvant treatment (SAT) was not included as a variable in the CPH analysis as >95% of node positive patients and only 8% of node-negative patients received SAT. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Single-Gene Genotyping and Personalized Preventive Care
Authors: James A. Timmons
Journal: JAMA (2015)

To the Editor Dr Nan and colleagues1 demonstrated that the risk reduction for colorectal cancer afforded by regular use of aspirin (or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]) was significantly associated with a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located on chromosome 12p12.3.
Are Weekly Courses of Antenatal Steroids Beneficial or Dangerous?—Reply
Authors: Debra A. Guinn, M. Wendy Atkinson, Lisa Sullivan, MenJean Lee, Scott McGregor, Barbara V. Parilla, Jill Davies, Kathleen Hanlon-Lundberg, Lynn Simpson, Joanne Stone, Deborah Wing, Keith Ogasawara, Jonathon Muraskas
Journal: JAMA (2002)
Higher Risk Of HHV6 Reactivation Among Patients Undergoing Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation
Authors: Paulo Guilherme Alvarenga Gomes de Oliveira, Miriam Ueda, Juliana Monte Real, Eloisa de Sá Moreira, Ana Paula Vaz Carvalho, Thiago Xavier Carneiro, Matheus Vescovi Goncalves, Luiz Fernando Lima Reis, Adriana Seber, Nelson Hamerschlak, José Salvador Rodrigues de Oliveira, Fabio R. Kerbauy, Yana Novis, Celso F. H. Granato, Celso Arrais Rodrigues
Journal: Blood (2013)