tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune thyroiditis in manic-depressive patients treated with lithium
Authors: J R Calabrese, A D Gulledge, K Hahn, R Skwerer, M Kotz, O P Schumacher, M K Gupta, N Krupp, P W Gold
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

To explore whether lithium-induced hypothyroidism is related to an exacerbation of underlying autoimmune processes such as thyroiditis, the authors comprehensively assessed thyroid function in 16 manic-depressive patients. Each of the three patients who showed detectable titers of thyroid microsomal antibodies before treatment manifested a marked increase in antibody titer from 4 to 12 months after lithium treatment was begun. Thus, lithium-induced thyroid dysfunction may not only involve direct effects on the thyroid itself but also involve exacerbation of an underlying indolent autoimmune thyroiditis, possibly by causing shifts in T lymphocyte subpopulations.
Cytogenetic Abnormalities in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: I N Karnolsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Trisomy of chromosome 12 is one of the commonest cytogenetic abnormalities in the karyotype in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). It is associated with atypical morphology of lymphocytes, progressing disease and poor survival. A high incidence abnormality in the B-cell CLL is deletion of chromosome 13 (13q14) detected by using modern diagnostic methods such as southern blot hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization. It occurs in 51% of the CLL patients and in as much as 70% in mantle-cell lymphoma. The deletion of 13q14.3 affects a locus telomeric to the RB1 gene (retinoblastoma gene) and the marker D13S25 which bear relation to a candidate tumour suppressor gene. Also common are the chromosome 14 abnormalities which are expressed as the translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) and which correlate with a high leukocytes count, adverse response to cytostatic therapy and increased risk of prolymphocytic proliferation. The oncogene BCL-1 is activated in this translocation. Deletions of the long arm of chromosome 18 (18q21)(q32;q13.1) activate the BCL-2 oncogene, while the translocation t(14;19)(q32;q13.1) activates the BCL-3 oncogene. Essential role in the pathogenesis of CLL is played by the aberrations in chromosome 17 and the p53 mutations (17p13.1). The gene p53 is defined as a tumour suppressor gene; mutations of this gene leads to a CLL characterized with rapid progression, aggressive course, poor prognosis and low survival. The deletions in chromosome 7 are associated with the multidrug resistance gene which causes resistance to doxorubicin, vinblastine and colchicine. All these abnormalities are characteristic of the B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In the T-cell leukemia characteristic deletions are 11q22-q23, a.14q23.1, as well as the inversion inv(14)(11q32) and some rarer aberrations.
Treatment of Endometriosis
Authors: B Olartecoechea, M García Manero, P Royo, M Aubà
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, which induced a chronic inflammatory reaction. Endometriosis is associated with severe dysmenorrhea, deep dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain, ovulation pain, cyclical, or perimenstrual symptoms, with or without abnormal bleeding, infertility, and chronic fatigue. Therapies can be useful to relieve and sometimes solve the symptoms, encourage fertility, eliminate endometrial lesions, and restore the anatomy of the pelvis. For medical therapy, several different preparations (oral contraceptives, progestogenics, gestrinone, danazol, and GnRHa) and new options (GnRH antagonists, aromatase inhibitors, estrogen receptor beta agoinist, progesterone receptor modulators, angiogenesis inhibitors, and COX-2 selective inhibitors) are available.
The Teachings of Professor E. Frankland's Report on Metropolitan Water Supply, 1894
Authors: C. Porter
Journal: BMJ (1895)

reasonable bounds with respect; to the quantity of punch his guests were to imbibe." But," he would observe." I do not wish to be inhospitable; I wish every, man to enjoy himself under my roof.And, gentlemen, if any of you or all of you after leaving my residence has or have the misfortune to be intercepted on the way to your lodging, send for me and I will bail you.I make it a point not to go to bed early on these evenings in order that I should be forthcoming to relieve you in any difficulty in which you may be placed."Unfortunately this promise often required to be acted upon, and it is to the honour of Dermott that he never failed to fulfil it.Dermott was in every respect a thoroughly honest, straightforward, and painstaking man.Independent by nature, he rarely squared
Brentuximab Vedotin in Combination with Chp in Patients (Pts) with Newly-Diagnosed Cd30+ Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas (Ptcl): 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: M.A. Fanale, S.M. Horwitz, A. Forero-Torres, N.L. Bartlett, R.H. Advani, B. Pro, R.W. Chen, A. Davies, T. Illidge, D. Huebner, D.A. Kennedy, A.R. Shustov
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Volume Receptors
Authors: LOUIS G. WELT
Journal: Circulation (1960)

This paper reviews the complicated interplay which may be involved in the retention of water and salt by the kidney. For the sake of brevity, it does not treat either the mechanisms which regulate the intake of water or the disposition of fluid throughout the body. The neurohumoral pathways by which a change in intravascular volume can effect a retention of water by the kidney receives particular attention. The difficulties in dissociating intrarenal from extrarenal determinants of salt and water excretion are considered in detail.
Abstract P2-12-06: Prevention of seroma formation after mastectomy by local methylprednisolone injection - A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: G Qvamme, CK Axelsson, C Lanng, B Wegeberg, MB Mortensen, M Okholm, MR Arpi, PB Szecsi
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Objective: To investigate the effect of local steroid administration on seroma formation until 14 days of dryness. Background: Seroma formation, the most prevalent postoperative complication after mastectomy, is an inflammatory process that is potentially preventable via local steroid administration. Methods: This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled intervention study included 212 women who were scheduled for mastectomy for primary breast cancer. The patients were classified according to the surgical axillary procedure: mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy (M+SLNB) or mastectomy with level I-II axillary lymph node dissection (M+ALND). The participants received either 80 mg of methylprednisolone or saline intracavitary via the drain orifice upon drain removal. Results: After M+SLNB, 46% (32 of 69) of the patients developed seromas in the steroid group vs. 78% (52 of 67) in the saline group (p&amp;lt;0.0001). The mean cumulative seroma volume in the intention-to-treat material for the first 10 and 30 days was significantly lower in the steroid group than in the saline group (24 vs.127 mL and 177 vs. 328 mL, respectively) (p&amp;lt;0.0001). After M+ALND, 94% of the patients developed seromas in both the steroid (35 of 37) and saline (34 of 36) groups, and steroid administration displayed no significant effect on seroma formation. Additionally, no difference in the infection rate was observed. Conclusion: Methylprednisolone administered intracavitary on the first postoperative day after M+SLNB exerted a highly significant preventive effect against seroma formation during the first 30 days. Future studies may clarify whether higher or repeated steroid doses enhance these effects. Citation Format: Qvamme G, Axelsson CK, Lanng C, Wegeberg B, Mortensen MB, Okholm M, Arpi MR, Szecsi PB. Prevention of seroma formation after mastectomy by local methylprednisolone injection - A randomized controlled clinical trial. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-12-06.
Abstract P1-03-05: SPARC expression in primary metastatic breast cancer
Authors: J Barinoff, C Brandi, M Thill, C Heinrichs, J Mensah, W Weikel, A Fisseler-Eckhoff, P Sinn, A-S Meyer, A Traut, A Schneeweiss
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Aim: To evaluate the prognostic value of the expression of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in primary metastatic breast cancer (PMBC). Patients and Methods: Fifty-two patients with PMBC diagnosed between 2005 and 2012 at x German centers were retrospectively analyzed for expression of SPARC in tumor cells using an immunoreactive score (IRS) integrating staining intensity and percentage of positive cells (IRS 0-12), and in stroma based on immunohistochemical (IHC) staining intensity only (IHC 0-3+). Association between SPARC expression, tumor characteristics and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was analyzed. Results: Only Her2 expression was associated with expression of SPARC in stroma (p 0.028, OR 13.9 95% 1.3-145.5) but not in tumor cells. SPARC expression in stroma was associated with shorter PFS (hazard ratio (HR) 2.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-5.4; p 0.014), but not in tumor cells and shorter OS (HR 4.1; 95% CI 1.04-16; p 0.041) for SPARC expression in stroma of breast tumor. No clear association between expression of SPARC in tumor cells and outcome could be detected. Conclusion: Only SPARC expression in stroma might be associated with shorter PFS and OS in patients with PMBC. This finding is in line with the known key role of expression of SPARC in the metastastatic process. Confirmation in prospective clinical trials is warranted. Citation Format: Barinoff J, Brandi C, Thill M, Heinrichs C, Mensah J, Weikel W, Fisseler-Eckhoff A, Sinn P, Meyer A-S, Traut A, Schneeweiss A. SPARC expression in primary metastatic breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-03-05.
Herbert Josep Rapp 1923–1981
Authors: Tibor Borsos, Sc.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Herbert Josep Rapp 1923–1981 Get access Tibor Borsos, Sc.D. Tibor Borsos, Sc.D. Chief Humoral Immunity Section Laboratory of Immunobiology National Cancer InstituteBethesda, Maryland 20205 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 68, Issue 2, February 1982, Page 177, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/68.2.177 Published: 01 February 1982
Abstract P5-14-05: Phase 1 evaluation of the androgen receptor modulator CR1447 in patients with advanced breast cancer (SAKK 21/12)
Authors: W Schoenfeld, M Zweifel, B Thuerlimann, S Riniker, P Weder, R von Moos, O Pagani, M Bigler, KM Rothgiesser, C Pilop, P Brauchli, C Tapia, C Sessa
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: CR1447 (4-OH-testosterone, 4-OHT), a steroidal small molecule, strongly binds to the androgen receptor (AR) and has aromatase inhibiting activity. Pre-clinical studies show that CR1447 given as an ointment is efficiently absorbed and has antiproliferative activity in both ER-positive and ER-negative/AR-positive breast cancer cells. Methods: CR1447 was administered topically on a daily basis to patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative or ER-negative/PR-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer pretreated with several lines of therapy. One cycle was defined as 21 days of treatment. Disease evaluation was performed at 3 and 6 months in order to determine tumor response (i.e. complete/partial remission and stable disease) in 3 cohorts of 3 evaluable patients each plus 3 confirmatory patients (dose escalation 100, 200, 400 mg). Results: 14 patients have been treated for a total of 38 cycles. Two patients are still on treatment at the time of analysis. Two patients, one in cohort 1 and one in cohort 2, showed early tumor progression and were replaced. Related adverse events were all ≤ grade 2 and included fatigue, bone and joint pain, stiffness, dry skin and mouth, nausea, sweating, urinary tract infection, rash, headache and distress. No drug-related dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) were seen. Two patients (17%) achieved stable disease at 3 months. Pharmacokinetic analysis confirmed dose-dependent transdermal uptake of CR1447, resulting in sufficient plasma concentrations of 4-OHT. 4-OH-androstenedione, a key metabolite of 4-OHT, was undetectable in most of the plasma samples. Conclusions: CR1447 administered transdermally as an ointment is well tolerated and appears to have single-agent activity in heavily pretreated ER-positive/HER2-negative and ER-negative/PR-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer patients. The recommended phase II dose is 400 mg/day. Citation Format: Schoenfeld W, Zweifel M, Thuerlimann B, Riniker S, Weder P, von Moos R, Pagani O, Bigler M, Rothgiesser KM, Pilop C, Brauchli P, Tapia C, Sessa C. Phase 1 evaluation of the androgen receptor modulator CR1447 in patients with advanced breast cancer (SAKK 21/12). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-14-05.
Photofluorography in the Detection of Gastric Cancer&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: John F. Roach, Robert D. Sloan, Russell H. Morgan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1949)

Journal Article Photofluorography in the Detection of Gastric Cancer Get access John F. Roach, John F. Roach Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert D. Sloan, Robert D. Sloan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Russell H. Morgan Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University and Hospital, Baltimore Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 10, Issue 2, October 1949, Pages 455–458, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/10.2.455 Published: 01 October 1949
Diagnosis of sessile serrated adenomas/polyps with image-enhanced endoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Neil Parikh, Louis Chaptini, Basile Njei, Loren Laine
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Distinguishing sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps) from non-neoplastic tissue may be challenging when white-light endoscopy (WLE) is used. Image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) has shown accuracy in differentiating adenomas from hyperplastic polyps. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the utility of IEE in diagnosis of SSA/Ps. <b>Methods:</b> Studies were eligible if: they included patients undergoing colonoscopy with an endoscopy-based image-enhancement modality; endoscopic diagnoses, including SSA/P, were based on the appearance of polyps at IEE; and the corresponding histologic diagnoses of polyps were provided. The primary outcome was sensitivity of IEE for SSA/Ps differentiated from non-neoplastic lesions (primary convention) and differentiated from all non-SSA/P lesions, including adenomas (secondary convention). <b>Results:</b> 13 studies met inclusion criteria. Sensitivity ranged from 38 % to 100 % but sensitivity ≥ 90 % was seen in 4 of 10 narrow band imaging (NBI) or magnification-NBI studies. Pooled sensitivities for discriminating SSA/Ps from non-neoplastic lesions were 80 % for magnification-NBI, 60 % for NBI, 49 % for autofluorescence, and 47 % for flexible spectral imaging color enhancement. In head-to-head comparisons with WLE, NBI (89 % vs. 75 %) and magnification-NBI (78 % vs. 63 %) demonstrated significantly greater sensitivity, while autofluorescence imaging (56 % vs. 66 %), flexible spectral imaging color enhancement (100 % vs. 100 %), and high-resolution endomicroscopy (88 % vs. 100 %) did not. <b>Conclusion:</b> IEE currently cannot be recommended as a diagnostic tool for SSA/P. While NBI studies showed promise, more IEE studies employing validated SSA/P criteria in well-defined polyp populations are needed. IEE studies assessing SSA/P detection rates at colonoscopy are also needed.
Deep Sequencing Analysis Reveals That KRAS Mutation Is a Marker of Poor Prognosis in Patients with Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma
Authors: Filippo Lococo, Greta Gandolfi, Giulio Rossi, Carmine Pinto, Cristian Rapicetta, Alberto Cavazza, Alfredo Cesario, Carla Galeone, Massimiliano Paci, Alessia Ciarrocchi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)
Case 35-1978
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Paul H. Ward, Max L. Goodman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 24-year-old woman was admitted to the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary because of discomfort in the throat, hoarseness and nocturnal dyspnea and stridor.Four months previously she began to notice fullness in the throat. Six weeks before admission she became increasingly hoarse, particularly on awakening in the morning, and experienced dyspnea on exertion and difficulty in swallowing. She received tetracycline, without relief. One month before entry numerous cervical lymph nodes became enlarged. Three weeks later examination at another hospital revealed edema of the larynx and left side of the palate. She failed to . . .
Absorption rate, blood concentrations, and early response to oral chlordiazepoxide
Authors: D J Greenblatt, R I Shader, J S Harmatz, K Franke, J Koch-Weser
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

Ten healthy male volunteers received chlordiazepoxide (CDX) hydrochloride or matching placebo with Maalox or water in a four-way single-dose crossover trial. Coadministration of CDX with Maalox did not change the completeness of CDX absorption but significantly slowed its rate of absorption and the rate of desmethylchlordiazepoxide (DMCDX) appearance. Self-rating of feeling "spacey" at 1.0 and 2.5 hours were significantly increased over baseline for CDX taken with water but not with Maalox. Increases in "spacey" feelings at 1.0 hours were highly correlated with 0.5-hour but not with 1.0-hour blood levels. Similar findings were observed for self-ratings of "thinking" slowed down. Thus certain subjective effects of antianxiety agents after oral dosage may depend on the rate of drug absorption and may be attenuated or eliminated if the absorption rate is reduced.
The psychiatric resident as an ex-officio community board member
Authors: A Beigel, R Bevan, J Lawall, J Orttung, D Westin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

The authors describe a program in which third-year psychiatric residents participate as ex-officio members on the boards of community service agencies. Experience as board members gives residents a broad understanding of issues related to the delivery of community mental health services and encourages them to continue community involvment after their training is completed.
The controversy surrounding the use of whole-brain radiotherapy in brain metastases patients
Authors: M. P. Mehta
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Brain metastases account for the majorityof intracranial malignancies and carry an extremely high mortality and, anecdotes aside, are associated with very short survival times. With improvements in treatment including surgery, systemic therapy, and radiotherapy, a tiny minority of patients are living longer. Unfortunately, for an unselected population of patients with brain metastases representing the vast majority of these patients, median survival is still measured in months rather than years. It is well recognized that the therapies and the disease itself can have a significant impact on a patient’s cognition and quality of life, even in this short survival duration. One of the more debilitating side effects associated with brain metastases is cognitive decline, most notably affecting memory. The underlying pathology of cognitive decline in patients with brain metastases is multifactorial. A common cause is the cancer itself and, of course, the occurrence of brain metastases. Medications associated with symptomatic management of the consequences from brain metastases, systemic chemotherapeutic agents, and whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) are contributing factors. Additionally, comorbid factors such as anxiety, fatigue, depression, and direct involvement of memory centers in the brain can contribute to memory decline. Various techniques have been and are being developed to prevent or treat neurocognitive decline in brain cancer patients. 1 WBRT has been integral in the treatment of brain metastases for well over half a century. For example, Chao et al demonstrated symptomatic improvement in 63% of patients treated with this approach. 2 Improvements insurgical and radiosurgicaltechniques have increasingly led to applying WBRT as an adjuvant treatment following resection or radiosurgery (SRS) to improve local, leptomeningeal, and regional control. 3‐7 Over the last decade, an increasing trend has emerged toward utilizing SRS alone for patients with multiple brain metastases and reserving WBRTas a treatment of last resort for salvage of widespread intracranial metastatic disease. In this review, we will scrutinize the evidence suggesting that WBRT can be abandoned in a significant majority of patients, and we posit that this is in fact a dangerous trend that is not adequately supported by the evidence at hand. Further, wewill highlight the significant advances in modulating WBRT-associated cognitive deficits, which would be expected to further improve the therapeutic window associated with this modality.
Abstract IA21: Ras oncogene in cancer pathogenesis and therapy
Authors: Dafna Bar-Sagi
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Mutations in ras genes are highly prevalent in human cancers and are universally predictive of resistance to virtually all anti-cancer therapeutic modalities. Mutant Ras proteins are endowed with a diverse set of biological capabilities that impinge on homeostatic mechanisms that control cell growth and survival. We have been interested in defining the molecular basis of these capabilities and delineating their contribution to the execution of the oncogenic program. Specifically, our recent efforts have focused on the impact of Ras-dependent oncogenic output on key elements of tumor evolution - metabolic reprogramming, immune evasion and genomic stability. The presentation will provide updates pertaining to these efforts highlighting newly identified Ras-dependent vulnerabilities that could potentially be exploited in the design of therapeutic interventions. Citation Format: Dafna Bar-Sagi. Ras oncogene in cancer pathogenesis and therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2015 Oct 23-26; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA21.
Is PD-L1 Expression a Biomarker of Response?
Authors: Janet Colwell
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2015)

Drugs that target the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptor have shown promising antitumor activity in clinical trials, but it is not clear whether expression of the ligand PD-L1 is a biomarker for response. Increasingly, researchers say that PD-L1 expression is just one of many variables that may affect response to PD-1 blockade.
Serum prolactin levels during extended cocaine abstinence
Authors: C M Swartz, K Breen, F Leone
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

Following a report indicating almost a 100% risk for hyperprolactinemia in cocaine users after 1 month of abstinence, the authors determined the serum prolactin concentrations of 23 male inpatients who had abstained from cocaine for 2-43 weeks. None showed high prolactin levels; this places the incidence below 12.3% with 95% confidence. These results imply that persistent hyperprolactinemia requires a medical explanation other than cocaine abstinence itself.