tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Oral, Nutritional Support on Postoperative Body Weight in Gastric Cancer Patients Receiving Elemental Diet: a Randomized Study
Authors: R. Kawabata, K. Nishikawa, K. Kishi, K. Inoue, J. Matsuyama, Y. Akamaru, Y. Kimura, S. Tamura, J. Kawada, Y. Fujiwara, T. Kawase, J. Fukui, M. Takagi, A. Takeno, T. Shimokawa, H. Imamura
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Fractional Flow Reserve in Serial Coronary Artery Stenoses
Authors: Dharam J. Kumbhani, Deepak L. Bhatt
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2016)

A man in his 70s who had undergone prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery presents with unstable angina; disease in the obtuse marginal branch appears stable, but there is worsening of disease in the ramus branch, where 2 serial lesions are identified. What would you do next?
Tau mutant A152T, a risk factor for FTD/PSP, induces neuronal dysfunction and reduced lifespan independently of aggregation in a C. elegans Tauopathy model
Authors: Ghulam Jeelani Pir, Bikash Choudhary, Eckhard Mandelkow, Eva-Maria Mandelkow
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2016)

A certain number of mutations in the Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau (MAPT) gene have been identified in individuals with high risk to develop neurodegenerative diseases, collectively called tauopathies. The mutation A152TMAPT was recently identified in patients diagnosed with frontotemporal spectrum disorders, including Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD), and Alzheimer disease (AD). The A152TMAPT mutation is unusual since it lies within the N-terminal region of Tau protein, far outside the repeat domain that is responsible for physiological Tau-microtubule interactions and pathological Tau aggregation. How A152TMAPT causes neurodegeneration remains elusive. To understand the pathological consequences of this mutation, here we present a new Caenorhabditis elegans model expressing the mutant A152TMAPT in neurons. While expression of full-length wild-type human tau (Tauwt, 2N4R) in C. elegans neurons induces a progressive mild uncoordinated locomotion in a dose-dependent manner, mutant tau (TauA152T, 2N4R) induces a severe paralysis accompanied by acute neuronal dysfunction. Mutant TauA152T worms display morphological changes in neurons reminiscent of neuronal aging and a shortened life-span. Moreover, mutant A152T overexpressing neurons show mislocalization of pre-synaptic proteins as well as distorted mitochondrial distribution and trafficking. Strikingly, mutant tau-transgenic worms do not accumulate insoluble tau aggregates, although soluble oligomeric tau was detected. In addition, the full-length A152T-tau remains in a pathological conformation that accounts for its toxicity. Moreover, the N-terminal region of tau is not toxic per se, despite the fact that it harbours the A152T mutation, but requires the C-terminal region including the repeat domain to move into the neuronal processes in order to execute the pathology. In summary, we show that the mutant TauA152T induces neuronal dysfunction, morphological alterations in neurons akin to aging phenotype and reduced life-span independently of aggregation. This comprehensive description of the pathology due to TauA152T opens up multiple possibilities to identify cellular targets involved in the Tau-dependent pathology for a potential therapeutic intervention.
Article omitted to mention Princess Royal Trust for Carers ..
Authors: D. Butler
Journal: BMJ (1996)

three times a day a relative who is totally incapacitated by a stroke, or of being in constant contact with a person whose mind has long gone.What carers need is financial assistance to buy the help they need to retain their sanity and to provide them with a reasonable quality of life.FRADA ESKIN Consultant in public health medicine 62 The Glen, Sheffield S10 3FN 1 Travers AF.Caring for older people: carers.BMY 1996;313:482-6. (24August.
Quality-of-Life Outcomes With Anatomic Versus Functional Diagnostic Testing Strategies in Symptomatic Patients With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Daniel B. Mark, Kevin J. Anstrom, Shubin Sheng, Khaula N. Baloch, Melanie R. Daniels, Udo Hoffmann, Manesh R. Patel, Lawton S. Cooper, Kerry L. Lee, Pamela S. Douglas
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background— The Prospective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain (PROMISE) trial found that initial use of ≥64 detector-row computed tomography angiography versus standard functional testing strategies (exercise ECG, stress nuclear methods, or stress echocardiography) did not improve clinical outcomes in 10 003 stable symptomatic patients with suspected coronary artery disease requiring noninvasive testing. Symptom burden and quality of life (QOL) were major secondary outcomes. Methods and Results— We prospectively collected a battery of QOL instruments in 5985 patients at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months postrandomization. The prespecified primary QOL measures were the Duke Activity Status Index and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire frequency and QOL scales. All comparisons were made as randomized. Baseline variables were well balanced in the 2982 patients randomly assigned to computed tomography angiography testing and the 3003 patients randomly assigned to functional testing. The Duke Activity Status Index improved substantially in both groups over the first 6 months following testing, but we found no evidence for a strategy-related difference (mean difference [anatomic – functional] at 24 months of follow-up, 0.1 [95% confidence interval, –0.9 to 1.1]). Similar results were seen for the Seattle Angina Questionnaire frequency scale (mean difference at 24 months, –0.2; 95% confidence interval, –0.8 to 0.4) and QOL scale (mean difference at 24 months, –0.2; 95% confidence interval, –1.3 to 0.9). None of the secondary QOL measures showed a consistent strategy-related difference. Conclusions— In symptomatic patients with suspected coronary artery disease who required noninvasive testing, symptoms and QOL improved significantly. However, a strategy of initial anatomic testing, in comparison with functional testing, did not provide an incremental benefit for QOL over 2 years of follow-up. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01174550.
Frequent reconstitution of IDH2R140Q mutant clonal multilineage hematopoiesis following chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: D H Wiseman, E L Williams, D P Wilks, H Sun Leong, T D D Somerville, M W Dennis, E A Struys, A Bakkali, G S Salomons, T C P Somervaille
Journal: Leukemia (2016)
Margaret McCartney: How to misspend £2.4bn
Authors: Margaret McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The General Practice “Forward View” for England and the Commons health committee’s report into primary care have just been published.1 2 They sing in unison: general practice is the great bedrock of the NHS, but it’s under unprecedented strain. More demand, more complexity, and not enough funding mean that it needs innovation and transformation.

So NHS England has promised an extra £2.4bn (€3.09bn; $3.48bn), a 14% increase in real terms, for “supporting and growing” general practice services.

We could spend our entire gross domestic product on health and still have a long shopping list. But, fundamentally, spending money on non-evidence based interventions leads to …
MNGO-19RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF OVERALL SURVIVAL IN MENINGIOMA PATIENTS TREATED WITH RADIOTHERAPY OR COMBINED RADIOTHERAPY AND SURGERY
Authors: Scott Silva, Anil Sethi, Vikram Prabhu, Douglas Anderson, Edward Melian
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

INTRODUCTION: Meningiomas account for 15-20% of adult primary brain neoplasms with an incidence of approximately 2.6 per 100,000 persons. This is a retrospective review of all meningioma cases at our institution treated with radiotherapy alone versus combined radiotherapy and surgery to assess prognostic factors affecting overall survival. METHODS: Patient electronic medical records were used to obtain demographic data and details pertinent to the case including age at diagnosis, location of tumor, World Health Organization (WHO) grade and treatment rendered. Follow up data was obtained for all patients in whom this was available in our records; for the rest, the U.S. social security death index was accessed to determine if and when an individual had expired. The project was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at our institution. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-two (142) patients (92 women and 50 men) were treated at our institution between 1997 and 2014. The average age at diagnosis was 53.8 years. One hundred and three (103) patients were treated with surgery followed by radiotherapy. Thirty-three (33) patients received only radiation treatment. With overall survival (OS) defined as the survival time starting at the end of the first course of radiation treatment, the 10-year OS was 68.0% for all patients. Ten-year OS in patients treated with combination surgery and radiation was 75.0%; ten-year OS in patients treated with radiation alone was 40.0%. In fifty-five (55) patients with known grade I meningiomas, the 10-year OS was 84.0%. Twenty nine (29) patients had known grade II or III meningiomas and had a 10-year OS of 69.2%. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that a combined treatment approach with surgery and radiotherapy improves overall survival compared to treatment with radiotherapy alone. Independent of treatment type, patients with grade I meningiomas have improved overall survival compared to patients with higher grade meningiomas.
Glutathione S-Transferase Activity in Rat Pancreas23
Authors: Owen Black, Barbara K. Howerton
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

The biotransformation capability of pancreatic tissue was studied. Michaelis-Menten kinetics were determined for glutathione S-transferase in pancreatic tissue supernatants from control, phenobarbital (PB), and 3-methylcholanthrene (3MCA)-pretreated Sprague-Dawley male rats. The enzyme activity was measured spectrophotometrically with use of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate. Pancreatic activity was about half the hepatic activity, and, further, the activity was not affected by pretreatment with PB or 3MCA as was the liver.
Notes from the Incoming Editor
Authors: Joseph A. Hill
Journal: Circulation (2016)

In recent issues of the journal, we introduced a number of new initiatives to be featured in Circulation starting in July of this year. 1,2These include a section called Frame of Reference, which will host content spanning a spectrum from thoughtful opinion pieces to brief, evidencebased presentations.Other features include Point/Counterpoint, Clinical Implications of Basic Research, and quarterly accounts of events that led to significant advances in the field (Paths to Discovery).We have also introduced our model of globally distributed leadership of the journal, with creative input and decision-making authority positioned around the world.This, we believe, will facilitate our efforts to meet the needs of professionals globally, capturing intellectual energy -and fostering progress -worldwide.Finally, we have also introduced the content category, State of the Art, which will host a range of articles, including short (Primer) and long (In Depth) reviews.White papers and consensus reports will be featured there, as well.
Soundings: If you want a job doing...
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (1998)

I spent most of last weekend attempting to install a plastic waste bin on the inside of a cupboard door. According to the picture on the box, the lid of the bin would lift automatically when the cupboard door opened. To produce the finished product, I was required to fix a series of tiny hooks and pulleys at impossible angles on the roof of the cupboard, and thread a piece of elastic back and forth in a crucial sequence labelled A1-B1-A2-, etc, in a five stage exploded diagram.

Quite apart from nearly strangling the cat, I found the task beyond me. I simply do not have the right synapses in my brain to conceptualise a construction task in three dimensions. Yet my 6 year old son has no trouble at all producing a space station from a Lego blueprint that runs on for 30 pages, and at family reunions it is not long before all the men in the party are engaged in building castles with drinking straws or doing virtual origami on a computer screen.

Visuospatial ability is the only dimension of intelligence in which boys and men consistently (and across cultures) outperform girls and women. Of course, there are excellent female surgeons and architects who prove that the extremes of the bell shaped distribution are wide, but the rest of the fairer sex can be reassured that the inability to reverse into tight parking spaces is part of the way we are built. Women, of course, have a lot of things going for them, chiefly the ability to keep their mind on two or more important tasks simultaneously. I’ll bet that Einstein himself was unable to chew gum while peeing, and no British prime minister except Margaret Thatcher has ever been able to focus on the policy implications of more than one white paper concurrently.

Since all conventional measures of performance invariably take one task a time, no one has yet documented the superiority of the female in (say) dictating clinic letters while going through the guest list for the Christmas party and meticulously applying two coats of high gloss nail varnish. So here’s the hypothesis: the DIY gene is a sex linked dominant on the Y chromosome but, sadly, shows strong linkage with the when-I-get-around-to-it locus. The multitask gene, in contrast, is a sex linked recessive on the X, and to reap its many benefits you should ... ask a busy woman.
Utility of serum periostin and free <scp>I</scp>g<scp>E</scp> levels in evaluating responsiveness to omalizumab in patients with severe asthma
Authors: T. Tajiri, H. Matsumoto, Y. Gon, R. Ito, S. Hashimoto, K. Izuhara, M. Suzukawa, K. Ohta, J. Ono, S. Ohta, I. Ito, T. Oguma, H. Inoue, T. Iwata, Y. Kanemitsu, T. Nagasaki, A. Niimi, M. Mishima
Journal: Allergy (2016)

Omalizumab, a humanized anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated efficacy in patients with severe allergic asthma. However, treatment responses vary widely among individuals. Despite a lack of data, free serum IgE levels following omalizumab treatment have been proposed as a marker of treatment responsiveness.In this prospective, observational study, we assessed the utility of biomarkers of type 2 inflammation in predicting omalizumab treatment responses, as determined by the absence of asthma exacerbation during the first year of treatment. Free serum IgE levels were monitored for 2 years to examine their association with baseline biomarker levels and the number of exacerbations.We enrolled thirty patients who had been treated with omalizumab for at least 1 year, of whom 27 were treated for 2 years. Baseline serum periostin levels and blood eosinophil counts were significantly higher in patients without exacerbations during the first year of treatment than in patients with exacerbations. Baseline serum periostin levels, but not eosinophil counts, were negatively associated with free serum IgE levels after 16 or 32 weeks of treatment. Reduced free serum IgE levels during treatment from those at baseline were associated with reduced exacerbation numbers at 2 years. In 14 patients who continued to have exacerbations during the first year of treatment, exacerbation numbers gradually and significantly decreased over the 2-year study period, with concurrent significant reductions in free serum IgE levels.Baseline serum periostin levels and serum free IgE levels during treatment follow-up may be useful in evaluating responses to omalizumab treatment.
Three-year Follow up of GMCSF/bi-shRNAfurin DNA-transfected Autologous Tumor Immunotherapy (Vigil) in Metastatic Advanced Ewing's Sarcoma
Authors: Maurizio Ghisoli, Minal Barve, Robert Mennel, Carl Lenarsky, Staci Horvath, Gladice Wallraven, Beena O Pappen, Sam Whiting, Donald Rao, Neil Senzer, John Nemunaitis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2016)

Ewing's sarcoma is a devastating rare pediatric cancer of the bone. Intense chemotherapy temporarily controls disease in most patients at presentation but has limited effect in patients with progressive or recurrent disease. We previously described preliminary results of a novel immunotherapy, FANG (Vigil) vaccine, in which 12 advanced stage Ewing's patients were safely treated and went on to achieve a predicted immune response (IFNγ ELISPOT). We describe follow-up through year 3 of a prospective, nonrandomized study comparing an expanded group of Vigil-treated advanced disease Ewing's sarcoma patients (n = 16) with a contemporaneous group of Ewing's sarcoma patients (n = 14) not treated with Vigil. Long-term follow-up results show a survival benefit without evidence of significant toxicity (no ≥ grade 3) to Vigil when administered once monthly by intradermal injection (1 × 10e6 cells/injection to 1 × 10e7 cells/injection). Specifically, we report a 1-year actual survival of 73% for Vigil-treated patients compared to 23% in those not treated with Vigil. In addition, there was a 17.2-month difference in overall survival (OS; Kaplan-Meier) between the Vigil (median OS 731 days) and no Vigil patient groups (median OS 207 days). In conclusion, these results supply the rational for further testing of Vigil in advanced stage Ewing's sarcoma. Ewing's sarcoma is a devastating rare pediatric cancer of the bone. Intense chemotherapy temporarily controls disease in most patients at presentation but has limited effect in patients with progressive or recurrent disease. We previously described preliminary results of a novel immunotherapy, FANG (Vigil) vaccine, in which 12 advanced stage Ewing's patients were safely treated and went on to achieve a predicted immune response (IFNγ ELISPOT). We describe follow-up through year 3 of a prospective, nonrandomized study comparing an expanded group of Vigil-treated advanced disease Ewing's sarcoma patients (n = 16) with a contemporaneous group of Ewing's sarcoma patients (n = 14) not treated with Vigil. Long-term follow-up results show a survival benefit without evidence of significant toxicity (no ≥ grade 3) to Vigil when administered once monthly by intradermal injection (1 × 10e6 cells/injection to 1 × 10e7 cells/injection). Specifically, we report a 1-year actual survival of 73% for Vigil-treated patients compared to 23% in those not treated with Vigil. In addition, there was a 17.2-month difference in overall survival (OS; Kaplan-Meier) between the Vigil (median OS 731 days) and no Vigil patient groups (median OS 207 days). In conclusion, these results supply the rational for further testing of Vigil in advanced stage Ewing's sarcoma.
In vivo biocompatibility, clearance, and biodistribution of albumin vehicles for pulmonary drug delivery
Authors: A. Woods, A. Patel, D. Spina, Y. Riffo-Vasquez, A. Babin-Morgan, R.T.M. de Rosales, K. Sunassee, S. Clark, H. Collins, K. Bruce, L.A. Dailey, B. Forbes
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)

The development of clinically acceptable albumin-based nanoparticle formulations for use in pulmonary drug delivery has been hindered by concerns about the toxicity of nanomaterials in the lungs combined with a lack of information on albumin nanoparticle clearance kinetics and biodistribution. In this study, the in vivo biocompatibility of albumin nanoparticles was investigated following a single administration of 2, 20, and 390μg/mouse, showing no inflammatory response (TNF-α and IL-6, cellular infiltration and protein concentration) compared to vehicle controls at the two lower doses, but elevated mononucleocytes and a mild inflammatory effect at the highest dose tested. The biodistribution and clearance of (111)In labelled albumin solution and nanoparticles over 48h following a single pulmonary administration to mice was investigated by single photon emission computed tomography and X-ray computed tomography imaging and terminal biodistribution studies. (111)In labelled albumin nanoparticles were cleared more slowly from the mouse lung than (111)In albumin solution (64.1±8.5% vs 40.6±3.3% at t=48h, respectively), with significantly higher (P<0.001) levels of albumin nanoparticle-associated radioactivity located within the lung tissue (23.3±4.7%) compared to the lung fluid (16.1±4.4%). Low amounts of (111)In activity were detected in the liver, kidneys, and intestine at time points >24h indicating that small amounts of activity were cleared from the lungs both by translocation across the lung mucosal barrier, as well as mucociliary clearance. This study provides important information on the fate of albumin vehicles in the lungs, which may be used to direct future formulation design of inhaled nanomedicines.
Relationship Between Amount and Type of Dietary Fat in Promotion of Mammary Carcinogenesis Induced by 7,12-Dimethylbenz[&lt;italic&gt;a&lt;/italic&gt;]anthracene&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: G J Hopkins, K K Carroll
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed semipurified diets containing various fats, either alone or in combination, to provide different amounts of dietary fat and linoleic acid. One week before commencing the diets, each rat received an intra-gastric dose of the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Rats fed diets containing mixtures of 3% sunflower seed oil and 17% of either tallow or coconut oil developed twice as many tumors as those fed 3% sunflower seed oil or 20% of either saturated fat alone. Tumor yields in the rats fed these mixed-fat diets were comparable to those in rats fed a 20% lard diet, which provided about the same amount of linoleic acid. No further increase in tumor yield was observed in rats fed a 20% sunflower seed oil diet that contained more than five times as much linoleic acid. These results show that a certain amount of polyunsaturated fat, as well as a high level of dietary fat, is required to promote mammary carcinogenesis.
Polymerase chain reaction as marker of infectivity in people with hepatitis C
Authors: S. Thomas, A. Hall, M.-L. Newell, G. J Dore, J. M Kaldor, G. W McCaughan
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Outcome of pregnancy in women with insulin dependent diabetes Centralisation of care leads to better outcomeEditor-The finding of a persistently poor outcome of pregnancy in women with insulin dependent diabetes in two (northern) English regions is an important statement of the problem. 1 2 Both studies provide figures and show outcomes that are no different from those widely reported in the past.Unfortunately, neither give evidence of any degree of centralisation of obstetric or diabetic care, with on-site neonatal intensive care, although this is a proved means of improving the outcome of pregnancy for diabetic mothers. 3 The St Vincent declaration guidelines on the outcome of pregnancy, referred to in the accompanying editorial (p 263), are based on the Scandinavian reports held up as examples of good practice and state that "an interdisciplinary team should provide centralized diabetic pregnancy care in a hospital treating at least 20-30 cases a year.Pregnant diabetic
Quality-Of-Life (Qol), Tolerability, and Supportive Care Results: Necitumumab Phase 3 Squire Study
Authors: M. Reck, M.A. Socinski, A. Luft, A. Szczesna, M. Dediu, R. Ramlau, G. Losonczy, O. Molinier, C. Schumann, J. Brown, V. Soldatenkova, N. Chouaki, N. Thatcher
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)