tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Problems for women in psychiatric residency
Authors: E P Benedek, G Barton, C Bieniek
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

Some of the basic problems confronting women in psychiatric training are reflected in four major areas: supervision, administration, research, and peer relationships. The authors recommend a residency seminar on female psychology, flexible-schedule residencies, inclusion of more women in all phases of the profession, reeducation in female psychology for supervisors, more research opportunities, the availability of male and female mentors, and training program encouragement of peer support; these suggestions would help overcome the problems and improve training programs for women and men.
Acrolein Exposure in U.S. Tobacco Smokers and Non-Tobacco Users: NHANES 2005–2006
Authors: K. Udeni Alwis, B. Rey deCastro, John C. Morrow, Benjamin C. Blount
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Acrolein is a highly reactive α,β unsaturated aldehyde and respiratory irritant. Acrolein is formed during combustion (e.g., burning tobacco or biomass), during high-temperature cooking of foods, and in vivo as a product of oxidative stress and polyamine metabolism. No biomonitoring reference data have been reported to characterize acrolein exposure for the U.S.Our goals were to a) evaluate two acrolein metabolites in urine--N-acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine (3HPMA) and N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine (CEMA)--as biomarkers of exposure to acrolein for the U.S. population by age, sex, race, and smoking status; and b) assess tobacco smoke as a predictor of acrolein exposure.We analyzed urine from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2005-2006) participants ≥ 12 years old (n = 2,866) for 3HPMA and CEMA using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-MSMS). Sample-weighted linear regression models stratified for non-tobacco users versus tobacco smokers (as defined by serum cotinine and self-report) characterized the association of urinary 3HPMA and CEMA with tobacco smoke exposure, adjusting for urinary creatinine, sex, age, and race/ethnicity.3HPMA and CEMA levels were higher among tobacco smokers (cigarettes, cigars, and pipe users) than among non-tobacco users. The median 3HPMA levels for tobacco smokers and non-tobacco users were 1,089 and 219 μg/g creatinine, respectively. Similarly, median CEMA levels were 203 μg/g creatinine for tobacco smokers and 78.8 μg/g creatinine for non-tobacco users. Regression analysis showed that serum cotinine was a significant positive predictor (p < 0.0001) of both 3HPMA and CEMA among tobacco smokers.Tobacco smoke was a significant predictor of acrolein exposure in the U.S. population.
PTH-278 Aspirin enhances the response to radiation in colorectal cancer cell lines
Authors: K Gash, T Collard, A Chambers, C Paraskeva, A Williams, M Thomas
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Advances in surgical resection, neo-adjuvant therapies and efforts to ensure early detection have led to a reduction in colorectal cancer mortality rates since the 1970s. Despite this, around 40% of patients die from recurrence or metastatic disease, making it the second most common cause of cancer related death in the UK. Poor response to adjuvant treatment for colorectal cancer continues to pose a significant problem. Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells (CSC), are thought to be responsible for fuelling resistance and driving recurrent disease.<sup>1</sup>The identification of a reliable CSC marker, LGR5, <sup>2</sup>has enabled further investigation and it has been demonstrated that both the function and survival of colorectal CSCs is driven by COX-2/PGE<sub>2</sub>and BCL-3/NFκB signalling pathways.<sup>3</sup> Therefore, we aimed to determine whether Aspirin, through inhibiting PGE<sub>2</sub>production and BCL-3 expression, can enhance the response to radiotherapy, in colorectal cancer cells. <h3>Method</h3> Colorectal carcinoma (HCA7/P, LS174T, LoVo) and adenoma (AN/C1, RG/C2) cell lines were treated with Aspirin, (1–2 mM, 24–96 h). Cell survival (cell yield and apoptosis) and protein expression (analysed by Western blotting), were determined. Colorectal cancer cells were seeded at low densities and treated with combinations of Aspirin and/or γ-radiation (Cs-137 source). Cell survival was determined by crystal violet cell viability assay. <h3>Results</h3> 2 mM Aspirin decreased cell yield (e.g. LoVo- Control 26.7 × 10<sup>6</sup>vs. 2 mM Aspirin 9.4 × 10<sup>6</sup>, p = 0.002) and increased apoptosis (e.g. Lovo- Control 7.8 × 10<sup>6</sup>vs. 2 mM Aspriin 19.5 × 10<sup>6</sup>, p = 0.014) in carcinoma and adenoma cell lines at 72 and 96 h. Western analysis showed Aspirin treatment reduced the expression of CSC related markers in both colorectal carcinoma and adenoma cell lines. 2mM Aspirin increased the sensitivity to 2.5Gy radiation in colorectal carcinoma cells, leading to an approximate two-fold decrease in cell survival, (e.g. HCA7/P- 2.5Gy radiation 81.9% survival vs. 43.4% for 2.5Gy and 2 mM Aspirin combined). Suppression of BCL-3 expression, in addition to Aspirin, further enhanced response to radiation. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Aspirin decreases cell survival and increases apoptosis in colorectal carcinoma and adenoma cell lines. Furthermore, it enhances the response to radiation, reducing colorectal cancer cell survival. BCL-3 suppression may modulate this response. Clinical translation, to further explore Aspirin’s role as a novel adjunct to radiation, is underway in our multi-centre prospective cohort study, (ASPIRE). <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> O’Brien CA. Nature 2007;445(7123):106–110 Barker N. Nature 2007;449(7165):1003–7 Al-Kharusi MRA. Carcinogenesis 2013;34(5):1150–1157
Increased accumulation of Tl-201 in monostotic Paget's disease of the patella: evaluation with quantitative analysis.
Authors: E Abamor, M T Kitapçi, E Cila, N Gökçora, O Uluoğlu 
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Monostotic Paget’s disease of the patella was detected with Tc-99m MDP and Tl-201 scans. Diffuse intense uptake of MDP in the left patella was observed on the blood-pool and late phases of the bone scan. Tl-201 imaging was performed to differentiate a malignant process and showed diffuse marked accumulation at the same site. Semiquantitative analysis of the patella region on both Tc-99m MDP and Tl-201 scans did not support a diagnosis of cancer. Radiographs showed the features of Paget’s disease of the bone. Findings of a pathologic evaluation were compatible with the diagnosis of osteitis deformans. This case represents the unusual skeletal involvement of monostotic Paget’s disease of the bone in the patella. Tl-201 accumulation in the Paget’s lesion was suggested to be caused by increased metabolic activity of the lesion but was not indicative of a malignant process.
Abstract 123: Erythropoietin Enhances Abundance of Cardiomyogenic Precursors in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Maria Patapia Zafeiriou, Claudia Noack, Bernhard Unsoeld, Michael Didie, Ali El-Armouche, Martin W Bergmann, Wolfram H Zimmermann, Laura Zelarayan
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Recent data suggest that erythropoietin (Epo) can improve cardiac function following ischemia reperfusion injury. We found EpoR to be prominently expressed in embryonic rather than adult mouse heart. In the latter EpoR expression was confined to interstitial cells. We isolated the non-myocyte fraction of adult mouse hearts by enzymatic digestion and straining (pore size: 30 µm) and found a 4-fold higher EpoR expression compared to unselected cardiac cells (n=3). Flow cytometry (FC) revealed that 24±3% of this heterogeneous cell pool expressed EpoR (n=3) and 11±2% co-expressed αMHC. Half of the αMHC+ cells stained positive for Ki67, consistent with FC showing that 49±7% αMHC+/EpoR+ cells were in S and G2 phase (n=3; vs. 13±3% in αMHC-/EpoR-; n=3). Interestingly, co-culture with neonatal rat cardiomyocytes yielded EGFP+ cardiomyocyte-like cells. Since αMHC+ proliferated and differentiated in vitro we termed them cardiomyogenic precursors (CMPs). Epo treatment of the non-myocyte pool enhanced Akt phosphorylation (n=6/group) and increased CMP abundance in vitro (2-fold; n=3). Cell cycle arrest abrogated the aforementioned effect, suggesting that Epo influenced CMP proliferation. Finally, we tested the potential of Epo to protect against ischemia by enhancing CMP numbers in a model of myocardial infarction (MI). Following MI mice were treated twice with 2,000 U/kg Epo (i.p.). Ten weeks post MI echocardiography revealed blunted myocardial deterioration in mice receiving Epo (ΔEF=-11.18%, n=5) compared to control (ΔEF=-20.82%, n=6). FC revealed an enhanced αMHC+/cTnT+ cell pool in the Epo treated group (20.3±1.9% vs. 10.6±2.3% in control, n=8/6) 4 weeks post MI. In conclusion, we found that EpoR is expressed in a putative cardiomyogenic precursor cell pool in the adult heart. CMPs appear to proliferate in vitro and in vivo; with further enhanced proliferation under Epo administration. This may contribute to Epo mediated protection after MI and highlights the therapeutic effect of Epo upon ischemic cardiac injury. Whether these cells remain from embryogenesis or just constitute an immature myocyte population in the adult heart deriving from cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation needs to be further investigated.
Case 3-1962
Authors: George L. Nardi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

Presentation of CaseA sixty-three-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of vomiting and pain in the abdomen.Eleven years previously because of a three-month history of severe periumbilical pain and the radiologic demonstration of calculi in the region of the pancreas and swelling of the ampulla of Vater a Whipple operation (partial pancreatectomy, total duodenectomy, choledochojejunostomy, pancreaticojejunostomy and gastrojejunostomy) was performed (Fig. 1). Pathological examination of the surgical specimen revealed pancreatic lithiasis with chronic inflammation and fibrosis. He recovered from the operation promptly and was improved, but because of repeated episodes of similar abdominal pain a bilateral lower . . .
Significance of Duodenal Deformity in Patients with Extrahepatic Portal Obstruction
Authors: R W OLSON, J R HODGSON, M A ADSON
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Endoscopic characterization and resection of Vanek’s tumor of the duodenum
Authors: Paul Kröner, Leona Council, Klaus Mönkemüller
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

A 66-year-old white man was referred following visualization of a duodenal mass on endoscopy. The patient had presented to his primary physician complaining of a 6-week history of nausea, vomiting, 20-pound unintentional weight loss, and melena. Initial physical exam revealed diffuse abdominal pain. Laboratory work-up revealed normocytic-normochromic anemia (Hb 9.4 g/dL), abdominal ultrasound showed a distended gallbladder, and abdominal computed tomography scan findings were negative. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealed a bleeding pedunculated lesion (2 × 2 cm) in the duodenum. The lesion was injected with epinephrine 1 : 10 000, and the patient was referred to our center, the University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital.
Interleukin-2 production and response to interleukin-2 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients after bone marrow transplantation: II. Patients receiving soybean lectin-separated and T cell-depleted bone marrow
Authors: K Welte, CA Keever, J Levick, MA Bonilla, VJ Merluzzi, R Mertelsmann, R Evans, RJ O'Reilly
Journal: Blood (1987)
Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis: scintigraphic evaluation.
Authors: BEN KIM, PRASANTA KARAK, BOHDAN BYBEL, GERALD FREEDMAN, DONALD NEUMANN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

KIM, BEN Y. D.O.; KARAK, PRASANTA M.D.; BYBEL, BOHDAN M.D.; FREEDMAN, GERALD S. M.D., M.P.H.; NEUMANN, DONALD R. M.D., Ph.D. Author Information
CHONDROCYTE NONRESPONSIVENESS TO INSULIN‐LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1 IN EXPERIMENTAL ARTHRITIS
Authors: Joost Schalkwijk, Leo A. B. Joosten, Wim B. van den Berg, Levinus B. A. van de Putte
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (1989)

Inhibition of chondrocyte proteoglycan (PG) synthesis is one of the mechanisms leading to cartilage destruction in joint inflammation. Using murine cartilage from normal and arthritic knee joints, we examined this process. We found that for normal, anatomically intact murine articular cartilage, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a potent anabolic factor. Recombinant IGF-1 at physiologic concentrations in a completely synthetic medium sustained PG synthesis, at the in vivo rate, of patellar cartilage in organ culture. Using an experimental arthritis model, we found that cartilage from an arthritic joint could not be stimulated in vitro with IGF-1. This nonresponsiveness was not caused by a generalized metabolic inhibition of the chondrocytes, because PG synthesis in arthritic cartilage could still be stimulated by forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase. Our data suggest that during joint inflammation, inhibition of chondrocyte PG synthesis is, at least partially, caused by a defect in the IGF-1 responsiveness of the chondrocyte. We propose this finding as a possible pathogenetic mechanism for cartilage destruction in joint diseases.
Psychiatric benefits and insurance regulation in Massachusetts: a national model?
Authors: F J Stoddard, H G Altman, M Sheldon, H Senger, D Van Buskirk
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

The Massachusetts Mandatory Mental Health Insurance Act requires all health insurance plans in the state to cover mental illness. Because of their concerns that this law might be taken as a national model, the authors describe the problems encountered in implementing it and the conflicts between the insurance carriers and psychiatry. The authors attribute the problems to some insurance carriers' failure to deal directly with organized psychiatry in obtaining screening guidelines, the absence of psychiatrists on the carriers' central committees, and psychiatrists' generally indifferent and hostile attitudes toward the carriers. The authors describe recent improvements and recommendations based on 10 years of experience.
Is the inherence heuristic needed to understand system-justifying tendencies among children?
Authors: Anna-Kaisa Newheiser, Kristina R. Olson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Evidence that children's system-justifying preferences track the extent of group-based status differences is consistent with the inherence heuristic account. However, evidence that children are inferring inherence per se, or that such inferences are the cause of system-justifying preferences, is missing. We note that, until direct evidence of the inherence heuristic is available, alternative models should not be ignored.
Functioning at the clinical-research interface: the clinical-research meeting
Authors: M Sacks, E B Fink, W T Carpenter
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

The authors describe their experience in carrying out clinical and psychobiological research in a therapeutic milieu setting. The clinical-research meeting, composed of clinical-care staff with secondary research responsibilities, researchers, and acutely psychotic patients, proved to be a useful mechanism for identifying and resolving inevitable problems at the clinical-research interface and enhanced the effectiveness of research implementation and patient care. The authors discuss three specific areas where covert issues threatened to undermine the work of the unit-the abrogation of research responsibility, the abrogation of clinical responsibility, and intergroup competition and envy.
Antiplatelet Therapy
Authors: Harvey J. Weiss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Clinical Uses of Antiplatelet DrugsThe possibility that antiplatelet drugs may be useful in the prophylaxis or therapy of platelet-induced thromboembolism in man has aroused considerable interest in recent years. In addition, these drugs could also be useful in modifying other platelet-mediated pathologic processes (Table 1). In general, the use of these drugs assumes that platelet activation (e.g., adhesion, aggregation, secretion or thrombus formation) plays an important part in initiating or perpetuating an acute clinical event or pathologic process. In most cases the mechanism by which platelets contribute to these various processes is poorly understood. The . . .
Short-term course of depressive symptoms in patients with eating disorders
Authors: F S Wamboldt, N J Kaslow, W J Swift, M Ritholz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

After inpatient treatment focused on aberrant eating behavior, six depressed normal-weight bulimic patients showed little improvement in depressive or eating symptoms. Four depressed anorexic patients with bulimic behavior improved in both areas, and five restricting anorexic patients had an intermediate response.
A phase 1 trial of a potent and selective VEGF receptor inhibitor, apatinib, in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Authors: Sunil Sharma, Yoon-Koo Kang, John R. Weis, Glynn Weldon Gilcrease, Cynthia Davidson, Rachel Kingsford, Joan Collett, Nicole Orgain, Min-Hee Ryu, Baek-Yeol Ryoo, Sook Ryun Park, Hee-Won Yoo, Sung-Chul Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

2525 Background: VEGF-mediated signaling pathways are critical to tumor growth. Apatinib mesylate is a novel, oral angiogenesis inhibitor that potently and selectively inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). Methods: Apatinib mesylate was administered once daily as oral monotherapy starting at 100 mg/day and escalating to 250, 500, 750, or 850 mg/day, with dose expansion at the up to 850mg/day or maximum tolerated dose levels. The primary objective was to determine the safety and tolerability of continuous oral Apatinib mesylate in patients with recurrent solid tumors. A secondary endpoint was response to treatment. Results: In this Phase 1 trial, 25 patients were treated and evaluated for safety and tolerability. The dose levels were: 100 mg/day (n = 5); 250 mg/day (n = 9); 500 mg/day (n = 4); 750 mg/day (n = 4); and 850 mg/day (n = 3). Median age was 62 years (range, 33–76 years), and median prior number of therapies was 3.5 (range, 0-8 therapies). There was 1 dose-limiting toxicity (malignant hypertension, 250mg/day). Among 19 evaluable patients, after 2 cycles, there was 1 (5.3%) partial response, 11 (57.9%) stable disease, and 7 (36.8%) disease progression. Pharmacokinetic data will be presented. Conclusions: Apatinib mesylate monotherapy was well tolerated in patients with recurrent solid tumors in this phase 1 trial with preliminary evidence of promising antitumor activity. The recommended phase 2 dose for further development was 850 mg/day. Clinical trial information: NCT01497704.
ATPS-58COMBINATION TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS EFFECTIVELY OVERCOME THE APOPTOSIS RESISTANCE, INVASIVE POTENTIAL AND ANGIOGENIC CAPACITY OF GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME CELLS
Authors: Hayley Nehoff, Neha Parayath, Sebastien Taurin, Khaled Greish
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Despite the aggressive treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients have a poor survival of 14 months from diagnosis. Several factors contribute to the limited efficacy of current treatments including invasiveness, resistance to apoptosis and large inter- and intra-patient cellular heterogeneity. Tyrosine kinases are known to contribute to these parameters and are commonly mutated or overexpressed in GBM. Recent work has focused on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as promising treatment strategy. The cytotoxicity of 13 TKIs was evaluated against four human GBM cell lines (U87, LN-18, U373 and A172) and established crizotinib, a Met inhibitor, and dasatinib, a SRC inhibitor to be the most efficacious combination. While dasatinib treatment was cytostatic, crizotinib treatment induced apoptosis in all cell lines (from 24.3 to 47.8%). The combination synergistically increased apoptosis in the four cell lines (57.7 to 64.4%) and maintained apoptosis 72 hours following drug withdrawal (9.1-50.4%). In addition, crizotinib treatment induced polyploidy in all cell lines, 11.1 to 39.3% of cells had 4-fold the normal DNA content, the co-treatment with dasatinib attenuated polyploidy by 2 to 4-fold. The expression of proteins involved in cell survival, invasion and proliferation, such as Met, Src and AKT, were reduced by single treatments and effectively abolished by the combination treatment. Furthermore, using LN-18 cells, we showed that combination treatment abolished migration and reduced invasion by 80%. In vitro models of angiogenesis and vascular mimicry were also evaluated and showed that the combination was sufficient to abolish endothelial-tube formation as well as the vascular mimicry of GBM cells. The combination of crizotinib and dasatinib effectively overcomes several resistance factors known to hinder effective management of GBM and warrants further validation in animal models.
Increased soluble interleukin-1 type II receptor concentrations in postoperative patients and in patients with sepsis syndrome
Authors: JH Pruitt, MB Welborn, PD Edwards, TR Harward, JW Seeger, TD Martin, C Smith, JA Kenney, RI Wesdorp, S Meijer, MA Cuesta, A Abouhanze, EM rd Copeland, J Giri, JE Sims, LL Moldawer, HS Oldenburg
Journal: Blood (1996)
Direct Readout of Laboratory Test Results Makes Data Quickly Available to Physicians
Authors: W H FINLEY, S C FINLEY, C S PITTMAN
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal