tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Targeting Inflammation With Salsalate
Authors: Thomas H. Hauser, Ninad Salastekar, Ernst J. Schaefer, Tanvi Desai, Harvey L. Goldfine, Kristen M. Fowler, Griffin M. Weber, Francine Welty, Melvin Clouse, Steven E. Shoelson, Allison B. Goldfine
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Inflammation may contribute to pathological associations among obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether targeting inflammation using salsalate compared with placebo reduces progression of noncalcified coronary artery plaque. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> In the Targeting Inflammation Using Salsalate in Cardiovascular Disease (TINSAL-CVD) trial participants were randomly assigned between September 23, 2008, and July 5, 2012, to 30 months of salsalate or placebo in addition to standard, guideline-based therapies. Randomization was computerized and centrally allocated, with patients, health care professionals, and researchers masked to treatment assignment. Participants were overweight and obese statin-using patients with established, stable coronary heart disease. <h3>Interventions</h3> Salsalate (3.5 g/d) or placebo orally over 30 months. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome was progression of noncalcified coronary artery plaque assessed by multidetector computed tomographic angiography. Secondary outcomes were other measures of safety and efficacy. <h3>Results</h3> Two hundred fifty-seven participants were randomized to salsalate (n = 129) or placebo (n = 128). Their mean (SD) age was 60.8 (7.0) years, and 94.0% (236 of 251) were male. One hundred ninety participants (89 in the salsalate group and 101 in the placebo group) completed the study. Compared with baseline, there was no increase in noncalcified plaque volume in the placebo-treated patients and no difference in change between the salsalate and placebo groups (mean difference, −1 mm<sup>3</sup>; 95% CI, −11 to 9 mm<sup>3</sup>;<i>P</i> = .87). Salsalate treatment decreased total white blood cell, lymphocyte, monocyte, and neutrophil counts and increased adiponectin levels without change in C-reactive protein levels. Fasting glucose, triglycerides, uric acid, and bilirubin levels were decreased in the salsalate group compared with the placebo group, while hemoglobin levels were increased. Urinary albumin levels increased, with tinnitus and atrial arrhythmias more common, in the salsalate group compared with the placebo group. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Salsalate when added to current therapies that include a statin does not reduce progression of noncalcified coronary plaque volume assessed by multidetector computed tomographic angiography in statin-using patients with established, stable coronary heart disease. The absence of progression of noncalcified plaque volume in the placebo group may limit interpretation of the trial results. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00624923
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation With Reduced Intensity Conditioning Regimen In Patients With Relapsed Hodgkin´s Lymphoma
Authors: Maria Marta Rivas, Mariano Berro, Sebastian Yantorno, Maria Virginia Prates, Jorge H Milone, Ana Lisa Basquiera, Adriana Berreta, Juan Garcia, Guillermina Remaggi, Juliana Martinez Rolon, Jorge Arbelbide, Monica Makiya, Eduardo Dibar, Alejandro Requejo, Leonardo Julio Feldman, Vera Milovic, Maria Cecilia Foncuberta, Rubén Burgos, Gustavo Daniel Kusminsky
Journal: Blood (2013)
Mechanisms of Diabetes Improvement Following Bariatric/Metabolic Surgery
Authors: Rachel L. Batterham, David E. Cummings
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

More than 20 years ago, Pories et al. published a seminal article, “Who Would Have Thought It? An Operation Proves to Be the Most Effective Therapy for Adult-Onset Diabetes Mellitus.” This was based on their observation that bariatric surgery rapidly normalized blood glucose levels in obese people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and 10 years later, almost 90% remained diabetes free. Pories et al. suggested that caloric restriction played a key role and that the relative contributions of proximal intestinal nutrient exclusion, rapid distal gut nutrient delivery, and the role of gut hormones required further investigation. These findings of T2DM improvement/remission after bariatric surgery have been widely replicated, together with the observation that bariatric surgery prevents or delays incident T2DM. Over the ensuing two decades, important glucoregulatory roles of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract have been firmly established. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial glycemic effects of bariatric surgery remain incompletely understood. In addition to the mechanisms proposed by Pories et al., changes in bile acid metabolism, GI tract nutrient sensing and glucose utilization, incretins, possible anti-incretin(s), and the intestinal microbiome are implicated. These changes, acting through peripheral and/or central pathways, lead to reduced hepatic glucose production, increased tissue glucose uptake, improved insulin sensitivity, and enhanced β-cell function. A constellation of factors, rather than a single overarching mechanism, likely mediate postoperative glycemic improvement, with the contributing factors varying according to the surgical procedure. Thus, different bariatric/metabolic procedures provide us with experimental tools to probe GI tract physiology. Embracing this approach through the application of detailed phenotyping, genomics, metabolomics, and gut microbiome studies will enhance our understanding of metabolic regulation and help identify novel therapeutic targets.
Emphysema- and airway-dominant COPD phenotypes defined by standardised quantitative computed tomography
Authors: Deepak R. Subramanian, Sumit Gupta, Dorothe Burggraf, Suzan J. vom Silberberg, Irene Heimbeck, Marion S. Heiss-Neumann, Karl Haeussinger, Chris Newby, Beverley Hargadon, Vimal Raj, Dave Singh, Umme Kolsum, Thomas P. Hofer, Khaled Al-shair, Niklas Luetzen, Antje Prasse, Joachim Müller-Quernheim, Giorgio Benea, Stefano Leprotti, Piera Boschetto, Dorota Gorecka, Adam Nowinski, Karina Oniszh, Wolfgang zu Castell, Michael Hagen, Imre Barta, Balázs Döme, Janos Strausz, Timm Greulich, Claus Vogelmeier, Andreas R. Koczulla, Ivo Gut, Jens Hohlfeld, Tobias Welte, Mahyar Lavae-Mokhtari, Loems Ziegler-Heitbrock, Christopher Brightling, David G. Parr
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

EvA (Emphysema versus Airway disease) is a multicentre project to study mechanisms and identify biomarkers of emphysema and airway disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The objective of this study was to delineate objectively imaging-based emphysema-dominant and airway disease-dominant phenotypes using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) indices, standardised with a novel phantom-based approach. 441 subjects with COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stages 1–3) were assessed in terms of clinical and physiological measurements, laboratory testing and standardised QCT indices of emphysema and airway wall geometry. QCT indices were influenced by scanner non-conformity, but standardisation significantly reduced variability (p&lt;0.001) and led to more robust phenotypes. Four imaging-derived phenotypes were identified, reflecting “emphysema-dominant”, “airway disease-dominant”, “mixed” disease and “mild” disease. The emphysema-dominant group had significantly higher lung volumes, lower gas transfer coefficient, lower oxygen ( P O 2 ) and carbon dioxide ( P CO 2 ) tensions, higher haemoglobin and higher blood leukocyte numbers than the airway disease-dominant group. The utility of QCT for phenotyping in the setting of an international multicentre study is improved by standardisation. QCT indices of emphysema and airway disease can delineate within a population of patients with COPD, phenotypic groups that have typical clinical features known to be associated with emphysema-dominant and airway-dominant disease.
The Surgery of the Colon and Rectum
Authors: E BOLING
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 13652: Less is More: Use of a Sentinel Segment Approach to Strain Analysis in Stress Echocardiography
Authors: Kazuaki Negishi, Tomoko Negishi, Jill A Odabashian, Andreas N Marountas, Thomas H Marwick
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Backgrounds: Strain imaging has been applied as an adjunct to subjective interpretation during stress echo (SE). However, it is time consuming to measure all segments, and not all segments have equ...
Reimbursement for partial hospitalization: a survey and policy implications
Authors: E Leibenluft, R F Leibenluft
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

Lack of third-party reimbursement is frequently cited as a cause of underutilization of partial hospitalization. The authors contacted a sample of health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and public and private payers to obtain information about their payment policies. They conclude that in the private sector, reimbursement barriers are diminishing but that clinicians frequently must obtain an extracontractual agreement for coverage. Partial hospitalization is particularly attractive to HMOs and others that pay on a capitated basis and can strictly control utilization. A recent clarification of Medicare guidelines may facilitate reimbursement for hospital-based programs, but there remain significant disincentives under the Medicare statute for widespread utilization of partial hospitalization.
Lifestyle Factors and Risk for New-Onset Diabetes in a Large Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Jared P. Reis, Catherine M. Loria, Paul D. Sorlie, Yikyung Park, Albert Hollenbeck, Arthur Schatzkin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background
Epidemiologic data on the combined influence of several lifestyle factors on diabetes risk are rare, particularly among older adults.
Fast Tree Search for A Triangular Lattice Model of Protein Folding
Authors: Xiaomei Li, Nengchao Wang
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2004)

Using a triangular lattice model to study the designability of protein folding, we overcame the parity problem of previous cubic lattice model and enumerated all the sequences and compact structures on a simple two-dimensional triangular lattice model of size 4+5+6+5+4. We used two types of amino acids, hydrophobic and polar, to make up the sequences, and achieved 2(23)+2(12) different sequences excluding the reverse symmetry sequences. The total string number of distinct compact structures was 219,093, excluding reflection symmetry in the self-avoiding path of length 24 triangular lattice model. Based on this model, we applied a fast search algorithm by constructing a cluster tree. The algorithm decreased the computation by computing the objective energy of non-leaf nodes. The parallel experiments proved that the fast tree search algorithm yielded an exponential speed-up in the model of size 4+5+6+5+4. Designability analysis was performed to understand the search result.
FDG-PET/CT in Primary Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Hard Palate
Authors: Dimitrios Kalkanis, Maria Kalkani, Hilton Gomes, Fabio Paes, Panagiotis Sideras, George N. Sfakianakis
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

An immunocompetent 78-year-old man with a remote history of Hodgkin disease was found to have a protrusion in the hard palate during routine dental care. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) combined with computed tomography (CT) was performed and demonstrated an intense hypermetabolic focus in the hard palate. Surgical biopsy of the lesion and further work-up with CT scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis were performed. The histopathology and immunohistochemistry findings were consistent with primary extranodal large B-cell lymphoma of the hard palate.
Abstract A16: Regulation of TRAIL and NF-kappaB pathways in ovarian cancer.
Authors: Mariam Anees, Umaima Batool, Sidra Bukhari, Sohail Yousaf
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Objective: The equilibrium between apoptotic and survival pathways determines the fate of cells. Dysregulation in any one mechanism often leads to cancer. The present study was designed to determine the crosstalk between TRAIL and NF-kappaB pathways through study of the much controversial role of DcR2 in the induction of NF-kappaB. Methodology: A total of 50 epithelial ovarian tissue samples were used for immunohistochemical staining of DcR2 and NF-kappaB (p65) proteins along with the other players of TRAIL pathway including DR4, DR5, DcR1, FLIP and TRAIL. Correlations were drawn and survival analysis was performed using Kaplan Meier's method. Results: A total of 72% ovarian carcinomas showed positive DR4 expression, 68% showed positive DR5 expression, 42% showed positive DcR1 expression, 48% showed positive DcR2 expression, 44% had positive FLIP expression, 46% had positive TRAIL expression in epithelium while 28% had positive TRAIL expression in stroma. NF-kappaB was positive in 46% of the tissue samples. A strong but non-significant correlation was seen between DcR2 and NF-kappaB expression. Interestingly a similar correlation was also found between DR4 and NF-kappaB expression. Survival analysis showed better survival for patients with positive NF-kappaB expression as compared to negative expression. Conclusion: Coexpression of DcR2 and NF-kappaB suggests a potential therapeutic approach of targeting NF-kappaB through TRAIL pathway by using anti-DcR2 antibodies. However, the study may be elaborated with increased sample size to get significant results. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Mariam Anees, Umaima Batool, Sidra Bukhari, Sohail Yousaf. Regulation of TRAIL and NF-kappaB pathways in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A16.
Immediate Closures and Violations Identified During Routine Inspections of Public Aquatic Facilities — Network for Aquatic Facility Inspection Surveillance, Five States, 2013
Authors: Michele C. Hlavsa, Taryn R. Gerth, Sarah A. Collier, Elizabeth L. Dunbar, Gouthami Rao, Gregory Epperson, Becky Bramlett, David F. Ludwig, Diana Gomez, Monty M. Stansbury, Freeman Miller, Jeffrey Warren, Jim Nichol, Harry Bowman, Bao-An Huynh, Kara M. Loewe, Bob Vincent, Amanda L. Tarrier, Timothy Shay, Robert Wright, Allison C. Brown, Jasen M. Kunz, Kathleen E. Fullerton, James R. Cope, Michael J. Beach
Journal: MMWR Surveillance Summaries (2016)

Problem/Condition: Aquatic facility-associated illness and injury in the United States include disease outbreaks of infectious or chemical etiology, drowning, and pool chemical-associated health events (e.g., respiratory distress or burns).These conditions affect persons of all ages, particularly young children, and can lead to disability or even death.A total of 650 aquatic facility-associated outbreaks have been reported to CDC for 1978-2012.During 1999-2010, drownings resulted in approximately 4,000 deaths each year in the United States.Drowning is the leading cause of injury deaths in children aged 1-4 years, and approximately half of fatal drownings in this age group occur in swimming pools.During 2003-2012, pool chemical-associated health events resulted in an estimated 3,000-5,000 visits to U.S. emergency departments each year, and approximately half of the patients were aged <18 years.In August 2014, CDC released the Model Aquatic Health Code (MAHC), national guidance that can be adopted voluntarily by state and local jurisdictions to minimize the risk for illness and injury at public aquatic facilities.
Prospective Evaluation of Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Resistance Among Patients with Endometrial Cancer and Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia
Authors: A. Mitsuhashi, S. Hanawa, N. Yamamoto, T. Uehara, K. Nishikimi, S. Tate, H. Usui, M. Shozu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Abstract ES5-2: Circulating tumor DNA analysis for liquid biopsies: Current status and future opportunities
Authors: M Diehn
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) represents a promising biomarker for sensitive, specific, and dynamic detection of disease burden in cancer patients. Additionally, ctDNA analysis allows non-invasive access to cancer genomes and therefore can be used for non-invasive tumor genotyping and monitoring of resistance mutations. In this presentation I will describe technical aspects of ctDNA detection and emerging clinical results from recent studies employing ctDNA analysis. Citation Format: Diehn M. Circulating tumor DNA analysis for liquid biopsies: Current status and future opportunities. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES5-2.
Trends in genital chlamydia infection in the Mid-West of Ireland, 2001-2006
Authors: D Whyte, J Powell, M Horgan, N O’Connell, R FitzGerald, R Monahan, T Greally
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2007)

Genital Chlamydia trachomatis (GCT) infection is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in Ireland. A retrospective analysis of 2,087 laboratory-confirmed GCT patient episodes from 2001 to 2006 in the Mid-West of Ireland was undertaken in conjunction with statutorily notifiable data that were reported by the Sexually Transmitted Disease/Genito-Urinary Medicine (STD/GUM) services in the region and used in national surveillance. Data were analysed by year, source, sex and age. The annual incidence of GCT in the Mid-West is increasing. A substantial proportion of GCT infections were diagnosed in the non-STD/GUM setting. The issue of sexually active young people seeking STI screening is a sensitive one, and delays increase the potential for transmission and the possibility of long-term complications when the disease is not treated. Based on this sample, national surveillance would significantly underestimate the burden of disease in Ireland, due to under-reporting. This would have implications for any national chlamydia screening programme. Among those who sought testing, women aged 15 to 19 years are five times more likely to be found positive than men in the same age group. Of those diagnosed in the non-STD/GUM setting, 83% were women. General practitioners and clinicians might consider targeting those aged 15 to 29 years for opportunistic screening and sexual health advice. Contact tracing and follow-up in the non-STD/GUM setting, as well as access for general practitioners to ongoing education on STIs are challenges to be addressed.
Abstract IA07: Targeting checkpoint signaling and DNA repair in ovarian cancer.
Authors: Larry M. Karnitz
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract DNA damage and replication stress activate the ATR-Chk1 checkpoint signaling pathway in which ATR phosphorylates multiple substrates including the kinase Chk1. The ATR-Chk1 signaling pathway regulates DNA repair and cell cycle arrest and promotes the survival of tumor cells exposed to genotoxic chemotherapies. Accordingly, the ATR-Chk1 pathway has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target to increase the antitumor activities of chemotherapy agents, and selective ATR and Chk1 inhibitors have been developed. However, it remains unclear whether ATR and Chk1 inhibition are equally effective with genotoxic chemotherapies that have different mechanisms of action. Here, we compared ATR versus Chk1 inhibition in ovarian cancer cells exposed to agents (cisplatin, topotecan, gemcitabine, and PARP inhibitor) with different mechanisms of action that are used to treat this disease. We found that Chk1 inhibition selectively sensitized to gemcitabine, whereas ATR inhibition broadly sensitized to all chemotherapy agents. Importantly, ATR inhibition also robustly sensitized to PARP inhibitors even in cells with defective HR. These findings suggest that combining ATR inhibitors with these chemotherapy agents may a viable therapeutic strategy in HR-proficient and-deficient tumors. Citation Format: Larry M. Karnitz. Targeting checkpoint signaling and DNA repair in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA07.
Authors’ reply to Thilagnathan
Authors: Joel G Ray, Emily Bartsch
Journal: BMJ (2016)

In response to Thilagnathan’s comments,1 our paper identified several single risk factors that confer enough risk to justify aspirin prophylaxis in pregnancy (http://bit.ly/27Gw8LQ).2 For other risk factors, we recommend that two or more need to be present, again, based on our recent study. Maternal age over 40 years requires the presence of a second risk factor because its number needed to prevent was greater than 250.

We agree that our systematic review could …