tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sentinel Node Detection and Definition May Depend on the Imaging Agent and Timing
Authors: IZZIE BOXEN, DAVID McCREADY, JAMES R. BALLINGER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Purpose: Two cases of sentinel lymph node imaging are presented in which the results are exceptions to what the literature generally defines as sentinel lymph nodes. In one case, Tc-99m antimony trisulfide colloid produced significantly different results than did Tc-99m tin colloid. In the second case, the results bring into question the definition of a sentinel node as the first in a lymphatic drainage pathway. Materials and Methods: In one patient, lymphoscintigraphy was performed initially using Tc-99m antimony trisulfide colloid injected intradermally around a melanoma excision site. Repeated lymphoscintigraphy 1 month later, 1 hour before sentinel node excision, was done using Tc-99m tin colloid, a larger particle than antimony trisulfide colloid. The second patient, with a melanoma biopsied only, had sentinel node imaging performed using Tc-99m sulfide colloid, a particulate also larger than antimony trisulfide colloid and also 1 hour before sentinel node excision. Results: In the first patient, imaging with the smaller antimony trisulfide colloid showed more lymphatic pathways and more sentinel nodes than with tin colloid. In the second patient, the first focus of retention of the imaging agent in the lymphatic pathway seen showed less intense accumulation than the next focus in the pathway, contrary to published reports that the sentinel node shows more intense accumulation than do nodes further downstream in a lymphatic pathway. Conclusions: There are exceptions to published characteristics of sentinel node lymphoscintigraphy, so care must be exercised in localizing sentinel nodes.
Changing Brain Metabolism Patterns in Patients With ANMDARE
Authors: Jing Yuan, Hongzhi Guan, Xiangqin Zhou, Na Niu, Fang Li, Liying Cui, Ruixue Cui
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

The aim of this study was to describe brain metabolic changing patterns demonstrated by serial brain FDG PET/CT scans and their relationship with the clinical course in patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis (ANMDARE).Eighteen serial PET scans of 8 patients with ANMDARE were reviewed. All the 18 PET scans were divided into 4 groups according to studies timing in different clinical course: group A, the acute and subacute phase; group B, early recovery phase; group C, recovery phase; and group D, relapsing phase. Antibody levels of ANMDARE of all these patients were tested at the same time. The PET images of each group were analyzed visually and also compared with 10 age- and sex-matched normal controls using voxel-wise statistical parametric mapping analysis (SPM5).Variable brain metabolic patterns and its association with the clinical course and the levels of NMDA antibody were demonstrated by FDG PET images. First, severe hypometabolism in bilateral occipital lobes and relatively mild hypermetabolism in the partial frontal and basal ganglia in acute and subacute phase, the level of antibody was high. Second, in early recovery phase when the symptoms was partially improved, extensive cortical hypometabolism was observed, and the level of antibody was low. Third, the patients in the recovery phase have no obvious neurological and psychiatric symptoms; PET images were nearly normal, and the antibodies tests were all negative, correspondingly. Fourth, 3 scans of relapsing phase presented heterogeneous brain metabolic abnormalities.There existed a specific serial brain metabolic changing pattern that correlated with the clinical course and antibody level in ANMDARE.
SP0033 Hereditary collagenopathies
Authors: J. Zwerina
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Mutations in collagen genes cause perturbances in the connective tissue according to the specific expression of the respective collagen. Several collagenopathies affect the musculoskeletal system therefore being important to rheumatologists. Type II collagen is key protein for articular cartilage integrity but is also present in the vitreous, the inner ear and the nucleus pulposus. Mutations in the type II collagen gene (COL2A1) have been identified in patients with various clinical syndromes and are now grouped together as type II collagenopathies. The most common type II collagenopathy is <i>Stickler syndrome type 1</i> caused by truncating mutations. Stickler Syndrome is characterized by short stature due to chondrodysplasia, distinct facial abnormalities (e.g. cleft palate, midfacial hypoplasia), ophthalmologic manifestations (e.g. myopia, cataract), sensineural hearing loss as well as spinal manifestations (scoliosis, platyspondyly). Premature osteoarthritis (OA) is typically present in type II collagenopathies. Localization, severity and disease onset in these patients vary according to the disease-causing mutation. OA is usually rapidly progressive frequently necessitating joint replacement surgery. Extra-articular features such as sensineural hearing loss may be absent or clinically mild. Considering the inheritance of the mutation, early identification enables lifestyle modification while causal treatment is unfortunately currently not available. Moreover, a correct diagnosis allows genetic counselling for these usually autosomal- dominant inherited syndromes. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
P703NO synthetic pathway and oxidative stress in microvascular angina: assessment in red blood cells and plasma
Authors: B Porro, S Eligini, F Veglia, A Lualdi, I Squellerio, S Fiorelli, JP Werba, E Tremoli, V Cavalca
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

A decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and an increased oxidative stress play a pivotal role in different cardiovascular pathologies. Recent studies have shown that red blood cells (RBCs) participate in NO formation in the bloodstream. The aim of this study was to outline the metabolic profile of L-arginine (Arg)/NO pathway and of oxidative stress status in RBCs and in plasma of patients with microvascular angina (MVA), investigating similarities and differences with respect to coronary artery disease (CAD) patients or healthy controls (Ctrl). We determined substrate, products (Arg, L-citrulline and L-ornithine) and inhibitors (asymmetric- and symmetric dimethylarginine and monomethylarginine) of NO synthesis in parallel to reduced and oxidized form of glutathione. MVA patients show alterations in the ability of RBCs to produce NO, based on an increase of NO synthesis inhibitors parallel to that found in plasma and a reduction of NO synthase expression. When summary scores of NO synthesis and oxidative stress were computed, both patient groups were associated with a positive score and a negative NO score. This finding points out to an impairement of the capacity of RBCs to produce NO in a pathological condition characterized mostly by alterations at the microvascular bed with no significant coronary stenosis. Open in new tabDownload slide
Determinants of sensitivity to the EGFR TK inhibitor erlotinib (E) in a panel of NSCLC cell lines
Authors: R. Perez-Soler, B. Piperdi, M. Haigentz, Y.-H. Ling
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

7026 Background: E has shown antitumor activity in patients with NSCLC as second/third line therapy. We studied the determinants of sensitivity to E in a panel of 9 human NSCLC cell lines. Methods: NSCLC cell lines: H23, H322, H358, H460, H522, A549, H596, H661, and H1299. Cytotoxicity determined by MTT assay after exposure to E for 72 hours. Effects of E on cell cycle analyzed by flow cytometry. Expression of the activated upstream and downstream elements of the EGFR pathway (EGFR, ERK1/2, AKT, and STAT-3) at baseline and after stimulation with EGF determined by western blot analysis. Results: Two cell lines, H322 and H358, were highly sensitive to E (IC 50 1.04 and 1.46 uM) and both expressed EGFR. The other cell lines were resistant to E (IC50 11.2–33.4 uM) but 5 of them expressed EGFR. E induced G1/S blockade in all E-sensitive cell lines and to a much lesser degree in E-resistant cell lines. Baseline and post E-therapy expression of total and activated EGFR, AKT, ERK1/2 and STAT-3 were analyzed in the two E-sensitive cell lines and 4 EGFR-positive, E-resistant cell lines (H460, A549, H596, and H1299). There were no differences in baseline expression of P-EGFR between E-sensitive and E-resistant cell lines. Baseline expression of P-ERK1/2, P-AKT, and P-STAT-3 was undetectable or low in E-sensitive cell lines. In contrast, it was high in 3 of 4, 2 of 4, and 4 of 4 E-resistant cell lines, respectively. Induction of P-EGFR, P-ERK1/2, P-AKT, and P-STAT-3 by EGF was observed in all E-sensitive and E-resistant cell lines and was effectively inhibited by E in most cell lines, independently of baseline sensitivity to E. Conclusions: A minority of NSCLC cell lines show enhanced sensitivity to E, in concordance with the observed clinical activity of E. P-EGFR is not a clear determinant of sensitivity to E. Resistance to E is associated with enhanced baseline expression of P-ERK 1/2, P-AKT, and P-STAT-3 in some but not all cell lines. EGFR-independent activation of downstream elements of the EGFR pathway may be a common mechanism of clinical resistance to E. Supported by NIH CA 91784 and OSI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration OSI Pharmaceuticals OSI Pharmaceuticals OSI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. NIH; OSI Pharmaceuticals
Abstract 4018: Whole exome sequencing analysis of familial Medulloblastoma.
Authors: Mark M. Sasaki, Andrew D. Skol, Trevor J. Pugh, Matthew Meyerson, Kenan Onel
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain cancer in children. Although MB can be categorized into four distinct subtypes, the underlying genetic changes required to promote MB remain unclear. We performed whole exome sequencing was performed on germ-line DNA from two affected cousins who were diagnosed at similar ages with classic WNT subtype MB, and their unaffected mothers, who are full sisters. We found cousins to be homozygous for a variant in a gene regulating WNT-signaling (variant 1), while their mothers were heterozygous. In a mouse model of WNT-type MB, incomplete penetrance and the requirement for inactivation of TP53 were observed. We, therefore, hypothesized that a deleterious mutation in the TP53 pathway may be present. Indeed, we found a single copy of a novel mutation in a regulator of TP53 shared between the affected cousins (variant 2). This allele segregated through the cousins’ maternal line as evidenced by both mothers being heterozygous for this allele. Finally, we identified a common homozygous variant in a gene involved in promoting RAS-mediated cell proliferation (variant 3). We found that mutations in the genes of variants 1 and 3 have been previously reported to be involved in sporadic MB, suggesting that what we observe in this family translates to sporadic disease. Thus, our model for MB development is that of a threshold effect in which combinations of both familial and common variants interact to increase susceptibility. We hypothesize that this model with incomplete penetrance may underlie cancer susceptibility in many families with apparent cancer predisposition syndromes but in whom no causative mutation has been identified. We also hypothesize that this multi-gene model with incomplete penetrance may also explain a proportion of apparently sporadic cases of cancer. This work underscores the advantages of analyzing sequence data from multiple well-chosen affected and unaffected individuals in well-chosen families for gene discovery in cancer and other complex diseases. It also puts forth a new model for analysis, incorporating both agnostic and hypothesis driven models using data from the literature and complementary datasets. Citation Format: Mark M. Sasaki, Andrew D. Skol, Trevor J. Pugh, Matthew Meyerson, Kenan Onel. Whole exome sequencing analysis of familial Medulloblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4018. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4018
Abstract 131: Mechanisms by which 2,3’, 4,5’ tetramethoxystilbene (TMS), a resveratrol derivative, induces death in breast cancer cells
Authors: Sarah E. Aiyar, Richard J. Santen, Hoyong Park, Paula B. Aldo, Gil Mor
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We have examined a non-toxic pro-apoptotic agent, TMS (2, 3’,4, 5’ tetramethoxystilbene), which belongs to the Resveratrol family of stilbenes. To learn about the mechanism by which TMS achieved its effects we carried out microarray analysis and found that TMS treatment increased tubulin genes as well as stress response and pro-apoptotic genes. Fractionation studies uncovered that TMS treatment causes cleavage of Bax from the p21 form to a truncated p18 form. Co-localization analysis of immunofluorescent studies showed that Bax moved from the cytosol to the mitochondria. In addition, the pro-apoptotic proteins Noxa and Bim (EL, L, and S) were increased upon TMS treatment. Breast cancer cell lines reduced for Bax, Bim and Noxa are compromised for TMS-mediated cell death. Transmission electron microscopy revealed evidence of nuclear condensation, formation of apoptotic bodies and DAPI staining showed evidence of DNA fragmentation. TMS treatment was able to induce both caspase-independent and caspase-dependent death via the intrinsic death pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 131.
Coronavirus will spread as long as natural host is unknown, say scientists
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

An emergency meeting of the World Health Organization in Cairo on 19 June has urged closer worldwide cooperation to combat the Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus that has claimed 39 lives in eight countries,1 2 3 4 as fear grows that the upcoming Hajj to Mecca could spread the disease around the world.

“Fast and complete reporting of cases, with contact histories, clinical care and treatment outcomes in as much detail as possible, and collected in a uniform manner across countries, is necessary,” said a statement issued after the WHO meeting.

Meanwhile an international team of experts who tracked the path of contagion in Saudi Arabia has issued a report on the virus’s clinical features in the New England Journal of Medicine .5

Their report documents the first 23 cases in the outbreak in four hospitals in the eastern Saudi governorate of Al-Hasa. It noted striking similarities to the coronavirus that caused severe …
Tips for a Physician in Getting the Right Job, Part VIII
Authors: Jay A. Harolds
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

The applicant for an administrative position may be asked situational and stress questions on an interview. Some possible questions and answers for these types of queries are included in this article. In addition, the candidate may be required to answer some odd or unusual questions to test his/her ability to be creative or respond to an unexpected question. Some suggestions regarding those queries are also given in this article.
Chondrocostal osteitis: an uncommon complication of gastrostomy tube placement
Authors: B. Davido, C. Rouzaud, M. Hanachi, P. De Truchis, A. Dinh, C. Perronne
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and percutaneous radiologically guided gastrostomy (PRG) can lead to infectious complications [1]. We report the first case of chondrocostal osteitis due to gastrostomy tube placement.
Significance of the prognostic stratification of extranodal extension in colorectal cancer
Authors: C. Luchini, A. Nottegar, A. Pea, M. Solmi, B. Stubbs, P. Capelli, G. Sergi, E. Manzato, M. Fassan, L.D. Wood, A. Scarpa, N. Veronese
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
AB0169 Type of rheumatology practice is an important determinant of treatment delay in flanders
Authors: D. De Cock, S. Meyfroidt, J. Joly, K. Van der Elst, R. Westhovens, P. Verschueren
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The time between symptom onset and treatment initiation is determined by patient-, disease- and physician-related factors but also by differences in healthcare organization and referral pathways across various countries. <h3>Objectives</h3> To explore the importance of the type of rheumatology practice on the duration of different types of delay. <h3>Methods</h3> 156 DMARD naive early RA patients were included from eight practices across Flanders: 1 academic hospital, 5 general hospitals and 2 private practices. 8 different types of delay were defined from symptom onset untill treatment initiation. Information on the duration of each stage of delay was collected from the patients, their general practitioner (GP) and patient files at the practice. Patient/GP demographics and disease activity/severity parameters were registered. <h3>Results</h3> Median total delay in Flemish private rheumatology practices was shorter compared to academic and general hospitals(p&lt;0,001). Total delay was significantly different between an academic hospital and a private practice (p&lt;0,001). However, only patient delay from all the different sub-stages of delay between symptom onset and treatment, was longer, albeit at borderline significance (p= 0,051). A general hospital displayed a significantly longer patient delay according to the GP, but also a more important total rheumatologist delay and total delay compared to a private practice (p=0,041, p=0,025 and p=0,005). In absolute numbers, patient delay can be seen as the cause of longer delays in academic and general hospitals compared to private practices. At treatment initiation, the physician global assessment score was higher in patients from private practices (p=0,022) compared to the other two settings. The total tender joint count and presence of comorbidities was higher in patients from academic hospitals (p= 0,032 and p=0,023) compared to the other two settings. In general hospitals, less patients with the presence of ACPA and less patients suffering from morning stiffness (p=0,005 and p=0,016) were seen compared to the other two settings. <h3>Image/graph</h3> <h3>Conclusions</h3> The type of rheumatology center seems a pivotal determinant of treatment delay in Flanders. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Characterization of epithelial subtypes of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas with endoscopic ultrasound and cyst fluid analysis
Authors: Won Yoon, Ebubekir Daglilar, Mari Mino-Kenudson, Vicente Morales-Oyarvide, Martha Pitman, William Brugge
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) consists of four epithelial subtypes. There are limited data on the endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) findings and/or cyst fluid analysis of the epithelial subtypes. The objective of this study was to determine whether there are differences in EUS and cyst fluid characteristics (carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA] concentration and cytology) among the subtypes. <b>Patients and methods:</b> The study cohort consisted of 85 patients (median age 68 years, 40 men) with resected and histologically confirmed branch-duct or mixed-type IPMNs who underwent preoperative EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration between 1999 and 2010 for the evaluation of pancreatic cysts. EUS and cyst fluid characteristics were analyzed retrospectively and correlated with the subtypes. <b>Results:</b> The numbers of evaluated cystic lesions were 1 in 79 patients, 2 in 5 patients, and 3 in 1 patient. Of 92 IPMNs analyzed, gastric-type IPMNs were the most common (n = 68, 73.9 %), followed by intestinal (n = 17, 18.5 %), oncocytic (n = 5, 5.4 %), and pancreatobiliary subtypes (n = 2, 2.2 %). Gastric-type IPMNs were significantly smaller (cutoff 30 mm; <i>P</i> = 0.002), and less likely than other subtypes to have a mass lesion or mural nodule (<i>P</i> = 0.046) on EUS. Cyst fluid CEA concentration varied among the subtypes (median concentrations for gastric, intestinal, oncocytic, and pancreatobiliary types 619.8, 83.0, 5.1, and 270.0 ng/mL, respectively; <i>P</i> = 0.012). The presence of neoplastic epithelial cells (<i>P</i> = 0.624) and extracellular mucin (<i>P</i> = 0.208) on cytology had no association with subtypes. <b>Conclusions: </b>Gastric-type IPMNs, the most common subtype, are characterized by high concentrations of cyst fluid CEA, small cyst diameter, and low risk EUS imaging features.
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Monoclonal Antibody against the Interleukin-2 Receptor (33B3.1) as Compared with Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin for Prophylaxis against Rejection of Renal Allografts
Authors: Jean-Paul Soulillou, Diego Cantarovich, Brigitte Le Mauff, Magali Giral, Nelly Robillard, Maryvonne Hourmant, Michel Hirn, Yannick Jacques
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Interleukin-2 is a major growth factor for activated T lymphocytes, and antibodies reacting with the Tac-chain component of the interleukin-2 receptor can prevent allograft rejection in animals. Because Tac chains are expressed only on a small fraction of activated lymphocytes, monoclonal antibodies against the interleukin-2 receptor may offer a more specific means of immunosuppression than polyclonal antilymphocyte globulin in prophylaxis against graft rejection. Therefore, we compared the immunosuppressive effect of 33B3.1, a rat monoclonal antibody against the human Tac chain, with the effect of a rabbit polyclonal antithymocyte globulin in a randomized study of 100 recipients of first renal transplants.
Case 4-2016
Authors: Meridale V. Baggett, R. Gilberto Gonzalez, Roby P. Bhattacharyya, Michael A. Mahowald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

A 58-year-old woman presented during the summer with fever, neck swelling, and an ulcerated lesion on the forehead. Imaging of the neck showed enlarged, centrally hypodense lymph nodes with infiltration of the surrounding fat. Tests were performed, and a diagnosis was made.