tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PWE-180 Dietary magnesium, calcium:magnesium ratio and risk of reflux oesophagitis, barrett’s oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Q Dai, MM Cantwell, LJ Murray, W Zheng, LA Anderson, HG Coleman
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Recent evidence suggests a role for magnesium, and the ratio of calcium-to-magnesium, intake in the prevention of colonic carcinogenesis. However, the association between these nutrients and oesophageal adenocarcinoma has yet to be explored. The aim of this investigation was to explore the association between the intake of magnesium and related nutrients and the risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma and its pre-cursor conditions, Barrett’s oesophagus and reflux oesophagitis. <h3>Method</h3> This analysis included cases of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 2 n = 218), Barrett’s oesophagus (n = 2 n = 212), reflux oesophagitis (n = 2 n = 208) and population-based controls (n = 2 n = 252) recruited between 2002 and 2005 throughout the island of Ireland. All subjects completed a 101-item food frequency questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was applied to determine odds of disease according to the dietary intakes of magnesium, calcium, and the resulting calcium:magnesium ratio. <h3>Results</h3> After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals consuming the highest magnesium intakes from foods had significant reductions in the odds of reflux oesophagitis (OR 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11–0.87) and Barrett’s oesophagus (OR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.12–0.71) compared with individuals consuming the lowest magnesium intakes. The protective effect of magnesium was more apparent in the context of a low calcium:magnesium intake ratio. No significant associations were observed for magnesium intake and oesophageal adenocarcinoma risk (OR 0.77, 95% CI: 0.30–1.99 comparing the highest and lowest tertiles of consumption). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Dietary magnesium intakes were inversely associated with reflux oesophagitis and Barrett’s oesophagus risk in this Irish population, suggesting a chemopreventive role for magnesium in the earlier stages of the inflammation-metaplasia-adenocarcinoma pathway. Further observational studies are needed to determine if dietary interventions are warranted. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Which Comes First—Renal Dysfunction or High Blood Pressure?
Authors: Hsu CY, McCulloch CE, Darbinian J, Go AS, Iribarren C
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

It had been known since the early days of Franz Volhard ([1][1]) and Arthur Fishberg ([2][2]) that renal disease and renal failure occur commonly in hypertensive patients. In the study of Perera ([3][3]), at a time when antihypertensive medication had not yet become available, a large proportion of
The Analgesic Effect of Dromoran Hydrobromide (3-hydroxy-N-methyl Morphinan Hydrobromide) in Postoperative Pain
Authors: Erik Keutmann, Francis F. Foldes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

A new synthetic morphine analogue, Dromoran Hydrobromide, § has recently been introduced into clinical medicine. The chemical formula of Dromoran Hydrobromide is 3-hydroxy-N-methyl morphinan hydrobromide. For the sake of brevity, the compound will be referred to hereinafter as "Dromoran." It was synthesized by Schnider and Grüssner1 in the laboratories of the Hoffmann–La Roche Company in Switzerland, and its pharmacologic properties were studied by Randall and Lehmann.2 The analgesic effect of Dromoran in man was studied by Junkerman, Heen and Pohle,3 Tidrick and others,4 Gross and others,5 Zager and others6 and Curreri, Gale and Dickie.7 Zager and others6 and Lee and Hasegawa . . .
110P: Predictive and prognostic role of T-regulatory cells in resected non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: F. Kose, A. Findikcioglu, T. Canpolat, A.M. Sedef, A. Besen, H. Mertsoylu, O. Ozyilkan, H. Abali
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)
Cardiovascular Disturbances and Their Management in Modified Electrotherapy for Psychiatric Illness
Authors: William Hall Lewis, D. Jeanne Richardson, Lawrence H. Gahagan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

CARDIOVASCULAR strain produced in psychiatric electrotherapy (electroconvulsive therapy) is largely manifested by marked paroxysmal rises in the arterial and venous pressures and by disturbances in the initiation and conduction of the cardiac impulse.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 These disturbances, which may result in death, have tended to limit the use of this treatment in elderly and frail patients, and in those with cardiovascular disease.There is substantial evidence that the leading cause of death in electrotherapy is failure in the cardiovascular system and also that the risk of death is greatly increased in older patients. This has been best presented in the authoritative report . . .
Evaluation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymph node metastases: Implications for EGFR targeted therapy
Authors: Y. Huang, T. Y. Lin, T. X. Lu, R. Z. Luo, S. Niraula, J. H. He
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

16510 Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression is proved to be an independent predictor of poor clinical outcome in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC). Expression level of EGFR is also important for EGFR-Targeted therapy but yet unexplored in the primary NPC tumors and lymph node metastases. Aim of this study was to correlate EGFR expression levels in primary tumors and lymph node metastases in NPC to find out whether assessing EGFR status on primary cancer is an effective tool for planning EGFR targeted therapy. Methods: Archived tissue samples of primary tumor and corresponding lymph node metastases of 86 NPC patients (67 males, 19 females; median age = 52 years) diagnosed between 1997 and 2006 were collected from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. Immunohistochemical evaluation of EGFR expression in primary tumors and related lymph node metastasis was performed. According to the UICC 2002 staging system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, stages Iib, III, IVa, IVb and IVc included 43, 11, 3, 27 and 2 cases respectively. Cervical and supraclavicular lymph nodes were taken in 66 (76.7%) and 20 patients (23.3%) respectively. EGFR status was defined as positive if the percentage of malignant cells stained were =1%. The SPSS 10.0 system was used for statistical analysis and Chi- square test was used to assess the correlation between the EGFR expression in the primary and metastatic tumors. Results: EGFR status was positive in 63 primary tumors (73.2%) and 52 metastatic lymph nodes(60.5%). In 18 EGFR expressing primary tumors (28.6%), the corresponding metastatic lymph node site was negative whereas it was found positive in 7 metastic lymph node (13.5%) of EGFR-negative primary tumors. The difference between these two groups (ie, EGFR-positive to EGFR-negative vs. EGFR-negative to EGFR-positive) was statistically significant (P=0.001). Conclusions: High levels of EGFR protein are frequently observed in NPC and represent potential therapeutic target. However, equivalent expression is not displayed by metastatic nodes, which may limit the effectiveness of anti- EGFR treatment in advanced diseases. These findings have to be considered in future prospective studies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The Oral Use of Fat Emulsions in Clinical Medicine
Authors: Milton Shoshkes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

CLINICIANS have long been interested in the adequate nutrition of their patients. Illnesses involve the whole patient rather than isolated systems, and general nonspecific therapeutic measures must frequently be added in the treatment of the whole patient as well as the specific clinical condition. Anorexia is a common complaint in illness, leading to inadequate caloric intake that may be of prolonged duration. In a prolonged caloric deficiency, ingested proteins are deaminated and metabolized directly for their caloric content rather than made available for protoplasmic regeneration. Thus, if caloric equilibrium is not attained, even supplemental protein feedings are used as expensive . . .
Amino Acid-Based Diet Induces Histological Remission, Reduces Clinical Symptoms and Restores Esophageal Mucosal Integrity in Adult Eosinophilic Esophagitis Patients
Authors: Marijn J. Warners, Berber J. Vlieg-Boerstra, Joanne Verheij, Marleen T.J. Van Ampting, Lucien F. Harthoorn, Wouter J. de Jonge, Andreas J.P.M. Smout, Albert J. Bredenoord
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Metalloenzymes and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: S. J. Adelstein, T. L. Coombs, B. L. Vallee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

ALTHOUGH 90 per cent or more of the copper content of normal human blood serum can be accounted for by the metalloenzyme, ceruloplasmin, few studies concerning the variability of this protein with changes in serum copper concentration are available. Variation of serum oxidase activity in proportion to the copper content has been shown in leukemia and polyarthritis and in the neonatal period.1 Enzymatic and immunologic technics indicate the existence of a linear relation between the serum copper and ceruloplasmin and oxidase activity in pregnancy, infection and the nephrotic syndrome.2 In Wilson's disease, a disproportionate decrease of serum copper concentration and . . .
Patent Ductus Arteriosus with Reversal of Flow
Authors: Alvin J. Gordon, Ephraim Donoso, Leslie A. Kuhn, Mark M. Ravitch, Aaron Himmelstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

SHOULD closure of a patent ductus arteriosus with reversal of flow be attempted? If so, how can the high surgical mortality hitherto reported1 2 3 be reduced? An attempt is made to answer these questions on the basis of a case of this syndrome in which records were available from the age of ten years to death during operation at the age of twenty-five.Case ReportIn 1938 a 10-year-old girl came under the observation of Dr. Ernst Boas. We are indebted to him for the findings presented below. At the age of six months an enlarged heart had been found on . . .
Case 34-1992
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, L.A. Specht, A.C. McKee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Presentation of CaseA 14 1/2-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital because of progressive muscle weakness. The child was born of a full-term, normal pregnancy by cesarean section. His early development was believed to be normal. He was able to run at an early age but walked on tiptoes with the toes turned medially; the latter problem was corrected by his wearing orthopedic braces for four years. At about the same time he began to have weakness on arising from a seated position. The boy was clumsy at sports while in elementary school. When he was 12 years of . . .
Canine Transmissible Venereal Sarcoma: Quantitation of T-Lymphocyte Subpopulations During Progressive Growth and Spontaneous Tumor Regression&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: P A Trail, T J Yang
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

The levels of T-lymphocyte subpopulations expressing IgMFc and IgGFc receptors (i.e., T mu lymphocytes and T gamma lymphocytes, respectively) were quantitated for T-lymphocytes obtained from peripheral blood, draining and nondraining lymph nodes, and the tumor mass during progressive growth and spontaneous regression of the canine transmissible venereal sarcoma. Analysis of the T-lymphocyte subpopulations in these lymphoid compartments demonstrated that distinct profiles of T mu and T gamma lymphocytes correlated respectively with the growth and regression statuses of the tumor. The percent of T gamma lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of dogs with progressing, steady-state, and late-regressing tumors was significantly increased over that of control dogs (P less than .05, P less than .001, and P less than .001, respectively) and over that of dogs with early-regressing tumors (P less than .05, P less than .01, and P less than .02, respectively). The percent of T gamma lymphocytes in the lymph nodes draining the tumor was observed to have a significant increase in dogs with progressing (P less than .01), steady-state (P less than .01), and late-regressing (P less than .001) tumors compared with that in control dogs. The percentage of T gamma lymphocytes was observed to have a significant increase in the nondraining lymph nodes of dogs with steady-state and late-regressing tumors compared with that of control dogs (P less than .01 and P less than .002, respectively) and that of dogs with progressing tumors (P less than .001 and P less than .0005, respectively). The percent of tumor-infiltrating T gamma lymphocytes was lowest in tumors that were growing progressively. A significant increase in T gamma lymphocytes was observed in steady-state (P less than .05), early-regressing (P less than .001), and late-regressing (P less than .05) tumors. Early-regressing tumors contained significantly (P less than .005) greater levels of T gamma lymphocytes than did late-regressing tumors.
Physicians' adherence to guideline‐recommended medications in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: data from the <scp>QUALIFY</scp> global survey
Authors: Michel Komajda, Stefan D. Anker, Martin R. Cowie, Gerasimos S. Filippatos, Bastian Mengelle, Piotr Ponikowski, Luigi Tavazzi
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2016)
Evaluation of the Kveim Reaction as a Diagnostic Test for Sarcoidosis
Authors: James G. Hirsch, Zanvil A. Cohn, Stephen I. Morse, Russell W. Schaedler, Louis E. Siltzbach, John T. Ellis, Merrill W. Chase
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

IN 1941 Kveim1 described a new skin reaction in which the intracutaneous injection of a homogenate of human sarcoidal tissue led to the formation of a nodule at the test site over the course of several weeks in patients with sarcoidosis, but not in normal subjects or persons with other diseases.Numerous investigators have subsequently studied this reaction, and most of them have supported the claim of its specificity for sarcoidosis.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 However, the dissenting opinion of one group of workers tended to cast some doubt on the validity of the Kveim test.11 , 12 This communication presents the results of a Cooperative . . .
Abstract 1899: Anti-skin tumor promoting effects of pentacyclic triterpenes found in Perilla frutescens
Authors: Jiyoon Cho, Okkyung Rho, Jacob Junco, Thomas J. Slaga, Andrew M. Camelio, Dionicio Siegel, John DiGiovanni
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract In this study, we conducted a comprehensive examination of a series of pentacyclic tritperpenes found in P. frutescens, including ursolic acid (UA) oleanolic acid (OA), augustic acid (AA), corosolic acid (CA), 3-epi-corosolic acid (3-epiCA), maslinic acid (MA), and 3-epi-maslinic acid (3-epiMA) for their effects on epidermal cell signaling, proliferation, and skin inflammation in relation to their ability to inhibit skin tumor promotion by TPA. For these experiments, female ICR mice (7-9 weeks of age) were treated with either acetone or 2 μmol of UA, OA, AA, CA, 3-epiCA, MA, or 3-epiMA 30 min prior to TPA (6.8 nmol) treatment The treatment protocol involved twice weekly treatments over a two week period. Mouse epidermis (6 hr time point) and whole skin (48 hr time point) were collected for Western blot analysis and histological analysis, respectively. Pretreatment with these compounds inhibited the activation of JNK1/2, Src, and Stat3 as well as the induction of Cox-2 protein. Pretreatment with the compounds also reversed the effect of TPA on PDCD4 and p27, and increased the activation of AMPK and LKB1. We also examined the effect of the compounds on TPA-induced epidermal hyperproliferation as assessed by epidermal thickness and epidermal labeling index (LI). All of the compounds examined significantly inhibited TPA-induced epidermal hyperproliferation (significant reductions in both epidermal thickness and LI). In addition, the effect of the triterpenes on TPA-induced infiltration of mast cells in dermis was evaluated. UA significantly inhibited the infiltration of dermal mast cells induced by TPA. Notably, OA, AA, CA, 3-epiCA, MA, and 3-epiMA produced a greater inhibitory effect than that seen with UA on the number of infiltrated mast cells. Thus, UA and a series of related triterpenes differentially inhibited multiple signaling pathways, epidermal hyperproliferation, and a marker of skin inflammation (infiltrated mast cells) induced by TPA. Several of the compounds including CA, 3-epiCA, MA, and 3-epiMA were particularly effective in these experiments. We are currently testing the ability of this group of compounds to inhibit skin tumor promotion by TPA in a two-stage skin carcinogenesis experiment. Collectively, the current data suggest that several pentacyclic triterpenes, in addition to UA, may have potent chemopreventive activity. Research supported by CA164159. Citation Format: Jiyoon Cho, Okkyung Rho, Jacob Junco, Thomas J. Slaga, Andrew M. Camelio, Dionicio Siegel, John DiGiovanni. Anti-skin tumor promoting effects of pentacyclic triterpenes found in Perilla frutescens. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1899. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1899
Recurrent Regional Ileitis after Ileostomy and Colectomy for Granulomatous Colitis
Authors: Burton I. Korelitz, Daniel H. Present, Laurence I. Alpert, Richard H. Marshak, Henry D. Janowitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

In 31 patients clinical, radiographic and pathological evidence of recurrent regional enteritis developed after ileostomy and colectomy for granulomatous colitis (Crohn's disease of the colon). These represent at least 46 per cent of all cases of granulomatous colitis treated by ileostomy and colectomy at our institution. Eight required multiple operations, and six had severe nutritional deficits. This high rate of recurrent disease and its frequently serious clinical course contrast with recent claims that such consequences are infrequent. Our observations further underline the need for continued separation of the varieties of inflammatory bowel diseases.
P103 Clinical utility of myocardial perfusion imaging in liver transplant assessment patients
Authors: J Leithead, K Kandiah, R Steeds, J W Ferguson
Journal: Gut (2010)

Introduction  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is associated with increased short-term morbidity and mortality following liver transplantation. As a result, the AASLD recommends that high risk individuals should undergo CAD evaluation during transplant assessment. However, CAD is often subclinical in these patients and remains a diagnostic challenge. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a sensitive predictor of CAD in non liver populations but its clinical utility in this setting remains unclear.  Aim  To determine if routine MPI in “high risk” liver transplant assessment patients influences the listing decision, and to determine if a positive MPI identifies patients at risk of an early cardiac event (CE) post transplant.  Method  Retrospective study of 623 patients assessed for elective liver transplantation 01/2007–03/2010. The local criteria for CAD evaluation with MPI are; known or history suggestive of CAD, diabetes, smoking history, and peripheral/carotid vascular disease. A CE was defined as myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, cardiogenic pulmonary oedema or complete heart block (Lee  et al  1999) by 90-days post transplant.  Results  One hundred and six patients (17%) underwent MPI. 7, 96 and 3 patients had a positive, low risk and indeterminate scan, respectively. The mode of cardiac stress induction did not influence the likelihood of a positive MPI (adenosine 5/76, dobutamine 0/7, exercise 2/20, p=0.657). The only patient factor predictive of a positive scan was known CAD (OR 24.2;95% CI 4.1 to 143.0, p  Conclusion  MPI is not a clinically useful tool in patients undergoing liver transplant assessment.
Mosaicism in Tuberous Sclerosis as a Potential Cause of the Failure of Molecular Diagnosis
Authors: Jolanta Kwiatkowska, Jadwiga Wigowska-Sowinska, Dobrawa Napierala, Ryszard Slomski, David J. Kwiatkowski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Mosaicism is the phenomenon in which a fraction of, rather than all, germ-line and somatic cells contain a mutation or chromosomal abnormality. It occurs in all genetic disorders in which spontaneous mutations occur and has important clinical consequences for the assessment of patients with localized expression of multisystem disorders, for genetic counseling, and for molecular diagnostic testing.1,2 Tuberous sclerosis is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the development of unusual tumor-like growths (hamartomas) in multiple organs.3,4 Arguably the most important hamartomas are cerebral cortical tubers, which are regions of abnormal cortical architecture with distinctive large neuronal cells. Cortical . . .
Phase II study of carboplatin/pemetrexed/bevacizumab followed by bev/erlotinib maintenance for non-squamous NSCLC with WT EGFR
Authors: Masahiro Watanabe, Taichi Takashina, Hajime Asahina, Toraji Amano, Hiroshi Yokouchi, Kei Takamura, Toshiyuki Harada, Osamu Honjo, Naoto Morikawa, Ichiro Kinoshita
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
The penicillin teapot
Authors: Mary N Finlay
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Almost exactly 60 years ago, on 1 June 1946, penicillin first became available to general practitioners. I remember it well. Previously penicillin had been available only to hospitals and the armed forces, so we were eager to have a chance to use it.

At that time I was the assistant in a general practice in North Berwick. On 1 June my “chief,” Dr Mallace, suggested that I prescribe penicillin for one of our patients, a middle aged single woman with severe bronchiectasis. She was confined to bed and had not improved with sulphonamides or postural drainage. The prognosis was bleak, not only for her but for her resident staff: her chauffeur, gardener, and housekeeper were all dependent on her survival.

A course of oral penicillin had remarkable results. Her symptoms improved, and she was gradually able to return to her previous lifestyle. We were amazed and delighted to see the transformation. She was extremely grateful for the dramatic improvement in her condition—so grateful that the following year she gave me a silver tea service as a wedding present. By then, she was able to sit in her beautifully tended garden, her housekeeper busy in the kitchen, and her chauffeur back on the road. Her wedding gift, “the penicillin teapot” as my family call it, is still in use—a daily reminder of 1 June 1946.
Malignant Lymphoma in Papua New Guinea: Epidemiologic Aspects&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: P. Correa, G. T. O'Conor, I. S. Wilkey, M.B.B.S., F.R.C.P.A.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Papua New Guinea is a developing country from which morbidity and mortality data are limited. It has a relatively high incidence of Burkitt's lymphoma, particularly in coastal areas and lowlands of the mainland which are areas with high malarial endemicity. West Irian and the British Solomon Islands Protectorate also seem to have a high frequency of Burkitt's lymphoma. There appear to be differences in the incidences of lymphomas of all types in the Highland, Lowland, and Island areas of Papua New Guinea. These differences seem to be too great to be explained by differential reporting or by different age compositions of the population, but the numbers of cases are not yet sufficient for these observations to be considered established. Leukemia and myeloma are relatively uncommon and are briefly reviewed. The unusually high frequency of amyloidosis in this population is briefly discussed.