tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
World Health Organization Guidelines for Containment of Poliovirus Following Type-Specific Polio Eradication — Worldwide, 2015
Authors: Nicoletta Previsani, Rudolph H. Tangermann, Graham Tallis, Hamid S. Jafari
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015)

In 1988, the World Health Assembly of the World Health Organization (WHO) resolved to eradicate polio worldwide. Among the three wild poliovirus (WPV) types (type 1, type 2, and type 3), WPV type 2 (WPV2) has been eliminated in the wild since 1999, and WPV type 3 (WPV3) has not been reported since 2012. In 2015, only Afghanistan and Pakistan have reported WPV transmission. On May 25, 2015, all WHO Member States endorsed World Health Assembly resolution 68.3 on full implementation of the Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018 (the Endgame Plan), and with it, the third Global Action Plan to minimize poliovirus facility-associated risk (GAPIII). All WHO Member States have committed to implementing appropriate containment of WPV2 in essential laboratory and vaccine production facilities* by the end of 2015 and of type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV2) within 3 months of global withdrawal of OPV2, which is planned for April 2016. This report summarizes critical steps for essential laboratory and vaccine production facilities that intend to retain materials confirmed to contain or potentially containing type-specific WPV, vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV), or OPV/Sabin viruses, and steps for nonessential facilities† that process specimens that contain or might contain polioviruses. National authorities will need to certify that the essential facilities they host meet the containment requirements described in GAPIII. After certification of WPV eradication, the use of all OPV will cease; final containment of all polioviruses after polio eradication and OPV cessation will minimize the risk for reintroduction of poliovirus into a polio-free world.
449P Distribution of erlotinib to brain, tumor lesion and normal tissue analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: S. Noda, Y. Goto, M. Hayashi, H. Aikawa, K. Itahashi, S. Kanda, H. Horinouchi, Y. Fujiwara, H. Nokihara, N. Yamamoto, A. Hamada, Y. Ohe
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)

Aim/Background: Growing number of patients with EGFR activating mutation (EGFR M+) treated with EGFR-TKIs (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) suffer from metastases to central nervous system (CNS). This is because the prognosis of patient with EGFR M+ has substantially prolonged by EGFR-TKIs, but efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in CNS lesion is relatively low. By using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) Mass Spectrometry imaging (MSI) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we analyzed whether erlotinib is penetrating to CNS. Methods: Autopsy specimens from a patient with EGFR M+ who was taking erlotinib for two months were analyzed. On suspicion of leptomeningeal metastasis, patient was taking erlotinib even after the radiological progression in thoracic lesion until 48 hours before death. iMScope (Shimadzu, Japan) was used for IMS, and the concentrations of erlotinib in specimens were validated using LC-MS/MS. Results: Autopsy survey found no leptomeningeal metastasis. MSI showed erlotinib distribution to normal tissue and tumor lesion but not to brain specimens. Concentration of erlotinib (ng/mm2) in normal lung tissue, pulmonary metastases with lymphangitis carcinomatosis, pleural dissemination, medulla oblongata, cerebellum, and cerebrum was 12.0, 11.8, 12.5, 2.8, 1.4 and 1.7, respectively. Concentration of cerebrospinal fluid was 96.4 ng/mL, which is slightly higher than the previous reports probably due to the trace contamination of blood during the procedure of collection. Conclusions: Although erlotinib concentration in normal and cancer lesion was biologically enough, concentration to CNS lesion was fairly low. Penetration to cerebrospinal fluid did not correlate with distribution of erlotinib to brain parenchyma. These results may suggest that the efficacy of erlotinib to CNS metastasis is achieved by the destruction of blood brain barrier and penetration to the cancer lesion. Whether better control of CNS metastasis will be achieved by penetration to CNS parenchyma or only to the cancer lesion is an interesting debate for the future development of TKIs. Disclosure: Y. Goto: membership on an advisory board or board of directors Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, Taiho A. Hamada: corporate-sponsored research from Chugai. Y. Ohe: membership on an advisory board or board of directors Chugai, AstraZeneca, Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, ONO, BMS. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
A Speculative Review of the Role of Endocrine Imbalances in the Genesis of Certain Cancers and Degenerative Diseases
Authors: George Chile, Jr., M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1958)

A Speculative Review of the Role of Endocrine Imbalances in the Genesis of Certain Cancers and Degenerative Diseases George Chile, Jr., M.D. George Chile, Jr., M.D. Department of General Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and The Frank E. Bunts Educational Institute, Cleveland, Ohio Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 20, Issue 2, February 1958, Pages 229–243, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/20.2.229 Published: 01 February 1958 Article history Received: 05 August 1957 Published: 01 February 1958
OC-113 Contribution of home jejunostomy feeding in meeting energy and protein requirements in the months following oesophagogastric resection for cancer: Abstract OC-113 Table 1
Authors: M Baker, V Halliday, A Ring, D Bowrey
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Nutritional intake is often compromised in the months following Oesophago-gastric resection. Studies evaluating the role of extended Jejunostomy feeding (JEJ) following hospital discharge are lacking. <h3>Method</h3> As part of a randomised controlled feasibility study, investigating 6 weeks of home JEJ feeding, energy and protein intake were assessed using 3 day dietary records, analysed using Dietplan6®. Information on JEJ intake and body weight were collected for the same period. Nutritional requirements for energy (Henry equation adjusted for activity level) and protein (1.25 g/kg/d) were calculated. Oral intake was considered adequate if reported intake provided &gt;75% of estimated requirements. <h3>Results</h3> 54 participants were enrolled. There were 13 early withdrawals leaving 41 for analysis (Oesophagectomy, 32: Total Gastrectomy, 9). 20 participants were randomised to a planned program of home JEJ feeding providing ≥50% of energy and protein requirements, in addition to usual dietary intake. 21 participants in the control group received care as usual with JEJ feeding being stopped on hospital discharge, 7 of which (35%) had to recommence home feeding due to clinical and/or nutritional need. At 6 weeks post hospital discharge, oral energy intake was inadequate in 47% and 50% of the intervention and control group respectively. &gt;5% weight loss was observed in 18/21 (86%) of the control group and 7/20 (35%) of the intervention group. Total calorie intake was adequate in the intervention group up to 3 months because of the contribution from JEJ feeding. Provision of JEJ did not seem to negatively impact on oral intake. At 3 and 6 months post-surgery, further weight loss was seen, and mean energy intakes did not meet 100% of estimated needs in the control group. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study has shown that oral energy/protein intakes are frequently inadequate in patients after Oesophagectomy/Total Gastrectomy and weight loss is observed. Supplementary JEJ feeding may make an important contribution to nutritional requirements and weight preservation in these early months. Further larger scale studies are required to fully evaluate this treatment. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> M. Baker: None Declared, V. Halliday: None Declared, A. Ring: None Declared, D. Bowrey Grant/ Research Support from: Nutricia/Fresenius Kabi.
Carbamazepine in Uremic Neuropathy
Authors: Z Zarday, R J Soberman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Letters1 March 1976Carbamazepine in Uremic NeuropathyZOLTAN ZARDAY, M.D., ROBERT J. SOBERMAN, M.D.ZOLTAN ZARDAY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROBERT J. SOBERMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-3-296 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptCarbamazepine (Tegretol®)*has been used by us in five patients with severe uremic neuropathy where pain was the dominating symptom. All patients were on chronic hemodialysis. They had been taking a number of oral analgesics previously (acetominophene, propoxyphene), with or without codeine, without significant relief. Carbamazepine was started with a dose of 100 mg twice daily and increased to 200-to-300 mg twice daily if necessary. All five patients reported relief of pain after 1 or 2 weeks of treatment. In no case did we have to give more than 600 mg (three tablets) a day. Other symptoms of uremic neuropathy,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bronx Dialysis Center Bronx, New York 10467*Geigy pharmaceuticals, Ardsley, New York. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCTreatment of Intractable Neurogenic Pain with CarbamazepineIsothermal Gas Chromatographic Method for the Rapid Determination of Carbamazepine (“Tegretol”) as Its TMS Derivative 1 March 1976Volume 84, Issue 3Page: 296-296KeywordsAnalgesicsCodeineNeuropathic painNeuropathyPain ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Glomerulonephritis
Authors: John P. Merrill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Classification of GlomerulonephritisA classification of glomerulonephritis is necessarily a difficult task. I have chosen to approach it by two routes: a pathological classification; and an etiologic classification. The pathological classification of glomerulonephritis is an endeavor that is subject to considerable disagreement among pathologists. Much of the recent data about glomerulonephritis have been obtained by percutaneous renal biopsy, which is a valuable tool for evaluating the glomerular lesion since the pathologist may see the lesion in its early stages. In addition, immunofluorescent studies and electron microscopy can be performed, in turn affording valuable clues to the cause, particularly in the . . .
Aspirin As Secondary Prevention in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: An Unselected Population-Based Study
Authors: Simer J. Bains, Milada Mahic, Tor Åge Myklebust, Milada Cvancarova Småstuen, Sheraz Yaqub, Liv Marit Dørum, Bjørn Atle Bjørnbeth, Bjørn Møller, Kristoffer Watten Brudvik, Kjetil Taskén
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

Regular use of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is associated with reduced incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, aspirin as primary prevention is debated because of the risk of hemorrhagic adverse effects. Aspirin as secondary prevention may be more justified from a risk-benefit perspective. We have examined the association between aspirin use after the diagnosis of CRC with CRC-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS).An observational, population-based, retrospective cohort study was conducted by linking patients diagnosed with CRC from 2004 through 2011 (Cancer Registry of Norway) with data on their aspirin use (The Norwegian Prescription Database). These registries cover more than 99% of the Norwegian population and include all patients in an unselected and consecutive manner. Exposure to aspirin was defined as receipt of aspirin prescriptions for more than 6 months after the diagnosis of CRC. Multivariable Cox-proportional hazard analyses were used to model survival. The main outcome measures of the study were CSS and OS.A total of 23,162 patients diagnosed with CRC were included, 6,102 of whom were exposed to aspirin after the diagnosis of CRC (26.3%). The median follow-up time was 3.0 years. A total of 2,071 deaths (32.9%, all causes) occurred among aspirin-exposed patients, of which 1,158 (19.0%) were CRC specific. Among unexposed patients (n = 17,060), there were 7,218 deaths (42.3%), of which 5,375 (31.5%) were CRC specific. In multivariable analysis, aspirin exposure after the diagnosis of CRC was independently associated with improved CSS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.79 to 0.92) and OS (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.01).Aspirin use after the diagnosis of CRC is independently associated with improved CSS and OS.
PTU-179 The clinical significance of sensory abnormalities in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: MP Eugenicos, PD Syme, D Moore
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Altered pain appreciation and autonomic function are features of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS); these are controlled by the lateral medulla (LM). Abnormal vasomotor control, sweating, cardiac rhythm, blood pressure and gut motility have all been reported in the LM Syndrome. Our aim was to study LM features and characterise these in IBS patients and healthy controls. <h3>Method</h3> Patients attending a specialist Motility clinic were asked to complete the Rome III and the Hospital anxiety/depression (HAD) questionnaires. Sensory abnormalities were assessed with a temperature appreciation (TA) test; reporting on cold sensation by holding a glass of ice-cold water in each hand consecutively for 5 s. The age, sex, blood pressure, heart rate, Rome III and HAD questionnaires were recorded along with TA. Medical students served as healthy controls. Data was analysed and compared between the patients and students. The chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used to assess the association between IBS and sensory abnormalities and IBS and HAD scores respectively. <h3>Results</h3> 133 patients (116 females: 17 males; mean age 51 years: range 19–89) and 35 students (23 females:12 males; mean age 23 years: range 19–27) completed the ROME III questionnaires. IBS-M (mixed type) was the most common with 43 patients (32%), followed by 39 patients (29%) with IBS-C (constipation), 29 patients (21%) with IBS-D (diarrhoea) and 22 patients had other functional disorder (18%). 28 (80%) students had no IBS symptoms, but 3 had IBS-M (8.5%), 3 had IBS-C (8.5%) and 1 had IBS-D (3%). IBS patients had higher anxiety (8 vs 4; p &lt; 0.005) and depression (6 vs 1; p &lt; 0.005) scores as compared to the non-IBS students. 94 IBS patients undertook the TA test: 41 experienced equal (44%) and 53 reported unequal (56%) sensation in their hands, whereas 27 students reported equal (96%) and only 1 unequal (4%) sensation. The null hypothesis that there is no association between IBS and sensory abnormalities was rejected (P &lt; 0.005). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The ROME III Criteria is useful for identifying IBS subtypes. We found a significantly higher degree of both anxiety and depression and altered temperature appreciation in this group of IBS patients. The clinical significance of the latter is unclear. Further studies are warranted to determine whether the findings are organic or functional. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
The Effect of Triethylene Thiophosphoramide (Thio-TEPA) in the Treatment of Chronic Myelocytic Chloroleukemia in the Rat&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Harry Shay, M. D., Margot Gruenstein, Charles Harris, M. D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1954)

Journal Article The Effect of Triethylene Thiophosphoramide (Thio-TEPA) in the Treatment of Chronic Myelocytic Chloroleukemia in the Rat Get access Harry Shay, M. D., Harry Shay, M. D. Samuel S. Fels Research Institute, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Margot Gruenstein, Margot Gruenstein Samuel S. Fels Research Institute, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles Harris, M. D. Charles Harris, M. D. Samuel S. Fels Research Institute, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 15, Issue 3, December 1954, Pages 463–481, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/15.3.463 Published: 01 December 1954 Article history Received: 13 July 1954 Published: 01 December 1954
Anorexia nervosa and anorexic-like syndromes in a population-based female twin sample
Authors: E E Walters, K S Kendler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The authors explored the epidemiologic characteristics and risk factors of anorexia nervosa and examined the relationship between narrowly defined anorexia nervosa and anorexia-like syndromes.Structured interviews were administered to a population-based sample of 2,163 female twins. Anorexia nervosa was diagnosed by computer algorithm ("computer narrow") and by narrow and broad clinical definitions.Lifetime prevalence estimates of 0.51%, 1.62%, and 3.70% were obtained for the computer narrow, clinical narrow, and clinical broad diagnoses, respectively. Dieting status, greater number of years of parental education, low self-esteem, high levels of neuroticism, and maternal overprotectiveness were significantly associated with anorexia nervosa. Both the pattern of comorbidity and the relationship to epidemiologic risk factors suggested an etiologic continuity between narrowly and broadly defined anorexic syndromes. Co-twins of twins with anorexia nervosa were at significantly higher risk for lifetime anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, major depression, and current low body mass index. Significant comorbidity was found between anorexia nervosa and major depression, bulimia nervosa, generalized anxiety disorder, alcoholism, phobias, and panic disorder.The authors' analyses support the hypothesis of a spectrum of anorexic-like syndromes in women. These syndromes are familial and share familial etiologic factors with major depression and bulimia nervosa.
A heritable disorder of lithium transport in erythrocytes of a subpopulation of manic-depressive patients
Authors: D G Ostrow, G N Pandey, J M Davis, S W Hurt, D C Tosteson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

The in vivo RBC/plasma Li+ ratio is determined by the equilibrium between Li+ influx (ouabain-sensitive Na+-K+ pump and ouabain-insensitive leakage pathways) and Li+ efflux (phloretin-sensitive Li+-Na+ counterflow). A study of RBC Li+ transport via these pathways showed that a deficiency of Li+-Na+ counterflow was responsible for the high in vivo ratio (1:1) observed in a manic patient. This defect was related to an alteration in the membrane Na+ exchange system and was under genetic control. The level of counterflow before lithium therapy was an excellent predictor (r = .88) of the in vivo Li+ ratio and was deficient in approximately one-fourth of manic-depressive patients but not in controls, schizophrenics, or unipolar depressed patients.
Observations Concerning Fluid Compartments, Blood-Flow Patterns and Bile-Formation in the Isolated Rat Liver&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R. W. Brauer, Ph.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1955)

Observations Concerning Fluid Compartments, Blood-Flow Patterns and Bile-Formation in the Isolated Rat Liver Get access R. W. Brauer, Ph.D. R. W. Brauer, Ph.D. Biological and Medical Sciences Division, U. S. Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory,2San Francisco, Calif. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 15, Issue Supplement_5, April 1955, Pages 1469–1473, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/15.Supplement_5.1469 Published: 01 April 1955
PWE-281 Are patients with cancers ‘missed’ on faecal occult blood (FOB) testing truly asymptomatic? – a multicentre analysis
Authors: AT George, S Aggarwal, M Dube, A Menon, M Vogler, R Logan, A Field
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> We aimed to identify the symptomatology of patients who develop interval cancers (cancers diagnosed within 2 years of a negative FOBT screening) in the eligible population of the East Midlands region. <h3>Method</h3> Data from the National Bowel Cancer Audit Programme from three tertiary colorectal centres (Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham; Royal Derby Hospital and Sherwood Forest Hospitals ll) in the FOB testing age group (60–74 years) over 2 years (August 2011 to August 2013) were analysed and linked to the regional FOB hub to identify patients who had developed colorectal cancer after a negative FOBT in the screening interval (2 years) status. Tumours from and distal to the splenic flexure were classed as left sided tumours. Dukes C/D tumours were classed as advanced tumours. All three centres were in incident rounds of screening. <h3>Results</h3> The study covered a population of 2 million of which 200,000 were eligible for screening. 521 colorectal cancers were diagnosed in the above population (0.11%). Of these, 231 cancers (44%) were in patients who had declined screening,162 (31%) were picked up following on from a positive FOBT and 128 (25%) were picked up in patients who had a negative FOBT. Of these 128 patients (M: F; 84:44),median age 67 years (SD:3.8) the commonest presenting symptoms for these patients were change in bowel habits in 50(39%). Other presentations included bleeding per-rectum in 44 patients (34%), abdominal pain in 38 (30%) patients, anaemia in 36(28%) patients, loss of weight in14 (11%)patients, bowel obstruction in 13 (10%) patients, bowel perforation in 3(2%) patients. Only two patients were truly asymptomatic from the bowel cancer with this being identified in one patient during surgery for an ovarian cyst and during a trauma laparotomy in the other patient. In the 28% patients who had anaemia the blood picture included a Hb (mean)of 10.3gm;MCV of 82.4 and;MCH of 26.3. In 61% of anaemic patients, the cancer was located on the right side of the colon with an equal percentage being of advanced Duke’s stage. The median interval between the negative FOB test and the diagnosis of cancer in these patients was 15 months (range 0.5–24 months). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our findings suggest that the majority of patients with ‘missed’ interval cancers were symptomatic with ‘red flag symptoms’ inspite of the negative FOB test. We also raise the possibility of a natural bias of subjects volunteering for the FOB test in that some who opt for the test may not be ‘truly’ asymptomatic but may have bowel symptoms not yet discussed with their general practitioner. We highlight the need for improved awareness to reduce delays in symptomatic patients seeking medical advice against a background of a negative FOBT. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
An Experimental Study on Endoscopic Papillotomy in Monkeys
Authors: M Tanaka, S Ikeda, R Tamura, M Torisu, K Tasaka, T Yamamoto
Journal: Endoscopy (1977)

Endoscopic papillotomy would appear to have distinct advantages in non-operative treatment of common bile duct stones. To investigate the effects of this procedure on the papilla and adjacent organs, diathermy papillotomy was performed at laparotomy in three monkeys. White-cell count and levels of liver function parameters temporarily increased during the follow-up period of twelve months, suggesting that diathermy papillotomy might have brought about some pathological changes in the hepatobiliary system of monkeys, whereas no definite evidence of cholestasis or pancreatitis were noticed, and an excellent condition of papillotomy orifice and adjacent ogans was revealed at autopsy about 1 year after diathermy papillotomy.