tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SP0173 What Can a Physical Therapist Contribute?
Authors: K. B. Hagen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3></h3> Physical therapists assert that they are ‘professionals’. A particularly unique characteristic of being a professional is trustworthiness – the expectation is that professionals strive to do good, have the patient’s best interests at heart and have high ethical standards. A tangible demonstration of a profession’s interests in the welfare of its patients is its preparedness to act on the basis of objective evidence about good practice, regardless of how unpalatable the evidence might be. A prerequisite is that the profession must be aware of what the evidence says. If we don’t know whether the evidence indicates that the interventions we offer are effective, or might cause harm, or just make no difference, our claim to be ‘professionals’ is questionable. The profession of physiotherapy has changed enormously in the last 50 years. There has been a transition from doing what doctors told physiotherapists to do, which was usually accepted quite uncritically to using experience and intuition on which to base decisions, to the current position where evidence-based practice has been promoted as a model for physiotherapy practice. With autonomy comes responsibility for ensuring that patients are given accurate diagnoses and prognoses, and are well-informed about benefits, harms and risks of intervention. The presentation will provide an overview of the effects of the most common physiotherapy interventions for rheumatic diseases. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract 3172: Pooled RNAi screens in xenograft mouse models.
Authors: Donato Tedesco, Kyle Bonneau, Mikhail Makhanov, Debbie Deng, Paul Diehl, Peiqing Sun, Alex Chenchik
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract We present results of clonal analysis studies aimed at characterizing the heterogeneity of in vivo cancer cell growth in xenograft models. Using a high-throughput sequencing method, we followed the fate of thousands of individually bar-coded cancer cells grown in vitro, or in vivo upon sub-cutaneous implantation in immunocompromised mice. By precisely and reproducibly quantifying clonal cancer cell growth in vivo, we found that xenograft growth is marked by a phenomenon of clonal dominance, in which a small subset of cancer cell sub-clones account for the bulk of the resulting tumor mass. This phenomenon has important implications for the field of in vivo shRNA screening. Subsequently, we developed a new proprietary clonal RNAi screening platform specifically designed to circumscribe the clonal dominance effect in xenograft model viability screens. We used this technology to perform xenograft “drop-out” screens in a panel of tumorigenic cell lines, including human breast, ovarian and colon carcinomas. Preliminary data will be presented. These results demonstrate that complex pooled shRNA libraries provide a highly efficient, flexible, and unique tool for in vivo screens aimed the discovery of potential cancer therapy targets. Citation Format: Donato Tedesco, Kyle Bonneau, Mikhail Makhanov, Debbie Deng, Paul Diehl, Peiqing Sun, Alex Chenchik. Pooled RNAi screens in xenograft mouse models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3172. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3172
Abstract 2437: Fluorescent imaging in animal model of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma <i>in vivo</i> by Nimotuzumab conjugated near-infrared quantum dots and small molecule fluorescent dye
Authors: Xuelei Huang, Yipeng Ren, Qing Xi, Lei Zhang, Chongjian Fu, Rongfa Bu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Objectives:To explore near-infrared fluorescent imaging in vivo using quantum dots Qdot800 and Alexa680 dye labeling Nimotuzumab for human tongue squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis, location. Methods: Near-infrared fluorescent quantum dots Qdot800 and Alexa680 dye were respectively conjugated with Nimotuzumab. Subsequently, the probes were used to detect fixed or live human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line Tca8113. After Tca8113 subcutaneous xenografts grown in, the nude mice were injected intravenously with one of the conjugates followed by fluorescent imaging using small animal imaging system. The images of targeting tumor in vivo were required and analyzed. Results: Near-infrared fluorescent quantum dots Qdot800 and Alexa680 dye were successfully conjugated with Nimotuzumab. The conjugates were able to specifically and efficiently recognize fixed and live Tca8113 with intense fluorescence. Although Nimotuzumab labeled with Qdot800 could not be detected targeting the subcutaneous Tca8113 xenografts grown in vivo, Nimotuzumab labeled with Alexa680 performed very well with bright fluorescence in contrast to surrounding normal tissue. Conclusions: The fluorescent conjugates probes Nimotuzumab conjugated with Near-infrared fluorescent Qdot800 and Alexa680 dye were able to specifically target human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell in vitro. Alexa680 labeling with Nimotuzumab was more suitable than Qdot800 to perform fluorescent imaging in vivo for the study of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma. [Key words] tongue squamous cell carcinoma, fluorescent imaging, fluorescent probe, Nimotuzumab Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2437. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2437
CULPRIT-VESSEL VERSUS COMPLETE REVASCULARIZATION DURING PRIMARY ANGIOPLASTY IN ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: AN UPDATED META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Alexandros Briasoulis, Luis Afonso, Ashraf Mostafa, Sidakpal Panaich, Mohan Palla, Ashok Kondur, Theodore Schreiber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Abstract 544: Blockade of CXC chemokines/CXCR2 axis in the tumor microenvironment as a potent therapeutic strategy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hideaki Ijichi, Motohisa Tada, Koji Miyabayashi, Dai Mohri, Yoshinari Asaoka, Keisuke Tateishi, Tsuneo Ikenoue, Masao Omata, Kazuhiko Koike, Harold L. Moses
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most lethal neoplasms, is characterized histologically by expanded stromal components with marked fibrosis, which suggests that tumor-stromal interaction might play an important role in PDAC progression. We have established pancreas epithelium-specific transforming growth factor-ß receptor type II (Tgfbr2) knockout mice in the context of active Kras (KrasG12D) expression (Kras+Tgfbr2KO), which developed differentiated PDAC with 100% penetrance and recapitulated histology of human PDAC described above. In the AACR annual meetings 2009-10, we have reported that tumor-stromal interaction in the PDAC model promoted tumor progression and blockade of CXC chemokines/CXCR2 axis inhibited tumor growth and extended survival of the mice. We further examined the underlying mechanisms of tumor-stromal interaction. The CXC chemokines secreted from the PDAC cells did not change autocrine PDAC cell proliferation nor that of stromal fibroblasts, but induced CTGF expression in the stromal fibroblasts and promoted tumor angiogenesis, which resulted in promotion of tumor growth. Expression of the CXC chemokines was downregulated by TGF-β signaling, whereas, NF-κB signaling was required for the expression. Subcutaneous xenografts coinjected with the PDAC cells and fibroblasts grew faster than those with PDAC cells alone, which suggested tumor-promoting tumor-stromal interaction. We further examined the xenograft growth of CXCR2-knocked down (KD) PDAC cells and CXCR2-intact firbroblasts, compared with that of CXCR2-intact PDAC cells and CXCR2-KD fibroblasts. Results suggested that intact CXCR2 in the stromal fibroblasts was required for the tumor-promoting CXC chemokines/CXCR2 axis. In conclusion, blockade of the CXC chemokines/CXCR2 axis might have a key role in modulating the tumor microenvironment and for development of more effective therapeutic strategy for PDAC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 544. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-544
IMPACT OF SYMPATHETIC RENAL DENERVATION: A RANDOMIZED STUDY IN PATIENTS AFTER RENAL TRANSPLANTATION (ISAR-DENERVE)
Authors: Simon Schneider, Dominik Promny, Daniel Sinnecker, Michael Dommasch, Adnan Kastrati, Georg Schmidt, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz, Marcus Baumann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Abstract 3396: Neural stem cells, cancer stem cells and microRNAs: The medulloblastoma paradigm
Authors: Evelina Miele, Elisabetta Ferretti, Agnese Po, Enrico De Smaele, Federica Begalli, Isabella Screpanti, Alberto Gulino
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Increasing evidence supports the idea of cancer as an aberrant morphogenetic process in which master developmental pathways (e.g. Hedgehog, Hh) are subverted. Stem cells (SC) sustain cell development through proliferation and differentiation events, from cell progenitor transitions until a fully differentiated phenotype. SC with similar properties have been also identified in most cancers. These cancer stem cells (CSC) may represent both the potential “cell of origin” of the tumor and a never ending reservoir responsible for tumor maintenance and progression. A paradigm of altered development as a cause of malignant transformation via aberrant Hh signaling is provided by Medulloblastoma (MB), the most common brain malignancy of childhood, in which also CSC have been described. Besides, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been recently identified as key molecules in the gene expression regulation both in development and in cancer: an altered expression of miRNAs is involved in neoplastic disorders and CSC behaviour. The overall aims of our work were to exploit the Hh-dependent tumorigenesis process of cerebellar stem/progenitor cells as a paradigmatic model to understand the link between subverted cell development and neoplastic transformation and tumor maintenance. We performed high-throughput miRNAs expression profiling of both neural and medulloblastoma stem cells (NSC, Mb SC). Of note, a number of miRNAs were found differentially expressed with stemness (both in NSC and in CSC). Moreover, we found different pattern of miRNAs expression in Mb SC samples in comparison with the normal counterpart (NSC). These observations suggest the presence of stemness specific and cancer stemness specific microRNA. Differentially expressed miRNAs will be selected for further testing on regulation of signaling pathways involved in the control of stemness and cell development. This study will provide new insight in miRNAs regulation and role in maintenance of the stem cell-like properties of neuronal tumor cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3396. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3396
Abstract 506: A time-dependent genome-wide gene interaction signature in U251 human glioma cell line exposed to ionizing radiation
Authors: Leor Zach, Ofir Hakim, Myong Hee Sung, Gordon Hager, Camphausen Kevin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The effects of ionizing radiation on DNA integrity and functionality are well studied and reported. However, little is known about how irradiation affects large-scale nuclear architecture. We sought to investigate the latter using Chromosome Conformation Capture on Chip (4C) which assesses the spatial genomic organization around a locus of interest. Methods: U251 glioma cells were grown in standard media to 70% confluence, irradiated (6Gy) and harvested 6 and 24 hours after irradiation. We obtained all genomic loci in close physical proximity to an irradiation induced gene Alf1 on chromosome 6 as bait. 4C was performed in duplicate samples on control or irradiated cells, using custom NimbleGen microarrays that contained probes for all potential partner sites in the genome. Results: Alf1 locus was found to be engaged in multiple intra-chromosomal interactions with other regions in chromosome 6, and inter-chromosomal interactions with multiple areas in chromosomes 1,2,5,7,10 15 and 17 prior to irradiation. Irradiation induced changes in the Alf1 spatial environment as many of the contacts were lost, while additional interactions were induced. A partial recovery to the baseline nuclear architecture was evident 24 hrs after irradiation. Conclusions: Our preliminary results are intriguing and might suggest a new tool to investigate the effects of ionizing irradiation on nuclear high-order structure. A specific, time dependent post irradiation DNA architecture changes in tumor cells may correlate to the (and reproducible) levels of sensitivity to ionizing irradiation of different areas of the DNA in a specific tumor cell population. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 506.
Abstract LB-241: Cancer-associated fibroblasts modulate growth- and metastasis-promoting pathways in human pancreatic cancer cells and augment orthotopic tumor growth in mice
Authors: Dustin M. Walters, Sara J. Adair, Jayme B. Stokes, Bryce Lowrey, J. Thomas Parsons, Todd W. Bauer
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the development, progression, and metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is not completely understood. We sought to better characterize the role of CAFs by evaluating the effect of co-culturing CAFs and pancreatic cancer cells on growth and metastasis pathways. Methods: Resected human PDACs were grown orthotopically in mice. From these tumors, human pancreatic cancer cells and mouse CAFs were isolated and grown in culture. Three cell culture environments were created: 1) pure (&amp;gt;99%) human pancreatic cancer cells, 2) pure (97%) mouse CAFs, and 3) co-culture of both cell types. IHC and FACS were used to confirm cell type and species of origin. Phospho-receptor tyrosine kinase (pRTK) and cytokine arrays were performed on the three groups. Additionally, the effect of CAFs on PDAC growth was evaluated in nude mice by orthotopically injecting cancer cells (1 × 106 cells) with and without CAFs (1 × 106 cells). Results: CAFs stained positively for -smooth muscle actin (-SMA) but were negative for E-cadherin, while cancer cells stained positively for E-cadherin, but not -SMA. FACS for MHC-I confirmed mouse origin of the CAFs (negative) and human origin of the cancer cells (positive). Co-culture of mouse fibroblasts and human tumor cells led to significant upregulation of cell proliferation pathways (evidenced by increased human pRTKs and cytokines, including EGFR1, EGFR2, c-Met, Ron, IGF-1R, and thrombospondin-2), angiogenic pathways (evidenced by increased secretion of VEGF, IL-8, and angiogenin) and matrix degradation and remodeling pathways (increased secretion of MMPs 8 and 9, TIMPs 1 and 4, and uPA). Orthotopic mouse injection of human pancreatic cancer cells in combination with mouse CAFs (1:1 ratio) led to larger tumors at 3 weeks as compared to injection with cancer cells alone (1129 mm3 vs. 443 mm3, p &amp;lt; 0.005). Conclusions: Using co-culture of CAFs and pancreatic cancer cells we have recapitulated the modulation of pathways responsible for cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and matrix remodeling thought to occur in vivo during tumor progression. Further, we show that co-injection of CAFs and pancreatic cancer cells significantly augments orthotopic tumor growth in mice. These studies lay the groundwork for future studies to define the critical factors produced by stromal fibroblasts and the role of such factors in PDAC progression, allowing new insights into improving patient therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-241.
Endoscopic vacuum therapy in the management of anastomotic insufficiency after pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: G. Loske, T. Strauss, B. Riefel, C. Mueller, T. Schorsch
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

A 68-year-old patient with a pT3pN2 duodenal adenocarcinoma underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. Because the jejunal loop was anastomosed with a previous gastroenterostomy, endoscopic examination of the pancreatic and biliary anastomoses was easily feasible. On the 5th postoperative day, the patient developed septic shock and multiorgan failure; bilious secretions were noted coming from the abdominal drains. An immediate revision laparotomy was performed, at which generalized peritonitis was found. It was associated with total dehiscence of the biliojejunal anastomosis and subtotal dehiscence of the pancreaticojejunal anastomosis. Operative reconstruction of the anastomoses was impossible. Four laparotomies with lavage of the peritoneal cavity were scheduled at 48-hour intervals. During this time, an acute hepatic artery bleed caused by septic erosion occurred.
Parenteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Nilesh M. Mehta
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

Adequate nutrient delivery may help to offset the catabolic burden imposed by critical illness, preventing nutritional deterioration and improving outcomes. However, questions regarding the most appropriate dose of macronutrients, the route of delivery, and particularly the timing of supplemental parenteral nutrition in critically ill children remain unanswered (Table 1). Enteral nutrition is preferable in patients with a functioning gut but may not always be feasible. Intestinal failure was incompatible with life until the 1960s, when the development of stable intravenous amino acid solutions and lipid emulsions allowed the administration of life-sustaining nourishment through the parenteral route.1 Parenteral nutrition was subsequently . . .
A suPAR Biomarker for Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Karl L. Skorecki, Barry I. Freedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

The worldwide epidemic of chronic kidney disease — an insidious illness that manifests with asymptomatic reductions in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to less than 60 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area, excessive urinary excretion of protein, or both — afflicts an estimated 600 million people.1 Many will have progression to end-stage kidney disease and require dialysis or kidney transplantation for survival or succumb to related cardiovascular complications, even while taking antihypertensive agents and medications to lower blood glucose levels.2,3 Chronic kidney disease shortens survival, reduces the quality of life remaining to these patients, and . . .
SEVERE CHEST PAIN WITH MID-VENTRICULAR OBSTRUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: Jong Ho Nam, Kang-Un Choi, Kyu-Hwan Park, Chan-Hee Lee, Jang-Won Son, Ung Kim, Jong-Seon Park, Dong-Gu Shin, Young-Jo Kim, Jeong-Hwan Cho, Jung-Hyun Choi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
AB0518 High percentage of dermoconversion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis under biological therapy
Authors: C. Abud-Mendoza, M.U. Martinez Martinez, L. Baranda
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Mexico is a high burden tuberculosis (Tb) country. Inflammatory rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis have an increased risk of Tb associated with both RA activity itself and treatment requirement, particularly TNF inhibitors (iTNF). According biological therapy (BT) guidelines, before the BT, a screening with tuberculin skin test (TST) must be performed to define Tb chemoprophylaxis therapy. Few studies describe the effect of BT on TST reactivity, and the benefit of treatment of latent Tb in spite of the low sensitivity of TST, as well as the necessity of receiving chemoprophylaxis in case of conversion of PPD when BT is maintained. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determinate dermo-conversion of TST (latent tuberculosis) in patients under biological therapy with a previous negative basal screening test. <h3>Methods</h3> TST were made basal and each year in adult patients with aggressive rheumatoid arthritis who required biological therapy. Basal evaluation in all patients included a normal chest X-ray and negative TST without active tuberculosis history. Most of them (85%) had been vaccinated with BCG during pediatric age and only 5% had probable familiar history of active tuberculosis. All of patients were asymptomatic and denied recent relationship with an active tuberculosis patient. In case of a positive TST, additionally to complete clinical evaluation we performed laboratory tests and chest X-ray to discard active Tb. <h3>Results</h3> We included 155 patients treated with biologic therapy with screening test negatives to latent tuberculosis; 75 received abatacept (ABA), 19 rituximab (RTX), 33 tocilizumab (TCZ) y 28 others different to iTNF biologic therapies. TST changed to positive in 23 patients, 8 with ABA, 3 RTX and 12 TCZ, with average time of treatment of 6.5, 3.7 and 5 years, respectively. Interestingly despite to have received chemoprophylaxis only 2 patients (1 ABA, 1 TCZ), none of them had evidence of active tuberculosis with subsequent following of 3.3 years under biologic therapy. <h3>Conclusions</h3> PPD + in patients with biologic therapy do not seem <i>"per se"</i> to indicate necessity of chemoprophylaxis in spite of a higher prevalence of tuberculosis in our country. BT could not modify the immune response, specifically to TST. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Asthma Stability after Oral Prednisone
Authors: RICHARD C. AHRENS, MARY E. TERESI, SEUNG-HO HAN, DAVID DONNELL, JENNIFER A. VANDEN BURGT, CHERI R. LUX
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Clinical studies comparing the potency of inhaled corticosteroids require steep dose-response slopes (b) and minimal response variability (s), as statistical power is inversely related to the s/b ratio. To evaluate a new study model, we performed a randomized, crossover study of 12 adult asthmatics who required 800 to 2,000 μ g of inhaled corticosteroids daily, and calculated s/b for 21 raw clinical outcomes and 36 mathematically derived variables based on these raw outcomes. Each of two 21-d treatment periods was preceded by 4 to 7 d of oral prednisone to maximize asthma control and minimize carry-over of previous inhaled treatment. Treatments were 100 and 800 μ /d of an HFA-134a beclomethasone dipropionate formulation. Assessments included daily home spirometry, histamine challenge, inhaled albuterol use, and asthma symptom scores. Efficacy variables with the greatest power (lowest s/b values) were a.m.FEF25 - 75, a.m.FEV1, and a.m.PEF, (s/b = 0.46, 0.48, and 0.59). Carry-over between treatment periods was not significant. Crossover study sample size calculations using these ratios yielded samples of 23, 25, and 37 patients, respectively. Otherwise identical parallel studies would require sample sizes of 657, 1,438, and 2,261 patients. These results support the use of a crossover asthma stability model after a short course of oral prednisone as a clinical study model for comparing topical potency of inhaled corticosteroids.