tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P1-01-12: A Novel Method for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy by Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Technique in Breast Cancer
Authors: T Sugie, KA Kassim, M Takeuchi, T Hashimoto, K Yamagami, Y Masai, M. Toi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is the standard method to assess the actual axillary lymph node status in breast cancer. Currently dye techniques, radioisotope techniques or combined techniques are usually used for SLN detection. Recently, near infrared fluorescence imaging has been applied clinically in a breast cancer patient to identify SLN. In this study, the feasibility of SLN biopsy using the indocyanine green (ICG) technique were evaluated. Methods: The study involved four hundreds eleven patients with clinically node negative early breast cancer who underwent SLN in three institutes. A combination of ICG as a fluorescence emitting source and blue dyes were injected in the subareolar area and lymphatic flows were traced with a charge coupled device camera and a real-time image guided surgery enabled to identify the fluorescence image of SLN after meticulous dissection. Results: The subcutaneous lymphatic channels were detected precisely in all cases. The identification rate of SLN was 99%, (408/411) with a mean number of 2.3±1.2 (range, 1-9) nodes identified per patient. Only one SLN harvested in 30.1% of patients, two in 29.4%, three in 23.9% and four or more in 15.9% of patients. Thirty nine cases (9.5%) had SLNs involved and all of them were ICG positive and 30 of 39 patients (77%) had one SLN involved. Conclusions: This ICG fluorescence method is simple and achieves a high SLN identification rate. This technique does not require a facility equipped to use radioisotopes. This means that SLN biopsies could even be performed in a small hospital. Orderly and sequential dissection along the lymphatic flow may provide higher sensitivity compared with the conventional radioisotope method. A direct comparison between the radioisotope and ICG fluorescence methods is now required. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-12.
Website of the week: Eating disorders
Authors: D Carnall
Journal: BMJ (1999)

This week, the BMJ publishes a short screening instrument for eating disorders analogous to the CAGE questionnaire for problem drinking. SCOFF has a high sensitivity and specificity in patients referred to one specialist clinic, though whether this will be reflected in less selected patient groups remains open to question. The paper already has a web competitor: at www.edrecovery.com/feedback.html you can request a self assessment questionnaire by email from Eating Disorder Recovery Online, although there is no scientific evaluation available for a professional to judge its usefulness.

Naturally the web is awash with information on eating disorders: a profusion of sites document the suffering, recovery, and deaths of affected sufferers. Something Fishy (www.something-fishy.org) is the premier example of its kind—a personal website of a sufferer that grew and grew as she received emails and links. Now there is so much content that the navigation bar takes up most of the first screen, but the style is good and there are useful links to reputable organisations outside the site.

On the internet, it is said, no one knows you're a dog, and Hazel's Eating Disorder Support Center (members.aol.com/hazel16042/) is actually run by a young man named after a rabbit. However, the testimony he records is moving, and his own motivations for the considerable work of maintaining an extensive website perhaps explains why so many of us find the internet such a compelling medium: “I have found a great deal of support for my own eating disorder through the internet. As I work toward my own recovery I feel [a] strong urge to give something back to this community which has helped me.”

And, of course, the nature of the internet is such that it takes only a few such altruists to build impressive and useful information structures.
P149 Validation of the COPD assessment test (CAT) within -1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD)
Authors: R. G. Edgar, D. Griffiths, R. A. Stockley
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> The COPD Assessment Test (CAT) has recently been validated with a USA cohort as a health status questionnaire (HSQ) for use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).1 Its purpose is to guide and improve communication between the health care professional and patient and identify key areas for health improvement. Historically, other HSQ have been used in COPD especially the St Georges Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) which has been extensively validated for use in clinical care and trials. However the SGRQ has a complex scoring algorithm and requires several minutes to complete restricting its use in daily clinical practice.12 The CAT was developed as a user friendly, time efficient, easily analysed and reliable HSQ for COPD. We have an extensive database for patients with α-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (A1ATD) and have an annual review at which the SGRQ is used. We wished to compare CAT with the SGRQ in these patients. <h3>Methods</h3> 163 consecutive patients with A1ATD attending the Antitrypsin Deficiency Assessment and Programme for Treatment (ADAPT) centre were asked to complete both SGRQ and CAT prior to full Lung function and medical review. All patients were clinically stable (at least 6 weeks post exacerbation). SGRQ and CAT scores were compared as well as routine post bronchodilator lung function parameters to determine the relationships. <h3>Results</h3> 157 patients completed both questionnaires. CAT correlated strongly with SGRQ total score (R<sup>2</sup>=0.799, p&lt;0.0001, n=157) (Abstract P149 Figure 1) and its domains (impact R<sup>2</sup>=0.751, symptoms R<sup>2</sup>=0.59 and activity R<sup>2</sup>=0.66). CAT values also correlated with lung function including FEV<sub>1</sub> %predicted (R<sup>2</sup>=0.26, p&lt;0.0001, n=157), FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC (R<sup>2</sup>=0.224, p&lt;0.0001, n=157), KCO %predicted (R<sup>2</sup>=0.151, p&lt;0.0001, n=147) all of which were comparable to those seen with SGRQ. <h3>Conclusion</h3> CAT offers a short HSQ that is simple to use and analyse, correlates well with the more complex SGRQ and stable lung function.
IDENTIFICATION OF CMV INFECTION IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE-WHAT TEST IS BEST?
Authors: V Kalansooriya, M Loughrey, S Feeney, P Coyle, C McCaughey, G Turner
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction:</h3> There is uncertainty in the significance of CMV infection in exacerbations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). As methods for determining the presence of CMV in inflamed mucosa improve, varying degrees of specificity and sensitivity make interpretation crucial. <h3>Aims/Background</h3> To assess the significance of known markers of CMV in the setting of IBD and to determine the best combination for identifying active infection. <h3>Method:</h3> Blood PCR / IgM / IgG, faecal PCR, biopsy PCR and histology results were analyzed in samples received from July 2009 to 2012 at the Regional Virology Laboratory. <h3>Results</h3> Of 110 samples received, 14 were repeated samples leaving 96 patient episodes. 17 were positive out of 19 patients tested for IgG. Patients with negative IgG were negative for all other markers. Where there was a positive PCR /histology and IgG was tested, it was positive in all cases. See table&nbsp;1 Of the 96, 28 were positive for one/more of 6 modalities tested see table&nbsp;2 <h3>Conclusion</h3> Tissue PCR has the highest sensitivity. Overall, the incidence of CMV infection in this group was 29%. A negative IgG was associated with negative results for all other forms of testing while all confirmed active CMV episodes had positive IgG. Further study of the clinical significance of CMV in IBD is required.
Single Bubble — Pyloric Atresia
Authors: Adam Hermanowicz, Wojciech Debek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

The day after he was born, an infant boy had nonbilious vomiting, choking after feeding, and abdominal distention with no meconium. Radiography of the abdomen while the infant was upright revealed a single “bubble,” representing a dilated stomach with a fluid level.
Immunological Study of Polyps of the Colon
Authors: P Butin, E Martin, M C Sabine, S von Kleist
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Twenty-five polyps of the colon of various histological types were studied by immunofluorescence. In every polyp, either solitary or coming from a multiple polyposis, associated or not with a cancer of the colon, the immunological findings were the same: more or less important decrease of the normal cytoplasmic antigens; decrease or apparent lack of the normal antigen of the plasmic membranes of the colonic cells; presence of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) of the gastrointestinal cancers. This presence was confirmed by the precipitation reaction obtained between a monospecific anti-CEA antiserum and the perchloric extract of a pool of benign polyps. These findings were observed in all polyps, independently of their state of differentiation. From a quantitative point of view, the CEA and the cytoplasmic normal antigens were more abundant in the differentiated polyps than in the undifferentiated ones. No indication on the prognosis of the polyps could be obtained from these immunological studies. The presence of the CEA can be observed in noncancerous intestinal mucosa including that of hemorrhoids.
Lung Deflation and Cardiovascular Structure and Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ian S. Stone, Neil C. Barnes, Wai-Yee James, Dawn Midwinter, Redha Boubertakh, Richard Follows, Leonette John, Steffen E. Petersen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease develop increased cardiovascular morbidity with structural alterations.To investigate through a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study the effect of lung deflation on cardiovascular structure and function using cardiac magnetic resonance.Forty-five hyperinflated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were randomized (1:1) to 7 (maximum 14) days inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist fluticasone furoate/vilanterol 100/25 μg or placebo (7-day minimum washout). Primary outcome was change from baseline in right ventricular end-diastolic volume index versus placebo.There was a 5.8 ml/m(2) (95% confidence interval, 2.74-8.91; P < 0.001) increase in change from baseline right ventricular end-diastolic volume index and a 429 ml (P < 0.001) reduction in residual volume with fluticasone furoate/vilanterol versus placebo. Left ventricular end-diastolic and left atrial end-systolic volumes increased by 3.63 ml/m(2) (P = 0.002) and 2.33 ml/m(2) (P = 0.002). In post hoc analysis, right ventricular stroke volume increased by 4.87 ml/m(2) (P = 0.003); right ventricular ejection fraction was unchanged. Left ventricular adaptation was similar; left atrial ejection fraction improved by +3.17% (P < 0.001). Intrinsic myocardial function was unchanged. Pulmonary artery pulsatility increased in two of three locations (main +2.9%, P = 0.001; left +2.67%, P = 0.030). Fluticasone furoate/vilanterol safety profile was similar to placebo.Pharmacologic treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has consistent beneficial and plausible effects on cardiac function and pulmonary vasculature that may contribute to favorable effects of inhaled therapies. Future studies should investigate the effect of prolonged lung deflation on intrinsic myocardial function. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01691885).
PTU-170 Missed Upper Gastrointestinal (ugi) Cancers At Endoscopy: A District General Hospital Experience
Authors: R Shakespeare, M Maida
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Despite advances in the staging and treatment, the prognosis of upper gastrointestinal tract (UGIT) cancer in the UK remains poor, often presenting insidiously at a late stage. However, in contrast to our understanding of missed colorectal cancer rates following colonoscopy, relatively few studies have been published addressing the frequency of missed UGIT malignancies. Depending on the population studied this ranges from 6.7 to 25.8%. The aim of this study was to identify how frequently oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) may have failed to detect cancer at Prince Charles Hospital, a District General Hospital in South Wales, with a stable population of 150000, in the 36 months preceding a confirmed histological diagnosis. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients between 1<sup>st</sup> January 2010 and 31<sup>st</sup> December 2012 who underwent an OGD and were subsequently diagnosed with cancer were identified using endoscopic records and the cancer service database. Patients who had undergone a prior endoscopy within 3 years of diagnosis were then identified and their records reviewed to analyse the previous endoscopic and histological findings. <h3>Results</h3> 5454 endoscopies were performed during this time period, and a total of 134 patients (2.4%) with UGI cancer were identified. 77 (57%) were oesophageal, 49 (37%) gastric and 8 (6%) duodenal. The mean age was 69 years (range 24–91), with a higher proportion of males to females (3:1). Of these, 9 patients (6.7%) had undergone at least one previous endoscopy in the 36 months leading up to a confirmed UGIT cancer diagnosis, with 44% of these being within the preceding 12 months. The mean interval was 15months. The majority (55%) of patients had only one prior endoscopy (range 1– 5). 8 patients (89%) were found to have pathology at a preceding endoscopy at the site of a subsequently detected cancer. 6 patients were felt to have insufficient biopsy sampling (&lt;4 or none) and 3 had inadequate surveillance or follow up of identified pathology (of which two had both inadequate sampling and surveillance). <h3>Conclusion</h3> These findings, whilst similar to those previously reported in the literature have highlighted the importance of careful and thorough examination of the UGI tract, in particular with regard to adequate tissue sampling and surveillance. Consideration should be given to dedicated lists for surveillance of Barrett’s and the use of additional techniques such as narrow band imaging and chromoendoscopy in order to enhance diagnostic accuracy. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Erythropoietin Induces Tyrosine Phosphorylation of the Interleukin-3 Receptor β Subunit (βIL3 ) and Recruitment of Stat5 to Possible Stat5-Docking Sites in βIL3
Authors: Hiroshi Chin, Hiroshi Wakao, Atsushi Miyajima, Ryuichi Kamiyama, Nobuyuki Miyasaka, Osamu Miura
Journal: Blood (1997)
P652 CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS REACTIVATION IN A PROSPECTIVE LONG-TERM STUDY FOR PATIENTS WITH HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCY
Authors: A. Tamori, M. Hino, E. Kawamura, A. Hagihara, H. Fujii, S. Uchida-Kobayashi, S. Iwai, H. Morikawa, H. Nakamae, M. Enomoto, Y. Murakami, N. Kawada
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Abstract P6-06-04: Preliminary Studies Characterizing the Prevalence of Mouse Mammary Tumor-Like Sequences in Human Tissues of Pakistani Origin
Authors: S Amir, S Bilal, W Ahmed, M Zahid, F. Mustafa
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Pakistan has the second highest rate of breast cancer in Asia after Israel with nearly 1 out of 9 women at risk of developing breast cancer at some stage in their lifetime. A potential role of viruses in human breast cancer induction/development is increasingly coming to surface. Several different groups around the world have demonstrated the presence of mousemammary tumor virus (MMTV)-like sequences in tumor but not normal breast tissue. However, these findings are controversial and seem to differ depending upon the geographic location and ethnicity of a population. Some find MMTV-like sequences in tumors of breast cancer patients only, while others believe these results are due to PCR contamination. Yet others believe that these sequences are real and represent endogenous retroviruses that reside within the human genome. Methods: These possibilities were tested by collecting blood and breast tissue samples from breast cancer and normal individuals after informed consent and ethical approval. A total of 146 blood and tumor samples from cancer patients and 164 blood genomic DNA samples from healthy individuals were collected and subjected to PCR. Primers for different regions of the virus were designed in such a manner that they encompassed regions conserved among different MMTV strains, but were different at their 3’ ends from the human endogenous virus K (HERV-K) that has -50% homology to MMTV. Results: Single PCR screening of all samples gave sporadic, mostly weak positive results. However, nested PCR of a subset of the samples from normal and cancer patients revealed that for the pol region, over 50-100% of the samples were positive, for env 15-75% of the samples were positive, while for long terminal repeat (LTR) 5-100% of the samples were positive, depending upon whether they were from blood or breast tissue. Sequencing of the PCR fragments further revealed these sequences to be 90-100% homologous to Mtv-8 but not HERV-K, thus identifying these amplified bands to be of MMTV origin. Finally, test of the wild Pakistani Mus musculus revealed that they contain endogenous MMTVs very similar to Mtv-8. Conclusions: Together, these unexpected results suggest that the Pakistani population may be exposed to MMTV, maybe through zoonotic transmission from mice. These observations need further stringent study and confirmation. Differential expression studies are in the process as well as hunt for viral integration sites. It is only with a positive demonstration of integration sites in normal individuals that one can definitively prove whether MMTV is actually in the human population. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-06-04.
Abstract 1407: Sonic hedgehog signaling and Androgens are linked in tumor-stromal interaction through Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) in prostate cancer progression
Authors: Katsumi Shigemura, Fatma Meligy, Hosny Behnsawy, Fukashi Yamamichi, Wen-Chin Haung, Xiangyan Li, Leland Chung, Kunito Yamanaka, Keisuke Hanioka, Masuo Yamashita, Toshiro Shirakawa, Kazushi Tanaka, Soichi Arakawa, Masato Fujisawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Backgrounds: Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is known to relate to cancer progression but the detail about how to correlate and link with another signaling is debating. The purpose of this study is to investigate the link between Shh signaling, androgens and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in prostate tumor-stroma interaction during prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Materials and Methods: We investigated cell proliferation in LNCaP PCa cells, Normal Prostate Fibroblasts (NPF), and Cancer-associated Prostate Fibroblasts (CPF) in the presence of representative androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and/or Shh signaling inhibitor, cyclopamine (Cyc). With these stimulators or inhibitors, real time RT-PCR was performed to investigate downstream transcriptional factors of Shh signaling, Gli-1, EMT markers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin), and Osteonectin (ON), a possible Shh target gene shown in our previous work. Expression levels of AR, Gli-1, Ki-67, Shh, and ON in specimens from PCa patients were measured by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and correlated with clinical data. Results: While significant cell proliferation was induced by DHT in LNCaP, NPF, and CPF, Cyc inhibited these enhanced growths. CPF tended to react to DHT more but less to Cyc than LNCaP or NPF. RT-PCR results showed Shh induced EMT and DHT induced the expression of Gli-1, ON and EMT, and those inductions were blocked by Cyc. IHC staining showed that Stromal ON (ONstr) had significant correlation with serum PSA (p=0.031), high Gleason Scores had significant correlation with Ki-67, and PSA recurrence was related significantly to Gli-1 expression and lower expression of ONstr, suggesting PCa recurrence had a significant correlation with Shh-Gli-1 signaling. Conclusions: Shh signaling is involved in tumor-stromal interaction through a link with Androgens and EMT, and thus plays a pivotal role in PCa progression. Cyclopamine may therefore be a possible therapeutic agent for blocking PCa progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1407. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1407
Advances in Diagnostic Imaging and Overestimations of Disease Prevalence and the Benefits of Therapy
Authors: William C. Black, H. Gilbert Welch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Over the past two decades a vast new armamentarium of diagnostic techniques has revolutionized the practice of medicine. The entire human body can now be imaged in exquisite anatomical detail. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonography routinely “section” patients into slices less than a centimeter thick. Abnormalities can be detected well before they produce any clinical signs or symptoms. Undoubtedly, these technological advances have enhanced the physician's potential for understanding disease and treating patients. Unfortunately, these technological advances also create confusion that may ultimately be harmful to patients. Consider the case of prostate cancer. Although the prevalence . . .
193 PROGNOSTIC SERUM BIOMARKERS FOR GRAFT SURVIVAL AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IN HEPATITIS C PATIENTS
Authors: P. Fytili, C. Brauner, A. Zapf, A.A. Negm, A. Gronert, V. Schlaphoff, H. Barg-Hock, C. Strassburg, F. Lehner, M. Cornberg, M.P. Manns, C. Falk, H. Wedemeyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Magnetic resonance imaging detection of avascular necrosis of the bone in children receiving intensive prednisone therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia or non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: RC Ribeiro, BD Fletcher, W Kennedy, PL Harrison, MD Neel, SC Kaste, JT Sandlund, JE Rubnitz, BI Razzouk, MV Relling, C-H Pui
Journal: Leukemia (2001)