tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fatal case of human rabies imported to Italy from India highlights the importance of adequate post-exposure prophylaxis, October 2011
Authors: P De Benedictis, G Perboni, C Gentili, L Gaetti, F Zaffanella, F Mutinelli, I Capua, G Cattoli
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

In October 2011, an Indian man resident in Italy was admitted to a hospital in Mantua, Italy with symptoms of acute encephalitis. Due to a recent history of bite by a suspected rabid dog in India, where he had received incomplete post-exposure treatment, rabies was suspected. The patient died after 22 days of intensive care treatment and rabies was confirmed post mortem. This report stresses the need of appropriate post-exposure prophylaxis in rabies-endemic countries.
Depressive symptoms following stroke
Authors: R A Stern, D L Bachman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1991)

The primary purpose of this study was to assess the relation of lesion location to mood and vegetative disturbance following stroke.Fifty-two inpatients and outpatients who had had single, unilateral strokes were included. Patients with past CNS or psychiatric disorders were excluded. A modified Visual Analogue Dysphoria Scale was used to allow the inclusion of all but the most impaired aphasic patients. Sleep and eating disturbances were measured by using both self-report and nursing assessments. Location of lesions was determined by CT scan and classified according to three dimensions: right-left, dorsal-ventral, and frontal-nonfrontal.On measures of dysphoric mood and sleep disturbance, results indicated significant three-way interactions among the three lesion dimensions. No differences were found with regard to eating disturbance. Greater dysphoria and sleep disturbance were found in subjects with left parietal/occipital, left inferior frontal, right superior frontal, and right temporal lesions than in subjects with lesions in other locations. Depressive symptoms were not associated with functional impairment as measured by activities of daily living, motor strength, or severity of aphasia.These results support the hypothesis that lesion location is a valid and significant factor in the mixture of influences which may result in a dysphoric mood state following stroke. The relation between the site of the lesion and subsequent depressive symptoms, however, may be more complex than has been reported previously.
Bone Metastasis from Primary Splenic Angiosarcoma to the Sacrum Demonstrated by Tc-99m–Labeled Red Blood Cell and Tc-99m MDP Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: T. FIKRET ÇERMIK, MAHMUT YÜKSEL, MUZAFFER DEMIR, FILIZ ÖZYILMAZ, MERYEM KAYA, ÖZDEN VURAL, ŞAKIR BERKARDA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

FIKRET ÇERMIK, T. M.D.; YÜKSEL, MAHMUT M.D.; DEMIR, MUZAFFER M.D.; ÖZYILMAZ, FILIZ M.D.; KAYA, MERYEM M.D.; VURAL, ÖZDEN M.D.; BERKARDA, ŞAKIR M.D. Author Information
Abstract A15: Different stem-like characteristics of diffuse and intestinal type gastric cancer spheroids
Authors: Jong Won Lee, Jae Sook Sung, Seok Chung, Yeul Hong Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) have been hypothesized to drive the tumor initiation, metastasis and chemo-resistance. Identification of this subpopulation is important to understand the CSCs characteristics and the development of treatment strategy. Spheroid forming ability is the character of CSCs. Thus, sphere culture can be utilized for isolation of CSCs in cancer cell lines. Here, we applied Spheroid Film as a limiting dilution assay platform to isolate gastric CSCs from single cell sphere culture. Gastric cancer cell lines MKN28, MKN74, SNU484 and SNU638 was seeded as single cell in non-attached 361 micro-wells culture dish with serum free condition. After 2 weeks, each well was evaluated whether single cell formed spheroid or not. The population of spheroids was increased in sub-spheroid culture. The spheroids showed higher expression levels of stemness marker, such as OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG than parent cells. Moreover, they exhibited up-regulation of CSC related gene ALDH1A1 and CD44v8-10 compared with parent cells. Spheroids cell were more resistant to drug inducing apoptosis (5FU, Cisplatin and Paclitaxel) than parent cells. When spheroids injected in to skin of nude mice, it showed larger size of tumor than parent cells. Especially, the expression of stemness gene was higher in diffuse type (SNU484 and SNU638) than intestinal type (MKN28 and MKN74). Besides, diffuse type has lower IC50 value of anti-cancer drugs than intestinal type. In conclusion, cancer stem-like cells were isolated efficiently by single cell spheroid culture methods from gastric cancer cell lines. We have shown that different stem-like characteristics in spheroids cell, and it may be related with their histological type. Further investigation of difference between diffuse and intestinal type gastric cancer sphroids may provide novel insights to understand gastric cancer stem cells. Citation Format: Jong Won Lee, Jae Sook Sung, Seok Chung, Yeul Hong Kim. Different stem-like characteristics of diffuse and intestinal type gastric cancer spheroids. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2015 Oct 23-26; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A15.
Malaria
Authors: Wallace Peters
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

IN 1956 WHO launched its malaria-eradication campaign based primarily on the interruption of malaria transmission through the destruction of anopheline vectors by DDT. The first impact was so impressive, and the initial successes so spectacular, that within the following five years there was a rapid decline in the training of malaria workers and in drug research.Since then, however, unforeseen problems have arisen: resistance of malaria-carrying mosquitoes to insecticides, of parasites to drugs, and of man to the intrusion of malaria-control workers into his houses, as well as radical changes in the world's economy. The net result is a serious . . .
Use of Mathematical Modelling Indicates That Patients Treated for Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) Are Undertreated When Ideal Body Weight Is Used to Dose Chemotherapy
Authors: María Fuentes-Garí, Sophie Zemenides, Ruth Misener, Michael C. Georgiadis, Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos, Athanasios Mantalaris, Nicki Panoskaltsis
Journal: Blood (2015)
Alterations in Renal Function Produced by Ureteral Obstruction
Authors: William R. Pridgen
Journal: JAMA (1961)

COMPLETE URETERAL OBSTRUCTION initiates a sequence of events which leads ultimately to the complete destruction of its kidney. Although short periods of obstruction produce renal damage, 1 this has been shown to be almost completely reversible after its release. 2 This study was undertaken to determine the critical length of time a kidney could withstand complete obstruction. The end point was considered to have been exceeded when the kidney showed no evidence of reparative ability following removal of the obstruction.  Materials and Methods  Preliminary tubular (phenolsulfonphthalein) and glomerular (mannitol) function studies were obtainedfrom the left kidney in healthy mongrel dogs. The left ureter was then ligated and divided near the ureterovesical junction and implanted in an easily accessible subcutaneous pouch. These were allowed to remain completely obstructed from 1 to 5 weeks. Following removal of the ureteral ligature, the preliminary function studies were obtained after 24 hours and
Post-Transfusion Purpura
Authors: Corina E Gonzalez, Yolande M Pengetze
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

Post-transfusion purpura (PTP) is a rare bleeding disorder caused by alloantibodies specific to platelet antigens. The antibody against the human platelet alloantigen (HPA)-1a is responsible for most of the cases. The majority of affected patients are multiparous women who presumably have been previously sensitized during pregnancy. Blood transfusions rarely have been implicated as the primary cause for alloimmunization in PTP. Thrombocytopenia is usually severe and resolves spontaneously within several weeks. However, patients may develop severe if not fatal bleeding during the course of this disease. The diagnosis is confirmed by demonstrating that the patient's serum contains antibodies to platelet-specific antigens. Treatments for PTP include intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, and plasmapheresis.
Abstract P3-01-22: Sentinel lymph node metastases in breast cancer: A contributor to distant metastases?
Authors: ER Pereira, D Kedrin, D Jones, E Beech, A Taghian, TP Padera
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Breast cancer metastasis remains a major cause of mortality in patients. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of this complex process, the findings have yet to be translated into improved survival rates in patients with metastatic disease. The presence of lymph node metastasis in most breast cancer patients is associated with tumor aggressiveness, poorer prognosis and often results in the need for systemic therapy. However, whether tumor cells in the lymph node exit and contribute to distant metastases remains controversial. To track the fate of tumor cells that metastasized to the lymph node, we engineered breast tumor cell lines to express Dendra2, a photo-convertible protein that fluoresces green in the native state and on light activation converts to red fluorescence. Using a novel chronic lymph node window that allows time-lapse imaging over a period of 10 days, we were able to track the movement of cancer cells in the dynamic microenvironment using high- resolution multi-photon microscopy. Our studies show that tumor cells entering the lymph node through the afferent lymphatic vessel proliferate in the sub-capsular sinus and later begin to invade the lymph node parenchyma. Importantly, by photo-conversion of tumor cells in the lymph node, we are able to track the tumor cells that escaped the lymph node and entered the blood circulation. The circulating tumor cells that transited through the lymph node were viable and proliferated in vitro. Our data indicate that metastatic breast cancer cells can exit the node and potentially colonize distant organs. Citation Format: Pereira ER, Kedrin D, Jones D, Beech E, Taghian A, Padera TP. Sentinel lymph node metastases in breast cancer: A contributor to distant metastases?. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-01-22.
<i>S</i>-nitrosylation of the Mitochondrial Chaperone TRAP1 Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Inhibitors of Succinate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Salvatore Rizza, Costanza Montagna, Simone Cardaci, Emiliano Maiani, Giuseppina Di Giacomo, Virginia Sanchez-Quiles, Blagoy Blagoev, Andrea Rasola, Daniela De Zio, Jonathan S. Stamler, Francesco Cecconi, Giuseppe Filomeni
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) represents the best-documented denitrosylase implicated in regulating the levels of proteins posttranslationally modified by nitric oxide on cysteine residues by S-nitrosylation. GSNOR controls a diverse array of physiologic functions, including cellular growth and differentiation, inflammation, and metabolism. Chromosomal deletion of GSNOR results in pathologic protein S-nitrosylation that is implicated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we identify a metabolic hallmark of aberrant S-nitrosylation in HCC and exploit it for therapeutic gain. We find that hepatocyte GSNOR deficiency is characterized by mitochondrial alteration and by marked increases in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) levels and activity. We find that this depends on the selective S-nitrosylation of Cys501 in the mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1, which mediates its degradation. As a result, GSNOR-deficient cells and tumors are highly sensitive to SDH inhibition, namely to α-tocopheryl succinate, an SDH-targeting molecule that induced RIP1/PARP1-mediated necroptosis and inhibited tumor growth. Our work provides a specific molecular signature of aberrant S-nitrosylation in HCC, a novel molecular target in SDH, and a first-in-class therapy to treat the disease. Cancer Res; 76(14); 4170–82. ©2016 AACR.
Toward a Patient-Centered Value Framework in Oncology
Authors: Ethan Basch
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
British Medical Benevolent Fund
Authors: E. East
Journal: BMJ (1899)

Valvular heart disease affects 1%–2% of young individuals, many of whom aspire to partake in competitive sport or high intensity recreational exercise. There are limited reports on the impact of intensive physical activity on the progression of valvular heart disease; therefore, current recommendations are based on consensus opinion. The management of exercising individuals with valvular heart disease requires a structured approach that incorporates several key factors including symptomatic status, functional capacity, type and nature of the valvular lesion, impact on ventricular structure and function and effect on pulmonary artery pressure. Asymptomatic individuals with minor valvular abnormalities may engage in all forms of competitive sport, whereas those with lesions of moderate severity may exercise intensively if an exercise stress test tailored to the relevant physical activity reveals good functional capacity without myocardial ischaemia, haemodynamic disturbances or arrhythmia. Symptomatic athletes and those with severe valvular heart disease, impaired ventricular function, pulmonary hypertension and arrhythmias should refrain from most competitive sports. Athletes with a bicuspid aortic valve and aortic root diameter &gt;40 mm should avoid sport with a strong isometric component even with minimal valvular dysfunction. There is an association between mitral valve prolapse and sudden cardiac death in the general population; however, there is limited evidence of increased risk with competitive sport. Athletes undergoing corrective surgery may return to exercise after 3 months if ventricular function and exercise capacity are preserved. Individuals anticoagulated for mechanical bioprosthetic valves should avoid contact or collision sport to minimise the risk of bleeding.
Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy
Authors: R C Merrell
Journal: BMJ (2004)

procedure, entailing the implantation of a temporary device with a neuromodulation unit only slightly larger than a pager attached to the patient's regular pant belt.This stage 1 procedure is performed under local anaesthesia and takes less than 45 minutes.If the patient's symptoms improve by more than 50%, a permanent device is implanted in either buttock with a 6 cm incision.The device can be programmed via an extracorporeal handheld device for increases or decreases in power magnitude.The effects on nocturia have been remarkable, with a reduction of more than 60% in episodes of nocturia, even in patients taking diuretic medication.Adverse events such as pain at the implant site, lead migration, infection or skin irritation, or technical or device related problems are possible in up to one third of patients, and contraindications such as benign prostatic hypertrophy, cancer, or urethral stricture may exclude some patients from candidacy for the procedure 24 ; in general, however, sacral neuromodulation is an effective, safe, and reversible treatment and offers an important new option 22 for patients with symptoms of urgency, urge incontinence, and nocturia.
The Nod
Authors: Kimberly D. Manning
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical use of the antipsychotics
Authors: K A Kessler, J P Waletzky
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

Neuroleptics are the cornerstone for both the acute treatment and prevention of most schizophrenic episodes. The authors review the current practical information available for the clinical management of acute episodes and maintenance therapy, including dosage schedules, plasma level determinations, and side effects. All neuroleptics given in equivalent doses produce approximately the same degree of antipsychotic activity. The most common cause of treatment failure in acute psychosis is an inadequate dose, and the most common cause of relapse is patient noncompliance. Maintenance medication should be given at the lowest dose that will sustain improvement. The authors also discuss several new alternative drug treatments to neuroleptics.
Three cases of tularaemia in southern Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, November 2007
Authors: W Schätzle, R Schwenk
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

After contact with a dead rabbit in Baden-Wuerttemberg in southern Germany, three members of a family were infected with tularaemia in late summer 2007. The patients were a forest worker (Patient A) in his twenties, and his parents, both in their fifties. Tularaemia is very rare in Germany. From 2002 to 2006, between one and five cases were reported annually, with the exception of 2005 with 15 reported cases [1]. In 2007, 19 cases were reported, 11 of them in Baden-Wuerttemberg [2]. In the district in which the three cases occurred, no tularaemia cases had been reported in recent years.
Effects of parent loss: interaction with family size and sibling order
Authors: A D Sklar, R F Harris
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

The authors studied the effect of parent loss during the first 18 years of life and its interactions with family size and sibling order in a nonpsychiatric population of 247 men. Groups defined by loss type, family size, and sibling order were compared using MMPI scale scores. The results strongly suggest that parent loss and family size and their interaction have an important impact on adult personality traits as measured by MMPI scores. The strong adverse impact of intermittent loss and temporary loss in large families (much greater than that of permanent loss) is a crucial finding not previously noted in the literature.
Association of Systemic Sclerosis With a Unique Colonic Microbial Consortium
Authors: Elizabeth R. Volkmann, Yu‐Ling Chang, Nashla Barroso, Daniel E. Furst, Philip J. Clements, Alan H. Gorn, Bennett E. Roth, Jeffrey L. Conklin, Terri Getzug, James Borneman, Dermot P. B. McGovern, Maomeng Tong, Jonathan P. Jacobs, Jonathan Braun
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2016)

To compare colonic microbial composition in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients and healthy controls and to determine whether certain microbial genera are associated with gastrointestinal (GI) tract symptoms in patients with SSc.Healthy controls were age- and sex-matched (1:1) with adult SSc patients. Cecum and sigmoid mucosal lavage samples were obtained during colonoscopy. The microbiota in these samples were determined by Illumina HiSeq 2000 16S sequencing, and operational taxonomic units were selected. Linear discriminant analysis effect size was used to identify the genera that showed differential expression in SSc patients versus controls. Differential expression analysis for sequence count data was used to identify specific genera associated with GI tract symptoms.Among 17 patients with SSc (88% female; median age 52.1 years), the mean ± SD total GI Tract 2.0 score was 0.7 ± 0.6. Principal coordinate analysis illustrated significant differences in microbial communities in the cecum and sigmoid regions in SSc patients versus healthy controls (both P = 0.001). Similar to the findings in inflammatory disease states, SSc patients had decreased levels of commensal bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium and Clostridium, and increased levels of pathobiont bacteria, such as Fusobacterium and γ-Proteobacteria, compared with healthy controls. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, which are typically reduced under conditions of inflammation, were also increased in abundance in patients with SSc. In SSc patients with moderate/severe GI tract symptoms, the abundance of Bacteroides fragilis was decreased, and that of Fusobacterium was increased, compared with patients who had no or mild symptoms.This study demonstrates a distinct colonic microbial signature in SSc patients compared with healthy controls. This unique ecologic change may perpetuate immunologic aberrations and contribute to clinical manifestations of SSc.