tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FRI0575 The Presence and Intensity of Ultrasound Synovitis in Patients WTH Rheumatoid Arthritis is Higher in the Dominant Hand, Even in Those Patients in Clinical Remission
Authors: A.M. Bertoli, G.E. Py, M.J. Audisio
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Ultrasound (US) is a sensitive and reliable method for the assessment of inflammatory activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Many reduced scores have been proposed for measuring disease activity in an attempt to optimize time expended during US evaluation. Validity and responsiveness of these scores varies according to the number of joints examined; for example, some of them only assess the dominant hand. It is possible, nevertheless, that not examining the non-dominant hand would mislead the interpretation of the patients9 clinical status. <h3>Objectives</h3> To compare the number of joints with synovial hypertrophy (SH) and power Doppler (PD) signal in the dominant vs. the non-dominant hand <h3>Methods</h3> We evaluated 62 patients with diagnosis of RA (1987 ACR criteria). The presence and intensity of SH and PD signal was assessed in the wrist, metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of both hands. SH and PD signal were graded semi-quantitative from 0 to 3, according to OMERACT. An 11 index for both, SH and PD signal of each hand, were also obtained by the sum of the scores of the individual joints. The total number of joints with SH and PD signal and their respective indexes of the dominant hand were compared to those of the non-dominant hand using the Spearman9s rank order correlation coefficient. Two further sub-analysis were also performed, the first including a reduced joint assessment (wrist, second and third MCP9s) and the second including only patients in clinical remission and per the DAS28-ESR. <h3>Results</h3> Patients were predominantly females (81%) and they had a mean (SD) age of 55.6 (13.6) years and a median (IQR) disease duration of 83.5 (100.5) months. Median DAS28-ESR score was 3.1 (2.2). The Table below depicts total number of joints with SH and PD signal and their respective indexes in the dominant and non-dominant hand. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this study, we found that both, SH and PD signal, are highly correlated in both hands independently of the number of joints evaluated (complete vs. reduced assessment). When examining patients in clinical remission, theses correlations drop to moderate and poor. However, the dominant hand still displays more SH and PD signal compared to the non-dominant hand and, therefore, suitable to be used in reduced US scores even in patients in clinical remission. <h3>References</h3> Mandl P, Naredo E et al. A Systematic Literature Review Analysis of Ultrasound Joint Count and Scoring Systems to Assess Synovitis in Rheumatoid Arthritis According to the OMERACT Filter J Rheumatol 2011; 38:2055–62. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
First confirmed cases of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 in Norway
Authors: A Ingebretsen, G Hansen, C Harmanus, E  J Kuijper
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

Since 2003, the emergence and distribution of a hypervirulent strain of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 has been described in North America, Japan and several European countries [1-6]. In December 2007, C. difficile PCR ribotype 027 was found in two cases of C. difficile-associated disease treated in a hospital in Oslo, Norway.
Different ATM Signaling in Response to Chromium(VI) Metabolism via Ascorbate and Nonascorbate Reduction: Implications for <i>in Vitro</i> Models and Toxicogenomics
Authors: Michal W. Luczak, Samantha E. Green, Anatoly Zhitkovich
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Carcinogenic hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] requires cellular reduction to generate DNA damage. Metabolism of Cr(VI) by its principal reducer ascorbate (Asc) lacks a Cr(V) intermediate, which is abundant in reactions with a minor reducing agent, glutathione. Cultured cells are widely used in mechanistic studies of Cr(VI) toxicity; however, they typically contain < 1% of normal Asc levels. Asc deficiency is also expected to diminish protection against reactive oxygen species. We assessed how the presence of Asc in cells affects their stress signaling and survival responses to chromate. We investigated the effects of Asc restoration in human lung H460 cells and normal human lung fibroblasts on the activation and functional role of ATM kinase, which controls DNA damage responses involving several hundreds of proteins. Treatment of standard cultures with Cr(VI) strongly activated ATM, as indicated by its automodification at Ser1981 and by phosphorylation of checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2) and chromatin/transcription regulator KRAB-associated protein 1 (KAP1). Confirming the importance of activated ATM, its inhibition impaired replication recovery and clonogenic survival. In contrast, fully Asc-restored cells lacked ATM activation by Cr(VI), and ATM silencing produced no significant effects on p53 stabilization, apoptosis, replication recovery, or clonogenic survival. Dose dependence studies found a close correlation between ATM activation and the extent of Cr(VI) reduction by glutathione. Asc restoration in cultured cells dramatically altered their stress responses to Cr(VI) by preventing activation of the oxidant-sensitive ATM network. We suggest that toxicogenomic and other cell response-based approaches likely underestimate Cr(VI) genotoxicity when standard ATM-activating carcinogens are used as references. Luczak MW, Green SE, Zhitkovich A. 2016. Different ATM signaling in response to chromium(VI) metabolism via ascorbate and nonascorbate reduction: implications for in vitro models and toxicogenomics. Environ Health Perspect 124:61-66; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409434.
Public Confidence in the Health Care System 1 Year After the Start of the Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak — Sierra Leone, July 2015
Authors: Wenshu Li, Mohamed F. Jalloh, Rebecca Bunnell, Yvonne Aki-Sawyerr, Lansana Conteh, Paul Sengeh, John T. Redd, Sara Hersey, Oliver Morgan, Mohammad B. Jalloh, Ann O'Leary, Erin Burdette, Kathy Hageman
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

Ensuring confidence in the health care system has been a challenge to Ebola virus disease (Ebola) response and recovery efforts in Sierra Leone (1). A national multistage cluster-sampled household survey to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to Sierra Leone's health care system was conducted in July 2015. Among 3,564 respondents, 93% were confident that a health care facility could treat suspected Ebola cases, and approximately 90% had confidence in the health system's ability to provide non-Ebola services, including immunizations, antenatal care, and maternity care. Respondents in districts with ongoing Ebola transmission ("active districts") and respondents with higher educational levels reported more confidence in the health care system than did respondents in nonactive districts and respondents with less education. Active districts were the focus of the Ebola response; these districts implemented intensified social mobilization and communication efforts, and established district response centers, Ebola-specific health care facilities, and ambulances. Greater infrastructure and response capacity might have resulted in higher confidence in the health care system in these areas. Respondents ranked Ebola and malaria as the country's most important health issues. Health system recovery efforts in Sierra Leone can build on existing public confidence in the health system.
Vascular Reactions of Normal and Malignant Tissues &lt;italic&gt;in vivo&lt;/italic&gt;. III. Vascular Reactions of Mice to Fibroblasts Treated &lt;italic&gt;in vitro&lt;/italic&gt; with Methylcholanthrene
Authors: Glenn H. Algire, Harold W. Chalkley, Wilton R. Earle, Frances Y. Legallais, Helen D. Park, Emma Shelton, Edward L. Schilling
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1950)

Vascular Reactions of Normal and Malignant Tissues in vivo. III. Vascular Reactions of Mice to Fibroblasts Treated in vitro with Methylcholanthrene Get access Glenn H. Algire, Glenn H. Algire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Harold W. Chalkley, Harold W. Chalkley Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wilton R. Earle, Wilton R. Earle Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Frances Y. Legallais, Frances Y. Legallais assistance Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Helen D. Park, Helen D. Park Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Emma Shelton, Emma Shelton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edward L. Schilling Edward L. Schilling National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 11, Issue 3, December 1950, Pages 555–579, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/11.3.555 Published: 01 December 1950 Article history Received: 24 October 1950 Published: 01 December 1950
Effects of Ambient Air Pollution Exposure on Olfaction: A Review
Authors: Gaurav S. Ajmani, Helen H. Suh, Jayant M. Pinto
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Olfactory dysfunction affects millions of people worldwide. This sensory impairment is associated with neurodegenerative disease and significantly decreased quality of life. Exposure to airborne pollutants has been implicated in olfactory decline, likely due to the anatomic susceptibility of the olfactory nerve to the environment. Historically, studies have focused on occupational exposures, but more recent studies have considered effects from exposure to ambient air pollutants.To examine all relevant human data evaluating a link between ambient pollution exposure and olfaction and to review supporting animal data in order to examine potential mechanisms for pollution-associated olfactory loss.We identified and reviewed relevant articles from 1950 to 2015 using PubMed and Web of Science and focusing on human epidemiologic and pathophysiologic studies. Animal studies were included only to support pertinent data on humans. We reviewed findings from these studies evaluating a relationship between environmental pollutant exposure and olfactory function.We identified and reviewed 17 articles, with 1 additional article added from a bibliography search, for a total of 18 human studies. There is evidence in human epidemiologic and pathologic studies that increased exposure to ambient air pollutants is associated with olfactory dysfunction. However, most studies have used proxies for pollution exposure in small samples of convenience. Human pathologic studies, with supporting animal work, have also shown that air pollution can contact the olfactory epithelium, translocate to the olfactory bulb, and migrate to the olfactory cortex. Pollutants can deposit at each location, causing direct damage and disruption of tissue morphology or inducing local inflammation and cellular stress responses.Ambient air pollution may impact human olfactory function. Additional studies are needed to examine air pollution-related olfactory impacts on the general population using measured pollution exposures and to link pollution exposure with olfactory dysfunction and related pathology. Citation: Ajmani GS, Suh HH, Pinto JM. 2016. Effects of ambient air pollution exposure on olfaction: a review. Environ Health Perspect 124:1683-1693; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP136.
Treatment of advanced, epithelial-derived cancer (AEC) with intraperitoneal implantation of agarose-agarose macrobeads (MB) containing mouse renal adenocarcinoma cells (RENCA).
Authors: C. H. Keir, A. J. Ocean, T. J. Fahey, N. Berman, A. Wadke, L. Kelly-Rossini, M. J. Goldstein, D. B. Leeser, F. Michelassi, B. H. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

e13594 Background: This first in-human Phase I trial evaluates the treatment of AEC by the intraperitoneal implantation of RENCA MB. MB consist of two concentric agarose layers with RENCA in the inner layer. Of 150,000 cells originally in the inner layer, greater than 99% die. One sub-population of remaining cells has stem cell properties that form colonies and secrete factors to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells outside the MB, in vitro or in vivo. Inhibition is neither species- nor tumor type–specific. Release of such inhibitory signals from cancer cells, in a proliferation-restrictive environment, may be a useful adjunct in human cancer. Primary endpoint: safety; secondary endpoint: efficacy. Methods: This open-label, IRB-approved IND trial enrolled 31 patients (pts) with AEC (rectum, pancreas, liver, colon, lung, prostate, ovarian). Informed consent obtained. Either 8 or 16 RENCA MB/kg implanted into the peritoneal cavity via laparoscopy. Serial physicals, lab cytokine profiles, and PET/CT or MRI were done pre- and post-implant to assess safety and efficacy. Results: 31 pts (15M: 16F) implanted with RENCA MB. Mean age 59. Mean number of MB implanted 809 (range 415-1520). 6/31 pts had >1 implant. MB were well tolerated with fatigue and anorexia lasting days to 3 wks. Less frequent adverse events (AE), not necessarily related to MB, were abdominal pain, constipation, pyrexia, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, localized fluid collections around MB, ascites, abdominal distension, peripheral edema. Preliminary indicators of potential efficacy included decreases in tumor markers, disease stabilization, improvement in pain and quality of life (EORTC scale). 27/31 pts have died since 2005. 4 ongoing pts. Mean number of days from implant to death was 164 (range 13-607). None of the deaths were related to RENCA MB or to their implantation. Conclusions: Safety and toleration were demonstrated in 31 implanted pts. Most pts had a positive therapeutic effect. Serious AE and deaths were related to disease progression and complications from the underlying carcinomas.A phase II trial in pts with refractory pancreas and colorectal cancers is ongoing.
Sarcoid Pericarditis and Large Vessel Vasculitis Detected on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Darshan Patel, Karen Xie, Nadera J. Sweiss, Yang Lu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

A 65-year-old woman with history of sarcoidosis, hypertension, and peripheral vascular disease presented with lower extremity claudication and low left ventricular ejection fraction of 45% on echocardiogram. Further FDG PET/CT revealed hypermetabolic bilateral chest lymphadenopathy and pulmonary nodules in a butterfly-shaped distribution pattern, which was typically seen in patients with sarcoidosis. In addition, abnormal increased radiotracer uptake was present in pericardium, and along the walls of inferior vena cava, aorta, and pulmonary artery, which correlated with delayed enhancement on further cardiac MRI. These findings were suggestive of sarcoid-related pericarditis and great vessel vasculitis.
Soundings: Of cats, mice, and cocaine
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The cats that live in our apartment share many characteristics with their owners. They eat, sleep, can be noisy, and occasionally fight. Each cat has a unique personality, just like humans and also (according to an Indian friend) cows. As with humans, they pose interesting but unanswerable metaphysical questions, such as why are they here (it was to reduce the cat load of friends with an unexpectedly large litter), what is the purpose of their life (other than to convert old furniture into very old furniture), and is there a cat heaven (with plenty of mice to eat and carpets to tear up).

With reference to the last question, a cat was recently allowed past the pearly gates and given a golfmobile to get around—followed by 12 mice, provided only with roller skates. An audit six months later found the cat very happy. “It is wonderful here,” he said, and “thank God for those delicious meals on wheels.”

Far from heaven, in our laboratory, we once used mice to study the action of cocaine, under the watchful eye of a mouse-friendly institutional scientific review board. Mice are exquisitely sensitive to cocaine but benefit greatly from pretreatment with clonidine. This confirms that cocaine acts at least in part through the sympathetic nervous system and explains why for many patients clonidine is the preferred antihypertensive drug, which they ingest in large quantities and also pass on to their street friends.

But to return to cats. Cats offer an irresistible opportunity for punning, as shown by Mark Twain's Catasauqua, her siblings, Cattaraugus and Catiline, her former husband, Catullus, her many catercousins, her catechism, and her catacaustic remarks. Cat healthcare bills can be catastrophic, there is no government supported medicat progamme, and there is no reimbursement for immunisation shots, declawing, and other services. Previous generations of our cats have developed diabetes requiring insulin, and various forms of renal diseases; so far we have avoided dialysis or transplantation, except for a brief episode of peritoneal dialysis some 30 years ago. The bill even then caused a man from a less developed country to explain that at home he could buy a wife for the same money.
Children wait a decade for mental health support, report finds
Authors: Helen Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Children and young people with mental health difficulties are forced to wait an average of 10 years between first becoming unwell and getting help, a report has found.1

An evidence review by the Centre for Mental Health charity found that only a quarter of school age children with a diagnosable problem received any intervention at all despite most parents of these children seeking professional advice. And it warned that, when children and families do seek help, they are “frequently confused by a maze of largely fragmented services and often face lengthy delays to get the help they need.”

The review found a “very mixed and confusing picture” of the current state of children and of young people’s mental health over time. “Increases in distress and …
Augmenting pre-operative risk of recurrence stratification in differentiated thyroid carcinoma using machine learning and high dimensional transcriptional data from thyroid FNA.
Authors: Steven I. Sherman, Moraima Pagan, Jing Huang, Bamboo Lin, James Diggans, Ed Tom, Bryan Haugen, R. Michael Tuttle, Giulia Kennedy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

6044 Background: In addition to improving survival, a risk adapted approach to thyroid cancer therapy should minimize risk of recurrence. Currently, patients are classified post-operatively as high, intermediate or low risk of recurrence using 2009 ATA staging. Though clinically useful, this anatomic staging cannot be assessed pre-thyroidectomy, and does not include molecular predictors of outcome. Our goal was to determine if transcriptional data obtained from FNA of malignant thyroid nodules augment risk stratification before thyroidectomy. Methods: We used FNA material from 81 samples preoperatively collected in a previous study and post-surgically diagnosed as PTC. Each patient was categorized as either ATA low risk or ATA intermediate/high risk using established guidelines for recurrence risk stratification. Microarray expression data were obtained on all samples and supervised learning was used to train classifiers (Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), penalized logistic regression (PLR), and an ensemble of the 3). Performance was measured using 10-fold cross-validation on the training cohort. Results: Classifiers were built using the top 70 genes from LIMMA models that controlled for BRAF status. Maximum classification performance of ATA low risk vs. ATA intermediate/high risk was observed for an ensemble classifier with a maximal area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.83. All the classifiers achieved similar AUCs: SVM 0.82, RF 0.82, and PLR 0.82. Genes useful in classification belong to transmembrane signaling pathways including ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and cell adhesion molecules. When applied to the training cohort, the ensemble classifier correctly identified 72.4% (21/29) of ATA low risk tumors and 82.6% (43/52) of ATA intermediate/high risk tumors. Conclusions: Transcriptional data from FNA of thyroid nodules may improve the pre-operative prediction of risk for post-operative recurrence. If independently validated in a sufficiently large number of patients, such molecular classifiers may augment initial risk stratification and individualization of patient care.
Treatment of Regional Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer—Not Recommended for All Patients With 1 to 3 Positive Auxiliary Nodes
Authors: Jay R. Harris
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

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