tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Understanding age-related diseases: report of the 2015 Ageing Summit
Authors: Lies Lahousse, Emmanuel Moyse, Slavica Krantic, Guy G. Brusselle
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

The Ageing Summit was held on 10–12th February, 2015 in London. The aim was to discuss advances in the understanding of ageing and the intriguing link with concomitant disorders of the ageing brain, heart and lung. The summit encompassed four thematic sessions of research: cell biology, anti-ageing processes, (epi)genetic regulation and age-related diseases. Based on the nine hallmarks of ageing, this report provides a synopsis of the multidisciplinary meeting on the ageing process, and highlights the most relevant results related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Since ageing may mechanistically link COPD and its comorbidities, this overview is of interest to clinicians and researchers. To understand age-related diseases, we must explore how ageing fosters conditions from which these diseases sprout <http://ow.ly/UbLYu>
Kidney Stones
Authors: Ann R. Punnoose, Robert M. Golub, Cassio Lynm
Journal: JAMA (2012)

To bladder Kidney stones Kidney stone KidneyK idney stones can be composed of different substances that are dissolved in the urine, such as calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine.Kidney stones form when there is an imbalance between the concentration of these substances and the chemicals in the urine that usually keep the substances dissolved.Frequent urinary tract infections from certain bacteria can also lead to the formation of a type of stone called struvite.Often, stones in the urinary tract (urolithiasis) are small enough to pass through the urinary system without causing any symptoms.However, bigger stones can lodge anywhere in the ureters, the tubes that lead from the kidneys to the bladder.This can block the flow of urine and cause severe pain.
Australia antigen and hepatitis.
Authors: L Melartin
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Australia Antigen: Melbourne workers find that in hepatitis patients Australia antigen is associated with transfusions and older age (p.259).British workers report presence of virus-like structures on electron-microscopy similar to those of the coronavirus group (p.262).Leader on this page.Withdrawal of Chlormadinone: Leader at p. 251.Letters from a manufacturer and others (p.303).Antenatal Thromboembolism: Clinical management of anticoagulant therapy in pregnancy (p.270).Leader at p. 249.Hay-fever: A study of the effects of methylprednisolone acetate, a slow-release injection, on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (p.267).Malignant Hyperpyrexia: A family investigation suggests an association with subclinical myopathy (p.275).Alcoholic Hypoglycaemia in Children: Three examples (pp. 278and 280).Other Clinical Studies: Role of renin in acute renal failure (p.253; leader at p. 250), diabetic retinopathy (p.264), "pugnacious pink buffers" (p.273), and polyarteritis presenting with leg pain (p.277).Influenza Epidemic: Leader on the neurological complications (p.248); P.H.L.S. report on viral isolations and graph of deaths (p.311).
Targeted Prostate Gland Biopsy With Combined Transrectal Ultrasound, mpMRI, and 18F-FMAU PET/CT
Authors: Hossein Jadvar, Kai Chen, Osamu Ukimura
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

We report on a 61-year-old man with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen level of 10.5 ng/mL who had undergone prior negative standard transrectal ultrasound biopsy at another institution. He was referred to our medical center for evaluation and underwent a clinical 3-T multiparametric MRI and a research protocol PET/CT with the cellular proliferation radiotracer (18)F-FMAU (2'-deoxy-2'-[(18)F]fluoro-5-methyl-1-β-D-arabinofuranosyluracil). The PET/CT and multiparametric MRI were fused with transrectal ultrasound images for real-time hybrid image-based targeting of the biopsy needle. PET/CT with (18)F-FMAU was helpful in localizing the nonstandard biopsy sites that on histopathology revealed suspected tumor deposits.
OC-098 Faecal immunochemical testing for haemoglobin in symptomatic patients can help decide need for colonoscopy
Authors: LR Macdonald, L Smith, IM Godber, LM Todd, CG Fraser, M Downey, A Mukherjee, H Ben Younes
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Colonoscopy is an invasive test with associated risks and the majority performed in our NHS Trust are not associated with serious pathology. We aimed to determine whether colorectal cancer could be excluded, and colonoscopy resources better utilised, using faecal haemoglobin concentration (f-Hb) measurements to triage patients presenting in primary care with lower abdominal symptoms. <h3>Method</h3> Patients referred from primary care to NHS Lanarkshire with colorectal symptoms, who were vetted straight to test for colonoscopy, were asked to participate. Patients were asked to complete a single faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for f-Hb measurement prior to colonoscopy. F-Hb levels were then correlated with colonoscopic and histopathological findings. <h3>Results</h3> This was a diagnostic accuracy study. From 909 invited patients, 507 patients completed a FIT test. Four hundred and eighty four (484) of them had a colonoscopy. Findings at colonoscopy revealed a total of 45 cases (9.3%) with significant pathology (11 colorectal cancers, 19 high-risk adenomas, 3 inflammatory bowel disease and 12 other colitides). These had a significantly higher (p &lt; 0.0001) f-Hb than those with a normal colonoscopy (243) or findings with less clinical importance e.g. diverticular disease (196). When a f-Hb cut-off of 10 µg Hb/g faeces is used the sensitivity was 68.9% (95% CI: 53.2–81.4) with a specificity of 80.2% (95% CI: 76.1–83.7). The negative predictive value was particularly high at 96.2% (95% CI: 93.5–97.8) with a positive predictive value of 26.3% (95% CI: 18.8–35.3). Of the 243 with normal colonoscopies, 81.2% had f-Hb &lt;10 µg Hb/g faeces. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Considerable potential exists with using f-Hb measurements to assist with triaging symptomatic patients within in a clinical pathway, to either colonoscopy or clinic assessment. This is particularly true with the high negative predictive value of f-Hb suggesting that it can rule out colorectal cancer and other significant colorectal disease with a negative test. No cases of colorectal cancer, in our population, would be missed when using a f-Hb level of &lt;10 µg Hb/g faeces as a cut off. Those with a positive f-Hb could be fast-tracked as they are at higher risk of significant colorectal disease while those with a lower f-Hb level might be best served by initial clinic review. This would help to conserve hospital resources, and ensure timely and appropriate assessment for symptomatic patients. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
OP0012 Use of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound among Young Rheumatologists in Europe
Authors: J.M. Senabre Gallego, J. Rosas, G. Santos-Soler, E. Salas-Heredia, X. Barber, A. Pons, C. Cano, M.L. Lorente
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To know the musculoskeletal ultrasound (MUS) use and skills among young rheumatologists in Europe, the availability of ultrasound facility in his workplace and the applications of this technique in daily clinical practice. <h3>Methods</h3> All rheumatologist members of EMEUNET (EMerging EULar NETwork), a network of young rheumatologists in Europe, were email solicited to participate in this online survey. The questionnaire consists of 23 questions regarding demographic data, availability of an ultrasound facility in the workplace, MUS clinical use, and specific training in MUS. Simple descriptive statistics were calculated. <h3>Results</h3> 223 rheumatologists of 48 countries responded the survey. 55% were woman, and average age was 33 years (range 25-50). 43% were still rheumatology trainees and 73,5% work in a teaching hospital, most of them in the public health systems (65,5%). Most of the responders had an MUS facility during his fellowship (77,6%) and in his current workplace (82,5%). 47% of respondents perform more than 5 MUS scans in one week, while 30,5% perform less than 5 scans per week and 22,5% usually do not perform any scan in one week. Only 37% admit to have a specific time scheduled in their agenda to perform MUS. This technique was used regularly to confirm/exclude the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (81,6%), soft tissue pathology (67,7%), and spondyloarthritis (52,9%), but only few of the respondents use it to diagnose vasculitis, like temporal arteritis (16,4%). Regarding activity assessment, 76,7% regularly use MUS to monitor rheumatoid arthritis, but only 35% use it to monitor spondyloarthritis. 64,6% use MUS to perform sonographic-guided musculoskeletal interventional procedures. The anatomical regions most frequently explored are listed in table 1, and the most complicated regions to scan are listed in table 2. 64,1% of the respondents thought that their use of MUS in clinical practice was less than desirable, due a lack of training (51,4%) or a lack of time (26%). The vast majority of surveyed (93,3%) had received some MUS training but 67,1% thought that their skills in MUS were not adequate for their needs. <h3>Conclusions</h3> 1. The availability of ultrasound equipment in rheumatology clinics is high. 2. Almos half of respondents perform more than 5 MUS scans per week, and 37% have a specific time scheduled in their work agendas. 3. Use MUS to confirm the diagnosis and to assess activity of RA was regularly done by most of the surveyed. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> This study was supported by a grant from Asociaciόn para la Investigaciόn en Reumatología Marina Baixa (AIRE-MB). With the endorsement of EMEUNET (Emerging EULAR NETwork) and with the kind help of EMEUNET working group. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
A mitochondrial DNA discontinuity in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk: pleistocene vicariance biogeography and secondary intergradation.
Authors: H Quesada, C M Beynon, D O Skibinski
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1995)

Studies of clinal variation have helped greatly in the elucidation of the mechanisms of both adaptation and speciation (Endler 1977;Barton and Hewitt 1989).Clines have been explained by selection acting within a continuous population ( primary intergradation ) or, more frequently, as the result of contact between populations differentiated in allopatry (secondary intergradation) (Endler 1977;Barton and Hewitt 1989).However, a frequent problem in interpreting empirical studies of allozyme or morphological clines is that both primary and secondary intergradation may generate similar distributions of characters (Endler 1977;Barton and Hewitt 1989).Theoretical and experimental studies suggest that the interpretation of clinal variation is aided by historical considerations (see, e.g., Thorpe 1984; Gonzalez-Villasenor and Powers 1990;Gallant et al. 1993).Mitochondrial DNA analysis provides a historical perspective because it permits the construction of a phylogenetic tree of haplotypes (Avise 1994).If this tree has a deep phylogenetic split, which separates haplotypes occurring at high frequency on either side of the cline, secondary contact is favored, particularly if the phylogenetic split is more ancient than any present-day barrier to gene flow ( Gonzalez-Villasenor and Powers 1990; Avise 1994).Alternatively, low haplotype divergence would suggest primary intergradation and a lack of genetic isolation.The mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis provides an interesting model system for studies of mtDNA phylogeography.In Europe, its range extends from the Black Sea and Mediterranean to the British Isles (Gosling 1992a), a geographical region strongly affected by welldocumented Pleistocene glaciations and contemporary oceanographic boundaries (Pielou 1979; Tintore et al. 1988).Mussels, in common with many marine organisms, have a pelagic larval stage that is believed to have
SP0113 Monocyte and Macrophage Dynamics in Atherosclerosis and Plaque Vulnerability
Authors: M. De Winther
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Inflammation plays a prominent role in atherosclerosis development and associated cardiovascular disease. Macrophages are key immune cells found in atherosclerotic plaques and critically shape atherosclerotic disease development and clinical outcome. They are one of the most plastic cells of the hematopoietic system. In response to micro-environmental stimuli they adopt different polarization states driving their functional repertoire in tissue homeostasis, host defense and pathology. Whilst several efforts have been made to classify macrophages, the binary M1/M2 classification remains the most used and offers a useful reductionist framework to study and describe their function. We described the association of macrophage subsets with specific regions in human atherosclerotic plaques. Inflammatory M1 macrophages associated with plaque rupture prone shoulder regions, while M2 macrophages dominated in the adventitia. A main focus of our research interest is on the targeting of macrophage regulation, to allow skewing of their phenotype and improve atherosclerosis outcome. Epigenetic pathways, including histone modifications, are now emerging as important regulators of immune responses. In recent studies we have been identifying histone-modifying enzymes that are regulated in human atherosclerotic plaque stability and affect macrophage functioning. We could show that modifying the epigenome, by for instance targeting of HDAC3, can be used to beneficially influence the phenotype of macrophages, to allow dampening of atherosclerosis development and stabilize atherosclerotic lesions. Additional enzymes have been identified and are being studied. Overall, monocytes and macrophages are essential regulators of atherosclerotic plaque development and stability, and approaches targeting the functional repertoire of macrophages may hold novel approaches for future atherosclerosis management. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Dose-escalated CHOP plus etoposide (Hi-CHOEP) is not superior to base-line CHOEP in young good-prognosis patients with aggressive lymphoma: Results of a randomized DSHNHL trial
Authors: M. G. Pfreundschuh, S. Zeynalova, U. Duehrsen, K. Pflueger, T. Vrieling, W. E. Berdel, H. Mergenthaler, H. Einsele, M. Bentz, N. Schmitz, M. Loeffler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

7513 Background: The addition of etoposide to CHOP (CHOEP) resulted in improved outcome of young patients with good-prognosis aggressive lymphoma (NHL-B1 trial; Blood 2004, 104:626). In order to improve results further, the maximal dose-escalated version of CHOEP-21 tolerable without stem cell support in a preceding dose-escalation study (Hi-CHOEP: C: 1400 mg/m 2 , H: 65 mg/m 2 , O: 2 mg, E: 175 mg/m 2 × 3, P: 100 mg × 5) was compared to baseline CHOEP-21 in a randomized trial. Methods: Intention-to-treat-analysis comparing CHOEP-21 (n = 194) with Hi-CHOEP (n = 195) in 389 young (18–60 years) patients with good-prognosis (aaIPI = 0,1) aggressive lymphoma. Results: Despite excellent adherence to the protocol (median relative dose of myelosuppressive drugs CHOEP-21: 98%; Hi-CHOEP: 93%), CR/CRu (78.4% vs. 79.5%; p = 0.783), and progressions (12.4% vs. 9.7%; p = 0.409) were not significantly different. After 37 months median observation, there was no difference in the primary endpoint time to treatment failure (64% vs. 68%; p = 0.639) nor overall survival (83% vs. 86%; p = 0.849). Neither low-risk nor low-intermediate risk patients profited from Hi-CHOEP. In a multivariate analysis, elevated LDH and advanced stage (III&amp;IV) were confirmed as independent risk factors for TTF and survival. Hi-CHOEP was considerably more toxic than CHOEP-21 (grade 3 &amp; 4 leukocytopenia 100% vs. 87.2%, p &lt; 0.001, thrombocytopenia 80.8% vs. 9.6%, p &lt; 0.001; infections 19.7% vs. 5.4%, p ≤ 0.001; therapy associated deaths 2.6% vs. 0%). Conclusions: Due to its equal efficacy and lower toxicity, CHOEP-21 is to be preferred over dose-escalated Hi-CHOEP. Our results indicate that dose escalation (in contrast to dose-densification and/or addition of rituximab) does not hold promise for young good-prognosis patients with aggressive lymphoma. Supported by Deutsche Krebshilfe. [Table: see text]
Plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) modulates adaptive immune functions through alternation of T helper cell polarization
Authors: Catherine Desrumaux, Stéphanie Lemaire-Ewing, Nicolas Ogier, Akadiri Yessoufou, Arlette Hammann, Anabelle Sequeira-Le Grand, Valérie Deckert, Jean-Paul Pais de Barros, Naïg Le Guern, Julien Guy, Naim Akhtar Akhtar Khan, Laurent Lagrost
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2015)
AB1116 Associated Factors of Erosive Arthritis in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Connective Tissue Diseases: A Retrospective Study from Southern Chinese Population
Authors: D. Chen, Z. Zhan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Erosive arthritis (EA) was common in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and connective tissue diseases (CTDs), which indicated poor outcomes. It would be clinically useful to identify a subset of patients at an early stage of the disease process who have a high risk of developing EA. Most of the previous studies focused on EA in RA, less about other CTDs. T <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the putative predictors of EA in patients with RA and other CTDs, thus improve appropriate medical intervention and a better prognosis. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective review of the medical records between 2010 and 2013 was performed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University. Patients9 baseline information including demographic variables, clinical features, radiological characters and serological parameters was collected. <h3>Results</h3> One thousand and sixty seven patients [338 with RA, 408 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 69 with primary Sjögren9s syndrome (pSS), 33 with systemic sclerosis (SSc), 35 with adult onset Still9s Disease (AOSD), 94 with vasculitis, 59 with undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD), 8 with multiple connective tissue disease (MCTD), 19 with inflammatory myopathy, 2 with polymyalgia rheumatica and 2 with erythema nodosum] were selected. EA was noted in 60.4% (204/338) of patients with RA, 1.5% (6/408) of patients with SLE, 5.8% (4/69) of patients with pSS, and 9.1% (3/33) of patients with UA. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that rheumatoid nodules (OR=3.04, 95%CI 1.26–7.34, <i>P</i>=0.01), anemia (OR=3.31, 95%CI1.21–9.02, <i>P</i>=0.02), and positive anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) (OR=6.49, 95%CI 3.34–12.63, <i>P</i>&lt;0.01) were strongly associated factors for the occurrence of EA in RA patients. When compared with patients without EA, high level and prominently higher positive rate of ACPA was found in SLE and pSS. Statistically significant association was found between ACPA (<i>P</i>=0.03) as well as IgM-rheumatoid factors (RF) positivity (<i>P</i>=0.01) and the presence of EA in SSc. <h3>Conclusions</h3> EA occurred early in RA and indicated poor outcomes. Anemia, rheumatoid nodules and ACPA were associated with EA development in RA. SLE overlapping RA, pSS progressing to RA-associated secondary disease and UA evolving to RA also could induce EA. Anti-CCP antibodies also could be detected in these diseases and was closely associated with EA. This may be a useful biomarker in identifying a subset of CTDs patients with high risk for development of EA. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> Project supported by Technology Project of Guangdong Province (No. 2011B080701011, No. 2010B080701099, No. 2012B031800457) and Medical science foundation of Guangdong Province (B 2014116). <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
High intracellular calcium concentrations in transformed lymphoblasts from subjects with bipolar I disorder
Authors: M Emamghoreishi, L Schlichter, P P Li, S Parikh, J Sen, A Kamble, J J Warsh
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

Higher basal concentrations of intracellular calcium Ca2+ in platelets and lymphocytes from subjects with bipolar affective disorder than in unipolar depressed and healthy subjects implicate abnormal intracellular Ca2+ signaling in bipolar disorder. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether these intracellular Ca2+ abnormalities are trait related.Basal Ca2+ concentration was measured by using ratiometric fluorescence assay with fura-2 for T lymphocytes and Epstein-Barr-virus-immortalized B lymphoblasts from physically healthy subjects with DSM-IV diagnoses of bipolar mood disorder (bipolar I, N = 28; bipolar II, N = 11) or major depressive disorder (N = 14), mixed psychiatric patients with non-mood disorders (N = 14), and health subjects (N = 20). Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated (10 micrograms/ml) intracellular Ca2+ levels were also determined in T lymphocytes.The basal Ca2+ concentration was significantly higher in the B lymphoblasts from patients with bipolar I disorder, but not bipolar II disorder or major depression, than in healthy subjects or psychiatric patients with nonmood disorders. There was a significant interaction between gender and diagnosis in the effect on basal Ca2+ levels in T lymphocytes. Contrasts of diagnoses within gender revealed significantly higher basal Ca2+ concentrations in T lymphocytes in male bipolar I patients, but not mean with bipolar II disorder or major depression, than in healthy male comparison subjects. Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated Ca2+ concentrations did not differ among groups, but the percent differences from basal Ca2+ levels were lower in bipolar I and depressed patients than in healthy subjects.These findings support the occurrence of abnormal calcium homeostasis in bipolar disorder and suggest that trait-dependent factors account, at least partly, for the higher basal lymphocyte Ca2+ concentration in bipolar I subjects.