tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction
Authors: JAMES L. ORFORD, PABLO E. DIBOS, GABRIEL SOUDRY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction is an underdiagnosed but important clinical condition. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of biliary pain when the gallbladder sonogram shows no evidence of gallbladder disease. Hepatobiliary scanning (Tc-99m dimethyl iminodiacetic acid) may provide valuable information in the evaluation of these patients and may be helpful in monitoring response to treatment.
Abstract 547: Changes in proteomic and epigenetic expression patterns in tumour associated fibroblasts (TAF) by interaction with urinary bladder carcinoma cells
Authors: Astrid Enkelmann, Joana Heinzelmann, Niko Escher, Martina Walter, Michaela Weidig, Heiko Wunderlich, Kerstin Junker
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Tumour development and progression is strongly affected by interaction of tumour cells and tumour stroma. For different tumour models (e.g. breast cancer) a supportive effect of TAF on the tumour genesis was demonstrated. Purpose of the present work is the isolation and characterisation of TAF from primary urinary bladder tumour specimen. A further part of this study will deal with the influence of urinary bladder carcinoma cell lines on protein expression of TAF. Material and Methods: TAF were isolated from cultured urinary bladder tumour specimen. Therefore, primary tumour material was treated with EDTA followed by differential trypsinisation. Non-tumour fibroblasts were isolated from foreskin and normal urinary bladder tissue. Analyses of protein patterns were carried out on cultivated fibroblasts by SELDI-TOF-MS. TAF and foreskin fibroblasts were co-cultivated with urinary bladder cancer cell lines in separated cell culture compartments followed by SELDI-TOF-MS analyses. Furthermore total RNA was isolated from TAF and non-tumour fibroblasts to analyse the miRNA expression profile by miRNA Microarray. Results: By optimizing cell culture routines it was possible to isolate and subsequently cultivate TAF from primary tumour material of the urinary bladder. SELDI-TOF-MS measurements reveal differences in the proteomic patterns of TAF and non-tumour fibroblasts. Microarray analyses indicate different expression levels of several miRNAs in TAF and non-tumour fibroblasts. Co-cultivation of urinary bladder carcinoma cells and TAF or non-tumour fibroblasts induces modified protein patterns in the different cell types. Conclusion: TAF can be isolated and cultivated separately from primary tumour material. TAF are characterised by the expression of a specific protein pattern and miRNA profile in comparison to non-tumour fibroblasts. Co-cultivation with tumour cells revealed the induction of a modified expression profile in fibroblasts and vice versa. The present results will provide a more detailed understanding of the function of TAF in the tumour development of urinary bladder carcinoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 547.
OP0116 Effects of Blisibimod, a Subcutaneous Inhibitor of B Cell Activating Factor, in Patients with SLE
Authors: R. Furie, M. Scheinberg, G. Leon, E. B. Ramiterre, M. Thomas, A. D. Chu, C. Hislop, R. S. Martin, M. A. Petri
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Blisibimod, a potent inhibitor of B cell activating factor (BAFF), was evaluated in a Phase 2b clinical trial in patients with SLE. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the effect of subcutaneous blisibimod on SLE disease activity, including rate of response to the SLE responder index (SRI). <h3>Methods</h3> 547 serologically-active SLE patients with baseline SELENA-SLEDAI ≥6 were randomized to receive blisibimod (100mg weekly (QW), 200mg QW, or 200mg Q4W) or placebo in matchin dosing regimens. The primary endpoint was a comparison at Week 24 of the percentage of subjects in the pooled blisibimod and placebo groups who achieved an SRI-5 response (SRI with ≥5 point improvement in SELENA–SLEDAI). <h3>Results</h3> The primary endpoint was not met due to the lack of efficacy in the two lower doses. However, SRI-5 response was higher in subjects receiving blisibimod 200mg QW compared with placebo (p=0.02 at Week 20). SRI improvements compared with placebo were higher still in subjects who attained SELENA–SLEDAI improvements of ≥8, and in patients with severe disease (SELENA–SLEDAI≥10 and receiving corticosteroids, n=278, figure 1 ). Despite declining patient numbers, response to blisibimod remained higher than placebo beyond Week 24 while N&gt;30 subjects per cohort. Numerically higher response was also observed with blisibimod in all components of the SRI. Blisibimod was safe and well-tolerated at all dose levels with no meaningful imbalances in serious adverse events or infections compared with placebo. <h3>Image/graph</h3> <h3>Conclusions</h3> These are the first evidence that SLE disease activity may be improved with subcutaneous injections of a novel biologic therapy. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> R. Furie Consultant for: Anthera Pharmaceuticals, M. Scheinberg: None Declared, G. Leon: None Declared, E. Ramiterre: None Declared, M. Thomas: None Declared, A. Chu: None Declared, C. Hislop Employee of: Anthera Pharmaceuticals, R. Martin: None Declared, M. Petri Employee of: Anthera Pharmaceuticals
Transfers to a Public Hospital
Authors: Robert L. Schiff, David A. Ansell, James E. Schlosser, Ahamed H. Idris, Ann Morrison, Steven Whitman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

In recent years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of patients transferred to public hospitals in the United States. We prospectively studied 467 medical and surgical patients who were transferred from the emergency departments of other hospitals in the Chicago area to Cook County Hospital and subsequently admitted. Eighty-nine percent of the transferred patients were black or Hispanic, and 81 percent were unemployed. Most (87 percent) were transferred because they lacked adequate medical insurance. Only 6 percent of the patients had given written informed consent for transfer. Twenty-two percent required admission to an intensive care unit, usually within 24 hours of arrival. Twenty-four percent were in an unstable clinical condition at the transferring hospital. The proportion of transferred medical-service patients who died was 9.4 percent, which was significantly higher than the proportion of medical-service patients who were not transferred (3.8 percent, P less than 0.01). There was no significant difference in the proportion of deaths on the surgical service between patients who were transferred and those who were not (1.5 vs. 2.4 percent). We conclude that patients are transferred to public hospitals predominantly for economic reasons, in spite of the fact that many of them are in an unstable condition at the time of transfer.
M141 Impact Of Beta-blockade On Exercise Capacity And Dynamic Hyperinflation In People With And Without Copd Awaiting Vascular Surgery
Authors: A. Key, M. Parry, M. West, S. Jack, F. Torella, N. Duffy, P. Walker
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3></h3> Beta-blockers have a key role in the management of heart failure but have been under-utilised in people with COPD due to fear of bronchoconstriction and its impact on symptoms and function. Beta-blockers are also used peri-operatively in people undergoing vascular surgery due to improved cardiac function though this practice is contentious due to a risk of post-operative complications, particularly stroke. As part of a study looking at the impact of beta-blockade in people under abdominal aortic aneurysm surveillance we examined the impact of beta-blockade on CPET variables and dynamic hyperinflation at peak exercise 55 subjects were recruited though only 46 completed incremental CPET off and on beta-blockers. Mean age was 70 (6) years and 42 (91%) were male. IHD or heart failure was diagnosed in 13 people and COPD diagnosed in 7. However, 24/46 (52%) had post-bronchodilator airflow obstruction consistent with COPD (10 mild, 10 moderate and 4 severe). 18 were routinely prescribed beta-blockers (mainly bisoprolol). Those taking beta-blockers stopped treatment for the second CPET and other subjects commenced weight-adjusted bisoprolol before the second CPET. The 25 COPD subjects had a mean FEV<sub>1</sub> of 2.14 (0.62) L, FEV<sub>1</sub> predicted 76 (20)% and FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC 0.54 (0.11). The main results are shown in the table. Compared with the subjects without COPD at peak exercise the COPD subjects had slightly lower VO2, work and ventilatory equivalents but these did not differ significantly. When beta-blocked both COPD and non-COPD subjects had a lower heart rate (p &lt; 0.001) and consequently oxygen pulse (p &lt; 0.001) but there was a minimal effect on other variables. The COPD patients showed a greater fall in IC (p = 0.02) but the addition of a beta-blocker did not have any additional effect. The 7 subjects already diagnosed with COPD did not differ from the whole COPD group. In an unselected clinic population with arterial vascular disease a majority of people had, mostly undiagnosed, COPD albeit predominantly mild to moderate. Continuation or commencement of beta-blockers had little effect on level of peak exercise or degree of dynamic hyperinflation. This supports the use of beta-blockers in this COPD population, both in a peri-operative setting and for a cardiac indication.
Hybrid Imaging for Pancreatic Malignancy
Authors: Priyanka Jha, Bijan Bijan, Giselle Melendres, David K. Shelton
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

The role of PET/CT in pancreatic malignancy is evolving with new scientific evidence emerging continuously. PET/CT applications in imaging the pancreas and its organ-specific merits, limitations, and potential pitfalls are still evolving. This article provides an overview of the state-of-the-art applications of PET/CT imaging in evaluating pancreatic malignancy, comparing with conventional imaging modalities, such as contrast-enhanced CT and MRI. Current PET/MRI is also reviewed, along with brief discussion on cost-benefit analysis.
SEQUENTIAL REPEAT DOSING OF ALLOGENEIC CARDIOSPHERE-DERIVED CELLS IS A VIABLE PARADIGM FOR TREATING MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIC INJURY IN IMMUNOCOMPETENT RATS
Authors: Heidi J. Reich, Eleni Tseliou, Geoffrey de Couto, Jackelyn Valle, Daniel Luthringer, Baiming Sun, Linda Marban, Eduardo Marban
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
PTH-077 Geographical Mapping Of Hepatitis C Infection In North East Scotland Using A Geographical Information System (gis)
Authors: A Mukhopadhya, L Nesbit, D Green, A-M Sinclair, P Dundas, B Vijayan, S English, L Mcleman, A Fraser
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Chronic HCV infection affects around 37,500 people in Scotland. A Geographical Information System (GIS) allows exploratory data analysis (EDA), mapping and visualisation of geographical data. GIS can be used to illustrate the geographical patterns and distribution of HCV infection to aid on the planning services for treatment of these patients <h3>Methods</h3> Data was extracted from the NHS Grampian Hepatitis C database between the years 2002 to 2013 and input to the ESRI ArcGIS software. For confidentiality, each case was mapped utilising the first half of their postcodes. The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation was used to calculate the average deprivation score for each postcode sector. Exploratory data and statistical analysis were undertaken using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 2114 patients with hepatitis C were identified from the local NHS Grampian Hepatitis C database. The overall prevalence of hepatitis C in the Grampian region was 523 cases per 100,000 population. The highest rate of hepatitis C was from AB11 in Aberdeen city, with 1440/100,000 individuals. The area with the lowest occurrence was AB38 in rural Aberdeen with 21/100,000 individuals. The higher prevalence areas corresponded to Aberdeen city and the towns of Peterhead and Fraserburgh. Outreach centres for treatment of hepatitis C were adequately stationed in high prevalence areas. The most deprived post code, AB16 in Aberdeen city, had a rate of 940/100,000 populations. There was no statistical significance between the diagnosis of hepatitis C infection and deprivation scores of the post codes studied. There was a significant correlation between the percentage of untreated patients and average deprivation score with a correlation coefficient of -0.333 (p &lt; 0.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this study GIS is useful to explore, visualise and present the data in a spatial context, highlighting areas with high prevalence and where individuals are being treated and where they are not. The Outreach centres were shown to be appropriately located. The higher prevalence in urban regions mirrors risk factors like drug usage in these areas. A statistically significant correlation, albeit not very high, was shown between the percentage of untreated patients and levels of deprivation. This may mean that more emphasis needs be placed on assisting those individuals who live in the most deprived areas to gain access to the treatment programmes which are available. Aberdeen Royal Infirmary is the only referral hospital for the treatment of hepatitis C and it is likely that the study underestimates the true prevalence of the infection due to a referral bias <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
PREDICTIVE VALUE OF CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION AND THROMBOLYSIS IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION RISK SCORE IN THE ASSESSMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CHEST PAIN: RESULTS FROM AN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT REGISTRY
Authors: Daniel Bittner, Richard Takx, Pedro Staziaki, Sumbal Janjua, Nandini Meyersohn, Michael Lu, Anand Prabhakar, John Nagurney, Udo Hoffmann, Brian Ghoshhajra
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Second-Trimester Serum Chorionic Gonadotropin Concentrations and Complications and Outcome of Pregnancy
Authors: David L. Walton, Carol T. Norem, Edgar J. Schoen, G. Thomas Ray, Christopher J. Colby
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Maternal serum chorionic gonadotropin is measured to screen for fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Whether the results can also be used to predict the risk of complications or an adverse outcome of pregnancy is not known.We reviewed the medical records of 28,743 girls and women in whom chorionic gonadotropin was measured during the second trimester of pregnancy (between July 1, 1995, and January 31, 1997), seeking information about the complications and outcome of their pregnancies. We excluded girls and women who had preexisting risk factors for complications or an adverse outcome of pregnancy.Higher serum chorionic gonadotropin concentrations were associated with higher rates of stillbirth (odds ratio for every increase in chorionic gonadotropin of 1 multiple of the median, 1.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 1.9). There was no relation between higher serum chorionic gonadotropin concentrations and the risk of gestational diabetes, premature rupture of membranes or intrauterine growth retardation or small size for gestational age (odds ratio, 1.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.9 to 1.2). Higher serum chorionic gonadotropin concentrations were associated with a risk of placental abnormalities (odds ratio, 1.5; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 1.7), pregnancy-induced hypertension (odds ratio, 1.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 1.5), and preterm delivery without pregnancy-induced hypertension (odds ratio, 1.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.0 to 1.2). Inclusion in certain racial or ethnic categories (black, Filipino or Pacific Islander, unknown race or ethnic group, and "other," which included those of Middle Eastern descent and Native Americans) was a better predictor of the risk of an adverse outcome than serum chorionic gonadotropin values.Measurements of serum chorionic gonadotropin are of little clinical value for predicting the risk of complications and the outcome of pregnancy.
Prognostic significance of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1 in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: T Yokozawa, M Towatari, H Iida, K Takeya, M Tanimoto, H Kiyoi, T Motoji, N Asou, K Saito, M Takeuchi, Y Kobayashi, S Miyawaki, Y Kodera, R Ohno, H Saito, T Naoe
Journal: Leukemia (2000)
Abstract 3546: S-Glutathionylation of buccal mucosal cell proteins as biomarkers of oxidative stress.
Authors: Christina L. Grek, Yefim Manevich, Danyelle M. Townsend, Kenneth D. Tew
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Many anticancer drugs produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that directly or indirectly lead to toxicities. As a conduit to drug development we have identified S-glutathionylated (post-translational addition of glutathione to susceptible cysteine residues) serine proteinase inhibitors (serpin's A1 and A3) as plausible biomarkers for drug exposure in both rodent and human blood. Commercial mouthwashes often contain redox-altering agents such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and/or ethanol. Oxidative damage in buccal mucosa cells is associated with etiology of oral cancers and we hypothesized that these cells may also serve to provide a surrogate tissue source for biomarker analysis to measure S-glutathionylated proteins. Using an approved clinical protocol for exfoliated buccal cell samples, we have identified a number of S-glutathionylated proteins, including actin, in samples from volunteers following standard treatments with a commercial mouthwash containing H2O2 (1.5%). Their identities are similar to those discovered using in vitro experiments with the human buccal cell line TR146. Our current data show a time and dose-dependent increase in S-glutathionylation of buccal cell sample profiles in normal volunteers following four days of exposure dosing to H2O2 containing mouthwash. Increases in protein S-glutathionylation occurred immediately following exposure and remained for 30min following treatments. Higher levels of S-glutathionylation were maintained with each subsequent daily exposure. These increased levels of S-glutathionylation preceded the transcriptional activation of ROS sensitive genes, incuding ATF3. The identification of biomarkers that evaluate the effects of oxidative stress in the oral cavity may define at-risk populations for oral cancer and may be useful as direct biomarkers for the impact of drugs on general redox status. Citation Format: Christina L. Grek, Yefim Manevich, Danyelle M. Townsend, Kenneth D. Tew. S-Glutathionylation of buccal mucosal cell proteins as biomarkers of oxidative stress. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3546. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3546
Endoscopic bilateral stenting of malignant hilar bile duct obstruction using novel partially covered self-expandable metal stents
Authors: S. Yoo, S. Jeong, D. Lee
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Endoscopic bilateral stenting using conventional metal stents is considered to be technically difficult in patients with malignant hilar bile duct obstruction because the second stent is not easily inserted through the cell of the first stent wall in the bile duct [1]. A variety of new self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) specially designed for stent-in-stent procedures to facilitate bilateral stents deployment have been recently reported [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]. We report two cases of malignant hilar bile duct obstruction which were managed by endoscopic bilateral stenting using novel metal stents (KEY stents; S&G BioTech Inc., Seongnam, Korea). These stents are self-expanding Nitinol stents partially covered with a silicone membrane and consisting of a body stent (first stent) and a limb stent (second stent). The body stent is composed of a body and two legs: a long leg and a short leg. The short leg facilitates insertion of a guide wire into the contralateral intrahepatic bile duct (IHD) for the limb stent ([Fig. 1]). After placement of the body stent to one side of both IHDs across the hilar stricture, the limb stent is introduced into another IHD through the short leg of the body stent ([Fig. 2]).
Abstract 1889: Curcumin potentiates the cancer-preventive actions of selenium by inactivating selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Rayudu Gopalakrishna, Jason E. Schiffman, Joshua Man, Lok Lei, Adela Wu, Usha Gundimeda
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Our previous studies have shown that the cancer-preventive actions of selenium may be negated by an over-expression of selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TR). This reductase reverses selenocompound-induced sulfhydryl redox inactivation of protein kinase C (PKC), a step which is intimately involved in the cancer-preventive actions of selenium. Consistent with this observation, the TR-specific inhibitor auranofin increases the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to methylseleninic acid (MSA). This is particularly significant for advanced prostate cancer cells which require higher concentrations of MSA than early stage cancer cells. Selenium prevents cancer in some cases but fails to do so in others. Selenium's failure in this respect may be due to the development of TR-mediated resistance to its chemopreventive actions. Therefore, there is a potential role for agents that inhibit TR and thereby sensitize cancer cells to selenium. Several studies have shown that cancer prevention by a single agent may be less effective than multiple agents administered simultaneously. Here we report that curcumin, another cancer -preventive agent, at 5 to 10 μM concentrations potentiates the action of MSA in inhibiting growth and inducing apoptosis of both androgen-dependent LNCaP cells and androgen-independent DU145 cells. Nearly 2- to 4-fold lower concentrations of MSA were needed for 50% inhibition of cell growth in the presence of curcumin than in its absence. Under these conditions, curcumin inactivated TR in these cell types. There was also a concomitant increase in MSA-induced sulfhydryl oxidative inactivation of PKC. Furthermore, we found a correlation between curcumin-induced inactivation of TR and curcumin-induced potentiation of MSA-associated growth inhibition and apoptosis. These results suggest TR may be a molecular target for cancer prevention. While auranofin, the prototypical TR inhibitor, is toxic, curcumin appears to be a safe alternative. Our results provide a mechanistic rationale to the combination of selenium and curcumin for cancer prevention. Just as resistance develops to cancer chemotherapy, cancer prevention may also be counteracted by resistance mechanisms. Similarly, a combination of agents may prevent the development of resistance in cancer prevention just as it does in chemotherapy. Instead of the random mixing of agents in an empiric manner, a mechanistically informed choice of agents as has been proposed here is a more rational approach to identify effective combination of agents for cancer prevention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1889.