tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Somatically‐Eliminated Genes During Development of the Sea Lamprey (<i>Petromyzon marinus</i>)
Authors: Stephanie A Bryant, Joseph R Herdy, Chris T Amemiya, Jeramiah J Smith
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2016)

The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is a basal vertebrate that undergoes developmentally programmed genome rearrangements (PGRs) during early development. These events facilitate the elimination of ∼20% of the genome from the somatic cell lineage, resulting in distinct somatic and germline genomes. Thus far only a handful of germline-specific genes have been definitively identified within the estimated 500 Mb of DNA that is deleted during PGR, although a few thousand germline-specific genes are thought to exist. To improve our understanding of the evolutionary/developmental logic of PGR, we generated computational predictions to identify candidate germline-specific genes within a new transcriptomic dataset derived from adult germline and the early embryonic stages during which PGR occurs. Follow-up validation studies identified 44 germline-specific genes and further characterized patterns of transcription and DNA loss during early embryogenesis. Expression analyses reveal that many of these genes are differentially expressed during early embryogenesis and presumably function in the early development of the germline. Ontology analyses indicate that many of these germline-specific genes play known roles in germline development, pluripotency, and oncogenesis (when misexpressed). These studies provide support for the theory that PGR serves to segregate molecular functions related to germline development/pluripotency in order to prevent their potential misexpression in somatic cells. This larger set of eliminated genes also allows us to extend the evolutionary/developmental breadth of this theory, as some deleted genes (or their gnathostome homologs) appear to be associated with the early development of somatic lineages, perhaps through the evolution of novel functions within gnathostome lineages.
AB1011 Synovial Fluid Biomarkers, Prognostic for the Course of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Decade's Follow-Up Study
Authors: F. Kanakoudi-Tsakalidou, V. Tzimouli, M. Trachana, P. Pratsidou, A. Taparkou, D. Karataglis
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> The course and outcome of oligo-JIA is more or less unpredictable. So far, no internationally acceptable prognostic biomarkers, regarding the progression of oligo- to the extended disease type have been defined. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to assess the immunophenotype plus cytokine profile in synovial fluid (SF) of patients (pts) with JIA and to evaluate the findings in respect to the severity of the disease course in order to define those pts who need early aggressive treatment. <h3>Methods</h3> 73 SF samples from the knees of 57 JIA patients (F: 48, median age 11.49 yrs) were studied. 20/57 pts had oligo-persistent (O-per), 27 oligo-extended (O-ext) and 10 polyarthritis (poly). 25 age-matched children (25 SF samples) with recent traumatic knee arthritis served as controls. The SF immunophenotype and cytokine levels were assessed by flow cytometry and ELISA respectively. <h3>Results</h3> The median CD4:CD8 T cell ratio was found to be significantly lower in 19/57 pts (24/73 samples) from all 3 JIA pt groups as compared to the controls (0.75 <i>vs</i> 1.55, p&lt;0.01). Also, the median CD4:CD8 ratio was significantly lower in the O-ext disease type (0.70) as compared to O-per and poly (1.54 and 1.57 respectively p&lt;0.01). 23/24 SF samples with a low (&lt;0.8) ratio had a polyarticular disease course (21 O-ext, 3/10 poly). Tregs were significantly lower and Th17 significantly higher in all 3 JIA pt groups as compared to the controls (p&lt;0.001), especially in O-ext. Cytokines IL-17, IL-23 and IL-6 were significantly higher in all JIA pt groups as compared to the controls. A positive correlation between low CD4:CD8 ratio and the disease duration as well as, values of Th17 cells, IL-17 and IL-23 levels were found regardless of the JIA subtype. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A low ratio of CD4:CD8 T cells in combination with high levels of IL-17 and IL-23 in SF of JIA pts can predict a prolonged, polyarticular course of the disease and may be used as "the window of opportunity" for a more targeted treatment. <h3>References</h3> Hunter PJ, et al. Biologic predictors of extension of oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis as determined from synovial fluid cellular composition and gene expression. Arthritis Rheum 2010;62: 896-907. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
SP0014 Internet Resources Facilitating the Consultation
Authors: B. Svanberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

By optimising the use of electronic information and technology the patient will be more involved in Its treatment and thereby the patient will be empowered. If I as a patient have the possibility to check my own tests online I also save time for the doctor who can spend more time for another patient. It is a win win situation for both me and the doctor. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in bulimia nervosa [published erratum appears in Am J Psychiatry 1993 Jan;150(1):174]
Authors: P J Andreason, M Altemus, A J Zametkin, A C King, J Lucinio, R M Cohen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

The authors' purpose in this study was to further delineate the character of cerebral metabolism in bulimia nervosa and to determine if functional links could be made between regional cerebral metabolism and the symptoms of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and bulimia nervosa.Regional cerebral glucose metabolism was measured by using positron emission tomography in 11 inpatients with bulimia nervosa and 18 normal comparison subjects matched in sex (all were women), age, and educational level. The bulimic patients were also tested for symptoms of major depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder.The patients with bulimia showed a correlation between lower left anterolateral prefrontal regional cerebral glucose metabolism and greater depressive symptoms. However, the orbitofrontal regional cerebral glucose metabolism of patients with bulimia was not greater than that of comparison subjects, nor was higher orbitofrontal metabolism correlated with greater obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms.These findings lead to the conclusion that left anterior lateral prefrontal cortex hypometabolism varies with the depressive symptoms observed in bulimia but that temporal lobe hypermetabolism and asymmetries appear to be independent of the mood state.
Alteration of Nickel-Binding Proteins in Nickel-Resistant Cells
Authors: X W Wang, M Costa
Journal: Cancer Communications (1989)

Proteins from wild-type and nickel-resistant cells (Balb/c-3T3 and B200, respectively) were studied by one- or two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and detected either by standard protein staining or by fluorographic analysis of [63Ni] binding. Wild-type cells contained three major nickel-binding proteins with molecular masses of 68 kDa (p68), 55 kDa (p55), and 48 kDa (p48). The p55 was present in high concentrations in the microsomal fraction, whereas the p68 nickel-binding protein predominated in the cytosolic fraction. We were unable to demonstrate that p48 was localized in any subcellular fraction. Both the p55 and p48 proteins appeared to be present in similar amounts in wild-type and nickel-resistant cell lines, based upon silver staining of two-dimensional gels, yet in the nickel-resistant B200 cells, these proteins could not be visualized by [63Ni] binding. This suggested that if nickel binding to these proteins were important for nickel toxicity, then nickel resistance in the B200 cells would be associated with the observed loss of metal binding to these proteins. In addition to the changes in [63Ni]-binding proteins, the total concentration of a 44 kDa protein was increased in B200 cells, but its ability to bind nickel could not be established due to its rapid degradation. Among the nickel-binding proteins studied, the p55 contained nickel-binding sites that were the most resistant to exchange by excess nickel ions. The microsomal fraction that contained the highest concentration of p55 also had the highest nickel-binding activity when standardized for protein concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hormonal Effects Upon in vitro Cholesterol Synthesis
Authors: NANCY L. NOBLE, ROBERT J. BOUCEK
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

This report concerns a comparison of the rates at which labeled acetate is converted into digitonin-precipitable substance by sponge connective tissue and the liver. The effects of the gonads and the thyroid gland on the in vitro incorporation of C 14 -labeled acetate as cholesterol were also explored.
Release of interleukin-12 in experimental Escherichia coli septic shock in baboons: relation to plasma levels of interleukin-10 and interferon- gamma
Authors: PM Jansen, TC van der Pouw Kraan, IW de Jong, G van Mierlo, J Wijdenes, AA Chang, LA Aarden, FB Jr. Taylor, CE Hack
Journal: Blood (1996)
Immunoregulatory roles of versican proteolysis in the myeloma microenvironment
Authors: Chelsea Hope, Simon Foulcer, Justin Jagodinsky, Sarah X. Chen, Jeffrey L. Jensen, Sanjay Patel, Catherine Leith, Ioanna Maroulakou, Natalie Callander, Shigeki Miyamoto, Peiman Hematti, Suneel S. Apte, Fotis Asimakopoulos
Journal: Blood (2016)
Just What the Doctor Ordered: Using Parks to Improve Children’s Health
Authors: Nate Seltenrich
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Just What the Doctor OrderedUsing Parks to Improve Children's Health "Park prescriptions" are gaining popularity as researchers learn more about the benefits of spending time in nature.There's more to learn, however, about the ways in which nature imparts these benefits and the "dose" of nature required to achieve them.
Effect of adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy on urinary continence.
Authors: Meike Adam, Dominik Lanwehr, Philipp Wenzel, Markus Graefen, Uwe Michl, Hartwig Huland, Pierre Tennstedt, Andreas Becker, Rudolf Schwarz, Thorsten Schlomm
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

100 Background: The clinical value of adjuvant (aRT) or salvage radiation (sRT) for patient treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) is currently controversially debated. In this study, we assessed the impact of aRT and sRT on long-term urinary continence. Methods: Overall, 15,901 patients who underwent RP in our center between 1992 and 2012 were analyzed. aRT within the first 6 months was performed in 734 (2.9%) patients, and sRT after 6 months in 1405 (8.8%) patients (median time 21.6 months), respectively. Continence rates were assessed annually after RP using a self-administrated questionnaire. Median follow-up was 48.4 months. Continence was defined as the use of no pads or one safety pad. Incontinence was categorized by the number of used pads. The impact of additional radiation therapy on continence results was analyzed by logistic regression analyses, the chi 2 -likelyhood test and propensity score matching. Results: In multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, prostate volume, extend of nerve-sparing, year of surgery, the event of additive RT (OR=1.2, p=0.17) was not statistically relevant correlated with the long-term continence status whereas all other variables significantly correlated with urinary incontinence (p&lt;0.01, each). The lacking correlation of RT and continence remained in a second logistic regression model, adjusted for tumor features (pT, pN, Gleason, PSA, margin-status). The timing of RT (aRT vs. sRT) was not statistically relevant correlated with the long-term continence status (OR=1.7, p=0.09; OR=1.2, p=0.5) In addition, a comparison of all patients received aRT with a propensity score based matched cohort of RP only patients (corrected for age, prostate volume, extend of nerve-sparing and year of surgery) revealed no statistical significant impact of RT on continence (p&gt;0.05). In 248 patients, the continence status was available pre and post RT, again not showing a negative impact of RT (p&gt;0.05). Conclusions: Additive radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy does not negatively affect urinary continence.
Kinetic constants of platelet monoamine oxidase in schizophrenia
Authors: H L Jackman, H Y Meltzer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

It has been reported that one or both of the kinetic constants (Km and Vmax) of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the blood platelets of schizophrenic patients are significantly lower than those of normal controls. The authors found no significant differences in Km or Vmax of platelet MAO activity between schizophrenic patients, schizoaffective depressed, mainly schizophrenic patients, and normal control subjects of the same sex. There was also no relationship between paranoid symptoms, hallucinations, or a family history of schizophrenia and Vmax or Km of platelet MAO in the combined groups of schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients. Women had significantly higher Vmax values, but no sex difference in Km was noted.
Relapsing Polychondritis
Authors: J C Piette, C Frances
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Figure 1. The typical characteristics of relapsing polychondritis are shown in three patients: acute auricular chondritis with marked redness, swelling, warmth, and tenderness of the pinna (Panel A); a deformity of the ear that followed recurrent acute attacks (Panel B); and saddle nose, which usually follows repeated, painful nasal chondritis (Panel C).
Case 27-1985
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, J.H. Maguire, D.C. Hooper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Presentation of CaseA 38-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a rash and fever.He was in excellent health until three days earlier, when he began his summer vacation in a lakeside cottage in rural Maine. That day he raked brush and leaves from a shallow area of the lakeside, becoming submerged to his waist. The next morning he awoke with a pruritic eruption over the lower half of the body. In the evening a retro-orbital headache developed and radiated to the posterior thoracic spine, accompanied by diffuse myalgia, fever, sweats, rigors, and nausea without vomiting. On . . .
Massachusetts Department of Mental Health
Authors: Jack R. Ewalt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

AGING POPULATION AND MENTAL HOSPITALSImproved health of the population results in a larger number of aging persons and produces a new series of general, medical and sociologie problems. The mental health program to assure adequate coverage of this phase of the total problem must be re-examined.The plan of management of mental hospitals has been changed by the increasing number of aged patients. These older patients are of two groups: those who grow old in the hospital, and those who are senile when admitted. Most large hospital systems were organized to meet the needs of young schizophrenic patients. The . . .
In Vivo Studies by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy of the Response to Tamoxifen of MCF7 Human Breast Cancer Implanted in Nude Mice
Authors: E Furman, R Margalit, P Bendel, A Horowitz, H Degani
Journal: Cancer Communications (1991)

Magnetic resonance 1H-imaging and 31P-localized spectroscopy were utilized to monitor, noninvasively, MCF7 human breast cancer tumors implanted in immunodeficient mice. The tumors were followed during estrogen dependent growth and tamoxifen induced remission. Early after tamoxifen administration enhanced necrosis developed, extending to most of the tumor volume. This was followed by growth of repair tissue along with tumor regression. The short-term tamoxifen treatment also modified the content of the phosphate metabolites, increasing the nucleoside triphosphate to inorganic phosphate ratio from 0.41 +/- 0.15 (n = 14) before treatment to 1.10 +/- 0.70 (n = 8, P less than 0.025) and to 1.75 +/- 0.66 (n = 9, P less than 0.0002) 4-7 days and 9-19 days, respectively, after treatment. This change was attributed to the growth of reparative tissue. The results provide new information regarding the response and the mechanism of action of tamoxifen.
Screening for Dementia: Recommendation and Rationale
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

This statement summarizes the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations on screening for dementia and the supporting scientific evidence and updates the 1996 recommendations on this topic. The complete USPSTF recommendation and rationale statement on this topic, which includes a brief review of the supporting evidence, is available through the USPSTF Web site (www.preventiveservices.ahrq.gov) and the National Guideline Clearinghouse (www.guideline.gov) and in print by subscribing to the Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, Third Edition: Periodic Updates. The cost of this subscription is $60, and it can be ordered through the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Publications Clearinghouse (call 1-800-358-9295 or e-mail ahrqpubs@ahrq.gov). The complete information on which this statement is based, including evidence tables and references, is available in the accompanying article in this issue and in the summary of the evidence and systematic evidence review on the Web sites already mentioned. The summary of the evidence is also available in print through the AHRQ Publications Clearinghouse. *For a list of the members of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, see the Appendix.
Cancer of the Breast
Authors: T J Anglem, S J Camer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

TWELVE years ago in the Journal, Dr. F. D. Moore and his colleagues evaluated the various forms of therapy then current for the treatment of both primary and metastatic breast carcinoma.1 In 1967 most patients with breast cancer were treated initially with mastectomy, and at the time of relapse one of various endocrine treatments was employed. This is still true in the United States.2 , 3 However, there has been a plateau in the survival curves of breast-cancer patients since about 1955.4 As a result, therapeutic approaches based on new concepts of the disease, some of these approaches merely mentioned in . . .
Biliary-colonic fistula diagnosed via hepatobiliary scintigraphy.
Authors: A J Benson, J Reinschmidt, J L Billingsley, J H Timmons, G H Parish
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

BENSON, CPT ADAM J. M.D.; REINSCHMIDT, CPT JOHN M.D.; BILLINGSLEY, JEROME L. M.D.; TIMMONS, JAMES H. M.D.; PARISH, GREGORY H. M.D. Author Information
Soundings: My hero
Authors: James Owen Drife
Journal: BMJ (2000)

It is uncool for a grown man to admit to having a hero. My generation—and, worryingly, its successors—are cynics. Nevertheless, here goes. My hero is Mahmoud Fathalla, professor of obstetrics and gynaecology in Assiut, 375 km south of Cairo.

In Egypt, maternal mortality is still high. In Sudan, female genital mutilation is endemic. A doctor can tackle these problems locally, but Fathalla saw the bigger picture. Worldwide, over half a million women die in childbirth annually. Millions of children are left uneducated or even deprived of food because they are female.

Global statistics are so overwhelming that personal action seems pointless. Most of us content ourselves with shortlasting indignation. We blame governments and tell ourselves that over the coming century female literacy should improve and things may start to get better.

Professor Fathalla did more. Well respected in Egypt, he became president of the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology—an organisation which used to pay lip service to the task of improving women's health in developing countries. Almost singlehandedly, he focused it.

In 1988 in Rio, his lecture on “medicine's seven deadly sins” produced a standing ovation. Last month in Washington DC he received another, after telling a thousand doctors “how you can make a difference.” The difference he had made was that in 2000 his message was being repeated throughout the meeting and people were no longer smiling.

This took persistence. He must be a highly effective committee man and lobbyist. Organisations such as the World Bank are now trying to help save women's lives. But Fathalla understands that you need to win individual hearts as well as corporate minds.

Close up, he is charming and modest. On a podium, he is inspirational, using not demagoguery but wisdom. He stands still, choosing words from global English and ideas that cross cultures. Speaking just after Labor Day, he mused on the political and obstetric connotations of the word “labour”: “What a pity the world's women have not unionised.”

John Lennon, almost a hero for us boomers, wrote, “We all wanna change the world.” He meant it ironically. Last month in Washington, as we heard of new partnerships between countries north and south, we began to believe we could.
PWE-047 Bowel resections for inflammatory bowel disease in nhs tayside, scotland: a retrospective study
Authors: J Livie, S Walsh, D Ziyaie, M Groome, J Todd, N Reynolds, C Mowat
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> NHS Tayside serves a population of 400,000, with 2 acute hospitals providing emergency and elective surgery. The Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) service cares for approximately 2000 patients. At present, there is no detailed record of the number of bowel resections performed locally for IBD. We retrospectively reviewed the number of operations performed over a 6 year period. <h3>Method</h3> Caldicott Guardian approval was granted. The Pathology Dept. archives were searched using SNOMED codes to generate a list of patients undergoing bowel resection between 1<sup>st</sup>January 2008 and 31<sup>st</sup>December 2013. The patient–s CHI number was used to search the electronic patient record to view pathology reports, clinical letters and paper casenotes if required. Verified resections for Crohns Disease (CD), Ulcerative Colitis (UC), Indeterminate Colitis (IC) had details about the resection recorded; elective vs emergency, open vs laparoscopic, and the operating surgeon was noted. <h3>Results</h3> Over the study period there were 307 resections in 263 patients, with a mean of 51 resections/yr (median 50.5). The proportions of elective and laparoscopic procedures increased over time from 50% to 58% and 16% to 34% respectively. 182 resections (165 patients) were for CD, 114 resections (89 patients) for UC, and 11 resections (9 patients) were classified as IC. Of the resections for CD; 59% were female, median age 38 (IQ range 25–55). 91/182 procedures were emergency, and 140/182 were open. The number of resections/yr for CD decreased over time, peaking at 37 in 2009, falling to 27 in 2013. Of the resections for UC; 55% were male, median age 49.5 yrs (IQ range 31–65). 45/114 were emergency, and 74/114 were open. The median number of resections/yr was 18.5, with peaks of 25, 24 in 2010, 2013 respectively. Colorectal surgeons accounted for 10/16 operators performing elective surgery and undertook 96% of resections, compared to 12/29 and 70% for emergency surgery. Over the study period, the median number of emergency resections per surgeon was: 7.5 (range 3–22) and 2 (range 1–5) for colorectal and non-colorectal respectively. For elective surgery the median was 8 (range 4–45) per colorectal surgeon. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In NHS Tayside, the trend is towards more elective, laparoscopic surgery for IBD. The number of resections/yr for CD is falling. Elective surgery is almost exclusively performed by colorectal surgeons, and the majority delivered by a small group. 30% of emergency resections are performed by non-colorectal surgeons who resect IBD infrequently. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.