tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of coagulation factor 13A <i>(F13A)</i> gene variants on overall survival (OS) of ovarian cancer patients
Authors: R. Anwar, E. M. A. Valleley, L. Gallivan, G. D. Hall, T. J. Perren, A. F. Markham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

5002 Background: Abnormalities of haemostasis, including hyper-coagulation and enhanced fibrinolysis, are evident in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Polymorphisms of the F13A gene influence both F13 enzyme activity, and characteristics of the cross-linked product. We therefore evaluated F13A genetic polymorphisms in patients with EOC. Methods: 260 peripheral blood DNAs, from EOC patients, were examined for five F13A polymorphisms: Val34Leu, Tyr204Phe and Pro564Leu by the TaqMan™ assay and Val650Ile and Glu651Gln by PCR-SSCP. Results: Median age was 61 (29–89). With a median follow-up of 38 months (range 265 months), median overall survival (OS) was 99 months. The frequency of each genotype did not differ from those found within the normal healthy population. No association was identified between stage at presentation and any of the five genotypes. Significant associations were identified between overall survival and genotype. 650Ile was associated with shorter OS (p=0.008 by logrank test). Carriage of the 34Leu allele was associated with longer OS in patients with FIGO stage III and IV (p=0.0219 by logrank test). When a multivariate cox regression model comprising stage, the Val650Ile and Val34leu polymorphisms was performed, these polymorphisms independently predicted OS (see table). Conclusion: F13A Val34Leu and Val650Ile genetic polymorphisms may be valuable prognostic factors in ovarian cancer patients. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Yorkshire Cancer Research; West Riding Medical Research Trust
Case 14-1991
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Robert G. Zwerdung, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Presentation of CaseA 17-week-old boy was admitted to the hospital because of a thoracic mass.The child was born after a full-term pregnancy by an elective cesarean section at another hospital. His birth weight was 4.1 kg. The Apgar scores were 7 at one minute and 9 at five minutes, but grunting was noted. X-ray films of the chest (Fig. 1 ) showed a triangular opacity in the retrocardiac area that abutted the left hemidiaphragm and was believed to involve the left lower lobe. Antibiotics were administered by vein, and within 12 hours the respiratory pattern became normal. Another x-ray . . .
Common variants in estrogen metabolism and DNA repair genes associated risk of breast cancer in young women
Authors: E. R. Jupe, D. A. Ralph, S. Manjeshwar, D. Lalo, C. Bromley, C. E. Aston, J. J. Mulvihill, C. D. Shimasaki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

9507 Background: Breast cancer is a complex disease. The majority of cases occur in women without a family history and are considered sporadic. Currently for most women clinical evaluation of breast cancer risk utilizes epidemiological factors related to endogenous estrogen exposure. Estrogen and its related metabolites affect breast carcinogenesis by serving both as promoters of ductal epithelial cell growth and mutagenic precursors. Genomic instability caused by compromised DNA repair can also contribute to breast cancer development. Multiple low penetrance gene variants in these pathways may have a role in determining breast cancer risk in the general population. Methods: A case-control associative study of 5076 Caucasian women, 1812 breast cancer cases and 3264 cancer-free controls, was analyzed for common polymorphisms in fifteen genes involved in estrogen metabolism and DNA repair pathways. All polymorphisms were known to or likely to cause functional alterations and most resulted in non-synonymous amino acid substitutions. Overall analyses and stratification into likely pre-, peri- and post-menopausal age groups (30–44, 45–54, and over 55, respectively) were performed to derive odds ratios (ORs) and p-values. Results: Partitioning the study into the three age groups identified strong associations that were confined to the 30–44 age group. A total of nine polymorphisms were significantly (p≤0.05) associated with risk in this age group. The range of ORs varied from 0.7 to 1.6 with p-values as low as 0.001. Conclusions: Common variants in genes involved estrogen metabolism and DNA repair have significant impact on breast cancer risk in the youngest age group. The consideration of these variants could contribute to improved clinical management of breast cancer risk by identifying young women at the highest risk of developing the disease. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration InterGenetics InterGenetics InterGenetics
Trends in survival of stage IV breast cancer (BC) among Caucasian and African American (AA) BC patients (pts)
Authors: S. S. Dawood, K. Broglio, G. Hortobagyi, S. Giordano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

1000 Background: The aim of this review was to look at the trends in survival over time in patients(pts) with de novo stage IV BC and to identify factors that impact survival. Methods: We searched the SEER registry to identify pts with de novo stage IV breast cancer diagnosed between 1988 and 2003. Pts who were male, did not have microscopic confirmation of disease, had more than one primary, and who had a prior malignancy were excluded. Pts were divided into three groups based on their year of diagnosis separated into 5-year intervals: 1988 - 1993, 1994 - 1998, and 1999 -2003. Overall survival (OS) and BC specific survival (BCS) were calculated from the date of diagnosis to the date of death, last follow-up, or 12/31/03. Survival outcomes were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox models were fit to determine the characteristics that were independently associated with survival. Follow-up time was censored at 3 years for Cox analyses. Results: 15,438 pts were identified. 3796 pts were diagnosed from 1988–1993, 3954 from 1994–1998, and 7688 from 1999–2003. Median age was 62 years. Median follow-up was 16 months (mos) (range 0–191), 18 mos (range 0–199), and 11 mos (range 0–59) in periods 1988 - 1993, 1994 - 1998, and 1999 - 2003 respectively. Median OS was 18 mos overall and 16, 18, and 20 mos respectively for each time period. Median BCS was 23 mos overall and 20, 21, and 25 mos for each time period. In the multivariable model, more distant year of diagnosis, Grade 3 disease, higher number of positive LN, increasing age, being unmarried, ER- disease, PR- disease, and no surgery were all independently associated with worse BCS. The interaction term between ER and year of diagnosis was of borderline significance, indicating that over time, pts with ER+ disease had decreasing risk of death compared to patients with ER- disease (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96–1.00). An interaction term between race and year of diagnosis was significant, such that with each increasing year of diagnosis AA pts had increasing risk of death compared to whites (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.07). Conclusions: The survival of de novo stage IV BC pts has modestly improved over time. Of concern, survival disparities between AA and white patients increased rather than diminished over time. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
P183 Mesothelioma in rural Scotland: a review of 5 years of experience
Authors: JMF Thomas, SR Thomas
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Mesothelioma is often associated with areas of heavy industry. These areas generally have easy access to cardiothoracic facilities providing comprehensive services. We reviewed our experience of mesothelioma in the most rural part of Scotland to identify associated occupations and establish what effect configuration of local services, and the distance to the nearest thoracic surgical service had on clinical management. <h3>Methods</h3> From 2010 the details of all patients in Highland with pleural mesothelioma have been recorded. The case notes of these patients were reviewed. Those who had presented and been investigated elsewhere were excluded. Information on occupation, investigations selected, treatment given, and survival were recorded. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 47 mesothelioma patients. Of these 10 patients were excluded because of non-availability of notes, peritoneal mesothelioma, or presentation and investigation elsewhere. Of the remaining 37 cases the mean age at diagnosis was 71 years, 86% were male, and occupations included electricians, engineers, sheet metal workers, plumbers, joiners, builders, and shipyard workers. Two patients had been exposed in the nuclear industry. Fourteen patients underwent Abram’s pleural biopsy, of which 2 (14%) were diagnostic, 18 patients had CT guided biopsy of which 12 (67%) were diagnostic, and 13 patients had thorascopic biopsy of which 10 (77%) were diagnostic. Median survival was 10.9 months (interquartile range 12.6 months). Those with performance status (PS) 0 had median survival of 31.7 months, and PS 1, 8.8 months (P &lt; 0.001 PS 0 Vs PS 1). For patients PS 0–2 who received at least 1 cycle of chemotherapy median survival was 12.9 months compared with 5 months without. All were discussed in MDT meetings. 25 patients had identifiable asbestos exposure, but only in 9 of these (36%) was there clear documentation that asbestos compensation advice had been given. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The Scottish Highlands is affected by mesothelioma despite the rural setting. Abram’s pleural biopsy is not an effective technique for suspected mesothelioma and is not appropriate even if access to thorascopic biopsy involves considerable travel. The prognosis remains poor, and although survival is better in patients who receive chemotherapy, this could be explained by pre-existing differences in those selected for chemotherapy.
Can Therapy of Hepatitis C Affect the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma?
Authors: Laura M. Kulik
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2006)

Chronic inflammation induced by viral infections and their role in carcinogenesis is well recognized. Two hepatotropic viruses, hepatitis B and hepatitis C (HCV), have been linked worldwide to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although orthotopic liver transplant offers the best chance for cure and long-term survival, the demand for organs far outweighs the supply. The incidence of HCC in the United States has increased over the past 3 decades. HCV-induced cirrhosis is believed to play a significant role in the rising rate of HCC. Therefore, primary measures to prevent HCC in HCV-infected patients are urgently needed. Numerous studies of the HCV HCC patient have considered primary treatment with interferon-based therapy. However, secondary prevention currently seems to carry more promise. This article evaluates and assesses various treatments for primary and secondary chemoprevention in the setting of HCV.
Rejuvenation and Freezing of Outdated Stored Human Red Cells
Authors: C. R. Valeri, C. G. Zaroulis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Red cells stored in acid citrate dextrose for about 23 days, incubated with pyruvate, inosine, glucose, and phosphate for 60 minutes at 37°C, frozen with 40 per cent wt/vol of glycerol, stored at -80°C for 12 months, and then thawed and washed, had normal oxygen-transport function and 24-hour post-transfusion survivals of about 75 per cent. After red cells had been stored in acid citrate dextrose at 4°C for about 29 days, incubated with pyruvate, inosine, glucose, phosphate, and adenine, glycerolized, frozen, thawed, and washed, they had normal oxygen-transport function and 24-hour post-transfusion survivals of about 80 per cent. About 90 per cent of the red cells were recovered after rejuvenation, freezing, thawing, and washing. The washing procedure removed the added glycerol, products of hemolysis, the potentially toxic materials used for rejuvenation, the anticoagulant preservative, isoagglutinins, protein and nonprotein plasma components, and at least 95 per cent of the white cells and platelets.
Cardiac Localization of Eosinophil-Granule Major Basic Protein in Acute Necrotizing Myocarditis
Authors: Daphne E. deMello, Helen Liapis, Saadeh Jureidini, Soraya Nouri, Gail M. Kephart, Gerald J. Gleich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

THE association of eosinophilia and endomyocarditis has been well documented. A form of Loffler's endocarditis,1 characterized by eosinophilic pancarditis, muscle necrosis, and arteritis, is usually a feature of certain systemic diseases, including the hypereosinophilic syndrome,2 3 4 eosinophilic leukemia,5 polyarteritis nodosa,6 , 7 drug-induced hypersensitivity,8 bronchial asthma,9 10 11 biliary tract carcinoma,12 and parasitic disease.13 The cardiac involvement is characterized by a subacute course and symptoms of congestive heart failure. Treatment with glucocorticoids and cytotoxic agents is effective.14 Fulminant acute necrotizing eosinophilic myocarditis occurring in the absence of notable extracardiac disease has been reported only rarely.15 The disease has a short course and is rapidly fatal. . . .
Artificially Induced Female Pseudohermaphroditism
Authors: Gerhard Nellhaus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

"EXPERIMENTAL intersexes have been produced by the administration of androgens to the gravid mouse, rat, hamster, ground hog, porcupine, guinea pig, rabbit and monkey. Recently, this experiment was unwittingly reproduced in the human being, and female pseudohermaphrodites born of mothers treated with androgens during pregnancy have been reported. To focus the attention of the physician at large upon this problem, the following case is reported.Case ReportThe infant (M.G.H. 96–73–65) was born at term of a 28-year-old gravida 4 who had a 6-year-old living normal daughter. A 2nd daughter had died of pneumonia at 3 months of age, and . . .
Fractional Hypopituitarism with Giantism and Normal Sella Turcica
Authors: M. E. Sarver, George Sabeh, George H. Fetterman, Niel Wald, T. S. Danowski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THREE patients under our care with giantism and a striking similarity of appearance (pallor, smooth skin and youthful mien in addition to large limbs, hands and feet) validate the suggestion of Goldman, Cahill and Thorn1 that this is a syndrome of fractional hypopituitarism. The syndrome, as described in the case reported by Goldman et al., consisted of hypogonadism, hypothyroidism and hypoadrenocorticism in addition to giantism stemming from normal or increased quantities or effects of growth hormone. Our observations establish that hypothyroidism is not an essential feature and expand the clinical experience with this syndrome.Clinical and Laboratory FindingsThe findings . . .
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Treatment of<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>Pneumonia in Adults
Authors: William K. Lau, Lowell S. Young
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the immunosuppressed patient is usually fatal if untreated.1 2 3 For several years, pentamidine isethionate has been considered the drug of choice for this infection.4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Although recovery rates ranging from 9 to 77 per cent have been reported with pentamidine,5 6 7 the rate of adverse reactions, primarily nephrotoxicity, has approached 50 per cent.5 6 7 , 9 , 11 Recently, Hughes and his colleagues at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital successfully used co-trimoxazole, the fixed combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, to treat P. carinii pneumonia complicating childhood leukemia. In these studies, 16 of 20 patients recovered.12 Encouraged by this report and the need to assess . . .
S1* Does paradoxical emboli of particulate matter through pulmonary arteriovenous malformations precipitate migraines?
Authors: T Patel, A Elphick, JE Jackson, CL Shovlin
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are an example of a right-to-left shunt resulting in deoxygenated, unfiltered venous blood bypassing the pulmonary capillaries to re-enter the systemic arterial circulation. Patients with PAVMs are known to have an increased incidence of migraines, reducing following PAVM treatment by embolisation. This study aimed to examine if paradoxical embolism of particulate matter through PAVMs may precipitate migraines. <h3>Methods</h3> A structured survey was designed for online completion by people with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), the most common cause of PAVMs. Question logic directed participants through a series of unbiased questions that asked about HHT features including presence of PAVMs; variables in relation to migraines; and whether participants had undergone imaging tests. Stratified by whether contrast had been given, participants reporting migraines were asked whether any difference in migraines had been noted following scans, by ticking that “migraines were no different really”; “seemed a bit better”; “seemed a bit worse”; “seemed to bring on a migraine”; “seemed to stop a migraine”. Participants were recruited from 26/07/2013- 21/04/2015, yielding 702 consented responses. Data were downloaded to an Excel spreadsheet for participant stratifications, and statistical analyses using GraphPad Prism 6.0 and STATA 13.1 (Statacorp LP). <h3>Results</h3> Overall, 557 participants had HHT, of whom 180 (32.3%) reported features consistent with migraines. HHT participants with migraines more commonly reported PAVMs than those without migraines (62.8% vs 38.5%, p &lt; 0.00001). For computerised tomography (CT) scans, images “with injection of contrast” were associated with a higher proportion of participants reporting worsening migraines than “without injection of contrast” CT scans (11.7% vs 3.4%, p = 0.0065). This association strengthened following paired analysis of participants who had undergone both methods (13.6% vs 3.2%, p = 0.0032). In multiple regression analyses, there was no additional contribution from other participant demographics such as alcohol consumption or smoking habit. Analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), contrast echocardiography and ultrasound data is ongoing. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study strongly indicates that an association between injecting contrast media and the worsening of migraines, in participants with right-to-left shunts due to PAVMs, exists. Further research is required to establish the exact mechanism responsible for this phenomenon. *S1- BTS Medical Student Award Highly Commended.
Occurrence in Gastric Juice of Antibody to a Complex of Intrinsic Factor and Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>
Authors: Stanley G. Schade, Patricia Feick, Mary Muckerheide, Robert F. Schilling
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

ANTIBODIES to gastric parietal cells have been found by an immunofluorescent technic in the gastric juice of patients with atrophic gastritis with or without pernicious anemia.1 , 2 We have recently observed a patient with pernicious anemia who absorbed vitamin B12 poorly even in the presence of intrinsic factor. An antibody to a complex of intrinsic factor and vitamin B12 was found in the gastric juice of this patient. This antibody inhibits absorption of vitamin B12 mediated by intrinsic factor.Case ReportH.B., a 72-year-old man, who had been a vegetarian since 1914, reported that he drank milk regularly . . .
Lithium use and discontinuation in a health maintenance organization
Authors: R E Johnson, B H McFarland
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

For decades, lithium has been prescribed to treat bipolar disorder. Its efficacy has been documented by clinical trials and by data from specialized clinics. An issue of considerable interest is the use of lithium in managed care systems. This project examined the use of lithium and its continuity of use by enrollees of a health maintenance organization (HMO).In a 6-year longitudinal cohort study, 1,594 lithium users aged 15 years and older who were enrolled in an HMO were followed from 1986-1991. Data were obtained from automated databases and from medical record review of a random 5% subsample of the group (N = 74).Bipolar disorder was the most frequent morbidity treated. Eighty-four percent (N = 62 or 74) received services from a psychiatrist. Annual prevalence of lithium use increased over the 6-year period from 1.4 to 2.3 persons per thousand HMO members. Duration of use varied widely with some long-term but many short-term users. Discontinuation of treatment was associated with evaluated rates of psychiatric hospitalization and use of psychiatric emergency services. Lithium users were much more likely to receive a variety of other psychotropic drugs than nonusers of the same sex and age.Lithium use in this population was more often sporadic than continuous. Discontinuation of lithium was associated with psychiatric hospitalization. If lithium is to be a cost-effective treatment for bipolar disorder, managed care systems will need to improve adherence to drug treatment regimens.
A Child With Septic Shock and Purpura
Authors: Aisling Flinn, Michael McDermott, Karina M. Butler
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Hemodynamic Effects of Sildenafil in Men with Severe Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Howard C. Herrmann, Gene Chang, Bruce D. Klugherz, Paul D. Mahoney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

The cardiovascular effects of sildenafil are important because of the frequent presence of underlying cardiac disease in men with erectile dysfunction and reports indicating serious cardiac events temporally associated with the use of this drug.
Should We Screen for Coronary Heart Disease in Asymptomatic Persons?
Authors: Gerald W. Smetana, Donald E. Cutlip, Duane S. Pinto
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

In March 2015, the American College of Physicians (ACP) released a clinical guideline on the value of screening for coronary heart disease (CHD) in asymptomatic persons. The guideline authors found that results of screening studies are unlikely to change patient management or the intensity of risk factor reduction strategies. Most events occur in patients who are at low to intermediate risk for CHD; and in low-risk asymptomatic patients, percutaneous coronary intervention in “screen-positive” patients does not improve outcomes and creates unnecessary risks. As a result, the ACP recommended against screening for asymptomatic patients who are at low risk for CHD. Instead, it recommended a focus on proven strategies, such as treatment of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, to reduce risk in appropriately selected asymptomatic persons. Two discussants weigh the evidence for and against screening for CHD in asymptomatic patients with varying degrees of risk and provide recommendations for a specific patient who is uncertain whether to proceed to screening.