tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patient navigation for mammography screening: The need for system changes.
Authors: B. I. Damron, D. L. Helitzer, C. Iriart, S. L. Newbill, G. Cardinali
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e12051 Background: While national breast cancer mortality rates have decreased modestly among non-Hispanic White women, mortality has increased among Hispanic and Native American women, who present with later stage breast cancer, and use less screening mammography. The aims of the study were to identify barriers to mammography screening faced by Hispanic women age 40 to 64 and those faced by providers and elicit hypotheses about patient navigation interventions to increase utilization of mammography services. Methods: A socio-ecological model grounded the study. Social network, community, system design, and policy factors influence, and create barriers and facilitators to individual cancer screening behaviors among Hispanic females. The study included exploratory and confirmatory phases. The exploratory phase was informed by literature on screening barriers and facilitators. Interviews and focus groups were conducted, in five geographic regions in New Mexico, with the following groups 1) Primary care providers at federally qualified health centers; 2) Breast and Cervical Cancer Program staff; 3) Promotoras; 4) Hispanic women who self-identified as having had a mammogram or not having had a mammogram within the past two years; 5) Radiologists and radiology technologists. Qualitative investigation of the data began with content analysis of the transcripted data, using a team approach for open coding. The coding structure was imported into NVivo 8, and thematic themes were systematically identified, leading to the development of explicit hypotheses. Results: The exploratory phase generated novel recommendations to increase mammography utilization, focused on factors at the individual, social network, and community levels. Conclusions: The confirmatory phase resulted in hypotheses about navigation solutions, requiring system and policy changes: 1) revise protocols so that women who are seen for chronic/acute visits can receive a screening mammography referral; 2) provide opportunities for registered nurses to be trained to conduct CBE and refer patients for mammography; 3) revise policy so that referral to screening mammogram does not solely rely on the availability of primary care providers for preventive well women visits. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Préparation et réponse des instituts de santé publique européens au bioterrorisme
Authors: Bruno Coignard
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2001)

Les attaques terroristes du 11 septembre et la recente epidemie de maladie du charbon ont eu des consequences pour la sante publique non seulement aux Etats-Unis, mais egalement en Europe. Les systemes de sante publique europeens ont du traiter de nombreux envois postaux potentiellement contamines par des spores de charbon. Notre enquete avait pour but de documenter la reponse des instituts de sante publique europeens aux recents evenements bioterroristes afin d’identifier les eventuelles lacunes a corriger. Dix-huit instituts de 16 pays ont participe a cette Eurosynthese. Les menaces bioterroristes en Europe n’etaient que des canulars et peuvent etre considerees comme un ‘exercice de preparation’ dont trois lecons sont a tirer. Tout d’abord, l’Europe n’etait pas prete a repondre au bioterrorisme en octobre 2001. Ensuite, bien que les instituts europeens aient reagi rapidement en adaptant leurs priorites a une nouvelle forme de menace, ils auront besoin d’un soutien adapte et soutenu de leur tutelle pour maintenir leur capacite globale. Enfin, cette crise a montre la necessite d’investir davantage dans les programmes de formation a l’epidemiologie, et de creer une unite de coordination technique pour la surveillance et la reponse internationale aux epidemies au sein de l’Union europeenne.
Resting Heart Rate and Long-term Outcomes Among the African American Population
Authors: Kishan S. Parikh, Melissa A. Greiner, Takeki Suzuki, Adam D. DeVore, Chad Blackshear, Joseph F. Maher, Lesley H. Curtis, Adrian F. Hernandez, Emily C. O’Brien, Robert J. Mentz
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2016)

Increased resting heart rate is associated with worse outcomes in studies of mostly white populations, but its significance is not well established in African Americans persons whose cardiac comorbidities and structural abnormalities differ.To study the prognostic utility of heart rate in a community-based African American cohort in the Jackson Heart Study.A total of 5261 participants in the Jackson Heart Study, a prospective, community-based study in Jackson, Mississippi, were evaluated. Baseline heart rate was assessed by quintiles and as a continuous variable. All participants with baseline heart rate documented by a 12-lead electrocardiogram without pacing or atrial fibrillation noted on their baseline Jackson Heart Study examination were included in the study. Follow-up began September 26, 2000, and was completed December 31, 2011. Data analysis was performed from July to October 2015.Unadjusted and adjusted associations between heart rate and all-cause mortality and heart failure hospitalization using Cox proportional hazards regression models.Of the 5261 individuals included in the analysis, 1921 (36.5%) were men; median (25th-75th percentile) age was 55.7 (45.4-64.8) years. Median (25th-75th percentile) baseline heart rate was 63 beats per minute (bpm) (57-71 bpm). The highest heart rate quintile (73-118 bpm) had higher rates of diabetes (398 [37.4%]; P < .001) and hypertension (735 [69.1%]; P < .001), higher body mass index (median [IQR], 32.4 [28.1-38.3]; P < .001), less physical activity (0 hours per week, 561 [52.8%]; P < .001), and lower β-blocker use (73 [6.9%]; P < .001) compared with lower quintiles. Caffeine intake (from 80.7 to 85.5 mg/d; P = .57) and left ventricular ejection fraction (from 62% to 62.3%; P = .01) were similar between groups. As a continuous variable, elevated heart rate was associated with increased mortality and heart failure hospitalizations, with adjusted hazard ratios for every 5-bpm increase of 1.14 (95% CI, 1.10-1.19) and 1.10 (95% CI, 1.05-1.16), respectively. Similar patterns were observed in comparisons between the highest and lowest quintiles.Higher baseline heart rate was associated with increased mortality and heart failure hospitalizations among African American participants in the Jackson Heart Study. These findings are similar to those seen in white populations, but further study is needed to understand whether African American individuals benefit from interventions targeting heart rate reduction.
P2.40: CIMAvaxEGF Vaccine for the Treatment of Real-World NSCLC Patients
Authors: Maurenis Hernandez, Ramon A. Ortiz, Elia Neninger, Rosa M. Amador, Mireisy Cala, Kirenia Camacho, Eva Salomon, Pedro P. Guerra, Ivis Mendoza, Carlos Sanchez, Carmen Viada, Matilde Gonzalez, Lourdes T. Torres, Vivian Fonseca, Ivon Garcia, Loisel Bello, Maribel Alonso, Maria C. Rodriguez, Aivin Cruz, Rolando Valdes, Geidy Lorenzo, Meylan Cepeda, Yaimarelis Saumel, Tania Crombet
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)
Gestion de la fièvre de Lassa dans les pays européens
Authors: Natasha S. Crowcroft
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2002)

Le Departement de sante publique britannique (UK Public Health Laboratory Service - PHLS) a organise une reunion a Londres en novembre 2000 pour discuter de la gestion de la fievre de Lassa, suite aux quatre cas survenus en 1999-2000. Les participants etaient invites sur la base de leur recente experience clinique ou microbiologique, ou parce qu’ils etaient impliques dans les aspects de sante publique lors d’un cas d’infection. Cette reunion s’est deroulee a huit clos afin de permettre des echanges libres et ouverts sur des problemes confidentiels. Cet article rapporte les problemes generaux et les recommandations traites lors de ces discussions.
Protein glycosylation in cancers and its potential therapeutic applications in neuroblastoma
Authors: Wan-Ling Ho, Wen-Ming Hsu, Min-Chuan Huang, Kenji Kadomatsu, Akira Nakagawara
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2016)

Glycosylation is the most complex post-translational modification of proteins. Altered glycans on the tumor- and host-cell surface and in the tumor microenvironment have been identified to mediate critical events in cancer pathogenesis and progression. Tumor-associated glycan changes comprise increased branching of N-glycans, higher density of O-glycans, generation of truncated versions of normal counterparts, and generation of unusual forms of terminal structures arising from sialylation and fucosylation. The functional role of tumor-associated glycans (Tn, sTn, T, and sLea/x) is dependent on the interaction with lectins. Lectins are expressed on the surface of immune cells and endothelial cells or exist as extracellular matrix proteins and soluble adhesion molecules. Expression of tumor-associated glycans is involved in the dysregulation of glycogenes, which mainly comprise glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. Furthermore, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms on many glycogenes are associated with malignant transformation. With better understanding of all aspects of cancer-cell glycomics, many tumor-associated glycans have been utilized for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes. Glycan-based therapeutics has been applied to cancers from breast, lung, gastrointestinal system, melanomas, and lymphomas but rarely to neuroblastomas (NBs). The success of anti-disialoganglioside (GD2, a glycolipid antigen) antibodies sheds light on glycan-based therapies for NB and also suggests the possibility of protein glycosylation-based therapies for NB. This review summarizes our understanding of cancer glycobiology with a focus of how protein glycosylation and associated glycosyltransferases affect cellular behaviors and treatment outcome of various cancers, especially NB. Finally, we highlight potential applications of glycosylation in drug and cancer vaccine development for NB.
Integrating molecular markers into the World Health Organization classification of CNS tumors: a survey of the neuro-oncology community
Authors: Kenneth Aldape, Romina Nejad, David N. Louis, Gelareh Zadeh
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

Molecular markers provide important biological and clinical information related to the classification of brain tumors, and the integration of relevant molecular parameters into brain tumor classification systems has been a widely discussed topic in neuro-oncology over the past decade. With recent advances in the development of clinically relevant molecular signatures and the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) update, the views of the neuro-oncology community on such changes would be informative for implementing this process. A survey with 8 questions regarding molecular markers in tumor classification was sent to an email list of Society for Neuro-Oncology members and attendees of prior meetings (n=5065). There were 403 respondents. Analysis was performed using whole group response, based on self-reported subspecialty. The survey results show overall strong support for incorporating molecular knowledge into the classification and clinical management of brain tumors. Across all 7 subspecialty groups, ≥70% of respondents agreed to this integration. Interestingly, some variability is seen among subspecialties, notably with lowest support from neuropathologists, which may reflect their roles in implementing such diagnostic technologies. Based on a survey provided to the neuro-oncology community, we report strong support for the integration of molecular markers into the WHO classification of brain tumors, as well as for using an integrated "layered" diagnostic format. While membership from each specialty showed support, there was variation by specialty in enthusiasm regarding proposed changes. The initial results of this survey influenced the deliberations underlying the 2016 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system.
Intracoronary Administration of Gadolinium Mesoporphyrin for Determination of Myocardial Viability with Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Yicheng Ni, C Pislaru, Hilde Bosmans, S Pislaru, Y Miao, Frans Van de Werf, W Semmler, Albert Baert, Guy Marchal
Journal: Circulation (1996)
Source of CpG Depletion in the HIV-1 Genome
Authors: Hamid Alinejad-Rokny, Firoz Anwar, Shafagh A. Waters, Miles P. Davenport, Diako Ebrahimi
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2016)

The dinucleotide CpG is highly underrepresented in the genome of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). To identify the source of CpG depletion in the HIV-1 genome, we investigated two biological mechanisms: (1) CpG methylation-induced transcriptional silencing and (2) CpG recognition by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). We hypothesized that HIV-1 has been under selective evolutionary pressure by these mechanisms leading to the reduction of CpG in its genome. A CpG depleted genome would enable HIV-1 to avoid methylation-induced transcriptional silencing and/or to avoid recognition by TLRs that identify foreign CpG sequences. We investigated these two hypotheses by determining the sequence context dependency of CpG depletion and comparing it with that of CpG methylation and TLR recognition. We found that in both human and HIV-1 genomes the CpG motifs flanked by T/A were depleted most and those flanked by C/G were depleted least. Similarly, our analyses of human methylome data revealed that the CpG motifs flanked by T/A were methylated most and those flanked by C/G were methylated least. Given that a similar CpG depletion pattern was observed for the human genome within which CpGs are not likely to be recognized by TLRs, we argue that the main source of CpG depletion in HIV-1 is likely host-induced methylation. Analyses of CpG motifs in over 100 viruses revealed that this unique CpG representation pattern is specific to the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses.
Clinical significance of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms in younger patients with acute myeloid leukemia of intermediate risk cytogenetics
Authors: H. Lee, J. Lee, E. Hur, M. Lee, S. Choi, J. Lee, E. Seo, Y. Kim, H. Chi, C. Park, K. Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

7066 Background: Polymorphisms of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) encoding genes may have an influence on the enzymatic activities, which catalyze the conjugation of glutathione to a wide variety of xenobiotics and play a role in cellular protection from oxidative stress or cellular resistance to drugs. Here, we investigate the association between the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphims and clinical outcomes in younger patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) of intermediate risk cytogenetics. Methods: The study involved 133 patients (79 males and 54 females) with a median age of 42 years (range, 14–60). All patients were newly diagnosed and treated with the standard ‘7+3’ induction chemotherapy regimens at a single institute between April 1991 and November 2006. For analysis of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphims, genomic DNA from bone marrow or peripheral blood was subjected to a PCR procedure. Clinico-laboratory data at diagnosis and clinical outcome results were obtained from the AMC Leukemia Registry. Results: The GSTM1-null and GSTT1-null genotype frequencies among 133 patients were 46 (34.6%) and 67 (50.4%), respectively. No significant differences were evident according to the GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotypes with regard to age, sex, FAB subtype, initial leukocyte count, percentage of blasts in bone marrow or blood at diagnosis, cytogenetic findings, and immunophenotyping results. Clinical outcomes such as complete remission, overall survival, cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), and event-free survival (EFS) were not significantly different among the GSTM1 polymorphism genotypes, while CIR was significantly lower and EFS was significantly higher in GSTT1-present genotype than GSTT1-null genotype (CIR at 5-y, 28.9% vs. 44.6%, P=0.018 by multivariable analysis; EFS at 5-y, 51.4% vs. 34.1%, P=0.029 by multivariable analysis). Conclusions: Our study results suggest that the GSTT1 gene polymorphism has significant clinical implications in younger patients with AML of intermediate risk cytogenetics. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
O082 : The gut microbiota in primary sclerosing cholangitis differs from that of healthy controls and ulcerative colitis patients without biliary disease
Authors: M. Kummen, K. Holm, J.A. Anmarkrud, M. Vesterhus, M.L. Høivik, M. Trøseid, H.-U. Marschall, E. Schrumpf, B. Moum, P. Aukrust, T.H. Karlsen, J.R. Hov
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
The combined role of biomarkers and interim PET scan in prediction of treatment outcome in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma: a retrospective, European, multicentre cohort study
Authors: Claudio Agostinelli, Andrea Gallamini, Luisa Stracqualursi, Patrizia Agati, Claudio Tripodo, Fabio Fuligni, Maria Teresa Sista, Stefano Fanti, Alberto Biggi, Umberto Vitolo, Luigi Rigacci, Francesco Merli, Caterina Patti, Alessandra Romano, Alessandro Levis, Livio Trentin, Caterina Stelitano, Anna Borra, Pier Paolo Piccaluga, Stephen Hamilton-Dutoit, Peter Kamper, Jan Maciej Zaucha, Bogdan Małkowski, Waldemar Kulikowski, Joanna Tajer, Edyta Subocz, Justyna Rybka, Christian Steidl, Alessandro Broccoli, Lisa Argnani, Randy D Gascoyne, Francesco d'Amore, Pier Luigi Zinzani, Stefano A Pileri
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2016)
Effectiveness of early lens extraction for the treatment of primary angle-closure glaucoma (EAGLE): a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Augusto Azuara-Blanco, Jennifer Burr, Craig Ramsay, David Cooper, Paul J Foster, David S Friedman, Graham Scotland, Mehdi Javanbakht, Claire Cochrane, John Norrie
Journal: The Lancet (2016)

Primary angle-closure glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. In early-stage disease, intraocular pressure is raised without visual loss. Because the crystalline lens has a major mechanistic role, lens extraction might be a useful initial treatment.From Jan 8, 2009, to Dec 28, 2011, we enrolled patients from 30 hospital eye services in five countries. Randomisation was done by a web-based application. Patients were assigned to undergo clear-lens extraction or receive standard care with laser peripheral iridotomy and topical medical treatment. Eligible patients were aged 50 years or older, did not have cataracts, and had newly diagnosed primary angle closure with intraocular pressure 30 mm Hg or greater or primary angle-closure glaucoma. The co-primary endpoints were patient-reported health status, intraocular pressure, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio per quality-adjusted life-year gained 36 months after treatment. Analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered, number ISRCTN44464607.Of 419 participants enrolled, 155 had primary angle closure and 263 primary angle-closure glaucoma. 208 were assigned to clear-lens extraction and 211 to standard care, of whom 351 (84%) had complete data on health status and 366 (87%) on intraocular pressure. The mean health status score (0·87 [SD 0·12]), assessed with the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions questionnaire, was 0·052 higher (95% CI 0·015-0·088, p=0·005) and mean intraocular pressure (16·6 [SD 3·5] mm Hg) 1·18 mm Hg lower (95% CI -1·99 to -0·38, p=0·004) after clear-lens extraction than after standard care. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was £14 284 for initial lens extraction versus standard care. Irreversible loss of vision occurred in one participant who underwent clear-lens extraction and three who received standard care. No patients had serious adverse events.Clear-lens extraction showed greater efficacy and was more cost-effective than laser peripheral iridotomy, and should be considered as an option for first-line treatment.Medical Research Council.
Surgery No Benefit to Patients With Meniscal Tears
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2016)

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The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is required for the maintenance of liver-resident natural killer cells
Authors: Luhua H. Zhang, June Ho Shin, Mikel D. Haggadone, John B. Sunwoo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2016)

A tissue-resident population of natural killer cells (NK cells) in the liver has recently been described to have the unique capacity to confer immunological memory in the form of hapten-specific contact hypersensitivity independent of T and B cells. Factors regulating the development and maintenance of these liver-resident NK cells are poorly understood. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor modulated by exogenous and endogenous ligands that is important in the homeostasis of immune cells at barrier sites, such as the skin and gut. In this study, we show that liver-resident NK (NK1.1+CD3−) cells, defined as CD49a+TRAIL+CXCR6+DX5− cells in the mouse liver, constitutively express AhR. In AhR−/− mice, there is a significant reduction in the proportion and absolute number of these cells, which results from a cell-intrinsic dependence on AhR. This deficiency in liver-resident NK cells appears to be the result of higher turnover and increased susceptibility to cytokine-induced cell death. Finally, we show that this deficiency has functional implications in vivo. Upon hapten exposure, AhR−/− mice are not able to mount an NK cell memory response to hapten rechallenge. Together, these data demonstrate the requirement of AhR for the maintenance of CD49a+TRAIL+CXCR6+DX5− liver-resident NK cells and their hapten memory function.