tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Poultry Consumption and Arsenic Exposure in the U.S. Population
Authors: Anne E. Nigra, Keeve E. Nachman, David C. Love, Maria Grau-Perez, Ana Navas-Acien
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Arsenicals (roxarsone and nitarsone) used in poultry production likely increase inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and roxarsone or nitarsone concentrations in poultry meat. However, the association between poultry intake and exposure to these arsenic species, as reflected in elevated urinary arsenic concentrations, is unknown.Our aim was to evaluate the association between 24-hr dietary recall of poultry consumption and arsenic exposure in the U.S. population. We hypothesized first, that poultry intake would be associated with higher urine arsenic concentrations and second, that the association between turkey intake and increased urine arsenic concentrations would be modified by season, reflecting seasonal use of nitarsone.We evaluated 3,329 participants ≥ 6 years old from the 2003-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with urine arsenic available and undetectable urine arsenobetaine levels. Geometric mean ratios (GMR) of urine total arsenic and DMA were compared across increasing levels of poultry intake.After adjustment, participants in the highest quartile of poultry consumption had urine total arsenic 1.12 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.22) and DMA 1.13 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.20) times higher than nonconsumers. During the fall/winter, participants in the highest quartile of turkey intake had urine total arsenic and DMA 1.17 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.39; p-trend = 0.02) and 1.13 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.30; p-trend = 0.03) times higher, respectively, than nonconsumers. Consumption of turkey during the past 24 hr was not associated with total arsenic or DMA during the spring/summer.Poultry intake was associated with increased urine total arsenic and DMA in NHANES 2003-2010, reflecting arsenic exposure. Seasonally stratified analyses by poultry type provide strong suggestive evidence that the historical use of arsenic-based poultry drugs contributed to arsenic exposure in the U.S.Nigra AE, Nachman KE, Love DC, Grau-Perez M, Navas-Acien A. 2017. Poultry consumption and arsenic exposure in the U.S. Environ Health Perspect 125:370-377; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP351.
GW27-e0600 4-phenylbutyrate Acid Induced Protection against Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Rats
Authors: yun wu, Dilare Adi, Mei Long, Fen Liu, Min-Tao Gai, Alidan Aierken, Ming-Yuan Li, Yi-Tong Ma, yitong ma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
TCT-175 Temporal Changes in Clinicopathologic Features of Ischemic Cardiac Rupture
Authors: Abdallah El Sabbagh, Joseph J. Maleszewski, Jae Yoon Park, Mohammed Al-Hijji, Ahmed U. Fayyaz, Ryan Lennon, Daniel J. Crusan, Rajiv Gulati, Malcolm Bell, Guy Reeder, Peter Pollak, Charanjit Rihal, William D. Edwards, Mandeep Singh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Clinically Viable Gene Expression Assays with Potential for Predicting Benefit from MEK Inhibitors
Authors: Roz Brant, Alan Sharpe, Tom Liptrot, Jonathan R. Dry, Elizabeth A. Harrington, J. Carl Barrett, Nicky Whalley, Christopher Womack, Paul Smith, Darren R. Hodgson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Purpose: To develop a clinically viable gene expression assay to measure RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (RAS-ERK) pathway output suitable for hypothesis testing in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) clinical studies.Experimental Design: A published MEK functional activation signature (MEK signature) that measures RAS-ERK functional output was optimized for NSCLC in silico NanoString assays were developed for the NSCLC optimized MEK signature and the 147-gene RAS signature. First, platform transfer from Affymetrix to NanoString, and signature modulation following treatment with KRAS siRNA and MEK inhibitor, were investigated in cell lines. Second, the association of the signatures with KRAS mutation status, dynamic range, technical reproducibility, and spatial and temporal variation was investigated in NSCLC formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPET) samples.Results: We observed a strong cross-platform correlation and modulation of signatures in vitro Technical and biological replicates showed consistent signature scores that were robust to variation in input total RNA; conservation of scores between primary and metastatic tumor was statistically significant. There were statistically significant associations between high MEK (P = 0.028) and RAS (P = 0.003) signature scores and KRAS mutation in 50 NSCLC samples. The signatures identify overlapping but distinct candidate patient populations from each other and from KRAS mutation testing.Conclusions: We developed a technically and biologically robust NanoString gene expression assay of MEK pathway output, compatible with the quantities of FFPET routinely available. The gene signatures identified a different patient population for MEK inhibitor treatment compared with KRAS mutation testing. The predictive power of the MEK signature should be studied further in clinical trials. Clin Cancer Res; 23(6); 1471-80. ©2016 AACRSee related commentary by Xue and Lito, p. 1365.
PET and MRI: Is the Whole Greater than the Sum of Its Parts?
Authors: Robert J. Gillies, Thomas Beyer
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Over the past decades, imaging in oncology has been undergoing a "quiet" revolution to treat images as data, not as pictures. This revolution has been sparked by technological advances that enable capture of images that reflect not only anatomy, but also of tissue metabolism and physiology in situ Important advances along this path have been the increasing power of MRI, which can be used to measure spatially dependent differences in cell density, tissue organization, perfusion, and metabolism. In parallel, PET imaging allows quantitative assessment of the spatial localization of positron-emitting compounds, and it has also been constantly improving in the number of imageable tracers to measure metabolism and expression of macromolecules. Recent years have witnessed another technological advance, wherein these two powerful modalities have been physically merged into combined PET/MRI systems, appropriate for both preclinical or clinical imaging. As with all new enabling technologies driven by engineering physics, the full extent of potential applications is rarely known at the outset. In the work of Schmitz and colleagues, the authors have combined multiparametric MRI and PET imaging to address the important issue of intratumoral heterogeneity in breast cancer using both preclinical and clinical data. With combined PET and MRI and sophisticated machine-learning tools, they have been able identify multiple coexisting regions ("habitats") within living tumors and, in some cases, have been able to assign these habitats to known histologies. This work addresses an issue of fundamental importance to both cancer biology and cancer care. As with most new paradigm-shifting applications, it is not the last word on the subject and introduces a number of new avenues of investigation to pursue. Cancer Res; 76(21); 6163-6. ©2016 AACR.
The incidence of ophthalmologic interventions in children with birth weights less than 1251 grams
Authors: Michael X Repka, C.Gail Summers, Earl A Palmer, Velma Dobson, Betty Tung, Barry Davis
Journal: Ophthalmology (1998)

Objective This study aimed to report the frequency of ophthalmologic surgical and medical therapies provided to children with birth weights less than 1251 g who had all stages of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). In addition, this study aimed to report the initial age at which such procedures are provided and to report the frequency of cerebrospinal fluid shunts. Design Observational case series with prospective data collection. Participants Children from the Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity (CRYO-ROP) with birth weights less than 1251 g served as subjects. Group A included 257 children from all 23 CRYO-ROP study centers who had threshold ROP, who had participated in the randomized trial of cryotherapy, and who had survived to age 1 year. Group B included 1208 children from 5 of the 23 study centers who had varying severity of ROP (69 had threshold ROP) and who had participated in a 5-year study of the natural history of ROP. Main outcome measures Investigators documented medical and surgical ophthalmologic interventions through age 5 years as well as cerebrospinal fluid shunting surgery for hydrocephalus through age 2 years. Results Group A was composed of 257 children with threshold ROP who underwent 226 ocular interventions in addition to cryotherapy (0.9 intervention per child). The most common treatments performed on the randomized cohort of children were vitrectomy (26% of patients), lensectomy (18%), amblyopia therapy (20%), and strabismus surgery (10%). Cataract surgery not associated with vitrectomy was performed infrequently (2%) and was performed equally often in treated and control eyes. Amblyopia therapy was prescribed as often for treated as for control eyes. Cerebrospinal fluid shunts were placed in 11% of these children. Group B was composed of 1208 natural history patients who underwent 239 ophthalmologic interventions (0.4 intervention per child). Strabismus surgery was the most commonly performed procedure for the natural history cohort of children (6% of the children). Amblyopia therapy was prescribed for 7% of the natural history patients. Cerebrospinal fluid shunts were required by 3% of the natural history infants, more often in children with more severe ROP. Conclusions These premature infants underwent a large number of ophthalmologic treatments during the first 5 years of life. The long-term costs of both extreme prematurity and ROP include not only the initial ablative therapy for ROP and societal loss due to blindness that still occurs in some cases, but also the ongoing costs of caring for eye problems.
Translational Diagnostics and Therapeutics in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Jessica E. Maxwell, Scott K. Sherman, James R. Howe
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET) are rare tumors, but have been increasing in incidence. Although typically thought of as indolent, more than half of patients present with metastatic disease. For many years, the only mutations commonly known in these tumors were those in the MEN1 gene. Recently, the genetics underlying PNETs have been further defined through exome sequencing. The most frequent alterations found in sporadic PNETs are in MEN1, DAXX/ATRX, and a variety of genes in the mTOR pathway. Confirmation of these mutations has prompted trials with a number of drugs active in these pathways, and two drugs were eventually approved in 2011-sunitinib and everolimus. New data additionally identify the MET and CD47 receptors as potential novel drug targets. Yet despite improvements in progression-free survival with sunitinib and everolimus, further studies defining when to use these agents and factors associated with limitations in their utility are needed. As more discoveries are made in the laboratory that elucidate additional molecular mechanisms important in the initiation and metastasis of PNETs, continued efforts to translate these discoveries into distinct new therapies will be needed to improve patient survival. Clin Cancer Res; 22(20); 5022-9. ©2016 AACR SEE ALL ARTICLES IN THIS CCR FOCUS SECTION, "ENDOCRINE CANCERS REVISING PARADIGMS".
Middle East respiratory syndrome
Authors: Sarah Shalhoub, Ali S Omrani
Journal: BMJ (2016)

#### What you need to know

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is an acute viral respiratory tract infection caused by the novel betacoronavirus Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (fig 1⇓). Cases have been limited to the Arabian Peninsula and its surrounding countries (fig 2⇓), and to travellers from the Middle East or their contacts. The clinical spectrum of infection varies from no symptoms or mild respiratory symptoms to severe, rapidly progressive pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, or multiorgan failure resulting in death.



Fig 1  Electron micrograph of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)





Fig 2  Countries with confirmed cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) 2012-16. (Adapted from World Health Organization (WHO)1)



Ninety eight percent of cases have been reported in adults (defined as age >14 years).2 Although infection has been reported in different age groups within the adult population, the median age of patients ranges from 50 to 67 years.3 4 5 Age ≥50 years is associated with a higher risk of mortality.6 7 Over 65% of cases reported have been in men.8 Infection in children is rare, although the reason for this is unknown.9 10

The majority of reported cases are a result of human-to-human transmission rather than camel-to-human transmission. …
Overexpression of NF-E2 In Vivo Causes Thrombocytosis and Acute Leukemia: A Murine Model of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms.
Authors: Albert Gruender, Kai Kaufmann, Tobias Hadlich, Thomas Günther, Roland Schüle, Annette H Schmitt-Graeff, Attilio Orazi, Heike L Pahl
Journal: Blood (2009)
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation with Nonmyeloablative Conditioning in Patients with Myeloid Leukemias: Results of a Prospective Study of the Latin American Cooperative Onco Hematology Group (LACOHG).
Authors: Guillermo J. Ruiz-Arguelles, David Gómez-Almaguer, José D. Gómez-Rangel, Jorge Vela-Ojeda, Amado Kardus, Olga G. Cantú-Rodríguez, José C. Jaime-Pérez, Oscar González-Llano, José L. Herrera-Garza
Journal: Blood (2004)
Common variants at PVT1, ATG13–AMBRA1, AHI1 and CLEC16A are associated with selective IgA deficiency
Authors: Paola G Bronson, Diana Chang, Tushar Bhangale, Michael F Seldin, Ward Ortmann, Ricardo C Ferreira, Elena Urcelay, Luis Fernández Pereira, Javier Martin, Alessandro Plebani, Vassilios Lougaris, Vanda Friman, Tomáš Freiberger, Jiri Litzman, Vojtech Thon, Qiang Pan-Hammarström, Lennart Hammarström, Robert R Graham, Timothy W Behrens
Journal: Nature Genetics (2016)
TCT-67 Comparison of endovascular aneurysm repair with open surgery for elective and ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: a Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Mohammad M. Ansari, Daniel C. Garcia, Rhanderson N. Cardoso, Derek Brinster, Fadi Saab, Larry J. Diaz-Sandoval
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
68Ga-DOTANOC Focal Pulmonary Activity With No Corresponding CT Abnormality
Authors: Emmanouil Panagiotidis, Nagabhushan Seshadri, Rashika Fernando, Priya Healey, Sobhan Vinjamuri
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

A 28-year-old woman with medullary thyroid cancer treated with total thyroidectomy and bilateral central and right lateral neck nodal resection postoperatively had increasing calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen values. A 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT study performed showed tracer-avid disease in the neck, mediastinal, and hilar lymph nodes. However, there were 3 tracer-avid foci in the lungs bilaterally, suggestive of lung metastases but with no corresponding abnormalities on low-dose CT. A negative contrast-enhanced CT of the lungs along with clinical and radiological follow-up confirmed that the lung activity was artifactual, demonstrating the possibility of 68Ga-DOTANOC–avid iatrogenic pulmonary microembolism.
Amelioration of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with NPC1L1-targeted IgY or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in mice
Authors: Jin-Sik Bae, Jong-Min Park, Junghoon Lee, Byung-Chul Oh, Sang-Ho Jang, Yun Bin Lee, Young-Min Han, Chan-Young Ock, Ji-Young Cha, Ki-Baik Hahm
Journal: Metabolism (2016)
Does Skin Cancer Screening Work?
Authors: Kurt Ullman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2016)

Cincinnati Cancer Institute in Ohio."For them I don't know if this is going to be all that illuminating, but for those who don't do this on a daily basis I think that this is going to be helpful in terms of clarifying the literature and sort of giving some direction as to where to go with advanced-stage ovarian cancer patients."McGuire said that the recommendations won't persuade everyone to change current practices."There's still going to be the long time PCS surgeons who are in favor of surgery that takes 8-10 hours.People like that are dyed in the wool, and they're going to continue to operate, operate, and operate some more."
Reassessment colonoscopy to diagnose serrated polyposis syndrome in a colorectal cancer screening population
Authors: Liseth Rivero-Sanchez, Maria Lopez-Ceron, Sabela Carballal, Leticia Moreira, Xavier Bessa, Anna Serradesanferm, Angels Pozo, Josep Augé, Teresa Ocaña, Ariadna Sánchez, María Leoz, Míriam Cuatrecasas, Jaume Grau, Josep Llach, Antoni Castells, Francesc Balaguer, Maria Pellisé
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

Background and study aims Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) is a high risk condition for colorectal cancer (CRC). Surveillance strategies for patients with serrated lesions remain controversial. We aimed to evaluate a diagnostic strategy to detect SPS consistently during reassessment colonoscopy in patients with proximal serrated lesions. Methods This was a retrospective study of all individuals from a fecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based CRC screening program (2010 - 2013) with one or more serrated lesions of ≥ 5 mm proximal to the sigmoid colon on baseline colonoscopy. We analyzed all individuals empirically scheduled for a reassessment colonoscopy aimed at diagnosing SPS within 1 year. Reassessment colonoscopy was performed with standard white-light or chromoendoscopy ± high definition endoscopy depending on availability. SPS diagnosis was based on the cumulative number of polyps in both the baseline and reassessment colonoscopies. Factors associated with SPS diagnosis were analyzed. Results From 3444 screening colonoscopies, 196 patients met the study entry criteria, of whom 11 patients (0.32 %) met the criteria for SPS on baseline colonoscopy. Reassessment colonoscopies were performed in 71 patients at 11.9 ± 1.7 months and detected 20 additional patients with SPS, a tripling of the rate of SPS up to 0.90 %. Independent factors associated with SPS diagnosis were: having five or more proximal serrated lesions (odds ratio [OR] 4.01 [95 % confidence interval 1.20 - 13.45]; P = 0.02) or two or more sessile serrated polyps ≥ 10 mm (OR 6.35 [1.40 - 28.81]; P = 0.02) on baseline colonoscopy and the use of chromoendoscopy ± high definition endoscopy during reassessment colonoscopy (OR 4.99 [1.11 - 22.36]; P = 0.04). Conclusions A 1-year reassessment colonoscopy using chromoendoscopy and high definition endoscopes substantially improves SPS detection in individuals from a FIT-based screening program with proximal serrated lesions. Five or more proximal serrated lesions or two or more sessile serrated polyps ≥ 10 mm could be thresholds for requiring a reassessment colonoscopy. Prospective studies are required to validate these results and adjust surveillance recommendations in patients with serrated lesions.
Plasma-based monitoring of BRAF mutations during therapy for malignant melanoma (MM) using combined exosomal RNA and cell-free DNA analysis.
Authors: Ryan J. Sullivan, Vincent J. O'Neill, Kay Brinkmann, Daniel Enderle, Tina Koestler, Alexandra Spiel, Jennifer Emenegger, Mikkel Noerholm, Johan Skog, Carola Berking, Keith Flaherty
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

9017 Background: Oncogenic mutations in the BRAF gene (V600E/V600K) are present in 40-50% of patients with MM and represent an important therapeutic target (e.g. vemurafenib). Blood-based, serial monitoring of BRAF and other mutations during therapy may be useful to inform time-critical treatment decisions. Plasma contains at least two sources of cell-free nucleic acids (NAs): exosomal RNA (exoRNA) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Combining exoRNA and cfDNA maximizes the yield of genetic material from plasma, and may enable monitoring of both biologically important sources to enhance mutation detection sensitivity and help match patients to targeted therapies. Methods: Blood was drawn from 10 metastatic MM patients for analysis prior to therapy initiation and up to 8 serial time points. Subsequent purification of high-quality NAs using a novel, spin-column based method (EXO52) to co-isolate all exoRNA and cfDNA allowed analysis of mutations present in both NA fractions by ultra-deep sequencing. A custom next-generation sequencing (NGS) library preparation method, with a novel bioinformatics pipeline to efficiently call the rare mutations, was used to analyze a panel of 9 mutation hotspots from 6 genes, including BRAF. Data were correlated with tissue-based mutational analysis, treatment information, and RECIST-defined response assessments. Results: Somatic mutations from MM tumors were readily detected in both exoRNA and cfDNA from plasma. We show that the BRAF mutation signal from patient blood reduces with BRAF inhibitor treatment and is detectable in plasma prior to observed clinical and radiographic progression. Further, mutation signal from exoRNA consistently exceeds that from cfDNA across timepoints, with rate of change during response or relapse also showing differences. Possible clinical relevance of the BRAF exoRNA:cfDNA ratio will be discussed. Conclusions: Co-isolation of circulating exoRNA and cfDNA with EXO52 and subsequent NGS using a targeted gene panel provides a highly sensitive approach to monitor for BRAF and other somatic mutations in MM patients over the course of treatment, and has clinical utility.
Signalling Pathways Have Different Expression Profiles in Human Platelets Isolated from Men and Women.
Authors: Stephen W. Rothwell, Ofer Eidelman, Catherine Jozwik, Gregory Mueller, Merrily Poth, Pamela L. Zeitlin, William Guggino, David M. Jacobowitz, Meera Srivastava, Harvey B. Pollard
Journal: Blood (2006)
TCT-434 Femoral Versus Radial Approach For Coronary Invasive Procedures In Patients With Congestive Heart Failure. Insights from the Propensity Score-Matched Registry
Authors: Piotr P. Buszman, Marek Gierlotka, Michal Hawranek, Lukasz Pyka, Daniel Cieśla, Damian Pres, Mateusz Tajstra, Andrzej Lekston, Mariusz Gasior
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Pregnancy as a driver for melanoma
Authors: G. Richtig, L. Byrom, R. Kupsa, H. Schaider, R. Hofmann‐Wellenhof, I.H. Wolf, H.P. Soyer, E. Richtig
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Whether or not pregnancy favours the occurrence and growth of melanoma is a source of controversy in the literature. Several case reports have shown dramatic courses of diseases in pregnancy. We present a case of a 36-year-old woman with multiple naevi with one melanoma detected in 2009 in the first trimester and a second primary melanoma in 2010 in the third trimester of her pregnancy. Both lesions have been present for at least 5 years and have been interpreted as dysplastic naevi. Because of their growth during pregnancy they were removed. No metastatic disease has been found between 2010 and early 2017. This case shows the difficulty of detecting melanomas in pregnancy, particularly when they mimic dysplastic naevi in women with multiple naevi, who are at higher risk. Therefore, we suggest that pregnant women with numerous naevi should be precautious of any changes of their naevi in size, shape and colour. Every suspicious lesion should be either excised or documented/monitored carefully, for example with sequential digital dermoscopy imaging.
TCT-529 Incidence of persistent, resolved, and late incomplete scaffold apposition after bioresorbable scaffold implantation in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. A BVS-STEMI-first substudy
Authors: Antonios Karanasos, Nicolas M. Van Mieghem, Hector Garcia-Garcia, Roberto Diletti, Cordula Felix, Jors N. van der Sijde, Jiang-Ming Fam, Yuki Ishibashi, Peter De Jaegere, Patrick W. Serruys, Yoshinobu Onuma, Felix Zijlstra, Evelyn Regar, Robert J. Van Geuns
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)