tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lithium in the Treatment of Mood Disorders
Authors: Alastair J.J. Wood, Lawrence H. Price, George R. Heninger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Although over 40 years have elapsed since its effects on mania were first described,1 lithium is still a mainstay in the treatment of mood disorders. Indeed, it remains the standard against which new mood-stabilizing, or thymoleptic, drugs are measured. This longevity is all the more remarkable given lithium's narrow therapeutic index and the lack of clarity about its mechanism of action. This review summarizes the history, pharmacology, efficacy, clinical use, and toxicity of lithium, with a brief discussion of other thymoleptic drugs proposed as alternatives or adjuncts to lithium.HistoryLithium, which has an atomic number of 3, is the . . .
Abstract 952: Nitric oxide donor sulindac inhibits photocarcinogenesis by modulating epithelial mesenchymal transition and mitogen activated protein kinase signaling in SKH-1 hairless mouse skin
Authors: Tripti Singh, Puneet Kapur, Sandeep C. Chaudhary, Craig A. Elmets, Levy Kopelovich, Mohammad Athar
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO)-releasing non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NO-NSAIDs) have been shown to have anti-proliferative, proapoptotic and cancer inhibitory properties. Here, we have investigated the effects of NO-donor sulindac on UVB-induced skin cancer development in SKH-1 hairless mice. Mice (6-8 weeks old) were divided into three groups of ten mice each, which received either vehicle (acetone), vehicle+UVB (180mJ/cm 2) or topical application of NO-sulindac (5mg/mouse)+UVB after dissolving in acetone. Mice-treated with NO-sulindac developed significantly less number of tumors (60%) compared with non-NO-sulindac treated mice and tumor volume was also less by 90% on termination of the experiment at week 30th. Immunohistochemical and western blot analyses revealed that the expression levels of proliferation markers such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cell cycle regulatory cyclin D1 were markedly diminished in tumors of NO-sulindac treated mice. However, the treatment of NO-sulindac resulted in enhanced apoptosis in skin tumors as ascertained by the increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, reduced Bcl-2 and enhanced Bax expression levels in the tumors and tumor uninvolved skin. To investigate the effects of NO-sulindac on the progression of benign lesions to invasive carcinomas, we examined squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) for various epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. NO-sulindac decreased the expression of mesenchymal markers such as Fibronectin, N-cadherin, SNAI, Slug and Twist whereas the epithelial polarity marker E-cadherin was found to be increased compared to the SCCs of non-NO-sulindac treated group. Down regulation of EMT by NO-sulindac was associated with a remarkable diminution of UVB-induced phosphorylation MAPK proteins such as, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk 1/2), c-Jun-NH2 terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) and p38 in both UVB-exposed skin and skin tumors. Together our results suggest that NO-sulindac is a potential chemopreventive agent for photocarcinogenesis and that inhibition of photocarcinogenesis by NO-sulindac is associated with the inhibition of EMT and MAPK protein expression in skin tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 952.
Pathology of the Kidney in Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Liliane Morel-Maroger, André Basch, Françoise Danon, Pierre Verroust, Gabriel Richet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Renal function, proteinuria and renal histology, including five biopsies and 13 autopsies, were studied in 16 patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Glomerular abnormalities included amyloidosis in three cases and in six cases the presence of striking deposits, located on the endothelial aspect of the basement membrane, sometimes so voluminous as to occlude the capillary lumen, resembling thrombi. Immunofluorescent analysis of these deposits or thrombi suggested that they contained exclusively lgM. The morphologic aspect, as well as the composition, of these deposits may indicate a passive deposition of circulating lgM that is perhaps due to hyperviscosity. Interstitial infiltration, found in 10 cases, was of the same type as that observed in the bone marrow. In contrast to patients with myeloma, tubular casts with macrophagic reaction were never detected.
SAT0315 Which Physical Therapy Program is Cost Effective in Knee Osteoarthritis?
Authors: N. Cüzdan Coşkun, S. Ay, D. Evcik, S. Yüksel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Knee osteoarthritis is a disease with significant levels of socioeconomic burden to the society(1). Physical therapy treatment is commonly preferred especially in older patients who can not use medication. <h3>Objectives</h3> In this study, we aimed to to compare the cost-effectiveness of inpatient and outpatient physical therapy programs in patients with knee osteoarthritis. <h3>Methods</h3> The study included 52 patients with the diagnose of knee osteoarthritis. Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n=30) received 21 sessions of inpatient physical therapy program including electrotherapy, superficial- deep heatt applications and basic knee exercise program. Group 2 (n=22) received the same physical therapy program at outpatient clinic. The doctors' and patients' global assesment and pain intensity were measured with visual analog scale (VAS), quality of life with short form 36 (SF-36), functional activity with Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Knee Outcome Survey-Activities for Daily Living Scale (KOS -ADSL). The expenses spent were calculated as direct health, direct non-health and indirect costs. All expenditures and all measurements were assessed 5 times during the entire study: pre-treatment, just after treatment, and post-treatment follow-up first month, third months and sixth months. <h3>Results</h3> At the end of the six-months follow-up both groups showed significant improvement in all parameters. The total cost of inpatient treatment was found higher than the outpatient treatment group (inpatient=2.754,92 TL; outpatient=1274,68 TL). The utility was slightly higher in outpatient treatment group (inpatient=1.80 outpatient=1.97) and the outpatient physical therapy was found to be more cost-effective. <h3>Conclusions</h3> According to our results, both inpatient and outpatient physical therapy programs are effective. Outpatient physical therapy program should be preferred except for the presence of an additional disease or other conditions that require indication for hospitalization. <h3>References</h3> -Bitton R. The economic burden of osteoarthritis. Am J Manag Care. 2009; 15(8Suppl):S230-5 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Looking back on 1997
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1998)

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On the whole it has been a good year. The economy is growing slowly but steadily, so far unaffected by the Asian flu. The crime rate is down, even the use of cocaine is declining, and so is the prevalence of new cases of AIDS and deaths from it, in the United States though not elsewhere. Once declining cities are reviving, skid rows are being reclaimed and gentrified, but job security is “fragile,” and poverty remains an unsolved problem.

We hear much about the dangers of television violence and internet pornography, and even more about global warming threatening to destroy trees and beaches and causing vast epidemics. Already it has been blamed for a malaria outbreak in Venezuela, …

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Relationship of blood monocytes with chronic lymphocytic leukemia aggressiveness and outcomes: a multi‐institutional study
Authors: Daphne R. Friedman, Alexander B. Sibley, Kouros Owzar, Kari G. Chaffee, Susan Slager, Neil E. Kay, Curtis A. Hanson, Wei Ding, Tait D. Shanafelt, J. Brice Weinberg, Ryan A. Wilcox
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2016)

Monocyte-derived cells, constituents of the cancer microenvironment, support chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cell survival in vitro via direct cell-cell interaction and secreted factors. We hypothesized that circulating absolute monocyte count (AMC) reflects the monocyte-derived cells in the microenvironment, and that higher AMC is associated with increased CLL cell survival in vivo and thus inferior CLL patient outcomes. We assessed the extent to which AMC at diagnosis of CLL is correlated with clinical outcomes, and whether this information adds to currently used prognostic markers. We evaluated AMC, clinically used prognostic markers, and time to event data from 1,168 CLL patients followed at the Mayo Clinic, the Duke University Medical Center, and the Durham VA Medical Center. Elevated AMC was significantly associated with inferior clinical outcomes, including time to first therapy (TTT) and overall survival (OS). AMC combined with established clinical and molecular prognostic markers significantly improved risk-stratification of CLL patients for TTT. As an elevated AMC at diagnosis is associated with accelerated disease progression, and monocyte-derived cells in the CLL microenvironment promote CLL cell survival and proliferation, these findings suggest that monocytes and monocyte-derived cells are rational therapeutic targets in CLL. Am. J. Hematol. 91:687-691, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TÉCNICA P.O.S.E. PARA TRATAMIENTO DE LA OBESIDAD: RESULTADOS INICIALES
Authors: A Mata, JC Espinós, R Turró, M Sánchez, J Turró
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Introducción: La técnica de POSE (Primary Obesity Surgery Endoluminal) se realiza para conseguir una sensación fisiológica de saciedad más temprana y menos sensación de hambre.
An Unusual Urine Leak With Urolithiasis
Authors: Hong Yun Ma, M. Donald Blaufox
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Urine leaks usually result from blunt or penetrating trauma to the kidneys. Occasionally, urine leaks can be caused by back pressure from urinary obstruction caused by large urinary stones or a pelvic mass. We present the case of a 56-year-old man with an unusual urine leak caused by a small 2-mm renal stone.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL EVALUATION OF REGIONAL RIGHT VENTRICULAR CURVATURE IN REPAIRED TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
Authors: Waseem Cossor, Francesco Maffessanti, Karima Addetia, Victor Mor-Avi, Keigo Kawaji, David Roberson, Karin Dill, Peter Varga, Roberto Lang, Amit Patel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Abstract P4-05-01: Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Vector G47Δ Effectively Targets Breast Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: R Liu, W Zeng, P Hu, J Wu, J Li, J Wang, L Lei
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Breast tumors can be classified according to their gene-expression profiles into different molecular subtypes with distinct biological and clinical features. Moreover, different subtypes show distinct responses to different therapeutic regimens, thereby resulting in markedly different outcomes. Recently, accumulating evidence has suggested that breast cancer originates from cancer stem cells (CSCs), which comprise a small percentage of the overall tumor but are highly tumorigenic and pluripotent with unlimited proliferation potential. Furthermore, cancer stem cells are highly resistant to conventional treatment, which potentially explains certain difficulties in treating cancer with current therapy options. The use of oncolytic viruses is a relatively new strategy in cancer therapy, oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) has been shown to be a safe and effective therapeutic approach for a variety of different cancers. In this study, different types of breast cancer cell lines were cultured in anchorage-independent conditions, the cells typically form mammospheres within 10 days of anchorage-independent culture, which showed properties of CSCs. The mammospheres are capable of being passaged indefinitely and single dissociated mammosphere cells were able to regenerate spheres. Moreover, compared to the parental cell lines, mammoshpere cells were enriched for CD44+CD24− cells and highly expression of the alternative breast cancer stem cell marker ALDH-1. The third generation oHSV vector G47Δ effectively killed different subtypes of breast cancer cells in vitro, with more than 98% of the tumor cells killed by day 5, even at multiplicities of infection(MOI) 0.01. Moreover, G47Δ equally targeted non-cancer stem cells (NCSCs) and CSCs which showed resistance to paclitaxel. We also demonstrated that G47Δ effectively replicated and spread among CSCs. Moreover, G47Δ impaired the self-renewal ability of CSCs, as the viable cells unable to form secondary tumor spheres. We also showed that G47Δ was able to induce the regression of tumor xenografts in BALB/c nude mice and demonstrated the ability of G47Δ to synergize with paclitaxel for killing both NCSCs and CSCs. This is the first report that oHSV effectively targets different breast cancer NCSCs and CSCs, thereby suggesting that oHSV may be an effective treatment modality for patients with breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-05-01.
Detection of Local Tumor Progression by 18F-FDG PET/CT Following Lung Radiofrequency Ablation
Authors: Naohisa Suzawa, Koichiro Yamakado, Motoshi Takao, Osamu Taguchi, Tomomi Yamada, Kan Takeda
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance for detecting local tumor progression between FDG PET and CT in patients who received lung radiofrequency (RF) ablation for the treatment of malignant lung tumors.A total of 469 FDG PET/CT studies were performed at 4 time points (3, 6, 9, 12 months) after lung RF ablation in 143 patients (87 male and 56 female patients) with 231 tumors. The SUVmax was calculated in treated tumors in each PET image. The percentage decrease (% decrease) in ablative zone size was evaluated in each CT image. The final response was judged based on follow-up findings and histology. Diagnostic performance of FDG PET and CT images was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis.Local tumor progression was identified in 37 patients (25.9%, 37/143) having 47 tumors (20.4%, 47/231) during the median follow-up of 24 months (range, 8-75 months). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of PET was higher than that of CT at all 4 time points (0.71 vs 0.55 at 3 months, 0.82 vs 0.60 at 6 months, 0.84 vs 0.66 at 9 months, and 0.92 vs 0.68 at 12 months), and its diagnostic performance was significant at each time point (P = 0.0010 at 3 months and P < 0.001 at 6, 9, and 12 months). However, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of CT was significant at 9 months (P = 0.040) and 12 months (P = 0.032).FDG PET/CT is better able to assess local tumor progression at 3 and 6 months after lung RF ablation than CT alone.
P1-01-11: CD4+CD25highCD127low/− Regulatory T Cells Have Immunosuppressive Function in Patients with Breast Cancer.
Authors: N Sakemura, M Nakatsugawa, H Ito, H Isaka, K Imi, E Tazaki, K Miyamoto, N Wada, S Imoto, T Nakatsura
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ regulatory T cells play a central role in self-tolerance and suppress antitumor immune response. Recent studies have shown that low levels of the IL-7 receptor (CD127) are expressed on CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ regulatory T cells surfaces and the expression of CD127 is inversely correlated with the suppressive function of CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells. We evaluated the frequency of CD4+CD25highCD127low/− T cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 72 breast cancer patients and 21 healthy volunteers. The expression of Foxp3 mRNA was inversely correlated with the CD127 expression and correlated with CD25 expression. The frequency of CD4+CD25highCD127low/− T cells in breast cancer patients was significantly higher than that of healthy volunteers (p=0.0045). CD4+CD25highCD127low/− T cells were increased in hormone receptor negative patients and HER2 positive patients, but no statistical significant was observed in stage progression. In addition, the frequency of CD4+CD25highCD127low/− T cells decreased after curative resection in breast cancer patients (p=0.005). CD4+CD25highCD127low/−T cells also suppress proliferation of autologous CD4+CD25− helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in CFSE-based cell proliferation assay. These findings suggest that CD4+CD25highCD127low/− T cells a useful marker for regulatory T cells in breast cancer. Circulative peripheral regulatory T cells may participate in immune tolerance to breast carcinoma. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-11.
TCT-907 Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Pure Severe Native Valve Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: David Roy, Ulrich Schaefer, Victor Guetta, David Hildick-Smith, Helge Mollman, Nicolas Dumonteil, Thomas Modine, Johan Bosmans, Nicolo Piazza, Neil Moat, Axel Linke, cesar Moris, Diego Medvedofsky, Felix Woitek, Marjan Jahangiri, Jean-Claude Laborde, Stephen Brecker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
FRI0056 Half of RA Patients Does not Receive Adequate Cardiovascular Risk Management despite A Very High 10-Year Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: I. van den Oever, E. Griep, J. Griep-Wentink, A. Jonker-Boerstra, M. Dudok, W. Lems, A. Voskuyl, M. Nurmohamed
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) events. Since 2011, RA is considered as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the Dutch cardiovascular risk management (CV-RM) guidelines [1]. To date it is unknown whether RA patients receive adequate preventive treatment for CV risk as described in the guidelines. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate if and to what extent the Dutch CV-RM guidelines are implemented in the RA population. <h3>Methods</h3> Consecutive patients were recruited from two outpatient rheumatology clinics: 1. Reade, Centre of revalidation and rheumatology in Amsterdam and 2. Antonius Hospital in Sneek. CV risk factors, including age, systolic blood pressure, smoking status and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio were assessed and subsequently, the 10-years CV risk was calculated. A 10-year risk of developing a cardiovascular event of 20% or higher was classified as high CV risk. A risk below 10% was classified as low and 10 to 20% as intermediate CV risk. <h3>Results</h3> In total, 390 RA patients were included in this study: 125 from Antonius Hospital and 265 from Reade. Table 1 displays the relevant demographic and cardiovascular risk factors of the total population and the two rheumatology clinics separately. Of the total group 269 RA patients (69%) had a high, 57 (15%) an intermediate and 64 (16%) a low 10-year CV risk (figure 2). Ninety percent of the high CV risk patients should be treated with antihypertensive and/or statin treatment, however only 45% actually used one or both medications (figure 2). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Two third of the RA patients have a high cardiovascular risk and need cardiovascular risk management. Strikingly, in half of these patients adequate CV-RM is lacking. Therefore, strategies to optimize CV-RM in RA patients are urgently needed. <h3>References</h3> The Dutch College of General Practitioners, Multidisciplinary guidelines for cardiovascular risk management, revision 2011 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3689
P06 * SUPRATENTORIAL PNET IN ADULTS: MRI CAN HELP DISTINGUISH FROM GLIOBLASTOMA - DWI IS KEY
Authors: G. Eralil, T. L. Jones, F. A. Howe, T. R. Barrick, A. D. MacKinnon
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Extra-pineal supratentorial primitive neuro-ectodermal tumours (sPNETs) are considered rare in adults and little is known about their radiological appearances. The most clinically relevant pre-surgical differential diagnosis is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We present a series of patients with sPNET over a 6 year period (2008-2014), and provide an imaging update with a review of the existing literature. METHOD: Retrospective review of CT and MRI characteristics of 7 patients with histologically proven sPNETs. Comparisons were made with similarly located and histopathologically confirmed WHO Grade 4 GBMs. RESULTS: 6 of the 7 sPNETs occurred de novo. One arose within the resection bed of a WHO Grade 1 pilocytic astrocytoma. There were 4 frontal and 3 temporal lobe incidences. Mean age was 42.8yrs (range 23 - 73 yrs, median 36 yrs). On CT the solid component of the tumour was usually hyperdense. Some of the small sPNETs contained central haemorrhage, confirmed on MRI. Larger tumours were solid/cystic. On MRI the solid component of all sPNETs was T2 hypointense, showed avid enhancement and marked restricted diffusion, typical of a high grade tumour. The degree of restricted diffusion was notably greater in the sPNET group when compared to the GBM cohort. CONCLUSION: The extreme rarity of sPNETs in adults makes for difficult interpretation of existing imaging modalities. In non-histopathologically confirmed cases, imaging could be misinterpreted as high grade glioma. However, greater restricted diffusion in sPNETs may help distinguish them from GBMs. Advanced MRI techniques and correlation with spectroscopy and molecular markers will also help in the future.
A12
Authors: William P. Schmidt, Stephen R. Bunker, Michael F. Hartshorne, William H. Howard, John M. Bauman, Michael A. Cawthon, Robert D. Karl
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Schmidt, William P.; Bunker, Stephen R.; Hartshorne, Michael F.; Howard, William H. III; Bauman, John M.; Cawthon, Michael A.; Karl, Robert D. Jr. Author Information