tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nano‐Enabled Approaches for Stem Cell‐Based Cardiac Tissue Engineering
Authors: Mahshid Kharaziha, Adnan Memic, Mohsen Akbari, David A. Brafman, Mehdi Nikkhah
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Cardiac diseases are the most prevalent causes of mortality in the world, putting a major economic burden on global healthcare system. Tissue engineering strategies aim at developing efficient therapeutic approaches to overcome the current challenges in prolonging patients survival upon cardiac diseases. The integration of advanced biomaterials and stem cells has offered enormous promises for regeneration of damaged myocardium. Natural or synthetic biomaterials have been extensively used to deliver cells or bioactive molecules to the site of injury in heart. Additionally, nano‐enabled approaches (e.g., nanomaterials, nanofeatured surfaces) have been instrumental in developing suitable scaffolding biomaterials and regulating stem cells microenvironment to achieve functional therapeutic outcomes. This review article explores tissue engineering strategies, which have emphasized on the use of nano‐enabled approaches in combination with stem cells for regeneration and repair of injured myocardium upon myocardial infarction (MI). Primarily a wide range of biomaterials, along with different types of stem cells, which have utilized in cardiac tissue engineering will be presented. Then integration of nanomaterials and surface nanotopographies with biomaterials and stem cells for myocardial regeneration will be presented. The advantages and challenges of these approaches will be reviewed and future perspective will be discussed.
Memory CD8 + T Cells Require Increased Concentrations of Acetate Induced by Stress for Optimal Function
Authors: Maria L. Balmer, Eric H. Ma, Glenn R. Bantug, Jasmin Grählert, Simona Pfister, Timo Glatter, Annaïse Jauch, Sarah Dimeloe, Emma Slack, Philippe Dehio, Magdalena A. Krzyzaniak, Carolyn G. King, Anne-Valérie Burgener, Marco Fischer, Leyla Develioglu, Réka Belle, Mike Recher, Weldy V. Bonilla, Andrew J. Macpherson, Siegfried Hapfelmeier, Russell G. Jones, Christoph Hess
Journal: Immunity (2016)
Curing cancer in children: minimizing price, maximizing value.
Authors: A T Meadows
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1995.13.8.1837 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 7636525 Curing cancer in children: minimizing price, maximizing value. A T MeadowsxA T MeadowsSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1995.13.8.1837 First Page PDF © 1995 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Use of Trade Names of Drugs and the Scientific Content of Medical Congresses
Authors: Carla Ripamonti, Catherine Sweeney, Eduardo Bruera
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Article Tools SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.20.6.1707 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11896124 Use of Trade Names of Drugs and the Scientific Content of Medical Congresses Carla RipamontixCarla RipamontiSearch for articles by this author , Catherine SweeneyxCatherine SweeneySearch for articles by this author , Eduardo BrueraxEduardo BrueraSearch for articles by this author Show More National Cancer Institute, Milan, ItalyUniversity of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.20.6.1707 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2002 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Beta-Blockers in Pregnancy
Authors: Peter Charles Rubin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

DRUGS that competitively antagonize the effects of catecholamines at beta-adrenoreceptors have been in clinical use since the mid-1960s. Although they were initially used for the prevention of angina, these agents subsequently found wide clinical application. Hypertension, tachydysrhythmias, idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, hyperthyroidism, and migraine are all conditions in which beta-blockers have been given successfully. Several disorders for which a beta-blocker would be the drug of choice in general medical patients also occur in pregnant women. During the past few years a steadily increasing body of information has developed concerning the use of beta-blockers in pregnancy. This information has been presented . . .
Medicine and books: A Damn Bad Business: The NHS Deformed
Authors: Brian Salter
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Jeremy Lee-Potter 

Indigo, £8.99, pp 285 

ISBN 0 575 40164 8 

Over the past decade, medicine’s leading bodies have been obliged to adjust to the sobering reality that their place in the grand politics of the NHS has changed, and changed permanently. Margaret Thatcher’s abrupt exclusion of the profession from the policy making leading up to the 1991 reforms may have been offensive and uncomfortable, but it launched medicine on a political learning curve from which much has been gained. For the future, and with self regulation now a burgeoning issue, continuing political education is a requirement for all medical politicians interested in career advancement. 

In this context A Damn Bad Business is a fascinating and instructive insider’s account of personal and political adjustment to a rapidly changing relation between profession and state. As chairman of the BMA Council from 1990 to 1993, Jeremy Lee-Potter was confronted with a quite new set of political problems created by the radical policies and style of the Conservative government. How was the BMA to deal with a government that did not recognise medicine’s privileged position in the political universe, that sought to divide and rule by exploiting the profession’s inherent factionalism, and that thought (wrongly) that it had in the managers an alternative power base in the NHS? 

Drawing on a wide range of policy materials and data sources, the author shows how the BMA—along with the royal colleges, Joint Consultants Committee, and General Medical Council—evolved new strategies and forms of cooperation in order to reassert its right to determine what happens in the NHS. Much of the political manoeuvring with the government took place through informal networks with a restricted number of players, and Lee-Potter is particularly acute in his observations of how the elite cultural game is conducted and in his pen portraits of the personalities involved. Yet at the same time the intense politicisation of the NHS that accompanied the reforms meant that the support of the mass of the profession, as well as that of the public, had to be carefully cultivated and maintained as each new position emerged from the informal negotiations. Nothing could be taken for granted. 

The author’s penetrating account of the tensions and rewards of the political game are interleaved with a detailed and often authoritative examination of the major policy issues. Spiced with a judicious sprinkling of polemic, this adds both substance and interest. But it is the unusual insights into the high politics of health that grip the reader and illuminate the questions which remain. Has the medical profession learnt sufficient from the collision with Conservative governments to be able to deal with the subtler threat to its autonomy posed by Labour’s proposals on clinical governance? Will the patchwork of organisations linked by informal ties that constitute medicine’s system of self regulation be politically robust enough to deal with the mounting pressures for reform? Or is radical surgery required?
Point: Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in the Management of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Maurie Markman
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2004)

Both preclinical considerations and results of phase I safety and pharmacokinetic studies provided support for the argument that intraperitoneal antineoplastic drug delivery should be a rational approach to the management of ovarian cancer. Subsequently conducted phase II trials exploring regional treatment revealed surgically documented objective responses when the approach was employed as a second-line therapy. Recently, the results of three randomized phase III trials have shown that the use of primary cisplatin-based intraperitoneal therapy leads to superior survival compared with intravenous cisplatin-based treatment in patients with small-volume residual advanced ovarian cancer after initial surgical cytoreduction. Further exploration of this unique management strategy is indicated to develop an optimal approach that maintains the demonstrated enhanced efficacy while reducing the toxicity (principally because of cisplatin) of treatment.
Engraftment and immunologic effects of a novel less myeloablative allogeneic transplant conditioning regimen of continuous infusion pentostatin, photopheresis, and low dose tbi
Authors: Thierry Alcindor, Geoffrey Chan, Asma Al-Olama, Kenneth Miller, Todd Roberts, David Schenkein, Kelly Sprague, Gullu Gorgun, Francine Foss
Journal: Blood (2000)
Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the elderly.
Authors: V Zagonel, U Tirelli, A Carbone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1986.4.12.1866 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3537220 Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the elderly. V ZagonelxV ZagonelSearch for articles by this author , U TirellixU TirelliSearch for articles by this author , A CarbonexA CarboneSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1986.4.12.1866 PDF "Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the elderly.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 4(12), pp. 1866–1867© 1986 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Treatments for paracetamol poisoning
Authors: Nicholas A Buckley, Andrew H Dawson, Geoffrey K Isbister
Journal: BMJ (2016)

A 24 year old woman is brought to the emergency department semi-conscious after a suspected overdose; empty packs of paracetamol (acetaminophen) and diazepam are found with her. She is also taking carbamazepine for seizures. Her paracetamol concentration at the time of admission is 100 mg/L (660 µmol/L); she probably ingested the pills four to eight hours earlier.

Paracetamol poisoning can cause severe hepatotoxicity owing to a minor but highly reactive metabolite produced by cytochrome P450 enzymes. At therapeutic doses, the metabolite ( N -acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine; NAPQI) is detoxified by glutathione. However, in paracetamol overdose, glutathione stores are depleted and hepatotoxicity ensues, starting about eight hours after the overdose and potentially leading to fulminant liver failure within a few days.

The risk of hepatotoxicity is calculated from the blood concentration of paracetamol and hours since ingestion (fig 1⇓). If the concentration is above the line on the nomogram, treatment should be considered. The risk of toxicity without treatment is low until concentrations are substantially higher than this line. The nomogram is inaccurate if presentation is very late or the overdose was taken over several hours. If a measurement cannot be obtained within eight hours, treatment decisions cannot wait for laboratory results. Risk is then based on reported ingested dose (≥200 mg/kg or 10 g in Australia, >75 mg/kg or 4 g in United Kingdom) or on evidence of hepatotoxicity if the overdose was taken >24 hours ago.



Fig 1  Nomograms for the treatment of paracetamol poisoning. Concentrations above the lines require treatment. Nomograms for clinical use usually show just one of the lines to avoid confusion. The US/Australia line is sometimes referred to as the Rumack-Matthew line and is commonly used in Canada, New Zealand, and parts of Europe and Asia



Antidotes acetylcysteine and methionine provide a substrate for further glutathione synthesis, …
Cancer, emotions and mental illness: the present state of understanding
Authors: F G Surawicz, D R Brightwell, W D Weitzel, E Othmer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

The authors review recent and current literature on the relationship between psychological factors and cancer. They discuss the roles of predisposing personality patterns and emotional stress in the development, site, and course of cancer; the influence of awareness of terminal illness on the behavior of cancer patients; and the management of psychiatric symptoms in these patients.
Hepatocarcinogenicity of Diethylnitrosamine to the Self-Fertilizing Hermaphroditic Fish &lt;italic&gt;Rivulus marmoratus&lt;/italic&gt; (Teleostomi: Cyprinodontidae)&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: E H Park, D S Kim
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

The larvae, 3 days post hatching, of self-fertilizing hermaphroditic fish Rivulus marmoratus were exposed to diethyl-nitrosamine (DENA) (CAS: 55-18-5; N-nitrosodiethylamine) at levels of 50–400 ppm for 2 hours. At 3-month intervals, the exposed fish were sampled until 9 months postcarcinogen treatment. Hepatomas were induced in 6- and 9- month groups of the 100- ppm-treated and 200-ppm-treated fish. An exposure of fish larvae to 400 ppm DENA also produced similar tumors on 3-, 6-, and 9- month groups. The tumor incidences were clearly dose dependent. These results offered the possibility of the use of R. marmoratus as a suitable model for experimental carcinogenesis.
Lovesick: How Couples’ Relationships Influence Health
Authors: Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser, Stephanie J. Wilson
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2017)

This review highlights recent advances in research addressing intimate partner relationships and health. Consideration of the strong mutual influences that the members of a couple have on each other's mental and physical health trajectories provides a new way to view the health implications of couples' convergence or interdependence; marital closeness can have a clear downside when one partner has mental or physical health problems. Couples' interconnectedness can also be leveraged to promote better treatment outcomes. Major themes include the pivotal role of depression and the importance of gender differences in the pathways from the marital relationship to physiological functioning and health. The health risks and benefits of support are weighed. Additionally, two prominent emerging paths from marital distress to poor health are emphasized: sleep problems and metabolic alterations that promote obesity and its comorbidities.
LiverMetSurvey: Analysis of clinicopathologic factors associated with the efficacy of preoperative chemotherapy in 2,122 patients with colorectal liver metastases
Authors: R. Adam, T. Aloia, J. Figueras, L. Capussotti, G. Poston, G. Mentha, M. Selzner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

3521 Background: LiverMetSurvey is an international, internet-based registry designed to assess the efficacy of multimodality treatment options for colorectal liver metastases (CLM) by analyzing outcomes following hepatic resection (HR) in a large number of patients. Methods: Data were analyzed for the 2,122 patients entered into LiverMetSurvey by six hepatobiliary centers from inception to August 2004 (HR: 1974 to 2004; 1,306 men: 816 women; mean age: 61 years). The distributions of potential prognostic factors including age, sex, primary tumor site, timing of metastasis diagnosis, tumor number, diameter of the largest metastasis, bilaterality, and treatment with chemotherapy were compared to survivals using univariate and multivariate statistics. Results: Metastases originated in the colon in 69% of patients and were synchronous (diagnosed within 3 mo of primary tumor treatment) in 49% of patients. 34% of patients had ≥ 3 metastases and tumors were distributed bilaterally in 43% of cases. The mean size of the largest metastasis was 41.8 mm. 55% of patients were treated with preoperative systemic chemotherapy. Following resection, 60-day mortality was 1.2% and median, 5-year, and 10-year overall survivals (OS) were 46 mo, 42%, and 26%, respectively. Variables independently associated with poor prognosis included number of metastases &gt; 3 (p&lt;0.0001), bilateral metastases (p=0.0002), and size of the largest metastasis &gt; 5 cm (p=0.03). Preoperative chemotherapy (PC) did not appear to benefit patients with solitary CLM (5-yr OS: PC 45% vs. no PC 58%), but was associated with improved survival in patients with &gt; 5 metastases (5-yr OS: PC 22% vs. no PC 12%). Conclusions: Assessment of outcomes for the first 2,122 registrants to LiverMetSurvey not only confirms the prognostic importance of intrahepatic tumor burden, but also indicates that the ability of preoperative systemic chemotherapy to improve survivals is limited to patients with multiple (&gt; 5) metastases. In addition, this analysis demonstrates the potential for LiverMetSurvey, which is now prospectively enrolling patients from over 40 centers, to determine the therapeutic value of current and future treatment strategies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract P6-11-01: Cost-effectiveness of pertuzumab in HER2+ metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Y Qian, BY Durkee, EL Pollom, M King, SA Dudley, JB Shaffer, DT Chang, IC Gibbs, JD Goldhaber-Fiebert, KC Horst
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Purpose The Clinical Evaluation of Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab (CLEOPATRA) study showed a 15.7-month survival benefit with the addition of pertuzumab (P) to docetaxel and trastuzumab (TH) as first-line treatment for patients with HER2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis to assess the value of the addition of pertuzumab to docetaxel and trastuzumab. Patient and Methods We developed a decision-analytic Markov model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of TH with or without P in U.S. patients with metastatic breast cancer. The model followed patients weekly over their remaining lifetimes. Health states included: stable disease, progressing disease, hospice, and death. Transition probabilities were based on the CLEOPATRA study. Costs reflected the 2014 Medicare rates. Health state utilities were the same as those used in other recent cost-effectiveness studies of trastuzumab and pertuzumab. Outcomes included health benefits expressed as discounted quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), costs in U.S. dollars, and cost-effectiveness expressed as an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. One-way and multi-way deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses explored the effects of specific assumptions. Results Modeled median survival was 39.4 months (TH) and 56.9 months (THP). The addition of pertuzumab resulted in an additional 1.81 life years gained (0.62 QALYs) at a cost of $472,668 per QALY gained. Deterministic sensitivity analysis showed that THP is unlikely to be cost-effective even under the most favorable assumptions, and probabilistic sensitivity analysis predicted 0% chance of cost-effectiveness at a willingness-to-pay of $100,000 per QALY gained. Conclusion The addition of pertuzumab to docetaxel and trastuzumab in patients with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer is unlikely to be cost-effective in the United States. Citation Format: Qian Y, Durkee BY, Pollom EL, King M, Dudley SA, Shaffer JB, Chang DT, Gibbs IC, Goldhaber-Fiebert JD, Horst KC. Cost-effectiveness of pertuzumab in HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-11-01.
Abstract A24: HDAC inhibition unmasks a microRNA-mediated mechanism of tumor suppression
Authors: Clare M. Adams, Scott W. Hiebert, Christine M. Eischen
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Genetic lesions resulting in epigenetic dysregulation have a newly appreciated role in tumor initiation and progression. Alterations in epigenetic enzymes, such as histone deacetylases (HDACs), lead to dynamic changes in the epigenetic landscape that are postulated to alter the expression of critical mediators of tumorigenesis. HDACs not only alter the expression of protein-coding genes, but also affect noncoding RNAs, including microRNA (miRNA). Recent evidence suggests that miRNA are one of the largest classes of regulatory molecules and, given their broad impact on gene expression, it is not surprising they have a significant role in tumorigenesis. Although, small molecule inhibitors of HDACs have demonstrated therapeutic utility, the molecular events underlying the observed selective killing of cancer cells are incompletely resolved. We determined that HDAC inhibition in numerous hematopoietic malignancies relieved the Myc-mediated transcriptional repression of miRNA with known tumor suppressive properties, namely the miR-15 and let-7 families. Specifically, following HDAC inhibition, Myc, which normally represses the miR-15 and let-7 families in cancer cells, transcriptionally activated their expression. In addition, we demonstrated that Myc was required for this HDAC inhibition-induced miRNA upregulation. As a result, transcript levels of the miR-15 and let-7 families increased, which subsequently targeted and decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, respectively, inducing apoptosis in multiple hematopoietic malignancies. Unexpectedly, we demonstrated that, in normal cells, dysregulated Myc transcriptionally upregulated these miRNA as a means to prevent cellular transformation, revealing a novel mechanism whereby Myc induces apoptosis independent of the p53 tumor suppressor. Our results expose a previously unknown, and surprisingly general, mechanism of Myc-induced apoptosis that capitalizes on miRNA. Importantly, our data provide insight into the molecular underpinnings following HDAC inhibition and contribute new knowledge that should aid in the development of improved cancer therapeutics. Citation Format: Clare M. Adams, Scott W. Hiebert, Christine M. Eischen. HDAC inhibition unmasks a microRNA-mediated mechanism of tumor suppression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer: Mechanisms to Medicines ; 2015 Dec 4-7; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A24.