tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Future of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence in the United States Forecast Through 2030
Authors: Jessica L. Petrick, Scott P. Kelly, Sean F. Altekruse, Katherine A. McGlynn, Philip S. Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence rates have been increasing in the United States for the past 35 years. Because HCC has a poor prognosis, quantitative forecasts could help to inform prevention and treatment strategies to reduce the incidence and burden of HCC.
AB0169 Recruitment and Activation of NK Cells in the Salivary Glands Regulates Early Viral Control but is Dependable for Autoimmunity and Focal Lymphocytic Sialoadenitis in an Inducible Murine Model of Sjogren-Like Disease
Authors: E. Pontarini, D. Lucchesi, D. Mavilio, M. Bombardieri
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Dysregulation of Natural Killer (NK) cells has been shown to influence the development of autoimmune diseases<sup>1</sup>, but their role in Sjögren9s syndrome (SS) remain unclear. <h3>Objectives</h3> The main goal of our study was to investigate the recruitment and functional relevance of NK cells in the early phases of salivary gland (SG) inflammation in an inducible murine model of SS. <h3>Methods</h3> Sialoadenitis was induced in WT-C57BL/6 mice via SG retro-cannulation of 10<sup>8</sup> pfu/gland of luciferase-encoding adenovirus-5 (AdV). FACS analysis of NK cells (CD45<sup>pos</sup>/NK1.1<sup>pos</sup>/CD3<sup>neg</sup>) was performed in digested SG, while snap-frozen SG tissues were stained for either cytotoxic NK cells (NK1.1<sup>pos</sup>/CD3<sup>neg</sup>/Granzyme B<sup>pos</sup>) or B (B220<sup>pos</sup>) and T cells (CD3<sup>pos</sup>). Negatively selected CFSE<sup>pos</sup> NK cells from WT-C57BL/6 mice spleens were adoptively transferred in AdV-infected mice to evaluate NK cell recruitment and proliferation in the SG. Virus infected cell clearance by NK cells was assessed with luciferase activity quantification in SG. To achieve NK cell depletion, 200μg of anti-NK1.1 antibody were administered via intraperitoneal injection every 48h. Anti-nuclear antibodies were assessed on Hep-2-coated microscope slides, and anti-AdV antibodies with ELISA assay. <h3>Results</h3> AdV infection in SG induced an early NK cell recruitment peaking at 4 days post-cannulation (dpc). This is due to an active NK cell migration to the SG at 1dpc followed by their intra-SG proliferation at 3-5dpc, as shown by cell transfer experiments. NK cells preferentially accumulate before B/T cell aggregates formation. Activating markers NKp46 and CD69 were up regulated from 5dpc onwards when an increased degranulation potential was observed. Accordingly, NK cells, rather then cytotoxic T cells, mainly mediated cytotoxic activity, as measured by granzyme B expression, at 4/5dpc. NK depletion impaired viral control at 3dpc but not at later time-points. Conversely, NK depletion did not affect the formation of SS-like inflammatory <i>foci</i> or lymphoid chemokine expression. Moreover, NK cells did not influence the production of ANA or anti-AdV antibodies. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Here we show that NK cells are actively recruited to the inflammatory site of the SG and are critically involved in the early immune control of AdV infection in this organ but are dispensable for the development of SS-like inflammatory <i>foci</i> and autoimmunity. <h3>References</h3> Schleinitz N1, Vély F, Harlé JR, Vivier E. Natural killer cells in human autoimmune diseases. Immunology. 2010 Dec;131(4):451-8. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
A phase III multi-institutional randomized study of immunization with the gp100: 209–217(210M) peptide followed by high-dose IL-2 compared with high-dose IL-2 alone in patients with metastatic melanoma
Authors: D. J. Schwartzentruber, D. Lawson, J. Richards, R. M. Conry, D. Miller, J. Triesman, F. Gailani, L. B. Riley, D. Vena, P. Hwu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

CRA9011 The full, final text of this abstract will be available in Part II of the 2009 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings, distributed onsite at the Meeting on May 30, 2009, and as a supplement to the June 20, 2009, issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology. [Table: see text]
Increased Adhesion of Erythrocytes to Endothelial Cells in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Relation to Vascular Complications
Authors: Jean-Luc Wautier, R. Colin Paton, Marie-Paule Wautier, Dominique Pintigny, Eric Abadie, Philippe Passa, Jacques P. Caen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

We studied the adhesion of erythrocytes from 30 diabetic patients and 25 controls to human endothelial cells. Washed erythrocytes were labeled with 51Cr and added to confluent endothelial cells cultured from umbilical veins. After incubation at 37 degrees C, the nonadherent erythrocytes were removed by sequential washings. The percentage of erythrocytes adhering to cultured endothelium after each wash was significantly higher when erythrocytes were from diabetics than when they were from controls (P less than 0.005). After the fifth wash, the mean adhesion ratio (percentage of adhering diabetic red cells: percentage of adhering control red cells) was 2.33 (range, 0.8 to 5.2). Increased adhesion was related to the extent of vascular complications in the diabetics, as assessed by a vascular score. With the same technique, fewer erythrocytes adhered to plastic and to cultured human fibroblasts than to endothelial cells, although the adhesion of the diabetic red cells to these surfaces was higher than that of the controls. These results suggest that in diabetes there is an intrinsic erythrocyte abnormality that is related to vascular disease.
Use of Allopurinol for Prevention and Control of Hyperuricemia in Patients with Neoplastic Disease
Authors: Ronald C. DeConti, Paul Calabresi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

UROLITHIASIS and renal insufficiency, associated with hyperuricemia, are well known complications of certain neoplastic disorders, particularly leukemia and lymphoma.1 , 2 Irradiation or chemotherapy, by increasing elevated serum levels of uric acid, may precipitate acute uric acid nephropathy. This has been cited as the most frequent cause of acute renal failure in patients with leukemia,3 and occasionally may be the presenting manifestation of the disease.4 In the past, prevention and treatment of this complication were attempted by increasing the solubility of the increased uric acid load presented to the renal tubules with vigorous hydration, urinary alkalinization and osmotic diuresis. In desperate situations . . .
Case 16-1995
Authors: F.J. Venditti, E.J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Presentation of CaseA 35-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of recurrent ventricular tachycardia.The patient had been well until seven months earlier, when ventricular tachycardia occurred and a diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy was made; no cause was identified. Radiographs of the chest showed ill-defined opacities in the right upper lobe. A tuberculin skin test was negative, a test with mumps antigen was positive, and a test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies was negative. Microscopical examination of right and left ventricular myocardial-biopsy specimens revealed myocyte hypertrophy, without evidence of myocarditis. Because of recurrent bouts of ventricular tachycardia . . .
Bias and bulimia nervosa: how typical are clinic cases?
Authors: C G Fairburn, S L Welch, P A Norman, M E O'Connor, H A Doll
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

Since patients being treated for bulimia nervosa constitute only a minority of persons with the disorder, the cases seen in clinics may be subject to sampling bias. The aim of this study was to investigate sampling bias as it affects secondary referrals for bulimia nervosa.The personal and family characteristics of a consecutive series of 60 women with secondary referrals for bulimia nervosa (clinic subjects) were compare with those of 83 subjects with bulimia who were recruited directly from the community. Most of the data were collected by interview.The demographic characteristics of the two groups were similar. The clinic subjects had a more severe eating disorder and much greater impairment of social functioning. There was no difference between the groups in duration of the eating disorder or level of general psychiatric disturbance. The community subjects were heavier and had stronger family histories of obesity.There is sampling bias among secondary referrals for bulimia nervosa. The relative absence of persons prone to obesity among secondary subjects is important, since there is evidence that vulnerability to obesity is a poor prognostic feature as well as being a risk factor for the development of bulimia nervosa. The greater social impairment among the clinic subjects is suggestive of greater personality disturbance in this group. Caution is warranted when generalizing from clinic cases to the disorder as a whole.
Spontaneous Perforation of the Esophagus
Authors: Joseph P. Lynch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

SPONTANEOUS perforation of the presumably normal esophagus has been considered a rare lesion. A recent increase in the number of reports on this subject indicates that it may not be as unusual as was formerly believed. Barrett,1 Olsen and Clagett2 and Kinsella3 have recently considered this subject so completely that further review is unnecessary. The original, classic description of the lesion by Boerhaave in 1723 and the first diagnosis made during life by Walker4 in 1914 represent historical milestones. In modern times, the diagnosis has been made before death a number of times, but seldom early enough to permit treatment. . . .
Physician-Assisted Suicide -- Michigan's Temporary Solution
Authors: G J Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Lewis Thomas has noted that doctors “are as frightened and bewildered by the act of death as everyone else”1. “Death is shocking, dismaying, even terrifying,” Thomas has written. “A dying patient is a kind of freak . . . an offense against nature itself”1. It is thus not surprising that many physicians have difficulty talking candidly with dying patients and caring for them, a reaction that often results in undermedication for pain and expensive and ineffective overtreatment.American patients know this, and although death is a culture-wide enemy, many Americans fear the process of dying in an impersonal . . .
Early Detection of Primary Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
Authors: M. C. Mihm, T. B. Fitzpatrick, M. M. Lane Brown, J. W. Raker, R. A. Malt, J. S. Kaiser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Abstract Recognition of malignant melanoma in an early stage, when cure is more probable, is often possible through inspection of the color of the lesions, with particular attention to shades of blue. As shown in this atlas, such lesions can be recognized with the naked eye, before biopsy specimens are taken. (N Engl J Med 289:989–996, 1973)
Protection against Pemphigus Foliaceus by Desmoglein 3 in Neonates
Authors: Hong Wu, Zhi Hong Wang, Albert Yan, Stephen Lyle, Steven Fakharzadeh, James K. Wahl, Margaret J. Wheelock, Hiroyasu Ishikawa, Jouni Uitto, Masayuki Amagai, John R. Stanley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Pemphigus foliaceus is an autoantibody-mediated blistering disease in which antibodies against desmoglein 1 cause loss of adhesion among keratinocytes in the superficial epidermis.1 Desmogleins are transmembrane glycoproteins found in desmosomes, which provide physical connections between cells. The main desmogleins expressed in the epidermis are desmoglein 1 and desmoglein 3. In adults, desmoglein 1 is present throughout the epidermis, but desmoglein 3 is present only in the basal and immediate suprabasal layers.2,3 It has been proposed that in patients with pemphigus foliaceus the antibodies interfere with the adhesive function of desmoglein 1 and that blisters occur only in the superficial . . .
Comparative analysis of sentinel lymph node mapping in breast cancer by 1% lymphazurin vs. 1% methylene blue: A prospective study
Authors: S. Saha, S. J. Sirop, P. Fritz, S. Carpenter, K. Doan, D. Iddings, N. Krishnaiah, M. Ghanem, S. Seone, D. Wiese
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

570 Background: Lymphazurin (L) has been widely used for sentinel lymph node mapping (SLNM) in breast cancer with or without radiosulfur colloid. Due to the recent unavailability and occasional adverse anaphylactic reactions of L, methylene blue (M) is being used for SLNM. A prospective comparison was made between L and M for patients with early stage breast cancer undergoing SLNM to identify the differences between the two dyes. Methods: Only patients with early stages (T1, T2) breast cancer with clinically negative nodes were included. SLNM was performed by injection of 3–5 ml of L or M in the subaereolar, intraparenchymal and intradermal areas. If touch preparations of SLNs were negative for metastasis, no further node dissection was performed. Data was obtained regarding age, stage of the disease, sentinel lymph node status, accuracy, sensitivity and adverse reactions for both groups. Results: Two hundred thirty-nine consecutive patients were studied. L was used in 167 patients (69%) and M in 72 patients(31%); average age was 61 for both groups. SLNM was successful in 100% of pts in both groups with similar numbers of SLNs per patient, nodal positivity and additional lymph nodes harvested (Table). No skip metastases were found with either group. The most significant adverse reaction in the L group was generalized blue hives and drop in pulse oximetry, compared to skin necrosis in the M group. There was no axillary recurrence in either groups during the three years of the study. Cost per vial of L was $210 vs. $7 for M. Conclusions: L & M are equally effective for successful SLNM in early BrCa patients. Absence of anaphylaxis, lack of drop in pulse oximetry and lower cost make M more desirable for SLNM than L. Comparison of Lymphatic Mapping between L and M in Early Stage Breast Cancer Variable L M P value Number of patients/percentage Total T1 lesion T2 lesion 165 129/79% 36 /21% 72 50 /69% 22 /31% - 0.18 0.18 Average age 61 61 1.0 SLNs Success rate (percentage) 100% 2.5 100% 25.7% 100% 2.1 100% 21.0% 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.5 N/A Average SLNs/patient Accuracy Nodal positivity Skip mets (percentage) 0% 0% Additional nodes harvested 34.7% 38.6% 0.5 Adverse reactions (percentage) Blue Hives Pulse oximetry drop of >5% Anaphylaxis Skin necrosis 2.4% 18.6% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 7% 0.3 <0.001 N/A 0.002 Axillary recurrence 0% 0% N/A average cost / patient $210 $7 <0.001 L=1% Lymphazurin, M=1% Methylene blue No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A difficult case: Diagnosis made by hallucinatory voices
Authors: I. O. Azuonye
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A previously healthy woman began to hear hallucinatory voices telling her to have a brain scan for a tumour. The prediction was true; she was operated on and had an uneventful recovery.

Born in continental Europe in the mid-1940s the patient settled in Britain in the late 1960s. After a series of jobs, she got married, started a family, and settled down to a full time commitment as a housewife and mother. She rarely went to her general practitioner as she enjoyed good health and had never had any hospital treatment. Her children had also been in good health.

In the winter of 1984, as she was at home reading, she heard a distinct voice inside her head. The voice told her, “Please don't be afraid. I know it must be shocking for you to hear me speaking to you like this, but this is the easiest way I could think of. My friend and I used to work at the Children's Hospital, Great Ormond Street, and we would like to help you.”

AB had heard of the Children's Hospital, but did not know where it was and had never visited it. Her children were well, so she had no reason to worry about them. This made it all the more frightening for her, and the voice intervened again: “To help you see that we are sincere, we would like you to check out the following”—and the voice gave her three separate pieces of information, which she did not possess at the time. She checked them out, and they were true, but this did not help because she had already come to the conclusion …
Impaired Antibody Response to Pneumococcal Vaccine after Treatment for Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: George R. Siber, Sigmund A. Weitzman, Alan C. Aisenberg, Howard J. Weinstein, Gerald Schiffman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

To determine if a normal antibody response can develop after therapy for Hodgkin's disease, we immunized 53 patients and 10 normal controls with dodecavalent pneumococcal vaccine. Antibody concentrations three weeks after immunization (geometric mean of 11 serotypes) were 1566 ng of protein nitrogen per milliliter in controls, 963 ng per milliliter after subtotal radiation (P less than 0.05 compared to controls), 658 ng per milliliter after chemotherapy (P less than 0.05), 377 ng per milliliter after subtotal radiation plus chemotherapy (P less than 0.01) and 283 ng per milliliter after total nodal radiation plus chemotherapy (P less 0.001). Low levels of antibody before immunization correlated with a poor response (r = +0.73, P less than 0.001). The ability to respond to immunization improved significantly but did not return to normal as long as four years after combined therapy. The antibody response to pneumococcal vaccine is profoundly impaired in patients who have received intensive treatment for Hodgkin's disease: the ability of this vaccine to protect them from overwhelming postsplenectomy infections remains in doubt.
Oral recombinant human Lactoferrin (rhLF) slows tumor growth in metastatic NSCLC and other advanced incurable cancers: Results of a Phase II study
Authors: T. G. Hayes, G. R. Varadhachary, G. Falchook, D. Smith, A. Varadhachary, H. M. Dhingra
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3140 Background: RhLF, a novel immunomodulatory agent, was previously shown to have anti-tumor activity in a variety of animal models, and was safe and well tolerated in Phase I human trials. Methods: 33 patients with advanced solid tumors that had progressed on previous chemotherapy regimens, or who had no effective chemotherapy regimens available, will be scheduled to receive oral rhLF monotherapy in cycles of 2 weeks on, 2 weeks off, until tumor progression. Following an initial dose escalation, patients were randomized between the two highest rhLF doses (4.5 or 9 g/day). Tumor response was followed by periodic CT scans using RECIST criteria. Results: We have enrolled 27 patients to date–9 with NSCLC, 4 each with renal and colon cancer, and 3 or fewer with seven other tumor types. RhLF was safe and well tolerated, with no drug-related SAEs or DLTs. A total of 22 patients were evaluable radiologically. We observed one (5%) partial response and 12 (55%) stable disease. In NSCLC patients, the largest group, 5 patients (53%) had stable disease. In patients with renal cancer, we had one (25%) partial response and 3 (75%) stable disease. Colon cancer patients had 50% stable disease. We also observed a substantial decrease in the growth rate of target lesions before and after start of rhLF. The average tumor growth rate dropped by 68% (p<0.05) from 5.2% to 1.7% per week. A reduction in tumor growth rate could potentially result in increased survival. The NSCLC patients (88% tumor rate reduction; p<0.05) already appear to demonstrate a survival benefit. The median survival to date among the 9 NSCLC patients is 8 months (with only one death), which compares favorably to the 4.6 months expected median for pretreated patients with metastatic lung cancer. Updated survival and response data will be presented. Conclusions: RhLF is safe and well tolerated, shows promise in salvage therapy of NSCLC and renal cancer, and should be evaluated in larger Phase II trials. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Agennix, Inc. Agennix, Incorporated
PTH-149 Clinico-pathological factors influencing survival in patients undergoing stenting for oesophago-gastric cancer: Abstract PTH-149 Table 1
Authors: A Mahmood, P Glen
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Oesophageal and gastric cancers remain poor prognosis cancers with a recommended outcome from MDT as stent only for palliation. This study addresses factors that may affect survival in this group. <h3>Method</h3> For the 5 year period 2009–13, all patients that had MDT outcome from our regional oesophago-gastric MDT of stent only for palliative treatment were collated. Clinical and pathological data was obtained from the electronic clinical record and survival was calculated. Survivals were compared by Kaplan-Meier log rank analysis using SPSS. <h3>Results</h3> Two-hundred and seventeen patients had MDT recommendation of stent only from MDT in the study period and median survival was 76 days from diagnosis. Factors significantly affecting survival were presence or absence of metastatic disease, low neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and low modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS). <h3>Conclusion</h3> MDT decision making appears good at selecting poor prognosis patients for stent only, however within this group the prognostic factors based on systemic inflammation (NLR and mGPS) can select out a subgroup of patient with a median survival of over 150 days that may benefit from consideration of additional treatment. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
The Association between Sulfonylurea Use and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Dimitris Varvaki Rados, Lana Catani Pinto, Luciana Reck Remonti, Cristiane Bauermann Leitão, Jorge Luiz Gross
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2016)

Background Sulfonylureas are an effective and inexpensive treatment for type 2 diabetes. There is conflicting data about the safety of these drugs regarding mortality and cardiovascular outcomes. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the safety of the sulfonylureas most frequently used and to use trial sequential analysis (TSA) to analyze whether the available sample was powered enough to support the results. Methods and Findings Electronic databases were reviewed from 1946 (Embase) or 1966 (MEDLINE) up to 31 December 2014. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of at least 52 wk in duration evaluating second- or third-generation sulfonylureas in the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes and reporting outcomes of interest were included. Primary outcomes were all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Additionally, myocardial infarction and stroke events were evaluated. Data were summarized with Peto odds ratios (ORs), and the reliability of the results was evaluated with TSA. Forty-seven RCTs with 37,650 patients and 890 deaths in total were included. Sulfonylureas were not associated with all-cause (OR 1.12 [95% CI 0.96 to 1.30]) or cardiovascular mortality (OR 1.12 [95% CI 0.87 to 1.42]). Sulfonylureas were also not associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (OR 0.92 [95% CI 0.76 to 1.12]) or stroke (OR 1.16 [95% CI 0.81 to 1.66]). TSA could discard an absolute difference of 0.5% between the treatments, which was considered the minimal clinically significant difference. The major limitation of this review was the inclusion of studies not designed to evaluate safety outcomes. Conclusions Sulfonylureas are not associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Current evidence supports the safety of sulfonylureas; an absolute risk of 0.5% could be firmly discarded. Review registration PROSPERO CRD42014004330