tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Neurotoxicity of the Rat Poison Vacor
Authors: Peter A. LeWitt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Oral ingestion of a new rat poison that antagonizes nicotinamide metabolism, N-3-pyridylmethyl-N′-p-nitrophenyl urea (PNU, Vacor), is known to cause diabetes mellitus. I describe neurologic complications of PNU ingestion in 12 patients 19 to 50 years of age who swallowed between 0.39 and 7.02 g of PNU. One died within a day, and five died of chronic complications 40 to 182 days after taking the poison. Apart from the acute hyperglycemic ketoacidosis, the clinical presentation was variable, but orthostatic hypotension, gastrointestinal hypomotility, peripheral neuropathy, and encephalopathy were typical. The peripheral, autonomic, and central-nervous dysfunction could develop either acutely or over several days. It is possible that nicotinamide, given parenterally within minutes, prevents toxicity, but the cases discussed in this paper indicate that the neurologic deficits may progress despite later nicotinamide administration. Neurologic improvement took many months. Full recovery was uncommon, and the orthostatic hypotension tended to persist. (N Engl J Med 302:73–77, 1980)
Hypofractionated Whole Breast Radiation and Partial Breast Radiation for Early-Stage Breast Cancers: An Update on Progress
Authors: Beryl McCormick
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2012)

This article provides an update of recent progress using partial breast irradiation (PBI) for the treatment of early-stage breast cancer, rather than whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT), which is the standard of care. Several large, prospective, randomized trials are nearing target accrual or have been completed, including the NSABP/RTOG trial, the Milan-based intraoperative radiation trial, and the international TARGIT trial, and the status of each is discussed. The American Society for Radiation Oncology has also published a consensus statement to guide the use of PBI until some of the phase III trials are more mature. Finally, several articles have appeared recently, reporting unexpected adverse effects of PBI in small series, and this information is reviewed. Several recent prospective trials of WBRT are also discussed, with the theme of comparing the standard 25 fractions to a shortened, hypofractionated trial arm delivering equivalent doses of WBRT in approximately 15 treatments, another radiation strategy for a shortened course of treatment after breast-conserving surgery.
Case 34-2007
Authors: Martin A. Samuels, R. Gilberto Gonzalez, Arthur Y. Kim, Anat Stemmer-Rachamimov
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 77-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of difficulty speaking and altered mental status. He had been well until the day before admission, when pain developed in the right side of the face and in the right ear. Several days earlier, he had fallen on the sidewalk and hit his head. On examination, he was lethargic with incomprehensible speech; dried blood was seen in the right ear canal. CT scanning of the head disclosed pneumocephalus and opacification of the right mastoid air cells.
Decreased 24-hour urinary MHPG in childhood autism
Authors: J G Young, D J Cohen, B K Caparulo, S L Brown, J W Maas
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

The authors compared a group of boys with childhood autism and a group of normal boys of similar age and found a decrease in urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethylene glycol (MHPG) in the autistic group. They hypothesize that autistic children might have an alteration in central and peripheral noradrenergic function, which might be related to impaired regulation of attention, arousal, and anxiety.
Controversies in Management: Management of women with mild dyskaryosis Cytological surveillance avoids overtreatment
Authors: M I Shafi
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The smear report is undoubtedly the most important variable when deciding whether a woman should be referred for colposcopy. National guidelines on referral for colposcopy also need to consider the scientific data, the availability of facilities locally, and the psychological impact of referral and treatment. The psychological sequelae of referral for colposcopy, with possible treatment, may be greater than the risk of serious disease developing from the abnormality that the smear identified. National experts recently reached a consensus that recommends immediate referral for colposcopy for women with more severe cytological abnormalities and repeat cervical smear tests for those women with macroscopically normal cervices and smears showing mild dyskaryosis or borderline nuclear changes. If smear tests continue to show cytological abnormality the woman is then referred for colposcopy.1

In the United Kingdom 5.5 million smear tests are performed annually, of which 2.4% show mild dyskaryosis and 2.2% are reported as showing borderline nuclear abnormalities. In younger women the proportion with borderline or mild changes is about 7.7%. This represents over 250 000 smears reported to show minor cytological abnormalities each year. Though the figures are not directly comparable, this can be related to the fact that about 350 000 girls are born each year in Britain but there are fewer than 1900 deaths a year from cervical cancer, many in women who never had a cervical …
Journals are not yet obsolete
Authors: J. Cowie
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--Much has been forecast in the past: the creation of cinema will be the death toll for theatres; the invention of television will be the death toll for cinema; the invention of video will be the death toll for cinema; the invention of the word processor will mean the end of the pen. Now it is the 1990s and we have the worldwide web and are told that paper journals will die.1 But life is not as simple as Ronald E LaPorte and colleagues make out.

Firstly, a number of journals have been largely electronic for nearly a decade. The creation of the joint academic network (JANET) …
Exercise Intensity, Dose, and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Fabian Sanchis-Gomar, Carmen Fiuza-Luces, Alejandro Lucia
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A comparison of manual and MEDLARS reviews of the literature on consultation-liaison psychiatry
Authors: J C Bareta, D B Larson, J S Lyons, J J Zorc
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

A systematic manual search for articles related to consultation-liaison psychiatry was compared to a computerized search of the same journals during the same period that was done with the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (MEDLARS). More articles were located with the manual method (94%) than with MEDLARS (65%).
Urinary Excretion of Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate and Guanosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate
Authors: Ferid Murad, Charles Y. C. Pak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

The urinary excretion of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) was examined in normal controls, 16 patients with hyperparathyroidism and six with hypoparathyroidism. The diurnal pattern of excretion of both nucleotides was not altered by either exercise or altered parathyroid function. Whereas calcitonin increased cyclic AMP excretion in a patient with Paget's disease, no effects on either nucleotide were observed in a parathyroidectomized patient. Calcium infusions produced variable effects on cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP excretion. Cyclic AMP excretion was elevated in 14 of 15 patients with hyperparathyroidism, and normal renal function; it decreased in all patients after removal of hyperplastic or adenomatous parathyroid glands. Three patients with carcinoma and hypercalcemia excreted normal amounts of cyclic AMP, those with hyperparathyroidism excreted increased amounts, and low levels were excreted by six hypoparathyroid patients and by one with hypercalcemic sarcoidosis. The 24-hour urinary output of cyclic AMP may be useful in differentiating hypercalcemia of various causes.
The Variable Pattern of Circulating Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Stephen Davis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The percentages of T and B lymphocytes in 13 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia were determined at two-week intervals. One patient with "B-cell predominant" disease showed a decrease from 77 to 49 in the percentage of circulating B cells, which bind heat aggregated immunoglobulin and anti-human immunoglobulin. This patient had a comparable increase in T cells, which form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. The lymphocytes of three other patients, who originally had equal percentages of cells that bound heat-aggregated immunoglobulin and anti-human immunoglobulin, lost lg determinants from 47 to 63 per cent of cells without changing the proportion of cells with receptors for heat-aggregated immunoglobulin or for sheep erythrocytes. The characterization of lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia should include sequential determination of cell-surface markers for both T and B cells, since the disease does not represent a proliferation of B cells alone.
Prolactin-Releasing Activity of 3-Methylcholanthrene&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Richard C. Moon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

Young, Sprague-Dawley, lactating rats were separated from their litters on day 14 post parturn. Each lactating rat received a single feeding of 10 or 30 mg 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) by intra-gastric instillation 4 hours after separation of mother and litter. Each animal was killed at either 4, 8, 16, 20, or 24 hours after MCA feeding and the pituitary gland was removed for assay of prolactin. A single feeding of 10 mg MCA resulted in an initial lowering of pituitary prolactin, which was followed by a rebound to the control level within 24 hours post feeding. Maximum prolactin depletion (58%) was evident at approximately 16 hours post feeding. Pituitary prolactin content of rats receiving 30 mg MCA was 38 percent below the control level 24 hours after feeding the carcinogen. Estrogen-primed rats treated daily with 10 mg MCA for 5 days showed mammary gland hyperplasia of the lactational type, while those treated with sesame oil showed varying degrees of mammary involution. These data suggest that MCA effects release of pituitary prolactin, and that MCA may not only induce neoplastic change but may also provide a hormonal state conducive to tumor growth.
The PI3K/AKT pathway in renal (clear cell) carcinoma via meta-analysis of expression microarrays
Authors: N. J. Mackler, M. Bhandari, B. Redman, D. Rhodes, A. Chinnaiyan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

4537 Background: Alternations in the PI3K/ AKT signaling pathways frequent human cancers, both in tumor development and in resistance to treatment. Expression microarray profiling is a new technology which has identified signatures of human cancers for diagnosis and prognosis. We hypothesized that meta-analysis of expression microarrays may allow one level of dissecting the PI3K/AKT pathway in renal clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC), where studies have reported its pathogenic role. Methods: We analyzed via a data mining tool ONCOMINE (www.oncomine.com) the dataset from five renal & multi-cancer microarrays published in the literature. 123 untreated ccRCC patient tissue samples were compared to 87 benign renal tissue expression profiles. Differential expression analysis was done utilizing t-statistics and corrected using false recovery rates to obtain an adjusted p value; a (0.05) level was accepted as a threshold for significance for differential expression. Results: Significant expression alterations in PI3K/AKT pathway members were noted: over-expression of EGFR (83% of samples, 8.4x over-expression; p=0.003), but not erbB2, erbB3, IGF1R or IGF2R (p= 0.23, 0.87, 0.78, 0.85 respectively); up regulation of PIK3 (p110) γ isoform 76% (3.2x, p=0.0007) but not the p110 α or β isoforms. AKT1 was up regulated 59% (2.8x, p=0.01) but not AKT2 or AKT3. Tumor suppressor PTEN was down regulated 62% (3.3x, p =0.019). Effectors downstream that were differentially expressed include underexpression of pro-apoptotic BAD 66% (3.4x, p= 0.04) and Forkhead member FKHR 29% (7.5x, p=0.04) while increased β-catenin 49% (2.8x, p=0.0002), but no change in IKK-β/ε/δ, Mdm2, GSK3a/b, p27 or mTOR (p≥ 0.1). Conclusions: Meta-analysis of expression microarrays reveals signature alternations in the PI3K/AKT pathway. Frequent over-expression of EGFR, PI3K, AKT1 & β-catenin and down regulation of PTEN, BAD, Forkhead was significant. Though the data cannot analyze activation/functional state, they provide hypothesis for tumorigenesis and in the selection of potential therapeutic targets. Meta-analysis of expression microarray data utilizing ONCOMINE may be a novel methodology in dissecting cancer pathways in various tumors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Increase by Deoxycholic Acid of the Colonic Nuclear Damage Induced by Known Carcinogens in C57BL/6J Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: K Suzuki, W R Bruce
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Journal Article Increase by Deoxycholic Acid of the Colonic Nuclear Damage Induced by Known Carcinogens in C57BL/6J Mice Get access Kunio Suzuki, Kunio Suzuki Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. Robert Bruce W. Robert Bruce 4 4Address reprint requests to Dr. Bruce. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 76, Issue 6, June 1986, Pages 1129–1132, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/76.6.1129 Published: 01 June 1986 Article history Received: 08 May 1985 Accepted: 21 January 1986 Published: 01 June 1986
Characterization of the Shape and Location of Perfusion Defects in Certain Pulmonary Diseases
Authors: Kattadiyil Poulose, Richard C. Reba, Henry N. Wagner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Abnormal lung scans obtained from patients with pulmonary embolism, pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and carcinoma of the lung were analyzed in an attempt to classify the location and types of perfusion defects. Peripheral concave defects were most common in pulmonary embolism (72 per cent of cases), and a diffuse type of defect was common in pulmonary tuberculosis (92 per cent) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (77 per cent). Areas of complete absence of perfusion were seen in 92 per cent of patients with carcinoma of the lung. Although concave defects were seen in pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, they were only half as frequent as in pulmonary embolism.
Protease inhibition as new therapeutic strategy for GI diseases
Authors: Nathalie Vergnolle
Journal: Gut (2016)

The GI tract is the most exposed organ to proteases, both in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. For digestive purposes, the lumen of the upper GI tract contains large amounts of pancreatic proteases, but studies have also demonstrated increased proteolytic activity into mucosal tissues (both in the upper and lower GI tract), associated with pathological conditions. This review aims at outlining the evidences for dysregulated proteolytic homeostasis in GI diseases and the pathogenic mechanisms of increased proteolytic activity. The therapeutic potential of protease inhibition in GI diseases is discussed, with a particular focus on IBDs, functional GI disorders and colorectal cancer.
NRF2 activation by antioxidant antidiabetic agents accelerates tumor metastasis
Authors: Hui Wang, Xiufei Liu, Min Long, Yi Huang, Linlin Zhang, Rui Zhang, Yi Zheng, Xiaoyu Liao, Yuren Wang, Qian Liao, Wenjie Li, Zili Tang, Qiang Tong, Xiaocui Wang, Fang Fang, Montserrat Rojo de la Vega, Qin Ouyang, Donna D. Zhang, Shicang Yu, Hongting Zheng
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2016)

Cancer is a common comorbidity of diabetic patients; however, little is known about the effects that antidiabetic drugs have on tumors. We discovered that common classes of drugs used in type 2 diabetes mellitus, the hypoglycemic dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) saxagliptin and sitagliptin, as well as the antineuropathic α-lipoic acid (ALA), do not increase tumor incidence but increase the risk of metastasis of existing tumors. Specifically, these drugs induce prolonged activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-mediated antioxidant response through inhibition of KEAP1-C151-dependent ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of NRF2, resulting in up-regulated expression of metastasis-associated proteins, increased cancer cell migration, and promotion of metastasis in xenograft mouse models. Accordingly, knockdown of NRF2 attenuated naturally occurring and DPP-4i-induced tumor metastasis, whereas NRF2 activation accelerated metastasis. Furthermore, in human liver cancer tissue samples, increased NRF2 expression correlated with metastasis. Our findings suggest that antioxidants that activate NRF2 signaling may need to be administered with caution in cancer patients, such as diabetic patients with cancer. Moreover, NRF2 may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for tumor metastasis.
Case 15-1992
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, G.T. Griffing, J.H. Eichhorn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Presentation or CaseA 23-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of the acute onset of abdominal pain.The patient was in excellent health until the morning of admission, when she was awakened from sleep in the early hours by a severe, constant pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant that radiated to the right trapezius muscle. She was admitted to the hospital.The patient was a native of a Middle Eastern country and a student at a college. There was a history of rheumatic fever at the age of 10 years, without sequelae. The patient smoked one pack . . .
Combination therapy with temozolomide and bevacizumab in the treatment of hemangiopericytoma/malignant solitary fibrous tumor
Authors: M. S. Park, S. R. Patel, J. A. Ludwig, J. C. Trent, C. A. Conrad, A. J. Lazar, H. Choi, R. S. Benjamin, D. M. Araujo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

10512 Background: Tumors comprising the histologic spectrum of hemangiopericytoma (HPC)/solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) are rare with poor prognosis in the metastatic setting and little is known about optimal therapy. Temozolomide has demonstrated activity against soft tissue sarcomas but its clinical benefit has not been studied in conjunction with an antiangiogenic agent such as bevacizumab in HPC/SFT. Methods: We analyzed 14 patients who were referred to our institution for treatment of histopathologically confirmed HPC/SFT neoplasms from May 2005 to June 2007. All were treated with temozolomide 150 mg/m2 orally on days 1–7 and days 15–21 and bevacizumab 5 mg/kg intravenously on days 8 and 22, repeated at 28-day intervals. Computer tomographic assessment of tumor size and radiodensity (Choi criteria) were used to determine best response to therapy. Descriptive statistics were performed from the data obtained. Results: We identified 14 patients with HPC/SFT (M:F = 9:5; mean age 59.5 yrs [44–75]). Primary tumor sites included dura (n=6), lung (n=3), pelvis (n=3), abdomen (n=1), and gluteal region (n=1). Five of the 8 primary non-dural tumors showed histologic features of more aggressive or malignant potential. All had measurable disease and 8 patients had metastatic disease at the time of initiation of therapy. Twelve patients had received prior treatment: 10 had prior surgery (mean number = 2.5), 7 had prior radiation therapy, and 5 had prior chemotherapy (mean number of regimens = 3). The median number of cycles of temozolomide and bevacizumab administered was 6.5 (2.5–20.5), with 3 patients still undergoing therapy. Grade 3 to 4 adverse events included neutropenia (n=1) and thrombocytopenia (n=2). There were no regimen-related deaths. Best response assessment using Choi criteria showed that 11/14 (79%) achieved partial response (PR), 2/14 (14%) achieved stable disease (SD), while 1/14 (7%) developed progression of disease (PD). Seven patients have progressed to date; their median progression-free interval was 6.3 (4.0–10.3) months. Conclusions: Combination therapy with temozolomide and bevacizumab is a well-tolerated and clinically beneficial regimen for the HPC/SFT spectrum of tumors and is deserving of a formal phase II trial. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Schering
Targeting Glycolysis and Compensatory Mitochondrial Metabolism In An In Vivo Xenograft Model Of Multiple Myeloma With FDA Approved Ritonavir and Metformin
Authors: Sevim Dalva-Aydemir, Kehinde U.A. Adekola, Jennifer Koblinski, Noopur Raje, Steven T. Rosen, Frcpa
Journal: Blood (2013)
RARE-14PACLITAXEL IN THE TREATMENT OF PRIMARY MENINGEAL ANGIOSARCOMA
Authors: Isaac Melguizo-Gavilanes, Esteban Jaramillo-Jiménez, George J. Snipes
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Primary angiosarcoma of the central nervous system (PACNS) is an extremely rare malignancy. The meninges represent an uncommon site of origin of PACNS. This report describes a recurrent meningeal PACNS treated with paclitaxel in an effort to raise awareness and suggest treatment options for this rare entity. A 36-year-old man presented to our facility with a 4-month history of worsening headaches and complete right homonymous hemianopia. Neuroimaging revealed a left occipital lobe hematoma with an underlying left tentorial tumor. After maximal resection, neuropathological examination revealed features of a malignant endothelial cell angiosarcoma. Of note, two years prior to presentation he had an acute intraparenchymal hemorrhage in the same location without clear etiology. Patient received adjuvant conformal radiation therapy (6040 cGy in 33 fractions) but experienced progression by imaging in less than a year. He subsequently received stereotactic radiosurgery followed by weekly paclitaxel (90mg/m2) day 1, 8 and 15 in 4-weeks cycle based on literature suggesting activity of this regimen in advanced angiosarcomas. He is tolerating treatment with stable disease for at least 6 months and retains a good performance status. This case of a meningeal PACNS highlights the importance of recognizing this entity in the setting of hemorrhagic lesions of the CNS. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the usefulness of paclitaxel in the treatment of this rare malignancy. This case will be updated at the time of the meeting.