tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dexrazoxane Does Not Negatively Impact Survival Outcomes in Children and Young Adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Authors: Nathan J. Schloemer, Molly M. Brickler, Vanessa C. McFadden, Yumei Cao, Raymond G. Hoffmann, Joseph R. Block, Richard L. Tower, Michael J. Burke
Journal: Blood (2015)
Mapping Phylogenetic Trees to Reveal Distinct Patterns of Evolution
Authors: Michelle Kendall, Caroline Colijn
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2016)

Phylogenetic trees are a central tool in understanding evolution. They are typically inferred from sequence data, and capture evolutionary relationships through time. It is essential to be able to compare trees from different data sources (e.g. several genes from the same organisms) and different inference methods. We propose a new metric for robust, quantitative comparison of rooted, labeled trees. It enables clear visualizations of tree space, gives meaningful comparisons between trees, and can detect distinct islands of tree topologies in posterior distributions of trees. This makes it possible to select well-supported summary trees. We demonstrate our approach on Dengue fever phylogenies.
Promising Outcome of Imatinib-Combined Chemotherapy Followed by Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results of the Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group (JALSG) Ph+ALL202 Regimen.
Authors: Yoshihiro Hatta, Shuichi Mizuta, Shigeki Ohtake, Isamu Sugiura, Yasunori Ueda, Heiwa Kanamori, Hideki Akiyama, Makoto Takeuchi, Noriko Usui, Toshiaki Yujiri, Atsushi Fujieda, Toru Kiguchi, Itsuro Jinnai, Tomoki Naoe, Ryuzo Ohno
Journal: Blood (2009)
Factors that increase risk of persistent pain after breast cancer surgery are identified
Authors: Barbara Kermode-Scott
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The biggest risk factor for persistent pain after breast cancer surgery is node removal, a study has found. Younger age, radiography, and greater acute postoperative pain and preoperative pain were also associated with persistent pain.1

Some 25-60% of patients who have surgery for breast cancer experience persistent post-surgical pain, which is linked to reduced quality of life and functional impairment.

For the study, researchers from Brazil, Canada, China, Ireland, Spain, and …
Acute intestinal ischaemia.
Authors: E Bakos, M Osuský, J Korcek, M Bakos
Journal: BMJ (1991)

In spite of introduction modern diagnostics and therapeutics modalities in clinical practice diagnostics of acute intestinal ischaemia is very difficult. Acute intestinal ischaemia is rare cause of acute abdominal dissease but results of surgical treatment and prognosis of the patients with acute intestinal ischaemia is very poor. The aim of study is occurence, diagnostics and therapeutics possibilities of acute intestinal ischaemia, because tretament of acute intestinal ischaemia have high rate of mortality. Authors claiming on own small set of patients that in diagnostics of acute abdominal pain everything in once mind on acute intestinal ischaemia.
Case 31-1965
Authors: Gerald S. Foster, Wallace A. Jones
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

Presentation of CaseA twelve-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal swelling.She had been well until one month previously, when a nontender swelling developed at the angle of the jaw on the right side. Tetracycline and penicillin, which were given for one week, were without effect. Nine days before admission she vomited once and complained of fatigue. Three days later there was a transient episode of cramps in the lower portion of the abdomen, and on the following morning the abdomen was distended.The menarche had occurred three months earlier. She had had mild asthma and . . .
Parkinsonism in neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients
Authors: M P Caligiuri, J B Lohr, D V Jeste
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

Previous studies in schizophrenia have identified abnormalities involving the basal ganglia, but the contribution of neuroleptics to the motor system abnormalities in schizophrenia is usually a confounding factor. This study addressed the issue of whether parkinsonism, a reflection of dopaminergic hypofunction, occurs in schizophrenia per se.Clinical ratings and quantitative instrumental measures of parkinsonian rigidity, tremor, and bradykinesia were obtained in 24 neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients and 24 age- and gender-matched comparison subjects.According to the clinical ratings, 21% of the schizophrenic patients had rigidity and 12% had bradykinesia, in contrast to none of the normal comparison subjects. With the use of instrumental measures, rigidity and tremor were observed in 29% and 37%, respectively, of the schizophrenic patients, compared to 4% and none in the normal comparison group. The schizophrenic patients also exhibited greater right-side than left-side parkinsonism.The findings suggest that extrapyramidal motor signs may be part of schizophrenia proper and that some patients with schizophrenia have left striatal hypodopaminergia unrelated to neuroleptic treatment.
Improved Outcomes with Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Aplastic Anaemia Using HLA Identical Sibling Donors: The Indian Stem Cell Transplant Registry (ISCTR) Experience
Authors: Biju George, Manoranjan Mahapatra, Pravas Mishra, Shashikant Apte, Sharat Damodar, Navin Khattry, Dharma Choudhary, Jose Easow, Revathi Raj, Tulika Seth, Soniya Nityanand, Pankaj Malhotra, Dinesh Bhurani, Ashish Dixit, Ajay Sharma, Anupam Chakrapani, Sameer Ramesh Melinkeri, Joseph M John, Sunil Bhat, Neeraj Sidharthan, Bhausaheb Bagal, Aby Abraham, Ramesh Nimmagadda, T Raja, Abhijeet Ganapule, V Lakshmanan, Fouzia Nambiathayil Abubacker, Anu Korula, Satyaranjan Das, Sanjeevan Sharma, Kannan Subramaniam, Rayaz Ahmed, Narendra Agarwal, Alka Khadwal, Gaurav Prakash, Amit Rauthan, Chirag Shah, Uday Deotare, Sanjeev Kumar Sharma, Seema S. Bhatwadekar, Chandran K Nair, Kavitha Lakshmi, Velu Nair, Mammen Chandy, Alok Srivastava, Vikram Mathews
Journal: Blood (2015)
Laparoscopic Findings of Fatty Liver using Multiple Regression Analysis
Authors: Y Inui, S Kawata, S Tarui
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

Laparoscopic features of fatty liver including the cases with fibrotic change were studied by multiple regression analysis. The coloration of the liver surface under laparoscopy was classified into three types: "spotty" yellow color (YC) type, "diffuse" YC type, and without YC type. The presence of YC on the liver surface depended on the amount of deposited lipid (standardized estimate = 0.606, p = 0.0001). However, the presence of YC and whether it appeared "spotty" or "diffuse" was independent of the intralobular distribution and size of the deposited lipid droplets. When YC was observed in cases without fibrotic change, 19 of the 23 with more than 30 % lipid droplets in the biopsy specimens had "spotty" YC. When YC was found in cases with fibrotic change, all of the 14 cases with more than 30 % lipid droplets were "diffuse" YC. A linear regression model showed that the yellow colored liver with fibrotic change had a "diffuse" appearance (yes = l, no = 0) standardized estimate = 0.569, p = 0.0009). These data suggested that the amount of lipid deposited was responsible for the presence of YC on the liver surface both with and without fibrotic change, and that the co-existence of fibrotic change was a major factor for giving the yellow colored liver a "diffuse" appearance.
Case 22-1967
Authors: William V. McDermott, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

Presentation of Case First admission. A thirty-eight-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a mass in the abdomen.She had been well until one year previously, when she began to be easily fatigued, but with no specific symptoms. Three months before admission malaise, fever, a sore throat and an aching pain in the left flank developed. Her physician prescribed a cough medicine of unknown type; she took no other medication. Three weeks before entry dextroamphetamine and amobarbital (Dexamyl) were administered. A diet was prescribed, and she lost 15 pounds in weight. There was no nausea, vomiting or . . .
Stratégie de l’OMS-Europe pour éliminer la rougeole et la rubéole congénitale
Authors: F X Hanon, J. Spika John, S. Wassilak Steven, N Emiroglu
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2003)

La strategie de l'OMS pour eliminer la rougeole en Europe repose sur le renforcement des programmes de surveillance et de vaccination en collaboration avec des reseaux specifiques europeens (EUVAC.NET et CCEE-Baltic) et les Etats membres.
MultiOmyxTM: A Novel Chemistry and Visualization Tools To Aid Resolution Of Discrepant Hodgkin Lymphoma Cases- A Single Slide Multiplex Assay For The Evaluation Of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Alisha Adams, Alexander Bordwell, Derek Bouman, Deanna Fisher, Denise Hollman, Michael Lazare, Emily Zebadua, Bobby Baravati, Pinky Tripathi, Michelle Li, Alexander S. Ross, Lawrence Weiss
Journal: Blood (2013)
Case 24-1976
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Robert W. Carey, James J. Galdabini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Presentation of CaseA 25-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a left pleural effusion.He was well until 26 months earlier, when he began to experience easy bruising and increased fatigability. Six months thereafter purpuric lesions developed, and one month later he came to this hospital, where a diagnosis of chronic myelocytic leukemia was made. Cultured bone-marrow cells contained 46 chromosomes; a Philadelphia chromosome was present. Busulfan and allopurinol were prescribed. Eleven months before admission splenectomy was performed because of thrombocytopenia.He was then well until six weeks before admission, when he began to have left pleuritic . . .
Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) and consolidation thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) for extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC): A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Yu Yang Soon, Wee Yao Koh, Cheng Nang Leong, Ivan Weng Keong Tham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

7568 Background: The role of PCI and TRT in ES-SCLC is controversial. We performed a systematic review of all comparative studies to investigate the benefits and harms of PCI and TRT in ES-SCLC. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL from date of inception and various conference proceedings from 2009 to November 2014 for eligible studies. The primary outcome is overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes include progression-free survival (PFS), freedom from brain metastasis and toxicity. The Cochrane risk of bias instrument was used to assess the risk of methodological bias and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the quality of evidence. Hazard ratios (HR), confidence intervals (CI), p values (p) was estimated with random effects models using Revman 5.3. Results: We found 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 3 non-RCTs, including 2192 patients comparing PCI versus no PCI; 4 RCTs and 1 non-RCT including 782 patients comparing TRT versus no TRT. The risk of methodological bias was low for 2 RCTs evaluating PCI and 2 RCTs evaluating TRT. Meta-analysis of these low risk bias RCTs showed that PCI decreased the risk of brain metastasis development (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.60, p < 0.001, high quality evidence) but did not improve OS (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.91, p = 0.89) or PFS (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.32, p = 0.62) (moderate quality of evidence). There was high quality evidence that TRT improved OS (HR 0.82, 95%CI 0.69 to 0.97, p = 0.02) and PFS (HR 0.76, 95%CI 0.64 to 0.89, p < 0.001). The incidence of grade 3-4 toxicities of PCI and TRT ranged from 1 to 20%. Conclusions: There was high quality evidence that PCI reduced the risk of brain metastasis development and TRT improved survival in ES- SCLC. Toxicity rates were variable and are probably related to dose and treated volume effects.
Efficacy and Safety of Midostaurin in Advanced Systemic Mastocytosis
Authors: Jason Gotlib, Hanneke C. Kluin-Nelemans, Tracy I. George, Cem Akin, Karl Sotlar, Olivier Hermine, Farrukh T. Awan, Elizabeth Hexner, Michael J. Mauro, David W. Sternberg, Matthieu Villeneuve, Alice Huntsman Labed, Eric J. Stanek, Karin Hartmann, Hans-Peter Horny, Peter Valent, Andreas Reiter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

Advanced systemic mastocytosis comprises rare hematologic neoplasms that are associated with a poor prognosis and lack effective treatment options. The multikinase inhibitor midostaurin inhibits KIT D816V, a primary driver of disease pathogenesis. We conducted an open-label study of oral midostaurin at a dose of 100 mg twice daily in 116 patients, of whom 89 with mastocytosis-related organ damage were eligible for inclusion in the primary efficacy population; 16 had aggressive systemic mastocytosis, 57 had systemic mastocytosis with an associated hematologic neoplasm, and 16 had mast-cell leukemia. The primary outcome was the best overall response. The overall response rate was 60% (95% confidence interval [CI], 49 to 70); 45% of the patients had a major response, which was defined as complete resolution of at least one type of mastocytosis-related organ damage. Response rates were similar regardless of the subtype of advanced systemic mastocytosis, KIT mutation status, or exposure to previous therapy. The median best percentage changes in bone marrow mast-cell burden and serum tryptase level were -59% and -58%, respectively. The median overall survival was 28.7 months, and the median progression-free survival was 14.1 months. Among the 16 patients with mast-cell leukemia, the median overall survival was 9.4 months (95% CI, 7.5 to not estimated). Dose reduction owing to toxic effects occurred in 56% of the patients; re-escalation to the starting dose was feasible in 32% of those patients. The most frequent adverse events were low-grade nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. New or worsening grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia occurred in 24%, 41%, and 29% of the patients, respectively, mostly in those with preexisting cytopenias. In this open-label study, midostaurin showed efficacy in patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis, including the highly fatal variant mast-cell leukemia. (Funded by Novartis Pharmaceuticals and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00782067.).
Vital Signs: Motor Vehicle Injury Prevention — United States and 19 Comparison Countries
Authors: Erin K. Sauber-Schatz, David J. Ederer, Ann M. Dellinger, Grant T. Baldwin
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

Each year >32,000 deaths and 2 million nonfatal injuries occur on U.S. roads.CDC analyzed 2000 and 2013 data compiled by the World Health Organization and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to determine the number and rate of motor vehicle crash deaths in the United States and 19 other high-income OECD countries and analyzed estimated seat belt use and the percentage of deaths that involved alcohol-impaired driving or speeding, by country.In 2013, the United States motor vehicle crash death rate of 10.3 per 100,000 population had decreased 31% from the rate in 2000; among the 19 comparison countries, the rate had declined an average of 56% during this time. Among all 20 countries, the United States had the highest rate of crash deaths per 100,000 population (10.3); the highest rate of crash deaths per 10,000 registered vehicles (1.24), and the fifth highest rate of motor vehicle crash deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled (1.10). Among countries for which information on national seat belt use was available, the United States ranked 18th out of 20 for front seat use, and 13th out of 18 for rear seat use. Among 19 countries, the United States reported the second highest percentage of motor vehicle crash deaths involving alcohol-impaired driving (31%), and among 15, had the eighth highest percentage of crash deaths that involved speeding (29%).Motor vehicle injuries are predictable and preventable. Lower death rates in other high-income countries, as well as a high prevalence of risk factors in the United States, suggest that the United States can make more progress in reducing crash deaths. With a projected increase in U.S. crash deaths in 2015, the time is right to reassess U.S. progress and set new goals. By implementing effective strategies, including those that increase seat belt use and reduce alcohol-impaired driving and speeding, the United States can prevent thousands of motor vehicle crash-related injuries and deaths and hundreds of millions of dollars in direct medical costs every year.
Response to: ‘Why screening tests to predict injury do not work—and probably never will…: a critical review’
Authors: Timothy E Hewett
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

We read with interest the paper by Roald Bahr.1 The purpose was to invalidate athlete screening. However, in multiple publications, Dr Bahr has extolled the virtues of screening. In 2005, he stated valgus loading predicted ACL injury in a group of 205 female athletes participating in soccer, basketball and volleyball.2 He went on to state ‘prevention programmes that specifically target the high-risk landing mechanics are much more likely to be effective,’ and concluded that, ‘if we are …
The Effect of Ethanol on the Neuronal Subserving of Behavior in the Hippocampus
Authors: Ю.И. Александров, Ю.В. Гринченко, Д.Г. Шевченко, Р.Г. Аверкин, V.N. Matz, L. Seppo, S. Mikko
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)
Voriconazole exposure regulates distinct cell-cycle and terminal differentiation pathways in primary human keratinocytes
Authors: M. Mansh, L. Ing, M. Dimon, A. Celli, T.M. Mauro, S.T. Arron
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Abstract Voriconazole is a second generation triazole antifungal used routinely in the care of solid organ and stem cell transplant recipients to both prevent and treat invasive fungal infections (1) . Voriconazole causes photosensitivity (2) and has been associated with a dose-dependent increased risk of developing cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC).(3) Possible mechanisms suggested include direct phototoxicity by voriconazole or one of its metabolites (4) , oxidative stress pathway activation (5) , an indirect retinoid effect, or DNA damage repair inhibition (6) . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Asthma patients in England with easier access to primary care have fewer hospital admissions
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2016)

General practices with higher patient reported access to appointments or telephone advice have lower rates of emergency hospital admissions for asthma, a study has shown.1

Researchers analysed data from 7806 practices in England covering 2010-11, looking at associations between emergency admissions for asthma and patients’ self reported access to general practice services. They took data from the GP Patient Survey, which sampled …
Effect of Repeated Brief Stress on Growth of Ehrlich Carcinoma in the Mouse2
Authors: James T. Marsh, Bryce E. Miller, Baldwin G. Lamson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1959)

These investigations were directed to the development of stressor systems for the production and maintenance of emotional disturbance in mice, and the application of these stressors to mice, in order to explore their effect on the growth rate of malignancies. In a series of 8 experiments, mice with subcutaneous Ehrlich tumor transplants were subjected to stress either by an avoidance shuttlebox or by confinement. In 5 of the 8 experiments significantly smaller tumors were found in stressed animals as compared to their controls. Two of the remaining 3 experiments yielded nonsignificant results in the same direction, and 1 showed a significant increase in the size of tumors. Exposure to shuttlebox or confinement stress tends to inhibit the growth of Ehrlich tumors in mice, and it is suggested that stress represents a variable to be considered in cancer research. Stress also offers an additional context for the exploration of tumor-host interrelationships.
Ebola Virus Disease — Sierra Leone and Guinea, August 2015
Authors: Sara Hersey, Lise D. Martel, Amara Jambai, Sakoba Keita, Zabulon Yoti, Erika Meyer, Sara Seeman, Sarah Bennett, Jeffrey Ratto, Oliver Morgan, Mame Afua Akyeampong, Schabbethai Sainvil, Mary Claire Worrell, David Fitter, Kathryn E. Arnold
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015)

The Ebola virus disease (Ebola) outbreak in West Africa began in late 2013 in Guinea (1) and spread unchecked during early 2014. By mid-2014, it had become the first Ebola epidemic ever documented. Transmission was occurring in multiple districts of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, and for the first time, in capital cities (2). On August 8, 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (3). Ministries of Health, with assistance from multinational collaborators, have reduced Ebola transmission, and the number of cases is now declining. While Liberia has not reported a case since July 12, 2015, transmission has continued in Guinea and Sierra Leone, although the numbers of cases reported are at the lowest point in a year. In August 2015, Guinea and Sierra Leone reported 10 and four confirmed cases, respectively, compared with a peak of 526 (Guinea) and 1,997 (Sierra Leone) in November 2014. This report details the current situation in Guinea and Sierra Leone, outlines strategies to interrupt transmission, and highlights the need to maintain public health response capacity and vigilance for new cases at this critical time to end the outbreak.
Diagnostic reproducibility of squamous cell carcinoma (SC) in the era of histology-directed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) chemotherapy: A large prospective study
Authors: J. E. Grilley-Olson, D. N. Hayes, B. F. Qaqish, D. T. Moore, M. A. Socinski, X. Yin, M. D. Wilkerson, K. O. Leslie, W. D. Travis, W. K. Funkhouser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

8008 Background: Morphology remains the best biomarker for chemotherapy selection in NSCLC. Both bevacizumab and pemetrexed (in first line) are FDA indicated for non-SC histology only, making precise diagnosis key, although data are few on the reproducibility of their categorization. The standard of care, consensus-based World Health Organization diagnostic classification system, Ed. 4 (WHOC) includes 44 diagnostic categories (DC), does not include immunohistochemical (IHC) data, and is not independently validated. In this study, we estimate the reproducibility of SC versus non-SC classification to be only moderately precise. Methods: Pathologists (P) assigned WHOC diagnoses to virtual H&amp;E slides from an incident surgical cohort of 96 primary lung tumors. At a power of 80% we estimated 24 P reviewing 48 slides each would allow for a reproducibility measure in the clinically useful range kappa=0.7, standard error=0.09. In addition to the 44 DC, we also considered the reproducibility of a simplified 10 category system and a chemotherapy-directed 2 class system. Results: 12 self-identified “lung experts” (E) and 12 community (C) P scored slides based on the 44 possible WHOC DC totaling 222 pathologist-pairs and 7130 slides-pairs. P rated confidence in their choices as: high 53%, somewhat 38%, and not confident 8%. 92% of slides were rated as having sufficient quality. Distribution of DC included SC 30% and adenocarcinoma 36%. Conclusions: To our knowledge this is the largest study ever performed of the WHOC, the only one to consider all 44 DC and to distinguish E vs C P. Although this model tests the reproducibility of the WHOC, not clinical lung cancer diagnoses, it shows that reproducible diagnosis of SC based on H&amp;E morphology alone is inadequate. In the era of histology guided therapy, it highlights the need for strict diagnostic criteria and confirmatory IHC stains in the diagnosis of SC. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.