tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Splenectomy for Acquired Hemolytic Jaundice in the Aged
Authors: David F. James, Lloyd R. Evans
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

A PATIENT who develops severe hemolytic anemia at the age of seventy and has no past history of this disease presents complex problems in diagnosis and treatment. The age of onset is late for the diagnosis of congenital hemolytic jaundice and, regardless of the diagnosis, the question arises whether splenectomy is advisable at this age. Furthermore, increased fragility of the erythrocytes may be overlooked when the routine test for fragility is done on blood samples showing marked anemia. These problems were met in a seventy-year-old woman in whom splenectomy was performed with recovery. The literature was reviewed to determine the . . .
Abstract 1250: Role of mitochondria elongation in p53-induced cellular senescence
Authors: Young Yeon Kim, Hye Jin Jee, Na Young Jeong, Jeanho Yun
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Various stresses such as oncogene activation, oxidative stress, and activation of tumor suppressors induce cellular senescence in both normal and cancer cells. This phenomenon, termed premature senescence or accelerated senescence, acts as an important barrier against tumorigenesis and is also considered to be a potential mechanism for controlling human cancers. Although mitochondria has been implicated in cancer, but the exact role of mitochondria in premature senescence has not been fully determined. Here, we studied how morphological and functional change in mitochondria involves in the onset of p53-induced premature senescence. Upon p53 expression in p53-defective cancer cells, extensive elongation of mitochondria network and functional defects in mitochondria were detected. Antioxidant NAC treatment indicates that mitochondria elongation induces increase the level of ROS, which is an important mediator for cellular senescence. Our results suggest that morphology change and subsequent dysfunction of mitochondria play a critical role in p53-induced premature senescence. Citation Format: Young Yeon Kim, Hye Jin Jee, Na Young Jeong, Jeanho Yun. Role of mitochondria elongation in p53-induced cellular senescence. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1250. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1250
Association of ERCC1 protein expression to platinum resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: K. D. Steffensen, M. Waldstrøm, A. Jakobsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

5530 Background: Although platinum-based chemotherapy remains the cornerstone for treatment of ovarian cancer, some patients are resistant to the treatment and will therefore not benefit from the standard platinum-based chemotherapy. Preclinical and clinical data have suggested a potential use of ERCC1 (excision repair cross-complementation group 1 enzyme) as a molecular predictor of clinical resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. ERCC1 is a key enzyme in the nucleotide excision repair pathway which is involved in the DNA repair mechanisms in tumor cells. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate if immunohistochemical expression of ERCC1 protein was associated with resistance to standard combination carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy in newly diagnosed ovarian cancer patients. Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 101 patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer were used for immunohistochemical staining for the ERCC1 protein. The percentage of positive tumor cells in each slide were scored as 0 if 0 % of the tumor cells were positive, 0.1 if 1 %-9 %; 0.5 if 10 %-49 %; and 1.0 if 50 % or more were positive. A semi quantitative H-score was calculated by multiplying the staining intensity (0–3) with the percentage score. The tumor was considered positive when the H-score was &gt; 1.0. All patients received carboplatin-paclitaxel combination chemotherapy. Results: ERCC1 protein overexpression was found in 13.9 % of the tumors. Platinum resistance were found in 75 % of the tumors with positive ERCC1 protein expression compared to 27 % among the patients with negative tumor staining for ERCC1 (p = 0.0013). These findings translated into a significant difference in progression free survival in both univariate (p = 0.0012) and in multivariate analysis (p = 0.006). Conclusions: The data presented suggests a positive association between positive ERCC1 protein expression and clinical resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
102P: Ablative robotic radiosurgery for inoperable patients with stage IA–IB non small cell lung cancer
Authors: I. Bossi Zanetti, P. Scanagatta, L.C. Bianchi, A. Bergantin, A.S. Martinotti, I. Redaelli, F. Ria, A. Vai, M. Invernizzi, G. Beltramo
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)
Autoantibodies in Malignant Lymphoma of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Yoshihide Fujimoto, Hidero Suzuki, Karou Abe, John R. Brooks
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE discovery of autoimmune thyroiditis by Witebsky and Rose1 and Roitt and Doniach2 has been confirmed by others3 , 4 and has established the thyroid gland as one of the commonest sites for the development of autoimmunization.Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and other immunologic disturbances are often associated with neoplastic disorders of the lymphoid system such as lymphosarcoma. It has not previously been known that a malignant lymphoma localized in the thyroid gland can produce thyroid autoantibodies.This report reviews the clinical and laboratory data of 6 patients with malignant lymphoma of the thyroid gland and discusses the mechanisms of production and maintenance . . .
Renal Arteriography, Separate Renal-Function Studies and Renal Biopsy in Human Hypertension
Authors: Victor Vertes, James A. Grauel, Harry Goldblatt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE production of experimental renal hypertension in animals, as a result of renal ischemia produced by constriction of one or both main renal arteries,1 has led to the recognition that in human beings, too, hypertension may result from ischemia of one or both kidneys, from any cause. In animals the blood pressure returns to normal as a result of the release of both constricting clamps, if the ischemia is bilateral, or as a result of the release of the clamp, or excision of the kidney, if only one main renal artery has been constricted, provided the other kidney is normal. . . .
Getting to the “Heart” of the Matter on Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease: “Thanks for the Memory”
Authors: William T. Cefalu, Julio Rosenstock, Derek LeRoith, Lawrence Blonde, Matthew C. Riddle
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

Despite improved understanding of the pathogenesis of diabetes and the release of impressive new medications to control the condition, there remains a significant global diabetes burden. The latest International Diabetes Federation estimates indicate that 415 million (1 in 11 persons) have diabetes, and this will increase to 642 million or almost 10% of the general population by 2040 (1). Indeed, there are great individual, societal, and economic costs associated with diabetes. These costs clearly relate to the microvascular complications, which include retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, that have been attenuated by better glycemic control and macrovascular complications that are relatively abated by better lipid and blood pressure control. However, for individuals with diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the main problem. Diabetes and CVD are closely linked, and CVD remains the most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in both men and women with diabetes (2). Specifically, the relative risk for CVD morbidity and mortality in adults with diabetes ranges from 1 to 3 in men and from 2 to 5 in women compared with those without diabetes (3). Given the issues facing individuals with both diabetes and CVD, we urgently need effective evidence-based interventional strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk and improve outcomes.

With the aim of advancing toward this challenging goal, our editorial team is featuring in the present issue of Diabetes Care a collection of articles that may help to clarify the mechanisms linking diabetes to CVD. These articles comment on the control of risk factors and biomarkers for CVD and provide new updates on outcomes of landmark studies. In addition, we have included commentaries on cardiovascular safety of newer diabetes drugs and provide insights on mechanisms of action for cardioprotection observed with some new agents (4–13).

The need to control risk factors for CVD (lipids, blood …
The composition of the dermal-epidermal junction is significantly altered in intrinsically aged skin
Authors: Abigail K Langton, N K Gibbs, M J Sherratt, Christopher Em Griffiths, Rachel Eb Watson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Times Cited: 0 Annual Meeting of the British-Society-of-Investigative-Dermatology Annual Meeting of the British-Society-for-Investigative-Dermatology APR 07-09, 2014 Newcastle, ENGLAND Newcastle Upon Tyne, ENGLAND British Soc Investigat Dermatol 0
Alice Hamilton — 1869–1970
Authors: Joseph J. Elia
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

From time to time the Journal, in its "Doctors Afield" series, publishes historical essays on those who have left the practice of medicine for distinguished service elsewhere. Alice Hamilton, who died on September 22, 1970, in her 102d year, was of another type. She saw no difficulty in maintaining her academic gown while energetically serving the townsfolk outside the walls.Her solitary yet formidable explorations into the occupational hazards of a newly industrialized America and her commitment to the social reform movements of her time remain impressive to us in this era of multidisciplinary approaches and supermultiple authorship. She . . .
National estimates of nonfatal firearm-related injuries. Beyond the tip of the iceberg
Authors: J. L. Annest
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To describe the magnitude and characteristics of nonfatal firearm-related injuries treated in hospital emergency departments in the United States and to compare nonfatal injury rates with firearm-related fatality rates. <h3>Design.</h3> —Data were obtained from medical records for all firearm-related injury cases identified using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) from June 1, 1992, through May 31, 1993. <h3>Setting.</h3> —NEISS comprises 91 hospitals that are a stratified probability sample of all hospitals in the United States and its territories that have at least six beds and provide 24-hour emergency service. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Numbers and population rates for nonfatal and fatal firearm-related injuries. <h3>Results.</h3> —An estimated 99 025 (95% confidence interval [CI], 56 325 to 141 725) persons (or 38.6 per 100000 population; 95% CI, 22.0 to 55.2) were treated for nonfatal firearm-related injuries in US hospital emergency departments during the study period. The rate of nonfatal firearm-related injuries treated was 2.6 (95% CI, 1.5 to 3.7) times the national rate of fatal firearm-related injuries for 1992. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Nonfatal firearm-related injuries contribute substantially to the overall public health burden of firearm-related injuries. NEISS can be useful to monitor the number of nonfatal firearm-related injuries in the United States. A national surveillance system is needed to provide uniform data on firearm-related injury morbidity and mortality for use in research and prevention efforts. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:1749-1754)
Psychosocial aspects of neoplastic disease: I. Functional status of breast cancer patients during different treatment regimens
Authors: P M Silberfarb, L H Maurer, C S Crouthamel
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

The authors studied 146 breast cancer patients representing three different treatment regimens by means of a structured interview, open-ended questions, and a modified Psychiatric Status Schedule. The major findings indicated that physical disability did not necessarily relate to an increase in emotional disturbance. The most emotionally disturbing time was the first recurrence of the breast cancer, and the most common disturbance reported in all three treatment groups was in the area of mate role functioning. In addition, adjuvant radiation therapy was a potent source of distress during primary cancer treatment, and at least one-third of all patients in each category reported needing help with household chores.
Case 16-1980
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Lucian L. Leape, Austin L. Vickery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Presentation of CaseA 12-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal pain.She was well until the age of five years, when she began to have episodes of abdominal pain and vomiting that occurred two or three times a year and subsided spontaneously after one day. The attacks ceased at the age of eight years but recurred two years later.Two months before admission family problems resulted in emotional stress for the patient. The vomiting and abdominal pain became persistent. Her physician found that the hemoglobin was 11.7 g per 100 ml. A barium-enema examination and an . . .
Abstract 708: Short And Long Term Fate of Preconditioned Skeletal Myoblasts in The Infarcted Heart and The Role of IL11 in Cytoprotection of Preconditioned Cells
Authors: Niagara Muhammad Idris, Husnain K Haider, Shujia Jiang, Muhammad Ashraf
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: We have previously reported that preconditioning (PC) of stem cells imparts cytoprotection. We investigated the short and long term beneficial effects of PC on survival of skeletal myoblasts (SkMs) in an infarcted heart and the possible signaling pathways involved therein. Methods & Results: SkMs from male Fischer-344 rats were preconditioned (PCSkMs) with 200μM diazoxide (DZ) for 30 minutes and labeled with nuclear localized lacZ reporter gene before transplantation. Acute myocardial infarction model was developed in female Fischer-344 rats and were grouped to receive 70μl basal medium containing 1.5x106 non-preconditioned SkMs (non-PCSkMs) (group 1) or PCSkMs (group 2). The animals were euthanized at 2, 4 and 7 days time-points to assess donor cell survival and engraftment. Real-time PCR for sry gene showed ~2 fold higher survival of cells in group 2 at 4 and 7 days as compared with group 1. Histochemistry for lacZ expression on rat heart tissue confirmed the higher survival of transplanted ...
A Comparison of Autoimmune Phenomena in Pernicious Anemia and Chronic Atrophic Gastritis
Authors: June Marion Fisher, Keith B. Taylor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THE essential lesion in adult pernicious anemia is a lack of production of intrinsic factor that is invariably associated with chronic atrophic gastritis or gastric atrophy. The gastric lesion, however, is structurally not specific for pernicious anemia; there is good evidence that absorption of vitamin B12 may be within the normal range, or only slightly impaired, in cases in which the gastric lesion is histologically indistinguishable from that seen in pernicious anemia. In such patients, observed for some years, the development of pernicious anemia is uncommon.1 2 3 These findings have suggested a basic qualitative difference between pernicious anemia and atrophic . . .
Case 3-2001
Authors: Richard B. Brown, Stephen K. Lau
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Presentation of CaseA 59-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of right-sided visual loss and oculomotor-nerve palsy.The patient had had type 2 diabetes mellitus for 25 years; during most of those years he had taken insulin. Four years before admission, he had had an acute myocardial infarction, and more recently, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, and schizophrenia had been diagnosed.One week before admission, the patient was admitted to another hospital because of coughing and an inability to open his right eye. The temperature was 38.5°C. There was ptosis of the right upper eyelid, with evidence of . . .
PCSM-04A PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER SINGLE-ARM CLINICAL TRIAL OF BEVACIZUMAB FOR PATIENTS WITH SURGICALLY UNTREATABLE SYMPTOMATIC BRAIN RADIATION NECROSIS
Authors: Motomasa Furuse, Naosuke Nonoguchi, Toshihiko Kuroiwa, Eiji Nakatani, Shoko Kurisu, Yoko Nakagawa, Shin-Ichi Miyatake
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

PURPOSE: Brain radiation necrosis (BRN) is a serious adverse event of radiotherapy especially for malignant brain tumors such as glioma and cancer metastasis, which can deteriorate the quality of life in the patients. Since vascular endothelial growth factor is a forcible vascular permeability factor highly expressed in BRN, bevacizumab is expected be an alternative treatment to reduce its perilesional edema. We performed a prospective, multicenter, single-arm trial involving patients with symptomatic BRN to evaluate the safety and efficacy of bevacizumab. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with surgically untreatable symptomatic BRN refractory to conventional treatments (e.g. corticosteroid, anti-coagulants, or hyperbaric oxygen therapy) were enrolled. We judged that a major cause of perilisional edema was BRN, not tumor recurrence, when lesion/normal brain ratio showed ≤ 1.8 or ≤ 2.5 on 11C-methionine and 18 F-boronophenylalanine positron emission tomography (PET), respectively. 5mg/kg of bevacizumab was administrated 6 cycles biweekly. ≥30% reduction of perilesional edema lasting at least one month was specified as the primary endpoint. RESULTS: Forty-one patients were enrolled in this trial. The primary endpoint was achieved in 30 out of 38 (78.9%) patients at 3.03 months (median) after enrollment. Sixteen patients (42.1%) experienced improvement of Karnofsky performance status. Corticosteroid could be reduced in 29 patients (76.3%). Adverse events with grade ≥3 occurred in 10 patients (24.4%). CONCLUSION: Bevacizumab treatment offers certain clinical benefits for patients with surgically untreatable symptomatic BRN. The determination using amino acid PET, not biopsy, is valid and less invasive for eligibility to administrate bevacizumab.
Mupirocin to Prevent<i>S. aureus</i>Infections
Authors: Barry M. Farr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Infections at surgical sites remain an important cause of illness and death and substantially increase health care costs.1 Prevention is thus important not only for the safety of patients, but also in terms of cost effectiveness. In this issue of the Journal, Perl and colleagues2 report the results of a randomized trial that sought to prevent surgical-site infections due to Staphylococcus aureus. S. aureus is the most frequent cause of surgical-site infections and is more virulent than other frequent causes, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterococci. S. aureus therefore accounts for a large proportion of the morbidity and mortality . . .
Targeted Chemotherapy with Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel (Nab-Paclitaxel) for Metastatic Breast Cancer (Mbc): Which Benefit for Which Patients? a Real World Multicenter Italian Experience on 150 Women
Authors: R. Palumbo, M.E. Cazzaniga, E. Piazza, A. Ferzi, D. Grasso, C. Tondini, M. Danova, E. Tarenzi, F. Sottotetti, F. Villa, A. Gambaro, F. Tosi, C. Fasola, E. Collova, E. Rota Caremoli, P. Poletti, C. Cavalli, M. Torchio, A. Bernardo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
A Randomized Trial of Laparoscopic versus Open Surgery for Rectal Cancer
Authors: David E Kearney, J Calvin Coffey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

BackgroundLaparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer is widely used.However, robust evidence to conclude that laparoscopic surgery and open surgery have similar outcomes in rectal cancer is lacking.A trial was designed to compare 3-year rates of cancer recurrence in the pelvic or perineal area (locoregional recurrence) and survival after laparoscopic and open resection of rectal cancer. MethodsIn this international trial conducted in 30 hospitals, we randomly assigned patients with a solitary adenocarcinoma of the rectum within 15 cm of the anal verge, not invading adjacent tissues, and without distant metastases to undergo either laparoscopic or open surgery in a 2:1 ratio.The primary end point was locoregional recurrence 3 years after the index surgery.Secondary end points included disease-free and overall survival. ResultsA total of 1044 patients were included (699 in the laparoscopic-surgery group and 345 in the open-surgery group).At 3 years, the locoregional recurrence rate was 5.0% in the two groups (difference, 0 percentage points; 90% confidence interval [CI], -2.6 to 2.6).Disease-free survival rates were 74.8% in the laparoscopic-surgery group and 70.8% in the open-surgery group (difference, 4.0 percentage points; 95% CI, -1.9 to 9.9).Overall survival rates were 86.7% in the laparoscopic-surgery group and 83.6% in the open-surgery group (difference, 3.1 percentage points; 95% CI, -1.6 to 7.8). ConclusionsLaparoscopic surgery in patients with rectal cancer was associated with rates of locoregional recurrence and disease-free and overall survival similar to those for open surgery.(Funded by Ethicon Endo-Surgery Europe and others; COLOR II ClinicalTrials.govnumber, NCT00297791.)
Case 10-1995
Authors: C.T. Griffiths, D.D. Koelliker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Presentation of CaseA 56-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal pain, a falling hematocrit, and a pelvic mass.The patient had been well until five days earlier, when there was the onset of pain in the anterior part of the right hemithorax that was aggravated by movement and inspiration, accompanied by mild lower abdominal pain. While getting out of bed she had a brief syncopal episode. On the same day, she saw her physician, who found that the blood pressure was 140/70 mm Hg; there was mild, diffuse tenderness in the lower abdomen. Radiographs of the . . .
Truth-telling to patients with advanced cancer in Japan: A comparison between major centers and local hospitals
Authors: S. Morita, M. Kobayashi, T. Ichihara, A. Nakao, M. Rahman, M. Yamauchi, J. Sakamoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

6067 Background: This study investigated perceptions of Japanese doctors about their practice of truth-telling to patients with advanced cancer. Methods: We carried out semi-structured interviews for 261 medical and surgical physicians working for 13 hospitals including major centers (cancer centers and university medical centers) and local hospitals. Attitudes towards and perceptions of truth-telling and their styles and experiences of informing patients of diagnosis and prognosis were interviewed by expert surgical oncologists who have over 20 years of experience. Nominal responses to the questions were compared between 94 physicians at 5 major centers and 117 physicians at 76 local hospitals (including 68 private clinics) using generalized logits model with adjustment for age of the physicians. Results: Age of physicians ranged from 26 to 88 (median: 44). 48% of the physicians were surgeons. In comparison with the physicians at local hospitals, those at the major centers answered in significantly higher frequencies,
Amiodarone-Induced Skin Discoloration
Authors: C A Sivaram, K J Beckman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

A 61-year-old man who had had a defibrillator implanted after a cardiac arrest in 1989 was treated with amiodarone in 1990 because of frequent shocks from the defibrillator.After an initial loading dose, a maintenance dose of 400 mg daily was begun, and the patient had no further shocks.The dose was decreased to 200 mg daily in 1995, and the drug was discontinued in 1996.During therapy blue-gray pigmentation of the patient's nose, lips, and cheeks occurred, with sparing of the forehead and the area around the eyes.The patient commonly wore a hat and sunglasses when outside.At the most recent follow-up visit, the pigmentation remained unchanged.