tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Secrecy for data monitoring committees: inferior ethics, bad policy.
Authors: R J Wells
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.1.390 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 9440771 Secrecy for data monitoring committees: inferior ethics, bad policy. R J WellsxR J WellsSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1998.16.1.390 PDF "Secrecy for data monitoring committees: inferior ethics, bad policy.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 16(1), pp. 390–391© 1998 by American Society of Clinical OncologyKeywords: Biomedical and Behavioral ResearchCancer Therapy Evaluation Program (NCI)National Cancer Institute... Show All
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin act competitively to induce two different programs of differentiation in the human pluripotent cell line UT-7
Authors: O Hermine, P Mayeux, M Titeux, MT Mitjavila, N Casadevall, J Guichard, N Komatsu, T Suda, Y Miura, W Vainchenker
Journal: Blood (1992)
Fusion for lumbar spinal stenosis?
Authors: Ashley A Cole
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Decompression is all that most patients with one and two level stenosis require

Patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal causing compression of the nerve roots) present with a combination of low back pain and leg pain, numbness, and heaviness. The condition is best managed surgically,1 but which operation should be used?

Traditionally, spinal stenosis is treated with lumbar decompression (laminectomy), but in the US increasing numbers of patients are treated with fusion in addition to decompression.2 The evidence to support this change is weak, with prospective non-randomised trials showing some benefit from the addition of fusion.3

Two recent randomised controlled trials from Sweden4 and the United States 5 give some long awaited guidance on surgical management. Both studies were of patients aged 50-80 years with “pure” lumbar stenosis; patients with scoliosis, spondylolysis (pars fracture), lumbar disc herniation, and non-degenerative lumbar stenosis were excluded. Forsth and colleagues divided their patients into those with a …
Unrecognized organic mental disorders in survivors of cardiac arrest
Authors: P Reich, Q R Regestein, B J Murawski, R A DeSilva, B Lown
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

Long-term survivors of cardiac arrest may suffer from mild cerebral impairment manifested primarily by personality changes and behavioral symptoms that can be mistaken for emotional responses to illness. The authors report six cases that illustrate the clinical problem of differentiating depression from organic brain dysfunction in this population. The diagnosis is facilitated by observation over time and by information from the spouse on baseline and current function. Chronicity, dysinhibition, apathy, and disturbances of judgment and insight indicate cerebral dysfunction. The accurate diagnosis of cerebral impairment after cardiac arrest is essential to the rehabilitation process.
Mobile diagnostics in outbreak response, not only for Ebola: a blueprint for a modular and robust field laboratory
Authors: Roman Wölfel, Kilian Stoecker, Erna Fleischmann, Brigitte Gramsamer, Matthias Wagner, Peter Molkenthin, Antonino Di Caro, Stephan Günther, Sofi Ibrahim, Gelimer H Genzel, Amanda J Ozin-Hofsäss, Pierre Formenty, Lothar Zöller
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

We established a modular, rapidly deployable laboratory system that provides diagnostic support in resource-limited, remote areas. Developed as a quick response asset to unusual outbreaks of infectious diseases worldwide, several of these laboratories have been used as part of the World Health Organization response to the Ebola virus outbreaks by teams of the 'European Mobile Lab' project in West Africa since March 2014. Within three days from deployment, the first European mobile laboratory became operational at the Ebola Treatment Unit (ETU) in Guéckédou, southern Guinea. Deployment in close proximity to the ETU decreased the turnaround time to an average of 4 h instead of several days in many cases. Between March 2014 and May 2015, more than 5,800 samples were tested in this field laboratory. Further EMLab units were deployed to Nigeria, Liberia and Sierra Leone in the following months of the Ebola outbreak. The technical concept of the EMLab units served as a blueprint for other mobile Ebola laboratories which have been set up in Mali, Côte d'Ivoire, Sierra Leone and other countries in West Africa. Here, we describe design, capabilities and utility of this deployable laboratory system for use in response to disease outbreaks, epidemiological surveillance and patient management.
SP0017 Modulation of CD27-CD70 Interactions
Authors: R.A. Van Lier
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

After binding its natural ligand CD70, CD27, a tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor-binding member of the TNFR family, regulates cellular activity in subsets of T, B, and natural killer cells as well as hematopoietic progenitor cells. In normal immune responses, CD27 signaling is limited predominantly by the restricted expression of CD70, which is only transiently expressed by cells of the immune system upon activation. Studies performed in CD27-deficient and CD70-transgenic mice have defined a non-redundant role of this receptor-ligand pair in shaping adaptive T-cell responses. Moreover, adjuvant properties of agonistic CD27 monoclonal antibodies have been exploited for the design of anti-cancer vaccines. However, continuous CD27-CD70 interactions may cause immune dysregulation and immunopathology in conditions of chronic immune activation such as during persistent virus infection and autoimmune disease. The latter observations provide a rational for modulating CD27-CD70 interactions in immune mediated inflammatory diseases. For a review see Nolte, MA et al., Immunol Rev. 2009, 229:216-31. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
AB0632 MEFV Gene Mutations in Armenian Patients with Behçet's Disease
Authors: A. Haroyan, V. Mukuchyan, G. Amaryan, G. Khloyan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Behçet9s disease (BD) is an autoimmune condition with an unknown etiology that is characterized by multisystem vasculitis, oral and genital ulcers and ocular inflammation. Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a hereditary inflammatory disorder caused by mutations in MEFV. It occurs mainly in people of Mediterranean origin – Sephardic Jews, Arabs, Armenians, Turks <h3>Objectives</h3> We aimed to investigate the frequency of MEFV mutations and its possible influence on the BD course. <h3>Methods</h3> We have examinated 18 patients with BD. All patients fulfilled the International Study Group Criteria for the diagnosis BD (ISG 1990). They were also investigated for HLA B51 and molecular-genetic detection of 12 MEFV mutations common for Armenians in Medical Genetic Centre of Armenia. 2 of them had also approved FMF. The diagnosis of FMF was confirmed according to the generally recognized Tel-Hashomer criteria (Livneh A. et al., 1997; 2000). <h3>Results</h3> All 18 patients have positive HLA B51. As was mentioned earlier 2 of them had approved FMF and 16 who had no clinical symptoms and family history for FMF. 8 patients were found to carry a single MEFV mutation and 1 patient were compound heterozygous. The number of MEFV mutation carriers in BD patients was higher (50%) than in any other study which has been published before e.g. S. Ayesh et al 2008 – 40.5% in Palestinian population from West Bank and Jerusalem and P. Atagunduz et al 2003 – 26%, T. Tasliyurt et al 2012 – 39.1%, A. Yazici et al 2013 – 27% in Turkish population. The frequency of severe M694V mutation was significantly higher in the BD group (22.2%) than in healthy Armenian population - 4.7% (Hayrapetyan A.S., 2002). The frequency of ocular involvement was significantly lower in patients with any mutation (25%) than in patients who did not have been screened for MEFV gene mutations e.g. Wu H et al 2014 - 85.6%, Tugal-Tutkun et al., 2004 - 95%. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We mentioned an importance of MEFV gene mutations in ocular involvement for BD patients something which gives an opportunity for further researches in this field for determination of the exact role of MEFV gene mutation in pathogenesis of BD. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Enhanced Expression of Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex Gene (&lt;italic&gt;D&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;italic&gt;k&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;) Products on Immunogenic Variants of a Spontaneous Murine Carcinoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: D A Carlow, R S Kerbel, J T Feltis, B E Elliott
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Both immunogenic and nonimmunogenic variant clones were isolated from a recently obtained spontaneous murine adenocarcinoma after treatment (xenogenization) with either the mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate or the DNA hypomethylating agent, and “gene activator,” 5-azacitidine. Clonal analysis of the untreated tumor population confirmed that immunogenic variants arose as a consequence of the xenogenization protocol. At a dose of 106 cells per mouse, nonimmunogenic variants, like the parental tumor line, grew progressively in normal syngeneic recipients. In contrast, immunogenic variants were rejected in normal syngeneic mice and grew progressively only in T-cell-deficient nude mice. Serologic analysis of the respective clonal variants revealed that immunogenic variants expressed substantially elevated (fourfold to tenfold) levels of class I H-2Dk antigen relative to parental or nonimmunogenic cell lines. Two variants exhibiting marginal immunogenicity expressed high and low levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen, respectively suggesting that elevated MHC expression, although possibly a contributing factor, did not account for the immunogenic phenotype in all cases. Finally, the immunogenic phenotype of two variants decayed with time in culture. Clones in the process of reversion lost their elevated Dk gene expression and became progressively more tumorigenic in normal syngeneic mice. Together, these data are consistent with a hypothesis that elevated MHC expression can contribute to the immunogenic phenotype of originally low MHC-expressing tumors and that the reduced level of MHC observed in certain clinical cancers may have significant implications with regard to immunologic aspects of the tumor-host relationship.
Accuracy of diagnostic information submitted to an insurance company
Authors: S S Sharfstein, O B Towery, I D Milowe
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

Findings from two studies of the utilization of the mental health benefit under the Washington, D.C., area Blue Cross and Blue Shield Federal Employees Program suggest that diagnostic information submitted to insurance companies on claims forms is often inaccurate and therefore of little use for claims or peer review. The authors conclude that inaccurate information is submitted primarily because of legitimate concerns about patient confidentially. The urge that special claims and peer review procedures be developed to assure confidentiality of sensitive clinical information. A pilot project developed by the Washington Psychiatric Society and Blue Cross and Blue Shield is offered as an example of the kinds of systems that need to be devised.
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hypertension
Authors: M A Ghanem Wisam, J Murin, J Bulas, K Kozlikova, J Jaber, A Radman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Left ventricular hypertrophy LVH is supposed to be a useful marker of cardiovascular complications during the course of hypertension. Occurrence of other risk factors of atherosclerosis in these hypertensive patients such as hyperlipidemia and smoking deteriorate the prognosis too. The authors compared clinical findings in hypertensive patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy defined by echocardiography. Hospital records of 185 hypertensive patients treated at our medical department during years 1996-1999 were analysed. Left ventricular hypertrophy was defined by echocardiography (Penn convention) as left ventricular mass index > 134 g/m2 in men and > 110 g/m2 in women. Presence of LVH was found in 109 patients (mean age 66.7 years), absence of LVH in 76 patients (mean age 64.7 years). Both groups of hypertensive patients were matched by demographic parameters by the presence of hyperlipidemia and by smoking habits. Hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus and obesity were excluded. They were statistically significant in the incidence of heart failure, myocardial infarction, renal failure and mitral regurgitation, and non-significant in the incidence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. There were more cardiovascular complications in LVH-positive patients than in those with LVH-negative findings. The incidence of stroke was slightly higher in LVH-negative patients. Left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension brings usually a complicated course of the disease. The authors recommend to examine the patients with arterial hypertension for the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy as it complicates the course of the disease significantly. (Tab. 3, Fig. 2, Ref. 26.)
Soundings: The threat
Authors: Liam Farrell
Journal: BMJ (2006)

In Aliens, the human colonists have been eradicated by the ruthless queen. As Sigourney Weaver is escaping, she loses the little girl she has promised never to leave. She returns to the hive and, as she straps on her guns, the camera lingers. Her face is grim, and you realise that she is more dangerous than any monster. Hunters have a saying: “Never get between a she-bear and her cubs.”

We general practitioners also have a saying: “Never get between an elderly woman and her tablets.” Not quite the same: elderly women don't actually love their tablets; “Love is not love, Which alters when it alteration finds,” but the effect is similar.

I remember, as a junior doctor, admitting an elderly woman who was on about 40 different medications, and we were scathing about indolent GPs prescribing willy-nilly. With youthful innocence we stopped all her medications, and to our satisfaction she began to perk up. Unfortunately, as she perked up, she also realised that she was drug free, and over the next few weeks she remorselessly wore us down, day by day, tablet by tablet; firstly (of course), the hypnotic, then an anxiolytic, then an antidepressant, her vitamins, her aspirin, her antihypertensive, etc etc. By discharge we had capitulated and thrown in a few more, just for show.

Nothing changes; polypharmacy thrives. Why? I write prescriptions, so why can't I just say no? I won't be offended if patients change doctors, and the financial loss will be minimal.

I was trying to rationalise Maggie's particular cocktail, unchanged for millenniums. “You won't need these,” I said, reaching for the levodopa on her overloaded shelf.

My wrist was caught in a vice-like grip. Terry Pratchett observed that whole economies have been built on the ability of elderly women to carry massive loads on their backs; they look frail, but they're wiry.

“Dr Sloan said these would help,” she said. Dr Sloan, I guessed, was some harassed junior doctor from the mists of time, trying to escape his coffee break by pretending he was actually doing something, but no edict from Pope Pius could have carried greater weight or echoed so grandly down the years.

“He was a very good doctor,” I agreed, as she was between me and the door. A prescription has many fathers, and physical intimidation is yet another.
The Production of Sarcomas from Cultured Tissues of Hepatoma, Melanoma, and Thyroid Tumors
Authors: K K SANFORD, G D LIKELY, V J EVANS, C J MACKEY, W R EARLE
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1952)

Journal Article The Production of Sarcomas from Cultured Tissues of Hepatoma, Melanoma, and Thyroid Tumors Get access Katherine K. Sanford, Katherine K. Sanford Tissue Culture Unit, Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute2, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gwendolyn D. Likely, Gwendolyn D. Likely Tissue Culture Unit, Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute2, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Virginia J. Evans, Virginia J. Evans Tissue Culture Unit, Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute2, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Constance J. Mackey, Constance J. Mackey Tissue Culture Unit, Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute2, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wilton R. Earle Wilton R. Earle Tissue Culture Unit, Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute2, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 12, Issue 5, April 1952, Pages 1057–1077, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/12.5.1057 Published: 01 April 1952 Article history Received: 14 January 1952 Published: 01 April 1952
Treatment for Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma—Reply
Authors: Roger Stupp, Steven A. Toms, Santosh Kesari
Journal: JAMA (2016)

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FRI0538 Development and Validation of a Questionnaire for the Identification of Different Behavioral Strategies in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: F. Bailly, V. Foltz, S. Rozenberg, L. Gossec, B. Fautrel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Patients with low back pain (LBP) have to manage their symptoms, and different behavioral strategies (BS) can alter the impact of LBP. IBS identification is an important challenge to optimize the care of LBP patients. <h3>Objectives</h3> To elaborate and validate a questionnaire identifying BS in patients with LBP. <h3>Methods</h3> (1) Qualitative study of 25 patients with LBP by 4 focus groups and identification of major behaviours. (2) Construction of a preliminary questionnaire with multiple items, based on experts9 opinions and the verbatim of patients, representing 3 to 4 different behavioral strategies. (3) Validation of the questionnaire through a prospective multicentric study in France and Switzerland, including patients with chronic LBP. Demographic characteristics, the preliminary questionnaire and other reference anchor questionnaires were collected. Multiple component analysis and hierarchical classification were used to validate the existence of different behavioral strategies and to reduce the number of items. Construct validity, internal consistency (Cronbach9s alpha) and external validity were evaluated. (4) Longitudinal validation: therapeutics performed during 12 month of follow up were collected. <h3>Results</h3> (1 and 2) The preliminary questionnaire was composed of 85 items in 8 different domains. (3) In the validation study, 162 patients were included: 42% were men and the median age was 50 years (range, 22 to 82). Multiple component analysis found 3 different behavioral profiles: (a) patients who need physical reassurance, (b) patients who need psychological support, and (c) patients who manage their daily activities adequately. The final questionnaire is composed of 7 questions, each question deals with a different domain of coping (e.g., work or leisure activities) and each question is answered by choosing one of 3 items, corresponding to the 3 different behavior strategies. The predominant BS is determined by the BS getting the most answers. Cronbach9s alpha was moderate (range, 0.47-0.66). External validity assessed against anxiety, depression, and coping strategies was satisfactory. (4) As expected, over 12 months in 85 patients, intensive back pain therapy was more often conducted in patients who needed physical reassurance (p=0.038). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This short and easy to use questionnaire distinguishes 3 profiles of BS in LBP and appears to have good validity. This questionnaire should be useful in managing patients as patients with profile (a) may most benefit from intensive physical therapy whereas patients with profile (b) should be oriented towards psychological support and/or medications. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Ethics in oncology textbooks.
Authors: C M Haskell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1986.4.2.261 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3944608 Ethics in oncology textbooks. C M HaskellxC M HaskellSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1986.4.2.261 PDF "Ethics in oncology textbooks.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 4(2), pp. 261–262© 1986 by American Society of Clinical Oncology