tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ACRIN 6684: Assessment of Tumor Hypoxia in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Using 18F-FMISO PET and MRI
Authors: Elizabeth R. Gerstner, Zheng Zhang, James R. Fink, Mark Muzi, Lucy Hanna, Erin Greco, Melissa Prah, Kathleen M. Schmainda, Akiva Mintz, Lale Kostakoglu, Edward A. Eikman, Benjamin M. Ellingson, Eva-Maria Ratai, A. Gregory Sorensen, Daniel P. Barboriak, David A. Mankoff
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Structural and functional alterations in tumor vasculature are thought to contribute to tumor hypoxia which is a primary driver of malignancy through its negative impact on the efficacy of radiation, immune surveillance, apoptosis, genomic stability, and accelerated angiogenesis. We performed a prospective, multicenter study to test the hypothesis that abnormal tumor vasculature and hypoxia, as measured with MRI and PET, will negatively impact survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Prior to the start of chemoradiation, patients with glioblastoma underwent MRI scans that included dynamic contrast enhanced and dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion sequences to quantitate tumor cerebral blood volume/flow (CBV/CBF) and vascular permeability (ktrans) as well as 18F-Fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO) PET to quantitate tumor hypoxia. ROC analysis and Cox regression models were used to determine the association of imaging variables with progression-free and overall survival. Fifty patients were enrolled of which 42 had evaluable imaging data. Higher pretreatment 18F-FMISO SUVpeak (P = 0.048), mean ktrans (P = 0.024), and median ktrans (P = 0.045) were significantly associated with shorter overall survival. Higher pretreatment median ktrans (P = 0.021), normalized RCBV (P = 0.0096), and nCBF (P = 0.038) were significantly associated with shorter progression-free survival. SUVpeak [AUC = 0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.59-0.91], nRCBV (AUC = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.56-0.89), and nCBF (AUC = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.56-0.89) were predictive of survival at 1 year. Increased tumor perfusion, vascular volume, vascular permeability, and hypoxia are negative prognostic markers in newly diagnosed patients with gioblastoma, and these important physiologic markers can be measured safely and reliably using MRI and 18F-FMISO PET. Clin Cancer Res; 22(20); 5079-86. ©2016 AACR.
Comparison of idraparinux with vitamin K antagonists for prevention of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial
Authors: M G Bousser, J Bouthier, H R Büller, A T Cohen, H Crijns, B L Davidson, J Halperin, G Hankey, S Levy, V Pengo, P Prandoni, M H Prins, W Tomkowski, C Torp-Pedersen, C Thorp-Pedersen, D G Wyse
Journal: The Lancet (2008)
Abstract P1-06-02: A force-sensitive organoid assay to quantify regenerative potential of single primary human mammary cells
Authors: CH Scheel, JR Linnemann, H Miura, LK Meixner, M Irmler, UJ Kloos, B Hirschi, HS Bartsch, S Sass, J Beckers, FJ Theis, C Gabka, K Sotlar
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract We have developed an organoid regeneration assay to quantify the ability of freshly isolated, single human mammary epithelial cells to generate complex branched ductal structures with basal and luminal features. For this purpose, cells are cultured in adherent or floating collagen gels, corresponding to a rigid or compliant matrix. In both conditions, single luminal progenitors form spheres, whereas basal cells generate branched ductal structures. In compliant but not rigid collagen gels, branching ducts in multicellular structures generated by basal cells develop a lumen and alveoli at their tips. Importantly, branched structures generated by single basal cells express basal and luminal markers at correct positions, thereby demonstrating bi-potential. Functionally, basal cells in branched structures display cellular contractility, which we reveal to be required for alveologenesis. In conclusion, branched structures generated by single basal cells in compliant collagen gels resemble terminal ductal-lobular units (TDLU), the functional units of the mammary gland. To prospectively isolate basal cells with regenerative potential, we added the membrane metallo-endopeptidase CD10 as a cell surface marker to existing sorting protocols, thereby enriching for TDLU-formation and enabling rigorous quantification of regenerative potential by extreme limiting dilution assay (ELDA). Moreover, the use of CD10 as a cell surface marker reveals the presence of stromal cells with endothelial qualities within the CD49fhi/EpCAM– population, previously labeled basal. In summary, we describe a defined in vitro assay system to quantify primary human mammary epithelial cells with regenerative potential and systematically investigate their interaction with the physical environment at distinct steps of morphogenesis. Citation Format: Scheel CH, Linnemann JR, Miura H, Meixner LK, Irmler M, Kloos UJ, Hirschi B, Bartsch HS, Sass S, Beckers J, Theis FJ, Gabka C, Sotlar K. A force-sensitive organoid assay to quantify regenerative potential of single primary human mammary cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-06-02.
Evaluating the Quality of Comprehensive Cardiometabolic Care for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in the U.S.: The Diabetes Collaborative Registry
Authors: Suzanne V. Arnold, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Darren K. McGuire, Sanjeev N. Mehta, Abhinav Goyal, Laurence S. Sperling, Thomas M. Maddox, Daniel Einhorn, Nathan D. Wong, Robert E. Ratner, Niklas Hammar, Peter Fenici, John J. Sheehan, Jennifer L. Wong, Mikhail Kosiborod
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

The prevalence of diabetes continues to escalate (1,2) with profound impact on complications and mortality (3–5). Evidence-based guidelines (6–9) and performance measures have been developed (10–12). However, there is currently no sustainable nationwide mechanism by which to 1 ) systematically evaluate and track the quality of care in primary and specialty settings or 2 ) evaluate the real-world treatment strategies and their effects on health outcomes. Over the past two decades, quality-oriented registries in cardiovascular disease have pioneered mechanisms of quality assessment, benchmarking, and feedback to individual providers and institutions, and there is evidence that such initiatives can translate into improved quality of care and patient outcomes (13–17). In an effort to extend these efforts to diabetes and cardiometabolic care, the Diabetes Collaborative Registry (DCR) was formed in 2014 by the American College of Cardiology, the American Diabetes Association, the American College of Physicians, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, and the Joslin Diabetes Center. The DCR is a real-world, quality-oriented registry covering the spectrum from primary to specialty outpatient care in the U.S., thereby permitting evaluations of multidisciplinary diabetes care across the spectrum of the disease process (from diagnosis to complications) and the relationship between treatment patterns and health outcomes.

Despite evidence-based guidelines for treating patients with diabetes (1,7,9,18,19), a divide exists between the recommendations and their practical application (20). The DCR seeks to fill this void through collecting data on a national level, allowing for regular feedback and benchmarking that we envision will result in rapid-cycle quality improvement efforts. Through measuring adherence to clinical guidelines, quantifying local performance, and reporting these …
Tuberculosis Among Children.
Authors: J A Myers
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Functional Characterization and Modulation of Cytokine Production by CD8+ T Cells from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals
Authors: Enrico Maggi, Roberto Manetti, Francesco Annunziato, Lorenzo Cosmi, Maria Grazia Giudizi, Roberta Biagiotti, Grazia Galli, Giuliano Zuccati, Sergio Romagnani
Journal: Blood (1997)
Canada’s courts and government disagree on assisted dying as deadline looms
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Two weeks before a court imposed deadline for Canada to pass assisted dying legislation, a ruling by Alberta’s Court of Appeal has said that the government’s proposed bill still falls short of offering the full right to die that the country’s Supreme Court said last year was constitutionally guaranteed.

Canada’s longstanding criminal ban on physician assisted death was struck down by the Supreme Court in the Carter versus Canada ruling which held that patients need not be at the end of life or have a terminal prognosis to qualify for assistance in dying, but must only have a “grievous and irremediable” …
Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: Robert J. Haggerty
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

TOXIC HAZARDS*Deaths from Permanent Antifreeze Ingestion†The deaths of two teen-agers and illness in several others from accidental ingestion of the antifreeze, ethylene glycol, was given wide publicity in mid-December, 1958. To acquaint physicians with this common hazard, a brief review of the problem is reported here.A 16-year-old boy and a 17-year-old girl were both reported to the Boston Poison Information Center to be comatose some 24 hours after they had ingested an unknown amount of a "light-green liquid" found in a whisky bottle at a party the night before. It was subsequently learned that the unused portion . . .
Abstract P4-03-06: Near-infrared diffuse optical imaging for early prediction to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with primary breast cancer
Authors: H Ogura, N Yoshizawa, S Ueda, Y Hosokawa, R Matsunuma, J Tochikubo, H Nasu, T Shigekawa, H Takeuchi, A Osaki, T Saeki, K Yoshimoto, E Ohmae, T Suzuki, Y Ueda, Y Yamashita, H Sakahara
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: Diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging (DOSI) can be exploited as a marker of tumor blood volume quantified by tissue hemoglobin (tHb) concentration. In DOSI, frequent measurement is possible for breast cancer patients because of its non-invasiveness. The tHb concentration determined by DOSI is expected to be a new biomarker for prediction of breast cancer response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Purpose: Our objective is to determine whether early change of tumor tHb concentration predicts pathological complete response (pCR) to NAC in patients with operable breast cancer. Methods: In a prospective study, one hundred patients with primary breast cancer were enrolled for primary objective analysis. The regimens of NAC were according to the standard of care. Patients underwent sequential scans using DOSI at baseline, after 1st course and 2nd course of chemotherapy. The mean value of tHb (tHbmean) concentration of the targeted lesion was measured and the percentage change in tHbmean (ΔtHbmean) concentration was calculated. Receiver operating curve analysis demonstrated diagnostic performance of DOSI for predicting a pCR. Results: In interim analysis, it was regarded as a good outcome that area under the curve (AUC) for ΔtHbmean after 1nd course was 0.797 (SE 0.104, 95%CI 0.633-0.911), and after 2st course was 0.867 (SE 0.06, 95%CI 0.715-0.956). Conclusion: DOSI could predict accurately a pCR to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with primary breast cancer. Citation Format: Ogura H, Yoshizawa N, Ueda S, Hosokawa Y, Matsunuma R, Tochikubo J, Nasu H, Shigekawa T, Takeuchi H, Osaki A, Saeki T, Yoshimoto K, Ohmae E, Suzuki T, Ueda Y, Yamashita Y, Sakahara H. Near-infrared diffuse optical imaging for early prediction to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with primary breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-03-06.
An Unusual Virus in Cultures From a Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: B. G. Achong, P. W. A. Mansell, M. A. Epstein, P. Clifford
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

A new human virus, unassignable to any known morphological group, was observed in cultures of a nasopharyngeal carcinoma from a Kenyan African. The virus was found only in suspension cultures of lymphoblastoid cells released from the original monolayer after 105 days in vitro. The virus is morphologically indistinguishable from 2 recently described viruses from animal tumors. Although having some features of the mouse mammary tumor agent, it differs in several respects. Unlike the mouse mammary tumor agent, the new virus matures by the entry of a preformed immature particle into a bud at a cellular membrane, rather than by the de novo accumulation of crescentic dense material. It is also smaller, has radiating spines on its mature form, and, once released, does not undergo further stages of maturation. Because human nasopharyngeal carcinoma has been linked to Epstein-Barr virus, the finding of a new viral agent associated with it makes it important to intensify the search for a possible viral cause.
Dose-Eesponse Relations in Experimental Transmission of Avian Erythromyeloblastic Leukosis. I. Host-Response to the Virus<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>2</sup></xref>
Authors: Edward A. Eckert, Dorothy Beard, J. W. Beard
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1951)

Journal Article Dose-Eesponse Relations in Experimental Transmission of Avian Erythromyeloblastic Leukosis. I. Host-Response to the Virus Get access Edward A. Eckert, Edward A. Eckert Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, N. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dorothy Beard, Dorothy Beard Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, N. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. W. Beard J. W. Beard Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, N. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 12, Issue 2, October 1951, Pages 447–463, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/12.2.447 Published: 01 October 1951 Article history Received: 20 July 1951 Published: 01 October 1951
Bioinformatics-Based Identification of Chemosensory Proteins in African Malaria Mosquito, <i>Anopheles Gambiae</i>
Authors: Zhengxi Li, Zuorui Shen, Jingjiang Zhou, Lin Field
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2003)

Abstract Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are identifiable by four spatially conserved Cysteine residues in their primary structure or by two disulfide bridges in their tertiary structure according to the previously identified olfactory specific-D related proteins. A genomics- and bioinformatics-based approach is taken in the present study to identify the putative CSPs in the malaria-carrying mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. The results show that five out of the nine annotated candidates are the most possible Anopheles CSPs of A. gambiae. This study lays the foundation for further functional identification of Anopheles CSPs, though all of these candidates need additional experimental verification.
Wit
Authors: Philip Raby
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Few if any films deal with the process of death and dying with quite such clarity, simplicity, and eloquence as Wit, a film made for American television.

Emma Thompson, a renaissance woman if ever there was one, adapted the original play for the screen and takes the leading role of Dr Vivian Bearing. Her title is not medical but academic: she teaches metaphysical poetry at an American university and has a reputation of being both brilliant and unforgiving to students who fall short of her high standards.

The entire film takes place in hospital, from the moment when she is told that she has a severe form of cancer by the ever ebullient Dr Kelekian (Christopher Lloyd), through to the closing shot as the camera retreats from the room where Dr Bearing has wrestled with death and succumbed.

On the course I run at the University of Bristol, called “Doctors in the movies,” this is the film that I show in its entirety to the medical students, and they are invariably astonished and moved by its power and tenderness. We are so used to films that live on melodrama, cheap emotion, and obvious insights that to be faced with something as subtle and delicate as this is almost overwhelming; the tears we shed have been earned, not forced.

Anyone working in the medical world can learn a great deal from Wit. There are no villains, yet the brash Kelekian and his intern sidekick Jason epitomise a certain male obtuseness, forever focused on some abstract goal, making them unable to see the human being lying in front of them. A particularly excruciating scene involves Jason giving Dr Bearing a gynaecological examination with a degree of awkwardness, insensitivity, and thoughtlessness that would make any medical student vow never to display such a lack of care. Jason is a bright young man with a shining future ahead, but for him, as for Kelekian, the patient is a means to an end, not a person. Susie, though—Bearing's nurse—is the stuff that dreams are made of; the scene in which she and Vivian sit and suck ice lollies could have been saccharine but is instead truly moving.

And at the centre of it all is Emma Thompson. The reason that the film is so effective is in the title—it is a film of great wit. Not in the sense that it is stuffed with Wildean witticisms, but because it has a trenchant and sardonic intelligence that is unusual, to say the least. The technique of voiceover commentary is so often used to cover up a film's failings, but here it allows us to bear witness to Bearing's experiences. She expresses her frustration at the hospital's mechanistic approach, at the boredom of endless hours of doing nothing, at the physical suffering she endures. Above all, the film allows us to see the world from the perspective of the patient, one who is intelligent enough to know that its unkindnesses are not deliberate. When you watch this film you consider how you would behave if you were the doctor, the intern, the nurse, or the patient. And you can't ask much more of a film than that it should make you both think and feel.
Effects of Cortisone on Nucleic Acid Composition of Rat Liver&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;, &lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Charles Upton Lowe
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1955)

Journal Article Effects of Cortisone on Nucleic Acid Composition of Rat Liver, Get access Charles Upton Lowe Charles Upton Lowe Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo School of Medicine and the Statler Research Laboratories, Children's Hospital, Buffalo, N. Y Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 15, Issue Supplement_5, April 1955, Pages 1619–1622, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/15.Supplement_5.1619 Published: 01 April 1955
Rupture of the Esophagus in the Neonate
Authors: Robert P. Hohf
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus in a newborn is rare. The authors find 3 published reports of this sort of occurrence in addition to their own case, first reported in 1959. The patient, a boy, was born in 1956. The first symptom, spitting of blood, was noted 13 hours after delivery; the esophagram that led to the diagnosis of rupture was obtained on the third day, and surgical closure was carried out within 4 hours thereafter. The boy has now been observed for more than 5 years. At the age of 20 months symptoms of obstruction in the distal part of the esophagus necessitated a period of daily treatments by dilatation, but at present cineradiograms show no anatomical or functional abnormalities of the esophagus.
Prenatal Nicotine Exposure and Risk of Schizophrenia Among Offspring in a National Birth Cohort
Authors: Solja Niemelä, Andre Sourander, Heljä-Marja Surcel, Susanna Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki, Ian W. McKeague, Keely Cheslack-Postava, Alan S. Brown
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2016)

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is a major public health problem leading to adverse health outcomes and neurodevelopmental abnormalities among offspring. Its prevalence in the United States and Europe is 12%-25%. This study examined the relationship between prenatal nicotine exposure (cotinine level) in archived maternal sera and schizophrenia in offspring from a national birth cohort.The authors conducted a population-based nested case-control study of all live births in Finland from 1983 to 1998. Cases of schizophrenia in offspring (N=977) were identified from a national registry and matched 1:1 to controls on date of birth, sex, and residence. Maternal serum cotinine levels were prospectively measured, using quantitative immunoassay, from early- to mid-gestation serum specimens archived in a national biobank.A higher maternal cotinine level, measured as a continuous variable, was associated with an increased odds of schizophrenia (odds ratio=3.41, 95% confidence interval, 1.86-6.24). Categorically defined heavy maternal nicotine exposure was related to a 38% increased odds of schizophrenia. These findings were not accounted for by maternal age, maternal or parental psychiatric disorders, socioeconomic status, and other covariates. There was no clear evidence that weight for gestational age mediated the associations.To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study of the relationship between a maternal smoking biomarker and schizophrenia. It provides the most definitive evidence to date that smoking during pregnancy is associated with schizophrenia. If replicated, these findings suggest that preventing smoking during pregnancy may decrease the incidence of schizophrenia.