tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P5-01-08: Immunocytochemistry Staining of Estrogen Receptor in Circulating Tumor Cells as Compared to Primary Tumor.
Authors: JA Mayer, T Pham, KL Wong, FZ Bischoff
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Estrogen receptor (ER) status in all breast cancer patients is recommended by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and is considered standard practice for selection of treatment options. However, the analytical sensitivity of IHC in detecting low levels of ER is often poor and likely due to methodological variation. Because biopsy is not often feasible in all patients presenting with recurrent and/or metastatic breast disease, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) offer an attractive alternative source of tumor tissue for determining ER status and can be monitored more readily to enable a more effective course of treatment. Experimental Design: Twenty ml of peripheral blood was collected prospectively from # patients diagnosed with late stage metastatic/recurrent breast cancer. CTCs were isolated using the microfluidic OncoCEE™ platform. A cocktail of antibodies was utilized for CTC capture and detection with an expanded anti-cytokeratin (CK) cocktail mixture and anti-CD45. ER protein expression was assessed by immunocytochemistry (ICC) on the cells captured within the microchannels and compared to IHC performed on the primary tumor. Results: CK+/CD45- cells were detected in 23 of 27 cases (85%). Among the 23 cases in which CK+ cells were detected, only moderate concordance (16/23; 70%) in ER status between primary tumor and CTCs was observed. Conclusions: There is significant heterogeneity between ER protein expression in CTCs and primary tumor. ER ICC on CTCs from peripheral blood using the OncoCEE™ platform is shown to be feasible but the comparison likely compromised by lack of tumor staging at the time of blood draw. Given that IHC was in some cases performed 5–10 years pre-blood draw and that tumors have the potential to convert, ER status only moderately correlates to the IHC status in the primary tumor. The significance of heterogeneity at the ER protein level in CTCs ascertaining to the prognosis and predictive response to anti-estrogen therapy needs further evaluation in larger prospective clinical trials. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-01-08.
P124 Children unite to stop smoking in cars
Authors: I. Jarrold, K. Huntly, T. Turkel
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3></h3> It is well-established that second-hand cigarette smoke affects the health of everyone who is exposed to it. However, second-hand smoke is particularly dangerous for children, increasing their risk of developing asthma, chest infections and triggering asthma attacks. In addition, previous research shows that smoking just one cigarette in a car, even with the window open, creates a greater concentration of second-hand smoke than a whole evening9s smoking in a pub. Hence, exposing children to second-hand smoke in a car is exceptionally hazardous. This study sought information regarding children9s experiences of, and attitudes towards, being exposed to second-hand cigarette smoke, including exposure in cars. 1001 children aged 8–15 (51% male, 49% female) were surveyed online via a self-completion questionnaire between 20 and 27 January 2011. 51% of respondents had been in a car when someone has been smoking at some time. Of the 512 respondents who had been in a car while someone was smoking, 31% said they would ask them to stop, 24% said they were too embarrassed to ask them to stop, 9% said they were too scared to say anything and 21% said they didn9t mind. All respondents were asked how they felt when an adult smokes near them. 58% said it made them smell of smoke, 49% said it made them feel sick, 44% said it made them cough and only 7% said it didn9t bother them. 86% of all respondents said they would like the Government to stop people from smoking when children are in the car, with only 4% saying they would not and 10% saying they did not know. This survey shows that an overwhelming majority of children would support legislation to protect children from passive smoke in the car. This work also suggests that when exposed to second-hand smoke while travelling in a car, many children do not feel able to ask the smoker to stop. More work is needed to empower children and give them a voice to help change legislation around smoking in private cars and to increase awareness of the dangers of second-hand smoke.
Elimination of the Truncated Message from the Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase Suicide Gene
Authors: David Chalmers, Christophe Ferrand, Jane F Apperley, Junia V Melo, Saskia Ebeling, Isobel Newton, Anne Duperrier, Anton Hagenbeek, Elaine Garrett, Pierre Tiberghien, Marina Garin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Introduction of the Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene into target cells renders them susceptible to killing by ganciclovir (GCV). We are studying the use of HSV-tk-transduced T lymphocytes in the context of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We have previously shown, in vitro and in vivo, the occurrence of transduced cells resistant to GCV due to a deletion within HSV-tk. This deletion, a consequence of the presence of cryptic splice donor and acceptor sites, originates in the retroviral producer cell. Here we adopt two different methods that introduce third-base degenerate changes at the cryptic splice sites and so prevent splicing. Consequently, the HSV-tk protein is unaltered and the sensitivity of the target cells to GCV is preserved. The use of this mutated HSV-tk should reduce the likelihood of the development of resistant genetically modified cells during clinical trials.
Botulism and Guanidine
Authors: Michael Cherington, Donald W. Ryan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

A 57-year-old woman with a fatal disease, presumably botulism, was treated intermittently with guanidine hydrochloride over a 20-day period. Guanidine was given because it enhances the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. During treatment, ptosis and extraocular palsies were relieved, strength in proximal muscles improved, and muscle-action potentials increased from 1 to 2 mV to 4 to 7 mV.
AB1070 SF-36: is There A Difference between Paper and Touch-Screen Evaluation?
Authors: L. Cunha-Miranda, C. Silva, H. Santos, F. Barcelos, C. Miguel, J. Borges, S. Fernandes, R. Trinca, V. Vicente, P. Aguiar
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Patient reported outcomes are a relevant aspect in the follow-up of our patients. The use of computer assisted platforms is being introduced rapidly in our daily clinical practice. We should be comfortable in using new technologies as long as they are validated and reflect the same outcome as older forms of patient reported outcomes. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate and validate an electronic based SF-36 questionnaire in a touch-screen platform <h3>Methods</h3> Patients followed in our biologic clinic were evaluated with a paper version of SF-36 and after with the electronic version. The touch-screen was specially developed for our patients, integrating software that recognized the patient by disease through a bar code and presented the questionnaires according to the disease. Concordance between paper rand touch-screen questionnaire was done through Intraclass Correlation Coefficients. Internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach9s alpha coefficient. For categorical variables Cohen Kappa concordance coeficent was used. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 120 patients were included 75.8% were female, mean age was 50.78±11.88 and mean disease duration was 11.43±9.02, 69.9% had less than the complete secondary school level. 14.2% had psoriatic arthritis, 30% ankylosing spondylitis, and 55.8% had rheumatoid arthritis. The ICC: Intraclass correlation coefficients between touch-screen versus paper were respectively for the different dimensions of SF-36 <i>Physical function</i> – 0.928, <i>Physical role</i> – 0.870, <i>Pain</i> – 0.858, <i>General health</i> – 0.925, <i>Vitality</i> – 0.905, <i>Social function</i> – 0.899, <i>Emotional role</i> – 0.781, <i>Mental health</i> – 0.944, <i>Cronbach9s Alpha</i> (8 domains) for touchscreen – 0.891 and for paper – 0.907. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We found no relevant difference between paper and touch-screen version of the SF-36, with high correlation coefficients validating this platform. This is a useful instrument in our clinical practice, helping clinicians to have more data on their patient9s with less time expended. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5094
The Role of Prevention in Health Reform
Authors: Louise B. Russell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

In this issue of the Journal, Fries et al.1 offer an attractive alternative to health care cost-control proposals such as managed competition, global budgets, rationing, and the like. On behalf of the Health Project Consortium, they propose that wider use of preventive care, broadly defined, would control growth in medical expenditures and make Americans healthier at the same time. Fries et al. are not the first to suggest that prevention saves money -- the idea has enduring appeal. Cost-effectiveness studies, however, provide little evidence of savings. At the same time, the expectation that preventive care will save money may hold . . .
Palmar–Plantar Rash with Cytarabine Therapy
Authors: Lindsay Rosenbeck, Patrick J Kiel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

A 52-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia underwent induction chemotherapy consisting of a 7-day intravenous infusion of cytarabine plus daunorubicin on days 1 through 3. Bone marrow biopsy performed on day 14 revealed that blast cells still accounted for 60 to 80% of the total cells in the marrow, indicating an inadequate response to initial induction therapy. Intermediate-dose cytarabine (1500 mg per square meter of body-surface area) was then administered every 12 hours for a total of 12 doses. After the ninth dose, the patient's palms became red and painful. He received a diagnosis of cytarabine-induced palmar–plantar erythrodysesthesia (also known . . .
A Pilot Study of Low-Dose Zidovudine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Ann C. Collier, Samuel Bozzette, Robert W. Coombs, Dennis M. Causey, David A. Schoenfeld, Stephen A. Spector, Carla B. Pettinelli, Glenn Davies, Douglas D. Richman, John M. Leedom, Pamela Kidd, Lawrence Corey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Zidovudine delays the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but is associated with hematologic toxicity at high doses. Regimens are needed that preserve or enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity. Acyclovir has been reported to potentiate the effect of zidovudine on HIV in vitro.
ACRIN 6664: Patient acceptance and preferance of CT colonography compared to optical colonoscopy for colon cancer screening
Authors: B. Siewert, I. Gareen, D. Vanness, B. Herman, C. D. Johnson, C. Gatsonis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

4034 Background: Colorectal cancer screening must be repeated on a regular basis. Understanding patient perceptions and willingness to be rescreened will help to determine future compliance rates. The purpose of this study was to compare National CT Colonography Trial (NCTCT) screening participant experiences with CT colonography (CTC) and optical colonoscopy (OC), willingness to return for each procedure, and procedure preference. Methods: NCTCT participants underwent a single bowel preparation (BP). Participants were scheduled to receive CTC, followed by sedation and OC. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire two weeks post-exam on physical discomfort and embarrassment during BP, CTC and OC and willingness to repeat CTC and OC (with or without BP) at different time intervals. McNemar's Test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: 2310 of 2600 patients (89%) responded (1224 women, 1086 men). Mean age was 58.39 years (range 50–86). The participant population was 85% Caucasian, 11% African American and 4% other. Severe discomfort was reported by 7.1% participants with BP, 6.3% with CTC, and 2.2% with OC. Severe embarrassment was reported by 1.6% participants with BP, 1.3% with CTC, and 0.7% with OC. Forty-six percent of participants preferred CTC, 27.4% reported no preference, and 24.9% preferred OC (p&lt;0.001). Repeat screening with CTC is currently recommended every 5 years and with OC every 10 years. 80.5% of the participants were willing to be screened again with CTC in 5 years and 97.5 % were willing to be screened again with OC in 10 years (p&lt;0.001). If the screening interval for CTC were extended to ten years, 93.7% of participants were willing to return for screening (p&lt;0.001). If BP were unnecessary, 91.0% were willing to be rescreened with CTC in 5 years and 97.5% were willing to be rescreened with OC in 10 years (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: NCTCT participants preferred CTC to OC, but their willingness to undergo repeat CTC was limited by the shorter interval between screenings currently recommended for CTC as opposed to OC. Improvements in technology that would eliminate the need for bowel preparation or extend the recommended screening interval would likely improve adherence to recommended repeat screening. [Table: see text]
THE BENEFIT OF ULTRASOUND SCREENING OF ASYMPTOMATIC CAROTID STENOSIS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Estelle Torbey, Harout Yacoub, Chadi Salman, John Spagnola, Myriam El Kosseifi, Muzaffar Khan, Nileshkumar Patel, James Lafferty
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
M263 A Quarter Of Ipf Patients Not Eligible For Pirfenidone Treatment Due To The Nice Criteria Significantly Decline Over Time
Authors: N. Chaudhuri, C. Leonard
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Pirfenidone has NICE approval and is recommended for patients with IPF if the FVC is 50–80%. We hypothesised that this would disadvantage a significant cohort of IPF patients who have moderate reduction in transfer factor despite preserved FVC. <h3>Methods</h3> We present longitudinal data capturing 38 IPF patients who had FVC greater than 80% and not eligible for pirfenidone treatment. <h3>Results</h3> Since NICE approval in July 2013, 43 patients were eligible for pirfenidone as per the NICE criteria and 38 (47%) patients were outside the NICE criteria. Of those outside the NICE criteria, the average FVC was 98% (81–145) and average DLCO was 58% (21–88). Sixteen (42%) patients had a DLCO &lt;55%, nine (24%) had DLCO of 56–70% and nine (24%) with DLCO above 70%. Only nine (24%) had CT evidence of emphysema. We had one or more serial lung function results for 17 (49%) patients. A total of 9/38 (24%) patients demonstrated an absolute decline in FVC of over 10% and one patient had an absolute DLCO decline of over 15%. Only one of these patients became eligible for pirfenidone treatment. This retrospective data demonstrates that the sole use of FVC in the NICE criteria for treating IPF disadvantages patients who demonstrate a significant reduction in transfer factor despite FVC greater than 80%. In this study this reduced transfer factor and preserved FVC can only be attributed to the presence of coexisting emphysema in 9/38 (24%) of patients. Ten (26%) IPF patients not treated with pirfenidone because they did not meet the NICE criteria demonstrate a clinically significant decline in their lung function. Despite this the majority are still not eligible for treatment with pirfenidone. We would therefore advocate following our European partner countries and using both FVC and DLCO as per the CAPACITY criteria when assessing patient suitability for pirfenidone treatment for IPF, as the use of FVC alone with an upper limit of 80% excludes a substantial cohort of IPF patients who have preserved FVC, moderately reduced DLCO with or without the presence of coexisting emphysema and over time a quarter of these patients demonstrate lung function decline. <h3>References</h3> CAPACITY Study Group. Pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CAPACITY): two randomised trials. <i>Lancet</i> 2011;377:1760–69 http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/14156/63713/63713.pdf
Abstract 3070: Suppression of tumor cell invasiveness and <i>in vivo</i> tumor growth by microRNA-874 in non-small cell lung cancer.
Authors: Divya Kesanakurti, Dilip Maddirela, Subramanyam Chittivelu, Jasti S. Rao, Chandramu Chetty
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract MicroRNAs are a family of small non-coding RNAs that regulate expression of many genes involved in normal development as well as human disorders including cancer. Here, we show that miR-874 plays a tumor suppressor role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, in silico target prediction analysis revealed numerous pro-oncogenes associated with tumor initiation, angiogenesis, invasion and migration, including MMP-2, uPA, NFAT5, PAK3, PAK7, LIMD, PECAM1, VEGF-A, Stat3, CUX1 and FGF1 as the putative target genes of miR-874. Our preliminary in situ hybridization experiments demonstrated the diminution of miR-874 expression in lung cancer tissues as compared to its normal counterparts. Overexpression of miR-874 in CD133-positive NSCLC cancer stem cell (CSC) population led to a significant loss in CSC phenotype and enhanced sphere de-differentiation into epithelial-like morphology. Restoration of miR-874 expression drastically reduced the invasive ability of cells in comparison to mock and control-miR treated cells by suppressing the protein levels of MMP-2 and uPA. Further, miR-874 treatment decreased orthotopic tumor growth in nude mice as compared to mock and control-miR treatments. Further, in vivo orthotopic tumor experiments in nude mice revealed the significant decrease in the immunoreactivity of human anti-MMP-2 and anti-uPA in miR-874-treated tumor sections. In conclusion, our study highlights the possible tumor suppressor role of miR-874 in NSCLC-initiating cells and suggests miR-874 as a potential target in the future treatment of NSCLC. Citation Format: Divya Kesanakurti, Dilip Maddirela, Subramanyam Chittivelu, Jasti S. Rao, Chandramu Chetty. Suppression of tumor cell invasiveness and in vivo tumor growth by microRNA-874 in non-small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3070. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3070 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Interventricular Septal Defect Due to Blunt Trauma
Authors: Gerard Desforges, Walter H. Abelmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

SEVERE injury secondary to high-speed automobile accidents frequently presents such a complicated picture of bruises, fractures and head injuries that one must devote the initial therapeutic effort simply to the maintenance of life. In this situation evidence of cardiac trauma may not be immediately apparent. Continued observation of such patients is mandatory since some of the cardiac injuries that have occurred actually do not develop into their full-blown state until some time has elapsed. An example of this is the traumatically acquired interventricular septal defect.That this injury may occur secondary to blunt trauma, particularly automobile accidents of the . . .
Endocytoscopy is a promising modality with high diagnostic accuracy for gastric cancer
Authors: Mitsuru Kaise, Yasuo Ohkura, Toshiro Iizuka, Ryusuke Kimura, Kosuke Nomura, Yasutaka Kuribayashi, Akihiro Yamada, Satoshi Yamashita, Tsukasa Furuhata, Daisuke Kikuchi, Osamu Ogawa, Akira Matsui, Toshifumi Mitani, Shu Hoteya
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aim:</b> Endocytoscopy (ECS) enables in vivo microscopic imaging, which allows analysis of mucosal structures at the cellular level; however, limited data are available on the validity of ECS in the stomach. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of ECS in the diagnosis of early gastric cancer. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Gastric lesions that were the targets of histopathological diagnosis by endoscopic submucosal dissection or biopsy specimen were prospectively enrolled and evaluated using a single charge-coupled device-integrated endocytoscope, following double staining with crystal violet and methylene blue. High grade ECS atypia was defined according to specific irregularities in gland structure and cell nuclei. The primary end point was the accuracy of ECS diagnosis for gastric cancer, using histopathological diagnosis as the gold standard. <b>Results:</b> A total of 82 lesions were investigated, including 23 early gastric cancers, 10 gastric adenomas, and 49 non-neoplastic lesions. Ten lesions could not be clearly observed by ECS because of poor staining due to viscous mucus or plaque; thus, assessability rates with ECS were 88 % in total and 91 % for gastric cancer. High grade ECS atypia was observed in 86 % of assessable gastric cancers, but not in any cases of gastric adenomas or non-neoplastic lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of high grade ECS atypia as the criterion for the diagnosis of gastric cancer were 86 %, 100 %, 100 %, and 94 %, respectively. No serious complications occurred during or after the examinations. <b>Conclusion:</b> ECS is a clinically feasible modality to obtain in vivo histology, with high diagnostic accuracy in gastric cancer.