tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment and management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia
Authors: H. C. Kales, L. N. Gitlin, C. G. Lyketsos
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia include agitation, depression, apathy, repetitive questioning, psychosis, aggression, sleep problems, wandering, and a variety of inappropriate behaviors. One or more of these symptoms will affect nearly all people with dementia over the course of their illness. These symptoms are among the most complex, stressful, and costly aspects of care, and they lead to a myriad of poor patient health outcomes, healthcare problems, and income loss for family care givers. The causes include neurobiologically related disease factors; unmet needs; care giver factors; environmental triggers; and interactions of individual, care giver, and environmental factors. The complexity of these symptoms means that there is no "one size fits all solution," and approaches tailored to the patient and the care giver are needed. Non-pharmacologic approaches should be used first line, although several exceptions are discussed. Non-pharmacologic approaches with the strongest evidence base involve family care giver interventions. Regarding pharmacologic treatments, antipsychotics have the strongest evidence base, although the risk to benefit ratio is a concern. An approach to integrating non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments is described. Finally, the paradigm shift needed to fully institute tailored treatments for people and families dealing with these symptoms in the community is discussed.
Case 30-1964
Authors: David C. Poskanzer, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

Presentation of CaseA fifty-six-year-old man entered the hospital because of seizures.Fifteen years previously exertional dyspnea and a cough productive of sputum developed, and x-ray films of the chest revealed pulmonary fibrosis; his occupation was changed to that of a mechanic after twenty-seven years as a pipe fitter. Three years before admission a routine film of the chest (Fig. 1) showed persistence of the changes in the lungs. Two years later methylprednisolone therapy was begun and was continued for eleven months. Two weeks before admission the patient entered another hospital for evaluation and while there had a seizure characterized . . .
Psychiatric disorders in a U.S. urban community: 1975-1976
Authors: M M Weissman, J K Myers, P S Harding
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

The authors point out that new findings in psychiatric genetics and psychopharmacology support the heterogeneity of psychiatric disorders. They present data on the current rates of specific psychiatric disorders, using a recently developed diagnostic technique in a survey conducted in New Haven, Conn., during 1975-1976. The survey showed that depressive disorders are the most common diagnoses.
SP0132 Infection and Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: D. Vassilopoulos
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Recent data regarding the role of emerging infectious agents such as the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in the pathogenesis of certain rheumatic manifestations will be reviewed. Furthermore, in patients with rheumatic diseases that are being treated with biologic agents, the risk of reactivation of certain viruses like hepatitis B virus (HBV) or varicella zoster virus (VZV-causing herpes zoster in adults), seems to be increased. Newer prophylactic treatment strategies for HBV as well as preventive measures by vaccination for herpes zoster have been suggested and will be reviewed. Moreover, the breakthrough advancements last year by the publication of pivotal trials showing the efficacy of different oral direct antivirals in chronic hepatitis C have opened the road for virus eradication and the hope for cure of HCV-associated rheumatic syndromes. Despite appropriate screening for tuberculosis (TB) a number of rheumatic patients still develop TB during chronic biologic therapy (especially with anti-TNF agents). Recent data regarding the potential role of re-screening during therapy for TB prevention will be presented. The need for vaccination in patients with rheumatic diseases should be emphasized as well as recent data showing the safety and efficacy of the human papilloma virus vaccine in young female patients with juvenile arthritis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Intra-arterial hepatic chemotherapy (IAHC) for liver metastases from colorectal cancer: Need of guidelines for catheter positioning, port management, and anti-coagulant therapy
Authors: G. Fiorentini, U. De Giorgi, P. Giovanis, S. Guadagni, M. Cantore, M. Marangolo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2001)
Prediction of postdexamethasone cortisol levels by serum sodium levels in patients with major depression [published erratum appears in Am J Psychiatry 1987 May;144(5):697]
Authors: G D Tollefson, J Zander, M Luxenberg, S Saxena, M Godes, M J Garvey
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

The authors analyzed the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) results of 54 patients with major depressive disorder in relation to their pre-DST levels of cholesterol, sodium, potassium, and blood glucose, which are thought to have adrenocorticotrophic links. Discriminant analysis revealed that sodium alone was a significant predictor of nonsuppression. Validation of the predictive power of sodium could minimize the need for DST administration.
Language acquisition is model-based rather than model-free
Authors: Felix Hao Wang, Toben H Mintz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2016)

Abstract Christiansen &amp; Chater (C&amp;C) propose that learning language is learning to process language. However, we believe that the general-purpose prediction mechanism they propose is insufficient to account for many phenomena in language acquisition. We argue from theoretical considerations and empirical evidence that many acquisition tasks are model-based, and that different acquisition tasks require different, specialized models.
Toll-like receptor 7 agonist induces apoptosis of human B-lineage acute lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: X. Liang, J. Tolar, J. S. Miller, T. W. LeBien, B. R. Blazar, W. Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

3033 Background: Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood leukemia. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effects of TLR7 agonist (imiquimod) against human B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. Methods: Human B-ALL cell lines and purified CD19+CD10+ primary B-ALL cells were analyzed for TLR7 mRNA and protein expression by real-time RT-PCR and by Western blot. In vitro growth and apoptosis of B-ALL cells following TLR7 agonist treatment were determined by cell counts, TMRE staining, Western blot and flow cytometry of the activation/cleavage of caspases. Therapeutic effects of TLR7 agonist against human B-ALL were evaluated in xenograft mouse models, where luciferase-labeled RS4;11 or BLIN-1 cell line were injected into NOD/SCID IL2Rg mice. Cohorts of mice were injected with a lethal dose of RS4;11 or BLIN-1 cells with or without pre-incubation with TLR7 agonist to determine their leukemia development. Therapeutic efficacy of TLR7 agonist was evaluated by determining leukemia cell engraftment, tumor burden, the survival time and rate of the treated mice. Results: Human B-ALL cell lines (6/6 tested) and primary B-ALL cells (8/8 tested) express high levels of TLR7 mRNA and proteins. Triggering TLR7 on B-ALL cells with imiquimod strongly suppresses in vitro growth of B-ALL cell lines (RS4;11, BLIN-1) and induces profound apoptosis of primary B-ALL cells in culture in TLR7 agonist treatment time and dose-dependent manners. Injection of RS4;11 or BLIN-1 leukemia cells into NOD/SCID mice causes disseminated leukemia in multiple organs and resulting in uniform lethality of RS4;11 mice in 8 weeks and BLIN-1 mice in 12 weeks, respectively. Mice receiving TLR7 agonist pretreated B-ALL cells had a significant increase in long-term survival rate and a significant reduction in tumor burden. Administration of TLR7 agonist (daily i.p. injection for 5 days) in mice with B-ALL cells significantly reduced (8.2 to 11.4 fold) leukemia cell burdan and increased long-term survival time and rate of the treated mice. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that TLR7-targeting directly inhibits the growth and induces apoptotic death of human B-ALL cells in vitro and in vivo, providing new insights into the biology and therapy of B-ALL. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
SAT0122 Common and Specific Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease Among 6 Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: L. Rodriguez-Rodriguez, P.P. Perrotti, A. Aterido, J. Tornero, C. Ferrandiz, J.D. Cañete, A. Fernandez-Nebro, J.P. Gisbert, E. Domènech, M. Lόpez-Lasanta, S. Marsal, B. Fernández-Gutiérrez
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Immune mediated and inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) such a rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis (Ps), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), are associated with higher rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality, mostly due to accelerated atherosclerosis. Classic CV risk factors do not fully account for the gap observed in the prevalence and incidence of CV disease, when compared to that of the general population. <h3>Objectives</h3> To analyze the influence of different demographic and clinical variables in the prevalence of CV disease in subjects affected with RA, PsA, Ps, SLE, or inflammatory bowel disease. Additionally, we compared the adjusted prevalence of CV disease among these conditions. <h3>Methods</h3> Subjects included in this cross-sectional study were collected as part of the Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Disease Consortium (IMIDC) between 2007 and 2010. Demographic, disease and cardiovascular related clinical data was collected using a standard protocol of questionnaires, after a clinical interview with close questions and review of medical records. Bivariate and multivariate logistic and mixed-effects logistic regression models were performed for each condition, and the overall IMIDC, respectively. Standardize prevalence (SP) for each IMID was calculated using marginal analysis. <h3>Results</h3> 9951 patients were included. When analyzed separately, traditional CV risk factors had a different contribution to CV disease in each IMID. Overall, when analyzed all subjects, older age at study, longer elapsed time from IMID diagnosis to study, presence of traditional CV risk factors (arterial hypertension, type2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity) and male gender were independently associated with a higher CV disease risk. After adjusting by demographic and traditional CV risk factors, SLE exhibited the highest SP, followed by RA and Ps/Crohn9s disease. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Cardiovascular disease is related to immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. A different impact is shown dependent of particular disease directly affecting the burden of disease. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> We would like to thank all the patients and physicians for their collaboration. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Plantar heel pain
Authors: Martin J Thomas, Hylton B Menz, Christian D Mallen
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Diaryliodonium salts are useful arylating reagents that have been exploited widely.In this Communication, we demonstrate that heating diphenyliodonium triflate in the solvent DMSO leads to an unexpected arylation reaction.It is postulated that arylation of DMSO at oxygen, followed by a thia-Sommelet-Hauser rearrangement, leads to the formation of 2-thiomethylphenols.More substituted diaryliodonium salts and cyclic diaryliodonium salts are shown to be more stable and less likely to react with DMSO.In conclusion, when using iodonium salts dissolved in DMSO, beware of side-reactions.
PTU-043 Endoscopic findings in subjects undergoing multiple index colonoscopies within the bcsp: Abstract PTU-043 Table 1
Authors: E Burke, K Brinchmann, L Philipps, G Smith, J Martin
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Subjects who have an abnormal FOBt within the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) are offered surveillance following their initial index colonoscopy (IC) in line with National Guidance. High risk (1 year surveillance): 5 or more adenomas or 3 adenomas including one &gt;1 cm. Medium risk (3 year surveillance): one adenoma &gt; 1 cm or 3–4 adenomas. Low risk (No surveillance, but sent a further FOBt kit in 2 years): less than 3 adenomas. The aim of this study was to document the colonoscopic findings in individuals who attended for more than one IC within the BCSP. <h3>Method</h3> All subjects who had a colonoscopy within the BCSP between the period 1/10/2007 to 31/1/2015 were identified from the endoscopy database (Scorpio). This dataset was refined to include only subjects in whom the initial colonoscopy did not satisfy the criteria for surveillance. These reports were examined to confirm subsequent procedures were a consequence of a further abnormal FOBt and the findings for all procedures on these individuals were recorded. <h3>Results</h3> 3653 ICs were performed within the study period. 64 subjects (1.8%) satisfied the entry criteria. 58 (90.6%) subjects had a second IC after 2 years and 6 (9.4%) subjects after 4 years. 3 (4.7%) subjects had 2 further examinations at 2 and 4 years. The findings from the second IC in all subjects are shown in the Table 1below. 19 subjects (29.7%) had low risk findings at the second IC and 8 subjects (12.5%) had medium risk findings, triggering surveillance. In 7 of these 3 or more adenomas were found, but 1 subject had a 1 cm adenoma after a normal IC. No patients had high risk findings. Adenomas were found more commonly at the second IC in subjects with adenomas at the first IC, compared to individuals with no adenomas at the first IC, (p &lt; 0.05 Fishers Exact Test). In the 3 patients who had a third IC, 2 had no adenomas, one following a normal examination and one following a low risk examination. One subject had low risk findings after a previous low risk examination. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Approximately 2% of subjects within the BCSP underwent 2 or more ICs. High risk findings were not seen in this cohort, suggesting that ceasing screening for subjects with a low risk first IC will not result in the early development of malignancy. However, 42.2% of subjects had adenomas removed at subsequent examinations, conferring potential benefits for future cancer prevention. This presumed benefit needs to be balanced against the increased workload of offering recurrent FOB testing, particularly in the context of the increasing pressure within the BCSP from the introduction of Bowel Scope and possibly FIT. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
FRI0630-HPR Assessment of Disease Activity in Rheumatic Patients by Rheumatology Nurses- Feasibility Study of Validity and Practicability
Authors: M. Salomon, I. Litinsky, R. Almog, O. Elkayam
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is based upon the principle of treat-to-target, which requires the measurement of disease activity scores (DAS) every 3 months in order to adjust the treatment. DAS are often performed by non-rheumatologists. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate DAS as measured by rheumatologic nurses in the evaluation of patients with RA, PsA and AS. <h3>Methods</h3> The study was performed in the Department of Rheumatology of Tel Aviv Medical Center and included 3 steps. Step 1: review of 75 files of patients with RA, PsA and AS in order to evaluate the real performance of the DAS. Step 2: Training nurses to perform DAS. Step 3: comparison of the performance of DAS between a rheumatologist and a nurse on a random sample of patients with RA, PsA and AS <h3>Results</h3> Data were retrieved from the files of 50 RA patients, 16 PsA patients and 20 AS patients. DAS was measured by physicians in 30% RA,18% PsA and 70% AS patients. Step2: 2 days were scheduled for training nurses to perform DAS-28 and to help patients respond tol the BASDAI questionnaire. Step 3: performance of DAS-28 for RA and PsA patients, and BASDAI for AS patients. Sixty–six RA patients (mean age: 57±16 years, 68% females), 20 PsA patients (mean age: 58±11 years, 45% females) and 16 AS patients (mean age: 52.2±12 years, 45% females) were evaluated. There were no significant differences in the swollen joint count (2.4±1.3 vs 1.9±1.4), tender joint count (4±4.5 vs 4.8±4.4), patient VAS (30.7±25 vs 31±26) and DAS-28 (3.6±1.6 vs 3.5±1.6) in the RA patients as measured by rheumatologists and nurses. Similar results were observed for PsA patients. For AS patients, since the he BASDAI was filled in by the AS patientsno difference was noticed. <h3>Conclusions</h3> After adequate training, nurses are able to measure DAS similarly to rheumatologists. DAS performance by rheumatologic nurses may improve the application of the principle of treat to target. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Seventeen years of intervention epidemiology training at Veyrier-du-Lac, 1984-2000
Authors: P Malfait, B Helynck
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2001)

Early in the 1980s, those involved in public health held symposiums to assess the training of epidemiologists in France showed inadequacies in the teaching of field epidemiology. Hitherto epidemiology in France had been largely confined to research. Evolution of public health practice, with an increasing demand to base decisions on epidemiological data, made it necessary to develop a network of intervention epidemiologists trained to work with standardised methods.
SP0235 How to Develop Quality Indicators
Authors: A. Woolf
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Over the last decade, patients with rheumatic diseases have seen a dramatic change in the possibilities for diagnosis and treatment. For RA this includes diagnosis, pharmacological and surgical treatment, and rehabilitation. For OA, new strategies for education and self-management and exercise programmes and optimized surgical treatment. These are reflected in numerous evidence-based guidelines and recommendations developed during the last 10 years but poor adherence to treatment guidelines and large variations in quality of care has been reported. A way to quantify health care quality is by use of validated health care quality indicators (HCQIs) which measure the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current best practice. HCQIs can be related to the structural characteristics of the health care system and providers, processes in how providers deliver care, or outcomes of health care. HCQIs may be developed from literature search, evidence-based guidelines, and expert opinion by scientific societies and health care organizations incorporating scientists, health care providers as well as patient representatives. They may improve quality of arthritis care by various mechanisms. Their usage may raise awareness among individual practitioners regarding gaps in their service. Governments and health care funders are increasingly rewarding clinicians for efficiency, quality and safety in health care, and therefore measurable aspects of health care structures, processes and outcomes are needed. In addition the public want to be able to make informed choices about the care they receive. The EUMUSC.NET project (www.eumusc.net) developed HCQIs for OA and RA to improve the health of EU citizens. The aim is to bridge the gap between evidence-based guidelines and clinical practice by developing patient-centred standards of care (SOC) and HCQIs to assess whether they are being delivered by the healthcare system. To develop the SOC existing guidelines for OA and RA were reviewed and the key components identified and deveopled into a set of standards of what care people should expect to receive. To develop HCQIs, an inventory of the quality and content of currently available sets of HCQIs for RA and OA was initially undertaken by a systematic literature review. Their contents were analysed and categorised according to the SOC developed within eumusc.net. To ensure comprehensvieness and appropriateness, an expert panel comprising of healthcare providers and patient representatives reviewed and added to the proposed HCQIs. A Delphi process was then used by email to rank the topics and an expert meeting to rephrase suggested HCQIs. Numerators and the denominators for each HCQI were defined. To ensure feasibility an audit process was undertaken by rheumatology units in six countries. The next step is to use these HCQI to benchmark care in countries across Europe to drive up quality and ensure equity. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
THU0490 Arterial Stiffness and Ankle-Brachial Index in Patients With Osteoarthrtis-No Evidence of Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Table 1
Authors: S.A. Provan, S. Rollefstad, E. Ikdahl, I.J. Berg, T.K. Kvien, I. Haugen, A.G. Semb, N. Østerås
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Osteoarthritis (OA) may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate whether clinical OA is associated with increased arterial stiffness or a pathological ankle-brachial index (ABI). <h3>Methods</h3> Residents of Ullensaker municipality, aged 40- 79 years were mailed a questionnaire concerning musculoskeletal pain. Respondents with self-reported OA were invited to a comprehensive medical examination including assessments of CVD risk. Hip, knee and hand OA was diagnosed according to ACR clinical classification criteria (1). A dichotomized variable; presence vs absence of OA, and an composite variable; number of joints with OA, were constructed. The augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV), two validated markers of arterial stiffness and CVD, were recorded by the sphygmocor apparatus. ABI, a marker of atherosclerosis, was estimated and dichotomized according to standardized cut-off levels. The association of the constructed OA variables to PWV, AIx, systolic BP and ABI were examined in linear and logistical regression models respectively. Education, body mass index (BMI), smoking, presence of diabetes, prior CVD, use of statin/antihypertensive medication, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), presence of clinical hip, knee and hand were successively entered as possible covariates in age and gender adjusted models. Variables associated with the dependent variable at p≤0.1 were entered into multivariate models. OA variables were re-entered into the final multivariate models. <h3>Results</h3> 630 respondents had self-reported OA. Mean age (SD) 63.9 (8.8). 438 (69.5%) were female. 257 were subsequently diagnosed with clinical OA. There were no associations between clinical OA and markers of CVD risk (Table) and presence of OA was not significantly related to the outcomes in the final multivariate models. In multivariate analyses: PWV was associated to age (β(SE)) (0.10 (0.01)), male sex (-0.09 (0.19)), diabetes (1.37 (0.36)), smoking (-0.53 (0.25)), BMI (0.03 (0.01)), systolic BP (0.05 (0.01)) and CRP (0.07 (0.02)), AIx was associated to age (0.35 (0.04)), male sex (-7.19 (0.71)), smoking (-3.89 (0.97)) and diastolic BP (0.25 (0.04)). Systolic BP was associated to age (0.71 (0.09)), male sex (2.92 (0.17)), education (-0.01 (0.01)) and use of statins/antihypertensive medications (4.48 (1.63)). ABI was associated to age (OR (SE))(1.03 (0.02)), male sex (2.06 (0.36)), CRP (1.10 (0.04)) and diabetes (3.77 (0.58)) <h3>Conclusions</h3> We found no evidence of increased risk of CVD in patients with clinical OA when compared to respondents with self-reported OA. <h3>References</h3> Østerås N, The MUST protocol BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2013 14:201 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared