tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incidentally Detected Intestinal Malrotation on Hepatobiliary Scan in a Patient With Bile Duct Injury
Authors: SEOK KIL ZEON, JONG GEOL RYU, SOON KIM, TAE JIN LIM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

A 56-year-old woman had bilious discharge 48 hours after laparoscopic cholecystectomy because of acute cholecystitis. Tc-99m DISIDA hepatobiliary scan showed proximal intestinal loops of the duodenum and jejunum in the right abdomen and a biliary leakage from the gallbladder bed to the drainage tube. It also showed a photopenic space-occupying lesion at the inferior tip of the right hepatic lobe that was diagnosed as a simple cyst at the time of the laparoscopic procedure. Exploratory laparotomy showed bile leakage from the right hepatic biliary duct and intestinal malrotation.
Culture-Independent Diagnosis of<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>Using Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Milton R. Tam, Walter E. Stamm, H. Hunter Handsfield, Richard Stephens, Cho-Chou Kuo, King K. Holmes, Kay Ditzenberger, Monica Krieger, Robert C. Nowinski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

To simplify the diagnosis of chlamydial genital infection, we used a fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibody in immunofluorescence tests on smears prepared from urethral or cervical secretions obtained directly from patients. This direct test, requiring less than 30 minutes to perform, was based on the detection of extracellular chlamydial elementary bodies. A comparison of the direct test with cultures stained with iodine on specimens from 926 patients demonstrated a sensitivity of 93 per cent and a specificity of 96 per cent. The direct test provides a rapid, simple, and sensitive method for the diagnosis of chlamydial infection, which can be performed in laboratories that do not have tissue-culture capability.
Insulin Sensitivity in Patients with NIDDM and the A-to-G Mutation at Nucleotide 3,243 of the Mitochondrial IRNALeu(UUR) Gene
Authors: Naoko Iwasaki, Taro Wasada, Yoshiatsu Takahashi, Tetsuya Babazono, Hisako Ohgawara, Yasue Omori
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)
OP0192 Sirtuin Deacetylase 2 Inhibition Suppresses Inflammatory Activation of Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes and IFN-Γ–Differentiated Macrophages
Authors: E. Mohammadi, C. Angiolilli, P. Kabala, P.P. Tak, D. Baeten, F. Husseini Shirazi, K. Reedquist
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by proliferation of synovial fibroblasts (FLS), activation of these cells by synovial macrophages (Mϕ), and production of pro-inflammatory proteins. As genetic backgrounds do not completely explain the etiology of RA, a growing attention has focused on potential epigenetic contributions to inflammation. <h3>Objectives</h3> Here we examined the role of the closely related epigenetic regulatory proteins sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and sirtuin 2 (Sirt2), class III histone deacetylases, in the inflammatory activation of RA FLS and human macrophages. <h3>Methods</h3> Sirt1 and Sirt2 mRNA and protein expression was measured in RA FLS following stimulation with IL-1β and TNF-α. RA-FLS production of IL-6, IL-8, MMP-1 and MMP-3 mRNA and protein expression in response to IL-1β, in the absence or presence of specific inhibitors for Sirt1 and Sirt2, was measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and ELISA. The expression of 84 genes regulated by IL-1β in RA FLS were analyzed by qPCR array in the presence or absence of Sirt2-specific inhibitor. Monocytes obtained from healthy volunteers were differentiated into either M1 or M2 macrophages with human recombinant IFN-γ or IL-10 for 7 days. Macrophage production of IL-6 and IL-8 in response to LPS stimulation in the absence or presence of Sirt inhibitors was assessed by ELISA. <h3>Results</h3> The expression of Sirt1 was enhanced following RA FLS IL-1β stimulation, while Sirt2 expression was significantly reduced (p&lt;0.05). Pharmacological inhibition of Sirt2, but not Sirt1, significantly reduced RA FLS expression of IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-3 mRNA, in response to IL-1β stimulation (p&lt;0.05), an effect mimicked at the protein level. qPCR array analysis demonstrated that mRNA expression of 18 of 84 genes induced by IL-1β in RA FLS (n=3) were significantly reduced by 50% or more in the presence of Sirt2 inhibitor. Furthermore Sirt2 inhibitor reduced LPS-induced levels of IL-8 in IFN-γ–but not IL-10–differentiated macrophages. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our studies identify Sirt2 as a novel epigenetic regulator of inflammatory activation of macrophages and RA FLS. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> E. Mohammadi: None declared, C. Angiolilli: None declared, P. Kabala: None declared, P. Tak Shareholder of: GlaxoSmithKline, Employee of: GlaxoSmithKline, D. Baeten: None declared, F. Husseini Shirazi: None declared, K. Reedquist: None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4012
SAT0478 Effect of Complete Spinal Cord Injury on Bone Turnover and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Evolution. A One Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: L. Gifre, J. Vidal, E. Portell, A. Monegal, A. Muxi, N. Guañabens, P. Peris
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Spinal cord injury (SCI) has been associated with marked bone loss and an increased risk of fractures under the SCI level. <h3>Objectives</h3> To analyze the effect of recent complete SCI on bone turnover and BMD evolution and factors related to bone loss. <h3>Methods</h3> Prospective study including patients with complete motor SCI (ASIA A or B) (&lt;6 months). Bone turnover markers (bone formation: P1NP, bone ALP; resorption: sCTx) and BMD (lumbar spine and femur (DXA)) were assessed in all patients at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. Risk factors for osteoporosis, SCI level (paraplegia/tetraplegia), lesion type (spastic/flaccid), SCI severity (ASIA score) and fractures were evaluated, comparing results with a control group. <h3>Results</h3> 42 patients (40M:2F) (mean age 35±14years) were included 100±33days after SCI (ASIA A 39:B 3). 55% had paraplegia and 78% spasticity. 24 were followed-up at 6 months and 22 at 12 months. Compared to controls, bone turnover markers were markedly increased just after SCI (P1NP:194±124 vs. 50±19ng/ml,p&lt;0.001; bone ALP:15±7 vs. 12±4ng/ml,p=0.04; sCTx1.48±0.52 vs. 0.49±0.23ng/ml,p&lt;0.001), with maintained, although with less increased, values at 6 and 12 months. BMD decreased progressively at proximal femur (-13±5% at 6months, p&lt;0.001; -20±8% at 12months, p&lt;0.001), with no significant changes at lumbar BMD. At 12 months 59% of the SCI patients presented densitometric osteoporosis. Patients with higher sCTX values after SCI (3rd tertile) had the highest femur BMD loss at 12 months (-23%). No relationship was observed between BMD and bone marker changes, or SCI level or lesion type. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Patients with complete SCI have increased bone turnover after injury with marked bone loss under the injury level of ∼-20% of BMD at the proximal femur at one year, being more marked in individuals with the highest sCTX levels. Awareness of this complication and its therapeutic approach are mandatory. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> Work funded by a grant from Fundaciό La Maratό de TV3. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5116
SP0111 What are innate lympoid cells and what do they do
Authors: T. Cupedo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are immune cells that lack a specific antigen receptor yet can produce an array of effector cytokines that in variety match those of T helper cell subsets. ILCs function in lymphoid organogenesis, tissue remodeling, antimicrobial immunity, and inflammation, particularly at barrier surfaces. Their ability to promptly respond to microbial insults signifies the critical role of ILC in first-line immunological defenses. In this lecture I will discuss the main characteristics and the immunological functions of Rorγt-expressing ILC that are involved in lymphoid tissue formation, mucosal immunity and perhaps also in formation of tertiary lymphoid tissues during chronic inflammation. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Genetic variants in ANCA-associated vasculitis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Chinar Rahmattulla, Antien L Mooyaart, Daphne van Hooven, Jan W Schoones, Jan A Bruijn, Olaf M Dekkers, Ingeborg M Bajema
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Genetic factors may influence the pathogenic pathways leading to antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). We performed a meta-analysis to determine the genetic variants most likely associated with AAV and investigated whether diagnostic and serological subtypes within AAV have distinct genetic backgrounds.Studies investigating the association between genetic variants and AAV in humans were searched in PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. All variants investigated in at least two studies were selected. Subsequently, all studies assessing these variants were included in this meta-analysis. Additionally, data on these variants from the largest genome-wide association studies in AAV were included to increase the validity of this meta-analysis.The literature search yielded 5180 articles. 62 articles investigating 140 genetic variants were included, 33 of which were associated with AAV in a meta-analysis. These genetic variants were in or near the following genes: CD226, CTLA-4, FCGR2A, HLA-B, HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR, HSD17B8, IRF5, PTPN22, RING1/RXRB, RXRB, STAT4, SERPINA1 and TLR9. Moreover, we identified genetic distinctions between granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis and between proteinase 3 ANCA vasculitis and myeloperoxidase ANCA vasculitis. In 76% of the genetic variants, subdivision based on ANCA serotype resulted in higher ORs than subdivision based on clinical diagnosis.This meta-analysis identified 33 genetic variants associated with AAV, supporting a role for alpha-1-antitrypsin, the major histocompatibility complex system, and several distinct inflammatory processes in AAV pathogenesis. Our results indicate that subdivision of AAV based on ANCA serotype has a stronger genetic basis than subdivision based on clinical diagnosis.
Efficacy of Carotid Endarterectomy for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis
Authors: Robert W. Hobson, David G. Weiss, William S. Fields, Jerry Goldstone, Wesley S. Moore, Jonathan B. Towne, Creighton B. Wright
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The efficacy of carotid endarterectomy in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis has not been confirmed in randomized clinical trials, despite the widespread use of operative intervention in such patients.
Make children move
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2013)

As a child, I was good at sport but not spelling. I believe sport is fundamental to childhood; who cares if you can’t spell? But we all believe in the things we are good at. 

British children are not reaching activity targets.1 Although reports suggest that this is a problem only for girls,2 boys did just 12 minutes more daily activity. This sedentary lifestyle is a problem for all our children. Other reports say that children watch two hours of television a night. In addition, half of boys …
Risk of arterial (ATE) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in a population-based cohort of bevacizumab-treated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients.
Authors: Irene S. Yu, Leo Chen, Winson Y. Cheung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

9624 Background: Bevacizumab potentiates the risk of ATE and VTE in cancer patients who are in a prothrombotic state. Whether there are specific factors that add to this risk and how bevacizumab-related thromboembolisms are best managed remain unclear. Our objectives were to 1) characterize the incidence of ATE and VTE in a population-based cohort of mCRC patients, 2) describe patient and treatment factors associated with thromboembolisms, and 3) examine how ATE and VTE are managed in routine practice. Methods: All patients diagnosed with mCRC from 2006 to 2008, evaluated at 1 of 5 regional cancer centers in British Columbia, and offered bevacizumab were included. Multivariate regression models were constructed to explore the associations between clinical factors and thromboembolisms. Results: A total of 541 mCRC patients were identified: 27 never started bevacizumab and 14 were lost to follow-up. Of the 500 remaining patients: median age was 61 years (IQR 53-67), 297 (59%) were men, 309 (62%) had ECOG 0/1, and 39 (8%) reported prior ATE or VTE. Median number of bevacizumab cycles was 11 (IQR 7-15). After receiving bevacizumab, 91 (18%) patients developed 12 ATE and 88 VTE, with 8 patients experiencing &gt;1 event. Baseline characteristics, such as median age (61 vs 61 years), gender distribution (61 vs 58% men), and ECOG 0/1 (66 vs 58%) were similar between patients with and without thromboembolisms, respectively (all p&gt;0.05). In regression models, individuals who experienced ATE or VTE were more likely to have a prior history (14 vs 6%, p=0.02), reported greater pre-existing cardiac comorbidities (42 vs 32%, p=0.05), and received a higher median number of bevacizumab cycles (13 vs 9, p&lt;0.01), suggesting a potential dose-related effect. Following the development of ATE or VTE, management varied: bevacizumab was discontinued in 46%, held temporarily in 14%, and continued in 40% of patients. Conclusions: In this population-based cohort, the thromboembolism risk is high, especially in patients with pre-existing risk factors and those heavily treated with bevacizumab. Management of bevacizumab-related ATE and VTE appears variable, underscoring the need for guidelines.
Abstract 229: A cross-species approach to identifying genetic modifiers of BRCA1-associated breast cancer risk
Authors: Hsien-Ming Hu, Uliana Voytovich, Amanda G. Paulovich
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Although carriers of germline mutations of BRCA1 have a high risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers, penetrance is not complete, and it is likely that unidentified genes modify the risk for individual mutation carriers. We hypothesize that genes that modify the penetrance of cancer in BRCA1 carriers interact with BRCA1 mutations to confer increased sensitivity to DNA damage at the cellular level, and that cellular sensitivity to DNA damage can be used as an intermediate phenotype to predict breast cancer susceptibility in humans. Objective: Our goal is to test a cross-species systems biology approach to predict gene-gene interactions underlying breast cancer susceptibility, using sensitivity to DNA damage as an intermediate phenotype. Experiment Procedure: The yeast RAD9 gene is one putative homolog of the human breast tumor suppressor gene BRCA1. We conducted a genome-wide screen to identify genes that interact with a rad9 mutation to confer enhanced sensitivity to DNA damage. The yeast screen identified 25 interactions, from which we selected 10 candidate gene-gene interactions to be tested in human breast epithelial cells. To determine if the gene-gene interactions discovered in yeast are conserved in human mammary epithelial cells, we built stable human mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A) capable of single- or double-gene knockdown via lentivirus-mediated RNA interference. Cells confirmed for intended gene knockdown were subject to a clonogenic assay to determine if increased sensitivity to DNA damage can be observed in double gene vs. single gene knockdowns. Results: Among the 10 pairs of interactions tested in MCF10A cells, two genes, HLTF and MGMT, were found to interact with BRCA1 to confer enhanced DNA damage sensitivity, based on a clonogenic assay. Cells with combined knockdown of BRCA1 and HLTF show increased sensitivity to a chronic low dose of MMS treatment compared with those with only single knockdown of BRCA1 or HLTF. In addition, distinct morphological features were observed in double knockdown cells with MMS treatment. Cells became enlarged and showed a flat, senescence-like morphology. Even a low concentration of 0.001% MMS induced a strong and irreversible growth arrest in cells with combined knockdown of BRCA1 and HLTF, but not in the single knockdown cells. Conclusion: Our results suggest that it is feasible to use a cross-species (yeast-to-human) comparative systems genetics strategy to identify gene-gene and pathway-pathway interactions. Ongoing studies are aimed at determining whether any of the observed gene-gene interactions contribute to breast cancer penetrance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 229. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-229
Nosocomial Acquisition of<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Infection
Authors: Lynne V. McFarland, Maury E. Mulligan, Richard Y.Y. Kwok, Walter E. Stamm
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

We studied the acquisition and transmission of Clostridium difficile infection prospectively on a general medical ward by serially culturing rectal-swab specimens from 428 patients admitted over an 11-month period. Immunoblot typing was used to differentiate individual strains of C. difficile. Seven percent of the patients (29) had positive cultures at admission. Eighty-three (21 percent) of the 399 patients with negative cultures acquired C. difficile during their hospitalizations. Of these patients, 52 (63 percent) remained asymptomatic and 31 (37 percent) had diarrhea; none had colitis. Patient-to-patient transmission of C. difficile was evidenced by time–space clustering of incident cases with identical immunoblot types and by significantly more frequent and earlier acquisition of C. difficile among patients exposed to roommates with positive cultures. Of the hospital personnel caring for patients with positive cultures, 59 percent (20) had positive cultures for C. difficile from their hands. The hospital rooms occupied by symptomatic patients (49 percent) as well as those occupied by asymptomatic patients (29 percent) were frequently contaminated. Eighty-two percent of the infected cohort still had positive cultures at hospital discharge, and such patients were significantly more likely to be discharged to a long-term care facility. We conclude that nosocomial C. difficile infection, which was associated with diarrhea in about one third of cases, is frequently transmitted among hospitalized patients and that the organism is often present on the hands of hospital personnel caring for such patients. Effective preventive measures are needed to reduce nosocomial acquisition of C. difficile. (N Engl J Med 1989; 320:204–10.)
AGE-GENDER PREDICTED EXERCISE CAPACITY PROVIDES INCREMENTAL PROGNOSTIC UTILITY IN PATIENTS WITH ≥3+ AORTIC REGURGITATION AND PRESERVED LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC FUNCTION AND DIMENSIONS: AN EXERCISE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC STUDY
Authors: Amgad G. Mentias, Alaa Alashi, Ke Feng, L. Leonardo Rodriguez, A. Gillinov, Joseph Sabik, Lars Svensson, Brian Griffin, Milind Desai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
A10.17 Interleukin-20 serum levels correlate with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients and decrease in response to rituximab treatment
Authors: L Vernerová, L Andrés Cerezo, H Hulejová, K Pavelka, J Vencovský, L Šenolt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Interleukin 20 (IL-20), a member of IL-10 cytokine family, is a pleiotropic cytokine promoting inflammation, angiogenesis, chemotaxis and is implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, serum levels of IL-20 were analysed in relation to disease activity and response to therapy in active patients with established RA who started biologic therapy with rituximab (RTX). <h3>Materials and methods</h3> IL-20 serum levelswere analysed in 27 RA patients (24 females) at baseline and after 16 weeks of treatment; and in 49 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. RA disease activity at baseline and after the treatment was assessed using DAS-28, CRP levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), total swollen joint count (SJC) and tender joint count (TJC). IL-20 serum concentrations were analysed by ELISA. <h3>Results</h3> Baseline levels of IL-20 were significantly higher in RA patients compared to healthy individuals [73.54 (38.69–172.0)vs. 27.55 (15.42–72.92) pg/ml, p &lt; 0.0024] and decreased after 16 weeks of RTX therapy [from 73.54 (38.69–172.0) to 61.94 (31.48–103.8) pg/ml, p = 0.040]. When analysed separately according to presence of autoantibodies, the decrease in IL-20 after RTX therapy was significant only in seropositive (RF+ and ACPA+, N&nbsp;=&nbsp;20) patients [from 75.11 (44.70–180.9) to 61.94 (31.48–103.8), p = 0.043], but not in seronegative patients [from 51.53 (7.25–107.8) to 63.35 (23.30–102.9), p = 0.625]. Moreover, baseline IL-20 levels significantly correlated with DAS28 (r = 0.491, p = 0.008), CRP (r = 0.507, p = 0.006), ESR (r = 0.422, p = 0.025) and SJC (r = 0.376, p = 0.049). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Circulating IL-20 levels are higher in RA patients compared to healthy individuals, correlate with disease activityand decrease in response to RTX therapy in seropositive patients. Based on these data, it can be speculated that IL-20 plays a role in RA pathology and is influenced by B cell depleting therapy. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> project of MHCR for conceptual development of a research organisation (00023728).
ATRIAL HIGH RATE EPISODES AND SILENT ISCHEMIC BRAIN LESIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC IMPLANTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES: UNMASKING SILENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION EMBOLIC RISK
Authors: Juan Benezet-Mazuecos, Jose Antonio Iglesias, Marcelino Cortes, Juan Jose de la Vieja, Miguel Angel Quiñones, Pepa Sanchez-Borque, Jose Manuel Rubio
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Incontinence after colonoscopy - an unrecognized and preventable problem. A cross-sectional study from the Gastronet quality assurance program
Authors: G. Hoff, V. Moritz, M. Bretthauer, L. Aabakken, I. Berset, T. Glomsaker, O. Høie, T. de Lange
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

<b>Background:</b> Colonoscopy requires insufflation of gas for visualization of the bowel wall. Worldwide, this is usually done using air. The aim of the present study was to assess the risk of postcolonoscopy incontinence, and to investigate whether insufflation of CO<sub>2</sub> instead of air may reduce this risk, since it is easily absorbed through the bowel mucosa. <b>Methods:</b> This is a prospective multicenter study of colonoscopy patients undergoing bowel insufflation using air or CO<sub>2</sub>. A successive series of colonoscopies were reported to a national quality assurance program in Norway between January and December 2009 from 21 endoscopy centers with varying insufflation practices. The study comprised 7812 patients aged 18 years or older who were referred for outpatient colonoscopy. Of these, 5015 underwent colonoscopy performed using air and 2797 colonoscopy using CO<sub>2</sub> insufflation. <b>Results:</b> Patient-reported incontinence up to 24 h after colonoscopy was compared using binary logistic regression analysis for the type of gas used for insufflation. The air and CO<sub>2</sub> patient groups were comparable with regard to age, sex, indication for colonoscopy, and sedation practice. Incontinence was reported by 336 out of 7812 patients (4.3 %). Incontinence was significantly less frequent in the CO<sub>2</sub> group than in the air group [2.1 % versus 5.5 %; adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.38; 95 %CI 0.28 – 0.50; <i>P</i> < 0.001]. Female patients had a higher risk of incontinence than men (adjusted OR 1.77; 95 % CI 1.39 – 2.24; <i>P</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusion:</b> About every 20th patient undergoing colonoscopy using standard air insufflation experiences postexamination incontinence. This proportion can be reduced by 60 % by converting from air insufflation to insufflation with the absorbable CO<sub>2</sub>.