tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
O2.03 * TARGET DELINEATION IN GLIOBLASTOMA: IS PREOPERATIVE AUTOMATIC COMPARABLE TO EXPERT BASED SEGMENTATION?
Authors: A. Pica, D. Terribilini, N. Porz, M. Reyes, J. Slotboom, R. Wiest, S. Bauer
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate preoperative automatic structure segmentation of glioblastoma patients undergoing radiation therapy in clinical practice. METHOD: Automatic tumor segmentation was performed on preoperative MR images using the Brain Tumor Software Analysis (BraTumIA) software (www.istb.unibe.ch). We compared manual tumor volumetry based on postoperative MR images of 14 GBM patients (7 patients received 60 Gy/30 fractions; 7 other patients received 39.9 Gy/15 fractions) to the automatic approach. We employed four standard MRI sequences (T1, T1contrast, T2 and FLAIR) in order to segment the tumor sub-compartments (contrast enhancing tumor; CET, necrosis, non enhancing tumor; NET and edema). Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and Mean Surface Distance (MSD) were calculated to evaluate the quality of segmentations. For the evaluation of the dose deposition in GTV, CTV, CET, necrosis, NET and edema, an analysis of the following dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters has been performed: D2%, D90%, D95%, D98% (dose exceeded in 2%, 90%, 95%, 98% of the volume) and Dmean (mean dose). Furthermore, the same DVH analysis of the composite structure “complete tumor volume +” (TV +) encompassing the CET, the necrosis, the NET and the edema has also been carried out. Based on these histograms a homogeneity index (HI) has been defined as HI = (D2% - D98%) / Dp * 100 where Dp is the prescribed dose. RESULT: DSC and MSD mean/SD overlap between automatic segmentation and manual contours was 0.52 ± 0.20; 5.1 ± 4.0 mm for necrotic tissue combined with CET vs GTV;0.62 ± 0.18 and 8.2 ± 5.1 mm for TV+ vs CTV, respectively. No significant differences were observed between means of D2% D90% D95%, D98% and Dmean in GTV, CET and necrosis. Differences were found between the means of D98% in CTV60Gy and TV + 60Gy (p = 0.006) and CTV39.9Gy and TV + 39.9Gy (p = 0.033). Despite a good mean HI in PTV (8.1 ± 3.0) %, we found a higher mean value for TV+ (49.7 ± 41.1)%. These findings were due to false positives in the segmentation of the edema compartment of the TV+ in 4 out of 14 patients. This could indicate a weakness of BraTumIA in the segmentation of the edema compartment. CONCLUSION: Automated volumetry on preoperative MR revealed only subtle volume differences for the necrotic and enhancing tumor segments and postoperatively delineated GTV, whereas non-enhancing tumor plus edema volumes vs CTV were discordant. The DVH evaluation highlighted an underdosage of the edema in the D98% regions causing high HI values. Our data suggest that preoperative automatic volumetry adds converging information to adapt CTV of patients with GBM (including CET, necrosis and NET). The incorporation of the complete edema into the target volume has still to be addressed.
P13.18 * CYSTIC EVOLUTION OF PILOCYTIC ASTROCYTOMA AFTER BRACHITHERAPY - A CASE REPORT
Authors: C. Menghetti, E. Zekaj, D. Servello, G. Broggi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

The Authors present the case of a young lady with a relapse of a pilocytic astrocytoma of the left thalamo-mesencefalic region. The first diagnosis was performed at the age of 7 years in relation to right hemiparesis. The patient underwent to brachitherapy with reduction of neoplasia and remission of neurologic symptoms for 27 years. Actually the patient presents, one month after the childbirth of her son, a progressive hypostenia to right arm and in a second time hypostenia to right leg and deficit of facial nerve. The MRI showed an important cystic lesion in the left thalamic region with compression on the ventricular system and gadolinium captation of a caudal solid area. The patient underwent to stereotactic puncture of the cistic lesion and positioning of Rickam catheter with remission of liquoral system compression. The Author present the case with discussion of literature results.
Induction of Puberty in Men by Long-Term Pulsatile Administration of Low-Dose Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Authors: Andrew R. Hoffman, William F. Crowley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Puberty is heralded by the appearance of episodic gonadotropin secretion. Men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism have an abnormality in gonadotropin release and do not undergo normal puberty. Since idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is thought to represent a disorder of gonadotropin-releasing-hormone (GnRH) secretion, we used long-term low-dose subcutaneous GnRH, administered in an episodic fashion by a portable infusion pump, in an effort to establish a normal adult pattern of gonadotropin secretion in six men. All subjects noted spontaneous erections, nocturnal emissions, and breast tenderness, which were associated with elevations of serum testosterone levels (77±13 ng per deciliter [mean ±S.E.] before therapy vs. 520±182 ng after one month of treatment; P<0.001). Gonadotropin levels rose to normal adult ranges within one week of therapy and to supraphysiologic levels by 14 days. Testis size increased in four patients, and spermatogenesis was achieved in three patients by 43 weeks of therapy. These results suggest that long-term episodic GnRH administration can reverse idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. (N Engl J Med. 1982; 307:1237–41.)
Growth Hormone Treatment for Short Stature
Authors: Guy Van Vliet, Dennis M. Styne, Selna L. Kaplan, Melvin M. Grumbach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Fifteen short but otherwise normal children, 4.3 to 15.5 years old, with heights >3 S.D. below the mean value for age, growth rates ≤5.0 cm per year, and normal serum levels of immunoreactive growth hormone in response to provocative stimuli (peak ≥10 ng per milliliter) were treated with intramuscular injections of pituitary growth hormone (0.1 U per kilogram) three times weekly for six months, as were 14 children with documented growth hormone deficiency. In all the latter children growth rate increased by more than 2.0 cm per year during treatment. In 6 of the 14 short normal children who remained prepubertal, growth rate also increased, by 2.2 to 4.2 cm per year during treatment; four of these children had normal base-line serum somatomedin C concentrations. In both short normal children and children with growth hormone deficiency, the increment in serum somatomedin C concentrations after 4 or 10 daily injections of growth hormone correlated with bone age but not with later growth or growth hormone levels. Among the short normal children, those who responded to growth hormone were younger and had a greater delay in bone age and a slower pretreatment growth rate than the nonresponders. These observations suggest that a dose of growth hormone comparable to that used for the treatment of hypopituitarism increases growth rate in some short normal children. (N Engl J Med 1983; 309:1016–22.)
CÁNCER COLORRECTAL DE INTERVALO COMO INDICADOR DE CALIDAD: CARACTERÍSTICAS Y FACTORES PREDICTORES
Authors: M Muñoz, I Pérez, E Moreno, FJ Serrano, A Naranjo, M Pleguezuelo, LL Casáis, AJ Hervás
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Introducción: La calidad de la colonoscopia es punto clave para asegurar la prevención del cáncer colorrectal (CCR). El riesgo de CCR tras colonoscopia previa negativa es bajo, sin embargo, el CCR de intervalo ocurre.
Abstract 970: Effect of feeding a high fat, high simple carbohydrate diet on serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) in cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: James N. Mubiru, Magdalena Garcia-Forey, Cassondra Bauer, Robert E. Shade, Anthony G. Comuzzie, Jeffrey Rogers
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test is used for screening and monitoring of prostate cancer. However, PSA has clinical limitations as it is elevated in other pathological conditions other than prostate cancer. PSA is also influenced by other physiological and environmental variables like genetics and diet. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding a high fat, high simple carbohydrate (HFHSC) diet on serum PSA in a nonhuman primate species. Methods Fifteen cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were fed an HFHSC diet for 4 months. Body weight and Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurements were done at 0, 8 and 16 weeks. Blood was also drawn from these animals and used to assay serum PSA and serum insulin levels. Results 0 weeks Mean ± SD8 -weeks Mean ± SD16 weeks Mean ± SDP value (0-16) weeksBody weight (kg)5.48 ± 1.095.89 ± 1.355.99 ± 1.440.018Calorie intake (kcal/day)421.8 ± 115.20705.07 ± 101.52684.07 ± 102.361.7 × 10−8Tissue Fat (%)5.57 ± 3.817.29 ± 5.508.04 ± 6.70.155Region fat (%)5.33 ± 3.677 ± 5.237.7 ± 6.480.16Fat (g)289 ± 264.37412.07 ± 375.72467.6 ± 462.890.14Soft tissue mass (g)4860.53 ± 1105.735199.06 ± 1338.795269.33 ± 1435.430.0488Lean mass (g)4571.6 ± 968.114787 ±1125.334801.87 ± 1162.970.056Bone mineral content (g)228.44 ± 44.71234.71 ± 48.74236.85 ± 49.470.031PSA ng/ml0.70 ± 0.570.91 ± 0.460.96 ± 0.620.04Insulin µU/ml14.92 ± 12.1930.87 ± 26.1161.36 ± 66.290.014 Conclusions Feeding cynomolgus monkeys with an HFHSC diet for 4 months resulted in a significant increase in serum PSA levels. The mechanisms underlying this change in serum PSA is still under investigation, however, chronic hyper-insulinemia as indicated in this study might be one of the contributing factors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 970.
OMB Proposes New Indirect Cost Payment Policies
Authors: C. Vanchieri
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article OMB Proposes New Indirect Cost Payment Policies Get access Cori Vanchieri Cori Vanchieri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 12, 19 June 1991, Pages 823–824, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.12.823-a Published: 19 June 1991
Correlating MRI, mammogram, and ultrasonography( USG): Which study most accurately predicts breast cancer size?
Authors: J. Silva, A. Martinez-Velasco
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e11549 Purpose: Assessment of tumor size in patients with breast cancer is based on radiologic assessment when pathology measurements are equivocal and it is also considered when neoadjuvant therapy is used. Tumor size is measured as the largest dimension or for multifocal disease, as the largest dimension of the largest focus. However, wide variation exists between measurements obtained by different imaging methods. The purpose of this study was to compare the currently used imaging methods for determining breast tumors’ size. Accurate assessment influences the choice of oncologic treatment and predicts the prognosis of a patient. Methods: We conducted a study of 46 patients with breast cancer with no prior treatment. All women had preoperative MRI, USG and mammographic assessment of tumor size. Measurements were compared to the pathologic tumor size of the surgical specimen. Results: The greatest tumor diameter measured was within 3 mm of the pathologic tumor size in 43.4% of patients measured by MRI, 32.6% of patients measured by USG, and 36.9% of patients measured by mammogram. In average, MRI overestimated tumor size by 0.35 cm (95% confidence interval [95% CI], - 0.11 - 0.81 p = NS, whereas US underestimated it by -0.82 cm (95%CI, -1.01 - -0.63; p &lt;0.001). Mammogram underestimated it by - 0.65 cm (95% CI, -0.96 - -0.33; p &lt; 0.001). MRI measurement of the actual tumor size showed a significant correlation (r = 0.36, 95%, 0.06 - 0.61 p = 0.02) and confirms more accuracy in determining tumor size. Conclusions: In this study, magnetic resonance imaging is superior to conventional methods for assessing pathological dimensions. Both mammography and USG have a tendency to underestimate tumor size. The use of magnetic resonance imaging would help in the accurate assessment of the tumor size influencing the choice of oncologic treatment and better predicting the prognosis of the patient. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
SAT0365 Who Are the Spondyloarthritis Patients with A Primary Inefficacy of A First TNF Blocker? A Monocenter Systematic Study
Authors: S. Dadoun, S. Kossi, G. Guillaume, M. Dougados, L. Gossec
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> TNF alpha blockers (TNFb) are effective in spondyloarthritis (SpA); primary inefficacy (defined by lack of treatment response in the first three months of treatment) is unfrequent and has been little explored. Who are these patients who have primary inefficacy, and do they respond to a switch? <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the rate of primary inefficacy of TNFb therapy in SpA, to compare demographic and disease characteristics between responders and non-responders and to assess the retention rate of the second TNFb in case of switching. <h3>Methods</h3> <i>Study design:</i> Systematic retrospective study from one tertiary care rheumatology department over 5 years. <i>Patients:</i> All patients with SpA (as confirmed by a rheumatologist) starting a TFNb. Demographic factors (age and gender), disease characteristics (symptom duration, B27 status, radiographic sacro-iliitis) and disease activity at TNFb initiation (BASDAI, BASFI, TNFb indication for axial symptoms, CRP) were compared between non responders at 3 months and other patients using univariate tests. For patients with primary inefficacy, survival curve of the second TNFb was assessed in case of switching. <h3>Results</h3> Among 222 patients who started a TNFb, 27 patients (12%) stopped the first TNFb for primary inefficacy. Compared to the other patients, these patients were more often women (48% versus 27%, p=0.04), had an older age at TNFb initiation (46 yrs vs 40, p=0.04), had more often a TNFb indication not related to the axial symptoms (29% vs 14%, p=0.007), had a higher BASFI (68 versus 42, p=0.001) and had more often a normal CRP (50% vs 22%, p=0.008). No differences were noted for B27 positivity (overall, 78%) and self-reported activity of disease. Among the 27 patients with primary inefficacy, a second TNFb was prescribed for 16 patients (59%). Primary inefficacy of the second TNFb was observed in 7 patients (44% of 16) and the survival rate at one year for the second TNFb was 44%. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Primary inefficacy of the first TNFb is rare in SpA (12%); these patients had a less clear pattern of SpA (ie had less signs of definite and axial SpA); furthermore a second TNFb if prescribed was often also not efficacious. These results suggest primary inefficacy of TNFb in SpA may lead to reconsidering the initial diagnosis; in particular the place of fibromyalgia-like symptoms should be further assessed. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3106
Abstract 4996: Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jing Shen, Shuang Wang, Yujing Zhang, Maya Kappil, Hui-Chen Wu, Muhammad G. Kibrya, Qiao Wang, Farzana Jasmine, Habib Ahsan, Po-Huang Lee, Ming-Whei Yu, Chien-Jen Chen, Regina M. Santella
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Alterations in DNA methylation frequently occur in hepatocellular cancer (HCC). We have previously demonstrated that hypermethylation in candidate genes can be detected in plasma DNA prior to HCC diagnosis. To identify with a genome-wide approach additional genes hypermethylated in HCC that could be used for more accurate analysis of plasma DNA for early diagnosis, we analyzed tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues from 62 Taiwanese HCC cases using Illumina methylation arrays that screen 26,486 autosomal CpG sites. After Bonferroni adjustment, a total of 2,324 CpG sites significantly differed in methylation level, with 684 CpG sites significantly hypermethylated and 1,640 hypomethylated in tumor compared to non-tumor tissues. Array data were validated with pyrosequencing in a subset of 5 of these genes; correlation coefficients ranged from 0.92 to 0.97. Analysis of plasma DNA from 38 cases demonstrated that 37% to 63% of cases had detectable hypermethylated DNA (≥5% methylation) for these 5 genes individually. At least one of these genes was hypermethylated in 87% of cases, suggesting that measurement of DNA methylation in plasma samples is feasible. The panel of methylated genes indentified in the current study will be further tested in large cohort of prospectively collected samples to determine their utility as early biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4996. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4996
I<sup>131</sup>-Labeled Fat in the Study of Intestinal Absorption
Authors: Julian M. Ruffin, William W. Shingleton, George J. Baylin, Jacqueline C. Hymans, Joseph K. Isley, Aaron P. Sanders, M. Frank Sohmer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

CHARACTERISTIC and reproducible curves of radioiodine blood levels have been demonstrated in normal persons after ingestion of an I131-labeled test meal. This is true with the use of both radioactive tagged albumin1 and radioactive tagged fat.2 Furthermore, less than 2 per cent of radioactive material is recoverable in the total feces passed within forty-eight hours after ingestion of a fat test meal.3 After normal controls were established, this method of study was applied to patients who had a variety of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, to determine whether their radioactive blood levels and fecal content differed significantly from those . . .
CS-38 * BAI1 IS A NEW TUMOR SUPPRESSOR IN MEDULLOBLASTOMA
Authors: D. Zhu, Z. Zhang, J. Olson, E. Van Meir
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Brain-specific Angiogenesis Inhibitor 1 (BAI1) is a seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with potent anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorigenic properties in gliomas. Our novel findings show that BAI1 expression is significantly reduced in human medulloblastoma (MB) by epigenetic mechanisms, leading us to hypothesize that loss of expression of BAI1 may favor tumor development during cerebellar development. To test this hypothesis, we generated a Bai1 knockout (KO) mouse and detected aberrant activation of Sonic hedgehog signaling and a thicker external granular layer during early postnatal cerebellum development. Furthermore, upon crossing the Bai1 KO mice with mice heterozygous for patched 1 (ptc1 + /-), we found that deficiency of Bai1 dramatically accelerated MB tumorigenesis, the first demonstration that a reduction in Bai1 dosage can promote MB formation in vivo. Moreover, restoration of BAI1 expression in human MB cells inhibited cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. These results support that BAI1 is a novel tumor suppressor for MB and that down-regulation of BAI1 in the cerebellum may drive inappropriate downstream growth signaling and contribute to neoplastic transformation leading to the formation of MB. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms, we are currently exploring the Bai1 downstream signaling involved in MB tumorigenesis and will present the related findings. Our results also suggest that restoration of BAI1 expression may represent a novel therapeutic intervention for MB. Specifically, we demonstrate that small molecule epigenetic inhibitors of either EZH2 or MBD2 can reactivate BAI1 expression. Taken together, our novel findings provide insight into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying MB tumorigenesis and provide the rationale for the use of epigenetic therapeutics against MB.
Case 29-2012
Authors: Lori J. Wirth, Scott R. Plotkin, Kevin S. Emerick, Mary Elizabeth Cunnane, William C. Faquin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

A 49-year-old man had fever, pain, and cranial-nerve deficits 4 days after completion of chemoradiation for squamous-cell cancer of the oral cavity. Imaging revealed dural thickening and abnormalities of the cavernous sinuses and skull base.
Hormone therapy – who takes it – the rich or the poor?.
Authors: EJ Massey, A Chaudhry, R Thomas, P Robert, B James, C Charlie
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5093 Introduction: In the UK, hormone therapy is provided to all breast cancer patients for a standard NHS prescription charge (approximately USD13 per month). Previous studies in the USA and the UK have shown that only 60% of patients comply fully with prescribed therapy. This study examines the effects of age, drug type, prognosis and social deprivation on hormone therapy compliance.&amp;#x2028; Method: During scheduled outpatient appointments data was collected from patients as part of their routine follow-up. Parameters included: age, name of drug, time on drug, drug compliance (full; deviation – missing &amp;lt;1 pill/week; holiday – missing pills &amp;gt; 1 week; stopped), and side effects (subjective – mild; moderate; severe). Prognostic information was derived using the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI). The patients' home postal codes were collected and allocated to the correct electoral ward (small geographical areas with average population of 5500). Using data from the UK National Census in 2000, information on social status was derived from the patients' postal codes and given as the Index of Multiple Deprivation (ID2000). The ID2000 has both an ID2000 score and ID2000 ranking (1 to 8414) for different electoral wards across England &amp; Wales. Low ID2000 scores and high ID2000 rankings correspond to areas of affluence. Patients in ID2000 rankings &amp;lt;4212 were assigned as 'deprived' and &amp;gt;4212 as 'affluent'. The predominant social grade for each ward was recorded (AB, C1, C2, D and E).&amp;#x2028; Results: To date, 117 patients have been analysed. The ID2000 ranks ranged from 1033 to 8297. Ninety two (89%) of patients were fully compliant, 5 (5%) deviated, 2 (2%) took a holiday and 4 (4%) stopped taking their hormone treatment. Compliance was significantly better for those taking an aromatase inhibitor (AI) (96.7%) than tamoxifen (80.5%) (Chi2 test Chi2 = 7.147. p = 0.0075). Compliance is unaffected by affluence (92.5%) v deprivation (80.9%) (Chi2 test Chi2 = 2.486, p=0.11). Compliance is also unaffected by NPI (Mann Whitney U test p=0.84) and age (Mann Whitney U test p=0.78).&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: These early data suggest that hormone drug compliance in our centre is higher than previously reported. Compliance is significantly higher for aromatase inhibitors than tamoxifen; currently there is no discernable difference between individual AIs. Compliance appears higher in affluent patients; however this is not statistically significant. Compliance appears to be independent of age, duration of therapy and prognosis. This study is ongoing and further work comparing different areas is recommended. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5093.