tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular epidemiology in environmental carcinogenesis.
Authors: F P Perera, L A Mooney, C P Dickey, R M Santella, D Bell, W Blaner, D Tang, R M Whyatt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Molecular epidemiology has significant potential in preventing cancer and other diseases caused by environmental exposures (related to lifestyle, occupation, or ambient pollution). This approach attempts to prevent cancer by incorporating laboratory methods to document the molecular dose and preclinical effects of carcinogens, as well as factors that increases individual susceptibility to carcinogens. Recently we have carried out validation studies of biologic markers such as carcinogen--DNA and carcinogen--protein adducts, gene and chromosomal mutations, alterations in target oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, polymorphisms in putative susceptibility genes (individual P450s, glutathione transferase M1), and serum levels of micronutrients. This research involves adults, infants, and children exposed to varying levels of carcinogens, as well as cancer cases and controls. On a group level, dose-response relationships have frequently been seen between various biomarkers and environmental exposures such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, cigarette smoke (active and passive), and ambient indoor and workplace air pollution. However, there is significant interindividual variation in biomarkers that appears to reflect a modulating effect on biomarkers (hence potential risk) by genetic and acquired susceptibility factors. Ongoing retrospective and nested case-control studies of lung and breast cancer are examining the association between biomarkers and cancer risk. Results of these studies are encouraging; they suggest that biomarkers, once validated, can be useful in identifying populations and individuals at risk in time to intervene effectively.
WHEN IS TRACHEOSTOMY NOT INDICATED?
Authors: F M RACKEMAN
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Topical treatment of epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma with all-trans-retinoic acid
Authors: L. Bonhomme, G. Fredj, S. Averous, A.M. Szekely, E. Ecstein, B. Trumbic, P. Meyer, J.M. Lang, J.L. Misset, C. Jasmin
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1991)
Hole-making technique for the treatment for acute pancreatitis due to placement of a fully covered duodenal metallic stent
Authors: Takeshi Ogura, Wataru Takagi, Saori Onda, Tatsushi Sano, Daisuke Masuda, Shinya Fukunishi, Kazuhide Higuchi
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Duodenal stent placement has been developed as an alternative to surgical gastrojejunostomy [1]. Compared with uncovered metallic stents, duodenal fully covered metallic stents offer advantages, such as the prevention of tumor ingrowth, and thus lower occlusion rates [2]. However, duodenal fully covered metallic stents also have several disadvantages, such as stent migration [3]. Acute pancreatitis is another adverse event associated with duodenal stent placement, occurring at a frequency of approximately 4 % [4] [5]. In previous reports, acute pancreatitis has been treated conservatively. If a fully covered metallic stent is placed in the duodenum, the frequency of acute pancreatitis may be increased, and the treatment of acute pancreatitis may prove difficult. We report herein a novel treatment for acute pancreatitis due to duodenal placement of a fully covered metallic stent.
Studies on the Agent of Chicken Tumor I. I. The Relative Potencies of Serial Extracts and Their Comparative Values as Source Materials for Purification Studies
Authors: W R BRYAN, V T RILEY
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1947)

Studies on the Agent of Chicken Tumor I. I. The Relative Potencies of Serial Extracts and Their Comparative Values as Source Materials for Purification Studies Get access W. Ray Bryan, W. Ray Bryan principal biologist Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Vernon T. Riley, Vernon T. Riley assistant biologist Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. George Deihl, D. George Deihl statistician Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Virginia Voorhees Virginia Voorhees statistical clerk National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 7, Issue 6, June 1947, Pages 447–453, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/7.6.447 Published: 01 June 1947 Article history Received: 01 April 1947 Published: 01 June 1947
The Scientific Principles of Inhalation
Authors: R. J. Lee
Journal: BMJ (1882)

Lying in the prone position, or resorting to the genu-pectoral posi- tion from time to time, will also assist in encouraging a return of the uterus to its normal position, where it is retroverted; though at first the patient will probably experience much inconvenience, and perhaps state that it is impossible for her to carry out the suggestion.The importance of so doing must be explained to her, and she must be en- couraged to persevere in her attempts, gradually prolonging the time as she finds it practicable.The patient must avoid long standing or
Abstract B2-08: Model order reduction for cell signaling pathways: An investigation of G-protein coupled receptor signaling
Authors: Prem M. Talwai
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are frequently overexpressed in human carcinomas, where they are responsible for stimulating the aberrant proliferation of cancer cells. Unfortunately, the mechanisms of this stimulation are poorly understood due to the complexity of the interactions between GPCRs and second-messenger pathways. Robust quantitative methods are therefore necessary to simplify mathematical models of GPCR-mediated signaling. Model order reduction aims to reduce the dimensionality of kinetic models of signaling pathways (such as the GPCR signal transduction system) in order to enable the computational investigation of complex signaling networks. Existing reduction procedures aim to eliminate “slaved species”, which have low net rates of formation. Unfortunately, these methods cannot be applied to reaction networks such as the GPCR system where receptor complexes exhibit high affinities for binding proteins (and therefore have low dissociation constants). This paper aims to develop a novel projection-based model reduction technique for reducing the dimensionality of kinetic models of cell signaling pathways (such as the GPCR signaling cascade). This algorithm (executed at the command-line interface) combines the techniques of proper orthogonal decomposition, trajectory piecewise linearization, and Krylov subspace reduction in an effort to identify a best-fit subspace for the model trajectories that accurately approximates the mapping between the model input and outputs. The command-line tool effectively reduced the dimensionality of a kinetic model of the GPCR network from 16 to 3. In addition, implementing the algorithm revealed strong correlations within two disjoint sets of participating species, suggesting the need to monitor the concentration of only one species from each set during a computational or experimental investigation. The model reduction procedure enables cell biologists to effectively employ kinetic models to analyze the mechanisms of uncontrolled cell proliferation. A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms will aid pharmacologists in identifying therapeutic targets in cancer cells. Citation Format: Prem M. Talwai. Model order reduction for cell signaling pathways: An investigation of G-protein coupled receptor signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Computational and Systems Biology of Cancer; Feb 8-11 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 2):Abstract nr B2-08.
Chop Deficiency Protects Mice Against Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Attenuating M2 Macrophage Production
Authors: Yingying Yao, Yi Wang, Zhijun Zhang, Long He, Jianghui Zhu, Meng Zhang, Xiaoyu He, Zhenshun Cheng, Qilin Ao, Yong Cao, Ping Yang, Yunchao Su, Jianping Zhao, Shu Zhang, Qilin Yu, Qin Ning, Xudong Xiang, Weining Xiong, Cong-Yi Wang, Yongjian Xu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2016)

C/EBP homologous protein (Chop) has been shown to have altered expression in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but its exact role in IPF pathoaetiology has not been fully addressed. Studies conducted in patients with IPF and Chop(-/-) mice have dissected the role of Chop and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis. The effect of Chop deficiency on macrophage polarization and related signalling pathways were investigated to identify the underlying mechanisms. Patients with IPF and mice with bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis were affected by the altered Chop expression and ER stress. In particular, Chop deficiency protected mice against BLM-induced lung injury and fibrosis. Loss of Chop significantly attenuated transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) production and reduced M2 macrophage infiltration in the lung following BLM induction. Mechanistic studies showed that Chop deficiency repressed the M2 program in macrophages, which then attenuated TGF-β secretion. Specifically, loss of Chop promoted the expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 and suppressors of cytokine signaling 3, and through which Chop deficiency repressed signal transducer and activator of transcription 6/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signaling, the essential pathway for the M2 program in macrophages. Together, our data support the idea that Chop and ER stress are implicated in IPF pathoaetiology, involving at least the induction and differentiation of M2 macrophages.
A New Agent for Management of Migraine Headache
Authors: L LEVINE, L WYMAN
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PWE-049 Vaccination of inflammatory bowel disease patients on immunomodulators and biologics
Authors: J Tan, K Yap, L Hong, P Babu
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Immunomodulators (IM) and Biologics are increasingly used to treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease early during the disease course. The risk of opportunistic infections associated with their use is high. Guidelines from the BSG and ECCO advice to screen and vaccinate patients when IM or Biologics are considered for treatment. Vaccinations recommended include Varicella Zoster (VZ) and Hepatitis B (HBV) in seronegative patients, annual Influenza, Pneumococcal vaccine every 3 yrs and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) for girls. Although Consultants are aware of these guidance, the implementation was felt to be poor in our unit. <h3>Method</h3> The aim of this audit was to study the number of patients on IM and Biologics who have been screened and vaccinated for opportunistic infections. Patients were identified at random from the IBD database and demographic details collected. Patients and their GPs were interviewed to obtain vaccination history and exposure to chicken pox. The microbiology records were interrogated to obtain results of VZV and HBV serology. <h3>Results</h3> Data was collected for 102 patients (30 UC and 72 Crohns). There were 52 females. The median age was 46 yrs (Range: 20–89 yrs) and 40 patients (39%)were over 50 yrs old. 75 patients were on AZA/6MP, 3 on Methotrexate and 25 on Biologics. 40% of patients had been on IM for over 3 yrs. Hepatitis serology was checked in 49 (48%) patients but none of the seronegative were vaccinated. Varicella (VZV) serology was checked in 22 patients and 24 had a history of chicken pox but none of the seronegative were vaccinated although one patient refused. No females received HPV vaccine. Only 64 (63%) patients had yearly influenza vaccine and 1 had an allergy. Less than 25% had received the pneumococcal vaccine. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our audit confirms poor compliance with the vaccination recommendations for the IBD patients at high risk. Awareness of this guidance although present among Consultants has not been implemented. Knowledge of this guidance is poor among specialist Nurses. This audit has informed the need for education of both primary and secondary care and introduction of a checklist for all monitoring including this information in all IBD communication as an aide memoire. We aim to repeat the audit in 4 months and hope to see an improvement. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Tuberculosis in Austria 1995–99: geographical distribution and trends
Authors: R Strauss, G Fülöp, C Pfeifer
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2003)

A descriptive analysis of routine surveillance data on tuberculosis (TB) from 1995 to 1999 was performed in Austria. The federal states of Vienna and Upper Austria showed the highest yearly incidences for all five years. In general, however, a decrease of the yearly incidence was observed for all federal states except for Carinthia (where there was a small increase of 3.2 %). In the cities of Vienna, Linz, Wels, Salzburg, Klagenfurt and St-Pölten, as well as in the regions of Eastern Tyrol, Southern Carinthia, and Southern Burgenland, the incidence was above average (>19 cases/100,000 for each). The number of cases per year and per district reported by the statutory reporting system were clearly in excess of those reported by hospitals. The comparison of the two datasets, however, showed a highly significant regional correlation of age standardised morbidity rates at district level. The findings are prone to reporting bias and might not reflect the real TB situation. The responsible health authorities should therefore consider the results as a 'working hypothesis in order to review the reporting behaviour at district level.
Transethnic adoption and personality traits: a lesson from Japanese orphans returned from China to Japan
Authors: W S Tseng, K Ebata, M Miguchi, M Egawa, D G McLaughlin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

The authors interviewed 25 Japanese who had been left as orphans in China at the end of World War II and who had recently returned to Japan with their Chinese spouses after almost four decades. It was found that even though they had been raised as Chinese culturally for almost their entire lives, most of these subjects had retained certain Japanese personality traits and social behavior from early childhood, and these characteristics distinguished them from their Chinese counterparts.
Preimplantation Diagnosis for Genetic Susceptibility
Authors: Peter Braude
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

On May 10, 2006, the regulator of assisted reproduction in the United Kingdom — the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) — decided to include susceptibilities to certain cancers in the conditions for which it will allow preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD).1 In Britain, as in most of Europe, PGD refers to the removal of a single cell from an embryo generated in vitro for genetic testing to diagnose a recurrent, serious, heritable condition and thereby to avoid the implantation of affected embryos (see diagram). The technique is used by fertile couples, as an alternative to prenatal diagnosis with the use . . .
A family study of the subtypes of schizophrenia
Authors: K S Kendler, A M Gruenberg, M T Tsuang
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

The authors conducted a blind family study based on probands diagnosed as schizophrenic by DSM-III and subtyped by four diagnostic systems. The pattern of psychopathology in relatives did not differ as a function of the probands' subtype diagnosis. Relatives of paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenic probands had similar risks for schizophrenia and affective illness. Resemblance in subtype diagnosis between probands and their affected relatives did not exceed chance expectation. The etiologic role of familial factors appears to be similar in each of the traditional subtypes of schizophrenia. No evidence was found for familial factors specific for individual subtypes.
Abstract A32: Cell autonomous and cell non-autonomous roles of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) in glioma invasion
Authors: Mana Alshehri, Bo Young Ahn, Xiuling Wang, Shiekh Tanveer, Jennifer Chan, Donna L Senger, Stephen M Robbins
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Human glioblastoam is a heterogeneous tumor composed of tumor cells and a small population known as brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs) or glioblastoma stem-like cells. BTICs appear to drive tumor progression, underlie therapeutic resistance and have been highlighted as therapeutic targets for patients with malignant glioma. The ability of glioma cells to invade into the surrounding brain parenchyma is a major clinical issue rendering glioblastoma incurable by conventional therapies. In a previous study, we found that the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) significantly enhanced invasion and migration of genetically distinct glioma by a cell autonomous mechanism. In addition, p75NTR was frequently observed in a highly invasive population of cells from freshly resected patient specimens. Importantly, p75NTR was found to mediate glioma invasion by neurotrophin-dependent regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). Blocking of p75NTR proteolysis by the generation of cleavage-resistance mutants, or treatment of animals bearing p75NTR-postive intracranial tumors with γ-secretase inhibitors, significantly inhibited glioma invasion and prolonged survival. Using a large panel of patient-derived-BTICs we have investigated the role of p75NTR in the stem-like compartment. Here we investigate the biological effects of p75NTR down-regulation on glioma derived BTICs. Immunocytochemical studies western blot analysis reveal that p75NTR is variably expressed on BTICs and that treatment with γ-secretase inhibitors significantly decreases BTIC invasion in 3D cultures in vitro. Down-regulation of p75NTR using shRNA significantly decreases BTICs invasion, proliferation and self-renewal ability. Moreover, p75NTR was present on as a component of BTIC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are implicated in tumor cell invasion through a cell non-autonomous mechanism. We found that p75NTR containing EVs promote invasion of non-invasive glioma cells. The composition of p75NTR containing EVs and their roles in glioma invasion are currently been investigated. Citation Format: Mana Alshehri, Bo Young Ahn, Xiuling Wang, Shiekh Tanveer, Jennifer Chan, Donna L Senger, Stephen M Robbins. Cell autonomous and cell non-autonomous roles of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) in glioma invasion. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Brain Cancer Research; May 27-30, 2015; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(23 Suppl):Abstract nr A32.
Immunogenetic Properties of Tumors That Have Acquired Homotransplant-ability
Authors: Michael Feldman, Leo Sachs
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1958)

Immunogenetic Properties of Tumors That Have Acquired Homotransplant-ability Get access Michael Feldman, Michael Feldman Department of Experimental Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Leo Sachs Leo Sachs Department of Experimental Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 20, Issue 3, March 1958, Pages 513–539, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/20.3.513 Published: 01 March 1958 Article history Received: 03 July 1957 Published: 01 March 1958
Prevalence of neuroleptic-induced dystonia in mania and schizophrenia
Authors: G J Remington, G Voineskos, B Pollock, K Reed, K Coulter
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

In a prospective study of 41 acutely psychotic patients, neuroleptic-induced dystonic reactions occurred in 62.5% of the manic patients (10 of 16) and 66.7% of the schizophrenic patients (10 of 15), a nonsignificant difference. These findings contradict a recent report suggesting a higher risk for this side effect in mania.
Detection of macrolide resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in England, September 2014 to September 2015
Authors: Rebecca J Brown, Louissa Macfarlane-Smith, Sarah Phillips, Victoria J Chalker
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection can cause pneumonia, particularly in children. Global increase in macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae is of concern due to limited therapeutic options. We describe the detection of macrolide resistance-conferring mutations in 9.3% of 43 clinical specimens where M. pneumoniae was detected in England and Wales from September 2014‒September 2015. This study aims to impact by highlighting the presence of macrolide resistance in M. pneumoniae positive patients, promoting increased clinical vigilance.
Quality Improvement Primer Series: How to Sustain a Quality Improvement Effort
Authors: Michael Bernstein, Jason K. Hou, Adam V. Weizman, Jeff Mosko, Natasha Bollegala, Mayur Brahmania, Louis Liu, A. Hillary Steinhart, Sam S. Silver, Geoffry C. Nguyen, Chaim M. Bell
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2016)