tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION OF PSYCHIATRIC CASES
Authors: T. M. LING, D. M. ZAUSMER, M. HOPE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

1. A brief historical review of the modern machinery for the rehabilitation and resettlement of psychiatric disabled persons in the United Kingdom is described. 2. The present investigation was designed to discover the fate of psychoneurotic patients who had been referred to the D. R. O. for placement and thereby to determine the efficacy of the joint work carried out by Roffey Park Rehabilitation Centre and the D. R. O. service. 3. The method of investigation consisted of the follow-up by D. R. O. s of 115 consecutive cases about 2 years after hospitalization; 15 were untraceable. A social worker then interviewed 97 of these patients; of the 3 remaining, 2 were in mental hospitals and 1 was untraceable. 4. A description of the sample at the time of admission to Roffey Park is included. 5. The results of the follow-up are enumerated. There appears to be little change in the ratio of employed to unemployed, but there is an apparent increase in the proportion of skilled workers. 6. Thirty-eight patients had improved in health, 43 were unimproved, and 18 were worse than on admission to Roffey Park. 7. Thirty-four patients were living satisfactorily at home, 37 had fairly satisfactory homes, and 26 were living unsatisfactorily. 8. Twenty-one patients were recommended for Government Training Courses. Five gave up before the end; of the 16 completing training only 10 were working in their training trades. The disturbing effect of delay in starting training is stressed. 9. The results are discussed and compared with those of other investigations. 10. A plea is made for further research to discover whether the expenditure on the Government Training Scheme is justified and to improve the present methods of selection of trainees.
Unusual Parathyroid Adenoma Avid for Both Tc-99m Sestamibi and I-123 Iodine Due to Acquisition Protocol
Authors: Gilles Metrard, Marie-Thérèse Guilhem, Gilles Le Rouzic
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Clinical Nuclear Medicine: July 2011 - Volume 36 - Issue 7 - p e71 doi: 10.1097/RLU.0b013e31821a26fc
PTU-100 Development And Initial Validation Of A New Assessment Tool For Faecal Incontinence In Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The International Consultation On Incontinence Questionnaire- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (iciq-ibd)
Authors: L Dibley, C Norton, N Cotterill, P Bassett
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Faecal incontinence (FI) in IBD is common and under-reported. In a prior study<sup>1</sup> an existing questionnaire<sup>2</sup> was found unsuitable for assessing FI in IBD due to inability to address fluctuating symptoms and IBD-related concerns. We aimed to develop a new psychometrically robust IBD-specific FI questionnaire. <h3>Methods</h3> Participantswere purposefully sampled from a UK IBD charity’s membership. The International Consultation on Incontinence<sup>3 </sup>Questionnaire development and validation protocol was followed in a two phase study. Phase 1: we progressively developed content, terminology and format of the new tool from feedback in the original study<sup>1</sup> and four rounds of cognitive interviews. A modified Delphi survey of clinicians identified important clinical content. Phase 2: participants completed the final version of the ICIQ-IBD and a disease activity index twice, to evaluate validity of the questionnaire and consistency of assessment. A principal exploratory factor analysis identified underlying domains in the questionnaire. <h3>Results</h3> 24 respondents (female n = 18, 75%; age: mean 50 yrs) participated in cognitive interviews. Ten clinicians clarified clinical content. 166/188 respondents (88%) returned the first (test) questionnaire. 143 (86% [76% of total sample]) returned the second (retest) questionnaire 2–6 weeks later. Most questions were relevant to most respondents. The new ICIQ-IBD discriminates between patients with and without FI, low and high disease activity, and concern levels.110 respondents returning test and retest data had stable disease – weighted kappa was used to determine stability (test-retest reliability). 36/41 questions (87.8%) showed good or moderate agreement, suggesting the questionnaire is reasonably stable and reliable. Two domains were identified: bowel symptoms and quality of life, with a simple additive score for each domain. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The new ICIQ-IBD is valid and reliable. Further psychometric testing to evaluate sensitivity to change will be conducted in a forthcoming intervention study. <h3>References</h3> Norton C, Dibley L, Bassett, P. Faecal incontinence in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): associations and effect on quality of life. Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis. 2013;7(8):e302–311 Cotterill N, Norton C, Avery K, Abrams P, Donovan J. Psychometric evaluation of a new patient-completed questionnaire for evaluating anal incontinence symptoms and impact on quality of life. The ICIQ-B. <i>Diseases of the Colon and Rectum</i>. 2011;54(10)1235–1250 International Consultation on Incontinence protocol. Available at: http://www.iciq.net/validationprotocol.htm <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Comparison of Tc-99m EC and Tc-99m DTPA Captopril Scintigraphy To Diagnose Renal Artery Stenosis
Authors: O Uğur, M Serdengeçti, O Karaçalioğlu, I Peksoy, S Cekirge, N Aslan, E L Ergün, M Duranay, M Yurdakul, B Caner, H Bayhan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Purpose: Although, captopril scintigraphy is a well established method to detect renovascular hypertension, the optimal radiopharmaceutical for this test remains to be determined. Recently, Tc-99m ethylenedicysteine (Tc-99m EC) appeared as an alternative agent for captopril scintigraphy. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of Tc-99m EC with Tc-99m DTPA, which is a well-established renal radiopharmaceutical for the captopril test. Methods: Nineteen hypertensive patients who had various degrees of renal artery stenosis on angiography were included in the study. All patients had baseline and captopril Tc-99m EC and Tc-99m DTPA scintigraphy within a 1-week period. The results were compared with angiography and in eight patients with changes in blood pressure after revascularization. The images were interpreted without knowledge of the angiography and revascularization data as low, intermediate, or high probability for hemodynamically significant renal artery stenosis, which was defined as an area of stenosis exceeding 50%. Results: Tc-99m EC and Tc-99m DTPA study results were in agreement in 16 of the 19 patients. In two patients with branch artery stenosis, Tc-99m EC was definitely superior to Tc-99m DTPA and correctly identified the probability of stenosis on scintigraphy. On kidney analysis, Tc-99m EC had a slightly greater diagnostic sensitivity compared with Tc-99m DTPA (79% vs. 68%; P > 0.05 by the chi-squared test) but equal specificity (93% for both agents). Both Tc-99m EC and Tc-99m DTPA showed the same accuracy in predicting the outcome after revascularization in all but one patient with branch artery stenosis, in whom Tc-99m EC accurately predicted a successful outcome of the intervention but Tc-99m DTPA did not. Tc-99m EC had better renal uptake in patients with decreased renal function and provided more dramatic evidence of renogram changes after captopril intervention, which resulted in more confident interpretation. Conclusions: There is no significant difference between Tc-99m EC and Tc-99m DTPA captopril scintigraphy for detecting renal artery stenosis. However, because of the better imaging characteristics and more confident interpretation provided by the dramatic changes in the degree of renogram abnormality after captopril intervention, Tc-99m EC captopril scintigraphy should be used, particularly in patients with decreased renal function or branch artery stenosis.
AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE AND LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION: A COMMUNITY-BASED STUDY IN AN ELDERLY COHORT
Authors: Fusako Sera, Cesare Russo, Zhezhen Jin, Joseph Schwartz, Sofia Shames, Tatjana Rundek, Mitchell S.V. Elkind, Shunichi Homma, Ralph Sacco, Marco Di Tullio
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Abstract 4267: Biomimetic anti-angiogenic peptide as therapeutic agent for breast cancer
Authors: Elena V. Rosca, Marie-France Penet, Jacob E. Koskimaki, Niranjan B. Pandey, Zaver M. Bhujwalla, Aleksander S. Popel
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Despite the continuous research in novel therapeutics, globally each year more people succumb to cancer than HIV, TB and malaria combined. Angiogenesis, the development of neovasculature, has been a major focus of cancer research, and it resulted in the development, approval and clinical use of bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody. However, in the case of breast cancer, the results show gains in progression-free survival but not in overall survival. Other agents targeting VEGF receptors are under investigation with the premise that a cocktail of agents could be more effective. Recently, there has been great interest in the development of peptides as therapeutic agents due to their high specificity and low toxicity, which are conducive for the development of new therapeutic cocktails. Identification of pharmacophores (minimal information content) allows for the introduction of non-natural amino acids in the peptide sequence to increase its stability while maintaining or improving its activity, thus creating optimized peptides for clinical applications. We present the application of a 20-mer biomimetic peptide derived from the α5 fibril of collagen IV in which a cysteine is replaced by a non-natural amino acid, i.e., amino-butyric acid, and investigate its mechanism of action as an anti-angiogenic agent in treatment of breast cancer. We demonstrated its activity in suppressing tumor growth in an orthotopic triple negative breast tumor model. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated reduction in vascular permeability and vascular volume. In vitro studies of receptor pulldown and cellular surface proximity staining demonstrate that this peptide interacts specifically with the αVβ1 integrin. This biomimetic stable peptide is a novel non-VEGF targeting agent active as a single agent, or that could be used in combination with chemotherapy or other therapeutic peptide-based cocktails. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4267. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4267
751 TRICELLULIN EXPRESSION CORRELATES WITH OVERALL SURVIVAL IN HEPATOCELLULAR AND CHOLANGIOCELLULAR CARCINOMAS
Authors: Á. Somorácz, A. Korompay, P. Törzsök, A. Patonai, B. Erdélyi-Belle, G. Lotz, Z. Schaff, A. Kiss
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Monocarboxylate Transport Matters
Authors: Linda H. Bergersen, Tore Eid
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

The liver makes ketone bodies (3-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and acetone, the breakdown product of acetoacetate) from fat when intracellular glucose is in short supply — for example, in starvation or unregulated diabetes. The generated 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate serve as alternative energy sources for the cells. However, when the production of ketone bodies greatly exceeds cellular consumption, the potentially lethal condition of ketoacidosis can occur. How do ketone bodies get out of hepatocytes and into cells in other parts of the body to be metabolized?Ketone bodies and other monocarboxylates, such as lactate and pyruvate, are transported out of and into cells . . .
FDG Avidity at PET/CT During Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Laura Evangelista, Stefania Redana, Manuela Racca, Elena Geuna, Lorenzo Vinante, Giulia Zago, Valentina De Carolis, Cristina Ghiotto, Giorgio Saladini, Teresio Varetto
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

We aim to retrospectively evaluate the impact of hormone therapy (HT) on FDG avidity of metastatic lesions in patients with breast cancer (BC) undergoing PET/CT.Three hundred eight patients with BC were scanned with PET/CT at 2 Italian institutions (mean time from diagnosis 4 yrs, range: 1-24 yrs). Main indications for PET/CT were elevation of tumor markers (34.4%) and clinical or radiological suspicion of relapse (65.6%). The diagnostic accuracy of FDG PET/CT was computed according to the standard method. Student t test was used to assess the mean differences between the study groups, whereas categorical data were compared with chi-square test. Significance was set at P <0.05.Two hundred sixty-four patients with positive estrogen receptor and who had received adjuvant HT were included in the analysis. At the time of PET/CT scan, HT was ongoing in 176 patients (66.7%) and 88 (33.3%) had completed adjuvant HT. Ninety-eight (55.7%) patients on HT and 59 (67%) off HT had a positive PET/CT; therefore, the scan resulted negative in the remaining 107 patients, 78 and 29 on and off HT, 44.3% and 33%, respectively (P < 0.001). At a median follow-up of 7 months (range 1-48 mos), disease recurrence was confirmed in either clinical or radiological examinations in 126 (47.7%) patients; 72 (40.9%) versus 54 (61.4%) patients on and off HT, respectively (P < 0.005). True-positive PET/CT results were found in 82% and 91% of patients on and off HT, respectively, whereas it failed to identify disease relapse in 13 (18%) and 5 (9%) patients on and off HT, respectively.In our series, FDG PET/CT shows a similar diagnostic accuracy in detecting disease relapse between patients with BC on adjuvant HT versus those who have completed therapy. These preliminary results suggest that the glucose metabolism is not altered by hormonal suppression at the time of the scan.
Human β-Mannosidase Deficiency
Authors: David A. Wenger, Eva Sujansky, Paul V. Fennessey, Jerry N. Thompson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

LYSOSOMAL disorders in humans due to deficiencies of lysosomal enzymes or effector proteins (activator or protector proteins) have been described for most steps in the catabolism of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides).1 2 3 A deficiency of one of these enzymes or proteins usually results in the accumulation of undegraded storage products (some primary and others secondary to the defect), and this leads to most of the clinical features observed in the patients. Disorders affecting the catabolism of the oligosaccharide portion of glycoproteins, such as sialidosis, GM1 gangliosidosis, α-mannosidosis, Sandhoff's disease, fucosidosis, and aspartylglycosaminuria have been described previously.1 , 2 The enzyme defects . . .
Decreased Steroid Responsiveness at Night in Nocturnal Asthma
Authors: MONICA KRAFT, QUATYBA HAMID, GEORGE P. CHROUSOS, RICHARD J. MARTIN, DONALD Y. M. LEUNG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

As peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with nocturnal asthma (NA) exhibit reduced steroid responsiveness at 4:00 a.m. as compared with 4:00 p.m., we hypothesized that NA is associated with increased nocturnal airway cell expression of GR β , an endogenous inhibitor of steroid action. Ten subjects with NA and seven subjects with nonnocturnal asthma (NNA) underwent bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) at 4:00 p.m. and 4:00 a.m. BAL lymphocytes and macrophages were incubated with dexamethasone (DEX) at 10− 5 to 10− 8 M. DEX suppressed proliferation of BAL lymphocytes similarly at 4:00 p.m. and 4:00 a.m. in both groups. However, BAL macrophages from NA exhibited less suppression of IL-8 and TNF- α production by DEX at 4:00 a.m. as compared with 4:00 p.m. (p = 0.0001), whereas in the NNA group DEX suppressed IL-8 and TNF- α production equally at both time points. GR β expression was increased at night only in NA, primarily due to significantly increased expression by BAL macrophages (p = 0.008). IL-13 mRNA expression was increased at night, but only in the NA group and addition of neutralizing antibodies to IL-13 reduced GR β expression by BAL macrophages. We conclude that the airway macrophage may be the airway inflammatory cell driving the reduction in steroid responsiveness at night in NA, and this function is modulated by IL-13.
Benefits and Disadvantages of Joint Hypermobility among Musicians
Authors: Lars-Goran Larsson, John Baum, Govind S. Mudholkar, Georgia D. Kollia
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Joint hypermobility is considered to be both an advantage and a disadvantage. However, the degree of hypermobility in members of particular occupations requiring intense physical activity and the nature of the association between symptoms referable to specific joints and their hypermobility are unknown.
Abstract 5210: PRL-1 promotes cell metastatic processes and regulates filamentous actin dynamics
Authors: Masanao Nakashima, John S. Lazo
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The phosphatases of regenerating liver (PRL) are a family of the protein tyrosine phosphatases that have been hypothesized to be involved in metastatic cancer. While the PRLs appear to regulate cancer cell migration, invasion and proliferation, we do not fully understand mechanistically how they control these processes. In the current study, we present new findings demonstrating that PRL-1 regulates filamentous actin dynamics, which could promote cell metastatic processes. Human A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells stably expressing wildtype PRL-1 exhibited a 60% increase in cell migration at 72 hours and a three-fold increase in cell invasion at 24 hours. Cells expressing catalytic mutants of PRL-1 (C104S and D72A) did not demonstrate increased cell migration and invasion, indicating that these phenotypic changes required the PRL-1 phosphatase activity. PRL-1 siRNA decreased PRL-1 protein levels by 50% and decreased cell migration by 25%. Cellular invasiveness is controlled by the cadherin-catenin complex and dynamic filamentous actin. We found wildtype PRL-1 interrupted E-cadherin and regulated Rho family kinase function, which have important roles in actin filament assembly and stabilization of focal adhesion. We also observed that expression of wildtype PRL-1 caused diffusely disassembled F-actin with reduced F-actin levels as compared to that seen in cells expressing the vector control or the catalytic mutant. We conclude the PRL-1 enhanced lung cancer cell migration and invasion. These results suggest PRL-1 could be a productive therapeutic target for cancer metastasis and support further efforts to identify its substrates. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5210.
A first report of endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy in the diagnosis of desmoid-type fibromatosis
Authors: S. Krishna, R. Suzuki, M. Bhutani
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

A 65-year-old woman presented with recurrent sporadic mesenteric desmoid-type fibromatosis following a primary margin-positive surgical resection. The disease relapsed with new mesenteric nodules and a splenic hilar mass. Serial computed-tomography (CT) scans in the 4 months after initiation of tamoxifen revealed that the splenic hilar mass was gradually increasing in size ([Fig. 1]).
Abstract 5242: Effect of total saponins of Gynostemma pentaphyllum on melanogenesis and anti-melanoma effect in B16 cells.
Authors: Ting Fung Tsang, William Chi Shing Tai, Wendy Wen Luan Hsiao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Melanogenesis is a physiological process of melanin production in response to UV exposure, which is modulated through multi-signaling pathways including cAMP/PKA, Wnt/β-catenin and MAPK signaling cascades. In this study, we investigated both the melanogenesis and anti-melanoma effects of total saponins of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GpS). Our results showed that non-toxic dosages of GpS stimulated tyrosinase activity and increased melanin content in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that GpS treatment significantly up-regulated the expression levels of the melanogenic proteins, tyrosinase (TYR) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in a dose-dependent manner. The p-CREB, which is the down-stream target of PKA is also elevated upon GpS treatment. We further observed that H89, a PKA inhibitor, attenuated the GpS induced tyrosinase activity, melanin content, and the protein expression of p-CREB and the nuclear β-catenin. To identify the active saponins, GpS was fractionated in the MCI-CHP 20P column and eluted with methanol in a gradient of 50 to 100% . The resulting ten fractions were tested for their melanogensis activities. We found that Fractions 5 to 9 showed the strongest effect in melanin synthesis in B16 cultures, while up-regulated the expression levels of TYR and MITF, while Fractions 7 to 9 increased nucleus β-catenin protein expression. Further purification of GpS is under way. Our early works showed that GpS exhibits strong anti-cancer effects in both in cellular and animal model. We were wonder whether GpS would exert anti-cancer effect against melanoma. To address this question, we tested and showed that GpS inhibited B16 cells migration in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, GpS also increased G1/S ratio of the GpS-treated B16 cells, suggesting that GpS may act as G1 inhibitor. Our study seems to be in line with the recent reports that stimulation of melanogenesis might be associated with the anti-melanoma effect by decreasing proliferation and invasiveness of melanoma (Chien, et al.,2009). Based on the above results, we proposed that GpS might exert the anti-melanoma effect by stimulating the melanogenesis through the activation of cAMP/PKA and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Citation Format: Ting Fung Tsang, William Chi Shing Tai, Wendy Wen Luan Hsiao. Effect of total saponins of Gynostemma pentaphyllum on melanogenesis and anti-melanoma effect in B16 cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5242. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5242