tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neurotoxicity of lead, methylmercury, and PCBs in relation to the Great Lakes.
Authors: D C Rice
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

There is ample evidence identifying lead, methylmercury, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as neurotoxic agents. A large body of data on the neurotoxicity of lead, based on both epidemiologic studies in children and animal models of developmental exposure, reveals that body burdens of lead typical of people in industrialized environments produce behavioral impairment. Methylmercury was identified as a neurotoxicant in both adults and the developing organism based on episodes of human poisoning: these effects have been replicated and extended in animals. High-dose PCB exposure was recognized as a developmental toxicant as a result of several episodes of contamination of cooking oil. The threshold for PCB neurotoxicity in humans is less clear, although research in animals suggests that relatively low-level exposure produces behavioral impairment and other toxic effects. Tissue levels in fish below which human health would not be adversely affected were estimated for methylmercury and PCBs based on calculated reference doses (RfDs) and estimated fish intake. Present levels in fish tissue in the Great Lakes exceed these levels for both neurotoxicants. Great Lakes fish and water do not pose a particular hazard for increased lead intake. However, the fact that the present human body burden is in a range at which functional deficits are probable suggests that efforts should be made to eliminate point sources of lead contamination in the Great Lakes basin.
Life Expectancy and Probable Disability in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Johannes Ipsen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THE health problems presented by a disease differ decidedly as they are viewed from the standpoint of the community, and from that of the patient and his physician. The primary method of study is also different, for the population survey determines community effect and the clinical case history applies to the individual. The two objectives and the two methods, nevertheless, have common ground, and each contributes to the other. Clinical description provides the indispensable information of the disease, its nature and its course that is the basis for epidemiologic observations. The extensive data on general occurrence of the disease in . . .
AB0145 Sodium Chloride Aggravates Arthritis by TH17 Polarization
Authors: S.M. Jung, J.Y. Kang, H.K. Min, J.H. Koh, Y.S. Suh, J.H. Lee, J. Lee, J.Y. Lee, J.-M. Kim, S.-K. Kwok, K.-S. Park, S.-H. Park, H.-Y. Kim, J.H. Ju
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Recent studies demonstrated that sodium chloride (NaCl) can be a risk factor for autoimmune disease through the induction of pathogenic IL-17 producing T helper (Th17) cells. <h3>Objectives</h3> This study was aimed to evaluate the potential effect of NaCl on Th17 differentiation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and on the inflammation in collagen induced arthritis (CIA) model. <h3>Methods</h3> Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from RA patients were cultured under high salt condition, and analyzed using flowcytometry to determine Th17 population. For evaluation of <i>in vivo</i> effect, CIA mice were fed with normal diet (control group) or high salt diet ad libitum (high salt group). Clinical assessment was performed daily based on visual scoring of paw swelling. The arthrogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow derived cells and mouse splenocytes were evaluated with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and flowcytometry, respectively. <h3>Results</h3> NaCl promoted the induction of Th17 cells from PBMC in RA patients. Th17 differentiation was progressively upregulated as NaCl concentration increased upto 60 mM. Correspondingly, high salt diet exacerbated the arthritis of CIA mice. The arthritis score was considerably elevated in high salt group compared with control group. In high salt group, osteoclast differentiation represented by TRAP activity was more prominent. We also observed the increased expression of CD4+ RORrt+ cells in spleen of high salt fed mice. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study suggests that NaCl can aggravate arthritis via Th17 differentiation. High salt condition can contribute to the development and progression of RA. <h3>References</h3> Kleinewietfeld, M., et al., Sodium chloride drives autoimmune disease by the induction of pathogenic T17 cells. Nature, 2013. Wu, C., et al., Induction of pathogenic TH17 cells by inducible salt-sensing kinase SGK1. Nature, 2013. 496(7446): p. 513-7. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> This work was supported by a grant from the Korea Healthcare Technology R&amp;D Project, Ministry for Health, Welfare &amp; Family Affairs, Republic of Korea (A092258). <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5138
Extrapancreatic Insulin-Secreting Tumor
Authors: Buris R. Boshell, J. J. Kirschenfeld, Pete S. Soteres
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

DOEGE1 reported, in 1930, the first case of fibro-sarcoma associated with hypoglyccmia; however, it was not until 1942 that the specific syndrome of spontaneous hypoglycemia associated with tumors of mesodermal origin was clearly recognized.2 Since that time 39 new cases have been described.3 The location of the tumors has been almost equally distributed between the thoracic, intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal locations. The genesis of this hypoglycemia has remained unexplained for the most part; however, August and Hiatt,4 Miller et al.,5 Volk6 and Whitney and Massey7 have demonstrated insulin-like activity in tumor extracts in patients with hypoglycemia associated with sarcomas.The purpose . . .
A Comparison of Valproate with Carbamazepine for the Treatment of Complex Partial Seizures and Secondarily Generalized Tonic–Clonic Seizures in Adults
Authors: Richard H. Mattson, Joyce A. Cramer, Joseph F. Collins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Valproate is approved for use primarily in patients with absence seizures, but the drug has a broad spectrum of activity against seizures of all types. Partial or secondarily generalized tonic—clonic seizures are often difficult to control adequately with standard treatment, usually carbamazepine or phenytoin.
Stat Bite Potential Reductions in Tobacco-Related Cancers
Authors: Tom Reynolds
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Stat Bite Potential Reductions in Tobacco-Related Cancers Get access Tom Reynolds Tom Reynolds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 6, 18 March 1992, Pages 381–382, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.6.381 Published: 18 March 1992
Evaluation of Time-Phase Effect on 18F-FDG PET/CT Delineation Methods for Treatment Planning of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Yang-Zong Chen, Wen-Feng Li, Jing-Ying Wang, Jin-Meng Wang, Rong-Ying Ou, Xiang-Wu Zheng, Yun-Sheng Xu, Liang Zhao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

Tumor boundary delineation using F-FDG PET/CT is a promising tool for radiotherapy applications, but no consensus has been established regarding the optimal delineation method. Time-phase variability of F-FDG PET/CT imaging frequently affects metabolically active volumes and treatment planning for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study aimed to evaluate the time-phase robustness of 8 methods commonly used for tumor volume delineation in NPC.Twenty patients with biopsy-proven NPC were included and underwent multiple time-phase F-FDG PET/CT imaging. Gross tumor volumes (GTVs), absolute SUV, gradient-based watershed segmentation (GTV-GWT), and anatomic biologic contouring (GTV-ABC) values were determined. The volume of overlap between GTV-CT and the 8 PET-based GTVs was enclosed and the overlap fraction (OF-CT) calculated. Color matrix was used to semiquantify the time-phase differences. Gross tumor volume values obtained with different methods were recorded and compared using paired t test. Time-phase differences of GTVs and SUVmax were compared among groups by analysis of variance with Tukey honest significance tests. The coefficients of variation were computed to assess intrapatient time-phase variability. Similarity coefficient was calculated to evaluate similarity.Differences were observed between GTVs obtained at different time points using various delineation procedures. Nonsignificantly higher percentages were obtained for GTV-GWT (88.17%) and GTV-ABC (86.98%) compared with other methods, showing their robustness. GTV-40% (0.81-0.88) and GTV-ABC (0.82-0.88) indicated higher similarity with GTV-MRI than the other methods.PET/CT-based GTV-ABC between 35 and 55 minutes should be the first choice for NPC treatment planning.
SAT0455 Prevalence of behçet’s disease in south-west germany among the adult turkish and german population
Authors: F. Riewerts, J.C. Henes, C. Deuter, H.-M. Lorenz, F. Mackensen, H. Döhner, H.H. Peter, I. Kötter
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To estimate the prevalence of Behçet's disease (BD) among the adult Turkish and German population in Southern Wuerttemberg and Baden-Wuerttemberg. <h3>Methods</h3> The study was conducted using two sources: A questionnaire was sent to 8000 general practitioners, rheumatologists, internal specialists, orthopaedic specialists, dermatologists, ENT-specialists and ophthalmologists in Southern Wuerttemberg. In addition, a random sample of 96 physicians of the same specialities was taken. Furthermore, all university hospitals, hospitals of maximum medical care and rheumatologists in Baden-Wuerttemberg were contacted. Then the results were correlated to the population of Southern Wuerttemberg and Baden-Wuerttemberg, based on data of the State Statistics Office. The prevalences were calculated per 100.000 inhabitants with indication of the 95%&gt;confidence interval (CI, exact Poisson CI). <h3>Results</h3> 31 patients were reported in Southern Wuerttemberg and 200 patients in Baden-Wuerttemberg. The prevalence among the Turkish population is 34,44/100.000 in Southern Wuerttemberg and27,71/100.000 in Baden-Wuerttemberg, considering the migration background. The prevalence among the German population does not differ between the two regions and amounts to 0,82/100.000 inhabitants. When correlated to inhabitants without migration background, the prevalence is much higher (1,05/100.000). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The prevalence of BD among the Turkish population in Germany is much lower than in Turkey, where it is in the range between 80-420/100.000. This supports other studies which proposed strong environmental influences on the expression of BD. Furthermore a south-north-disparity becomes apparent. Similar results have also been described for Japan. The prevalence in the German population is comparable to the prevalence in other north-western European populations. The difference to the prevalence in Berlin, the highest nationwide with 1,47/100.000 inhabitants, is probably caused by the multi-ethnic character of the urban Berlin population or immigrants from high-prevalence countries, as only patients with German nationality (not subtracting people with migration background) probably have been counted in Berlin. However, our results for people with German nationality (passport) are even lower with 0.82/100.000. Hence, another probable reason for this difference is a difference in methodology of the Berlin and the present study, which cannot be commented on, as no data on the methodology of the Berlin study are available. The present study is the first one to study the prevalence of BD in a defined region in Germany with a prospective approach (not registry-based) and considering the migration background. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
The PEBP2β/CBFβ-SMMHC chimeric protein is localized both in the cell membrane and nuclear subfractions of leukemic cells carrying chromosomal inversion 16
Authors: S Kanto, N Chiba, Y Tanaka, S Fujita, M Endo, N Kamada, K Yoshikawa, A Fukuzaki, S Orikasa, T Watanabe, M Satake
Journal: Leukemia (2000)
Intra-Blood–Brain-Barrier Synthesis of HTLV-III-Specific IgG in Patients with Neurologic Symptoms Associated with AIDS or AIDS-Related Complex
Authors: Lionel Resnick, Fulvia diMarzo-Veronese, Jörg Schüpbach, Wallace W. Tourtellotte, David D. Ho, Franco Müller, Paul Shapshak, Markus Vogt, Jerome E. Groopman, Phillip D. Markham, Robert C. Gallo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Intra-Blood–Brain-Barrier Synthesis of HTLV-III-Specific IgG in Patients with Neurologic Symptoms Associated with AIDS or AIDS-Related Complex
Abstract 3849: Mast cell inhibition by Btk inhibitor PCI-32765 as a potential cancer therapy
Authors: Laura Soucek, Lee Honigberg, Roderik Kortlever, Joseph Buggy, Lamorna Swigart, Gerard I. Evan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract An association between inflammation and cancer has long been recognized but the cause and effect relationship linking the two remains unclear. Myc is a pleiotropic transcription factor that is over-expressed in many human cancers and instructs multiple extracellular aspects of the tumor tissue phenotype, including remodeling of tumor stroma and angiogenesis. We have shown in a β cell tumor model that Myc activation in vivo triggers rapid recruitment of mast cells to the tumor site, a recruitment that is absolutely required for macroscopic tumor expansion. Indeed, such tumors did not grow in mast cell deficient mice. Furthermore, treatment of established β cell tumors with cromolyn, a stabilizer that prevents mast cell degranulation, rapidly triggered hypoxia and cell death of tumor and endothelial cells. Inhibitors of mast cell function may therefore prove therapeutically useful in restraining expansion and survival of pancreatic cancer. However, such compounds have not yet been developed for systemic administration and applications in cancer therapy. In fact, there are no clinically effective mast-cell blockers. Therefore, we tested PCI-32765 (Pharmacyclics, Inc.), a Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor in clinical trials for B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, for its ability to inhibit mast cell function and tumorigenesis in our mouse model of β cell neoplasia. Here we show that long term treatment with PCI-32765 prevents mast cell degranulation and causes tumor regression and vasculature collapse. Surprisingly, the compound also displays an unexpected anti-proliferative effect on tumor cells - but not surrounding normal tissue - which is still under investigation. Our results once more support the idea that mast cell inhibition could be beneficial in the treatment of insulinomas and possibly other pancreatic cancers and suggests that PCI-32765 could open the way to clinical studies assessing this potential. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3849.
The Effect of Pravastatin on Coronary Events after Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Average Cholesterol Levels
Authors: Frank M. Sacks, Marc A. Pfeffer, Lemuel A. Moye, Jean L. Rouleau, John D. Rutherford, Thomas G. Cole, Lisa Brown, J. Wayne Warnica, J. Malcolm O. Arnold, Chuan-Chuan Wun, Barry R. Davis, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

In patients with high cholesterol levels, lowering the cholesterol level reduces the risk of coronary events, but the effect of lowering cholesterol levels in the majority of patients with coronary disease, who have average levels, is less clear.In a double-blind trial lasting five years we administered either 40 mg of pravastatin per day or placebo to 4159 patients (3583 men and 576 women) with myocardial infarction who had plasma total cholesterol levels below 240 mg per deciliter (mean, 209) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels of 115 to 174 mg per deciliter (mean, 139). The primary end point was a fatal coronary event or a nonfatal myocardial infarction.The frequency of the primary end point was 10.2 percent in the pravastatin group and 13.2 percent in the placebo group, an absolute difference of 3 percentage points and a 24 percent reduction in risk (95 percent confidence interval, 9 to 36 percent; P = 0.003). Coronary bypass surgery was needed in 7.5 percent of the patients in the pravastatin group and 10 percent of those in the placebo group, a 26 percent reduction (P=0.005), and coronary angioplasty was needed in 8.3 percent of the pravastatin group and 10.5 percent of the placebo group, a 23 percent reduction (P=0.01). The frequency of stroke was reduced by 31 percent (P=0.03). There were no significant differences in overall mortality or mortality from noncardiovascular causes. Pravastatin lowered the rate of coronary events more among women than among men. The reduction in coronary events was also greater in patients with higher pretreatment levels of LDL cholesterol.These results demonstrate that the benefit of cholesterol-lowering therapy extends to the majority of patients with coronary disease who have average cholesterol levels.
Authors' reply to Yudkin and Lipska
Authors: B. Hemmingsen, S. S. Lund, C. Gluud, A. Vaag, T. Almdal, C. Hemmingsen, J. Wetterslev
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Yudkin and Lipska note that we did not present the numbers needed to treat for the assessed outcomes in our systematic review.1 2 According to the Cochrane Collaboration, a relative measure—for example, relative risk or odds ratio—is preferred for reporting intervention effects because it remains more stable across different risk groups.3 Therefore, we reported the relative risk ratio for all outcomes.2

Furthermore, we reported the absolute risk difference for the composite microvascular outcome and retinopathy. …
Methods for perfusing the male reproductive tract: models for studying drug and hormone metabolism
Authors: C. W. Bardin, H. W. G. Baker, L. S. Jefferson, R. J. Santen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Methods for perfusing rat testis and accessory sex organs in situ by recirculating artificial medium to the hemicorpus preparation are described. The advantages and limitations of this system for studying the male reproductive tract were examined. The preparation was then used to study the uptake of androgens into the nuclei of caput epididymis, ventral prostate, seminal vesicle and testis. The accumulation of dihydrotestosterone and accessory sex organ nuclei was saturable and inhibited by perfusion of excess testosterone or cyproterone acetate. By contrast, testosterone was the major nuclear androgen in the testis of mature hypophysectomized preparations perfused with testosterone. In all parts of the reproductive tract, 3H-nuclear androgens were associated with 3S, salt-extractable macromolecules within the properties of androgen receptors. The hemicorpus preparation was extensively compared with two techniques (selective and isolated) for perfusing the testis directly. Of these two procedures, the isolated method was superior when only the testes were studied. However, the hemicorpus preparation offers the advantage of studying testes along with the remainder of the male reproductive tract. A variety of observations suggest that these perfusion procedures will be useful for the study of drug as well as hormone metabolism and mechanism of action.
Abstract 4786: Biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma in salivary proteome
Authors: Jose Guillermo Villagomez, Lyssia Castellanos, Alette Ortega, Diego Zavala, Guadalupe Ponciano, Oscar G. Arrieta, Juan Pablo Reyes, Gabriela E. Mercado
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Lung cancer is the major cause of cancer-related deaths and has a poor prognosis with a 5-yr overall survival of &amp;lt;10%, mostly due to lack of early stage diagnosis. Cigarette smoking is estimated to be responsible for &amp;gt;80% of the cases. Previous studies have demonstrated that former smokers have a higher risk of lung cancer compared to nonsmokers. Early detection of lung cancer would improve the overall survival of this disease. However, there is no validated screening test for lung cancer. To develop an early detection test, we selected saliva as the biofluid of choice due to its accessibility, protein content that provides diagnostic information on a variety of diseases, including cancer. To identify differentially expressed proteins in saliva from individuals with lung adenocarcinoma, whole saliva samples were collected from 6 patients with lung adenocarcinoma and 6 matched healthy controls (male individuals, &amp;gt;40 years, smokers &amp;gt;10 pack year). Proteins and peptides from whole saliva samples were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis identifying 20 differentially expressed protein spots. Mass spectrometry analysis identified 63 peptides and revealed fourteen non-redundant proteins in saliva obtained from lung adenocarcinoma patients. Four of these proteins have been previously reported as serum biomarkers of cancer, and two of them were associated with non-small cell lung cancer. These potential biomarkers are being tested in an independent and larger cohort for validation. Patient-based saliva proteomics is a promising approach to searching for cancer biomarkers. Further characterization of these markers may provide the basis for new, noninvasive tests for screening, detection, and monitoring of high-risk individuals. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4786. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4786