tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rectal lymphogranuloma venereum mimicking cancer
Authors: J. Hechtman, C. DiMaio, J. Matloff, N. Harpaz, H. Zhu
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 63-year-old man with history of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), intravenous drug use, and recent anaphylaxis complicated by acute kidney injury presented with nausea, vomiting, constipation, rectal bleeding, and abdominal pain for 3 days. Laboratory findings included a CD4 count of 104/mm3, anemia with hemoglobin of 10.9 g/dL and hematocrit of 31.7 %, elevated blood urea nitrogen (42 mg/dL) and creatinine (2.05 mg/dL), hyperphosphatemia (11.3 mg/dL), and hypocalcemia (7.8 mg/dL). Microbiology studies including cytomegalovirus polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Clostridium difficile toxin, tissue and blood cultures as well as stool ova and parasites were negative. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed dilation from the rectum to the ascending colon up to 8.9 cm. The patient was started on oral calcium acetate for hyperphosphatemia.
THU0394 Macrophage activation syndrome in adult onset still’s disease: A single center experience
Authors: L.O. Damian, I. Felea, S.-P. Simon, M. Lupse, C. Bodolea, L. Ghib, R. Mocanu, S. Rednic
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is an increasingly recognised life-threatening complication of autoimmune diseases, occurring mainly in systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA) and adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD). <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study is to describe the clinical features and therapy of MAS in AOSD from a single Romanian medical center. <h3>Methods</h3> The medical charts of AOSD patients seen between 2001 and 2011 in a tertiary referral center were reviewed in order to identify the cases of MAS. The adult patients with MAS and SoJIA were excluded. All patients with AOSD met the Yamaguchi criteria. MAS was diagnosed using the preliminary Ravelli criteria for SoJIA. Clinical and laboratory assessments were recorded comparatively for a patient in the episode of MAS and outside of it. <h3>Results</h3> Between the 61 patients with AOSD identified, 6 patients (4 M, 2 F, aged 24-72 years, mean age 47 yrs) had at least one flare of MAS. In 2 patients MAS was the inaugural feature of AOSD. During the MAS episode all patients hadhigh- grade continuous fever, CNS involvement and hepatomegalia. Interstitial lung involvement was seen in 4 cases. Arthritis was not prominent during the episode. Five patients had thrombocytopenia, 3 had leukopenia and all had moderate to severe anemia. Hemophagocytosis was histologically confirmed in only two cases. Ferritin values were high (460 to 22000) in all 5 cases in whom it was available; however the degree of elevation was not a reliable marker for MAS. Elevated liver enzymes and hypertriglyceridemia were constant features; hyposodemia was present only in 2 patients. Despite the coagulation abnormalities found in 4 cases, only one patient had hemorrhages. Of interest, the 4 patients with hypocomplementemia (C3 and/or C4) had a more severe form of disease and lung involvement. The therapy consisted in pulsed methylprednisolone (6 pts), mechanical ventilation (1 pt), plasmaferesis (1 pt), cyclosporine (4 pts), azathioprine (2 pts), methotrexate (1 pt), hydroxychloroquine (1 pt), colchicine (1 pt) and oral corticosteroids, according to clinical picture. After recovery from MAS, the blood cell counts and complement titers returned to normal or high values. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A high index of suspicion is necessary to identify the patients at risk for MAS in AOSD. Low blood cell counts, hypocomplementemia, hypertriglyceridemia and coagulation abnormalities could help to discriminate between a flare of AOSD and MAS, but validated guidelines are needed. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Commentary: Biomedical Sciences and Mathematical Statistics in Japan: Personal Experiences and Future Outlook
Authors: Akio Kudo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

A successful application of statistics to medical sciences is our experience with analysis of data from the Cornell Medical Index-Health Questionnaire. (1-13). K. Fukamachi and T. Kanehisa of Kyushu University translated the Cornell Medical Index Questionnaire and tried to establish a diagnostic rule to distinguish neurotic and mentally unhealthy patients from mentally  patients at the department of internal medicine at Kyushu University hospital. I was approached for suggestions. After some analysis I decided to reduce the data to a bivariate form. The first component was the square root of the number of physical complaints. The reason was an intuitive one based on various scatter diagrams and also on the outcome of a preliminary statistical analysis made by Dr. Fukamachi regarding a comparison of numbers of complaints between mentally  patients and in  ones in various categories. They collected data for several years and had accumulated data on 50 solidly diagnosed psychosomatic cases and 50 nonpsychosomatic cases. I drew lines representing the linear discrimination function and added two more lines indicating what are called the doubtful  in the terminology of Rao (14). Thus there are four regions. If the data fall in the first region, the patient is diagnosed suffering from psychosomatic illness; this is the region consisting of points deviating significantly from the mentally  patients' mean vector. The second region is one where patients are tentatively diagnosed suffering from psychosomatic illness; in this region the points do not lie a significant distance from those for healthy patients, but the value of the linear discriminant function indicates the patient has a psychosomatic complaint. The third and fourth regions are for patients provisionally diagnosed and de-
Diving for Drugs: Scientists Search The Sea
Authors: N. Volkers
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Diving for Drugs: Scientists Search The Sea Get access Nancy Volkers Nancy Volkers Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 14, 15 July 1992, Pages 1062–1063, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.14.1062 Published: 15 July 1992
GD2-specific CAR T Cells Undergo Potent Activation and Deletion Following Antigen Encounter but can be Protected From Activation-induced Cell Death by PD-1 Blockade
Authors: Tessa Gargett, Wenbo Yu, Gianpietro Dotti, Eric S Yvon, Susan N Christo, John D Hayball, Ian D Lewis, Malcolm K Brenner, Michael P Brown
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2016)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown great promise in the treatment of hematologic malignancies but more variable results in the treatment of solid tumors and the persistence and expansion of CAR T cells within patients has been identified as a key correlate of antitumor efficacy. Lack of immunological "space", functional exhaustion, and deletion have all been proposed as mechanisms that hamper CAR T-cell persistence. Here we describe the events following activation of third-generation CAR T cells specific for GD2. CAR T cells had highly potent immediate effector functions without evidence of functional exhaustion in vitro, although reduced cytokine production reversible by PD-1 blockade was observed after longer-term culture. Significant activation-induced cell death (AICD) of CAR T cells was observed after repeated antigen stimulation, and PD-1 blockade enhanced both CAR T-cell survival and promoted killing of PD-L1+ tumor cell lines. Finally, we assessed CAR T-cell persistence in patients enrolled in the CARPETS phase 1 clinical trial of GD2-specific CAR T cells in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Together, these data suggest that deletion also occurs in vivo and that PD-1-targeted combination therapy approaches may be useful to augment CAR T-cell efficacy and persistence in patients. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown great promise in the treatment of hematologic malignancies but more variable results in the treatment of solid tumors and the persistence and expansion of CAR T cells within patients has been identified as a key correlate of antitumor efficacy. Lack of immunological "space", functional exhaustion, and deletion have all been proposed as mechanisms that hamper CAR T-cell persistence. Here we describe the events following activation of third-generation CAR T cells specific for GD2. CAR T cells had highly potent immediate effector functions without evidence of functional exhaustion in vitro, although reduced cytokine production reversible by PD-1 blockade was observed after longer-term culture. Significant activation-induced cell death (AICD) of CAR T cells was observed after repeated antigen stimulation, and PD-1 blockade enhanced both CAR T-cell survival and promoted killing of PD-L1+ tumor cell lines. Finally, we assessed CAR T-cell persistence in patients enrolled in the CARPETS phase 1 clinical trial of GD2-specific CAR T cells in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Together, these data suggest that deletion also occurs in vivo and that PD-1-targeted combination therapy approaches may be useful to augment CAR T-cell efficacy and persistence in patients.
IMPACT OF PRECISION OF LUMEN BOUNDARY EXTRACTED FROM CORONARY CT ON FFRCT: VALIDATION WITH OCT
Authors: Takayoshi Toba, Gilwoo Choi, Kenzo Uzu, Hyun Jin Kim, Arjun Roy, Tran Nguyen, Michiel Schaap, Leo Grady, Shumpei Mori, Tomofumi Takaya, Toshiro Shinke, Charles Taylor, Hiromasa Otake
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
CHA2DS2-VASC VERSUS HAS-BLED SCORE FOR PREDICTING RISK OF MAJOR BLEEDING AND ISCHEMIC STROKE IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: INSIGHTS FROM RE-LY TRIAL
Authors: Nima Zamiri, John Eikelboom, Paul Reilly, Michael Ezekowitz, Jonas Oldgren, Salim Yusuf, Stuart Connolly
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
DEBATING THE MERITS OF COMPLETE VERSUS CULPRIT-ONLY REVASCULARIZATION IN ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITH MULTI-VESSEL CORONARY DISEASE: AN UPDATED SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED TRIALS
Authors: Kevin R. Bainey, Robert Welsh, Bora Toklu, Sripal Bangalore
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
THE ROLE OF PLATELET REACTIVITY UNDER NOVEL P2Y12 RECEPTOR INHIBITORS IN PREDICTING 1-YEAR BLEEDING EVENTS
Authors: Ioanna Xanthopoulou, Niki Vlassopoulou, Ilianna Bei, Ioanna Pentara, Angelos Perperis, Nikolaos Barampoutis, Periklis Davlouros, George Hahalis, Dimitrios Alexopoulos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
AB0459 Rheumatologic manifestations of behçet’s disease: 250 cases
Authors: K. Ben Abdelghani, K. Ben Abdelghani, M. Mahfoudhi, F. Jaziri, S. Turki, C. Ben Taarit, A. Kheder
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Behçet'sdisease (BD) is a chronic relapsing multisystem inflammatory disorder that is manifest in oro-genital ulcerations, characteristic skin lesions, intraocular inflammation and, less commonly, vascular, gastrointestinal, and neurologic manifestationsJoint manifestations are common in Behçet'sdisease, Their unusual forms deserve to be known <h3>Objectives</h3> To define the epidemiology and the clinical features of Behçet'sdisease giving special attention to unusual forms. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective review of 250 cases with joint manifestations identified among 330 cases of Behçet'sdisease seen over a 20-year period. All the patients met International Study Group for Behçet'sdisease criteria. Radiographs of all joints with arthritis were obtained. Starting ten years ago, a radiograph of the sacroiliac joint was taken routinely <h3>Results</h3> Joint manifestations were present in 75% and were inaugural in 30% of cases. Inflammatory arthralgias were the most common manifestation and observed in 81%, interesting mainly the large lower limb joints. Arthritis was less common: oligoarthritis (35%), monoarthritis (25%) and polyarthritis (15%). Sacroiliitis was observed in 7% of patients. Unusual forms like destruction polyarthritis, popliteal cyst, myositis were rare. Joint involvement is common in BD and could be the first manifestation of the disease. Most of the patients present with inflammatory arthralgias of the large lower limb joints. Disease course is usually favorable, spontaneously or with treatment. However, in our study population, skeletal manifestations were responsible for significant disability <h3>Conclusions</h3> Joint manifestations are common in Behçet'sdisease and could be the first manifestation of the disease. Their unusual forms deserve to be known since they can raise diagnostic problems when they are inaugural. Most of the patients present with inflammatory arthralgiasof the large lower limb joints. Disease course is usually favorable, spontaneously or with treatment. However, in our study population, skeletal manifestations were responsible for significant disability <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract 879: Mitochondrial DNA content and its association with lung cancer risk and clinical outcomes
Authors: Xia Pu, Scott M. Lippman, Jian Gu, Jingliang Xing, Joe Chang, David Chang, Margaret R. Spitz, Xifeng Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Mitochondrion is an essential cellular organelle generating energy, and also plays a key role in the initiation and regulation of apoptosis. Impaired mitochondria function may inhibit apoptosis; enhance reactive oxygen species and generate cancer related proteins. The difference in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content (also termed mtDNA copy number) may contribute to cancer predisposition as well as variations in clinical outcomes. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a large-scale case-control study to investigate the role of mtDNA content in lung cancer etiology and clinical outcomes. MtDNA content in 2,442 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients and 2,417 matched controls were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Clinical outcome data were collected for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (2,020 subjects). We analyzed the association of MtDNA copy number with the risk of developing lung cancer and also the clinical outcomes in NSCLC patients. MtDNA content was significantly lower in patients than controls (mean=1.17 vs. 1.23, P=4.28×10−4). Compared to higher mtDNA content (above the median value in the controls), lower mtDNA content was associated with a significantly increased risk for lung cancer (OR=1.25, 95%CI=1.11-1.41, P=1.52×10−4). In the trend analysis, we detected a significant dose-response relationship between mtDNA content and risk, as lower mtDNA content was associated with a progressively increased risk for lung cancer (P-trend=1.40×10−4). In the analysis of clinical outcomes, a significant difference in mtDNA content was observed between death and survival groups (mean=1.12 vs. 1.27, P=6.62×10−4) in early stage (stage I and II) NSCLC patients. Compared to those who have higher mtDNA content, patients who have lower mtDNA content had a 45% higher risk for death (HR=1.34, 95%CI=1.05-1.71, P=0.019), and a dramatically shorter survival time (58 months vs. 96 months, log-rank P=5.68×10−4). A dose-response effect of increased risk for death was found with decreased mtDNA content (P-trend=0.048) in this group of patients. No significant results were found in advance stage (stage III and IV) patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the association of MtDNA copy number with lung cancer risk and clinical outcomes. Our results suggested that lower mtDNA content is associated with increased lung cancer risk and poor prognosis in early stage NSCLC patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 879.
1042 SHORT-TERM EVALUATION OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AFTER SINGLE-STEP COMBINED TREATMENT: USEFULNESS OF CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Authors: M.A. Zocco, B.E. Annicchiarico, M. Garcovich, F.R. Ponziani, A. Tortora, F. Barbaro, R. Iezzi, V. Cesario, A.M. De Gaetano, L. Bonomo, M. Siciliano, A. Gasbarrini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Outbreak of Tuberculosis among Regular Patrons of a Neighborhood Bar
Authors: Susan E. Kline, Linda L. Hedemark, Scott F. Davies
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Outbreaks of tuberculosis have been reported in prisons, nursing homes, urban homeless shelters, and other crowded settings. We report a nonresidential outbreak of tuberculosis that originated in a neighborhood bar.A homeless patient with highly infectious pulmonary tuberculosis was a regular patron of a neighborhood bar during a long symptomatic interval before diagnosis. We investigated 97 other regular customers and employees of the bar through interviews, tuberculin skin testing, and chest roentgenography. We performed DNA fingerprinting on isolates from the index patient and 11 other patients.The index patient apparently infected 41 of 97 contacts (42 percent), resulting in 14 cases of active tuberculosis and 27 cases of infection but no disease (indicated by positive tuberculin skin tests). Four other cases of active tuberculosis occurred among regular customers of the bar who were missed by the contact investigation. There were also two secondary cases. Radiographic findings in active cases included upper-lobe disease in seven cases (three cavitary) and negative chest films at the time of diagnosis in four cases. All 12 culture isolates we tested had the same chromosomal-DNA restriction pattern.The spread of tuberculosis in a neighborhood bar can be a major public health problem. The high rate of infection and disease among the contacts was unexpected and was not due to coinfection with the human immunodeficiency virus. Possible explanations include heavy alcohol use among the contacts, high infectivity of the index case, or both. Sputum cultures must be performed in tuberculin-positive contacts who have symptoms, even if the chest films are normal.
Abstract 4945: Epigenetic silencing of microRNA-34b/c in human gastric cancer
Authors: Hiromu Suzuki, Eiichiro Yamamoto, Masanori Nojima, Takashi Tokino, Kohzoh Imai, Minoru Toyota, Yasuhisa Shinomura
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Altered expression of microRNA (miRNA) is strongly implicated in cancer, and recent studies have shown that some miRNAs are silenced in association with CpG island hypermethylation in cancer. To identify epigenetically silenced miRNAs in gastric cancer (GC), we screened for miRNAs induced by 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (DAC) and 4-phenylburtyrate (PBA) treatment in GC cell lines. By using miRNA microarray (Agilent technologies), we analyzed a panel of 470 miRNAs in MKN74 and AGS cells treated with or without DAC and PBA, and found that 172 and 151 of the miRNAs were significantly upregulated (&amp;gt;5-fold) by the drug treatment, respectively. Among them, we noted miR-34b and miR-34c, which are direct targets of p53, and are frequently silenced in colorectal cancer. Here, we show that miR-34b and -c are frequently downregulated in GC in association with DNA hypermethylation. Reporter assay revealed strong promoter activity in the upstream CpG island of miR-34b/c. Methylation of the CpG island was frequently observed in GC cell lines (13/13, 100%) and primary GC specimens (83/118, 70%), but not in normal gastric mucosa. By in situ hybridization analysis, we observed downregulated expression of miR-34b in primary GC specimens. Methylation of the CpG island was also detected in the non-tumorous gastric mucosa of the GC patients. Notably, quantitative methylation analysis by bisulfite-pyrosequencing revealed higher methylation levels in gastric mucosa with multiple GCs than those with single GCs. Transfection of precursor molecules of miR-34b or miR-34c into GC cells suppressed cellular growth. Gene expression microarray analysis revealed that miR-34b or miR-34c induced dramatic changes in the gene expression profile in GC cells. Particularly, “cell cycle” and “M phase” genes are significantly enriched among the genes downregulated by miR-34b/c. Our results suggest that miR-34b/c are novel tumor suppressors in GC, and that methylation of miR-34b/c CpG island might be a useful marker to predict GC risk. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4945.
Woman in Northern Ireland who bought abortion pills online is given suspended sentence
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2016)

A 21 year old woman in Northern Ireland who bought pills on the internet to induce a miscarriage has been given a three month suspended prison sentence.

The woman, whose identity is protected by a court order, became pregnant at age 19 and was unable to raise the money to travel to England for a termination. She claimed that she had contacted an abortion clinic in England for advice and was told that she could buy mifepristone and misoprostol online.

After taking the drugs and miscarrying in July 2014, she was reported to police by her flatmates, who …
THU0062 The Potential Role of Mast Cells in the C-Protein Induced Myositis Model
Authors: K. Shin, J. Y. Choi, S. H. Chang, Y. W. Song
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Mast cells (MCs) function as immune sentinel cells in the tissue. The well-known cellular infiltrate in inflammatory myositis mainly consists of macrophages and lymphocytes that produce numerous inflammatory cytokines and chemokines augmenting inflammatory cell infiltration and damage of myofibers. The role of tissue-resident MCs has not been well studied in inflammatory myositis. <h3>Objectives</h3> To study the phenotype and role of MCs in a murine myositis model. <h3>Methods</h3> C-protein induced myositis (CIM) was induced with human skeletal C-protein fragment in 8 week-old female MC-deficient SASH mice and C57BL/6 controls. Quadriceps muscles of both legs were harvested at day 21. Toluidine blue stain was used to identify degranulating MCs in the muscle tissue. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect mouse mast cell protease (mMCP)-1, -4, -5, -6 positive MCs. <h3>Results</h3> MCs were mainly located in the connective tissue between fascicles showing a connective tissue MC phenotype. The density of MCs and percentage of degranulating MCs per 5 high power field (HPF) were increased in CIM tissues (Figure). MC deficient mice had lower histology score of muscle inflammation compared with controls. The difference mainly attributed to abrogated invasiveness of inflammatory infiltrates into fascicles in MC deficient mice. <h3>Image/graph</h3> <h3>Conclusions</h3> Connective tissue-type MCs in skeletal muscles are activated upon CIM induction. MCs facilitate tissue invasion of inflammatory infiltrates into muscles in the CIM model. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> We would like to thank Dr. Hitoshi Kohsaka for providing the C-protein construct and helpful discussions regarding this study. We also thank Dr. Michael Gurish for the antibodies. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Discontinuing Donepezil or Starting Memantine for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Lon S. Schneider
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Donepezil, the most frequently prescribed cholinesterase inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, was marketed in 1997 on the basis of the results of 3-month and 6-month clinical trials showing that patients had improvements in cognitive test scores and in the ability to perform daily activities, and subsequent trials indicated that the drug had efficacy over the course of 1 to 2 years.1 About half of the patients who are prescribed cholinesterase inhibitors, however, discontinue them within a year, apparently because of a perceived lack of efficacy and adverse effects such as anorexia, weight loss, agitation, bradycardia, and syncope.2 Cholinesterase . . .