tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Isoniazid Hepatitis
Authors: THEODORE L. BADGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 November 1973Isoniazid HepatitisTHEODORE L. BADGER, M.D.THEODORE L. BADGER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-5-751 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the editorial by Stead and Texter, "Isoniazid Hepatitis: Backlash of Progress," in the ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, 79:125-127, 1973, the advice for supervising patients taking isoniazid prophylactically or for treatment is sound and judicious.It is of interest, however, that the liver is much like the lung in one respect; its similar pathologic response to various insults. The U.S. Public Health Service report on nationwide studies of hepatitis associated with the use of isoniazid showed a high morbidity and mortality only in Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, Maryland. In both places other factors of chronic disease were...References1. BAILEYTAYLORDASCOMB WSH: Disturbed Hepatic Function During Isoniazid Chemoprophylaxis. Am Rev Resp Dis 107:523-529, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. BYRDNELSONELLIOT RRR: A Prospective Study In Secondary Chemoprophylaxis. JAMA 220:1471-1473, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. MADDREYBOITNOTT WJ: Isoniazid hepatitis. Ann Intern Med 79:1-12, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar2. STEADTEXTER WE: Isoniazid hepatitis: backlash of progress. Ann Intern Med 79:125-127, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar3. : Isoniazid and liver disease. Am Rev Resp Dis 104:454-459, 1971 CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 264 Beacon St. Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1973Volume 79, Issue 5Page: 751-752KeywordsHepatitisHepatitis AIsoniazidLiverLungsMedical servicesMorbidityMortality Issue Published: 1 November 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Bleak Outlook — Selection of Medical Students — Lessons of Doctors’ Industrial Action
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

IT would be churlish not to give Mrs. Barbara Castle, Secretary of State at the Department of Health and Social Security, credit for her strenuous and successful efforts to protect her department from the worst effects of the cuts in public expenditure announced in the Government's recent White Paper1 on this subject. Even so, as the British Medical Journal2 points out, the National Health Service (NHS) will still face a bleak financial outlook, at least for the remainder of the present decade. Thus, whereas its budget rose by 14.5 per cent between 1971 and 1975, the projected growth over the . . .
The International Text-Book of Surgery.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The unmotivated patient syndrome: survey of therapeutic interventions
Authors: Y Nir, R Cutler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

The authors describe five groups of patients who have been found to respond poorly to psychiatric treatment--people from lower socioeconomic groups, juvenile delinquents, drug-addicted individuals, alcoholics and military psychiatric patients. Although these groups of patients represent different etiologies and symptom-specific pathologies, many of their members have in common a lack of motivation for change. The authors discuss the reasons for this lack of motivation, suggesting that focusing on this factor would promote a better understanding of the unmotivated patient syndrome and lead to the development of more effective psychotherapeutic efforts.
Worn
Authors: Sunita Puri
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DSM-III field trials: II. Initial experience with the multiaxial system
Authors: R L Spitzer, J B Forman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

The multiaxial system of DSM-III includes nondiagnostic data that are valuable in understanding possible etiological factors and in treatment planning and prognosis. The authors describe the reliability of axis IV--severity of psychosocial stressors--and axis V--highest level of adaptive functioning in the past year--for 281 adult patients interviewed in phase one of the DSM-III field trials. The kappa coefficient of agreement for axis IV was .62 for joint interviews and .58 for separate interviews, which the authors consider at least fair. Reliability for axis V was quite good, .80 for joint interviews and .69 for separate interviews. Eighty-one percent of the participating clinicians judged the multiaxial system to be a useful addition to traditional diagnostic evaluation, although many indicated that they had difficulty quantifying severity of psychosocial stressors.
Abstract A30: Two faces of YAP: Oncogene in malignant progression but barrier for phenotypic transition in LKB1-deficient lung cancer
Authors: Wenjing Zhang, Yijun Gao, Xiangkun Han, Fuming Li, Hongbin Ji
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Hippo signaling is actively involved in adult tissue homeostasis and cell fate determination. Previous studies have linked the activation of YAP (the major downstream effector of Hippo pathway) with LKB1 deficiency. Here, we characterize the function of YAP in the malignant progression and phenotypic plasticity of LKB1-deficient lung tumors. Using various lung cancer mouse models, we show that YAP expression significantly accelerates lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) malignant progression in KrasG12D mice whereas YAP deletion dramatically delays the process in Lkb1L/L/KrasG12D mice, suggesting that YAP functions as an essential mediator of malignant progression of Lkb1-deficient lung ADC. Further mechanistic studies identified Survivin as the mediator downstream of YAP in promoting malignant progression of Lkb1-deficient lung ADC. Knockdown of Survivin mimics the inhibitory phenotype of YAP knockdown whereas ectopic expression of Survivin rescues the inhibitory function of YAP knockdown. Our previous work has shown LKB1 inactivation confers lung ADC with strong plasticity to progressively change the cell fate and transit to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We find that ectopic YAP expression dramatically inhibits ADC to SCC transdifferentiation whereas knockdown of YAP conversely accelerates the transition process. YAP is initially activated by LKB1 loss in ADC, leading to ZEB2 up-regulation in ADC cells, which binds to DNp63 gene promoter to repress DNp63 transcription. During the transition process, extracellular matrix (ECM) depletion in ADC inactivates YAP, thus relieves ZEB2 mediated default repression on DNp63 transcription in ADC, leading to the initiation of squamous differentiation program. Together, these findings uncover the two faces of YAP in lung tumor malignant progression and phenotypic plasticity. YAP is an essential mediator of malignant progression of Lkb1-deficient lung ADC via regulating Survivin whereas an important barrier for lung cancer transdifferentiation through ZEB2 dependent DNp63 repression. Those works shed light on the fundamental role of YAP in regulating cancer progression and lineage phenotypic transition in LKB1 deficient lung tumors, which might help future development of better therapeutic strategies. Citation Format: Wenjing Zhang, Yijun Gao, Xiangkun Han, Fuming Li, Hongbin Ji. Two faces of YAP: Oncogene in malignant progression but barrier for phenotypic transition in LKB1-deficient lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2015 Oct 23-26; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A30.
Dimethylthiourea Inhibition of Melanoma Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo2
Authors: Jardena Nordenberg, Doron Aloni, Lina Wasserman, Einat Beery, Kurt H. Stenzel, Abraham Novogrodsky
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

The effect of dimethylthiourea (DMTU), an agent known as a hydroxyl radical scavenger, was determined on growth and differentiation of the B16 murine melanoma cell line. DMTU inhibited melanoma cell growth in vitro and induced changes in the morphology of melanoma cells. Prolonged treatment of cells with DMTU resulted in an increase in melanin content. DMTU-treated melanoma cells had a decreased capacity to form tumors in syngeneic mice. Systemic administration of DMT to C57BL/6J mice inoculated with melanoma cells resulted in a delay in tumor appearance and a prolongation of survival. The doses of DMTU used did not cause any apparent toxic effects. A potential therapeutic role for DMTU in the treatment of melanoma is suggested.
mTORC1-Driven Tumor Cells Are Highly Sensitive to Therapeutic Targeting by Antagonists of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Jing Li, Sejeong Shin, Yang Sun, Sang-Oh Yoon, Chenggang Li, Erik Zhang, Jane Yu, Jianming Zhang, John Blenis
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

mTORC1 is a central signaling node in controlling cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism that is aberrantly activated in cancers and certain cancer-associated genetic disorders, such as tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis. However, while mTORC1-inhibitory compounds (rapamycin and rapalogs) attracted interest as candidate therapeutics, clinical trials have not replicated the promising findings in preclinical models, perhaps because these compounds tend to limit cell proliferation without inducing cell death. In seeking to address this issue, we performed a high-throughput screen for small molecules that could heighten the cytotoxicity of mTORC1 inhibitors. Here we report the discovery that combining inhibitors of mTORC1 and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) can selectively and efficiently trigger apoptosis in Tsc2-deficient cells but not wild-type cells. Mechanistic investigations revealed that coinhibition of mTORC1 and GCLC decreased the level of the intracellular thiol antioxidant glutathione (GSH), thereby increasing levels of reactive oxygen species, which we determined to mediate cell death in Tsc2-deficient cells. Our findings offer preclinical proof of concept for a strategy to selectively increase the cytotoxicity of mTORC1 inhibitors as a therapy to eradicate tumor cells marked by high mTORC1 signaling, based on cotargeting a GSH-controlled oxidative stress pathway. Cancer Res; 76(16); 4816-27. ©2016 AACR.
Soundings: Under the Tuscan sun
Authors: Kevin Barraclough
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The heat in Tuscany is quite unlike that in England. In England, no matter how hot the day, there is always that hint of a chill—the merest echo that warns that summer is short and that winter, loaded with the passage of time, is not far away. Here the heat is like a blanket. It wraps away the anxieties of life in a cocoon of enforced idleness and fatigue.

Holidays do not come naturally to me and I have to work at them. I need to consciously step sideways out of time, leaving the banalities of life at the airport. It is like a meditation. Reading by the pool is not the purposeful reading of real time. It is the adrift reading of childhood. Like the leisured class of earlier generations, you can drift in and out of half finished conversations and ideas.

The guidebook falls open so you read it because it is there—Lorenzo de Medici was a tolerant leader, a scholar, civilised; Girolamo Savonarola, his enemy, was a religious bigot, a bad guy.

In the brief cool of this morning we wandered into the village. The frescoes in the church, now faded and patched with brown plaster, capture that time when Europe, under the patronage of men like Lorenzo, was tentatively emerging from a thousand years of bigotry and intolerance. The frescoes, like the renaissance they herald, look fragile.

The tiny village was also the home of a Franciscan monk called Pacioli. Pacioli, again under the benign patronage of Lorenzo, restarted European mathematics in 1494 with a book that introduced the Hindu-Arabic place-number system.

It is sobering to think that European learning had effectively ceased in the sixth century when the Emperor Justinian I closed Plato's Athenian academy because he considered it pagan. For a thousand years it was the Islamic world that held the torch of learning and tolerance.

The outside world briefly re-entered our holiday when the cultured owner of our villa returned from a business trip to Istanbul. The hotel next to his was bombed with three dead. Civilisation, like the English summer, is fragile.

So what does the guidebook tell me of Savonarola? Not a lot. But you get the impression that, like today's religious fundamentalists, he didn't really see the funny side of life. Maybe he should have taken more holidays.
Half-body irradiation in multiple myeloma.
Authors: J S Tobias, N P Rowell, J D Richards
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1991.9.4.705 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 1712376 Half-body irradiation in multiple myeloma. J S TobiasxJ S TobiasSearch for articles by this author , N P RowellxN P RowellSearch for articles by this author , J D RichardsxJ D RichardsSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1991.9.4.705 First Page PDF © 1991 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Vitamin D-binding protein gene polymorphisms may contribute to the racial disparity in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C treatment outcome
Authors: Edmondo Falleti, Carlo Fabris, Pierluigi Toniutto
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Weintraub et al. aimed to compare rs7041 G>T and rs4588 C>A genotype frequencies of GC-globulin in 48 Caucasian Americans and 95 African Americans with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In Caucasians the GC rs7041 G allele frequency was found to be very similar to that detected by our group (0.54 versus 0.55).1 However, the G allele was found to be far less frequent in African Americans (0.15). Different allele distributions of GC rs7041 G>T have been reported in different populations by HAPMAP and 1000 genomes project databases. In particular, the G allele is rarely carried in central Africans (6%-9%) and African Americans (16%) and is maximally carried in Finnish (65%). The genotype frequencies of GC rs7041 G>T observed by Weintraub et al. in HCV chronically infected African Americans patients were: G/G 0.01, G/T 0.27, T/T 0.72; these values are very close to those obtained in similar unselected populations by combing HAPMAP and 1000 genomes project data: G/G 0.04, G/T 0.26, T/T 0.70. Beside seasonal and environmental factors in conjunction with the less efficient UV radiation in dark skins, vitamin D serum levels are at least in part conditioned by genetic predictors. The ethnic variations of GC-globulin polymorphic loci allele frequencies2 seem to be related to a geographic decreasing gradient of UV skin exposure. It may be supposed that the lower values of vitamin D levels found in African Americans could be the result of a less sunny skin exposure when living at higher latitudes. This reflects the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D observed in African Americans (45%) in comparison to Caucasian Americans (11%). Recently, Weintraub et al. investigated, in 106 African Americans and 65 Caucasian Americans HCV genotype 1-infected patients, the relationship between 25-OH vitamin D basal serum levels and sustained viral response (SVR) attainment after antiviral treatment.3 Very interestingly, the authors found that in Caucasian Americans but not in African Americans higher vitamin D levels were associated with a more frequent occurrence of SVR. The absence of a relationship between vitamin D levels and SVR in African Americans together with the infrequent carriage in these patients of GC-globulin WT+ genotypes1 suggest that the genetic background may play a pivotal role in favoring the beneficial immunological effect of vitamin D. Nevertheless, to answer if in African Americans SVR is associated with GC-globulin genetic variability, a sufficiently powered direct study should be performed. Edmondo Falleti, M.D. Carlo Fabris, M.D. Pierluigi Toniutto, M.D. 1Department of Medical Sciences Clinical and Experimental Medical Liver Transplantation Unit Internal Medicine University of Udine Udine, Italy
Influences of trans‐trans farnesol, a membrane‐targeting sesquiterpenoid, on Streptococcus mutans physiology and survival within mixed‐species oral biofilms
Authors: Jae‐Gyu Jeon, Santosh Pandit, Jin Xiao, Stacy Gregoire, Megan L Falsetta, Marlise I Klein, Hyun Koo
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2011)

Trans‐trans farnesol (tt‐farnesol) is a bioactive sesquiterpene alcohol commonly found in propolis (a beehive product) and citrus fruits, which disrupts the ability of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) to form virulent biofilms. In this study, we investigated whether tt‐farnesol affects cell‐membrane function, acid production and/or acid tolerance by planktonic cells and biofilms of S. mutans UA159. Furthermore, the influence of the agent on S. mutans gene expression and ability to form biofilms in the presence of other oral bacteria (Streptococcus oralis (S. oralis) 35037 and Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii) 12104) was also examined. In general, tt‐farnesol (1 mmol‐L−1) significantly increased the membrane proton permeability and reduced glycolytic activity of S. mutans in the planktonic state and in biofilms (P<0.05). Moreover, topical applications of 1 mmol‐L−1 tt‐farnesol twice daily (1 min exposure/treatment) reduced biomass accumulation and prevented ecological shifts towards S. mutans dominance within mixed‐species biofilms after introduction of 1% sucrose. S. oralis (a non‐cariogenic organism) became the major species after treatments with tt‐farnesol, whereas vehicle‐treated biofilms contained mostly S. mutans (>90% of total bacterial population). However, the agent did not affect significantly the expression of S. mutans genes involved in acidogenicity, acid tolerance or polysaccharide synthesis in the treated biofilms. Our data indicate that tt‐farnesol may affect the competitiveness of S. mutans in a mixed‐species environment by primarily disrupting the membrane function and physiology of this bacterium. This naturally occurring terpenoid could be a potentially useful adjunctive agent to the current anti‐biofilm/anti‐caries chemotherapeutic strategies.
Abstract P5-08-23: Ki-67 expression is not a valuable predictive prognostic factor when progesterone receptor expression is high in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
Authors: JH Han, YJ Kang, W Han, H-B Lee, Y Kim, T-K Yoo, H-G Moon, D-Y Noh
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background Immunohistochemistry markers are recognized as a predictive prognostic factor for women with breast cancer. Ki-67 and progesterone receptor (PgR) expression are reported to be independently associated with breast cancer prognosis. Some studies report high Ki-67 expression as a negative predictive marker. Whereas other studies report tendency of similar survival between high and low Ki67 cancers when PgR expression is high. In this study, we examined the prognostic significance of Ki-67 expression under PgR expression status. Methods The records of 2,366 patients were retrospectively reviewed. The patients underwent surgery for primary breast cancer from July 2009 to December 2012 at a single institution. We studied the prognostic significance of Ki-67 expression under PgR expression. We used 20% and 10% as the cut-off value for PgR and Ki-67, respectively. The end point was recurrence-free survival (RFS) evaluated by use of Kaplan-Meier analysis. Result Of the 2,366 analyzed patients, the median follow-up time was 43 months. During follow-up, 44 patients had recurrence, loco-regional recurrence developed in 23 patients and distant recurrence developed in 21 patients. In patients with low PgR expression, high Ki-67 expression group showed significantly worse prognosis compared to low Ki-67 expression group (p=0.005). On the other hand, no significant difference was shown between low and high Ki-67 expression group when PgR expression was high (p=0.637). Also multivariate analysis demonstrated that high Ki-67 expression was an independent prognostic factor only when PgR expression was low. (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35-10.48; p=0.011) Conclusion This is the largest reported study that prognostic significance of Ki-67 expression is defined by PgR expression. Our study presents that high Ki-67 expression is inversely correlated with recurrence risk in early breast cancer patients only under low PgR expression. At high PgR expression, Ki-67 expression has no influence on breast cancer prognosis. Therefore, attention should be paid to correlation between PgR and Ki-67 expression. Citation Format: Han JH, Kang YJ, Han W, Lee H-B, Kim Y, Yoo T-K, Moon H-G, Noh D-Y. Ki-67 expression is not a valuable predictive prognostic factor when progesterone receptor expression is high in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-08-23.