tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract MS3-1: The Role of Providers in Breast Cancer Disparities
Authors: NL Keating
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Recent research suggests that racial disparities in health care may be driven in part by differences in where minority patients seek care. Minority patients are more likely to receive care in lower performing hospitals and to be treated by physicians that are less well trained and have less access to important clinical resources than those treating white patients. We analyzed Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare to understand more about the influence of providers on care for older women with early-stage breast cancer. In a first analysis, we assessed the hospitals where white and black women with early-stage breast cancer received care. We observed that a small number of hospitals treated the majority of black patients (e.g., 81% of black patients had surgery at 82 of the 481 (17%) hospitals). We found that black women were more likely than white women to undergo breast cancer surgery at hospitals with lower rates of radiation following breast-conserving surgery. This difference in site of surgery explains some of the racial disparities in receipt of definitive primary therapy for early-stage breast cancer. In a second set of analyses, we assessed the role of distance, hospital racial composition, hospital safety net status, and other hospital characteristics on patient's choice of hospital. Preliminary analyses suggest that proximity to certain hospitals explains only a portion of the greater distribution of black breast cancer patients in lower-quality hospitals. Black women with breast cancer appear to seek care in hospitals that also care for greater numbers of black patients with other medical conditions. Additional analyses are exploring the influence of other hospital characteristics on choice of hospital. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr MS3-1.
Impaired Proximal Duodenal Mucosal Bicarbonate Secretion in Patients with Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: Jon I. Isenberg, John A. Selling, Daniel L. Hogan, Michael A. Koss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

The defensive factors that prevent the human duodenal mucosa from acidic and peptic damage have not been fully evaluated. To determine whether duodenal mucosal bicarbonate production was altered in patients with inactive duodenal ulcer, we measured basal and acid-stimulated bicarbonate output from the duodenal bulb and the distal duodenum in healthy subjects and patients with inactive duodenal ulcer. As compared with 16 normal subjects, the 12 patients had significantly less mean (+/- SE) basal proximal duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion (185 +/- 13 vs. 107 +/- 18 mumol per centimeter per hour; P less than 0.001). Moreover, in response to a physiologic amount of hydrochloric acid (2 mmol per five minutes) instilled directly into the duodenal bulb, peak proximal duodenal bicarbonate output in the patients was 41 percent of the normal response (263 +/- 65 vs. 642 +/- 77 mumol per centimeter per hour; P less than 0.01). There was little overlap between groups. In contrast, bicarbonate outputs in the distal duodenum were similar in the two groups. We conclude that most patients with duodenal ulcer disease have decreased proximal duodenal mucosal bicarbonate production at rest, in response to hydrochloric acid, and in relation to peak gastric acid secretion. Impaired proximal duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion may be an important factor in the development and natural history of duodenal ulcer.
Keeping an Eye on This Headache
Authors: Matthias Hoheisel, Matthias Sturzenegger, Niklaus Meier
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

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Total Eosinophil Counts in the Management of Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Barry R. Horn, Eugene D. Robin, James Theodore, Antonius Van Kessel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Total eosinophil counts were investigated in asthmatic patients to determine their usefulness in the diagnosis and management of steroid-dependent asthma. Counts averaged 122 plus or minus 74 (S.D.) per mm-3 (65 untreated normal subjects) and 43 plus or minus 22 per mm-3 (six prednisone-treated normal subjects). Fifty-two patients with active bronchial asthma showed significant eosinophilia (greater than 350/mm-3 off and greater than 85/mm-3 on steroids), suggesting that eosinophilia is an important diagnostic feature of bronchial asthma. In 14 patients (60 observations), the counts showed significant inverse correlation with specific airway conductance--r equals 0.74, p less than 0.001--and with a variety of other measurements of bronchial dynamics and lung volumes, suggesting that the total eosinophil count reflects asthmatic activity and is useful for regulating steroid dosage and for early detection of exacerbations.
Abstract P124: Unfair Treatment and Prevalent Hypertension among Women: Data from the Women’s Health Study
Authors: Akintunde O Akinkuolie, Natalie Slopen, Robert J Glynn, Aryana S Jacobs, David R Williams, Julie E Buring, Michelle A Albert
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Discrimination is recognized as a chronic psychological stressor related to poor health outcomes. However, investigations about lifetime discrimination and hypertension (HTN), a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) have yielded mixed results. Data are limited by small sample size and lack of studies involving women. Therefore, we assessed the association between unfair treatment (UT), a form of discrimination, and prevalent HTN in women. Methods and Results: In this cross-sectional analysis, we used data from women the Women’s Health Study follow-up cohort who responded to questions about UT (n= 30,873; mean age 69 years). HTN was defined as:a physician’s diagnosis of HTN, the use of anti-hypertensive treatment or self-reported systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140 mmHg, or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg. UT asked about experiences over their lifetime in 4 domains [obtaining housing, getting a job, being fired/not promoted, being stopped/questioned by the police; response (yes/no) to each question was used to compute an UT score (range 0-4; coded in 3 categories: 0 (reference), 1, and 2-4 domains). Logistic regression models estimated the likelihood of HTN if treated unfairly. Among WHS participants, the prevalence of HTN was 67% (20,808 of 30,873); and, 15% (4,614 of 30,873) of women reported UT in at least one domain. In the crude model, increasing UT score was associated with increasing relative odds of HTN (1.01 and 1.26 for 1 and 2-4 domains, vs 0;ptrend=0.03); adjustment for age, race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (education and income) strengthened the magnitude of observed association (1.00, 1.16, 1.36; ptrend&lt;0.0001). This association was attenuated in a fully adjusted model additionally accounting for factors that may lie in the mechanistic pathway including smoking status, diabetes, physical activity, alcohol use, history of hyperlipidemia, use of hormone replacement therapy, and body mass index (1.00, 1.00, 1.18, ptrend=0.32). Conclusion: These data are hypothesis generating in that they suggest UT is related to hypertension, a potent risk factor for CVD. Additional research is needed to better understand the influence of UT for cardiovascular health disparities in the United States.
Abstract P1-04-08: Evidence for anti-apoptosis function of GNB1 in human breast cancer
Authors: U Wazir, A Kasem, AK Sharma, W Jiang, K Mokbel
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Guanine nucleotide binding protein beta polypeptide 1 (GNB1) integrates signals between receptors and effector proteins and regulates certain signal transduction receptors and effectors. We have hypothesised that GNB1 is involved in the anti-apoptosis pathway mediated by mTor. Therefore, this protein may play role in human carcinogenesis, however, there has been no investigations of this potential role published in the literature. The aim of the study was to investigate the mRNA expression of GNB1 in human breast cancer and examine the relationship between its expression and the tumour characteristics and disease outcome. Furthermore, the correlation between GNB1 and mTORC1 was also investigated. METHODS: Specimens of breast cancer (BC) tissues (N = 136) and normal tissues (N = 30) underwent RNA extraction and reverse transcription. GNB1 transcript levels were determined using real-time quantitative PCR. Expression levels were analysed against clinicopathological data accrued over a 10 year follow-up period. RESULTS: Significantly higher mRNA transcript levels were found in the breast cancer specimens compared to normal glandular tissue in paired samples (p = 0.0029). The expression of GNB1 mRNA was demonstrated to increase with increasing TNM stage (from 0.01 to 15.9) and this reached statistical significance when comparing TNM1 vs. TNM2/3/4 (p = 0.036). Furthermore, the expression levels increased with increasing tumour grade and this reached statistical significance when comparing grade 2 vs. grade 3 (p = 0.006). GNB1 expression was found to be higher in ductal tumours compared with non-ductal tumours (p = 0.0081). The patients who developed recurrent disease or died from breast cancer had higher expression levels than those who had been disease-free after a median follow-up period of 10 years (p = 0.017). Those who died from breast cancer had significantly higher levels than those who have remained disease-free (33.9 vs. 0.01, p = 0.0009). GNB1 showed a significantly positive correlation with mTORC1 mRNA levels (r = 0.57, p &amp;lt; 0.000001). CONCLUSION: GNB1 expression was found to be significantly higher in BC specimens compared to normal breast tissue. Higher transcript levels were significantly associated with unfavourable pathological parameters and adverse clinical outcomes. These observations in addition to the positive correlation with mTORC1 levels support the hypothesis that GNB1 is an important upstream component of the anti-apoptosis pathway and, therefore, can be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in human breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-04-08.
TCT-30 Clinical Outcomes Following Radial Versus Femoral Artery Access In Primary Or Rescue Percutaneous Coronary Intervention In Scotland: Retrospective Cohort Study Of 4534 Patients
Authors: Colin Berry, Cathy Johnman, Miles Behan, Daniel Mackay, Rachel Slack, Keith Oldroyd, Jill Pell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
SP0180 Patient Empowerment by Social Media
Authors: S. Halland
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3></h3> People with rheumatic diseases and other disabilities need different arenas where they can put their disease on the agenda in order to empower themselves. Finding these arenas can be challenging when you are fighting your own disease at the same time. Since the real breakthrough in social media (from around 2006) I have been working with different groups of people with disabilities and on the area of social media as effective communication channels in general and have both studied and helped progressing the use of social media in order to gain patient empowerment. <h3>Results</h3> Social media is easy approachable for all people, it is free and training or physical present is not needed in order to start using it. The nature of social media raises all voices and makes them more equal. Because of this patients with different disabilities have embraced social media channels as tools to get in touch with others, patients in same situation as well as politicians, researchers etc. They use channels like blogs, Twitter, Facebook and forums to both give and gain information in order to empower themselves. <h3>Impliactions</h3> Because of the use of social media we have seen a stronger voice from patients over the last years. They have the possibility to speak directly to politicians without having to go through official channels and they use the possibility to empower themselves as well as a whole group of patients. The awareness especially about invisible diseases is raised thanks to the use of social media. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Efficacy of bevacizumab (BV) plus docetaxel (D) does not correlate with hypertension (HTN) or G-CSF use in patients (pts) with locally recurrent (LR) or metastatic breast cancer (mBC) in the AVADO phase III study.
Authors: A Chan, L Vanlemmens, PF Conte, J Beith, H Samonigg, S Verma, V Srimuninnimit, A Martoni, DW Miles
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #1027 Background: BV (Avastin®), a monoclonal antibody to VEGF, significantly improved PFS and response rate in pts with LR or mBC when combined with 1st-line taxane CTx in two randomised phase III studies: E2100 (BV + weekly paclitaxel) and double-blind, PL-controlled study AVADO (two different BV doses + D). Efficacy of some biological agents correlates with certain toxicities. This was hypothesised for HTN with BV use and investigated in the AVADO study in an exploratory analysis. In contrast, CSF use in pts receiving CTx may adversely affect response, so correlation of G-CSF use with efficacy was also examined.&amp;#x2028; Methods: This study compared BV 7.5 or 15mg/kg + D 100mg/m2 with PL + D in 736 pts with inoperable LR or mBC with no CTx 6 months prior to randomisation (12 months if taxane-based), ECOG PS 0–1 and adequate LVEF. D was administered q3w for up to 9 cycles, BV/PL q3w until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.&amp;#x2028; Results: The safety population consisted of 730 pts. Reported grade 3–4 HTN was low in the AVADO BV arms (1 pt, 0.4% [BV 7.5mg/kg]; 8 pts, 3.2% [BV 15mg/kg]), therefore the analysis of correlation with efficacy was performed for all grades of HTN. Data for HTN of all grades and G-CSF use in all randomised pts are shown below. Use of G-CSF did not affect dose intensity of D.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Conclusions: Efficacy of BV + D in pts with LR or mBC did not appear to correlate with incidence of all grade HTN or G-CSF use. The apparent PFS and response benefit in the BV 7.5mg/kg arm for pts with HTN should be taken with caution as it is based on a small number of pts and may be due to an imbalance in baseline characteristics or a higher likelihood of detecting HTN in patients receiving study therapy for longer. Analysis of a larger dataset is needed to provide further data in this context. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1027.
891 IMPAIRED BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN SIGNALING CAUSES HEPCIDIN DEFICIENCY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: N. Fujita, H. Miyachi, R. Sugimoto, R. Moroka, H. Tanaka, Y. Kobayashi, M. Iwasa, N. Tomosugi, Y. Takei
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
P161 A randomised controlled trial of single combination budesonide/formoterol inhaler as maintenance and reliever therapy in asthma patients at risk of severe exacerbations
Authors: M Patel, J Pilcher, D Shaw, M Weatherall, R Beasley
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The Single budesonide/formoterol inhaler Maintenance And Reliever Therapy (SMART) regimen reduces severe asthma exacerbations, but it is uncertain whether it increases the risk of adverse effects due to high beta-agonist and corticosteroid doses with both short-term and cumulative exposure. <h3>Objectives</h3> Our hypothesis was that treatment with the SMART regimen would reduce the risk of beta-agonist overuse but that when such episodes occurred, patients were less likely to seek medical review and, that any reduction in severe exacerbations would be at the cost of a higher systemic corticosteroid burden. <h3>Methods</h3> This was a 24-week, open-label, parallel group trial in 303 asthma patients with a recent exacerbation, conducted at four primary healthcare practices and one secondary care hospital. Participants were randomised to 200/6µg budesonide/formoterol metered dose inhaler according to the SMART regimen (two actuations twice daily maintenance with one extra actuation as-needed) or a fixed-dose regimen (two actuations twice daily maintenance) with one to two actuations of 100µg salbutamol as-needed (‘Standard’), with electronic monitoring of actual inhaler use. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with at least one high beta-agonist use episode (&gt;12 budesonide/formoterol actuations/day in SMART or &gt;16 salbutamol actuations/day in Standard). <h3>Results</h3> There was no significant difference between groups in the proportion of participants with at least one high use episode: SMART 84/151 (56%) vs Standard 68/152 (45%) participants; relative risk (95% CI) 1.24 (0.99–1.56), p = 0.058. There were fewer days of high use [mean (SD) 5.1 days (14.3) vs 8.9 days (20.9), relative rate (RR) (95% CI) 0.58 (0.39–0.88), p = 0.01] and days of high use without medical review [8.5 days (17.8) vs 18.3 days (24.8) per high use patient, RR 0.49 (0.31–0.75), p = 0.001] in the SMART group. The SMART regimen resulted in higher average daily inhaled corticosteroid exposure, but reduced oral corticosteroid exposure, with no difference in composite systemic corticosteroid exposure [ratio of means (95% CI) 1.03 (0.86–1.22), p = 0.76]. SMART participants had fewer severe asthma exacerbations [35 vs 66, RR 0.54 (0.36–0.82), p = 0.004]. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The SMART regimen has a favourable risk/benefit profile in patients at risk of severe asthma exacerbations.
Abstract 2543: A dual-fluorescent reporter system facilitates identification of thiol compounds that suppress oxidative frameshift mutations
Authors: Christina L. Chang, I-Chen Li, Chien-Yuan Chiu, Jhih-Ying Chi, Siao-Ru Jian, Chang-Lin Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system corrects replicative errors, especially in microsatellites, and minimizes mutations caused by DNA-damaging agents. Patients with chronic and cancer-associated inflammation display microsatellite instability (MSI), indicative of an inactivated MMR system. MMR-deficient patients also display frameshift mutations in coding microsatellites of many genes, including oncogenes and tumor suppressors. We previously reported that oxidative stress, which occurs in the inflammatory settings, not only inactivates the MMR function but also increases accumulation of frameshift mutations. However, it remains unclear whether oxidative frameshift mutations are preventable due to the lack of a sufficiently sensitive detection assay. Here, we developed and characterized a dual-fluorescent system, utilizing RFP harboring the (CA)13 microsatellite as a reporter and GFP for normalization, in near-isogeneic human colorectal cancer cell lines. By flow cytometry, the new reporter sensitively detected a low level of H2O2-induced frameshift mutations in MMR-proficient cells. Without a functional MMR system, 0.5 mM H2O2 increased frameshift mutations by approximately 10 folds in the cells. In MMR-deficient cells, our reporter revealed that 5 mM glutathione or N-acetylcysteine suppressed oxidative frameshift mutations by approximately 75% or 90% respectively, without affecting cell viability. In contrast, 0.5 mM ascorbic acid augmented H2O2-induced frameshift mutations by two folds, whereas 1 mM aspirin had no effects. Glutathione and N-acetylcysteine also partially suppressed oxidative frameshift mutations in coding microsatellites of endogenous hMSH6 and CHK1 genes, determined by a fluorescinated PCR-based assay. The new utility of these thiol compounds is potentially valuable for preventing oxidative frameshift mutations in the inflammatory settings. The dual-fluorescent reporter system with improved sensitivity will facilitate identification of additional compounds that modulate frameshift mutations relevant to cancer initiation and progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2543. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2543
P180 Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy as a diagnostic method in respiratory medicine: early clinical experiences
Authors: S. George, C. Priegnitz, N. Anduleit, W. Randerath
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) is approved for use as an adjunct to conventional bronchoscopy, aiding the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions. It is a modern technique which improves bronchoscopic yield, thereby potentially preventing unnecessary operations or high-risk procedures. Our objective was to assess the use of this technique in regular clinical practice, and to identify factors which may influence its success. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective data analysis of all ENB procedures carried out in a 120-bed speciality respiratory hospital in Solingen, Germany, between 2007 and 2011 revealed a total of 43 procedures. In each case, size and anatomical location of the tumour based on CT findings were noted. A positive result was documented if as a result of the procedure a clinical diagnosis could be reached. <h3>Results</h3> ENB reached a clinical diagnosis in 15 of 43 patients (34.9%); eight malignant tumours, seven benign lesions, 28 left unclear. Of these 28, further investigations revealed a malignant process in nine patients, mostly by surgical interventions (n=6). 35 patients had previously had a failed diagnostic bronchoscopy. Of these patients, the addition of ENB allowed a diagnosis in 14 cases. 8 underwent an ENB directly upon assessment of the clinical data. The anatomical positioning of the lesion was without consequence for the diagnostic yield. The diagnostic yield increased significantly with the size of the lesion (&lt;2 cm: 15%, 2–3 cm: 37%, &gt;3 cm: 50%, p&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> ENB is a useful diagnostic method in the hands of a skilled interventional respiratory physician, particularly where conventional bronchoscopy has failed. Although the anatomical location does not affect the accuracy of the results, lesions over 2 cm in size are more likely to be amenable to this procedure. The overall diagnostic yield lies lower than those quoted in previous studies, so that selective use of this procedure should be considered.