tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NCO-09THE EFFICACY OF THERAPEUTIC DISCOURSE ANALYSIS DURING BRAIN TUMOUR RESECTION IN AWAKE CRANIOTOMIES
Authors: Shannon Milburn, Marco Garavaglia, Greg Hare, Andrea Rigamonti, Catriona Kelly, Melanie Morrison, Simon Graham, Sunit Das
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Intraoperative brain mapping techniques are utilized in neuro-oncology to maximize the extent of tumor resection, seizure control, and minimize operative morbidity.1 The advancement of our understanding of speech, language and oral motor movement has facilitated the application of progressively sophisticated methods of assessing higher level function intra-operatively. An anesthetic approach that does not require airway manipulation2 was used, thereby optimizing brain mapping conditions as well as the patient's ability to participate in therapeutic discourse tasks during brain tumour resection. With REB approval and informed consent, case-reviews were performed for five patients who had undergone awake re-do craniotomies. The standardized anesthetic protocol was based on the scalp block and dexmedetomidine infusion as the primary anesthetic agent.2 The SLP completed a preoperative assessment, brain mapping with the surgical team, ongoing therapeutic discourse during tumour resection and a postoperative assessment. All five patients had successful resection of the tumour. In each case, the SLP provided a systematic evaluation of speech, language, oral motor, and cognitive communication function. The surgical team identified that real-time speech assessment directed the surgical plan, not only during brain mapping but also during tumour resection facilitating optimal tumour resection and the preservation of eloquent cortex. Three patients demonstrated speech arrest during tumour resection in an area that was mapped to be safe and two patients had seizures. These deficits would not have been appreciated had tumour resection been performed with the patient sedated post brain mapping or if an anesthetic technique with instrumented airway was used. All patients scored equal to or above their baseline scores during the postoperative assessment. The patient's assessment, preparation and an integrated team-expertise are crucial to the success of the awake craniotomy. The support of the SLP minimizes postoperative neurological sequelae by providing ongoing intraoperative assessment throughout mapping as well as brain tumour resection.
Demographic features and trends in tuberculosis cases in the European Region, 1995-2005
Authors: D Falzon, D van Cauteren
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

In 2005, 426,457 tuberculosis (TB) cases were notified in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region, with a wide variation and an incremental west-to-east gradient in notification rates also reflected in TB mortality rates. In the enlarged European Union ('EU-27') and other western countries--where 19% of cases were of foreign origin in 2005 (>50% in 13 countries)--overall TB notification rates decreased by 2.4% yearly between 2000 and 2005, compared to 1.6% in 1995-2000, reflecting a declining incidence in all age groups and in most countries. Half the cases notified by the 12 ex-republics of the former Soviet Union in the East in 2005 were reported by the Russian Federation. In the East, the mean annual increase in 1995-2000 (10.0%) was higher than in 2000-2005 (3.9%), and in recent years the number of new cases stabilised while previously treated cases have increased. Efforts are still needed to improve and standardise TB surveillance across the Region. The collection of additional data on risk factors of TB may be useful for surveillance and control.
Memory Reconsolidation Interference as an Emerging Treatment for Emotional Disorders: Strengths, Limitations, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Tom Beckers, Merel Kindt
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2017)

Experimental research on emotional memory reconsolidation interference, or the induction of amnesia for previously established emotional memory, has a long tradition, but the potential of that research for the development of novel interventions to treat psychological disorders has been recognized only recently. Here we provide an overview of basic research and clinical studies on emotional memory reconsolidation interference. We point out specific advantages of interventions based on memory reconsolidation interference over traditional treatment for emotional disorders. We also explain how findings from basic research suggest limitations and challenges to clinical translation that may help to understand why clinical trials have met with mixed success so far and how their success can be increased. In closing, we preview new intervention approaches beyond the induction of amnesia that the phenomenon of memory reconsolidation may afford for alleviating the burden imposed by emotional memories and comment on theoretical controversies regarding the nature of memory reconsolidation.
EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN MENTAL HOSPITALS
Authors: ADDISON M. DUVAL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1953)

We have discussed the broad outlines of educational activities in the mental hospital with particular reference to who shall be taught. Those to be trained have been divided into 2 groups: those with no previous basic training in psychiatry and those who have completed some such training. We would conclude that organized staff training, continuous inservice training, and education of the public are proper responsibilities of the mental hospital.
Protection against poliomyelitis in Europe
Authors: H Nokleby, H De Carvalho Gomes, K Johansen, P Kreidl
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

The reappearance of circulating wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV 1) in Tajikistan is the first outbreak from imported wild poliovirus since the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region was declared polio-free in 2002. The risk of poliomyelitis importation to the European Union and European Economic Area countries has probably not increased, but the current outbreak is a reminder that high vaccination coverage, monitoring of protective immunity and maintaining surveillance are important to sustain the present polio-free situation.
Abstract P6-12-05: Impact of the Middle East unrest on management of breast cancer – A single institution experience
Authors: A Khalifa, M Abdul-Hadi, H Al-Haddad, L Abu-Rida
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract King Fahad University Hospital of Dammam (KFHU) is a major referral teaching Hospital in the Eastern province in Saudi Arabia. With permission, The Breast Division at KFHU accepts expatriate patients for treatment of breast cancer free of charge. Between Jan 2010 and June 2015 the unit has received 435 new and previously treated breast cancer patients, 35% of them were expatiates. We have noticed that most of these patients had an out of their hand delay in initiating either their investigations for a breast lump or start of active treatment; this has resulted in less than optimum prognosis in many cases. We reported that 75% of these patients had an average of 6-19 months delay before they presented for investigations of a breast mass, 25% had received previous irregular treatment and did not complete their management due to war unrest and travelling. More than 70% of patients who needed radiotherapy did not receive it due to unavailability of treatment facility. Conclusion: In spite of the dramatic improvement in diagnosing early breast cancer, after the wide spread of screening programs in the last decade, we are faced again with recent increase in advanced presentations and poor outcome due to war unrest. With the expected increase in the number of similar cases we think that this category of patients should be addressed as a special category. Citation Format: Khalifa A, Abdul-Hadi M, Al-Haddad H, Abu-Rida L. Impact of the Middle East unrest on management of breast cancer – A single institution experience. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-12-05.
Bilateral Crossed “Unfused” Renal Ectopia
Authors: Aashish Gambhir, Vivek M. James, Amit Kumar, Abhinav Jaimini, Anupam Mondal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

Ectopic kidney-uncrossed or crossed, or with and without fusion-is a common congenital developmental anomaly. Commonly employed imaging modalities used for evaluating such condition include ultrasonography, IV pyelography, and contrast-enhanced CT scan. Here in, we describe a rare case report of an incidentally detected bilateral crossed renal ectopia without fusion on Tc-DTPA scan in the setting of inconclusive ultrasonography and deranged renal function.
Attempted suicide among Vietnam veterans: a model of etiology in a community sample
Authors: A Fontana, R Rosenheck
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

Data from the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study, conducted from 1986 to 1988, were used to develop an etiological model of attempted suicide among a community sample of 1,198 male Vietnam veterans.In a three-step process, the authors used structural equation modeling to develop a model that they refined, cross-validated, and then specified in terms of its replicable paths.The final model possesses highly satisfactory fit and parsimony. General psychiatric disorders were the sole factors contributing directly to attempted suicide. General psychiatric disorders were in part products of both nonmilitary and military traumas, most specifically participation in abusive violence. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance abuse were related to attempted suicide bivariately but not when considered in conjunction with general psychiatric disorders. Among premilitary risk factors, family instability contributed to attempted suicide indirectly through its influence on general psychiatric disorders.The etiology of attempted suicide among Vietnam veterans remains largely unexplained. A partial explanation is that the predominant and direct causes spring from general psychiatric disorders rather than from traumatic exposure, PTSD, or substance abuse. Traumatic exposure contributes directly to the development of PTSD and general psychiatric disorders but only indirectly to making a suicide attempt.
Locally run cholera intervention can reduce disease burden, finds study
Authors: C. Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2015)

An oral vaccine against cholera had a protective effectiveness of 69% against clinically significant cholera when administered to a rural population by local health officials and with local resources, found a study carried out in the cholera endemic area of Satyabadi in Odisha state, India.1 The results were similar to those of a controlled clinical trial that …
Cinacalcet for Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Hemodialysis Recipients
Authors: Pablo A Ureña Torres, Jacques Chanard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

to the editor: Block and colleagues 1 (April 8 issue) found a significant reduction in intact parathyroid hormone levels in patients with uncontrolled secondary hyperparathyroidism who received cinacalcet. The primary end point of intact parathyroid hormone levels of 250 pg per milliliter as an upper cutoff is based on the work of Wang et al., 2 who reported a relationship between serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone and the histomorphometric characteristics of bone. Yet Wang et al. also suggested that the use of an upper level of 200 pg per milliliter permits the best discrimination between normal and high bone-turnover states, with a positive predictive value of 82 percent, a negative predictive value of 91 percent, and a sensitivity of 88 percent, in patients who receive hemodialysis, and that a level of 300 pg per milliliter is best for patients who receive peritoneal dialysis. Similarly, Hutchison et al. 3 found that a level of 200 pg per milliliter had a positive predictive value of 88 percent with a sensitivity of 83 percent and a specificity of 88 percent. A major limitation to the study of Block et al. is that the chosen level of 250 pg per milliliter may not represent an adequate control. A level of 200 pg per milliliter might have been a better primary end point for use in identifying a positive effect on the histomorphometric characteristics of bone and on the high prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism. 4
Viral Growth and Viral Oncogenesis in Brains of Newborn Hamsters Inoculated With Polyoma Virus
Authors: Rosita F. de Estable, Alan S. Rabson, Ruth L. Kirschstein
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1965)

The growth of polyoma virus in the brains of intracerebrally inoculated newborn hamsters was characterized by a decrease in the amount of virus on the day after inoculation, a rise to a peak 2 to 3 days after inoculation, and a progressive decline to complete absence of detectable virus in 8 to 10 days. Tumor was first demonstrable histopathologically 10 days after inoculation. By transplantation of entire brains of inoculated animals to subcutaneous tissues of adult recipients, there was evidence that neoplastic cells were present in the brains 4, 5, and 11 days after inoculation; however, the transplantation method does not appear to be a reliable indication of the presence of tumor.
Gestion des complications des résections endoscopiques par technique du tunnel pour les tumeurs sous-muqueuses du tube digestif haut
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

Largement utilisée pour la résection des lésions superficielles “classiques” du tube digestif, la technique du tunnel a été plus récemment proposée pour la résection endoscopique des tumeurs sous-muqueuses (TSM), qui sont considérées le plus souvent comme bénignes (et donc accessibles à ce type de résection) lorsqu’elles font 20mm ou moins. Cependant, du fait de leur naissance dans la muscularis propria, les TSM sont considérées comme techniquement difficiles à réséquer endoscopiquement. Peu de données sont disponibles dans la littérature en ce qui concerne le risque réel de complications lors du traitement endoscopique des TSM par la technique du tunnel.
Psychological factors in preterm labor: critical review and theoretical synthesis
Authors: H Omer, G S Everly
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

Cumulative or chronic environmental stress and high scores on psychopathology scales have been consistently linked to preterm labor. In the laboratory, psychological stimuli have also been shown to affect uterine activity. Clinical studies suggest that interventions which reduce tension and anxiety can prevent or inhibit preterm labor. A model is proposed that links preterm labor to a disorder of arousal manifested physiologically as a hyperreactivity of the limbic circuitry and its efferent components. Autonomic hyperreactivity has been found repeatedly in women who experience preterm labor. This central hyperreactivity could unleash a cascade of psychophysiological reactions that could cause uterine excitation and facilitate preterm labor.
HIV Revealed
Authors: David Baltimore, Mark B. Feinberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

IN the relatively brief period since the discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its identification as the cause of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), an extraordinary amount of information has emerged about the genetic structure of the virus and the intricacies of the in vitro biologic process of viral infection. However, because the circumstances of infection can be readily manipulated in the laboratory, whereas reliable data on the progress of infection in humans are difficult to obtain, much less is known about how HIV initiates and maintains a natural infection. Humans are genetically heterogeneous, lead idiosyncratic lives, and . . .
Hypokalemia in outpatients with eating disorders
Authors: D Greenfeld, D Mickley, D M Quinlan, P Roloff
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The literature on the prevalence and importance of hypokalemia in persons with eating disorders in contradictory and confusing. The authors investigated the frequency of hypokalemia and its relationship to symptoms in a group of outpatients with eating disorders.Diagnostic evaluations and electrolyte studies were performed for 945 outpatients meeting the DSM-III-R criteria for eating disorders at the time of their intake evaluations at a suburban clinic for eating disorders.Clinically significant hypokalemia was comparatively rare. A total of 43 subjects (4.6%) were hypokalemic; of these, seven (0.7% of all subjects) were borderline hypokalemic (serum potassium = 3.4 mmol/liter). The hypokalemic subjects had a significantly lower mean weight and body mass index at entry than the normokalemic subjects. Significantly more of the hypokalemic subjects purged by abusing laxatives, either alone or with vomiting. The patients with restricting (nonpurging) anorexia nervosa, even those whose weights were very low, were generally normokalemic.The low frequency of hypokalemia in this group of eating disordered outpatients suggests that routine electrolyte determination is a poor screening tool for occult or denied bulimia. Hypokalemia occurred almost invariably in lower-weight bulimic (or anorectic/bulimic) patients who were vomiting and/or abusing laxatives. Indeed, the study suggests that hypokalemia in a patient with an eating disorder is virtually certain evidence that the patient is purging at least daily. In addition, it appears that a patient with purely restricting anorexia nervosa is not at risk for hypokalemia even if his or her weight is very low.
Abstract 1654: Reduced Left Ventricular Diastolic Function Follows Prolonged Strenuous Exercise In Middle-aged Male Athletes
Authors: Sarah A Ramer, Zion Sasson, Gian-Marco Busato, Joan A Persaud, Amrit A Malik, Jack M Goodman
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction: A number of studies have demonstrated LV diastolic dysfunction after prolonged strenuous exercise. However, data remain conflicting in part because of uncontrolled and disparate experimental conditions. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that a decline in LV diastolic function follows prolonged exercise among middle aged male athletes. Methods: Eight middle aged recreational male athletes (ages 47–59, mean 52.4± 1.3 years) were recruited. On separate days at least one week apart, subjects performed continuous running of 150 min duration at low and high intensities (55% vs 80% VO2 max, respectively). On each day of exercise, subjects underwent echocardiographic assessments immediately before and 60 min following exercise. Diastolic function was assessed by standard pulsed wave Doppler and tissue Doppler techniques. Efforts were made to maintain hydration throughout, and hematocrit was checked with each echocardiographic assessment. Results: Sixty minutes following prolonged exercise, the mean resting heart rate was significantly elevated compared to baseline (81±5 vs 63±3 bpm, p&lt;0.01) and a drop in systolic blood pressure was observed (115±4 vs 132±5mmHg, p=0.02). Baseline and post-exercise hematocrit were similar (43.3%±0.8 vs 43.4%±0.8). Mean (±sem) indices of diastolic function are summarized below and included a significant decline in peak mitral inflow E velocity, accompanied by an increase in mitral inflow A velocity which was significant after high intensity exercise. The decline in both the E/A and e’/a’ ratio was significant for both high and low exercise intensities. A significant prolongation in the IVRT and the mitral inflow E wave deceleration time were seen following low intensity exercise. Conclusions: In middle aged men, prolonged exercise is associated with diminished resting LV diastolic performance, detectable one hour following exercise. These changes appear to be independent of hydration state.
Abstract B44: Sulfated fucan inhibits tumor interaction with endothelial cells and tumor growth: Possible contribution of an antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) neutralizing activity
Authors: Viviane Mignone, Camila Castro Figueiredo, Aline Oliveira, Eliene Kozlowski, Lubor Borsig, Mauro Pavão, Paulo Mourão, Veronica Morandi
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract The primary interaction between tumor and endothelial cells is mediated by endothelial selectins and sialyl-Lewis carbohydrates found on cancer cell surface. Heparin, a sulfated polysaccharide, binds to P- and L-selectins, an effect that has been associated with attenuation of metastasis. However, due to its strong anticoagulant activity, its use in anti-tumor therapy is restricted. Sulfated fucans from sea urchins have simple, unique structures of linear chains of sulfated α-L-fucose in well-defined repetitive patterns. In this study, we tested five sulfated fucans from different species of sea urchins for their ability to interfere with the tumor-endothelium interaction and compared our findings to those obtained with heparin. Our results show that sulfated fucan from L. variegatus (FucSulf I), bearing an unique 2,4-disulfated fucose residue and low anticoagulant activity, inhibits the adhesion of tumor cells to endothelium, tumor transendothelial migration and endothelial cell tubulogenesis, both by inhibiting P-selectin mediated tumor cell adhesion, and VEGF-dependent signaling in endothelial cells. FucSulf I also inhibited proliferation of several types of tumor cell lines in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Our results indicate this sulfated fucan is a potential antitumor agent and a possible therapeutic alternative to heparin. Citation Format: Viviane Mignone, Camila Castro Figueiredo, Aline Oliveira, Eliene Kozlowski, Lubor Borsig, Mauro Pavão, Paulo Mourão, Veronica Morandi. Sulfated fucan inhibits tumor interaction with endothelial cells and tumor growth: Possible contribution of an antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) neutralizing activity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2015 Oct 23-26; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B44.