tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in depressive symptoms as AIDS develops. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Authors: C G Lyketsos, D R Hoover, M Guccione, M A Dew, J E Wesch, E G Bing, G J Treisman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The authors sought to determine whether rates of depressive symptoms change from early- to late-stage HIV-1 infection and to determine the predictors of depressive symptoms as AIDS develops.The data for this study were from 911 HIV-seropositive men-community volunteers from four U.S. cities-who entered the 10-year Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study without a diagnosis of AIDS and subsequently developed AIDS. The subjects underwent semiannual follow-ups during the study period. The outcome measures-overall depressive symptoms, nonsomatic depressive symptoms, syndromal depression, and severe depression-were assessed over the 5 years before and the 2 years after AIDS diagnosis from responses on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D Scale).Depressive symptoms were stable over time from month 60 to month 18 before AIDS developed. However, beginning 12-18 months before AIDS diagnosis, there was a significant rise in all measures of depression, which reached a plateau within 6 months before AIDS developed. At this plateau, there was a 45% increase in mean CES-D Scale scores above baseline. An elevated CES-D Scale score in the earlier stages of infection, a self-report of AIDS-related symptoms (such as rash and lymphadenopathy), concurrent unemployment, cigarette smoking, and limited social supports were consistent predictors of higher rates of depression as AIDS developed.There is a dramatic, sustained rise in depressive symptoms as AIDS develops, beginning as early as 18 months before clinical AIDS is diagnosed. Prior depression, HIV-disease-related factors, and psychological stressors contribute to this rise. This robust phenomenon invites further characterization.
Zoledronate in combination with chemotherapy and surgery to treat osteosarcoma (OS2006): a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 trial
Authors: Sophie Piperno-Neumann, Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Françoise Rédini, Hélène Pacquement, Perrine Marec-Bérard, Philippe Petit, Hervé Brisse, Cyril Lervat, Jean-Claude Gentet, Natacha Entz-Werlé, Antoine Italiano, Nadège Corradini, Emmanuelle Bompas, Nicolas Penel, Marie-Dominique Tabone, Anne Gomez-Brouchet, Jean-Marc Guinebretière, Eric Mascard, François Gouin, Aurélie Chevance, Naïma Bonnet, Jean-Yves Blay, Laurence Brugières
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2016)
RO-02CEREBRAL MICROBLEEDS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH WORSE EXECUTIVE FUNCTION IN PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR SURVIVORS
Authors: Erika Roddy, Katherine Sear, Erin Felton, Benita Tamrazi, Karen Gauvain, Joseph Torkildson, Benedict Del Buono, David Samuel, Daphne Haas-Kogan, Josephine Chen, Robert Goldsby, Anu Banerjee, Janine Lupo, Annette Molinaro, Heather Fullerton, Sabine Mueller
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
MB-68HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN MOLECULAR SUBGROUPS OF MEDULLOBLASTOMA
Authors: Iska Moxon-Emre, Michael D. Taylor, Eric Bouffet, Nadia Scantlebury, David Malkin, Vijay Ramaswamy, Alexandra Decker, Nicole Law, Toshihiro Kumabe, Jeffrey Leonard, Josh Rubin, Shin Jung, Seung-Ki Kim, Nalin Gupta, William Weiss, Claudia C. Faria, Rajeev Vibhakar, Lucie La-Fay-Cousin, Jennifer Chan, Pim French, Johan M. Kros, Laura Janzen, Donald Mabbott
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Abstract 15567: Increased Visceral Fat Volume is Associated With Aortic Inflammation and Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Richard A Takx, Amparo L Figueroa, Megan H MacNabb, Amr Abdelbaky, Zachary R Lavender, Rebecca S Kaplan, Steven K Grinspoon, Quynh A Truong, Udo Hoffmann, Ahmed Tawakol
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: While the relationship between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is well-established, mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well elucidated. Hypothesis: Our hypothesis is that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume, aortic inflammation and the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events are linked together. Methods: Individuals who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging were included. VAT volume, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volume and aortic FDG uptake were measured while blinded to clinical data. Cardiovascular events were adjudicated by independent cardiologists. Thereafter, the relationship between VAT volume and aortic FDG activity and cardiovascular events was evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models. Results: The final analysis included 415 patients with a median age of 55 (P25-P75: 45-65) years and a median BMI of 26.4 (P25- P75: 23.4-30.9) kg/m2. VAT and SAT volume were significantly higher in obese individuals. 32 subjects experienced cardiovascular event during a median follow-up of 4 years. Cox proportional hazard models showed that VAT volume was a associated with cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, HR (95% CI): 1.15 (1.06-1.25, p&lt;0.001). This remained significant after correcting for age, BMI and aortic TBR (p&lt;0.05). SAT was not predictive of cardiovascular events. VAT volume was associated with arterial inflammation (r=0.29, p&lt;0.001, Figure 1). The combination of high aortic inflammation and high VAT volume was associated with significant worse survival (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: We observed that VAT volume is a predictor of subsequent cardiovascular events. Moreover, our results indicate a link between visceral adipose tissue volume and arterial inflammation, which may explain some of VAT's association with cardiovascular events.
The Use of Fluorescein Dyes in the Diagnosis of Malignancy with Special Reference to Tumors of the Central Nervous System&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: T. B. Hubbard, G. E. Moore, M. D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1949)

The Use of Fluorescein Dyes in the Diagnosis of Malignancy with Special Reference to Tumors of the Central Nervous System Get access T. B. Hubbard, T. B. Hubbard M. D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. E. Moore, M. D. G. E. Moore, M. D. Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Medical School, Minneapolis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 10, Issue 2, October 1949, Pages 303–314, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/10.2.303 Published: 01 October 1949
MB-43REDUCED DOSE CRANIOSPINAL IRRADIATION (CSI) IS FEASIBLE FOR STANDARD RISK ADULT MEDULLOBLASTOMA (MBL) PATIENTS SIMILARLY TO PEDIATRIC POPULATION
Authors: Maura Massimino, Marie Pierre Sunyach, Lorenza Gandola, Filippo Spreafico, Alice Bonneville Levard, Emilia Pecori, Barbara Diletto, Elisabetta Schiavello, Veronica Biassoni, Didier Frappaz
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Air Pollution and Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Nested Case–Control Study among Members of a Northern California Health Plan
Authors: Geneé S. Smith, Stephen K. Van Den Eeden, Cynthia Garcia, Jun Shan, Roger Baxter, Amy H. Herring, David B. Richardson, Annelies Van Rie, Michael Emch, Marilie D. Gammon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Background:Ecologic analyses, case–case comparisons, and animal experiments suggest positive associations between air pollution and tuberculosis.Objectives:We evaluated this hypothesis in a large sample, which yielded results that are applicable to the general population.Methods:We conducted a case–control study nested within a cohort of Kaiser Permanente of Northern California members. All active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) cases newly diagnosed between 1996 and 2010 (n = 2,309) were matched to two controls (n = 4,604) by age, sex, and race/ethnicity on the index date corresponding with the case diagnosis date. Average individual-level concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 10 μm (PM10) for 2 years before diagnosis/entry into the study were estimated using measurements from the California Air Resources Board monitor closest to the participant's residence.Results:In single-pollutant adjusted conditional logistic regression models, the pulmonary TB odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the highest quintile (vs. lowest) were 1.50 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.95) for CO and 1.42 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.84) for NO2. Corresponding estimates were higher among never [1.68 (95% CI: 1.26, 2.24)] than ever [1.19 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.92)] smokers for CO. In contrast, for NO2, estimates were higher among ever [1.81 (95% CI: 1.13, 2.91)] than never [1.29 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.71)] smokers. O3 was inversely associated for smokers [0.66 (95% CI: 0.43, 1.02)] and never smokers [0.65 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.81)]. No other consistent patterns were observed.Conclusions:In this first, to our knowledge, U.S. nested case–control study on air pollution and pulmonary TB, we observed positive associations with ambient CO and NO2, which require confirmation.Citation:Smith GS, Van Den Eeden SK, Garcia C, Shan J, Baxter R, Herring AH, Richardson DB, Van Rie A, Emch M, Gammon MD. 2016. Air pollution and pulmonary tuberculosis: a nested case-control study among members of a Northern California health plan. Environ Health Perspect 124:761–768; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408166
Soundings: In England now
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (1999)

In his daily school run slot throughout May and June, a radio disc jockey dedicated tune after tune to the million or so unfortunate students taking examinations. This month, the line has changed. “And let’s all spare a thought for poor Fred B, chief examiner for the Open University module X, who has 462 papers to get through by next Monday morning. And for Charlie Y, schoolteacher, marking 1500 scripts in GCSE Latin. Here’s some Mozart to keep your spirits up, gentlemen.”

A protected prime time slot on the Henry Kelly show has probably done more to raise public awareness of the dismally timed and uniquely tedious task of marking summer examination papers than either of two recent reports in the Times Higher Education Supplement. One of these (18 June) suggested that the annual fee paid to university external examiners (around £350) converts to an hourly rate that is substantially below the national minimum wage.

The other (2 July) reported the resignation of the external examiner at one university after his recommendation —that two students who had admitted to serious plagiarism in assessments be expelled—was dismissed by the internal board. The THES had a field day quoting senior university officials justifying the decision.

Why, asks an accompanying leader, do any of us volunteer for the task of checking other universities’ assessment procedures and confirming or challenging their standards? It is particularly puzzling since this thankless activity counts virtually nothing towards the two performances that are now supposed to rule the lives of all self respecting academics—the Research Assessment Exercise and the Teaching Quality Assessment.

The fact that neither press nor public picked up on these stories confirms that examiners are ranked in the popular imagination alongside traffic wardens and customs officers. Long hours poring over scrawl and filling in structured marking sheets in which a maximum of two per cent may be awarded for having legible handwriting or presenting arguments in a logical order is precisely what we loathsome creatures deserve.

And so, as the sun casts long shadows across a perfect cricket pitch and the other mums and dads relax in the bar, here I sit in a quiet corner of the pavilion with my back to the window and a huge pile of scripts in front of me. My sole companion is a new red pen.
HG-34HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA ARISING IN SURVIVORS OF PEDIATRIC ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC MALIGNANCIES: A COOPERATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE GERMAN HIT-HGG/-GBM AND ALL-BFM/COALL STUDIES
Authors: Carsten Friedrich, Alexander Kühn, Martin Zimmermann, Marion Hoffmann, Ingrid Kühnle, Johannes Nowak, Monika Warmuth-Metz, Torsten Pietsch, Martin Schrappe, Gabriele Escherich, Birgit Burkhardt, Rolf-Dieter Kortmann, André O. von Bueren, Christof M. Kramm
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Soundings: A sporting chance
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2006)

When the United Kingdom's heavy industries began closing in the 1970s and 1980s, working class boys received their redundancy notices. What future was there for them? Nowadays many working class boys are out of control, disruptive, depressed, violent, self harming, and addicted to drugs, and we lock them up in record numbers.

Doctors—either seduced by intellectual vanity or naivety—have stepped in to “treat” these troubled youngsters. Estimates suggest that 1 in 10 of them has a diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A pupil from an inner city academy can expect a school exclusion order, a psychologist, and amphetamines, and to graduate with a first class ASBO (antisocial behaviour order). Our school system is a construct of middle class values, where academic qualifications are the only measure of a success. Consequently, many working class boys are in, and are, trouble.

When I was at secondary school, I was tall and poorly coordinated, last picked at games and shoved in goal. The physical education teacher shouted at us constantly: “Concentrate,” “Work together,” “Stay in position,” “Think, you idiot,” and “Team work!” Then it was round and round the pitches, sprints, press ups, and squat thrusts until our lungs burnt with pain. Then more shouting: “Support him,” “Shut up, Spence,” “Cool it,” “You're off if you do that again,” “Do as I tell you,” “Heads up,” and “Show some respect.” The teacher denigrated us one and all, and we hated him and the game. We cursed him behind his back and told that joke about games teachers wearing their IQ scores on their shirts. But competitive team sports were compulsory, and no number of drippy letters from daddy was going to get you off.

I have my own children now and I stand on the touchline every Sunday. I couldn't care less if they win or lose, nor even if they enjoy sports, because that's not the point. I figure that competitive team sports are the child psychologist and stimulant drug of much of humanity. These games for life provide some balance between the individual and the group, between winning and losing, and between aggression and control and the power of belonging.

The 1970s are back in fashion, so time for the can-shout-will-shout, polyester-tracksuit brigade to make a come back.
The functions of human subjects review committees
Authors: B H Gray
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

After summarizing the literature on the functioning of committees set up to review research involving human subjects, the author describes three latent or emerging functions of these committees. These include using the committees to protect institutions, to judge proposed research in terms of possible social policy impact, and to consider proposed research from the standpoint of "community acceptability". The author expresses concern about the possible politicization of review committee decisions.
Inhibition of spleen tyrosine kinase activation ameliorates inflammation, cell death, and steatosis in alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Terence N. Bukong, Arvin Iracheta‐Vellve, Banishree Saha, Aditya Ambade, Abhishek Satishchandran, Benedek Gyongyosi, Patrick Lowe, Donna Catalano, Karen Kodys, Gyongyi Szabo
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

The spectrum of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of mortality with limited therapies available. Because alcohol targets numerous signaling pathways in hepatocytes and in immune cells, the identification of a master regulatory target that modulates multiple signaling processes is attractive. In this report, we assessed the role of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, which has a central modulatory role in multiple proinflammatory signaling pathways involved in the pathomechanism of ALD. Using mouse disease models that represent various phases in the progression of human ALD, we found that alcohol, in all of these models, induced SYK activation in the liver, both in hepatocytes and liver mononuclear cells. Furthermore, significant SYK activation also occurred in liver samples and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with ALD/alcoholic hepatitis compared to controls. Functional inhibition of SYK activation in vivo abrogated alcohol‐induced hepatic neutrophil infiltration, resident immune cell activation, as well as inflammasome and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1 and 2‐mediated nuclear factor kappa B activation in mice. Strikingly, inhibition of SYK activation diminished alcohol‐induced hepatic steatosis and interferon regulatory factor 3‐mediated apoptosis. Conclusion : Our data demonstrate a novel, functional, and multicellular role for SYK phosphorylation in modulating immune cell‐driven liver inflammation, hepatocyte cell death, and steatosis at different stages of ALD. These novel findings highlight SYK as a potential multifunctional target in the treatment of alcoholic steatohepatitis. (H epatology 2016;64:1057‐1071)
Tuberculosis and the General Hospital
Authors: G E SPENCER
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

He discovery of the tubercle bacillus by Koch gave only a fresh impetus to the study of preliminary and ^ er forms of tuberculosis, but it united all the forms ])r and raised hopes that the malady would be ,^?_ught within the sphere of prevention and cure.Since ls all maladies the one disease which claims the ^^test number of victims?50,000 annually in this , r y> or one-ninth of the total death-rate?the problem ias ?ercu^osis remains for medical men one of the most Dit lna^g of our time.In the wards of our general hos- ?Ur "S ^ere are almost always cases of tuberculosis.With ;j.jo^lncreasing knowledge of the disease and of its infec- ,s nature, we naturally ask ourselves whether it is Jl0Slr.a^>^6that such a disease should be treated in general Tvjjjj s* seems something of a contradiction that, PhtV .^ygienistsare teaching the necessity of segregating san S1C3^ Patients in their homes or of removing them to tlie' ' hospital physicians should be treating them in lr Wards.The experience of the Brompton Hospital is ve M to show that, given good conditions and plenty of
Fitness
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Fitness Inactivity leads to loss of muscle, obesity, and reduced functional ability.Low physical fitness increases risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and some types of cancer.Individuals who are physically fit can do more things, have better endurance for activities and tasks, and are healthier than persons who have low fitness.Obesity and low physical fitness are often related, but thin persons are not necessarily physically fit just because they are thin.Even small increases in physical fitness can make a big difference to a person' s health.Incorporating small changes into daily activities can slowly and gradually improve fitness, leading to better health.The December 21, 2005, issue of JAMA includes an article about physical fitness and its effects on cardiovascular diseases.
Assessment of sociolegal judgment of offenders
Authors: M S Cerino, A J Dy
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

While working with young male offenders the authors developed a scale to assess sociolegal judgment, i.e., the ability to evaluate the possible social and legal consequences of various choices of action in a given situation. They found that some inmates had committed crimes because of poor sociolegal judgment, whereas others understood the consequences of their actions but chose to act illegally despite this knowledge.
RO-11DECREASED INCIDENCE OF HYPOTHYROIDISM AFTER CRANIOSPINAL IRRADIATION (CSI) WITH PROTON THERAPY (PRT) IN PATIENTS WITH MEDULLOBLASTOMA
Authors: Kevin Bielamowicz, M. Fatih Okcu, Rona Sonabend, Anita Mahajan, Arnold C. Paulino, Adekunle Adesina, Robert Dauser, Murali Chintagumpala
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
PI3K Pathway Inhibition Achieves Potent Antitumor Activity in Melanoma Brain Metastases<i>In Vitro</i>and<i>In Vivo</i>
Authors: Heike Niessner, Jennifer Schmitz, Ghazaleh Tabatabai, Andreas M. Schmid, Carsten Calaminus, Tobias Sinnberg, Benjamin Weide, Thomas K. Eigentler, Claus Garbe, Birgit Schittek, Leticia Quintanilla-Fend, Benjamin Bender, Marion Mai, Christian Praetorius, Stefan Beissert, Gabriele Schackert, Michael H. Muders, Matthias Meinhardt, Gustavo B. Baretton, Reinhard Dummer, Keith Flaherty, Bernd J. Pichler, Dagmar Kulms, Dana Westphal, Friedegund Meier
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Great advances have recently been made in treating patients with metastatic melanoma. However, existing therapies are less effective on cerebral than extracerebral metastases. This highlights the potential role of the brain environment on tumor progression and drug resistance and underlines the need for "brain-specific" therapies. We previously showed that the PI3K-AKT survival pathway is hyperactivated in brain but not extracerebral melanoma metastases and that astrocyte-conditioned medium activates AKT in melanoma cells in vitro We therefore tested the PI3K inhibitor buparlisib as an antitumor agent for melanoma brain metastases.Buparlisib inhibited AKT activity, decreased proliferation, and induced apoptosis in metastatic melanoma cell lines and short-term brain melanoma cells, irrespective of their BRAF and NRAS mutation status. In addition, buparlisib inhibited hyperactivated AKT and induced apoptosis in melanoma cells that were stimulated with astrocyte-conditioned medium. The growth of tumors induced by injecting human BRAF- and NRAS-mutant metastatic melanoma cells into the brain of mice was significantly inhibited by buparlisib.These results emphasize the value of targeting the PI3K pathway as a strategy to develop drugs for melanoma brain metastases. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5818-28. ©2016 AACR.
MB-30OUTCOME OF CLINICAL “STANDARD RISK” MEDULLOBLASTOMA WITH CMYC AMPLIFICATION: A CASE REPORT AND ASSESSMENT OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Diana S. Osorio, Mohamed S. AbdelBaki, Michael Guiou, Daniel R. Boue', Christopher R. Pierson, Lance Governale, Jerome Rusin, Suzanne Scott, David Capper, Stefan Pfister, Jonathan L. Finlay
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)