tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Postoperative adjuvant chemoradiation using oral capecitabine and 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin (FP) in completely resected locally advanced gastric cancer
Authors: H.-C. Kwon, M. C. Kim, S.-H. Kim, J.-S. Kim, H. S. Lee, S. R. Choi, J. S. Jeong, G. J. Jung, H.-J. Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

4141 Background: Gastric cancer is the most common cancer in Korea. Adjuvant chemoradiation has become a standard of care in United States. We attempted to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of FP before and after postoperative chemoradiation using oral capecitabine in locally advanced gastric cancer patients. Methods: Patients with gastric cancer staged IIIA to IV-M0 were treated with chemoradiation after curative resection with extensive (D2) lymph node dissection. Therapy consisted of one cycle of FP (5-FU 1000 mg/m2 continuous infusion on day 1–5, cisplatin 60 mg/m2 on day 1) followed by 4,500 cGY (180 cGy/day) to RT field with capecitabine (1,650 mg/m2/day throughout radiation). One month after completion of radiotherapy, patients received three additional cycles of chemotherapy. Results: Twenty-one patients were enrolled and twenty patients completed chemoradiation as planned. 17 patients were man, median age was 49 (range 31–62). The patient's stage were IIIA(12), IIIB(6), and IV-M0(3). With a median follow-up of 14.2 months, two patients (9.5%) have relapsed, one in liver and the other in peritoneum. Grade 3/4 toxicity were neurtopenia 4 patients (19%), thrombocytopenia 1 patient (5%), fatigue 1 patient (5%), nausea/vomiting 1 patient (5%). There was no grade 3/4 hand foot syndrome, and no patient has developed febrile neutropenia. There has been no treatment related deaths. Conclusions: These preliminary results suggest that postoperative regimen of FP and chemoradiation with capecitabine is a safe, well-tolerated in gastric cancer patients who have undergone a D2 dissection. Longer follow up and further studies are needed to evaluate efficacy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
TAS-102 for Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancers That Are No Longer Responding to Other Therapies
Authors: Daphne L. van der Velden, Frans L. Opdam, Emile E. Voest
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

TAS-102 is a novel oral formulation of trifluridine (TFT) and tipiracil hydrochloride (TPI), a thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor. TFT was originally synthesized in the 1960s and is a nucleoside analogue that impedes DNA synthesis by inhibition of thymidylate synthase. TFT's main mechanism of action, however, seems to be its incorporation into DNA, which distinguishes TFT from current well-known antimetabolites like 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The rapid degradation of TFT brought initial clinical development to a halt, but TFT reentered clinical trials when addition of a TPI was found to improve the bioavailability of TFT. The combined TFT-TPI formulation was tested in patients with treatment-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer in the randomized phase III RECOURSE study. Compared with placebo, TAS-102 was associated with an overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) benefit and a 32% reduction in risk of death [median OS, 7.1 (95% CI, 6.5-7.8) vs. 5.3 months (95% CI, 4.6-6.0); median PFS, 2.0 (95% CI, 1.9-2.1) vs. 1.7 months (95% CI, 1.7-1.8); HR for death, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.58-0.81, P < 0.001)]. Based on the results of this pivotal trial and supported by results from an earlier phase II study, TAS-102 recently gained FDA approval. This article reviews the development of TAS-102 and its therapeutic value for the proposed indication. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 2835-9. ©2016 AACR.
Mutation Theory of Carcinogenesis in Retinoblastoma2
Authors: C. Bonaïti-Pellie, M. L. Briard Guillemot, J. Feingold, J. Frezal
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

To test Knudson's hypothesis that two successive mutations are involved in retinoblastoma, we studied the data on 899 cases. Some of the findings appeared to differ from those that might be expected if Knudson's hypothesis were correct. Certain criticisms of Knudson's methodology and model were suggested. Alternative explanations proposed were 1) the role of the sequence in which mutations occur, and 2) the possibility of three mutational events.
Seroepidemiologic Studies of Herpesvirus Type 2 and Carcinoma of the Cervix. II. Uganda&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: E. Adam, S. D. Sharma, O. Zeigler, K. Iwamoto, J. L. Melnick, A. H. Levy, W. E. Rawls
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

The occurrence of antibodies to herpesvirus type 2 was studied among women with cervical cancer, control women, and children in Uganda. Antibodies to the virus did not appear in the population until puberty. In addition to a difference in the reported experience with venereal diseases, antibody distribution appeared to differ among tribes. Ninety percent of Ganda women with cervical cancer and 71% of control women from the same tribe had herpesvirus type 2 antibodies. Among the non-Ganda women, 67% of patients with cervical cancer and 74% of controls had antibodies. The high occurrence of herpesvirus type 2 antibodies in this population does not distinguish between the hypotheses that the association between the virus and cancer is etiologic or that it is a covariable of sexual activity.
Induction of Renal Tumors in Triploid Leopard Frogs&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Robert G. McKinnell, Kenyon S. Tweedell
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Triploid larvae of the common leopard frog, Rana pipiens, were given injections of cell fractions obtained from inclusion-containing frog renal adenocarcinomas. The tumor fractions, containing fragmented mitochondria, ribosomes, and scattered nucleated herpes-type viruses, were injected with a syringe needle through the opercular opening and thence into the abdomen. Ploidy of the larvae and induced renal tumors was ascertained by aceto-orcein chromosome squashes. Histologically confirmed renal adenocarcinomas appeared at metamorphosis in many triploid frogs.
Vulvovaginal candidiasis
Authors: J. Marrazzo
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Like other syndromes affecting the lower genital tract of women, vulvovaginal candidiasis has been regarded as more of a “nuisance infection” than a topic of serious scientific inquiry. New advances in molecular epidemiology, host mucosal immunology, and antifungal treatment have, however, enlivened investigation into this common condition.

Furthermore, the economic costs of vulvovaginal candidiasis treatment have been well documented, along with the extent to which women treat themselves with a variety of antifungal preparations that are available without a prescription. In 2002 women in the United States spent over half a billion dollars on medications to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis, with about half this amount spent on over the counter preparations.1 This is despite the fact that many women may wrongly diagnose vulvovaginal candidiasis and may be equally or more likely to have bacterial vaginosis, with or without vulvovaginal candidiasis.2

Truly representative data on the epidemiology of vulvovaginal candidiasis are hard to come by. Vaginal colonisation with Candida , a prerequisite for development of vulvovaginal …
TCTAP A-077 Degree of Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sunki Lee, Seung-Woon Rha, Byoung Geol Choi, Se Yeon Choi, Jae Kyeong Byun, Min Shim, Sung Hun Park, Eun Jin Park, Jah Yeon Choi, Jae Joong Lee, Li Hu, Jin Oh Na, Cheolung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Clinical, pathological and genetic features of follicular lymphoma grade 3A: a joint analysis of the German low-grade and high-grade lymphoma study groups GLSG and DSHNHL
Authors: K. Koch, E. Hoster, M. Ziepert, M. Unterhalt, G. Ott, A. Rosenwald, M.L. Hansmann, W. Bernd, H. Stein, V. Pöschel, M. Dreyling, L. Trümper, M. Löffler, N. Schmitz, W. Hiddemann, M. Pfreundschuh, W. Klapper
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Abstract 4196: Neuregulin signaling in development and transformation of the luminal breast epithelium
Authors: David B. Vaught, Donna Hicks, Violeta Sanchez, Rebecca Cook
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract ErbB3 and ErbB4 are members of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) that can be activated by neuregulins (NRGs) and as a result are often referred to as the neuregulin receptors. The neuregulin receptors are required for growth and survival of the ductal and alveolar luminal epithelium. We have recently shown that ErbB3 is required for survival and growth of the ductal luminal epithelium and to maintain the balance of differentiated epithelial cell types in the mammary gland, which is consistent with the fact the ErbB3 expression is highest in the ductal luminal epithelium and in luminal progenitor populations of the mouse and human mammary glands. ErbB4, is also required for growth in the luminal mammary epithelium, but not within the ductal luminal population, rather in the alveolar luminal population. In addition to neuregulin receptor signaling in development, ErbB3 and ErbB4 expression has been found to be at the highest levels in luminal breast cancers compared to other molecular breast cancer subtypes. Furthermore, human luminal breast cancer cell lines also express higher levels of ErbB3 and ErbB4 than cell lines derived from other molecular breast cancer subtypes. Since both ErbB3 and ErbB4 are capable of binding to neuregulin ligands and heterodimerizing with other ErbB family members, there is evidence that ErbB4 may compensate for loss of ErbB3, and vice versa. Thus, our goal is to understand how combined loss of ErbB3 and ErbB4 impact the normal luminal cell populations and the transformed cell populations of the breast epithelium. We hypothesize that loss of ErbB3 and ErbB4 will decrease cellular growth and survival during development and in our mouse models of breast cancer. Early studies demonstrate conditional loss of ErbB3fl/fl and ErbB4fl/fl independently and in combination decrease pup weights compared to control mice and demonstrate reduced epithelium/alveolar cell expansion in whole mount and histology analysis. In addition, early analysis of ErbB3fl/fl, ErbB4fl/fl ErbB3fl/fl/ErbB4fl/fl crossed to the p110 inducible mouse model of breast cancer are trending to a delay in tumor onset. Molecular analysis demonstrates a reduction in Pi3K/Akt signaling and Jak/Stat signaling in ErbB3fl/fl and ErbB4fl/fl respectively, with ongoing studies currently underway to analyze signaling in ErbB3fl/fl/ErbB4fl/fl mice in development. Citation Format: David B. Vaught, Donna Hicks, Violeta Sanchez, Rebecca Cook. Neuregulin signaling in development and transformation of the luminal breast epithelium. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4196. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4196
Revisiting the continuum model of tendon pathology: what is its merit in clinical practice and research?
Authors: J L Cook, E Rio, C R Purdam, S I Docking
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

The pathogenesis of tendinopathy and the primary biological change in the tendon that precipitates pathology have generated several pathoaetiological models in the literature. The continuum model of tendon pathology, proposed in 2009, synthesised clinical and laboratory-based research to guide treatment choices for the clinical presentations of tendinopathy. While the continuum has been cited extensively in the literature, its clinical utility has yet to be fully elucidated. The continuum model proposed a model for staging tendinopathy based on the changes and distribution of disorganisation within the tendon. However, classifying tendinopathy based on structure in what is primarily a pain condition has been challenged. The interplay between structure, pain and function is not yet fully understood, which has partly contributed to the complex clinical picture of tendinopathy. Here we revisit and assess the merit of the continuum model in the context of new evidence. We (1) summarise new evidence in tendinopathy research in the context of the continuum, (2) discuss tendon pain and the relevance of a model based on structure and (3) describe relevant clinical elements (pain, function and structure) to begin to build a better understanding of the condition. Our goal is that the continuum model may help guide targeted treatments and improved patient outcomes.
Control of glioblastoma tumorigenesis by feed-forward cytokine signaling
Authors: Arezu Jahani-Asl, Hang Yin, Vahab D Soleimani, Takrima Haque, H Artee Luchman, Natasha C Chang, Marie-Claude Sincennes, Sidharth V Puram, Andrew M Scott, Ian A J Lorimer, Theodore J Perkins, Keith L Ligon, Samuel Weiss, Michael A Rudnicki, Azad Bonni
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2016)
Long-term in vitro maintenance of clonal abundance and leukaemia-initiating potential in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: D Pal, H J Blair, A Elder, K Dormon, K J Rennie, D J L Coleman, J Weiland, K S Rankin, A Filby, O Heidenreich, J Vormoor
Journal: Leukemia (2016)

Lack of suitable in vitro culture conditions for primary acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) cells severely impairs their experimental accessibility and the testing of new drugs on cell material reflecting clonal heterogeneity in patients. We show that Nestin-positive human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) support expansion of a range of biologically and clinically distinct patient-derived ALL samples. Adherent ALL cells showed an increased accumulation in the S phase of the cell cycle and diminished apoptosis when compared with cells in the suspension fraction. Moreover, surface expression of adhesion molecules CD34, CDH2 and CD10 increased several fold. Approximately 20% of the ALL cells were in G0 phase of the cell cycle, suggesting that MSCs may support quiescent ALL cells. Cellular barcoding demonstrated long-term preservation of clonal abundance. Expansion of ALL cells for >3 months compromised neither feeder dependence nor cancer initiating ability as judged by their engraftment potential in immunocompromised mice. Finally, we demonstrate the suitability of this co-culture approach for the investigation of drug combinations with luciferase-expressing primograft ALL cells. Taken together, we have developed a preclinical platform with patient-derived material that will facilitate the development of clinically effective combination therapies for ALL.
Update on the safety and efficacy of retroviral gene therapy for immunodeficiency due to adenosine deaminase deficiency
Authors: Maria Pia Cicalese, Francesca Ferrua, Laura Castagnaro, Roberta Pajno, Federica Barzaghi, Stefania Giannelli, Francesca Dionisio, Immacolata Brigida, Marco Bonopane, Miriam Casiraghi, Antonella Tabucchi, Filippo Carlucci, Eyal Grunebaum, Mehdi Adeli, Robbert G. Bredius, Jennifer M. Puck, Polina Stepensky, Ilhan Tezcan, Katie Rolfe, Erika De Boever, Rickey R. Reinhardt, Jonathan Appleby, Fabio Ciceri, Maria Grazia Roncarolo, Alessandro Aiuti
Journal: Blood (2016)
TCTAP A-002 Clinical Outcomes of Re-Attempt Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Total Occlusion: Insights from Japanese Retrograde Summit Registry
Authors: Masaki Tanabe, Toshiya Muramatsu, Tsutomu Fujita, Atsunori Okamura, Makoto Muto, Masahisa Yamane, Akitsugu Oida, Yuji Oikawa, Satoru Otsuji, Ryohei Yoshikawa, Etsuo Tsuchikane
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
DOUBLE BLIND RANDOMIZED PHASE II STUDY WITH RADIATION+5-FLUOROURACIL +/- CELECOXIB FOR RESECTABLE RECTAL CANCER
Authors: A Debucquoy, M Lambrecht, S Roels, L Goethals, Louis Libbrecht, E Van Cutsem, K Geboes, F Penninckx, D Andre, HM William, H Karin
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)
KE108-conjugated unimolecular micelles loaded with a novel HDAC inhibitor thailandepsin-A for targeted neuroendocrine cancer therapy
Authors: Guojun Chen, Renata Jaskula–Sztul, April Harrison, Ajitha Dammalapati, Wenjin Xu, Yiqiang Cheng, Herbert Chen, Shaoqin Gong
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)
Early integration of palliative care in patients with pancreatic cancer: A retrospective study for quality improvement.
Authors: Nina N. Grenon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

72 Background: Many patients with pancreatic cancer receive palliative care only at the end of life despite the fact that the course of illness is plagued with physical, emotional symptoms and existential distress. There is strong evidence that combining palliative care with standard cancer treatment improves quality of life for those patients with in metastatic cancer and in some cases can help extend survival. Early incorporation of palliative care for patients with incurable cancer is an important focus for quality improvement. Methods: The purpose of this quality improvement study was to describe quality indicators for palliative care, and discover when palliative care was introduced during the course of illness in patients with pancreatic cancer. Domains of palliative care identified by the National Consensus Project and the National Quality Framework, provided the framework for this study. A retrospective medical record review of patients with pancreatic cancer treated at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) between January 2009 to December 2011 was conducted. Time variables relevant to disease course, and palliative care referrals were collected. Other key variables included: the reason for, and frequency and timing of, palliative care discussions. Results: Medical records from 150 DFCI patients were reviewed in which the mean length of care from first visit to last note (typically death) was 414 days (SD=347). 52 (35%) records included documentation of a palliative care discussion and the majority of those occurred at the time of disease progression. Prognosis discussions were documented after a mean 177 (SD=285) days and a palliative care consult was made on average at day 343 (SD=301). Of those consults, the large majority (82%) were requested for symptom management. Conclusions: Despite evidence and standards of care that support early palliative care discussions and subsequent referrals for palliative care consults, these findings suggest such events occurred late in the trajectory and care of patients with pancreatic cancer. Future quality work and training will address provider and health system variables that can promote discussions and consults.
Reduced Disparities in Birth Rates Among Teens Aged 15–19 Years — United States, 2006–2007 and 2013–2014
Authors: Lisa Romero, Karen Pazol, Lee Warner, Shanna Cox, Charlan Kroelinger, Ghenet Besera, Anna Brittain, Taleria R. Fuller, Emilia Koumans, Wanda Barfield
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

Teen childbearing can have negative health, economic, and social consequences for mothers and their children (1) and costs the United States approximately $9.4 billion annually (2). During 1991-2014, the birth rate among teens aged 15-19 years in the United States declined 61%, from 61.8 to 24.2 births per 1,000, the lowest rate ever recorded (3). Nonetheless, in 2014, the teen birth rate remained approximately twice as high for Hispanic and non-Hispanic black (black) teens compared with non-Hispanic white (white) teens (3), and geographic and socioeconomic disparities remain (3,4), irrespective of race/ethnicity. Social determinants associated with teen childbearing (e.g., low parental educational attainment and limited opportunities for education and employment) are more common in communities with higher proportions of racial and ethnic minorities (4), contributing to the challenge of further reducing disparities in teen births. To examine trends in births for teens aged 15-19 years by race/ethnicity and geography, CDC analyzed National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) data at the national (2006-2014), state (2006-2007 and 2013-2014), and county (2013-2014) levels. To describe socioeconomic indicators previously associated with teen births, CDC analyzed data from the American Community Survey (ACS) (2010-2014). Nationally, from 2006 to 2014, the teen birth rate declined 41% overall with the largest decline occurring among Hispanics (51%), followed by blacks (44%), and whites (35%). The birth rate ratio for Hispanic teens and black teens compared with white teens declined from 2.9 to 2.2 and from 2.3 to 2.0, respectively. From 2006-2007 to 2013-2014, significant declines in teen birth rates and birth rate ratios were noted nationally and in many states. At the county level, teen birth rates for 2013-2014 ranged from 3.1 to 119.0 per 1,000 females aged 15-19 years; ACS data indicated unemployment was higher, and education attainment and family income were lower in counties with higher teen birth rates. State and county data can be used to understand disparities in teen births and implement community-level interventions that address the social and structural conditions associated with high teen birth rates.
Bortezomib, Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide, Dexamethasone Induction Followed by Stem Cell Transplantation for Primary Plasma Cell Leukemia: A Prospective Phase II Study of the Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome
Authors: Bruno Royer, Stéphane Minvielle, Momar Diouf, Murielle Roussel, Lionel Karlin, Cyrille Hulin, Bertrand Arnulf, Margaret Macro, Sylvie Cailleres, Annie Brion, Sabine Brechignac, Karim Belhadj, Marie Lorraine Chretien, Marc Wetterwald, Carine Chaleteix, Mourad Tiab, Xavier Leleu, Laurent Frenzel, Laurent Garderet, Sylvain Choquet, Jean Gabriel Fuzibet, Charles Dauriac, Luc-Matthieu Forneker, Lotfi Benboubker, Thierry Facon, Philippe Moreau, Hervé Avet-Loiseau, Jean Pierre Marolleau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

Purpose Primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. With conventional chemotherapy, patients typically die within 1 year. In all but one of the retrospective studies reported to date, bortezomib and lenalidomide seem to improve survival. We conducted a prospective phase II trial in patients with pPCL to assess the efficacy of an alternate regimen that combines standard chemotherapy, a proteasome inhibitor, and high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDM/ASCT) followed by either allogeneic transplantation or bortezomib/lenalidomide maintenance. Patients and Methods Patients 70 years old and younger with newly diagnosed pPCL received four alternating cycles of bortezomib, dexamethasone plus doxorubicin or cyclophosphamide. Peripheral blood stem cells were collected from responding patients with &lt; 1% of circulating plasma cells before HDM/ASCT. As consolidation, young patients received a reduced-intensity conditioning allograft, whereas the remaining patients underwent a second HDM/ASCT followed by 1 year of bortezomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Results Forty patients (median age, 57 years; range, 27 to 71 years) were enrolled. The median follow-up was 28.7 months. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the median PFS and overall survival were 15.1 (95% CI, 8.4; -) and 36.3 (95% CI, 25.6; -) months, respectively. The overall response rate to induction was 69%. One patient underwent a syngeneic allograft and 25 HDM/ASCT (16 of whom subsequently received a reduced-intensity conditioning allograft and seven a second ASCT followed by maintenance). Conclusion In this prospective trial in patients with pPCL, we show that bortezomib, dexamethasone plus doxorubicin or cyclophosphamide induction followed by transplantation induces high response rates and appears to significantly improve PFS.