tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased Blood Fibrinolytic Activity after Aspirin Ingestion
Authors: Leonard A. Moroz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Fibrinolytic activity of whole blood and of platelet-deficient plasma, measured by 125I-fibrin assay in four normal subjects before and after ingestion of 1.8 g of aspirin, increased 33 to 150 per cent at one to three hours, at plasma salicylate levels of 5 to 18 mg per 100 ml. In two, plasma activity also increased. Fibrinolysis in blood, but not in plasma, increased 66 per cent after sodium salicylate. Sodium salicylate increased fibrinolytic activities of blood and of purified polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro, whereas aspirin had little effect. These striking effects of aspirin on cellular and fluid phases of blood fibrinolysis are apparently distinct from known aspirin actions on platelets. Plasma fibrinolytic activity accounted for only 18.8 +/- 12.3 per cent (S.D.) and 17.4 +/- 10.4 per cent of the activity measured in the corresponding whole blood of 11 normal men and 10 normal women, respectively, indicating the importance of cellular elements in normal blood fibrinolysis.
Case 20-1991
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Nicholas J. Berg, Ben Z. Pilch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital from The New England Journal of Medicine — Case 20-1991 — A 62-Year-Old Woman with Obstruction of the Left Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses by a Mass
Immunogenetic Aspects of Polyoma VirusSusceptibility in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: S. S. Chang, W. H. Hildemann, A. F. Ras-Mussen, Jr.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

Possible mechanisms responsible for the genetic resistance of mice to polyoma virus infection and oncogenesis were investigated. Cells from the highly susceptible AKR strain and the relatively resistant C57BL/6 strain did not differ significantly in their susceptibilities to polyoma virus in vitro. Embryo cells and juvenile kidney cells of both mouse strains were equally vulnerable to plaque production; moreover, embryo cells and macrophages from either strain supported virus proliferation equally well. In contrast, virus titers in intact organs were consistently higher in AKR than in C57BL/6 mice for at least 32 days after infection. Isogeneic transfer of 0.05 ml hyperimmune antiviral serum 3 hours before infection completely safeguarded neonatal C57BL/6 and (C57BL/6 × AKR)F1 mice and substantially protected AKR mice. Isogeneic transfer of lymphoid cells from immunized adults even in low dosage conferred substantial protection, especially on C57BL/6 and F1 neonates. Approximately 1.5 × 106 lymphoid cells transferred from immune AKR or C57BL/6 mice completely safeguarded 1-week-old F1 recipients against 1.4 × 104 plaque-forming units of polyoma virus, whereas lymphoid cells transferred from normal adult AKR or C57BL/6 mice afforded little protection. Under these experimental conditions, normal lymphoid cells obtained from the two strains of mice did not differ significantly in their immunologic capabilities against polyoma virus. A booster injection of polyoma virus given 3 weeks after primary infection of 1-week-old F1 mice augmented resistance to polyoma virus oncogenesis. However, passive transfer of immune serum, or adoptive transfer of isogeneic normal or immune cells from siblings, afforded only slight protection against tumorigenesis at this stage.
Changes in the Mix of AIDS-Defining Conditions
Authors: Peter J. Weiss, Mark R. Wallace, Patrick E. Olson, Rita Rossetti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

To the Editor: Antiretroviral therapy and chemoprophylaxis are changing the natural history of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with a change in the pattern of initial AIDS-defining illnesses1,2 [see Hoover et al. elsewhere in this issue]. In the U.S. military, HIV screening is mandatory. We reviewed the AIDS-defining diagnoses at the Naval Medical Center in San Diego, California, in patients who had been identified as HIV-seropositive or had received a diagnosis of AIDS while on active duty. A trend analysis was performed with a simple linear regression. AIDS was diagnosed in 198 patients during the period from . . .
Case 7-2003
Authors: Robert H. Rubin, Mary Etta King, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Presentation of CaseA 43-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of fever and rapid deterioration of vision in the left eye.The patient had been well until six weeks earlier, when fevers, sweats, myalgias, and right-sided pleuritic chest pain developed. Three days later, a chest radiograph reportedly showed pneumonia in the right lower and middle lobes. A five-day course of azithromycin was prescribed. He felt better with treatment, but one day after the course of medication ended, he felt worse. Twenty-six days before admission, a repeated chest radiograph revealed a right-sided pleural effusion. He refused to undergo thoracentesis . . .
The Use of Tantalum Gauze in the Repair of Hernias with Tissue Deficiencies
Authors: George R. Dunlop
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

IN 1889, Edward Bassini, of Italy, in prefacing his report on 251 cases of inguinal hernia, said: "After all that has been written with such feverish diligence up to the present time concerning the radical cure of inguinal hernia, it would certainly appear hazardous to publish something further on the subject." In spite of such modesty, his paper marked an epic step forward in the radical cure of hernia, and his operation, or one of its modifications, is most extensively used even today. As a result of the contributions of Zimmerman, Anson, McVey, Ramos, Burton, Harkins, Mattson, Rienhoff, Andrews and . . .
Case 19-1998
Authors: Robert H. Shmerling, Angela M. Caliendo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Presentation of CaseA 70-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of polyarthritis.The patient had been well until 13 days earlier, when he began a 3-day course of treatment with cefixime because of a root-canal operation. Watery diarrhea developed four days later. He took diphenoxylate and then flew to Europe for a one-week vacation. Mild diarrhea continued. Five days before admission, while the patient was still on vacation, his left knee became stiff, painful, and swollen. The next day, these symptoms were worse, and chilliness and night sweats developed. He began a two-day course of treatment with azithromycin. . . .
Trends in demographics, incidence, and survival in children, adolescents and young adults (AYA) with melanoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) population-based analysis.
Authors: Demytra Krista Lee Mitsis, Adrienne Groman, Lynda M. Beaupin, Kilian Elizabeth Salerno, Valerie Francescutti, Joseph J. Skitzki, John Michael Kane, Nikhil I. Khushalani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

9058 Background: Whilemelanoma incidence continues to rise in the United States, trends in children and AYA groups are poorly defined.Understanding the burden in these groups is critical in developing effective prevention strategies to ↓ risk. Methods: Data from 9 registries that have contributed to the SEER program since 1973 were used to assess descriptive epidemiology & time-trends in incidence & overall survival (OS) of melanoma in children (0-14 yrs) & AYA (15-39 yrs) from 1973-2011. 4 time quartiles (1973-80, 1981-90, 1991-2000 & 2001-11) were used. OS was compared using univariate & multivariate proportional hazards methods controlling for age, gender, race, ethnicity, stage, site & time period of diagnosis. Analyses were done using SAS v9.4. Results: 35,726 cases of melanoma in < 40 yrs old were reported from 1973-2011; median age 32 yrs; 98.9% cases in AYA. There were 13,616 males (38%) & 22,110 females (62%) with ↑ incidence in both genders over time (p < 0.001). The incidence rate per 100,000 ↑ from 13.26 to 46.79 (p < 0.001); similar significant trends were noted in both age groups across time quartiles (children: 0.45 → 1.51; AYA 22.28 →74.36; all p < 0.001). An ↑ female/male incidence rate ratio over time was noted; females comprised 57% of cases from 1973-80 but 65.2% of cases from 2001-11 (p < 0.001). The incidence was significantly higher in whites (94.8%) than other races. Most cases were cutaneous (98.6%) & localized; the incidence of in-situ melanoma rose from 4.1% to 30.4% over time (p < 0.001). OS has ↑ over all time quartiles (ref 1973-80; HR = 0.86, 0.65, 0.38; all p < 0.001) with 5 & 10-yr OS of 0.93 and 0.90 respectively. No difference in OS was seen between children & AYA (HR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.6, 1.05; p = 0.1) or between blacks & whites (HR = 1.02; 0.70, 1.49; p = 0.907). Ocular melanoma was associated with ↓ OS (HR = 1.75; 1.48, 2.08; p = < 0.001). Conclusions: Since 1973, the incidence of melanoma in children and AYA has increased by 253% with white female young adults at particular risk. There is a trend in diagnosis at earlier disease stage. Potential causes must be explored to devise intervention strategies.
Prospective Study Indicating That Double-Antibody Radioimmunoassay Reduces the Incidence of Post-Transfusion Hepatitis B
Authors: F. Blaine Hollinger, Jochewed Werch, Joseph L. Melnick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract This prospective study comprising 227 recipients illustrates that post-transfusion hepatis B infection probably would have been reduced considerably if a double-antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA-DA) method had been used to screen donor bloods for hepatitis B antigen (HBs Ag). In seven susceptible recipients (negative for HBs Ag and antibody to HBsAg) who received RIA-DA-positive blood alone clinical hepatitis B subsequently developed, or there was serologic evidence of exposure to hepatitis B virus. In contrast, a recently licensed solid-phase RIA technic (Ausria-125I) of comparable sensitivity failed to implicate a positive donor for five of these recipients, including two in whom clinical hepatitis B developed. Our RIA-DA procedure may be detecting additional antigenic determinants unrelated to HBs Ag. Anti-HBs detected in recipients before transfusion appears to offer protection from post-transfusion infection by hepatitis B virus. (N Engl J Med 290:1104–1109, 1974)
Splenectomy for Myeloid Metaplasia of the Spleen
Authors: Thomas W. Green, C. Lockard Conley, L. L. Ashburn, H. Raymond Peters
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

SINCE the report of Rathery1 in 1902, many cases of leukoerythroblastic anemia associated with myelofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia of the spleen have been described. This syndrome has been designated by a variety of descriptive terms, among which "agnogenic myeloid metaplasia"2 has been popular in recent years. The subject has been extensively reviewed by several authors.3 4 5 Donhauser,6 in 1908, suggested that the disorder was brought about by a primary depression of bone-marrow function, possibly resulting from toxic or other untoward influences, and that extramedullary blood formation occurred in the spleen and liver as a compensatory reaction. In 1937 Hickling3 first called . . .
The Silent Carrier of Beta Thalassemia
Authors: Elias Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

A family of Albanian descent had an unusual form of beta thalassemia. The father of two children with mild thalassemia major had normal red-cell morphology and normal levels of hemoglobins A2 and F, whereas the mother had elevated hemoglobin A2. The children had hemoglobin F levels of less than 12 per cent, an uncommon finding in thalassemia major. Blood samples were incubated with L-leucine-14C to determine the relative production of alpha and beta chains in reticulocytes. The decrease in beta-chain synthesis in the two siblings was less than that usually found in thalassemia major. The father and four of his relatives had a degree of impairment of beta-chain production characteristic of heterozygous beta thalassemia, despite the lack of the usual criteria for this disorder. The interaction of this "silent" form of beta thalassemia with high hemoglobin A2 thalassemia results in thalassemia major of reduced severity.
GENO-35NGS-BASED MSK-IMPACT ANALYSIS REVEALS SPECIFIC GENETIC ALTERATIONS IN RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: Masumi Tsuda, Shinji Kohsaka, Lei Wang, Taichi kimura, Mishie Tanino, Hiroshi Nishihara, Marc Ladanyi, Shinya Tanaka
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Tumor recurrence is a leading cause of cancer death, due to accumulated genomic alterations driving therapeutic resistance. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor with a high relapse rate. Identification of oncogenic driver mutations and development of effective targeted therapies are desired. To enable prediction of actionable somatic mutations in patients with finally GBM, we utilized Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets (MSK-IMPACT), a hybridization capture-based NGS targeted 341 key cancer genes in FFPE tumors, which is the first test in Japan. Paired analysis of primary and matched recurrence tumors in five glioma cases treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy (cases with transition from grade II to IV, III to IV, and IV to IV) were subjected, and reproducibility of the detectable mutations was assessed using matched primary culture cells. Many somatic mutations and copy number alterations were reliably detected in primary and recurrent tumors concomitantly or exclusively. Here, we would like to discuss the significance of MSK-IMPACT analysis to guide decision of optimal molecular targeted therapy.
PTU-107 Defining the low-risk inactive carrier in chronic hepatitis b with qhbsag: do the same rules apply in children and young adults?
Authors: N Hansi, US Gill, M Banerjee, S Naik, W Tong, GR Foster, I Carey, PT Kennedy
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> A substantial proportion of e-Antigen negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) under specialist follow-up are inactive carriers (IC) defined as those with low serum ALT and HBV DNA. Recent studies have described the potential utility of quantitative Hepatitis B surface antigen (qHBsAg) (&lt;1,000 IU/ml) to represent a low-risk IC state, which is associated with reduced risk for disease progression and the development of HCC. Conversely higher qHBsAg levels (&gt;1,000 IU/ml) are associated with an increase in risk of disease progression.<sup>1</sup>Accurate identification of low-risk IC’s would reduce the frequency of follow-up and the need for HCC screening in selected patients. We investigated whether a qHBsAg threshold (&lt;1,000 IU/ml) representing a low-risk IC profile can be applied to children and young adults with CHB. <h3>Method</h3> Fifty-six consecutive treatment naïve eAg negative young patients (&lt;30 years) considered IC’s (ALT &lt;40, HBV DNA &lt;2,000 IU/ml) over longitudinal follow-up were analysed; female = 38, median age = 26 years (range 12–30 years). A cohort of older patients (&gt;30 years) based on the same parameters were included for comparison; female = 33%, median age = 42 years (range 31–61 years). HBsAg levels were quantified in all patients to determine any correlation between the qHBsAg threshold (&lt;1,000 IU/ml) and age. <h3>Results</h3> In keeping with an IC disease profile, serum ALT and HBV DNA levels in both cohorts were similar (p = ns), however, qHBsAg levels were significantly higher in the &lt;30s vs. &gt;30s; mean qHBsAg 10,545 IU/ml vs. 5,278 IU/ml (p = 0.006). In accordance with this we detected a significant negative correlation with age and qHBsAg (Spearman Rho rs = -0.35, p = 0.0004). A significantly higher proportion of older patients had qHBsAg &lt;1,000 IU/ml, (36% vs. 13%, p = &lt;0.001), consistent with low-risk IC state. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The addition of qHBsAg to serum ALT and HBV DNA can enhance risk stratification. However, a threshold level (&lt;1,000 IU/ml) cannot be safely utilised in young patients to define a low-risk IC state. The natural decline in qHBsAg with advancing age underlines the need for further studies to define an age limit above which this qHBsAg level (&lt;1,000 IU/ml) can be used to identify low-risk ICs and streamline clinical monitoring. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Tseng TC, Liu CJ, Yang HC, <i>et al</i>. High levels of hepatitis B surface antigen increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with low HBV load. Gastroenterology 2012;142:1140–1149
A large multicentric study of gemcitabine-based regimen in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients (pts)
Authors: P. Validire, C. Fermé, P. Brice, M. Diviné, J. Gabarre, K. Bouabdallah, O. Fitoussi, D. Chaoui, C. Soussain, P. Carde, D. Decaudin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

18518 Background: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine-based regimen in heavily pretreated HL pts. Methods: Relapsed or refractory HL pts treated with gemcitabine were retrospectively reviewed. Gemcitabine was used as a single agent or administered in combination with vinorelbine, oxaliplatine, doxorubicine, vinblastine, rituximab, and/or corticosteroids. Results: Fifty-five pts treated in 9 departments of clinical hematology between January 1999 and August 2006 were included in the study. Initial characteristics before gemcitabine administration were: nodular sclerosis in 84%; sex ratio M/F 1.1; median age 29 years (range: 15–85 years); advanced stage 84%; extranodal sites were lung, bone, liver, soft tissues, and bone marrow in 68%, 31%, 13%, 21%, and 4%, respectively; Hasenclever index lower than 3 in 20/43 cases (47%). At the end of the first front-line therapy (chemotherapy ± radiotherapy), 19 pts (35%) were in complete response (CR) in whom 13 relapsed within one year, 5 were in partial response (PR), and 31 pts were primary refractory (56%). Median number of previous chemotherapeutic regimen was 3 (range 1–8), 39 pts (71%) have received radiotherapy (RT), and 34 pts (62%) one or two autologous/allogenic stem cell transplantations (A/ASCT). Twenty-nine pts received gemcitabine alone with a median initial dose per injection of 750 mg/m 2 (range: 180–1250 mg/m 2 ); Gemcitabine was administered at an initial dose per injection of 1000 mg/m 2 (range: 500–1250) in combination with vinorelbine in 10 pts, oxaliplatine in 13 pts in whom 4 with rituximab, and with others drugs in 3 pts. In both cases, the median number of combined gemcitabine regimen injections was 6 (range: 1–27). Toxicity was mainly hematological (75% of pts developed bi- or pancytopenia) or infectious (13%). Among all included pts, 6 were in CR (11%) and 5 in PR with an overall response rate of 20%. Among the 6 CR, 5 pts received thereafter A/ASCT and 2 pts RT, with 2 persistent CR at 16 and 44 months. In univariate analysis, none prognostic factor for response to gemcitabine was identified. Conclusions: This study, which constitutes one of the most important series, showed a mild efficacy of gemcitabine-based regimen in heavily pretreated HL patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Changes in Lipid and Lipoprotein Levels and Body Weight in Tarahumara Indians after Consumption of an Affluent Diet
Authors: Martha P. McMurry, Maria Teresa Cerqueira, Sonja L. Connor, William E. Connor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Major new public health problems occur in developing countries as they become more affluent and change their traditional dietary patterns. To study this phenomenon in microcosm, we substituted an "affluent" diet for the traditional diet of a group of Tarahumara Indians, a Mexican people known to consume a low-fat, high-fiber diet and to have a very low incidence of risk factors for coronary heart disease.
Partners of distressed transvestites
Authors: T N Wise, C Dupkin, J K Meyer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

The authors studied partners of 18 transvestites who sought consultation because of their disorder. They found that all of these women were moral masochists and that all tolerated the self-centered, obsessive-compulsive behavior of their transvestic spouses. Many of these women had experienced multiple losses and poor parenting, and their transvestic partners fulfilled their dependency needs. The authors recommend supportive and insight-oriented therapy for such women who, in order to stay with a transvestic man, sacrifice their own self-esteem and desire to engage in a mutual relationship.
A Comparison of Androgens for Anemia in Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Martin S. Neff, Judith Goldberg, Robert F. Slifkin, Arnold R. Eiser, Vito Calamia, Marcelle Kaplan, Andres Baez, Surrendra Gupta, Nirmal Mattoo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

To compare the erythropoietic effects of nandrolone decanoate, testosterone enanthate, oxymetholone, and fluoxymesterone, we performed a randomized clinical trial in patients with anemia who were receiving maintenance hemodialysis (the women were not given testosterone enanthate). After a control period of at least two months, patients received one of the drugs for six months and then returned to control status; a second and third drug were administered in a similar fashion. Seventy-seven patients completed the first drug period, 56 the second, and 35 the third. The response to nandrolone and testosterone enanthate, the two drugs given by injection, was clearly superior to the response to oxymetholone or fluoxymesterone, given by mouth, in terms of the percentage of patients responding and the mean rise in hematocrit. Approximately half the patients had an increase of at least 5 percentage points in hematocrit after an injectable androgen was given; more than half the women responded. Patients who required transfusions regularly and those who had bilateral nephrectomies did not respond.
Early occurrence of red blood cell alloimmunization in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Joep W.R. Sins, Bart J. Biemond, Sil M. van den Bersselaar, H. Heijboer, Anita W. Rijneveld, Marjon H. Cnossen, Jean‐Louis H. Kerkhoffs, Alfred H. van Meurs, F.B. von Ronnen, Saurabh Zalpuri, Yolanda B. de Rijke, C. Ellen van der Schoot, Masja de Haas, Johanna G. van der Bom, Karin Fijnvandraat
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2016)

Red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization is a major complication of transfusion therapy in sickle cell disease (SCD). Identification of high-risk patients is hampered by lack of studies that take the cumulative transfusion exposure into account. In this retrospective cohort study among previously non-transfused SCD patients in the Netherlands, we aimed to elucidate the association between the cumulative transfusion exposure, first alloimmunization and independent risk factors. A total of 245 patients received 11 952 RBC units. Alloimmunization occurred in 43 patients (18%), half of them formed their first alloantibody before the 8th unit. In patients with exposure to non-extended matched transfusions (ABO and RhD) the cumulative alloimmunization risk increased up to 35% after 60 transfused units. This was significantly higher compared to a general transfused population (HR 6.6, CI 4.2-10.6). Receiving the first transfusion after the age of 5 was an independent risk factor for alloimmunization (HR 2.3, CI 1.0-5.1). Incidental, episodic transfusions in comparison to chronic scheme transfusions (HR 2.3, CI 0.9-6.0), and exposure to non-extended matched units in comparison to extended matching (HR 2.0, CI 0.9-4.6) seemed to confer a higher alloimmunization risk. The majority of first alloantibodies are formed after minor transfusion exposure, substantiating suggestions of a responder phenotype in SCD and stressing the need for risk factor identification. In this study, older age at first transfusion, episodic transfusions and non-extended matched transfusions appeared to be risk factors for alloimmunization. Am. J. Hematol. 91:763-769, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.