tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Disulfiram Treatment of Alcoholism
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

coholism in the late 1940s (46), although organic sulfur compounds of this kind had been known since the early 1800s (48, 99). They were introduced into medicine as scabicicles in the late 1930s (37), their first internal use being for the treatment of intestinal worms. The drug was noted to cause an adverse reaction when alcohol was ingested (34), and shortly thereafter disulfiram was given its initial trial in the treatment of alcoholism (46). Investigation of the alcohol-disulfiram reaction in animals indicated that this combination produced an increase in circulating acetaldehyde (35), the level of which was dependent on the dose of disulfiram and the amount of alcohol ingested. This increase in acetaldehyde was shown to be due to a delay in its metabolism (36), a result of disulfiram inhibition both peripherally (32, 54) and centrally (22) of aidehyde dehydrogenase. When Jacobsen (46) reported the use of disulfiram in the treatment of alcoholism in 1948, it was reported to be extremely safe, and subsequent early reports (e.g., 47) were enthusiastic.
Vitamin A Supplementation for Extremely-Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Authors: Jon E. Tyson, Linda L. Wright, William Oh, Kathleen A. Kennedy, Lisa Mele, Richard A. Ehrenkranz, Barbara J. Stoll, James A. Lemons, David K. Stevenson, Charles R. Bauer, Sheldon B. Korones, Edward F. Donovan, Waldemar A. Carlo, Seetha Shankaran, Ann R. Stark, Lu-Ann Papile, Alan Jobe, Maria Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, Joel Verter, Avroy A. Fanaroff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Vitamin A supplementation may reduce the risk of chronic lung disease and sepsis in extremely-low-birth-weight infants. The results of our pilot study suggested that a dose of 5000 IU administered intramuscularly three times per week for four weeks was more effective than the lower doses given in past trials.
High Association of an HL-A Antigen, W27, with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Lee Schlosstein, Paul I. Terasaki, Rodney Bluestone, Carl M. Pearson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Abstract The frequencies of 24 HL-A antigens were examined in 40 patients with ankylosing spondylitis, 119 with rheumatoid arthritis, and 66 with gout. No significant deviation from control frequen...
Adult psychiatric disorders in parents of hyperactive children
Authors: J Morrison
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

The family histories of 140 children and adolescents with hyperactive child syndrome were compared with the family histories of 91 psychiatrically ill, age- and sex-matched patients who had a primary diagnosis other than hyperactive child syndrome. Parents of hyperactive children were more likely to have antisocial personality and Briquet's syndrome (hysteria) than were parents of nonhyperactive children; 11% of the hyperactive children had a parent with such a diagnosis. Parents of nonhyperactive children were more likely to have endogenous psychosis. The diagnosis of alcoholism did not significantly differentiate parents of the two groups of probands. These data support earlier studies and suggest a specific association between hyperactive child syndrome and the personality disorders of antisocial personality and hysteria.
Nibbling versus Gorging: Metabolic Advantages of Increased Meal Frequency
Authors: David J.A. Jenkins, Thomas M.S. Wolever, Vladimir Vuksan, Furio Brighenti, Stephen C. Cunnane, A. Venketeshwer Rao, Alexandra L. Jenkins, Gloria Buckley, Robert Patten, William Singer, Paul Corey, Robert G. Josse
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

We studied the effect of increasing the frequency of meals on serum lipid concentrations and carbohydrate tolerance in normal subjects. Seven men were assigned in random order to two metabolically identical diets. One diet consisted of 17 snacks per day (the nibbling diet), and the other of three meals per day (the three-meal diet); each diet was followed for two weeks. As compared with the three-meal diet, the nibbling diet reduced fasting serum concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B by a mean (±SE) of 8.5±2.5 percent (P<0.02), 13.5±3.4 percent (P<0.01), and 15.1±5.7 percent (P<0.05), respectively. Although the mean blood glucose level and serum concentrations of free fatty acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and triglyceride were similar during both diets, during the nibbling diet the mean serum insulin level decreased by 27.9±6.3 percent (P<0.01) and the mean 24-hour urinary C-peptide output decreased by 20.2 ±5.6 percent (P<0.02). In addition, the mean 24-hour urinary cortisol excretion was lower by 17.3±5.9 percent (P<0.05) at the end of the nibbling diet than at the end of the three-meal diet. The blood glucose, serum insulin, and C-peptide responses to a standardized breakfast and the results of an intravenous glucose-tolerance test conducted at the end of each diet were similar. We conclude that in addition to the amount and type of food eaten, the frequency of meals may be an important determinant of fasting serum lipid levels, possibly in relation to changes in insulin secretion. (N Engl J Med 1989; 321:929–34.)
The Treatment of Hypertensive Cerebrovascular Disease by Splanchnicectomy
Authors: Max M. Peet, Emil M. Isberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE occurrence of a cerebrovascular accident is an ominous incident in the life history of the patient with arterial hypertension. It is the cause of death in almost a third of all hypertensive persons. As for those who survive such an accident, clinical experience has led to the belief that recurrences are likely and that mortality increases with each subsequent stroke.Many hypertensive patients who had already sustained definite cerebral accidents have presented themselves at the University of Michigan Hospital, seeking some preventive to ward off a recurrence. Many of these patients with hypertensive cerebrovascular disease have been treated with . . .
LBA1_PR: Osimertinib as first-line treatment for EGFR mutation-positive advanced NSCLC: updated efficacy and safety results from two Phase I expansion cohorts
Authors: S. Ramalingam, J.C.-H. Yang, C.K. Lee, T. Kurata, D.-W. Kim, T. John, N. Nogami, Y. Ohe, P.A. Jänne
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)
The Presence of Second Primary Esophageal Tumor (Spet) is Still an Independent Negative Prognostic Factor for Head and Neck Cancer (Hnc) Patients: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Y. Hamada, T. Mizuno, K. Tanaka, S. Tamaru, H. Oda, M. Ishihara, Y. Sugawara, K. Saito, Y. Yamashita, M. Katsurahara, N. Horiki, N. Katayama
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Platelet Function in Essential Thrombocythemia
Authors: Paul Kaywin, Margaret McDonough, Paul A. Insel, Sanford J. Shattil
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Platelets from two patients with essential thrombocythemia failed to aggregate or release serotonin in response to concentrations of epinephrine that aggregated platelets from normal controls. Therefore, we studied their α-adrenergic receptors, using 3H-dihydroergocryptine (3H-DHE), an α-adrenergic antagonist. These platelets contained an average (mean ± S.E.) of 210±18 and 227±27 3H-DHE binding sites per platelet — less than half that found on control platelets, 464±37 (P<0.01). In contrast, platelets from two other patients with essential thrombocythemia responded to epinephrine and contained a normal number of 3H-DHE sites. Platelets in essential thrombocythemia demonstrated normal kinetics of 3H-DHE binding and normal affinities for 3H-DHE and for epinephrine. When control platelets were preincubated with a half-saturating concentration of 3H-DHE, there was a diminution of epinephrine-induced platelet function comparable to that seen in essential thrombocythemia. Thus, a deficiency of α-adrenergic receptors may account for diminished functional responsiveness of platelets to epinephrine in some patients with essential thrombocythemia. (N Engl J Med 299:505–509, 1978)
Soundings: The king and I
Authors: James Owen Drife
Journal: BMJ (2003)

For many of my colleagues, junior or senior, a winter break means a spot of skiing. You can tell when a trip is in the offing. They look thoughtful and you catch them doing quadriceps exercises. Afterwards you notice their facial tans and sense of relief at surviving intact. Or occasionally you hear them praising the efficiency of Alpine casualty departments.

Why don't I join in? I pretend it is inherent mistrust of quick-release bindings, or unwillingness to dress like a fluorescent Teletubby, but the real reason is that skiers are readily classifiable. There are “black run bombers,” there are the merely competent, and then there are those who spend most of their time upside down in a snowdrift. I know which I am.

Nevertheless the urge to migrate in winter is infectious and is no longer restricted to the rich. Most patients over a certain age seem to head for the sun when the New Year holiday is over. My wife and I, stern Scots who believe that getting warm in January would be cheating, stick to European cities.

Madrid, due south but 635 metres above sea level, was sufficiently bracing last month to keep our consciences clear but not cold enough to stop Andean buskers playing drums and pan pipes. The city's cultural diversity included the national ballet providing its own accompaniment with handclaps and voices, and Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets dubbed into Spanish.

Luxury is visiting an art gallery knowing you can return tomorrow. Some paintings take your breath away when you see them for real, however familiar the image. Picasso's Guernica is no longer behind glass but still has two guards. It produces a visceral revulsion against war in general and air raids in particular. Some might want to throw acid. I wanted to send a postcard of it to Downing Street.

Outside the Palacio Real, we came across a crowd. Over in the courtyard were guards on horseback, men in suits, watchful police, and dozens of white-gloved motorcyclists. We waited. Headlights appeared and then an accelerating line of Mercedes. Fleetingly, there was the king of Spain, and the queen's hand waving out of a just-open car window. Strange, isn't it, that an unplanned glimpse should prove as memorable as a roomful of Goyas.
Hypertension and Renovascular Disease
Authors: George P. Baker, Lot B. Page, Guy W. Leadbetter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

AT present there seems to be little question that obstructive lesions of the renal artery or its branches can give rise to a remediable form of hypertension. The recent reawakening of interest in renal and renovascular surgery as a form of treatment for certain hypertensive patients has been marked by an enthusiastic optimism reminiscent of that which has often temporarily accompanied other modes of treatment for hypertension in the past. Much attention has been devoted to methods for detecting the presence of obstructive vascular lesions and to surgical technics.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Favorable surgical results have been reported in approximately 80 per cent . . .
Case 23-1990
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Ronald J. Anderson, James F. Southern
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Presentation of CaseAn 84-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of chronic aortic dissection, weakness, and lethargy.He was in a stable state of health until two months earlier, when substernal pain developed while he was walking, with radiation to the jaw and left shoulder, accompanied by sweating and dyspnea for several hours. He was admitted to another hospital, where an electrocardiogram was reported to show new small Q waves in the precordial leads that were considered insignificant; serial enzyme tests yielded no evidence of myocardial necrosis. A cardiac ultrasonographic examination revealed normal function of both ventricles, with . . .
Differences in the Quality of Semen in Outdoor Workers during Summer and Winter
Authors: Richard J. Levine, Ravi M. Mathew, C. Brandon Chenault, Michelle H. Brown, Mark E. Hurtt, Karin S. Bentley, Kathleen L. Mohr, Peter K. Working
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

In warm climates throughout the world, there is a deficit of births during the spring season. To determine whether this deficit might reflect a deleterious effect of heat on the male reproductive capacity during the previous summer, we obtained semen specimens in summer and winter from normal men who worked outdoors in the vicinity of San Antonio, Texas, and we performed automated semen analyses with an image-analysis system.Pairwise comparisons among 131 men without azoospermia who contributed specimens in both summer and winter revealed significant reductions during the summer in sperm concentration, total sperm count per ejaculate, and concentration of motile sperm. The mean decreases in these values after adjustment for potential confounding characteristics were 32 percent (95 percent confidence limits, 28 and 44 percent), 24 percent (95 percent confidence limits, 18 and 43 percent), and 28 percent (95 percent confidence limits, 24 and 44 percent), respectively (P less than 0.0001). The lower a subject's average sperm concentration and motile-sperm concentration, the greater the reduction. We found no correlation, however, between the number of hours per day spent working during summer in settings without air conditioning and either the summer sperm concentration or the difference in concentration between summer and winter. Among the children of the men in the study whose wives were living near San Antonio during the year before they gave birth, a disproportionately low number were born during the spring.Semen quality deteriorates during the summer. This phenomenon may account at least in part for the reduction in the birth rate during the spring in regions with warm climates.
Accidental Pneumothorax from a Nasogastric Tube
Authors: Bruce Thomas, David Cummin, Robert E. Falcone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

To the Editor: We report an instance of the intrapleural administration of charcoal due to penetration of the pleura by a transbronchial nasogastric tube. A 37-year-old woman jailed for public intoxication was transferred to our center. Before her transport, a nasogastric tube was inserted through which 180 ml of activated charcoal slurry was lavaged to treat a suspected ingestion of drug. On her arrival, the patient was awake but lethargic, with a Glasgow coma score of 15. Her voice was minimally hoarse, and her vital signs normal. Portable chest radiography revealed a pneumothorax and nasogastric intubation of the right mainstem . . .
Prophylactic Indomethacin Therapy for Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Authors: Lynn Mahony, Violetta Carnero, Claire Brett, Michael A. Heymann, Ronald I. Clyman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

We performed a double-blind, controlled study of prophylactic indomethacin therapy in 47 premature infants (less than 1700 g) who had subclinical patent ductus arteriosus. They received either indomethacin or placebo at a mean age of 2.9 days. Among the 25 infants weighing more than 1000 g, a hemodynamically important ductus shunt developed in only four of the 14 given placebo. The incidence of important shunts, the number of surgical ligations, and the duration of oxygen therapy were not appreciably different between the study groups. In contrast, among the 22 infants who weighed 1000 g or less, a major ductus shunt developed in 10 of the 12 given placebo. In the smaller infants indomethacin therapy was associated with a significantly lower incidence of major shunts, fewer surgical ligations, a decreased duration of oxygen therapy, and fewer days necessary to regain birth weight. We conclude that prophylactic indomethacin therapy in infants weighing under 1000 g prevents the later development of large ductus shunts and decreases morbidity.
Ocular Abnormalities in Patients Treated with Synthetic Antimalarial Drugs
Authors: Paul Henkind, Naomi F. Rothfield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

VARIOUS natural and synthetic antimalarial drugs have been implicated as a cause of ocular disease.1 Ocular symptoms, with or without visible ocular signs, frequently occur in patients taking these agents. Difficulty doing near work, seeing halos around lights, difficulty adjusting to bright lights or glare, diplopia and poor night vision have all been reported.1 2 3 4 Keratopathy and retinopathy have both been noted in recent years. Keratopathy has been reported in patients on high-dosage, long-term synthetic antimalarial therapy.3 4 5 6 More than 40 cases of retinopathy, which were usually associated with loss of field and decreased visual acuity, are now documented.3 , 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Reversible paralysis of . . .
Oncornavirus Particles in Lymphoid Cultures From a Howler Monkey With Herpesvirus saimiri -Induced Disease 2
Authors: S. R. S. Rangan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Budding and extracellular oncornavirus particles were observed in cells of lymphoid cuhures derived from the spleen, lymph node, and blood of a howler monkey (Alouatta caraya) that developed a malignant lymphoproliferative disease after infection with Herpesvirus saimiri. The various possible sources of origin of these particles are discussed.
Cell Kinetic Analysis of a Human Melanoma &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt; and &lt;italic&gt;In Vivo-Vitro&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Ronald F. Hagemann, Lewis M. Schiffer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

The cell kinetic parameters of the same human melanoma maintained in tissue culture and analyzed in vitro and in vivo-vitro were determined. The in vitro data were obtained by the percent labeled mitosis method (after a short exposure to tritiated thymidine), by the doublelabeling technique, and by the continuous-labeling technique. The in vivo-vitro procedure utilized the double-labeling technique (tritium-and carbon-14-labeled thymidine). The values For cells growing in vitro (with the corresponding in vivo-vitro values given in parentheses) were as follows: labeling index = 0.25 (0.23); DNA synthesis time (Ts) = 14.5 hours (15.9); G2+0.7 M = 5.3 hours; G1 = 16.3 hours; cell-cycle time = 36.1 hours(40); and growth fraction = 0.62 (0.58). Ts was determined in 2 other ways: 1) Cells growing in culture were deuble-labeled (Ts = 15.6 hours); and 2) cells From a bone marrow aspirate were double-labeled in vitro (Ts = 15.7 hours).
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Very Early Prophylactic Ligation of the Ductus Arteriosus in Babies Who Weighed 1000 g or Less at Birth
Authors: George Cassady, Dennis T. Crouse, John W. Kirklin, Martha J. Strange, Clinton H. Joiner, Guillermo Godoy, Gregory T. Odrezin, Gary R. Cutter, James K. Kirklin, Albert D. Pacifico, Monica V. Collins, William A. Lell, Celia Satterwhite, Joseph B. Philips
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

We speculated that prophylactic ligation of the ductus arteriosus would reduce mortality and morbidity in very-low-birth-weight infants. To test this hypothesis, we randomly assigned 84 babies who weighed 1000 g or less at birth and required supplemental oxygen either to receive standard treatment (n = 44) or to undergo prophylactic surgical ligation of the ductus arteriosus on the day of birth (n = 40). The ductus was ligated in babies in the control group only if the shunt was hemodynamically important. All the babies were followed for one year. The incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis was reduced in the group that underwent prophylactic ligation (3 of 40 [8 percent]) as compared with the control group (13 of 44 [30 percent]; P = 0.002). The frequency of death, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, and intraventricular hemorrhage was similar in both groups. Because early enteral feeding may have increased the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, we analyzed separately the babies who were fed early. Among the infants who were fed within 14 days of birth, those who underwent prophylactic ligation had a lower incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (1 of 11 [9 percent]) than those who did not (13 of 24 [54 percent]; P = 0.001). Within the control group, the infants who were fed within 14 days of birth and whose ductus was ligated for medical reasons within 5 days of birth had a lower incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (2 of 10 [20 percent]) than those whose ductus was ligated later or not at all (11 of 14 [79 percent]; P = 0.004). We conclude that early surgical closure of the ductus arteriosus reduces the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in infants of very low birth weight who require supplemental oxygen. (N Engl J Med 1989; 320:1511–6.)
Reply to: ‘Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia Severity Index (FFASI): a validated scoring system for assessing frontal fibrosing alopecia’
Authors: D. Saceda-Corralo, O.M. Moreno-Arrones, P. Fonda-Pascual, A. Alegre-Sánchez, S. Vañó-Galván
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)
Harbikramjit Singh Chandok
Authors: Raj S Chandok
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Harbikramjit Singh Chandok (“Bikram”) was the lead partner at the Guru Nanak Medical Centre, Southall, and the Botwell Medical Centre, Hayes—a large suburban practice with 11 500 patients over two sites in north west London.

During his leadership of the practice he implemented robust systems to ensure the delivery of high …
Australian paediatric perspective on DNACPR
Authors: Clever Banda
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Sokol emphasises the importance of involving families in DNACPR (“Do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation”) situations.1 After some coronial inquests, the state health body in Queensland, Australia, came up with Acute Resuscitation Plans (ARPs)2 to replace Not for Resuscitation (NFR) orders. One important difference is that ARPs …
PWE-076 Ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte count as a predictor of length of stay in acute cholecystitis
Authors: K Patel, A Wagstaff, S Mirza
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been proposed as a marker of systemic inflammation and stress. Recently it has been suggested that a raised NLR may be associated with severe cholecystitis and prolonged length of stay following cholecystectomy.<sup>1</sup>We aimed to evaluate the use of NLR as a surrogate marker of severity of cholecystitis in predicting length of stay (LOS) for acute admissions. <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective analysis of patients admitted with acute cholecystitis between January and October 2013. Acute cholecystitis was defined using the 2007 Tokyo classification. The NLR was calculated at admission as the absolute neutrophil count divided by the absolute lymphocyte count. <h3>Results</h3> 51 patients with a mean age 58.9 years (14.1- 100.8 years) of which 31% (n = 16) were male. Ten patients (20%) had a cholecystectomy during admission. Length of stay ranged from 1 to 29 days (median 4 days). A NLR &gt;11 (n = 17, 33%) was associated with a longer LOS (median 9 days, 4–29 days) compared with an NLR &lt;11 (median 4 days, 1–9 days). LOS was similar for males (median 4 days) compared with females (median 5 days). Those aged over 60 (n = 23, 45%) had a higher length of stay (median 7 days) compared with those under 60 (median 3 days). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Preliminary results indicate that NLR seems to be predictive of length of stay in patients admitted with acute cholecystitis. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Lee SK, Lee SC, Park JW, Kim SJ. The utility of the preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in predicting severe cholecystitis: a retrospective cohort study. <i>BMC Surg</i>. 2014 Nov 27;14:100