tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer and Other Causes of Death Among Female Textile Workers, 1976–78&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: E Delzell, S Grufferman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Information on usual industry and occupation on North Carolina death certificates indicated that 4,462 white women who died during 1976-78 were former textile industry employees. The relative frequency of cancer and other diseases among decreased textile workers was compared with the cause of death distribution among other white female decedents. Elevated proportional mortality ratios (PMR) were found for the following malignant neoplasms: larynx, PMR=2.8; connective tissue, PMR=2.6; uterine cervix, PMR=2.1; other and unspecified genital organs, PMR=2.7; thyroid, PMR=2.2; and non-Hodgkins lymphoma, PMR=1.7. The increased PMR for cervical cancer and for cancer of other and unspecified genital organs may be related to socioeconomic correlates of employment in the textile industry. More research is needed to determine whether work in the textile industry is associated with the other malignant neoplasms for which an elevated PMR was found in this study.
Exploratory Culdotomy — Alternative to Laparotomy
Authors: Joseph Bernard Doyle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

ALL PHYSICIANS agree that the early detection of cancer is the most important aspect of its successful treatment. Conscientious gynecologists, despite their experience with many thousands of pelvic examinations, frequently must acknowledge the inadequacy of bimanual pelvic examination in the determination of pelvic disease. In the middle-aged woman with obesity, the abdominal wall constitutes a barrier to the abdominal examining hand that sometimes has the consistence of a small mattress, whereas scarring of the vaginal vault by previous deliveries and atrophy and thickening of the fibromuscular coat of the vagina make identification of intrapelvic organs extremely difficult. The size, shape . . .
Host Defenses against Viral Disease
Authors: Thomas C. Merigan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

RESISTANCE to and recovery from viral disease depend on a complex interaction of viral and host mechanisms in which the species, age and prior immune status of the host are as critical as the strain, inoculum size and portal of entry of the virus.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 The anti-viral defenses mounted by the host may act either directly on viruses or indirectly through an effect on the infected cell and hence on viral replication (Table 1). They can act at the target organ to promote recovery, at the portal of entry to abet resistance to reinfection, or between these sites to prevent spread . . .
Gingival Hyperplasia Induced by Phenytoin
Authors: S Sharma, S K Dasroy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Figure 1. A 17-year-old boy had generalized tonic–clonic seizures for four years. When the seizures began, a computed tomographic scan of his brain and an electroencephalogram were normal. Treatment with 300 mg of phenytoin per day was subsequently begun and continued unsupervised for a period of two years. Examination revealed coarsening of facial features and severe gingival hyperplasia (Panel A), brisk deep-tendon reflexes, and cerebellar ataxia. Withdrawal of phenytoin was followed by marked regression of the gingival hyperplasia within three months (Panel B); however, ataxia persisted.
No Solid Evidence, Only Hollow Argument for Universal Tumor Sequencing
Authors: Howard (Jack) West
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
A phase I study of BAY 43–9006 and gefitinib in patients with refractory or recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: A. A. Adjei, S. Mandrekar, R. S. Marks, L. J. Hanson, D. Aranguren, J. R. Jett, R. Simantov, B. Schwartz, G. A. Croghan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

3067 Background: Preclinical data in the A549 NSCLC xenograft model show that BAY 43–9006 (BAY) a dual-action Raf kinase and VEGFR inhibitor does not antagonize the effect of gefitinib. This phase I, single-center study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of this combination in patients (pts) with refractory or recurrent NSCLC. Methods: The dosing schedule was in two parts; part A, presented here, was to determine the optimal dose of BAY for use in part B, in which pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters will be measured in 20 pts. Tumor response was assessed by RECIST. Results: 12 pts were treated (M:F = 6:6; median age 63 [range 46–78] years; ECOG status 0:1:2 = 5:6:1; number of prior systemic anti-cancer regimens 0:1:2:missing = 3:4:2:3). The first 6 pts received gefitinib 250 mg po qd with BAY 200 mg po bid, and the second 6 patients received gefitinib 250 mg po qd with BAY 400 mg po bid. The most common drug-related AEs were fatigue (75% of pts), diarrhea (75%) alanine aminotransferase (ALT; 58%), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; 42%), rash/desquamation (42%) and anorexia (42%), and were predominantly grade 1–2. Drug-related serious AEs were seen in 3 pts (diarrhea and ALT at BAY 200 mg bid, and dyspnea at BAY 400 mg bid). 1 (8%) partial response was achieved by a pt receiving BAY 200 mg bid and 8 (67%) pts had stable disease (SD) as best response (3 at BAY 200 mg bid, and 5 at 400 mg bid). Three patients died from disease progression and 4 are still on treatment. Conclusions: This study is the first to combine the novel targeted agent BAY with gefitinib. This combination was well-tolerated and led to tumor regression or SD in 9 of 12 pts. BAY 400 mg po bid combined with gefitinib 250 mg po qd is recommended for Part B of this study, which has accrued 7 patients. Results from part B will also be presented. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Bayer Bayer
Guidelines for Methacholine and Exercise Challenge Testing—1999
Authors: R O Crapo, R Casaburi, A L Coates, P L Enright, J L Hankinson, C G Irvin, N R MacIntyre, R T McKay, J S Wanger, S D Anderson, D W Cockcroft, J E Fish, P J Sterk
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)
Immunotherapy of Pollinosis in Children
Authors: Naum Sadan, Marie Britt Rhyne, E. David Mellits, Eugene O. Goldstein, David A. Levy, Lawrence M. Lichtenstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

To evaluate the immunotherapy of ragweed hay fever in a controlled study, 18 of 35 children were given a preseasonal course of whole ragweed extract and showed a significant decrease in clinical symptomatology (p less than 0.001); 13 of these had fewer symptoms than any of the 17 control patients. Immunologic criteria were studied with in vitro histamine-release methods. Reaginic-antibody (IgE) levels did not change significantly in either group; blocking-antibody (IgG) levels increased more than 20-fold in the treated group. The leukocytes of the control patients became, on the average, more sensitive to ragweed antigen whereas those of the treated patients tended to become less sensitive. The cells of a third of the treated children became unable to respond maximally at any antigen concentration. The three children whose cells showed the greatest decrease in reactivity to ragweed antigen had essentially no symptoms attributable to ragweed hay fever.
The Mortician's Mystery
Authors: J S Finkelstein, W F McCully, D T MacLaughlin, J E Godine, W F Crowley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

ALTHOUGH many causes of gynecomastia have been described, all cases of this disorder appear to share the essential pathophysiologic feature of a relative increase in estrogenic activity, whether endogenous or exogenous, a decrease in androgenic activity, or both.1 , 2 Like gynecomastia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in men has been reported to have many sources, most of which are mass lesions or infiltrative disorders of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus, idiopathic panhypopituitarism, or isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency.3 4 5 Although hypogonadotropic hypogonadism frequently is reversible in women,4 , 6 it rarely is in men except in patients who have prolactin-secreting or estrogen-secreting tumors or hemochromatosis, or who have . . .
Preliminary evidence of clinical activity in a phase I study of CAL-101, a selective inhibitor of the p1108 isoform of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (P13K), in patients with select hematologic malignancies
Authors: I. W. Flinn, J. C. Byrd, R. R. Furman, J. R. Brown, T. S. Lin, C. Bello, N. A. Giese, A. S. Yu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

3543 Background: The class I PI3Ks regulate a variety of cellular functions relevant to oncogenesis, including metabolism, proliferation and survival. The PI3K p110δ isoform is highly expressed in cells of hematopoietic origin and plays a key role in B cell maturation and function. CAL-101 is a potent inhibitor of PI3K p110δ (IC 50 =65 nM) with 40 to 300-fold selectivity compared to other PI3K isoforms. In vitro studies of 0.1 to 10 μM CAL-101 showed inhibition of pAKT expression and/or apoptotic effects against primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and against a range of leukemia and lymphoma cell lines. Methods: In an ongoing phase 1 dose escalation study in sequential cohorts of 3 patients with relapsed/refractory CLL or select B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, CAL-101 is administered orally twice daily for 28 days per cycle. Clinical response is evaluated according to NCI criteria at the end of Cycles 1 and 2 and every 2 cycles thereafter. Results: To date, 6 patients have been treated in the first 2 cohorts at dose levels of 50 mg and 100 mg and the 200 mg cohort is currently enrolling. No treatment-related adverse events greater than grade 1 have been seen, with 2 patients treated for &gt;5 cycles. Mean trough drug levels in the 50 and 100 mg cohorts were 0.3 and 1 μM, respectively, which are in the range required to inhibit PI3K p110δ in vitro. Two of 6 patients attained partial response and 4 have stable disease. Partial responses were observed after 2 cycles of 50 mg in a patient with mantle cell lymphoma with 6 prior therapies, and after 1 cycle of 100 mg in a patient with follicular lymphoma with 6 prior therapies, including autologous stem cell transplant. Disease specific cohort expansion will occur at the maximally tolerated dose, and patients with AML will be added. Updated data will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: Early results from a phase 1 study of the oral PI3K p110δ inhibitor CAL-101 show that it is well tolerated and has preliminary clinical activity in patients with B-cell malignancies. [Table: see text]
Aspirin Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism after Total Hip Replacement
Authors: William H. Harris, Edwin W. Salzman, Christos A. Athanasoulis, Arthur C. Waltman, Roman W. DeSanctis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

We assessed aspirin prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism in a prospective, controlled, double-blind study of patients over 40 years of age, who had undergone total hip replacement. Radiographic phlebography was the diagnostic end point. Thromboembolism developed in 11 of 44 patients receiving aspirin, as compared to 23 of 51 receiving the placebo (P less than 0.03). Unexpectedly, this protection was limited to men. In four of 23 men on aspirin thrombi developed, as compared to 14 of 25 receiving placebo (P less than 0.01). Corresponding figures for women were seven of 21 versus nine of 26. Review of a similar group of patients receiving aspirin revealed significantly greater protection (P less than 0.03) in men (three of 15) than in women (15 of 27). These data establish statistically significant prophylaxis in men over the age of 40 by 600 mg of aspirin given twice daily. The absence of a protective effect in women remains unexplained.
179P Prognostic prediction models for patients with stage IV colorectal cancer after concurrent curative resection
Authors: N. Miyoshi, M. Ohue, M. Yasui, K. Sugumira, A. Tomokuni, H. Akita, K. Demura, S. Kobayashi, H. Takahashi, T. Omori, Y. Fujiwara, M. Yano
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Spontaneous Duodenal Hematoma during Oral Anticoagulation
Authors: Pierre Hösli, Marc Schapira
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

A 62-year-old man presented with abdominal pain and nausea.On examination, his abdomen was distended and diffusely tender.He had been receiving oral anticoagulants for more than two years after an extensive inferoposterolateral myocardial infarction complicated by persistent cardiac dysfunction.On admission, the international normalized ratio was more than 8.A computed tomographic scan of the abdomen showed thickening of the duodenal wall (arrow), corresponding to the presence of an intramural hematoma.The hematoma extended to the right in the retroperitoneal space surrounding the ascending colon.Anticoagulant therapy was discontinued, and its actions were reversed by the transfusion of 4000 U of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors (factor IX complex, Swiss Red Cross).The patient's condition improved rapidly.
Stent migration into the peritoneal cavity following endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy
Authors: Nozomi Okuno, Kazuo Hara, Nobumasa Mizuno, Susumu Hijioka, Hiroshi Imaoka, Kenji Yamao
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

It is not always possible to perform endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) has been performed as an alternative to percutaneous or surgical approaches [1] [2]. The 2008 EUS Working Group summarized the indications, techniques, and complications of EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) [3]. The rate of complications reported for EUS-BD performed by experts was 0 % – 30 %. Major complications included stent migration, bile leakage, peritonitis, and cholangitis [3] [4].
The Ingelfinger Rule
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

The Journal and its editor have lately come under considerable fire from some representatives of the media1 2 3 and from a few medical editors as well.4 5 6 7 8 9 These critics object to our Ingelfinger Rule, a policy intended to discourage dissemination of research reports in the medical newspapers and popular media before they are published in the Journal. Some of these criticisms stem from a misunderstanding of our policy and how we implement it. Others reflect disagreement on matters of principle that may not have been adequately explored. Further explanation seems to be needed to set the record straight, even at the . . .
Evidence-Based Policy Making: Assessment of the American Heart Association’s Strategic Policy Portfolio
Authors: Darwin R. Labarthe, Larry B. Goldstein, Elliott M. Antman, Donna K. Arnett, Gregg C. Fonarow, Mark J. Alberts, Laura L. Hayman, Amit Khera, James F. Sallis, Stephen R. Daniels, Ralph L. Sacco, Suhui Li, Leighton Ku, Paula M. Lantz, Jennifer G. Robinson, Mark A. Creager, Linda Van Horn, Penny Kris-Etherton, Aruni Bhatnagar, Laurie P. Whitsel
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background— American Heart Association (AHA) public policy advocacy strategies are based on its Strategic Impact Goals. The writing group appraised the evidence behind AHA’s policies to determine how well they address the association’s 2020 cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics and cardiovascular disease (CVD) management indicators and identified research needed to fill gaps in policy and support further policy development. Methods and Results— The AHA policy research department first identified current AHA policies specific to each CVH metric and CVD management indicator and the evidence underlying each policy. Writing group members then reviewed each policy and the related metrics and indicators. The results of each review were summarized, and topic-specific priorities and overarching themes for future policy research were proposed. There was generally close alignment between current AHA policies and the 2020 CVH metrics and CVD management indicators; however, certain specific policies still lack a robust evidence base. For CVH metrics, the distinction between policies for adults (age ≥20 years) and children (&lt;20 years) was often not considered, although policy approaches may differ importantly by age. Inclusion of all those &lt;20 years of age as a single group also ignores important differences in policy needs for infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. For CVD management indicators, specific quantitative targets analogous to criteria for ideal, intermediate, and poor CVH are lacking but needed to assess progress toward the 2020 goal to reduce deaths from CVDs and stroke. New research in support of current policies needs to focus on the evaluation of their translation and implementation through expanded application of implementation science. Focused basic, clinical, and population research is required to expand and strengthen the evidence base for the development of new policies. Evaluation of the impact of targeted improvements in population health through strengthened surveillance of CVD and stroke events, determination of the cost-effectiveness of policy interventions, and measurement of the extent to which vulnerable populations are reached must be assessed for all policies. Additional attention should be paid to the social determinants of health outcomes. Conclusions— AHA’s public policies are generally robust and well aligned with its 2020 CVH metrics and CVD indicators. Areas for further policy development to fill gaps, overarching research strategies, and topic-specific priority areas are proposed.
Treatment scale-up to achieve global HCV incidence and mortality elimination targets: a cost-effectiveness model
Authors: Nick Scott, Emma S McBryde, Alexander Thompson, Joseph S Doyle, Margaret E Hellard
Journal: Gut (2016)

<h3>Aims</h3> The WHO9s draft HCV elimination targets propose an 80% reduction in incidence and a 65% reduction in HCV-related deaths by 2030. We estimate the treatment scale-up required and cost-effectiveness of reaching these targets among injecting drug use (IDU)-acquired infections using Australian disease estimates. <h3>Methods</h3> A mathematical model of HCV transmission, liver disease progression and treatment among current and former people who inject drugs (PWID). Treatment scale-up and the most efficient allocation to priority groups (PWID or patients with advanced liver disease) were determined; total healthcare and treatment costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) compared with inaction were calculated. <h3>Results</h3> 5662 (95% CI 5202 to 6901) courses per year (30/1000 IDU-acquired infections) were required, prioritised to patients with advanced liver disease, to reach the mortality target. 4725 (3278–8420) courses per year (59/1000 PWID) were required, prioritised to PWID, to reach the incidence target; this also achieved the mortality target, but to avoid clinically unacceptable HCV-related deaths an additional 5564 (1959–6917) treatments per year (30/1000 IDU-acquired infections) were required for 5 years for patients with advanced liver disease. Achieving both targets in this way cost $A4.6 ($A4.2–$A4.9) billion more than inaction, but gained 184 000 (119 000–417 000) QALYs, giving an ICER of $A25 121 ($A11 062–$A39 036) per QALY gained. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Achieving WHO elimination targets with treatment scale-up is likely to be cost-effective, based on Australian HCV burden and demographics. Reducing incidence should be a priority to achieve both WHO elimination goals in the long-term.
Propranolol Combined with Isosorbide Dinitrate versus Placebo in Angina Pectoris
Authors: WILBERT S. Aronow, Marvin A. Kaplan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Sublingual isosorbide dinitrate, 5 mg, combined with oral propranolol, 40 mg, was given four times daily for six weeks to 23 patients with angina pectoris. The effects were compared with those of appropriate placebos. Three patients (13 per cent) were unable to tolerate the drugs, seven (30 per cent) had fewer anginal attacks on the drugs, 10 (44 per cent) had fewer anginal episodes on the placebos, and three (13 per cent) had a similar number of anginal attacks on both drugs and on placebos. Five of 20 patients (25 per cent) had improved exercise performance on the drugs, and 15 (75 per cent) on the placebos. There was a significantly improved exercise performance in two patients (10 per cent) on the drugs and in eight (40 per cent) on the placebos. Propranolol and isosorbide dinitrate may harm as well as benefit patients with angina pectoris.
Subdural Hematoma of Nontraumatic Origin
Authors: J. R. Teabeaut
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

SUBDURAL HEMATOMA OF NONTRAUMATIC ORIGINThe medicolegal investigation of sudden, unexpected or violent deaths due to intracranial hemorrhage results in such lesions' being classified as due to natural causes or trauma. Subdural hemorrhages are generally considered to be of traumatic origin. The finding of such hemorrhage necessitates efforts to establish the manner in which the trauma was received.Recently we have had the opportunity of studying two cases of subdural hematoma that, because of their pathogenesis, did not follow the usual pattern of requiring further investigation concerning precipitating trauma. Each of these developed as the result of a rupture of . . .
Effect of Venous-Shunt Surgery on Liver Function in Patients with Portal Hypertension
Authors: Daniel S. Ellis, Robert R. Linton, Chester M. Jones
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

ONE of the most encouraging developments in the treatment of liver disease in the past ten years has been the perfection of surgical technics that relieve portal hypertension and reduce the hazard of bleeding from esophageal varices. The most commonly advocated procedure is a venovenous anastomosis shunting blood from the portal into the systemic circulation.1 , 2 We have had over ten years of experience at the Massachusetts General Hospital in attempting to relieve portal hypertension by venous-shunt surgery, and it is important now to assess the results of this therapy and to determine its effect on liver function.The data presented . . .