tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular surveillance of multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis transmission in the European Union from 2003 to 2011
Authors: J L De Beer, C Ködmön, M J van der Werf, J van Ingen, D van Soolingen, Collective the ECDC MDR-TB molecular surveillance project participants
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) initiated a project on the molecular surveillance of multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-/XDR-TB) transmission in the European Union (EU) in the period from 2009 to 2011. In total, 2,092 variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) patterns of MDR-/XDR-TB Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were collected, originating from 24 different countries in the period 2003 to 2011. Of the collected VNTR patterns, 45% (n=941) could be assigned to one of the 79 European multiple-country molecular fingerprint clusters and 50% of those (n=470) belonged to one extremely large cluster caused by Beijing strains of one genotype. We conclude that international transmission of MDR-/XDR-TB plays an important role in the EU, especially in the eastern part, and is significantly related to the spread of one strain or clone of the Beijing genotype. Implementation of international cluster investigation in EU countries should reveal underlying factors of transmission, and show how TB control can be improved regarding case finding, contact tracing, infection control and treatment in order to prevent further spread of MDR-/XDR-TB in the EU.
State of primary care sports and exercise medicine in Brazil
Authors: Felipe Hardt
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

Because physical activity is a powerful strategy to prevent, treat and rehabilitate general health,1 the topic of sports and exercise medicine (SEM) is gaining attention among those who decide the undergraduate curriculum in Brazil.2 In Brazil, SEM is a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary clinical and academic medical specialty, which can also be structured as a subspecialty (also called additional, secondary or super-specialty) linked to other medical specialities.3 SEM is recognised as a specialty not only to care for elite athletes, but also to promote public health and medical care of everyone who exercises. SEM promotes an active lifestyle to improve the general well-being and health of the population.4

In Brazil, the SEM specialty is classified as a clinical non-surgical specialty that allows direct patient access (‘primary contact’). It does not require a previous specialty as prerequisite. SEM is taught in a haphazard manner in Brazilian medical schools—a few provide a dedicated set of lectures, …
National Health Service Consultants' Association
Authors: S. Baxter
Journal: BMJ (1976)

dietary anaemia.She previously had a history of vague epigastric pain after meals.Her condition generally deteriorated and nausea and anorexia became predominant symptoms.Four days after admission to a geriatric unit she vomited 70 plastic matrices of her Ferrogradumet C tablets, with immediate relief of her symptoms.
P44 A Wnt-NUMB-Notch axis is required for lineage separation of hepatic progenitor cells in the regenerating cells in the regenerating adult liver of mouse and human
Authors: L Boulter, T G Bird, O Govaere, J P Iredale, O Sansom, S Lowell, T Roskams, S J Forbes
Journal: Gut (2010)

Introduction  During chronic liver disease the liver can be regenerated from a population of endogenous hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs). These cells are known to be bipotent and can regenerate both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, however the mechanisms by which these lineages are delineated from HPCs is currently unknown. Here we describe how the Notch and Wnt signalling pathways are differentially regulated and interact via NUMB to define cholangiocytes and hepatocytes from HPCs.  Results  We have found that during biliary regeneration in primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis, as well as mouse models of such, the Notch pathway is activated as demonstrated through nuclear Notch-1 in HPCs. This Notch mechanism is mediated through interaction of Jagged-1 supplied by a transient myofibroblast niche in mouse, or autonomous cell signalling in established human disease. In vitro when murine HPCs are co-cultured with myofibroblasts y-secretase inhibition significantly reduced expression of the Notch effectors HeyL (p  Conclusion  During regeneration of the adult liver, Notch signalling is required for biliary specification however is actively sequestered via NUMB during regeneration of hepatocytes. This hepatocyte phenotype is induced through signalling via the Wnt pathway, removal of which results in a biliary phenotype during hepatocyte regeneration. We also describe how this mechanism is conserved from mouse models to human disease, where during biliary diseases such as PSC and PBC the Notch pathway is activated, however is actively restricted during regeneration of in hepatocytes during HCV.
A guide to the use of Procedural Terminology for Psychiatrists
Authors: T W Stach
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

The author emphasizes the potential benefits to patients, physicians, and third-party payers from systematic specification of services rendered by psychiatrists in direct patient care. Procedural Terminology for Psychiatrists provides a reporting system that appropriately reflects variations in skill, complexity, and levels of patient care services. The author suggest that reporting on the basis of specific procedures is an essential aspect in assuring quality care.
The Dynamic Localization of Cytoplasmic Dynein in Neurons Is Driven by Kinesin-1
Authors: Alison E. Twelvetrees, Stefano Pernigo, Anneri Sanger, Pedro Guedes-Dias, Giampietro Schiavo, Roberto A. Steiner, Mark P. Dodding, Erika L.F. Holzbaur
Journal: Neuron (2016)

Cytoplasmic dynein, the major motor driving retrograde axonal transport, must be actively localized to axon terminals. This localization is critical as dynein powers essential retrograde trafficking events required for neuronal survival, such as neurotrophic signaling. Here, we demonstrate that the outward transport of dynein from soma to axon terminal is driven by direct interactions with the anterograde motor kinesin-1. In developing neurons, we find that dynein dynamically cycles between neurites, following kinesin-1 and accumulating in the nascent axon coincident with axon specification. In established axons, dynein is constantly transported down the axon at slow axonal transport speeds; inhibition of the kinesin-1-dynein interaction effectively blocks this process. In vitro and live-imaging assays to investigate the underlying mechanism lead us to propose a new model for the slow axonal transport of cytosolic cargos, based on short-lived direct interactions of cargo with a highly processive anterograde motor. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Journals and Authors
Authors: Edward J Huth
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

W e have to take on faith that ed- itors work to ensure that what we find in journals is relevant to our needs, is clear, is reliable, and relates clearly to an author's preceding work and to other published antecedents.This is a big task, too big a task for editors alone.In much of it they need the help of authors.When the world of medical research was much smaller, authors were more likely to have learned from mentors how they should conduct themselves in writing and submitting papers.Editors did not have to set forth detailed rules on authorship, on what information should be sent with a submitted paper, on what was redundant publication.But now some mentors may have too many trainees to acculture them sufficiently for responsible science.The pressures to publish are higher.Temptations to put personal gain above the integrity of science have grown.The reasons for standards in the conduct of science may not be clear.Editors have begun to feel that explicit rules of conduct in scientific communication are more and more needed.Responsible conduct in science does not differ in essence from responsible conduct in other fields.The individual may have desires, needs, wishes, or hopes that conflict with those of others.Laws do serve, even if imperfectly, to mediate those conflicts, but much of
Next-generation sequencing identifies major DNA methylation changes during progression of Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: G Heller, T Topakian, C Altenberger, S Cerny-Reiterer, S Herndlhofer, B Ziegler, P Datlinger, K Byrgazov, C Bock, C Mannhalter, G Hörmann, W R Sperr, T Lion, C C Zielinski, P Valent, S Zöchbauer-Müller
Journal: Leukemia (2016)

Little is known about the impact of DNA methylation on the evolution/progression of Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We investigated the methylome of CML patients in chronic phase (CP-CML), accelerated phase (AP-CML) and blast crisis (BC-CML) as well as in controls by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. Although only ~600 differentially methylated CpG sites were identified in samples obtained from CP-CML patients compared with controls, ~6500 differentially methylated CpG sites were found in samples from BC-CML patients. In the majority of affected CpG sites, methylation was increased. In CP-CML patients who progressed to AP-CML/BC-CML, we identified up to 897 genes that were methylated at the time of progression but not at the time of diagnosis. Using RNA-sequencing, we observed downregulated expression of many of these genes in BC-CML compared with CP-CML samples. Several of them are well-known tumor-suppressor genes or regulators of cell proliferation, and gene re-expression was observed by the use of epigenetic active drugs. Together, our results demonstrate that CpG site methylation clearly increases during CML progression and that it may provide a useful basis for revealing new targets of therapy in advanced CML.
Recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor in nonhuman primates: selective expansion of a CD16+ monocyte subset with phenotypic similarity to primate natural killer cells
Authors: DH Munn, AG Bree, AC Beall, MD Kaviani, H Sabio, RG Schaub, RK Alpaugh, LM Weiner, SJ Goldman
Journal: Blood (1996)
FDG-PET/CT of Vulvar Adenocarcinoma With Diffuse Metastases
Authors: Darshan Patel, Thomas M. Anderson, Yang Lu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

A 52 year-old woman presented to her gynecologist with a 1-year history of a 1.5-cm left labial mass. Punch biopsy of the vulvar lesion revealed primary infiltrating adenocarcinoma. Staging FDG-PET/CT demonstrated multiorgan diffuse metastases.
Response and control: lessons from oligodendroglioma.
Authors: J G Cairncross, E A Eisenhauer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1995.13.9.2475 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 7666112 Response and control: lessons from oligodendroglioma. J G CairncrossxJ G CairncrossSearch for articles by this author , E A EisenhauerxE A EisenhauerSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1995.13.9.2475 PDF "Response and control: lessons from oligodendroglioma.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 13(9), pp. 2475–2476© 1995 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Clinical Reports and Demonstrations: Section of Ophthalmology: Cases Shown at a Meeting Held at the Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital: Meningioma of the Optic Nerve within the Orbit, extending through the Optic Foramen to the Sphenoidal Ridge and the Suprasellar Region. Surgical Removal of Both Orbital and Intracranial Portions
Authors: W. Russell Brain, Hugh W. B. Cairns
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1936)
Case report of tardive dyskinesia and parkinsonism associated with amoxapine therapy
Authors: J E Thornton, S M Stahl
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

The authors describe a case of tardive dyskinesia and parkinsonism associated with amoxapine. Patients who develop acute parkinsonism while taking amoxapine may be at higher risk for tardive dyskinesia. The authors recommend that amoxapine be prescribed as carefully as other neuroleptics.
Succinate metabolism: a new therapeutic target for myocardial reperfusion injury
Authors: Victoria R. Pell, Edward T. Chouchani, Christian Frezza, Michael P. Murphy, Thomas Krieg
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2016)

Myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is a major cause of death worldwide and remains a disease for which current clinical therapies are strikingly deficient. While the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a critical driver of tissue damage upon reperfusion, the precise mechanisms underlying ROS production have remained elusive. More recently, it has been demonstrated that a specific metabolic mechanism occurs during ischaemia that underlies elevated ROS at reperfusion, suggesting a unifying model as to why so many different compounds have been found to be cardioprotective against IR injury. This review will discuss the role of the citric acid cycle intermediate succinate in IR pathology focusing on the mechanism by which this metabolite accumulates during ischaemia and how it can drive ROS production at Complex I via reverse electron transport. We will then examine the potential for manipulating succinate accumulation and metabolism during IR injury in order to protect the heart against IR damage and discuss targets for novel therapeutics designed to reduce reperfusion injury in patients.
Treatment of Pulmonary Aspergilloma with Amphotericin B.
Authors: H. Ikemoto
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

ISOLATED SOLATED therapeutic successes in the treatment of bronchopulmonary aspergillosis have been reported following the administration of nystatin by aerosol 1 as well as oral intake of large doses of potassium iodide. 2 Parenteral injection of stilbamidine 3 and, more recently, amphotericin B 4,5 have also been considered to be successful in isolated cases. However, clinical effectiveness against deep-seated fungous diseases has been accompanied by a variety of disturbing side effects and evidence of toxicity during intravenous infusion of the drug 6,7 Fatal reactions due to renal or hepatic failure and drug hypersensitivity have also been recorded in the human. 8-10 Furthermore, systemic drug therapy appears to have particularly limited value in the treatment of freelying Aspergillus fungus ball. There is only one preliminary report 11 of endobronchial use of amphotericin B in the English literature.  In this report, amphotericin B was instilled intrabronchially by tracheal puncture in one patient
Lenalidomide Enhances Human Alloresponses By Increasing Proliferation of Effector Memory CD8 T Cells with Enhanced Polyfunctional Effector Capacity and a Unique Gene Expression Profile
Authors: Caroline Mary Besley, Eleni Kotsiou, Robert Petty, Ajanthah Sangaralingum, Rifca Le Dieu, John G. Gribben, Jeff K. Davies
Journal: Blood (2014)
THE THEORY OF VISION
Authors: F. W. Edridge-Green
Journal: BMJ (1920)

PROF. JOLY'S papers on vision are very interesting. He adopts the visual purple as the visual substance, but there is no evidence that the rods are percipient elements. The view that they are percipient elements is based on errors, as, for instance, that certain animals—the tortoise is the most quoted—possess only cones; that the periphery of the retina is colour-blind; and that the Purkinje phenomenon is not found with the fovea. The tortoise has the rods and cones as definitely marked and distinct from each other as in man. Has any reader seen a retina in which there are only rods or only cones in any animal? The periphery of the retina is not colour-blind. Red of sufficient luminosity can be seen to the extreme periphery. The Purkinje phenomenon is found with the fovea, and is a photochemical phenomenon. It is very improbable that the rods are percipient elements. An elaborate nervous mechanism is required to regulate the sensitiveness of the photochemical film, and this appears to be the function of the rods.
Bevacizumab and Paclitaxel As First Line Chemotherapy of Her2 Negative Advanced Breast Cancer (Abc): Results of an Observational Institutional Study
Authors: S. Pop, M. Dujaric, P. Beuzeboc, L. Mignot, P.H. Cottu, S. Scholl, C. Le Tourneau, T. Dorval, S. Piperno-Neumann, V. Laurence, B. Asselain, J. Pierga, V. Dieras
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Protective Roles of Endothelial AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Against Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Mice
Authors: Junichi Omura, Kimio Satoh, Nobuhiro Kikuchi, Taijyu Satoh, Ryo Kurosawa, Masamichi Nogi, Tomohiro Otsuki, Katsuya Kozu, Kazuhiko Numano, Kota Suzuki, Shinichiro Sunamura, Shunsuke Tatebe, Tatsuo Aoki, Koichiro Sugimura, Satoshi Miyata, Yasushi Hoshikawa, Yoshinori Okada, Hiroaki Shimokawa
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

Endothelial AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays an important role for vascular homeostasis, and its role is impaired by vascular inflammation. However, the role of endothelial AMPK in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains to be elucidated.To determine the role of endothelial AMPK in the development of PAH.Immunostaining showed that endothelial AMPK is downregulated in the pulmonary arteries of patients with PAH and hypoxia mouse model of pulmonary hypertension (PH). To elucidate the role of endothelial AMPK in PH, we used endothelial-specific AMPK-knockout mice (eAMPK(-/-)), which were exposed to hypoxia. Under normoxic condition, eAMPK(-/-) mice showed the normal morphology of pulmonary arteries compared with littermate controls (eAMPK(flox/flox)). In contrast, development of hypoxia-induced PH was accelerated in eAMPK(-/-) mice compared with controls. Furthermore, the exacerbation of PH in eAMPK(-/-) mice was accompanied by reduced endothelial function, upregulation of growth factors, and increased proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Importantly, conditioned medium from endothelial cells promoted pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation, which was further enhanced by the treatment with AMPK inhibitor. Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ were significantly increased in patients with PAH compared with healthy controls. Consistently, endothelial AMPK and cell proliferation were significantly reduced by the treatment with serum from patients with PAH compared with controls. Importantly, long-term treatment with metformin, an AMPK activator, significantly attenuated hypoxia-induced PH in mice.These results indicate that endothelial AMPK is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of PAH.
Clinical Outcome Of R-CHOP Or CHOP Regimen For Elderly Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma In China：A Single Center’s Experience
Authors: Yajian Jiang, De Zhou, Wanzhuo Xie, Jingsong He, Jimin Shi, Yi Luo, Jie Zhang, Maofang Lin, Xiujin Ye, Zhen Cai, He Huang
Journal: Blood (2013)
Endometriosis Mimicking an Advanced Malignant Tumor
Authors: Taisong Wang, Yan Xing, Jinhua Zhao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

A 27-year-old woman with swelling left leg, groin pain, and increased serum CA125 level underwent FDG PET/CT to evaluate a pelvic mass revealed by an MRI performed from an outside hospital. A large hypermetabolic solid mass in the left pelvic wall and several lymph nodes with elevated FDG activity were noted, which indicated malignancy. However, histopathological examination demonstrated endometriosis.
Abstract P6-11-06: Time and value of chemotherapy administration burden in a Swedish hospital
Authors: A Nilsson, J Lundkvist, H Lindman
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background Administration of treatment for cancer patients can require substantial health care resources and differences in administration burden between treatments are therefore important to take into account when comparing them. Besides the direct personnel and bed time, the administration can also have broader consequences on the organisation and process of care delivery, as well as on the patients. How to value differences in these parameters is however not straightforward. Nab-paclitaxel and paclitaxel are examples of two treatments with important differences in administration burden, and the objective of this study was to perform a time-motion study to compare time required for treatment administration. Material and methods Breast cancer patients vising the oncology day care unit at the department of oncology at Akademiska Hospital in Uppsala, Sweden, as part of their regular treatment-course with nab-paclitaxel (n=13) or paclitaxel (n=9) were included in the study. Time data collection was based on a questionnaire answered by hospital staff. Time for infusions and the total patient time in hospital were measured for each patient. Results Mean infusion times per administration of nab-paclitaxel and paclitaxel were 42.1 (Standard deviation (SD) 20.7) minutes and 104.3 (SD 43.3) minutes, respectively. Total patient times in clinic per infusion were 82.2 (SD 40.9) minutes and 183.9 (SD 34.8) minutes, respectively. A 12-week treatment course of nab-paclitaxel (every three weeks), nab-paclitaxel (weekly) and paclitaxel (weekly) would require in total 2.8, 8.4 and 20.9 hours of infusion time, respectively. The corresponding patient time in hospital would be 5.5, 16.4 and 36.8 hours, respectively. Conclusion There can be substantial differences in nurse and facility resources required for administration of chemotherapy, our data showed approximately a 7-fold difference in patient, personnel and facility time requirements between the compared treatments. In a time with shortage of both hospital personnel and facilities, the valuation of these resources is not easy and may have broader impact on the organisation and delivery of care. Monetary valuation using rent cost or salaries may in a time of resource shortage underestimate the true opportunity cost, and more research and discussions on how to prioritise use of these resources versus other costs are therefore needed. Citation Format: Nilsson A, Lundkvist J, Lindman H. Time and value of chemotherapy administration burden in a Swedish hospital. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-11-06.
Serious and Fatal Football Injuries Involving the Head and Spinal Cord
Authors: Richard C. Schneider
Journal: JAMA (1961)

All of the 14 fatal injuries to the head and spinal cord in American football players during 1959, and several injuries and deaths during 1960, were studied in search of a common factor. Often the unyielding plastic face guard was found to have been forced upward, throwing the neck into hyperextension. A force applied to the forward projection of the face guard has a greater mechanical advantage than does force applied to the forehead or chin. The posterior rim of the helmet, below the occiput, was thereby driven against the back of the neck and frequently caused severe injury to the cervical vertebrae and spinal cord. This danger can be reduced by certain changes, described by the authors, in helmet construction.
Case 43-1981
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, R. D. Diamond, R. Fienberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital from The New England Journal of Medicine — Case 43-1981 — A 54-Year-Old Man with an 11-Year History of Chronic Inflammation of the Orbit and Paranasal Sinuses