tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recovery of human immunodeficiency virus from peritoneal dialysis effluent.
Authors: P J Scheel, H Farzadegan, D Ford, M Malan, A Watson
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1995)

Increasing numbers of HIV-infected patients who have ESRD are being treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). To investigate the potential infectious nature of peritoneal dialysate (PD), the peritoneal dialysis effluent was studied in 14 patients on CAPD who were known to be HIV antibody positive. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the sediment of PD were obtained from each patient and subjected to a qualitative microculture assay using a coculture of patient cells or PD fluid with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from non-HIV-infected individuals. Samples from the coculture were collected twice weekly for HIV P24 antigen determination as a marker of viral replication. PD, white blood cell and red blood cell counts, and peripheral blood CD4 lymphocyte counts were also measured. All 14 patients developed a positive blood culture by Day 3. Twelve of the 14 patients developed a positive PD fluid culture. The mean CD4 count was 310 cells/mm3. No patient had clinical or cellular evidence of peritonitis at the time of fluid sampling. These data indicate that peritoneal dialysis effluent from patients who are HIV antibody positive is potentially infectious.
Evaluation of a new type of nano-sized carbon monoxide donor on treating mice with experimentally induced colitis
Authors: Saori Nagao, Kazuaki Taguchi, Yuri Miyazaki, Tomohiko Wakayama, Victor Tuan Giam Chuang, Keishi Yamasaki, Hiroshi Watanabe, Hiromi Sakai, Masaki Otagiri, Toru Maruyama
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2016)
Case 2-1973
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Franklin H. Epstein, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Presentation of CaseA 26-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of renal failure.Two and a half months before admission an uncomplicated first pregnancy eventuated in the normal delivery of a premature infant. Repeated examination during the pregnancy revealed normal blood pressure and urine. After delivery an oral contraceptive agent was begun. Two weeks before entry the temperature rose to 37.8°C, accompanied by nausea, cough and mild dyspnea, and her physician prescribed tetracycline. One week before admission orthopnea developed. Two days later she entered another hospital, where physical examination disclosed a blood pressure of 150/110; the heart was . . .
US gets lower return on its cancer drug spending, study finds
Authors: Michael McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Increased spending on cancer drugs has yielded significant benefits in terms of years of life gained, but compared with other developed nations the United States has seen the smallest return on its investment, a new study has found.1

Researchers compared changes in spending on cancer drugs and changes in years of potential life lost due to neoplasms from 2004 to 2014 in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

“All nine countries—most notably France and …
IκB Kinase Inhibitor Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in CKD
Authors: Jianmin Chen, Julius E. Kieswich, Fausto Chiazza, Amie J. Moyes, Thomas Gobbetti, Gareth S.D. Purvis, Daniela C.F. Salvatori, Nimesh S.A. Patel, Mauro Perretti, Adrian J. Hobbs, Massimo Collino, Muhammad M. Yaqoob, Christoph Thiemermann
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2016)

Patients with CKD requiring dialysis have a higher risk of sepsis and a 100-fold higher mortality rate than the general population with sepsis. The severity of cardiac dysfunction predicts mortality in patients with sepsis. Here, we investigated the effect of preexisting CKD on cardiac function in mice with sepsis and whether inhibition of I κ B kinase (IKK) reduces the cardiac dysfunction in CKD sepsis. Male C57BL/6 mice underwent 5/6 nephrectomy, and 8 weeks later, they were subjected to LPS (2 mg/kg) or sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Compared with sham operation, nephrectomy resulted in significant increases in urea and creatinine levels, a small ( P &lt;0.05) reduction in ejection fraction (echocardiography), and increases in the cardiac levels of phosphorylated I κ B α , Akt, and extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2; nuclear translocation of the NF- κ B subunit p65; and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. When subjected to LPS or CLP, compared with sham-operated controls, CKD mice exhibited exacerbation of cardiac dysfunction and lung inflammation, greater increases in levels of plasma cytokines (TNF- α , IL-1 β , IL-6, and IL-10), and greater increases in the cardiac levels of phosphorylated IKK α / β and I κ B α , nuclear translocation of p65, and iNOS expression. Treatment of CKD mice with an IKK inhibitor (IKK 16; 1 mg/kg) 1 hour after CLP or LPS administration attenuated these effects. Thus, preexisting CKD aggravates the cardiac dysfunction caused by sepsis or endotoxemia in mice; this effect may be caused by increased cardiac NF- κ B activation and iNOS expression.
Salty story
Authors: Douglas Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Salt is bad for your blood pressure. We've known that for a long time, from both associational studies and randomized trials. People and populations with high salt intake have more hypertension and strokes. If you lower patients' salt intake in research trials, their blood pressure goes down. But what about morbidity and mortality? Stands to reason that they would go down too, but until now it hasn't been shown clearly.

Nancy Cook and colleagues followed up patients from two large American hypertension prevention trials of patients with high normal blood pressure (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39147.604896.55). In both trials, the original interventions—weight loss, counseling to decrease dietary sodium, or both—led to decreased blood pressure compared to controls. Now, 10-15 years after the trials concluded, the investigators report cardiac morbidity and mortality data for more than 75% of the patients.

After adjustment for baseline characteristics, a 25% reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease occurred among those who had received the sodium reduction interventions. Given the fact that the research interventions had ended years previously and the general tendency for behavioral interventions to attenuate over time, this is a remarkable finding. The difference in mortality between the groups did not reach significance.

In a related editorial, Francesco Cappuccio points out that most dietary salt in developed countries comes from eating processed foods and bread (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39175.364954.BE). Thus, messages to “throw away the salt shaker” would have little effect. It seems clear that the only way progress will be made is if manufacturers reduce the sodium in prepared foods, either voluntarily or by regulation.

Almost a year ago, the American Medical Association joined public health groups in calling for at least a 50% reduction in the amount of sodium in prepared foods, fast foods, and restaurant meals; improved labeling of sodium content in foods; and the withdrawal by the FDA of the “generally recognized as safe” status of salt (www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/16461.html). Little has happened. Without some sort of regulatory action we are unlikely to make much progress against this common but now clearly dangerous dietary ingredient.
A Pathway to Understanding Emotional Dysfunction in Schizophrenia
Authors: Daphne J. Holt
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Serum levels of interleukin 8 and plasma levels of osteopontin in patients with non-small cell lung cancer during chemotherapy
Authors: Ewa Rogala, Adriana Rozy, Barbara Roszkowska-Sliz, Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko, Kazimierz Roszkowska-Sliz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and osteopontin (OPN) are multifunctional cytokines associated among other with tumor progression and metastasis. The aim of the study was to evaluate serum levels of IL-8 and plasma levels of OPN in patients with NSCLC undergoing chemotherapy. Peripheral blood samples were taken before and after four cycles of chemotherapy (DDP+VP) and in the case of progression of disease. The study included 29 patients diagnosed histologically with lung cancer (stage IIIB 12 patients, stage IV 17 patients). IL-8 and OPN levels were determined by ELISA (R&D). Mean levels of IL-8 and OPN significantly increased with progression of the malignancy: serum IL-8 levels in stage IIIB and IV were 19,82pg/ml and 46,88pg/ml, respectively, (p
Common Gamma Chain Cytokines Contribute To Acute GvHD Via Perforin/Granzyme B-Mediated Cytotoxicity Of CD8 T Cells
Authors: Vincent Schwarze, Anne-Kathrin Hechinger, Franziska Leonhardt, Gabriele Prinz, Annette Schmitt-Gräff, Jiri Kovarik, Robert Zeiser
Journal: Blood (2013)
Protection against malaria at 1 year and immune correlates following PfSPZ vaccination
Authors: Andrew S Ishizuka, Kirsten E Lyke, Adam DeZure, Andrea A Berry, Thomas L Richie, Floreliz H Mendoza, Mary E Enama, Ingelise J Gordon, Lee-Jah Chang, Uzma N Sarwar, Kathryn L Zephir, LaSonji A Holman, Eric R James, Peter F Billingsley, Anusha Gunasekera, Sumana Chakravarty, Anita Manoj, MingLin Li, Adam J Ruben, Tao Li, Abraham G Eappen, Richard E Stafford, Natasha K C, Tooba Murshedkar, Hope DeCederfelt, Sarah H Plummer, Cynthia S Hendel, Laura Novik, Pamela J M Costner, Jamie G Saunders, Matthew B Laurens, Christopher V Plowe, Barbara Flynn, William R Whalen, J P Todd, Jay Noor, Srinivas Rao, Kailan Sierra-Davidson, Geoffrey M Lynn, Judith E Epstein, Margaret A Kemp, Gary A Fahle, Sebastian A Mikolajczak, Matthew Fishbaugher, Brandon K Sack, Stefan H I Kappe, Silas A Davidson, Lindsey S Garver, Niklas K Björkström, Martha C Nason, Barney S Graham, Mario Roederer, B Kim Lee Sim, Stephen L Hoffman, Julie E Ledgerwood, Robert A Seder
Journal: Nature Medicine (2016)
Serrated polyposis syndrome: a silent killer when undetected
Authors: Joep IJspeert, Barbara Bastiaansen, Evelien Dekker
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

This report describes the clinical course of a 59-year-old woman who was diagnosed with metachronous colorectal cancer (CRC). She was diagnosed with a T3 N0 M0 sigmoid carcinoma in 2002 (at the age of 46) for which she underwent a sigmoid resection and received follow-up at another hospital. Follow-up colonoscopies in 2003 and 2004 did not show any colonic abnormalities, while colonoscopy in 2006 showed a flat polyp in the cecum, which was biopsied. Histopathologic examination revealed a sessile serrated polyp with a focus of dysplasia and surveillance colonoscopy was advised in 3 years. At a subsequent ileocolonoscopy in 2009, no abnormalities were detected in the cecum or elsewhere in the colon and a 5-year surveillance interval was recommended.
Effects of Acetaminophen on Oxidant and Irritant Respiratory Tract Responses to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Female Mice
Authors: Gregory J. Smith, Joseph A. Cichocki, Bennett J. Doughty, Jose E. Manautou, Sven-Eric Jordt, John B. Morris
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Although it is known that acetaminophen causes oxidative injury in the liver, it is not known whether it causes oxidative stress in the respiratory tract. If so, this widely used analgesic may potentiate the adverse effects of oxidant air pollutants.The goal of this study was to determine if acetaminophen induces respiratory tract oxidative stress and/or potentiates the oxidative stress and irritant responses to an inhaled oxidant: environmental tobacco smoke (ETS).Acetaminophen [100 mg/kg intraperitoneal (ip)] and/or sidestream tobacco smoke (as a surrogate for ETS, 5 mg/m3 for 10 min) were administered to female C57Bl/6J mice, and airway oxidative stress was assessed by loss of tissue antioxidants [estimated by nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) levels] and/or induction of oxidant stress response genes. In addition, the effects of acetaminophen on airway irritation reflex responses to ETS were examined by plethysmography.Acetaminophen diminished NPSH in nasal, thoracic extrapulmonary, and lung tissues; it also induced the oxidant stress response genes glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit, and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1, in these sites. ETS produced a similar response. The response to acetaminophen plus ETS was equal to or greater than the sum of the responses to either agent alone. Although it had no effect by itself, acetaminophen greatly increased the reflex irritant response to ETS.At supratherapeutic levels, acetaminophen induced oxidative stress throughout the respiratory tract and appeared to potentiate some responses to environmentally relevant ETS exposure in female C57Bl/6J mice. These results highlight the potential for this widely used drug to modulate responsiveness to oxidant air pollutants.Smith GJ, Cichocki JA, Doughty BJ, Manautou JE, Jordt SE, Morris JB. 2016. Effects of acetaminophen on oxidant and irritant respiratory tract responses to environmental tobacco smoke in female mice. Environ Health Perspect 124:642-650; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509851.
2016 Focused Update: Clinical Recommendations for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Data Assessment in Specific Patient Populations
Authors: Marco Guazzi, Ross Arena, Martin Halle, Massimo F. Piepoli, Jonathan Myers, Carl J. Lavie
Journal: Circulation (2016)

In the past several decades, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) has seen an exponential increase in its evidence base. The growing volume of evidence in support of CPX has precipitated the release of numerous scientific statements by societies and associations. In 2012, the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation and the American Heart Association developed a joint document with the primary intent of redefining CPX analysis and reporting in a way that would streamline test interpretation and increase clinical application. Specifically, the 2012 joint scientific statement on CPX conceptualized an easy-to-use, clinically meaningful analysis based on evidence-vetted variables in color-coded algorithms; single-page algorithms were successfully developed for each proposed test indication. Because of an abundance of new CPX research in recent years and a reassessment of the current algorithms in light of the body of evidence, a focused update to the 2012 scientific statement is now warranted. The purposes of this update are to confirm algorithms included in the initial scientific statement not requiring revision, to propose revisions to algorithms included in the initial scientific statement, to propose new algorithms based on emerging scientific evidence, to further clarify the application of oxygen consumption at ventilatory threshold, to describe CPX variables with an emerging scientific evidence base, to describe the synergistic value of combining CPX with other assessments, to discuss personnel considerations for CPX laboratories, and to provide recommendations for future CPX research.
Intravenous vitamin C in combination with gemcitabine and erlotinib in subjects with metastatic pancreatic cancer.
Authors: D. Monti, A. Newberg, S. J. Littman, M. Mathews, N. Lewis, E. P. Mitchell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

e14547 Background: This open label single institution phase I trial was performed to determine the safety of high dose intravenous vitamin C in combination with gemcitabine and erlotinib therapy in advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods: 9 subjects (3 male, 6 female) with pancreatic cancer metastatic to the liver and other organs were recruited to receive an 8 week cycle of intravenous vitamin C (escalating doses from 50g/day to 75 mg/day to 100g/day) given three times per week with gemcitabine 1,000mg/m2/wk and erlotinib 100 mg daily. One subject enrolled but dropped out prior to treatment. A second did not complete the 8-week protocol. Laboratory values and adverse events were monitored throughout. Subjects received either a CT of chest, abdomen, pelvis or a whole-body PET CT to evaluate for response. Results: There were 9 adverse events in the treated subjects. Five subjects had a platelet count less than 100K, often observed with gemcitabine. Two subjects developed thromboembolic disease. Two subjects expired prior to the follow up evaluation at 8 weeks. One subject died following cerebrovascular accident. The other subject developed a bowel perforation and died. 7 of 8 subjects underwent pre and post treatment CT or PET scans. Of these, two had a PR showing improvement in size and metabolic activity in both the primary and at sites of metastases. Three subjects had stable disease and two subjects had progression of disease at 8 weeks. Conclusions: The safety data do not reveal adverse events other than what might be expected with pancreatic cancer and/or treatment with chemotherapy. Five of the subjects had either improvement or stable disease. It should be noted that the target maximal dose for intravenous vitamin C was 100g/day which only one subject has received and that subject did demonstrate improvement. This study supports the use of high dose intravenous vitamin C in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Future randomized, controlled trials with a larger number of patients will be needed to better evaluate whether intravenous vitamin C is valuable in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. A phase II trial is planned at the RP2D.
Systematic Functional Interrogation of Rare Cancer Variants Identifies Oncogenic Alleles
Authors: Eejung Kim, Nina Ilic, Yashaswi Shrestha, Lihua Zou, Atanas Kamburov, Cong Zhu, Xiaoping Yang, Rakela Lubonja, Nancy Tran, Cindy Nguyen, Michael S. Lawrence, Federica Piccioni, Mukta Bagul, John G. Doench, Candace R. Chouinard, Xiaoyun Wu, Larson Hogstrom, Ted Natoli, Pablo Tamayo, Heiko Horn, Steven M. Corsello, Kasper Lage, David E. Root, Aravind Subramanian, Todd R. Golub, Gad Getz, Jesse S. Boehm, William C. Hahn
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2016)

Cancer genome characterization efforts now provide an initial view of the somatic alterations in primary tumors. However, most point mutations occur at low frequency, and the function of these alleles remains undefined. We have developed a scalable systematic approach to interrogate the function of cancer-associated gene variants. We subjected 474 mutant alleles curated from 5,338 tumors to pooled in vivo tumor formation assays and gene expression profiling. We identified 12 transforming alleles, including two in genes (PIK3CB, POT1) that have not been shown to be tumorigenic. One rare KRAS allele, D33E, displayed tumorigenicity and constitutive activation of known RAS effector pathways. By comparing gene expression changes induced upon expression of wild-type and mutant alleles, we inferred the activity of specific alleles. Because alleles found to be mutated only once in 5,338 tumors rendered cells tumorigenic, these observations underscore the value of integrating genomic information with functional studies.
Differentiating drusen: Drusen and drusen-like appearances associated with ageing, age-related macular degeneration, inherited eye disease and other pathological processes
Authors: Kamron N. Khan, Omar A. Mahroo, Rehna S. Khan, Moin D. Mohamed, Martin McKibbin, Alan Bird, Michel Michaelides, Adnan Tufail, Anthony T. Moore
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2016)
Carcinogenic Activity of Processed Bracken Used as Human Food<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>
Authors: Iwao Hirono, Chiken Shibuya, Masaru Shimizu, Katsumasa Fushimi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

The carcinogenic activity of processed bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) used as a human food was studied in 4 groups of inbred strain ACI rats. Group I received for 4 months the pellets containing unprocessed bracken; Groups II and III were given for 4 months the pellets containing processed bracken treated with boiling water containing wood ash or sodium bicarbonate; Groups IV -1 and IV -2 received for 4 or 9 months, respectively, the pellets containing salt bracken; and Group IV-3 was given for 9 months the pellets of basal diet with NaCl added. A control group was fed a normal diet. In Group I, 10 of 12 rats surviving beyond 7 months after the start of feeding developed adenomas, adenocarcinomas, and sarcomas in the ileum, in decreasing order of frequency. In Groups II, III, and IV-1 tumor incidence was much lower than that in Group I, and most tumors were adenomas of the ileum. Rats in Group IV-2 did not develop the intestinal tumor. Although carcinogenic activity of bracken could be reduced remarkably by treatment with wood ash, sodium bicarbonate, or NaCl, weak carcinogenic activity was still retained in bracken thus prepared. The most preferred site of bracken-induced intestinal tumors was the terminal 3 cm of the ileum.
Abstract #1512: Production of a novel hSgo1 splicing variant is a potential cause of down-regulation of wild type hSgo1 in colorectal cancer.
Authors: Moriya Iwaizumi, Kazuya Shinmura, Hidetaka Yamada, Mutsuhiro Ikuma, Haruhiko Sugimura
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is recognized as a hallmark ofcancer and is caused by a spindle assembly checkpoint disorderor chromosome mis-segregation during mitosis. Previously, we reported that down-regulation of hSgo1, an important playerin proper chromosome segregation, leads to chromosomal instability in colorectal cancer (Gut, published online first 2008). Although our previous report indicates that aberrant hSgo1 production is also involved in cancer progression, little is known about aberrant hSgo1 such as splicing variants in cancer. To obtain information about the aberrant hSgo1 production in cancer, we analyzed the splicing variant of hSgo1 in colorectal cancercases. RT-PCR analysis using a primer set that covers full length hSgo1 cDNA showed various sizes of RT-PCR products in the tumor tissue but not in the normal tissue. TA-cloning was done to identify the sequence of these RT-PCR products and detected the one tumor specific RT-PCR product that skips Ex3 (delta Ex3 hSgo1) among eight splicing variants, and the delta Ex3 hSgo1 may produce truncate hSgo1 protein. Furthermore, RT-PCR analysis using the primer set which specifically detect the delta Ex3 hSgo1 showed that six of the 30(20%) colorectal cancer cases had delta Ex3 hSgo1 positive tumor. Interestingly, we found out by the clinicopathological analysis that five of the six (83%) delta Ex3 hSgo1 positive cases show down-regulationof full-length hSgo1 mRNA expression.Taken together, these findings suggest that production of delta Ex3 hSgo1 may reduce the percentages of wild type hSgo1 production and delta hSgo1 itself may play an important role for chromosome instability in colorectal cancer.

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 1512.