tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exercise Dose in Clinical Practice
Authors: Meagan M. Wasfy, Aaron L. Baggish
Journal: Circulation (2016)

There is wide variability in the physical activity patterns of the patients in contemporary clinical cardiovascular practice. This review is designed to address the impact of exercise dose on key cardiovascular risk factors and on mortality. We begin by examining the body of literature that supports a dose-response relationship between exercise and cardiovascular disease risk factors, including plasma lipids, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. We next explore the relationship between exercise dose and mortality by reviewing the relevant epidemiological literature underlying current physical activity guideline recommendations. We then expand this discussion to critically examine recent data pertaining to the impact of exercise dose at the lowest and highest ends of the spectrum. Finally, we provide a framework for how the key concepts of exercise dose can be integrated into clinical practice.
Arsenic and Environmental Health: State of the Science and Future Research Opportunities
Authors: Danielle J. Carlin, Marisa F. Naujokas, Karen D. Bradham, John Cowden, Michelle Heacock, Heather F. Henry, Janice S. Lee, David J. Thomas, Claudia Thompson, Erik J. Tokar, Michael P. Waalkes, Linda S. Birnbaum, William A. Suk
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Exposure to inorganic and organic arsenic compounds is a major public health problem that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Exposure to arsenic is associated with cancer and noncancer effects in nearly every organ in the body, and evidence is mounting for health effects at lower levels of arsenic exposure than previously thought. Building from a tremendous knowledge base with > 1,000 scientific papers published annually with "arsenic" in the title, the question becomes, what questions would best drive future research directions?The objective is to discuss emerging issues in arsenic research and identify data gaps across disciplines.The National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Superfund Research Program convened a workshop to identify emerging issues and research needs to address the multi-faceted challenges related to arsenic and environmental health. This review summarizes information captured during the workshop.More information about aggregate exposure to arsenic is needed, including the amount and forms of arsenic found in foods. New strategies for mitigating arsenic exposures and related health effects range from engineered filtering systems to phytogenetics and nutritional interventions. Furthermore, integration of omics data with mechanistic and epidemiological data is a key step toward the goal of linking biomarkers of exposure and susceptibility to disease mechanisms and outcomes.Promising research strategies and technologies for arsenic exposure and adverse health effect mitigation are being pursued, and future research is moving toward deeper collaborations and integration of information across disciplines to address data gaps.Carlin DJ, Naujokas MF, Bradham KD, Cowden J, Heacock M, Henry HF, Lee JS, Thomas DJ, Thompson C, Tokar EJ, Waalkes MP, Birnbaum LS, Suk WA. 2016. Arsenic and environmental health: state of the science and future research opportunities. Environ Health Perspect 124:890-899; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510209.
Degradation of Cystine Peptides by Tissues. IV. Dehydropeptidase Activity in Normal and Neoplastic Tissues
Authors: Jesse P. Greenstein, Florence M. Leuthardt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1946)

Degradation of Cystine Peptides by Tissues. IV. Dehydropeptidase Activity in Normal and Neoplastic Tissues Get access Jesse P. Greenstein, Jesse P. Greenstein principal biochemist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Florence M. Leuthardt Florence M. Leuthardt junior biochemist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 6, Issue 4, February 1946, Pages 197–201, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/6.4.197 Published: 01 February 1946
The future of child psychiatry as a medical discipline
Authors: F Earls
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

There is a shortage of child psychiatrists; at the same time, efforts to establish comprehensive care health resources for families and children are increasing. To ensure that child psychiatry keeps pace with broader changes in medical care, the author recommends that the distribution and practices of child psychiatrists be examined and that the therapies used be evaluated. The structural relationships of child psychiatry remaining programs to medical school departments of psychiatry and pediatrics and to the specialty examining boards also need reappraisal. Discussion of these issues within and outside child psychiatry should be stimulating and useful to the field's future.
Effects of first-generation antipsychotics versus second-generation antipsychotics on quality of life in schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomised study
Authors: Gerhard Gründer, Martin Heinze, Joachim Cordes, Bernd Mühlbauer, Georg Juckel, Constanze Schulz, Eckart Rüther, Jürgen Timm
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2016)
Lipopolysaccharide-Induced CD300b Receptor Binding to Toll-like Receptor 4 Alters Signaling to Drive Cytokine Responses that Enhance Septic Shock
Authors: Oliver H. Voss, Yousuke Murakami, Mirna Y. Pena, Ha-Na Lee, Linjie Tian, David H. Margulies, Jonathan M. Street, Peter S.T. Yuen, Chen-Feng Qi, Konrad Krzewski, John E. Coligan
Journal: Immunity (2016)
Memory and convulsive stimulation: effects of stimulus waveform
Authors: C W Spanis, L R Squire
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

Electrical stimulation with brief pulses can produce a seizure requiring less energy than conventional sine-wave stimulation, and it has been suggested that brief-pulse stimulation might reduce the memory loss associated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The authors evaluated the effects of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on memory in mice by using various waveforms, current intensities, training-ECS intervals, pulse widths, and stimulus durations. When equated for ability to produce seizures, low-energy, brief-pulse stimulation caused as much amnesia as sine-wave stimulation and sometimes more. In the absence of comparisons of the amnesic effects of brief-pulse and sine-wave stimulation in humans, the use of brief pulses for administering ECT is unwarranted.
The Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Selma Tekin, Zeynep Ünlütürk, Eylem Değirmenci, Nida Kaçar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized mainly by mental retardation, epilepsy and adenoma sebasemia triad.All triads can be detected in only one third of the patients.Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a hamartomatosis that mainly carries the central nervous system, skin, retina, kidney and heart.Pathologies associated with renal involvement in patients with tuberous sclerosis; angiomyolipomas (70-80%), renal cysts (20%) and very rarely cancers.The most common neurological finding is epileptic seizures.In this article, we present a case report of a patient who applied to dermatological clinic with acne complaints and diagnosed as a tuberous sclerosis complex with skin findings, cortical tuber and angiomyolipoma in addition to radiological examinations.
Multimedia: East Meets West
Authors: Uy Hoang
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Exhibition at the Science Museum, London, until 27 June


  According to Robert Temple in his book The Genius of China, the Chinese were isolating sex and pituitary hormones from the urine by sublimation as early as the 2nd century bc and using them for medicinal purposes. The crystals they obtained were traditionally called “autumn mineral,” being likened to the hoarfrost of the autumn and were said to be used by the Prince of Han in 125 bc. 




Western interest in Chinese and other Eastern medicines has a long history, extending back to classical times. In 1669, the great philosopher Leibniz regarded Chinese medicine as “at least as good as that of Europe.” East Meets West, an exhibition at the Science Museum, shows that the influence of traditional eastern medicines has extended far beyond the realms of endocrinology. Methods of diagnosis such as the reading of the pulse and preventing disease through vaccination were brought back to the West by Christian missionaries and foreign doctors from China.

Equally, many ideas on treatment have originated from the traditional Indian medical systems of Ayurveda and Unani, including the technique of facial repair advocated in the Ayurveda text Sushruta Samhita, which fostered the discipline of plastic surgery.

Medical discoveries and technologies have passed both ways over the centuries. The exhibition explores how medicine evolved in Greek and Islamic cultures led to a renaissance in Western culture; the harmony of Islamic and Indian medical traditions in India, with a subsequent exchange of practices with the West through Britain’s colonisation of the subcontinent; the transfer of medical ideas between Chinese doctors and Christian missionaries; and the origins of smallpox inoculation, conceived in the East but refined in the West.

The exhibition also displays other traditional Eastern medical practices that have not been incorporated so readily into the Western model of medicine—such as acupuncture and moxibustion, the application of burning leaves of the mugwort to acupuncture sites in an effort to restore harmony of yin and yang. These examples hint at the fundamental differences in culture and ideology that have formed and moulded traditional as well as modern medicine, a reason for their uneasy coexistence in many societies today.
Development and Preclinical Characterization of an Fc-Optimized CD133 Antibody for Induction of NK Cell Reactivity Against Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Samuel Koerner, Julia Leibold, Ludger Grosse-Hovest, Hans-Joerg Buehring, Gundram Jung, Lothar Kanz, Helmut R. Salih
Journal: Blood (2014)
AB0838 Assessment of Diacerein Tolerability in Real Clinical Practice
Authors: A. Karateev, L. Alekseeva
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Diacerein is widely used in osteoarthritis (OA) management. Low risk of serious complications is considered to be one of its9 major advantages. However, despite high acceptance of the medication, there were no large scale studies of diacerein safety in Russia. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in pts taking diacerein (Diaflex®, Romfarm) in real clinical practice <h3>Methods</h3> 3479 (60.4% females and 39.6% males, mean age 57.6±12.6 y.) pts with OA or non-specific low back pain (LBP) taking diacerein were analyzed. Diacerein was administered at 100 mg/day, treatment outcomes were evaluated after 30 days of therapy. Apart from diacerein patients were also taking other drugs, including NSAIDs (62.6%), muscle relaxants, local glucocorticoid injections, slow-acting symptom-modifying drugs, and oths. Efficacy of the drug (VAS pain intensity dynamic and satisfaction with therapy), as well as incidence and type of ADRs were assessed. <h3>Results</h3> The combined therapy including diacerein turned to be effective in the majority of pts: pain intensity decreased from 71.2±17.5 to 22.6±16.3 mm (VAS), pts were satisfied with 76% giving "excellent" or "good" mark to the treatment. Most common ADRs were associated with GI tract, i.e. approx 10% mentioned dyspepsia symptoms. Majority of pts stated more frequent stools with 5.91±1.9 bowel movements per week at baseline increasing to 7.3±2.8 bowel movements per week after 30 days of diacerein intake (p&lt;0.001). Significant diarrhea developed only in 30 pts (0.86%). Clinically significant increase (&gt;2-fold above the upper reference value) of ALT/AST levels was found in 20 pts (0.57%). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The combined therapy including diacerein provides effective pain control in OA and LBP. Diacerein is well tolerated and is rarely associated with serious ADRs. Significant diarrhea and ALT/AST increase were registered in less than 1% of pts, taking diacerein for 30 days. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Epstein–Barr Virus-Induced B-Cell Lymphoma after Renal Transplantation
Authors: S H Leech, P Kumar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

THE Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a transforming herpesvirus that selectively infects B lymphocytes, causes infectious mononucleosis,1 and may have a role in the development of Burkitt's lymphoma,2 n...
Effect of cocaine dependence on plasma phenylalanine and tyrosine levels and on urinary MHPG excretion
Authors: F S Tennant
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

Eight cocaine-dependent subjects had significantly lower urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol excretion than did eight normal control subjects. Cocaine-dependent subjects also had lower plasma tyrosine levels but not to a statistically significant degree.
SAT0551 Sensitivity of Chest Radiography in the Early Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis: is it Really Should be Done?
Authors: S. Kobak, G. Saydam, O. Ince, F. Sever
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease characterized by non-caseating granuloma. The conventional chest radiography has important role in the diagnosis, staging and follow-up of disease. Computed tomography is a second-line imaging method used to determine the extent, complications and diffrential diagnosis of sarcoidosis. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the sensitivity of coventional chest radiography in the early diagnosis of sarcoidosis and to compare with computed tomography (CT) imaging. <h3>Methods</h3> One hundred and nine sarcoidosis patients followed at a single center were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological data of all patients were recorded. Conventional chest radiography and computed tomography imaging taken at diagnosis were evaluated retrospectively independently from two radiologists and one rheumatologist. <h3>Results</h3> Among 109 patients eighty-one patients9 chest radiographies and CT imaging taken at the same center has been reached. Among 81sarcoidosis patients 23 (%28.4) were male, 58 (%71.6) were female. The mean patients age was 46.4year and the mean disease duration was 3.8year. Conventional chest radiography is regarded as normal at diagnosis in 30 patients (37%), while all of these patients had findings consistent with sarcoidosis on CT imaging. CT imaging are more sensitive than conventional chest radiography in the early diagnosis of sarcoidosis (p=0.001). Also CT imaging is more superior for detection of disease extent and complications. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this study, the sensitivity of conventional chest radiography who is accepted as the first-line imaging modality in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis were significantly lower when compared with CT imaging. The use of CT imaging is important for early diagnosis of sarcoidosis. The low sensitivity and specificity of conventional chest radiography is a condition that requires the discussion of this method. Multicenter prospective study are needed in this regard. <h3>References</h3> Traill ZC,Maskell GF, Gleeson FV. High-resolution CT findings ofpulmonary sarcoidosis. JRA m J Roentgenol 1997;168:1557–1560. Akira M, Kozuka T, Inoue Y, et al. Long-term follow-up CT scanevaluation in patient with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Chest 2005; 127:185-191. Baughman RP, Teirstein AS, Judson MA et al. Clinical characteristicsof patients in a case control study of sarcoidosis. Am J Respir CritCare Med 2001;164:1885-1889). Kirks DR, McCormick VD, Greenspan RH. Pulmonary sarcoidosis.Roentgenologic analysis of 150 patients. Am J Roentgenol RadiumTher Nucl Med 1973;117:777–786. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Potential Role for Hyaluronan and the Hyaluronan Receptor RHAMM in Mobilization and Trafficking of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells
Authors: Linda M. Pilarski, Eva Pruski, Juanita Wizniak, Darlene Paine, Karen Seeberger, Michael J. Mant, Christopher B. Brown, Andrew R. Belch
Journal: Blood (1999)
PTH-035 Dilated common bile duct, stone size and multiple stones are predictors of endoscopic papillary large volume balloon dilatation in the management of complex common bile duct stones
Authors: UI Aujla, HL Lee, EC Robinson, O Noorullah, L Dwyer, N Stern, S Hood, R Sturgess
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Endoscopic papillary large volume balloon dilatation (EPLVBD) has been used safely and effectively for stone removal in patients with complex common bile duct stones (CBDS). There remains a significant variation in practice particularly concerning the timing and preference to perform EPLVBD for removal of CBDS. <h3>Method</h3> A single large volume tertiary referral centre study looking at factors predictive of EPLVBD for biliary stone removal and safety outcomes using a prospectively collected procedural database together with an electronic hospital clinical record. All ERCP records were interrogated over a period of five years from Oct 2009 to Sep 2014. <h3>Results</h3> EPLVBD was performed in 202 patients (78 males and 124 females) with median age of 77 years (range 24–94). The main indication for performing ERCP was suspected biliary stone disease. 94(47%) patients had prior ERCP for stone disease and 108(54%) patients were undergoing their first ERCP. ERCP was performed predominantly under conscious sedation containing midazolam and fentanyl with median doses of 1.5mg (range 1.5–7) and 92.5 mcg (range 10–200) respectively. General anaesthesia was used in 34 patients. Median stone size was 10.09 mm (range 4–24) while median stone number was 2 (range 1–13). Distal, middle and proximal median common bile duct diameter were 10.68 mm (range 4–20), 13.37mm (range 9–28) and 12.66 mm (range 12–30) respectively. Median papillary balloon dilatation size was 15 mm (range 10–20). In 131 (65%) patients duct clearance was achieved with EPLVBD at first ERCP. In addition to EPLVBD, per-oral cholangioscopy (POC) and electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) was performed in 14 and mechanical lithotripsy in 20 patients. 71(35%) patients did not achieve duct clearance at first ERCP. This was despite using mechanical lithotripsy in 30/71. Duct clearance was achieved at subsequent ERCP with POC and EHL in 30; mechanical lithotripsy in 7; repeat sphincteroplasty in 4 and extraction balloon in 34 patients. 40 patients (20%) had ampullary and peri-ampullary diverticulum. 23/40 (57%) had endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) followed by EPLVBD at first ERCP without any complications. There were 2 cases of bleeding and pancreatitis (1%) each without any other procedural, sedation or anaesthesia related complications. <h3>Conclusion</h3> EPLVBD is a safe and effective technique used to extract bile duct stones. There is no difference in outcomes whether it is performed at the time of sphincterotomy or at a later procedure or whether there is a full or limited sphincterotomy. Dilated CBD, stone size and presence of multiple stones are strong predictors of EPLVBD for biliary stone extraction. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Self-induced water intoxication in schizophrenic patients
Authors: W O Smith, M L Clark
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

The authors report on 21 cases of self-induced water intoxication and cite 25 others in the literature. Three of their patients demonstrated at least temporary inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, 3 were receiving a diuretic, and the other 15 appeared to have "pure" water intoxication. Fifteen patients were receiving a psychotropic medication. Self-induced water intoxication appears to be more common in schizophrenic patients than is generally realized and should be suspected in any schizophrenic patient who develops convulsions or coma. Hyperdopaminergic CNS activity may be involved, and the authors suggest a possible mechanism similar to that for tardive dyskinesia.
Inclusion of the EXAMINE study in a meta-analysis of the addition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors to sulphonylureas and risk of hypoglycaemia
Authors: Denis Boucaud-Maitre
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The main eligibility criterion in Salvo and colleagues’ meta-analysis on the increased risk of hypoglycaemia was that trials studied the effect of adding one dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor or placebo to sulphonylureas.1

However, it is unclear why the EXAMINE study was included in this meta-analysis.2 This trial was a cardiovascular outcome study that compared alogliptin with placebo administered in …
Testosterone Propionate Therapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: I S GOLDENBERG
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Deaths caused by lung disease have not decreased over past decade, shows UK study
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The number of people dying from lung disease has barely changed in a decade, and rates of some lung conditions are far higher than previously thought, a comprehensive report from the British Lung Foundation has shown.1

The Battle for Breath, the Impact of Lung Disease in the UK has shown that lung disease kills 115 000 people each year. This figure has hardly changed over the past decade, whereas the number of deaths from heart disease reduced by 15% from 2008 to 2012. The United Kingdom has the fourth highest mortality rate from lung disease in Europe, with only Denmark, Hungary, …
Treatment of Laryngeal Cancer
Authors: T Sato
Journal: BMJ (1945)

From 1958 to 1984, 2000 patients with cancer of the larynx were treated in our clinic. Irradiation therapy of full dose was the treatment of first choice for T1 cancers. Partial laryngectomy was indicated for T2 cancers. For T3 and T4 cancers, total laryngectomy followed by the voice therapy of esophageal speech was performed. 10-year relative survival rate in total 2000 cases of laryngeal cancer was 74%.