tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Significance of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Expression in Pediatric Adrenocortical Tumors: A St. Jude and Children's Oncology Group Study
Authors: Emilia Modolo Pinto, Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, John Kim Choi, Stanley Pounds, Zhifa Liu, Geoffrey Neale, David Finkelstein, John M. Hicks, Alberto S. Pappo, Bonald C. Figueiredo, Raul C. Ribeiro, Gerard P. Zambetti
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Histologic markers that differentiate benign and malignant pediatric adrenocortical tumors are lacking. Previous studies have implicated an association of MHC class II expression with adrenocortical tumor prognosis. Here, we determined the expression of MHC class II as well as the cell of origin of these immunologic markers in pediatric adrenocortical tumor. The impact of MHC class II gene expression on outcome was determined in a cohort of uniformly treated children with adrenocortical carcinomas.We analyzed the expression of MHC class II and a selected cluster of differentiation genes in 63 pediatric adrenocortical tumors by Affymetrix Human U133 Plus 2.0 or HT HG-U133+PM gene chip analyses. Cells expressing MHC class II were identified by morphologic and immunohistochemical assays.MHC class II expression was significantly greater in adrenocortical adenomas than in carcinomas (P = 4.8 ×10-6) and was associated with a higher progression-free survival (PFS) estimate (P = 0.003). Specifically, HLA-DPA1 expression was most significantly associated with PFS after adjustment for tumor weight and stage. HLA-DPA1 was predominantly expressed by hematopoietic infiltrating cells and undetectable in tumor cells in 23 of 26 cases (88%).MHC class II expression, which is produced by tumor-infiltrating immune cells, is an indicator of disease aggressiveness in pediatric adrenocortical tumor. Our results suggest that immune responses modulate adrenocortical tumorigenesis and may allow the refinement of risk stratification and treatment for this disease. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6247-55. ©2016 AACR.
International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Comments on the American Society of Clinical Oncology Value Framework
Authors: Daniel C. Malone, Nancy S. Berg, Karl Claxton, Louis P. Garrison, Maarten IJzerman, Kevin Marsh, Peter J. Neumann, Mark Sculpher, Adrian Towse, Carin Uyl-de Groot, Milton C. Weinstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

As members of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, we read with great interest the new American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) conceptual framework to assess the value of cancer treatment options.1 We applaud the Value in Cancer Care Task Force for proposing a conceptual framework to support clinicians and patients in assessing the value of new cancer treatments. We acknowledge the challenges facing clinician–patient decision making, particularly concerning cancer treatments. Like ASCO, we recognize that the cost of treatments is increasingly being placed on patients through cost sharing and that engaging patients as part of making individual treatment decisions is of high importance. The ASCO framework highlights the growing tension among patients, insurance companies, and product manufacturers in a dynamic health care environment. In that light, the framework deserves a field test, and we look forward to seeing the outcome of that experience. We also appreciate the opportunity to offer comments and suggestions on the ASCO framework at this early stage, and our membership stands ready to support ASCO in future enhancements.
The Cherry Orchard
Authors: Edward Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Shortly after I had read Dr. Macdonald's appreciative essay on Anton Chekhov (229:1203, 1974), I happened on a chapter titled "Chekhov and the Theater of the Absurd," one of several literary essays by Joyce Carol Oates in her book,<i>The Edge of Impossibility</i>(New York, Fawcett World Library, 1973, p 104). Much of what seems stunning and<i>avant garde</i>in the last two decades of theater has been anticipated in both theory and practice by Chekhov. For instance, one has only to examine the central issues of<i>The Cherry Orchard</i>and<i>The Three Sisters</i>— the hopeless, comic-pathetic loss of a tradition and the futile longings for Moscow—to see how closely Chekhov is echoed in Beckett's<i>Waiting for Godot</i>and other works. So writes Ms. Oates, whose analysis should be welcome to both Dr. Macdonald and Dr. Chekhov.
<i>arbor bronchialis</i>: Anatomy in a Medical School Courtyard
Authors: Woods Nash
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Penicillin in the treatment of the syphilitic infant.
Authors: Rose Ek, Gyorgy P, Ingraham N
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (1946)

Summary   Thirty-six infants with congenital syphilis were treated with intramuscularpenicillin in dosages ranging from 11,000 to 75,000 units per pound of body weight over periods of seven to fifteen days.  Fifteen received total dosages of less than 20,000 units per pound of body weight, twenty-one received over 20,000 units per pound of body weight. When three older infants were removed from the lower dosage group, and the two groups were statistically comparable, there was no significant difference in results. The only case of clinical relapse, however, and three other cases meriting re-treatment, occurred in the low dosage group. The impression was that clinical improvement occurred more rapidly with the higher dosages.  Nineteen have become clinically well and seronegative.  Six became clinically, well, but remained seropositive. Three were seropositivewhen lost to follow-up at 74,59, and 81 days after beginning treatment, and two were clinically well but serologically doubtful. Four of these six patients were in the lower dosage group.  Seven died, five while hospitalized for penicillin therapy, two much later after initial clinical improvement.  Four have been treated too recently to evaluate beyond the prompt clinical improvement.  There was no case of serologic relapse in the whole group, and only oneclinical relapse, which was in the group receiving the lower dosage.
Histologic Changes in Strain C Mice Following Long-Term Ingestion of Thiouracil&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A. J. Dalton, H. P. Morris, M. J. Striebich, C. S. Dubnik
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1950)

Journal Article Histologic Changes in Strain C Mice Following Long-Term Ingestion of Thiouracil Get access A. J. Dalton, A. J. Dalton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. P. Morris, H. P. Morris Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. J. Striebich, M. J. Striebich Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. S. Dubnik C. S. Dubnik National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 11, Issue 2, October 1950, Pages 391–413, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/11.2.391 Published: 01 October 1950 Article history Received: 20 August 1950 Published: 01 October 1950
Is locked seclusion necessary for children under the age of 14?
Authors: T Antoinette, S Iyengar, J Puig-Antich
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

A retrospective study of the effect of the implementation of an unlocked seclusion policy was conducted on three child psychiatric inpatient units in a state hospital in Pennsylvania. Unlocked seclusion was associated with 1) increased use of tranquilizing medications administered as needed on all three units, 2) increased clustering of medications, administered as needed, in the units that used seclusion most, 3) diverse changes in the three units regarding frequency and clustering of unlocked seclusion, and 4) increased correlations between medications administered as needed and seclusion, particularly in the more behaviorally disturbed children. These findings suggest that locked seclusion may be a necessary therapeutic intervention, particularly with severely disturbed children with serious conduct and impulsive disorders.
RA-02DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED AND DYNAMIC CONTRAST-ENHANCED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AS MARKERS OF CLINICAL BEHAVIOUR IN PAEDIATRIC HIGH GRADE GLIOMAS
Authors: Fernando Carceller, Neil Jerome, Keiko Miyazaki, Matthew Orton, James d'Arcy, Toni Wallace, Lucas Moreno, Andrew Pearson, Lynley Marshall, Martin Leach, Stergios Zacharoulis, Dow-Mu Koh
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Expression Of CD25 Antigen On CD34+ Cells Is An Independent Predictor Of Survival In Late Stage MDS Patients Treated With Azacitidine
Authors: Ioannis Kotsianidis, Paraskevi Miltiades, Eleftheria Lamprianidou, Theodoros Vassilakopoulos, Sotirios G Papageorgiou, Athanasios G. Galanopoulos, Sofia Vakalopoulou, Vassilia Garypidou, Emmanouil Spanoudakis, Maria Papaioannou, Evdoxia Hadjiharissi, Helen A Papadaki, Costas Tsatalas
Journal: Blood (2013)
The Patient Package Insert
Authors: F. Gilbert McMahon
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as the government regulatory agency responsible for labeling prescription drugs for safe and effective use, has recently issued a patient package insert (PPI) which accompanies each package of prescribed oral contraceptives. Physicians need to be made aware that the FDA is proceeding to develop PPI's for many other prescription drugs. Some categories of drugs such as anticancer agents may not be required to have a PPI, but it is likely that PPIs will appear soon for the antihypertensives, digitalis, minor tranquilizers, and for other categories. The FDA is responding to pressure from legislative and consumer groups who are demanding that patients have "a right to know" more about medication doctors prescribe. The assumption is made that physicians are doing an inadequate job of instructing patients about possible adverse drug effects. In some hospitals, the clinical pharmacist is assuming more and more of a role
Pulmonary Carcinoma Revealed at Necropsy, with Reference to Increasing Incidence in the Los Angeles County Hospital&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Paul E. Steiner, M. D., E. M. Butt, M. D., Hugh A. Edmondson, M. D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1950)

Pulmonary Carcinoma Revealed at Necropsy, with Reference to Increasing Incidence in the Los Angeles County Hospital Get access Paul E. Steiner, M. D., Paul E. Steiner, M. D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. M. Butt, M. D., E. M. Butt, M. D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hugh A. Edmondson, M. D. Hugh A. Edmondson, M. D. Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill., the Los Angeles County Hospital, and the Department of Pathology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, Calif. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 11, Issue 3, December 1950, Pages 497–510, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/11.3.497 Published: 01 December 1950 Article history Received: 28 September 1950 Published: 01 December 1950
Irritable bowel syndrome and psychiatric illness
Authors: E A Walker, P P Roy-Byrne, W J Katon
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

Psychiatric illnesses such as mood, anxiety, and somatization disorders share many common features with irritable bowel syndrome. The authors review recent developments in the definition of irritable bowel syndrome and its relationship to psychiatric illness, discuss the diagnostic validity of irritable bowel syndrome from several perspectives, and offer a pathophysiological model of irritable bowel syndrome that integrates many of the biological and psychosocial findings of earlier studies. Psychiatric evaluation appears to be an important factor in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
Antibiotics, birth mode, and diet shape microbiome maturation during early life
Authors: Nicholas A. Bokulich, Jennifer Chung, Thomas Battaglia, Nora Henderson, Melanie Jay, Huilin Li, Arnon D. Lieber, Fen Wu, Guillermo I. Perez-Perez, Yu Chen, William Schweizer, Xuhui Zheng, Monica Contreras, Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello, Martin J. Blaser
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2016)

A longitudinal study of intestinal microbiota in children and their mothers shows that antibiotics, cesarean section, and infant formula alter patterns of microbial acquisition and succession during the first 2 years of childhood.
A profile of Asian-American psychiatrists
Authors: L S Sata
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

Of 367 respondents to a survey of Asian-American members of the American Psychiatric Association, fewer than 16% were American-born U.S. medical graduates, and 41% of the patients treated by this sample were minority group members. These findings have important implications for training. Asian psychiatrists have recently emerged as the largest visible multiethnic minority group within American psychiatry, and increased attention to this group may lead to its more appropriate utilization in this country.
Iron Metabolism and Organ Weights of Rats With Turpentine Inflammation
Authors: Ralph F. Kampschmidt, Wilma L. Goodwin, Mabelle A. Mayne
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1960)

Journal Article Iron Metabolism and Organ Weights of Rats With Turpentine Inflammation Get access Ralph F. Kampschmidt, Ralph F. Kampschmidt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wilma L. Goodwin, Wilma L. Goodwin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mabelle A. Mayne Mabelle A. Mayne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 24, Issue 3, March 1960, Pages 673–678, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/24.3.673 Published: 01 March 1960 Article history Received: 24 July 1959 Published: 01 March 1960
HG-106A NOVEL TOOL TO PREDICT THE SURVIVAL OF DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMA PATIENTS: EXTERNAL VALIDATION OF THE SURVIVAL PREDICTION MODEL USING THE INTERNATIONAL DIPG REGISTRY
Authors: S.E.M. Veldhuijzen van Zanten, J. Baugh, B. Chaney, A. Lane, M.W. Heijmans, L.M. Hoffman, R. Doughman, M.H. Jansen, E. Sanchez, W.P. Vandertop, G.J.L. Kaspers, D.G. van Vuurden, M. Fouladi, J. Leach, B. Jones
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Human Fibroblast Chromatin States as Effectors of the DNA-Binding Characteristics of Benzo[a]pyrene anti-7,8-Dihydrodiol 9,10-Epoxide and Two Nonalkylating DNA-Binding Molecules2
Authors: Margaret R. Warner, Philip Iannaccone, William E. Fahl
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Pure populations of mitotic or nonmitotic diploid human fibroblasts (greater than 98% pure) were exposed to [3H]benzo [a]pyrene (CAS: 50-32-8) anti-7,8-dihydrodiol 9,10-epoxide: r-7,t-8 dihydroxy-t-9, 10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo [a]pyrene (or anti-diol-epoxide). In addition, metaphase chromosomes, interphase chromatin, or naked DNA was isolated from the pure cell populations and then titrated to saturation with anti-diol-epoxide, chromomycin A3, or 3,8-diamino-5-ethyl-6-phenylphenanthridinium bromide (ethidium bromide). At saturation, anti-diol-epoxide had covalently modified 1.5% of the total deoxyguanosine residues in naked DNA, and this was reduced to 29 and 15% of this level in saturating the available anti-diol-epoxide-binding sites in chromosomes or chromatin, respectively. A similar hierarchy of accessible binding sites (naked DNA greater than chromosomes greater than chromatin) was also observed for the noncovalent interaction of chromomycin A3 or ethidium bromide with the human cell DNA. Deproteinization of the chromosome or chromatin preparations returned the level of drug binding to that seen with naked DNA. The results clarify the association between proteins and DNA in human chromatin and suggest how cell-cycle-dependent changes in DNA-associated proteins or higher-order changes in protein-DNA conformation can act to alter the access of molecules to DNA-binding sites.
LG-63MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY TECTAL LOW-GRADE GLIOMA (LGG) IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS: RESULTS OF THE MULTICENTER TREATMENT STUDY SIOP-LGG 2004
Authors: Ariane Kaufmann, Nicolas U. Gerber, Daniela Kandels, Rene Schmidt, Monika Warmuth-Metz, Torsten Pietsch, Rolf-Dieter Kortmann, Astrid Gnekow, Michael A. Grotzer
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Summary of Notifiable Noninfectious Conditions and Disease Outbreaks: Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Employed Adults — United States, 1994–2012
Authors: Walter A. Alarcon, State Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015)

Overexposure to inorganic lead continues to be an important problem worldwide.The reduction of lead in the U.S. environment, largely accomplished through effective EPA regulatory efforts, has resulted in lowering the overall geometric mean whole blood lead level (BLL) for the general population in the United States from approximately 13 µg/dL (0.63 µmol/L) in the 1970s to less than 2 µg/dL (0.10 µmol/L) (CDC 2005;NCHS 1984).Lead exposure remains a significant public health and medical concern for thousands of children and adults exposed primarily through remaining lead-based paint in older housing stock as well as to workplace exposures, although other sources occur.For children and adults, the role of environmental investigation, identification and reduction or elimination of sources of exposure remains of primary importance.While the clinical care of lead-exposed children has been well established in the pediatric and public health communities, similar clinical recommendations for adults have not been widely available.
Evaluation of Cervical Spine Clearance by Computed Tomographic Scan Alone in Intoxicated Patients With Blunt Trauma
Authors: Lisa Bush, Robert Brookshire, Breanna Roche, Amelia Johnson, Frederic Cole, Riyad Karmy-Jones, William Long, Matthew J. Martin
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Current trauma guidelines dictate that the cervical spine should not be cleared in intoxicated patients, resulting in prolonged immobilization or additional imaging. Modern computed tomography (CT) technology may obviate this and allow for immediate clearance. <h3>Objective</h3> To analyze cervical spine clearance practices and the utility of CT scans of the cervical spine in intoxicated patients with blunt trauma. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> We performed a prospective observational study of 1668 patients with blunt trauma aged 18 years and older who underwent cervical spine CT scans from March 2014 to March 2015 at an American College of Surgeons–verified Level I trauma center. Intoxication was determined by serum alcohol levels and urine drug screens. Physical examination and CT scan findings were evaluated for cervical spine injuries (CSI) and the incidence of missed injuries. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Clinically relevant CSIs requiring cervical stabilization. The hypotheses formed prior to data collection were that cervical CT scans are sensitive and specific enough to diagnose CSIs that require stabilization and that normal CT scans are sufficient to clear CSIs in intoxicated patients. <h3>Results</h3> Of 1668 patients, 1103 (66.1%) were male, with a mean (SD) age of 49 (20) years and a mean (SD) Injury Severity Score of 10 (9). Vehicular (734 [44.0%]) and falls (579 [34.7%]) were the most common mechanisms for hospitalization. Intoxication was identified in 632 of 1429 of patients tested (44.2%; 425 [29.7%] by serum alcohol levels and 350 [24.5%] by urine drug screens). Half (316 [50.0%]) were admitted with cervical spine immobilization, and 38 (12%) of these were solely owing to the presence of intoxication. There were 65 abnormal CT scans (10.3%) in the intoxicated group. Among 567 normal CT scans, 4 (0.7%) had central cord syndrome found on initial physical examination, and 1 (0.2%) had a symptomatic unstable ligament injury that was misread as normal on CT scan but was abnormal on magnetic resonance imaging. The 316 patients kept in a cervical collar for intoxication had no missed CSIs but were kept immobilized for a mean (SD) of 12 (19) hours. Computed tomographic scans had an overall negative predictive value of 99.2% for patients with CSIs and a negative predictive value of 99.8% for ruling out CSIs that required immobilization or stabilization. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this study, alcohol or drug intoxication was common and resulted in significant delays to cervical spine clearance. Computed tomographic scans were highly reliable for identifying all clinically significant CSIs. Spine clearance based on a normal CT scan among intoxicated patients with no gross motor deficits appears to be safe and avoids prolonged and unnecessary immobilization.
Changing patterns of psychiatry specialty certification in the English- speaking countries
Authors: D G Langsley
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

Specialty certification is not a static process but is developing and changing. The author reviews traditional and current patterns of examinations given in English-speaking countries and reports recent concerns and criticisms of the certification process. New developments in the United States include the audiovisual examination, changes in the neurology examination, and institution of examiner training. In Canada there is a heavy emphasis on improving multiple-choice questions and using examiner training. The United Kingdom is experimenting with audiovisual techniques. Australasia is increasing the length of its training programs. Recent research by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology includes concordance studies, the relationship between residency training and Board performance, and feedback techniques.