tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: W H COLE
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Decreased left frontal lobe N-acetylaspartate in schizophrenia
Authors: R F Deicken, L Zhou, F Corwin, S Vinogradov, M W Weiner
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

The authors measured N-acetylaspartate (a putative neuronal marker), using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H-MRSI), in the frontal lobes of schizophrenic patients and normal subjects.Frontal lobe 1H-MRSI was performed bilaterally on 24 medicated schizophrenic patients and 15 healthy comparison subjects. Levels of N-acetylaspartate, creatine, and choline were determined.Relative to the comparison group, the patients with schizophrenia demonstrated significantly lower levels of N-acetylaspartate in the left frontal lobe. There was no association between level of N-acetylaspartate and duration of illness or medication dosage. No differences between groups or lateralized asymmetries in choline or creatine were noted.This preliminary study provides support for decreased N-acetylaspartate in the left frontal lobe in schizophrenia and neuronal dysfunction in this brain region.
A study of attitudes toward menarche in white middle-class American adolescent girls
Authors: L Whisnant, L Zegans
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

Material from interviews with 35 premenarcheal and postmenarcheal girls suggests that menarche is an emotional event related to the adolescent girl's emerging identity as an adult woman, her newly acquired ability to reproduce, and her changing relationship with her mother. However, our culture tends to ignore the affective importance of menarche and instead conveys the view that it is a hygienic crisis. The authors suggest the need for developing a socially and culturally appropriate substitute to serve the emotional function that more primitive societies have met with social rituals, thus meeting the psychological needs of the young adolescent girl.
SAT0020 A Role for P38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) in Gliostatin Production in Rheumatoid Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes
Authors: K. Ikuta, Y. Waguri-Nagaya, N. Tatematsu, Y. Kawaguchi, T. Terazawa, M. Kobayashi, M. Aoyama, K. Asai, T. Otsuka
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) play a key role in joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Gliostatin (GLS) has thymidine phosphorylase activity and is produced in the synovial tissue of RA patients. We have previously reported its angiogenic and arthritogenic activities. <h3>Objectives</h3> This study aimed to investigate whether p38 MAPK signalling played a role in GLS gene expression in RA. We also studied the effect of cycloheximide on GLS production in RA FLSs. Since GLS production by cultured FLSs was enhanced by TNFα and IL-1β, we postulated that the NF-κB-p38 MAPK cascade could modulate the expression of GLS genes. <h3>Methods</h3> FLSs were cultured from synovial specimens obtained from 10 RA patients during total knee arthroplasty. The effects of TNFα and various enzyme inhibitors on GLS expression in these cells were measured using real-time PCR for mRNA expression and ELISAs for protein expression. <h3>Results</h3> TNFα significantly induced GLS mRNA expression and protein synthesis in RA FLSs. The p38 MAPK inhibitors SB203580 and SB202190 both significantly suppressed the enhanced production of GLS induced by TNFα. However mitogen- activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) 1/2 inhibitor, PD98059, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, SP600125, and NF-κB inhibitor, SN50, did not suppress GLS production. Pre-treatment with cycloheximide, to inhibit protein synthesis, reduced the expression of GLS mRNA in a dose-dependent manner in TNFα-treated FLSs. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results showed that RA FLSs expressed GLS after treatment with TNFα and this was blocked by p38MAPK inhibitors. The induction of GLS mRNA required de novo protein synthesis. <h3>References</h3> Waguri Y, et al. Gliostatin/platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor as a clinical marker of rheumatoid arthritis and its regulation in fibroblast like synoviocytes. Br J Rheumatol 1997; 36: 315-321. Ikuta K, et al. The Sp1 transcription factor is essential for the expression of gliostatin/thymidine phosphorylase in rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012; 14:R87 <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> This research was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (26462309) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> K. Ikuta: None declared, Y. Waguri-Nagaya Grant/research support from: Biomet Japan, Inc, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Astellas Pharma Inc., Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Co., AbbVie Japan Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., N. Tatematsu: None declared, Y. Kawaguchi: None declared, T. Terazawa: None declared, M. Kobayashi: None declared, M. Aoyama: None declared, K. Asai: None declared, T. Otsuka: None declared
PROTECTIVE INOCULATION AGAINST TYPHOID FEVER.
Authors: M W Richardson
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Control of an Outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in a Tertiary Hospital in Korea
Authors: Ga Eun Park, Jae-Hoon Ko, Kyong Ran Peck, Ji Yeon Lee, Ji Yong Lee, Sun Young Cho, Young Eun Ha, Cheol-In Kang, Ji-Man Kang, Yae-Jean Kim, Hee Jae Huh, Chang-Seok Ki, Nam Yong Lee, Jun Haeng Lee, Ik Joon Jo, Byeong-Ho Jeong, Gee Young Suh, Jinkyeong Park, Chi Ryang Chung, Jae-Hoon Song, Doo Ryeon Chung
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

In 2015, a large outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) occurred in the Republic of Korea. Half of the cases were associated with a tertiary care university hospital.
Abstract 1: Hypoxia-Induced Decrease In Cardiac Stem Cell Proliferation Is Associated With Downregulation Of Sirtuin 1
Authors: Michael Bellio, Claudia O Rodrigues, Victoria Florea, Wayne Balkan, Joshua M Hare, Ivonne H Schulman
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) produces severe hypoxia within regions of the myocardium, resulting in the formation of scar tissue and significant cardiac cell death. Adult hearts contain endogenous cardiac stem cells (CSCs) that have regenerative capacity and participate in myocardial tissue homeostasis and repair post-MI, but are insufficient to promote complete regeneration. The histone deacetylase Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) likely mediates this hypoxia-induced decrease in regeneration via roles in cell cycle progression and conferring protection from senescence and oxidative damage. Hypothesis: Hypoxia decreases CSC proliferation through reduced SIRT1-mediated deacetylation. Methods and Results: Murine CSCs were grown at room air (21% O2), physiologic (5% O2), and ischemic hypoxic (0.5% O2) conditions for 72 hours. Ischemic hypoxia, but not physiologic, reduced CSC proliferation and DNA synthesis to 25±2.0% (N=3; p&lt;0.05) and 54±7.0% (N=7; p&lt;0.05), respectively, relative to cells grown in room air. SIRT1 protein expression was decreased by 58±10.0% (N=4; p&lt;0.05) and acetylation of Histone H3 Lys9 (2.4-fold; N=5; p&lt;0.05) and p53 Lys379 (1.64-fold; N=4; p&lt;0.05) were increased after 72 hours of growth in 0.5% compared to 21% O2. However, SIRT1 mRNA transcripts remained unchanged. Furthermore, SIRT1 protein was 59±6.0% less stable (N=4; p&lt;0.05) following 8 hours of cyclohexamide treatment in CSCs exposed to 0.5% O2 for 72 hours compared to CSCs exposed to 21% O2. SIRT1 knockdown by RNA interference significantly reduced proliferation of CSCs grown in room air (N=3 and, p&lt;0.05), similar to that observed in un-transfected cells grown under ischemic hypoxia conditions. Conclusion: The decrease in CSC proliferation with hypoxia is in part due to a reduction in SIRT1 protein stability. These results suggest that SIRT1 expression is regulated post-translationally and support a role for SIRT1 in preserving CSC self-renewal under hypoxic conditions.
Coffee consumption among psychiatric inpatients
Authors: D K Winstead
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

Of 135 patients on an acute psychiatric ward, 34 were "high users" of coffee. The high users tended to be older, single, and have diagnoses of psychosis. They showed significantly more state anxiety than other patients, but there were no differences in trait anxiety or MMPI scores. Further research is suggested to determine whether high caffeine consumption among inpatients may be related to staff coffee-drinking behavior and/or treatment with anticholinergic drugs.
PTH-310 Does laparoscopic surgery reduce the incidence of surgical site infections compared to open surgery for colorectal procedures: systematic review and meta analysis
Authors: NV Kulkarni, T Arulampalam
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Laparoscopic surgery has definite potential advantages compared to open surgery in colorectal procedures like smaller wounds, less post operative pain, earlier recovery and discharge. Surgical site infections (SSI) are a considerable burden for the healthcare community. They are the commonest health care acquired infections and increase the morbidity and mortality of surgical procedures significantly. This meta analysis was carried out to assess if laparoscopic surgery reduces the incidence of surgical site infections compared to open surgery for colorectal procedures. <h3>Method</h3> A thorough electronic search was conducted and relevant journals and articles were also hand searched. Randomised controlled trials published since 2000 and comparing outcomes after laparoscopic and open colorectal surgery were included in the review. Operative procedures for a range of colorectal pathologies including colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease and FAP were included in the analysis. Revman 5.2 was used for statistical analysis. Data were pooled and the results were shown as risk ratio with 95% confidence intervals using the fixed methods model. <h3>Results</h3> 16 randomised controlled trials were included in the analysis and represented 5797 patients. Analysis showed a statistically significant lower wound infection rate (Risk ratio: 0.72, 95% Confidence intervals: 0.60, 0.88, P = 0.001) and statistically insignificant lower abdominal abscess formation rate (Risk ratio: 0.88, 95% confidence intervals: 0.62, 1.27, P = 0.51). On combining both the wound infections and abdominal abscesses, a statistically significant lower surgical site infection rate (Risk ratio: 0.76, 95% confidence intervals: 0.64, 0.90, P = 0.001) was deduced. <h3>Conclusion</h3> SSI is a major burden on the healthcare system. They are the commonest forms of healthcare acquired infections and put a significant strain on hospital and community resources. The estimated cost to the NHS on reoperations, wound dressings, nursing care and medications is approximately 1 billion every year. There are additional costs of social care, community support and loss of work. This meta analysis has shown that laparoscopic surgery reduces the incidence of SSI in colorectal procedures compared to open surgery. Obviously the benefits in terms of health as well as economic benefits will be immense. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
THU0261 Contribution of Imaging in Infectious Spondylodiscitis (About 78 Cases)
Authors: Z. Alaya, N. El Amri, K. Baccouche, H. Zaghouani, S. Belghali, D. Amri, H. Zeglaoui, E. Bouajina
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Infectious spondylodiscitis is an infection of the intervertebral disc and the adjacent vertebral bodies. Imaging has a key role in the diagnosis orientation, lesions assessment and bacteriological investigation. <h3>Objectives</h3> The objective of this study was to provide an overview of the radiological features of infectious spondylodiscitis. <h3>Methods</h3> This is a retrospective study of 78 cases of infectious spondylodiscitis collected in the Department of Rheumatology over a period of 16 years [1998-2014]. The diagnosis was made based on clinical, biological, radiological and bacteriological arguments. <h3>Results</h3> Seventy eight patients were included. Our population consists of 50 men (64.1%) and 28 women (35.9%) with a mean age of 59.2 years [18-84 years]. Inflammatory low back pain, fever and deterioration of the general status were the most common symptoms. Neurological impairment was objectified in 55.9% of cases. Inflammatory biological syndrome was present in 89.7% of cases. Spondylodiscites was suspected according to X-ray findings in 59 cases, showing disc space narrowing and irregularity of the end-plates. MRI and spinal CT performed respectively in 76.9% of cases and 47.4% of cases showed an epiduritis in 52.6%, paravertebral abscess formation in 34.6%, and an epidural abscess in 14.2% of cases. CT- guided disco vertebral biopsy was performed in 56% of cases leading to the diagnosis in 27% of cases. The lumbar region was the most common affected (66.6%) followed by dorsal spine (26.9%) and cervical spine (8.5%). Spondylodiscitis was multifocal in 7.7% of cases and multistage in 11.5% of cases. MRI showed spinal cord compression in 15.4% of cases which was symptomatic in 9% of cases. Germs responsible of spondylodiscitis were tuberculosis in 44.9%, brucellosis in 20.5% of cases and pyogenic bacteria in 29.5% of cases. All patients underwent adapted antibiotics. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Imaging has an important role in the diagnosis of infectious spondylodiscitis. MRI is considered as the imaging technique of choice in infectious spondylodiscitis which can provide a mapping of the lesions and detects potentially serious neurological complications. The importance of whole spine imaging should be also underlined especially in case of multifocal infectious spondylodiscitis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Use of FDG-PET (PET) to select patients for metastasectomy for high-grade soft tissue sarcomas (HG-STS)
Authors: S. Aliberti, P. Allione, G. Grignani, F. Carnevale Schianca, M. Fizzotti, D. Rota Scalabrini, D. Caravelli, F. Russo, S. Debernardi, M. Aglietta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

10596 Background: In sarcomas, particularly for lung presentation, there is a general consensus to metastasectomy if complete surgery is foreseeable on the basis of accurate imaging. Recently, PET has become a validated tool to improve staging in other neoplasms. Lung cancer experience with PET made thoracic surgeons unwilling to entail thoracotomy unless PET confirms the uniqueness of HG-STS metastases. We evaluated our prospective database to study the role of PET in modifying eligibility to surgery in HG-STS metastatic patients. Methods: Between January 2004 and June 2007, thirty-one subjects (median age 57.4) with HG-STS were candidates to surgical removal of their metastases (lung 24 pts, liver 4 pts, soft tissue 3 pts). After a preliminary CT (helical scanner), all patients underwent a PET (CT-PET). Eligibility criteria to metastasectomy were as follows: absence of other metastatic sites, < 4 lung nodules, unique hepatic nodule or metastatic lymph node. A test was considered accurate if no further metastases were detected in the 6-months following surgery. Results: Nine patients showed FDG-uptake in sites other than the metastasis previously identified by CT. The follow-up confirmed all other lesions were metastases, but one. The clinical decision making was modified in 8 patients who did not undergo surgery because of further metastases. PET sensitivity and specificity were 95% and 89%, respectively. The average cost (NHS) of uncomplicated thoracic metastasectomy and of a PET is 40,000 and 1,600 euros, respectively. Conclusions: This series suggests an appealing accuracy and cost-benefit ratio to use PET as a tool to identify patients with completely resectable metastases in HG-STS. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 5587: Personalized risk prediction tool for esophageal adenocarcinoma in Caucasian population
Authors: Xia Pu, Jaffer A. Ajani, Jian Gu, Xiangjun Gu, Yuanqing Ye, Xifeng Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Backgrounds: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a deadly disease with the greatest increasing incidence rate among all cancers in the past few decades in the U.S. We aimed to develop a powerful risk prediction tool for EAC to assist in the prevention and early detection of this disease. Methods: A large case control study consisting of 924 EAC patients with 925 frequency-matched healthy controls was used to identify potential risk factors for EAC by univariate logistic regression. Stepwise logistic regression was used to select significant predictors in the final multivariate model. Discriminatory accuracy was measured by generating the receiver operator curve (ROC) and calculating the area under the curve (AUC). We also calculated the 5-year and 10-year absolute risk of developing EAC for hypothetical individuals with varying risk factor combinations. A simplified risk score (RS) was developed for easier risk communications and disseminations. Results: BMI, physical activity, smoking, family history, dietary intake, exposure to exhaust, Barrett's esophagus, hernia, esophageal ulcer, and GERD were included in the final model. The discriminative ability is excellent AUC of 0.884. Individuals with the highest RS have a 99% chance to be EAC cases compared to 1.4% for those with the lowest RS. Conclusions: We developed a comprehensive risk prediction model for EAC with excellent model performance. This model has the potential to be utilized in the clinic and public health settings to provide evidence-based risk mitigation strategy and identify high-risk population for targeted screening or prevention trials and for early detection of EAC. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Xia Pu, Jaffer A. Ajani, Jian Gu, Xiangjun Gu, Yuanqing Ye, Xifeng Wu. Personalized risk prediction tool for esophageal adenocarcinoma in Caucasian population. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5587. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5587
Synthesis of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives as mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and cytotoxic agents
Authors: Jiyu Li, Dian He, Baitao Wang, Ling Zhang, Kun Li, Qinjian Xie, Lifang Zheng
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2016)

In order to develop agents with superior chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties against hepatocellular carcinomas, mitochondria-targeted hydroxycinnamic acids (MitoHCAs) were synthesized by conjugation with a triphenylphosphonium cation. These synthetic compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activities in hepatic mitochondria, including against OH∙− and ROO∙− induced lipid peroxidation. H2O2 production was decreased significantly by increasing glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities. In addition, cell proliferation data from three cell lines (HepG2, L02 and WI38) indicated that the MitoHCAs were selective for cancer cells. Interestingly, the MitoHCAs both with or without Ca2+ triggered mitochondrial dysfunction by inducing mitochondrial swelling, collapsing the mitochondrial membrane potential and causing cytochrome c release. In particular, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), cyclosporin A, attenuated mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis, indicating that mPTP may be involved in the antiproliferative activity of MitoHCAs. Further studies focused on structural optimization of these compounds are onging.
In search of the biopsychosocial perspective: an experiment with beginning medical students
Authors: D Silverman, N Gartrell, M Aronson, M Steer, S Edbril
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

The authors assessed the clinical thinking of medical students before, during, and after their first extensive in-hospital learning experience and exposure to physician role models. They found that more than 90% of the students' requests for additional data in response to videotaped simulated patient interviews were for biologic information; approximately 66% of all respondents in six separate trials failed to request a single psychological or social item concerning the patient. The authors discuss the pervasiveness of the biomedical rather than the biopsychosocial mentality and its implications for medical education as well as clinical teaching, decision making, and practice.
Impact of peanut consumption in the LEAP Study: Feasibility, growth, and nutrition
Authors: Mary Feeney, George Du Toit, Graham Roberts, Peter H. Sayre, Kaitie Lawson, Henry T. Bahnson, Michelle L. Sever, Suzana Radulovic, Marshall Plaut, Gideon Lack, Susan Chan, Adam Fox, Mable Abraham, Muhsinah Adam, Lyn Clough, Louise Coverdale, Helen Fisher, Fiona Henley, Saadia Hussain, Victoria Johnston, Amy Nixon, Una O'Dwyer-Leeson, Aine Sheridan, Tammy Amarra, Kathryn Cockerell, Sarah Lacey, Gail Harland, Charlotte Stedman, Ruth Towell, Monica Basting, Catherine Clarke, Richard Cleaver, Gemma Deutsch, Erica Harris, Lori Nirenstein, Alicia Parr, Natalia Becares, Matthew Crossley, Natalia do Couto Francisco, Kerry Richards, Deeviya Patel, Ewa Pietraszewicz, Alick Stephens, Asha Sudra, Rianne Wester, Alastair Wilson, Celine Wu, Jenna Heath, Kathryn Hersee, Devi Patkunam, Michael Adamkiewicz, Adam Asare, Eduard Chani, Judith Evind, Kristina Harris, Noha Lim, Nariman Nasser, Audrey Plough, Jennifer Romaine, Michael Stahly, Joy Laurienzo Panza, Susan McCachren, Travis Mason, Valerie Nelson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)