tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 394: Development of a fully human immune system in NOD/SCID/IL2Rgamma (NSG) mice for oncology research purpose
Authors: Jean-François Mirjolet, Marc Hillairet de Boisferon, Francis Bichat, Carole Fages, Robert Matyas
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Humanized mice are a promising translational research model for evaluation of pharmacological compounds efficacy and safety in Oncology. Their use has been enhanced by the development of new stocks of immunodeficient hosts, most notably mouse strain such as NOD-scid/IL2rγ null mice (NSG). As previously described (L. Schultz et al, J. Immunol. 2005) the NSG mice could also be successfully humanized after engraftment of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). NSG mice have also been shown to be superior to other immunodeficient mice (BALB/c nu/nu, NOD/Shi-scid) for xenograft of tumour material. These models are particularly needed in preclinical development where there is no appropriate small animal model combining the human immune system and human tumour. Methods: Freshly collected umbilical cord blood (UCB) samples were provided by the “établissement français du sang, EFS” following the French ethical rules. The UCB were selected for their HSC CD34+ content and T cells depleted before being intracardiacally injected in whole body irradiated newborn NSG mice. The reconstitution of a human immune system within mouse was analyzed in peripheral blood and in primary and secondary lymphoid organs (bone marrow, spleen and thymus) using a 7-color FACS analysis. The mice were then xenografted with tumour cell lines, fresh primary human solid tumours and haematological malignancies to combine the development of human cancer and human immune system within the same mouse. Results and conclusions: Fifteen weeks after stem cells injection, the peripheral blood contains about 50% of human leukocytes distributed as followed: about 50% of T lymphocytes, about 40% of B lymphocytes, about few percent of monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, natural killer cells and platelets. At same time, the central chimerism within lymphoid organs for human leucocytes has represented about 80%, 85% and 95% in bone marrow, spleen and thymus cells, respectively. This NSG mouse model opens new in vivo perspectives to study the complex relationships between the human immune system and human tumour cells under therapeutic treatments with biologics (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, antitumour vaccination strategies . . .). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 394.
Abstract 1547: Tumor-derived macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and interleukin-6 cooperated in hypoxic accumulation of CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid cells.
Authors: Guiquan Zhu, Yaling Tang, Ling Li, Xinhua Liang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Recently, myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have gained much attention due to their role in tumor immunity suppression as well as promotion of angiogenesis, tumor cell invasion, and metastases. However, the mechanisms that regulate MDSCs recruitment have not been well clarified. Here, we demonstrated that hypoxic tumor microenvironment stimulate the recruitment of MDSCs through increased production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. Knock-down (KD) of HIF-1/2α in HNSCC cells decreased MIF level but did not inhibit the MDSCs migration, because HIF-1/2α KD increased NF-κB activity which further enhanced IL-6 secretion. In vivo administration of neutralizing IL-6 antibody and inhibitors against MIF and NF-κB decreased MDSCs accumulation, accompanied by reduced micro-vessel density (MVD), lymphatic vessel density (LVD), and xenograft tumor growth. The supplementation of MDSCs increased MVD, LVD, and xenograft tumor growth. In conclusion, hypoxic HNSCC cells may stimulate the accumulation of MDSCs through secreting MIF and IL-6. This process is mediated by interactions between NF-κB and HIF-1/2α. Strategies targeting hypoxic tumor microenvironment may represent attractive approaches to HNSCC therapy. [G Zhu and Y Tang contributed equally to this paper.] Citation Format: Guiquan Zhu, Yaling Tang, Ling Li, Xinhua Liang. Tumor-derived macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and interleukin-6 cooperated in hypoxic accumulation of CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1547. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1547
Hazards Attending the Use of Esophageal Tamponade
Authors: Harold O. Conn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THE Sengstaken-Blakemore tube is widely used in the management of hemorrhage from esophageal varices.1 2 3 Several authors have mentioned specific complications encountered during the use of esophageal tamponade.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 These have ranged from difficulty in insertion of the tube5 to fatal obstruction of the airway.4 , 6 Others have noted mechanical defects of the apparatus,4 mucosal ulcerations of the esophagus and nose2 , 3 , 6 7 8 9 and aspiration pneumonia.2 , 8 Although one publication has been devoted solely to a discussion of these complications,6 it is generally believed that these difficulties are not common.Experience with the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube at the Grace-New Haven Community Hospital suggested that these complications are . . .
AB0330 Long-term administration of tocilizumab increases the structural remission rate year by year and continuously inhibits radiographic progression: 3 year results from michinoku tocilizumab study group
Authors: R. Watanabe, H. Okuno, T. Ishii, H. Harigae, Y. Hirabayashi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The inhibition of radiographic progression is one of the important therapeutic goals in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Tocilizumab (TCZ) is a humanized anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody and it has been reported that it effectively inhibits radiographic progression over 1 year. However, there are few reports about efficacy of longer term administration. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study is to assess the long-term efficacy of treatment with TCZ on radiographic progression in patients with RA under routine clinical practice. <h3>Methods</h3> The Michinoku Tocilizumab Study Group comprises 34 institutions in the Northeast region of Japan. RA patients who received 8 mg/kg TCZ every 4 weeks were registered between June 2008 and December 2010 [1]. Among them, the clinical and structural outcomes were evaluated in 130 patients who passed over 1 year including 50 patients who passed over 3 years. <h3>Results</h3> At baseline, the mean age of 130 (50) patients was 59.7 (58.0) years, the mean disease duration was 10.8 (10.9) years, the mean DAS28-ESR was 4.8 (4.8), and 37.7 (36.0) % of patients were taking concomitant MTX. At one year, the mean change from baseline in van der Heijde-modified total Sharp score (mTSS) was 0.79 (0.57), and the structural remission rate (ΔmTSS≤0.5) was 69.2 (68.6) %. Neither disease duration nor concomitant MTX affected the structural remission rate at one year. The structural remission rate for 3 years (ΔmTSS≤1.5) was 66.0%, however, the mean change from 1 to 2 years in mTSS was 0.10, and that from 2 to 3 years was 0.02. Consistent with the yearly progression, the structural remission rate from 1 to 2 years was 78.6%, and that from 2 to 3 years was 88.9%, indicating that TCZ strongly and continuously inhibited radiographic progression. <h3>Image/graph</h3> <h3>Conclusions</h3> Long-term administration of TCZ increased the structural remission rate year by year and continuously inhibited structural joint damage in RA patients under routine clinical practice. <h3>References</h3> Hirabayashi Y, Ishii T, and the Michinoku Tocilizumab Study Group. The DAS28-ESR cutoff value necessary to achieve remission under the new Boolean-based remission criteria in patients receiving tocilizumab. Clin Rheumatol. DOI 10.1007/s10067-012-2103-4. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> R. Watanabe: None Declared, H. Okuno: None Declared, T. Ishii Speakers bureau: Chugai Pharma, H. Harigae Grant/research support from: Chugai Pharma, Y. Hirabayashi Speakers bureau: Chugai Pharma
Abstract 5240: Breast cancer in the metastatic niche: A role for stress-induced dormancy
Authors: Donald P. Taylor, Alan Wells
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Breast cancer dormancy in the metastatic site allows tumors to avoid clinical detection and evade treatment leading to recurrence after years or decades, with devastating mortality rates. How the aggressive carcinoma cells that initially underwent a cancer-associated Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) from the primary tumor to disseminate and maintain a long-term dormant state in an ectopic site is unknown. We have found that normal parenchymal cells of certain metastatic organs cause a partial reversion of the EMT to a more epithelial phenotype (Mesenchymal to Epithelial Reversion Transition, or MErT). Compared to carcinoma cells in the primary breast tumor, MErT is characterized by increased E-cadherin expression, MAPK and AKT signaling, and chemoresistance. While this phenotype should reflect low proliferation or quiescence, the MErT cells in vitro have heretofore maintained a highly proliferative state. Herein we demonstrate that a pre-stressed hepatic microenvironment allows for EMT cells to increase their MErT phenotype and to become dormant. Our research strategy is to modulate the initial liver stress through biochemical challenges applied to primary rat hepatocytes co-cultured with hepatic resident cells and a human immortalized breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). Biochemical challenges (e.g. TGFβ, TNFα, IL-6, EGF, HGF, and DAMPS) are applied in varying concentrations and incubation periods in order to pre-stress the hepatic culture. In order to maintain hepatic metabolic function we implement a novel 3D perfused micro-well bioreactor. As a secondary aim we explore whether E-cadherin expression is required for metastatic seeding through splenetic injections in immune compromised mice. We aim to uncover novel targets that are not strictly against the cancer cells, but rather, against shared molecular pathways across cancer, parenchymal, and non-parenchymal cells within the hepatic niche. Sustaining and perhaps enhancing the ectopic site resilience may yield therapies directed toward maintaining dormant carcinomas so that secondary EMTs will be blocked and cancer recurrence greatly reduced. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5240. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5240
Incidental Detection of a Falx Meningioma on Post-therapy Radioiodide Whole-Body Imaging
Authors: PARTHA SINHA, GARY R. CONRAD, MARKUS HOLZHAUER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky Received for publication February 27, 2002. Revision accepted June 6, 2002. Correspondence: Partha Sinha, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Kentucky-Chandler Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0293. E-mail: [email protected]
PWE-134 Overview Of Efficacy And Cost Effectiveness Of Nurse Led Day Case Abdominal Paracentesis Service At Gloucestershire Hospital Nhs Foundation Trust
Authors: F Tahir, C Hollywood, D Durrant
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Liver disease is the fifth most common cause of death in England and Wales<sup>1</sup> and is one of the important causes of acute hospital admissions. Ascites is a common complication of Cirrhosis and patient with refractory ascites often require therapeutic paracentesis for symptomatic relief. In majority of UK hospitals, therapeutic paracentesis is done via planned admission to an acute medical bed which often causes delay waiting for a bed. In one study, the average hospital stay for therapeutic paracentesis was 5.5 days,<sup>2</sup> as they have to wait for abdominal ultrasound to mark a suitable drain site. This not only leads to patient dissatisfaction but also has significant cost implications for the Trust. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospect patient’s data from 2010–2013 was reviewed who attended our Ambulatory Day Unit for therapeutic paracentesis. <h3>Results</h3> The service was set up in 2010 at the Gloucestershire Royal Hospitals with a view to perform 1–2 paracentesis weekly, which then gradually expanded to up to12–14 paracentesis week. Paracentesis was performed by an experienced and dedicated liver specialist nurse, using aseptic technique and under Human Albumin solution (100 mls of 20%) cover for every 3 litres of ascites drained. 111 patients have so far benefited from the service and 764 procedures are performed with 6 failed attempts in a single patient only with malignant ascites. There have been no complications. 63 (56.7%) patients required paracentesis once every two or more months whilst 19 (17.1%) needed weekly drains. The most number of attendances by a single patient was 62. The day case service is cost effective and has saved the Trust over £30,000 per annum. Patients love this service as it is easily accessible and has significantly reduced the waiting time for paracentesis as the service is available to patients within a few days and they are able to self-refer. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We found the nurse led day case therapeutic paracentesis service is safe and cost effective. It is easily accessible and is liked by the patients as it gives them more control on their treatment and better continuity of their care. It has also a potential to provide training opportunities to junior doctors. We advocate setting up similar services in other NHS Trusts <h3>References</h3> The Health Survey for England 2007 Hill S, <i>et al.</i> Developing a nurse led, day-case, abdominal paracentesis service. <i>Cancer Nursing Practice</i> June 2013;12(5) <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
S12 Pre-clinic telephone consultations: a costing study
Authors: L. O'Byrne, N. J. Roberts, K. Boyd, A. Briggs, M. R. Partridge
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Study of the taking of a patients’ history by telephone prior to clinic attendance and co-ordinating investigations for new respiratory patients showed a reduction in hospital attendances with no detrimental impact on patients (ERS 2010). Health service costs were not originally addressed but are now considered. <h3>Methods</h3> One hundred consecutive patients were invited to have a pre-clinic telephone consultation; 49% (49/100) accepted; 51% (51/100) declined/failed to respond. Fifty-seven patients referred through the electronic Choose and Book (C&amp;B) system during the same period formed a comparator group. The costs of delivery included the pre-clinic telephone consultations in the intervention group and first and follow-up clinic consultation in both groups. Two perspectives were taken, the purchaser (NHS Primary Care Trust) who incurs the cost of delivery, and the hospital who bear the financial burden for non-attendance. <h3>Results</h3> In the intervention group, 98% (48/49) had a pre-clinic telephone consultation, 100% had an initial clinic consultation and 36.7% (18/49) had one or more follow-up appointments. In the C&amp;B arm, 82% (47/57) of patients attended the first consultation and 49% (28/57) had one or more follow-ups. Taking the perspective of the purchaser there were 48 telephone patients, and 47 C&amp;B patients. There was no cost for non-attendance from this perspective. The costs per patient for the telephone group were £340, and for the C&amp;B group £359. This was not a significant difference (mean difference of £-20 (95% CI −74.60, 34.70, p=0.470)). From the hospital perspective there were 49 patients in the telephone group and 53 in the C&amp;B group. The cost of non-attendance and rearranged appointments for 6 months from first planned contact was £19 per patient (telephone group) and £71 (C&amp;B), mean difference £−52 (95% CI −97.24, −6.11, p=0.027). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Pre-clinic telephone consultations have been shown to be cost-saving for hospitals, substantially reducing the financial burden of non-attendance. From the PCT perspective there was no statistical difference in the cost of delivery between the two groups. This study used observational data from a self-selected patient group, further work is needed to confirm findings.
Regulating Compounding Pharmacies after NECC
Authors: Kevin Outterson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Interview with Prof. Kevin Outterson on the recent fungal meningitis outbreak and the regulation of compounding pharmacies in the United States. (12:22)Download FDA rules are often forged in crisis. Compounding pharmacies are at the center of a controversy after an outbreak of fungal meningitis that was traced to methylprednisolone acetate from the New England Compounding Center. Congress is already discussing new regulations.
Painful Knee Joint Prostheses: Evaluation for Loosening by Combined Radionuclide Arthrography and Transmission Imaging
Authors: ANTHONY A. HAYES, GIUSEPPE CARDACI, GEOFFREY D. BOWER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Interpretation of radionuclide arthrograms (RNA) of the knee after total knee joint replacement (TKR) may be difficult because of the lack of sufficient anatomic reference information. Additional transmission images may provide the necessary reference information required for correct interpretation of RNA of the knee.Tc-99m tin colloid (20 MBq) RNA was combined with cobalt-57 transmission imaging in six patients with painful TKRs in whom loosening of the TKR was suspected. Knee surgery was then performed on these six cases.RNA correctly detected loosening of the tibial component in five of six cases, but did not detect loosening of the femoral component in any of three cases.RNA combined with transmission imaging is recommended for detection of loosening of the tibial component of a TKR. RNA may not be of value for detecting loosening of the femoral component.
NT-28 * NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF BACOPA MONNIERI AND ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXTRACTS
Authors: C. Ramachandran, K.-W. Quirin, E. Escalon, S. Melnick
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Ethnobotanical evidence suggests that herbs such as brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) may possess anti-oxidant and neuroprotective properties. We compared the anti-oxidant and neuroprotective effects of supercritical extract of Bacopa monnieri (BM) and rosemary anti-oxidant (RA) extract obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis as well as their combination to examine the effects on human glial (U-87 MG) and embryonic mouse hypothalamus (EMH) cells. BM, RA and their combination (1:1) are not cytotoxic in both glial and EMH cell lines up to 200 µg/ml concentration. BM + RA combination has better anti-oxidant potential and anti-lipid peroxidation activity than either agent alone. Although BM + RA showed almost similar inhibition of phospho tau expression as BM or RA alone, the combination has better inhibitory effect on Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) synthesis and higher brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) production in hypothalamus cells than single agents. These results suggest that BM + RA is more neuroprotective than BM or RA individually.
Rectal Meckel’s diverticulum
Authors: N. de Boer, J. Kuyvenhoven
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 39-year-old woman presented for colon cancer screening colonoscopy. She had no abdominal complaints. The entire colonoscopy was normal, except that the standard retroflexed view in the rectum demonstrated a 2-cm diverticulum without raised margins 5 cm from the anal verge ([Fig. 1 a, b]).
OP0078-HPR A three week rehabilitation program had positive long term effects in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: Results from a randomised controlled trial
Authors: I. Kjeken, I. Bø, A. Rønningen, C. Spada, P. Mowinckel, K.B. Hagen, H. Dagfinrud
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) and European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) working group state that optimal management of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) comprises a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, the latter including education, exercises and physiotherapy (Braun et al, 2011). However, even if several studies conclude with beneficial effects of physiotherapy and rehabilitation programs, more knowledge is needed to optimize the delivery of these interventions. Further, the results concerning the duration of the effect of rehabilitation are conflicting, and doubts remain about sustained improvement over long periods (Maseiro et al. 2011, Lubrano et al. 2006, Lubrano et al. 2007, Dagfinrud et al. 2008, Nghiem et al. 2008, Lubrano et al. 2011). <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the long term overall effects (mean effect over a one year period) of a multidisciplinary in-patient rehabilitation program for patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). <h3>Methods</h3> In this observer blinded, randomised controlled trial, 46 patients received a three weeks in-patient rehabilitation program (rehabilitation group) and 49 patients received treatment as usual (control group). Primary outcomes were disease activity measured with the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Scale (BASDAI), and function measured with the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) (both scored 0-100, 0=low disease activity/good function). Secondary outcomes included well-being, spinal and hip mobility and health related quality of life measured by the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36 (SF-36). Outcome assessments were made at four- and 12 months follow up, and overall treatment effects were estimated with Mixed models repeated measures analyses. <h3>Results</h3> Significant overall treatment effects in favour of the rehabilitation group were found in the BASDAI-score (mean difference over the one year period -10.0, 95% CI: -3.7 to -16.3), in well-being (-7.3, 95% CI: -1.0 to -14.7), and in the SF-36 variables social functioning, role physical, role mental and bodily pain (mean differences ranging from 5.8 (pain) to 10.7 (role physical)). There were no differences between the groups in the BASFI-scores or in the other secondary outcomes. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A three week in-patient rehabilitation program had positive overall effects on disease activity, pain, function and well-being, and should be considered an important complement to medical disease management in persons with AS. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared