tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract A44: Randomized adapter pools for microRNA sequencing of colorectal cancer cell lines and primary tumors
Authors: Peter W. Eide, Lina Cekaite, Ping Xu, Leonardo A. Meza-Zepeda, Tamas Dalmay, Ragnhild A. Lothe
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Single-nucleotide resolution, high throughput and excellent precision make small RNA sequencing ideally suited for addressing a wide array of microRNA (miRNA) research questions. It is however known that adapter ligation introduces bias distorting the relation between sample expression levels and sequencing read counts. To investigate how this issue may affect studies aiming to identify miRNA biomarkers, we utilized the recently published High Definition library preparation protocol to generate miRNA profiles of 35 colorectal cancer cell lines, 55 primary cancer biopsies and 5 adjacent normal mucosa samples. The protocol minimizes ligation bias by means of randomized adapter pools. Comparing the resulting data against publicly available colorectal cancer miRNA datasets, we demonstrate that the High Definition protocol moderates read count distributions, increases accuracy and improves sensitivity while maintaining high reproducibility. Moreover, by taking advantage of the more quantitative read counts, the cancer cell line panel and the normal mucosa samples, we identify a set of miRNAs that are highly expressed in epithelial cancerous cells, deregulated in colorectal cancer as compared to normal mucosa and differentially expressed between established molecular subgroups. As such, these miRNAs present strong candidates for functional validation and biomarker testing. In conclusion, we here present High Definition miRNA sequencing data for a large panel of clinically relevant colorectal cancer samples highlighting the potential of improved small RNA library preparation methods. Citation Format: Peter W. Eide, Lina Cekaite, Ping Xu, Leonardo A. Meza-Zepeda, Tamas Dalmay, Ragnhild A. Lothe. Randomized adapter pools for microRNA sequencing of colorectal cancer cell lines and primary tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer: Mechanisms to Medicines ; 2015 Dec 4-7; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A44.
Left Ventricular Wall Stress Calculated from One-Plane Cineangiography
Authors: HERMAN L. FALSETTI, ROBERT E. MATES, COLIN GRANT, DAVID G. GREENE, IVAN L. BUNNELL
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

Left ventricular dimensions from routine clinical one-plane cineangiograms were combined with left ventricular pressure measurements to permit calculation of left ventricular wall stresses. The 25 patients included 12 with normal left ventricular dynamics, 6 with volume overload, 3 with outflow obstruction, and 4 with cardiomyopathy. Average stresses calculated on the basis of an ellipsoid model agreed with average values obtained from the exact solution of a thick-walled elastic ellipsoidal shell. Peak values were 150 to 625 g/cm 2 in the circular direction and 75 to 365 g/cm 2 in the longitudinal direction. A fiber-corrected stress was defined which represents a force per muscle fiber. The variation in fiber-corrected stress during the cardiac cycle may be considerably different from the variation in simple stress. The force-velocity characteristics of circular fibers for the 25 patients are presented. The data on peak wall stress overlap in the four groups of patients. Peak velocity of circumferential fiber shortening varied from 0.44 to 0.63 lengths/sec in patients with myocardial weakness and varied from 0.74 to 2.56 lengths/sec in the other patients. Contractile element velocity was determined during ventricular ejection when the rate of force change equaled zero. Contractile element velocity of shortening was 0.22 to 0.32 lengths/sec in the cardiomyopathy group and 0.50 to 1.32 lengths/sec in the other patients.
Within-patient emergence of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 HA1 222G variant and clear association with severe disease, Norway
Authors: R Rykkvin, A Kilander, S G Dudman, O Hungnes
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

The association between a particular mutation in the HA1 subunit of the influenza virus haemagglutinin, D222G, and severe and fatal disease in cases of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Norway during the 2009 pandemic was investigated using pyrosequencing. The prevalence of the variant among fatal cases was 8/26 and among severe non-fatal cases 5/52. No D222G mutations were found among the 381 mild cases. This difference could not be attributed to sampling differences, such as body location of sampling, or duration of illness. In cases with mutant virus where clinical specimens from different days of illness were available, transition from wild-type to mutant virus was commonly observed (4/5), indicating that the mutant virus emerged sporadically in individual patients. In patients with paired samples from both the upper and lower respiratory tract (n=8), the same viral genotypes were detected in both locations. In most of the D222G cases (11/13), the mutant virus was found as a quasispecies.
Hip Fractures
Authors: John L. Zeller, Cassio Lynm, Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Hip Fractures Bones are in a constant state of change-remodeling themselves to withstand the stress and strain of daily activity.In osteoporosis, natural bone activity becomes impaired, resulting in excessive bone loss.Bones become thin, weak, and more susceptible to fracture.As many as 10 million Americans have osteoporosis.Each year in the United States this condition contributes to approximately 329 000 hip fractures.A broken hip can cause discomfort, promote disability, and result in loss of independence.The loss of activity may likewise contribute to back pain and spinal deformity along with a loss of physical fitness and muscle strength.The November 28, 2007, issue of JAMA includes an article that examines various factors associated with a higher risk of osteoporotic fracture in older women and men.
Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: John Figgis Jewett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

A normal 23-year-old gravida 3, para 2 was admitted to the hospital at term in early labor with the cervix dilated to admit 1 1/2 fingers, the head engaged and all vital signs normal. The membranes were ruptured artificially and 5 units of oxytocin in 500 ml of 5 per cent dextrose in distilled water was started intravenously at an unrecorded rate. Within 30 minutes contractions were described as "strong — almost constant," and in another half-hour paracervical and pudendal blocks were given for the spontaneous delivery of a healthy 3600-g infant a few minutes later; 5 units of oxytocin . . .
Abstract IA25: Regulatory control of lincRNA function through formation of complex RNA structural motifs
Authors: Isabel Chillon, Srinivas Somarowthu, Fei Liu, Anna Marie Pyle
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract While the regulatory role of lincRNAs is becoming increasingly appreciated, the functional role of RNA structures within these molecules is not well understood. We have embarked on a study to understand the folding of lincRNA molecules, and to identify functional structural modules within large RNA transcripts. Using approaches to promote the native folding of large RNA molecules, we have been purifying lincRNAs, mapping their structures with chemical probes, and then using this information to construct structural maps of lincRNA architecture. This work is complemented by phylogenetic and genetic approaches for exploring the functional relevance of RNA structures identified in our study. In this way, we have mapped the structure of lincRNAs such as HOTAIR and lincRNA p21, identifying novel structural motifs, enabling evolutionary comparisons and facilitating targeted mutational studies of lincRNA function. Citation Format: Isabel Chillon, Srinivas Somarowthu, Fei Liu, Anna Marie Pyle. Regulatory control of lincRNA function through formation of complex RNA structural motifs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer: Mechanisms to Medicines ; 2015 Dec 4-7; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA25.
Community outbreak of Legionnaires’ disease in Vic-Gurb, Spain in October and November 2005
Authors: M R Sala, C Arias, J M Oliva, A Pedrol, P Roura, A Domínguez
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2007)

This paper reports the investigation of a community-acquired outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in the municipalities of Vic and Gurb (Central Region of Catalonia, Spain). There were 55 cases reported in October and November 2005. An epidemiological and environmental investigation was undertaken. Thirty-five case patients (64%) lived in Vic or Gurb, while 36% had visited or worked in Vic or Gurb during the 10 days before onset of symptoms, but no commonly frequented building could be identified. Water probes for culture were obtained from 30 cooling towers. In five cooling towers of two industrial settings in Gurb (plants A and B), Legionella pneumophila (Lp) serogroup 1 was present. Two Lp-1 strains were recovered from cooling towers in plants A and B. The Lp-1 strain from plant A showed a PGFE profile identical with those obtained from three patients. The exposure to Legionella pneumophila apparently occurred in a large area, since 43 of the 55 cases lived, visited or worked within a distance of 1,800 m from plant A, and six cases in a distance between 2,500 and 3,400 m. The inspections of cooling towers in plant A revealed inadequate disinfectant doses of biocide, non-existent maintenance records on weekends and wrong sample points for routine microbial check-ups. Weather conditions in October 2005 template temperature and high humidity (wind conditions are unappreciable) could have been favourable factors in this outbreak together with the flat terrain of Gurb and Vic area, explaining the extensive horizontal airborne dissemination of contaminated aerosols. The outbreak could have been prevented by proper and correct maintenance of the cooling tower at plant A.
Abstract P6-10-07: Family history and risk of pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC)
Authors: M Lambe, ALV Johansson, TM Andersson, C-C Hsieh, S Cnattingius, PW Dickman
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: The risk of breast cancer is at least doubled in young women with a family history of breast cancer. Pregnancy has a dual effect on breast cancer risk; a short-term increase followed by a long-term protection. It has been hypothesized that women with a genetic predisposition for breast cancer are particularly susceptible to physiological changes during childbearing that may influence short term risk. Materials &amp; methods: We followed a cohort of women aged 15 to 44 years between 1963 and 2009 identified in Swedish registers. Family history was defined as having a mother or sister with breast cancer. In a case-cohort analysis, we estimated incidence rate ratios of breast cancer during pregnancy and time intervals up to 10 years post-delivery. Results: In 3,452,506 women, there were 15,548 cases of breast cancer (1,208 were pregnancy-associated (PABC), defined as breast cancer during or within 2 years of pregnancy). Compared to nulliparous women, the risk of breast cancer was decreased during pregnancy, similar during 1st year and increased during 2nd year post-delivery. The pattern was similar in women with or without family history of breast cancer. A peak in risk was observed 5-6 years following the first birth regardless of family history. After a second birth, this peak was only present in women with a family history. Conclusions: Our results indicate that women with a family history of breast cancer do not have a different breast cancer risk during and within 10 years following pregnancy compared to women without a family history. Citation Format: Lambe M, Johansson ALV, Andersson TM, Hsieh C-C, Cnattingius S, Dickman PW. Family history and risk of pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-10-07.
Phase II study of nedaplatin and docetaxel in patients with advanced squamous cell lung cancer.
Authors: Y. Naito, K. Kubota, Y. Ohe, H. Ohmatsu, K. Goto, S. Niho, K. Yoh, Y. Nishiwaki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e18014 Background: The treatment of squamous cell lung cancer remains stagnant. Nedaplatin is a second generation platinum compound that is active against squamous cell lung cancer, with response rate of approximately 40% as single agent. To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of combination chemotherapy consisting of nedaplatin and docetaxel, we conducted a phase II study. Methods: Eligibility criteria were as follows; histologically or cytologically proven squamous cell lung cancer; aged 20 to 75 years; ECOG performance status (PS) of 0 to 1; clinical stage III (unfit for definitive radiotherapy), IV or recurrence after surgery; chemotherapy naive; and adequate organ function. Patients were treated with docetaxel 60 mg/m2 and nedaplatin 100 mg/m2 given intravenously on day 1, which was determined by an earlier phase I study. The treatment cycles were repeated every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was response rate, and the secondary endpoint was overall survival, progression-free survival, and toxicity. Results: Twenty-one patients were enrolled. Eighteen were male. Median age was 67 years. Stage III/IV/recurrent disease were 11/8/2, respectively. Five patients were ECOG PS of 0. The objective response rate was 62%. Median progression-free survival was 7.4 months. Median survival was 16.1 months (median follow up was 20.9 months for censored cases) and 1-year survival was 66.7% (95% CI, 46.5% to 86.8%). The most common adverse events were neutropenia (G3-4 86%). Nonhematological toxicity was relatively mild. One patient died of sepsis. The autopsy revealed that the patient was affected by liver cirrhosis, which was not apparent before treatment. Conclusions: Combination chemotherapy of nedaplatin and docetaxel is highly active with acceptable toxicity. The multicenter phase III trial comparing nedaplatin and docetaxel with cisplatin and docetaxel in patients with advanced squamous cell lung cancer is currently underway in Japan. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Consultation in Chest Medicine
Journal: Thorax (1986)

mediastinal shift to the right and opacification of the left hemithorax, with multiple lucent areas consistent with plombage (figure).A provisional diagnosis of acute aortic arch aneurysm was made and after appropriate anti- hypertensive treatment had been started an aortogram was performed; this, however, appeared normal.A diagnosis of infected plombage was therefore entertained.To explore this a posterolateral thoracotomy was per- formed through the bed of the 5th rib.The chest was entered extrapleurally and lucite balls were felt, embedded in a tough cartilagenous mass.Attempts to free them by tentative finger dissection resulted in a sudden, uncontrollable gush of arterial blood.Despite urgent efforts to establish cardio- pulmonary bypass the patient exsanguinated and died on the table.Even after death it was not possible to remove the remaining balls with any ease; but the postmortem exam- ination showed that one ball had eroded into the aortic arch, resulting in a false aneurysm.Fortunately, in Mr Ashour's patient the plomb was ensheathed in a polythene bag and therefore resulted in less damage.In the future, if this diagnosis is suspected, we sug- gest that computed tomography should be performed.Moreover, cardiopulmonary bypass should be established, perhaps by femoral cannulation, before any exploration is undertaken.
Abstract P1-07-02: 5-year overall survival of early breast cancer during pregnancy: A multicenter French case control study
Authors: L Vanlemmens, A Ploquin, S Delaloge, R Rouzier, A Lesur, J-S Frenel, C Loustalot, T Bachelot, M Provansal, J-M Ferrero, F Coussy, M Debled, P Kerbrat, A Vinceneux, A Djelila, M Baron, S Jebert, E Decoupigny, E Tresch, J Bonneterre
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: Breast cancer (BC) during pregnancy (BCP) is a rare situation that requires collaboration between oncologists, surgeons and obstetricians. The main objectives of this study were to compare the overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) of a multicenter cohort of pregnant patients (pts) with those of matched control pts. Methods: Patients from 27 centers and diagnosed between 2000 and 2006 with histological confirmed M0 invasive BC were included in this retrospective study. For the cohort of BCP, pts whose pregnancy was interrupted were not eligible. Controls were matched to BCP pts on 5 criteria: clinical T (of TNM), hormonal receptor (HR) status, HER2 status, administration of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and pathological nodal status in the absence of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Survival times were estimated from the date of diagnosis using Kaplan-Meier method. OS was calculated until death from every cause, DFS was calculated until relapse or death from every cause; patients alive were censored at the date of last news. Results: 100 BCP pts were identified. Their clinical and pathological characteristics were described on a previous presentation (SABCS 2013 P6-06-07). Matched controls could not be found for 12 BCP pts. 88 BCP pts were matched with 204 controls. The only differences between the 2 populations in terms of characteristics or treatment were more radical mastectomy (p=0.036) and fewer taxane administrations in the BCP group (p=0.06). The median duration of follow-up was 8.2 years for cases and 7.7 years for controls. There were no differences between BCP pts and controls in 5-year OS: 83.4%, IC 95% (73.5-89.8) vs 83.8%, IC 95% (77.9-88.3) nor 7-year OS: 76.5% (65.5-84.4) vs 78.1% (71.5-83.3) (p=0.52). The 5-year DFS was 58.6% IC 95% (47.3-68.3) vs 67.2% IC 95% (60.2-73.2) (p= 0.16). However, 5-year DFS was lower in HR+ BCP pts subgroup than in HR+ control group (56.7% IC 95% (40.7-69.8) vs 70.9% IC 95% (61.4-78.5) (p=0.023). Conclusion: This multicenter French large study confirmed that there are no differences on OS and DFS between pregnant and no pregnant pts, though this might not be true for HR subgroup. Citation Format: Vanlemmens L, Ploquin A, Delaloge S, Rouzier R, Lesur A, Frenel J-S, Loustalot C, Bachelot T, Provansal M, Ferrero J-M, Coussy F, Debled M, Kerbrat P, Vinceneux A, Djelila A, Baron M, Jebert S, Decoupigny E, Tresch E, Bonneterre J. 5-year overall survival of early breast cancer during pregnancy: A multicenter French case control study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-07-02.
Travel associated legionnaires’disease in Europe: 1997 and 1998
Authors: E Slaymaker, C Joseph, C  L R Bartlett
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1999)

The European Surveillance Scheme for Travel Associated Legionnaires’ Disease was set up by the European Working Group on Legionella Infections (EWGLI) in 1987 to identify cases of legionella infection in returning travellers and to detect outbreaks and cl
Serotonin-dopamine interaction and its relevance to schizophrenia
Authors: S Kapur, G Remington
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The therapeutic success of clozapine and risperidone has focused attention on the interaction between serotonin and dopamine systems as an avenue for superior therapeutics in schizophrenia. The authors review the neurobiological basis for this interaction and its clinical relevance.The authors synthesized information from more than 100 published articles obtained through electronic and bibliography-directed searches.The serotonin system inhibits dopaminergic function at the level of the origin of the dopamine system in the midbrain as well as at the terminal dopaminergic fields in the forebrain. Serotonergic antagonists release the dopamine system from this inhibition. This disinhibition of the dopamine system in the striatum may alleviate neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms, and a similar disinhibition in the prefrontal cortex may ameliorate negative symptoms. However, the benefits of combined serotonergic-dopaminergic blockade may be observed in only a narrow dose range and may be lost with doses that produce suprathreshold dopaminergic blockade.Serotonergic modulation of dopaminergic function provides a viable mechanism for enhancing therapeutics in schizophrenia, but much remains unclear. Future research will have to establish the existence of this interaction in humans in vivo, specify the conditions under which it leads to optimal therapeutic benefits, and explore the possibility of using specific serotonergic treatments as flexible adjuncts to typical neuroleptics, rather than the present trend toward using single drugs with combined actions.
Victoria G. Hale
Authors: Victoria G Hale
Journal: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2005)

is CEO of the Institute for OneWorld Health, a nonprofit pharmaceutical company she founded in 2000 to tackle the lack of effective, safe and affordable drugs for tropical diseases.In addition to time spent in industry, Hale has gained valuable expertise in biopharmaceutical drug development at the FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.By the end of 2005, the company will submit its dossier in India for its first drug, paromomycin, a treatment for the tropical parasitic disease visceral leishmaniasis.
Abstract 351: Role of Ketoaldehyde Protein Adducts in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hyun S Hwang, Sean S Davies, Michael F Hill, Isaac N Pessah, Paul D Allen, L. J Roberts, Bjorn C Knollmann
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Oxidative damage is an important component of ischemic heart injury. Isomeric ketoaldehydes, isoketals (IsoKs), are produced by the isoprostane pathway of lipid peroxidation. IsoKs, which are among the most reactive products of lipid oxidation, form irreversible lactam adducts with lysine residues and cross-link proteins. We have identified a specific IsoK scavenger, salicylamine (SA), which prevents IsoKs from adducting to proteins in vitro . Here, we tested whether IsoK adducts are increased in ischemic cardiomyopathy and whether SA is cardioprotective. Methods: IsoK-lysyl adducts were measured by mass spectrometry in human hearts with ischemic cardiomyopathy and in mouse hearts after MI from coronary ligation. The effect of SA was tested in the mouse MI model. Results: IsoK adduct levels (ng/g tissue) were significantly increased in human hearts with ischemic cardiomyopathy compared with normal donor hearts (2.3±0.4 vs 0.7±0.1, p&lt;0.05) and also in mouse hearts 7 days after MI. In vitro , IsoKs (0.5–5μM) dose dependently enhanced binding of [3H]ryanodine to cardiac SR preparations (RyR2). In mice, pre-treatment with SA for 3 days prior to coronary ligation significantly reduced overall mortality (Fig. ), improved cardiac contractility (fractional shortening: SA 36% vs placebo, 27%, p&lt;0.01) and reduced infarct size (SA 18% vs placebo 36%, p&lt;0.05) measured 7 days post MI. Conclusion: IsoK adducts are increased in ischemic cardiomyopathy and a specific scavenger of IsoKs exerts remarkable cardioprotective effects in a mouse model of MI. IsoKs potently activate RyR2 channels, which may explain in part the cardioprotective action of IsoK scavengers. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA Greater Southeast Affiliate (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Puerto Rico &amp; Tennessee).