tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of SLCO transport genes with intraprostatic abiraterone (ABI) levels and pathologic outcomes in men with high-risk localized prostate cancer (PCa).
Authors: Elahe A. Mostaghel, Eunpi Cho, Jonathan Lawrence Wright, Massimo Loda, Brett Marck, Alvin M. Matsumoto, Daniel Tamae, Trevor M. Penning, Steven P. Balk, Philip W. Kantoff, Peter Nelson, Mary-Ellen Taplin, Robert B. Montgomery
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

5013 Background: Germline variation in solute carrier organic anion (SLCO) transport genes influences cellular uptake of steroids and has been associated with PCa outcomes. We hypothesized that due to its steroidal structure, ABI may undergo SLCO-mediated transport, and that germline variation in SLCO genes may influence intracellular ABI levels and pathologic outcomes in men with PCa. Methods: We measured ABI levels in prostatectomy tissue from 58 men with localized PCa treated with 6 months of castration plus ABI prior to radical prostatectomy (RP). Buffy coat DNA was genotyped for13 SNPs (minimum allele frequency > 0.07) in 6 SLCO genes using TaqMan SNP assays. Transcript expression of SLCO genes was evaluated by qRT-PCR in microdissected tumor samples from a subset of patients. Results: SNPs in SLCO1B3 (rs4149177, p = 0.07) and SLCO2B1 (rs12422149, p = 0.0004; rs949069, p = 0.008; rs1789693, p = 0.01) were associated with significant differences in mean tissue ABI levels at RP. Contingency analysis showed higher rates of minimal residual disease (MRD, defined as tumor volume < 0.5cm3) in those with good risk (higher tissue ABI) alleles of SLCO1B3 (rs4149177: 50% (14/28) vs 24% (4/17); Fisher exact p = 0.11) and in those with good risk alleles of SLCO2B1 (rs1789693: 67% (10/15) vs 27% (8/30); p = 0.02). Although not associated with tissue ABI levels, SLCO2B1 (rs1077858) and SLCO2A1 (rs34550074) were also associated with differences in MRD (p = 0.06 and p = 0.05, respectively).Transcript expression of SLCO2B1 increased 16 fold from a mean of -19 dCT (vs RPL13A) in untreated PCa to -15 dCT in ABI treated tumor samples (p = 0.01). Conclusions: SLCO transport genes may be pharmacogenetic determinants of intracellular ABI levels and may serve as novel predictors of response to ABI treatment. Clinical trial information: NCT00924469.
Cerebral Oximetry in Ugandan Children With Severe Anemia
Authors: Aggrey Dhabangi, Brenda Ainomugisha, Christine Cserti-Gazdewich, Henry Ddungu, Dorothy Kyeyune, Ezra Musisi, Robert Opoka, Christopher P. Stowell, Walter H. Dzik
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2016)

Severe anemia, defined as a hemoglobin level of less than 5.0 g/dL, affects millions of children worldwide. The brain has a high basal demand for oxygen and is especially vulnerable to hypoxemia. Previous studies have documented neurocognitive impairment in children with severe anemia. Data on cerebral tissue oxygenation in children with severe anemia and their response to blood transfusion are limited.To measure hemoglobin saturation in cerebral tissue (cerebral tissue oxygen saturation [tSo2]) before, during, and after blood transfusion in a cohort of children presenting to hospital with severe anemia.This was a prospective, observational cohort study conducted from February 2013 through May 2015 and analyzed in July 2015 at a university hospital pediatric acute care facility in Kampala, Uganda, of 128 children, ages 6 to 60 months who were enrolled in a larger clinical trial, with a presenting hemoglobin level of less than 5.0 g/dL and a blood lactate level greater than 5mM. Most children had either malaria or sickle cell disease.Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion given as 10 mL/kg over 120 minutes.Clinical and laboratory characteristics of children with pretransfusion cerebral tSo2 levels less than 65%, 65% to 75%, and greater than 75%. Change in cerebral tSo2 as a result of transfusion.Of 128 children included in the study, oximetry results in 8 cases were excluded owing to motion artifacts; thus, 120 were included in this analysis. Cerebral tSo2 values prior to transfusion ranged from 34% to 87% (median, 72%; interquartile range [IQR], 65%-76%). Eighty-one children (67%) demonstrated an initial cerebral tSo2 level (≤75%) corresponding to an oxygen extraction ratio greater than 0.36. Patients with sickle cell disease (n = 17) and malaria (n = 15) contributed in nearly equal numbers to the subgroup with an initial cerebral tSo2 (<65%). The level of consciousness, hemoglobin concentration, blood lactate level, and thigh muscle tSo2 level were poor predictors of cerebral oxygen saturation. Following RBC transfusion, the median (IQR) cerebral tSo2 level increased to 78% (73%-82%) (P < .001), but 21% of children failed to achieve a tSo2 level greater than 75%.Severe anemia in children is frequently associated with low cerebral oxygenation levels as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. Hemoglobin level and lactate concentration did not predict low cerebral tSo2 levels. Cerebral tSo2 levels increase with RBC transfusion with different patterns of response. More studies are needed to evaluate the use of noninvasive cerebral tissue oximetry in the care of children with severe anemia.
Prevalence of Obesity in the United States
Authors: Lawrence J. Appel
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pain Control and the World Health Organization Analgesic Ladder-Reply
Authors: Alejandro R. Jadad
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We welcome the opportunity to respond to Drs Reidenberg, Twycross, Lickiss, Ventafridda, and Stjernsward in relation to our article on the WHO analgesic ladder. None of the letters contradict our analysis of the published literature. The two major concerns are that we ignored the importance of the ladder as a political tool and that the benefits of the ladder are so obvious that rigorous randomized control trials are not needed. We endorse all efforts made by the WHO program to increase the availability and acceptability of opioids for the treatment of cancer pain throughout the world, and share Dr Reidenberg's concerns about the limited implementation of the ladder. The focus of our review, however, was not to evaluate the political utility of the ladder, but to assess the evidence on the effectiveness of the ladder when it is used. We acknowledge the difficulties in conducting rigorously controlled studies
High-Dose Statins and the IDEAL Study
Authors: Uffe Ravnskov, Paul J. Rosch, Morley C. Sutter
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Book: Goldberger's War: The Life and Work of a Public Health Crusader
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

This is the story of the public health doctor who found that pellagra, the “scourge of the south,” was caused by a flawed diet. Joseph Goldberger was the son of immigrant Orthodox Jewish parents who came to New York in 1883 and settled on the Lower East Side. At first he wanted to become an engineer and enrolled at the free City College, dividing his time between studying and helping at his father's grocery store. A neighbourhood Irish immigrant friend introduced him to the ultimate in engineering marvels—the human body—and young Goldberger became hooked on medicine. Entering Bellevue Hospital Medical College, he was further inspired by Dr Austin Flint and graduated in 1895.​1895.




Figure 1



Hill and Wang, $25, pp 336 ISBN 0 374 13537 1 www.fsgbooks.com

Rating: ★★★




He passed the written and oral examinations for the US Marine Hospital Service, whose name was changed in 1912 to the US Public Health Service, and was commissioned as assistant surgeon. His first post was as medical inspector of newly arrived immigrants at the port of New York.

Assistant surgeon Thomas Richardson, scion of a prominent southern family, next assigned him to a quarantine station, where he learnt to recognise the signs of typhus, plague, cholera, and smallpox. The two men became firm friends, and Richardson introduced Goldberger to his cousin Mary, a pretty young southern belle and grand niece of the Confederate leader Jefferson Davis.

In the face of opposition from both their families they were married in 1906, and Mary, who shared his scientific curiosity, became the loyal supporter of his medical research. Goldberger's great opportunity arose when the surgeon general assigned him to investigate pellagra. By 1912 South Carolina alone had reported 30 000 cases, with a death rate of 40%.

Goldberger (together with a group of volunteers) disproved the current infectious theory of pellagra by ingesting bodily “materials” from the bodies of people with pellagra and even going so far as to inject Mary with blood from patients. After careful feeding experiments at an orphans' home, an insane asylum, and a prison farm in Mississippi, Goldberger concluded that pellagra was caused by a dietary deficiency of niacin and could be cured by adding brewer's yeast to the diet of people with the deficiency. Alert to social and economic factors involved in disease, he campaigned vigorously against the low wages of southern mill workers, which prevented them from acquiring a balanced diet.

Dr Joseph Goldberger died of hypernephroma in 1929. His portrait hangs in the director's office at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland.

Kraut concludes, “By the end of the century [in 1998], when a medical audience in Charleston, South Carolina, was asked how many had ever seen a case of pellagra, only a few of even the older physicians raised their hands.”
Significance of Peri-Transplant Dynamics of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) in Adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in Morphological Remission Undergoing Myeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Yi Zhou, Daisuke Araki, Megan Othus, Jerald P. Radich, Anna B. Halpern, Marco Mielcarek, Elihu H. Estey, Brent L. Wood, Frederick R. Appelbaum, Roland B. Walter
Journal: Blood (2015)
Abstract 3233: Contribution of cell types and genetic alterations in breast cancer progression
Authors: Divya Bhagirath, Xiangshan Zhao, William W. West, Hamid Band, Vimla Band
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Breast cancer is classified in to different subtypes based on gene expression profiling. Significantly distinct subtypes present different outcome for patient survival, thus underscoring importance of understanding the role of precursor cell and genetic alterations in breast cancer subtypes. In the present study we are evaluating the role of defined combination of oncogenes in two distinct cell types in regulating the oncogenesis and metastatic behavior. We have earlier developed two hTERT-immortalized human stem/progenitor cell lines that are designated as K5+/K19- or K5+/K19+. We introduced different oncogenes in these cell lines and then examined their oncogenic potential, tumor formation and metastasis, using both in vitro and in vivo assays. We found that combinations of mutant H-Ras(mRas) and mutant p53(mp53), together with either wild type ErbB2(wtErbB2) or wild type EGFR(wtEGFR) efficiently transformed both cell types. Tumors formed by these cells were histologically heterogeneous, with variable proportions of luminal, basal-like and claudin-low type components dependent on cell types and oncogene combinations. Notably, K5+/K19- cells transformed with mRas/mp53/wtEGFR combination had significantly longer latency for primary tumor development than those expressing mRas/mp53/wtErbB2. Despite the longer latency, overall oncogene combination mRas/mp53/wtEGFR give early lung metastasis onset in both K5+/K19- and K5+/K19+ cells as compared to mRas/mp53/wtErbB2 indicating higher metastatic potential of this combination. Besides the effect of different oncogene combinations, we also found that K5+/K19+ cells overall had shorter primary tumor latency, and high metastatic potential than K5+/K19- cells. Histological and biochemical characterization of metastatic tumors is underway and will be discussed at the time of presentation. Our results suggest that both the genetic alteration and cell type contribute to oncogenicity of breast tumors. Citation Format: Divya Bhagirath, Xiangshan Zhao, William W. West, Hamid Band, Vimla Band. Contribution of cell types and genetic alterations in breast cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3233. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3233
Survey of geriatric oncology (geri onc) training among hematology/oncology (hem/onc) fellows.
Authors: Ronald John Maggiore, William Dale, Mary K. Buss, Arti Hurria, Andrew E. Chapman, Efrat Dotan, Heidi D. Klepin, Arash Naeim, Supriya Gupta Mohile
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e20519 Background: Older adults represent the majority of patients with cancer. Future oncologists will need to gain familiarity with geri onc principles. The goal of this study was to evaluate geri onc training of current hem/onc fellows. Methods: A written survey was distributed to hem/onc fellows at the ASCO 2013 meeting, along with an electronic version for non-attendees (via fellowship PDs), assessing several areas in geri onc training for fellows, including access to geri onc lectures/clinical experiences; skills in general onc (bone marrow biopsy, BMB) vs. geri onc (geri assessment, GA); geri onc knowledge-base; and use of ASCO University geri onc modules. Comparisons between groups of interest were performed. Results: Of the 145 surveys submitted, 138 were evaluable (i.e., ≥1 survey section completed), with 45%=female; median age=33 years; 47%= at the end of 1st year of fellowship. While most (84%) rated geri onc training as very important (4-5 on 1-5 scale), few (25%) fellows reported having access to a geri onc clinic, and 47% received geri onc lectures. For comparisons, earlier vs. later survey sections had lower completion rates (mean N=129 vs. 75). Of 125 fellows, 90% received a lecture in colon cancer staging and/or in spinal cord compression (i.e., “traditional” onc). However, only 33 (26%) had one on assessing cognitive function (P<0.05). Of 133 fellows, 129 (97%) reported performing ≥1 BMB (median, “>10”); however, only 68 (51%) reported performing ≥1 GA (median, “=0”) (P <0.05). Of 72 fellows’ geri-onc knowledge, 32 (41%) were able to identify predictors of chemo toxicity in older adults based on GA study results. Having answered this item correctly was not associated with having had a geri onc lecture or clinical experience (P>0.10 for all comparisons). Of 77 fellows, 51 (66%) reported having ASCO University access, with 37% accessing every few months (31% never accessing them). Of these, only 5 (10%) have ever accessed the geri onc modules. Conclusions: Based on this survey’s results, fellows value geri onc training but report limited access to and non-uniformity of geri onc training. More accessibility and use of currently available resources may help them incorporate geri onc principles better.
Resource utilization requirements for personalized cancer care, translational research, and clinical trial (CT) implementation.
Authors: S. P. Rajurkar, C. A. Presant, G. H. Upadhyaya, L. D. Bosserman, B. Ebrahimi, F. D. Howard, S. W. Kim, R. C. Horns, D. Malouf
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e16524 Background: There has been an increase in CTs of personalized cancer care laboratory assays which may predict clinical response. The goal of this study was to identify resources necessary to implement these CT. Methods: We reviewed all CT in our cancer centers that were developed to individualize patient (pt) care based on laboratory testing from 2008 to 2009. We estimated the time required for principle investigators, participating physicians, CT coordinators and monitors, and nurses. An additional assay which had completed CT was evaluated to determine the time necessary to implement assays after CT completion. Results: 70 pts were accrued to 6 CTs. All CT required IRB approval. 6/7 CT required pt consent. Time required for CT review to determine practicability was 4 hr median (range 1-6 hr) for coordinators. Time for coordinator IRB preparation was 4 hr (1-6 hr), and for sponsor regulatory preparation was 4 hr (1-6 hr). Time for the principal investigator review was 0.75 hr (0.5-1) and supervision was 2.5 hr (2 to 3 hr). Once a trial was approved, individual pt recruitment required clinician time of 0.5 hr (0.25-1 hr) for pt information and consent. Time required to screen, consent, and enroll a pt by CT monitor was 3 hr (2-5 hr). The time required for chart review and data submission was 2 hr (0.5-3 hr). The total pre-IRB approval time required for all non-physician personnel was 10.5 hr mean (2-16 hr). The total post IRB approval time by non-physician personnel was 5.3 hr/pt (4-7 hr). Time for implementation of a clinical test which had completed CT required 5 hr by the physician leader. Insurance authorization and billing training required 0.5 hours of physician leader time and 0.5 hours for billing and authorization personnel. Nursing in-service training required 1 hr of the physician leader and 1 hr per nurse. Conclusions: Personalized cancer care translation research is labor intensive and requires training in different skills compared to drug CTs. Additional focused training of CT and management personnel is necessary to optimize the development of personalized cancer care methodologies. This is a new paradigm for practice center operations. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Réunion Island prepared for possible Zika virus emergence, 2016
Authors: Sophie Larrieu, Laurent Filleul, Olivier Reilhes, Marie-Christine Jaffar-Bandjee, Coralie Dumont, Thierry Abossolo, Hélène Thebault, Elise Brottet, Frédéric Pagès, Pascal Vilain, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Emmanuel Antok, David Vandroux, Patrice Poubeau, Marie-Pierre Moiton, Peter Von Theobald, François Chieze, Anne Gallay, Henriette De Valk, François Bourdillon
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2016)

Zika virus (ZIKV) has recently spread widely and turned into a major international public health threat. Réunion appears to offer conditions particularly favourable to its emergence and therefore prepared to face possible introduction of the virus. We designed a scaled surveillance and response system with specific objectives, methods and measures for various epidemiological phases including a potential epidemic. Several tools were developed in order to (i) detect individual cases (including a large information campaign on the disease and suspicion criteria), (ii) monitor an outbreak through several complementary systems allowing to monitor trends in disease occurrence and geographic spread and (iii) detect severe forms of the disease in collaboration with hospital clinicians. We put the emphasis on detecting the first cases in order to contain the spread of the virus as much as possible and try to avoid progress towards an epidemic. Our two main strengths are a powerful vector control team, and a close collaboration between clinicians, virologists, epidemiologists, entomologists and public health authorities. Our planned surveillance system could be relevant to Europe and island settings threatened by Zika virus all over the world.
Arginine Metabolism, Pulmonary Hypertension, and Sickle Cell Disease—Reply
Authors: Claudia R. Morris, Elliott P. Vichinsky, Gregory J. Kato, Mark T. Gladwin, Stanley Hazen, Sidney M. Morris
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Atopic dermatitis is associated with reduced corneodesmosin expression: role of cytokine modulation and effects on viral penetration
Authors: U.H. Lee, B.E. Kim, D.J. Kim, Y.G. Cho, Y.M. Ye, D.Y.M. Leung
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

The skin epidermal barrier plays a critical role in preventing allergen and microbial penetration into the human body.1 Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by epidermal barrier defects and recurrent microbial skin infections.1 Recent studies indicate that defects in epidermal barrier function contribute greatly to the initiation and perpetuation of skin inflammation in AD.2

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Systemic delivery of an antisense oligonucleotide and treatment of established collagen-induced arthritis by a novel charge-reversible liposomal formulation
Authors: E Andreakos, U Rauchhaus, A Stavropoulos, D Mastellos, C Xirakia, A Gavriil, R O Williams, S Panzner, P Sideras
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)