tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perspectives in Oncology Drug Pricing
Authors: Newt Crenshaw
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Radioligand Therapy With 177Lu-PSMA-617 as A Novel Therapeutic Option in Patients With Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kambiz Rahbar, Axel Bode, Matthias Weckesser, Nemanja Avramovic, Michael Claesener, Lars Stegger, Martin Bögemann
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

Despite progress in treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), new approaches are urgently needed. Recently theranostic concepts using radiolabeled ligands of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) have been developed for diagnostics and therapy of patients with advanced mCRPC. The aim of this study was to evaluate tumor response, adverse effects, and survival in patients undergoing radioligand therapy with Lu-PSMA-617.Fifty therapies using Lu-PSMA-617 were performed in 28 consecutive patients with mCRPC and exhausted conventional therapeutic options (median age, 73.4 years; range, 45-87 years). Data were retrospectively analyzed with focus on response, safety, and survival. The median overall survival was compared with that of a recent historical patient cohort treated with best supportive care prior to availability of Lu-PSMA-617.Any PSA decline occurred in 59% and 75% of patients after 1 and 2 therapies. Moreover, a PSA decline of 50% or greater occurred in 32% and 50%. Therapies were well tolerated. Hematologic and renal parameters changed insignificantly; permanent xerostomia or other safety-related toxicity did not occur. The estimated median survival was 29.4 weeks, significantly longer than survival in the historical best supportive care group (19.7 weeks [hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.20-0.95]; P = 0.031).Results from 50 therapies show that radioligand therapy with Lu-PSMA-617 is effective and well tolerated and seems to increase overall survival. A future randomized controlled prospective study will be necessary to confirm these results.
A Controlled Trial of Verapamil for Prinzmetal's Variant Angina
Authors: Stacey M. Johnson, David R. Mauritson, James T. Willerson, L. David Hillis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

To assess the efficacy and safety of verapamil in variant angina pectoris, we entered 16 patients in a double-blind, randomized trial of nine months, duration. During treatment with verapamil, the frequency of angina fell substantially (12.6 +/- 25.9 chest pains per week with placebo, 1.7 +/- 2.8 pains per week with verapamil, mean +/- S.D.; P less than 0.01), as did the use of nitroglycerin tablets (14.4 +/- 34.4 tablets per week with placebo, 2.1 +/- 3.3 tablets per week with verapamil; P less than 0.05). The number of hospitalizations for clinical instability was significantly lower with verapamil (P less than 0.01). The number of episodes of transient ST-segment deviation during treatment with verapamil was reduced (33.1 +/- 39.3 ST-segment deviations per week with placebo, 7.7 +/- 11.7 deviations per week with verapamil; P less than 0.01). Verapamil caused no side effects forcing a reduction in dosage or a discontinuation. We conclude that verapamil is safe and effective in the therapy of variant angina pectoris.
Toxicogenomic analysis of seven heavy metal compounds on human lung carcinoma cells
Authors: Pei-Fen Su, I-Ching Ho, Te-Chang Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

341   Exposure to metals not only induces physiological toxic responses but also increases the risk of cancer incidence. Lung is one of the target organs of toxicant exposure and elimination. This study aimed to evaluate the toxic effect of metals on lung cancer cells using colorimetric cDNA microarray. Human lung adenocarcinoma cells (CL3) were treated with antimony, arsenite, arsenate, lead, cadmium, copper or nickel for 24 h under the dosage responsible for 70% cell survival by clonogenic assay. A set of notably affected metal-responsive genes (46 genes, 6.5% of assayed genes) showed that the percentages of genes related to metabolism were decreased compared to original array, whereas those of genes associated with cell cycle and cell proliferation were increased. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that antimony, arsenate, arsenite and lead induced similar gene expression profiles; cadmium and copper mediated another profile group, while a distinct expression pattern was induced by nickel. The transcripts of two drug-metabolizing enzymes, namely NAD(P)H:quinone reductase (NQO1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), were significantly enhanced by all seven metals. In contrast, no overlapped genes were down-regulated. Nickel compounds are human carcinogen of lung cancer. Nickel treatment specifically affected the expression activity of several oncogenic-related genes such as placental growth factor (PGF), colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), and thrombomodulin (THBD). Our data thus suggest that phase II enzymes may be essential for detoxification or cytoprotection of metal-challenged lung cells, and highlight the tumorigenic role of nickel in human lung cells.
Antibiotic resistant gonorrhoea increases in England
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Public Health England has warned that a strain of gonorrhoea that is resistant to the antibiotic azithromycin has now been found in the West Midlands and the south east, after first emerging in the north of England in November 2014.1

Since September 2015, 11 cases of azithromycin resistant gonorrhoea have been confirmed in the West Midlands and the south of England. Five of the …
Therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Alastair J.J. Wood, Martin S. Hirsch, Richard T. D'Aquila
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Much is known about the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from the time of cell attachment to the release of mature virions (Figure 1), and drugs that interfere with many of the steps in HIV replication have been developed and tested in vitro. These drugs include inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, protease, and a regulatory protein, Tat (Table 1). Inhibitors of reverse transcriptase can prevent the spread of infectious virus to new cells but do not interfere with the replication of HIV genomes that are integrated into the host genome. Two of the most promising agents target . . .
Case 1-1997
Authors: Stephen D. Zucker, Andrea Flieder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Presentation of CaseA 23-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of fulminant hepatorenal failure.The patient had been well until three years earlier, when vague abdominal discomfort developed. Laboratory tests were performed elsewhere. The values for alkaline phosphatase, ceruloplasmin, uric acid, and α1-antitrypsin were normal, as were the results of iron studies; tests for antibodies to hepatitis A, B, and C and for antinuclear and antimitochondrial antibodies were negative. The results of other tests are shown in Table 1. An ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen showed increased echogenicity of the liver. Microscopical examination of a specimen from . . .
Isolated Upper-Extremity Symptoms Due to Obstruction of the Aortic Origin of the Left Subclavian or Innominate Artery
Authors: W. Gerald Austen, Robert S. Shaw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

MUCH has been written about occlusive disease involving the great vessels of the aortic arch since the first reports on this subject by Savory1 in 1856 and Broadbent2 in 1875. This clinical entity, which has been variously referred to under such names as "aortic-arch syndrome,"3 , 4 "pulseless disease,"5 "Martorell's syndrome"6 and "Takayasu's disease,"7 probably has several etiologies — the inflammatory arteritis of syphilis,3 , 8 atherosclerosis9 10 11 12 and the poorly understood nonspecific inflammatory lesion,3 4 5 , 10 , 13 14 15 the ophthalmologic complications of which were described by Takayasu7 in 1908. It is important not to consider these various types of occlusive disease involving the major branches of the aortic . . .
Tocilizumab for polymyalgia rheumatica: a first or second line?
Authors: Sergey Moiseev, Pavel Novikov, Victor Fomin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

To the Editor:

In the open-label uncontrolled trial recently published in the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases , Devauchelle-Pensec et al 1 showed high efficacy of tocilizumab as a first-line treatment for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). Twenty patients with PMR were treated with three tocilizumab intravenous infusions at a dose of 8 mg/kg with 4-week intervals followed by oral prednisone. At 12 weeks, the primary end-point of a PMR activity score ≤10 was achieved in all patients; moreover, tocilizumab had impressive steroid-sparing effect (up to 70%). Tocilizumab is a promising option for PMR and giant cell arteriitis (GCA). Its efficacy in the new-onset or relapsing GCA has recently been confirmed in …
Case 30-1998
Authors: Jack Ludmir, R. Neal Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Presentation of CaseA 30-year-old woman (gravida 2, para 0) was admitted to the hospital at 27 weeks' gestation because of increasing hypertension and proteinuria.The patient had been well until 10 years earlier, when polyarthralgia developed. Nine years before admission, the patient's right first toe became painful and cyanotic. The results of laboratory tests performed at that time and subsequently are shown in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4. A percutaneous angiographic examination showed thromboemboli in the right peroneal and anterior tibial arteries. No thrombotic tendency or embolic source was discovered, although the patient had taken a combination of levonorgestrel . . .
M21 Comparison of the effect of a ventilation multidisciplinary meeting on utilisation of critical care resources
Authors: A Bishopp, N Santana-Vaz, B Beauchamp, B Chakraborty, G Raghuraman, R Mukherjee
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> Optimal utilisation of critical care resources requires timely discharge of patients from critical care to appropriate wards. This represents a challenging and high risk transition. Local audits revealed that a few multimorbid patients with difficult respiratory weans accounted for 30% of critical care bed days. A weekly ventilation multidisciplinary team (VMDT) meeting combining respiratory and critical care expertise was established at a 692-bed hospital to improve management and resource use for this patient group. The effect was compared to a 2<sup>nd</sup> hospital within the same trust without VMDT. <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective comparison of 6 month periods before (period 1: 1/10/07–31/3/08) and after (period 2: 1/10/12–31/3/13) introducing VMDT was carried out using data collected for Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre. The same data was collected for a sister hospital, belonging to the same trust, without VMDT. The numbers of discharges to a respiratory ward with non- invasive ventilation (NIV) facilities were compared with Chi-Square test. The numbers of level 1 critical care bed days were compared with T test. <h3>Results</h3> In period 1, hospital 1 discharged 458 patients from critical care and hospital 2 discharged 456. In period 2 these figures were 494 (p = 0.30) and 495 (p = 0.84) respectively. There was no change to background parameters. The number of discharges to respiratory ward with NIV facilities increased significantly in hospital 1 (36 to 65, p = 0,011) after VMDT. Whilst the number of patients discharged to respiratory ward increased in hospital 2 this was not significant (9 to 19, p = 0.13). The number of level 1 bed days fell significantly (208 to 18, p &lt; 0.0000000001) in hospital 1. Hospital 2 saw an increase in level 1 days over the same period. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Introduction of VMDT increased the proportion of respiratory patients discharged to a respiratory ward from critical care and reduced level one bed days in hospital 1 by expediting the discharge of complex respiratory wean patients thereby increasing patient flow and liberating critical care resources. The same reduction was not observed in the hospital 2 suggesting this effect was not due to trust wide changes in critical care practice.
Hemodynamics in the Cirrhotic Patient during Paracentesis
Authors: C. Michael Knauer, Harold M. Lowe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE effect of increased intra-abdominal pressure due to ascites upon portal and systemic hemodynamics has not been directly documented although the hemodynamics of ascitic cirrhotic patients have been the subject of multiple studies.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 This investigation was designed to monitor the effect of measured gradual withdrawal of ascitic fluid upon hepatic-vein wedge pressure, inferior-vena-cava pressure, intraperitoneal pressure and cardiac output.Materials and MethodsTen patients with cirrhosis and tense ascites were studied. There were 5 men and 5 women, ranging in age from thirty-six to sixty-seven, with an average age of fifty-two years. All 10 patients gave a history of excessive . . .
Hypercalcemia in Pregnancy and Lactation Associated with Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein
Authors: F. Lepre, V. Grill, P.W.M. Ho, T.J. Martin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

To the Editor: Parathyroid hormone-related protein is produced by tumors associated with hypercalcemia and by a variety of normal tissues including lactating breast tissue1. We describe a woman who had hypercalcemia associated with elevated serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone-related protein during pregnancy and lactation. Lethargy, thirst, polyuria, and nocturia developed in a 34-year-old woman who was 35 weeks pregnant. Physical examination was normal. Her serum calcium concentration was 11.9 mg per deciliter (normal, 9.0 to 10.4) initially and 14.0 mg per deciliter at delivery at 38 weeks of gestation. The serum parathyroid hormone concentration was low. No evidence of . . .
296P miR-17 ∼ 92 activates the canonical NF-&amp;kgr;B signaling by targeting TNFAIP3, CYLD and Rnf11 in ABC-DLBCL lymphoma
Authors: X. Wang, H. Wang, C. Bi, X. Zhang, X. Huang, X. Zhang, J. Iqbal, G.W. Wright, L.M. Staudt, W.C. Chan, T.W. McKeithan, P. Wang, H. Zhang, K. Fu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Evaluating the Cardiovascular Safety of New Medications for Type 2 Diabetes: Time to Reassess?
Authors: Robert J. Smith, Allison B. Goldfine, William R. Hiatt
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a Guidance for Industry in 2008 defining preapproval and postapproval requirements for the demonstration of cardiovascular safety for all new medications developed for glycemic management in type 2 diabetes. Seventeen large, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trials involving more than 140,000 subjects thus far have been completed or are ongoing in accordance with this guidance. All five of the completed trials, involving three different drug classes, have met their primary objective to exclude an unacceptable level of ischemic cardiovascular risk as defined in the FDA guidance. Additionally, one trial found an increased risk of hospitalization for heart failure, and another demonstrated decreases in cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization for heart failure. Given that a heightened risk of cardiovascular ischemic events has not been demonstrated across several classes of new diabetes drugs, we believe it is time for the scientific community and the FDA to consider a more targeted approach to what is, in effect, a global cardiovascular safety trial requirement for all new type 2 diabetes medications in development.
P90 Towards a protocol for the management of very severe chronic lung disease
Authors: M Hurley, R Khetan, J Bhatt
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> While corticosteroids appear effective in reducing respiratory support requirements of babies with very severe chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD), controversy remains regarding the most appropriate route, timing, preparation and dosage. Using Delphi methodology, consensus was reached involving 4-weekly pulses of methylprednisolone for 3 days at 500 mg/m<sup>2</sup> in ventilator-dependent, or close to ventilation, babies in diffuse lung disease of childhood (Cunningham S., <i>et al</i>. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 189;2014:A4664). Use of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin also reached consensus. <h3>Aims and objectives</h3> To describe the features of those babies who received methylprednisolone, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin ("consensus treatment") for severe CLD compared to those who did not in order to inform the drafting of a protocol. <h3>Methods</h3> A prospective database detailing care of babies with severe CLD referred to the CLD service at Nottingham Children's Hospital Jan 2009–Dec 2014 was used. <h3>Results</h3> 147 children were referred to the service; 4 babies received consensus treatment. Those receiving consensus treatment were ventilated for longer 39(sd 4.6) versus 8(sd 16.8) days (p &lt; 0.001). Children receiving consensus treatment were significantly older at discharge 245(65) versus 95(45.5) days and were discharged with higher oxygen requirements (1.0(0.4) vs. 0.3(0.2) litres). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Babies with very severe CLD were successfully treated with consensus treatment. A change in practice toward discharge at higher oxygen delivery rates in such babies was safe. Further experience will refine the objective criteria for considering consensus treatment and would inform the design of a future randomised controlled trial.
Effect of casopitant, a novel neurokinin -1 (NK-1) receptor antagonist for prevention of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of steady-state warfarin
Authors: R. Blum, L. M. Adams, B. M. Johnson, K. Zhang, D. J. Eberwein, A. J. Allred, P. F. Lebowitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

20587 Background: In clinical studies, casopitant is a dose- and duration-dependent inhibitor of CYP3A4, as well as a moderate inducer of CYP2C9 in cultured human hepatocytes. As both of these enzymes have an important role in the metabolism of R- and S-warfarin, respectively, a clinical study was conducted to evaluate the PK and PD of steady-state warfarin when co-administered with casopitant in healthy adult subjects. Methods: All subjects received an individualized dose of warfarin to an international normalized ratio (INR) of 1.3 to 2.3, over a 14-day period (Period 1). Immediately following Period 1, each subject continued to receive their individualized dose of warfarin in Period 2, and were randomized to receive either: Regimen A, casopitant (150 mg Day 1, 50 mg Days 2 and 3) and warfarin (Days 1 to 10); or Regimen B, repeat-dose daily casopitant (60 mg) and warfarin from Days 1 to 14. INR assessments were made daily throughout Period 1 and 2, and warfarin PK were assessed on Day 14 of Period 1, and in Period 2, on Day 3 of Regimen A and Day 14 of Regimen B. Results: The steady-state Cmax and AUC of R- and S-warfarin was not significantly altered by co-administration of casopitant for 3 days (Regimen A); however, R- and S- warfarin AUC was increased 1.31 (90% CI: 1.22, 1.41) and 1.27 (90% CI: 1.18, 1.38) fold, respectively, in Regimen B. Despite the changes in PK observed in Regimen B, steady-state INR (measured by area under the INR curve, average INR, and maximum INR) were not significantly affected with either casopitant regimen. Conclusions: Additional INR monitoring is not required when steady- state warfarin is co-administered with 1 to 3-day regimens of casopitant for the prevention of CINV, or repeat-doses of 60 mg casopitant for up to 14 days. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration GlaxoSmithKline GlaxoSmithKline GlaxoSmithKline
The Value of Exfoliative Cytology to the General Practitioner
Authors: Nathan Chandler Foot
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

MOST practitioners of medicine are, by now, reasonably familiar with the implications of the term "exfoliative cytology" — at least they have heard something about this recently perfected method for detecting and diagnosing cells of malignant tumors in smears of human body fluids.The technic of exfoliative cytology has been greatly improved and, as a consequence, the results of examinations of such smears have become increasingly reliable. It is not at all uncommon for the cytologist to detect the presence of cancer in one or another system of the body before its presence has had time to provoke symptoms that definitely . . .
Serum Retinol and Risk of Subsequent Cancer: Extension of the Evans County, Georgia, Study&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Peleg, Izchak, Heyden, Siegfried, Knowles, Marilyn, Hames, Curtis G.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Journal Article Serum Retinol and Risk of Subsequent Cancer: Extension of the Evans County, Georgia, Study Get access Izchak Peleg, Izchak Peleg 2Evans County Heart Research, Claxton, Ga. 30417. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Siegfried Heyden, Siegfried Heyden 3Department of Community and Family Medicine, Box 2914, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C. 27710. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marilyn Knowles, Marilyn Knowles 4Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C. 27514. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Curtis G. Hames Curtis G. Hames 5 2Evans County Heart Research, Claxton, Ga. 30417. 5Address reprint requests to Dr. Hames. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 73, Issue 6, December 1984, Pages 1455–1458, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/73.6.1455 Published: 01 December 1984