tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TYPHOID FEVER IN YOUNG CHILDREN.
Authors: J P Kapoor, M Mohan, V Talwar, T S Daral, S K Bhargava
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Endoscopic therapy plus beta blocker is still the first choice for prevention of variceal rebleeding?
Authors: Gin‐Ho Lo
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

I read with interest the article by Holster et al. regarding the comparison of covered transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and endoscopic therapy plus beta blocker for the prevention of gastroesophageal variceal rebleeding.1 The researchers demonstrated that rebleeding was significantly reduced with the use of TIPS as compared with those receiving endoscopic therapy plus beta blocker. However, the survival was similar between both groups, and the incidence of early hepatic encephalopathy was significantly higher in the TIPS group. This trial implied that banding ligation plus beta blocker is still the first choice in the prevention of variceal rebleeding.2, 3 Several points deserve further clarification. In this trial, 6 of 37 patients allocated to the TIPS group were switched to the endoscopy arm, and another 6 of 35 patients allocated to the endoscopy arm were switched to the TIPS group. Thirty-eight percent in the endoscopy arm appeared to receive only one session of endoscopic therapy. We cannot know whether the variceal sizes were mostly small at first endoscopic therapy or variceal obliteration was not pursued to reduce variceal rebleeding. Injection sclerotherapy was performed in 5 patients of the endoscopy arm versus no patients in the TIPS group at index bleeding. Rebleeding rate was usually higher in patients receiving sclerotherapy instead of banding ligation and without variceal obliteration. All of these may create confusion in the interpretation of the results. Our previous study has shown that the use of beta blockers combined with isorbide mononitrate might have a higher incidence of rebleeding, with an improved long-term survival as compared with those receiving banding ligation alone.4 Thus, the modality with a reduced rebleeding could not be translated into an improved survival as shown in this trial. Stent stenosis or occlusion is another issue of concern. This issue has not been mentioned in this article. It is unknown whether a covered stent could resolve the problem of stent occlusion effectively. TIPS is an important tool to prevent portal hypertensive rebleeding. TIPS should be considered for early placement in high-risk patients, as a rescue for medical therapy failure, and in patients with concomitant large esophageal varices and gastric varices.5 Gin-Ho Lo, M.D.1,2 1Department of Medical Research Digestive Center E-DA Hospital Kaohsiung City, Taiwan 2School of Medicine for International Students I-Shou University Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
THU0049 Involvement of Mitochondrial DNA in Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Through Up-Regulation of RANK-L Expression by Neutrophils
Authors: S. Mitrovic, A. Contis, B. Faustin, R. Rossignol, C. Goizet, M.-E. Truchetet, E. Lazaro, C. Contin-Bordes, P. Duffau, C. Richez
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a highly potent inflammatory trigger. It is found as a circulating factor in the blood of various inflammatory diseases. Among the cells implicated in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), neutrophils possess the greatest cytotoxic potential, notably owing to their ability to release neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs). We hypothesized that neutrophils could also release metabolism-related products including mtDNA, and that this alarmin could induce, through a paracrine loop, the expression of RANK-L on neutrophils surface. <h3>Objectives</h3> To identify and quantify mtDNA in synovial fluids (SF) and plasma of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To identify the source of this mtDNA. To study the putative role of mtDNA on the RANK/RANK-L system. <h3>Methods</h3> The plasma and SF of patients were collected in the Rheumatology department. Samples were purified on appropriated kits, before quantifying extracellular mtDNA through quantitative PCR (qPCR). Neutrophils were isolated from SF and plasma and intracellular mtDNA was quantified by qPCR and normalized using intracellular nuclear DNA level. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) presence was searched by Western-Blot. Neutrophils were incubated with mtDNA extracted from JRT3 cells, and expression of RANK-L was analyzed by flow-cytometry. <h3>Results</h3> Extracellular mtDNA copies were found in SF at higher levels in RA patients compared to osteoarthritis (OA) patients (p=0.0007), especially in RA patients with high disease activity (figure 1 enclosed). Furthermore, extracellular mtDNA levels were statistically higher in RA plasma than in healthy donors plasma (p=0,02). Interestingly, we found a direct correlation between SF extracellular mtDNA levels and the number of neutrophils present in SF suggesting that neutrophils may be the source of mtDNA. Indeed, extracellular mtDNA is likely to be released by neutrophils since SF neutrophils from RA patients were characterized by a decrease of intracellular mtDNA level compared to blood neutrophils from healthy donors and RA patients. Moreover, TFAM was found in RA SF (6 out of 14), but never in OA SF. Finally incubation of neutrophils with mtDNA extracted from JRT3 cells up-regulated RANK-L expression by neutrophils at the cell surface. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our findings identify extracellular mtDNA, potentially released by SF neutrophils, as a potent autocrine amplifying loop mechanism leading to RANK-L up-regulation, and therefore to structural damages in RA patients. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> This work was supported by a grant from Société Française de Rhumatologie and SFR Transbiomed. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
PTU-331 Day case oesophageal self expanding metallic stent (sems) placement is safe and saves bed days:
Authors: V Balachandrakumar, A Goel, E Darling, M Hendrickse, V Mahesh
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> SEMS is an accepted endoluminal palliative treatment for symptom control in patients with oesophageal cancer. Current practice of SEMS placement including techniques, pre and post procedure care varies widely across the UK; with many hospitals admitting patients both pre and post procedure.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Aim</h3> To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of day case SEMS placement for oesophagogastric cancer. <h3>Method</h3> Retrospective case note review of all patients undergoing SEMS placement from Jan 2012 to Dec 2014 was performed. Day case patients were admitted to the endoscopy unit in the morning, standard consent and sedation procedures was followed. SEMS inserted under radiological and endoscopic or endoscopic guidance alone. Patients were monitored for 1.5–2 hrs post procedure, nurse led discharge with a prescription for oral liquid opiates, antiemetics and Proton pump inhibitors. All had telephonic access to a dedicated cancer specialist nurse during working hours and on call team out of hours. Inpatients needing stenting followed similar protocol for post-procedure care. Relevant outcomes data was collected and statistical analyses were performed on GraphPad Prism Version 6 and Epi Info 7. <h3>Results</h3> 138 procedures were carried out on 127 patients (41 women, 86 men) with a median age 78.2 (IQR 69–83.25, Range 52–96). 93 patients had adenocarcinoma, 26 squamous cell carcinoma, 6 extrinsic compression and 2 benign diseases. SEMS deployment was successfully achieved in all 138 procedures, 79 as day case (DC) and the rest 59 as inpatients (IP). Median stent length used was comparable in the groups DC 11 cm (IQR 10–12), IP 11 cm (IQR 10–12.5). Good dysphagia alleviation was obtained in both groups (dysphagia scores: IP cohort pre-stent 2.7 ± 0.16, post-stent 0.57 ± 0.66 P &lt; 0.001; DC cohort pre-stent 2.63 ± 0.11, post-stent 0.48 ± 0.17 P &lt; 0.001). Median survival was 136 days (IQR 43–171) in IP group and 125 days (IQR 29.65–183.5) in DC group. DC cohort reported more post procedure pain requiring analgesia and reflux symptoms as compared to IP. Bleeding (minor), stent migration and 30 day mortality was comparable in the two groups. No major procedure related complications reported. <h3>Conclusion</h3> SEMS placement as day case is safe and complication rates and mortality is equivalent to inpatients. In our hospital, the basic cost of a general medical hospital bed day is £330, thereby equating to a £26000 in total cost saving per day of admission in bed cost. Day case SEMS produced a reduction in hospital admissions and hospital bed day occupancy with major cost savings. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> The Royal College of Surgeons of England, National Oesophago-gastric Cancer Audit, 2013
AB0436 Persistence of Clinical Remission by a Decreased Treatment Regimen of 4 MG/KG Intravenous Tocilizumab: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: A. Giollo, O. Viapiana, G. Orsolini, S. Liuzza, S. Troplini, M. Risoli, I. Dal Forno, L. Idolazzi, D. Gatti, M. Rossini, S. Adami
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> The aim of the Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) treatment is the achievement of remission or low disease activity in the shortest possible time. The EULAR Task Force suggests that in cases of persistent remission, after tapering glucocorticoids, patients and physicians may decide together to titrate the dose of conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or consider tapering biological DMARDs. <h3>Objectives</h3> The objective of this study is to evaluate in RA patients on remission after a standard tocilizumab (TCZ) dose (8mg/kg/month) the persistence of remission by halving the dose. <h3>Methods</h3> The patients in persistent (&gt;1 year without flare) clinical remission (DAS28 &lt;2.6) and with the absence of US signs of disease activity were included in this study. They were assigned consecutively (1: 1) to continue TCZ at a standard-dose regimen (8 mg/kg) or to 4 mg/kg reduced-dose regimen. Clinical and US evaluations were performed every 2 months in all patients. The clinical assessment included: anthropometric and demographic characteristics (age, sex, height, weight), disease duration, laboratory markers (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate [ESR], C –Reactive Protein [CRP], rheumatoid factor, Anti–citrullinated protein antibody [ACPA], complete blood count, liver and renal function tests), disease activity scores (DAS28-CRP). <h3>Results</h3> Nineteen of the 26 RA patients treated with tocilizumab in our Unit met the first inclusion criteria for randomization, i.e.: persistent clinical remission (DAS28 &lt;2.6). However, 4 of these patients had US signs of disease activity. The other 15 patients did not show any sign of US disease activity and were therefore assigned consecutively with a 1: 1 ratio to continue TCZ at a standard-dose regimen (8 mg/kg) or to 4 mg/kg reduced-dose regimen. No significant or relevant differences between the 2 groups of patients were observed. Over the 12 months of follow up the mean DAS28 values were very similar in patients who continued the standard 8mg/kg TCZ dose and in those who switched to a reduced dose of 4 mg/kg. In none of them a disease flare in terms of both DAS28 and US assessment was observed. <h3>Conclusions</h3> For the tiny number of subjects and the relatively short follow up, we are not able to draw conclusions, but our results indicate that in patients with severe RA, unresponsive to anti-TNFα agents and achieving a full remission with TCZ treatment a dose tapering to 4 mg/kg may be considered, keeping in mind the positive consequences on the economic burden of therapy and that TCZ safety profile is dose dependent. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Sunlight as a Causal Factor in Cancer of the Skin of Man
Authors: Harold F. Blum
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1948)

Sunlight as a Causal Factor in Cancer of the Skin of Man Get access Harold F. Blum Harold F. Blum National Cancer Institute and Department of Biology, Princeton University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 9, Issue 3, December 1948, Pages 247–258, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/9.3.247 Published: 01 December 1948 Article history Received: 25 February 1948 Published: 01 December 1948
A phase III, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study comparing monotherapy with ipilimumab or gp100 peptide vaccine and the combination in patients with previously treated, unresectable stage III or IV melanoma.
Authors: S. O'Day, F. S. Hodi, D. F. McDermott, R. W. Weber, J. A. Sosman, J. B. Haanen, X. Zhu, M. J. Yellin, A. Hoos, W. J. Urba
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

4 Background: Ipilimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, demonstrated activity in advanced melanoma. Gp100 vaccine showed immunological and clinical responses, and enhanced clinical activity when combined with other immunotherapy. This phase III study compared efficacy and safety of ipilimumab or gp100 monotherapy and combination. Methods: Eligible patients (HLA-A*0201 + previously treated adults with unresectable stage III/IV melanoma) were randomized 1:3:1 to ipilimumab (3 mg/kg q3w x 4 doses) + placebo (n=137), ipilimumab + gp100 (peptides 209-217[210M] and 280-288 [288V]; 1mg q3w x 4 doses; n=403), or gp100 + placebo (n=136). There was no maintenance phase. Primary endpoint was comparison of overall survival (OS) between patients who received combination versus gp100 alone; secondary endpoints were all other OS comparisons, best overall response rate (BORR), disease control rate (DCR) to W24, progression-free survival (PFS), and safety. Results: The study demonstrated statistically significant results for all efficacy endpoints (below). Ipilimumab alone or combined with gp100 resulted in a significant improvement in OS with risk reduction of 32-34% compared to gp100. Significant differences in DCR, BORR, and PFS were observed. Adverse events with ipilimumab were consistent with prior studies: generally mild, immune-related, and medically manageable. Conclusions: Ipilimumab is the first agent to improve median and long-term OS in a phase III study of previously treated patients with advanced melanoma. Addition of gp100 vaccine to ipilimumab did not improve outcome. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Elucidation and Therapeutic Targeting Of The Molecular Mechanism Of TRIB2-Mediated Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Fiona Lohan, Ciaran Forde, Mara Salome, Caitriona O'Connor, Fiona Bailey, Mary R Cahill, Ruud Delwel, Patrick Eyers, Patrick Kiely, Karen Keeshan
Journal: Blood (2013)
<i>Ex Vivo</i> Testing of Patient-Derived Xenografts Mirrors the Clinical Outcome of Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: David Roife, Bingbing Dai, Ya'an Kang, Mayrim V. Rios Perez, Michael Pratt, Xinqun Li, Jason B. Fleming
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Purpose: Translation of the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model into a method for practical personalized cancer treatment is prevented by the intense resources and time necessary to generate and test each tumorgraft. We aimed to develop a high-throughput ex vivo drug testing approach that can be used for personalized cancer treatment design. Experimental Design: We developed a unique ex vivo live tissue sensitivity assay (LTSA), in which precision-cut and uniform small tissue slices derived from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma PDX tumors were arrayed in a 96-well plate and screened against clinically relevant regimens within 3 to 5 days. The correlation between the sensitivities of tissue slices to the regimens and patients' clinical responses and outcome were statistically analyzed. The results of LTSA assay were further confirmed with biochemical methods in vitro and animal PDX model in vivo. Results: The ex vivo tissue slices remain viable for at least 5 days, and the tumor parenchyma, including stroma, vascular structures, and signaling pathways, are all retained. The sensitivities of the ex vivo tissue slices to gemcitabine and irinotecan was consistent with the clinical responses and outcomes of the patients from whom the tumorgrafts were derived (r = 0.77; P = 0.0002). Retrospective analysis showed that the patients who received LTSA-sensitive regimens had remarkably longer progression-free survival than patients who received LTSA-resistant regimens (16.33 vs. 3.8 months; n = 18, P = 0.011). Conclusions: The results from these PDX and LTSA methods reflect clinical patients' responses and could be used as a personalized strategy for improving systemic therapy effectiveness in patients with pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6021–30. ©2016 AACR.
Recommendations of the ESGE Workshop on Informed Consent for Digestive Endoscopy
Authors: C Stanciu, B Novis, S Ladas, A Sommerville, P Zabovowski, P Isaacs, G Papatheodoridis, T James
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Informed or valid consent is a cornerstone of good medical practice, and the issue of consent must always be addressed in any procedure. As one aspect of the consent process, patients have the right to information about their own medical care as well as the right to accept or reject any recommended investigative procedure and/or therapy.
Influence of Adrenocortical, Androgenic, and Anabolic Hormones on the Development of Carcinoma and Cirrhosis of the Liver in A × C Rats Fed &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-2-Fluorenyldiacetamide&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Harlan I. Firminger, Melvin D. Reuber
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)

An experimental model was developed to detect the role of various endocrine organs and their hormones in the induction of cirrhosis and carcinoma of the liver. This model uses inbred A × C rats, fed 0.025 percent N-2-fluorenyldiacetamide in a semisynthetic diet according to a regimen that produces less than 100 percent of tumors in susceptible intact males surviving the induction period of 25 weeks. With this model it was found that: 1) Male rats were far more susceptible to cirrhosis and carcinoma of the liver than female rats. 2) Castration protected male rats against cirrhosis but showed little effect on tumor induction. 3) Simultaneous administration of testosterone restored the susceptibility to cirrhosis in castrated males and resulted in both cirrhosis and carcinoma in intact and castrated female rats. 4) Castrated female rats, given testosterone 4 months after the carcinogen was stopped, failed to develop either cirrhosis or carcinoma. 5) Adrenalectomy seemed to offer some protection against cirrhosis but not against tumors. Adrenalectomized female animals given testosterone were far more susceptible to tumors than intact females given testosterone. 6) Deoxycorticosterone acetate had a striking protective effect both against cirrhosis and carcinoma in male rats. 7) Norethandrolone, an anabolic hormone with minimal androgenic activity in the dosage administered, was equally potent to testosterone in promoting cirrhosis and carcinoma of the liver in all the groups tested. 8) The presence of anabolic hormone, either testosterone or norethandrolone, affected not only the incidence but also the morphology of the tumors, since poorly differentiated tumors were found only in animals subjected to exogenously administered testosterone or norethandrolone or endogenous testosterone. These findings suggest a close correlation between carcinogenesis and the level of protein metabolism of the liver cells at the time the carcinogen is administered. The possible relationship of protein metabolism to a mechanism of carcinogenesis is described.
Aging Changes in CD®-1 HaM/ICR Mice Reared Under Standard Laboratory Conditions 2
Authors: F. Homburger, A. B. Russfield,, J. H. Weisburger, S. Lim, S.P. Chak, E. K. Weisburger
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Journal Article Aging Changes in CD®-1 HaM/ICR Mice Reared Under Standard Laboratory Conditions Get access F. Homburger, F. Homburger Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. B. Russfield,, A. B. Russfield, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. H. Weisburger, J. H. Weisburger Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Lim, S. Lim Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S.P. Chak, S.P. Chak Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. K. Weisburger E. K. Weisburger Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 55, Issue 1, July 1975, Pages 37–45, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/55.1.37 Published: 01 July 1975 Article history Received: 13 June 1974 Revision received: 13 February 1975 Accepted: 14 March 1975 Published: 01 July 1975
Sardinian G gamma-HPFH: a T----C substitution in a conserved "octamer" sequence in the G gamma-globin promoter
Authors: S Ottolenghi, S Nicolis, R Taramelli, N Malgaretti, R Mantovani, P Comi, B Giglioni, M Longinotti, F Dore, L Oggiano
Journal: Blood (1988)