tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is MRI suitable for conclusive work-up of suspicious findings in mammography and ultrasound?
Authors: Kevin Strobel, Simone Schrading, Christiane K. Kuhl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

3 Background: The current ACR practice guidelines discourage use of MRI for work-up of suspicious findings in mammography (Mx) and ultrasound (US). We investigated whether additional breast MRI assessment of suspicious Mx and U.S. findings could improve PPV and thus possibly help reduce the number of biopsies for false positive findings in Mx or U.S. Methods: Between 06/2010 and 04/2012, a total 2,754 patients underwent DCE breast MRI. Of these, 277 underwent MRI for further work-up of suspicious findings made in Mx (n=173, 57 patients with mass lesions, 33 with asymmetries, 12 with architectural distortions, and 71 with suspicious calcifications) or U.S. (n=104, 74 with masses, 30 with miscellaneous U.S. findings such as suspected intraductal pathology, focal acoustic shadowing or architectural distortions) . All lesions categorized as MR-BIRADS 4 and 5 underwent biopsy, lesions categorized as MR-BIRADS 1 or 2 did not proceed to biopsy, except for selected women with mammographic calcifications suggestive of DCIS. Lesions categorized as MR-BIRADS 3 underwent additional short term follow-up by MRI, US and/or Mx. All women who did not undergo biopsy (MR-BIRADS 1-3) underwent long term follow-up for so far 12-24 months. Results: For suspicious lesions in mammography, MRI increased PPV from 19.3% (11/57) to 92.3% (12/13) for masses, from 3% (1/33) to 33.3% (1/3) for asymmetries, from 8.3% (1/12) to 25% (1/4) for architectural distortions and from 21.1% (15/71) to 62.5% (15/24) for calcifications. For suspicious lesions in ultrasound, MRI increased PPV from 13.5% (10/74) to 71.4% (10/14) for masses and from 3.3% (1/30) to 50% (1/2) for non-mass U.S. findings. In 4/277 patients, MRI showed additional suspicious findings, requiring MR-guided biopsy, one of which was histologically proven malignant. So far, none of the patients who, because of an MR-BIRADS 1-3, did not undergo biopsy has been diagnosed with invasive cancer or DCIS or with progressive conventional imaging findings necessitating secondary biopsy. Conclusions: MRI improves PPV for both suspicious Mx and U.S. findings, especially mass lesions. In experienced hands, careful use of MRI can help avoid biopsies for false positive diagnoses made in Mx and U.S.
FRI0515 Neutrophil-Specific S100A12 Phenotype Correlates to Genotype in Familial Mediterranean Fever
Authors: F. Gohar, B. Orak, M. Jeske, M. Lieber, H. von Bernuth, A. Giese, E. Weissbarth-Riedel, P. Haas, F. Dressler, D. Holzinger, P. Lohse, U. Neudorf, E. Lainka, T. Kallinich, D. Foell, H. Wittkowski
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an autoinflammatory disorder associated with MEFV pyrin-encoding gene mutations. S100A12 is a pro-inflammatory “damage associated molecular pattern” molecule and is strongly elevated in active FMF <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the association between genotype and S100A12 secretion in clinically active, inactive and subclinical disease <i>in vitro</i> and <i>ex vivo</i>. <h3>Methods</h3> Serum S100A12 concentration was retrospectively analysed for 125 patients in the German Auto-Inflammatory Diseases Network (AID-Net) Registry according to disease activity and genotype. <i>In vitro</i>, secretion of S100A12, IL-18, IL-1beta and caspase-1 was measured after stimulation of neutrophils from six <i>M694V</i>-positive patients and four healthy controls (HC). <h3>Results</h3> S100A12 hypersecretion correlated significantly with clinical disease activity and also with genotype in a “gene-dosing” way, being highest in homozygotes &gt; compound heterozygotes &gt; heterozygotes. <i>M694V</i>-positive heterozygous, compound heterozygous or homozygous patients h had higher S100A12 concentration during inactive and subclinical disease than <i>M694V-</i>negative heterozygous, compound heterozygous or homozygous patients respectively. <i>In vitro</i>, unstimulated neutrophils from <i>M694V</i>-positive patient spontaneously secreted higher S100A12, IL-8 and caspase-1 compared to healthy controls. Colchicine significantly inhibited secretion of S100A12 from stimulated and unstimulated patient neutrophils. <h3>Conclusions</h3> FMF phenotype is known to be more severe in patients with <i>M694V</i> mutations. We describe for the first time a biomarker that correlates with clinical disease activity and FMF genotype both <i>ex vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>, which has implications for clinical management. <h3>References</h3> Wittkowski H. et al. Pediatr Rheumatol 2008. Kallinich T. et al. ARD 2010. Jeske M et al. Klin Pädiatrie 2013. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Utilization of Uracil by Acetylaminofluorenetreated Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;, &lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: A CANTAROW, K E PASCHKIS, R J RUTMAN
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1955)
Response to ‘Darier disease in Israel: combined evaluation of genetic and neuropsychiatric aspects’: reply from the authors
Authors: R.P. Dodiuk‐Gad, E. Cohen‐Barak, M. Khayat, H. Milo, L. Amariglio‐Diskin, N. Danial‐Faran, M. Sah, M. Ziv, A. Shani‐Adir, B. Amichai, A. Zlotogorski, Z. Borochowitz, D. Rozenman, S. Shalev
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)
Metric Medicine for a Metric America
Authors: E.J. H.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Editorials1 January 1972Metric Medicine for a Metric AmericaE.J. H.E.J. H.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-1-138 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn August 1968 the Congress authorized the Secretary of Commerce, in Public Law 90-072, "to make a study to determine advantages and disadvantages of increased use of the metric system in the United States" (1).The U.S. Metric Study thus authorized was conducted by the National Bureau of Standards. Among the evidence gathered in the course of the study were opinions on the desirability of a metric changeover and estimates of the cost-benefits that might ensue from the change. Over 700 trade, consumer, labor, and professional associations were invited to give their views on the issue (2); most of them...References1. : A Metric America: A Decision Whose Time Has Come. National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 345 (SD Catalog No. C13.10:345). Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971 Google Scholar2. : U.S. Metric Study Interim Report: Testimony of Nationally Representative Groups. National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 345-12 (SD Catalog No. C13.10:345-12). Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971 Google Scholar3. : U.S. Metric Study Interim Report: Federal Government: Civilian Agencies. National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 345-2 (SD Catalog No. C13.10:345-2). Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971 Google Scholar4. : The International System of Units (SI). Edited by PAGE CH, VIGOUREUX P. National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 330 (SD Catalog No. C13.10:330). Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1972Volume 76, Issue 1Page: 138-139 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Tolerability and efficacy of classical CMF (cCMF) using oral cyclophosphamide (OC) vs intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVC) in early stage breast cancer: A non-randomised comparison of patients (pts) treated in the National Epirubicin Adjuvant Trial (NEAT)
Authors: D. W. Rea, L. Hiller, H. M. Earl, J. A. Dunn, S. Bathers, D. Spooner, R. J. Grieve, R. K. Agrawal, C. J. Poole
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

595 Background: The NEAT study reported that Epirubicin x 4 cycles followed by cCMF x 4 cycles (ECMF) is well tolerated and provides a 30% relative reduction in risk of relapse or death compared to cCMF x 6 cycles (Proc ASCO 2003,13). This implies a continued role for inclusion of the cCMF combination as part of anthracycline containing standard adjuvant practice. Optimal delivery of cCMF therefore remains an important clinical issue. NEAT study investigators registered, their intent to use OC (100mg/m2 d1–14) or IVC (600mg/m2 d1+8) prior to randomisation between ECMF or CMF. Methods: We performed an efficacy, toxicity and delivered dose intensity (DI) analysis of OC and IVC. 67% of the 2021 pts were registered for OC; 29% for IVC. Groups are balanced for prognostic variables, including randomised treatment. Of the 1985 pts with full dose information, 63% received only OC and 31% only IVC, on which an efficacy analysis was performed. DI was calculable on 9156 cycles; 68% with OC, 32% IVC. Toxicity information is available on 8286 cycles; 67% containing OC, 33% IVC. Results: Most toxicities reported were mild (Grade 1 or 2). Cycles containing OC have worse nausea, fatigue and diarrhoea (all p<0.01), with total reported G1–4 incidences, for OC vs IVC cycles, 50% vs 40%, 72% vs 52% and 22% vs 15% respectively. IVC was associated with more neutropenic sepsis; 3.1% vs 2.3% (p=0.05). The proportion of IVC cycles administered at ≥85% DI was higher than for OC cycles (83% vs 76%, p<0.0001). With 3.3 years median follow up, 197 (16%) of the 1262 OC pts had died and 75 (12%) of the 611 IVC pts (logrank p=0.11). 259 (21%) OC pts had relapsed or died and 103 (17%) IVC pts (logrank p=0.10). Conclusions: Apart from a modest rise in neutropenic sepsis cCMF with IVC is better tolerated, facilitates increased DI and has no apparent loss of efficacy. IVC can therefore routinely replace OC in cCMF. The trend towards superior overall and relapse-free- survival in this non-randomised comparison generates a hypothesis that IVC may be more effective than OC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Isosafrole and schizophrenia-like psychosis
Authors: G I Keitner, M Sabaawi, R J Haier
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

A 19-year-old man developed a schizophrenia-like psychosis after ingesting isosafrole. His use of amphetamines and LSD failed to produce a similar syndrome. Isosafrole may provide another biochemical model for schizophrenia.
Characterization of Tissue Metabolism of Transplanted Mouse Melanomas by High Oxidative Response to Paraphenylenediamine&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Dean Burk, Glenn H. Algire, Marie L. Hesselbach, Clara E. Fischer, Frances Y. Legallais
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1947)

Characterization of Tissue Metabolism of Transplanted Mouse Melanomas by High Oxidative Response to Paraphenylenediamine Get access Dean Burk, Dean Burk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Glenn H. Algire, Glenn H. Algire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marie L. Hesselbach, Marie L. Hesselbach Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clara E. Fischer, Clara E. Fischer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Frances Y. Legallais Frances Y. Legallais National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 7, Issue 6, June 1947, Pages 425–429, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/7.6.425 Published: 01 June 1947 Article history Received: 07 January 1947 Published: 01 June 1947
Reply:
Authors: Norah Terrault, Jennifer Dodge, Miriam Alter
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

We appreciate Dr. Halfon's interest in our study. As highlighted by the study title and conclusions regarding counseling messages,1 our study specifically addresses monogamous heterosexual couples and not other populations such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM). As Dr. Halfon notes, our study provides a quantitative assessment of sexual activities to further support the counseling messages. Among heterosexual partnerships, couples reported having vaginal sex a median of 12 times per month; 65% had sex during menses, 30% had anal sex, and the majority indicated that regular use of condoms was infrequent. Importantly, we found no specific sexual practices associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission risk but acknowledge that the low rate of HCV infection among partners limited our ability to detect such associations. The comments by Dr. Halfon regarding the risks of anal sex are largely drawn from MSM and HIV-infected persons, which represent a very different group with respect to risk from anal sex practices and other factors potentially influencing the risk of HCV transmission. As we have previously highlighted, sexual transmission of HCV likely requires special circumstances, such as a disrupted genital mucosa, the presence of bacteria or other viruses, and/or an altered mucosal immunity. Anal sex or the presence of a sexually transmitted disease may represent one of those "special" circumstances, but in the setting of HIV-infected MSM, other factors (including those related to HIV infection) may be equally or more important. A case report of possible anal transmission in a heterosexual couple2 does not provide sufficient epidemiological evidence to draw conclusions regarding the risk of anal sex for the population of heterosexual couples. In conclusion, recommendations for HIV-infected MSM cannot be generalized to HIV-uninfected heterosexual couples. HCV transmission by sex in monogamous heterosexual couples is a rare event, no specific sexual practices have been identified that may increase that risk, and thus no evidence-based recommendations regarding use of condoms with anal sex or sex during menses can be made. However, we believe that counseling messages regarding risks of sexual transmission should be individualized, including consideration of condom use as a means of reducing the already very low risk of HCV transmission to zero. NORAH TERRAULT, M.D.1 JENNIFER DODGE, M.P.H.1 MIRIAM ALTER, PH.D.2 1Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 2Division of Infectious Diseasesm University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
Retinopathy
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2005)

RetinopathyT he retina lines the back two thirds of the eye and is responsible for receiving visual images.Retinopathy means disease of the retina.There are several types of retinopathy but all involve disease of the small retinal blood vessels.Signs of retinopathy (see photograph) can be seen when the retina is viewed through the pupil with an ophthalmoscope.The January 5, 2005, issue of JAMA includes an article about retinopathy as an early sign of cardiovascular disease.
<i>Woman at the Window</i>
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2016)

In Woman at the Window, painted in 1822 by the German landscape artist Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840), a woman has opened a shutter to watch some boats go by. Soft gray light fills the window overhead and highlights the folds of her pleated dress. The earth tones of the dress match the shutters and the floor, and the gathers in the fabric soften the angles of the room. The woman’s head and shoulders are framed by the open shutter, which is in turn framed by the window, the alcove, and the floorboards; the edges of the windowpanes form a cross. The model for this painting was Friedrich’s wife, Caroline, and her comfortable presence in the creative sanctuary of his studio says something about the integration of work and family life and the painter’s desire to connect his interior and exterior worlds.
The social integration of psychiatric patients in nursing homes
Authors: W R Shadish, R R Bootzin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

The authors explored self-reports of the social integration of 163 chronically ill psychiatric patients who were admitted to 12 nursing homes over a 1-year period. Results suggest that nursing home care for psychiatric patients is custodial and institutional in character and that the social integration of such patients is generally low. Nursing home patients had lower scores than outpatients but not inpatients on a measure of social participation; they were similar to both these groups on measures of spending and employment. Levels of social integration changed little over 1 year, either for better or for worse.
A Cluster of Ocular Syphilis Cases — Seattle, Washington, and San Francisco, California, 2014–2015
Authors: Sophie Woolston, Stephanie E. Cohen, Robyn Neblett Fanfair, Sarah C. Lewis, Christina M. Marra, Matthew R. Golden
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015)

Abbreviation: CI = confidence interval.* Used cigarettes or cigars on one or more days, but did not use marijuana during the 30 days preceding the surveys.† Used marijuana one or more times, but did not use cigarettes or cigars during the 30 days preceding the surveys.§ Used cigarettes or cigars on one or more days, or used marijuana one or more times during the 30 days preceding the surveys.¶ Students with missing data for cigarette use, cigar use, marijuana use, or sex and students who did not self-identify as non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, or Hispanic were excluded from the analysis.** Significant linear trend during 1997-2013 (p<0.01).† † Significant quadratic trend during 1997-2013 (p<0.01).
Effects of Lytic Agents on Plasma Membrane of Ehrlich Ascites-Tumor Cells and Mouse Erythrocytes&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: L R BENNETT, F E CONNON
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1957)

Journal Article Effects of Lytic Agents on Plasma Membrane of Ehrlich Ascites-Tumor Cells and Mouse Erythrocytes Get access Leslie R. Bennett, Leslie R. Bennett Department of Radiology and the Atomic Energy Project, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Frank E. Connon Frank E. Connon Department of Radiology and the Atomic Energy Project, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 19, Issue 6, December 1957, Pages 999–1011, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/19.6.999 Published: 01 December 1957 Article history Received: 01 November 1956 Published: 01 December 1957
Inverse relationship between defensiveness and lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorder
Authors: R D Lane, K R Merikangas, G E Schwartz, S S Huang, B A Prusoff
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

Defensiveness (the tendency not to report unfavorable information about oneself), as measured by the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, has been shown to be inversely correlated with self-reported symptoms. In this family study of depression, direct interviews with 380 subjects combined with relatives' reports revealed a similar inverse relationship between defensiveness and lifetime prevalence of any psychiatric disorder, especially when diagnostic status was most certain and among those at greater risk for psychopathology. The authors conclude that the Marlowe-Crowne scale measures a factor or trait associated with the relative absence of psychiatric disorder, not the underreporting or denial of disorder.
Interventional Radiology for the Management of Inoperable Carcinoma of the Oesophagus
Authors: H.-U. Laasch, D. Martin, Y. Do, M. Köcher, P.-J. Valette
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Malignant dysphagia from oesophageal cancer aggravates malnutrition and tumor cachexia and eventually leads to the inability to swallow even saliva.
SAT0081 Lack of Correlation Between Carotid Ultrasound and Disease Duration or Specific Features of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: M. Santos Gόmez, A. Corrales, L. Riancho-Zarrabeitia, J. Rueda-Gotor, R. Blanco, T. Pina, M. Ά. González-Gay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CD) when compared with the general population. <h3>Objectives</h3> We assessed if the inflammatory burden, the disease activity as well as specific features of the disease correlate with the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with RA. <h3>Methods</h3> A cohort of patients with RA without cardiovascular events was studied in a tertiary University Hospital. Carotid ultrasonography was performed by a MyLab 70 scanner (Esaote; Genoa, Italy), equipped with 7–12 MHz linear transducer and the automated software guided technique radiofrequency – Quality Intima Media Thickness in real-time (QIMT, Esaote, Maastricht, Holland) to determine carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and plaques, according to the Mannheim Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Consensus. We analyzed disease duration (&gt;2 years, 2-10, &gt;10 years), rheumatoid Factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) status, and PCR and ESR. DAS28 and SDAI were calculated. Logistic regression analyses were performed. <h3>Results</h3> We assessed 592 patients with RA (456 women/136 men; mean age 59±13 years) without history of cardiovascular events. Among them, 55% and 47% of patients had RF+ and ACPA+ respectively (61% were RF+ and/or ACPA +). The prevalence of plaques was not increased in RF+ and/or ACPA+ patients: OR: 1.02 [0.73-1.43] or in those with erosions on plain radiograph: OR: 1.03 [0.74-1.45]. A significant correlation between the mean CRP values in the last 5 years prior to carotid ultrasound and the cIMT (p=0.012) or the presence of carotid plaques (p=0.006) was found. However, this significant correlation was not observed after adjustment for age and smoking. No correlation between carotid ultrasound and DAS28 and SDAI was found. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our study does not support a correlation between subclinical atherosclerosis assessed by carotid ultrasound and disease duration or specific features of RA. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Markers of tolerance development to food allergens
Authors: M. Ponce, S. C. Diesner, Z. Szépfalusi, T. Eiwegger
Journal: Allergy (2016)

IgE-mediated reactions to food allergens are the most common cause of anaphylaxis in childhood. Although allergies to cow's milk, egg, or soy proteins, in contrast to peanut and tree nut allergens, resolve within the first 6 years of life in up to 60% due to natural tolerance development, this process is not well understood. At present, there is no cure or treatment for food allergy that would result in an induction of tolerance to the symptom-eliciting food. Avoidance, providing an emergency plan and education, is the standard of treatment. Oral immunotherapeutic approaches have been proven reasonable efficacy; however, they are associated with high rates of side-effects and low numbers of patients achieving tolerance. Nevertheless, mechanisms that take place during oral immunotherapy may help to understand tolerance development. On the basis of these therapeutic interventions, events like loss of basophil activation and induction of regulatory lymphocyte subsets and of blocking antibodies have been described. Their functional importance at a clinical level, however, remains to be investigated in detail. Consequently, there is eminent need to understand the process of tolerance development to food allergens and define biomarkers to develop and monitor new treatment strategies for food allergy.