tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Balantidial Dysentery
Authors: A. A. Miller, C. R. Peck
Journal: BMJ (1948)

A preliminary pathological report suggested that it was epiblastic in origin, but after further examination it was con- sidered to be a mesoblastoma, probably synovioma.Radio- graphy of the chest was negative for any secondaries, and that of the ankle negative for bone involvement; there were no palpable enlarged glands.On account of this pathological report operation was decided upon, and in March, 1947, amputation was performed at the junction of the middle and lower thirds of the thigh.The pathological report of the amputated specimen stated: "The specimen is a mesoblastic tumour-i.e., a synovioma-not resembling the original speci- men, which is more fibroblastic than endothelial, with little haemosiderosis.It is involving the ankle-joint and tip of the astragalus." (Figs.A and B.)
Psychosurgery: some current observations
Authors: S A Shevitz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

The term "psychosurgery" encompasses a wide variety of different neurosurgical procedures applied in the treatment of behavioral and psychiatric disorders. Arguments about the effectiveness and ethicality of psychosurgery are often based on studies using outdated procedures or inappropriate patient populations. The debate over psychosurgery is also obscured by the frequent confusion between its use in classical psychiatric syndromes and in such controversial areas as aggression or violent behavior associated with temporal lobe epilepsy. The author believes that such factors need to be clarified so that practitioners can choose a personal position based on sound medical fact.
Elevated HOXC6/DLX1 mRNA biomarker levels in urine to help select patients at increased risk for high-grade prostate cancer detection upon prostate biopsy.
Authors: Rianne Hendriks, Siebren Dijkstra, Erik Bastiaan Cornel, Sander Jannink, Hans de Jong, Daphne Hessels, Willem Melchers, Frank Smit, Gisele Leyten, Theo De Reijke, Henk Vergunst, Paul Kil, Ben Knipscheer, Christina Hulsbergen-van de Kaa, Peter Mulders, Inge Van Oort, Jack Schalken
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

31 Background: The major challenge in prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostics is to improve the early detection of clinically significant or high-grade PCa, especially in the sPSA "grey-zone" (4-10 ng/ml). Ideally, PCa-specific biomarkers would be obtained non-invasively, for example derived from urine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression levels and clinical utility of the recently identified urinary HOXC6-DLX1 mRNA biomarker combination in men at risk of having high-grade PCa. Methods: From two prospective, multicenter studies, a total of 863 post-DRE urine samples were collected from men with elevated sPSA levels before undergoing a prostate biopsy procedure. The HOXC6-DLX1 mRNA biomarkers were measured in urine using RT-qPCR and results were quantified using the Delta DeltaCt method (ΔΔCT), normalized and expressed in a score from 1 to 1421. Results: The HOXC6-DLX1 risk score was significantly higher in urine from patients with high-grade PCa upon prostate biopsy compared to no PCa and PCa Gleason score ≤6. In the sPSA "grey-zone", the HOXC6-DLX1 combination had the highest area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 0.67 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58-0.75) for prediction of high-grade PCa upon prostate biopsy in cohort A and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.59-0.76) in cohort B; as compared to sPSA with an AUC of 0.60 (95% CI: 0.51-0.70) and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.52-0.73) respectively. Overall, elevated HOXC6-DLX1 risk scores correlated with an increased risk of high-grade PCa detected on biopsy; 47% of men with a score &gt;108 had significant cancer as compared to 6% with a risk score &lt;17. Using a HOXC6-DLX1 risk score cut-off of 27.5 in the sPSA "grey-zone", 165 biopsies (31%) could have been avoided, and only 4% of patients with high-grade PCa would have been missed. Conclusions: The urine-based HOXC6-DLX1 assay provides a non-invasive solution to improve the selection of patients at increased risk for high-grade PCa who would benefit most from a prostate biopsy procedure, while reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies, particularly in the sPSA "grey-zone".
Intraoperative Low-Tidal-Volume Ventilation
Authors: Emmanuel Futier, Bruno Pereira, Samir Jaber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

To the Editor: We are troubled by the ventilation strategy selected for the control group (or nonprotective-ventilation group) in the study by Futier et al. (Aug. 1 issue). 1 This strategy (nonprotective ventilation with a tidal volume of 10 to 12 ml per kilogram of predicted body weight, with no positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP] and no recruitment maneuvers) is known to be potentially harmful and is outdated (the authors cite a study from 1963 2 to define their standard of care).The tidal volumes recommended in contemporary strategies 3,4 for perioperative ventilation are less than 10 ml per kilogram of predicted body weight, and they are provided with PEEP.To analyze practice patterns for patients undergoing anesthesia, we undertook a study in which we reviewed data from 230,386 surgical procedures at two institutions.These data show that PEEP with a median of 5 cm of water was used in 60.4% of procedures.Median tidal volumes declined from 9.2 to 7.9 ml per kilogram of predicted body weight between 2005 and 2013.Prospective studies such as that by Futier et al. are most relevant if they derive their data from recent observational studies that used contemporary standards of care.Moreover, these data can be derived from clinical-decision support databases.
Majority of public think government policy has worsened NHS morale, survey finds
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2016)

More than three quarters of people (77%) believe that the government’s policies have led to growing discontent across the NHS workforce, a survey commissioned by the BMA has found.

The survey, released ahead of the BMA annual representatives meeting in Belfast on 20 June, was carried out between 7 and 9 June 2016 by research specialists BritainThinks. It received responses from 1240 …
Biologically Active Components From Mycobacterial Cell Walls. II. Suppression and Regression of Strain-2 Guinea Pig Hepatoma
Authors: Thomas J. Meyer, Edgar E. Ribi, Ichiro Azuma, Berton Zbar
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Biologically Active Components From Mycobacterial Cell Walls. II. Suppression and Regression of Strain-2 Guinea Pig Hepatoma Get access Thomas J. Meyer, Thomas J. Meyer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edgar E. Ribi, Edgar E. Ribi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ichiro Azuma, Ichiro Azuma Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Berton Zbar Berton Zbar Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 1, January 1974, Pages 103–111, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.1.103 Published: 01 January 1974 Article history Received: 08 May 1973 Accepted: 17 September 1973 Published: 01 January 1974
Characterization of the GBP1 gene associated with the multidrug resistant phenotype in vitro
Authors: Zhenfeng Duan, Katherine A. Brakora, Rosemary Foster, Michael V. Seiden
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

597   cDNA array technology comparing transcript expression in paclitaxel resistant breast and ovarian cancer cell lines and to their drug naive parental lines has identified that overexpression of the large GTPase GBP1 ( G uanylate  B inding  P rotein 1), is associated with the multidrug resistant phenotype. Northern analysis demonstrates that GBP1 is overexpressed in a large collection of paclitaxel and doxorubicin resistant cell lines. In addition, GBP1 is also overexpressed in the gemcitabine resistant subclone of the ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR5 which does not overexpress MDR1. Analysis of the Cancer Profiling Array (Clontech), which contains cDNA samples from individual normal tissues and matched tumors, demonstrates that GBP1 is broadly expressed in various tissues and their corresponding tumors. The Cancer Cell Line Profiling Array (Clontech), which contains cDNA samples generated from 26 human cancer cell lines treated with 26 different chemical agents, demonstrates that GBP1 is overexpressed 0.5 to 22.2 fold (average 6.8 fold) after 48 hours of paclitaxel exposure and 0.5 to 7.9 fold (average 2.8 fold) after doxorubicin exposure in various cell lines. Finally, forced overexpression of GBP-1 in the human ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR8 leads to a four-fold increase in paclitaxel resistance. These results suggest a role for GBP1 in the development of multidrug resistant phenotype. The extent of the involvement of GBP1 in clinical drug resistance awaits further investigation.
The industrialization of American psychiatry
Authors: T E Bittker
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

Physician surpluses and escalating medical care costs have fostered an alliance among government, corporate America, and health insurers that has inspired medicine's industrialization. These same forces will transform psychiatry into an industry where prospective payment, automation, salaried employment, and central control of clinical activities threaten to become the dominant form of medical practice. Emerging trends suggest that both patients and health professionals will gravitate to various forms of alternative provider organizations in an effort to shield themselves from the economic uncertainties of seeking and providing care. The chronically mentally ill and others requiring extensive treatment risk exclusion from this new system, where cost consciousness may supplant compassion.
Orlando shootings: rehearsals helped surgeons respond
Authors: Michael McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Surgeons at the Orlando Regional Medical Center in Florida have said that planning, practice, and staff dedication helped the trauma team cope with the scores of wounded people who flooded into the hospital’s emergency department after Sunday’s mass shooting at a nearby gay nightclub.

“This was the largest disaster we could have possibly imagined,” said a trauma surgeon, Michael Cheatham, at a press conference on Tuesday 14 June. “We went ahead and implemented the plan we had designed over the years and perfected through practice, and I think it worked.”

The surgeons said that they each treat over 1000 gunshot victims every year, one telling the …
Medical education in the United States 1977--1978
Authors: K Sagawa
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Since 1966, section I of the EDUCATION ISSUE has been devoted to a review of "Recent Events of Special Interest to Medical Education." Information has been included about special studies, reports, legislation, and other events and activities that are related to medical education and may be expected to influence its future course and direction. During the past year, several important trends were evident. One was growing concern over the cost of medical care, with resultant proposals for cost containment at various points in the system, including medical education. Coupled with rising inflation and taxpayers' revolts against government spending, the desires to restrain expenditures seem certain to increase the fiscal problems of educational institutions. Changes in admission policies and problems were forecast by the Supreme Court's decision on the<i>Bakke</i>case and by a significant downturn in applicants for admission to health schools, the first in many years. Implementation of the
Ocular Trauma during Amniocentesis
Authors: J D Wiener
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

A 17-month-old infant had a histologically documented congenital epithelial cyst of the anterior chamber. The only possible source of antenatal penetrating trauma was transabdominal amniocentesis performed at 34 weeks of gestation for determination of erythroblastosis fetalis status. The morphologic structure of the cyst as well as the nature of ocular abnormalities observed from birth are consistent with the hypothesis that ocular penetration occurred during this procedure.
MB-27A CASE REPORT OF CENTRAL PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY IN A 7 YEARS OLD MALE WITH MEDULLOBLASTOMA PRESENTING WITH HYDROCEPHALUS
Authors: Suzanne Conley, Pournima Navalkele, Diana S. Osorio, Eric Sribnick, Daniel R. Boue', Christopher R. Pierson, Jonathan L. Finlay, Mohamed S. AbdelBaki
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
EPN-09KETOLYTIC AND GLYCOLYTIC ENZYMATIC EXPRESSION IN PAEDIATRIC EPENDYMOMAS: IMPLICATION FOR KETOGENIC DIET THERAPY
Authors: Lisa C.D. Storer, Angeline Darren, Simon M.L. Paine, Jen Kearns, Robert Layfield, David A. Walker, Richard G. Grundy
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

EPN-09. KETOLYTIC AND GLYCOLYTIC ENZYMATIC EXPRESSION IN PAEDIATRIC EPENDYMOMAS: IMPLICATION FOR KETOGENIC DIET THERAPY Lisa C.D. Storer1, Angeline Darren1, Simon M.L. Paine2, Jen Kearns3, Robert Layfield4, David A. Walker1, and Richard G. Grundy1; Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Department of Neuropathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK Ependymoma is the second most common paediatric malignant brain tumour. Overall survival remains relatively poor, and at relapse is dismal. One potential strategy to improve outcome is exploiting the metabolic differences between normal and tumour cells. Under normal physiological conditions, brain cells metabolise glucose for energy. If “starved” of glucose, ketone bodies are metabolised. Mitochondrial defects in brain tumour cells obviate this metabolic flexibility resulting in a dependence on glycolytic energy (Warburg effect). Thus, a high fat, low carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) may control tumour growth. We evaluated the expression of ketolytic enzymes; succinyl-CoA:3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1 (OXCT1) and D-b-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 (BDH1), both involved in ketone body utilization and the glycolytic enzyme; pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), essential for aerobic glycolysis, in 75 paediatric ependymomas by immunohistochemistry. Expression was assessed as low (,20%) or high (.20%).84%showed lowexpression of OXCT1 and 91% of BDH1. Lowexpression of either results in an inability to metabolise ketones. 82% showed high expression of PKM2, increasing the Warburg effect and when combined with low expression of BDH1 (69%) or OXCT1 (83%), the optimal immunohistochemistry profile, arrests ketone metabolism. Children aged ,36 months were 5 times less likely to show high expression of OXCT1 compared to ≥36 months (p 1⁄4 0.0321) and 7 times more likely to show high expression of PKM2 (p 1⁄4 0.0097). The KD therefore offers a potential addition to current therapies including at relapse. However, the KD would need to be carefully evaluated prior to acceptance as a useful additional therapy. Neuro-Oncology 18:iii30–iii39, 2016. doi:10.1093/neuonc/now070.8 #The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Placement of a novel fully covered metallic stent for refractory pancreatic duct stricture
Authors: Takeshi Ogura, Yoshitaka Kurisu, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Daisuke Masuda, Akira Imoto, Shinya Fukunishi, Kazuhide Higuchi
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Plastic stent placement under endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is performed widely for the treatment of benign pancreatic stricture [1]. However, this technique may have several disadvantages such as short stent patency and persistent stricture compared with fully covered metallic stents (FCMS) [2] [3]. Therefore, although FCMS placement for benign pancreatic stricture is still controversial as a result of a relatively high rate of stent migration (especially distal migration), the FCMS has a potential clinical impact in patients with symptomatic chronic pancreatitis. This report describes the placement of a novel FCMS (6 mm × 6 cm, Niti-S Biliary S-Type Stent Long Suture; TaeWoong Medical, Seoul, Korea; Century Medical Inc., Tokyo, Japan) in patients with chronic pancreatitis who have refractory pancreatic duct stricture ([Fig. 1]). This novel FCMS has a long removal suture, and therefore, if distal stent migration does occur, the stent can be removed easily by grasping the suture thread.
PTPS-13STUDY OF CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, BRAF V600E MUTATION, AND MTOR SIGNALING PATHWAY ACTIVATION IN DYSEMBRYOPLASTIC NEUROEPITHELIAL TUMORS (DNET)
Authors: Aanchal Kakkar, Atreye Majumdar, Mehar Sharma, Vaishali Suri, Manjari Tripathi, Sarat Chandra, Chitra Sarkar
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor (DNET) is a WHO Grade I glioneuronal tumor of children and young adults. BRAFV600E mutation has been identified in DNETs. More recently, mTOR-pathway has been implicated in molecular pathogenesis of glioneuronal tumors. We aimed to evaluate the presence of enhanced mTOR-pathway signalling, incidence of BRAFV600E mutation, and to compare the results with clinicopathological features. Immunohistochemistry for markers of mTOR-pathway activation, viz. pS6 and p4EBP1, was performed. Sequencing for BRAFV600E mutation was done in cases with adequate tissue. Sixty-seven cases of DNET were identified, accounting for 5% of patients with drug-refractory epilepsy. Mean age of patients was 16.1 years (range: 2-38 years); male preponderance was noted. Majority (68.7%) of patients were in pediatric age group (<18 years). Duration of seizures ranged from 1-22 years (mean = 7.5 years). All patients underwent ECOG-guided resection. Histopathologically, tumors were characterized by the presence of floating neurons within a specific glioneuronal element. Associated lesions such as cortical dysplasia (19%) and mesial temporal sclerosis (1.5%) were seen. Four cases were composite lesions with DNET, ganglioglioma and cortical dysplasia. pS6 immunopositivity was seen in 91% cases, while p4EBP1 was positive in 26%. Interestingly, pS6 positivity was also seen in neurons in the adjacent dysplastic cortex. Sequencing revealed BRAF V600E mutation in 11% of cases examined. Overall seizure-free survival was 87% (n = 55). Notably, of 51 patients undergoing complete resection, 48 (94%) had good outcome (Engel grade I). All four patients who underwent incomplete resection had Engel grade II-III outcomes. Thus, DNETs are rare, surgically curable neoplasms. Identification of these tumors has prognostic as well as therapeutic implications, as most patients remain seizure-free after complete resection. Evidence of mTOR-pathway activation suggests a role for mTOR signalling in their pathogenesis, and supports the use of mTOR inhibitors in DNET patients, particularly those having persistent seizures after incomplete resection.
PCM-09COMPARISON OF THE SENSITIVITIES OF PEDIATRIC HIGH-GRADE BRAIN TUMOR VERSUS ADULT GLIOBLASTOMA XENOGRAFTS TO ENGINEERED ONCOLYTIC HERPES SIMPLEX VIROTHERAPY
Authors: Eric Ring, Blake Moore, Li Nan, Tina Etminan, James Markert, G. Yancey Gillespie, Gregory Friedman
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Reengineering the Physical Examination for the New Millennium?
Authors: William G. Nelson, Antony Rosen, Peter J. Pronovost
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prenatal Exposure to Perfluorocarboxylic Acids (PFCAs) and Fetal and Postnatal Growth in the Taiwan Maternal and Infant Cohort Study
Authors: Yan Wang, Margaret Adgent, Pen-Hua Su, Hsiao-Yen Chen, Pau-Chung Chen, Chao A. Hsiung, Shu-Li Wang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) are environmentally and biologically persistent synthetic chemicals. PFCAs include perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA; C8) and long-chain PFCAs (C9-C20). Studies examining long-chain PFCAs and fetal and postnatal growth are limited.We investigated the associations of prenatal exposure to long-chain PFCAs with fetal and postnatal growth.For 223 Taiwanese mothers and their term infants, we measured PFOA and four long-chain PFCAs (ng/mL) in third-trimester maternal serum; infant weight (kg), length and head circumference (cm) at birth; and childhood weight and height at approximately 2, 5, 8, and 11 years of age. For each sex, we used multivariable linear regression to examine associations between ln-transformed prenatal PFCAs and continuous infant measures, and logistic regression to examine small for gestational age (SGA). Linear mixed models were applied to prenatal PFCAs and childhood weight and height z-scores.In girls, prenatal perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDeA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA) concentrations were inversely associated with birth weight [e.g., βbirth weight (kg) = -0.06, 95% CI: -0.11, -0.01 per 1 ln-unit PFUnDA increase]; prenatal PFDeA and PFUnDA were associated with elevated odds of SGA; and PFDeA, PFUnDA, and PFDoDA were associated with lower average childhood height z-score. In boys, prenatal PFNA, and PFDoDA were associated with reductions in height at certain ages in childhood, but not with size at birth.Prenatal exposure to long-chain PFCAs may interfere with fetal and childhood growth in girls, and childhood growth in boys. Citation: Wang Y, Adgent M, Su PH, Chen HY, Chen PC, Hsiung CA, Wang SL. 2016. Prenatal exposure to perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and fetal and postnatal growth in the Taiwan Maternal and Infant Cohort Study. Environ Health Perspect 124:1794-1800; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509998.
LMI-02AGGRESSIVE GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME AFTER RADIATION THERAPY : A CASE REPORT
Authors: Sergio Augusto Fernandes Perlamagna, Jairo Cartum, Helaine Cristina Castro, Elisa Couto Peres Ribeiro, Adriana Karin Sapuppo, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Marco Prist, Dante Picciotti
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
PNR-09EVALUATION OF AGE-DEPENDENT TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH PINEOBLASTOMA: ANALYSIS OF POOLED SIOP-E AND HEAD START DATA
Authors: Martin Mynarek, Barry Pizer, Christelle Dufour, Dannis van Vuurden, Miklos Garami, Maura Massimino, Jason Fangusaro, Tom Davidson, Maria Joao Gil-da-Costa, Jaroslav Sterba, Martin Benesch, Nicolas Gerber, B. Ole Juhnke, Robert Kwiecien, Torsten Pietsch, Marcel Kool, Steve Clifford, David W. Ellison, Felice Giangaspero, Pieter Wesseling, Nick Gottardo, Jonathan L. Finlay, Katja von Hoff, Stefan Rutkowski
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)