tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PWE-237 Prevalence of low bone mineral density in patients undergoing intestinal or multivisceral transplantation at addenbrooke’s hospital, cambridge
Authors: T Ambrose, LM Sharkey, J Louis-Auguste, CS Rutter, J Green, A Butler, N Russell, JM Woodward, SJ Middleton, D Massey
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Amongst patients on longterm parenteral nutrition, rates of osteoporosis vary between 41–67%.<sup>1,2</sup>In the United States, 77.4% of patients awaiting intestinal transplantation had low bone mineral density (BMD).<sup>3</sup>It is not known how prevalent low BMD is amongst patients undergoing intestinal transplantation in the United Kingdom. <h3>Method</h3> We retrospectively reviewed the notes and bone densitometry scans (DEXA) for all patients who had undergone isolated intestinal, modified multivisceral, or full multivisceral transplantation from December 2007 to December 2014. <h3>Results</h3> 49 patients were transplanted including 5 acutely (4 mesenteric ischaemia, 1 intestinal failure associated liver disease) with no time for pre-operative DEXA. It was not known whether pre-operative DEXA was performed in 6 patients. Of the remainder, 33/38 (87%) had DEXA performed a median of 329 days (range 12–986) prior to transplantation. Osteoporosis was seen in 13/33 (39%) with a median hip T-score -2.7 (range -1.3 to -4.8), median spine T-score -3.1 (range -1.6 to -5.4), and median age at transplant 46 years (range 18–64). Osteopenia was seen in 11/33 (33%) with 9/33 (27%) having normal BMD. Of those who did not have pre-operative DEXA but who were scanned within 1 year (n = 10), 7 had reduced BMD. Specifically, patients undergoing acute transplant demonstrated reduced BMD (osteopenia) in 2/5 (age 27 and 33 at transplant). Patients were managed with a combination of calcium/Vitamin D and/or bisphosphonates, with two patients referred to a metabolic bone clinic. There were no cases of fragility fractures. Of the surviving patients who have had sequential DEXA, including ≥2 scans post-transplant (n = 7), there is a trend towards increasing BMD over subsequent years. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Prevalence of low BMD is 72% in patients undergoing intestinal or multivisceral transplantation at our centre and these patients are often under the age of 50 years sometimes with profound osteoporosis (e.g. T -5.4). Poor bone health is not restricted to those on long term parenteral nutrition with intestinal failure but is also seen in patients with acute indications requiring transplant such as mesenteric infarction. As patients survive longer the sequelae of osteoporosis become important – addressing reduced BMD pre-operatively is important as improving bone health may take some years. Use of corticosteroid immunosuppression increases risk of reduced BMD in this cohort. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Pironi L, <i>et al</i>. Clin Nutr. 2002;21:289–296. Cohen-Solal M, <i>et al</i>. J Bone Miner Res. 2003;18(11):1989–1994. Resnick J, <i>et al</i>. Am J Transplant. 2010;10:2331–2340.
Wolbachia Blocks Currently Circulating Zika Virus Isolates in Brazilian Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes
Authors: Heverton Leandro Carneiro Dutra, Marcele Neves Rocha, Fernando Braga Stehling Dias, Simone Brutman Mansur, Eric Pearce Caragata, Luciano Andrade Moreira
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2016)

The recent association of Zika virus with cases of microcephaly has sparked a global health crisis and highlighted the need for mechanisms to combat the Zika vector, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Wolbachia pipientis, a bacterial endosymbiont of insect, has recently garnered attention as a mechanism for arbovirus control. Here we report that Aedes aegypti harboring Wolbachia are highly resistant to infection with two currently circulating Zika virus isolates from the recent Brazilian epidemic. Wolbachia-harboring mosquitoes displayed lower viral prevalence and intensity and decreased disseminated infection and, critically, did not carry infectious virus in the saliva, suggesting that viral transmission was blocked. Our data indicate that the use of Wolbachia-harboring mosquitoes could represent an effective mechanism to reduce Zika virus transmission and should be included as part of Zika control strategies.
Case 8-1974
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Lloyd H. Smith, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Presentation of CaseA 72-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of hypercalcemia.At the age of 30 years abdominal pain developed, and a diagnosis of a duodenal ulcer was made. The pain recurred four years and again three years before entry and was controlled with diet. Eight years before admission bilateral flank pain occurred, and he was told that he had passed a kidney stone. Twenty-two months before entry pruritus developed, with dryness of the skin and whitish papules on the arms; hydroxyzine was prescribed, with partial relief. Two months later left gynecomastia appeared. In recent months he . . .
Effects of duration of phenytoin administration on mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 and P-glycoprotein in the liver and small intestine of rats
Authors: Atsushi Kawase, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Toru Otori, Kenji Matsuyama, Masahiro Iwaki
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2016)

Phenytoin (5,5-diphenylhydantoin; DPH) induces expression of cytochromes P450 (CYPs). Interactions between DPH and tacrolimus suggested that the persistence of CYP induction after discontinuation of DPH is dependent on the history of administration and dosing period of DPH. However, the relationship between the duration of DPH administration and expression of CYPs in the liver and small intestine of rats is not known. Alterations in levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp; MDR1; ABCB1) as well as CYPs cause drug interactions in the small intestine. We examined the effects of the duration of DPH administration on expression of CYPs and P-gp in the liver and small intestine of rats. Rats were treated with DPH (100 mg/kg, peroral (p.o.) twice a day (b.d.)) for 2, 4, 8, and 16 d. mRNA levels of CYPs and P-gp were examined using the total RNA extracted from the liver and duodenum 2 h and 24 h after the final administration of DPH. CYP3A activities were determined using microsomes. DPH administration for 2 d and 4 d markedly increased mRNA levels of CYPs such as CYP3A1, CYP3A2, CYP2B1, and CYP2B2 in the liver. A relatively long duration of DPH administration (8 d and 16 d) resulted in abolition of the induction of hepatic CYP but increased CYP3A activities were maintained. These results suggest that the duration of DPH administration could be an important determinant of hepatic CYP induction.
Behavioral science teaching in U.S. medical schools: a 1980 national survey
Authors: B Blackwell, M Torem
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

The teaching of behavioral science in medical school has become increasingly complex in the attempt to integrate biological, social, and psychological knowledge. The authors sent a survey questionnaire to determine actual and preferred organizational structures to 130 medical schools; 90 responded. The most frequent structure--46 schools (51%)--was unidepartmental. Thirty-four schools (38%) were multidepartmental, and 10 (11%) had a matrix organization. Schools with a unidepartmental structure reported a higher degree of satisfaction and more organizational advantages. Multidepartmental and matrix models offered some educational advantages at the cost of administrative efficiency. During the 1980s, funding for unidepartmental schools may prove more cost effective than funding for schools with different organizational structures.
PWE-040 Paediatric inflammatory bowel disease in scotland-incidence continues to rise
Authors: FL Cameron, P Henderson, F Jagger, R Hansen, P McGrogan, S Loganathan, RK Russell, DC Wilson
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The worldwide incidence of paediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) is rising, with Scotland having the highest rate in the UK. Scottish PIBD data over the last 40 years has shown a consistent increase, including a 76% rise over 13 years around the millennium.<sup>1</sup>The aim of this study was to calculate current PIBD incidence rates in Scotland and to determine if the temporal trend of significant increase has been maintained. <h3>Method</h3> Historical data from 2003–2008 (cohort 1) was compared to prospective, nationwide data of all incident cases diagnosed in paediatric services (under 16 years of age) from 2009–2013 (cohort 2). Age-sex adjusted incidence rates were calculated using population data from the General Registrar’s Office for Scotland. Cases were classified as Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or inflammatory bowel disease unclassified (IBDU) and diagnosed according to the Porto criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using Poisson regression. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 436 patients were diagnosed with PIBD over six years in cohort 1 (265 CD, 115 UC, 56 IBDU) compared to 478 children over five years in cohort 2 (286 CD, 126 UC, 66 IBDU). Median age at diagnosis in cohort 2 (60% males) was 12.3 years, similar to cohort 1 (58% males) at 11.9 years. The adjusted incidence rate increased from 7.8/100,000/year (95% CI 7.1–8.6) in cohort 1 (2003–2008) to 10.4/100,000/year (95% CI 9.6–11.5) in cohort 2 (2009–2013) (p &lt; 0.001). This significant increase was also seen individually for CD (4.7/100,000/year [95% CI 4.2–5.4] compared to 6.3/100,000/year [95% CI 5.6–7.0][p &lt; 0.0001]) and UC (2.1/100,000/year [95% CI 1.7–2.5] compared to 2.7/100,000/year [95% CI 2.3–3.3][p = 0.009]). There was a non-significant increase in IBDU from 1.0/100,000/year (95% CI 0.7, 1.3) in cohort 1 to 1.4/100,000/year (95% CI 1.1, 1.8) in cohort 2 (p = 0.07). <h3>Conclusion</h3> There continues to be an ongoing rise in incident PIBD (and both CD and UC) in 2009–13 in this national, population-based study compared to recent historical data, with a further significant rise of 33%. The reasons behind this continued increase remain unclear and further research is needed to elucidate potential factors in aetiopathogenesis. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Henderson P, <i><i>et al</i></i>. Rising incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Scotland. <i>Inflamm Bowel Dis</i>. 2012;<b>18</b>:999–1005
Endothelium-Derived 5-Methoxytryptophan Is a Circulating Anti-Inflammatory Molecule That Blocks Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Yi-Fu Wang, Yu-Juei Hsu, Hsu-Feng Wu, Guan-Lin Lee, Ya-Sung Yang, Jing-Yiing Wu, Shaw-Fang Yet, Kenneth K. Wu, Cheng-Chin Kuo
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

Rationale: Systemic inflammation has emerged as a key pathophysiological process that induces multiorgan injury and causes serious human diseases. Endothelium is critical in maintaining cellular and inflammatory homeostasis, controlling systemic inflammation, and progression of inflammatory diseases. We postulated that endothelium produces and releases endogenous soluble factors to modulate inflammatory responses and protect against systemic inflammation. Objective: To identify endothelial cell–released soluble factors that protect against endothelial barrier dysfunction and systemic inflammation. Methods and Results: We found that conditioned medium of endothelial cells inhibited cyclooxgenase-2 and interleukin-6 expression in macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Analysis of conditioned medium extracts by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry showed the presence of 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP), but not other related tryptophan metabolites. Furthermore, endothelial cell–derived 5-MTP suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses and signaling in macrophages and endotoxemic lung tissues. Lipopolysaccharide suppressed 5-MTP level in endothelial cell-conditioned medium and reduced serum 5-MTP level in the murine sepsis model. Intraperitoneal injection of 5-MTP restored serum 5-MTP accompanied by the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial leakage and suppression of lipopolysaccharide- or cecal ligation and puncture–mediated proinflammatory mediators overexpression. 5-MTP administration rescued lungs from lipopolysaccharide-induced damages and prevented sepsis-related mortality. Importantly, compared with healthy subjects, serum 5-MTP level in septic patients was decreased by 65%, indicating an important clinical relevance. Conclusions: We conclude that 5-MTP belongs to a novel class of endothelium-derived protective molecules that defend against endothelial barrier dysfunction and excessive systemic inflammatory responses.
Upcoding and Anesthesia Risk in Outpatient Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Procedures
Authors: Xiaoyu Nie, Soeren Mattke, Zachary Predmore, Hangsheng Liu
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

have been safely provided in primary care settings, but it is unknown if these individuals had timely access to primary care services.Nevertheless, the findings by Hsia and colleagues 3 suggest that there is some uncertainty during ED triage assessment of visit urgency and policies that are based on this assessment must take this uncertainty into account or risk unfairly, and inappropriately, imposing cost-sharing penalties.
Healthcare and the EU: Brexit, Bremain … or Brundecided?
Authors: John Appleby
Journal: BMJ (2016)

John Appleby looks at some of the numbers relating to health 

The United Kingdom’s involvement in the European Union is both deep and broad, and, let’s be frank, for many people, both deeply boring and highly confusing. Yet the referendum result on 23 June will be important. A vote to leave will affect many aspects of UK life and business—including healthcare.

A recent “poll of polls” suggests the public remains almost evenly split between exiting and remaining—but with a sizeable minority of around 20% undecided.1 Over the longer term, and with more than just the in-out binary option, the public’s views are more nuanced. As fig 1⇓ shows, crucially, the poll indicates that a much greater percentage (43%) would want to remain in the EU if its powers were reduced.2 And in particular, it seems there is popular support to restrict access to NHS treatment for people from other EU countries, curtail the ability of the EU to set maximum working hours, and to end the right of …
In vivo fate tracking of degradable nanoparticles for lung gene transfer using PET and Ĉerenkov imaging
Authors: Kvar C.L. Black, Aida Ibricevic, Sean P. Gunsten, Jeniree A. Flores, Tiffany P. Gustafson, Jeffery E. Raymond, Sandani Samarajeewa, Ritu Shrestha, Simcha E. Felder, Tianyi Cai, Yuefei Shen, Ann-Kathrin Löbs, Natalia Zhegalova, Deborah H. Sultan, Mikhail Berezin, Karen L. Wooley, Yongjian Liu, Steven L. Brody
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)
Hereditary Hemolytic Anemia Associated with Glucosephosphate Isomerase (GPI) Deficiency— a New Enzyme Defect of Human Erythrocytes
Authors: MARJORIE A. BAUGHAN, WILLIAM N. VALENTINE, DONALD E. PAGLIA, PETER O. WAYS, ERNEST R. SIMONS, QUIN B. DEMARSH
Journal: Blood (1968)
A Seemingly Solitary Bone Lesion
Authors: Rajat Bansal, Michael Rentz, Jennie Y. Law
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Dose Finding Study of Oxaliplatin, Irinotecan, and S-1 for Patients with Metastatic or Recurrent Gastrointestinal Cancer
Authors: B. Han, H.Y. Kim, H.J. Kim, H.S. Kim, J.H. Kim, D.R. Choi, G. Jang, J.H. Kwon, H.H. Song, J.Y. Jung, J.H. Jeong, H. Ha, M. Kim, D.Y. Zang
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
P0753 : Genetic polymorphisms of IL28B and PNPLA3 are closely associated with fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: N. Tamaki, M. Kurosaki, Y. Yasui, S. Suzuki, T. Hosokawa, K. Tsuchiya, H. Nakanishi, J. Itakura, N. Izumi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
CSF3R mutations have a high degree of overlap with CEBPA mutations in pediatric AML
Authors: Julia E. Maxson, Rhonda E. Ries, Yi-Cheng Wang, Robert B. Gerbing, E. Anders Kolb, Sarah L. Thompson, Jaime M. Guidry Auvil, Marco A. Marra, Yussanne Ma, Zusheng Zong, Andrew J. Mungall, Richard Moore, William Long, Patee Gesuwan, Tanja M. Davidsen, Leandro C. Hermida, Seamus B. Hughes, Jason E. Farrar, Jerald P. Radich, Malcolm A. Smith, Daniela S. Gerhard, Alan S. Gamis, Todd A. Alonzo, Soheil Meshinchi
Journal: Blood (2016)
Separation of Tumor Cells From Fibroblasts With Use of Discontinuous Density Gradients&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Sykes, J. A., Whitescarver, J., Briggs, L., Anson, J. H.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Journal Article Separation of Tumor Cells From Fibroblasts With Use of Discontinuous Density Gradients Get access J. A. Sykes, J. A. Sykes Southern California Cancer Center, California Hospital Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90015 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Whitescarver, J. Whitescarver Southern California Cancer Center, California Hospital Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90015 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. Briggs, L. Briggs Southern California Cancer Center, California Hospital Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90015 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. H. Anson J. H. Anson Southern California Cancer Center, California Hospital Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90015 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 44, Issue 4, April 1970, Pages 855–864, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/44.4.855 Published: 01 April 1970 Article history Received: 20 October 1969 Accepted: 19 December 1969 Published: 01 April 1970
Graduate medical education funding in US should address workforce needs, say doctors
Authors: Michael McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Funding for graduate medical education (GME) in the US should be reformed so that training programs produce more doctors in the primary care specialties that are needed to meet the nation’s healthcare workforce needs, the American College of Physicians and Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine have said in a policy statement published on 3 May in the Annals of Internal Medicine .1

“The nation will not be able to expand access, improve outcomes, and decrease expenditures without …
Evaluation on the perceived quality, perception and information received during the first visit at the Reception and Service Centre (C.A.S.) at the Hematology and Oncology Units (C.O.E.S.) of the University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza in Turin
Authors: V. Cerminara, S. Storto, T. Armando, L. Cirio, L. Ciuffreda, M.V. Mussa
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Improving and optimizing personalized cancer care through collaborative Internet-based medical expertise and diagnostic technology.
Authors: L. C. Rodriguez, S. Nidtha, C. Yoo, L. Otake
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e19665 Background: The convergence of internet-based medical collaboration and consultation with advances in our understanding of genomic, proteomic and environmental factors in human disease allows health care providers to optimize personalized medical care and more effectively disseminate cancer care across communities. Based on the 15 year-old non-profit, wiredMD module of a secure, virtual “grand rounds” discussion space for surgeons, Oncocentric.com was created in 2009 to provide community oncologists anywhere in the world with an online physician community for collaboration on treating difficult cancer cases. Within one year, hundreds of patient cases have been reviewed using the Oncocentric platform and several discussions have led to modifications in therapeutic regimens for individual patients. Methods: Oncologists with free access to this online resource have been able to search for clinically relevant information from filtered PubMed, Clinical Trials, CME, and other educational resources while engaging in discussions with colleagues and experts to validate working hypotheses on treatment options being considered for individual patients. Combined with access to information about novel molecular diagnostic tests and guidelines from Oncology compendia such as the Thomson Reuters MicroMedex System, utilization of the Oncocentric platform has resulted in measurable impact in the delivery of cancer care over the last 12 months. Results: Analysis of over 18,000 page views of 250 patient cases that were discussed using Oncocentric.com, has yielded a surprising set of findings regarding medical decision-making, the importance of the informal consultation process, and the use of the latest molecular knowledge in the practice of cancer care. The analysis was conducted to match an overall participation rate of 75 virtual physicians per case, a number consistent with some real time grand rounds conferences. Conclusions: The application of an Internet based platform to aggregate real time expertise for distribution to consulting physicians in order to positively impact patient outcomes will be discussed in further detail. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration MedTrust Online, LLC MedTrust Online, LLC MedTrust Online, LLC
Tree inference for single-cell data
Authors: Katharina Jahn, Jack Kuipers, Niko Beerenwinkel
Journal: Genome biology (2016)

Understanding the mutational heterogeneity within tumors is a keystone for the development of efficient cancer therapies. Here, we present SCITE, a stochastic search algorithm to identify the evolutionary history of a tumor from noisy and incomplete mutation profiles of single cells. SCITE comprises a flexible Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling scheme that allows the user to compute the maximum-likelihood mutation history, to sample from the posterior probability distribution, and to estimate the error rates of the underlying sequencing experiments. Evaluation on real cancer data and on simulation studies shows the scalability of SCITE to present-day single-cell sequencing data and improved reconstruction accuracy compared to existing approaches.
Improved methodology for chemosensitivity testing?
Authors: S E Salmon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1987.5.12.1861 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3681373 Improved methodology for chemosensitivity testing? S E SalmonxS E SalmonSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1987.5.12.1861 First Page PDF © 1987 by American Society of Clinical Oncology