tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effects of benzyl isothiocyanate on the proliferation of prostate and breast cancer cells
Authors: Teshome Yehualaeshet, Marica Montgomery, Richard Kelly, Aubrey Ross, Leonard Billups
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

5544  Prostate cancer is one of the most common non-skin cancers in men. Epidemiological studies suggest that dietary modifications could be an effective approach in reducing various cancers, including prostate and breast cancer. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a constituent of cruciferous vegetables, induced anti-proliferative activity in human prostate and breast cancer cell lines. Although it has been previously demonstrated that isothiocyanates induced cell death, the mechanism, however, remained to be clarified in different cancer cell lines.  Prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3, DU-145 and LNCaP) and breast cancer cell lines (HTB-26 and HTB-132) were cultured in 96-well plates and 6-well plates and culture slides following standard procedures. The cultured cells were exposed to different concentrations of BITC (5 uM, 10 uM and 20 uM) for 3, 6 and 24 h. The effect of BITC on cell growth was analyzed by MTT. The expression of survivin, caspase-3, and TGF-s receptor II (TGF-sRII) was determined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry.  The proliferation rate was compared to untreated cells. In prostate cancer cell lines, BITC induced a significant growth inhibition, with IC (50) values of 17-20 uM. Even though 3 and 6 h BITC challenge caused decreased cell proliferation, 24 h treatment of DU-145, PC-3 and LNCaP cells with 20 uM caused a significant decrease in cell growth. Addition of 20 uM of BITC inhibited the proliferation of LNCaP, DU-145 and PC-3 cell lines by 43, 63 and 52 %, respectively. In breast cancer cells, the growth inhibitory activity of BITC was significantly higher in HTB-132 (African-American origin cell line) than in HTB-26 (Caucasian origin cell line) with 49 and 36 % inhibition rate, respectively. As demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and western blot, survivin and TGF-sRII expression was repressed after BITC application, whereas caspase-3 expression increased.  In summary, our studies demonstrate that BITC inhibits proliferation of prostate and breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis via caspase-3 pathways and by down regulation of survivin and TGF-sRII. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the cancer-protective effects of BITC is of crucial importance, not only for the use of these compounds as chemopreventive agents, but also for the identification or design of more effective chemopreventive agents.  Funded by Tuskegee University/UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center
Case 27-1982
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Edward A. Gaensler, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Presentation of CaseA 64-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a right pleural abnormality.He was in his usual state of health until one month before admission, when microscopic hematuria was found in a routine urinalysis. A culture of urine was negative, and cytologic examination of urine was negative on three occasions. An intravenous urographic examination with nephrotomograms showed a normal appearance of the kidneys; there was slight trabeculation of the bladder, with a small post-voiding residuum. Five days before admission cytoscopic examination revealed that the prostatic urethra appeared erythematous and friable. Routine x-ray films of the . . .
P285 Helium Magnetic Resonance Imaging Identifies Regional Ventilation, Perfusion and Microstructure Abnormalities in a Case of “Horse-shoe” Lung
Authors: S Zaidi, JM Wild, A Swift, H Marshall, N Weateherley, FC Horn, RM Niven, D Ryan
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Helium magnetic resonance imaging (<sup>3</sup>He MRI) provides functional information on lung ventilation, perfusion and microstructure. We describe use of <sup>3</sup>He MRI to assess lung function in a patient with “horse-shoe” lung. <h3>Case presentation</h3> EB is a 46 year old female with congenital lung abnormalities diagnosed during infancy. Chest x-ray confirmed an abnormal right upper lobe (RUL). Pulmonary arteriography reported hypoplastic RUL vessels. Bronchoscopy confirmed tracheal stenosis, and cardiac catheterisation reported an abnormal pulmonary arterial pattern. A diagnosis of congenital lung anomalies along with asthma was made during her childhood. Throughout her life her condition has been characterised by recurrent severe respiratory tract infections requiring hospitalisation. Recent CT chest confirmed right lung hypoplasia a deformed right main bronchus, moderate hypoplasia of the right main pulmonary artery and severe hypoplasia of RUL pulmonary vessels. An isthmus joins the two lungs consistent with “horse-shoe lung”.<sup>1</sup> Ventilation-perfusion scan reported 26% functioning right lung. Bronchoscopy confirmed tracheal and right main stem stenosis with left main stem bronchomalacia. Surgical resection is an option for ‘horse-shoe ‘lung characterised by recurrent infections.<sup>2</sup> In this context, we proceeded to <sup>3</sup>He MRI to obtain more detailed functional information. <h3>Results of <sup>3</sup>He Functional MRI</h3> Communication between the right and left lungs was visualised (Figure 1). In the right lung, ventilation was reduced with increased heterogeneity (Figure 1a, f). And perfusion notably reduced, in the RUL (Figure 1c. <sup>3</sup>He apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), which estimates acinar airway dimensions, was elevated and heterogeneous (Figure 1c), consistent with hypoplasia. The left lung was well ventilated and perfused with normal ADC values. <h3>Conclusion</h3> <sup>3</sup>He MRI shows promise in functional analysis of “horse-shoe” lung with hypoplasia. This can prove useful in surgical assessment of these patients and therefore improve their management. <h3>References</h3> 1 Dikensoy O, Kervancioglu R, Bayram NG, Elbek O, Uyar M, Ekinci E. Horseshoe lung associated with scimitar syndrome and pleural lipoma.<i> J Thorac Imaging</i> 2006;<b>21</b>(1):73–5 2 Orzan F, Angelini P, Oglietti J, Leachman RD, Cooley DA. Horses lung: report of two cases.<i> Am Heart J</i> 1977;<b>93</b>(4):501–5
Re: Fenneke Blom, Jorieke E.H. Bergman, Hermien E.K. de Walle. Are Congenital Urinary Tract and Genital Organ Anomalies Related to Folic Acid? Eur Urol 2016;69:544–6
Authors: Fernández Nicolas, Jaime Perez, Ignacio Zarante
Journal: European Urology (2016)
CCL5 derived from platelets increases megakaryocyte proplatelet formation
Authors: Kellie R. Machlus, Kelly E. Johnson, Rajesh Kulenthirarajan, Jodi A. Forward, Mason D. Tippy, Thomas S. Soussou, Saleh H. El-Husayni, Stephen K. Wu, Suming Wang, Randolph S. Watnick, Joseph E. Italiano, Elisabeth M. Battinelli
Journal: Blood (2015)
Hyperresponsiveness of the Neural Fear Network During Fear Conditioning and Extinction Learning in Male Cocaine Users
Authors: Anne Marije Kaag, Nina Levar, Karlijn Woutersen, Judith Homberg, Wim van den Brink, Liesbeth Reneman, Guido van Wingen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2016)

The authors investigated whether cocaine use disorder is associated with abnormalities in the neural underpinnings of aversive conditioning and extinction learning, as these processes may play an important role in the development and persistence of drug abuse.Forty male regular cocaine users and 51 male control subjects underwent a fear conditioning and extinction protocol during functional MRI. Skin conductance response was measured throughout the experiment as an index of conditioned responses.Cocaine users showed hyperresponsiveness of the amygdala and insula during fear conditioning, as well as hyporesponsiveness of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex during extinction learning. In cocaine users, but not in control subjects, skin conductance responses were positively correlated with responsiveness of the insula, amygdala, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex during fear conditioning but negatively correlated with responsiveness of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during extinction learning.Increased sensitivity to aversive conditioned cues in cocaine users might be a risk factor for stress-relief craving in cocaine use disorder. These results support the postulated role of altered aversive conditioning in cocaine use disorder and may be an important step in understanding the role of aversive learning in the pathology of cocaine use disorder.
Sequential Ligand-Dependent Notch Signaling Activation Regulates Valve Primordium Formation and Morphogenesis
Authors: Donal MacGrogan, Gaetano D’Amato, Stanislao Travisano, Beatriz Martinez-Poveda, Guillermo Luxán, Gonzalo del Monte-Nieto, Tania Papoutsi, Mauro Sbroggio, Vanesa Bou, Pablo Gomez-del Arco, Manuel Jose Gómez, Bin Zhou, Juan Miguel Redondo, Luis J. Jiménez-Borreguero, José Luis de la Pompa
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

The Notch signaling pathway is crucial for primitive cardiac valve formation by epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and NOTCH1 mutations cause bicuspid aortic valve; however, the temporal requirement for the various Notch ligands and receptors during valve ontogeny is poorly understood.The aim of this study is to determine the functional specificity of Notch in valve development.Using cardiac-specific conditional targeted mutant mice, we find that endothelial/endocardial deletion of Mib1-Dll4-Notch1 signaling, possibly favored by Manic-Fringe, is specifically required for cardiac epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mice lacking endocardial Jag1, Notch1, or RBPJ displayed enlarged valve cusps, bicuspid aortic valve, and septal defects, indicating that endocardial Jag1 to Notch1 signaling is required for post-epithelial-mesenchymal transition valvulogenesis. Valve dysmorphology was associated with increased mesenchyme proliferation, indicating that Jag1-Notch1 signaling restricts mesenchyme cell proliferation non-cell autonomously. Gene profiling revealed upregulated Bmp signaling in Jag1-mutant valves, providing a molecular basis for the hyperproliferative phenotype. Significantly, the negative regulator of mesenchyme proliferation, Hbegf, was markedly reduced in Jag1-mutant valves. Hbegf expression in embryonic endocardial cells could be readily activated through a RBPJ-binding site, identifying Hbegf as an endocardial Notch target. Accordingly, addition of soluble heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor to Jag1-mutant outflow tract explant cultures rescued the hyperproliferative phenotype.During cardiac valve formation, Dll4-Notch1 signaling leads to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cushion formation. Jag1-Notch1 signaling subsequently restrains Bmp-mediated valve mesenchyme proliferation by sustaining Hbegf-EGF receptor signaling. Our studies identify a mechanism of signaling cross talk during valve morphogenesis involved in the origin of congenital heart defects associated with reduced NOTCH function.
Comparison Between 99mTc-Sulesomab and 18F-FDG PET/CT in a Patient With Suspected Prosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Domenico Albano, Giovanni Bosio, Barbara Paghera, Francesco Bertagna
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

Diagnosing prosthetic joint infection is difficult; clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory tests, radiography, and joint aspiration are less sensitive and specific. We report a patient with fever and painful bilateral hip prosthesis, who underwent 99mTc-sulesomab scan showing moderate tracer uptake at the lateral surface of the right thigh and no signs of prosthesis infection. The 18F-FDG-PET/CT showed high uptake at the soft tissue of the right hip prosthesis and detected a fistula. Moreover PET/CT discovered an initial bone marrow involvement at the right femur. The subsequent fistulography confirmed the fistula, and the patient underwent definitive fistulotomy successfully.
Influenza vaccine effectiveness in adults 65 years and older, Denmark, 2015/16 – a rapid epidemiological and virological assessment
Authors: Hanne Dorthe Emborg, Tyra Grove Krause, Lene Nielsen, Marianne Kragh Thomsen, Claus Bohn Christiansen, Marianne Nielsine Skov, Xiaohui Chen Nielsen, Lenette Sandborg Weinreich, Thea Kølsen Fischer, Jesper Rønn, Ramona Trebbien
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2016)

In Denmark, both influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza B co-circulated in the 2015/16 season. We estimated the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the trivalent influenza vaccine in patients 65 years and older using the test-negative case–control design. The adjusted VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 35.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 11.1–52.4) and against influenza B 4.1% (95% CI: −22.0 to 24.7). The majority of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 circulating in 2015/16 belonged to the new genetic subgroup subclade 6B.1.
Case 12-2008
Authors: Raymond W. Redline, Pallavi Sagar, Mary Etta King, Kalpathy S. Krishnamoorthy, Eric F. Grabowski, Drucilla J. Roberts
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A 1-day-old female infant was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit because of intermittent apnea and cyanosis. She was delivered by cesarean section after a 44-hour labor, 17 hours after rupture of membranes. On the second day of life, multiple episodes of apnea occurred. A 24-hour electroencephalogram showed evidence of seizure activity.
IMCT-09WT1 PEPTIDE VACCINATION FOR GLIOMAS; SURVIVALS, BIOMARKERS AND RESPONSE ASSESSMENT
Authors: Naoya Hashimoto, Akihiro Tsuboi, Naoki Kagawa, Manabu Kinoshita, Yoshihiro Oka, Yusuke Oji, Hideyuki Arita, Shuichi Izumoto, Haruo Sugiyama, Toshiki Yoshimine
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

We have completed two clinical trials on WT1 peptide vaccination against gliomas; phase II trial for recurrent ones (Izumoto, Hashimoto et al., J Neurosurg, 2008) and phase I trial for newly diagnosed glioblastomas focusing on the safe combination with temozolomide (Hashimoto et al., Cancer Immunol Immunother, 2015). Although patients' survival data have been shown in the past SNO meetings, recently updated data for longer follow-up period will be presented. Especially, WT1 vaccination combined with Stupp regimen in the latter trial against glioblastomas produced progression free survival over 48 months in 5 of 7 patients recruited. Subsequent analyses from those trials revealed some immunological and non-immunological biomarkers on response to the vaccination. High level of WT1 protein and HLA class I expression on tumor cells were predictive of longer survival. Immunologically, increased WT1-specific T cells and WT1 antibody in peripheral blood after the vaccination were also predictive, and positive change of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) within 3 months from the start of vaccination was also a biomarker; those should rather be thought as “proof of concept” of this immunotherapy. Samples from 20 non-responders who required surgical intervention after vaccination revealed that tumor cells might have escaped from immunological attack by decreasing WT1 and HLA expression, by comparing with pre-vaccination samples in the same patients. On the response assessment, we reported that methionine PET was more accurate than enhancing MRI, when assuming survivals (Chiba, Hashimoto et al., J Neurosurg, 2012). Among MRI-based response assessments of RECIST, Macdonald, immune-related response criteria (irRC) and RANO, our analyses using 60 patients have revealed that RANO was the most appropriate surrogate of survivals in early phase, although more accurate criteria specific to immunotherapy on brain tumors were warranted.
Hepatitis and Cirrhosis in Women with Positive Clot Tests for Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Lloyd G. Bartholomew, Albert B. Hagedorn, James C. Cain, Archie H. Baggenstoss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

ONLY insignificant histologic changes are ordinarily described in the liver of patients with lupus erythematosus, and the occurrence of jaundice is so rare that it is usually considered an incidental finding. Lupus erythematosus has rarely been regarded as a potential etiologic factor in the small group of patients presenting the problem of prolonged jaundice. The purpose of this study is to describe a group of women (mostly young adults) who presented not only prolonged jaundice with evidence of grave impairment of the liver but also hypergammaglobulinemia, the lupus-erythematosus-cell (L.E.-cell) phenomenon and clinical evidence of diffuse lupus erythematosus. Beam and his . . .
Interferon for Hepatitis C Virus–Negative Type II Mixed Cryoglobulinemia
Authors: Milvia Casato, Bruno Lagana, Leopoldo P. Pucillo, Isabella Quinti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

To the Editor: Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (type II) has turned out to be secondary to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the large majority of patients.1 Interferon is now considered the treatment of choice.2–5 It is generally believed that the efficacy of interferon in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia depends on the suppression of HCV viremia, since viral antigens seem to be a key factor in cryoprecipitates.1 As a corollary, interferon might be anticipated to be effective only in HCV-associated cryoglobulinemias. In contrast, we found that interferon was highly effective in two HCV-negative patients with true essential type II mixed . . .
Development of an Intravenous Bile Acid Tolerance Test
Authors: Melvyn G. Korman, Nicholas F. LaRusso, Neville E. Hoffman, Alan F. Hofmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

To develop an intravenous bile acid tolerance test that might be useful for detecting impaired liver function or liver injury, the plasma disappearance of intravenously injected cholylglycine was characterized in healthy man by a radioimmunoassay, specific for conjugates of cholic acid, on serial samples of venous blood. Cholylglycine disappearance was rapid (mean half-life ± S.E. = 2.6 ± 0.1 minutes) and of first-order kinetics; the rate of disappearance was independent of dose between 2 and 15 μmoles per kilogram of body weight. A dose of 5 μmoles per kilogram was selected as an optimal dose, and its clearance was defined in 45 healthy subjects. After intravenous injection of this dose, conjugates of cholic acid increased 10-fold, but in all subjects the concentration of these bile acids had returned to 1 μM (the upper limit of normal, fasting state) by 10 minutes. No side effects were observed. (N Engl J Med 292:1205–1209, 1975)
Benefit of a Favorable Cardiovascular Risk-Factor Profile in Middle Age with Respect to Medicare Costs
Authors: Martha L. Daviglus, Kiang Liu, Philip Greenland, Alan R. Dyer, Daniel B. Garside, Larry Manheim, Lynn P. Lowe, Miriam Rodin, James Lubitz, Jeremiah Stamler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

People without major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in middle age live longer than those with unfavorable risk-factor profiles. It is not known whether such low-risk status also results in lower expenditures for medical care at older ages. We used data from the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry to assess the relation of a low risk of cardiovascular disease in middle age to Medicare expenditures later in life.
Laboratory-Acquired Sabiá Virus Infection
Authors: Robert W. Ryder, Elan J. Gandsman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: Thomas and Lowitt (Aug. 3 issue) 1 describe a 41-year-old female cocaine abuser who presented with an ischemic stroke due to occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery, documented by angiography.As an exercise in clinical problem-solving, this report is incomplete in its presentation and flawed in its conclusions.First, the patient is described as having aphasia and left hemiparesis, a combination that would occur only in a subgroup of left-handed persons with right hemispheric speech dominance.It is therefore essential that information about handedness and characteristics of the speech disturbance be provided.Second, no other neurologic deficits are described, no description of the final location and size of the infarct on computed tomography (CT) is given, and no information about filling of the lenticulostriate vessels on angiography is provided.Therefore, it cannot be determined whether the leg weakness was due to cortical infarction in the territory of the middle cerebral artery -not an uncommon finding 2 -or to superimposed subcortical infarction.Third, and most troubling, the evidence that links the patient's cerebral infarction to a strangulation attempt four months before her admission is tenuous and does not support the authors' lengthy commentary on domestic violence.The angiogram did not show carotid dissection.The proposal that focal injury to the endothelium of the internal carotid artery at the time of the attempted strangulation may have led to mural thrombosis and delayed embolization is at best a hy-pothesis, which should be entertained in the context of other, more viable hypotheses.In the Stroke Data Bank, fully 40 percent of cerebral infarcts were classified as infarcts of undetermined cause. 3 Of the patients with infarcts of undetermined cause who were evaluated with both CT and angiography, 66 percent were given a diagnosis of embolism from an undetermined source, 3 a category that may be well suited to the case under discussion.Furthermore, a history of cocaine abuse constitutes an important and increasingly prevalent risk factor for stroke 4 and should not be dismissed without toxicologic verification.In addition, information regarding oral-contraceptive use, an important risk factor in young women with stroke, 5 is lacking.Finally, if the "smooth filling defect" in the internal carotid artery was in fact believed to represent a thrombus, why was appropriate treatment (anticoagulation or surgical exploration) not undertaken to prevent further embolization?
Osteomalacia Following Partial Gastrectomy
Authors: R. A. Melick, J. A. Benson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

ALTHOUGH defects in fat absorption after partial gastrectomy are widely appreciated,1 , 2 only a rare case of osteomalacia with such steatorrhea has been described in the literature. Pyrah and Smith3 reported a case diagnosed at the menopause, fourteen years after a subtotal gastrectomy (Polya operation) for gastric ulcer. These authors cited another patient in whom osteomalacia was found at the age of thirty, five years after gastrectomy. Three additional cases have been reported, occurring three, four and fifteen years after Polya anastomosis in postmenopausal women.4 Experimentally, total gastrectomy in growing puppies receiving vitamin D by mouth has produced severe "osteoporosis," with . . .