tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Commentary: Patient's view
Authors: Dempsey, Douglas Lowdon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

I agreed to my case being used because I hoped that it might assist doctors, and in particular remind them to think of the diagnosis of lymphoma, and so benefit future patients. It's quite humbling to think that doctors from every continent have read about my illness. My only negative comment about the responses is the number of doctors who referred to me as “old” or “elderly.” I am only 66 after all.

After weeks of suffering with breathlessness, I finally decided to trouble my doctor when I could not play with the grandchildren. When Dr Ogilvie told me I probably had “fluid on the lungs,” I was excited at the prospect of feeling better with water tablets.

I thought I would wait months to be seen at the hospital, but I was seen within days. When I was told by Dr Lowdon that the breathlessness was probably a consequence of “heart failure” I should have been very frightened, but I had never had any heart pain and lived a healthy lifestyle so I do not think I believed him.

When I returned two weeks later I was disappointed to feel no better, but I began to worry only when Dr Lowdon said he didn't know what was giving me fluid on my lungs. When he told me it was not due to the heart I felt like saying, “I could have told you that.” He wanted me to stay in hospital to get the fluid drained. I said I did not want to take up a bed as there were many elderly patients waiting in the corridor for beds. I felt they were more deserving than I was. I had also seen drains inserted into patients on the television and was scared.

The period when I was waiting for scans and then results was very frustrating because I just wanted answers and to feel better. I felt that life was on hold.

When we were told that I had “cancer of the glands,” the word cancer hit me and I wept for the whole afternoon. I felt “why me” and “I'm on my way out.” My major concern though was how to tell my family. The haematology nurses talked to me and answered all my questions. This made it easier to explain my illness and treatment to my family.

I had repeat computed tomography yesterday after my last scan apparently showed “significant reduction” in the size of my cancerous glands after three cycles of chemotherapy.

At first, I associated cancer with death; I do not now. It has been a long six months, but finally I feel almost back to normal. I never thought that I would feel like this again. At present, I can walk up the hill on the way home from town. In fact, it is my husband's hip that is holding me up now—we hope the hospital will treat him next.
Systematic community- and hospital-based surveillance for enterovirus-D68 in three Canadian provinces, August to December 2014
Authors: Danuta M Skowronski, Catharine Chambers, Suzana Sabaiduc, Michelle Murti, Reka Gustafson, Sue Pollock, Dee Hoyano, Shirley Rempel, Sandra Allison, Gaston De Serres, James A Dickinson, Raymond Tellier, Kevin Fonseca, Steven J Drews, Christine Martineau, Francesca Reyes-Domingo, Tom Wong, Patrick Tang, Mel Krajden
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

Respiratory specimens collected from outpatients with influenza-like illness in three Canadian provinces (British Columbia (BC), Alberta and Quebec) participating in a community-based sentinel surveillance network were prospectively screened for enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68) from 1 August to 31 December 2014 and compared to specimens collected from 1 October 2013 to 31 July 2014. Eighteen (1%) of 1,894 specimens were EV-D68-positive: 1/348 (0.3%) collected from October to December 2013 and 11/460 (2.4%) from October to December 2014, an eight-fold increase in detection rates (p=0.01), consistent with epidemic circulation in autumn 2014. The remaining EV-D68 detections were in September 2014 (6/37). Enhanced passive surveillance was also conducted on all inpatient and outpatient EV-D68 cases (n=211) detected at the BC provincial reference laboratory from 28 August to 31 December 2014. Incidence of hospitalisations was 3/100,000 overall and 21, 17, 4 and 1/100,000 among those &lt;5, 5–9, 10–19 and ≥20-years-old with male-to-female ratios &gt;1 among paediatric but not adult cases. Three cases in BC with comorbidity or co-infection died and five exhibited neurological features persisting &gt;9 months. Active surveillance in outpatient and inpatient settings is needed from more areas and additional seasons to better understand EV-D68 epidemiology and potential at-risk groups for severe or unusual manifestations.
Episodic rate of mental hospitalization: stable or increasing?
Authors: C A Kiesler, A E Sibulkin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

It is generally accepted that the national rate of mental hospitalization has been stable in recent years (at 1.8 million). That conclusion, based largely on data from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), ignores all inpatient episodes for mental disorders in general hospitals without psychiatric units. Surveying the more extensive data base, the authors previously reported a much larger number of inpatient episodes (about 3 million). This article investigates changes in rates across years and finds a steady increase from 1965 to 1979. The difference is entirely attributable to inpatient episodes in general hospitals without psychiatric units, where the number of episodes has been rapidly increasing.
Post-translational regulation of inflammasomes
Authors: Jie Yang, Zhonghua Liu, Tsan Sam Xiao
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2016)

Inflammasomes play essential roles in immune protection against microbial infections. However, excessive inflammation is implicated in various human diseases, including autoinflammatory syndromes, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, precise regulation of inflammasome activities is critical for adequate immune protection while limiting collateral tissue damage. In this review, we focus on the emerging roles of post-translational modifications (PTMs) that regulate activation of the NLRP3, NLRP1, NLRC4, AIM2 and IFI16 inflammasomes. We anticipate that these types of PTMs will be identified in other types of and less well-characterized inflammasomes. Because these highly diverse and versatile PTMs shape distinct inflammatory responses in response to infections and tissue damage, targeting the enzymes involved in these PTMs will undoubtedly offer opportunities for precise modulation of inflammasome activities under various pathophysiological conditions.
Long-term persistence of human donor alveolar macrophages in lung transplant recipients
Authors: Ibon Eguíluz-Gracia, Hans Henrik Lawaetz Schultz, Liv I B Sikkeland, Elena Danilova, Are M Holm, Cornelis J H Pronk, William W Agace, Martin Iversen, Claus Andersen, Frode L Jahnsen, Espen S Baekkevold
Journal: Thorax (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> Alveolar macrophages (AMFs) are critical regulators of lung function, and may participate in graft rejection following lung transplantation. Recent studies in experimental animals suggest that most AMFs are self-maintaining cells of embryonic origin, but knowledge about the ontogeny and life span of human AMFs is scarce. <h3>Methods</h3> To follow the origin and longevity of AMFs in patients with lung transplantation for more than 100 weeks, we obtained transbronchial biopsies from 10 gender-mismatched patients with lung transplantation. These were subjected to combined in situ hybridisation for X/Y chromosomes and immunofluorescence staining for macrophage markers. Moreover, development of AMFs in humanised mice reconstituted with CD34+ umbilical cord-derived cells was assessed. <h3>Results</h3> The number of donor-derived AMFs was unchanged during the 2 year post-transplantation period. A fraction of the AMFs proliferated locally, demonstrating that at least a subset of human AMFs have the capacity to self-renew. Lungs of humanised mice were found to abundantly contain populations of human AMFs expressing markers compatible with a monocyte origin. Moreover, in patients with lung transplantation we found that recipient monocytes seeded the alveoli early after transplantation, and showed subsequent phenotypical changes consistent with differentiation into proliferating mature AMFs. This resulted in a stable mixed chimerism between donor and recipient AMFs throughout the 2-year period. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The finding that human AMFs are maintained in the lung parenchyma for several years indicates that pulmonary macrophage transplantation can be a feasible therapeutic option for patients with diseases caused by dysfunctional AMFs. Moreover, in a lung transplantation setting, long-term persistence of donor AMFs may be important for the development of chronic graft rejection.
Unacceptable Toxicity of Lenalidomide When Administered to CLL Patients at Higher Doses.
Authors: Leslie A. Andritsos, Amy J. Johnson, William Blum, Cheryl Kefauver, Farrukh Awan, Lisa L. Smith, Rosa Lapalombella, Da-Sheng Wang, Robert D. Knight, Ching-Shih Chen, John C. Byrd
Journal: Blood (2007)
Studies in Endocrine Pharmacology
Authors: Attallah Kappas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

STEROID production increases markedly during normal human pregnancy; progesterone formation may rise 20 to 40 times, for example, and the synthesis of estriol in the last trimester can reach 60 to 70 mg per day — an amount that exceeds the output of this compound in the nongravid state by a factor of 1000 or more. This extraordinary production of steroids distinguishes pregnancy as a natural pharmacologic event that, in a quantitative sense, is without endocrine parallel in man. It also prompts a natural interest in the possible effects of such large amounts of hormones (and hormone metabolites) on the . . .
Prognostic significance of maximal tumor size (MTS) in young patients with good-prognosis diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with CHOP-like chemotherapy with and without rituximab: Analysis of the MabThera International Trial Group (MInT) study
Authors: M. G. Pfreundschuh, M. Hensel, E. Cavallin-Stahl, I. Vasova, S. Kvaloey, D. Gill, J. Walewski, P. Zinzani, R. Pettengell, E. Kuhnt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

8053 Purpose: To determine the impact of MTS in young (18 to 60 years) patients with DLBCL and aaIPI=0,1. Patients and Methods: Outcome of patients treated with CHOP-like chemotherapy with (R-CHEMO) or without rituximab (CHEMO) was analyzed according to MTS. Results: A Martingale residual analysis revealed a linear negative prognostic impact of MTS on event-free (EFS) and overall (OS) survival. The hazard ratios for MTS per centimeter increase were significant for EFS (1.07; 95%-CI: 1.04–1.11; p&lt;0.001) and OS (1.11; 95%-CI: 1.06–1.16; p&lt;0.001). CHEMO 3-year EFS rates ranged between 78% for MTS &lt;5cm and 41% for MTS &gt;10cm. R-CHEMO 3-year EFS ranged from 83% (MTS &lt;5cm) to 73% (MTS &gt;=10cm). CHEMO 3-year OS rates decreased from 93% (MTS &lt;5cm) to 74% (MTS &gt;=10cm). R-CHEMO 3-year OS decreased from 98% (MTS &lt;5cm) to 85% (MTS &gt;=10cm). With CHEMO, any cut-off point between 5 and 10 cm separated a thus defined “non-bulky” from a “bulky” population with a 3-year EFS difference &gt;20% (p&lt;0.0001) and OS difference &gt;12% (p&lt;0.003), while with R-CHEMO only cut-off points &gt;=10cm separated two populations with a significant EFS difference (9.1%; p=0.047), and cut-off points &gt;=6cm discriminated two populations with a significant OS difference (7.6%-11.3%; p=0.037–0.0009). Conclusion: Due to the linear prognostic impact of MTS on outcome, cut-off points for “bulky” disease can be set rather arbitrarily between 5 and 10cm depending on clinical considerations. Rituximab reduces, but does not eliminate the negative prognostic impact of MTS in young patients with good-prognosis DLBCL. [Table: see text]
Measles in a Patient with Presumed Immunity — Los Angeles County, 2015
Authors: Amanda Kamali, Chhandasi P. Bagchi, Emmanuel Mendoza, Dulmini Wilson, Benjamin Schwartz, Laurene Mascola
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015)

On February 14, 2015, patient A, aged 17 years, was seen in an emergency department for evaluation of reactive airway disease. In the waiting room at the same time were two siblings, aged 6 months, presenting with fever and rash; these two children (patients B and C) were later confirmed to have measles. Patient A began a 5-day course of oral prednisone (50 mg per day); however, symptoms continued, and patient A returned to the emergency department the next day and received 125 mg of intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone. Patient A had documentation of receipt of 2 doses of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine at ages 12 months and 4 years.
Bevacizumab plus radiotherapy for elderly patients with glioblastoma (ARTE).
Authors: Ghazaleh Tabatabai, Michael Weller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

TPS2105 Background: The standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastomas after surgical resection is radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy. Yet, inclusion into the pivotal trial was limited to patients up to the age of 70, and subgroup analyses suggested that older patients did not gain benefit from combined modality treatment. Further, the efficacy of radiotherapy has been confirmed in a randomized trial comparing best supportive care versus radiotherapy alone. Of note, hypofractionated radiotherapy is equieffective in patients aged 65-70 years and more. Two randomized trials in elderly patients (NOA-08, Nordic Trial) indicated smilar efficacy of primary temozolomide chemotherapy alone compared with radiotherapy alone. Combined radiochemotherapy is compared with radiotherapy alone in an ongoing NCIC-CTG EORTC TROG Japanese group trial 26062-22061. Thus, radiotherapy alone is the standard of care for newly diagnosed glioblastoma of elderly patients. These clinical data justify the exploration of new, temozolomide-free first-line treatment strategies in elderly patients. Methods: The ARTE trial will therefore investigate bevacizumab when added to a short course of radiotherapy and bevacizumab maintenance therapy until progression. The translational research program shall include blood and urine biomarker analysis and FET-PET in addition to MRI for monitoring the course of the disease. This trial is an explorative randomized, non-comparative phase II trial aiming at recruiting 60 patients in Switzerland. Elderly patients (&gt; 65) will be randomized 2:1 either to the experimental arm (bevacizumab plus radiotherapy) or the standard arm (radiotherapy). The primary endpoint is median overall survival. Secondary endpoints include overall survival at 6 months, overall survival at 12 months, median progression-free survival, progression-free survival at 6 months, median time to treatment failure.
Efficient production and enhanced tumor delivery of engineered extracellular vesicles
Authors: Dionysios C. Watson, Defne Bayik, Avinash Srivatsan, Cristina Bergamaschi, Antonio Valentin, Gang Niu, Jenifer Bear, Mitchell Monninger, Mei Sun, Aizea Morales-Kastresana, Jennifer C. Jones, Barbara K. Felber, Xiaoyuan Chen, Ihsan Gursel, George N. Pavlakis
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)

Extracellular vesicles (EV), including exosomes and microvesicles, are nano-sized intercellular communication vehicles that participate in a multitude of physiological processes. Due to their biological properties, they are also promising candidates for the systemic delivery of therapeutic compounds, such as cytokines, chemotherapeutic drugs, siRNAs and viral vectors. However, low EV production yield and rapid clearance of administered EV by liver macrophages limit their potential use as therapeutic vehicles. We have used a hollow-fiber bioreactor for the efficient production of bioactive EV bearing the heterodimeric cytokine complex Interleukin-15:Interleukin-15 receptor alpha. Bioreactor culture yielded ∼40-fold more EV per mL conditioned medium, as compared to conventional cell culture. Biophysical analysis and comparative proteomics suggested a more diverse population of EV in the bioreactor preparations, while serum protein contaminants were detectable only in conventional culture EV preparations. We also identified the Scavenger Receptor Class A family (SR-A) as a novel monocyte/macrophage uptake receptor for EV. In vivo blockade of SR-A with dextran sulfate dramatically decreased EV liver clearance in mice, while enhancing tumor accumulation. These findings facilitate development of EV therapeutic methods.
Concomitant chemoradiation (CRT) or cetuximab/RT (CET/RT) versus induction Docetaxel/ Cisplatin/5-Fluorouracil (TPF) followed by CRT or CET/RT in patients with Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck (LASCCHN). A randomized phase III factorial study (NCT01086826).
Authors: Maria Grazia Ghi, Adriano Paccagnella, Daris Ferrari, Paolo Foa, Maria Cossu Rocca, Elena Verri, Franco Morelli, Giuseppe Azzarello, Consuelo D'Ambrosio, Giorgio Cruciani, Monica Guaraldi, Elena Massa, Ciro Rossetto, Andrea Bonetti, Salvatore Siena, Vincenzo Minotti, Haralabos Koussis, Gabriella Pieri, Vittorio Baggio, Irene Floriani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

6004 Background: Platinum-based CRT is the standard treatment for LASCCHN. CET/RT is superior to RT alone and it is an alternative treatment to CRT. Induction TPF resulted to be superior to cisplatin/5fluorouracil but its efficacy when added to concomitant treatment is to be demonstrated. We designed this open-label multicenter 2x2 factorial study to assess 2 primary endpoints: 1) overall survival (OS) of induction vs. no induction; 2) Grade 3-4 in-field mucosal toxicity of CRT vs. CET/RT (already presented at ASCO 2013). Methods: 421 patients with LASCCHN of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, stage III-IV, ECOG PS 0-1 were randomized to one of four treatment options: Arm A1: CRT (cisplatin/5fluorouracil x 2 concomitant to standard RT fractionation); Arm A2: CET/RT; Arm B1: 3 cycles of TPF followed by the same CRT; Arm B2: 3 cycles of TPF followed by CET/RT. The superiority hypothesis of OS comparison of TPF induction vs. no induction (Arms B1+B2 vs. A1+A2), requires 204 deaths to detect a relative reduction of 33% with 2-sided 5% significance level for the log-rank test and a power of 80%. Results: 415 out of 421 patients (six major violations) were finally analyzed: 207 in induction and 208 in concomitant arm. By march 2014, at a median follow-up of 41.3 months (mos), 243 events for PFS and 201 deaths were observed. Radiological CR was 43.5% in induction and 28% in concomitant arm (p=0.002) Median PFS was 29.7 mos in induction vs 18.5 in concomitant arm with a 3-year PFS of 46.8% vs 36.7% (HR:0.73; 95%CI 0.57-0.94; p=0.015), respectively. Median OS was 53.7 mos in induction vs 30.3 in concomitant arm with a 3-year OS of 57.6% vs 45.7% (HR:0.72; 95%CI 0.55-0.96; p=0.025) respectively. Compliance to concomitant treatments was not affected by induction TPF. Conclusions: Induction TPF followed by CRT or CET/RT significantly improved PFS and OS (independently from the type of concomitant strategy) in LASCCHN patients without compromising compliance to the concomitant treatments. Clinical trial information: NCT01086826.
Gene-specific patterns of expression variation across organs and species
Authors: Alessandra Breschi, Sarah Djebali, Jesse Gillis, Dmitri D. Pervouchine, Alex Dobin, Carrie A. Davis, Thomas R. Gingeras, Roderic Guigó
Journal: Genome biology (2016)

A comparison of transcriptional profiles derived from different tissues in a given species or among different species assumes that commonalities reflect evolutionarily conserved programs and that differences reflect species or tissue responses to environmental conditions or developmental program staging. Apparently conflicting results have been published regarding whether organ-specific transcriptional patterns dominate over species-specific patterns, or vice versa, making it unclear to what extent the biology of a given organism can be extrapolated to another. These studies have in common that they treat the transcriptomes monolithically, implicitly ignoring that each gene is likely to have a specific pattern of transcriptional variation across organs and species.We use linear models to quantify this pattern. We find a continuum in the spectrum of expression variation: the expression of some genes varies considerably across species and little across organs, and simply reflects evolutionary distance. At the other extreme are genes whose expression varies considerably across organs and little across species; these genes are much more likely to be associated with diseases than are genes whose expression varies predominantly across species.Whether transcriptomes, when considered globally, cluster preferentially according to one component or the other may not be a property of the transcriptomes, but rather a consequence of the dominant behavior of a subset of genes. Therefore, the values of the components of the variance of expression for each gene could become a useful resource when planning, interpreting, and extrapolating experimental data from mouse to humans.
Case 12-1972
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Charles A. Sanders, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Presentation of CaseA 71-year-old right-handed man was admitted to the hospital because of chest pain.Eight years previously a transient left hemiparesis occurred. Thereafter he began to have episodes of substernal pain, predominantly on exertion. Propranolol and isosorbide dinitrate afforded relief, but he still required nitroglycerin two or three times daily. For several years he experienced exertional dyspnea and intermittent claudication. Sixteen months before entry there was a transient right hemiparesis. On the day of admission he was awakened by severe, diffuse pain in the anterior portion of the chest, accompanied by nausea, sweating and dyspnea; the pain subsided . . .
Treatment of Extensive Burns
Authors: B E Zawacki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

It is thus seen that about 4 per cent, of patients carried upon the hospital registers are at home on parole.Desiring to obtain definite information of the work- ings of this system in this State, I recently wrote the superintendent of each of the large public hospitals for the insane inquiring as follows :- 1.How many patients have you on your register? 2. How many are at home on parole? 3. Is any supervision exercised over patients out on parole?4. Is any special effort made to get harmless chronic cases out on parole?5. Do you approve the system?To these questions the various superintendents courteously replied as follows:- Dr. Arthur Loewy,of the Northern, reports 1,115 patients on the register, with 30 at home on parole.Paroled patients are supervised by correspondence with their friends.He always recommends the removal of harmless chronic cases whenever they can be cared for at home.He approves the parole system.Dr. W. C. Lence, of the Southern, states that at his insti- tution no supervision of paroled patients is exercised, ex- cept to instruct the friends to return them if they become worse.Special efforts are made to get patients out on parole, and he approves the system.
Association of T Cell Costimulatory and Downregulatory Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Multiple Myeloma.
Authors: Irena Frydecka, Edyta Pawlak, Lidia Karabon, Ewa Sowinska, Anna Jonkisz, Arleta Lebioda, Tadeusz Dobosz, Katarzyna Suwalska, Anna Tutak, Kazimierz Kuliczkowski
Journal: Blood (2006)
Pigmentary traits and use of indoor tanning beds in a cohort of women
Authors: W.‐Q. Li, E. Cho, J. Han, S. Wu, A. A. Qureshi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Frequent use of indoor tanning with artificial UV radiation likely contributes to the rising incidence of skin cancer1,2. Despite known risks, indoor tanning is very common, with a prevalence of 36% among adults in Western countries1. Reasons for individuals’ use of indoor tanning include perceived aesthetic benefits, improved mood, and socialization3,4.

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