tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A non-invasive urine exosome gene expression assay (ExoIntelliScore Prostate) to predict pathologic stage and grade in the prostatectomy specimen.
Authors: Michael Donovan, James Andrew Eastham, Vipul Patel, James M McKiernan, Mikkel Noerholm, Susan Belzer, Stefan Bentink, Vince O'Neill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

46 Background: Non-invasive screening tools that add predictive value for identifying high-grade, Gleason score (GS) ≥7 should impact on the current diagnostic and subsequent treatment decision process. We have developed standardized processes to isolate exosomal-RNA from first-catch, non-DRE, urine specimens and have validated a three gene signature (ExoIntelliScore Prostate) that reliably differentiates GS7+ from GS6 and benign at the time of an initial biopsy. In addition to the biopsy outcomes, we sought to understand the performance of the assay in predicting objective pathology in the prostatectomy specimen. Methods: Pre-radical prostatectomy first-catch non-DRE urine specimens were collected from 5 urology practices (academic/community practices) without preservative, stored at 2-8C (up to 2 weeks) and shipped on ice to a central laboratory (Exosome Diagnostics, St. Paul, MN). Exosomes were isolated and RNA extraction performed. RT-qPCR RNA copy numbers of ERG and PCA3 were normalized to SPDEF. Spearman and Pearson correlation along with AUC was used to evaluate performance. Results: Pre-RP urine samples from 430 patients were collected: 16% GS6, 45% GS7 (3+4), 39% (&gt;/=GS4+3) and 85% PSA &lt;10 ng/mL. 359 patients had complete clinical and ExoIntelliScore Prostate assay results with comparable demographics. Importantly, the Exo106 significantly correlated with prostatectomy GS (p=0.025; Spearman’s rank-order). In addition, Exo106 significantly correlated with both tumor volume and pathologic stage (p=0.002, Pearson). Conclusions: A previously validated non-invasive urine exosome gene signature (ExoIntelliScore Prostate) accurately reflects what is present within the prostatectomy specimen with respect to grade, stage and tumor volume. Such information could be incorporated into the treatment decision process, including active surveillance.
Noninvasive imaging methods to determine severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: William N. Hannah, Stephen A. Harrison
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common form of liver disease in developed countries, with an estimated prevalence of 20%‐30% and increasing to as high as 90% in diabetics. As the rates of NAFLD continue to rise in parallel with those of the obesity pandemic, it is increasingly important to differentiate those patients with the highest risk of progression to fibrosis and cirrhosis. In fact, those patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis are at the greatest risk of progression to advanced disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer and are more likely to develop liver‐related mortality. Thus, it is critically important to distinguish between NASH and non‐NASH NAFLD. Whereas liver biopsy remains the gold standard for staging of disease, complications of this procedure and other well‐recognized limitations make it impractical for widespread use given the overall NAFLD disease burden. Noninvasive imaging modalities are increasingly being utilized to evaluate and stage NAFLD in patients with such a wide spectrum of disease. In this article, the role of these new and promising noninvasive imaging modalities to assess disease severity in NAFLD are reviewed. (H epatology 2016;64:2234‐2243)
On emotion-cognition integration: The effect of happy and sad moods on language comprehension
Authors: Giovanna Egidi
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2015)

Abstract I comment on Pessoa's (2013) idea that the interaction between emotion and cognition cannot be reduced to mutual interference. As an example that bolsters Pessoa's position, I discuss the effects of happy and sad moods on discourse and sentence comprehension. I distinguish between the effects of moods elicited without participants' knowledge (incidental) and moods elicited with participants' contribution (constructed).
Case 44-1975
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Anthony F. Lalli, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Presentation of CaseA 65-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of hematuria and fever.Four days previously she began to have chills and fever, with rise of the temperature to 40.1°C, severe, dull, noncolicky pain in the right flank, gross hematuria, nausea and vomiting. There was no history of a urinary-tract infection, anorexia or weight loss.Forty years before admission pulmonary tuberculosis had been treated by a left pneumothorax. She never received antituberculous drugs. Three years before entry a left radical mastectomy was performed because of an infiltrating ductal carcinoma; one of 11 axillary lymph nodes contained metastatic . . .
Ribosomal Protein S24 Gene Is Mutated in Diamond-Blackfan Anemia.
Authors: Hanna Gazda, Agnieszka Grabowska, Lilia Long, Elzbieta Latawiec, Hal Schneider, Jeffrey Lipton, Adrianna Vlachos, Eva Atsidaftos, Sarah Ball, Karen Orfali, Edyta Niewiadomska, Lydie Da Costa, Gilbert Jean Tchernia, Charlotte Marie Niemeyer, Joerg Meerpohl, Joachim Stahl, Gerhard Schratt, Bertil Glader, David G. Nathan, Alan H. Beggs, Colin A. Sieff
Journal: Blood (2006)
The role of autologous bone marrow transplantation in advanced neuroblastoma.
Authors: J J Shuster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1996.14.9.2413 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 8823317 The role of autologous bone marrow transplantation in advanced neuroblastoma. J J ShusterxJ J ShusterSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1996.14.9.2413 PDF "The role of autologous bone marrow transplantation in advanced neuroblastoma.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 14(9), pp. 2413–2414© 1996 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Authors’ reply. Spotlight on measles 2010: Measles in healthcare workers – vaccination should be revisited
Authors: I Parent du Châtelet, D Floret, J  M Thiolet, D Lévy-Bruhl
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

Preview this article: Authors' reply. Spotlight on measles 2010: Measles in healthcare workers – vaccination should be revisited, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/15/41/art19685-en-1.gif
Disturbances of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning during ethanol withdrawal in six men
Authors: B Adinoff, D Risher-Flowers, J De Jong, B Ravitz, G H Bone, D J Nutt, L Roehrich, P R Martin, M Linnoila
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1991)

Excessive exposure to glucocorticoids can have neurotoxic effects. The behavioral, cognitive, and neurochemical changes observed following the cessation of heavy drinking, therefore, may be associated with disturbances of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. To investigate HPA axis disturbances during the ethanol withdrawal syndrome, the authors examined diurnal changes in plasma cortisol in six alcohol-dependent men following the abrupt discontinuation of alcohol intake.Plasma cortisol concentrations were quantified every 30 minutes for 24 hours in the early stage (1 day after cessation) and the middle to late stage (3 days after cessation) of the ethanol withdrawal syndrome as well as after the resolution of acute symptoms (8 days or more after cessation).Plasma cortisol concentrations were almost twice as high during acute withdrawal as they were following recovery. The duration of the cortisol diurnal cycle on the first day of withdrawal was negatively correlated with the severity of withdrawal.There is a marked activation of the HPA axis associated with the ethanol withdrawal syndrome. The authors hypothesize that this activation may account for some of the signs and symptoms of acute and subacute withdrawal. They discuss the potential long-term physiological effects of the episodic increases in cortisol associated with repeated episodes of ethanol withdrawal. The alterations in cortisol rhythmicity during early withdrawal may also have clinical implications.
Letter by Thuny and Cautela Regarding Article, “Infective Endocarditis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Results From a Large Multicenter Registry”
Authors: Franck Thuny, Jennifer Cautela
Journal: Circulation (2015)

We read with interest the recent article by Amat-Santos et al 1 describing the incidence, predictors, clinical characteristics, management, and outcome of infective endocarditis (IE) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).This is a very informative and timely study published in the context of a new paradigm in the treatment of aortic valve stenosis.In a very large sample of patients, they confirmed the severity of this new form of IE and the need for new appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.The authors found an IE incidence of 0.5% within the first year after TAVI and only a 22.6% incidence of paravalvular extension in the TAVI-IE group.We believe that these rates are probably and largely underestimated because echocardiography has a lower sensitivity to detect the signs of infection of prosthetic valves, especially in the case of TAVI.Recent cases reports and small series support this comment. 2,3Indeed, for prosthetic valve IE, ≈30% of periannular abscesses or pseudoaneurysms are not detected by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, resulting in a lower sensitivity of the modified Duke criteria and an inappropriate management. 4lthough the authors reviewed the "possible" diagnoses of TAVI-IE before to include or excluded them from the study, some could be misclassified if echocardiography had been used as the sole imaging technique.Moreover, the limited diagnostic value of echocardiography to detect abscess in this context could explain in part the relatively high incidence of relapses in patients who were not operated on.Thus, TAVI-IE is a new form of endocarditis requiring the description of a new imaging semiology by the use of new techniques such as cardiac computed tomography angiography, 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucosepositron emission tomography/computed tomography, or radiolabeled leucocytes/single-photon emission computed tomography.These techniques have demonstrated their incremental diagnostic value in difficult cases of prosthetic valve IE, and some have proposed the implement of their results into the modified Duke criteria. 4,5id the authors of the present study have any additional data on the imaging techniques used to diagnose the most recent TAVI-IE?For us, the modern diagnostic classification of IE should be adapted to the changing profile of the disease and the emerging imaging techniques.
Familial Clustering of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Bacteremia in First-Degree Relatives
Authors: Louise B. Oestergaard, Mia N. Christiansen, Michelle D. Schmiegelow, Robert L. Skov, Paal S. Andersen, Andreas Petersen, Kristian Aasbjerg, Thomas A. Gerds, Per K. Andersen, Christian Torp-Pedersen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Background: A genetic predisposition to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia has been demonstrated in animals, suggesting that genetic differences might influence susceptibility to S aureus in humans. Objective: To determine whether a history of S aureus bacteremia in first-degree relatives increases the rate of the disease, and whether this rate is affected by the type of family relationship (that is, parent or sibling) or by how the relative acquired the infection. Design: Register-based nationwide cohort study (1992 to 2011). Setting: Denmark. Participants: First-degree relatives (children or siblings) of patients previously hospitalized with S aureus bacteremia. Measurements: Poisson regression models were used to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of S aureus bacteremia, with the incidence rate in the population as a reference. Results: 34 774 individuals (the exposed cohort) with a first-degree relative (index case patient) previously hospitalized with S aureus bacteremia were followed up for a median of 7.8 years (interquartile range, 3.6 to 13.0). A higher rate of S aureus bacteremia was observed among these first-degree relatives (SIR, 2.49 [95% CI, 1.95 to 3.19]) than in the background population. The estimate was significantly higher if the index case patient was a sibling (SIR, 5.01 [CI, 3.30 to 7.62]) than a parent (SIR, 1.96 [CI, 1.45 to 2.67]; interaction P < 0.0001). No interaction was observed regarding the sex of the first-degree relative (interaction P for parents = 0.85; interaction P for siblings = 0.92). Stratifying by disease acquisition revealed the highest rates in individuals exposed to index case patients with non–hospital-acquired infection. Few were infected with genetically identical bacteremia isolates. Limitation: The rarity of the outcome limited the number of variables in the multiple regression analysis, and whether nonsignificant interactions were true or caused by insufficient statistical power remains uncertain. Conclusion: A significant familial clustering of S aureus bacteremia was found, with the greatest relative rate of disease observed in individuals exposed to siblings with a history of the disease. Primary Funding Source: The Danish Heart Foundation and the Christian Larsen and Judge Ellen Larsen Foundation.
Relationship of soluble VEGF-C and VEGF-D with clinicopathological parameters in metastatic malignant melanoma patients treated by biochemotherapy
Authors: R. Mouawad, J.-B. Meric, J.-P. Spano, G. Auclerc, O. Rixe, D. Khayat, C. Soubrane
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

7540 Background and Objectives: Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth & metastasis. It is controlled by angiogenic factors, one of the most important being vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Although its role has been demonstrated in many malignant tumors including melanoma, the importance of other members of VEGF family (C & D) has not yet been reported. This study was designed to determine whether soluble VEGF-C & or VEGF-D correlate with clinicopathological features of metastatic malignant melanoma (MMM) patients treated by biochemotherapy. Patients & treatment: 58 patients with MMM were treated by CDDP, recombinant IL-2 & α-Interferon in 2 induction cycles. The assessment of clinical response was performed according to WHO criteria. Methods: soluble VEGF-C & D were measured before & after treatment in the serum of MMM patients and 20 healthy donors using sensitive ELISA assays. Results: circulating VEGF-C & VEGF-D were detectable, variable in all samples from either melanoma patients or healthy donors. Before therapy, only median sVEGF-C level was significantly higher (p=0.005) in MMM patients as compared to healthy donors (355 vs 156 pg/ml). No significant correlations have been established between sVEGF-C or sVEGF-D levels with age, gender or LDH. By contrast, when patients were classified according to tumor burden, only median level of sVEGF-C was significantly higher (p=0.04) in patients with high tumor burden (n=31) as compared to those with low tumor burden (n=20). When clinical response has been taken into consideration, the level of VEGF-C was higher (455 pg/ml) in biochemorefractory (n=33) as compared to responder (n=21) patients (386 pg/ml). After treatment, an increase of circulating VEGF-C & VEGF-D was observed without any relationship with clinical response. However, it is important to note that sVEGF-C increased specifically in NR patients with high tumor burden. Conclusion: our results supports the concept that pretreatment sVEGF-C or its increase after therapy in association with tumor burden might have predictive value for identifying high-risk patients who have a worse prognosis in melanoma. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Detecting Plasma Tumor DNA in Early-Stage Breast Cancer—Reply
Authors: Julia A. Beaver, Ben Ho Park
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

We appreciate the comments of Kodahl and colleagues. However, there are several notable differences between their study and ours ([1][1]), which we believe explain the significant dissimilarities in the detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Kodahl and colleagues suggest the majority of our
Pediatric melanoma: Risk factor and survival analysis of the SEER Cancer Registry database
Authors: J. J. Strouse, T. Fears, M. A. Tucker, A. S. Wayne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

7556 Background: Three hundred to 350 new cases of malignant melanoma are diagnosed in children each year in the USA. Risk factors and prognosis in pediatric melanoma are poorly defined. Methods: We analyzed the 1183 pediatric (<20 years of age) and the 34,165 young adult (20–44 years of age) cases of melanoma contained in the 2000 National Cancer Institute's Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Database. We evaluated survival data and risk factors for melanoma development including levels of environmental ultraviolet radiation (UV) based on Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) measurements. Results: Rates of melanoma were lower in blacks (−96%, 95% confidence interval (CI) −98 to −92) compared to whites and males (−30%, 95% CI −38 to −22) compared to females. The incidence risk ratio of melanoma increased 8% (95% CI 7 to 9) per year of age. Melanoma rates varied in different geographic regions, and there was no clear relationship to EPA estimates of UV exposure. Pediatric cases had reported 5-year survival rates of 90.8% (95% CI 88.8 to 92.4). Five-year survival in children was 100% for in situ disease, 94.8% (95% CI 92.8 to 96.3) for localized disease, 69.4% (95% CI 57.6 to 78.5) for regional disease, and 36.1% (95% CI 18.6 to 53.9) for distant disease. The hazard ratio of death for the entire group was increased with older age, male gender, advanced disease, race other than white, second primary, or year of diagnosis before 1990. Conclusions: Factors associated with increased risk of pediatric and young adult melanoma in the SEER registries include Caucasian race, female gender, increasing age, and geographic location at diagnosis. Survival in pediatric patients with melanoma is similar to that seen in young adults. Survival is poor for children and adolescents who present with regional or distant metastases. Effective therapeutic strategies are needed for this group. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Cardiff Metropolitan University: the latest academic and practical developments in a Masters of Sport and Exercise Medicine (continuing professional development series)
Authors: Adam G Culvenor
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

Institution Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK.

Course Master of Science (MSc) in Sport and Exercise Medicine.

A Master of Sport and Exercise Medicine gives clinicians a deeper understanding of sports medicine, sports injuries and exercise medicine.1 Such specialised knowledge and advanced clinical skills are increasingly required to earn greater responsibility in managing the health of elite and recreational athletes and sporting teams,2 as well as for consulting with key sports governing bodies.

The MSc in Sport and Exercise Medicine is a course for British and international medical doctors, chartered physiotherapists and osteopaths seeking a specialist qualification in Sport and Exercise Medicine. Applications from sports rehabilitators, nurses and podiatrists who have appropriate professional registration and sports experience are considered. The Royal College of General Practitioners-accredited programme is directed by Dr Craig Ranson, a Wales Rugby Team Sports Physiotherapist with vast experience working in national elite sports medicine teams and conducting sports injury research and education.

An experienced team of sports medicine physicians, exercise and sports scientists, sports physiotherapists and orthopaedic surgeons provide …
Junior doctors reject proposed new contract
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Junior doctors and medical students in England have voted to reject a proposed new contract.

The BMA held a referendum on the proposed new contract between 17 June and 1 July to gauge the views of junior doctors. On Tuesday 5 July the BMA announced that 58% of junior doctors had voted to reject the proposals. Around 37 000 junior doctors and medical students, 68% of those in England, took part in the referendum, and though 42% voted in favour of the contract, 58% …
Characterization of anticancer activity of mana-hox, an analoge of manzamine alkaloids, in human androgen-independent prostate cancers
Authors: Che-Jen Hsiao, Ya-Ching Shen, Ping-Chiang Lyu, Jih-Hwa Guh
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Centennial Conference: Translational Cancer Medicine-- Nov 4-8, 2007; Singapore

C40 

Mana-Hox is a chemically synthetic analog of manzamine which is isolated from marine sponges. After an anticancer test by sulforhodamine B assays, the data showed that Mana-Hox inhibited the cell proliferation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in several human cancer cell lines including human androgen-independent prostate cancer PC-3 and DU-145, hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B and HepG2, colorectal cancer HT-29 and P-glycoprotein-rich NCI/ADR-RES cells with IC50 values ranging from 1.4 to 5.6 μM. The anticancer mechanism was delineated in PC-3 cells. The detection of cell-cycle progression by FACScan flow cytometric analysis showed that Mana-Hox induced the accumulation of cells at G2/M phase and a subsequent increase of hypodiploid phase (apoptosis). Moreover, Mana-Hox induced the up-regulation of cyclin B expression associated with the down-regulation of cyclin A levels, and stimulated a dramatic increase of MPM-2 expression, indicating a mitotic arrest of the cell cycle to Mana-Hox action. The in vitro tubulin turbidity assay and in vivo immunofluorescence examination showed that Mana-Hox inhibited the tubulin polymerization and the formation of mitotic spindle. The immunoblotting assays showed that Mana-Hox induced the phosphorylation (Ser70) and down-regulation of Bcl-2, phosphorylation of Bcl-xL and cleavage of Mcl-1, indicating the activation of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathways. Moreover, the activation of caspase-9 and -3, and the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase were induced by Mana-Hox. Interestingly, Mana-Hox caused the formation of abnormal nucleus in PC-3 cells with the characters of Bcl-2 down-regulation and cyclin B1 up-regulation suggesting the catastrophe cell death. In summary, it is suggested that Mana-Hox induces the anticancer effect through the tubulin de-polymerization and the activation of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathways. The data also provide the evidence for further development of the potential agent.