tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Isokinetic Gradient Sedimentation of Normal Human Bone Marrow Cells: A Simple Method for Isolation of Proliferative Granulocytic and Erythroid Elements2
Authors: Judith E. Karp, Cynthia C. Garvin, Philip J. Burke
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Proliferative granulocytes and erythroid precursors were isolated from cell suspensions of human normal bone marrow by sedimentation on an isokinetic gradient of continuous low-density Ficoll. A fivefold enrichment with a 70% recovery of the proliferative granulocyte cohort and of early erythroid elements was achieved, as determined by differential morphology and tritiated thymidine incorporation. Viability and in vitro proliferative capacity following gradient centrifugation remained intact. This method of cell separation, based on differences in cell diameter, affords a simple and rapid means for the purification of specific cell populations from heterologous human normal bone marrow.
Evaluation of quality of life in patients treated with resection and reconstruction of the upper or lower limb for bone sarcomas.
Authors: P. Ruggieri, M. Montalti, E. Pala, G. Guerra, T. Calabrò, A. Angelini, N. Fabbri, S. Ferrari, P. Picci, M. Mercuri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

10077 Background: Patients treated with limb salvage surgery for bone sarcomas of the extremities (upper and lower) may have physical disability as a result of treatment. Goal of this study was to evaluate the quality of life after treatment (chemotherapy and conservative surgery) at long term. Methods: 208 patients resected for a bone sarcoma and with prostetic reconstruction (45 in the upper and 163 in the lower limb) were evaluated. Assessments of results was done using the Karnofsky Scale (K.S.) (an attempt to measure the more “subjective” side of the outcome); this was obtained for each patient before and after treatment. Patients were followed in the clinic and functional results assessed according to the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) system. Moreover the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score questionnaire (TESS), a measure of physical disability, was mailed to 144 patients. Results: Before treatment 157 patients had a Karnofsky index between “50%” and “70%”, 96 patients between “0%” and “40%”. After treatment 94 patients had a Karnofsky index between “80%” and “100%”, 54 between “50%” and “70%”, and 34 below “40%”. Twentysix patients died with disease. For the upper limb MSTS system showed a mean value of 80%, with excellent or good results (MSTS score between 30 and 15) in 43 patients, fair or poor results (MSTS score between 14 and 0) in 2 patients. For the lower limb MSTS system showed a mean value of 76.6%, with excellent or good results in 145 patients (89%), fair or poor results in 18 patients (11%). Eighty-two patients sent back the TESS questionnaire. TESS was recorded an average of 3.7 years (upper limb) and 4.2 years (lower limb) after reconstruction. Mean TESS was similar in upper (75.3%) and lower (78.3%) limbs, but differed with age (patients older than 25 years did worse score). Conclusions: K.S. is a reliable for assessing quality of life of these patients. The 3 analyzed methods showed a good quality of life after treatment.The subjective view of K.S. and TESS is aligned with the MSTS results. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Asylum and chronically ill psychiatric patients
Authors: L L Bachrach
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

The decision to change the primary locus of care for chronically ill psychiatric patients from the state mental hospital to the community has often set off a chain reaction of consequences. Notably, reducing the role of institutions has frequently resulted in destroying needed sanctuary for some patients. The author discusses the relationship between deinstitutionalization and the function of asylum and examines the relevance of three planning principles--functional equivalence, cultural relevance, and potential trade-offs--to the need of chronically ill psychiatric patients for asylum.
Familial Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Kenneth L. Melmon, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

IN a small fraction of patients with pulmonary hypertension detailed clinical, hemodynamic and histologic examinations do not uncover a specific cause, and such patients are considered to suffer from primary pulmonary hypertension. Several observers have suggested that a familial form of this disease exists,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 and it is the purpose of this report to describe a kindred in which 5 members in three generations had primary pulmonary hypertension. The probable mechanism of genetic transmission is discussed, and the published evidence for the existence of familial pulmonary hypertension is reviewed.Clinical DescriptionsCase 1. R.H. (03–93–62), the propositus (Fig. 1, III-21), was . . .
Protecting pedestrians
Authors: J. Breen
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Education and debate p 1145 

Road crashes are the leading cause of death and hospital admission for people under the age of 45 years in the European Union. There are 40 000 road deaths a year, and the European Commission has recently set an ambitious target to reduce road deaths by 50% by 2010.1 But meeting this goal requires the European Union to perform better as a whole than any one member state has to date.

Few road safety measures are better researched than those for safer car fronts to protect pedestrians and cyclists2 (p 1145). This results from a 22 year old research and development programme coordinated by the European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee. The committee originally proposed car tests in 1991 and updated them in 1994 and 1998. 3 4 These tests are an integrated package of four tests for impacts to parts of the body that are injured most often. …
What Children Face From the Federal Budget
Authors: Heather McCallum Hahn, Julia B. Isaacs, C. Eugene Steuerle
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Letter to the editor: Importance of serum bactericidal activity for estimating the breadth of protection for new meningococcal vaccines
Authors: Annaliesa S Anderson, Joseph J Eiden, John L Perez, Paul Balmer, Laura J York, Kathrin U Jansen
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2016)

Preview this article: Letter to the editor: Importance of serum bactericidal activity for estimating the breadth of protection for new meningococcal vaccines, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/21/15/eurosurv-21-30191-8-1.gif
Colorectal cancer nutritional and quality-of-life parameters predict patients outcomes after radiotherapy: Long-term follow-up from a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: P. Ravasco, I. Monteiro Grillo, M. Camilo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

14570 Background: Long term data of our published randomized trial of nutritional therapy in colorectal cancer showed that nutritional counseling optimizes pts prognosis. This study aimed to search whether outcomes were affected by individual nutritional &amp; Quality of Life (QoL) parameters after nutrition intervention and radiotherapy (RT). Methods: Data were obtained from the trial pts’ records: G1 (n=37) on individualized nutritional counseling &amp; education (regular foods), G2 (n=37) ad lib+polymeric protein supplements &amp; G3 (n=37) ad lib intake. After RT, current intake (diet history), nutritional status (PG-SGA) &amp; QoL scores (EORTC) were evaluated; their ability to predict survival, disease outcome [loco regional recurrence (LRR), distant metastases] &amp; late RT toxicity (permanent flatulence, abdominal distension, diarrhea) were analyzed after a median follow-up of 3.7 (2.0–5.8) yrs. Results: Energy/protein intakes had decreased in G3 (p&lt;0.01) &amp; increased in G1&gt;G2, p=0.007; wasting only occurred in G3&gt;G2 (p&lt;0.05); QoL scores worsened in G3&gt;G2 (p&lt;0.05) yet improved in G1, p&lt;0.01. On multivariate analyzis of coded time-dependent variables: poorer diet intake, nutritional wasting &amp; worse QoL scores were associated with decreased survival (p&lt;0.002), LRR (p=0.01), distant metastases (p=0.005) &amp; late RT toxicity, p&lt;0.003. Landmark analysis showed that pts with nutritional intake/status &amp; QoL deterioration, had significantly lower survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 8.25; 95% CI 2.74–26.47; p&lt;0.001), worse disease outcome (HR: 8.15; 95% CI 2.22–25.40; p&lt;0.002) &amp; more severe late RT toxicity (HR: 7.15; 95% CI 2.25–16.11; p&lt;0.004). Conclusions: In colorectal cancer after RT, poor diet intake, wasting &amp; deteriorated QoL look as if significant predictors of survival, treatment response &amp; late RT toxicity; such patients are prone to a more aggressive clinical course. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Sand as a Foreign Body
Authors: N Petitti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Figure 1. A 30-year-old woman was trapped in a car that had flipped over and landed in a shallow lake with a sandy bottom. She was rescued and rushed to the emergency department, where computed tomographic (CT) scans were obtained. Several hyperdense collections (denser than bone) are apparent on the radiographic studies. The CT scan of the head shows sand in the right maxillary sinus (Panel A, arrow). The scan of the chest shows sand in the bronchial tree (Panel B, arrow), and the abdominal CT scan shows sand in the stomach (Panel C, arrow). After the placement of a . . .
Paroxetine for the Prevention of Depression Induced by High-Dose Interferon Alfa
Authors: Dominique L. Musselman, David H. Lawson, Jane F. Gumnick, Amita K. Manatunga, Suzanne Penna, Rebecca S. Goodkin, Kristen Greiner, Charles B. Nemeroff, Andrew H. Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Depression commonly complicates treatment with the cytokine interferon alfa-2b. Laboratory animals pretreated with antidepressants have less severe depression-like symptoms after the administration of a cytokine. We sought to determine whether a similar strategy would be effective in humans.
Pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of pegfilgrastim in dose-dense, sequential adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with breast cancer (BC)
Authors: Z. Atassi, V. Heilmann, N. Hauser, P. C. Hartmann, R. Kreienberg, C. Kurzeder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

13546 Background: BC Patients undergoing adjuvant dose dense chemotherapy suffer high risk of febrile neutropenia (FN) due to a shortened intertreatment interval. Primary administration of Pegfilgrastim is mandatory to avoid FN when increasing dose density. In this setting our objective was to determine pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of Pegfilgrastim. Methods: 22 female Patients with axillary metastatic BC were administered dose-dense chemotherapy, consisting of 3×4 sequential single drug cycles of epirubicin 90 mg/m2, paclitaxel 175 mg/m2, and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 was planned on a q15d schedule (similar to Citron et al. 2003). Pegfilgrastim was administered 24 hours after chemotherapy. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic studies were taken on day 8,10 and 12 of each cycle. Furthermore analysis of the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was carried out on day 1 and 8 of each cycle. Results: The mean pegfilgrastim serum level on day 1 of each cycle was 2,88 ng/ml (SD 6,19). On day 10 1,66 ng/ml (SD 2,11) and 0,51 ng/ml (SD 3,81) on day 12 of each cycle. Highest serum levels were recorded on day 8 of cycle 1(Mean value: 12,51 ng/ml on cycle 1. SD 20,07). The minimum value was observed on day 12 of cycle 5 (Mean value 0,47 ng/ml. SD 0,38). While receiving 3 different chemotherapy agents mean decrease of pegfilgrastim serumlevel was 3,56 ng/ml in cycle 1 - 4 (SD 1,21), 0,47 ng/ml in cycle 5 - 8 (SD 4,17), and 0,49 ng/ml in cycle 9 - 12 (SD 0,06). The mean increase of ANC as measured on each cycle was 3,74 x109 (SD 0,59). These data present different extensions in each chemotherapy agent administered whereas the mean ANC growth during cycle 1 - 4 is 0,30 (SD 0,43.), 7,21 in cycle 5 - 8 (SD 1,93) and 5,31 cycle 9 - 12 (SD 0,77). The minimum of mean ANC was 2,3×109 (SD 1,48). The maximum of mean ANC was 27,8×109 (SD 10,08). 4 Patients presented with a single CTC °3 neutropenia event while no case of FN was noted at any cycle. 9 events of bone pain > CTC°1 were noted. Conclusions: Pegfilgrastim appears to remain available by maintaining stable serum levels until day 12 with absent cumulative effects. Considering the low adverse event rate we would suggest that dose dense Chemotherapy with primary Pegfilgrastim prophylaxis is a safe option for high risk breast cancer patients. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Amgen
Evidence of a castration-mediated effect of adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy in premenopausal breast cancer.
Authors: H Brincker, C Rose, F Rank, H T Mouridsen, A Jakobsen, P Dombernowsky, J Panduro, K W Andersen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

This prospective randomized trial, conducted by the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, is the largest study, so far, of adjuvant chemotherapy in premenopausal breast cancer. The trial is unique in that it is nationwide and based on a nonselected population of patients, and is the only adjuvant trial studying the effect of cyclophosphamide monotherapy. After total mastectomy with axillary node sampling, followed by local radiotherapy, 1,032 pre- and perimenopausal women with operable breast cancer were randomized to observation alone, or to adjuvant chemotherapy for 1 year with either cyclophosphamide monotherapy or with a combination of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF). As of January 1987, median follow-up was 68 months. From early on both cyclophosphamide alone and CMF were found to improve recurrence-free survival (RFS) significantly and to a similar degree (P = .0001). However, an overall survival advantage did not become evident until 5 years after the start of treatment. So far, this advantage appears to be more pronounced in CMF (P = .0065) than in cyclophosphamide-only patients (P = .08). Thus, the study confirms the findings of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (NSABP) and Milan trials that adjuvant chemotherapy prolongs the survival of premenopausal women with early breast cancer. A retrospective analysis revealed that, in contrast with CMF, cyclophosphamide alone did not improve RFS significantly in subsets of patients without amenorrhea, with estrogen-receptor (ER) negative tumors, and with tumors of low histological differentiation. Assuming that cyclophosphamide alone is a less tumoricidal treatment than CMF, these findings suggest that the effect of adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy is mediated partly through chemical castration, and partly through a purely cytotoxic effect.
Sarcoid Arthritis with a Response to Colchicine
Authors: Herbert Kaplan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE action of colchicine in gout is so dramatic and so specific that it has been considered to be of diagnostic as well as therapeutic value in this disease. It has been generally accepted that colchicine is of no value in any other type of arthritis.1 , 2 I have recently seen 2 patients with sarcoidosis and arthritis whose joint symptoms have responded dramatically to a course of colchicine. The clinical picture of the arthritis and the absence of hyperuricemia suggested that the joint disease was not a coincidence of gout with sarcoidosis, but rather an example of the well recognized entity, . . .
Balancing Accelerated Approval for Drugs With Accelerated Withdrawal—Reply
Authors: Chul Kim, Vinay Prasad
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
S52 The effect of age on arterial oxygen content in patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs)
Authors: AF Rizvi, L Babawale, JMB Hughes, JE Jackson, CL Shovlin
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> It is recognised that age-associated changes in the chest wall and lung parenchyma lead to decreased efficiency of ventilation and gas exchange, resulting in reduced arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO<sub>2</sub>) and haemoglobin saturation (SaO<sub>2</sub>). The total oxygen content of arterial blood (CaO<sub>2</sub>) depends upon SaO<sub>2</sub>, as well as haemoglobin concentration. Our goal was to examine serial changes in arterial oxygen content with age in a cohort with hypoxaemia due to pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs). <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective longitudinal follow-up data was collected for 100 consecutive PAVM patients presenting to a tertiary care institutional clinic between 1984 and 2001, and reviewed until 2015. Subjects provided up to 30 (median 9) separate annual datasets. SaO<sub>2</sub> was measured by pulse oximetry in the supine and erect postures, and the mean SaO<sub>2</sub> was calculated after 7, 8, 9 and 10 min standing. Haematological and biochemical blood indices evaluated haemoglobin, haematinics, and iron indices. CaO<sub>2</sub> in mls of oxygen per dL (ml/dL) of blood was calculated using the equation: <i>[SaO<sub>2 </sub>(%) x haemoglobin (g/dL) X 1.34]/100. </i>Data were analysed using STATA IC v13.1. <h3>Results</h3> Age and PAVM-treatment associated changes in SaO<sub>2</sub> were mostly accompanied by opposing changes in haemoglobin levels that maintained the CaO<sub>2</sub>. Two major patterns were observed. The first was the expected increase in haemoglobin with lower SaO<sub>2</sub>, due to secondary erthyrocytosis and polycythaemia. The second, less well recognised, was an increase in SaO<sub>2</sub> when haemoglobin fell, most commonly when subjects developed iron deficiency and anaemia. Nevertheless, excluding participants with iron deficiency, CaO<sub>2</sub> decreased with age (Figure 1, r<sup>2</sup> = -0.0654; p &lt; 0.001, Figure 1). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The body maintains arterial oxygen content within a normal range using well-known erythropoeitic mechanisms in response to hypoxaemia. Despite this feedback mechanism, in patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, overall arterial oxygen content still decreases with age.
Case 24-2002
Authors: George T. Gallagher, Stephen Lyle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Presentation of CaseA 48-year-old man was admitted to the Ambulatory Disease Service of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary because of severe chronic oral lesions.For several years, the patient had taken ibuprofen because of pain in the back and knees. Sixteen months before admission, he stopped taking the ibuprofen before undergoing surgery for cervical disk disease. The procedure was followed by the development of left ulnar pain, for which he began taking oxycodone–acetaminophen. About three months later, swelling and erythema developed in the right leg. The soles of both feet became red and cracked, and the fingernails and . . .
A UGT1A1 genotype-guided dosing study of modified FOLFIRINOX (mFOLFIRINOX) in previously untreated patients (pts) with advanced gastrointestinal malignancies.
Authors: Manish Sharma, Daniel V.T. Catenacci, Theodore Karrison, Anubha Ganjoo, Kenisha Allen, Grace K. Suh, Brooke Elizabeth Phillips, Robert de Wilton Marsh, Mark Kozloff, Blase N. Polite, Hedy L. Kindler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

427 Background: FOLFIRINOX improves survival compared with gemcitabine in advanced pancreatic cancer (PC), but with significant toxicity (Conroy, NEJM 2011). UGT1A1 clears SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan (IRI); UGT1A1*28 polymorphism reduces enzymatic activity and predisposes to severe IRI toxicity. We hypothesized that dosing mFOLFIRINOX based on UGT1A1 genotype would improve tolerability. The primary objective of this study (NCT01643499) was to determine whether genotype-guided dosing of IRI in mFOLFIRINOX is tolerable. A secondary objective was to describe objective response rates (ORR) in PC and biliary tract cancers (BTC). Methods: mFOLFIRINOX was given every 14 days. CT scans were obtained every 8 weeks. UGT1A1 *1/*1, *1/*28, and *28/*28 pts received initial IRI doses of 180, 135, and 90 mg/m 2 , respectively. 5-FU dose was 2400 mg/m 2 over 46 hours (no bolus); leucovorin 400 mg/m 2 ; oxaliplatin 85 mg/m 2 . In cohort 1 (tolerability cohort by genotype), prophylactic pegfilgrastim was not allowed in cycle 1 (28 days) unless clinically indicated. In cohort 2 (expansion tolerability cohort in PC and BTC), prophylactic pegfilgrastim was given. DLT during cycle 1 was defined as Grade (Gr) 3/4 neutropenia with fever; Gr 4 neutropenia lasting ≥ 5 days; Gr 4 thrombocytopenia, or Gr 3/4 non-hematologic toxicity despite optimal medical management. Doses were tolerable if the DLT rate during cycle 1 was ≤ 33% with 70-80% statistical confidence. Results: In cohort 1, DLTs were observed in 2/15 (13%) *1/*1 pts; 2/16 (13%) *1/*28 pts; 3/9 (33%) *28/*28 pts. In cohort 2, DLTs were observed in 6/19 (32%) PC pts and 4/19 (21%) BTC pts. DLTs in cohort 1 (some pts with multiple): neutropenic fever (5); Gr 3 fatigue (4); Gr 3 diarrhea (2). DLTs in cohort 2: Gr 3 fatigue (3); Gr 3 diarrhea (3); Gr 3 nausea/vomiting (2); Gr 5 sepsis without neutropenia (1); Gr 5 multi-organ failure (1); neutropenic fever (1); Gr 3 anorexia (1). To date, ORR is 13/39 (33%) in PC and 6/28 (21%) in BTC. Conclusions: mFOLFIRINOX is not tolerable in PC and BTC, even with UGT1A1 genotype-guided dosing of IRI and prophylactic pegfilgrastim. More needs to be done to improve the tolerability of this regimen. Clinical trial information: NCT01643499.