tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Focus: Brussels EU makes a difference over AIDS
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The European Union is chary about getting involved in policy making in areas that will lay it open to accusations of meddling, and its officials are generally only too aware of where to draw the line. But this does not prevent the union from having an input into sensitive issues, where its contribution offers a mixture of ancillary bankroller, discrete disseminator of good practice and ideas, and an increasingly authoritative repository of unique pan-European data.

The three are clearly exemplified in the European Commission's most recent report on the union's contribution to the fight against AIDS, where it plays a supportive, behind the scenes, role.

Union funding on AIDS began in 1987–a few years after the first case was diagnosed in 1981–and by 1994-5, …
PWE-386 Development of perineal hernias following abdominoperineal excision for low rectal cancer
Authors: ES White, Kk-K Ho, NJ Smart, IR Daniels
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Previously, perineal herniation following abdominoperineal excision (APE) has been considered a rare complication affecting &lt;1% of cases,however, this rate is likely to increase with extra levator APE approach and lower mortality due to improved management of rectal cancer. This case series of patients aims to investigate whether a larger pelvic outlet is associated with development of perineal hernias. Secondary aims include investigating the association of gender and chemoradiotherapy with perineal herniation. <h3>Method</h3> Retrospective data on patients who underwent APE between May 2006 and October 2014 in a single UK institution were collected. Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computerised Tomography (CT) scans determined pelvic cavity dimensions and the presence of perineal herniation. Perineal hernias were defined as a defect containing bowel, uterus, bladder, vagina or omentum dropping below the pubococcygeal line. Consequently asymptomatic perineal hernias were included in this data. Perineal defects resolving naturally over time were not considered to be a hernia. Pelvic floor descent was measured from the pubococcygeal line to the lowest point of the descended material or matter. Data for gender and treatment with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) were extracted from patient notes. Data were tested for normality and appropriate t-tests used. <h3>Results</h3> Post-operative data were available for 63/73 patients, mean age 67 years (range 26–85), of which 67% were male. First postoperative scans presented 17/63 (27%) patients with a perineal hernia. Most recent scans showed 23/63 (37%) patients with a perineal hernia. No significant difference was found between post-operative pelvic outlet size and presence of a perineal hernia (9.8 v 10.3, P &lt; 0.2). No significant difference was found in the preoperative size of the pelvic outlet between females and males (9.2cm vs. 9.1cm, P &lt; 0.78). CRT was not associated with an increased risk of perineal herniation or increased pelvic floor descent. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our data suggest that the size of the pelvic outlet and gender could be less important than previously thought in development of a perineal hernia. It could be suggested that patients at risk of perineal herniation present early after surgery and that increased survival time does not necessarily increase the risk of developing a perineal hernia. This may be due to improved surgical technique and closure with porcine mesh. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Sex Differences in Functional and CT Angiography Testing in Patients With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Neha J. Pagidipati, Kshipra Hemal, Adrian Coles, Daniel B. Mark, Rowena J. Dolor, Patricia A. Pellikka, Udo Hoffmann, Sheldon E. Litwin, James Udelson, Melissa A. Daubert, Svati H. Shah, Beth Martinez, Kerry L. Lee, Pamela S. Douglas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Lack of Effectiveness of Neutropenic Diet and Social Restrictions as Anti-Infective Measures in Children With Acute Myeloid Leukemia: An Analysis of the AML-BFM 2004 Trial
Authors: Lars Tramsen, Emilia Salzmann-Manrique, Konrad Bochennek, Thomas Klingebiel, Dirk Reinhardt, Ursula Creutzig, Lillian Sung, Thomas Lehrnbecher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

Although nonpharmacologic anti-infective measures are widely used in children treated for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), there is little evidence of their effectiveness.We analyzed infectious complications in children during intensive treatment of AML according to the AML-BFM 2004 trial and surveyed sites on institutional standards regarding recommended restrictions of social contacts (six items), pets (five items), and food (eight items). A scoring system was developed with a restriction score for each item. Multivariable Poisson regression adjusted for sex, age, weight group, risk stratification, and prophylactic antibiotics was used to estimate the impact of the restrictions on the incidence ratios of fever of unknown origin, bacteremia, pneumonia, and gastroenteritis.Data on recommendations of nonpharmacologic anti-infective measures and infectious complications were available in 339 patients treated in 37 institutions. Analyses did not demonstrate a significant benefit of any of the restrictions regarding food, social contacts, and pets on the risk of fever, bacteremia, pneumonia, and gastroenteritis. In contrast, age, weight group, risk stratification, and nonabsorbable antibiotics had some influence on infections complications.The lack of effectiveness of dietary restrictions and restrictions regarding social contacts and pets should result in reconsideration of anti-infective policies.
Clinical Impact of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in a Patient With Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Marcelo A. Queiroz, Publio Viana, Allan Santos, Diogo Bastos, Elba Etchebehere, Giovanni Cerri
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

A 64-year-old man with history of prostate adenocarcinoma underwent radical prostatectomy in 2003. He remained with undetectable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels until 2014, when he then presented rising serum PSA levels and performed a 99mTc-MDP bone scan that was negative for metastases. In August 2015, his PSA was 4.89 ng/dL, and restaging images with pelvic MR and 18F-FDG PET/CT were both negative. Therefore, the patient underwent a 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT that showed marked tracer uptake in a single mediastinal lymph node. Histopathology demonstrated metastatic adenocarcinoma secondary to prostate cancer, altering patient management to hormone therapy instead of pelvic radiotherapy.
Illustrious psychiatric administrators
Authors: M Greenblatt, S O Rose
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

The authors found several common themes in intensive interviews with 20 prominent psychiatric administrators. The decision to go into administrative work resulted from strong interest in public service, frustration in other roles, and/or situational factors. Administration was learned by doing and by interaction with colleagues in the field or other knowledgeable individuals. The job of administrator is often perceived as stressful, but it offers rewards such as increased autonomy, opportunities for self-growth, prestige, and the potential for a broader contribution to mental health.
SP0202 Haemophilia and Joint Diseases
Authors: E.P. Mauser-Bunschoten
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Haemophilia is an X linked inherited disease characterised by a deficiency in factor VIII (haemophilia A) or IX (haemophilia B) leading to impaired secondary haemostasis. Bleeds are mainly located into the synovial joints especially knee (45%), elbow (30) end ankles (15%). Repeated bleeds lead to the development of a target joint. Infusion of concentrated FVIII/IX stops a bleed and when given as prophylaxis prevents joint bleeds. <h3>Pathogenesis of joint damage in haemophilia</h3> Synovial bleeding leads to changes of the synovial tissue and cartilage. This process is even more stimulated by hemosiderin, which accumulates in synovial tissue thus stimulating the production of pro-inflamatory cytokines. In addition iron has a proliferative effect on synoviocytes. Blood has a direct destructive effect on cartilage as well, it leads to apoptosis of chondrocytes. And eventually to cartilage degeneration and ultimately joint destruction. Recurrent joint bleeds lead to enlargement of epiphysis, osteoporosis, subchondral cysts, erosion and osteophyte formation which is progressive. <h3>Clinical signs</h3> Unlike rheumatoid arthritis inflammation and damage is restricted to the bleeding joint. Bleeding causes pain, restriction in range of motion (ROM) and swelling. When treated in an early stage damage will be limited. Prophylaxis with clotting factor prevents bleeds, synovitis and in the end arthropathy. After a bleed rehabilitation to restore joint function, muscle strength and propriocepsis are important to help to prevent repeated bleeds and synovitis. Synovitis is a painless swelling, in combination with muscle waste leading to instability of the joint, which increases the risk of repeated bleeds. Most of the time there is no limitation in ROM. In case of acute synovitis (&lt;12weeks) therapy exists of daily prophylaxis in combination with active functional physical therapy. Weight baring should be avoided and supportive measures to stabilize the joint are indicated. NSAIDs should be avoided because of the underlying increased bleeding tendency. In case of chronic synovitis synovectomy or synoviorthesis is indicated. Patients with haemophilic arthropathy complain of pain after weight bearing or after rest, morning stiffness and limitation of ROM with increasing disability and impaired quality of life. Therapy exists of adequate pain killing, supportive functional physical therapy and adaptations. When pain persists there is an indication for orthopedic interventions. Orthopedic intervention is followed by an extended rehabilitation program. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Case 18-1981
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Denise J. Strieder, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Presentation of CaseA 37-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of hemoptysis and a pulmonary infiltrate.He was well until two months earlier, when symptoms of a respiratory-tract infection developed, accompanied by hemoptysis. An x-ray film of the chest, obtained at another hospital, showed an infiltrate in the left lower lobe. A diagnosis of pneumonia was made, and erythromycin was administered. During the next few weeks the patient had a mild chronic cough productive of minimal amounts of sputum. One month before admission hemoptysis recurred, and he became fatigued. Another x-ray film of the chest was unchanged. The . . .
High-dose melphalan is not associated with extramedullary relapses in high-risk multiple myeloma.
Authors: P Moreau, R Bataille, B Mahé, N Milpied, J L Harousseau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1993.11.9.1832 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 8355050 High-dose melphalan is not associated with extramedullary relapses in high-risk multiple myeloma. P MoreauxP MoreauSearch for articles by this author , R BataillexR BatailleSearch for articles by this author , B MahéxB MahéSearch for articles by this author , N MilpiedxN MilpiedSearch for articles by this author , J L HarousseauxJ L HarousseauSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1993.11.9.1832 PDF "High-dose melphalan is not associated with extramedullary relapses in high-risk multiple myeloma.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 11(9), p. 1832© 1993 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Author Correction
Authors: Roland Buhl, François Maltais, Roger Abrahams, Leif Bjermer, Eric Derom, Gary Ferguson, Matjaž Fležar, Jacques Hébert, Lorcan McGarvey, Emilio Pizzichini, Jim Reid, Antony Veale, Lars Grönke, Alan Hamilton, Lawrence Korducki, Kay Tetzlaff, Stella Waitere-Wijker, Henrik Watz, Eric Bateman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

“Tiotropium and olodaterol fixed-dose combination versus mono-components in COPD (GOLD 2–4).” Roland Buhl, Francois Maltais, Roger Abrahams, Leif Bjermer, Eric Derom, Gary Ferguson, Matjaž Fležar, Jacques Hebert, Lorcan McGarvey, Emilio Pizzichini, Jim Reid, Antony Veale, Lars Gronke, Alan Hamilton, Lawrence Korducki, Kay Tetzlaff, Stella Waitere-Wijker, Henrik Watz and Eric Bateman. Eur Respir J 2015; 45: 969–979.
Brief Report: Menopause and Primary Ovarian Insufficiency in Women Treated for Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitides
Authors: Janneke Tuin, Jan‐Stephan F. Sanders, André P. van Beek, Annemieke Hoek, Coen A. Stegeman
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

One of the side effects of cyclophosphamide is earlier menopause and primary ovarian insufficiency. This study was undertaken to investigate the onset of menopause and the incidence of primary ovarian insufficiency in women with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV), especially after treatment with orally administered cyclophosphamide.We retrospectively studied the onset of menopause and the influence of cyclophosphamide in women diagnosed as having AAV in our center between 1970 and 2012.Ninety-four premenopausal women diagnosed as having AAV were included. Sixty-seven patients received cyclophosphamide, and 27 received other, mostly immunosuppressive, medication. Forty-six cyclophosphamide-treated women developed menopause, 22 of whom were considered to have primary ovarian insufficiency. None of the patients who were not treated with cyclophosphamide developed primary ovarian insufficiency. There was a significant association between a cumulative cyclophosphamide dose of >16.6 gm, versus a cumulative dose of <16.6 gm, and menopause (χ(2) = 8.72, P = 0.003; odds ratio [OR] 2.60 [95% confidence interval 1.38-4.90]). In addition, there was a significant association between a cumulative cyclophosphamide dose of <16.6 gm, versus no cyclophosphamide exposure, and menopause (χ(2) = 16.37, P < 0.001; OR 7.32 [95% confidence interval 2.79-19.20]). Both women who received cyclophosphamide and those who did not experienced involuntary childlessness.Earlier menopause and primary ovarian insufficiency frequently develop after oral cyclophosphamide therapy in premenopausal women with AAV. Involuntary childlessness is common after the development of primary ovarian insufficiency, but it also occurs in women not treated with cyclophosphamide. These findings emphasize the importance of the use of drugs that are not toxic to gonadal function in women of childbearing age.
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: association with KS and persistence in patients receiving anti-herpesvirus drugs
Authors: RW Humphrey, TR O'Brien, FM Newcomb, H Nishihara, KM Wyvill, GA Ramos, MW Saville, JJ Goedert, SE Straus, R Yarchoan
Journal: Blood (1996)
STUDIES IN ELECTRONARCOSIS THERAPY
Authors: KARL M. BOWMAN, ALEXANDER SIMON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1948)

1. Electronarcosis has been administered to a group of 53 mentally ill persons. The results of follow-up studies one month after treatment was completed may be summarized as follows: 37 cases of schizophrenia were treated, 7 recovered; 9 cases of psychoneurosis were treated, none recovered; 7 cases of manic-depressive psychosis were treated, 2 recovered. However, if one includes only cases that received 7 or more treatments, the results one month after treatment would read as follows: 31 cases of schizophrenia were treated, 5 recovered; 5 cases of psychoneurosis were treated, none recovered; 4 cases of manic-depressive psychosis were treated, 1 recovered. 2. Of the 5 schizophrenic patients who received 7 or more treatments and recovered, improvement was noted at some time between the second to seventh treatment. 3. It is our impression that electronarcosis is of no value in the treatment of psychoneurotics, is certainly no better than electroshock in treating the manic-depressive psychoses, and is equal to electroshock in the treatment of schizophrenia. Our series are too small for any definite conclusions to be drawn, and the above estimation of the value of electronarcosis therapy is subject to revision after we have treated a larger series of cases. 4. Fractures of the spine occurred in 15 of the 53 patients treated, amounting to 28.3% of the cases. This percentage can be greatly reduced by the use of sodium amytal or by the new Glissando technique recently developed by Tietz. 5. Because of the extreme rise in blood pressure that occurs during treatment, electronarcosis should not be used on patients with hypertension or cardiac disease. 6. Electronarcosis is a more dangerous treatment than electroshock and is less simple to administer.
SAT0163 Risk of Malignancy and Severe Infection in a Population of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with Biologics or DMARDS
Authors: Q. Gilliaux, M. Stoenoiu, L. Meric de Bellefon, G. Depresseux, A. Nzeusseu Toukap, B. Lauwerys, F. Houssiau, P. Durez
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory disease with joint destruction and permanent disability. Biologic agents offer a better outcome when disease is not adequately controlled by DMARDs. Nevertheless, many concerns still exist about the safety of biologics compared to classical DMARDs treatment. <h3>Objectives</h3> The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that adverse events (AEs), including severe infections and malignancies, are more common in patients receiving biologics than in those treated with DMARDs. <h3>Methods</h3> This study included data from 1143 patients followed in our outpatient academic clinic for whom each severe infection and malignancy was identified. Relative risks were then calculated by comparing the rates of these events. Sub-categories of adverse events were created to clarify what type of infection and/or cancer were observed. Finally, an estimate of survival by Kaplan-Meier method was calculated for these two major adverse events. The experimental group, including patients who were treated with biological agent at any time and the control group, patients who have never taken any biological agent, were compared across these survival curves. <h3>Results</h3> We included 1143 patients (74% female, mean age of 51.3 (14.2) years, 75% treated with corticosteroids and 7% with diabetes), 604 (53%) were exposed to biologics and 539 (47%) controls. There were 226 severe infection in the biological group with an IR of 4.89 events/100 patient years (IRR=2.1 95% CI 1.7 to 2.5) as compared with 168 and 2.35 events/100 PY with DMARDs only. In the biological group, increase risk was observed for skin, musculoskeletal, pulmonary, urinary, mycobacterial and herpes zoster infection. The relative risk associated with the use of biological agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis for the development of malignancy was 1.0 (confidence interval 95%: 0.7-1.4) without any significant differences among type of cancer. Survival rates are presented in the figure. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study showed a significant increase in the incidence of severe infections in patients exposed to bioiogical agent. During a mean follow-up of 11 years, no significant risk to develop a cancer was observed. Further longterm observation of severe infection and malignancy in severe RA patients treated with biologics are still needed. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Arterial Baroreceptor Activity in Rabbits with Experimental Atherosclerosis
Authors: JENNIFER E. ANGELL-JAMES
Journal: Circulation Research (1974)

A total of 16 rabbits developed atherosclerosis after receiving a diet containing 1% cholesterol and 6% sunflower seed oil for up to 67 weeks. Their mean blood pressure rose from 85 to 114 mm Hg. The aortic arch region was isolated and perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution, and the impulse activity of 70 single aortic and 8 right subclavian baroreceptor fibers was studied during step increases and decreases in perfusion pressure. The threshold pressure of the aortic baroreceptor fibers from the atherosclerotic rabbits was only slightly higher ( P &gt; 0.4) than that of 29 fibers from 17 normal rabbits, but the impulse frequency was less ( P &lt; 0.02). The gradient of the impulse frequency-pressure curves (0.73 impulses/sec mm Hg -1 ), was significantly lower ( P &lt; 0.01) than normal (1.19 impulses/sec mm Hg -1 ), as was the gradient of the curves from the right subclavian baroreceptor region. The curves resulting from first increasing and then decreasing the perfusion pressure were more separated in the atherosclerotic rabbits than they were in the normal rabbits. There was a correlation between the amount of the reduction in the sensitivity of the aortic baroreceptors and the length of time the rabbits had been on the lipemic diet ( r = 0.96). The changes in the baroreceptor activity were associated with a reduction in the distensibility of the perfused area and with histological lesions in the baroreceptors and the arterial walls. The mild hypertension in the atherosclerotic rabbits could partly be accounted for by the reduction in aortic baroreceptor activity. Similar mechanisms might contribute to blood pressure anomalies in humans with atherosclerosis.
The First AMA International Conference on Health, Tel Aviv
Authors: S Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1972)

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Extra five years of aromatase inhibitors increases disease-free survival in breast cancer
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Extending use of adjuvant aromatase inhibitors from five to 10 years in women treated for primary breast cancer significantly increases rates of disease-free survival and the risk of cancer occurring in the other breast, a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine shows.1 However, extended use of the drugs was not found to affect overall survival.

The study included 1918 postmenopausal women who had had primary breast cancer and had received 4.5 to 6 years of adjuvant therapy with an aromatase inhibitor, preceded in most cases by tamoxifen, and who were now disease free. Within two years of completing treatment with …