tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Presence of human non-polio enterovirus and parechovirus genotypes in an Amsterdam hospital in 2007 to 2011 compared to national and international published surveillance data: a comprehensive review
Authors: V A Janes, R Minnaar, G Koen, H van Eijk, K Dijkman-de Haan, D Pajkrt, K C Wolthers, K S Benschop
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Enteroviruses (EV) and human parechoviruses (HPeV) are endemic worldwide. These infections are a constant cause of hospitalisation and severe disease, predominantly in young children and infants. Coordinated monitoring and surveillance are crucial to control these infections. We have monitored EV and HPeV epidemiology in Amsterdam from 2007 to 2011 with real-time RT-PCR and direct genotyping, facilitating highly sensitive surveillance. Moreover, we conducted a literature survey of existing surveillance data for comparison. Only 14 studies were identified. While HPeV1 was most frequently detected in Amsterdam, EV-B viruses dominated nationally and internationally. Furthermore, the top 10 strains detected differed yearly and per study. However, detection and typing methods were too varied to allow direct comparison and comprehension of the worldwide distribution and circulation patterns of the different genotypes. This limited a direct response to anticipate peaks. Uniform European monitoring programmes are essential to aid prediction of outbreaks and disease management.
Abstract 3549: RUNX3 is a biomarker for determining sensitivity to pheophorbide a-photodynamic therapy in human oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Authors: Sook Moon, Jung Yoon Bae, Doo Young Lee, Gyeong Ju Park, Hyun Yoo, Hyo jin Ko, Yong Chul Kim, Jin Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background &amp; Objective: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with photosensitizer is one of the promising modalities for cancer treatment. For clinical use of PDT, the screening process for sensitive cancers to PDT should be preceded. For this, we investigated a molecular biomarker to determine the sensitivity to Pa-PDT in immortalized human oral keratinocytes (IHOK) and OSCC cell lines. Methods: For this study, two immortalized oral keratinocytes (IHOK-p, IHOK-s) and 8 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines were used. After cells were treated with Pa-PDT, phototoxicity and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured. Apoptosis was measured using annexin V/PI staining and western blotting. mRNA and proteins of apoptotic genes were investigated by RT-PCR, real-time PCR, and western blotting. Transfection was performed using RUNX3-small interfering RNA. Results: After Pa-PDT, cell viability was more than 50% reduced and ROS generated in IHOK and OSCC. In addition, apoptosis occurred in all cell lines. Among apoptosis-related genes, Bim expression was altered following Pa-PDT. Therefore, mRNA and protein expression of RUNX3, a gene upstream of Bim were examined by Pa-PDT. We found that RUNX3 was highly responsive to Pa-PDT. Furthermore, knockdown of RUNX3 expression reduced cytotoxicity by Pa-PDT. In addition, we found that the cytotoxicity by Pa-PDT was proportional to RUNX3 expression in OSCC cell lines. Conclusion: This is the first study to find a new target molecule that enhances Pa-PDT effects in IHOK and OSCC cell lines. These results should be further proven by animal studies to apply to clinical trials. Nevertheless, the development of a PDT-dependent biomarker could provide a novel approach to improve the effects of PDT in oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. Acknowledgments This study was supported by a grant of the Korean Health Technology R&amp;D Project, Ministry for Health, Welfare &amp; Family Affairs, Republic of Korea (No. A100490). Citation Format: Sook Moon, Jung Yoon Bae, Doo Young Lee, Gyeong Ju Park, Hyun Yoo, Hyo jin Ko, Yong Chul Kim, Jin Kim. RUNX3 is a biomarker for determining sensitivity to pheophorbide a-photodynamic therapy in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3549. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3549
The historical and philosophical origins of normativism
Authors: Catarina Dutilh Novaes
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Elqayam &amp; Evans' (E&amp;E's) critique of normativism is related to an inherently philosophical question: Is thinking a normative affair? Should thinking be held accountable towards certain norms? I present the historical and philosophical origins of the view that thinking belongs to the realm of normativity and has a tight connection with logic, stressing the pivotal role of Kant in these developments.
P03 * ASSOCIATION OF SHELTENS SCALE AND SURVIVAL IN GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS
Authors: G. J. Naylor, A. D. Murray, A. J. Chalmers
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating condition with limited treatment options. Patients with poor performance status often receive hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT) and are at risk of severe toxicity. Sheltens Scale is a semiquantitative method of assessing white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on T2 weighted brain MRIs. WMH have been associated with increased risk of stroke, dementia and death.We hypothesised that a high Scheltens score would indicate a vulnerable brain and predict increased toxicity from RT and could be used to select patients for RT or alternative treatments. METHOD: In this pilot study we retrospectively identified 24 patients with confirmed GBM who received hypofractionated RT between 2007-2013. Pre-RT MRI scans were assessed using modified Scheltens Scale (rating the contralateral hemisphere). In the absence of accurate toxicity data, scores were correlated with overall survival. RESULTS: Age ranged from 50-77 (median 73). Sheltens scores ranged from 6-25 (median 17) and median survival was 26 weeks. There was a trend towards reduced survival with higher Scheltens score but this was not significant (r = -0.148, p = 0.489). The trend persisted for individual brain regions and after stratification by MGMT methylation status. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated the feasibility of measuring Sheltens Scale in GBM patients receiving short course RT. The study was limited by small numbers and the use of survival as a surrogate of toxicity. We propose a prospective study comparing Scheltens scores with acute and late RT toxicities in this vulnerable population.
Reply to Mavrogenis et al.
Authors: D. Schembre
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

We appreciate the comments of Dr Mavrogenis and colleagues regarding the use of transillumination during rendezvous endoscopy for stenotic or obliterated esophageal lumens. We agree that this is a useful technique when trying to localize an endoscope in a closely adjacent lumen. We attempted transillumination in all of our cases of esophageal obstruction, but in three cases we were unable to visualize or at least localize the light from the adjacent endoscope. This may have been a result of the dense tissues and poor pliability of the irradiated tissues in the proximal esophagus but more likely was simply a function of the distance between the two lumens. We have had greater success with transillumination when by-passing colonic obstructions with a de-novo colorectal puncture and anastomosis, where the relatively thin colon walls can be manipulated and closely approximated. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has been proposed as another technique for creating transluminal anastomoses [1], but even an end-viewing EUS device would be difficult to utilize in the obstructed esophagus. One wonders if a narrow, intense, red-spectrum light might provide better localization in thicker, denser tissues.
S103 Neutrophil trans-epithelial migration in cystic fibrosis airways
Authors: C Rebeyrol, JC Porter
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background </h3> Lung injury in cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by recurrent airway infection and inflammation partially due to the massive infiltration of neutrophils in airways. The processes regulating neutrophil migration across the bronchial and the alveolar epithelia are poorly understood especially in CF. The aim of this study is to analyse the adhesion molecules expressed by neutrophils and epithelial cells during the neutrophil trans-epithelial migration through the bronchial epithelium. We have already shown that ICAM-2, previously thought to be present only on endothelial cells, is also expressed on the bronchial epithelium and plays a key role in T cell migration<sup>1</sup>. <h3>Objectives </h3> We investigated whether ICAM-2 regulates neutrophil trans-epithelial migration through the bronchial barrier. <h3>Methods</h3> We have used human bronchial epithelial cell lines and primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) from non CF and CF patients, at baseline and on TNF-α exposure for 24h. <h3>Results</h3> We have shown a constitutive expression of ICAM-2 at the basal side of the primary HBECs grown at air-liquid interface for 21 days. A significant 4-fold increase in ICAM-2 mRNA expression was observed 24h after TNF-α treatment in non CF cell line and primary HBECs. Moreover, from confocal microscopy and immunoblots, we have found that ICAM-2 protein expression is statistically up-regulated 24h after TNF-α treatment. We have performed the same experiments in non CF and CF paraffin embedded lung sections and we demonstrated a significant increase in ICAM-2 expression in CF. It has previously been pointed out that in CF cells there is actin disorganisation and disruption of the tight junctions leading to an increase in the neutrophil migration<sup>2</sup>. Our preliminary data showed that interaction neutrophil-epithelium provokes an actin remodelling that we can avoid using an ICAM-2 blocking antibody prior the contact with neutrophils. <h3>Conclusions</h3> ICAM-2 mRNA and protein levels are higher in CF lung sections and in non CF cells treated with TNF-α than in controls. Understanding the interactions neutrophil-epithelium in CF could prevent neutrophil accumulation in airways and attenuate lung injury. <h3>References</h3> Porter &amp; Hall, <i>FASEB J</i>., 2009 Castellani <i>et al.</i>, <i>Lab Invest</i>., 2012
Lond Island Breast Cancer Studies Move Forward
Authors: C. Wittenburg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Lond Island Breast Cancer Studies Move Forward Get access Clarissa Wittenburg Clarissa Wittenburg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 20, 19 October 1994, Pages 1501–1503, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.20.1501 Published: 19 October 1994
SP0129 Large vessel imaging in vasculitis: Prospects and limitations
Authors: D.E. Blockmans
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

The large vessel vasculitides (LVV) include giant cell arteritis (GCA), which is frequently associated with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), Takayasu arteritis (TA) and chronic periaortitis (CP), an IgG4-related disease. In patients with GCA that involves the temporal arteries, performing a temporal artery biopsy will frequently demonstrate vasculitis. In the large thoracic vessel variant of GCA however, in TA and in CP, bioptic proof of vasculitis is hard to obtain, and we have to rely on imaging technologies to disclose vasculitis. In this presentation, the use of ultrasound imaging, CT-scanning, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) in LVV will all be discussed, with major emphasis on the last modality. In patients with clinical pictures suggestive for GCA or TA, finding clearly increased FDG-uptake in the aortic wall and/or in the subclavian, carotid and/or axillary arteries, is almost diagnostic for these disorders. Patients with isolated PMR have increased FDG-uptake in the shoulders and hips, and half of them also in the processi spinosi of the cervical and lumbar spine. In patients with CP, intense FDG-uptake surrounding the abdominal and thoracic aortic wall can be found. In general, FDG-accumulations in LVV will decrease and eventually disappear during steroid treatment, although in some patients it may persist, probably due to vascular remodeling. There is no relation between the intensity of FDG-uptake and the probability of a future relapse. Other limitations of this technique are the fact that the temporal arteries themselves cannot be visualized - and hence PET scintigraphy will be negative in purely cranial forms of GCA – and that false positive vascular FDG-accumulation may also be caused by atherosclerosis, especially at the level of the iliac and femoral arteries. We are awaiting the results of a prospective study on PET and MRI in TA patients, while preliminary retrospective data that aortic FDG-uptake in the acute phase of GCA may be predictive for later aortic dilatation, need confirmation from a recently started prospective study. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract P4-14-14: Phyllodes tumour of the breast: A retrospective analysis of 87 cases
Authors: HS Walter, F Esmail, J Krupa, SI Ahmed
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Phyllodes tumour is a rare fibroepithelial tumour of the breast that accounts for only 0.5% of all breast neoplasms. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the case notes of all patients with phyllodes tumour treated between 1987–2010. Clinical data was analysed with respect to pathological and treatment outcome data. Results: Between 1987–2010, 87 patients were treated for tumours, histologically classified as benign (60), borderline (10) and malignant (17). Median age at presentation was 55 years for patients with malignant phyllodes, 45 years for benign phyllodes and 48 years for patients with borderline tumours. Primary surgery for patients with benign or borderline phyllodes in 68 cases was breast conserving with 2 patients undergoing mastectomy. Of those with malignant phyllodes, primary surgery for 6 patients was mastectomy and 11 patients had breast conserving surgery. 2 patients with malignant phyllodes received adjuvant radiotherapy, to the chest wall for recurrence following mastectomy in one patient and following local excision in the other patient. 2 patients with malignant phyllodes proceeded to axillary surgery, with no involvement of lymph nodes. 6 patients (8.6 %) with benign disease and 4 (23.5 %) with malignant phyllodes had a local recurrence. Of those with malignant phyllodes who had a recurrence, 2 had systemic metastases and all had had a local excision at presentation. Median time to development of metastatic disease from initial presentation was 2.5 years. 1 patient received 1 cycle of palliative doxorubicin but progressed through treatment. Relapse free survival to date for patients with benign, borderline and malignant phyllodes was 91.7 %, 90 % and 70.6 % respectively. Conclusion: Phyllodes tumours form a heterogenous group with a spectrum of behaviour in terms of risk of local recurrence and metastases. From this series, malignant phyllodes have a higher recurrence rate than benign and borderline tumours. Local excision in this group was associated with a 36.4 % local failure rate and 18.2 % risk of systemic metastasis. Treatment for malignant phyllodes should be individually based, but the greater risk of relapse both locally and systemically, should be taken into consideration and the options of mastectomy or oncoplastic techniques considered. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-14-14.
Extrahepatic bile duct duplication complicated by choledocholithiasis
Authors: Jay Song, Sung Kim, Tae Kim, Kook Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

A 77-year-old woman attended our hospital with a 10-day history of epigastric and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Her past medical history included diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and she had undergone open cholecystectomy for gallstones 10 years previously. Physical examination revealed tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Laboratory findings were as follows: white blood cell count 4802/μL, total bilirubin 0.58 mg/dL, γ-glutamyltransferase 17 IU/L, and alkaline phosphatase 207 IU/L. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed multiple stones with diffuse dilatation of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tree ([Fig. 1]). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed a markedly dilated extrahepatic bile duct with multiple bile duct stones ([Fig. 2]). After endoscopic sphincterotomy followed by endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation, bile duct stones were removed using a Dormia basket and retrieval balloon, after which endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage was placed. At 3 months after discharge, the patient returned to our emergency department with fever and abdominal pain. Abdominal CT on this occasion showed a multiseptated, low-density lesion in the right lobe of the liver, about 6 cm in size, suggestive of abscess formation, and stone remnants in the biliary tree ([Fig. 3]). Percutaneous drainage of the hepatic abscess was performed. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed extrahepatic bile duct duplication with choledocholithiasis. ERCP confirmed the bile duct duplication complicated by common bile duct stones, and the stone remnants in the right extrahepatic bile duct were removed ([Fig. 4]).
MS-23 * IMPROVING FORWARD INFUSION PRESSURE IN VASCULAR BRAIN TUMORS USING A DOUBLE CATHETER AND COIL TECHNIQUE
Authors: S. Singel, S. Hicks, A. Dawson, E. Fonkem, P. Noonan
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Intra-arterial infusion into vascular brain tumors can be difficult due to high intraluminal back pressures. We developed a double catheter and coil technique to improve forward penetration while minimizing backflow. METHODS: Patients undergoing preoperative embolization underwent angiographic evaluation of the tumor vascularity. The embolic agent N-Butyl-Cyanoacrylate (NBCA) was chosen to achieve obliteration of the vascular bed. An occlusive micro-catheter was placed at the orifice of the principal feeding artery. A second, coaxial, microcatheter was advanced into the tumor supply vessel. A coil was then deployed proximally through the first catheter to create a buttress for the NBCA and to effectively prevent any backflow of embolization agent. RESULTS: Backflow into the access vessel was prevented in all cases. Sufficient anterograde pressure gradients were maintained to achieve penetration of NBCA into the entire tumor. Post-procedural angiogram did not reveal any vessel truncations, distal embolization or residual tumor staining. CONCLUSIONS: Sufficient anterograde tumor penetration with NBCA can be achieved using a double catheter and proximal coil strategy. This technique may prove useful to infuse tumors with high viscosity therapeutics.
2-[Fluorine-18] Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose PET Scan of the Brain in Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Authors: M al-Essa, K al-Hussein, P T Ozand
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG PET) and MRI brain scans revealed bilateral basal ganglia, thalami, and brain-stem involvement in a 6-year-old girl with maple syrup urine disease, an autosomal-recessive disorder caused by the deficiency of branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase. She had acute metabolic decompensation as a neonate and later showed a slowly progressive encephalopathic course. The F-18 FDG PET study showed functional changes that were more extensive than the structural abnormalities shown by MRI and proved to be more sensitive and accurate in delineating the areas involved and better correlated with the patient's clinical course.
Neoadjuvant Downsizing by Internal Radiation
Authors: Samer Ezziddin, Holger Lauschke, Michael Schaefers, Carsten Meyer, Martijn van Essen, Hans-Jürgen Biersack, Dik J. Kwekkeboom, Hojjat Ahmadzadehfar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

A patient with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma and liver metastases underwent explorative laparotomy, which demonstrated local infiltration of the mesenteric root and superior mesenteric vein congestion. After 3 courses of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with Lu-177-DOTA-octreotate, there was significant downsizing with partial response. A Whipple procedure was than successfully performed. No intra- or postoperative impairments to surgery or healing related to PRRT were noted. Histopathology and postoperative imaging confirmed R0 resection. The patient has been in complete local remission for 22 months. This case demonstrates the potential of preoperative PRRT to improve resectability of initially inoperable pancreatic endocrine tumors.
Endoscopic retrieval of a proximally migrated biliary plastic stent using a guidewire loop technique
Authors: Jyong-Hong Lee, Sheng-Lei Yan, Chien-Hua Chen, Yung-Hsiang Yeh, Shing-Kao Yueh
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Endoscopic biliary stent placement is a well-established technique for various indications including biliary drainage. However, it has been shown that approximately 5 % of plastic stents placed in the biliary tract migrate proximally [1]. Endoscopic retrieval of proximally migrated biliary stents is technically challenging and occasionally unsuccessful. Several techniques for retrieving proximally migrated plastic stent have been reported [2] [3]. We report a novel technique of retrieving a proximally migrated biliary stent using a guidewire loop technique.
Octreotide Imaging Plus Bone Scintigrams To Optimally Localize Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: ALEXANDRA LE DUC-PENNEC, CHRISTOPHE THOL, MARIE CAVAREC, CATHERINE LE REST, ALEXANDRE TURZO, PHILIPPE GUILLO, YVES BIZAIS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

In-111 pentetreotide (Octreotide) is highly sensitive for detecting gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and their metastases. However, a lack of landmarks makes it difficult to localize them anatomically. To overcome this difficulty, the authors simultaneously obtained Octreotide and bone tomoscintigrams, in addition to standard planar images. They used a bicolor scale to display pairs of scintigrams to easily identify the distribution of both tracers.Twenty-one hours after Octreotide injection, Tc-99m MDP was also administered to the patients. Three hours later, dual-energy planar and tomographic data were acquired simultaneously. The latter were reconstructed using a filtered back-projection algorithm using a Metz filter. Both sets of data were displayed simultaneously using a bicolor scale, such that Octreotide data appear in green and bone data in red.Planar, tomographic, and three-dimensional data were obtained. With this approach, foci of abnormal uptake are localized more precisely. Hard data can be transmitted easily to referring physicians, who appreciate this compact and efficient means to locate foci of abnormal uptake, especially during surgery planning. However, this method is not well suited to the visualization of small lesions with low Octreotide uptake because the intensity range is drastically reduced. Such lesions are better seen on Octreotide planar images and standard tomoscintigrams.This approach, which involves only standard image processing, provides landmarks to easily localize significant Octreotide uptake. It can be implemented readily in most nuclear medicine workstations. It complements but does not replace the usual method to display Octreotide data.