tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 167: Identification of differentially methylated genes in normal prostate tissues from African American and Caucasian men
Authors: Bernard Kwabi-Addo, Songping Wang, Norman H. Lee, Marcos R. Estecio, Jaroslav Jelinek, Woonbok Chung, Michael M. Ittmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract BACKGROUND. Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignancy and a leading cause of cancer deaths among men in the United States. African American men have both a higher incidence and significantly higher mortality rates than Caucasian men. Abundant evidence has accumulated to suggest that epigenetic DNA methylation changes may appear earlier during PCa development than genetic changes, as well as more commonly and consistently. Most studies have emphasized DNA hypermethylation as an important mechanism for inactivation of key regulatory genes in prostate cancers. Thus methylated genes can serve as biomarkers for the detection of cancer from clinical specimens such as tissue biopsies or body fluids. However, very few studies have investigated differences in DNA methylation pattern in different ethnic groups or their application as ethnic sensitive biomarkers for disease detection. We hypothesize that differential methylation patterns maybe associated with ethnicity and could potentially contribute to the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer. METHODS. We have identified several genes to be differentially methylated in human prostate cancer cell line using methylated CpG island amplification coupled with CpG promoter microarray. Pyrosequencing was used to quantitatively measure the methylation levels of CDH11, FOXN4, PAX9, TIMP3, RPRM, SPARC, TCF3,CYP27B1, RARβ2, AR, GSTP1, NKX2-5, RASSF1A and TIMP3 genes in prostate cell lines, matched pairs of benign and prostate cancer tissues from individual prostate cancer patients, and normal prostate biopsies from African American and Caucasian men. Real time PCR was used to determine gene expression at the RNA transcript level. RESULTS. DNA hypermethylation was observed for NKX2-5, FOXN4, TIMP3, RPRM, TCF, SPARC, GSTP1, RASSF1A, RARβ2 and SPARC in prostate cancer cells and prostate cancer tissues samples. Higher frequency of methylation was observed for several genes including NKX2-5, GSTP1, RASSF1A, and RARβ2 genes in punch biopsies of normal prostate samples obtained from African American men in comparison to samples from Caucasian men. CONCLUSION. Our observations suggest a genome wide differential methylation patterns in prostate tissue samples obtained from African American men versus Caucasian men. Such alterations could account for some of the biological differences underlying prostate cancer disparity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 167.
Accuracy of breast ultrasound BI-RADS classification and final pathological assessment of breast lesions submitted to core biopsy or fine needle aspiration of a breast diagnostic referral center in South Brazil.
Authors: D Duarte Filho, JM Zignani, PM Zignani, RM Teixeira, M Biesdorf, JP Viegas, R Ribeiro, M Alexandretti, B Weber, M Tadvald, MS Graudenz, M Caleffi
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2002 Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cancer related mortality in women from 40-69 years old in Brazil. In the current year, about 49,400 women are expected to be diagnosed with BC, 4,880 of these in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Until preventive strategies can be implemented, or better therapies developed, BC mortality reduction can only come from improvement in detection. Radiologists involved in breast imaging should ensure that they have the necessary skills to carry out core biopsy (CB) and/or fine-needle aspiration (FNA) under all forms of image guidance. This quality control is crucial in countries of limited resources, where the costs generated by benign breast biopsies affect the whole public health system. This paper aims to provide a quality parameter on best practice for diagnostic interventional breast procedures and standards.&amp;#x2028; Methods: 1,071 consecutive women with breast imaging (BI) abnormalities referred to the BI Center of the Moinhos de Vento Hospital for ultrasound (Us) guided breast CB or FNA between Oct/2003 and Oct/2007 were eligible. All patients in the study population underwent clinical and radiological examination. CB was performed by Us-guided automated gun method. The pathology reports were performed by 2 independent pathologists. All breast findings were classified according to the Us BIRADS system and were correlated to pathology results. An Us BIRADS 4 or 5 was considered a positive test. Sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe), predictive positive value (PPV), predictive negative value (PNV) and accuracy (Acc) were calculated.&amp;#x2028; Results: Patient medium age was 45.5y (13-92y). Correlation results are summarized on table 1. In this sample, 88.7% of BC were ductal invasive carcinoma, 4.6% lobular invasive carcinoma, 1.2% ductal carcinoma in situ, 1.2% undifferentiated neoplasia, and 4.3% were other types of neoplasia. Sen of 93.3% (CI 87.7%-96.5%), Spe of 95% (93.3%-96.2%), PPV of 75.2% (68.3%Â81.1%), PNV of 98.8% (97.8%-99.4%) and an Acc of 94.7% were observed. &amp;#x2028; Discussion: Us BIRADS classification allows an adjusted standardization of radiologists images interpretation, reproducing the correlation between this and the pathology. Periodic performance audit is the most meaningful way to demonstrate the success or failure in detecting otherwise occult BC, the ultimate indicator of BI performance. Radiologists involved in BI in our center have the requirements to carry out CB and/or FNA under Us image guidance, once the observed results are in accordance with the ACR Practice Guideline, published in 2005.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2002.
Fluorothymidine PET/CT in Neurolymphomatosis
Authors: Chinmoy Kumar Biswal, Bhagwant Rai Mittal, Jaya Shukla, Rakhee Vatsa, Anish Bhattacharya, Sudesh Prabhakar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Neurolymphomatosis, a rare extranodal lymphoma, may involve the cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, spinal nerve roots, or nerve plexus. F-FDG PET/CT however shows increased FDG uptake in the nerves but is not specific for malignancy. We report a patient with neurolymphomatosis who underwent F-FDG PET/CT and F-fluorothymidine PET/CT where both the scans showed increased tracer uptake in the right sciatic nerve, proven later as neurolymphomatosis on nerve biopsy. Furthermore, the F-FDG avid mediastinal lymph nodes did not show F-fluorothymidine avidity, suggesting an inflammatory etiology.
Extract of Licorice for the Treatment of Addison's Disease
Authors: J. Groen, H. Pelser, A. F. Willebrands, C. E. Kamminga
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

EXTRACT of licorice has been in use in Western Europe for many years as an adjuvant for disguising the taste of other drugs in medical mixtures. It is also used in various forms as a sweet for children. In 1946, Revers1 investigated its usefulness in peptic ulcer. He noted a beneficial effect in gastric ulcer, whereas in duodenal ulcer the effect was doubtful. Apart from this curative action on ulcer of the stomach (which may be due to the presence of a spasmolytic principle2), Revers3 noticed that about 20 per cent of his cases developed edema and hypertension or . . .
CARDIAC SHOCK-WAVE THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Evgeny Shkolnik, Greta Burneikaite, Jelena Celutkiene, Gitana Zuoziene, Irena Butkoviene, Birute Petrauskiene, Aleksandras Laucevicius, Amir Lerman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
THU0376 Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk Factors in Inherited Auto-Inflammation
Authors: G. Twig, A. Livneh, A. Vivante, A. Afek, E. Derazne, A. Leiba, D. Ben-Ami Shor, C. Meydan, I. Ben-Zvi, D. Tzur, A. Furer, M. Imazio, Y. Adler, H. Amital
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Low-grade inflammation is a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Yet, clinical data on patients with inherited auto-inflammation are limited. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the natural progression of cardiovascular and metabolic risk among participants with familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a cross-sectional study of the prevalence of components of the metabolic syndrome at age 17, from the medical database of the Israeli Defense Force from 1973 through 1997.Included were 745 males with FMF, 902 healthy male siblings and a control group of 787,714 participants. A prospective follow-up (mean follow-up &gt;19 years) study traced the incidence of components of the metabolic syndrome and angiography-proven coronary artery disease (CAD) to age 45 years among 57 FMF and 1,568 control army personnel participants. <h3>Results</h3> In multivariable multinomial regression analysis adjusted for known confounders of obesity, FMF participants had an odds ratio of 0.65 for occurrence of overweight (95%CI=0.44-0.96,p=0.03) and 0.66 (95%CI=0.48-0.92,p=0.012) for hypertension-range blood pressure; their siblings tended to obesity (OR=1.48;95%CI=1.04-2.11,p=0.008). In the follow-up arm, Cox-regression multivariable models adjusted for age, birth year, BMI, education, socioeconomic status, country of origin and physical activity yielded hazard ratios of 0.32 (95%CI=0.10-0.82,p=0.002) for incident obesity, 0.49 (95%CI=0.25-0.95,p=0.037) for incident TG≥150mg/dL, 0.56 (95%CI=0.31-0.98,p=0.048) for LDL≥130mg/dL and 2.14 (1.368-3.359,p=0.001) for HDL&lt;40mg/dL for FMF participants compared to controls. In univariate analysis, incident elevated blood pressure was lower among FMF participants (HR=0.49;95%CI=0.23-1.00,p=0.05), while dysglycemia incidence was comparable. There was no evidence for accelarated CAD among FMF patients. <h3>Conclusions</h3> FMF was associated with lower rates of most components of the metabolic syndrome compared to normal subjects, with no evidence for accelerated CAD. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> : None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4242
P743 IMPACT OF BASELINE SERUM FERRITIN ON SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AFTER A 15 YEARS FOLLOW-UP
Authors: C. Jézéquel, E. Bardou-Jacquet, Y. Désille, I. Renard, M. Latournerie, P. Houssel-Debry, A. Le Gruyer, A. Guillygomarc'h, C. Le Lan, P. Brissot, R. Moirand, Y. Deugnier, F. Lainé, O. Loréal, B. Turlin, D. Guyader
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
P1023 OUR PRELIMINARY EXPERIENCE WITH ElastPQ SHEAR WAVE ELASTOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE AND DOPPLER INDICES IN THE NON-INVASIVE ASSESSMENT OF LIVER FIBROSIS
Authors: M. Garcovich, M.A. Zocco, L. Riccardi, E.B. Annicchiarico, M.E. Ainora, D. Roccarina, G. Caracciolo, A. Grieco, G.L. Rapaccini, M. Siciliano, M. Pompili, A. Gasbarrini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
SP0056 Clinical Trials in SLE: What have we Learned?
Authors: J. T. Merrill
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3></h3> We stand at the threshold of great progress for lupus. More than 30 qualified pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies are poised to develop treatments specifically for lupus, each finely targeted to provide nuanced regulation of the immue system in ways that ought to have great impact on the disease. However the patients are heterogeneous both clinically and biologically and it must be accepted that one drug, one dose, one method will not fit all. With an increasingly sophisticated understanding of immune responses and how they become disordered in lupus, we could learn to develop individualized combinations of these agents for each patient, using strategic blood testing to select the treatments and guide their dosing. The technology is here. The impediments include remaining difficulties in designing and carrying out lupus trials and an understandable resistance to changing the paradigm of how treatments are developed. But solutions are being formulated and the paradigm is indeed shifting. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> J. Merrill Grant/research support from: Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Genentech, UCB, Consultant for: Genentech, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, GSK, UCB, Lilly, MedImmune
Sweat Glands Accumulate Tc-99m MIBI
Authors: CATHRINE JONSSON, LARS-OVE FARNEBO, ANDERS FERNSTRÖM, HANS JACOBSSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Tc-99m MIBI, which was originally developed for myocardial perfusion studies, may also be used for depiction and characterization of tumors. Forty-one patients with suspected hyperparathyroidism were examined with Tc-99m MIBI to localize a parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia. In 19 of these patients (46%), bilateral symmetrical activity corresponding to the large deep apocrine sweat glands of the axillae was present. Sweat gland activity was not correlated with serum calcium levels. Although these patients may represent a selected group, the observation is clinically relevant regardless of its reason or mechanism. It is important also to be aware of this cause for activity in the axilla when assessing lymph node involvement in breast cancer patients using Tc-99m MIBI.
Successful pancreatic endotherapy achieved with double guide wire technique after failed pancreatic duct cannulation
Authors: D. Popa, K. Mönkemüller, C. Wilcox, J. Ramesh
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 41-year-old white man with pancreatic ascites and pleural effusion was referred for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). A previous endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) showed features of chronic pancreatitis with an irregular, undilated, hyperechoic walled pancreatic duct with no evidence of pancreas divisum. At ERCP, several attempts at selective wire-guided cannulation of the pancreatic duct failed.
Differential expression of Bcl-2 in human plasma cell disorders according to proliferation status and malignancy
Authors: D Puthier, C Pellat-Deceunynck, S Barillé, N Robillard, M-J Rapp, N Juge-Morineau, J-L Harousseau, R Bataille, M Amiot
Journal: Leukemia (1999)
Overcoming Impediments to Global Implementation of Early Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Salim S Abdool Karim
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed the global response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic by reducing the incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)–related death and disease. However, when to start ART in asymptomatic persons has long been debated. Initial calls to “hit HIV early and hard” two decades ago1 were countered by the pragmatic prioritization of patients at highest risk for AIDS — namely, those with low CD4+ cell counts (≤200 cells per cubic millimeter). This threshold for ART initiation has been progressively increasing, first to 350 cells per cubic millimeter and most recently to 500 cells per cubic . . .
PSMA Expression in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Sameer Kamalakar Taywade, Nishikant Avinash Damle, Chandrasekhar Bal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type 2 transmembrane protein highly expressed in prostate cancer cells. We present the case of a 50-year-old man with metastatic papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, with rising thyroglobulin level and negative whole-body radioiodine scan after total thyroidectomy. Considering the limited treatment options available, it was decided to perform Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC PET/CT scan. It revealed intense radiotracer uptake in mediastinal and left supraclavicular lymph nodes, brain metastases, bilateral lung nodules, and skeletal sites. Patient also underwent F-FDG PET/CT. It demonstrated similar findings; however, the number of lesions detected in brain was less compared with Ga-PSMA PET/CT.
A2.37 B cells regulate follicular helper T cells in healthy individuals and sjögren's patients but are defective in SLE patients
Authors: A Achour, JO Pers, P Youinou, S Hillion, C Jamin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are instrumental in the development of humoral responses, bringing helper signals to B cells for their terminal differentiation. Abnormal functions are deleterious and can trigger autoimmunity. Regulatory B (Breg) cells are known to modulate Th1 polarisation. Their control on humoral response has been hardly evaluated. The aim of our work was to establish the capacity of Breg cells to modulate the Tfh-dependent humoral response in healthy conditions and to determine their efficiency in Sjögren and SLE patients. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Peripheral blood T and B cells were purified from healthy indviduals and from Sjögren and SLE patients. The polarisation of human T cells into Tfh cells was obtained using stimulation with anti-CD3<sup>+</sup>anti-CD28 Abs in association with a cocktail of IL-12+IL-21. The functional activities of Tfh-differentiated cells were evaluated in co-cultures at a 1:1 ratio measuring the differentiation of B cells into memory B cells and plasma cells by flow cytometry, and the Ig productions in the supernatants by ELISA. The control of Breg cells on Tfh-dependent humoral responses was determined using 1:1:1 co-culture experiments with Tfh-differentiated cells, B cells and Breg cells. <h3>Results</h3> In 1:1 co-culture experiments, Tfh-differentiated cells from healthy donors induced the maturation of naive B cells into IgD-CD27<sup>+</sup> memory B cells and CD138<sup>+</sup> plasma cells, and triggered the secretion of IgM, IgG and IgA. In 1:1:1 co-culture conditions, Breg cells restrained the expression of Bcl-6, IL-21, ICOS, CXCR5 and PD-1 on T cells, all characteristics of Tfh cell polarisation. Furthermore, they inhibited the Tfh-dependent induction of CD138<sup>+</sup> plasma cells and of IgD-CD27<sup>+</sup> memory B cells, and down-regulated the secretion of Igs. Interestingly, we demonstrated that SLE Breg cells were defective in regulating the Tfh cell polarisation as well as the Tfh-dependent B cell responses. In contrast, Sjögren Breg cells were highly efficient. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results suggest that Breg cells from healthy individuals can control the Tfh-dependent humoral response. Moreover, this control appears efficient in Sjögren’s patients but deficient in SLE patients. Overall, these data suggest differential impairment of the autoimmune humoral responses in SLE and Sjögren patients.
P5-21-04: Patient Attitudes towards Undergoing Additional Breast Biopsy for Research Purposes.
Authors: FM Naim, R Ballinger, R McLauchlan, DJ Hadjiminas, K Hogben, C Palmieri, SJ Cleator
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Acquisition of additional breast tissue for research has become integral to breast oncology research but no data exists regarding patient attitudes to additional, non-diagnostic biopsies. Baseline research biopsies may be obtained as part of the diagnostic process as extra passage(s) of the needle through a ‘generic consent’ process, or as an additional biopsy event after carcinoma diagnosis has been confirmed and eligibility for a specific study has been established. This study sought to explore patient perspectives to such biopsies. Patients and Methods Patients attending breast clinics were recruited to complete a questionnaire prior to their consultation (and any interaction with researchers or clinicians seeking consent for research biopsies) which examined willingness to undergo an extra fine needle aspirate (FNA) and/or core needle biopsy (CNB) for research either at time of the diagnostic biopsy (B1) or after diagnosis (B2). Descriptions of FNA and CNB procedures were supplied to those with no prior experience. Patient perspectives towards donating surplus tissue left over from a diagnostic procedure and/or surgery for storage for future research was also explored. Results: 100 patients were recruited, 42% with a prior history of breast carcinoma, 23% with family history of breast carcinoma and 65%/ 42% with previous experience of CNB/FNA respectively for either benign or malignant disease. Willingness to undergo additional biopsy was greater for the B1 than the B2 time point, but equivalent for CNB and FNA (willingness CNB B1 50% vs B2 26%, willingness FNA B1 50% vs B2 29%). A statistically significant increase in willingness to undergo CNB and FNA at B1 and/or B2 was seen in association with prior diagnosis of breast cancer, family history of breast cancer, previous visit to breast clinic and prior experience of breast biopsy. Reasons for willingness or unwillingness were recorded. 83% of patients expressed a willingness to allow surplus tissue to be stored in a biobank for future research. Conclusions: When asked by questionnaire prior to clinic consultation, additional research biopsy was much more acceptable if undertaken at time of initial diagnostic biopsy rather than at a later time point. Acceptability was equivalent for CNB and FNA. Previous experience of biopsy, previous attendance to breast clinic, a prior history of breast cancer or family history of breast cancer increased acceptability suggesting that willingness is increased with knowledge of the biopsy procedure. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-21-04.
Investigation and prevention of infectious outbreaks during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: L. Muscarella
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Gastrointestinal and other types of flexible endoscopes may become contaminated during clinical use, and therefore rigorous and thorough cleaning, high-level disinfection, and drying after each procedure is required to prevent the transmission of potentially infectious agents [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]. With important public health implications, flexible endoscopes are reportedly associated with more documented cases of healthcare-acquired infections than any other type of reusable medical device [1]. A primary reason for this salient distinction is the complex physical design of these devices, including the structures of their internal channels. While their complex designs are essential both for the success of the procedure and patient comfort, not all types of flexible endoscopes necessarily facilitate reprocessing [1].
CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH AORTIC STENOSIS: A CONTEMPORARY APPRAISAL
Authors: Andrew L. Goodman, Roosha Parikh, Tyler Barr, Shikhar Agarwal, Richard Grimm, Joseph Sabik, Bruce Lytle, Leonardo Rodriguez, Lars Svensson, Brian Griffin, Milind Desai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)