tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Individualized Risk Calculator for Research in Prodromal Psychosis
Authors: Tyrone D. Cannon, Changhong Yu, Jean Addington, Carrie E. Bearden, Kristin S. Cadenhead, Barbara A. Cornblatt, Robert Heinssen, Clark D. Jeffries, Daniel H. Mathalon, Thomas H. McGlashan, Diana O. Perkins, Larry J. Seidman, Ming T. Tsuang, Elaine F. Walker, Scott W. Woods, Michael W. Kattan
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2016)

Approximately 20%-35% of individuals 12-35 years old who meet criteria for a prodromal risk syndrome convert to psychosis within 2 years. However, this estimate ignores the fact that clinical high-risk cases vary considerably in risk. The authors sought to create a risk calculator, based on profiles of risk indicators, that can ascertain the probability of conversion to psychosis in individual patients.The study subjects were 596 clinical high-risk participants from the second phase of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study who were followed up to the time of conversion to psychosis or last contact (up to 2 years). The predictors examined were limited to those that are supported by previous studies and are readily obtainable in general clinical settings. Time-to-event regression was used to build a multivariate model predicting conversion, with internal validation using 1,000 bootstrap resamples.The 2-year probability of conversion to psychosis was 16%. Higher levels of unusual thought content and suspiciousness, greater decline in social functioning, lower verbal learning and memory performance, slower speed of processing, and younger age at baseline each contributed to individual risk for psychosis. Stressful life events, trauma, and family history of schizophrenia were not significant predictors. The multivariate model achieved a concordance index of 0.71 and, as reported in an article by Carrión et al., published concurrently with this one, was validated in an independent external data set. The results are instantiated in a web-based risk prediction tool envisioned to be most useful in research protocols involving the psychosis prodrome.A risk calculator comparable in accuracy to those for cardiovascular disease and cancer is available to predict individualized conversion risks in newly ascertained clinical high-risk cases. Given that the risk calculator can be validly applied only for patients who screen positive on the Structured Clinical Interview for Psychosis Risk Syndromes, which requires training to administer, its most immediate uses will be in research on psychosis risk factors and in research-driven clinical (prevention) trials.
Hepatitis B e antigen and its precursors promote the progress of hepatocellular carcinoma by interacting with NUMB and decreasing p53 activity
Authors: Dan Liu, Lei Cui, Yuan Wang, Guifang Yang, Jing He, Ruidong Hao, Chengpeng Fan, Mengmeng Qu, Zhepeng Liu, Min Wang, Lang Chen, Hui Li, Deyin Guo
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

Hepatitis B viral infection is one of the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. Although several viral factors have been identified that may increase the risk for HCC development, the molecular mechanisms leading to the transformation of normal hepatocytes into cancer cells remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that the intracellular hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and its precore precursors, but not their homologous core protein, could associate with NUMB and thereby impair the stability and transcriptional activity of tumor suppressor p53. HBeAg and its precursors could disrupt p53-NUMB and HDM2-NUMB interactions and tricomplex p53-HDM2-NUMB formation, inhibit the acetylation and translocation of p53 from cytosol to the nucleus, promote HDM2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of p53, and suppress p53-dependent apoptosis. A xenograft tumorigenicity assay showed that expression of HBeAg and its precursors promoted carcinogenesis in a mouse model. Immunohistochemical analysis of the bioptic liver samples of HCC patients revealed that HBeAg positivity was associated with reduced transcriptional activity of p53. Taken together, the results suggest a role of intracellular HBeAg and its precursors in HCC development.HBeAg and its precursors promote HDM2-mediated degradation and impair transcriptional activity of p53 by interacting with NUMB, consequently contributing to HCC development. (Hepatology 2016;64:390-404).
Molecular Pharmacology of<i>δ</i>-Opioid Receptors
Authors: Louis Gendron, Catherine M. Cahill, Mark von Zastrow, Peter W. Schiller, Graciela Pineyro
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2016)

Opioids are among the most effective analgesics available and are the first choice in the treatment of acute severe pain. However, partial efficacy, a tendency to produce tolerance, and a host of ill-tolerated side effects make clinically available opioids less effective in the management of chronic pain syndromes. Given that most therapeutic opioids produce their actions via <i>µ</i>-opioid receptors (MOPrs), other targets are constantly being explored, among which <i>δ</i>-opioid receptors (DOPrs) are being increasingly considered as promising alternatives. This review addresses DOPrs from the perspective of cellular and molecular determinants of their pharmacological diversity. Thus, DOPr ligands are examined in terms of structural and functional variety, DOPrs' capacity to engage a multiplicity of canonical and noncanonical G protein–dependent responses is surveyed, and evidence supporting ligand-specific signaling and regulation is analyzed. Pharmacological DOPr subtypes are examined in light of the ability of DOPr to organize into multimeric arrays and to adopt multiple active conformations as well as differences in ligand kinetics. Current knowledge on DOPr targeting to the membrane is examined as a means of understanding how these receptors are especially active in chronic pain management. Insight into cellular and molecular mechanisms of pharmacological diversity should guide the rational design of more effective, longer-lasting, and better-tolerated opioid analgesics for chronic pain management.
The unstated problem in a psychological testing referral
Authors: L J Cohen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

There is a manifest and a latent content to many psychological testing refereals. Although a diagnostic problem is usually the stated reason for the referral, the unstated and more basic reason frequently has to do with problems the therapist is encountering in attempting to deal with a difficult treatment situation. The testing psychologist who responds at the manifest level alone may not help and at times may even be a hindrance.
PRINCE: A phase III study comparing intermittent docetaxel therapy versus continuous docetaxel therapy in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Authors: Hannes Cash, Ursula Steiner, Axel Heidenreich, Theodor Klotz, Sebastian Melchior, Peter Albers, Peter Martus, Stefan Hinz, Ahmed Magheli, Carsten Kempkensteffen, Kurt Miller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

5005 Background: A randomized phase III study investigating the non-inferiority of an intermittent docetaxel compared to a continuous docetaxel treatment for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Methods: 187 patients were randomized to either an intermittent docetaxel treatment or to a continuous docetaxel treatment until discontinuation (docetaxel application in both arms was weekly 35mg/m2 or three-weekly 75mg/m2). The intermittent arm received docetaxel for one study sequence of 12 weeks and then paused until clinical disease progression, defined by one of the following criteria: increased serum PSA > 4ng/ml with an 50% increase over baseline level, radiological or symptomatic progression. The primary endpoint was one-year survival, which was tested for non-inferiority (efficacy margin 12.5 %). Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), median time to treatment failure (TTF) and toxicity. Final recruitment was not reached. Results: Of 156 eligible patients, 78 were allocated to each arm. One-year survival was 72.6% in the continuous arm vs. 75.8% in the intermittent arm and median OS 18.3 months (95% CI: 15-21.5) vs. 19.3 months (95% CI: 4.7-6.1) (P= .535). The intermittent treatment met the non-inferiority criteria in one year survival (difference to lower 95% CI: -0.1201), but not for OS, according to the result of a post-hoc analysis. The differences between the study arms in PFS and TTF were not significant. The median treatment holiday in the intermittent arm was 15 weeks (range 1-69), or 38% of the overall treatment duration. Safety profiles of both study arms were comparable. Conclusions: The intermittent docetaxel chemotherapy was non-inferior to a continuous therapy in one-year survival. It was well tolerated and may present a treatment option for patients with CRPC.
The occurrence of mutant KRAS clones in the blood of RAS wild type colorectal cancer patients: Impact of response or failure under anti-EGFR therapy.
Authors: Andreas W. Berger, Daniel Schwerdel, Hanna Welz, Thomas Jens Ettrich, Peter Moeller, Thomas Seufferlein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

600 Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by a high level of genetic heterogeneity. In addition, changes in the genetic profile induced by chemotherapy affect treatment results. Acquired resistance of tumors is defined as a result of clonal evolution and clonal selection under systemic chemotherapy. Repeated tumor tissue biopsies are difficult to obtain and cannot be easily used for dynamic monitoring of therapy response or failure due to marked tumor heterogeneity. Promising data for circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a tool for studying tumor evolution were recently published. Methods: In this study we analyzed ctDNA from patients with metastatic CRC during treatment with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies (cetuximab/panitumumab). By droplet digital PCR we performed genotyping of CRC tissue and tracking of clonal evolution of the most frequent KRAS mutations (G12A, G12C, G12D, G12R, G12S, G12V, G13C, G13D, Q61R, A146T and A59T) in plasma ctDNA. Results: In initial KRAS wild type tumors several mutated KRAS clones occurred in plasma under the course of anti-EGFR-therapy indicating an increasing acquired resistance to the given therapy leading to a disease progression. Some of these mutations declined upon discontinuation of anti-EGFR therapy. Conclusions: Based on these results we hypothesize that the initial state of KRAS wild type situation seems to be restored in some cases. This opens up the possibility to reinduce anti-EGFR therapy in later therapy lines.
Diagnosing pseudoaneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery on endoscopic ultrasound
Authors: Avin Aggarwal, Shashank Garg
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

A 72-year-old man presented to the emergency room with acute-on-chronic back pain. His medical history was significant for cholecystectomy, deep venous thrombosis, multiple myeloma, and angioedema with the administration of iodinated contrast. He was on long-term enoxaparin and weekly steroid therapy.
Abstract MP017: Television Viewing and Life Expectancy in the United States
Authors: Peter T Katzmarzyk, I-Min Lee
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Sedentary behaviors such as television viewing are ubiquitous in modern society. Several prospective studies have demonstrated an association between television viewing and incident obesity and type 2 diabetes as well as cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Hypothesis: We tested the null hypothesis that television viewing has no impact on life expectancy in the United States. Methods: A prevalence-based cause-deleted methodology was used to estimate the gains in life expectancy in the population that would be expected under current mortality patterns if television viewing was eliminated as a potential risk factor in the United States. The population attributable fraction (PAF, calculated using adjusted relative risk (RR) = ∑P(RR-1/RR)) was computed from the RR of all-cause mortality associated with television viewing (2–3.9 h and ≥4 h versus &lt; 2 h) obtained from a meta-analysis of available prospective cohort studies, and the estimated case prevalence (P) of television viewing obtained from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–06) and the prospective cohort studies. The resulting PAF was applied to mortality rates among 18+ year olds living in the United States and an abridged life table analysis was used to estimate the potential gains in life expectancy. Results: Three prospective cohort studies contributed data to the meta-analysis, yielding summary RR estimates for all-cause mortality of 1.17 (95% CI: 1.04 – 1.32) and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.22–1.82) for 2–3.9 h and ≥4 h of television viewing versus &lt;2 h, respectively. The estimated case prevalences of television viewing in the U.S. population were 23.8%, 45.7% and 37.2% for &lt;2 h, 2–3.9 h and ≥4 h of television viewing, respectively. The estimated gain in life expectancy in the US population associated with television viewing was 1.38 years. The lower and upper limits from a sensitivity analysis which involved simultaneously varying the estimates of RR (using the upper and lower bounds of the 95% CI) and the prevalence of television viewing (± 20%) were 0.48 years and 2.50 years. Conclusions: Reducing sedentary behaviors such as television viewing has the potential to increase life expectancy in the United States.
SUPRAVALVULAR AORTIC STENOSIS
Authors: A DUEX, H HALL ERBACH, H H HILGER, M LEY, A SCHAEDE, P THURN
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acute effects of caffeine in normal prepubertal boys
Authors: R N Elkins, J L Rapoport, T P Zahn, M S Buchsbaum, H Weingartner, I J Kopin, D Langer, C Johnson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

A recent study demonstrated that dextroamphetamine has an effect in normal prepubertal boys similar to that seen in hyperactive children. The purpose of the present study was to see whether the effects of caffeine are similar to those of amphetamine in normal children. The authors observed 19 prepubertal boys following administration of a single dose of placebo, 3 mg/kg of caffeine, and 10 mg/kg of caffeine in a double-blind, crossover design. Caffeine produced increased vigilance and decreased reaction time, as does amphetamine. Unlike amphetamine, however, the higher dose of caffeine did not have a motor calming effect but increased motor activity. Separate biological systems, therefore, may be differentially affected by the two substances.
Mixed PEGylated surfactant modifying system decrease the accelerated blood clearance phenomenon of nanoemulsions in rats
Authors: Yuqing Su, Wenya Tang, Yanzhi Song, Chunling Wang, Qingjing Tian, Xuling Wang, Jingjing Quan, Buoqun Li, Shaoning Wang, Yihui Deng
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2016)

The accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon which is induced by repeated injection of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-coated colloidal carriers gives clinical challenge to the promising drug delivery system. It is necessary to decrease this unexpected immunological response. A novel 4-arm poly (ethylene glycol-5000)4-cholesteryl methyl amide (4-arm PEG5000-CHMA) has been synthesized. The structure of 4-arm PEG5000-CHMA was confirmed by IR and 1H-NMR spectrum. The pharmacokinetics of the tocopheryl nicotinate (TN)-loaded nanoemulsions modified with 4-arm PEG5000-CHMA or/and 1, 2-distearoyl-Sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-n-[methoxy(poly-ethyleneglycol)-2000] (mPEG2000-DSPE) have been studied. Furthermore, the ABC phenomenon has been detailed investigated in rats by TN-loaded nanoemulsions modified with 4-arm PEG5000-CHMA and mPEG2000-DSPE (CPNE). The plasma levels of TN and anti-PEG IgM antibody were determined by HPLC and ELISA, respectively. The circulation time of the CPNEs were comparable to the mPEG2000-DSPE coated nanoemulsions. Moreover, the ABC phenomenon can be decreased by CPNEs. This study designs a method to decrease the ABC phenomenon and develops a clinical promising nanoemulsion for therapeutic or imaging purpose.
Saint Anthony’s Fire
Authors: Victor Asensi, Jose Maria Asensi
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Esophageal hematoma after peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia in a patient on antiplatelet therapy
Authors: Nicolas Benech, Mathieu Pioche, Marc O’Brien, Jérôme Rivory, Sabine Roman, François Mion, Thierry Ponchon
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) appears to be a successful technique for the treatment of achalasia [1]. Only a few cases of delayed bleeding have been described [2]. Here, we report a case of esophageal hematoma that developed 1 day after a patient on acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) therapy underwent POEM.
"Medical responsibility" in institutional settings
Authors: B Bursten
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

The economics of institutional delivery of mental health care sometimes makes it impossible for psychiatrists to meet the demands of medical ethics. At times the psychiatrist's signature is used to imply a degree of medical responsibility that is not justified or a degree of supervision of less highly trained personnel that has not been given. The continuing variance between psychiatry's ethical precepts and its practice in some institutions creates an undesirable situation. The author examines several options and concludes that the ethics should be rewritten. Dr. Frederick J. Stoddard comments on the author's presentation.
2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Thoracic Aortic Disease
Authors: Loren F. Hiratzka, George L. Bakris, Joshua A. Beckman, Robert M. Bersin, Vincent F. Carr, Donald E. Casey, Kim A. Eagle, Luke K. Hermann, Eric M. Isselbacher, Ella A. Kazerooni, Nicholas T. Kouchoukos, Bruce W. Lytle, Dianna M. Milewicz, David L. Reich, Souvik Sen, Julie A. Shinn, Lars G. Svensson, David M. Williams
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Doripenem Versus Meropenem As the First-Line Empirical Therapy in High-Risk Febrile Neutropenic Patients with Hematological Malignancy: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Tatsuo Oyake, Yuka Fujisawa, Norifumi Sugawara, Yasunori Nakagawa, Takahiro Mine, Ichiro Hanamura, Maki Asahi, Yukiteru Fujishima, Yusei Aoki, Shugo Kowata, Shigeki Ito, Yoji Ishida
Journal: Blood (2014)
228TiP Safety and efficacy of mFOLFOX6 + panitumumab combination therapy and 5-FU/LV + panitumumab combination therapy in patients with chemotherapy-naïve metastatic colorectal cancer (SAPPHIRE)
Authors: N. Nagata, H. Mishima, S. Kurosawa, K. Oba, J. Sakamoto
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
P-035 Simultaneous carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carcinoma antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) and 125 (CA-125) measurement in patients with gastric cancer (stage IA-IB): a case-control study
Authors: F. Lumachi, G. Chiara, R. Tozzoli, G. Lo Re, S. Basso
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Patient Needs and Medical-Care Planning
Authors: Bernard S. Bloom, Osler L. Peterson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract To illustrate how plans can be developed to meet medical needs, Massachusetts demographic data and myocardial-infarction incidence rates were used to propose a regional system of coronary-care units. Using Framingham Heart Study incidence data for acute and serious heart disease, we suggest that 5.6 million people can be served by 39 coronary-care units with 336 beds, as contrasted with the 94 units with 446 beds currently in Massachusetts. The proposed 39 units would be so distributed that every patient would be no more than 30 minutes from a unit and would have a 95 per cent chance of obtaining a bed in the closest unit. By adherence to admission criteria and by realizing economies of scale, the estimated annual operating cost of the proposed units plus other substituted hospital services would be $14.5 million dollars — $3 million less than current costs. (N Engl J Med 290:1171–1177, 1974)
State Legal Restrictions and Prescription-Opioid Use among Disabled Adults
Authors: Ellen Meara, Jill R. Horwitz, Wilson Powell, Lynn McClelland, Weiping Zhou, A. James O'Malley, Nancy E. Morden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

In response to rising rates of opioid abuse and overdose, U.S. states enacted laws to restrict the prescribing and dispensing of controlled substances. The effect of these laws on opioid use is unclear.