tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nonoccupational Exposure to Chrysotile Asbestos and the Risk of Lung Cancer
Authors: Michel Camus, Jack Siemiatycki, Bette Meek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Heavy industrial exposure to asbestos causes lung cancer and mesothelioma, but it remains unknown whether much lower environmental exposure to asbestos also causes these cancers. Nevertheless, regulatory agencies, including the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), have assessed the risk of lung cancer by extrapolating known risks from past industrial exposure to asbestos to today's much lower environmental asbestos levels (roughly 100,000 times lower). We also tested the EPA's model for predicting the risk of asbestos-induced lung cancer in a population of women with relatively high levels of nonoccupational exposure to asbestos.
Massive Antismoking Intervention Trial To Begin in the Fall
Authors: A. C. Hamm
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Massive Antismoking Intervention Trial To Begin in the Fall Get access Alice C. Hamm Alice C. Hamm Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 80, Issue 10, 20 July 1988, Pages 717–718, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.10.717 Published: 20 July 1988
DIASTOLIC WALL STRAIN PREDICTS MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Edinrin Obasare, Chinualumogu Nwakile, Talal Alnabelsi, Marvin Louis Roy Lu, Vikas Bhalla, Vincent Figueredo, Gregg Pressman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
A major rethink is needed on reporting adverse drug reactions
Authors: A. Herxheimer, S. Vohra, J.-L. Montastruc, R. Edwards
Journal: BMJ (2012)

We agree that spontaneous reporting systems are important but would like to emphasise that most suspected adverse drug reactions are not reported at all, and many reports have limited information.1

New guidelines are useful, but major problems everywhere, not only in the UK, are that the complex data analysis needed on safety is not open to public review and neither is the …
Biopsy is not appropriate for incidentally detected liver lesions
Authors: D. F. J. Dunne, R. P. Jones, H. Malik, S. Fenwick, D. White, G. Poston
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Patel and colleagues’ recommendations on liver biopsy for incidentally detected liver lesions are worrying.1 We see up to 10 such newly detected lesions each week in our cancer network hepatobiliary multidisciplinary team. By using high quality computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging with hepatocyte specific contrast agents, and contrast ultrasound scanning, it has been more than five years since we have …
Abstract 1486: Mda-9/Syntenin regulates integrin signaling by facilitating membrane translocation of ILK/PINCH1/α-parvin complex
Authors: Cheol Hwangbo, Juhee Park, Jeong-Hyung Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), PINCH1 and α-parvin form a ternary complex that plays crucial roles in integrins signaling. We report here that mda-9/syntenin is essential for the assembly of integrin β1-ILK-PINCH1-α-parvin signaling complexes during adhesion to collagen-I (COL-1). Modulation of mda-9/syntenin expression affects COL-1-induced activation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt). mda-9/Syntenin associates with ILK and this association is increased at the plasma membrane in response to COL-1. mda-9/Syntenin regulates COL-1-induced association between ILK and PKB/Akt, and plasma membrane targeting of ILK-PKB/Akt, suggesting that mda-9/syntenin modulates the plasma membrane targeting of PKB/Akt via ILK. Strikingly, inhibition of mda-9/syntenin impairs COL-1-induced plasma membrane translocation of ILK-PINCH1-α-parvin complex and the assembly of integrin β1-ILK-PINCH1-α-parvin signaling complexes. Consistently, inhibition of mda-9/syntenin blocks the COL-1-induced reorganization of actin cytoskeleton and cell migration, as well as activation of Rac1 and ERK1/21/2. Thus, our study defines the role of mda-9/syntenin in COL-1-induced integrin signaling and describes new mechanism of mda-9/syntenin for the regulation of cell migration. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1486. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1486
Serum Immunoreactive-Leptin Concentrations in Normal-Weight and Obese Humans
Authors: Robert V. Considine, Madhur K. Sinha, Mark L. Heiman, Aidas Kriauciunas, Thomas W. Stephens, Mark R. Nyce, Joanna P. Ohannesian, Cheryl C. Marco, Linda J. McKee, Thomas L. Bauer, José F. Caro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Leptin, the product of the ob gene, is a hormone secreted by adipocytes. Animals with mutations in the ob gene are obese and lose weight when given leptin, but little is known about the physiologic actions of leptin in humans.
ME-07 * INFLUENCE OF REGIONAL MICROENVIROMENT AND ASTROCYTE HETEROGENEITY ON ASTROCYTOMA DEVELOPMENT
Authors: D. Irvin, R. Schmid, R. Bash, C. R. Miller
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

The role of the local microenvironment during early astrocytoma development remains elusive. We previously showed that Rb and Pten inactivation and Kras activation (TRP) transforms Gfap+ astrocytes and induces low-grade astrocytoma tumorigenesis throughout the adult brain. To confirm that astrocytes are the cell of origin, we targeted them using an alternative astrocyte-specific promoter, Glast. In the absence of oncogenic mutations, genetic lineage tracing with Glast-CreER; floxed TdTomato mice produced recombination in 8-38% of Gfap/Blbp+ astrocytes in the cortex, diencephalon, brainstem, and olfactory bulb. EdU labeling showed <0.04% proliferated at 7 days. Astrocyte proliferation (EdU+) increased 8-29-fold 3 weeks and TdTomato+ cells increased 3-7-fold by 8 weeks after TRP transformation. Glast;TdTomato+ astrocytes were rare in the brainstem and their transformation produced minimal tumorigenesis. In contrast, hGFAP-CreER uniformly induced recombination in ∼50% of astrocytes in all regions, including the brainstem. Whereas TdTomato+ astrocytes increased 6-11-fold in hGFAP-TRP mice after 8 weeks, Glast-targeted transformation was 1-4 fold lower. Differences in growth rates were most pronounced in the brainstem (P<0.001), but olfactory bulb growth rates were similar (P>0.05). Both CreER driver and brain region significantly affected astrocyte growth rate (ANOVA P < 0.0003). In both models, transformed astrocytes maintained Gfap/Blbp expression, gained expression of the stem cell marker Nestin, and formed increasingly dense perineuronal satellites over time. Ki-67 labeling showed clonal expansion, as hypercellular foci with 11-fold higher proliferation relative to less-cellular areas of tumor developed by 16 weeks. Glast-, but not hGFAP-driven tumors contained dividing, but untransformed (TdTomato;T121−) BLBP+ astrocytes, IBA1+ microglia, and PDGFRα+ oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPC). Proliferating microglia (6-0%) and OPC (18-5%) decreased over time, while dividing, untransformed astrocytes increased (57-85%). These findings support the notion that regional microenvironment and astrocyte heterogeneity contribute to astrocytoma development. The Glast-TRP model may be useful in dissecting the role of regional microenvironment during astrocytoma tumorigenesis.
SAT0372 The Burden of Gout in Patients Included in Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review
Authors: I. Cordeiro, F. Araujo, S. Ramiro, J. Branco, R. Buchbinder
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The impact of gout on patients' lives is still largely unknown. <h3>Objectives</h3> We performed a systematic review of the baseline characteristics of participants of acute and chronic gout trials as an indirect measure of the burden of gout. <h3>Methods</h3> We searched Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane databases as well as EULAR and ACR abstracts (2010-11) to identify all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs on any intervention in adult patients with gout. We assessed risk of bias (RoB) according to Cochrane methods. To assess burden, we extracted all reported baseline characteristics, and how each domain was measured. For each included trial we quantified the number of OMERACT defined domains that had been included and reported at baseline. We compared the number of OMERACT baseline domains included in trials according to RoB (low vs unclear and high), and according to recruitment starting before and after the publication of the OMERACT guidelines. <h3>Results</h3> We screened 9517 articles and 113 ACR/EULAR abstracts. Sixty-four publications fulfilled inclusion criteria (36 acute gout trials (AT), 28 chronic gout trials (CT)). Burden was incompletely captured across trials; there was no uniformity in what baseline characteristics were reported; many different measures were used to capture the same domain, as presented in more detail in Table 1. Certain OMERACT domains were seldom reported, such as patient global assessment of disease (AT: 3 (7.9%); CT: 0), disability (AT: 3 (7.9%); CT: 3 (7.1%)) and health-related quality of life (AT: 2 (5.3%), CT: 0). There was a statistically significant trend for CT with low RoB (LRoB) to report more baseline characteristics in comparison to studies judged to be at unclear or high RoB (UHRoB) (LRoB: 3.6 (1.4) vs. UHRoB: 2.0 (1.4), p=0.017). This tendency came close to statistical significance in AT (LRoB: 1.9 (1.2) vs. UHRoB: 1.2 (1.0), p=0.078). Similarly, there was a non significant trend for trials recruiting participants after publication of the OMERACT guidelines to report more baseline characteristics (AT: 2.0 (1.7) vs. 1.4 (1.1), p=0.410; CT: 3.5 (1.9) vs. 2.2 (1.4), p=0.129). <h3>Image/graph</h3> <h3>Conclusions</h3> Burden of gout in both acute and chronic trials is incompletely captured and using heterogeneous measures. While there was a trend towards more complete assessment of core domains of burden after the publication of OMERACT recommendations, many domains were still absent or poorly reported. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract 2372: The metastasis efficiency modifier ribosomal RNA processing 1 homologue (RRP1B) is a chromatin-associated factor
Authors: Nigel P.S. Crawford, Hailiu Yang, Katherine R. Mattaini, Kent W. Hunter
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Previous experiments using the polyoma middle T (PyMT) mouse model of mammary tumorigenesis have demonstrated that host germline variation modulates metastasis in breast cancer. Recent work using the PyMT model has identified novel metastasis susceptibility genes, an example of which includes Rrp1b (ribosomal RNA processing 1 homolog B). Over-expression of Rrp1b in a mouse mammary tumor cell line induces a gene expression signature that predicts survival in a well characterized Dutch breast cancer dataset. Additionally, a polymorphism was identified within human RRP1B (G1421A; P436L), which is associated with differential survival in multiple breast cancer cohorts. Here we extend the analysis of RRP1B function by demonstrating that the Rrp1b activation gene expression signature accurately predicts survival in three additional publicly available breast carcinoma gene expression datasets. We have also investigated the mechanism of action of RRP1B by defining protein binding partners for this germline-encoded metastasis modifier. Tandem affinity purification demonstrated that RRP1B physically interacts with many nucleosome binding factors, all of which have been implicated in regulation of gene expression. Examples include the linker histone H1X, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, tripartite motif-containing 28 (TIF-1β/KAP1), and cold shock domain protein A. These interactions were confirmed by co-immunofluorescence (Co-IF) and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). Additionally, co-IF experiments demonstrated that RRP1B is localized to the perinuclear and perinucleolar regions, which is a particularly interesting given that factors localized to these regions are often involved in heterochromatinization and gene silencing. Furthermore, co-IP and co-IF demonstrated that RRP1B interacts with heterochromatin protein-1α and acetyl-histone H4 lysine 5, suggesting that RRP1B may well regulate gene expression through interactions with heterochromatin and euchromatin. Finally, we investigated the effects of ectopic expression of the 436Pro and 436Leu RRP1B allelic variants that have previously been associated with differential survival in breast cancer. Gene expression analyses demonstrate that, compared with ectopic expression of wildtype 436 Pro RRP1B in HeLa cells, the variant 436Leu RRP1B differentially modulates various transcription factors controlled by TRIM28 and CSDA. These data suggest that RRP1B, a tumor progression and metastasis susceptibility candidate gene, is potentially a dynamic modulator of transcription and chromatin structure. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2372.
A novel viscous dissecting gel for endoscopic submucosal dissection: a prospective survival study in a porcine model
Authors: Payal Saxena, Brian Simons, Kathleen Gabrielson, Yamile Haito-Chavez, Ali Valeshabad, Vivek Kumbhari, Vikesh Singh, Anne Lennon, Marcia Canto, Pankaj Pasricha, Anthony Kalloo, Mouen Khashab
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aims: </b>Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a technically challenging procedure. A novel gel can facilitate ESD due to its submucosal dissecting properties. This prospective porcine survival study evaluated clinical and histologic parameters of hybrid ESD using the gel. <b>Patients and methods: </b>Gastric submucosal lesions were created in six pigs and hybrid ESD was performed. Healing was assessed weekly until necropsy at Day 28. <b>Results:</b> En bloc resection was achieved in all lesions (mean size 40.7 mm). The mean total procedure time was 13.5 minutes and the mean resection time was 5.5 minutes. The mean total histologic injury score was 4. At necropsy, four ulcers had healed completely and two were < 6 mm in size. <b>Conclusion: </b>Hybrid ESD of large gastric lesions in a porcine model can be facilitated by the novel gel, dramatically reducing procedure and resection times by eliminating the need for time-consuming submucosal dissection. The novel gel is safe and easy to use, and has the potential to simplify ESD. Further prospective human studies are needed to validate these findings.
Abstract P1-01-23: Increased Diagnostic Performance of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Combined with Radiologic-pathologic Factors After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients with Cytologically Proven Node Metastasis at Diagnosis
Authors: S Park, JS Koo, MJ Kim, JM Park, JH Cho, H Hwang, HS Park, E-K Kim, SI Kim, B-W Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: It is undetermined whether sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is feasible and accurate for predicting final nodal status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in breast cancer patients with cytologically proven node metastasis at the time of diagnosis, although currently completion node dissection is a standard surgical procedure for the management of axilla. The aim of this study was to investigate diagnostic performance of SLNB after NCT in this subgroup. Methods: Of 374 patients with T1-T3 breast cancer who received NCT, 178 had initially biopsy proven axillary/supraclavicular metastasis and subsequently underwent SLNB using radioisotope alone followed by completion node dissection between 2008 and 2011. Detection rate, sensitivity, false negative rate (FNR), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of SLNB were retrospectively analyzed and it was explored using regression analysis whether combination with clinicopathologic factors improved performance. Results: At initial presentation, 60.7% of patients were cT2 stage and 88.2% treated with concurrent or sequential anthracycline plus taxane preoperatively. SLNB was successfully performed in 169 (94.9%) patients. The mean number of sentinel and regional nodes retrieved was 2.1 ± 1.6 and 12.8 ± 6.3, respectively. Tumoral non-responder and extensive residual nodal disease were significantly associated with detection failure of SLNB. Conversion to node-negative disease was noted in 69 (40.8%) patients. Sensitivity, FNR, NPV, and accuracy of SLNB were 78.0%, 22.0%, 75.8%, and 87.0%, respectively and diagnostic performance increased when ≥ 3 sentinel nodes were evaluated. By logistic regression model, tumoral and nodal responder, absent lymphovascular invasion (LVI), estrogen receptor (ER)-negativity, and HER2-positivity were significantly associated with node-negative disease after NCT. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve increased from 0.890 to 0.949 when considering radiologic-pathologic factors and FNR was the lowest value of 14.3% in 46 patients with tumoral responder, absent LVI, and ER-negative tumor. Conclusions: SLNB was technically feasible but solely showed higher FNR in this study. Improved diagnostic performance of SLNB combined with radiologic-pathologic characteristics suggests possible clinical value of SLNB after NCT in highly selected patients with node metastasis at diagnosis. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-23.
Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty in 170 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Robert D. Safian, Aaron D. Berman, Daniel J. Diver, Linda L. McKay, Patricia C. Come, Marilyn F. Riley, Sanford E. Warren, Michael J. Cunningham, R. Michael Wyman, Joseph S. Weinstein, William Grossman, Raymond G. McKay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Between October 1, 1985, and April 1, 1988, we performed balloon aortic valvuloplasty in 170 patients (mean age [±SD], 77±5 years) who had symptomatic aortic stenosis. The procedure was completed successfully in 168 patients and resulted in significant increases in the mean (±SD) aortic-valve area (from 0.6±0.2 to 0.9±0.3 cm2) and cardiac output (from 4.6±3.4 to 4.8±1.4 liters per minute) and decreases in the peak aortic-valve pressure gradient (from 71±20 to 36±14 mm Hg) (P<0.01 for all three comparisons). There were six in-hospital deaths, and five patients required early aortic-valve replacement. Follow-up data were available for all patients, for a period averaging 9.1 months. In addition to the 6 patients who died in the hospital, 25 patients died an average of 6.4±5.3 months after discharge. Symptoms recurred in 44 patients; they were managed by repeat valvuloplasty in 16 patients, by aortic-valve replacement in 17, and by medical therapy in 11. At the most recent follow-up examination, the symptoms of 103 patients had improved after valvuloplasty; this number includes 15 patients with re-Stenosis who successfully underwent redilation. Life-table analysis indicates that the probability of survival 12 months after the procedure was 74 percent. We conclude that balloon aortic valvuloplasty is an effective palliative therapy for some elderly patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis. Symptoms improve in the majority of patients; although re-Stenosis is common, it can be managed in some patients by repeat balloon dilation. (N Engl J Med 1988; 319:125–30.)
A memorable patient: A lie softly spoken
Authors: I. Nesbitt
Journal: BMJ (2002)

She was a vivid patchwork of red and black from ankles to neck, surrounded by a miasma of singed hair and charred flesh. Even from the end of the trolley, the story and outcome were obvious—a cooker fire, a burning nightgown, dripping molten rivulets down her legs and pooling on her feet. She'd been lying for several hours before discovery, and, although conscious on admission to casualty, she was clearly …
Unusual Stress Fracture in an Athlete
Authors: I E Stewart, K Fallon
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Persistent pain in the superior portion of the right sacroiliac joint developed in a male hurdler with a long history of intermittent low back pain. Clinical examination localized the origin of the pain to the upper right sacroiliac joint. The pain was unrelieved by rest or medication. Planar and SPECT bone scans showed localized increased tracer activity at the superior portion of the right sacroiliac joint. A pelvic CT done the next day showed bilateral osteophytic spurs and subchondral sclerosis at the sacroiliac joints. An osteophyte at the right superior sacroiliac joint had fractured.
Abstract 1916: Robust pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by tumor-infiltrating t cells despite altered Stat1/Stat3 signaling responses
Authors: Erika A. O'Donnell, Garry P. Nolan, Edgar G. Engleman, Ines Mende
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The mechanisms whereby tumors reap the pro-growth benefits of an inflammatory context while still evading the immune response are not fully understood. Using phospho-specific flow cytometry, we demonstrate differential biasing of STAT phosphorylation responses within the tumor microenvironment, with B16 and CT26 cancer cells responding preferentially to pro-inflammatory IL-6 and IFN-γ and tumor-infiltrating T cells responding preferentially to anti-inflammatory IL-10. Investigation of cytokine responsiveness biasing within tumor-infiltrating T cells revealed that the intratumoral T cell population is shaped by non antigen-specific accumulation of CD62L− T cells, which lack responsiveness to pro-inflammatory cytokines despite their robust secretion of these factors. The unchecked production of pro-inflammatory factors by antigen-experienced T cells within the tumor suggests a novel role for these cells in supporting tumor growth by contributing to the inflammatory milieu within the tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1916.
A new device for simultaneous manipulation of an endoscope and a treatment device during procedures: an ex vivo animal study
Authors: Daisuke Kikuchi, Akihiro Yamada, Toshiro Iizuka, Kosuke Nomura, Yasutaka Kuribayashi, Ryusuke Kimura, Satoshi Yamashita, Tsukasa Furuhata, Akira Matsui, Toshifumi Mitani, Osamu Ogawa, Shu Hoteya, Naohisa Yahagi, Mitsuru Kaise
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Endoscopists must maneuver both endoscope and treatment device during procedures, requiring them to release their hand from the scope to manipulate the treatment device. Aiming to improve this situation, we developed a new device called the Thumb Drive. <b>Patients and methods:</b> The Thumb Drive comprises a controller and catheter. After attaching the controller to the endoscope’s grip, the catheter is inserted into the forceps channel. The treatment device is then inserted into the Thumb Drive and fixed with its tip protruding from the endoscope tip. A single endoscopist resected 10 lesions in a porcine stomach by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) using the Thumb Drive. <b>Results:</b> All lesions were resected en bloc using this new device without any perforations. The mean incision, dissection, and operative times were 97.2 ± 48.7 seconds, 121.6 ± 53.6 seconds, and 218.8 ± 67.8 seconds, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> The Thumb Drive enables the endoscopist to manipulate the treatment device with the thumb while handling the endoscope with the right hand during ESD. Its utility should be examined in in vivo studies as a next step.