tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sex and the boards
Authors: M H Jacobs, L K Flowers
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

In 1978 a questionnaire on the functioning of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology was mailed to a sample of APA members. The authors present the significant differences in responses between men and women psychiatrists. A higher percentage of women than men were among thoes who had experienced stress from the time and effort involved in taking the Board examinations and from fear of the oral examination; 45% of the women respondents who had received certification had done so since 1975 versus 23% for the men. The authors discuss possible explanations for the sex differences, including role strain, and suggest greater flexibility in where , when, and how Board examinations can be taken.
Anti-proliferative activity of the mTOR inhibitor AP23573 in combination with cytotoxic and targeted agents
Authors: Victor M. Rivera, Hao Tang, Chester A. Metcalf, Terence P. Keenan, Rajeswari Sundaramoorthi, Shuangying Liu, Tim Clackson
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

3887  Background: AP23573 is a novel non-prodrug analog of rapamycin that inhibits mTOR signalling in tumors, leading to cell cycle arrest, tumor cell shrinkage and inhibition of angiogenesis. We have previously demonstrated that the compound potently inhibits the proliferation of human-derived tumor cell lines in vitro, and that these effects are additive with those of camptothecin, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. AP23573 is now being evaluated in phase 1 clinical trials in cancer patients. Methods: To guide future clinical studies, we used cellular proliferation assays to evaluate the effects of combinations of AP23573 with the cytotoxic agents docetaxel, doxorubicin, cisplatin and topotecan, as well as the targeted anti-tumor agents including trastuzumab, imatinib, and an EGFR inhibitor on a range of human-derived tumor cell lines in vitro. Drugs were added simultaneously to cells and incubated for 72 hours prior to assay. Data were analyzed for additivity by both the fractional product and median effect methods of analysis. Results: Analysis using the fractional product method demonstrated that the effects of AP23573 were additive with those of the cytotoxic agents docetaxel, doxorubicin, cisplatin and topotecan on breast (MCF-7), ovarian (SKOV3) and endometrial (AN3CA) tumor cell lines. AP23573 also showed additive anti-tumor effects with trastuzumab and an EGFR inhibitor on the breast tumor cell lines BT-474 and SKBR-3 respectively, and with imatinib on BCR-ABL-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K562. Analysis using the median effect method indicated that some of the combinations may be synergistic over certain concentration ranges. Equivalent results were obtained whether cells were assayed using a cell viability/ metabolic activity assay or a direct assay for proliferation (BrdU incorporation). Future studies will include those in which drugs are added in sequence rather than simultaneously, and in vivo evaluation of drug combinations in xenograft models. Conclusions: These studies demonstrate that AP23573 has the potential to be successfully combined with a broad variety of cytotoxic or targeted agents to treat a variety of cancers.
Premenstrual syndromes: overview from a methodologic perspective
Authors: D R Rubinow, P Roy-Byrne
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

The authors review the available evidence regarding the nature, cause, and treatment of the premenstrual syndromes. They attribute the contradictory results of various studies and the current theoretical confusion in the area to the failure of investigators to carefully define the syndromes, formulate a set of answerable questions, and select a homogeneous population before initiating their studies. The relationship between premenstrual syndromes and major psychiatric disorders, as well as the clinical and theoretical relevance of the menstrual cycle to major psychiatric disorders, is discussed. The authors offer recommendations to both investigators and clinicians for more careful observation and documentation of the relationship between mood disorders and the menstrual cycle.
MEDICAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF VENEREAL DISEASES
Authors: H. W. Barber, M. Liston, C. H. Browning, C. H. Mills, J. C. Buckley, A. L. McIlroy, E. T. Burke, W. W. Powell, A. Cambell, H. Semon, E. R. T. Clarkson, Alexr. M. Simpson, W. Fox, K. Walker, A. M. Fraser, D. Watson, L. W. Harrison, A. Wilson, M. Hay, F. P. Wilson, F. S. Kidd, R. Forgan, D. Lees
Journal: BMJ (1922)
Sodium Excretion and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Katherine T. Mills, Jing Chen, Wei Yang, Lawrence J. Appel, John W. Kusek, Arnold Alper, Patrice Delafontaine, Martin G. Keane, Emile Mohler, Akinlolu Ojo, Mahboob Rahman, Ana C. Ricardo, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Susan Steigerwalt, Raymond Townsend, Jiang He
Journal: JAMA (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with the general population. Prior studies have produced contradictory results on the association of dietary sodium intake with risk of CVD, and this relationship has not been investigated in patients with CKD. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the association between urinary sodium excretion and clinical CVD events among patients with CKD. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A prospective cohort study of patients with CKD from 7 locations in the United States enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study and followed up from May 2003 to March 2013. <h3>Exposures</h3> The cumulative mean of urinary sodium excretion from three 24-hour urinary measurements and calibrated to sex-specific mean 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> A composite of CVD events defined as congestive heart failure, stroke, or myocardial infarction. Events were reported every 6 months and confirmed by medical record adjudication. <h3>Results</h3> Among 3757 participants (mean age, 58 years; 45% women), 804 composite CVD events (575 heart failure, 305 myocardial infarction, and 148 stroke) occurred during a median 6.8 years of follow-up. From lowest (&lt;2894 mg/24 hours) to highest (≥4548 mg/24 hours) quartile of calibrated sodium excretion, 174, 159, 198, and 273 composite CVD events occurred, and the cumulative incidence was 18.4%, 16.5%, 20.6%, and 29.8% at median follow-up. In addition, the cumulative incidence of CVD events in the highest quartile of calibrated sodium excretion compared with the lowest was 23.2% vs 13.3% for heart failure, 10.9% vs 7.8% for myocardial infarction, and 6.4% vs 2.7% for stroke at median follow-up. Hazard ratios of the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile were 1.36 (95% CI, 1.09-1.70;<i>P</i> = .007) for composite CVD events, 1.34 (95% CI, 1.03-1.74;<i>P</i> = .03) for heart failure, and 1.81 (95% CI, 1.08-3.02;<i>P</i> = .02) for stroke after multivariable adjustment. Restricted cubic spline analyses of the association between sodium excretion and composite CVD provided no evidence of a nonlinear association (<i>P</i> = .11) and indicated a significant linear association (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Among patients with CKD, higher urinary sodium excretion was associated with increased risk of CVD.
Four years of surveillance of recent HIV infections at country level, France, mid 2003 – 2006: Experience and perspectives
Authors: C Semaille, F Cazein, J Pillonel, F Lot, S Le Vu, R Pinget, J  C Desenclos, F Barin
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

New systems of surveillance to better monitor the dynamics of HIV are needed. A national surveillance of new HIV diagnoses which included the collection of dried serum spots (DSS) to identify recent infections (<6 months) using an EIA-RI assay was implemented in 2003 in France. The collection of DSS is based on the voluntary participation by both patients and microbiologists. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with recent infection (RI). Between July 2003 and December 2006, 14,155 cases newly diagnosed for HIV were reported. A minority of patients refused the collection of DSS (3.3%) and the rate of participation of laboratories was 80%. The test was performed for 10,855 newly diagnosed HIV cases, the overall proportion of RI was 23.1% (95% CI, 22.3%-23.9%). The proportion of RI was higher among men who have sex with men (MSM) (42.8%) than among heterosexuals (16.3%). Among heterosexuals, it varied by current nationality: 27% among French versus 8.4% among Africans. The risk of RI was greater for MSM (aOR=1.8), those of French nationality (aOR=3.9), those with high-economic status (aOR=1.2), those tested after a risk exposure (aOR=1.4), those tested for HIV three or more times during their lifetime (aOR=2.5). The risk of RI decreased with age. A nation-wide implementation of RI monitoring is feasible. The information on RI is very useful for renewing prevention messages, particularly among population in which HIV transmission is on going, such as MSM.
Development and Implementation of a Medical Oncology Quality Improvement Tool for a Regional Community Oncology Network: The Fox Chase Cancer Center Partners Initiative
Authors: Margaret A. O'Grady, Elena Gitelson, Ramona F. Swaby, Lori J. Goldstein, Elaine Sein, Patricia Keeley, Bonnie Miller, Tianyu Li, Alan Weinstein, Steven J. Cohen
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2007)

Fox Chase Cancer Center Partners (FCCCP) is a community hospital/academic partnership consisting of 25 hospitals in the Delaware Valley. Originally created in 1986, FCCCP promotes quality community cancer care through education, quality assurance, and access to clinical trial research. An important aspect of quality assurance is a yearly medical oncology audit that benchmarks quality indicators and guidelines and provides a roadmap for quality improvement initiatives in the community oncology clinical office setting. Each year, the FCCCP team and the Partner Medical Oncologists build disease site- and stage-specific indicators based on National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Concordance with multiple indicators is assessed on 20 charts from each community practice. A report for each FCCCP medical oncology practice summarizes documentation, screening recommendations, new drug use, and research trends in a particular disease site. Descriptive statistics reflect indicators met, number of new cases seen per year, number of disease site cases from tumor registry information, and clinical trial accrual total. Education and documentation tools are provided to physicians and oncology office nursing staff. The FCCCP Clinical Operations Team, consisting of medical oncologists and oncology-certified nurses, has conducted quality audits in medical oncology offices for 7 years using NCCN-derived indicators. Successful audits comprising gastric, colorectal, and breast cancer have been the focus of recent evaluations. For the 2005 stage II/III breast cancer evaluation, mean compliance per parameter was 88%, with 15 of 16 practices achieving mean compliance greater than 80%. A large-scale quality assurance audit in a community cancer partner network is feasible. Recent evaluation of localized breast cancer shows high compliance with guidelines and identifies areas for focused education. Partnership between academic and community oncologists produces a quality review process that is broadly applicable and adaptable to changing medical knowledge.
Trazodone and priapism
Authors: M Scher, J N Krieger, S Juergens
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

Trazodone, an antidepressant with antianxiety effects, has been available in the United States since March 1982. Since then 11 cases of priapism, five requiring surgical procedures, have been reported. The authors present one of the latter cases.
Comparison of Eligibility Criteria Between Protocols, Registries, and Publications of Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Sheng Zhang, Fei Liang, Wenfeng Li, Ian Tannock
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2016)

Trial registration and public accessibility of appended or published protocols of phase III randomized clinical trials (RCTs) allow comparison of reported research with essential aspects of trial design. We determined how eligibility criteria of participants specified in protocols were described in trial registries and articles of 255 cancer RCTs published in leading journals. The mean proportion of matching eligibility criteria between protocols and publications per trial (the primary endpoint) was 44.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 40.8% to 47.3%). Almost all discrepancies in eligibility criteria (96.7%, 95% CI = 96.1% to 97.3%) suggested to readers of articles that a broader study population was included. The mean proportion of matching eligibility criteria between protocols and registries was 72.9% (95% CI = 68.2% to 77.7%, the secondary endpoint). We conclude that there are substantial differences in eligibility criteria between trial protocols, registries and articles. Inaccurate reporting of eligibility criteria may prevent appropriate assessment of the applicability of trial results.
Abstract P2-09-17: Frequency of large rearrangements in BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, CHEK2, and PALB2 in hereditary cancer testing
Authors: J Bissonnette, K Doonanco, Z Xu, RT Klein, KS Hruska
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Objectives Large deletions and duplications are recognized as a cause of many inherited cancer syndromes; however, few studies have examined the frequency. In one study, large rearrangements accounted for 11-14% of pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and 1-3% of pathogenic variants in BRCA2 (Judkins 2012). Additionally, in a study of invasive ovarian cancer patients, large deletions and duplications accounted for 6% of BRCA1 and 3% of BRCA2 pathogenic variants (Zhang 2011). The frequency of large deletions and duplications in moderate penetrance genes, such as ATM, CHEK2, and PALB2, has not been carefully studied. We therefore sought to determine the frequency of pathogenic and likely pathogenic (P/LP) large deletions and duplications in BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, CHEK2, and PALB2. Methods We analyzed a consecutive case series of patients who had BRCA1/2 and cancer panel testing. The data were analyzed to determine the percentage of deletions or duplications of greater than 250 bp identified on array comparative genome hybridization as a percentage of all pathogenic variants (PVs)/likely pathogenic variants (LPVs) in each of BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, CHEK2, and PALB2. Results Large deletions/duplications accounted for 10.1% (55/545) of cases with a BRCA1 PV/LPV and 1.8% (10/556) of cases with a BRCA2 PV/LPV. By ethnicity, BRCA1/2 large deletions/duplications accounted for a higher fraction of PV/LPVs in Asians (11.3%) and Hispanics (8.1%). In Hispanic individuals, all of the large deletions/duplications were identified in BRCA1, accounting for 14.6% of all BRCA1 PV/LPV in this group. In the moderate penetrance genes, large deletions/duplications accounted for 4.6% (9/195), 5.1% (22/436), and 9.9% (13/132) of cases with a PV/LPV in ATM, CHEK2, and PALB2, respectively. There were two recurrent deletions in our cohort: the CHEK2 founder Slavic deletion of exons 9-10 observed in 16 of our cases, and a deletion of exon 11 in PALB2 observed in 6 cases. Conclusions Large deletions/duplications account for a substantial proportion of clinically significant variants in hereditary cancer genes. The proportion of large deletions/duplications in BRCA1 and BRCA2 reported here is similar to previous data. However, our cohort suggests that Asian individuals may have a higher proportion of mutations due to large deletions/duplications than previously reported. Among moderate risk cancer genes, PALB2 has the highest proportion of large deletions/duplications. Citation Format: Bissonnette J, Doonanco K, Xu Z, Klein RT, Hruska KS. Frequency of large rearrangements in BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, CHEK2, and PALB2 in hereditary cancer testing. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-09-17.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes Between Adult and Pediatric Patients (pts) with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD): 3-Year (y) Follow-up in a Prospective, Longitudinal, Noninterventional Registry Trial
Authors: Matthew M. Heeney, Brad Baltz, Patricia Adams-Graves, Elizabeth Yang, Carole Paley, Jason Esposito, Katie McNamara, Elliott Vichinsky, Alex George
Journal: Blood (2014)
Abstract P3-12-21: Post-mastectomy radiotherapy for T3N0 breast cancers: A retrospective, multi-institution review
Authors: JE Frandsen, G Cannon, M Poppe
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Purpose The role of post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) for node-negative breast cancers that are larger than five centimeters remains undefined. The purpose of this study was to report outcomes for women with T3N0 breast cancers treated with and without PMRT. Methods T3N0 breast cancers diagnosed between 1985 and 2014 were collected from the tumor registries of two large healthcare systems. For the purpose of our analysis, patients were divided into two groups: (1) women who received PMRT and (2) those who did not receive PMRT. Chi-square and students t-tests were used to compare baseline characteristics. Kaplan Meier estimates were used to analyze freedom from locoregional recurrence (FFLR), relapse free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS). Results This analysis identified 93 women with T3N0 breast cancers. Of these, 53 received PMRT and 40 did not. Median follow up was 6.2 years and 5.3 years in the non-PMRT and PMRT cohorts, respectively. Women not undergoing PMRT were more likely to be diagnosed in the 1980s and 1990s than women receiving PMRT (p&amp;lt; 0.05). Adjuvant chemotherapy and endocrine therapy were less frequently given in patients not receiving PMRT (p&amp;lt;0.05), again associated with an earlier treatment era. There was a trend toward increased FFLR in the women receiving PMRT (p=0.15). FFLR in the PMRT cohort was 97.9% and 97.9% at five and ten years, respectively. For women not receiving PMRT, FFLR was 88.4% and 88.4% at five and ten years, respectively. RFS (p=0.66) and OS (p=0.48) were similar. Conclusions Women not receiving PMRT in our study had a locoregional failure rate of only 11.6% at ten years despite receiving inferior systemic treatment by current standards. Locoregional control after PMRT for T3N0 breast cancers was excellent with a 2.1% failure rate at ten years. Further research is needed to define PMRT indications for this patient population when receiving chemotherapy and endocrine therapy in line with current guidelines. Citation Format: Frandsen JE, Cannon G, Poppe M. Post-mastectomy radiotherapy for T3N0 breast cancers: A retrospective, multi-institution review. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-12-21.
Integrase inhibitor versus protease inhibitor based regimen for HIV-1 infected women (WAVES): a randomised, controlled, double-blind, phase 3 study
Authors: Kathleen Squires, Cissy Kityo, Sally Hodder, Margaret Johnson, Evgeny Voronin, Debbie Hagins, Anchalee Avihingsanon, Ellen Koenig, Shuping Jiang, Kirsten White, Andrew Cheng, Javier Szwarcberg, Huyen Cao
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2016)
Faecal microbiota profiles as diagnostic biomarkers in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Malte Christoph Rühlemann, Femke-Anouska Heinsen, Roman Zenouzi, Wolfgang Lieb, Andre Franke, Christoph Schramm
Journal: Gut (2016)

Dear Sir,

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a progressive disease of unknown aetiology. The presumed involvement of the gut–liver axis in disease pathogenesis1 has prompted investigations into mucosal2 and faecal intestinal microbiota composition, as has been reported by Kummen et al 3 in this journal. Microbiota as diagnostic biomarkers of disease are of interest from the clinician’s point of view and Kummen et al 3 have suggested a panel of taxa and even a single genus ( Veillonella ) with a reasonable diagnostic accuracy differentiating PSC and healthy controls (HCs).

We here report on a cohort study from northern Germany, using stool samples of 98 HC subjects, 73 patients with well-characterised PSC and 88 subjects with UC for 16S rDNA sequencing of the V1-V2 variable region. The PSC subgroup included 38 subjects with concomitant UC (PSC-UC). The data were subjected to quality control and operational taxonomic units (OTU) picking according to the methods described.3 Of the 12 taxa proposed to be differentially abundant in …
Mitochondria-Targeted Analogues of Metformin Exhibit Enhanced Antiproliferative and Radiosensitizing Effects in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Gang Cheng, Jacek Zielonka, Olivier Ouari, Marcos Lopez, Donna McAllister, Kathleen Boyle, Christy S. Barrios, James J. Weber, Bryon D. Johnson, Micael Hardy, Michael B. Dwinell, Balaraman Kalyanaraman
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Metformin (Met) is an approved antidiabetic drug currently being explored for repurposing in cancer treatment based on recent evidence of its apparent chemopreventive properties. Met is weakly cationic and targets the mitochondria to induce cytotoxic effects in tumor cells, albeit not very effectively. We hypothesized that increasing its mitochondria-targeting potential by attaching a positively charged lipophilic substituent would enhance the antitumor activity of Met. In pursuit of this question, we synthesized a set of mitochondria-targeted Met analogues (Mito-Mets) with varying alkyl chain lengths containing a triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP+). In particular, the analogue Mito-Met10, synthesized by attaching TPP+ to Met via a 10-carbon aliphatic side chain, was nearly 1,000 times more efficacious than Met at inhibiting cell proliferation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Notably, in PDAC cells, Mito-Met10 potently inhibited mitochondrial complex I, stimulating superoxide and AMPK activation, but had no effect in nontransformed control cells. Moreover, Mito-Met10 potently triggered G1 cell-cycle phase arrest in PDAC cells, enhanced their radiosensitivity, and more potently abrogated PDAC growth in preclinical mouse models, compared with Met. Collectively, our findings show how improving the mitochondrial targeting of Met enhances its anticancer activities, including aggressive cancers like PDAC in great need of more effective therapeutic options. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3904–15. ©2016 AACR.
Stressful life events and psychiatric hospitalization of mentally retarded patients
Authors: L S Stack, C V Haldipur, M Thompson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

The authors compared the type and number of life events experienced by 19 mentally retarded patients and 19 nonretarded control subjects in the month before their admission to the same unit of a state mental hospital. The retarded patients had exhibited fewer changes in eating and other personal habits. On admission they presented fewer signs of intrapsychic disturbance but more of self-destruction or aggression. These results imply that clinicians need specific training to diagnose and treat psychiatric disorders in the mentally retarded patients who now use community mental health facilities, because their presentations may be atypical.