tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Appearance of Nephritis Associated with Type 57 Streptococcal Impetigo in North America
Authors: Patricia Ferrieri, Adnan S. Dajani, S. Stephen Chapman, Jonathan B. Jensen, Lewis W. Wannamaker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Four cases of acute glomerulonephritis associated with M-Type 57 streptococcus occurred at the Red Lake Indian Reservation during the summer of 1969. Prospective studies point to the skin as the initial site of infection in these patients. Two patients and four siblings were under continuous observation for more than a month before and after development of nephritis. In all patients with nephritis throat cultures were negative for Group A streptococci, and no pharyngitis preceded onset. In four of the six children from the nephritis family, the M-57 strain was isolated from normal skin sites before development of skin lesions. In all cases, appearance of the strain on the normal skin preceded recovery from the upper respiratory tract. In two patients with renal disease the nephritogenic strain reappeared on normal skin after antibiotic therapy, followed by recurrence of skin lesions due to Type 57 in one patient.
Staphylococcal Contamination of Mattresses and Blankets on a Surgical Ward under Nonepidemic Conditions
Authors: Chester W. Howe, Thomas F. Silva, Alice T. Marston, David D. B. Woo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

BLANKETS and mattresses used on hospital beds have been indicted as important reservoirs of staphylococci and have been incriminated as being responsible for crossinfection between patients and personnel.Blowers and Wallace1 stated that blankets are largely responsible for the transfer of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci from patient to patient and should be washed and sterilized afresh for each new occupant of the beds. Other workers have found that Staphylococcus aureus was easily isolated from almost every blanket on hospital beds, and sometimes the colonies were too numerous to be counted. Blankets in the ward linen closet were found to be bacteriologically indistinguishable . . .
AB1254-HPR Decoding the Association of Celiac Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Using Clinical Risk Factors
Authors: L. Damiati, S. Bahlas, P. Pushparaj
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease, characterized by symmetric erosive synovitis, leading inevitably to the destruction of cartilage and bone as well as bursa and tendon sheaths of joints (1-2). Another ADs is celiac disease (CD) caused by the digestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals leading to inflammation and damage in the lining of small intestine (3). Moreover, recent studies have shown that RA patients could suffer from CD (4-5). <h3>Objectives</h3> In this study, we decode the association of CD in RA patients using key clinical risk factors. <h3>Methods</h3> Eighty-two RA patients were categorized into RA and RA with CD cohorts based on serum levels of Tissue Transglutaminase (IgA-TTG) autoantibodies. Besides, clinical parameters such as ESR, RF, CRP, MCV, anti-MCV, WBC, FBS, HbA1<sub>C</sub>, Albumin, Ca<sup>2+</sup> and VitD3 were analyzed in healthy volunteers, RA, and RA with CD cohorts respectively. <h3>Results</h3> Our results showed that RF, CRP, FBS, HbA1<sub>C</sub>, Anti-MCV, and IgA-TTG concentrations were significantly increased in both RA and RA with CD cohorts than healthy controls. IgA-TTG levels were significantly raised in RA with CD cohorts compared with RA. On the other hand, anti-MCV levels were significantly increased in RA compared to RA with CD group. Besides, both RA and RA with CD cohorts have significantly reduced levels of VitD3 and Albumin in the serum compared with healthy controls. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our study shows that RA and RA with CD cohorts have poor glycemic rheostat compared to healthy controls. Higher serum IgA-TTG levels in both RA and RA with CD cohorts indicate the susceptibility of RA patients to develop CD. The reduction in serum VitD3 levels in both RA and RA with CD associates further worsens disease prognosis. Our study, however, provide clue(s) for the differential diagnosis of RA patients with CD and guides in formulating personalized treatment programs for efficient therapeutic outcomes in these patients. <h3>References</h3> Zeman MN, Scott PJ. Current imaging strategies in rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012;2:174-220. Okada Y, Wu D, Trynka G, et al. Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis contributes to biology and drug discovery. Nature 2014;506:376-381. Lauret E, Rodrigo L. Celiac disease and autoimmune-associated conditions. Biomed Res Int 2013:127589. Meyer O. Is the celiac disease model relevant to rheumatoid arthritis? Joint Bone Spine 2004;71:4-6. Michelin CM, Aikawa NE, Diniz JC, et al. Association of systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis and celiac disease - a case report. Acta Reumatol Port 2011;36:404-407 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Chemical penetration enhancers in stratum corneum — Relation between molecular effects and barrier function
Authors: Quoc Dat Pham, Sebastian Björklund, Johan Engblom, Daniel Topgaard, Emma Sparr
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2016)

Skin is attractive for drug therapy because it offers an easily accessible route without first-pass metabolism. Transdermal drug delivery is also associated with high patient compliance and through the site of application, the drug delivery can be locally directed. However, to succeed with transdermal drug delivery it is often required to overcome the low permeability of the upper layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC). One common strategy is to employ so-called penetration enhancers that supposedly act to increase the drug passage across SC. Still, there is a lack of understanding of the molecular effects of so-called penetration enhancers on the skin barrier membrane, the SC. In this study, we provide a molecular characterization of how different classes of compounds, suggested as penetration enhancers, influence lipid and protein components in SC. The compounds investigated include monoterpenes, fatty acids, osmolytes, surfactant, and Azone. We employ natural abundance 13C polarization transfer solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) on intact porcine SC. With this method it is possible to detect small changes in the mobility of the minor fluid lipid and protein SC components, and simultaneously obtain information on the major fraction of solid SC components. The balance between fluid and solid components in the SC is essential to determine macroscopic material properties of the SC, including barrier and mechanical properties. We study SC at different hydration levels corresponding to SC in ambient air and under occlusion. The NMR studies are complemented with diffusion cell experiments that provide quantitative data on skin permeability when treated with different compounds. By correlating the effects on SC molecular components and SC barrier function, we aim at deepened understanding of diffusional transport in SC, and how this can be controlled, which can be utilized for optimal design of transdermal drug delivery formulations.
Factors associated with severity in invasive community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections in children: a prospective European multicentre study
Authors: M. Gijón, M. Bellusci, B. Petraitiene, A. Noguera-Julian, V. Zilinskaite, P. Sanchez Moreno, J. Saavedra-Lozano, D. Glikman, M. Daskalaki, P. Kaiser-Labusch, O. Falup-Pecurariu, C. Montagnani, L. Prieto, A. Gené, G. Trumpulyte, I. Kulecnikova, J.A. Lepe, E. Cercenado, R. Kudinsky, A. Makri, H.I. Huppertz, L. Bleotu, P. Cocchi, P. García-Hierro, A. Vitkauskiene, C. Fortuny, V. Zukovskaja, O. Neth, M. Santos, A. Rokney, M. Petra, R. Lixandru, L. Galli, S. Guillén, F. Chaves, P. Rojo Conejo
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2016)
Case 1-1976
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Daniel D. Federman, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 38-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of recurrent renal colic and diarrhea.She was well until eight years previously, when renal colic developed, and bilateral nephrocalcinosis was found. Five years before entry a diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism was made at another hospital; two parathyroid glands were removed, and one contained an adenoma. Hypercalcemia persisted postoperatively. One year before entry she began to pass several watery stools daily. The renal colic and diarrhea persisted, and she was admitted to this hospital for evaluation.A dizygotic twin sister had recurrent nephrolithiasis and had undergone . . .
An Assessment of Heart-Valve Abnormalities in Obese Patients Taking Dexfenfluramine, Sustained-Release Dexfenfluramine, or Placebo
Authors: Neil J. Weissman, John F. Tighe, John S. Gottdiener, John T. Gwynne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

The appetite-suppressant drug fenfluramine, usually given in combination with phentermine, has been reported to be associated with cardiac valvular regurgitation. Concern has been raised that the d-enantiomer of fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine, may also cause this problem. We were able to study the question by modifying an ongoing trial comparing sustained-release dexfenfluramine with regular dexfenfluramine and placebo.
Peritoneal Dialysis for Salt Poisoning
Authors: Norman L. Miller, Laurence Finberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

SALT poisoning in infancy constitutes a medical emergency because increased levels of sodium in serum are damaging to the central nervous system and may produce severe hemorrhagic encephalopathy.1 2 3 After diagnosis several methods may be considered for alleviating the disturbance by removal of excess sodium chloride. The one most commonly employed is the intravenous administration of glucose in water, a method that depends upon renal excretion to rid the body of excess ions. However, there is evidence that renal function may be impaired in hypernatremic states,4 so that sodium excretion is slower than one might otherwise anticipate. Thus, the devastating effects . . .
Clinical responses to AZD6244 (ARRY-142886)-based combination therapy stratified by gene mutations in patients with metastatic melanoma.
Authors: S. P. Patel, A. J. Lazar, S. Mahoney, C. Vaughn, N. Gonzalez, N. E. Papadopoulos, P. Liu, J. R. Infante, P. LoRusso, K. B. Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

8501 Background: BRAF and NRAS mutations (mut) occur in 50-60% and 15-20% of melanomas, respectively. As a consequence, MAPK signaling is frequently activated. To correlate clinical benefit of a MEK inhibitor with the mut status, we performed a genomic study using tumors of patients (pts) enrolled in a clinical study of AZD6244 (a selective MEK inhibitor)-containing combination regimens. Methods: Pts ≥ 18 years of age with advanced solid tumors and a WHO performance status 0–1 were enrolled in a phase I trial of AZD6244 in combination with one of 3 drugs in 3-week (q3w) treatment cycles: dacarbazine (DTIC) 1000 mg/m2 iv q3w or docetaxel (Doc) 75 mg/m2 iv q3w or temsirolimus (Tems) 25 mg iv weekly. Oral AZD6244 was given at 50–75 mg twice daily continuously. Responses were assessed every 2 cycles per RECIST. In pts with available archived tumor samples, BRAF and NRAS were genotyped by pyrosequencing. Results: Among 25 pts with metastatic melanoma who received one of the combination regimens, tumor samples from 18 pts (14 in DTIC, 3 in Doc, 1 in Tems arms) were analyzed. NRAS sequencing on one sample was unsuccessful. Median age was 58 and, among these pts, 5 (28%) and 9 (50%) pts had a response and stable disease, respectively. Overall, 9 (50%) pts harbored BRAF mut (8 V600E; 1 nonclassical R600 nonsense mut), and 4 (22%) harbored NRAS mut (2 Q61R; 1 Q61K; 1 G12S). These muts were mutually exclusive in each case. Of interest, all 5 responders had BRAF mut, and none of the pts with BRAF mut had early disease progression. Presence of BRAF mut was significantly associated with both clinical responses and increased time to progression (TTP). While the number of patients analyzed is small, the trend toward clinical benefit in pts with BRAF mut is inferred. Conclusions: Our analyses showed a trend toward response and clinical benefit in patients who harbor a BRAF gene mut. Responses PR p*SD TTP (wks) PD p*> 12 Median TTP (wks) p**≤ 12 BRAF mut (n = 9) 5 4 0 0.009 9 0 0.009 31 0.01 WT (n = 9) 0 5 4 3 6 8 NRAS mut (n = 4) 0 3 1 0.76 2 2 0.58 15.5 0.95 WT (n = 13) 4 6 3 9 4 17 * Fisher's exact test. ** Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration AstraZeneca
P-157 Mitomycin C, 5-Fluorouracyl and Doxorubicin combination as a second-line chemotherapy in unresectable and metastatic biliary tract carcinoma: results of the first stage
Authors: A. Kuchar, R. Stec, L. Bodnar, K. Ostaszewski, J. Korniluk, C. Szczylik
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
The era of oral drugs in oncology: What do patients think about their efectiveness?
Authors: B. Homet, R. Hitt, I. Ghanem, D. Malón, H. Cortés-Funes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e20600 Background: With the growing number of drugs available for the treatment of cancer, most of them of oral administration, some aspects of the everyday clinical practice are changing. Interesting is the opinion of the patients (pts) about oral therapy. Methods: We researched differences in preference, tolerance, effectiveness, and safety by means of the delivery of a survey to (pts) who had received oral and intravenous (IV) treatment. One hundred and ninety (pts) were enrolled from September to November 2008. Results: Seventy percent of the (pts) studied were women, the median age at diagnosis was 60 years (range, 28 - 91 years). Fifty percent had gynaecologic tumors; thirty percent digestive; eighteen percent lung cancer and two percent other tumors, with a median of 3 different lines of therapy (range, 1 to 9). Patients preferred the oral route over the IV (76% vs. 20% respectively; P&lt;0.001) and four percent had no preference. Tolerance was better with oral therapy (64%) than with (IV) chemotherapy (CT) (36%; P&lt;0.001). When the (pts) were asked for effectiveness, sixty percent of them considered the (IV) chemotherapy more effective, while eleven percent chose oral therapy and twenty-nine percent found both equally effective (p&lt;0.001). Sixty one percent of the (pts) evaluated as more secure (IV) chemotherapy, while eight percent did so with oral therapy and thirty one percent did not think that differences existed with one or another route of administration (p&lt; 0.001). Conclusions: The constant evolution in cancer therapy and the increasing participation of (pts) in therapeutic decisions makes it imperative to know the opinion of (pts) on these new treatments. When patients are asked for tolerance or preference, the majority of them choose the oral route. However, when asked about important issues such as effectiveness or safety that offers a treatment, most of them prefer the intravenous route. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Optimal Definition of Target Volumes in Lung-Sparing Pleural Radiotherapy for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (Mpm)
Authors: A. Botticella, G. Defraene, K. Nackaerts, C. Deroose, J. Coolen, P. Nafteux, S. Peeters, D. De Ruysscher
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Poxvirus Dilemmas — Monkeypox, Smallpox, and Biologic Terrorism
Authors: J G Breman, D A Henderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

More than 20 years have passed since the last case of smallpox was confirmed and 18 years since the International Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication of the World Health Organization (WHO) concluded that the global eradication of smallpox had been achieved.1,2 Now, new dilemmas confront the world. Could recent outbreaks of human monkeypox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (known as Zaire from 1971 to 1997)3–5 represent the return of another form of smallpox?6 Could variola (smallpox) virus be used as a weapon of biologic terrorism? And what are the implications of the decision of . . .
Expression of CD138 / syndecan-1 in triple-negative breast cancer – correlative study of GeparSixto
Authors: G. von Minckwitz, B.M. Pfitzner, V. Müller, P.A. Fasching, T. Karn, C. Schem, K. Schönfeld, T. Häder, S. Loibl, C. Denkert
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Role of nucleolin and Ebp1 in regulation of bcl-2 mRNA stability in human leukemia HL-60 cells
Authors: Sudeep K. Bose, Tapas K. Sengupta, Sumita Bandyopadhyay, Lisa Zuraw, David Burmeister, Daniel J. Fernandes, Eleanor K. Spicer
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

1856   Overexpression of Bcl-2 is associated with the development of a variety of cancers and may contribute to the emergence of cellular resistance to anticancer drugs. In previous studies we observed that taxol or okadaic acid (OA) treatment of human leukemia HL-60 cells leads to downregulation of bcl-2 mRNA levels through destabilization of bcl-2 mRNA. The 3’-untranslated region of bcl-2 mRNA contains an AU-rich element (ARE) which appears to play a role in the regulation of bcl-2 mRNA half life. Previous UV cross-linking studies demonstrated that ∼ 6 proteins in HL-60 cell extracts bind to bcl-2 ARE RNA. It was subsequently found that the phosphoprotein nucleolin is one of the proteins in HL-60 extracts that binds to bcl-2 ARE- RNA both in vitro and in vivo. In an effort to identify additional bcl-2 mRNA binding proteins, HL-60 cytoplasmic proteins were fractionated by bcl-2 ARE RNA affinity chromatography. MALDI-MS analysis identified a novel ARE- binding protein as the 44 kDa proliferation associated protein, Ebp 1. Gel shift assays demonstrated that recombinant Ebp 1 binds specifically to bcl-2 ARE RNA. RNA co-immunoprecipitation assays further revealed that Ebp 1 binds to bcl-2 mRNA in vivo. Ebp 1 also co-precipitates with anti-nucleolin antibody from HL-60 cells, suggesting that Ebp 1 and nucleolin are present in the same bcl-2 ribonucleoprotein complex. To further characterize nucleolin:bcl-2 mRNA interactions, recombinant fragments of nucleolin have been purified that contain RNA binding domains 1 and 2 (RBD1,2) or domains 3 and 4 (RBD3,4), as well domains 1,2, 3 and 4 (RBD 1-4). Preliminary gel shift assays suggest that nucleolin RBD1,2 binds ARE RNA with a higher affinity than nucleolin RBD3,4. Experiments are in progress to identify the important features of bcl-2 ARE RNA that are required for binding by both nucleolin and Ebp 1. [Supported by grant CA83925 from the NCI (to E.K.S.)]
Indigenous and tribal peoples' health (The Lancet–Lowitja Institute Global Collaboration): a population study
Authors: Ian Anderson, Bridget Robson, Michele Connolly, Fadwa Al-Yaman, Espen Bjertness, Alexandra King, Michael Tynan, Richard Madden, Abhay Bang, Carlos E A Coimbra, Maria Amalia Pesantes, Hugo Amigo, Sergei Andronov, Blas Armien, Daniel Ayala Obando, Per Axelsson, Zaid Shakoor Bhatti, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Peter Bjerregaard, Marius B Bjertness, Roberto Briceno-Leon, Ann Ragnhild Broderstad, Patricia Bustos, Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong, Jiayou Chu, None Deji, Jitendra Gouda, Rachakulla Harikumar, Thein Thein Htay, Aung Soe Htet, Chimaraoke Izugbara, Martina Kamaka, Malcolm King, Mallikharjuna Rao Kodavanti, Macarena Lara, Avula Laxmaiah, Claudia Lema, Ana María León Taborda, Tippawan Liabsuetrakul, Andrey Lobanov, Marita Melhus, Indrapal Meshram, J Jaime Miranda, Thet Thet Mu, Balkrishna Nagalla, Arlappa Nimmathota, Andrey Ivanovich Popov, Ana María Peñuela Poveda, Faujdar Ram, Hannah Reich, Ricardo V Santos, Aye Aye Sein, Chander Shekhar, Lhamo Y Sherpa, Peter Skold, Sofia Tano, Asahngwa Tanywe, Chidi Ugwu, Fabian Ugwu, Patama Vapattanawong, Xia Wan, James R Welch, Gonghuan Yang, Zhaoqing Yang, Leslie Yap
Journal: The Lancet (2016)
IMPS-37PRECISION IMMUNOPHENOTYPING OF TCR REPERTOIRES IN IMMUNOTHERAPEUTIC TREATMENT OF GLIOMA
Authors: Jennifer S. Sims, Boris Grinshpun, Yaping Feng, Timothy H. Ung, Justin A. Neira, Jorge L. Samanamud, Peter Canoll, Yufeng Shen, Peter A. Sims, Jeffrey N. Bruce
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Immunotherapy for glioblastoma (GBM) is the subject of numerous clinical trials due to the potential ability of the adaptive immune response to combat this diffusely infiltrating tumor. However, rational application of immunotherapy to these tumors is challenging because of the peculiar immune privilege of the brain and the molecular heterogeneity of glioma antigens. Little is known about patient-to-patient variability in the potential to generate anti-glioma immune responses of their systemic and local T cell populations. We conducted a foundational study of the population-wide characteristics of both the peripheral blood and local, tissue-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) of glioma patients using TCRseq. Through reverse transcription and pan-repertoire amplification of the TCR-alpha and -beta chains we generated TCRseq libraries from matched surgical tissue and peripheral blood cells. Using peripheral blood samples from primary GBM, low-grade glioma, and non-tumor patients (N = 14), we define new immunophenotypes using statistical metrics based on information theory - specifically, the clonality associated with antigen-binding function in the TCRs of TIL, and the antigen-binding associated divergence of the TIL population from the blood. We found that diversification of this repertoire was characteristic of high-grade tumors, and correlated strongly with the activation of specific immune and inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, we found strong correlation between usage of a subset of TCR sequences in patients' peripheral blood and the divergence of their TIL population from the peripheral repertoire. We anticipate that these immunophenotypes will be key to monitoring and predicting response to anti-glioma vaccines and immunotherapy, and understanding the immunological mechanisms determining their efficacy.
ACTH-Producing Tumor of the Pituitary Gland
Authors: Don H. Nelson, J. W. Meakin, James B. Dealy, Donald D. Matson, Kendall Emerson, George W. Thorn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THE association of adrenal hyperplasia with basophil tumors of the pituitary gland was first suggested by Cushing.1 This type of tumor has since been thought to be at least one cause of Cushing's syndrome, but no demonstration of elevated levels of ACTH has been reported in the plasma of patients with this condition. The case described below is that of a patient who, three years after bilateral adrenalectomy for hyperadrenocorticism, was found to have a chromophobe tumor of the pituitary gland that was secreting large quantities of ACTH.Case ReportC.R. (P.B.B.H. 9G418), a 33-year-old married woman of Italian extraction, . . .
Five-Year Follow-up Study of Patients with Bleeding Duodenal Ulcer with and without Surgery
Authors: Robert M. Donaldson, Juanita Handy, Solomon Papper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THE literature concerning gastrointestinal bleeding as a complication of peptic ulcer is very extensive. Many of the studies reported, however, lack documentation of bleeding, proof of the presence of ulcer and, particularly, a specific appraisal of the frequency of recurrent hemorrhage after surgery for peptic ulcer.This report is concerned with the course of patients with well documented gastrointestinal bleeding and known duodenal ulceration over a period of five years or longer, as well as with the influence of subtotal gastrectomy upon the occurrence of subsequent gastrointestinal bleeding.The data emphasize the long-term prognostic gravity of bleeding as a manifestation . . .