tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case 26-1983
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Daniel K. Podolsky, G. Richard Dickersin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Presentation of CaseA 65-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a question of recurrent pancreatitis.She was well until five years earlier, when she experienced an attack of pain in the epigastrium, right upper quadrant, and back, accompanied by nausea and jaundice. Laboratory studies showed abnormal results of liver-function tests and an elevated amylase level. The episode subsided, but four bouts of identical symptoms occurred during the succeeding five years. Four months before admission, after the most recent episode of pain, an attempted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic (ERCP) examination performed at another hospital revealed a submucosal mass in . . .
OPTIMUM Dose of Thalidomide for Relapsed Multiple Myeloma.
Authors: Martin Kropff, Honorata Giongco Baylon, Jens Hillengass, Tadeusz Robak, Roman Hajek, Peter Liebisch, Stefan Goranov, Cyrille Hulin, Joan Blade, Tomaso Caravita, Herve Avet-Loiseau, Thomas M. Moehler, Claire Pattou, Lela Lucy, Elisabeth Kueenburg, Axel Glasmacher, Robert Zerbib, Thierry Facon
Journal: Blood (2009)
P41 Outcomes of patients transferred to Respiratory Care Unit (RCU) on tracheotomy ventilation: A 4 year experience: Abstract P41 Table 1
Authors: S Nisar, A Baluwala, MW Elliott, D Ghosh
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> RCU in Leeds admits patients who had tracheostomy in ICU as part of acute admission and are slow to wean from ventilation. We looked at the long-term outcomes of attempted weaning from ventilator support in terms of survival and level of support at discharge. We also looked at length of stay (LOS), underlying diagnosis and comorbidities. <h3>Methods</h3> Thirty one patients admitted to RCU as a step-down from ICU between October 2011 and July 2014 were included. Patients were identified using database and data was collected from electronic records and inpatient notes. Patients were excluded if they had tracheostomy inserted on a previous admission. <h3>Results</h3> The demographics, length of stay on RCU and primary diagnosis leading to respiratory failure and intubation are described in Table 1. All except one patient had significant other comorbidities including muscular dystrophies, MND, COPD, IHD, etc. The average number of days spent in ICU after tracheostomy prior to step-down was 19+/-15. Eight (26%) patients died in hospital. Seventeen patients (55%) were discharged without any ventilatory support after decanulation, 3 required overnight NIV and 3 were discharged with tracheostomy ventilation. At 12 months post-discharge 16 (52%) patients were dead; 11 (35%) were not on any ventilatory support; 3 were continuing to be ventilated via tracheostomy, 1 remained on NIV. <h3>Discussion and conclusion</h3> Patients coming for weaning from trachy-ventilation represent a complex group with diverse aetiology and have multiple comorbidities. Their stay in a high dependency area is unpredictable and the LOS varies considerably. While a third of patients remained successfully weaned at one year they carry a high in-hospital and 1 year mortality. LOS is influenced by the complexity of discharge planning often including patients from outside our catchment area. Our RCU like many others are not staffed to look after more than 2 trachy-ventilated patients at any one time which combined with prolonged stay slows down patient flow form ICU. This highlights the need for dedicated units for weaning with a team that is able to look after complex needs in hospital and coordinate complex discharges.
Genetic Investigation Into the Differential Risk of Atrial Fibrillation Among Black and White Individuals
Authors: Jason D. Roberts, Donglei Hu, Susan R. Heckbert, Alvaro Alonso, Thomas A. Dewland, Eric Vittinghoff, Yongmei Liu, Bruce M. Psaty, Jeffrey E. Olgin, Jared W. Magnani, Scott Huntsman, Esteban G. Burchard, Dan E. Arking, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Tamara B. Harris, Marco V. Perez, Elad Ziv, Gregory M. Marcus
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2016)

White persons have a higher risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) compared with black individuals despite a lower prevalence of risk factors. This difference may be due, at least in part, to genetic factors.
Roles of telomeres and telomerase in cancer, and advances in telomerase-targeted therapies
Authors: Mohammad A. Jafri, Shakeel A. Ansari, Mohammed H. Alqahtani, Jerry W. Shay
Journal: Genome Medicine (2016)

Telomeres maintain genomic integrity in normal cells, and their progressive shortening during successive cell divisions induces chromosomal instability. In the large majority of cancer cells, telomere length is maintained by telomerase. Thus, telomere length and telomerase activity are crucial for cancer initiation and the survival of tumors. Several pathways that regulate telomere length have been identified, and genome-scale studies have helped in mapping genes that are involved in telomere length control. Additionally, genomic screening for recurrent human telomerase gene hTERT promoter mutations and mutations in genes involved in the alternative lengthening of telomeres pathway, such as ATRX and DAXX, has elucidated how these genomic changes contribute to the activation of telomere maintenance mechanisms in cancer cells. Attempts have also been made to develop telomere length- and telomerase-based diagnostic tools and anticancer therapeutics. Recent efforts have revealed key aspects of telomerase assembly, intracellular trafficking and recruitment to telomeres for completing DNA synthesis, which may provide novel targets for the development of anticancer agents. Here, we summarize telomere organization and function and its role in oncogenesis. We also highlight genomic mutations that lead to reactivation of telomerase, and mechanisms of telomerase reconstitution and trafficking that shed light on its function in cancer initiation and tumor development. Additionally, recent advances in the clinical development of telomerase inhibitors, as well as potential novel targets, will be summarized.
The efficacy and safety of gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatine (GDP) therapy for relapsed/refractory lymphoma
Authors: Kazuki Nozawa, Keiji Sugiyama, Yuta Hasegawa, Hiroyuki Nakamura, Daiki Hirano, Takashi Tokunaga, Yasuhiko Miyata, Akane Kunitomi, Hiroatsu Ida, Hirokazu Nagai
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
A randomized, multicenter, open-label, phase III study of gemcitabine-cisplatin (GC) chemotherapy plus necitumumab (IMC-11F8/LY3012211) versus GC alone in the first-line treatment of patients (pts) with stage IV squamous non-small cell lung cancer (sq-NSCLC).
Authors: Nick Thatcher, Fred R. Hirsch, Aleksandra Szczesna, Tudor-Eliade Ciuleanu, Wojciech Szafranski, Mircea Dediu, Rodryg Ramlau, Rinat Galiulin, Beatrix Bálint, Gyorgy Losonczy, Andrzej Kazarnowicz, Keunchil Park, Christian Schumann, Martin Reck, Luis Paz-Ares, Henrik Depenbrock, Shivani Nanda, Anamarija Kruljac-Letunic, Mark A. Socinski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

8008^ Background: Necitumumab (N), a human IgG1 anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, inhibits ligand-binding and receptor activation. EGFR is detectable in the vast majority of advanced sq-NSCLC tumors. Methods: Pts with pathologically proven stage IV sq-NSCLC were randomized 1:1 to GC (G=1250 mg/m² iv, days 1 and 8; C=75 mg/m² iv, day 1) plus N (800 mg iv, days 1 and 8) (GC+N arm), or GC alone (GC arm) every 21 days for up to 6 cycles. GC+N pts with no progression continued on N alone until progressive disease or intolerable toxicity. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and safety. EGFR protein expression level by immunohistochemistry (H-score) in tumor tissue was an exploratory analysis. Planned sample size was 1080 pts, with 90% power and a 2-sided alpha level of 0.05. Results: 1,093 pts were randomized (n=545, GC+N; n=548, GC). Baseline characteristics were balanced between GC+N and GC, respectively, including males (82.6% and 83.6%), ECOG PS 0/1 (91.0% and 91.2%), and PS 2 (9.0% and 8.6%). Exposure to chemotherapy was similar in both arms; median dose intensity (DI) for G and C was 86% and 95%, respectively, and DI for N was 94%. 51% of GC+N pts continued N alone for a median of 4 additional cycles. The addition of N to GC statistically significantly improved OS (HR=0.84, p=0.012) and PFS (HR=0.85, p=0.020); mOS was 11.5 vs 9.9 mo in GC and mPFS was 5.7 vs 5.5 mo in GC. ORR was 31% vs 29% in GC (p=0.400), and the disease control rate (DCR) was 82% vs 77% in GC (p=0.043). Post-progression anticancer therapy was similar (47% vs 45%). Several prespecified subgroup analyses of OS and PFS showed a consistent treatment effect, including pts with ECOG PS 2. Grade ≥3 adverse events with GC+N (measured by preferred MedDRA terms) that showed a >2% increase over GC were hypomagnesemia (8.7% vs 1.1%) and skin rash (3.7% vs 0.2%). Conclusions: The addition of N to GC statistically significantly improved OS, PFS, and DCR. The safety profile of GC+N is acceptable. Clinical trial information: NCT00981058.
Abstract POSTER-TECH-1119: Phylogenetic portraits of high grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Andrew McPherson, Andrew Roth, David Huntsman, Jessica McAlpine, Sohrab Shah
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOvCa) is characterized by genomic instability resulting from deficient DNA repair processes primarily due to TP53 mutation and BRCA abnormalities. Genomic instability has been shown to result in significant intratumoral heterogeneity, with temporally and spatially separated tumours exhibiting unique mutational profiles. A key unanswered question is whether genomic instability produces functionally relevant driver mutations, or whether the tumours complement of driver mutations predates the emergence of instability. We sought to reconstruct the evolutionary histories of the tumours of 8 HGSOvCa patients using spatial and temporal profiling of somatic mutations. For each patient, we collected multiple tumour biopsies resected from primary and metastatic sites at the time of surgery. We then used whole genome shotgun sequencing to identify somatic point mutation, rearrangement and copy number changes present at each site. We used novel computational techniques to unmix the signal produced by sequencing of a mixture of tumour cells, and infer the genomic architecture of clonal populations in each tumour sample. Additionally, we used phylogenetic inference techniques to reconstruct the ancestral relationships between the genomically distinct clones identified in each patient. We classified mutations as occurring ancestrally (before clonal divergence) or occurring on a descendent lineage. We identified multiple well known driver mutations occurring in descendent lineages of the tumour phylogeny, including mutations in CDKN2A, BCL6 and ERBB2. Aberrant site specific expression patterns were concomitant with genomic changes. Furthermore, we identified instances of convergent evolution, including independent deletion of wild type RAD51B in a patient with a germline RAD51B mutation. Reconstruction of clonal phylogenies enabled inference of metastatic spread. In one patient, a minor subclone of a right ovary tumour acquired an ERBB2 amplification, then subsequently populated all other metastatic sites sampled by the experiment. Finally, from our analyses we concluded that in many HGSOvCa, genomic instability and associated copy number changes result in the deletion of a significant number of point mutations, with implications for phylogenetic reconstruction using traditional techniques. Citation Format: Andrew McPherson, Andrew Roth, David Huntsman, Jessica McAlpine, Sohrab Shah. Phylogenetic portraits of high grade serous ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 10th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 8-9, 2014; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(16 Suppl):Abstract nr POSTER-TECH-1119.
Association of Chromosome 1q Gain With Inferior Survival in Favorable-Histology Wilms Tumor: A Report From the Children’s Oncology Group
Authors: Eric J. Gratias, Jeffrey S. Dome, Lawrence J. Jennings, Yueh-Yun Chi, Jing Tian, James Anderson, Paul Grundy, Elizabeth A. Mullen, James I. Geller, Conrad V. Fernandez, Elizabeth J. Perlman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

Purpose The goal of this study was to analyze the association of copy number gain of 1q in favorable-histology Wilms tumors (FHWTs) with event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) within each tumor stage and with 1p and 16q copy number loss and/or loss of heterozygosity. Methods Unilateral FHWTs from 1,114 patients enrolled in National Wilms Tumor Study-5 that were informative for 1p and 16q microsatellite markers (previously determined) and informative for 1q gain, 1p loss, and 16q loss using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification were analyzed. Results Eight-year EFS was 86% (95% CI, 84% to 88%) for the entire cohort. Of 1,114 patients, 317 tumors (28%) displayed 1q gain. Eight-year EFS was 77% for those with 1q gain and 90% for those lacking 1q gain (P &lt; .001). Eight-year OS was 88% for those with 1q gain and 96% for those lacking 1q gain (P &lt; .001). Within each disease stage, 1q gain was associated with inferior EFS (stage I, 85% v 95%; P = .0052; stage II, 81% v 87%; P = .0775; stage III, 79% v 89%; P = .01; stage IV, 64% v 91%; P = .001). OS was significantly inferior in patients with stage I (P &lt; .0015) and stage IV disease (P = .011). With multivariable analysis, 1q gain was associated with an increased relative risk of relapse of 2.4 (P &lt; .001), whereas 1p loss was not, despite significance on univariable analysis. Conclusion Gain of 1q is associated with inferior survival in unilateral FHWTs and may be used to guide risk stratification in future studies.
Readmission in COPD patients: should we consider it a marker of quality of care or a marker of a more severe disease with a worse prognosis?
Authors: Ernesto Crisafulli, Mónica Guerrero, Alfredo Chetta, Antoni Torres
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

In the January edition of the European Respiratory Journal , we read with interest the paper by Hartl et al . [1], which evaluated, from the European COPD Audit, patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and the mortality risk during hospitalisation and in the post-discharge period of 90 days. Moreover, the authors evaluate the risk of readmission in a period of 90 days from discharge. Readmission in COPD patients: a marker of quality of care or a more severe disease with a worse prognosis? <http://ow.ly/ZwIpW>
Differential Effects of IL6 and Activin A in the Development of Cancer-Associated Cachexia
Authors: Justin L. Chen, Kelly L. Walton, Hongwei Qian, Timothy D. Colgan, Adam Hagg, Matthew J. Watt, Craig A. Harrison, Paul Gregorevic
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Cachexia is a life-threatening wasting syndrome lacking effective treatment, which arises in many cancer patients. Although ostensibly induced by multiple tumor-produced cytokines (tumorkines), their functional contribution to initiation and progression of this syndrome has proven difficult to determine. In this study, we used adeno-associated viral vectors to elevate circulating levels of the tumorkines IL6 and/or activin A in animals in the absence of tumors as a tactic to evaluate hypothesized roles in cachexia development. Mice with elevated levels of IL6 exhibited 8.1% weight loss after 9 weeks, whereas mice with elevated levels of activin A lost 11% of their body weight. Co-elevation of both tumorkines to levels approximating those observed in cancer cachexia models induced a more rapid and profound body weight loss of 15.4%. Analysis of body composition revealed that activin A primarily triggered loss of lean mass, whereas IL6 was a major mediator of fat loss. Histologic and transcriptional analysis of affected organs/tissues (skeletal muscle, fat, and liver) identified interactions between the activin A and IL6 signaling pathways. For example, IL6 exacerbated the detrimental effects of activin A in skeletal muscle, whereas activin A curbed the IL6-induced acute-phase response in liver. This study presents a useful model to deconstruct cachexia, opening a pathway to determining which tumorkines are best targeted to slow/reverse this devastating condition in cancer patients. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5372–82. ©2016 AACR.
Inhibition of WT1 and bcl2 in leukemic cell lines by small interfering RNA (siRNA)
Authors: W. Glienke, E. Milz, N. Bauer, L. Bergmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

16504 The expression of Wilm‘s tumor gene-1 (wt1) and bcl-2 is considered to have a proliferating and survival supporting effect in leukemia blast cells. The downregulation of wt1 by means of antisense-oligonucleotides and ribozymes revealed an inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of cell death. Here we describe the effect of siRNA against wt1 and bcl-2 in leukemic cell lines. RT-PCR and western blot analyses were performed to examine wt1 and bcl-2 gene expression in transfected leukemia cell lines. Apoptosis was detected with FACS analysis. K562 and HL-60 cell lines transfected with wt1 siRNA showed decreasing levels of wt1 mRNA and protein expression after 24 and 48 hours. The cell proliferation was reduced between 45% and 76% 48 hours after transfection, and apoptosis increased from 6.6 % in control cells to 12.2 % 24 hours after transfection in transfected cells. 48 hours after transfection the amount of apoptotic cells increased up to 45 % in transfected cells. Bcl-2 siRNA only induced apoptosis in about 15% of the cells. The combination of wt1 and bcl-2 siRNA had no additive effect on the induction of apoptosis. The expression of wt1 seems to be more important for cell survival than expression of the anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2. We therefore consider siRNA targeting human wt1 as possible tool against leukemic cells overexpressing wt1. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Urinary free cortisol levels and dexamethasone suppression testing in organic affective disorder associated with hyperthyroidism
Authors: R G Kathol, J W Delahunt, R Cooke
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

Eleven of 32 newly diagnosed untreated patients with hyperthyroidism met DSM-III criteria for organic affective syndrome. Thirty of these patients submitted 24-hour urine specimens for measurement of urinary free cortisol levels, and 31 were given a 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) before antihyperthyroidism therapy was started. There was no difference in the mean +/- SD urinary free cortisol excretion levels between depressed and nondepressed hyperthyroid patients. One nondepressed patient demonstrated nonsuppression (greater than 5 micrograms/dl) at 8:00 a.m. These results suggest that cortisol abnormalities as reflected by urinary free cortisol levels and DST findings are uncommon in patients with hyperthyroidism whether they are depressed or nondepressed.
A Critical Study of Janus Green B Coloration as a Tool for Characterizing Mitochondria
Authors: Jane L. Showacre
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1953)

A Critical Study of Janus Green B Coloration as a Tool for Characterizing Mitochondria Get access Jane L. Showacre Jane L. Showacre National Microbiological Institute3, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 13, Issue 4, February 1953, Pages 829–845, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/13.4.829 Published: 01 February 1953 Article history Received: 10 July 1952 Published: 01 February 1953
The IOM Report and Public Health
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Detection of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Clones in Patients with Idiopathic Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Alejandro Lazo-Langner, Michael J. Kovacs, Ben Hedley, Fatimah Al-Ani, Michael Keeney, Martha L Louzada, Ian H. Chin-Yee
Journal: Blood (2014)
Fighting cancer in developing countries: a cooperative model of oncology service in uganda
Authors: C. Mazzara, S. Vari, V. Vaccaro, M. Pozzi, G. Corrado, A. Fabi, V. Anelli, A. Ceribelli, S. De Marco, G. Dell'Antonio, F. Aloi, A. Savarese
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Surgical experience with the modified Fontan procedure.
Authors: Coles Jg, Kielmanowicz S, Freedom Rm, Benson Ln, Moes F, Olley Pm, Rabinovitch M, Rosenberg H, Sherret H, Rowe Rd
Journal: Circulation (1987)

During a 10 year period 109 patients (3 months to 47 years old) underwent modifications of the Fontan procedure for repair of classic tricuspid atresia (TA) (n = 58), univentricular atrioventricular connection (UVH) (n = 38), or other complex malformations (CM) (n = 13). Among patients with TA, an atriopulmonary connection was used in 19 (33%) and incorporation of the right ventricle with the Bjork modification and with a right atrial-to-right ventricular valved conduit was used in 20 (34%) and in 19 (33%), respectively. Three of the latter 19 also underwent a combined Fontan-switch procedure. The hospital mortality rate was 13.8% (70% confidence limits, 9.3% to 18.3%) for patients with TA, 28.9% (70% confidence limits, 21.3% to 37.0%) for patients with UVH, and 7.7% (70% confidence limits, 0% to 15.4%) for patients with CM. Multivariate analysis identified with the following variables as risk factors for both early and late deaths: diagnosis of UVH, previous pulmonary artery banding (PAB), and postrepair right atrial pressure, and, in patients with TA, the use of a direct atriopulmonary connection (all variables, p less than .05). Morphometric lung biopsy scores were not different in patients with PAB, implicating the role of ventricular hypertrophy rather than pulmonary vascular disease as the mechanism for the adverse effect of PAB. Right atrial pressure was a predictor of serious late cardiac symptoms, which were present in 10% of eligible patients (p = .032). This review demonstrates a survival advantage with modifications of the Fontan procedure that incorporate the hypoplastic right ventricle in patients with TA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)