tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib: A comparison with previously known prognostic models.
Authors: K. Baek, J. Kim, J. Um, S. Park, J. Lee, J. Park, Y. Park, H. Lim, W. Kang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

323 Background: Sorafenib, a multiple-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is now the treatment of choice for systemic therapy of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein we present the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with advanced HCC who were treated with sorafenib. Methods: Data of 201 sorafenib-treated, metastatic HCC patients were collected from a single institution tumor registry. The primary and secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and failure-free survival (FFS). Results: Chronic hepatitis B was the predominant cause of HCC (84%).Of 162 evaluable patients, four partial responses were recorded. With a median follow-up of 15.7 months, the median FFS and OS were 2.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-2.7 months) and 5.3 months (95% CI, 4.4-6.3 months), respectively. In multivariate analysis, the prognostic factors associated with FFS were the presence of ascites, portal venous thrombosis, serum alpha- fetoprotein (AFP) ≥400 ng/mL, albumin, bilirubin, tumor size and number, and performance status. Likewise, the presence of ascites, portal venous thrombosis, tumor size and number, performance status, and baseline levels of AFP, albumin and bilirubin were significantly related with OS. After adjusting for performance status, the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) scoring system and Okuda stages can better predict the hazard of failure or death than Child-Pugh classification. Conclusions: Our results suggest that CLIP scores or Okuda stages, along with performance status, can be useful in stratifying patients with advanced HCC treated with sorafenib. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Analysis and characterization of subpopulations of circulating tumor cells in patients with breast cancer.
Authors: H. Bao, P. A. Burke, X. Chen, X. Shi, M. Czapiga, Y. Li, C. Groves, J. Huang, P. Brohawn, Y. Yao, L. Richman, T. M. LaVallee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

e21090 Background: Distant metastasis is the main cause of death in patients with breast cancer. Disseminated tumor cells are found in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Tumor cells in peripheral blood, called circulating tumor cells (CTCs), are a strong negative prognostic factor for overall survival in breast cancer patients. The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis proposes that a subpopulation of stem cell-like cells initiates and maintains tumor growth, metastasis and resistance to therapy. CSCs are characterized by their ability to self–renew, differentiate, and creat new tumors. Studies of tumor sections and bone marrow from breast cancer patients reveal that cells bearing the phenotype of EpCAM+CD44+CD24-/dim are putative tumor stem cells and may favor the development of distant metastasis. The objective of this study was to evaluate and characterize subpopulations of CTCs in breast cancer patients for CSC phenotypes by immunophenotyping and gene expression profiling. Methods: Breast cancer patients with more than 50 CTCs were selected for this study. Blood samples collected into CellSave tubes were enriched for CTCs using a Veridex Profile kit. CTCs were pulled down by magnetic beads conjugated with anti-EpCam antibody. Enriched samples were immunostained for various cell surface markers and then sorted by flow cytometric cell sorting. The immunophenotypes of CTCs were characterized by confocal microscopy. The gene expression profile of CTC subpopulations were analyzed by RT-PCR. Results: Different phenotypes of CTCs are found in breast cancer patients, including EpCAM+CD44-CD24-/dimCD45-, EpCAM+CD44+CD24-/dimCD45-, EpCAM+CD44+CD24+CD45-, and EpCAM+CD44+CD24+CD45dim. Of them, the putative cancer stem cell phenotype (EpCAM+CD44+CD24-/dimCD45-) accounts for 20-30 percent of the total CTCs. The expression of genes associated with stem cells, metastasis, and drug targets is assessed in different subsets of CTCs. Conclusions: These preliminary data support the existence of a CTC subset with a putative stem cell phenotype in breast cancer patients. The link between CTC subsets and clinical outcomes, metastasis, and response to therapy warrants further evaluation.
Disparities in prostate cancer treatment associated with population density of the county of residence.
Authors: Clint Cary, Anobel Odisho, Matthew R. Cooperberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

117 Background: We sought to assess disparities in primary treatment of prostate cancer by examining the effect of population density of the county of residence on treatment for clinically localized prostate cancer and quantify variation in primary treatment attributable to county and SEER site. Methods: Participants included 138,226 men with clinically localized prostate cancer who underwent surgery, radiation, or conservative therapy in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) database diagnosed in 2005 through 2008. Mixed effects hierarchical logit models were used to examine the effect of population density of the county of residence on treatment while accounting for the random effects of counties nested within SEER sites. In order to quantify the effect of county and SEER site on individual treatment, the percent of total variance in treatment attributable to county of residence and SEER site was estimated with residual intraclass correlation coefficients. Results: Men in metropolitan counties had 23% higher odds of being treated compared with men in rural counties, controlling for number of urologists per county as well as patient clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. Age, race/ethnicity, PSA at diagnosis, and tumor characteristics were also significant predictors of treatment in the multivariable model. The percent of variation in treatment attributable to the county of residence was consistently higher than that attributable to SEER site. 3% (95% CI: 1.2%-6.2%) of the total variation in treatment was attributable to SEER site, while 6% (95% CI: 4.3%-9.0%) of variation was attributable to county of residence, controlling for clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. This variation at the county and SEER site increased to 4% and 10%, respectively, when specific type of treatment (surgery or radiation) was assessed. Conclusions: Variation in treatment for localized prostate cancer exists for men living in different population dense counties of the country. These findings highlight the need for comparative effectiveness research and health policy initiatives to advance prostate cancer research and reduce disparities in current clinical practice.
Hypogammaglobulinaemia and Infectious Toxicity Related with the Use of Maintenance Strategies with Rituximab in B Lymphomas
Authors: Lucia García Mañó, Leyre Bento, Jordi Martinez-Serra, Antonio Salar, Jose Maria Sanchez Raga, Inés Herráez, Silvia Ruiz-de Gracia, Marta García-Recio, Mariana Ferraro, Francesc Garcia, Juan Besalduch, Antonia Sampol, Antonio Gutierrez
Journal: Blood (2015)
P1030 : The presence of white matter lesions is not associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease but with its histological severity
Authors: S. Petta, A. Tuttolomondo, C. Gagliardo, R. Zafonte, G. Brancatelli, D. Cabibi, C. Cammà, V. Di Marco, L. Galvano, A. Licata, F. Magliozzo, G. Merlino, M. Midiri, A. Pinto, A. Craxì
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Chemoprevention of basal cell carcinoma
Authors: F.R. Ali, E.E. Craythorne, F. Al-Niaimi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

The recent review discussing the value of early detection and treatment of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) does not acknowledge the potential of emerging oral chemoprophylactic agents for reducing tumour burden in patients with multiple BCCs and other forms of non melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). A recent phase 3 randomized controlled trial proposed that nicotinamide (500mg twice daily), a vitamin B3 derivative, could reduce the incidence of NMSC in high risk patients (those with a recent history of two or more NMSCs) with a relative reduction in the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of 30%, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of 20% and actinic keratoses of 13% at 12 months.

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Participation Rates With Opt-out Enrollment in a Remote Monitoring Intervention for Patients With Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Shivan J. Mehta, Andrea B. Troxel, Noora Marcus, Christina Jameson, Devon Taylor, David A. Asch, Kevin G. Volpp
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2016)

Many research studies are limited by low participation rates, threatening the generalizability of findings because participants likely differ greatly from nonparticipants. 1 Low rates of participation could be a function of the opt-in approach to enrollment, in which the default is to not participate.Behavioral economics research has shown that an opt-out approach can increase participation in retirement savings and organ donation while maintaining informed choice. 2,3We evaluated whether an opt-out approach to enrollment will increase participation in a remote monitoring intervention among patients with myocardial infarction.
Clinical trials of biosimilars should become more similar
Authors: Jonathan Kay, John D Isaacs
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

Since the approval of the infliximab biosimilar, CT-P13, by the Korean Ministry of Food & Drug Safety (MFDS) on 23 July 2012,1 biosimilars to treat inflammatory diseases have become available to patients in many countries around the world.2 The European Commission (EC) approved CT-P13 on 10 September 2013,3 and, subsequently, it has been granted marketing authorisation by regulatory agencies in many other countries, including the USA. CT-P13 is now marketed in >70 countries worldwide as Remsima, Inflectra and Flammegis.4

Several other biosimilars of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors have also received regulatory approval and are commercially available. HD203 was the first etanercept biosimilar granted marketing authorisation by the Korean MFDS on 11 November 2014 and was marketed as Davictrel in South Korea.5 However, because the facility where it was manufactured was sold, its licence could not be retained and it was withdrawn from the market upon the request of its manufacturer on 30 September 2015. Another etanercept biosimilar, SB4, which received approval by the Korean MFDS on 8 September 2015 and by the EC on 14 January 2016, is marketed as Brenzys in South Korea and as Benepali in the European Union (EU) and in the European Economic Area (EEA) member states of Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein.5 ,6 SB2, another infliximab biosimilar, was granted marketing authorisation by the Korean MFDS on 4 December 2015 and by the EC on 26 May 2016, and is sold as Renflexis in South Korea and as Flixabi in the EU and EEA member states.5 ,7 In this issue, Bae et al 8 report the results of the phase III clinical trial of HD203 (etanercept biosimilar), Emery and colleagues report the results of the phase III clinical trial of SB4 (etanercept biosimilar)9 and Choe et …
Use of a 21-gene reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to guide therapy in 14 Michigan Breast Oncology Quality Initiative (MiBOQI) sites.
Authors: S. M. Silver, H. Y. Ali, D. W. Blayney, J. Caughran, J. G. Herman, J. E. Pettinga, D. Share, A. Mehringer, A. Hayes, J. L. Vandergrift
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

6039 Background: A 21-gene RT-PCR assay (the assay) has been recommended to predict the risk of recurrence and likelihood of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) benefit in a subgroup of newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer (BC) in National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines (NCCN GLs) since 2008. MiBOQI, a statewide quality improvement initiative, used the NCCN BC Outcome Database Project (BCOD) model to determine the extent and appropriateness of assay use and impact of recurrence scores (RS) on AC use. Methods: 4,594 women diagnosed with unilateral breast cancer with completed follow-up were enrolled between November 2006 and June 2009 from 14 sites. The BCOD prospectively collects data on newly diagnosed BC including the results of gene expression analysis. The NCCN BC GL considers the assay an appropriate option when evaluating BC primary tumors as 0.6-1.0 cm with unfavorable features or > 1 cm, and node-negative, hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative. Results: 471 out of 1,458 (32%) women appropriately had the assay. 90% of those were < 70 years old and 53% had a low RS, 37% an intermediate RS, and 9% a high RS. In women < 70 with appropriate characteristics (n = 1,035), 36% who received the assay had AC, while 44% who did not have the assay received AC (p = 0.006). 31/217 (14%) with low RS, 79/152 (52%) with intermediate RS, and 33/37 (89%) with high RS received AC (p < 0.001 between RS groups). For women < 70 who had at least one characteristic not consistent with NCCN GL recommended assay use, 142/2,289 (6%) received the assay. Among patients < 70 who were otherwise appropriate assay candidates, those with HER2-positivity and those with tumors < 0.6 cm or 0.6-1.0 cm with no unfavorable features had assay use rates of 17% (95% CI, 12-25%) and 18% (95% CI, 14-22%). Conclusions: The 21-gene RT-PCR assay is frequently used in an appropriate group of women with BC. Those who receive the test have a significant reduction in the use of AC. HER2-positivity and small tumors were associated with nonconcordant assay use. The assay guided use of AC, but 14% and 11% of patients in low and high RS groups had nonconcordant use of AC. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration American Society of Clinical Oncology, BlueCross Blue Shield of MI, National Comprehensive Cancer Network Genomic Health Genomic Health BlueCross BlueShield of MI, BlueCross BlueShield of Michigan, National Comprehensive Cancer Network
A Phase I Study of Bortezomib During Maintenance Phase After High-Dose Melphalan and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation In Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Muneer H. Abidi, Zartash Gul, Lawrence G. Lum, Judith Abrams, Simon Cronin, Marie Ventimiglia, Abhinav Deol, Lois Ayash, Zaid Al-Kadhimi, Voravit Ratanatharathorn, Joseph P. Uberti
Journal: Blood (2010)
<i>EGFR</i> gene amplification and variant III (EGFRvIII) mutation in primary and recurrent glioblastoma.
Authors: Michael Weller, Bettina Hentschel, Kerstin Kaulich, Marcel Kamp, Joerg Felsberg, Michael Sabel, Matthias Simon, Manfred Westphal, Gabriele Schackert, Joerg Tonn, Dorothee Gramatzki, Torsten Pietsch, Andreas von Deimling, Markus Loeffler, Guido Reifenberger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

2042 Background: Around 40% of glioblastomas exhibit amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene; half of these tumors carry a specific genetic rearrangement characterized by deletion of exons 2-7 (EGFRvIII). The prognostic role of EGFRvIII in patients with EGFR-amplified glioblastoma and its expression in recurrent as opposed to newly diagnosed glioblastoma have not been defined. Such data are highly relevant for the clinical development of novel EGFRvIII-targeting agents. Methods: EGFR-amplified glioblastomas from 109 patients treated according to standard of care were assessed for EGFRvIII expression and data were correlated with outcome. Pairs of primary and recurrentglioblastomas from 38 of these patients (including 25 patients with EGFRvIII-positive tumors) and from 33 glioblastoma patients without EGFR amplification were evaluated for changes in EGFR amplification and EGFRvIII expression at recurrence. Results: Among 109 patients with EGFR-amplified primary glioblastoma, 63 had EGFRvIII-positive tumors by immunohistochemistry or RT-PCR or both. The detection of EGFRvIII was not associated with inferior progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 0.85, 95%CI 0.58-1.25, p = 0.418) or overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.99, 95%CI 0.67-1.47, p = 0.961). EGFRvIII status did not change between primary and recurrent glioblastomas in 21 of 25 EGFRvIII-positive patients (84%). In 4 of 25 patients (16%), EGFRvIII positivity was lost at recurrence. One of 13 EGFR-amplified but primarily EGFRvIII-negative glioblastomas demonstrated EGFRvIII-positivity at recurrence. None of 33 initially EGFR non-amplified glioblastomas acquired EGFR amplification or EGFRvIII positivity at recurrence. Conclusions: EGFRvIII expression is not prognostic in patients with EGFR-amplified glioblastomas. Most EGFRvIII-positive glioblastomas maintain positivity at recurrence. However, EGFRvIII expression may be lost or newly gained in small subsets of patients at recurrence. Thus, re-biopsy with reassessment of EGFRvIII status is recommended for recurrent glioblastoma patients enrolled in clinical trials using EGFRvIII-targeting agents.
Clinical impact of minimal residual disease in children with different subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with Response-Adapted therapy
Authors: C-H Pui, D Pei, S C Raimondi, E Coustan-Smith, S Jeha, C Cheng, W P Bowman, J T Sandlund, R C Ribeiro, J E Rubnitz, H Inaba, T A Gruber, W H Leung, J J Yang, J R Downing, W E Evans, M V Relling, D Campana
Journal: Leukemia (2016)
Geographic access to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
Authors: M. O. Ojelabi, D. J. Peace
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e16517 Background: Hematopoietic Stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been used with considerable success in the management of patients with otherwise incurable malignant and nonmalignant conditions. Transplantation is a resource-intensive endeavor that requires specialized personnel and equipment available through a limited number of institutions. Transplant patients tend to undergo prolonged hospitalizations and require frequent follow up visits. The optimal geographic distribution of transplant centers has not been determined, in fact the current distribution of centers relative to geographic area and population is unknown. Methods: Using the 2008 county level census estimate data, the proportion of the population living within a combined statistical area (CSA) with a transplant center or within an hour-travel of one was determined. Combined Statistical Areas, as defined by the Office of Budget and Management (OMB), comprise two or more adjacent Metropolitan or Micropolitan Statistical Areas that have moderate social and economic ties as measured by commuting. Travel time was determined by the shortest driving time between county centroids and the closest HSCT center, regardless of state lines. The list of adult HSCT centers was obtained from the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP). Results: In 2009, there were 102 adult HSCT centers listed by the NMDP in the United States. An estimated 60.92% of the US population have easy access to a HSCT center as defined above. Regional access was as follows: Northeast, 78.26%; West, 64.16%; Midwest, 57.03%; and South, 52.65%. Nine states have no centers, while 10% of centers are located in just 2 counties; Philadelphia, Pa and Cook, Il. Conclusions: 60.92% of the U.S. population have easy geographic access to a HSCT center, however, there is both state and regional variation in access to these centers. The greatest proportion of the population with access was highest in the Northeast and lowest in the South. There is need for further research to determine the impact of geographic access in rates of transplantation, outcomes and the economic and social impact of lack geographic of access. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Characteristics and behavior of invasive breast cancer developed despite prior oophorectomy.
Authors: J. R. Nitzkorski, F. Zhu, V. Siripurapu, R. A. Burger, C. S. Denlinger, E. R. Sigurdson, G. M. Freedman, R. J. Bleicher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

1596 Background: Bilateral oophorectomy (BO) decreases breast cancer risk by ∼50%. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), in contrast, increases a woman's risk of breast cancer. Little is known about whether differences exist in the presentation and outcomes of those who still develop breast cancer despite having previously undergone BO, with or without HRT. Methods: A prospectively collected database breast cancer database on an IRB-approved clinical protocol for data collection and outcomes studies was retrospectively reviewed. Patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2004 and 2008 were reviewed for clinicopathologic variables including BO status. Males and patients with a prior breast malignancy were excluded from the analysis. Results: There were 687 women with invasive breast cancer and known BO status identified. Among these, 71 (10.3%) underwent a prior BO, and 77.1% of all patients had no history of HRT. BO patients were older (median age 66 vs. 55 y, p= < 0.001), more likely to have had HRT (56.3% vs. 19.0%, p = < 0.001), and among those having HRT, had it for a longer duration (median 10 vs. 5 y, p = 0.001) than non-BO patients. BO patients' cancers had similar clinical T stages (p = 0.12), but presented more frequently than non-BO patients for a mammographic finding (69.0% vs 47.9%, p = 0.003) than a physical exam finding. Median pathologic tumor size was smaller in all patients having BO (1.3 vs. 1.5 cm, p = 0.02; BO without HRT vs all others p = 0.08), although pathologic T and N stages, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, HER2/neu status, and histologic subtypes were similar. Women having BO without HRT had no difference in overall survival when compared with women having BO with HRT (p = 0.99) or vs all others (p = 0.87). Conclusions: Although BO without HRT has been demonstrated to decrease breast cancer risk, outcomes in those who still develop breast cancer were similar to controls. Aside from slightly smaller tumor size and higher rates of mammographic detection for patients who have had BO, the presentation and prognostic features were similar to those who did not have BO. Breast cancers developing in patients despite a prior BO without HRT do not seem to have a more aggressive phenotype. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Fox Chase Cancer Center sanofi-aventis Genzyme, sanofi-aventis
Applying the Australian New Zealand Cooperative on Outcomes in Staphylococcal Sepsis Pediatric Data to the US Population
Authors: J. Chase McNeil
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2016)

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Spontaneous Coronary Dissection
Authors: Patrick Ohlmann, Guy Weigold, Sang-Wook Kim, Salah-Edine Hassani, Esteban Escolar, Augusto D. Pichard, Kenneth M. Kent, Lowell Satler, William O. Suddath, Ron Waksman, Neil J. Weissman
Journal: Circulation (2006)