tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A review of clinical endpoints and use of quality of life outcomes in phase III metastatic breast cancer clinical trials.
Authors: Raman Tatla, Denis Landaverde, Charles Victor, David Miles, Sunil Verma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e16547 Background: The management of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is often considered to be palliative, with therapy used to relieve disease symptoms, minimize treatment effects and prolong survival. The impact of disease and treatment on patients has led to an emphasis of quality of life (QoL) measures in clinical trials. This study’s primary objective is to evaluate phase III clinical trials in MBC, and assess the inclusion of QoL as an endpoint. Methods: A PubMed search was conducted to identify phase III clinical trials published from Jan 1990 to Aug 2011, which evaluated systemic therapy in MBC patients. Data pertaining to treatment regimens, study endpoints and clinical findings were collected, with a focus on progression-based (PB), overall survival (OS), and QoL endpoints. The instrument(s) used to evaluate QoL were also noted (if applicable). Results: Of 520 publications identified, 122 phase III MBC clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. Of these studies, 98.4% and 95.9% included PB and OS respectively, as clinical endpoints, while QoL was assessed in only 46 (37.7%) studies. 14 instruments were identified as QoL tools among the studies, with EORTC QLQ-C30 and FACT-B accounting for 54.7% of the instruments used. While the inclusion of QoL was not related to the significance of PB results, there was an association between the inclusion of QoL and OS results, with 59% of significant OS studies and 32% of non-significant OS studies including QoL as an endpoint (p=0.016). Stratification by treatment arm found that studies favouring standard therapy were more likely to include QoL (75%, p=0.045), compared to those favouring the intervention (56%), and those without significant differences (32%). Conclusions: Although the importance of QoL is often emphasized in MBC management, only one-third of identified phase III clinical trials included its assessment. Half of these trials showed no statistically significant differences in QoL endpoint; of note, instruments of varying validity were utilized. There needs to be greater emphasis on the evaluation of QoL, with the use of standard and validated QoL tools in MBC clinical trials, especially as we increasingly focus on progression-based endpoints.
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics in France : a public health priority
Authors: H Aubry Damon, J Carlet, P Courvalin, J C Desenclos, J Drucker, D Guillemot, V Jarlier, B Régnier, B Schlemmer
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2000)

For a few years, France has been faced to a rapid spread of anti-microbial resistance in hospitals and in general practice despite the many recommendations issued to solve this problem. In 1999, the Institut de Veille Sanitaire conducted a collective expe
Age, Spatial, and Temporal Variations in Hospital Admissions with Malaria in Kilifi County, Kenya: A 25-Year Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Polycarp Mogeni, Thomas N. Williams, Gregory Fegan, Christopher Nyundo, Evasius Bauni, Kennedy Mwai, Irene Omedo, Patricia Njuguna, Charles R. Newton, Faith Osier, James A. Berkley, Laura L. Hammitt, Brett Lowe, Gabriel Mwambingu, Ken Awuondo, Neema Mturi, Norbert Peshu, Robert W. Snow, Abdisalan Noor, Kevin Marsh, Philip Bejon
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2016)

Encouraging progress has been seen with reductions in Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission in some parts of Africa. Reduced transmission might lead to increasing susceptibility to malaria among older children due to lower acquired immunity, and this has implications for ongoing control strategies.We conducted a longitudinal observational study of children admitted to Kilifi County Hospital in Kenya and linked it to data on residence and insecticide-treated net (ITN) use. This included data from 69,104 children aged from 3 mo to 13 y admitted to Kilifi County Hospital between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2014. The variation in malaria slide positivity among admissions was examined in logistic regression models using the following predictors: location of the residence, calendar time, the child's age, ITN use, and the enhanced vegetation index (a proxy for soil moisture). The proportion of malaria slide-positive admissions declined from 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54-0.58) in 1998 to 0.07 (95% CI 0.06-0.08) in 2009 but then increased again through to 0.24 (95% CI 0.22-0.25) in 2014. Older children accounted for most of the increase after 2009 (0.035 [95% CI 0.030-0.040] among young children compared to 0.22 [95% CI 0.21-0.23] in older children). There was a nonlinear relationship between malaria risk and prevalence of ITN use within a 2 km radius of an admitted child's residence such that the predicted malaria positive fraction varied from ~0.4 to <0.1 as the prevalence of ITN use varied from 20% to 80%. In this observational analysis, we were unable to determine the cause of the decline in malaria between 1998 and 2009, which pre-dated the dramatic scale-up in ITN distribution and use.Following a period of reduced transmission, a cohort of older children emerged who have increased susceptibility to malaria. Further reductions in malaria transmission are needed to mitigate the increasing burden among older children, and universal ITN coverage is a promising strategy to achieve this goal.
Prevention of Germ Diseases.
Authors: Janet M Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impact of Day 28 Absolute Lymphocyte Count On Outcome of Hematopoietic Cell Transplant (HCT) in CR1 for Adult Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Jonathan A Rose, Tamara J. Dunn, Michaela Liedtke, Paul Elson, Matt Kalaycio, Ed Copelan, Ronald Sobecks, Mikkael A. Sekeres, Sean Hobson, Laura Johnston, Shawnda Tench, Sharisa Cross, Anjali Advani
Journal: Blood (2012)
Recognizing and Preventing Intracerebral Hematoma Expansion
Authors: Louis R. Caplan
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Bisoprolol in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: an explorative study
Authors: Jasmijn S.J.A. van Campen, Karin de Boer, Mariëlle C. van de Veerdonk, Cathelijne E.E. van der Bruggen, Cor P. Allaart, Pieter G. Raijmakers, Martijn W. Heymans, J. Tim Marcus, Hendrik J. Harms, M. Louis Handoko, Frances S. de Man, Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, Harm-Jan Bogaard
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

While beta-blockers are considered contraindicated in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), the prognostic significance of sympathetic nervous system over-activity suggests a potential benefit of beta-blocker therapy. The aim of this randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover, single centre study was to determine the effects of bisoprolol on right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) in idiopathic PAH (iPAH) patients. Additional efficacy and safety parameters were explored. Patients with optimally treated, stable iPAH (New York Heart Association functional class II/III) were randomised to placebo or bisoprolol. Imaging and functional measurements were performed at baseline, crossover and end of study. 18 iPAH patients were included, because inclusion faltered before enrolment of the targeted 25 patients. 17 patients completed 6 months of bisoprolol, 15 tolerated bisoprolol, one patient required intravenous diuretics. Bisoprolol was associated with a lower heart rate (17 beats per minute, p=0.0001) but RVEF remained unchanged. A drop in cardiac index (0.5 L·min −1 ·m −2 , p=0.015) was observed, along with a trend towards a decreased 6-min walking distance (6MWD). Although careful up-titration of bisoprolol was tolerated by most patients and resulted in a decreased heart rate, no benefit of bisoprolol in iPAH was demonstrated. Decreases in cardiac index and 6MWD suggest a deteriorated cardiac function. The results do not favour the use of bisoprolol in iPAH patients.
Long-Term Mortality After Coronary Revascularization in Nondiabetic Patients With Multivessel Disease
Authors: Mineok Chang, Jung-Min Ahn, Cheol Whan Lee, Rafael Cavalcante, Yohei Sotomi, Yoshinobu Onuma, Erhan Tenekecioglu, Minkyu Han, Duk-Woo Park, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Seong-Wook Park, Patrick W. Serruys, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)

In diabetic patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD), the survival difference between coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) favors CABG. However, there are few data on the mortality difference between the 2 strategies in nondiabetic patients. This study performed a patient-level meta-analysis to compare the effect of CABG versus PCI with drug-eluting stents on long-term mortality in 1,275 nondiabetic patients with multivessel CAD. Individual patient data from the SYNTAX (Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) and the BEST (Randomized Comparison of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and Everolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation in the Treatment of Patients with Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease) trials were pooled. The primary outcome was death from any cause. The median follow-up time was 61 months (interquartile range: 50 months to 62 months). The risk of death from any cause was significantly lower in the CABG group than in the PCI group (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 0.98; p = 0.039). A similar finding was observed for the risk of death from cardiac causes. The superiority of CABG over PCI was consistent across the major clinical subgroups. Likewise, the rate of myocardial infarction was remarkably lower after CABG than after PCI (HR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.65; p < 0.001). However, the rate of stroke was not different between the 2 groups (HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.59 to 2.17; p = 0.714). The need for repeat revascularization was significantly lower in the CABG group than in the PCI group (HR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.40 to 0.75; p < 0.001). CABG, as compared with PCI with drug-eluting stents, significantly reduced the long-term risk of mortality in nondiabetic patients with multivessel CAD.
Allergic Rhinitis Control Test questionnaire-driven stepwise strategy to improve allergic rhinitis control: a prospective study
Authors: Y. Wang, H. Chen, R. Zhu, G. Liu, N. Huang, W. Li, L. Yang, S. Zhang, S. Qi, J.-P. Daurès, A. M. Chiriac, P. Demoly
Journal: Allergy (2016)

Allergic Rhinitis Control Test (ARCT) has been validated for assessing allergic rhinitis (AR) control and identifying severe AR. The aim of the study was to assess the ARCT questionnaire as a tool for stepwise pharmacotherapy.A standard pharmacotherapy regimen from Step 1 (oral second-generation H1 antihistamine as needed) to Step 5 (oral corticosteroid) was carried out prospectively in a Chinese AR population. The AR patients were initiated with Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) appropriate step treatment and assessed with ARCT every 15 days. If ARCT score was equal or above 20 (controlled AR) and maintained for 15 days, the patient would finish the study; if ARCT score was strictly <20 (uncontrolled AR), the patient would receive higher step treatment according to a predefined open design up to Step 5. The different AR control subgroups were compared.A total of 255 patients were enrolled in the study; 5 patients dropped out and 2 (0.8%) were controlled at day 0, 85 (34.0%) at day 15, 177 (70.8%) at day 30, 222 (88.8%) at day 45, 241 (96.4%) at day 60 and 242 (96.8%) at day 75. Only 8 (3.2%) patients remained uncontrolled at the endpoint of the study. Patients with ARIA moderate/severe or persistent symptoms, moderate/severe impaired quality of life, asthma history, rhinorrhea and cough symptoms always needed up to Step 4 (nasal corticosteroid plus antihistamine) and prolonged treatments to achieve disease control.The majority of AR can be controlled with standard stepwise treatment. ARCT offers an objective criterion for the stepwise pharmacotherapy of AR.
The Role of Subtractive Color Mixing in the Perception of Blue Nevi and Veins—Beyond the Tyndall Effect
Authors: Melissa Shive, Derek Ho, Olivia Lai, Andrew Mamalis, Kevin M. Miller, Jared Jagdeo
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

and stage 3 (9 [42.9%]) disease.Nearly all the participants (n = 18, 85.7%) commented on their own coping strategies, including physical and social coping.Half of the participants (n = 10, 47.6%) reported on the role of social support from friends, family, strangers, etc.The Box provides examples of some direct quotes about coping strategies used by participants that demonstrate the data supporting these findings.Discussion | In this study, patients with HS used several coping and social support strategies.Studies of patients with psoriasis show patients' QOL is related to coping style.For example, those with an emotive coping style (eg, daydreaming about a different life) had lower QOL.In contrast, those with higher perceived social support or a normalizing style of coping, which includes informing others about their condition, had a higher QOL. 5 For nondermatologic conditions, changes in coping style are correlated with improved QOL and functional outcomes for patients with musculoskeletal injuries. 6his is an exploratory qualitative study of limited size, but it may have an effect on practice in 2 ways.First, this research expands on earlier studies to demonstrate the presence of multiple coping styles and social support strategies for patients with HS.Second, this research highlights patients' physical and social coping skills as well as the importance of having social support from others (friends, family, and others).Future research could study the coping strategies used by patients with HS, the impact of teaching those coping strategies to patients with less positive styles, and the subsequent impact on QOL and HS severity.
Dodging the dogma.
Authors: E Brand, S A Davidson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1993.11.3.587 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 8445436 Dodging the dogma. E BrandxE BrandSearch for articles by this author , S A DavidsonxS A DavidsonSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1993.11.3.587 PDF "Dodging the dogma.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 11(3), pp. 587–588© 1993 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Randomized phase III study of adjuvant chemotherapy with oral uracil and tegafur plus leucovorin versus intravenous fluorouracil and levofolinate in patients (pts) with stage III colon cancer (CC): Final results of Japan Clinical Oncology Group study (JCOG0205).
Authors: Yasuhiro Shimada, Tetsuya Hamaguchi, Yoshihiro Moriya, Norio Saito, Yukihide Kanemitsu, Nobuhiro Takiguchi, Masayuki Ohue, Takeshi Kato, Yasumasa Takii, Toshihiko Sato, Naohiro Tomita, Shigeki Yamaguchi, Makoto Akaike, Hideyuki Mishima, Yoshiro Kubo, Junki Mizusawa, Kenichi Nakamura, Haruhiko Fukuda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

3524 Background: NSABP C-06 reported the non-inferiority of oral adjuvant uracil and tegafur plus leucovorin (UFT/LV) to weekly fluorouracil and folinate (5-FU/LV) in disease-free survival (DFS) in stage II/III CC. Although adjuvant FOLFOX for stage III is standard care in US or EU, its toxicity and cost is major problem. This is the first report of JCOG0205, which compared UFT/LV to standard 5-FU/levofoloinate (l-LV) in stage III CC. Methods: Pts were randomized to 3 courses of 5-FU/l-LV (5-FU 500 mg/m 2 , l-LV 250 mg/m 2 , on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, q8w), or 5 courses of UFT/LV (UFT 300 mg/m 2 /day, LV 75 mg/day, on days 1–28, q5w). Primary endpoint was DFS. Sample size was 1,100, determined with one-sided alpha of 0.05, power of 0.78, and non-inferiority margin of hazard ratio (HR) of 1.27. Owing to interim analyses, the multiplicity-adjusted alpha and confidence coefficient of CI in the final analysis were 0.0433 and 91.3%. Results: Between Feb 2003 and Nov 2006, 1,101 pts (1,092 eligible) were randomized to 5-FU/l-LV (n=550) or UFT/LV (n=551). Median follow-up was 72.0 months, median age: 61, colon/rectum: 67%/33%, number of positive nodes &lt;3/4&lt;: 73%/27%, stage IIIa/IIIb: 75%/25%. The HR of DFS was 1.02 (91.3% CI, 0.84–1.23) and non-inferiority of UFT/LV was demonstrated (P=0.0236). Incidences of G3/4 toxicities were 8.4% neutropenia in 5-FU/l-LV and 8.7% ALT elevation in UFT/LV. In the 2 arms (5-FU/l-LV, UFT/LV), diarrhea (9.6%, 8.5%) and anorexia (4.0%, 3.7%) were similar. G3/4 diarrhea was one-third less and G3/4 ALT elevation was three times more common than those in C-06. No treatment-related death was reported. Conclusions: Adjuvant UFT/LV is demonstrated to be non-inferior to standard 5-FU/l-LV in DFS. Five-year OS (87.5%) is favorable to 69.6% in C-06, possibly due to D3 dissection and stage migration. UFT/LV should be an oral treatment option for stage III CC. [Table: see text]
Advances in the management of chronic insomnia
Authors: Margaret Kay-Stacey, Hrayr Attarian
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Chronic insomnia is a common condition that affects people worldwide and has negative effects on patients' health and wellbeing. The treatment of insomnia can be complex and time consuming for patients and providers. Although behavioral interventions are the first line therapy, there are barriers to access for these treatments. However, in recent years, alternative ways of providing these behavioral therapies that make them more widely available have been investigated. Drugs also play an important role in the treatment of insomnia and new drugs have been introduced as options for treating patients with sleep initiation and sleep maintenance insomnia. In this review, we will discuss advances in the past six years in both non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments for patients with chronic insomnia. We will also review the controversies surrounding some of the current drug treatments, as well as the role that technology and personal activity monitoring devices may play in treating insomnia.
Hair analysis for detection of phencyclidine in newly admitted psychiatric patients
Authors: J J Sramek, W A Baumgartner, J A Tallos, T N Ahrens, J F Heiser, W H Blahd
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

The authors implemented a new procedure for analyzing phencyclidine (PCP) content in hair. They compare the results of analyses of hair with results of analyses of blood and urine in 47 patients newly hospitalized with acute psychiatric illness. Hair analysis identified 11 patients who had used PCP, and blood and urine analyses did not identify any among the sample population. In three patients, the results of hair analysis aided in establishing a diagnosis of PCP intoxication. The authors discuss interpretations of their findings and psychiatric applications of this new technique.
A Versatile and Clearable Nanocarbon Theranostic Based on Carbon Dots and Gadolinium Metallofullerene Nanocrystals
Authors: Mirong Guan, Jie Li, Qingyan Jia, Jiechao Ge, Daiqin Chen, Yue Zhou, Pengfei Wang, Toujun Zou, Mingming Zhen, Chunru Wang, Chunying Shu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Nanocarbons such as carbon nanotubes, graphene derivatives, and carbon nanohorns have illustrated their potential uses as cancer theranostics owing to their intrinsic fluorescence or NIR absorbance as well as superior cargo loading capacity. However, some problems still need to be addressed, such as the fates and long‐term toxicology of different nanocarbons in vivo and the improvement of their performance in various biomedical imaging‐guided cancer therapy systems. Herein, a versatile and clearable nanocarbon theranostic based on carbon dots (CDs) and gadolinium metallofullerene nanocrystals (GFNCs) is first developed, in which GFNCs enhance the tumor accumulation of CDs, and CDs enhance the relaxivity of GFNCs, leading to an efficient multimodal imaging‐guided photodynamic therapy in vivo without obvious long‐term toxicity. Furthermore, biochemical analysis reveals that the novel nanotheranostic can harmlessly eliminate from the body in a reasonable period of time after exerting diagnostic and therapeutic function.
Late-onset akathisia--an indicant of covert dyskinesia: two case reports
Authors: W M Braude, T R Barnes
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

Two patients receiving long-term depot antipsychotic treatment developed late-onset akathisia characterized by emergence toward the end of each injection interval. Drug dose reduction provoked exacerbation of the akathisia and the appearance of choreiform limb dyskinesia. The authors discuss a possible pathophysiological mechanism.