tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4353: Improved prediction of prostate cancer prognosis by using a multiparametric molecular classifier
Authors: Maria Christina Tsourlakis, Martina Kluth, Thorsten Schlomm, Ronald Simon, Guido Sauter, Sarah Minner
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Background: Because no single molecular marker have proven to be sufficiently powerful for routine estimation of prostate cancer prognosis as to yet, it is hoped that the combined analysis of multiple markers will allow for distinguishing between indolent and aggressive forms of prostate cancer. In fact, first generation commercial multiparametric test assays show promising results. We hypothesized that such tests may be further optimized. Design: A tissue microarray (TMA) containing 0.6 mm tissue cores from more than 12,000 prostate cancer patients with long-term follow-up data was analyzed with more than 100 molecular markers by immunohistochemistry or FISH. Markers with strong and independent prognostic value in uni- and multivariate analyses were combined to obtain panels of markers that yield additional prognostic information beyond the standard parameters (including pre-operative PSA, Gleason grade, tumor stage, nodal stage) in ROC analysis. For this purpose, a simple score (0-10 points) was build based on the number and type of adverse features per tumor. Results: Markers with strong independent prognostic relevance included deletions of 6q15 and PTEN, overexpression of EZH2, TUBB3, and nuclear accumulation of p53, indicating dominant-negative TP53 gene mutation. A total of 5,129 cancers harbored none of these alterations (score 0) and showed the best prognosis in a Kaplan-Meier plot using biochemical recurrence as the study endpoint. The worst prognosis was found for 610 tumors harboring ≥8 (score 8-10) of these alterations, while an intermediate prognosis with decreasing time to recurrence was found for cancers with scores 1-2 (n = 2,418), 3-4 (n = 1,367) and 5-7 (n = 1038). The differences between the groups were high significant (p&amp;lt;0.0001). The 5 genes classifier provided prognostic information independent from PSA, Gleason, stage, and nodal stage (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Conclusion: Multiparametric classifiers have a high potential to improve the predictive accuracy of current models using established clinic-pathological models. Analyses of very large sets of patient tissues are instrumental to identify the best candidates for such molecular marker panels. It is likely, that continued analysis of our TMA will identify even better marker panels than the current 5 genes classifier. Citation Format: Maria Christina Tsourlakis, Martina Kluth, Thorsten Schlomm, Ronald Simon, Guido Sauter, Sarah Minner. Improved prediction of prostate cancer prognosis by using a multiparametric molecular classifier. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4353. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4353
S53 Outcomes following bronchial artery embolisation for haemoptysis in adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: WG Flight, PJ Barry, RJ Bright-Thomas, S Butterfield, R Ashleigh, AM Jones
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Bronchial artery embolisation (BAE) is recommended as the therapy of choice for massive haemoptysis in cystic fibrosis (CF) but there are no randomised controlled trials of BAE in this setting. Outcomes from BAE are uncertain and the efficacy of BAE in sub-massive haemoptysis is unclear. We performed a single-centre observational study to investigate the role of BAE in CF-related haemoptysis. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients with CF undergoing BAE from March 2011 to January 2015 were identified at the time of the procedure. Patient records were reviewed following hospital discharge or death. Severity of haemoptysis was classified as: massive (&gt;240 ml/24 h or &gt;100 ml/day for ≥2 days), severe (&gt;20 ml/24 h) or mild (&lt;20 ml/24 h). Data were collected on adjuvant therapies, time to recurrence, complications and survival. <h3>Results</h3> Twenty-seven patients underwent 49 BAE procedures. Median age was 30 years (range 18–72) and 16 (59%) were male. Mean baseline FEV­<sub>1</sub>%-predicted was 51.0% (SD 19.3). BAE was indicated for massive haemoptysis in 18 episodes (37%), severe in 27 (55%) and mild in 4 (8%). Adjuvant therapies included tranexamic acid in 48 (98%), intravenous antibiotics in 47 (96%), intravenous vitamin K in 31 (63%), ethamsylate in 8 (16%), terlipressin in 7 (14%) and propranolol in 5 (10%) of episodes. Twenty-nine (59%) BAEs were complicated by adverse events including chest pain (29%), headache (12%), paraesthesia (10%), groin pain (6%), limb weakness (4%) and limb ischaemia (2%). Eight patients (30%) required ≥2 BAEs during the study (range 2–7). Median time to first repeat BAE was 213 (range 18–682) days. Overall, haemoptysis recurred after 31/49 (63%) procedures with no significant difference between massive and sub-massive haemoptysis (61.1% vs 64.5%). Five patients (18.5%) died during the study and this group had a median FEV<sub>1</sub>%-predicted of 32% (range 28–82%). Mortality was 3.7% at 30 days following first BAE and 11.1% at six months. Four out of 8 (50%) patients requiring repeat BAE died compared with 1/19 (5%) who needed a single BAE only (p = 0.006). <h3>Conclusion</h3> BAE may be life-saving but is associated with considerable morbidity in CF. Need for repeat BAE is associated with increased mortality.
Case 17-2002
Authors: Roger J. Hajjar, Richard L. Kradin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Presentation of CaseA 55-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of second-degree atrioventricular block.The patient had been considered well until the day of admission, when a scheduled transurethral resection of the prostate gland at another hospital was cancelled because of second-degree heart block with a ventricular rate of 41 beats per minute. He was transferred to this hospital.The patient was a carpenter. He had a 10-pack-year history of cigarette smoking but had discontinued smoking 10 years before admission. He drank alcohol occasionally. He had a slightly elevated cholesterol level. He had learned of the scheduled surgical . . .
Thoracic dust exposure is associated with lung function decline in cement production workers
Authors: Karl-Christian Nordby, Hilde Notø, Wijnand Eduard, Marit Skogstad, Anne Kristin Fell, Yngvar Thomassen, Øivind Skare, Antonio Bergamaschi, Antonio Pietroiusti, Rolf Abderhalden, Johny Kongerud, Helge Kjuus
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

We hypothesised that exposure to workplace aerosols may lead to lung function impairment among cement production workers. Our study included 4966 workers in 24 cement production plants. Based on 6111 thoracic aerosol samples and information from questionnaires we estimated arithmetic mean exposure levels by plant and job type. Dynamic lung volumes were assessed by repeated spirometry testing during a mean follow-up time of 3.5 years (range 0.7–4.6 years). The outcomes considered were yearly change of dynamic lung volumes divided by the standing height squared or percentage of predicted values. Statistical modelling was performed using mixed model regression. Individual exposure was classified into quintile levels limited at 0.09, 0.89, 1.56, 2.25, 3.36, and 14.6 mg·m −3 , using the lowest quintile as the reference. Employees that worked in administration were included as a second comparison group. Exposure was associated with a reduction in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ), forced expiratory volume in 6 s and forced vital capacity. For FEV 1 % predicted a yearly excess decline of 0.84 percentage points was found in the highest exposure quintile compared with the lowest. Exposure at the higher levels found in this study may lead to a decline in dynamic lung volumes. Exposure reduction is therefore warranted.
Cardiac Pacing — A Novel Therapy for Sleep Apnea?
Authors: Daniel J. Gottlieb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Sleep apnea, which is characterized by frequent episodes of apnea or hypopnea during sleep, is among the most common chronic disorders in adults. Sleep apnea associated with hypersomnolence is conservatively estimated to affect 2 to 4 percent of the middle-aged population of the United States, but the proportion of this population in whom polysomnography would provide evidence of sleep apnea, defined as an apnea–hypopnea index of five or more episodes per hour of sleep, is approximately five times as great.1 Although the clinical importance of sleep apnea that is not overtly symptomatic remains controversial, there is evidence that it is . . .
Vagus nerve stimulation mediates protection from kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury through α7nAChR+ splenocytes
Authors: Tsuyoshi Inoue, Chikara Abe, Sun-sang J. Sung, Stefan Moscalu, Jakub Jankowski, Liping Huang, Hong Ye, Diane L. Rosin, Patrice G. Guyenet, Mark D. Okusa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

The nervous and immune systems interact in complex ways to maintain homeostasis and respond to stress or injury, and rapid nerve conduction can provide instantaneous input for modulating inflammation. The inflammatory reflex referred to as the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway regulates innate and adaptive immunity, and modulation of this reflex by vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is effective in various inflammatory disease models, such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Effectiveness of VNS in these models necessitates the integration of neural signals and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) on splenic macrophages. Here, we sought to determine whether electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve attenuates kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), which promotes the release of proinflammatory molecules. Stimulation of vagal afferents or efferents in mice 24 hours before IRI markedly attenuated acute kidney injury (AKI) and decreased plasma TNF. Furthermore, this protection was abolished in animals in which splenectomy was performed 7 days before VNS and IRI. In mice lacking α7nAChR, prior VNS did not prevent IRI. Conversely, adoptive transfer of VNS-conditioned α7nAChR splenocytes conferred protection to recipient mice subjected to IRI. Together, these results demonstrate that VNS-mediated attenuation of AKI and systemic inflammation depends on α7nAChR-positive splenocytes.
Short-Term Effects of Pamidronate in Patients with Gaucher's Disease and Severe Skeletal Involvement
Authors: Giovanni Ciana, Marina Cuttini, Bruno Bembi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

To the Editor: Gaucher's disease is caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid β-glucocerebrosidase that leads to an accumulation of glucocerebroside in the cells of the reticuloendothelial system.1 The disease is classified into three types according to the presence or absence of neurologic symptoms. Type 1 (non-neuronopathic) is the most common; the clinical signs include hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, and bone involvement. The last of these is probably the most disabling feature and may result in irreversible skeletal damage, such as osteoporosis, osteonecrosis with collapse of major joints, and pathologic fractures with secondary deformity. Enzyme-replacement therapy with modified β-glucocerebrosidase (alglucerase) is . . .
Fluorescent-Antibody Test for Cytomegalovirus Macroglobulin
Authors: James B. Hanshaw, Harvey J. Steinfeld, Cherie J. White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

To determine if an indirect fluorescent-antibody technic could be employed to detect cytomegalovirus macroglobulin, we measured specific macroglobulin in all serums from 50 persons (zero to 20 years old) excreting cytomegalovirus in the urine. Twenty-four of these were from infants (up to six months old) with typical cytomegalic inclusion disease. Of six neonates with viruria detected by routine testing of 280 infants, two were symptomatic, and these had cytomegalovirus macroglobulin in umbilical-cord serum. Four infected infants without macroglobulin were symptom free. One infant, followed at monthly intervals, became symptomatic and had detectable macroglobulin at three months of age. These data suggest that the cytomegalovirus macroglobulin test is a convenient and sensitive fluorescent method for the detection of cytomegalic inclusion disease.
Comparison of Malignant Grades Between Pure and Partially Invasive Types of Clinical Stage Ia Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: S. Sasada, H. Nakayama, Y. Miyata, N. Tsubokawa, T. Mimae, T. Yoshiya, S. Murakami, H. Ito, M. Okada
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Front line chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC with paclitaxel and irinotecan combination
Authors: G. P. Stathopoulos, D. Antoniou, C. Katis, J. Dimitroulis, D. Tsavdaridis, O. Armenaki, C. Marosis, P. Michalopoulou, T. Grigoratou, J. Stathopoulos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

7127 Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients of advanced stage are still of a need for new chemotherapy schedules to improve response rate and overall survival. There are new agents that have been established effectively in other tumors but very little applied in NSCLC. In the last category belong camptothecins. Methods: The objective of the present study was to combine one established first line cytotoxic agent - paclitaxel with a-camptothecin agent, irinotecan. 51 patients have already been enrolled since the beginning of April 2003 till December 5, 2003. They were all naïve of any previous treatment. 38 patients are evaluable for response rate. Of those 33 were male and 5 female median age 61 - range 35–77. Performance status 0–2. Stage IIIb and IV.Irinotecan 100mg/m2 90min infusion, paclitaxel 135 mg/m2 3 hour infusion, both administered on day 1 and repeated every two weeks. The plan was to give 9 cycles per patient and evaluation by CT-Scan to be performed after the 4th or 5th cycle. The total number of cycles given till now was 187 and the mean 4.92. Patients stopped treatment in case of disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Results: Myelotoxicity was seen in the majority of the patients but only in 4 patients (10.53%) was of Grade III and IV. Of the non-hematologic toxicity nausea and vomiting was negligible, diarrhea of Grade III was only seen in 5 patients (13.16%). Neurotoxicity of Grade I was common. No other serious toxicity was observed. No complete remission was seen. Partial remission was detected in 18 patients (42.11%), stable disease in 16 patients (38%) and disease progression in 4 patients (10.53%). The median survival has not yet been reached. There are 7 events till Dec.03 (18.42%), in 8 months of follow-up. Conclusions: The combination of Paclitaxel and Irinotecan every two weeks in untreated NSCLC patients of stage IIIb and IV is effective with 42.11% response rate and acceptable toxicity. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The Diagnosis of Congenital Aneurysm of the Pulmonary Artery
Authors: Charles T. Dotter, Israel Steinberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE literature is filled with accounts of dilatations or aneurysms of the pulmonary artery. Notable reviews of the literature have been written by Brenner,1 Boyd and McGavack2 and, recently, Deterling and Clagett.3 Among the factors commonly accepted as causes of pulmonary-artery dilatation and aneurysm are infectious processes (such as syphilis and mycotic infection), congenital defects causing secondary dilatation (septal patency, patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonic stenosis, transposition of the great vessels and other less common lesions), rheumatic mitral stenosis, a variety of chronic pulmonary diseases that may cause pulmonary hypertension, thoracic deformities, cardiac failure and possibly trauma.By our definition, congenital . . .
PTH-026 Water infusion enteroscopy – description of a new technique with first clinical results: Abstract PTH-026 Table 1
Authors: S Ishaq, A Antonello, M Grauer, GE Tontini, H Neumann
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Device assisted enteroscopy is the standard technique to explore the deep small bowel. However, continuous insufflation of air often significantly distends the small intestine and hampers subsequent advancement of the enteroscope, resulting in distension related abdominal discomfort that can compromise the completion of the procedure and its diagnostic and therapeutic yield. We aimed at developing a novel water infusion technique to reduce small bowel distension and to facilitate enteroscopic procedures. <h3>Method</h3> We have performed enteroscopies with water infusion in patients who underwent prior wireless capsule enteroscopy that yielded pathologic findings which required further evaluation and/or treatment. Once the enteroscope was passed through the pylorus CO<sub>2</sub>insufflation was switched off. Subsequent advancement of the scope was performed with water infusion whenever necessary to visualise the intestinal lumen. Push-and-pull enteroscopy was performed as per the standard technique. The primary study end points were: system preparation time, rates of successful deep small bowel enteroscopy, procedure duration, diagnostic and therapeutic yield, rate of adverse events. The secondary endpoints included subjective evaluations by the patients concerning the discomfort associated with the procedure and by the endoscopist concerning the ease of performing the procedure. <h3>Results</h3> Water infusion enteroscopies were performed in 4 patients. The median age of the patients included in the study was 62 (range 36–72). Median time to prepare the system was 2 min (Range 2–3). Enteroscopy was performed successfully in all cases. The estimated median small bowel intubation depth – past the ligament of Treitz- was 160 cm (Range 145–220 cm). Median time of the procedure was 14 min (Range 14–16). All the procedures provided diagnostic elements or enabled treatment. No complications occurred during or after the procedure. Endoscopic findings and treatments are described in the table. Patients reported no significant discomfort during and after the procedure, and endoscopists were able to complete the procedure with ease in all patients. Endoscopic findings and treatments <h3>Conclusion</h3> The newly introduced water infusion technique allows for deep small bowel enteroscopy within a relatively short period of time. This procedure is relatively safe and well tolerated. Further studies are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Induction of Graft-versus-Host Disease as Immunotherapy for Relapsed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: David L. Porter, Mark S. Roth, Carol McGarigle, James Ferrara, Joseph H. Antin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

The ability of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation to cure chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is due to both the conditioning regimen and the antileukemic effects of the lymphocytes in the grafted marrow. We studied the ability of interferon alfa-2b and infusions of mononuclear cells from the marrow donor to induce a graft-versus-leukemia reaction in patients with CML in relapse after bone marrow transplantation.
Alemtuzumab Is Safe and Associated With High Response Rates In Selected Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Vishal N. Ranpura, Colin O. Wu, Matthew J. Olnes, Ankur R. Parikh, Aarthi Shenoy, Barbara Weinstein, Phillip Scheinberg, A. John Barrett, Neal S. Young, Christopher S. Hourigan, Ronan Desmond
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract 12727: The Clinical Impact of Eicosapentaenoic Acid/Arachidonic Acid Ratio in Adult Patients With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Miki Kanoh, Kei Inai, Eriko Shimada, Tokuko Shinohara, Mikiko Shimizu, Tetsuko Ishii, Hisashi Sugiyama, In-Sam Park
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Recent studies showed that intake of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduces the incidence of cardiovascular events. Furthermore, low levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are associated with heart failure (HF), arrhythmia, and cardiac sudden death. However, there have been few studies regarding the clinical implication of the EPA/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio in adult patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Objectives and methods: The present study was a prospective study of 64 adult patients with CHD. We measured serum EPA and AA and divided the patients into two groups according to their EPA/AA ratio: &lt;0.25, low group; ≥0.25, high group. Patients were observed for a mean duration of 13 months. We investigated the association between the EPA/AA ratio and clinical data and analyzed the prognostic predictive value of the EPA/AA ratio in these patients. Results: There were no significant differences between the low (n = 36) and high (n = 28) groups in age, sex, blood pressure, systemic ventricular ejection fraction, medications, or serum levels of hemoglobin A1c, creatinine, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, or B-type natriuretic peptide. A low EPA/AA ratio had significant prognostic value for arrhythmia (hazard ratio [HR] 3.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-14.8, p = 0.03) and composite events of arrhythmia and HF hospitalization (HR 5.6, 95% CI 1.53-27.8, p &lt; 0.01). Subgroup analysis revealed that the patients with two-ventricle circulation in the low group (n = 23) were at significantly higher risk of arrhythmia (HR 6.7, p = 0.02), HF hospitalization (HR 16.2, p &lt; 0.01), and composite events of arrhythmia and HF hospitalization (HR 6.7, p = 0.03) than those in the high group (n = 23). In patients with single-ventricle circulation, serum EPA levels were significantly lower compared with patients with two-ventricle circulation. Conclusions: The EPA/AA ratio had a significant predictive value for cardiac events in adult patients with CHD, especially in patients with two-ventricle circulation. The effect of EPA treatment for patients with CHD should be elucidated in the future.
Increased Sodium-Lithium Countertransport in Red Cells of Patients with Essential Hypertension
Authors: Mitzy Canessa, Norma Adragna, Harold S. Solomon, Thomas M. Connolly, Daniel C. Tosteson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

This paper describes experiments showing that one of the pathways of sodium transport across the red-cell membrane, sodium–lithium countertransport, is faster in patients with essential hypertension than in control subjects. This transport system accepts only sodium or lithium and is not inhibited by ouabain. The maximum rate of transport shows inherited differences. The mean maximum rate of sodium–lithium countertransport was found to be 0.55±0.02 (mean ±S.E.M.) mmol (liter of red cells x hour)-1 in a group of 36 patients with essential hypertension and 0.24±0.02 in 26 control subjects (P<0.001). The first-degree relatives of eight patients with essential hypertension and 10 control subjects had mean maximum rates of sodium–lithium countertransport of 0.54±0.05 and 0.23±0.02, respectively. Five patients with secondary hypertension had normal mean maximum rates of sodium–lithium countertransport. The relation between heritability of red-cell sodium–lithium countertransport and essential hypertension should be investigated further. (N Engl J Med. 1980; 302:772–6.)