tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Trajectories From Childhood to Young Adulthood
Authors: Arthur Caye, Thiago Botter-Maio Rocha, Luciana Anselmi, Joseph Murray, Ana M. B. Menezes, Fernando C. Barros, Helen Gonçalves, Fernando Wehrmeister, Christina M. Jensen, Hans-Christoph Steinhausen, James M. Swanson, Christian Kieling, Luis Augusto Rohde
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> The requirement of a childhood onset has always been a key criterion for the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults, but recently this requirement has become surrounded by controversy. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate whether impaired young adults with ADHD symptoms always have a childhood-onset disorder in a population-based longitudinal study. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Participants belonged to the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study, including 5249 individuals born in Pelotas, Brazil, in 1993. They were followed up to 18 to 19 years of age, with 81.3% retention. The data analysis was performed between August 8, 2015, and February 5, 2016. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The ADHD status was first ascertained at 11 years of age using a screening instrument (hyperactivity subscale of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire) calibrated for a<i>DSM-IV</i>ADHD diagnosis based on clinical interviews with parents using the Development and Well-Being Assessment. At 18 to 19 years of age, ADHD diagnosis was derived using<i>DSM-5</i>criteria, except age at onset. We estimated the overlap between these groups assessed at 11 and 18 to 19 years of age and the rates of markers of impairment in these 2 groups compared with those without ADHD. <h3>Results</h3> At 11 years of age, childhood ADHD (C-ADHD) was present in 393 individuals (8.9%). At 18 to 19 years of age, 492 individuals (12.2%) fulfilled all<i>DSM-5</i>criteria for young adult ADHD (YA-ADHD), except age at onset. After comorbidities were excluded, the prevalence of YA-ADHD without comorbidities decreased to 256 individuals (6.3%). Children with C-ADHD had a male preponderance not observed among children without ADHD (251 [63.9%] vs 1930 [47.9%] male,<i>P</i> &lt; .001), whereas the YA-ADHD group had a female preponderance (192 [39.0%] vs 1786 [50.4%] male,<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Both groups had increased levels of impairment in adulthood, as measured by traffic incidents, criminal behavior, incarceration, suicide attempts, and comorbidities. However, only 60 children (17.2%) with ADHD continued to have ADHD as young adults, and only 60 young adults (12.6%) with ADHD had the disorder in childhood. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The findings of this study do not support the assumption that adulthood ADHD is necessarily a continuation of childhood ADHD. Rather, they suggest the existence of 2 syndromes that have distinct developmental trajectories.
A phase IIa study of a sequential regimen using azacitidine to reverse platinum resistance to carboplatin in patients with platinum resistant or refractory epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: R. C. Bast, R. B. Iyer, W. Hu, J. Kavanagh, R. L. Coleman, C. Levenback, A. K. Sood, J. Wolf, D. M. Gershenson, M. Markman, S. Fu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

3500 Background: Our preclinical model established the rationale for using azacitidine to reverse platinum resistance. Sequential azacitidine and carboplatin treatment conferred an effect against platinum resistant ovarian cancer cells that was greater than from each agent alone (synergistic interaction). Based on a well tolerated phase I regimen of azacitidine 75 mg/m2/day for 5 days plus carboplatin AUC 5 on day 2 once every 28 days, we initiated a phase IIa trial to evaluate efficacy. Methods: Patients with pathologically confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer who progressed within 6 months after a platinum-based regimen (resistant, Plat-RS, n=18) or on a platinum- based regimen (refractory, Plat-RF, n=12), were eligible to receive sequential azacitidine and carboplatin. All patients had measurable disease. Results: Thirty patients received a total of 159 cycles of treatment and 2 patients are still being actively treated at the cycle 14 and 19, respectively. Side effects include neutropenia, anemia, fatigue, nausea, and pain/irritation at the injection sites. All patients were followed for more than 12 months or until death. Remarkably, our regimen resulted in 1 CR, 3 PR (RR: 14%) and 10 SD in 29 evaluable patients, which is in stark contrast to no responses to a carboplatin-based regimen in a similar cohort of patients in the same institution. The median duration of response was 7.5 months. OS at 1-yr was 53%. Patients classified as having Plat-RS disease had an objective response of 22% and one-year OS of 67% compared to 0% and 33% in Plat-RF patients, respectively. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first phase II trial in epithelial ovarian cancer patients that demonstrates the ability of a hypomethylating agent to reverse platinum resistance. Based on these data, a randomized phase III trial in patients with platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer is warranted. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Pharmion, Inc Pharmion, Inc. Pharmion, Inc
Reactivation of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Z Solomon, R Garb, A Bleich, D Grupper
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

The authors conducted an exploratory study of the nature and course of reactivation of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Experienced psychiatrists, they each independently assessed 35 men with recurrent combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Two major types of reactivated posttraumatic stress disorder, each representing a different degree of pathology, were delineated: uncomplicated reactivation and heightened vulnerability. The second category was further subdivided into specific sensitivity, moderate generalized sensitivity, and severe generalized sensitivity. The authors conclude that reactivation of war-related trauma is a complex phenomenon that may take different forms.
Abstract B44: Accelerated mouse colorectal cancer progression in the presence of EHMT2 overexpression
Authors: Kang-Yu Tai, I-Shing Yu, Shih-Ting Cha, Shu-Wha Lin, Min-Liang Kuo, You-Tzung Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract In the last 5 years, the prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has increased worldwide and has surpassed that of liver cancer. Even after treatment for primary CRC, patients still have a high risk (30%–50%) of cancer recurrence, generally from metastasis. Thus, if we can uncover the progressive mechanisms of CRC and identify a novel drug target, current treatment regimens and the survival of patients with advanced stage CRC can be improved. Euchromatin histone lysine N-methyl transferase 2 (EHMT2) inhibition is considered an effective therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment because its inhibitors, BIX-01294 and UNC0639, can induce autophagy-dependent cell death. However, the function of EHMT2 in CRC progression remains largely unclear. In this study, we established a colonic stem-cell-specific EHMT2 activation combined with sporadic (AOM/DSS-induced) or hereditary (Apc mutant) CRC mouse models. In the EHMT2-overexpressed group, many colonic tumors larger than 3 mm in size were found in the 24 weeks after tumor induction. Histological analysis of these tumors showed that the adenocarcinomatous glands became highly irregular, and these glands were difficult to discern, one of the characteristic of malignant CRC. In the 52 weeks after tumor induction, we reproducibly observed CRC liver metastases. Further analysis by RNA sequencing combined with gene set enrichment analysis determined that the anti-apoptosis-related and Wnt-signaling gene sets can be enriched in the EHMT2-overexpressed group. Using the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we demonstrated that EHMT2 directly targeted the caspase8 proximal promoter region and increased the level of H3 lysine9 di-methylation in this region. Several functional assays supported that this gene regulation may have conferred opportunities for CRC cells to avoid the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs. Overall, aberrant EHMT2 expression is conducive to CRC progression. Citation Format: Kang-Yu Tai, I-Shing Yu, Shih-Ting Cha, Shu-Wha Lin, Min-Liang Kuo, You-Tzung Chen. Accelerated mouse colorectal cancer progression in the presence of EHMT2 overexpression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Sep 24-27, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B44.
The course of development of mania in patients with recurrent depression
Authors: D L Dunner, J L Fleiss, R R Fieve
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

The authors attempted to assess the extent to which bipolar patients are misdiagnosed as unipolar by evaluating the development of mania in patients who had recognized bipolar illness and by means of follow-up data on patients who had recurrent depressions. Mania occurred early in the course of bipolar illness: almost 80% of the bipolar patients were initially hospitalized for mania. Follow-up data and theoretically based calculations suggest that the chance of a patient with recurrent depressions becoming bipolar is about 5%. Based on these findings, the authors make suggestions for the classification of unipolar patients.
Pilot study of current factors influencing the choice of psychiatry as a specialty
Authors: E K Lee, N Kaltreider, J Crouch
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

This is a time of major shifts in the perception of medical specialties. The authors have attempted to assess current attitudes of potential applicants for a residency in psychiatry.Pilot interviews with fourth-year medical students at the University of California, San Francisco, led to the development of a questionnaire on factors influencing the choice of psychiatry as a specialty. The questionnaire was then sent to 113 fourth-year students with an identified psychiatric interest at nine schools.There was a response rate of 50.4%. The 54 students with a clear career decision had 22 of 38 item responses that significantly distinguished between those who matched in psychiatry and those who chose other specialties.Focused recruitment strategies are suggested based on answers to the questionnaire items.
Tumors of the Glandular Stomach Induced in Mice of Six Strains by Intramural Injection of 20-Methylcholanthrene
Authors: Harold L. Stewart, William V. Hare, James G. Bennett
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1953)

Tumors of the Glandular Stomach Induced in Mice of Six Strains by Intramural Injection of 20-Methylcholanthrene Get access Harold L. Stewart, Harold L. Stewart Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William V. Hare, William V. Hare Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James G. Bennett James G. Bennett Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute,4Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 14, Issue 1, August 1953, Pages 105–125, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/14.1.105 Published: 01 August 1953 Article history Received: 26 February 1953 Published: 01 August 1953
Drug-induced respiratory disorders.
Authors: F C Hugues, G Mougeot
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Drugs induced respiratory disorders include bronchospasm, extrinsic alveolitis, and diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Bronchospasm may be due to the action of pharmacodynamic agents on autonomic control of bronchial tone (beta-blockers, beta-agonists...) or to a hypersensitivity reaction (penicillins, sulfonamides, anti-inflammatory compounds...). Extrinsic alveolitis usually follows administration of anti-infective medication but other drugs may be implicated. Prolonged use of a wide variety of drugs, particularly cytotoxic agents, is necessary to provoke the onset of a diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.
Recommendations of the ESGE Workshop on the Ethics of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) Placement for Nutritional Support
Authors: A Kruse, J J Misiewicz, T Rokkas, H Hammer, Y Niv, M Allison, E Kouroumalis, D Campbell
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

The panel met for discussion of the issues during the course of the First European Symposium on Ethics in Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, June 27 - 30 2002, in Kos, Greece. The agreed conclusions were further debated and commented upon during the Plenary Session of the symposium. The points described below are to be regarded as preliminary. They should not be taken as guidelines, nor as firm recommendations concerning endoscopic practice. The ethical principles governing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement need to be further refined and adapted to codes of practice obtaining in individual countries. In the future, note will also have to be taken of any European Union (EU) directives that might affect EU member countries.
Abstract IA26: Long-term single cell quantification: New tools for old questions
Authors: Timm Schroeder
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Stem cell systems are highly complex and dynamic, and consist of large numbers of different cells expressing many molecules. Despite intensive research, many long-standing questions in stem cell research remain disputed. One major reason is the fact that we usually only analyze populations of cells - rather than individual cells - at very few time points of an experiment. Tracking of individual cells would be an extremely powerful approach to improve our understanding of molecular cell fate control. We are therefore developing imaging systems to follow the fate of individual cells over many generations. We program new software to help recording and displaying the divisional history, position, properties, interaction, etc. of all individual cells over many generations. Our approaches also allow continuous long-term quantification of protein expression or activity in individual living cells. The resulting novel kind of continuous quantitative single cell data is used for the generation of improved models describing the molecular control of stem cell fates. I will discuss how we try to find answers for long standing questions in stem cell research. Citation Format: Timm Schroeder. Long-term single cell quantification: New tools for old questions. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2015 Oct 23-26; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA26.
Antiestrogens and the reduction in circulating cholesterol.
Authors: V C Jordan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1996.14.8.2407 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 8708737 Antiestrogens and the reduction in circulating cholesterol. V C JordanxV C JordanSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1996.14.8.2407 PDF "Antiestrogens and the reduction in circulating cholesterol.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 14(8), pp. 2407–2408© 1996 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
The ethics of practice in adolescent psychiatry
Authors: D Miller
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

The author discusses ethical problems specific to practice with adolescents, a patient group which has special requirements in terms of their relations with authority figures and the kind and degree of external control they need. The psychiatrist who works with adolescents must be aware that his or her actions, attitudes, and personality can be crucial influences in the young person's development. Particular attention is needed in the areas of confidentiality, informed consent, and the impact of behavior control and other treatment techniques on adolescents.
Abstract 20199: In the Absence of Muscarinic-Activation, Inhibition of Kir3.1/3.4 and Kir3.4/3.4, but Not Kir3.1/3.4-Alone Prolongs Repolarisation of Atrial Tissue From Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: James Milnes, Said El-Haou, Simone Loose, Claire Jackson, Raymond Tang, India Muirhead, John Ford, Ursula Ravens
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Aim:  In the human atrium K ir 3.1/3.4 conducts the ACh-activated potassium current I KACh . A number of studies have shown that K ir 3.4 can form homomers (K ir 3.4/3.4), however, their functional importance is unclear. This study set out to investigate the functional role of K ir 3.4/3.4 in the human atrium of patients in sinus rhythm (SR) and atrial fibrillation (AF).   Method:  The ion channel pharmacology of two drugs, XEN-R0706 and the substituted 4-(aralkylamino)-2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzopyran-3-ol (NTC) was investigated using whole-cell patch-clamp (20°C) of HEK or CHO cells expressing the ion channel gene of interest. Sharp microelectrodes (37°C) were used to record  ex vivo  action potential duration (APD) and the effective refractory period (AERP) of human right atrial appendage (HRAA) from patients in either SR or AF. The study was approved by the university ethics committee and complied with the declaration of Helsinki.   Results:  XEN-R0706 inhibited K ir 3.1/3.4 and K ir 3.4/3.4 with similar potency (IC 50  29 nM, n H =0.9±0.1  v  18nM, n H =0.5±0.1 resp.). In contrast, NTC was >10,000-fold selective for K ir 3.1/3.4 over K ir 3.4/3.4 (IC 50  1.5nM, n H =0.7±0.2  v  19,750nM, n H =0.4±0.1, resp.). Both compounds displayed similar selectivity for K ir 3.1/3.4 (>100-fold) over other major cardiac ion channels K v 1.5, K v 4.3, K v 7.1/KCNE1, K v 11.1, Ca v 1.2, Na v 1.5, K ir 2.1, K ir 6.2/SUR2A. As such, these compounds represent good tools for investigating the role of K ir 3.4/3.4 in the heart. When applied to HRAA from SR patients, in the absence of a muscarinic agonist, neither compound (3μM) had an effect on APD 90  nor AERP at any frequency tested (n.s. at 1-5Hz, n=3 to 6). However, under identical conditions (absence of a muscarinic agonist), XEN-R0706 significantly prolonged APD 90  and AERP of HRAA from AF patients (P≤0.05 at 1-4Hz, n=6). However, NTC did not (ns. at 1-5Hz, n=6).   Conclusion:  XEN-R0706 and NTC have similar pharmacological profiles for the major cardiac ion channels except R0706 also inhibits the K ir 3.4/3.4-homomer. Both compounds failed to affect APD/AERP of SR tissue however, R0706 prolonged APD/AERP of AF tissue but NTC did not. Taken together these data suggest a functional role for K ir 3.4/3.4-homomer in the repolarisation of the AF remodelled human atria.
Expression of novel immunotherapeutic targets in triple-negative breast cancer.
Authors: Gargi Dan Basu, Anatole Ghazalpour, Zoran Gatalica, Karen S. Anderson, Ann E. McCullough, David B. Spetzer, Barbara A. Pockaj
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

1001 Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer that lacks expression of ER, PR and HER2. Targeted treatment options for TNBC are limited, and novel potential molecular targets need to be evaluated. This study examined biomarkers involved in immune evasion including PD-L1 and its association with other biological pathways as potential treatment options for TNBC patients. Methods: We analyzed 511 TNBC samples using a multiplatform approach including whole genome mRNA expression (HumanHT-12 v4 BeadChip Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA), protein expression (immunohistochemistry), gene copy number changes (in situ hybridization) and gene sequencing. PD-L1 IHC was performed on 22 samples. Results: Within the TNBC patient cohort, there were subsets with elevated mRNA expression of immune markers including PD-L1, CTLA4, IDO1 and B7-H3. Cancer cell-specific over-expression of PD-L1 protein was present in 50% of TNBC tumors. Androgen receptor (AR) was over-expressed in 17% of the TNBC cohort and AR-negative TNBC patients were more likely to express PD-L1 (p =.05), CTLA-4 (p =.001), and IDO1 (p = 2.8e-05). Spearman correlation test showed a positive correlation of PD-L1 with CTLA-4 (0.52), IDO1 (0.48), PIK3CA (0.39), and PTEN (0.11). Differential expression analysis between high and low PD-L1 expressing tumors identified 144 genes. Pathway analysis of the 144 genes indicated significant enrichment of DNA repair genes. Consistent with these findings, PD-L1 expression was negatively associated with BRCA1 expression (p=0.001) and positively correlated with HUS1 and FANCA expression (p=8e-13). Conclusions: The expression of immune regulatory targets in the TNBC population suggests that immune- targeted therapies may be effective in subsets of TNBC. This is particularly true for patients with AR-negative TNBCs who may benefit from PD-L1 and CTLA-4 targeted therapies. The positive correlation of PIK3CA and PD-L1 may indicate that combination therapy targeting both pathways may be beneficial. In addition, the inverse correlation of BRCA1 with PD-L1 suggests a potential role for platinum-based therapy in combination with anti-PD-L1. Further prospective validation of these findings is ongoing.
Changes in the Labeling Index and DNA Content of Liver Cells During Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Liver Tumorigenesis in &lt;italic&gt;Oryzias latipes&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Y Kyono, A Shima, N Egami
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)
Deep subcutaneous adipose tissue lipid unsaturation associates with intramyocellular lipid content
Authors: Jesper Lundbom, Alessandra Bierwagen, Kálmán Bodis, Julia Szendrödi, Jaakko Kaprio, Aila Rissanen, Nina Lundbom, Michael Roden, Kirsi H. Pietiläinen
Journal: Metabolism (2016)
Albumin Synthesis
Authors: Marcus A. Rothschild, Murray Oratz, Sidney S. Schreiber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Health and Disease (Table 2)Cirrhosis of the Liver113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123This disease is one of the most complex disorders to afflict man and it is becoming one of the most prevalent of the chronic disorders. For years the serum albumin level has been considered to be a reliable index of the functional status of the liver. In the early 1940's Patek and Post clearly showed that, in patients without ascites, a serum albumin level below 2 g per 100 ml was a bad prognostic sign, suggesting that impaired synthesis was the cause of this lowered albumin level. Yet, in patients with . . .
Cataracts
Authors: Carolyn J. Hildreth
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Cataracts Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness worldwide.They can occur at any age, but most cataracts occur in people over 40 years old and are considered an age-related eye disease.A cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye.The lens is a transparent disc located behind the pupil (dark opening in the center of the eye) and the iris (the distinctly colored part around the pupil).The lens helps to focus light on the retina, located at the back of the eye, where nerve signals are created and transmitted to the brain to create the visual image for what is seen.The lens is made of water, proteins, and polysaccharides.As we age, some of the proteins begin to clump together and the area in the lens associated with these proteins becomes cloudy.This results in a gradual change in the lens from transparent to yellowish brown.Light passing through a lens with a cataract is not clearly focused on the retina, so images received from the brain may be blurred or brown tinged.Cataracts may progress over a number of years and do not require treatment unless they compromise vision or prevent examination or treatment for other eye disorders.The May 20, 2009, issue of JAMA includes an article about cataract surgery.