tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arterial congestive gastropathy: a new entity?
Authors: Chiara De Cassan, Giulia Girardin, Alberto Ponzoni, Giacomo Sturniolo, Edoardo Savarino
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Aneurysms of the gastric and gastroepiploic arteries are very rare, and most that do occur are asymptomatic [1] [2] [3]. In some cases, however, they can be symptomatic, presenting with abdominal pain or tender masses, or they can undergo erosion or rupture with massive bleeding [4] [5]. We present the first case of arterial congestive gastropathy ever described.
A8.13 TLR regulated MIR-23A down-regulated in psoriatic arthritis
Authors: S Wade, M Trenkmann, T McGarry, C Orr, DJ Veale, U Fearon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

<h3>Background and purpose</h3> Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) is amultifaceted disease associated with Psoriasis. Key pathogeneic mechanisms seen at all disease sites include angiogenesis, invasion, migration, proliferation and more specifically to joint involvement, osteoclastogenesis. These aberrant processes have been previously associated with dysregulated miRNA expression, a class of small non-coding RNAs which exert their function through suppression of specific target genes. More specifically, the miR-23a Cluster (miR-23a, miR-27a and miR-24–2) as in other chronic conditions, such as cancer. <h3>Methods</h3> Synovial tissue biopsies and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from PsA (n = 8), osteoarthritis (OA) (n = 7), and healthy controls (n = 8). To determine factors involved in regulating miRNA expression, primary PsA synovial fibroblasts (SFC) were isolated and cultured with candidate pro-inflammatory stimuli including TLR ligands: Pam3CSK4 (1 µg/ml), LPS (1 µg/ml), polyIC (10 µg/ml) and pro-inflammatory cytokines: IL-1β (1 ng/ml), TNFα (10 ng/ml) and IL-17 (20ng/ml). MiR-23a, miR-27a and miR-24–2 expression was quantified by RT-PCR using RNU48 as an endogenous control. Clinical demographics such as synovitis, vascularity, DAS-28 CRP, TJC, SJC and patient global were also assessed. <h3>Results</h3> All members of the miR-23a cluster, miR-23a, miR-27a and miR-24–2, were significantly decreased PsA synovial tissue versus OA (p = 0.0172). Synovial miR-23a expression negatively correlated with matched PBMC miR-23a (r=-1.00, p = 0.0167), demonstrating a dissociation in miR-23a expression between systemic and local inflammation. In addition, miR-23a expression in PsA synovial biopsies inversely correlated with DAS28-CRP (r= -0.5294, p = 0.035) and distinguished patient synovial vascularity and synovitis into high versus low groupings (all &lt; 0.05). TLR activation <i>via</i> PolyIC (TLR3) and LPS (TLR4), but not Pam3CSK4 (TLR2), significantly decreased miR-23a expression in PsA SFC (all p &lt; 0.05), with no effect observed for pro-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, <i>in silico</i> analysis identified putative targets for miR-23a, including PDE4B and PTK2B, which are known mediators in immune pathways, osteoclast function and angiogenic mechanisms. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our data provides evidence that the miR-23a cluster is significantly decreased in PsAsynovium. Synovial miR-23a levels, regulated by TLRs, correlate and distinguish clinical markers. Both previously confirmed and new potential targets identified here may have putative pathogenic implications for PsA pathogenesis. Thereby, the miR-23a cluster may represent a potential novel biomarker for disease activity or elucidate new therapeutic strategies.
Abstract 4031: Distinct gene expression profile of recurrent stage II colorectal cancers in African American and Caucasian American patients.
Authors: Trafina Jadhav, Dongquan Chen, Balananda-Dhurjati Kumar Putcha, Temesgen Samuel, James Posey, Martin Heslin, Upender Manne
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Objective: To determine gene expression profile of Stage II colorectal cancers (CRCs) based on disease recurrence and patient race/ethnicity. Background: About 25-35% of Stage II CRCs recur after potentially curative surgery. Furthermore, the incidence, recurrence, and mortality rates for CRC are higher in African Americans (AAs) relative to Caucasian Americans (CAs), even when they are diagnosed with early stage disease. Differences in tumor biology may contribute to this race-based disparity. Thus, identification of these ‘high-risk’ patients is an unmet medical need. Methods: Using GeneChip microarray technology, we obtained gene expression profiles for Stage II CRCs from 16 AA and 30 CA patients. Samples from recurrent disease, within 5 years post-surgery (n=5 in AA, n= 9 in CA) were compared against non-recurrent, within 10 years post-surgery, (n=11 in AA, and n=21 in CA) samples. The data were analyzed for expression differences at the gene level comparing AA with CA patients and further analyzed for functions and pathways. Results: In the samples of recurrent CRCs, a significant number of genes (n=561) were differentially expressed, with a false-discovery rate of ≤5%. Further analyses showed 253 genes differentially expressed within the AA recurrent subgroup and 317 genes in CA recurrent subgroup. In recurrent CRCs, there were 9 genes common to AA and CA patients, suggesting a common gene signature specific for Stage II disease. Canonical pathway analyses and interaction network analyses for these differentially expressed genes revealed that ERK/MAPK, protein kinase A, and CDK5 signaling were the top three affected signaling pathways in recurrent samples from AAs. In contrast, RhoA, integrin, and cell cycle control signaling were the top three affected pathways in Stage II CRCs of CAs. This suggests, for samples from CAs and AAs, a distinct race-based gene expression and downstream effects on pathways. Conclusion: A common gene expression signature, specific for stage II, together with a race-specific expression profile may have therapeutic implications for AA and CA patients. Citation Format: Trafina Jadhav, Dongquan Chen, Balananda-Dhurjati Kumar Putcha, Temesgen Samuel, James Posey, Martin Heslin, Upender Manne. Distinct gene expression profile of recurrent stage II colorectal cancers in African American and Caucasian American patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4031. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4031
PLAQUE CHARACTERIZATION INFORMS THE RISK OF PERIPROCEDURAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DURING PCI: THE COLOR REGISTRY
Authors: Wenbin Zhang, Giora Weisz, Mitsuaki Matsumura, Myong Hwa Yamamoto, Annapoorna Kini, Emmanouil Brilakis, Kendrick Shunk, James Goldstein, Priti Shah, James Muller, Jordan Andrews, Ovidiu Dressler, Gary Mintz, Stephen Nicholls, Gregg Stone, Akiko Maehara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Evaluation of the surveillance system for undiagnosed serious infectious illness (USII) in intensive care units, England, 2011 to 2013
Authors: G Dabrera, B Said, H Kirkbride, Collective On behalf of the USII Collaborating Group
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Emerging infections are a potential risk during mass gathering events due to the congregation of large numbers of international travellers. To mitigate this risk for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, a sentinel surveillance system was developed to identify clusters of emerging infections presenting as undiagnosed serious infectious illness (USII) in intensive care units (ICUs). Following a six month pilot period, which had begun in January 2011, the surveillance was operational for a further 18 months spanning the Games. The surveillance system and reported USII cases were reviewed and evaluated after this 18 month operational period including assessment of positive predictive value (PPV), timeliness, acceptability and sensitivity of the system. Surveillance records were used to review reported cases and calculate the PPV and median reporting times of USII surveillance. Sensitivity was assessed through comparison with the pilot period. Participating clinicians completed a five-point Likert scale questionnaire about the acceptability of surveillance. Between 11 July 2011 and 10 January 2013, 34 cases were reported. Of these, 22 remained classified as USII at the time of the evaluation, none of which were still hospitalised. No clusters were identified. The 22 USII cases had no association with the Games, suggesting that they represented the background level of USII in the area covered by the surveillance. This corresponded to an annualised rate of 0.39 cases/100,000 population and a PPV of 65%. Clinicians involved in the surveillance reported high acceptability levels. The USII surveillance model could be a useful public health tool in other countries and during mass gathering events for identifying potential clusters of emerging infections.
Abstract 2796: Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and prostate cancer risk in a large male cohort
Authors: Demetrius Albanes, Stephanie J. Weinstein, Kirk Snyder, Kai Yu, Ronald Horst, Jarmo Virtamo
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Vitamin D compounds have been shown to inhibit prostate tumorigenesis experimentally, but based on the small number of epidemiological studies conducted to date, the relation between vitamin D status and prostate cancer risk remains unclear. We investigated the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and prostate cancer in a nested case-control study within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study of 50-69 year old Finnish men. To 1,000 cases diagnosed during up to 20 years of follow-up, we matched 1,000 controls on age (within 1 year) and baseline blood collection date (within 30 days). Serum samples were assayed for 25(OH)D using the DiaSorin LIAISON 25(OH)D method (intra-batch and inter-batch CVs, 10.5% and 12.3%), and conditional multivariate logistic regression models estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the prostate cancer-25(OH)D association, conditioned on the matching factors and adjusted for body mass index, residence, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and the trial supplements. 25(OH)D concentrations were categorized according to quintiles based on control cut-points of &amp;lt;18.6, −28.3, −39.7, &amp;gt;53.3 nmol/L. ORs (95% CIs) for Q1-Q5 were 1.00 (reference), 1.39 (1.04-1.86), 1.54 (1.14-2.08), 1.20 (0.88-1.62), and 1.41 (1.03-1.93)(p-trend=0.06). These findings were similar for subgroups of age, season of blood draw, time from blood draw to diagnosis, body mass index, vitamin D intake, and disease stage. Analyses of 25(OH)D based on clinically-defined categories, season-adjusted (by regression residual method), and season-specific cut-points yielded similar results. Our findings suggest that men with lower serum 25(OH)D levels may be at lower risk of developing prostate cancer compared to men with higher levels. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2796.
Mirror representations innate versus determined by experience: A viewpoint from learning theory
Authors: Martin A. Giese
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract From the viewpoint of pattern recognition and computational learning, mirror neurons form an interesting multimodal representation that links action perception and planning. While it seems unlikely that all details of such representations are specified by the genetic code, robust learning of such complex representations likely requires an appropriate interplay between plasticity, generalization, and anatomical constraints of the underlying neural architecture.
Observations Concerning the Extracorporeal Dialysis of Lymph in the Management of Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Harry E. Sarles, August R. Remmers, Thomas S. Hargest, Garland H. Smith, Curtis P. Artz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

CHRONIC renal failure so severe that maximum medical management fails to accomplish renal compensation continues to be a common and discouraging clinical problem. The search for effective means of augmenting renal function has been directed largely toward renal homotransplantation and chronic extracorporeal hemodialysis.1 To date, chronic intermittent extracorporeal hemodialysis has proved to be the more successful method of management of these patients.1 2 3 Attempts to improve the effectiveness and lessen the expense of a program of chronic dialysis have prompted an investigation of extracorporeal lymph dialysis. During the last two months the daily collection, dialysis and reinfusion of the lymph of . . .
P213 The Prevalence and Impact of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Symptoms in Stable COPD Patients
Authors: ARC Patel, BS Kowlessar, GC Donaldson, R Singh, AJ Mackay, S Brill, JA Wedzicha, JR Hurst
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) has been associated with increased COPD exacerbation frequency (Terada et al, Thorax 2008) and was independently associated with the frequent exacerbator phenotype in the ECLIPSE study (Hurst et al, NEJM 2010). We aimed to quantify the prevalence and impact of GORD in stable COPD in terms of airflow limitation, dyspnoea, health status and exacerbation frequency in a well-characterised cohort. <h3>Methods</h3> Stable outpatients from the London COPD cohort completed the Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of Gastro-oesophageal reflux (FSSG), Hull Airway Reflux Questionnaire (HARQ), MRC dyspnoea score, and St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) during clinic visits. Spirometry was performed in accordance with ATS/ERS guidance. Comorbidities including GOR and all medications were recorded by clinical research staff. Exacerbations were defined using our usual symptomatic criteria from daily diary cards (Seemungal et al, AJRCCM 1998). <h3>Results</h3> 156 stable COPD patients had a mean±SD age of 72.2±9.7 years, 63% male, 29% current smokers, median (IQR) 46 (25,59) pack years, mean±SD FEV1 1.34±0.57L and 54.4±20.2%predicted, BMI 26.5±5.7kg/m2. 60 (38%) patients had a diagnosis of GORD, of whom 45 (75%) were taking regular acid suppression therapy (42 proton pump inhibitors, 3 H<sub>2</sub> antagonists). COPD patients with GORD had a higher exacerbation frequency than those without (median (IQR) 2.0 (1.0,3.4) vs 1.2 (0.0, 3.0) per year, p=0.028). In those with GORD, the use of acid suppression therapy did not impact exacerbation frequency (median (IQR) 2.0 (1.0,4.0) (n=45) vs 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) (n=15) per year, p=0.431). FSSG and HARQ scores were both related to COPD exacerbation frequency (rho=0.159, p=0.050 and rho=0.185, p=0.021 respectively) and more strongly to SGRQ (r=0.425, p&lt;0.001 and r=0.439, p&lt;0.001 respectively). They were not related to MRC dyspnoea score (rho=0.079, p=0.367 and rho=0.126, p=0.148 respectively) or FEV1% predicted (r=–0.063, p=0.452 and r=–0.067, p=0.416 respectively). <h3>Conclusions</h3> GORD is common in COPD and is associated with higher exacerbation frequency, although acid suppression therapy does not appear to affect this. Higher GORD symptom scores relate to worse health status and higher exacerbation frequency but not to airflow limitation or dyspnoea. Understanding the mechanisms may lead to novel effective interventions in COPD.
Ensuring Patient Privacy in Data Sharing for Postapproval Research
Authors: Ameet Sarpatwari, Aaron S. Kesselheim, Bradley A. Malin, Joshua J. Gagne, Sebastian Schneeweiss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Postapproval studies of drugs and devices are essential to identify late adverse events, but patients' privacy must be protected when EMR data are shared. This article discusses ways to balance the need for high-quality postapproval information and respect for patients' privacy.
Evidence of the role of psychosocial factors in diabetes mellitus: a review
Authors: J W Helz, B Templeton
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

Diabetes mellitus is a very prevalent illness that produces a variety of stresses for the individual patient, but the role of psychosocial factors in this illness is frequently minimized in the teaching of physicians and the care of patients. The authors review a framework for evaluating the role of psychosocial issues in illness in general and examine the evidence that demonstrates the importance of these issues in diabetes.
Immunoglobulin Content in the Bronchial Washings of Patients with Benign and Malignant Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Mark A. Mandel, Kenneth J. Dvorak, Leonard W. Worman, Jerome J. DeCosse
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The bronchial washings of 58 patients with benign and neoplastic conditions involving the lungs were evaluated for immunoglobulin content. Levels in the washings from the diseased lung were compared with those from the normal contralateral lung. In normal patients and those with either bilateral inflammatory disease or unilateral bronchiectasis or tuberculosis, the mean variation in IgA/K and IgG/K ratios between diseased and uninvolved lungs was minimal. In unilateral pneumonitis, however, IgG/K was markedly elevated (P<0.01). Significant changes in the IgA/K occurred on the affected side in patients with cancer. In the group with squamous-cell cancer, the mean elevation was 4.6 times that of contralateral lung (P<0.005), whereas with adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma, the rise was 6.4 and 2.8 times, respectively (P<0.01 and P<0.01). Thus, carcinoma appears to alter local immunoglobulin production in the affected lung as compared to its normal counterpart. (N Engl J Med 295:694–698, 1976)
FRI0598-HPR Patients with musculoskeletal complaints do less vigorous physical activity and have poorer physical fitness than population controls
Authors: T. Moseng, A. T. Tveter, I. Holm, H. Dagfinrud
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Studies have shown that patients with chronic low back pain and osteoarthritis tend to be less physically active<sup>1</sup> or have lower level of physical fitness than healthy controls<sup>2;3</sup>. It is well established that low fitness levels are associated with development of lifestyle-related diseases, delayed recovery and increased consumption of health care services. It is therefore important to focus on physical activity and fitness levels in patients with different musculoskeletal complaints (MSCs) seeing physiotherapists in primary care. <h3>Objectives</h3> Examine physical activity and physical fitness (cardiorespiratory endurance and muscular strength) in patients with different MSCs seeking physiotherapy in primary care and in population controls. <h3>Methods</h3> In this cohort study, 167 patients with varying MSCs were recruited from five primary care physiotherapy clinics in Norway. In addition, 313 population controls were recruited. The participants reported on physical activity (measured as metabolic equivalents (METs)) by use of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ-sf). Their physical fitness was assessed using the Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and The Thirty Seconds Sit to Stand Test (30secSTS). <h3>Results</h3> The patient group reported significantly less vigorous activity (median 0, range 0-4320 MET min/week) compared to the control group (median 240, range 0-10080 MET min/week) (p=.001), while no significant differences were observed for moderate activity (p=.731), walking (p =.655) or total activity (p=.292). Analyses adjusted for age, BMI and gender showed that patients had significantly lower cardiorespiratory endurance (difference 6MWT 68.7 meter (95% CI 52.4, 85.1)) (p=&lt;.001) and poorer muscular strength (difference 30secSTS 6.5 repetitions (95% CI 5.4, 7.5)) (p=&lt;.001) than controls. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Patients with different musculoskeletal complaints seeing physiotherapists in primary care reported significantly less vigorous intensity physical activity and had significantly poorer physical fitness than population controls. <h3>References</h3> Farr JN, Going SB, Lohman TG, Rankin L, Kasle S, Cornett M et al. Physical activity levels in patients with early knee osteoarthritis measured by accelerometry. <i>Arthritis Rheum</i> 2008; 59(9):1229-1236. Hodselmans AP, Dijkstra PU, Geertzen JH, van der Schans CP. Nonspecific chronic low back pain patients are deconditioned and have an increased body fat percentage. <i>Int J Rehabil Res</i> 2010; 33(3):268-270. Ryan CG, Grant PM, Dall PM, Gray H, Newton M, Granat MH. Individuals with chronic low back pain have a lower level, and an altered pattern, of physical activity compared with matched controls: an observational study. <i>Aust J Physiother</i> 2009; 55(1):53-58. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
DIABETES MELLITUS IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED MITOCHONDRIAL OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION SYSTEM AND INCREASED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN HUMAN ATRIA
Authors: Larisa Emelyanova, Milanka Petrovic, Ekhson Holmuhamedov, Farhan Rizvi, Gracious Ross, David C. Kress, A. Jamil Tajik, Arshad Jahangir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Messenger RNA Repair and Restoration of Protein Function by Spliceosome-Mediated RNA Trans-Splicing
Authors: M Puttaraju, Janet DiPasquale, Carl C Baker, Lloyd G Mitchell, Mariano A Garcia-Blanco
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

The functional repertoire of the human genome is amplified by the differential assortment of exons. Spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing can mobilize these packets of genetic information to reprogram mRNAs. In principle, this process could repair defective transcripts in loss-of-function genetic disorders in humans. We developed a tractable lacZ repair system to serve as a model for these genetic disorders. Targeted pre-trans-splicing RNA molecules efficiently and specifically repaired mutated lacZ transcripts and restored enzymatic activity in human cells. The development of this model confirms the potential for spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing in genetic repairs and provides a powerful tool for rational design and in vitro evolution of pre-trans-splicing molecules.
Case 17-1994
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Deborah J. Cotton, Sigrid Regauer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Presentation of CaseA 38-year-old man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal pain and bleeding from the rectum.Two-and-a-half years earlier Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia had developed, and the diagnosis of AIDS was established. The patient recovered and entered a study that compared zidovudine with didanosine. Eight months before entry he returned to the hospital because of chronic fatigue and was found to have cytomegalovirus colitis. Ganciclovir was begun, and he was discharged improved.Two months before entry the patient was readmitted because of worsening fatigue, fever, and exertional dyspnea. Radiographs of the . . .
Maryland links up with the WHO
Authors: J. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The US state of Maryland has become a partner with a unique programme of the World Health Organisation. The agreement represents another step in a trend towards new alliances to promote flexibility and innovation in aid programmes. It also represents an irony: a rich state is asking poor countries to teach it some lessons.

At a time when the WHO is being criticised as a behemoth that launches global programmes that are not sustained, its Division of Intensified Cooperation may signal a new approach to serving poor people in both poor and rich countries. The cooperation is a tiny division with a budget of £5m--about 1% of the WHO's total budget--and nine professional staff.

The programme has already …
ADHERENCE TO PUBLISHED GUIDELINES IN PRESCRIBING ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC MEDICATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Dingxin Qin, George Leef, Mian Bilal Alam, Rohit Rattan, Muhammad Bilal Munir, Divyang Patel, Furqan Habib Khattak, Nishit Vaghasia, Sandeep Jain, Samir Saba
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)