tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-141 Circulating biomarkers for predicting the response to neoadjuvant therapy in oesophago-gastric cancer
Authors: D Bunting, G Sanders
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Neoadjuvant therapy is used to improve survival in OG cancer, however, only 1 in 4 patients respond sufficiently to gain any benefit. Non-responders are exposed to the toxic effects of therapy and a delay to surgery. Predicting the response to neoadjuvant therapy could lead to more individualised patient care and better outcomes. Pre-therapy biomarkers have shown the most promise. Serum/plasma markers are not reliant on invasive tests, are repeatable and can often be measured using basic, widely available laboratory techniques. <h3>Method</h3> A systematic search of the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cinharl databases was performed combining the terms “(o)esophageal cancer” or “gastric cancer” and “therapy”, “chemotherapy” or “chemoradiotherapy” and “predict” and “response”. Additional studies were identified through reference lists, and the PubMed search/related articles features. Only clinical studies and those using neoadjuvant therapies were included. <h3>Results</h3> 542 articles were identified from the search, of which 28 met all criteria for inclusion in the analysis. Pre-therapy biomarkers predictive of response are presented in the table divided into groups according to marker function/pathway involved. The relationship between marker levels and outcome are detailed along with P- value, study size and author/publication year. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A number of circulating biomarkers show potential for predicting response to neoadjuvant therapy and serial measurements may be able to monitor response <i>in vivo</i>. These markers need to be validated in larger, prospective studies before being adopted into randomised studies designed to investigate their potential clinical benefit. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Extrapyramidal reactions in adolescents treated with high-potency antipsychotics
Authors: J A Chiles
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

Bandura (7) proposed that unless the external conditions controlling a set ofdeviant responses are altered, removal by behavior therapy of one type of maladaptive behavior merely results in the emergence of alternative deviant responses. Wolpe (8) seemed to argue for the presence of an internal ‘ ‘autonomic core of neurotic reactions’ ‘ in his report of the case of an obese woman who became depressed after aversion therapy helped to eliminate her overeating. Kanfer and Phillips (9) suggested that new problems could emerge when a patient encountered previously avoided situations for which he lacked well-learned coping skills. In the case I have described, treatment for needle phobia was successful but produced a marked cxacerbation of the patient’s social and travel phobias. One possible explanation is that his phobias played an essential part in his relationship with his girlfriend and that he was resorting to another set of maladaptive phobic behaviors to secure relative stability in the relationship. Hafner’s recent study (10) ofthe husbands of agoraphobic women seems to substantiate this cxplanation.
Pseudoneuroblastoma demonstrated by I-123 MIBG SPECT.
Authors: CHIO OKUYAMA, YO USHIJIMA, TOMOKI NAKAMURA, TSUNEHIKO NISHIMURA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

OKUYAMA, CHIO M.D.; USHIJIMA, YO M.D., Ph.D.; NAKAMURA, TOMOKI M.D.; NISHIMURA, TSUNEHIKO M.D., Ph.D. Author Information
The National Intern Matching Program
Authors: J R McJOYNT, E L CROSBY
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PTH-321 Exosomes and microparticles: distinct extracellular compartments which convey genetic information in the colorectal tumour microenvironment
Authors: R Bhome, R Goh, J Primrose, AE Sayan, A Mirnezami
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Exosomes and microparticles (MPs) are extracellular vesicles secreted by tumour and stromal cells. Exosomes (40–100 nm) originate in the cytoplasm and are a product of the lysosome-endosome pathway. MPs (100–1000 nm) are larger vesicles which simply bud off from the cell membrane. Exosomes and MPs are known to contain oncogenic (e.g. microRNA-21) and tumour suppressing (e.g. microRNA-200b) microRNAs (miRs). We aim to: (i) screen for cancer-associated microRNAs which are upregulated in exosomes/ MPs from human colorectal cancer fibroblasts; (ii) ascertain the effect of myofibroblast transdifferentiation on cellular and vesicular miR-21 content; (iii) ascertain the effect of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) on cellular and vesicular miR-200b content; and (iv) compare cellular, exosomal and MP microRNA content for each model above. <h3>Method</h3> Several models were used: (i) primary cancer-associated and normal human colorectal fibroblasts; (ii) HFFF2 fibroblasts – treated with TGF-beta (myofibroblasts) and untreated (fibroblasts); and (iii) SIP-1 induced (EMT positive) and uninduced (EMT negative) DLD-1 colorectal cancer cells. Exosomes and MPs were isolated by selective centrifugation and validated by transmission electron microscopy, western blotting and flow cytometry. A cancer microRNA array (Quantimir) was used to screen for 95 specific microRNAs. Quantitative PCR (TaqMan) was used to measure relative miR-21 and miR-200b concentrations. <h3>Results</h3> Screening revealed distinct microRNA expression profiles in cancer-associated and normal colorectal fibroblasts. MiR-149 and -150 were upregulated in the cellular compartment, miR-92 and -133 in the MP compartment and miR-17–3p and -202 in the exosomal compartment of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cellular miR-21 concentration was exponentially higher in myofibroblasts than fibroblasts. This was reflected at the exosomal (2.28+/-0.03 vs. 1.00+/-0.04) but not the MP level. SIP induced colorectal cancer cells had 13-fold less miR-200b than uninduced cells. Again, this was reflected at the exosomal (0.24+/-0.01 vs. 1.00+/-0.04) but not the MP level. <h3>Conclusion</h3> MicroRNA screening showed that the cellular, exosomal and MP compartments contain distinct microRNA profiles. In the myofibroblast transdifferentiation and EMT models, exosomal but not MP microRNA concentrations changed significantly and mirrored that of the parent cells. Compared to MPs, exosomes originate deep within the cytoplasm and their proximity to the nuclear machinery may explain this phenomenon. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
PTU-282 Dysplasia following stapled restorative procto-colectomy for ulcerative colitis: is there a correlation between pre-op colorectal dysplasia and development of post-op dysplasia in the rectal cuff mucosa?
Authors: T Elarini, S Chadi, G Dasilva, M Berho, SD Wexner
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Preserved rectal cuff mucosa following restorative proctocolectomy with ileal-pouch anal anastomosis (RPC-IPAA) in mucosal ulcerative colitis (MUC) carries the risk of malignant transformation and/or recurrent active inflammation (cuffitis). This study aimed to determine: any correlation between pre-op colorectal dysplasia or malignancy and post-op rectal cuff dysplasia; overall risk of post-op dysplasia development in MUC patients after stapled RPC-IPAA; patient compliance with annual rectal cuff biopsies; any potential post-op period during which rectal cuff dysplasia is more prevalent. <h3>Method</h3> After IRB approval, all MUC patients who underwent stapled RPC-IPAA were identified. Review of demographics, risk factors, operative details and pathology reports (pre- and post-op surveillance biopsies as well as operative specimens) was conducted. <h3>Results</h3> 611 MUC patients [mean age 46.7 (11–89 years), 368 (60%) males] underwent stapled RPC-IPAA from 1988–2011. Pathology reports were unavailable in 45 and 239 patients had no post-op surveillance biopsies. Among a cohort of 566 patients with obtainable perioperative reports, 16 (2.8%) were histologically diagnosed with “Crohn’s disease (CD)”, 104 (18.4%) with “dysplasia/indefinite for dysplasia without malignancy” and 44 (7.8%) with “adenocarcinoma with or without dysplasia”. Incidental small bowel carcinoid tumours were detected in operative specimens of 6 (1%) patients. 327 patients (58%) had a mean of 8.5 (1–16) identifiable annual post-op rectal cuff biopsies. 282/327 patients (86.2%) had ≤5 post-op surveillance years records available. Post-op rectal cuff dysplasia was identified in 5 patients (1.5%): 2 had no history of dysplasia, 1 had pre-op dysplasia by biopsy, 1 was diagnosed with CD without dysplasia and 1 with adenocarcinoma. One incidence of malignant lymphoma was identified in a post-op pouch surveillance biopsy of a patient who had a previous incidental appendiceal carcinoid. All histologically abnormal post-op surveillance specimens were detected in the first 5 postoperative years. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The incidence of dysplasia in the rectal cuff after stapled RPC-IPAA in MUC patients was very low (1.5%). There was no correlation between pre-op colorectal dysplasia/malignancy and post-op rectal cuff dysplasia. 327 patients (58%) had a mean of 8.5 (1–16) identifiable annual post-op rectal cuff biopsies. Although no histologically abnormal lesions were detected after 5 post-op surveillance years, 13.8% of patients continued follow up beyond 5 years. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
The sFlt-1:PlGF Ratio in Women with Suspected Preeclampsia
Authors: Daniele Bolla, Andrea Papadia, Luigi Raio
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

The sFlt-1:PlGF Ratio in Women with Suspected PreeclampsiaTo the Editor: The article by Zeisler and colleagues (Jan.7 issue) 1 showed that a ratio of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) to placental growth factor (PlGF) of 38 or lower ruled out preeclampsia with a negative predictive value of 99.3% within 1 week in women with clinical suspicion of it.Critical in this study are the inclusion criteria used to define "impending" preeclampsia.In medicine, a definition of suspected preeclampsia is lacking, and the inclusion of patients at low risk may artificially increase the negative predictive value of a test by diluting the weight of false negative events.Only 41.5% of the women in the validation cohort had new-onset hypertension or an exacerbation of preexisting hypertension.Other clinical symptoms considered as inclusion criteria are often described in women with overt preeclampsia and used to define its severity, but in the absence of an elevated blood pressure, they lose their clinical importance.We wonder whether the simple inclusion of blood pressure instead of the angiogenic ratio in the evaluation of symptomatic patients would have yielded the same figure for the negative predictive value.
PTU-094 A study of the prevalence and effects of insulin resistance in chronic hepatitis c patients with genotype 4
Authors: AF Amer, Manal Badour, Mohamed Elshazly, Gilan Fadaly, Nesrine Hanafy, Sara Asar
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> During the past years, studies have provided evidence that hepatitis C virus (HCV) can independently contribute to insulin resistance (IR) and may interfere with insulin signalling pathway using genotype-specific mechanisms. HCV-associated insulin resistance may cause accelerated fibrogenesis, reduced response to IFN-based therapy and hepatocellutar carcinoma. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of insulin resistance in Egyptian patients infected with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 4; being the most prevalent genotype, to assess factors associated with insulin resistance in those patients and to test the impact of insulin resistance on treatment outcome. <h3>Method</h3> One hundred non diabetic adult patients with histologically proven chronic hepatitis C (CHC), genotype4 were randomly enrolled to test the prevalence of insulin resistanceusing the homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR). Based on the results of the prevalence study, 71 consecutive treatment-naïve patients were chosen for testing treatment outcomes associated with various degrees of insulin resistance. All patients were given a combination of pegylated interferon and ribavirin for an intended duration of 48 weeks. Quantitative HCV RNA estimation and HOMA-IR testing were done at baseline, during therapy and at the end of treatment. <h3>Results</h3> Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR &gt;3) was detected in 31 patients (31%). HOMA-IR was positively correlated with age, basal viral load, BMI, triglycerides, fibrosis and steatosis with results regarding basal viral load and incidence of fibrosis mounting to a statistical significance (p = 0.029 and p = 0.026 respectively). When data were analysed by multivariate linear regression, viral load remained the only independent factor associated with elevated HOMA-IR levels (p = 0.001). Overall, 59 patients of those followed for assessing treatment outcomes achieved an end of treatment response (ETR) (59/71,83%). A univariate analysis showed that those were significantly younger, had lower HOMA-IR scores, less viral load and less steatosis compared with non-responders. However, after logistic regression, baseline viral load remained the only independent factor associated with ETR (odds ratio = 0.098, p = 0.006). A progressive significant decline in HOMA-IR scores was noted in this group of patients when comparing values before commencement of therapy, during therapy and at end of follow-up period. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Insulin resistance is frequently encountered in genotype 4 CHC patients and is independently correlated with HCV viral load. Low baseline HOMA-IR is associated with favourable response to interferon-based therapy and may be a useful predictor for treatment responsiveness. Viral eradication leads to improvement in insulin sensitivity. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Circadian CEA variability: when to sample.
Authors: C Focan, D Focan-Henrard, M H Frere, S L Hung, V Castronovo, J Collette, P Franchimont, Y Touitou, F Levi, R Roemeling
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1986.4.4.607 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3958771 Circadian CEA variability: when to sample. C FocanxC FocanSearch for articles by this author , D Focan-HenrardxD Focan-HenrardSearch for articles by this author , M H FrerexM H FrereSearch for articles by this author , S L HungxS L HungSearch for articles by this author , V CastronovoxV CastronovoSearch for articles by this author , J CollettexJ ColletteSearch for articles by this author , P FranchimontxP FranchimontSearch for articles by this author , Y TouitouxY TouitouSearch for articles by this author , F LevixF LeviSearch for articles by this author , R RoemelingxR RoemelingSearch for articles by this author Show More https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1986.4.4.607 PDF "Circadian CEA variability: when to sample.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 4(4), pp. 607–608© 1986 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Survival analysis of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib: a single centre, real-word experience.
Authors: M. Maruzzo, U. Basso, A. Diminutto, A. Roma, A. Brunello, C. Aliberti, A. Banzato, I. Guglieri, G. Opocher, F. Zattoni, V. Zagonel
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
The Value of Urinary Cytology, Serum and Urinary Carcinoembryogenic Antigen, Rheumatoid Factors, and Urinary Immunoglobulin Concentration as Tumor Markers or Prognostic Factors in Predicting Progression of Superficial Bladder Cancer
Authors: H. Huland, U. Otto, M. Droese
Journal: European Urology (1983)
Prostate Cancer: The Price of Early Detection
Authors: Patricia A. Ganz, Mark S. Litwin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2001)

Article Tools EDITORIAL Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.6.1587 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11250986 Prostate Cancer: The Price of Early Detection Patricia A. GanzxPatricia A. GanzSearch for articles by this author , Mark S. LitwinxMark S. LitwinSearch for articles by this author Show More Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Los Angeles, CA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2001.19.6.1587 Full Text PDF Figures and Tables "Prostate Cancer: The Price of Early Detection." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 19(6), pp. 1587–1588© 2001 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Endoscopic treatment of recurrent bleeding from a portobiliary fistula with a fully covered self-expandable metal stent
Authors: Hoonsub So, Tae Song, Danbi Lee, Kyungwon Jung, Eun Gong, Dongwook Oh, Sang Lee
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Portobiliary fistula is a rare cause of hemobilia. It does not usually require any further intervention, but in some cases, persistent bleeding may result in bacteremia or hemodynamic compromise [1]. Previously this condition has been managed by percutaneous stent grafting or coil embolization [1] [2] [3]. We report a successful case in which recurrent bacteremia and upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to a portobiliary fistula were managed using a fully covered self-expandable metal stent (FCSEMS).
Stress Incontinence
Authors: Sharon Parmet
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Stress IncontinenceU rinary incontinence is any unintentional leakage of urine.It can be caused by several underlying medical conditions, including urinary infections, strokes, pregnancy, obesity, neurological problems, and other health problems sometimes associated with aging.Stress incontinence is a type of urinary incontinence.A person with stress incontinence is unable to hold urine while coughing, sneezing, or laughing or during other movements that put pressure on the bladder, the organ that collects and holds urine.Fortunately, stress incontinence can usually be successfully treated.The July 16, 2003, issue of JAMA includes an article about stress incontinence.
Survey of Animal Neoplasms in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California. I. Methodology and Description of Cases&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: C. R. Dorn, D. O. N. Taylor, F. L. Frye, H. H. Hibbard
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

A survey of spontaneous neoplasms in dogs and cats was conducted in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California. Veterinarians reported cases they observed to a central registry and submitted specimens for microscopic examination. In return for case reports, veterinarians received histopathologic diagnoses. After a pilot study in 8 practices, the study was expanded to 65 practices inside the 2 counties and 11 practices in the surrounding counties. During 3 years of reporting, 5,647 newly diagnosed neoplasm cases (2,174 malignant and 3,473 benign) were recorded. Of all neoplasms, 4,842 were from dogs, 621 from cats, and 184 from other domestic animals. In dogs, 34% of all neoplasms were malignant, while in cats 72% were malignant. The skin, including neoplasms of subcutaneous connective tissues and malignant melanomas of the skin, was the most common site of cancer reported in both dogs and cats. Mammary cancer was the next most common malignancy in dogs. Lymphosarcomas comprised a greater proportion of all malignant neoplasms of cats than of dogs.
Improving Nanoparticle Penetration in Tumors by Vascular Disruption with Acoustic Droplet Vaporization
Authors: Yi-Ju Ho, Yuan-Chih Chang, Chih-Kuang Yeh
Journal: Theranostics (2016)

Drug penetration influences the efficacy of tumor therapy.Although the leaky vessels of tumors can improve the penetration of nanodrugs via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, various aspects of the tumor microenvironment still restrict this process.This study investigated whether vascular disruption using the acoustic vaporization of micro-or nanoscale droplets (MDs or NDs) induced by ultrasound sonication can overcome the limitations of the EPR effect to allow drug diffusion into extensive regions.The intravital penetration of DiI-labeled liposomes (as a drug model with red fluorescence) was observed using an acousto-optical integrated system comprising a 2-MHz focused ultrasound transducer (transmitting a three-cycle single pulse and a peak negative pressure of 10 MPa) in a window-chamber mouse model.Histology images of the solid tumor were also used to quantify and demonstrate the locations where DiI-labeled liposomes accumulated.In the intravital image analyses, the cumulative diffusion area and fluorescence intensity at 180 min were 0.08±0.01mm 2 (mean±standard deviation) and 8.5±0.4%,respectively, in the EPR group, 0.33±0.01mm 2 and 13.1±0.4% in the MD group (p<0.01), and 0.63±0.01mm 2 and 18.9±1.1% in the ND group (p<0.01).The intratumoral accumulations of DiI-labeled liposomes were 1.7-and 2.3-fold higher in the MD and ND groups, respectively, than in the EPR group.These results demonstrate that vascular disruption induced by acoustic droplet vaporization can improve drug penetration more than utilizing the EPR effect.The NDs showed longer lifetime in vivo than MDs and provided potential abilities of long periods of treatment, intertissue ND vaporization, and intertissue NDs-converted bubble cavitation to improve the drug penetration and transport distance.
Hepatobiliary Cancer Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Authors: Al B Benson
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2003)

Hepatobiliary cancers are both common and highly lethal worldwide. However, in the United States, the incidence of hepatobiliary cancer is relatively low, with approximately 23,700 patients newly diagnosed each year. Gallbladder cancer is the most common of the hepatobiliary malignancies, accounting for approximately 30% of newly diagnosed cases in the United States. Along with summaries of the NCCN guidelines for the 4 subtypes of hepatobiliary cancer, this article includes a brief discussion of the epidemiology, pathology, etiology, staging, diagnosis, and treatment of each subtype. For the most recent version of the guidelines, please visit NCCN.org
Radiotherapy's role in local sarcoma control and quality of life.
Authors: L M Toonkel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1985)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1985.3.7.1042 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 4020401 Radiotherapy's role in local sarcoma control and quality of life. L M ToonkelxL M ToonkelSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1985.3.7.1042 PDF "Radiotherapy's role in local sarcoma control and quality of life.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 3(7), pp. 1042–1043© 1985 by American Society of Clinical Oncology