tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surveillance de l’exposition professionnelle aux pathogènes du sang chez le personnel de santé : le programme national italien
Authors: G Ippolito, V Puro, N Petrosillo, G De Carli
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1999)

Les personnels de sante sont exposes a un risque serieux d’infections par voie sanguine, en particulier aux virus de l’hepatite B et C (VHB et VHC) et au virus de l’immunodeficience humaine (VIH), chacun associe a une importante morbidite ou mortalite. En 1986, le centre coordinateur de l’Etude italienne sur les risques professionnels d’infections par le VIH (Studio Italiano Rischio Occupazionale da HIV, SIROH) a debute une etude multicentrique prospective afin d’estimer le risque de transmission du VIH et d'autres agents pathogenes transmissibles par voie sanguine chez les personnels de sante suite a une exposition professionnelle a du sang ou a d'autres composants biologiques, et d’identifier les instruments, procedures ou metiers a haut risque dans le secteur de la sante. Depuis 1990, le centre coordinateur est responsable du Registre italien de la prophylaxie antiretrovirale post-exposition dont l’objectif est d’evaluer les prescriptions et la toxicite a court terme de la zidovudine (AZT) et, depuis 1995, des combinaisons d’antiretroviraux utilisees en prophylaxie. Apres une description du SIROH, cet article presente des resultats temoignant de l’interet de ce systeme.
134O RADIANT-4: Efficacy and safety of everolimus in advanced, nonfunctional neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of the lung or gastrointestinal (GI) tract
Authors: J.C. Yao, S. Singh, E. Wolin, M. Voi, L.B. Pacaud, J. Lincy, C. Sachs, J.W. Valle, E. Van Cutsem, Y. Shimada, D.-Y. Oh
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
European Perspectives
Authors: Radu Capalneanu
Journal: Circulation (2007)

A s the European Union (EU) expands eastward from its core countries, the disparity in medical practice within its borders grows.In some countries in Western Europe, such as France, waiting lists hardly exist, whereas in former Communist Bloc countries, such as Romania, the hospitals find themselves overwhelmed with patients who must often wait months before seeing doctors.And when these patients do reach the head of the queue, they often see overworked physicians with inadequate resources.Radu Capalneanu, MD, medical director of the Heart Institute Dr Nicolae Stancioiu, Cluj-Napoca, (Figure 1), who is halfway through his term of office as president of the Romanian Society of Cardiology (RSC), paints a somewhat dispiriting picture of cardiology in his country."The provision of services in Romania is insufficient, both qualitatively and quantitatively, due to an inadequate supply of equipment, both for diagnosis using computerised tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, gamma cameras, and so on, and treatment."He continues, "There is a shortage of surgical equipment, implantable defibrillators, and other electrophysiological devices.And the number of cardiologists in relation to the population is very low-about 900 for 23 million peopleand ambulatory units are few in number and poorly Cardiology departments overwhelmed with patients, crucial shortages of basic facilities, and pitiful salaries for specialists: Romania is a part of Europe struggling to escape from its past, says
Soundings: The lords medical
Authors: James Owen Drife
Journal: BMJ (1999)

I liked the House of Lords with its families of accidental legislators. Hereditary peers were motivated by the unfashionable principle of noblesse oblige. Without them, all parliamentarians are driven by personal ambition, just like the rest of us.

The upper house still has 26 lords spiritual and a similar number of law lords. The third great profession, medicine, is underrepresented. There are noble doctors but they have been selected by the prime minister for their excellent personal qualities—despite (you feel) rather than because of their medical backgrounds. By contrast, bishops arrive in the house by “achieving seniority.”

When the chamber is finally democratised, medicine, too, should be represented as of right. It consistently outscores other professions in terms of public respect. More importantly, doctors, even senior ones, still talk face to face with the people.

Law lords interact with commoners through the medium of other lawyers. Bishops communicate mainly with their coreligionists. Only doctors talk on a daily basis with a wide range of people about the things that the people really care about. This is reflected by the fact that when members of the House of Commons go back to their constituencies they hold “surgeries.” They do not hold court or preach.

With so many lawyers in the lower house, the upper chamber should practise positive discrimination to include other professions. A starting point would be 26 elected lords medical. Nowadays, over half of medical graduates are women, so this group should have the correct gender balance.

Election would not be straightforward. Unfettered self nomination and alphabetism, as favoured by the General Medical Council, are undesirable. There should be an electoral college with lay people, some medical editors perhaps, and representatives from the melee of organisations which currently fail so dismally to give a single coherent voice to our profession.

The only rule regarding election of the lords medical would be that they should be aged under 45 when they begin their single 12 year term. This means that none of the medical grandees who could champion this change would benefit from it. A fatal weakness, perhaps, but it is still an idea worth archiving.
Rooting into the Soil, a Model for the Role of Sox4 in Leukemia
Authors: Saradhi Mallampati, Baohua Sun, Yun Gong, Enze Wang, M. James You, Hesham M. Amin, Yupo Ma, Haifa Shen, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Dan Jones, Cheng Yin, Armand Glassman, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Ralph B. Arlinghaus, Xiaoping Sun
Journal: Blood (2008)
A fifth of acute pancreatitis cases are not diagnosed promptly, inquiry warns
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2016)

One in five patients admitted to hospital with acute pancreatitis has had one or more previous admissions with the same problem that was not diagnosed or treated, an inquiry has found.1

A total of 215 UK hospitals (not including Scotland) provided copies of anonymised case notes on patients aged 16 or older admitted with a coding of acute pancreatitis from 1 January to 30 June 2014. In all, 14 479 patients were admitted to hospital with acute pancreatitis during this period.

Five cases from each hospital were sampled for analysis by a multidisciplinary group of clinical reviewers, including gastroenterologists and surgeons, against what …
Dehydropeptidase Activity in Tumors
Authors: Jesse P. Greenstein, Florence M. Leuthardt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1949)

Journal Article Dehydropeptidase Activity in Tumors Get access Jesse P. Greenstein, Jesse P. Greenstein Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Florence M. Leuthardt Florence M. Leuthardt National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, Federal Security Agency Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 9, Issue 5-6, April-June, Pages 389–390, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/9.5-6.389 Published: 01 April 1949 Article history Received: 20 September 1948 Published: 01 April 1949
Familial and sporadic schizophrenia: a symptomatic, prognostic, and EEG comparison
Authors: K S Kendler, P Hays
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

The authors examined the differences between 30 patients with familial schizophrenia (those with a schizophrenic first-degree relative) and 83 patients with sporadic schizophrenia (those with a negative family history for schizophrenia). Although the two groups showed no difference in the intensity of 1) flattened, depressed, or elevated affect, 2) auditory hallucinations, and 3) delusions, more of the familial (56.7%) than the sporadic (18.1%) schizophrenic patients had severe thought disorders. EEGs were performed while the patients were taking neuroleptics; 72.3% of the sporadic schizophrenic patients and 43.3% of the familial patients had an abnormal tracing. The authors conclude that the division of schizophrenia into familial and sporadic forms may represents a valid subclassification.
CBIO-36p21 REGULATES STEM CELL FREQUENCY IN A SEX-SPECIFIC FASHION
Authors: Tao Sun, Najla Kfoury, Joshua Rubin
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Brain cancers affect more males for unknown reasons. Male prevalence in brain tumors exists for multiple tumor types across all ages, including young children. Thus sex differences in brain tumor rates cannot primarily be a consequence of acute sex hormone effects. We showed sex differences in GBM might be partly explained by sexually dimorphic RB regulation. In our model, male and female astrocytes were rendered null for neurofibromin and p53 function, and treated with EGF. Male astrocytes exhibited more rapid and higher magnitude RB phosphorylation and activation of E2F-dependent transcription. These differences were correlated with differences in proliferation, clonogenicity, soft agar colony formation, and in vivo tumorigenicity. The current study investigated the molecular basis for sex differences in RB regulation. We first surveyed the expression levels of three major RB regulators, p21/CIP1, p27/KIP1 and p16 in Nf1-/-;DNp53 astrocytes. Both P21 and P27, but not p16, were expressed. To examine p21 and p27 functions we deleted each in Nf1-/-;DNp53 astrocytes using CRISPR/Cas9. Using growth and stem cell assays, we found that while p27 loss had no effect on stem cell frequency, depletion of p21 greatly increased stem cell abundance, but in female cells only. These findings indicated that in female, but not male Nf1-/-;Dnp53 astrocytes, p21 performs a critical tumor suppressor function. In order to gain more insight into sex differences in p21 regulation we measured its induction after treatment with etoposide. Etoposide treatment resulted in significantly greater induction of p21 expression in female compared to male Nf1-/-;DNp53 astrocytes. We corroborated sex differences in p21 expression in a panel of human GBM specimens. Together these data suggest that p21 is differentially regulated by a p53 independent mechanism in male and female Nf1-/-;DNp53 astrocytes resulting in unequal numbers of clonogenic stem cells. These findings are relevant to sex differences in GBM.
State and Local Comprehensive Smoke-Free Laws for Worksites, Restaurants, and Bars — United States, 2015
Authors: Michael A. Tynan, Carissa Baker Holmes, Gabbi Promoff, Cynthia Hallett, Maggie Hopkins, Bronson Frick
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

Exposure to secondhand smoke from burning tobacco products causes stroke, lung cancer, and coronary heart disease in adults (1,2). Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome, acute respiratory infections, middle ear disease, more severe asthma, respiratory symptoms, and slowed lung growth (1,2). Secondhand smoke exposure contributes to approximately 41,000 deaths among nonsmoking adults and 400 deaths in infants each year (2). This report updates a previous CDC report that evaluated state smoke-free laws in effect from 2000-2010 (3), and estimates the proportion of the population protected by comprehensive smoke-free laws. The number of states, including the District of Columbia (DC), with comprehensive smoke-free laws (statutes that prohibit smoking in indoor areas of worksites, restaurants, and bars) increased from zero in 2000 to 26 in 2010 and 27 in 2015. The percentage of the U.S. population that is protected increased from 2.72% in 2000 to 47.8% in 2010 and 49.6% in 2015. Regional disparities remain in the proportions of state populations covered by state or local comprehensive smoke-free policies, as no state in the southeast has a state comprehensive law. In addition, nine of the 24 states that lack state comprehensive smoke-free laws also lack any local comprehensive smoke-free laws. Opportunities exist to accelerate the adoption of smoke-free laws in states that lack local comprehensive smoke-free laws, including those in the south, to protect nonsmokers from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke exposure.
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients with Deep Molecular Responses to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Have Increased Effector Natural Killer and Cytotoxic T Cell Immune Responses to Leukaemia-Associated Antigens and Concomitant Reduced Immune Suppressors
Authors: Amy Hughes, Carine Tang, Jade Clarson, Ljiljana Vidovic, Timothy P. Hughes, Agnes S Yong
Journal: Blood (2015)
Soundings: The good slut
Authors: Liam Farrell
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Call me Ishmael; I wander in the desert, eating locusts, eluding hostile nomads, and sucking on spit. I am a general practitioner, I prowl in the night, perilous and alone. I meet the old and the lost, the desperate and the hopeless. But in my darkest and most dreadful hours I may call for help, for I know there is one friend who will always answer my call.

A few months ago I was trying to organise an admission for a patient with probable post-operative deep vein thrombosis. The surgical senior house officer was unhelpful: “That's medical,” he said.

The medical senior house officer had no similar get-out clause. “Send him on in,” he said, in a tone weary with resignation and suffering; I wanted to give him a big hug.

The acute medical ward is the slut of medicine; it'll take on anyone, anytime, and it is the place of last resort. This is a good thing, and a most honourable calling; it is a haven, a sanctuary, a place of refuge. Sometimes what a patient needs most is a warm bath, a hot meal, a comfortable bed, some company, and a few kind words, what in more innocent times we used to call nursing care. But the NHS has no overt facility for this kind of acute care, so part of the ritual is that the general practitioner then has to construct a flimsy Trojan horse of plausible medical grounds to access this care.

These lies rise blithely to our lips; our moral compromise is slow but implacable, and such invention and dissimulation become easy with practice, and so many illnesses accompany neglect that it is only a matter of choosing the handiest one.

So our admission letters are not downright lies; they are only half-truths, harmless little fibs in pursuit of the greater good.

Medical intervention, though a nice optional extra, is usually way down on the patient's list of needs, but the patient will still have to endure the charade of being quizzed, poked, and prodded as the unfortunate junior doctor has to play the game out to the bitter end.

The Trojan horse has been wheeled into the ward, now the Greek warriors leap out and start pillaging and plundering, and sacrificing unfortunate goats to Zeus; with luck, they'll also help out by making a few beds.
Soundings: Seize the day
Authors: Kevin Barraclough
Journal: BMJ (2000)

I recently attended the funeral of a patient who was also a friend. I am sad about it for several reasons. One is that he was a wise man and there are not many of them about. But mainly I am sad because I had always meant to get to know him better, and now I never will. Over the busy years since I first met him, I had always planned that, in the future, when things settled down, we would get together and talk about our shared interests. Alas. Things never settle down and life never gets less busy. Carpe diem, seize the day, do not put your trust in tomorrow.

One of our shared interests was in a strange and ancient language: mathematics. There are very few people interested in this language, so the loss of my friend was very particular.

Occasionally I chat to friends about this esoteric world and they listen politely and nod. They never quite got the hang of it at school, they say. My eccentricity in finding it relevant any more is implicit in their thin, bored smiles.

And yet it is the language in which the book of nature seems to be written. Many people have commented on the unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics in explaining the physical world, and yet it remains an arcane art, opaque to all but the selected acolytes. 

Mathematicians themselves do not help the matter. Years of being the swot at school, and the dull boffin at university, have often left them with social and conversational skills that make an autistic child look flamboyant. Subsequently they are locked away for years in the austere cells of maths departments, emerging infrequently into the sunlight like Trappist monks. Indeed, they seem to have all the attributes of a religious order: years of solitary training in an obscure language that no one else understands but which seems to hold the key to the cosmos.

It is not immediately apparent why a skill that evolved from counting stones or cattle should be so extraordinarily successful in explaining the deepest workings of the universe. It is, I suppose, because mathematics is, in the end, merely about recognising patterns at the deepest level.

I'm reminded of some graffiti in the lavatories of the maths department at my university: “I don't know as much as God does, but I know as much as he knew at my age.”
The Prognostic Value of 18F-FDG Uptake Ratio Between the Right and Left Ventricles in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Wen Li, Lei Wang, Chang-Ming Xiong, Tao Yang, Yan Zhang, Qing Gu, Yong Yang, Xin-Hai Ni, Zhi-Hong Liu, Wei Fang, Jian-Guo He
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

Metabolic changes occur in the right ventricle (RV) under increased afterload in pulmonary arterial hypertension. FDG PET imaging has potential to assess RV function. In this study, we aimed to determine the prognostic value of metabolic changes of RV using FDG PET imaging in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH).In this prospective investigation, patients newly diagnosed with IPAH were recruited. Patients underwent right heart catheterization, FDG PET imaging, and cardiac MR (CMR) within 1 week. Right ventricle hemodynamics, glucose metabolism derived from the FDG uptake levels, and functional parameters were obtained. The FDG uptake ratio between the RV and the left ventricle (LV) and its relation with the patients' survival were analyzed.A total of 45 IPAH patients were enrolled in this study, which included 13 male (28.9%) and 32 female (71.1%). The median follow-up time of this study was 1043 days. At the end of the follow-up, 36 patients survived, whereas 9 patients were deceased because of right heart failure. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that the ratio between the corrected RV and LV FDG uptake (cRV/LV) in both glucose-loading (cRV/LVg) and fasting (cRV/LVf) conditions independently predicted the mortality after adjusting for pulmonary vascular resistance index, mean right atrial pressure, and World Health Organization functional class. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with cRV/LVf greater than 143.65% in fasting condition (log rank, P = 0.030) or cRV/LVg greater than 120.55% in glucose-loading condition (log rank, P = 0.014) had worse prognosis.The FDG uptake ratio between the RV and LV can be an independent predictor for long-term prognosis of IPAH patients.
Prevalence of mcr-1 in commensal Escherichia coli from French livestock, 2007 to 2014
Authors: Agnès Perrin-Guyomard, Mireille Bruneau, Pamela Houée, Karine Deleurme, Patricia Legrandois, Catherine Poirier, Christophe Soumet, Pascal Sanders
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2016)

Colistin resistance was investigated in 1,696 isolates collected from 2007 to 2014 within the frame of the French livestock antimicrobial resistance surveillance programme. The mcr-1 gene was detected in all commensal Escherichia coli isolates with a minimum inhibitory concentration to colistin above the 2 mg/L cut-off value (n=23). In poultry, mcr-1 prevalence was 5.9% in turkeys and 1.8% in broilers in 2014. In pigs, investigated in 2013, this prevalence did not exceed 0.5%. These findings support that mcr-1 has spread in French livestock.
Dabigatran Versus Warfarin in Relation to Renal Function in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Freddy Del-Carpio Munoz, Xiaoxi Yao, Neena S. Abraham, M. Fernanda Bellolio, Alejandro A. Rabinstein, Samuel J. Asirvatham, Robert D. McBane, Bernard J. Gersh, Nilay D. Shah, Peter A. Noseworthy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
FOLFOX-aflibercept followed by maintenance therapy with fluoropyrimidine-aflibercept as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: A GERCOR single-arm phase II study (VELVET).
Authors: Benoist Chibaudel, Thierry Andre, Jean Baptiste Bachet, Dominique Auby, Jérôme Desramé, Gael Deplanque, Cedric Lecaille, Christophe Louvet, Christophe Tournigand, Valerie Lebrun-Ly, Jérôme Dauba, Gérard Lledo, Marie Line Garcia, Nabil Baba Hamed, Mathilde Wagner, Malika Attia, Aurelia Meurisse, Annemilai Tijeras-Raballand, Franck Bonnetain, Aimery De Gramont
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

3567 Background: VEGF inhibition with (ziv-)aflibercept, a recombinant human fusion protein, in combination with FU/irinotecan improves patient outcomes (overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR)) in second-line therapy of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC) (Van Cutsem, JCO 2012). The VELVET study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the OPTIMOX-aflibercept first-line treatment strategy (EudraCT 2012-003521-25). Methods: Main eligibility criteria were: previously untreated, unresectable, evaluable or measurable MCRC, age ≥ 18 years, ECOG PS 0-2. Patients received mFOLFOX7-aflibercept (aflibercept 4mg/kg, folinic acid 400mg/m², oxaliplatin 100mg/m², 5FU infusion 3000mg/m²/46h) fortnightly regimen as induction therapy (6 cycles) followed by maintenance therapy with fluoropyrimidine (5FU or capecitabine) and aflibercept until disease progression or limiting toxicity. CT-scan tumor assessments using RECIST1.1 were done every 8 weeks. A Minimax Simon’s two-stage design was used with a targeted improvement of 6m-PFS rate (primary endpoint) from 70% to 85%. Results: From May 2013 to May 2014, 49 patients were included. One patient did not receive study treatment. Thirty-seven (84.1%, se 5.5) patients were alive at 6 months without documented RECIST progression. The Kaplan-Meier 6m-PFS was 81.9% (66.8-90.6) and median PFS was 9.3 months (95%CI: 8.7-12.6). The ORR was 59.2% (N = 29/49) and 65.9% (N = 29/44) in the ITT and evaluable populations, respectively. Most common ( ≥ 10%) grade 3-4 adverse events reported were hypertension (23%), fatigue (12%), neuropathy (10%), neutropenia (10%). Two on treatment deaths were reported: 1 due to stroke and 1 due to neutropenic sepsis attributable to the study treatment. Circulating angiogenic biomarkers results will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: OPTIMOX-aflibercept could be an active first-line treatment strategy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. This study warrants further investigation to confirm efficacy and safety of the combination in a randomized controlled trial. Clinical trial information: EudraCT 2012-003521-25.
Specific IgE and IgG measured by the MeDALL allergen-chip depend on allergen and route of exposure: The EGEA study
Authors: Valérie Siroux, Christian Lupinek, Yvonne Resch, Mirela Curin, Jocelyne Just, Thomas Keil, Renata Kiss, Karin Lødrup Carlsen, Erik Melén, Rachel Nadif, Isabelle Pin, Ingebjørg Skrindo, Susanne Vrtala, Magnus Wickman, Josep Maria Anto, Rudolf Valenta, Jean Bousquet
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)