tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tc-99m Dextran and Tc-99m HIG Findings in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: İSMET SARIKAYA, AHMET BEKTAṢ, ERKAN İBİṢ, MEHMET HADİ YAṢA, MEHMET BAṢTEMİR, NECATİ ÖRMECİ, GÜLSEREN ARAS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Purpose: Various radionuclide methods have been studied for the evaluation of the disease activity and extent of ulcerative colitis and other protein-losing enteropathies. Recently, Tc-99m dextran and Tc-99m human immunoglobulin (HIG) have been used to detect inflammation and protein loss into the intestine, but only a few studies have been reported with these agents. Materials and Methods: In this study, Tc-99m dextran and Tc-99m HIG were used to evaluate disease activity and extent in patients with ulcerative colitis. These agents were used in 12 patients with active disease and in five patients in remission, and five healthy control participants also were included. Results: Large bowel activity was detected in 11 of the 12 patients with active ulcerative colitis using Tc-99m dextran and in 10 patients using Tc-99m HIG. Fifty-eight bowel segments were found to be active with endoscopy, 39 with Tc-99m dextran, and 31 with Tc-99m HIG. No intestinal activity was detected in the control participants. Grade 1 activity localization in the large bowel was detected in three patients with ulcerative colitis in remission using Tc-99m dextran and in one patient using Tc-99m HIG. Conclusion: Tc-99m dextran is more sensitive for detecting disease activity and extent than is Tc-99m HIG.
Survival of triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer by AJCC stage.
Authors: V. Caggiano, K. Bauer, C. Parise
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

1078 Background: AJCC stage and St Gallen risk classifications are used by clinicians worldwide to help guide the course of treatment. The ER/PR/HER2 subtypes highlight differences among the St. Gallen Risk Classification of 2007. The purpose of this investigation is to determine how survival differs among the ER/PR/HER2 subtypes within the AJCC pathologic stages. Methods: Using the California Cancer Registry 2001-2008, we examined 92,231 cases of Stages 1-3 first primary female invasive breast cancers. Anti HER-2 treatment status was not available. Five-year relative survival was computed among the subtypes within each stage. The Log-Rank test was used to compare survival between the ER+/PR+/HER2- subtype and all other subtypes within each stage. Results: For Stage I, all ER-negative cases had worse survival than ER-positive cases. At 5-years, the ER-/PR-/HER2- (triple negative) and ER-/PR+/HER+ subtypes had nearly identical survival (94%) and were statistically significantly worse than the ER+/PR+/HER2- subtype (P<0.0001). The ER-/PR-/HER2+ subtype had the best survival of all of the ER-negative subtypes but still had worse survival at 5-years compared with the ER+/PR+/HER2- (P<0.0001). For Stage II, the four ER-positive subtypes were more distinctly separated from the four ER-negative subtypes and the latter all had worse survival than the ER+/PR+/HER2- subtype (P<0.0001). The triple negative subtype had the worst survival of all. A HER2-positive subtype (ER+/PR-/HER2+) had the best 5-year survival (97%) and the ER+/PR+/HER2+ subtype had 92% survival. Survival of Stage III cancers revealed a more heterogeneous pattern. Although the four ER-positive subtypes had distinctly better survival than the ER-negative subtypes, there was some overlap. The triple negative subtype had a sharp drop off in survival at 10-15 months follow-up. The ER+/PR+/HER2- subtype had a 5-year survival of 84% whereas the triple negative subtype had a survival of 55% (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: The triple negative subtype has the worst survival regardless of stage. HER2-positive cancers are heterogeneous and not all have poor survival. ER and PR must be considered. ER status appears to influence 5-year survival more than HER2 status.
An Erythema Infectiosum—like Illness Caused by Human Parvovirus Infection
Authors: Francis A. Plummer, Gregory W. Hammond, Kevin Forward, Leila Sekla, Linda M. Thompson, S.E. Jones, I.M. Kidd, Mary J. Anderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

In the spring of 1980, an epidemic of an illness that resembled erythema infectiosum occurred in Manitoba, Canada. We initiated prospective epidemiologic, clinical, and microbiologic studies of this illness among elementary-school children and their families. Initial microbiologic studies failed to identify the cause of the exanthem. After a similar illness associated with serologic evidence of human parvovirus infection occurred in London, stored specimens of 12 patients with exanthem were investigated for parvovirus infection. Eleven patients had parvovirus-specific IgM antibody, as did two family contacts and a teacher with nonexanthematous illnesses, and two asymptomatic family members. None of 28 children with measles or rubella had serologic evidence of recent parvovirus infection. Human parvovirus was detected by DNA hybridization and immune electron microscopy in the serum of one patient who later had a rash and in one unaffected family contact. Parvovirus DNA was also detected in the pharyngeal specimen of the teacher who was ill but did not have a rash. We conclude that human parvovirus infection can be asymptomatic or cause a variety of clinical manifestations, including nonexanthematous illness and an illness resembling erythema infectiosum.
AB0643 Systematic review of the ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging utility on assessment of treatment response in gouty patients
Authors: V. Villaverde, M. P. Rosario, E. Loza
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Imaging may be useful for monitoring the response to therapy. Within the OMERACT proposal for the core set domains for outcome measures in chronic gout, serum urate levels, recurrence of gouty flares, tophus regression, and joint damage imaging have been included, among other proposed issues. <h3>Objectives</h3> To perform a systematic literature review of the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) on assessment of treatment response in patients with gout. <h3>Methods</h3> MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library (up February 2012), and abstracts presented at the 2010 and 2011 meetings of the American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism, were searched for treatment studies of any duration and therapeutic options, examining the ability of MRI/US to assess the treatment response in gouty patients. Metaanalyses, systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials, cohort studies and validation studies were included. Quality was appraised using validated scales. <h3>Results</h3> There were only 3 US published studies in the literature that analyzed the US utility on assessment of response to treatment in patients with gout. All of them were prospective case studies with a little number of patients and they were reviewed in detailed. A total of 36 patients with gout were examined with US. All of them had a baseline serum urate &gt; 6 mg/dl. US features of gout (double contour sign, hyperechoic spots in synovial fluid, hyperechoic cloudy areas, tophus diameter and volume) achieved significant reduction in patients who reached the aim of uricemia ≤ 6mg/dl in all the studies, however, patients in whom levels did not dropped below 6 mg/dl, US features of gout did not change. Other parameters evaluated in one study included ESR, CRP, number of tender (TRN), number of swollen joints, and pain score (SP). All of them decreased with the uricemia reduction, but only TRN and SP were statistically significant. No data were found about the MRI value on treatment response assessment in patients with gout. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The improvement in ultrasound features shows concurrent validity with the uric acid reduction. According to the published evidence, US can be a useful tool for monitoring the treatment of gout arthropathy patients, although more research is needed. The value of MRI on treatment response assessment in patients with gout, remains to be determined. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
A Tobacco-Specific Lung Carcinogen in the Urine of Men Exposed to Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Stephen S. Hecht, Steven G. Carmella, Sharon E. Murphy, Shobha Akerkar, Klaus D. Brunnemann, Dietrich Hoffmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Environmental tobacco smoke has been classified by the Environmental Protection Agency as a carcinogen causally associated with lung cancer in adults, but there have been no reports of lung carcinogens or their metabolites in the body fluids or tissues of nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke.Five male nonsmokers were exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke generated by machine smoking of reference cigarettes for 180 minutes on each of two days, six months apart. Sidestream smoke is the smoke that originates from the smoldering end of a cigarette between puffs. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected before and after exposure. The urine samples were analyzed for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its glucuronide, which are metabolites of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), a powerful lung carcinogen in rodents. NNAL is also a lung carcinogen in rodents.The urinary excretion of the metabolites increased after exposure to sidestream smoke in all the men. The mean (+/- SD) amount of NNAL and NNAL glucuronide was significantly higher after exposure than at base line (33.9 +/- 20.0 vs. 8.4 +/- 11.2 ng per 24 hours [127 +/- 74 vs. 31 +/- 41 pmol per day], P < 0.001) and was correlated with urinary cotinine excretion (r = 0.89, P < 0.001). The nicotine concentrations in the air to which the men were exposed were comparable to those in a heavily smoke-polluted bar.Nonsmokers exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke take up and metabolize a lung carcinogen, which provides experimental support for the proposal that environmental tobacco smoke can cause lung cancer.
AB0045 Plasma and Tissue Expression of PTX3 in Patients with Chronic Periaortitis
Authors: G.A. Ramirez, E. Tombetti, M. Baldini, B. Bottazzi, C. Buzio, G. Dell'Antonio, A. Monno, M. Nicastro, M.L. Urban, P. Rovere-Querini, M.G. Sabbadini, A. Mantovani, A. Vaglio, A.A. Manfredi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Chronic Periaortitis (CP) is a rare fibro-inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, lying at the crossroads between large vessel vasculitides (LVV) and fibrosing diseases [1]. LVV-like pathogenic features are probably responsible for medial and adventitial inflammation of the aortic wall [2], whereas Th2-driven eosinophilic and B-cell responses are thought to account for the development of fibrosis of the adjacent peritoneum [1]. PTX3 is a soluble innate pattern recognition receptor of the pentraxin family, generated and released on demand at sites of inflammation. PTX3 is involved in ancestral defensive responses, processing of cell debris and autoantigens and regulation of tissue remodeling and cell recruitment [3]. <h3>Objectives</h3> The identification of a potential role of PTX3 in regulating the outcome of vessel inflammation and of its selective expression at sites of vessel injury in small and large vessel vasculitides prompted us to investigate its involvement in patients with CP. <h3>Methods</h3> PTX3 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry on tissue samples of periaortic tissue from five patients with CP. PTX3 systemic concentration was assessed in plasma samples of 14 CP patients and 20 healthy controls. <h3>Results</h3> PTX3 was consistently expressed at high levels by leukocytes infiltrating the periaortic tissue of patients with CP. In contrast, a relatively restricted association with the extracellular matrix has been observed, which is an hallmark of several inflammatory conditions associated with vessel and tissue remodeling. Moreover, systemic levels of the protein do not apparently reflect the substantial expression of the protein in the retroperitoneal tissue. <h3>Conclusions</h3> PTX3 is expressed at sites of inflammation and tissue remodeling in patients with CP. Larger studies are required to confirm histological data and assess possible pathogenic roles of PTX3 in modulating cell recruitment and tissue remodeling. Serological data should also be replicated in larger cohorts of patients and appropriate controls. <h3>References</h3> Pipitone N, et al., Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol, 2012 Ramshaw AL, et al., J Clin Pathol, 1994 Manfredi AA, et al., Curr Opin Immunol, 2008 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3387
The Health Care Jobs Fallacy
Authors: Katherine Baicker, Amitabh Chandra
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Interview with Katherine Baicker on the misguided focus on the creation of health care jobs. (05:33)Download The U.S. health care sector is a rare area of steady employment growth, and health care organizations argue that they play an important role in economic recovery, a role that must not be endangered by reforms that reduce health care spending. But this focus is misguided.
Combination Therapy with Efavirenz, Nelfinavir, and Nucleoside Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors in Children Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Authors: Stuart E. Starr, Courtney V. Fletcher, Stephen A. Spector, Florence H. Yong, Terence Fenton, Richard C. Brundage, Douglas Manion, Nancy M. Ruiz, Merril Gersten, Mark Becker, James McNamara, Lynette Purdue, Suzanne Siminski, Bobbie Graham, David M. Kornhauser, William Fiske, Carol Vincent, Harold W. Lischner, Wayne M. Dankner, Patricia M. Flynn, Lynne M. Mofenson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Consistent long-term viral suppression has been difficult to achieve in children with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. We tested the safety and antiviral efficacy of a novel combination consisting of efavirenz, nelfinavir, and one or more nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors in 57 children previously treated with only nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors.
Abstract 1652: <i>MRGBP</i> (<i>C20orf20</i>) contributes to development of colorectal cancer
Authors: Kiyoshi Yamaguchi, Michihiro Sakai, JooHun Kim, Yoshinao Yamada, Yoshiyuki Akiyama, Yusuke Nakamura, Yoichi Furukawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract MRGBP (MRG-binding protein, also known as C20orf20) encodes a subunit of TRRAP/TIP60-containing histone acetyltransferase complex. In our earlier study, a genome-wide expression analysis found that MRGBP was up-regulated in the majority of colorectal tumors. Importantly, the enhanced expression was associated with cell proliferation. In the present study, we extensively investigated MRGBP expression in 22 adenomas and 47 carcinomas of the colon and rectum by immunohistochemical analysis. Each stain result was sub-divided into three groups according to the percentage of positive stains in tumor cells (negative, &amp;lt;10%; low, 10 – 50%; high, &amp;gt;50%). As a result, carcinomas with negative, low, and high expression were comprised of 15, 11, and 21 tumors, respectively. On the other hand, adenomas with negative, low, and high expression were 12, 9, and 1, respectively. Statistical analysis has revealed that MRGBP expression in carcinomas was significantly increased compared with that in adenomas. No clinicopathological factors were associated with the expression of MRGBP in colorectal cancer. We further investigated genes regulated by MRGBP using DNA microarray. Comparison of gene expression profiles between MRGBP-knocked down cells and control cells identified a total of 41 genes whose expressions were clearly suppressed. The 41 genes included MCM2, MCM5, CDT1, and CDCA7, implying that MRGBP plays a role in DNA replication, minichromosome maintenance, and cell division. These data suggest that MRGBP may contribute to the development of colorectal cancer through rendering advantages in cell proliferation to cancer cells. Our findings may be helpful for the identification of biomarker and development of therapeutic approach to colorectal tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1652. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1652
1385 NOVEL HIS1238TYR MUTATION IN A PATIENT WITH PROGRESSIVE FAMILIAL INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS TYPE 3
Authors: T. Dzagania, G. Engelmann, C. Flechtenmacher, L. Zangurashvili, N. Kankia, N. Jashiashvili, M. Lomidze, I. Rtskhiladze, R. Kubitz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Diet, Colorectal Adenomas, and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Tim Byers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Because colorectal cancers usually arise from adenomatous polyps, it is believed that preventing the growth of adenomas in the colon and rectum or removing any that appear will prevent colorectal cancer.1 Many have therefore awaited the results of the two important trials published in this issue of the Journal — a study of wheat-bran fiber by Alberts et al.2 and the Polyp Prevention Trial.3 Both trials are well conceived, well designed, well implemented, and clearly presented. What is disappointing, however, is that the findings of both trials are negative. Three to four years of either taking a daily wheat-bran supplement . . .
Immunohistochemical study and fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis of <i>JAZF1</i> in 67 cases of endometrial stromal tumors collected in a tissue microarray.
Authors: J. Duclos, A. Valent, G. Malouf, F. Drusch, N. Auger, P. Vielh, G. Vassal, P. Duvillard, P. Pautier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

10069 Background: Endometrial stromal tumours are rare uterine lesions comprising undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma (UES), endometrial stromal sarcoma low grade (ESS) and stromal nodule (SN). Complex caryotypes and frequent 7p deletion are found in the malignant types, and a translocation t(7;17) involving two finger zinc gene JAZF1 and JJAZ1/SUZ12 has also been recently described. Methods: We performed an immunohistochemical study to evaluate the expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors, Ki67, P16 and P53 and a in situ fluorescent hybridization (FISH) studying JAZF1(7p15) locus using formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues of 12 SN, 41 ESS and 14 UES collected in a tissue microarray. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis of SN and ESS showed a high nuclear expression of both oestrogen receptor (OR) and progesterone receptor (PR), associated with a low nuclear expression of Ki67, P16 and P53. In opposite, UES exhibit a low expression of OR and PR and a high nuclear expression of Ki67, P16 and P53. The difference for each of the immunostainings was highly statistically significant between ESS and UES (p<0,0005), but not between SN and ESS. Among the 44 cases with available FISH status, the dissociation of JAZF1 (7p15) meaning the specific translocation was found in 25% of SN (n=2/8), 35% of ESS (n=8/23), and was absent in UES (n=0/13). Interestingly, we observed also a deletion of the second allele of the JAZF1 gene in 80% of the 10 cases with dissociation of JAZF1. Conclusions: Immunohistochemical analysis of OR, PR, P16, P53 and Ki67 could be very useful for the differential diagnosis of endometrial stromal tumours especially between ESS and UES. The absence of JAFZ1 dissociation in UES suggest different oncogenic pathways between UES and NS/ESS, that support the current World Health Organization classification of tumours. Moreover, the translocation was associated in 80% with deletion of second JAZF1 allele suggesting a loss of function of the gene. However, further study are necessary to find out the regulatory consequences of JAZF1 function's loss and translocation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Effect of Papaverine on Regional Blood Flow in Focal Vascular Disease of the Brain
Authors: Lawrence C. McHenry, Marvin E. Jaffe, Junichiro Kawamura, Herbert I. Goldberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Since others have failed to find a consistent increase in regional cerebral blood flow with carbon dioxide inhalation, a question has arisen concerning the usefulness of vasodilating agents in the treatment of acute ischemic attacks. We administered intravenous papaverine to six patients with focal cerebral vascular disease confirmed by cerebral angiography. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured from 43 brain areas by means of the radioactive xenon clearance method. Mean cerebral blood flow before and after papaverine was 34 and 40 ml per 100 gm per minute, an 18 per cent increase. In addition, eight of 20 probes over angiographically ischemic areas showed a significant increase in regional blood flow. No areas diminished in flow. There is no evidence from this study, however, that papaverine alters or influences the clinical course of patients with stroke.
Quiescent and Painful Accessory Navicular Bones in the Same Patient
Authors: SUNGEUN KIM, WONSICK CHOE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A 35-year-old woman underwent bone imaging to evaluate progressive pain over the medial aspect of her right foot. She was a homemaker and had not sustained any recent trauma to the region. The images showed a focus of increased uptake in the right medial midfoot. Simultaneously obtained radiographs showed the accessory ossicles adjacent to the navicular bones bilaterally. This indicated that she had right inflammatory and left quiescent accessory navicular ossicles at the same time. Bone imaging functioned well as a diagnostic method in differentiating them.
Abstract LB-21: Emergence of castration resistant prostate cancer class defined by recurrent <i>ERG</i> fusion
Authors: David S. Rickman, Ying-bei Chen, Samprit Banerjee, Yihang Pan, Benjamin Moss, Andrea Sboner, Jindan Yu, Sven Perner, Christopher Lafargue, Vanessa VanDoren, Kirsten Mertz, Sunita Setlur, Kanishka Sircar, Mark Gerstein, Arul Chinnaiyan, Tarek Bismar, Mark Rubin, Francesca Demichelis
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The role of recurrent ETS gene fusions in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is poorly understood. We characterized the transcriptome of CRPC by interrogating a cohort of 54 men with locally advanced or metastatic CRPC using a gene expression profiling method recently established for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. We found increased expression of multiple genes in ERG rearranged tumors which suggests a selective growth advantage under oxygen poor conditions. We discovered that trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is the top differentially regulated gene by both ERG rearrangement and resistance to therapy. Conventional chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR and ChIP-seq data revealed direct binding of ERG to ETS binding sites in the TFF3 promoter in ERG rearranged prostate cancer cell lines, which was confirmed in ERG rearranged hormone naïve prostate cancer (HNPC) and CRPC tissue samples. In vitro data suggested that ERG has an inhibitory effect on TFF3 expression in hormone naïve cancer, which was relieved in CRPC depending on the level of AR expression. These findings reveal an interplay between ERG rearrangement and AR signaling in CRPC, and provide perspective towards novel therapeutic targets. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-21.
POLYVASCULAR DISEASE, DIABETES MELLITUS AND LONG-TERM VASCULAR RISK: INSIGHTS FROM THE IMPROVE-IT TIMI 40 TRIAL
Authors: Antonio Gutierrez, Marc Bonaca, Christopher Cannon, Robert Giugliano, Jeong-Gun Park, Jennifer A. White, Andrew Tershakovec, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)