tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ATPS-56SODIUM FLUORESCEIN-GUIDED SURGERY UNDER THE YELLOW 560 NM SURGICAL MICROSCOPE FILTER IN 14 GLIOMA PATIENTS
Authors: Yonggao Mou
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BACKGROUND: Sodium fluorescein is a fluorescent molecule that has been used for angiography in ophthalmic surgery. Its capability to penetrate the damaged blood-brain barrier makes it an ideal dye for intraoperative visualization of gliomas. We aim to investigate the effort of Sodium fluorescein-guided surgery in glioma patients. METHODS: 14 patients with primary or recurrent gliomas treated with microsurgery were included in this study. Before anesthesia, 5 mg/kg Sodium fluorescein was administered intravenously. The tumor was visualized and resected via the fluorescence mode of the operation microscope (Pentero900/Zeiss). The tumor was removed and separated into parts according to the fluorescence intensity. After the tumor was removed, fluorescent tissues on the tumor bed was sampled and examined. MRI within 72 hours after surgery was performed to determine the extent of resection. RESULTS: 9 patients had primary glioma (4 WHO grade IV, 3 WHO grade II, 2 WHO grade I) and 5 patients had recurrent glioma (3 WHO grade IV, 2 WHO grade III). 10 patients (10/14, 71.4%) achieved gross total resection and 4 patients (4/14, 28.6%) achieved subtotal resection. All neurosurgeons in our study considered sodium fluorescein application was helpful for distinction of the tumor margin. The heterogeneous intensity of the fluorescence signal on the tumor tissue seemed to be correlated to the heterogeneity of glioma. We did not record any allergic reactions or any other adverse effects. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative Sodium fluorescein-guided surgery can be a useful and easily applicable tool for visualization of tumor margin of gliomas.
Abstract 459: Targeting TIGIT and PD-1 to increase the expansion and function of tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in melanoma patients
Authors: Joe-Marc Chauvin, Ornella Pagliano, Julien Fourcade, Zhaojun Sun, Cindy Sanders, John M. Kirkwood, Tseng-hui T. Chen, Mark Maurer, Alan Korman, Hassane Zarour
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract T-cell Immunoglobulin and ITIM Domain (TIGIT) is an inhibitory receptor expressed by activated T cells, regulatory T cells and NK cells. Here, we show that tumor antigen (TA)-specific CD8+ T cells and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) upregulate TIGIT and most often co-express TIGIT and PD-1 in melanoma patients. CD8+ TILs downregulate CD226, supporting an imbalance of TIGIT/CD226 expression in metastatic melanoma. TIGIT is a marker of early T cell activation, which is further upregulated by T cells upon PD-1 blockade and by dysfunctional PD-1+Tim-3+ TA-specific CD8+ T cells. PD-1+TIGIT+, PD-1−TIGIT+ and PD-1+ TIGIT− CD8+ TILs exhibit similar functional capacities ex vivo, suggesting that TIGIT upregulation alone or together with PD-1 is not a marker of T cell dysfunction. However, in the presence of TIGIT ligand-expressing cells, TIGIT blockade adds to PD-1 blockade to increase the proliferation, cytokine production and degranulation of TA-specific CD8+ T cells and CD8+ TILs. Collectively, our findings show that TIGIT together with PD-1 regulate the expansion and function of TA-specific CD8+ T cells and CD8+TILs in melanoma patients. They also support the use of dual TIGIT and PD-1 blockade to stimulate potent antitumor CD8+ T cells responses in patients with advanced melanoma. Citation Format: Joe-Marc Chauvin, Ornella Pagliano, Julien Fourcade, Zhaojun Sun, Cindy Sanders, John M. Kirkwood, Tseng-hui T. Chen, Mark Maurer, Alan Korman, Hassane Zarour. Targeting TIGIT and PD-1 to increase the expansion and function of tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in melanoma patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 459. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-459
P20 A database approach to DOSE score calculation as a tool to identify ‘at risk’ Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients through clinical records
Authors: LA Rigge, M Johnson, D Culliford, N Williams, L Josephs, M Thomas, T Wilkinson
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3></h3> Establishing how best to target resources remains a challenge within COPD as this is a heterogeneous patient group with complex needs often poorly reflected by routinely collected clinical measurements such as FEV<sub>1</sub>. Jones <i>et al</i>. created The DOSE score (dyspnoea (MRC score), obstruction (FEV<sub>1</sub> percentage predicted), smoking status and exacerbation number in a year) (Table 1) a validated, clinically useful measure of risk stratification in COPD which utilises data already routinely collected in Primary Care for QOF review. By using a collaborative approach with informatics, statistical and clinical input we developed a database approach to calculating a DOSE score using routinely collected and coded Primary and Secondary Care data. A local NHS database holding anonymised clinical records for over one million patients was used to identify a cohort of over 13,000 patients with codes diagnostic of COPD. Microsoft Structured Query Language Server was used to identify, cleanse and standardise the required clinical information and calculate the DOSE score, creating a series of functions that can be replicated across other database management systems. Date of FEV<sub>1</sub> percentage predicted was taken as the index date for DOSE score calculation. Where only FEV<sub>1</sub> was recorded, a percentage of predicted FEV<sub>1</sub> was calculated using available height and age data. Read codes (the routine coding system used in primary care) and ICD-10 codes were used to compile lists identifying those symptoms, diagnoses and prescriptions indicative of COPD exacerbations. These lists were applied in the year prior to the chosen FEV<sub>1</sub> value and, functions were written to cluster those events felt to be reflective of a single exacerbation. Read codes reflecting MRC score and smoking status closest in time to the index FEV<sub>1</sub> measurement were combined with the above measurements, generating a complete score in approximately 10,000 patients. Partial scores were created for a further 1500 patients with incomplete data for the individual score components. This approach provides a simple way for clinicians to risk stratify their COPD population without increasing their clinical workload. This gives an opportunity to identify those at highest risk of hospital admission and death and proactively allocate resources accordingly.
Bone Marrow Microenvironment Regulates Alternative Splicing Events in Myeloma Cells through Downregulation of RNA Binding Protein Fox2
Authors: Weihua Song, Chaolin Zhang, Yiguo Hu, Maria Gkotzamanidou, Parantu Shah, Weisong Shan, Guang Yang, Yi Li, Adam Sperling, Naim Rashid, Mehmet Kemal Samur, Samir B. Amin, Yu-Tzu Tai, Teru Hideshima, Giovanni Parmigiani, Florence Magrangeas, Stephane Minvielle, Hervé Avet-Loiseau, Kenneth C. Anderson, Cheng Li, Nikhil C. Munshi
Journal: Blood (2014)
Expression of Filaggrin in Skin Biopsies: Role in Maintenance of Symptoms Among Brazilian Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Karine Boufleur, Renata Nahas Cardili, Janaina M.L. Melo, Adriana S. Moreno, Ana Maria Roselino, Edson Soares, Luisa Karla P. Arruda
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
ANGI-02PERIOPERATIVE CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA PROMOTE INFILTRATIVE RECURRENCE IN GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: Oliver Bähr, Ana-Luisa Thieppold, Sebastian Luger, Marlies Wagner, Filman Natalie, Michael Ronellenfitsch, Patrick Harter, Anne Braczyinski, Stefan Dützmann, Elke Hattingen, Christian Senft, Johannes Rieger, Joachim Steinbach
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BACKGROUND: Hypoxia is a key driver for infiltrative growth in experimental gliomas. It has remained elusive whether tumor hypoxia in glioblastoma patients contributes to distant or diffuse recurrences. We therefore investigated the influence of perioperative cerebral ischemia on patterns of progression in glioblastoma patients. METHODS: We retrospectively screened MRI scans of 245 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma undergoing resection for perioperative ischemia near the resection cavity. 46 showed relevant ischemia nearby the resection cavity. A control cohort without perioperative ischemia was generated by a 1:1 matching using an algorithm based on gender, age and adjuvant treatment. Both cohorts were analyzed for patterns of progression by a blinded neuroradiologist. RESULTS: The percentage of diffuse or distant recurrences at first relapse was significantly higher in the cohort with perioperative ischemia (61.1%) compared to the control cohort (19.4%). The results of the control cohort matched well with historical data. The change in patterns of progression was not associated with a difference in survival. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals an unrecognized association of perioperative cerebral ischemia with distant or diffuse recurrence in glioblastoma. It is the first clinical study supporting the concept that hypoxia is a key driver of infiltrative tumor growth in glioblastoma patients.
Inhibition of Anchorage-Independent Growth of Human Melanoma Cells by a Monoclonal Antibody to a Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J R Harper, R A Reisfeld
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Anchorage-independent growth of tumor cells constitutes a phenotype highly associated with malignant transformation and appears to be important in the ultimate event of tumor metastasis, i.e., secondary tumor colonization. The role of a specific, melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan population in anchorage-independent growth was assessed. Melanoma cells cultured in soft agar containing monoclonal antibody (mAb) 9.2.27, which recognizes such molecules on the surface of these cells, showed a 67-74% specific decrease in their colony formation. In contrast, neither mouse myeloma IgG nor monoclonal anti-HLA-A,B,C antibody (W6/32) had any effect on colony formation of the melanoma cells grown in soft agar. Human melanoma cells cultured in the presence of mAb 9.2.27 or W6/32 did not exhibit any changes in their DNA or protein synthetic metabolism. These findings suggest that 9.2.27-defined chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans on the surface of human melanoma cells may be involved in cell--cell interaction important in anchorage-independent growth.
The Relative Risk of Ulcerative Keratitis among Users of Daily-Wear and Extended-Wear Soft Contact Lenses
Authors: Oliver D. Schein, Robert J. Glynn, Eugene C. Poggio, Johanna M. Seddon, Kenneth R. Kenyon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Over 13 million people in the United States wear soft contact lenses for refractive correction. Ulcerative keratitis is considered the most serious adverse effect of the use of contact lenses. We performed a case-control study with 86 case patients, estimating separately for hospital-based (n = 61) and population-based (n = 410) controls the relative risk of ulcerative keratitis among users of extended-wear as compared with daily-wear soft contact lenses. The relative risk of ulcerative keratitis for extended-wear as compared with daily-wear lenses among the population-based controls was 3.90 (95 percent confidence interval, 2.35 to 6.48) and among the hospital-based controls, 4.21 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.95 to 9.08). thirty-eight percent of those with extended-wear lenses used them only during the day, and 11 percent of those with daily-wear lenses occasionally wore them overnight. When lens wearers were distinguished according to their overnight use of lenses, the users of extended-wear lenses who wore them overnight had a risk 10 to 15 times as great as the users of daily-wear lenses who did not, and the users of daily-wear lenses who sometimes wore them overnight had 9 times the risk of the users of such lenses who did not. For the users of extended-wear lenses, the risk of ulcerative keratitis was incrementally related to the extent of overnight wear. A reduction in risk associated with more frequent attention to lens hygiene was almost significant. We conclude that soft contact lenses worn overnight carry a significantly greater risk for ulcerative keratitis than soft lenses worn only during the day. (N Engl J Med 1989; 321:773–8.)
Sensitivity to Pork-Liver Extract in Pernicious Anemia
Authors: John L. Bauer, R. Janet Watson, John R. Chambliss, Charles S. Davidson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

NOT until several years after the classic report of Minot and Murphy1 on the treatment of pernicious anemia with liver was a potent injectable liver extract first employed for the routine therapy of this disease. In 1933 Gänsslen2 gave scant details of the method of preparation but described striking hematologic and clinical effects with the product later well known under the proprietary name of "Campolon." Subsequently, the cases of at least 175 patients who were sensitive to liver extract have been reported, half of them in the last three years. Individual studies indicate that such sensitivity is not a rare . . .
S9900: A phase III trial of surgery alone or surgery plus preoperative (preop) paclitaxel/carboplatin (PC) chemotherapy in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Preliminary results
Authors: K. Pisters, E. Vallieres, P. Bunn, J. Crowley, R. Ginsberg, P. Ellis, B. Meyers, R. Marks, J. Treat, D. Gandara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

LBA7012 Background: At the time of study design, phase III trials had found improved survival in stage IIIA NSCLC patients (pts) treated with preop but not adjuvant chemotherapy. A large phase II trial in early stage NSCLC found preop PC feasible and improved survival over historical controls. S9900 was undertaken to determine whether preop PC could improve survival compared to surgery alone. ACOSOG, ECOG, NCCTG, and NCIC also participated. Methods: Consenting pts with clinical stage T2N0, T1–2N1, and T3N0–1 NSCLC (excluding superior sulcus tumors) were stratified by clinical stage (IB/IIA vs. IIB/IIIA) and randomized to preop PC (P:225 mg/m2 over 3 hours, C:AUC=6) on day 1, every 3 weeks x 3 or surgery alone. Eligible pts had performance status 0–1, age ≥ 18 years (yrs), predicted post-resection FEV1 ≥ 1.0L. Surgery was at least a lobectomy and mediastinal nodal sampling. The primary endpoint was an increase in median survival by 33% over expected 2.7 yrs for surgery. Planned sample size of this prospective, randomized trial was 600 pts, giving 81% power using a one-sided test with .025 significance level. Current median follow-up is 24 months. Survival data will be compared using log-rank. Results: S9900 closed to new pt entry in 07/04 following the positive adjuvant data. 354 pts were accrued; 174-surgery alone, 180-preop PC. Pt characteristics: median age 64 yrs, 66% male, 36% PS 1, 63% T2N0, 5% T1N1, 19% T2N1, 10% T3N0, 4% T3N1, 31% adenocarcinoma. Treatment-related deaths during PC-3, within 30 days of surgery-7 on PC arm, 4 on control. Updated survival will be presented at ASCO as the Data & Safety Monitoring Committee felt this an appropriate venue for data release. Conclusions: Although closed early secondary to positive adjuvant data, this study is one of the largest randomized trials examining preop chemotherapy in early stage NSCLC. As such, it represents a landmark regarding feasibility of this approach. A randomized trial comparing preop to adjuvant chemotherapy has been proposed to the North American Lung Intergroup. Supported by SWOG CA30102. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Aventis, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lilly Oncology Aventis, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lilly Oncology
The role of benzodiazepines in nonpsychiatric medical practice
Authors: L Lasagna
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

The benzodiazepines are widely prescribed by many physicians for patients with depression, anxiety reaction, circulatory disorders, digestive disorders, tension headache, and pain in chest and back. According to various studies there is reason to believe that benzodiazepines not only possess the anxiolytic effects universally attributed to them but may also ameliorate somatic complaints affecting such systems as the cardiovascular and the gastrointestinal. twhether the bensodiazepines affect organ systems known to be linked in important pathophysiological ways to the nervous system deserves further study.
Limitations in the Diagnostic Value of Serum Leucine Aminopeptidase
Authors: Elmer Hoffman, Marvin M. Nachlas, Samuel D. Gaby, Samuel J. Abrams, Arnold M. Seligman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

ON the basis of the hydrolysis of L-leucylglycine, Fleisher and his associates1 , 2 reported striking elevations of leucine aminopeptidase in serum of patients with hepatocellular disease as contrasted with those having obstructive jaundice. By means of a colorimetric method3 with the substrate, L-leucyl-2-naphthylamide, Rutenburg and his co-workers suggested that elevated leucine aminopeptidase activity in urine was a prominent finding in neoplastic disease4 and in serum was particularly helpful in diagnosing carcinoma of the pancreas.5 6 7 This was so since a normal serum level was observed to constitute strong evidence against the presence of carcinoma of the pancreas with or without associated jaundice. . . .
Heparin Therapy in Septicemia with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: James J. Corrigan, Charles M. Jordan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Of 26 children with septic shock studied for coagulation defects, 24 received heparin in addition to standard therapy. Disseminated intravascular coagulation was diagnosed in 96 per cent. Of the heparin-treated patients 58 per cent died in shock; laboratory evidence of improvement in the coagulation defects occurred in all who survived and in three who died in shock. The presence of hypofibrinogenemia indicated a very poor prognosis but did not necessarily mean that shock was irreversible. Thus, heparin does not appear to improve survival in patients with septicemia and associated hypotension but may improve the coagulation defects. Improvement in the hypotension probably has a major role in abolishing disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Soundings: ... a joy forever
Authors: Liam Farrell
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Andrew Lloyd Webber musicals, drugs reps personally demonstrating thixotropic nasal sprays; the world is full of unattractive things, and vomiting is reckoned among the worst of them.

Vomiting and the presence of a vomiting centre in the brain seems like yet more arguments against the existence of a benevolent God. There are other physical activities with better public relations which perhaps seem more deserving of a centre of their own, and in Thomas More’s Utopia, all other methods of elimination were recognised as being among the pleasures of the flesh; he seems to have specifically excluded vomiting, perhaps to further annoy Henry VIII.

I can understand this attitude, however misguided it is, as I myself have vomited once or twice, and it wasn’t pleasant. But to a physiologist, vomiting is actually an exquisitely elegant and fascinating manoeuvre, and there are irrefutably positive aspects to driving the porcelain bus.

Vomiting, like Gaul, is divided into three parts; first of all nausea, you feel you want to vomit; then comes retching, all the sound effects and tumult and all the unique sensations—but nothing comes out; sound and fury, signifying nothing. Finally, the real thing ... the vomit. The stomach starts to dance, the valves open, and whoop, up it comes, a wild trumpet blast on the unfortunate palate, and you think, “I don’t remember eating that.” 

But no pain without gain, and vomiting is in fact a protective mechanism to get rid of poisons in a determinedly unforgettable manner; you might forget your birthday or anniversary, even your last columbine kiss, but nobody forgets their last vomit, or the circumstances which caused it. Such a complex activity requires part of the brain all to itself; the vomiting centre is devoted to coordinating the messages coming in from the stomach and the blood, and to sending them back to the stomach telling it to throw up immediately and damn the embarrassment. It’s coincidently a great way of getting rid of unwanted company.

So the next time you get on the great white telephone to God, transcend the misery and remember that your body is presenting you with a most precious gift; emerald and ruby, amethyst and amber, a liquid bird of paradise, a spectacular, technicolour yawn, only Cecil B DeMille could direct the movie. A thing of beauty is...
PWE-320 CRP can predict anastomotic leak in rectal cancer resection
Authors: G Broadley, P Waterland, D McArthur, D Nicol, S Pandey, J Ng, S Karandikar
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Post-operative colorectal cancer resections are high risk due to associated morbidity and mortality (30% and 6.7%, respectively). Anastomosis leak has been associated to a negative impact upon survival, independent of tumour staging. C-Reactive Protein (CRP; 125–190 mg/L) has a positive predictive value in predicting anastomotic leak in open colorectal resections. <h3>Aims</h3> To study the predictive value of CRP for anastomotic leak in all rectal resections. Secondly, to review if CRP values vary with laparoscopic and open rectal resections. <h3>Method</h3> Consecutive rectal cancer resection patients with an anastomosis performed at 2 high volume units for the period 2010–2014 were included. Clinical data was collected including demographics, CRP results for day 1 to day 7 and complications. Anastomotic leak was confirmed via CT imaging. Outcomes were statistically assessed with receiver operating curves (ROC) analysis. <h3>Results</h3> There were a total of 379 (131 Open; 248 laparoscopic) patients included, with a total of 49 (12.9%) anastomotic leaks: 26 in the open group and 23 in laparoscopic group. In laparoscopic resections, ROC analysis suggests day 3 CRP of 157 (ROC area: 0.713, sensitivity: 0.700, specificity: 0.753) is predictive of anastomotic leak. Comparatively in open resections, ROC analysis suggests day 3 CRP of 207 (ROC area: 0.765, sensitivity: 0.765, specificity: 0.700) is predictive. <h3>Conclusion</h3> CRP, in both laparoscopic and open rectal resections, has positive predictive value for an anastomotic leak; best seen at day 3. Laparoscopic resections have a much lower predictive threshold than open resections in the observed period. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Resection of Pulmonary Lesions Associated with Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas
Authors: Lucas L. Kulczycki, John M. Craig, Harry Shwachman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

IT is becoming increasingly clear that the pulmonary involvement in cystic fibrosis of the pancreas is by far the most important and serious manifestation of this disease. For many years the pancreatic lesion, with the associated nutritional disturbances, had been emphasized. The name of the disease, "cystic fibrosis of the pancreas," is a reflection of this early concern. Farber and Wolbach1 recognized the generalized nature of this disease, and in 1945 Farber2 suggested the name "mucoviscidosis" to indicate the widespread involvement of mucus-secreting cells. More recently di Sant'Agnese et al.3 demonstrated a defect in the function of the sweat glands . . .