tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patient-rated outcomes (PRO) in a randomized trial of first-line chemotherapy with capecitabine (C), bevacizumab (B), and mitomycin-C (M) for metastatic colorectal cancer: The AGITG MAX trial.
Authors: M. Stockler, D. Zannino, K. Wilson, V. Gebski, E. A. Abdi, A. Strickland, R. M. Lowenthal, R. J. Simes, T. J. Price, N. C. Tebbutt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e14036 Background: We previously reported that adding B (± M) to C improved progression-free survival (PFS) in patients having first-line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (Abs 4023, ASCO 2009). Here we compare the effects of these treatments on patients' ratings of symptoms, functions, overall quality of life, and acceptability of chemotherapy. Methods: Subjects were randomly allocated to C, CB or CBM. The following PRO questionnaires (number of items) were completed at weeks 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and then 6-weekly until progression: Euroqol-5D (5), Utility Based Quality of Life Questionnaire - Cancer (30), and Chemotherapy Acceptability Questionnaire (15). Generalized estimating equation regression models were used to calculate differences between treatment groups (D), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and p-values that accounted for baseline values, repeated measurements and different treatment durations. Analyses were 2-tailed, not adjusted for multiple comparisons, and expressed on a scale from 0 (lowest level) to 10 (highest level). Results: 409 of 471 trial subjects (87%) completed PRO questionnaires before and during treatment. Sore hands or feet were worse with CB than C (D 0.62, 95% CI 0.19 to 1.05, p = 0.005), and with CBM than C (D 0.52, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.94, p = 0.016). Sore mouth was worse with CBM than C (D 0.50, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.78, p < 0.001) and perhaps with CB than C (D 0.26, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.51, p = 0.05), but not with CBM than CB (D 0.24, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.55 to 0.06, p = 0.117). Hair loss was worse with CBM than C (D 0.21, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.35, p = 0.007) and with CBM than CB (D 0.19, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.36, p = 0.02). Constipation was worse with CBM than C (D 0.32, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.62, p = 0.032) and with CBM than CB (D 0.38, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.68, p = 0.011). There were no significant differences between the 3 treatment groups in other symptoms, functions, overall quality of life, or acceptability of chemotherapy. Conclusions: The benefits on PFS of adding B to C were associated with worse hand foot syndrome and stomatitis, but these toxicities were not manifest by differences in other PRO suggesting they had little effect on net clinical benefit. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Roche Roche Roche
Quantitative maternal hepatitis B surface antigen predicts maternally transmitted hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Wan‐Hsin Wen, Chi‐Wen Huang, Wei‐Chu Chie, Chun‐Yan Yeung, Lu‐Lu Zhao, Wen‐Terng Lin, Jia‐Feng Wu, Yen‐Hsuan Ni, Hong‐Yuan Hsu, Mei‐Hwei Chang, Lung‐Huang Lin, Huey‐Ling Chen
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

Despite immunoprophylaxis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in highly viremic mothers remains a global health issue. Using quantitative maternal surface antigen (HBsAg) to predict HBV infection in infants has not been investigated. We enrolled 526 mother-infant pairs with positive maternal HBsAg under current immunoprophylaxis. Maternal viral load and quantitative HBsAg were measured in the peripartum period. Infant HBsAg seropositivity for more than 6 months was defined as chronic infection. Rates of chronic infection in infants at various maternal HBsAg levels were estimated using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results showed that maternal HBsAg was positively correlated with maternal viral load (r = 0.69; P < 0.001) and accurately predicted maternal viral load above 6, 7, and 8 log10 IU/mL with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.97, 0.98, and 0.95. Nineteen infants were chronically infected. After adjustment for the other risk factor, maternal HBsAg level was significantly associated with risk of infection (adjusted odds ratio for each log10 IU/mL increase, 15.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.89-57.94; P < 0.001). The AUC for predicting infection by quantitative maternal HBsAg was comparable to that by maternal viral load (0.89 vs. 0.87; P = 0.459). Estimated rates of infection at maternal HBsAg levels of 4, 4.5, and 5 log10 IU/mL were 2.4% (95% CI, 0.1-4.6; P = 0.04), 8.6% (95% CI, 4.5-12.7; P < 0.001), and 26.4% (95% CI, 12.6-40.2; P < 0.001).Quantitative maternal HBsAg predicts infection in infants as well as maternal viral load does. Antiviral therapy may be considered in pregnant women with an HBsAg level above 4-4.5 log10 IU/mL to interrupt mother-to-infant transmission. (Hepatology 2016;64:1451-1461).
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of a right liver abscess with a self-expandable metallic stent
Authors: Takeshi Ogura, Wataru Takagi, Saori Onda, Daisuke Masuda, Masayuki Kitano, Akira Imoto, Kazuhide Higuchi
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Percutaneous drainage is one of the first options for the treatment of liver abscesses [1]. However, this method has several limitations, such as the requirement for external drainage and the risk for self-removal of the tube. On the other hand, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage of liver abscesses overcomes both of these limitations. In addition, EUS-guided liver abscess drainage with a self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) has a greater effect than percutaneous drainage, and leakage of the infected fluid is not likely to occur.
Otologic Aspects of Vertigo
Authors: Joseph J. Fischer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

VERTIGO is a very important word in the vocabulary of the otolaryngologist. Unfortunately, some confusion exists, regarding not only etiology but also definition and nomenclature. One has to bear in mind that vertigo is a subjective symptom that makes the physician entirely dependent on the history given by the patient, who may call the most variegated sensations vertigo. He not only describes the feeling of being turned around or of objects turning around, but also sensations of losing the ground or being lifted up, or lightness or heaviness in the head. Others complain of unsteadiness and fainting, and finally a . . .
Abstract 2029: Head-to-Head Comparison of Planimetric and Continuity Equation Assessment of Aortic Valve Area by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Echocardiography.
Authors: Anne-Catherine M Pouleur, Jean-Benoit le Polain de Waroux, Agnes Pasquet, David Vancraeynest, Jean-Louis J Vanoverschelde, Bernhard Gerber
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Purpose. Similar to echocardiography, cardiac MR (cMR) can assess aortic valve area (AVA) by a direct planimetric and a continuity equation approach. Yet, both approaches have never been compared i...
Oral hypoglycaemic effect of GLP-1 and DPP4 inhibitor based nanocomposites in a diabetic animal model
Authors: Neha Shrestha, Francisca Araújo, Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi, Ermei Mäkilä, Maria João Gomes, Mikko Airavaara, Esko I. Kauppinen, Janne Raula, Jarno Salonen, Jouni Hirvonen, Bruno Sarmento, Hélder A. Santos
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2016)
S7 Airway Pathological Phenotypes and their Clinical Utility in Adult Asthma
Authors: S Siddiqui, A Shikotra, M Richardson, E Doran, D Choy, M Shelley, B Hargadon, J Arron, C Brightling, L Heaney, A Wardlaw, P Bradding
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Airway remodelling and cellular inflammation are well recognised pathological features of asthma. However the relationship between asthma phenotype, treatment intensity and pathology is poorly understood. <h3>Objectives</h3> We performed a study of common pathological features in adult asthmatic bronchial biopsies to identify (i) whether discrete ‘pathological phenotypes/subtypes’ exist and (ii) their clinical utility. <h3>Methods</h3> 202 patients (142 asthma and 60 healthy volunteers) were recruited. Patients underwent bronchoscopy and endobronchial biopsy. Bronchial biopsies were evaluated for eleven common features of asthma pathology. Standard biostatistical analyses including a range of cluster analyses and machine learning were applied to pathological features alone to evaluate our objectives. <h3>Results</h3> Three distinct immunopathological clusters were identified and characterised by distinct biopsy features of cellular inflammation and remodelling. Specifically, i) late onset severe eosinophilic asthma [cluster 1] with evidence of reticular basement membrane thickening, increased epithelial area and vascular remodelling, ii) milder late onset asthma [cluster 2] with few features of remodelling and iii), an early onset atopic eosinophilic asthma [cluster 3] with features of Th2 high asthma, increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass, increased mast cells within the ASM and a mixed granulocytic submucosal inflammation. Pre bronchodilator FEV1 and decline (in a subset) differed across the clusters. Pathological features did not add value to the clinical prediction of asthma. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We have identified three novel pathological clusters of asthma with differing features of airway remodelling, cellular inflammation and airway function. Asthma may be characterised by variable pathological phenotypes warranting further evaluation in larger population studies.
Increased Plasma Proteolytic Activity Due to Arginine Amidase in Patients with Pancreatitis
Authors: Herbert D. Gullick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THERE have been several recent investigations of blood proteolytic enzymes in patients with pancreatic disease. Both amidase and esterase reactions have been studied by the hydrolysis of synthetic peptide substrates. Increased enzymatic activity has been observed in patients with pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma with the use of the arginyl substrates benzoyl-arginine amide (BAA),1 2 3 4 benzoyl-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE)5 and tosyl-arginine methyl ester (TAME).6 , 7 Unsuccessful attempts to reproduce these results have been reported with the same substrates.8 9 10 11 12 13 The diversity of clinical results and the unproved specificity of these blood enzyme reactions indicate a need for clarification of their reproducibility and significance. This . . .
Study of Relevant Allergens in Children and Adults with Lentil Allergy in a Population of Madrid Compared to Those with Allergy to Lentil and Peanut
Authors: Maria Luisa Somoza, Natalia Blanca-López, Diana Perez Alzate, Maria Isabel Garcimartin, Francisco Javier Ruano, Maria Vazquez De La Torre, Elisa Haroun, Francisca Gómez, Cristobalina Mayorga, Ana Aranda, Miguel Blanca, Gabriela Canto
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Immune Evasion during Lung Cancer Progression: The Chicken or the Egg?
Authors: Ila Datar, Kurt A. Schalper
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex process involved in metastasis. Immune evasion is required for tumor progression and is characterized by an ineffective antitumor immune response and upregulation of immune-suppressive signals. The coexistence of EMT and adaptive immune evasion opens the possibility of a mechanistic link between these processes. Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3422-4. ©2016 AACRSee related article by Lou et al., p. 3630.
Redistribution and Modulation of Gross Murine Leukemia Virus Antigens Induced by Specific Antibodies&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: H L Ioachim, M Sabbath
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Gross murine leukemia virus (G-MulV)-induced rat leukemia cells in tissue culture replicate G-MuLV, express strong virus-associated membrane antigenicity, and are consistently killed by specific antibodies and complement in cytotoxicity tests. To explore the effect of specific antibodies, rat anti-GMuLV antisera were added to the cultures of leukemia cells for variable periods of time. Redistribution of virus particles as well as of membrane virus antigens in the form of polar patches and caps was observed by electron microscopy, indirect immunofluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopy. Substantial decreases in cytotoxicity indexes accompanied these changes. The antigen modulation induced by anti-G-MuLV antibodies in vitro paralleled similar changes obtained in vivo by transplantation of leukemia cells in rats with high anti-G-MuLV antibody titers. The importance of antigen modulation in this system resides in its direct relationship with the malignant potential of the leukemia cells.
Asymptomatic Gonorrhea in Men
Authors: H. Hunter Handsfield, Timothy O. Lipman, James P. Harnisch, Evelyn Tronca, King K. Holmes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract Urethral gonococcal infection was detected in 40 per cent of asymptomatic male contacts of women with symptomatic gonorrhea. Culture was more sensitive than fluorescent antibody or Gram-stained smears in detecting asymptomatic genital infection in men, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae was detected more often in the anterior urethra than in prostatic secretions by all three methods. Among 28 asymptomatically infected men followed without treatment for seven to 165 days, 18 remained asymptomatic carriers of N. gonorrhoeae. N. gonorrhoeae was cultured from 59 (2.2 per cent) of 2628 sexually active United States Army enlisted men undergoing routine examinations, and 68 per cent of the infected men were asymptomatic. Asymptomatically infected men constitute a definite reservoir of N. gonorrhoeae, and a major factor in the current gonorrhea pandemic is the failure of physicians to identify and treat asymptomatic male contacts of women with gonorrhea that is either symptomatic or detected by routine culturing....
When Going for the Gold Is Not an Option
Authors: Stephen G. Pauker, Richard I. Kopelman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

A 25-year-old, previously healthy white man consulted his physician because of a two-month history of progressive diffuse joint pain. Initially, the patient noticed pain in his left elbow on awakening. The pain soon involved both knees and ankles and persisted for longer periods during the day; it then became constant and was accompanied by fatigue. One month after the onset of joint pain, low back stiffness developed, which was worse on awakening, improved with activity, and increased again at the end of the day. The physical examination was unremarkable. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 20 mm per hour, the . . .
Treatment outcomes in elderly patients (≥ 60 years) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) with intensive chemotherapy: A retrospective single center analysis
Authors: A. J. Amin, D. Randhawa, N. Janbay, S. Abo, H. Patel, M. Miglani, R. Ojha, R. Nath
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

6724 Background: The diagnosis of AML or RAEB in the elderly infers a short survival. Then median survival of elderly patients with AML treated with chemotherapy is approximately 7 months, and those with RAEB is 12 months. Methods: Records of all elderly patients with AML or RAEB who received intensive chemotherapy at our institution since March 2002 were reviewed for prognostic factors, treatment response and overall survival. Results: Seventeen elderly patients (AML- 14, RAEB- 3) were identified. There were 8 males and 9 females. The median age was 68(range of 60–83) years. Seven (41.1%) had poor risk cytogenetics, 8(47.1%) had intermediate risk, and 2 (11.8%)had unknown risk. Patients underwent induction chemotherapy with the following regimens: high dose cytarabine (HIDAC)/ mitoxantrone -13 patients, 7+3 -2 patients, HIDAC/ topetecan -1 patient, HIDAC/ daunorubicin -1 patient. Thirteen (76.5%) patients achieved a complete remission (CR). Of these patients, 11 (64.7%) patients had a morphologic CR (CRm) and 2 (11.8%) patients achieved CR with inadequate count recovery (CRi). Three patients out of 11 with cytogenetic abnormalities achieved a cytogenetic CR (CRc). There was one (5.9%) induction related mortality. Two patients (11.8%)had persistent disease post induction. Thirteen patients received a HIDAC based second round of chemotherapy and one went directly to allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT); all achieved a type of CR (CRm - 11 pts, CRi - 3 pts). Eight patients received a third round of intense therapy (2- chemotherapy, 4- autologous SCT, 2- mini- allogeneic SCT). Median survival from first day of chemotherapy was 496 days (range 13- 880). Kaplan-Meier estimate of one-year survival of fifteen patients (1 patient censored at 74 and 79 days) is 68.63% (SE 11.74%). Two year Kaplan-Meier estimate of survival of ten patients (1 patient censored at 74, 79, 243, 370, 494, 581, and 879 days) is 31.37% (SE 14.04%). All censored patients are alive and continued to be followed. Conclusions: Our experience shows that aggressive treatment of AML and RAEB in the elderly can produce longer survivals than previously reported. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Recombinant Factor VIII for the Treatment of Previously Untreated Patients with Hemophilia A -- Safety, Efficacy, and Development of Inhibitors
Authors: Jeanne M. Lusher, Steven Arkin, Charles F. Abildgaard, Richard S. Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Although methods of viral attenuation in plasma-derived clotting-factor concentrates have improved, there is still a possibility that such concentrates may transmit certain blood-borne viruses. For this reason, the use of recombinant DNA-derived factor VIII (which is virus-free) to treat hemophilia A has generated considerable interest.
Spinner's Hematuria
Authors: Kenneth M. Algazy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

To the Editor: I would like to propose a hypothesis that may account for the findings of Borghi et al. (Jan.10 issue). 1 The low-protein, low-salt diet they studied may have reduced the urinary monosodium urate concentration.An increase in urinary monosodium urate can promote the heterogeneous nucleation of calcium oxalate stones. 2 A low-sodium diet would reduce the relative concentration of urinary monosodium urate, 3 and a low-protein diet would reduce the urinary uric acid concentration and increase the urinary citrate concentration. 4,5Urinary citrate increases the solubility of uric acid and inhibits the formation of calcium oxalate stones.These considerations could have been easily addressed if the authors had included urinary uric acid, citrate, pH, and monosodium urate product values with their data.An important consideration is the patients' base-line hypernatriuria.The mean urinary sodium values at base line were roughly 130 to 140 percent higher than normal and were even substantially higher than the values in other cohorts of patients with calcium stones. 6 It would be interesting to know how patients with normal (or high-normal) urinary sodium concentrations at base line would fare on a low-sodium diet.Presumably, they would derive less benefit from a low-sodium, low-protein, normal-calcium diet than the patients described in this important study.
Diabetes and Pregnancy
Authors: David Hurwitz, Norio Higano
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE purpose of this paper is to present the results of our experience with 140 pregnancies in diabetes from 1932 to September 1, 1950, with special reference to factors influencing fetal mortality. The first 18 cases of this series have been previously reported in an earlier communication.1 Except for a small group of 14 patients treated with diethylstilbestrol by mouth,2 the patients have had no specific treatment other than careful medical management of their diabetes, and delivery according to the obstetric indications, as discussed by Hurwitz and Irving1 in 1937. Insulin therapy has reduced the fetal mortality from about SO . . .
Osteoporosis and pathologic fractures in anorexia nervosa
Authors: A W Brotman, T A Stern
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

Osteoporosis with pathologic fractures occurred in three patients with chronic anorexia nervosa. The authors discuss the pathophysiology of this rarely reported complication and advise clinicians to thoroughly investigate complaints of bone or back pain from this high-risk population.
<i>mda-7/IL-24</i> Induces Cell Death in Neuroblastoma through a Novel Mechanism Involving AIF and ATM
Authors: Praveen Bhoopathi, Nathaniel Lee, Anjan K. Pradhan, Xue-Ning Shen, Swadesh K. Das, Devanand Sarkar, Luni Emdad, Paul B. Fisher
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Advanced stages of neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial malignant solid tumor of the central nervous system in infants and children, are refractive to therapy. Ectopic expression of melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24) promotes broad-spectrum antitumor activity in vitro, in vivo in preclinical animal models, and in a phase I clinical trial in patients with advanced cancers without harming normal cells. mda-7/IL-24 exerts cancer-specific toxicity (apoptosis or toxic autophagy) by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress and modulating multiple signal transduction pathways regulating cancer cell growth, invasion, metastasis, survival, and angiogenesis. To enhance cancer-selective expression and targeted anticancer activity of mda-7/IL-24, we created a tropism-modified cancer terminator virus (Ad.5/3-CTV), which selectively replicates in cancer cells producing robust expression of mda-7/IL-24 We now show that Ad.5/3-CTV induces profound neuroblastoma antiproliferative activity and apoptosis in a caspase-3/9-independent manner, both in vitro and in vivo in a tumor xenograft model. Ad.5/3-CTV promotes these effects through a unique pathway involving apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) translocation into the nucleus. Inhibiting AIF rescued neuroblastoma cells from Ad.5/3-CTV-induced cell death, whereas pan-caspase inhibition failed to promote survival. Ad.5/3-CTV infection of neuroblastoma cells increased ATM phosphorylation instigating nuclear translocation and increased γ-H2AX, triggering nuclear translocation and intensified expression of AIF. These results were validated further using two ATM small-molecule inhibitors that attenuated PARP cleavage by inhibiting γ-H2AX, which in turn inhibited AIF changes in Ad.5/3-CTV-infected neuroblastoma cells. Taken together, we elucidate a novel pathway for mda-7/IL-24-induced caspase-independent apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells mediated through modulation of AIF, ATM, and γ-H2AX. Cancer Res; 76(12); 3572-82. ©2016 AACR.
Relation between Complications of Type I Diabetes Mellitus and Collagen-Linked Fluorescence
Authors: Vincent M. Monnier, Vasanth Vishwanath, Kay E. Frank, Craig A. Elmets, Paul Dauchot, Robert R. Kohn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Nonenzymatically glycosylated proteins gradually form fluorescent cross-linked protein adducts — a process termed "browning." The rate of this reaction increases with the glucose concentration. Assaying for the presence of browning products in long-lived proteins should therefore provide information on long-term metabolic control. We measured collagen-linked fluorescence typical for nonenzymatic browning in skin-biopsy specimens from 41 subjects with long-standing Type I diabetes and from 25 controls. Fluorescence correlated with age and (weakly) with the duration of diabetes. Mean age-adjusted fluorescence values were twice as high in diabetic subjects as in control subjects (P<0.0001) and increased with the severity of retinopathy, nephropathy, and arterial and joint stiffness. The correlation was significant for retinopathy (r = 0.42; P<0.01), arterial stiffness (r = 0.41; P<0.01), joint stiffness (r = 0.34; P<0.05), and the sum of all complications (r = 0.47; P<0.01). Fluorescence also correlated with systolic (r = 0.42; P<0.01) and diastolic (r = 0.36; P<0.05) blood pressures. If one can assume that the fluorescence results from a browning product of glucose, our data suggest that there is an overall correlation between the severity of diabetic complications and cumulative glycemia over many years. (N Engl J Med 1986; 314:403–8.)