tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coronary-Artery Vasoconstriction Induced by Cocaine, Cigarette Smoking, or Both
Authors: David J. Moliterno, John E. Willard, Richard A. Lange, Brian H. Negus, James D. Boehrer, D. Brent Glamann, Charles Landau, James D. Rossen, Michael D. Winniford, L. David Hillis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

In humans, the use of cocaine and cigarette smoking each increase the heart's metabolic need for oxygen but may also decrease the supply of oxygen. As cocaine abuse has proliferated, cocaine-associated chest pain, myocardial infarction, and sudden death have occurred, especially among smokers. We assessed the influence of intranasal cocaine and cigarette smoking, alone and together, on myocardial oxygen demand and coronary arterial dimensions in subjects with and subjects without coronary atherosclerosis.In 42 smokers (28 men and 14 women; age, 34 to 79 years; 36 with angiographically demonstrable coronary artery disease), we measured the product of the heart rate and systolic arterial pressure (rate-pressure product) and coronary arterial diameters before and after intranasal cocaine at a dose of 2 mg per kilogram of body weight (n = 6), one cigarette (n = 12), or intranasal cocaine at a dose of 2 mg per kilogram followed by one cigarette (n = 24).No patient had chest pain or ischemic electrocardiographic changes after cocaine use or smoking. The mean (+/- SE) rate-pressure product increased by 11 +/- 2 percent after cocaine use (n = 30, P < 0.001), by 12 +/- 4 percent after one cigarette (n = 12, P = 0.021), and by 45 +/- 5 percent after both cocaine use and smoking (n = 24, P < 0.001). As compared with base-line measurements, the diameters of nondiseased coronary arterial segments decreased on average by 7 +/- 1 percent after cocaine use (P < 0.001), by 7 +/- 1 percent after smoking (P < 0.001), and by 6 +/- 2 percent after cocaine use and smoking (P < 0.001). The diameters of diseased segments decreased by 9 +/- 2 percent after cocaine use (n = 18, P < 0.001), by 5 +/- 5 percent after smoking (n = 12, P = 0.322), and by 19 +/- 4 percent after cocaine use and smoking (n = 12, P < 0.001). The increase in the rate-pressure product and the decrease in the diameters of diseased segments caused by cocaine use and smoking together were greater (P < 0.001 and P = 0.037, respectively) than the changes caused by either alone.The deleterious effects of cocaine on myocardial oxygen supply and demand are exacerbated by concomitant cigarette smoking. This combination substantially increases the metabolic requirement of the heart for oxygen but simultaneously decreases the diameter of diseased coronary arterial segments.
Target Organ Complications and Cardiovascular Events Associated With Masked Hypertension and White-Coat Hypertension
Authors: Danielle Tientcheu, Colby Ayers, Sandeep R. Das, Darren K. McGuire, James A. de Lemos, Amit Khera, Norman Kaplan, Ronald Victor, Wanpen Vongpatanasin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Brief Communication: Effect of Metabolic Inhibitors on Killing of Tumor Cells by Antibody and Complement
Authors: Martin Segerling, Sarkis H. Ohanian, Tibor Borsos
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Resistance of guinea pig hepatoma cells (line10) to killing by rabbit antibody and guinea pig complement was reduced by pretreatment of the cells with nontoxic doses of actinomycin D, puromycin, mitomycin C, and Itydroxyurea.
<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>Septicemia
Authors: Rabon Cox, Glen Sockwell, Bluitt Landers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

SEVERAL of the "nonpathogenic" organisms occasionally cause serious and even fatal disease. The Bacillus subtilis group has been incriminated intermittently in pathologic conditions since 1898, and a number of case reports in the recent medical literature have given additional emphasis to the pathogenic potentialities of this ubiquitous saprophyte. The purpose of this paper is to present a case of B. subtilis septicemia, with a brief review of the literature.Case ReportA 12-month-old boy had been born of an uncomplicated pregnancy by breech extraction after division of a bipartite vagina. During the 1st hour after birth the baby was in . . .
Clinical and Environmental Factors Associated with Habitual Snoring in the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study (CCAAPS)
Authors: Jennifer A. Kannan, Cole Brokamp, David I. Bernstein, James E. Lockey, Manuel S. Villareal, Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey, Grace K. LeMasters, Patrick Ryan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Photodynamic Effects of Exposure to Hematoporphyrin Derivatives and Dye-Laser Radiation on Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Masaharu Tatsuta, M.D., Reiko Yamamoto, C.T., Hisako Yamamura, B.S., Hiroyasu Iishi, M.D., Sanai Noguchi, M.D., Makoto Ichii, M.D., Shigeru Okuda, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

The phototoxicity of hematoporphyrin derivatives (HPD) and dye-laser radiation on adenocarcinoma cells of the human stomach was examined by light and electron microscopy. Adenocarcinoma cells were obtained from human stomach tissue by endoscopic biopsy. The cells were incubated for 5 minutes in the patient's own serum that contained 0.6 mg HPD/ml and then were exposed to dye-laser radiation at 630 nm at an irradiance of 15 mW/cm2. Electron microscopy showed that cytotoxicity was mediated by mitochondrial damage, dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and alterations of the nuclear membrane. The degenerative changes were greater and more frequent in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cells than in well-differentiated ones. No marked temperature rise was detected during irradiation. Neither the dye alone nor light alone had any effect. A singlet oxygen-trapping agent, 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran, prevented adenocarcinoma cell degeneration that otherwise would result from exposure to HPD and dye-laser radiation. Thus singlet oxygen may be the cytotoxic agent in this system.
A Study of Occupational Exposure to Antineoplastic Drugs and Fetal Loss in Nurses
Authors: Sherry G. Selevan, Marja-Liisa Lindbohm, Richard W. Hornung, Kari Hemminki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

In a case--control study, we examined the relation between fetal loss and occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs in nurses in 17 Finnish hospitals. The pregnancies studied occurred in 1973 through 1980 and were identified using three national sources: the Central Register of Health Care Personnel, the Hospital Discharge Registry, and policlinic data. Each nurse with fetal loss was matched with three nurses who gave birth. Data on health and exposure were obtained by self-administered, mailed questionnaires; a response rate of 87 per cent was achieved after three mailings. A statistically significant association was observed between fetal loss and occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs during the first trimester of pregnancy: odds ratio = 2.30 (95 per cent confidence interval, 1.20 to 4.39). Analyses suggested associations between fetal loss and cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine, although the independent effect of each individual drug could not be specifically identified, since many nurses reported handling more than one of these agents. The results of this study, combined with existing data on animals and human beings, suggest that caution be exercised in the handling of these valuable drugs.
Report of the Cancer Detection Center Demonstration in Massachusetts
Authors: Herbert L. Lombard, Clifford C. Franseen, Leonid S. Snegireff, Evelyn A. Potter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

SINCE 1910 the movement for periodic health examinations has gained increasing support from life-insuranceance companies, from health departments, from the medically served industrial groups and from the medical profession in general. One of the early efforts to provide examinations was undertaken in 1919, when a "health clinic" was opened at the Boston Dispensary for the "self-supporting working people."1 A charge of $5.00 was made for the examination. No treatment was included, and all findings were reported to the subject's physician. After a study of 1000 patients it was concluded that the principle of a routine physical examination, whether made in . . .
Circulating Apoptotic Microparticles in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Drive the Activation of Dendritic Cell Subsets and Prime Neutrophils for NETosis
Authors: Jürgen Dieker, Jurjen Tel, Elmar Pieterse, Astrid Thielen, Nils Rother, Marinka Bakker, Jaap Fransen, Henry B. P. M. Dijkman, Jo H. Berden, Jolanda M. de Vries, Luuk B. Hilbrands, Johan van der Vlag
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Objective Circulating chromatin‐containing apoptotic material and/or neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been proposed to be an important driving force for the antichromatin autoimmune response in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this study was to determine the exact nature of microparticles in the circulation of SLE patients and to assess the effects of the microparticles on the immune system. Methods We analyzed microparticles isolated from the plasma of patients with SLE, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic sclerosis (SSc), as well as from healthy subjects. The effects of the microparticles on blood‐derived dendritic cells (DCs) and neutrophils were assessed by flow cytometry, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and immunofluorescence microscopy. Results In SLE patients, we identified microparticles that were highly positive for annexin V and apoptosis‐modified chromatin that were not present in healthy subjects or in RA or SSc patients. These microparticles were mostly CD31+/CD45– (endothelial), partly CD45+/CD66b+ (granulocyte), and negative for B and T cell markers. Microparticles isolated from the plasma of SLE patients increased the expression of the costimulatory surface molecules CD40, CD80, CD83, and CD86 and the production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor, and interferon‐α by blood‐derived plasmacytoid DCs (PDCs) and myeloid DCs (MDCs). SLE microparticles also primed blood‐derived neutrophils for NETosis. Microparticles from healthy subjects and from RA or SSc patients exhibited no significant effects on MDCs, PDCs, and NETosis. Conclusion Circulating microparticles in SLE patients include a population of apoptotic cell–derived microparticles that has proinflammatory effects on PDCs and MDCs and enhances NETosis. These results underline the important role of apoptotic microparticles in driving the autoimmune response in SLE patients.
Below-Knee Amputations in Patients with Severe Arterial Insufficiency
Authors: Angelo Eraklis, H. Brownell Wheeler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

SURGICAL opinion varies widely as to the advisability of performing below-knee amputations in limbs that exhibit diminished circulation at the level of amputation. It has been shown that below-knee amputations can heal by first intention in patients with severe arterial insufficiency,1 , 2 but failure of healing has been reported in the majority of patients who did not have either a popliteal pulse or calf oscillations.3 At present many surgeons believe that below-knee amputations are contraindicated unless there is good arterial circulation at the level of amputation, as evidenced by the presence of calf oscillations and a palpable popliteal pulse. A recent . . .
PTU-238 Is colonoscopy following an episode of uncomplicated diverticulitis necessary?
Authors: J Younis, S Everett, P Nisar, J Trickett
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Colonoscopy following an episode of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis is routinely practiced in many colorectal units. Internationally recognised guidelines advocate colonoscopy to confirm the diagnosis and exclude neoplasia. The evidence to suppot this is minimal. The aim here was to determine the incidence of colonic neoplasia identified at colonoscopy following an episode of uncomplicated diverticulitis in our unit. <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective study was conducted on patients admitted with CT confirmed uncomplicated diverticulitis over a period of 4 years within one trust. All patients included underwent a colonoscopy within 1 year of presentation. The main outcome measure was the incidence of invasive malignancy/advanced adenoma on colonoscopy performed within 1 year of admission <h3>Results</h3> Two hundred and seventy-three patients were admitted with uncomplicated diverticulitis over a period of 4 years. Two hundred and thirty-seven of these underwent colonoscopy within 1 year of admission. Seventy one (30%) patients had colonic polyps, nine (4.1%) patients had advanced adenomas and two patients were found to have an invasive malignancy. Eleven patients (4.9%) were therefore found to have neoplasia. According to age category (under the age of 50 versus over the age of 50), all cases of neoplasia were found to be present in the older age group. This was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patients found to have neoplasia at colonoscopy following an episode of uncomplicated diverticulitis here was 4.9%. This is no higher than the incidence of colonic neoplasia amongst the average population. Routinely performing colonoscopy after acute uncomplicated diverticulitis may therefore not be necessary. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Use of Computed Tomography in Diagnosing the Cause of Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Eric A. White, Morris Schambelan, Charles R. Rost, Edward G. Biglieri, Albert A. Moss, Melvin Korobkin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

We performed computed tomography (CT) in 22 consecutive patients with primary aldosteronism to evaluate the usefulness of this technique in diagnosing and locating aldosterone-producing adenomas. Sixteen patients had severe hypokalemia, hyperaldosteronism, and elevated plasma levels of 18-hydroxycorticosterone suggestive of an adenoma. In 12 of these 16, a unilateral adrenal mass was demonstrated clearly, and in all 11 who had surgery in adenoma was confirmed. In the other four patients in this group, one adrenal gland was normal and the other was either not seen adequately or had minor abnormalities that could not be definitely classified; an adenoma was found in the poorly visualized gland in each of the two patients who had surgery. The remaining six patients, who had milder biochemical abnormalities suggestive of idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, had bilateral adrenal enlargement or normal-appearing glands on scan and were not surgically explored. We conclude that CT scans, together with appropriate biochemical measurements, are useful in diagnosing and locating aldosterone-producing adenomas.
Outcome of patients who refuse cystectomy after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Long-term results of a single-institutional experience.
Authors: F. Atzori, M. T. Ionta, A. Dore, D. Guerzoni, P. Ziranu, S. Cugudda, M. Muntoni, R. M. Scarpa, A. De Lisa, B. Massidda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e15001 Background: Radical cystectomy (RC) with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection and urinary diversion is considered the mainstay of treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The primary objective of this study was to report the long-term outcome of pts who firmly refuse RC after achieving pathological complete remission (pCR) following initial TUR and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Between 1989 and 2000, 24 pts who firmly refused RC or radiation therapy, after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included into this retrospective study. All pts were male with a median age of 63 years (range 41-73). After the initial TUR, 6 out of 24 pts (25%) were classified as multifocal G3 pT1; 8 (33%) pts G2 pT2; 6 (25%) pts as G3 pT2; 2 (8%) pts as G3 pT3. In no occasion the tumor assessment showed the involvement of locoregional nodes (N0). The neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisted of 6 courses of M-VEC q28 regimen (Methotrexate 30 mg/m2 I.V. on days 1, 15, and 22; Vinblastine 3 mg/m2 I.V. on days 2, 15, and 22; Epirubicin 45 mg/m2 I.V. on day 2; Cisplatin 70 mg/m2 I.V. on day 2) in 14 pts (58%) or Cisplatin-Gemcitabine q28 regimen (Gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 I.V. on days 1, 8, and 15 Cisplatin 70 mg/m2 I.V. on day 2) in 10 pts (42%). Results: After a median follow up of 127 months (range 83-172) the global 5-year disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 67,6% and 88,9% respectively; the global 10-year DFS and OS were 50% and 58% respectively. 9 out of 24 pts (37.5%) are still disease-free; 6 pts died due to other causes (4 pts for stroke, 1 patient for lung cancer, 1 for acute myocardial infarction); 5 pts developed muscle-invasive relapse: 3 pts with initial pT2 G2, pT1G3 and pT1G3 accepted to be undertaken to RC and 2 pts were treated with surgical resections 5 pts who developed non-muscle invasive relapses which have been treated by TURs are disease-free. Conclusions: In this study we have shown that in selected pts with muscle-invasive bladder cancers there is an high chance to survive even at long-term without RC in case of pCR achieved after TUR and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Risk Factors for Severe Eczema in Children: Findings from a National Web-Based Survey
Authors: Mari Sasaki, Koichi Yoshida, Yuichi Adachi, Mayumi Furukawa, Toshiko Itazawa, Hiroshi Odajima, Hirohisa Saito, Akira Akasawa
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
ABL gene amplification is associated with renal medullary carcinoma
Authors: L. Simpson, R. Bergan, X. He, M. Pins, E. Perlman, S. Campbell, X. Huang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

4549 Background: Renal Medullary Carcinoma (RMC) is an aggressive cancer that develops in young African Americans who have the Sickle Cell Trait, causing death within weeks. One report describes the presence of BCR-ABL translocation in RMC. BCR-ABL translocation causes ABL kinase to be activated. Inhibition of activated ABL kinase activity by STI-571 has led to clinical responses in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Herein is provided three new case reports, a review of all reported cases, and an expanded analysis of BCR-ABL in RMC. Methods: Papers resulting from a Medline search of the English literature for all case reports of RMC were reviewed through July 2003, and individual case data collected on demographics, stage, treatment, and outcomes. Three new case reports are presented. Tissue from three patients was analyzed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for the presence of BCR-ABL translocation. Results: Data were available from 92 separate cases. The mean and median age at diagnosis was 19 and 21 years, respectively. The male to female ratio was 1.9:1.0, overall, 1.9:1.0 for the 10–19 year old cohort, and 1.0:1.0 for the 30–39 year old cohort. Cases were overwhelmingly African American (91%), only 1 % were Caucasian. Sickle cell trait was present in 85%, Sickle cell disease in 4% (2 cases), SC disease in 9% (four cases), and negative in 2% (one case). At presentation, 45% had hematuria, 46% had abdominal pain, and 97% had metastatic disease. Response to chemotherapy was poor. Two patients (4%) without metastasis were long-term survivors. Overall, mean survival was 18 weeks. ABL was amplified in 3 of 3 cases evaluated, and by 1.9 ± 0.1 (mean ± S.E.M.) fold on average. No evidence of BCR-ABL translocation was detected. Conclusions: RMC is an aggressive disease, which is typically diagnosed when metastatic in young individuals who have sickle cell trait, is not responsive to systemic therapy, and rapidly causes death. As cure appears possible with early diagnosis, increased awareness of the disease could make an impact. The role of ABL amplification with respect to etiology and as a therapeutic target should be investigated further. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
X-Ray Diagnosis of Gastric Melanoma
Authors: E. James Potchen, Christiaan L. Khung, Masao Yatsuhashi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE stomach, although rarely the seat of metastatic disease, is frequently involved in malignant melanoma. These hematogenous metastases present a characteristic roentgenologic picture, which has been described as a "bull's-eye" or "target sign."1,2 The early recognition of this lesion should help establish the diagnosis of dissemination before radical local excision and in the follow-up care of patients who have had surgical excision of either dermal or ocular melanomas. It should also be useful in determining response or progression in patients who are being treated with chemotherapy.Case ReportsCase 1. A.M., a 76-year-old man, was admitted to the hospital with . . .
A Survey of Recent Therapeutic Measures in Cirrhosis of the Liver
Authors: Thomas C. Chalmers, Charles S. Davidson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

ELEVEN years have elapsed since Patek1 first reported the effectiveness of a nutritious diet in the treatment of cirrhosis of the liver. On the basis of the rapidly accumulating evidence that cirrhosis can be produced in animals on a low-protein diet and prevented by the addition of certain food factors,2 3 4 5 a nutritious diet accompanied by abstinence, when there is a history of alcohol addiction, is now the accepted method of treatment. In this communication consideration is given to certain practical aspects of the dietary treatment of cirrhosis, particularly the quantity of fat allowed, the place of vitamin and specific amino . . .
Failure of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia to Cause Fasting Hyperglycemia in Patients with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: K M Tordjman, C E Havlin, L A Levandoski, N H White, J V Santiago, P E Cryer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

To test the hypothesis that nocturnal hypoglycemia causes fasting hyperglycemia (the Somogyi phenomenon) in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, we studied 10 patients, who were on their usual therapeutic regimens, from 10 p.m. through 8 a.m. on three nights. On the first night, only a control procedure was performed (blood sampling only); on the second night, hypoglycemia was prevented (by intravenous glucose infusion, if necessary, to keep plasma glucose levels above 100 mg per deciliter [5.6 mmol per liter]); and on the third night, hypoglycemia was induced (by stepped intravenous insulin infusions between midnight and 4 a.m. to keep plasma glucose levels below 50 mg per deciliter [2.8 mmol per liter]). After nocturnal hypoglycemia was induced (36±2 mg per deciliter [2.0±0.1 mmol per liter] [mean ±SE] from 2 to 4:30 a.m.), 8 a.m. plasma glucose concentrations (113±18 mg per deciliter [6.3±1.0 mmol per liter]) were not higher than values obtained after hypoglycemia was prevented (182±14 mg per deciliter [10.1 ±0.8 mmol per liter]) or those obtained after blood sampling only (149±20 mg per deciliter [8.3±1.1 mmol per liter]). Indeed, regression analysis of data obtained on the control night indicated that the 8 a.m. plasma glucose concentration was directly related to the nocturnal glucose nadir (r = 0.761, P = 0.011). None of the patients was awakened by hypoglycemia. Scores for symptoms of hypoglycemia, which were determined at 8 a.m., did not differ significantly among the three studies. We conclude that asymptomatic nocturnal hypoglycemia does not appear to cause clinically important fasting hyperglycemia in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus on their usual therapeutic regimens. (N Engl J Med 1987; 317:1552–9.)