tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Oropharyngeal Cancer Among Elderly Patients in the United States
Authors: Zachary S. Zumsteg, Galen Cook-Wiens, Emi Yoshida, Stephen L. Shiao, Nancy Y. Lee, Alain Mita, Christie Jeon, Marc T. Goodman, Allen S. Ho
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

An escalating incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has been reported predominantly among middle-aged adults. However, HPV infection is believed to occur many years before cancer develops, and tissue studies suggest that HPV DNA is found in the majority of OPSCC diagnosed in patients 65 years or older.To update the trends in OPSCC incidence using US cancer registry data, with an emphasis on age-specific trends.Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2000-2012) were queried to compare changes in incidence and survival trends in OPSCC with selected tobacco-related cancers (larynx, oral cavity, hypopharynx, lung) and an HPV-related cancer (anus). A total of 40 264 patients who received a diagnosis of OPSCC from 2000 to 2012 were included. Elderly patients were defined as those 65 years or older.The annual percentage change in OPSCC incidence from 2000 to 2012, stratified according to age group.Among the 40 264 patients who received a diagnosis of OPSCC from 2000 to 2012, 13 313 (33.1%) were aged 65 years or older and 80.3% were male. Significant increases in the age-adjusted incidence of OPSCC were observed during the study period for both younger adults aged 45 to 64 years (annual percentage change [APC], 2.31; 95% CI, 1.76-2.86; P < .001) and patients 65 years or older (APC, 2.92; 95% CI, 2.32-3.51; P < .001). These changes were driven predominantly by base-of-tongue and tonsil cancers in men. Concomitantly, the incidence of tobacco-associated head and neck cancers decreased for elderly patients (larynx: APC, -1.54; 95% CI, -2.00 to -1.08; P < .001; oral cavity: APC, -1.23; 95% CI, -1.84 to -0.62; P = .001; hypopharynx: APC, -2.44; 95% CI, -3.01 to -1.86; P < .001), whereas the incidence of anal cancer significantly increased (APC, 4.42; 95% CI, 3.28 to 5.57; P < .001). Furthermore, improved overall and cause-specific survival over time were observed for both younger and elderly patients with OPSCC. Nevertheless, absolute cause-specific survival remained worse for elderly patients (3-year CSS, 60.8%; 95% CI, 59.6%-61.9%) in comparison with those aged 45 to 64 years (75.7%; 95% CI, 75.1%-76.4%; P < .001).The incidence of OPSCC is increasing among elderly patients in the United States, likely driven by HPV-associated cancers. Given the unique challenges related to treating elderly patients with OPSCC, their limited enrollment in clinical trials, and the aging US population, clinical studies investigating improved therapeutic strategies for elderly patients with HPV-positive OPSCC should be performed.
Clinical and prognostic features of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.
Authors: Zaida Morante, Henry Gomez, Joseph A. Pinto, Claudio J Flores, Carlos Manuel Morante Deza, Luis Cano, Luis Taxa, Silvia P. Neciosup, Jhajaira Araujo, Luís Más
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e15631 Background: The Chromophobe subtype represents the 5% of all Renal Cell Carcinomas. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and prognostic features of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma (ChRCC), in a cohort of Peruvian patients. Methods: We reviewed retrospectively a database of 2232 patients diagnosed with Kidney Cancer at INEN (period 2000-2012), from which 33 cases were ChRCC. Based on the 7th edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, a pathological restaging was done. Overall Survival (OS) and Disease Free Survival (DFS) time was estimated with the Kaplan- Meier method and comparisons were done using the log-rank test or Breslow tests. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The median age was 55 years (range: 17-82 years), 57.6% were > 50 years; 84.9% were female and 15.1% male. In regard to the functional status, 90.9% were ECOG 1. The median of tumor size was 10 cm (range: 2.3-17.5 cm); In regard to the pathological T stage, 27.3% were pT1; 66.7%, pT2 and 6%, pT3-4. Regarding to the Fuhrman nuclear grade, 53.6%, were grade 2; 32.1%, grade 3 and 14.3%, grade 4. In patients with known nodal status (n = 18), lymph node involvement was no evident. With a median of follow-up of 5.6 years, 3 recurrences (mediastinal, retroperitoneal and bone) and 3 deaths were registered. The 5yrs-DFS for all patients was 87.7% (median not reached). 5yrs-DFS for patients ≤ 50 years group was 100%, while in patients > 50 years was 78.6% (p = 0.041). There was no difference in survival when other variables were evaluated. 5yrs-OS was 90.5% (median not reached), no differences were found when patients were stratified according evaluated variables. Conclusions: We describe a favorable prognosis in ChRCC patients. Patients aged > 50 years had a worse prognosis.
A Comparison of Minimal Residual Disease Detection Among ASO-PCR, Dd-PCR and Deep-Sequencing in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Who Underwent Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Rachel K Wee, Hiroyuki Takamatsu, Ryoichi Murata, Jianbiao Zheng, Martin Moorhead, Naoki Takezako, Shigeki Ito, Toshihiro Miyamoto, Kenji Yokoyama, Kosei Matsue, Tsutomu Sato, Toshiro Kurokawa, Hideo Yagi, Yasushi Terasaki, Kinya Ohata, Takashi Yoshida, Malek Faham, Shinji Nakao
Journal: Blood (2015)
Molecular quantification of bacteria from respiratory samples in patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: M. Clavel, O. Barraud, V. Moucadel, F. Meynier, E. Karam, M.-C. Ploy, B. François, N. Pichon, P. Vignon, R. Droual, C. Duchiron, J. Vignaud, D. Chainier, M. Mattei, A. Sommabere, E. Mercier, C. Le Brun, A. Desachy, C. Garandeau, M. Rodrigue, M. Lacroix, S. Prudent, M.-A. Jestin, J. Yugueros-Marcos
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2016)
Does progesterone protect from chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy? A retrospective audit of breast cancer patients.
Authors: Aruna Laxman Prabhu, Akshita Singh, Rucha Vishal Kaushik, Nita S. Nair, Rohini W Hawaldar, Vaibhav Vanmali, Vani Parmar, Sudeep Gupta, Rajendra A. Badwe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e11552 Background: Paclitaxel is an integral component of chemotherapy for breast cancer but its benefit comes at the risk of peripheral neuropathy. There are experimental models of peripheral nerve injury in which progesterone is protective, possibly through remyelination and other mechanisms. Methods: We evaluated the effect of menopausal status, as a surrogate for circulating progesterone levels, on the risk of developing paclitaxel induced peripheral neuropathy, in a retrospective audit of breast cancer patients. Patients who had received paclitaxel chemotherapy for breast cancer were characterized as having CIPN or not by clinical history/examination. Results: 256 women treated with paclitaxel at our institution were assessed for CIPN. Of these 133(52%) were premenopausal and 123(48%) postmenopausal at diagnosis. 22(8.6%) had preexisting diabetes mellitus. Of the 133 premenopausal women 97(72.9%) developed chemotherapy induced amenorrhea (CIA). The incidence of CIPN was 23.1% in persistently premenopausal patients 47.4% in patients with CIA and 57.7% in postmenopausal patients. In patients with DM 81.8% had CIPN. In a multivariate logistic regression model, increasing age (continuous variable RR=1.04 95%CI 1.02-1.08 p=0.001) DM (RR=4.39 95% CI 1.42-13.38 p=0.01) and postmenopausal/CIA status (RR=2.48 95% CI 1.05-5.88 p=0.03) were risk factors for CIPN. Because patients developed CIA at variable times and circulating progesterone levels at the time of neurotoxin insult maybe variable in them such patients were excluded in the second model, which included only patients with continuing menses (n=36) and postmenopausal at diagnosis (n=123). In the latter model postmenopausal status (RR=3.5 95%CI 1.18-10.39 p=0.02) and DM (RR=6.8 95%CI 1.44-31.82 p=0.01) were associated with CIPN but increasing age (RR=1.03 95% CI 0.98-1.07 p=0.21) was not. Conclusions: These results suggest a neuroprotective effect of premenopausal status, possibly related to higher circulating levels of progesterone. We hypothesize that progesterone administration prior to taxane chemotherapy may protect against CIPN. This will be tested in a RCT.
Efficacy of Quetiapine Monotherapy in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Gerardo Villarreal, Mark B. Hamner, José M. Cañive, Sophie Robert, Lawrence A. Calais, Valerie Durklaski, Yusheng Zhai, Clifford Qualls
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2016)

Objective: This was a 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of quetiapine monotherapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method: Eighty patients were randomly assigned to treatment with either quetiapine or placebo. The primary outcome measure was the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). Secondary efficacy measures included the CAPS subscales, the Davidson Trauma Scale, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scales for severity of Illness and improvement, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Safety measurements included adverse events, vital signs, the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale, the Barnes Akathisia Scale, the Simpson-Angus Scale, and the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale. Results: After a 1-week placebo run-in, quetiapine was started at a daily dosage of 25 mg and increased to a maximum of 800 mg; the average was 258 mg (range, 50–800 mg). Reductions in CAPS total, re-experiencing, and hyperarousal scores were significantly greater for the quetiapine group than for the placebo group. Greater improvements were also observed for quetiapine in scores on the Davidson Trauma Scale, CGI severity and improvement ratings, PANSS positive symptom and general psychopathology subscales, HAM-A, and HAM-D than for placebo. Adverse events were generally mild and expected based on prior studies of quetiapine in this and other patient population. There were no differences in safety measures between groups. Conclusion: Quetiapine monotherapy was efficacious in the treatment of PTSD. These findings suggest quetiapine as a single agent is effective in treating military PTSD.
2-Cyanopyridines as novel VEGFR-2 / VEGFR-3 inhibitors. Part 2. Inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis by a cyanopyridine
Authors: Lila Adnane, William J. Scott, Paul Adams, Volkhart Li, Scott M. Wilhelm, Gloria Hofilena, Marina Ichetovkin, Lori Lantz, Andrew Lyga, Dean Wilkie, Stephen Noell, Yichen Cao, Wendy Lee, Brian Raudenbush, Christopher Carter, Pamela A. Trail, Cathy Bull
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

3769 

Therapies aimed at inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are expected to deprive malignant tissues of their oxygen and nutrient supplies, and to also prevent tumors from eliminating metabolic wastes. This, in turn, would inhibit the tumor growth and metastatic progression that accompanies most advanced cancers. High throughput screening followed by lead optimization led to the development of a diaryl urea containing a distal 2-cyanopyridine as the program lead. This lead compound possesses potent activity against both VEGFR3 and VEGFR2 but no activity against c-ErbB1/2, FLT3, FGFR1, LCK and many other kinases. Several in vivo studies were carried out to determine the effect of the lead compound on tumor growth and metastasis. In an MDA-MB-231 breast tumor model, the cyanopyridine inhibited tumor growth by 85% when dosed once a day for 9 days at 10 mg/kg (mpk). In a separate study using the MDA-MB-231 model, dosing was stopped after 9 days and tumor growth was monitored for 55 days. A growth delay of 36 days was observed, along with 4 of 10 tumors achieving complete regression and 5 of 10 achieving partial regression. Moreover, several intermittent dosing-schedules were tested in the MDA-MB-231 model. When dosed orally at 30 mpk every other day (Q2Dx5), every third day (Q3Dx4) or every fourth day (Q4Dx3), the cyanopyridine inhibited tumor growth by 96%, 82% and 73%, respectively. The lead compound proved active in a variety of models of tumor growth. When dosed at 30 mpk, the cyanopyridine inhibited tumor growth by 78% in a LOX melanoma model, by 86% in a 22RV-1 prostate model, and by 78% in a Colo205 colon model. In an HCT-15 colon model (MDR) and an H460 NSCLC model, the lead compound inhibited tumor growth by 67% and 42%, respectively, when dosed daily at 10 mpk. CD-31 and α-smooth muscle actin levels in tumors from the MDA-MB-231 model were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, showing a strong decrease in tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, the effect of the compound on cancer cell metastasis was assessed in an MDA-MB-435 orthotopic model. Eight weeks after tumor implantation in the fat pad, the compound was dosed daily for 21 days. Lung examination by histology (H&E) revealed numerous foci in lungs of control groups, but no foci were observed in lungs of the compound-treated group. Similar results were obtained in a LOX melanoma model in which real-time PCR was used to detect lung and lymph node micro-metastases. Overall, these results show the ability of the lead compound to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in multiple subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models.
Efficacy of neoadjuvant carboplatin/docetaxel chemotherapy in sporadic and <i>BRCA</i>-associated triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
Authors: Priyanka Sharma, Shane R. Stecklein, Bruce F. Kimler, Qamar J. Khan, Carol Sue Connor, Marilee McGinness, Joshua Mammen, Jamie Lynn Wagner, Roy A. Jensen, Andrew K. Godwin, Carol J. Fabian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

1022 Background: Recent studies demonstrate that addition of carboplatin to anthracycline/taxane chemotherapy improves pathological complete response (pCR) in TNBC. In vitro data exhibits synergy between platinum compunds and taxanes in TNBC. Efficacy of anthracycline-devoid neoadjuvant platinum/taxane combination in sporadic and BRCA-associated TNBC is not well known. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant Carboplatin/Docetaxel in sporadic and BRCA-associated TNBC utilizing clinical and BRCA mutation data from a prospective registry. Methods: 205 patients with stage I (T>1cm) II or III TNBC were enrolled in a prospective multisite registry between 2011-2013, out of which 42 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen of Carboplatin AUC 6 + Docetaxel 75 mg/m2every 21 D (4-6 cycles). Following neoadjuvant therapy, all patients underwent breast surgery. pCR (no evidence of invasive tumor in the breast and axilla) and Residual Cancer Burden(RCB) was evaluated. RCB of 0 or1 was designated as near pCR (pCRn). All patients underwent comprehensive BRACAnalysis (Myriad). Results: For the 42 eligible patients, median age was 51 years (range 27-80), 19%: African-American and 57%: postmenopausal. Median tumor size was 3 cm and 33% LN positive. 90% of patients received 6 and 10% received 4 cycles of chemotherapy. The overall pCR and pCRn rates were 62% and 74%, respectively. 33% (14/42) of patients carried deleterious BRCA mutation (11 BRCA1, 3 BRCA2). For BRCAmutation carriers, both pCR and pCRn rates were 86%(12/14). For sporadic TNBC (N=28), pCR and pCRn rates were 50% and 68%, respectively. Tumor size, LN status, age and number of cycles of chemotherapy did not impact pCR rate. pCR was higher in BRCA mutation carriers compared to sporadic TNBC (p=0.04). Conclusions: We report very encouraging near pathologic response in both sporadic (68%) and BRCA-associated (86%)TNBC with a neoadjuvant platinum/taxane chemotherapy regimen. This Carboplatin/Docetaxel combination yielded pCR rates similar to observed rates with A/C plus Carboplatin however, is devoid of potential cardiac and secondary leukemia side effects and should be explored further in randomized studies.
We only have our body
Authors: Carol Snyder Halberstadt
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Successful pediatric endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Amy Tyberg, Melissa Rose, Aliza Solomon, Anna Nam, Michel Kahaleh
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a minimally invasive option for the removal of submucosal lesions in the gastrointestinal tract [1] [2]. ESD allows en bloc resection to be performed with the added ability to ensure adequate circumferential resection margins.
Moulting Ducks
Authors: Carrie A. Butt
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
As Walking Movement Grows, Neighborhood Walkability Gains Attention
Authors: Jennifer Abbasi
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Case 49-1975
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, John T. Harrington, Robert T. McCluskey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Presentation of CaseA 39-year-old man, a resident of Guatemala, was admitted to the hospital because of a question of bacterial endocarditis.He was well until five and a half weeks previously, when symptoms of an upper-respiratory-tract infection developed. A physician prescribed isoprinosine. Four days later a scarlatiniform rash appeared, and the temperature rose to 39.9°C. A throat culture yielded a growth of "hemolytic streptococcus" and Staphylococcus aureus. Erythromycin was begun, with improvement in the rash and fever. Several days later fever recurred, and examination disclosed rales at both lung bases. An x-ray film of the chest showed an . . .
Routine preoperative tests for elective surgery: summary of updated NICE guidance
Authors: Frank O’Neill, Eleanor Carter, Natalie Pink, Ian Smith
Journal: BMJ (2016)

#### What you need to know Routine preoperative investigations are expensive, labour intensive, and of questionable value, especially as they may contribute to morbidity or cause additional delays due to spurious results.1 2 3 4 5 Preoperative assessment clinics are usually based in the hospital where surgery will occur and are run according to local policies and procedures. The number of elective surgeries within the NHS has risen: 10.6 million operations took place in 2012-13 compared with 6.61 million in 2002-03. Even if only a small percentage of tests are unnecessary, large numbers of patients will be affected. Elective surgeries are those scheduled in advance and excludes medical emergencies. The guidance covers patients over 16 years old. It includes healthy people and those who have one or more of the following comorbidities—cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, diabetes, and obesity—who are having minor, intermediate, or major or complex elective surgery (box 1). Individuals are classified by the severity of disease using the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification system (box 2), and extent of surgery to guide testing. #### Box 1: Surgery grades and examples ##### Minor ##### Intermediate ##### Major or complex
Administration of Dexamethasone during Initial Exposure to Factor VIII Prevents the Development of Anti-Factor VIII Antibodies and Increases the Proportion of Thymic but Not Splenic Regulatory T Cells in the Exon 16 Knockout C57Bl6 Hemophilia Α Mouse Model
Authors: Maria T. Georgescu, Paul C. Moorehead, Kate Sponagle, Birgit M. Reipert, Christine Hough, David Lillicrap
Journal: Blood (2014)