tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Particulate Air Pollution, Exceptional Aging, and Rates of Centenarians: A Nationwide Analysis of the United States, 1980–2010
Authors: Andrea A. Baccarelli, Nick Hales, Richard T. Burnett, Michael Jerrett, Carter Mix, Douglas W. Dockery, C. Arden Pope
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Exceptional aging, defined as reaching age 85 years, shows geographic inequalities that may depend on local environmental conditions. Links between particulate pollution-a well-recognized environmental risk factor-and exceptional aging have not been investigated.
CD44 alternative splicing in gastric cancer cells is regulated by culture dimensionality and matrix stiffness
Authors: Cristiana Branco da Cunha, Darinka D. Klumpers, Sandeep T. Koshy, James C. Weaver, Ovijit Chaudhuri, Raquel Seruca, Fátima Carneiro, Pedro L. Granja, David J. Mooney
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)
The novel alkylator bendamustine HCl is active in both rituximab-refractory and rituximab-sensitive relapsed indolent NHL with acceptable toxicity
Authors: P. Cohen, B. Cheson, J. Friedberg, K. S. Robinson, J. Foran, L. Fayad, A. Tulpule, A. Bessudo, R. van der Jagt, M. S. Suster, P. S. Multani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

6564 Background: Treanda (bendamustine HCl) (T), a novel DNA-alkylating cytotoxic agent, has been shown to be active in vitro against a variety of alkylator-resistant cell lines. Moreover, T in combination with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (R), enhances tumor growth inhibition in Daudi lymphoma xenograft models. We have extended these observations through 2 Phase II multi-center clinical trials (SDX-105–01 and SDX-105–02). Methods: The SDX-105–01 trial enrolled patients (pts) with relapsed indolent or transformed B-cell NHL who were refractory to R (no response or progression within 6 months). Pts received T, 120 mg/m2 IV over 30–60 min. D1–2, every 21 days for 6 cycles. The SDX-105–02 trial enrolled pts with relapsed indolent or mantle cell NHL who were sensitive to R. Pts received R, 375 mg/m2 IV D1 and T 90 mg/m2 IV D2–3, every 28 days for 4–6 cycles. All pts received an additional dose of R 1 week prior to the first cycle of chemotherapy and 4 weeks after the last cycle. Results: 32 pts are evaluable for response in study SDX-105–01 (median of 3.5 prior therapies). The overall response rate (ORR), after a median of 5 cycles of therapy, is 75% with a complete response rate (CR) of 25%. There were no differences in ORR and CR when pts were stratified by response to last R (no response vs. early progression). 13 pts are evaluable for response in study SDX-105–02 (median of 2 prior therapies). The ORR is 77% (23% CR) after a median of 2 cycles (out of a planned 4–6) of therapy. The primary toxicity in both studies has been hematologic. Grade 3/4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 39% and 19% of pts, respectively, in the SDX-105–01 trial and 31% and 8% of pts, respectively, in the SDX-105–02 trial. Non-hematologic toxicities were predominantly Grade 1 or 2. Infection requiring hospitalization occurred in 4 pts and 1 pt, respectively. No alopecia was observed. Conclusions: Treanda with or with out R is well tolerated at the dose and schedule used and demonstrates activity in pts whose NHL is either sensitive or refractory to R, with response rates over 70%. Further accrual and follow-up is needed to confirm these findings and determine durability of responses. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Salmedix Salmedix Salmedix
Neither Hematocrit Normalization nor Exercise Training Restores Oxygen Consumption to Normal Levels in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: James Stray-Gundersen, Erin J. Howden, Dora Beth Parsons, Jeffrey R. Thompson
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2016)

Patients treated with hemodialysis develop severely reduced functional capacity, which can be partially ameliorated by correcting anemia and through exercise training. In this study, we determined perturbations of an erythroid-stimulating agent and exercise training to examine if and where limitation to oxygen transport exists in patients on hemodialysis. Twenty-seven patients on hemodialysis completed a crossover study consisting of two exercise training phases at two hematocrit (Hct) values: 30% (anemic) and 42% (physiologic; normalized by treatment with erythroid-stimulating agent). To determine primary outcome measures of peak power and oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) and secondary measures related to components of oxygen transport and utilization, all patients underwent numerous tests at five time points: baseline, untrained at Hct of 30%, after training at Hct of 30%, untrained at Hct of 42%, and after training at Hct of 42%. Hct normalization, exercise training, or the combination thereof significantly improved peak power and VO 2 relative to values in the untrained anemic phase. Hct normalization increased peak arterial oxygen and arteriovenous oxygen difference, whereas exercise training improved cardiac output, citrate synthase activity, and peak tissue diffusing capacity. However, although the increase in arterial oxygen observed in the combination phase reached a value similar to that in healthy sedentary controls, the increase in peak arteriovenous oxygen difference did not. Muscle biopsy specimens showed markedly thickened endothelium and electron–dense interstitial deposits. In conclusion, exercise and Hct normalization had positive effects but failed to normalize exercise capacity in patients on hemodialysis. This effect may be caused by abnormalities identified within skeletal muscle.
Cancer risk in patients with spondyloarthritis treated with TNF inhibitors: a collaborative study from the ARTIS and DANBIO registers
Authors: Karin Hellgren, Lene Dreyer, Elizabeth V Arkema, Bente Glintborg, Lennart T H Jacobsson, Lars-Erik Kristensen, Nils Feltelius, Merete Lund Hetland, Johan Askling
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

Safety data on cancer risks following tumour necrosis factor α inhibitors (TNFi) in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) (here defined as ankylosing spondylitis (AS), undifferentiated spondarthropaties (SpA UNS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA)) are scarce. Our objective was to assess risks for cancer overall and for common subtypes in patients with SpA treated with TNFi compared with TNFi-naïve patients with SpA and to the general population.From the Swedish (Anti-Rheumatic Therapy in Sweden (ARTIS)) and Danish (DANBIO) biologics registers, we assembled 8703 (ARTIS=5448, DANBIO=3255) patients with SpA initiating a first TNFi 2001-2011. From the Swedish National Patient and Population Registers we assembled a TNFi-naïve SpA cohort (n=28,164) and a Swedish age-matched and sex-matched general population comparator cohort (n=131 687). We identified incident cancers by linkage with the nationwide Swedish and Danish Cancer Registers 2001-2011, and calculated age-standardised and sex-standardised incidence ratios as measures of relative risk (RR).Based on 1188 cancers among the TNFi-naïve patients with SpA, RR of cancer overall was 1.1 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.2). Based on 147 cancers among TNFi initiators with SpA, RR versus TNFi-naïve was 0.8 (95% CI 0.7 to 1.0) and results were similar for AS and PsA when analysed separately. Site-specific cancer RRs: prostate 0.5 (95% CI 0.3 to 0.8), lung 0.6 (95% CI 0.3 to 1.3), colorectal 1.0 (95% CI 0.5 to 2.0), breast 1.3 (95% CI 0.9 to 2.0), lymphoma 0.8 (95% CI 0.4 to 1.8) and melanoma 1.4 (95% CI 0.7 to 2.6).In patients with SpA, treatment with TNFi was not associated with increased risks of cancer, neither overall nor for the six most common cancer types.
Modeling and Prediction of Oyster Norovirus Outbreaks along Gulf of Mexico Coast
Authors: Jiao Wang, Zhiqiang Deng
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Oyster norovirus outbreaks often pose high risks to human health. However, little is known about environmental factors controlling the outbreaks, and little can be done to prevent the outbreaks because they are generally considered to be unpredictable.We sought to develop a mathematical model for predicting risks of oyster norovirus outbreaks using environmental predictors.We developed a novel probability-based Artificial Neural Network model, called NORF model, using 21 years of environmental and norovirus outbreak data collected from Louisiana oyster harvesting areas along the Gulf of Mexico coast, USA. The NORF model involves six input variables that were selected through stepwise regression analysis and sensitivity analysis.We found that the model-based probability of norovirus outbreaks was most sensitive to gage height (the depth of water in an oyster bed) and water temperature, followed by wind, rainfall, and salinity, respectively. The NORF model predicted all historical oyster norovirus outbreaks from 1994 through 2014. Specifically, norovirus outbreaks occurred when the NORF model probability estimate was > 0.6, whereas no outbreaks occurred when the estimated probability was < 0.5. Outbreaks may also occur when the estimated probability is 0.5-0.6.Our findings require further confirmation, but they suggest that oyster norovirus outbreaks may be predictable using the NORF model. The ability to predict oyster norovirus outbreaks at their onset may make it possible to prevent or at least reduce the risk of norovirus outbreaks by closing potentially affected oyster beds.Wang J, Deng Z. 2016. Modeling and prediction of oyster norovirus outbreaks along Gulf of Mexico coast. Environ Health Perspect 124:627-633; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509764.
GPs face charges of manslaughter over boy’s death from Addison’s disease
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Two GPs are on trial for manslaughter for failing to visit or summon an ambulance to a 12 year old boy who died from Addison’s disease.

Joanne Rudling, 46, and Lindsey Thomas, 42, could have saved Ryan Morse’s life if they had acted in response to phone calls from his mother, Cardiff Crown Court was told at the trial opening.

Ryan died at home on 8 December 2012. Both doctors, who worked at Abernant surgery, …
P-156 Biliary drainage in patients with extrahepatic bile ducts cancer and obstructive jaundice
Authors: V. Stoyanov, D. Dardanov, A. Yonkov, D. Bulanov, S. Bonev, E. Arabadzhieva, R. Todorov, S.N. Katibova, L. Simonova, H. Penchev, E. Tosheva, I. Taneva, V. Dimitrova
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Frequent use of household cleaning products is associated with rhinitis in Chinese children
Authors: Xudong Liu, Xiang Qian Lao, Claudie Chiu-Yi Wong, Lixing Tan, Zilong Zhang, Tze Wai Wong, Lap-ah Tse, Arthur P.S. Lau, Ignatius T.S. Yu
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)

Despite the popular use of household cleaning products worldwide, there is no published study investigating the health effects of these products on rhinitis in children.We sought to investigate the household use of cleaning products and rhinitis patterns in Chinese children.A total of 2299 children were recruited from 21 primary schools with wide geographic coverage in Hong Kong. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by parents/guardians to collect detailed information on respiratory symptoms and household use of 14 types of chemical cleaning products, as well as clean water. Students were categorized into 4 mutually exclusive rhinitis patterns (never, occasional, frequent, and persistent). The total chemical burden (TCB) score was used as the exposure indicator by calculating the total time of exposure to the 14 cleaning products. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between rhinitis patterns and the use of household cleaning products.Every 10-unit increment of TCB score was associated with an increase in the odds of occasional (odds ratio [OR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.05-1.41), frequent (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.13-1.60), and persistent (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.01-1.56) rhinitis after adjustment for a wide range of potential confounders. Compared with the children within the lowest tertile of TCB scores, the adjusted ORs of occasional, frequent, and persistent rhinitis in children within the highest tertile were 1.29 (95% CI, 1.01-1.65), 1.97 (95% CI, 1.40-2.76), and 1.67 (95% CI, 1.10-2.54), respectively.Frequent use of chemical cleaning products at home is associated with an increase in the odds of rhinitis in Chinese primary school children.
Postacute Care After Major Abdominal Surgery in Elderly Patients
Authors: Courtney J. Balentine, Aanand D. Naik, David H. Berger, Herbert Chen, Daniel A. Anaya, Gregory D. Kennedy
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

Advanced age is an important risk factor for discharge to postacute care (PAC) facilities including skilled nursing and rehabilitation. Factors modifying the age-related risk of discharge to PAC have not been adequately examined for surgical patients.To evaluate how preoperative functional status and postoperative complications affect age-related risk of discharge to PAC facilities following major abdominal surgery.Retrospective cohort study of 55 238 patients aged 18 years or older having colorectal, pancreas, or liver operations in 2011 and 2012 at hospitals participating in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Age was classified as younger than 65 years, 65 to 74 years, 75 to 84 years, and 85 years or older. The study was conducted between July 1, 2014, and July 1, 2015.The primary outcome was discharge to a PAC facility following surgery. The secondary outcome was type of PAC facility (skilled nursing, rehabilitation, or other facility).Among 55 238 patients (mean [SD] age, 61 [15] years; 49% male) having colorectal, pancreas, or liver operations, 5325 (10%) were discharged to PAC facilities after major abdominal surgery. Skilled nursing facilities were the most common type of PAC (63%), followed by rehabilitation hospitals (30%) and other facilities (7%). Older age was an important predictor of discharge to PAC facilities, but there were significant interaction effects with age and postoperative complications. Among functionally independent patients who avoided postoperative complications, rates of discharge to PAC increased from 1% in the group younger than 65 years to 30% in the group aged 85 years or older. For functionally independent patients with multiple complications, 13% of patients younger than 65 years were discharged to PAC facilities compared with 66% of those aged 85 years or older. After risk adjustment, the oldest patients were 27 times more likely to be discharged to PAC than the youngest group when there were no postoperative complications (odds ratio = 26.6; 95% CI, 21.6-32.7) and 11 times more likely after multiple complications (odds ratio = 11.4; 95% CI, 8.3-15.6). Among functionally dependent patients, the overall risk of discharge to PAC facilities was increased, but age was not as important a predictor for discharge to PAC.Older patients are frequently discharged to PAC facilities even when they are functionally independent and without postoperative complications. Helping older patients to return home after surgery and avoid placement in PAC facilities will require innovative programs that go beyond reducing complication rates and enhance postoperative recovery.
Further Analysis of Cancer Mortality Patterns Among Workers Exposed to Cutting Oil Mists&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: P Decoufle
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Workers exposed to cutting oil mists at a single U.S. plant were followed to determine if they experienced unusual death rates for specific cancer sites, which would be indicative of a carcinogenic potential for some or all of the oils used. The study group consisted of 2,485 white males who were employed between 1938 and 1967 and had 5 or more years' employment in jobs exposing them to varying levels of cutting oil mists anytime prior to 1968; 1.137 of these men were engaged in a wide range of metal machining processes that entailed longterm heavy exposure to the mists. Cause-specific mortality patterns among the workers during 1938–67 were compared to death rates in the total U.S. white male population. The usual deficits were seen in mortality for most major disease categories, although total cancer deaths were very close to expectation. Analysis of mortality for each of 15 cancer site categories showed no significant differences between observed and expected deaths for almost all comparisons. However, a twofold risk of cancers of the stomach and large Intestine (combined) was seen after 20 years of follow-up In the subgroup of men with 5 or more years' exposure to cutting oil mists prior to 1938. Deaths from nonmalignant respiratory disease were significantly less than expected. These results suggested that occupational exposure to soluble and nonsoluble cutting oil mists during various metal machining processes does not pose a health hazard in terms of respiratory cancer and fatal nonmalignant respiratory disease but may be associated with certain forms of gastrointestinal cancer.
Accuracy of the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Equation in a Large Contemporary, Multiethnic Population
Authors: Jamal S. Rana, Grace H. Tabada, Matthew D. Solomon, Joan C. Lo, Marc G. Jaffe, Sue Hee Sung, Christie M. Ballantyne, Alan S. Go
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)

The accuracy of the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Pooled Cohort Risk Equation for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events in contemporary and ethnically diverse populations is not well understood.The goal of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the 2013 ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Risk Equation within a large, multiethnic population in clinical care.The target population for consideration of cholesterol-lowering therapy in a large, integrated health care delivery system population was identified in 2008 and followed up through 2013. The main analyses excluded those with known ASCVD, diabetes mellitus, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels <70 or ≥190 mg/dl, prior lipid-lowering therapy use, or incomplete 5-year follow-up. Patient characteristics were obtained from electronic medical records, and ASCVD events were ascertained by using validated algorithms for hospitalization databases and death certificates. We compared predicted versus observed 5-year ASCVD risk, overall and according to sex and race/ethnicity. We additionally examined predicted versus observed risk in patients with diabetes mellitus.Among 307,591 eligible adults without diabetes between 40 and 75 years of age, 22,283 were black, 52,917 were Asian/Pacific Islander, and 18,745 were Hispanic. We observed 2,061 ASCVD events during 1,515,142 person-years. In each 5-year predicted ASCVD risk category, observed 5-year ASCVD risk was substantially lower: 0.20% for predicted risk <2.50%; 0.65% for predicted risk 2.50% to <3.75%; 0.90% for predicted risk 3.75% to <5.00%; and 1.85% for predicted risk ≥5.00% (C statistic: 0.74). Similar ASCVD risk overestimation and poor calibration with moderate discrimination (C statistic: 0.68 to 0.74) were observed in sex, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic status subgroups, and in sensitivity analyses among patients receiving statins for primary prevention. Calibration among 4,242 eligible adults with diabetes was improved, but discrimination was worse (C statistic: 0.64).In a large, contemporary "real-world" population, the ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Risk Equation substantially overestimated actual 5-year risk in adults without diabetes, overall and across sociodemographic subgroups.
Falls Among Persons Aged ≥65 Years With and Without Severe Vision Impairment — United States, 2014
Authors: John E. Crews, Chiu-Fung Chou, Judy A. Stevens, Jinan B. Saaddine
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

In 2014, an estimated 2.8 million persons aged ≥65 years in the United States reported severe vision impairment* defined as being blind or having severe difficulty seeing, even with eyeglasses. Good vision is important for maintaining balance as well as for identifying low-contrast hazards, estimating distances, and discerning spatial relationships. Conversely, having poor vision increases the risk for falls (1,2). Falls among older adults are common and can cause serious injuries, disabilities, and premature death (1,3). To date, no state-level investigations have examined the annual prevalence of falls among persons with and without severe vision impairment. CDC analyzed data from the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to estimate the state-specific annual prevalence of falls among persons aged ≥65 years with and without self-reported severe vision impairment. Overall, 46.7% of persons with, and 27.7% of older adults without, self-reported severe vision impairment reported having fallen during the previous year. The state-specific annual prevalence of falls among persons aged ≥65 years with severe vision impairment ranged from 30.8% (Hawaii) to 59.1% (California). In contrast, the prevalence of falls among persons aged ≥65 years without severe vision impairment ranged from 20.4% (Hawaii) to 32.4% (Alaska). Developing fall-prevention interventions intended for persons with severe vision impairment will help states manage the impact of vision impairment and falls on health care resources, and can inform state-specific fall prevention initiatives.
Clinical outcome of node-negative (NN) breast cancer (BC) patients
Authors: G. Atalay Basaran, D. Cabuk, F. Dane, M. Teomete, S. Iyikesici, E. Meltem, B. Gulluoglu, H. Kaya, U. Abacıoglu, F. Yumuk, S. Turhal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

11102 Background: Breast cancer patients (pts) with NN disease have diverse clinical outcomes. An optimal treatment decision- making tool has not been defined for this heterogeneous group. Methods: We identified pts with NN disease who have been treated between 1998–2006 in our department. We recorded the clinical/pathological, treatment characteristics and analyzed their survival outcome. High risk (HR) was defined as having at least one of the following features: age&lt;35 yr-old, pts with grade 3 tumors (tms), ER and PR negative tms, tm size &gt;2 cm. Results: Out of 597 early BC pts, 275 pts with NN disease were identified, 190 pts with HR, 85 with low risk (LR) features.The median age was 51 (26–83). The median follow up was 40 months (4–120 months). 47% pts were premenopausal. 31% pts had breast conserving surgery (BCS).58/29% pts had grade 2/3 tms. 34% pts with BCS or T3 tms received adjuvant radiotherapy. All receptor positive pts received adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET). In the HRNN group, 5% pts had tms&gt;5cm, 51/40% pts had grade 2/3 tms, 43% pts had ER/PR negative tms. In the LRNN group 25/74% pts had grade 1/2 tms, no pt had receptor negative tm. 86%/51% pts received adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) in the HR and LRNN groups. 12%/48% pts received adjuvant ET alone in the HR and LRNN groups. 5pt in the HR and 1 pt in the LR group received no adjuvant systemic therapy due to their comorbidities and/or negative receptor status. So far, 14 pts had relapsed (8 from the HR, 6 from the LR group) and 3 pts died due to BC (1 from the HR, 2 from LR group). The 5-yr DFS was %94 in the HR and was %90 in the LR groups. HRNN pts had %98 and LRNN pts had %95 5-yr OS. Conclusion: It seems that prognostic information based merely on clinical/pathological characteristics might not accurately quantify the risk of recurrence and death, so that the decisions about adjuvant chemotherapy in NN breast cancer patients. Prospective evaluation of the performance of the new genomic prognostic tools compared to traditional prognostic factors is needed in order to more clearly define the HR vs LR subsets of NNBC pts. No significant financial relationships to disclose.