tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of antipsychotic medication on speed of information processing in schizophrenic patients
Authors: D L Braff, D P Saccuzzo
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

The authors evaluated the effects of antipsychotic medication and schizophrenia on speed of information processing. Medicated (N - 20) as well as unmedicated (N = 16) schizophrenic patients showed more evidence of slow information processing than did depressed control subjects (N = 20). The medicated schizophrenic patients had higher levels of general psychopathology but also showed superior information processing speed compared with the unmedicated schizophrenic patients. These data confirm that the schizophrenic patients are slow information processors and that antipsychotic medication probably does not cause, and may actually reverse, slowness of information processing in schizophrenic patients.
Conceptual and methodological issues in comparative studies of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, II: Nature and timing of treatment effects
Authors: I Elkin, P A Pilkonis, J P Docherty, S M Sotsky
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

This is the second of two articles on the conceptual and methodological problems involved in comparing the effectiveness of drugs and psychotherapy in the treatment of mental disorders. Part II focuses on differences between psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in the nature of treatment effects and related goals for treatment, differences in the time course of treatment effects, and potential sources of bias in the research setting. In designing comparative studies of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, investigators should address methodological choices explicitly and consider the implications for interpretation of findings.
Early Changes in the Subcutaneous Connective Tissue of Rats After Implantation of Pellets Containing Carcinogenic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: J M VASILIEV
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1959)

Early local connective-tissue reactions around subcutaneously implanted pellets containing different polycyclic hydrocarbons were studied. A number of morphological methods were used, which included preparation of connective-tissue spreads and differential counts of cells in these spreads, vital staining of cells with neutral red, fluorescent-microscopic examination, etc. It was found that noncarcinogenic or weakly carcinogenic hydrocarbons (anthracene and 1,2-benzanthracene) did not cause any significant alterations in the course of reactions that led to encapsulation of paraffin pellets. But, in the presence of strong carcinogens (9,10-dimethyl-l ,2-benzanthracene or methylcholanthrene) these reactions underwent striking changes. Characteristic alterations induced by these substances included: 1) Long-lasting infiltration of the tissue by lymphoid cells; 2) inhibition of the process of differentiation of fibroblasts; 3) accumulation of lipides in the cytoplasm of connective-tissue cells; 4) inhibition of the capsule formation around pellets accompanied by distorted fibrogenesis. In the first weeks “early proliferation” of connective-tissue cells arose at some distance from DMBA-containing pellets. Later, most of this proliferation underwent collagenization. After 3 to 4 months multiple “presarcomatous foci” arose from the cells remaining in the collagenized areas. Possible mechanisms of development of the early changes induced by carcinogens and the role of these changes in carcinogenesis are discussed.
AB0833 Fuctional Significance of Ultrasound Guided Intervention in Patients with Baker's Cyst
Authors: A. Abogamal
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Baker9s cyst (BC) is a distension of a bursa between the gastrocnemius and semimembranosus tendons that has an anatomical communication with the knee joint. direct puncture of the cyst for aspiration and corticosteroid administration are widespread practices and gives a signifcant pain relief and functional improvements. <h3>Objectives</h3> Objective is to evaluate the value of ultrasound guided intervention versus clinically guided aspiration of Bakers cyst on knee function in patients with knee OA <h3>Methods</h3> The study was carried out on 50 patients with the following inclusion criteria: knee osteoarthritis, grade III according to kellgren and Lawrence scale, knee function KOOS scale 50 or less in all scale components and symptomatic Bakers cyst diagnosed clinically and confirmed by ultrasound. Aspiration and corticosteroid triamcinolone 40mg injection of the Bakers cyst done for 25 patients under ultrasound guidance (group I) and in the other 25 patients aspirationand injection done clinically guided (group II). Knee functional status was assessed twice before and after aspiration in both groups using KOOS scale for Pain, other Symptoms, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Sport and Recreation Function (Sport/Rec) and knee-related Quality of Life (QOL). <h3>Results</h3> Comparison of both groups as regards the KOOS scale parameters before aspiration shows no significant difference between both groups. KOOS scale parameters after aspiration was significantly improved in both groups but there was a significantly higher improvements in group one than group two, as t was 8.4 for Pain, 8.3 for Symptom,9.5for ADL, 16.8 for Sport/Rec, and 10.3 for QOL and p&lt;0.01. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Baker9s cyst aspiration and corticosteroid administration appears to be effective method for relieving pain and functional improvement in patients with knee OA, and ultrasound guidance appears to an effective tool to maximise the benefits of this intervention in comparison to clinical guidance. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Reduction of CO2-induced anxiety in patients with panic attacks after repeated CO2 exposure
Authors: M A van den Hout, G M van der Molen, E Griez, H Lousberg, A Nansen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

The authors compared the subjective reaction of 13 panic patients and eight control subjects to a 35% CO2 challenge, a treatment known to produce physical symptoms comparable to those of natural or lactate-induced panic, and to placebo treatment (inhalation of air). They found that patients had higher placebo scores than control subjects, patients tended to get highly anxious on CO2 and control subjects did not, and CO2-induced subjective anxiety in patients decreased as the number of CO2-induced exposures to interoceptive anxiety symptoms increased. The data support a behavioral account of the effects of anxiogenics.
High incidence of human herpesvirus 6 infection with a high viral load in cord blood stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Junji Sashihara, Keiko Tanaka-Taya, Shinya Tanaka, Kiyoko Amo, Hiromi Miyagawa, Gaku Hosoi, Tomokuni Taniguchi, Takafumi Fukui, Naoki Kasuga, Toshiya Aono, Masahiro Sako, Junichi Hara, Koichi Yamanishi, Shintaro Okada
Journal: Blood (2002)
Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: D Biasi, P Caramaschi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Figure 1. An anteroposterior radiograph of the great toes of a 41-year-old man with psoriatic arthritis shows that the toe on the left is normal. On the right there is soft-tissue swelling that is not confined to the distribution of the joint. The interphalangeal joint space is narrowed (asterisk), and there are subchondral cysts (arrowhead) and marginal erosions (thin arrows). There is new periosteal bone formation (thick arrows) and endosteal bone formation (the so-called ivory phalanx). These findings and the asymmetric distribution are typical of psoriatic arthritis.
Nutrition and Physical Fitness
Authors: J K Guggenheim
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment of a benign, anastomotic refractory rectal stricture with an AXIOS stent
Authors: Felipe Martínez Alcalá, Felipe Martínez-Alcalá García, Andres Sánchez-Yague, Alvaro Martínez-Alcalá García, Jose Ciria Avila, Jose Perez Pozo
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

A 49-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, and sigmoid adenocarcinoma underwent a laparoscopic left hemicolectomy. A second surgery was necessary after unsuccessful endoscopic dilation of an anastomotic stricture located 12 cm from the anus.
Directional effects of skin temperature self-regulation on regional cerebral blood flow in normal subjects and migraine patients
Authors: J L Claghorn, R J Mathew, J W Largen, J S Meyer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

Vascular headache of the migraine type is associated with vasomotor changes in cerebral arteries. The authors studied whether skin temperature training (biofeedback) reduces the frequency, severity, and duration of these headaches by measuring the regional cerebral blood flow in 11 migraine patients and 9 normal volunteers using the noninvasive 133Xe inhalation technique. Half of each group was randomly assigned to a hand-warming or a hand-cooling group. Cerebral blood flow increased in several regions of the left hemisphere to a statistically significant degree only for the migraineurs who were in the hand-warming group. The pattern of vasomotor regulation apparently differs between migraine subjects and normal subjects. The migraineurs' headache symptoms were affected by both warming and cooling, but warming produced more salutary effects.
Psychiatric resident dismissal: a national survey of training programs
Authors: H B Roback, M K Crowder
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

The authors report on a nationwide survey of psychiatric residency training directors who responded to a questionnaire designed to elicit information on the magnitude of the problem of unacceptable performance by residents. One hundred six program directors reported on 5,591 internship or residency positions from 1981 to 1985. A total of 184 residents (3.3%) were prematurely terminated or persuaded to resign; departmental deliberations were held on an additional 139 residents (2.5%). Reasons for dismissal and indications during the selection process that a trainee might prove problematic are discussed. A provocative finding was that 37% of terminated residents were accepted into other psychiatry training programs.
FRI0530 Kawasaki Disease Shock Syndrome – A Serious and Atypical Clinical Variant of Kawasaki Disease. Coimbra Series' from 1980 to 2014
Authors: I.R. Luz, L. Quaresma, P. Estanqueiro, L. Carvalho, F. Neves, M. Salgado
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Hemodynamic instability can occur in 7% of patients in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease (KD). This condition, denominated Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS), is characterized by myocardial dysfunction, shock, early coronary involvement, worse response to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), more incomplete presentations and worse prognosis. <h3>Objectives</h3> Determine the prevalence of KDSS in the past 34 years in our tertiary hospital. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective study of PICU charts from children admitted from January 1980 to December 2014. KDSS was defined on the basis of clinical characteristics of KD and hypotension, shock or sepsis. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 7 children (5 males), 3 without KD diagnosis in admission. 2 were under 12 months of age and 4 had ≥5 years. All had fever that lasted at least 5 days; conjunctivitis, changes of lips and oral cavity, changes in extremities and rash were present in 5 cases; cervical lymphadenopathy in 2; incomplete KD in 3. In the acute phase all had leucocytosis with neutrophilia, 5 had thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia and hyponatremia; 5 had congestive heart failure (CHF), 2 acute kidney injury (AKI) (1 needed dialysis), ascites and gallbladder hydrops. Echocardiographic abnormalities: coronary 5 (aneurysm 2), pericardial effusion 4, myocarditis/mitral regurgitation 3, iliac arteries9 aneurysm 1. Treatments: intravenous fluid resuscitation 4, vasoactive agents 7, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy 7 (&gt;1 course: 3), steroids 2. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We found incomplete forms of KD in 43% of KDSS cases. There was a high prevalence of age &gt;5 years old (57%), thrombocytopenia (71%), CHF (71%), AKI (29%), coronary abnormalities (71%) and IVIG resistance (43%). Paediatricians should be aware of this serious and atypical clinical variant of KD, many times incomplete, in order to make an earlier diagnosis and treatment and so improve prognosis. <h3>References</h3> Kanegaye JTet al. Recognition of a Kawasaki disease shock syndrome. Pediatrics 2009;123:e783e9. Gámez-González LB et al. Clinical manifestations associated with Kawasaki disease shock syndrome in Mexican children. Eur J Pediatr 2013;172:337–342. Dominguez SR et al. Kawasaki Disease in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Case-Control Study. Pediatrics 2008;122:e786–e790. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
PWE-416 Does a general surgery dual-specialty consultant on-call system improve emergency access to appropriate specialist surgery?
Authors: GC Kirby, A Torrance, RPT Evans
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Subspecialisation within general surgery has resulted in concerns over the provision of emergency surgical care. Outcomes after some elective surgery have been shown to be better when performed by a surgeons of an appropriate subspeciality.<sup>1</sup>Some advocate emergency surgery should be considered in the same way, and performed by appropriately trained specialists. A dual consultant on-call system has been proposed as a means of ensuring this occur. This study aims to identify whether patients receive subspecialty emergency surgical intervention using an in-hours dual consultant on-call system. <h3>Method</h3> A prospective review of all emergency laparotomies performed at a single centre from 11/01/2014 to 12/01/2015. Data was collected on indication for surgery, operative findings, subspecialty interest of operating surgeon, and the timeliness of surgery compared to CEPOD operative urgency grading. Operations were classified as General: suitable for any surgeon (GEN); Upper Gastrointestinal (UGI); and Colorectal (COL). Our centre operated a dual consultant on call system within normal working hours, and single consultant outside hours. <h3>Results</h3> 306 emergency laparotomies were identified. 169 (55%) were classified as GEN; 22 (7%), UGI; 115 (38%), COL by procedure. The most senior surgeon present was consultant in 281 (92%) of cases, Specialist Trainee in 24 (8%), and unknown in 1. (36) 12% of cases were due to a complication of previous surgery. 20% of cases were performed out-of-hours. Within normal working hours, 90 of 103 (87.4%) operations of a specialist nature were performed by a consultant surgeon of that specialty. Outside of these hours, this figure was 15 out of 27 (55.6%). 95% of cases were performed within the NCEPOD operative timing classification. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A dual consultant on-call system does result in the majority of patients receiving emergency care by a surgeon with the appropriate subspeciality interest, and allows this to occur in a timely fashion. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Anwar S, Fraser S, Hill J. Surgical specialization and training – its relation to clinical outcome for colorectal cancer surgery. <i>J Eval Clin Pract</i>. 2012 Feb;18(1):5–11
Safety and tolerability of crizotinib in combination with chemotherapy for relapsed or refractory solid tumors or anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a Children’s Oncology Group phase I consortium study.
Authors: Emily Gustava Greengard, Yael P. Mosse, Xiaowei Liu, Charlotte H. Ahern, Charles Minard, Susan Blaney, Elizabeth Fox, Brenda Weigel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

10058 Background: Crizotinib is a small molecule inhibitor of the c-Met/HGFR, ALK, and ROS1 receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). The Children's Oncology Group (COG) Phase I study of crizotinib determined the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) to be 280 mg/m2/BID. Objective tumor responses in patients with known activating ALK aberrations were demonstrated. This phase I study aims to determine the safety, tolerability and RP2D of crizotinib in combination with conventional chemotherapy for children with refractory solid tumors and ALCL. Methods: Pediatric patients with measurable or evaluable solid tumors or ALCL, refractory to therapy were eligible. Using a 3+3 design, crizotinib was escalated in 3 dose levels from 165 mg/m2/dose to the RP2D of 280 mg/m2/dose BID. Patients were enrolled on either Part A, crizotinib with topotecan and cyclophosphamide, or Part B, crizotinib with vincristine and doxorubicin. The oral solution of crizotinib was used for all patients. In part C of the study, patients received crizotinib as formulated capsules in combination with topotecan and cyclophosphamide. Pharmacokinetic evaluation prior to the first dose and at steady state were required. Correlative studies for ALK aberrations were performed on patients with neuroblastoma. C-Met expression was performed on non-ALCL, non-neuroblastoma patients. Results: To date, 22 eligible patients have enrolled with 17 patients fully evaluable for toxicity. In part A, crizotinib was escalated to 215 mg/m2/dose, however, two patients experienced DLT of diarrhea and dehydration at 215 mg/m2/dose. In part B, crizotinib was escalated to 280 mg/m2/dose, however, two patients experienced DLT of nausea, dehydration and prolonged QT interval at 280 mg/m2/dose. Due to concerns that toxicities may be due to palatability of the oral solution, Part C subsequently opened and is currently enrolling patients. Conclusions: The safety and tolerability of crizotinib with conventional chemotherapy warrants further investigation. The oral solution of crizotinib may not be palatable. Alternative formulations are being developed. Clinical trial information: NCT01606878.
GPs in Northern Ireland face “full blown crisis,” BMA warns
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2016)

General practice in Northern Ireland is facing a “full blown crisis” that is placing practices at risk of closure, the BMA has warned.

A BMA survey of practices in Northern Ireland found that many were struggling to cope, because of workload and funding pressures and problems in recruiting and retaining doctors. In a report of the findings the BMA warned that most practices in rural areas were at risk of closure, with single handed practices across the province also under threat.1

Three quarters (74%) of practices that were surveyed said that they were struggling, and nearly 10% said that they are “barely coping” with current pressures. The postal survey was sent to all …
Website of the Week: Living organ donation
Authors: Trevor Jackson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Two letters in this week's BMJ present conflicting views of living liver donation (p 1287). In arguing in favour of donation, Roger Williams says that there is an “unacceptable” wait for cadaver organs and that the UK transplant rate is already one of the lowest in the West. Wherever there's a shortage, as there is of organs for transplant, there is scope for online information campaigns.

The US based Coalition on Donation explains that kidneys are the most common organ donated by living donors, while other organs that can be donated include partial liver, lung, and pancreas (www.shareyourlife.org/become_livingdonor.html). The site lists the advantages to the recipient of living donation, the risks, and the lifelong considerations of being a donor.

The US Living Organ Donor Network (www.lodn.org) allows information regarding living kidney donors to be placed, for the first time, in a common database “so medical professionals can collect the demographic and medical characteristics of these individuals.” Most of the site is password protected, but there's a brief information page and online forum with personal stories.

Living Donors Online! (www.livingdonorsonline.org/) aims to be “the preeminent online community for living donors, potential donors, their families, and medical professionals.” As well as general and organ-specific information, there is a Living Donor Hall of Fame and a buddies programme matching potential donors with those who have already donated.

The shortage of organs for transplant has also spawned sites of dubious ethical provenance. As the Independent on Sunday newspaper reported earlier this year, Liver4you.org claims to be able to provide transplant surgery in the Philippines in as little as 10 days, using cadaver and live donor organs. “Come to Manila and meet the doctor,” the site urges, pointing out the cost of kidney surgery runs from $35 000 to $85 000 (£21 000; €30 000 to £50 000; €72 000) and liver surgery from $150 000 to $250 000, and that a flight with Korean Air or China Air would cost around $850. The site was originally highlighted by the charity Organs Watch (http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/biotech/organswatch/index.html), which monitors the international trade in illegal organs.
Marital therapy when one spouse has a primary affective disorder
Authors: B L Greene, N Lustig, R R Lee
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

The authors explain why marital disharmony when one spouse has a primary affective disorder is difficult to treat but suggest that such couples can be treated successfully if the therapist is flexible and sets realistic goals. Because of the variability of the disease and the many unsubstantiated etiologies associated with it, the authors recommend a modified general system theory approach to treatment that includes a combination of psychotherapy and somatotherapy.