tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sex and Gender Differences in Risk, Pathophysiology and Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Alexandra Kautzky-Willer, Jürgen Harreiter, Giovanni Pacini
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2016)

The steep rise of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated complications go along with mounting evidence of clinically important sex and gender differences. T2DM is more frequently diagnosed at lower age and body mass index in men; however, the most prominent risk factor, which is obesity, is more common in women. Generally, large sex-ratio differences across countries are observed. Diversities in biology, culture, lifestyle, environment, and socioeconomic status impact differences between males and females in predisposition, development, and clinical presentation. Genetic effects and epigenetic mechanisms, nutritional factors and sedentary lifestyle affect risk and complications differently in both sexes. Furthermore, sex hormones have a great impact on energy metabolism, body composition, vascular function, and inflammatory responses. Thus, endocrine imbalances relate to unfavorable cardiometabolic traits, observable in women with androgen excess or men with hypogonadism. Both biological and psychosocial factors are responsible for sex and gender differences in diabetes risk and outcome. Overall, psychosocial stress appears to have greater impact on women rather than on men. In addition, women have greater increases of cardiovascular risk, myocardial infarction, and stroke mortality than men, compared with nondiabetic subjects. However, when dialysis therapy is initiated, mortality is comparable in both males and females. Diabetes appears to attenuate the protective effect of the female sex in the development of cardiac diseases and nephropathy. Endocrine and behavioral factors are involved in gender inequalities and affect the outcome. More research regarding sex-dimorphic pathophysiological mechanisms of T2DM and its complications could contribute to more personalized diabetes care in the future and would thus promote more awareness in terms of sex- and gender-specific risk factors.
Association of Lynch syndrome and risk of invasive cervical cancer.
Authors: Y. C. Antill, J. Dowty, A. Win, T. Thompson, N. M. Lindor, S. Gallinger, I. Winship, M. A. Jenkins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

1501 Background: Lynch syndrome, a hereditary cancer syndrome characterized by germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes, is associated with an elevated lifetime risk of cancer development, predominantly endometrial, colorectal and ovarian. To date, no increased risk of cervical cancer for mutation carriers has been reported. Methods: Families with an identified pathologic mutation in one of the MMR genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2 were obtained from Colon Cancer Family Registry (Australasia, USA and Canada). Families were ascertained via a population- based colorectal cancer case or via family cancer clinics. Attempts were made to obtain pathology reports for cases of cervical cancer. Modified segregation analyses incorporating rigorous corrections for ascertainment were used to estimate relative and cumulative risks of cervical cancer for mutation carriers. Binomial tests and t-tests and were used to compare observed histology and ages of diagnosis to population norms. Results: A total of 66 cases of cervical cancer were reported among 369 families (133 MLH1, 174 MSH2, 35 MSH6 and 27 PMS2) containing 7,119 females and 7,812 males, 2,033 of whom were genotyped (1,073 carriers and 960 non-carriers). The incidence of cervical cancer was estimated to be higher for carriers than non-carriers by a factor of 5.4 (95% CI 2.2-13.5; p > 0.002). The corresponding estimated cumulative risk to age 80 years for women from the USA sites was 4.4% (95% CI 1.8-11.0 %) for MMR mutation carriers compared with 0.8% for non-carriers. Mean age of cervical cancer diagnoses in carriers was 42.9 years (range 18-70), younger than the corresponding mean age of 47 years in the general population (p > 0.01, 95% CI 39.8-46.0) (seer.cancer.gov/csr/1973_1999/cervix.pdf). Pathology reports were available for 12 cases with 8 (67%) reported as either adenocarcinoma or mixed histology with a predominance of adenocarcinoma, significantly more (p > 0.003) than the expected proportion of 25% based on SEER data. Conclusions: These novel findings suggest that cervical cancer is associated with Lynch syndrome and that the histology of cervical cancers in MMR mutation carriers may vary from expected population standards. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Retrospective review of docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5FU (DCF) given on a weekly basis for the treatment of advanced gastric or esophageal cancer
Authors: L. Ho, A. T. Phan, J. Jhamb, M. Mani, E. Tetzlaff, E. Lin, J. A. Ajani, J. L. Abbruzzese, M. J. Overman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

15525 Background: DCF administered every three weeks results in a high rate of treatment-related adverse events. At M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) a weekly formulation of DCF has been utilized in patients who were not considered candidates for every three week dosing. Methods: A single institution retrospective review of patients with metastatic or locally advanced gastric or esophageal cancer treated with weekly DCF from 1/2002 to 3/2007 was conducted. Over this time period a standard order-set was in place in which cisplatin 20 mg/m2, 5FU 350 mg/m2 and docetaxel 20 mg/m2 was given once weekly for 6 consecutive weeks every 8 weeks (one cycle). Only patients who were treated at MDACC, received ≥3 weeks of treatment and had follow-up evaluation were included. Tumor response was calculated retrospectively using RECIST criteria. Results: Fifty-seven patients were identified: tumor type: gastric (20), esophageal (18) or gastroesophageal cancer (19); histology: adenocarcinoma (44) or squamous cell carcinoma (13); disease status: metastatic (42) or locally advanced (15). The median age was 60 years (33 to 81), 67% were male, and 94% were chemo-naive. The average number of cycles administered was 1.8 (1 to 4). Hematological toxicity was minimal with grade 3/4 granulocytopenia in 1 patient, grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia in 0 patients, and grade 3/4 anemia in 5 patients. No patient had a neutropenic infection but grade 3/4 non-neutropenic infections occurred in 4 patients. Fatigue was reported by 29 patients, nausea/vomiting by 26 patients, and diarrhea by 17. A total of 16 patients had dose delays or dose reductions related to toxicity. Forty-nine patients had measurable disease with a partial response occurring in 27% (95% CI 15% to 41%) and stable disease occurring in 45%. Forty-nine patients have died with median follow-up of 8.8 months. Progression-free survival was 4 months (95% CI 3 to 6.2 m) and overall survival was 8.9 months (95% CI 7 to 10.8 m). Conclusions: Weekly DCF according to this schedule has minimal hematological toxicity and overall excellent tolerance in this population of patients who were not considered candidates for DCF administered every three weeks. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Ascenta, sanofi-aventis, Taiho
Gastro-retentive drug delivery systems and their in vivo success: A recent update
Authors: Uttam Kumar Mandal, Bappaditya Chatterjee, Faria Gias Senjoti
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2016)

Gastro-retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) has gained immense popularity in the field of oral drug delivery recently. It is a widely employed approach to retain the dosage form in the stomach for an extended period of time and release the drug slowly that can address many challenges associated with conventional oral delivery, including poor bioavailability. Different innovative approaches like magnetic field assisted gastro-retention, plug type swelling system, muco-adhesion technique, floating system with or without effervescence are being applied to fabricate GRDDS. Apart from in vitro characterization, successful GRDDS development demands well designed in vivo study to establish enhanced gastro-retention and prolonged drug release. Gama scintigraphy and MRI are popular techniques to evaluate in vivo gastric residence time. However, checking of their overall in-vivo efficacy still remains a major challenge for this kind of dosage form, especially in small animals like mice or rat. Reported in vivo studies with beagle dogs, rabbits, and human subjects are only a handful in spite of a large number of encouraging in vitro results. In spite of the many advantages, high subject variations in gastrointestinal physiological condition, effect of food, and variable rate of gastric emptying time are the challenges that limit the number of available GRDDS in the market. This review article highlights the in vivo works of GRDDS carried out in the recent past, including their limitations and challenges that need to be overcome in the near future.
Rapid and Efficient Stable Gene Transfer to Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Using a Modified Foamy Virus Vector
Authors: Nathan Paul Sweeney, Cathy Regan, Jiahui Liu, Antonio Galleu, Francesco Dazzi, Dirk Lindemann, Charles Anthony Rupar, Myra Olga McClure
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2016)

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold great promise for regenerative medicine. Stable ex vivo gene transfer to MSCs could improve the outcome and scope of MSC therapy, but current vectors require multiple rounds of transduction, involve genotoxic viral promoters and/or the addition of cytotoxic cationic polymers in order to achieve efficient transduction. We describe a self-inactivating foamy virus vector (FVV), incorporating the simian macaque foamy virus envelope and using physiological promoters, which efficiently transduces murine MSCs (mMSCs) in a single-round. High and sustained expression of the transgene, whether GFP or the lysosomal enzyme, arylsulphatase A (ARSA), was achieved. Defining MSC characteristics (surface marker expression and differentiation potential), as well as long-term engraftment and distribution in the murine brain following intracerebroventricular delivery, are unaffected by FVV transduction. Similarly, greater than 95% of human MSCs (hMSCs) were stably transduced using the same vector, facilitating human application. This work describes the best stable gene transfer vector available for mMSCs and hMSCs.
Electrophysiological Effects of Selective Atrial Coronary Artery Occlusion in Humans
Authors: Jesús Álvarez-García, Miquel Vives-Borrás, Pedro Gomis, Jordi Ordoñez-Llanos, Andreu Ferrero-Gregori, Antoni Serra-Peñaranda, Juan Cinca
Journal: Circulation (2016)

The arrhythmogenesis of ventricular myocardial ischemia has been extensively studied, but models of atrial ischemia in humans are lacking. This study aimed at describing the electrophysiological alterations induced by acute atrial ischemia secondary to atrial coronary branch occlusion during elective coronary angioplasty.Clinical data, 12-lead ECG, 12-hour Holter recordings, coronary angiography, and serial plasma levels of high-sensitivity troponin T and midregional proatrial natriuretic peptide were prospectively analyzed in 109 patients undergoing elective angioplasty of right or circumflex coronary arteries. Atrial coronary branches were identified and after the procedure patients were allocated into two groups: atrial branch occlusion (ABO, n=17) and atrial branch patency (non-ABO, n=92). In comparison with the non-ABO, patients with ABO showed: (1) higher incidence of periprocedural myocardial infarction (20% versus 53%, P=0.01); (2) more frequent intra-atrial conduction delay (19% versus 46%, P=0.03); (3) more marked PR segment deviation in the Holter recordings; and (4) higher incidence of atrial tachycardia (15% versus 41%, P=0.02) and atrial fibrillation (0% versus 12%, P=0.03). After adjustment by a propensity score, ABO was an independent predictor of periprocedural infarction (odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-11.6, P<0.05) and atrial arrhythmias (odds ratio, 5.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-20.5, P=0.02).Selective atrial coronary artery occlusion during elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is associated with myocardial ischemic damage, atrial arrhythmias, and intra-atrial conduction delay. Our data suggest that atrial ischemic episodes might be considered as a potential cause of atrial fibrillation in patients with chronic coronary artery disease.
Effective use of the “clip-flap” method for the endoscopic submucosal dissection of a difficult-to-approach superficial gastric tumor
Authors: Katsumi Yamamoto, Shiro Hayashi, Tsutomu Nishida, Hirotsugu Saiki, Masafumi Naito, Tomoki Michida, Toshifumi Ito
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is technically difficult because of poor visualization in the operative field. The formation of a mucosal flap improves visualization of the operative field, but a high level of skill or special equipment is often required, depending on the location of the lesion [1] [2] [3]. To facilitate formation of the mucosal flap, we designed the "clip-flap" method, in which an endoclip is initially substituted for the mucosal flap [4] [5]. Herein, we report the remarkable effectiveness of the clip-flap method in a patient with a lesion that was difficult to approach.
Case 2-1975
Authors: Martin J. Wohl, Austin L. Vickery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Presentation of CaseAn 81-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of arthritis.Twenty-two years previously he was evaluated elsewhere because of weakness, and the diagnoses of pernicious anemia and hypothyroidism were made. The 24-hour thyroidal radioiodine uptake was 4 per cent. Injections of liver extract were begun, and thyroid hormone was prescribed. He was then well until five years before admission, when he entered another hospital because of weight loss. The hematocrit was 37 per cent; a stool specimen gave a + + + test for occult blood. An x-ray film of the chest showed changes consistent with . . .
I feel for you
Authors: Michelle Rydon-Grange
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Ever noticed feeling irritated or bored in the presence of a patient? Perhaps you’ve felt particularly enamoured by a patient, or anxious and defensive in the presence of another. A clinician’s emotional response to their patient is termed countertransference. It can take any form—dislike, disgust, attraction—nothing is off limits. Modern conceptualisations suggest countertransference encompasses all the clinician’s feelings and attitudes—conscious and unconscious—towards the patient. …
A matched case–control study of toxoplasmosis after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: still a devastating complication
Authors: A. Conrad, M. Le Maréchal, D. Dupont, S. Ducastelle-Leprêtre, M. Balsat, H. Labussière-Wallet, F. Barraco, F.-E. Nicolini, X. Thomas, L. Gilis, C. Chidiac, T. Ferry, F. Wallet, M. Rabodonirina, G. Salles, M. Michallet, F. Ader, F. Ader, E. Bachy, M. Balsat, F. Barraco, N. Benech, A.-L. Bienvenu, G. Billaud, F. Biron, A. Boibieux, C. Chidiac, A. Conrad, S. Ducastelle-Leprêtre, O. Dumitrescu, D. Dupont, V. Escuret, T. Ferry, G. Fossard, E. Frobert, L. Gilis, S. Goutelle, A. Grateau, Y. Guillermin, M. Heiblig, H. Labussière-Wallet, M. Le Maréchal, L. Lebras, B. Lina, G. Lina, P. Miailhes, A.-S. Michallet, M. Michallet, M.-C. Michallet, G. Monneret, F. Morfin-Sherpa, F.-E. Nicolini, T. Perpoint, M. Peyrouse de Montclos, S. Picot, F. Poitevin-Later, A. Quintela, M. Rabodonirina, S. Roux, J. Saison, G. Salles, C. Sarkozy, A. Sénéchal, M. Sobh, X. Thomas, F. Valour, F. Wallet, M. Wallon, E. Wattel
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2016)
The phase III clinical study about the effect of Kangfuxin Solution (Chinese herbal medicine compound preparation) on the radiation induced oral and upper gastrointestinal mucositis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.
Authors: Jin Yi Lang, Mei Feng, Yangkun Luo, Zhixuan Fan, Qinghua Jiang, Hongfang Bai, Yecai Huang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

6057 Background: The incidence of oral mucotitis was high in NPC patients treated with radiation. Till now, there was no efficient drug to prevent and treat it. Kangfuxin solution was the Chinese herbal medicine compound preparation, and it could promote angiogenesis and repair mucosa. We aim to observe the effect of it on radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM) and upper gastrointestinal mucositis in NPC patients. Methods: 240 pathological confirmed squamous NPC patients from five multi-centers clinical departments were included in this study. They were randomized divided into the control group and treatment group in. Stage I, II, III and IV were all included (AJCC 2010). All the patients received radical chemoradiotherapy. The treatment group used the traditional Chinese medicine (Kangfuxin Solution, 10ml tid) for mouthwash from the beginning of radiotherapy. The control group used Compound Borax Solution (10ml tid) for mouthwash. CTCAE v3.0 and verbal rating scales (VRS) was used to evaluate the incidence and OM grade, upper gastrointestinal mucositis and the pain grade during in different phases of radiation. Results: 230 effective patients were used for clinical effects evaluation in the study. Compared to control group, the incidence and grade of OM was significantly lower in treatment group (p< 0.01). The time from beginning of radiation to different grade of mucositis occurance (Grade 1, 2, 3) was longer in treatment group (p< 0.05), and the accumulated radiation dose was also higher in treatment group comparing to the control group (p< 0.05). For upper gastrointestinal mucositis and pains, the grade was lower in treatment group during radiation comparing to the control group (p< 0.05). There was no side effect of Kangfuxin solution in the study. Conclusions: Kangfuxin solution could prevent and treat the radiotherapy-induced oral and upper gastrointestinal mucositis to some extent. The incidence and grade were all decreased in the Kangfuxin group. This traditional Chinese medicine was safe and effective, and it might be widely used in the clinical practice in the future.
Paclitaxel: what schedule? What dose?
Authors: S G Arbuck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1994.12.2.233 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 7509379 Paclitaxel: what schedule? What dose? S G ArbuckxS G ArbuckSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1994.12.2.233 First Page PDF © 1994 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Recognizing Sun Safety as an Employee Health Issue
Authors: Lori A. Crane, Robert P. Dellavalle
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Interpreting the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) Findings on Sanitation, Hygiene, and Diarrhea
Authors: Jonny Crocker, Jamie Bartram
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2016)

In this Perspective on the GEMS study by Kelly Baker and colleagues, Jonny Crocker and Jamie Bartram consider the implications of associations found and not found between diarrheal disease and sanitation and hygiene.
Modification of Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase Activity in Experimental Pineocytomas Induced in Hamsters by a Human Papovavirus (JC)2
Authors: W. B. Quay, Yu-Heng Ma, John N. Varakis, Gabriele M. ZuRhein, B. L. Padgett, D. L. Walker
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Modification of Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase Activity in Experimental Pineocytomas Induced in Hamsters by a Human Papovavirus (JC) Get access W. B. Quay, W. B. Quay Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yu-Heng Ma, Yu-Heng Ma Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John N. Varakis, John N. Varakis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gabriele M. ZuRhein, Gabriele M. ZuRhein Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. L. Padgett, B. L. Padgett Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. L. Walker D. L. Walker Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 58, Issue 1, January 1977, Pages 123–127, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/58.1.123 Published: 01 January 1977 Article history Received: 12 April 1976 Accepted: 14 June 1976 Published: 01 January 1977
Occult thyroid dysfunction in patients with refractory depression
Authors: G R Gewirtz, D Malaspina, J A Hatterer, S Feureisen, D Klein, J M Gorman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

Assessment of metabolic rate was useful in evaluating refractory depression in six of 15 women. Five of the six had normal levels of T3 and T4; however, each had an elevated thyrotropin-stimulating hormone level or a low metabolic rate. The depressions responded to medication with thyroid hormone.
Asthma inflammatory phenotypes show differential microRNA expression in sputum
Authors: Tania Maes, Francisco Avila Cobos, Florence Schleich, Valentina Sorbello, Monique Henket, Katleen De Preter, Ken R. Bracke, Griet Conickx, Claire Mesnil, Jo Vandesompele, Lies Lahousse, Fabrice Bureau, Pieter Mestdagh, Guy F. Joos, Fabio L.M. Ricciardolo, Guy G. Brusselle, Renaud Louis
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)