tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-259 Routine biopsy during lower gi endoscopy is of diagnostic value for patients with chronic diarrhoea
Authors: PM Trembling, F Nicol, J Hoare
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Patients investigated for chronic diarrhoea often have normal lower GI endoscopy, and mucosal biopsies are recommended, although their clinical value is controversial. We assessed the diagnostic yield of mucosal biopsies in patients undergoing lower GI endoscopy for investigation of chronic diarrhoea. <h3>Method</h3> All lower GI endoscopies performed in a large multi-site hospital trust over a period of one month for chronic diarrhoea were identified using the endoscopy reporting system and retrospectively analysed. Only procedures where mucosal biopsies were taken were included. The macroscopic endoscopic findings were recorded and correlated with histology findings. <h3>Results</h3> 110 endoscopic procedures were identified. The mean age of patients was 53 (range 19–85), 50% were male. The endoscopic findings were; normal (60%), polyp (s) (17%), colitis/inflammation (8%), polyp (s) and diverticular disease (7%), diverticular disease (6%), tumour (2%). In the group with normal mucosa (n = 65), prevalence of microscopic pathology was 23% (colitis 9.2%, lymphocytic colitis 7.7%, likely drug reaction 3.1%, eosinophilia 1.5%, melanosis coli 1.5%). In the cohort where no polyps were detected, sensitivity for lower GI endoscopy identifying pathology seen on biopsy was 29% (95% CI; 11.4–52.2%), specificity 81% (95% CI; 68.6–89.6%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our findings report a prevalence of histological abnormality in patients with chronic diarrhoea and normal lower GI endoscopy that is at the higher end of prevalence reported in other series.<sup>1–5</sup>These data support the role of routine biopsy in this group of patients. The practice of routine biopsy in this cohort of patients is further supported by the low sensitivity in identifying abnormalities at endoscopy. The high prevalence of colitis and lymphocytic colitis identified histologically demonstrates the clinical value of biopsy in directly informing treatment decisions. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Patel Y, Pettigrew NM, Grahame GR, Bernstein CN. The diagnostic yield of lower endoscopy plus biopsy in nonbloody diarrhea. Gastrointestinal Endosc. 1997;46(4):338–43 Shah RJ, Fenoglio-Preiser C, Bleau BL, Giannella RA. Usefulness of colonoscopy with biopsy in the evaluation of patients with chronic diarrhea. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96(4):1091–5 Hotouras A, Collins P, Speake W, Tierney G, Lund JN, Thaha MA. Diagnostic yield and economic implications of endoscopic colonic biopsies in patients with chronic diarrhoea. Colorectal Dis. 2012;14(8):985–8 Sidhu PS, Khan F, Hebden J, Donnelly M. Colonic biopsies to detect microscopic colitis in patients with diarrhoea and “normal” colonoscopy: worth the effort? Gut 2012;<b>61</b>:A372 Yusoff IF, Hoffman NE, Ormonde DG. Is routine mucosal biopsy of value in patients with diarrhoea and normal colonoscopy in an open access setting? <i>Gastrointestinal Endosc.</i>2000:<b>51</b>(4):AB146
OP0212 The Effects of SGC Stimulators on Wound Healing in the Tight Skin (TSK-1) Mouse Skin Fibrosis Model
Authors: E. Haasbach, C. Beyer, J. Distler, P. Sandner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic, autoimmune mediated, orphan disease with significantly increased morbidity and mortality and a low quality of life. Besides skin fibrosis, SSc causes alterations of the microvasculature and severe peripheral vasculopathies, including perivascular fibrosis, Raynaud9s phenomena and the formation of digital ulcers (DU). Many drugs, proposed to have anti-fibrotic effects, inhibit wound healing and might thus further complicate the healing of ischemic ulcers in SSc. <h3>Objectives</h3> Although sGC stimulators like Riociguat inhibit the release of collagen in experimental models of fibrosis, they also improve acral perfusion due to their vasodilatory effects. We thus speculated that the vasodilatory effects of Riociguat may balance its inhibitory effects on collagen release in wound healing and may thus not negatively affect wound healing in SSc patients. The aim of these studies was to characterize the effects of the sGC stimulators BAY 63-2521 (Riociguat) and BAY 41-2272 on wound healing in the tsk-1 mouse skin fibrosis model. <h3>Methods</h3> The tight-skin (tsk-1) mouse model of SSc was used to evaluate the effects of the sGC stimulators BAY 63-2521 (Riociguat) and BAY 41-2272 on wound closure in mice with skin fibrosis. During anesthesia, WT mice and tsk-1 mice were bilaterally punched, establishing a defined round wound with 4 mm in diameter. WT mice and tsk-1 mice were treated with either placebo, BAY 63-2521 or BAY 41-2272 and efficacy was measured by reduction of wound area, 3 days after punching. <h3>Results</h3> In WT mice a reduction in wound size by 68%±2% was found after 3 days. Compared to WT mice, wound closure was significantly attenuated in tsk-1 mice with a reduction in wound size of only 52%±2%. Treatment with the sGC stimulator BAY 63-2521 (Riociguat) had no influence on wound healing in WT mice. In tsk-1 mice both sGC stimulators caused a dose-dependent and significant improvement of wound healing. Wound sizes were reduced by 59%±4%, 65%±3% (<i>p</i>&lt;0.05) and 70%±2% (<i>p</i>&lt;0.0001) with 0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg BAY 63-2521, respectively. And tsk-1 mice treated with 1 and 3 mg/kg BAY 41-2272 showed a reduction of 64%±3% and 73%±2% (<i>p</i>&lt;0.0005). <h3>Conclusions</h3> These data imply that the sGC stimulators BAY 63-2521 (Riociguat) and BAY 41-2272 could become and efficacious treatment option for SSc-related vasculopathies, especially for prevention and healing of DU. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> E. Haasbach Employee of: Bayer Pharma AG, C. Beyer: None declared, J. Distler: None declared, P. Sandner Employee of: Bayer Pharma AG
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
Authors: Martin D. Abeloff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

The protean manifestations of cancer can be classified on a pathophysiologic basis into direct and indirect effects. The direct effects of primary and metastatic cancers are the result of invasive masses interfering with the normal functioning of organ systems. The term "paraneoplastic syndrome" is used to describe the indirect effects of cancer that are secondary to the production of biologically active hormones, growth factors or as yet unidentified "humors," or in some cases, of antigen–antibody interactions induced by the tumor.Paraneoplastic syndromes are estimated to occur in only about 7 to 15 percent of patients with cancer. If the definition . . .
Oral Contraceptives and Birth Defects
Authors: I D Bross
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

This letter questions the sample size validity in a study previously published in the New England Journal of Medicine by Rothman and Louik (7 September 1978), deeming it too small to draw valid conclusions from because the "power" of the statistical tests used was not great enough to show major teratogenic hazards; hence, the earlier authors' statistical discounting (based on P values) of the teratogenic effects of oral contraceptives was unwarranted and misleading. A nontechnical argument, based on the knowledge that occurrence of malformations that are sensitive indicators of teratogenicity is a rare event, is presented. Down's syndrome is the example: "In this typical Poisson situation, the power depends on the number of rare events that occur rather than on total sample size. Thus, there are only 7 reports of Down's syndrome, 3 in the 1448 births in the short-interval series and 4 in the remaining 6275 births. Because the effective sample size is so small, even though the observed incidence is about 3 times higher in the short-interval series, the statistical tests are not 'significant'.""
Back to the Basics
Authors: David T. Fisk, Sanjay Saint, Lawrence M. Tierney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

A 34-year-old man with paraplegia after a snowmobile accident came to the emergency department with a three-day history of fever, malaise, and abnormally colored urine. Moderate abdominal pain and anorexia had developed one day before his visit. The patient did not have headache, neck stiffness, photophobia, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice, or weight loss.I need to know more about the character of the abdominal pain. This patient's paraplegia might influence the development and localization of his abdominal pain. The fever, malaise, and abnormal urine color immediately raise the possibility of a urinary tract infection. Patients . . .
Tyzzer's Disease&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Leon Z. Saunders, DVM
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1958)

Journal Article Tyzzer's Disease Get access Leon Z. Saunders, DVM Leon Z. Saunders, DVM Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, Long Island, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 20, Issue 5, May 1958, Pages 893–897, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/20.5.893 Published: 01 May 1958
Risk and outcomes of metachronous gastric cancer following endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer: some answers, more questions
Authors: Thomas Imperiale, Melissa Martinez
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

The last 20 years have seen significant reductions in the worldwide incidence of and mortality from gastric cancer, largely due to improvements in sanitation, greater refrigeration with concomitant reduction in the consumption of salted, smoked, and chemically-preserved foods, identification and eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection, and endoscopic screening [1].
The pathologic and clinical heterogeneity of lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin's disease.
Authors: K J Propert, J R Anderson, M Barcos, A J Gottlieb
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1986.4.9.1419 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3746379 The pathologic and clinical heterogeneity of lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin's disease. K J PropertxK J PropertSearch for articles by this author , J R AndersonxJ R AndersonSearch for articles by this author , M BarcosxM BarcosSearch for articles by this author , A J GottliebxA J GottliebSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1986.4.9.1419 PDF "The pathologic and clinical heterogeneity of lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin's disease.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 4(9), pp. 1419–1420© 1986 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
P2-147: EGFR mutation correlated with sensitivity of gefitinib therapy for reccurent lung cancer
Authors: Hidefumi Sasaki, Osamu Kawano, Katsuhiko Endo, Katsuhiro Okuda, Haruhiro Yukiue, Tomoki Yokoyama, Motoki Yano, Yoshitaka Fujii
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
AB0276 Characteristics of Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (ERA) Over Time: Data from the Catch Cohort Demonstrate that More Patients Achieve Remission in Recent Years:
Authors: J.E. Pope, B.P. Haraoui, G. Boire, C. Hitchon, C. Thorne, D. Tin, E. Keystone, V.P. Bykerk
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> It appears that in early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA), outcomes are improving due to the changing RA phenotype, earlier identification of patients due to the ACR/EULAR 2010 RA criteria, treating to a target (T2T), and/or early introduction of DMARDs. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine if baseline and one year characteristics of ERA patients are changing over time in a large cohort, including remission rates. <h3>Methods</h3> The Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort (CATCH) started in 2003 and expanded to 23 sites that enrol patients with suspected or proven ERA with less than one year of arthritis. The data including baseline and one year: % meeting RA criteria, DAS28, RF, anti-CCP, Xrays, DMARD and biologic treatment were analyzed comparing patients enrolled before 2010 (prior to revised RA criteria and T2T widespread adoption) compared to recent patients enrolled from 2010 to 2014 (later cohort) to determine if ERA outcomes are different. <h3>Results</h3> 701 patients in the early and 862 in the later cohort had baseline and 12 months data. Table: Comparison of Remission at 12 months in early and later cohorts years shows outcomes. Baseline characteristics were similar (except less anti-CCP positive in later cohort) but more patients were in remission (DAS28&lt;2.6) in the later cohort despite slightly less Mtx and biologic use by one year. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In an ERA cohort, there were more patients in remission at one year in the later cohort. The reasons for this could be due to: slightly earlier time to first visit, less anti-CCP positive and % meeting RA criteria in the later cohort, and site differences (more sites were added over time and may vary in their initial treatment including subcutaneous optimal dose methotrexate and/or initial treatment with combination DMARDs). Others have shown that effective early DMARD treatment strategies in ERA have decreased biologics use (1). <h3>References</h3> Kuijper et al. Better Functional Ability with Less Biologicals 2 years after Induction with Combination DMARD Therapy versus Methotrexate. Abstract #2815, ACR Boston 2014. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> J. Pope Grant/research support from: The CATCH study was designed and implemented by the investigators and financially supported initially by Amgen Canada Inc. and Pfizer Canada Inc. via an unrestricted research grant since inception of CATCH. As of 2011, further support was provided by Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., United Chemicals of Belgium (UCB) Canada Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Canada Co., Abbott Laboratories Ltd., and Janssen Biotech Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of Johnson &amp; Johnson Inc.)., B. Haraoui: None declared, G. Boire: None declared, C. Hitchon: None declared, C. Thorne: None declared, D. Tin: None declared, E. Keystone: None declared, V. Bykerk: None declared
Spontaneous and Induced Tumors in Haired and Hairless Strain HR Mice
Authors: Margaret K. Deringer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1951)

Spontaneous and Induced Tumors in Haired and Hairless Strain HR Mice Get access Margaret K. Deringer Margaret K. Deringer National Cancer Institute2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 12, Issue 2, October 1951, Pages 437–445, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/12.2.437 Published: 01 October 1951 Article history Received: 16 July 1951 Published: 01 October 1951
Habitual Abortion
Authors: P. M. F. Bishop, N. A. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1952)

xjsii upon the audiometric findings which is closely related to the educational grading of deaf children prescribed by the Ministry of Education.The validity of the audiometric findings and of the educational recommendations based thereon was investi- gated in the course of a follow-up of 40 children, the results of which are described and discussed.Consideration is also given to the relationship between the pure-tone audiogram and the hearing capacity for the spoken voice.Emphasis is laid upon the fact that this relationship depends essentially upon the pathology of the deafening disease.It seems justifiable to assume that in the majority of deaf children pure-tone audiometry provides a useful measure of hearing capacity for speech.It is a pleasure to acknowledge the great help that we have received in the course of this work from a number of our colleagues.Dr. J. L. Dunlop, county medical officer, Hertford- shire, and Mr. Henry Sharp, aural surgeon, Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, have referred many patients to us for examination.Mr. R. Bolam, of the staff of the Oto- logical Research Unit, devised and constructed the mechanism of the present peep-show, which has now stood the test of several years' hard work.Mr. Bernard Adams
Abstract 3674: Ionic Mechanisms Underlying Angiotensin Ii Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in Human Coronary Endothelial Cells; A Role of TRPV4 Channel
Authors: Yoshiko Munehisa, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Kyoichi Ono, Takayoshi Ohba, Kiyoshi Nobori, Manabu Murakami, Hiroshi Ito
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Endothelial dysfunction is an initial step in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and a significant predictor of mortality in heart failure patients. A rise of intracellular Ca2+ concentrat...
Cell Proliferation in Precancerous Liver: Relation to Presence and Dose of Carcinogen&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Anna Kane Laird, A. D. Barton
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)

The precancerous period in the livers of rats fed 2-acetylaminofluorene is divisible into two phases. During the first 4 to 8 weeks no significant change in the total number of liver cells occurs; thereafter the total number of liver cells increases at a constant rate. In the present study, when the rate of this constant cell proliferation was plotted against the relative dose of the carcinogen, the points approximated a function describing the properties of a first-order chemical reaction. When administration of the carcinogen was discontinued, the cell proliferation stopped after a short delay. These two findings considered together demonstrate a physiological relationship between the presence of the carcinogen and the preneoplastic cell proliferation in the target organ. It is suggested that the preneoplastic cell proliferation is a form of compensatory hyperplasia in response to the inactivation of some subcellular liver constituent, which is essential to life and is replaced only in association with cell division, and that this inactivation is accomplished by a first-order chemical reaction between the carcinogen and the essential cell constituent.
Case 5-1982: Adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: A R Essop, I Segal, R Ming
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Adrenoleukodystrophy is a rare genetically determined disorder associated with progressive white matter degeneration of central nervous system.Although it is known to occur in most parts of the world it is seldom reported in Korea.We report a case of adrenoleukodystrophy in a 6 year old boy that was diagnosed by adrenal biopsy and demonstration of characteristic cryptalloid inclusions seen in adrenal cortical cells.This patient also had a widespread white matter lesion and brain atrophy that could clearly be demonstrated with Magnetic Resonance Image.
Quadrivalent vaccine-targeted human papillomavirus genotypes in heterosexual men after the Australian female human papillomavirus vaccination programme: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Eric P F Chow, Dorothy A Machalek, Sepehr N Tabrizi, Jennifer A Danielewski, Glenda Fehler, Catriona S Bradshaw, Suzanne M Garland, Marcus Y Chen, Christopher K Fairley
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2016)
ATCT-06MANAGEMENT OF GLIOMATOSIS CEREBRI WITH TEMOZOLOMIDE AND TUMOR TREATING FIELDS
Authors: Nicholas Blondin
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) is a rare and highly aggressive malignancy with no known effective treatment. It is characterized as a diffuse glial tumor affecting at least three cerebral lobes. While radiation therapy has been considered to be the standard of care for initial treatment, it can often lead to significant neuro-toxicity and a survival benefit has not been clinically proven. I present the case of a 50 year old man with GC treated with temozolomide and concurrent, continuous tumor treating fields via the Optune device. Radiation therapy has been deferred in his case. After more than a year of treatment, he has continued to experience a positive clinical and radiographic response to this treatment regimen. Details of his case, including imaging findings, are presented. A clinical trial evaluating this treatment strategy for GC is being planned.
Civil liberties versus involuntary hospitalization
Authors: S Rachlin, A Pam, J Milton
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

The authors examine the issue of involuntary hospitalization for mental illness with particular reference to legal rights and civil liberties. Follow-up data of patients treated on a closed ward, as well as other available evidence, indicate that society is not ready for the abolition of involuntary hospitalization. The authors believe that the most fundamental right of the patient is that of adequate treatment, and therefore this should take precedence over an absolute right to liberty.
Soundings: If I ruled the world
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: BMJ (2002)

In the first year of my dictatorship I will ban sugar coated doughnuts, atonal music, phenylbutazone, and hospital public relations departments. With the ruthlessness of irrational dictators I will outlaw multivitamin pills, ties with horizontal stripes, malpractice lawyers, useless expensive drugs, and hot and cold water taps that turn in opposite directions.

Handsome women will not chew gum with their mouths open, petty bureaucrats will not notify their 500 employees of their two days' absence from the office. Committees, especially on ethics and audits, will meet only on Saturdays, only for 30 minutes, no chairs provided. The police will destroy all answering machines announcing “I am away from my desk . . . but your call is very important to us.”

There will be other excesses. The priests of evidence based medicine will be proscribed, their proselytes reduced to meeting in catacombs. Banned will be charts with idiotic problem lists instead of diagnoses. In journals the number of authors will not exceed that of patients studied, and abbreviations will be forbidden, thus allowing articles to be read without reference to a glossary. Generic drug names will have no more than three syllables; “me too” drugs will be limited to four in any class; and drug company sponsored studies will be closely scrutinised for inherent biases in their protocols.

Banned will be computed tomography for stress headache, endoscopies for obvious gastritis, cardiac catheterisations for costochondritis. Doctors will make rounds in a quiet environment, nurses will accompany them, charts and x rays will be at the bedside, and comatose patients will not watch television during rounds. Some doctors will take calligraphy lessons or their noses will grow by an inch for every illegible word written.

Just as in Francophone Montreal, there will be a language police. Passengers will not “deplane”; patients will not be “clients,” doctors not “providers,” clinics not “health centres,” and prepaid plans not “health maintenance organisations”—because they do nothing of the sort. The young will not be allowed to pontificate that the world is going to hell, nor the old reminisce about the good old days.

The dictatorship will last 70 years, then be overthrown by agents of the evidence based movement.