tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) on Fractures and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis
Authors: Robert M. Neer, Claude D. Arnaud, Jose R. Zanchetta, Richard Prince, Gregory A. Gaich, Jean-Yves Reginster, Anthony B. Hodsman, Erik F. Eriksen, Sophia Ish-Shalom, Harry K. Genant, Ouhong Wang, Dan Mellström, Erik S. Oefjord, Ewa Marcinowska-Suchowierska, Jorma Salmi, Henk Mulder, Johan Halse, Andrzej Z. Sawicki, Bruce H. Mitlak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Once-daily injections of parathyroid hormone or its amino-terminal fragments increase bone formation and bone mass without causing hypercalcemia, but their effects on fractures are unknown.
Advance Directives for Medical Care — A Case for Greater Use
Authors: Linda L. Emanuel, Michael J. Barry, John D. Stoeckle, Lucy M. Ettelson, Ezekiel J. Emanuel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Advance directives for medical care and the designation of proxy decision makers to guide medical care after a patient has become incompetent have been widely advocated but little studied. We investigated the attitudes of patients toward planning, perceived barriers to such planning, treatment preferences in four hypothetical scenarios, and the feasibility of using a particular document (the Medical Directive) in the outpatient setting to specify advance directives.
Case 40-1993
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, David W. Golde, Daniel Rubin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Presentation of CaseA 61-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of fever, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and gallstones.The patient had been in stable health until three weeks earlier, when a mild chronic headache developed. One week before admission she consulted a physician, who discovered mild abnormalities on tests of liver function. Five days before entry anorexia, nausea, fatigue, and a low-grade fever developed. Two days later the patient returned to her physician, who diagnosed jaundice and admitted her to another hospital.Laboratory studies were performed at the other hospital (Table 1). An ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen revealed gallstones, . . .
DORMISON, A NEW TYPE OF HYPNOTIC
Authors: PHILIP R. A. MAY, FRANKLIN G. EBAUGH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1953)

Dormison is a drug of a new type that, when used as a hypnotic, is highly efficient and relatively nontoxic and noncumulative. It is the hypnotic of choice in elderly, senile, and arteriosclerotic patients and it has definite advantages over other hypnotics in other types of patients. The hypnotic effect is highly specific, and Dormison is of little value as a sedative since toxic or near-toxic doses are required to produce an adequate sedative effect in disturbed patients. We have observed cumulative effects only when large doses were given as a sedative. The danger of addiction may be less than with other hypnotic-sedative drugs, as Dormison is ultra-short-acting and tends to lack their stupefying and euphorigenic action. Nevertheless, Dormison should not be given as a sedative to patients who have previously been addicted to other drugs, and it should be used as a hypnotic in these cases only under hospital conditions. In view of previous reports, and our findings on cumulation and addiction, barbiturates should not be given to patients receiving Dormison until such time as extensive data are available on the potentiating effect of Dormison on barbiturates in man.
Abstract 1941: Identification of microRNA(miRNA) signature genes for chemoresistance through high throughput profiling of cancer related miRNAs (OncomiRs) in ovarian cancer cell lines and formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) ovarian tissues.
Authors: Yinghui Guan, Shan Lu, Lisa Ryner, Yulei Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The standard treatment for ovarian cancer after cytoreductive surgery is platinum combined with taxane based chemotherapy. However, most patients quickly develop resistance to these therapies. Many miRNA have been implicated to play critical roles in regulating genes involved in chemoresistance. In order to understand mechanism of potential drug resistance to small molecule agents used in our pipeline antibody drug conjugates, we first optimized and developed a gene expression panel for detecting 96 OncomiRs that have previously been identified as either oncogenic or tumor suppressive genes in multiple cancer types using the Fluidigm 96.96 dynamic array platform. A synthetic miRNA pool and a 22-tissue total RNA pool were first titrated and tested against these 96 OncomiRs to determine the feasibility of multiplexing of 96 genes in the reverse transcription and pre-PCR amplification steps and the dynamic range of the assay. The slopes of Ct vs. RNA input in most assays showed over 90% amplification efficiency and more than 1000 fold detection range. We then profiled 53 ovarian cancer cell lines using this 96-OncomiR panel. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering showed that expression of 96 genes in these cell lines could separate them into two distinctive clusters with overexpression of either markers for epithelial or for mesenchymal subtypes, indicating the OncomiR panel could represent both molecular subtypes. By correlating miRNA expression levels of these cell lines with their responses to several chemotherapeutic compounds, we have identified distinctive miRNA signatures of sensitivity or resistance to each compound. The overexpression of some miRNAs is consistently correlated with resistance to multiple compounds implying their target mRNA genes might confer multidrug resistance. We have also profiled 130 FFPE samples from ovarian cancer patients who were either platinum treatment sensitive or resistant using the OncomiR panel. miRNA expression markers for predicting platinum sensitivity and resistance will be also presented. In conclusion, our OncomiR Fluidigm panel can provide an important tool for predicting clinical outcome and drug response. Citation Format: Yinghui Guan, Shan Lu, Lisa Ryner, Yulei Wang. Identification of microRNA(miRNA) signature genes for chemoresistance through high throughput profiling of cancer related miRNAs (OncomiRs) in ovarian cancer cell lines and formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) ovarian tissues. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1941. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1941
SAT0459 Tocilizumab Therapy in Children with Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Russian Experience
Authors: E. Alekseeva, R. Denisova, S. Valieva, T. Bzarova, K. Isayeva, T. Sleptsova, E. Mitenko, E. Chistyakova, A. Fetisova
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (sJIA) is classified as an acquired autoinflammatory disease. The interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 play a pivotal role in pathogenesis of this disease. The systemic manifestations as well as arthritis in sJIA are related to interleukin-6 action. Tocilizumab is promising drug for the treatment of systemic arthritis refractory to immunosuppressive drugs. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate safety and efficacy of tocilizumab treatment in children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. <h3>Methods</h3> An open observational study in patients with sJIA taking tocilizumab. 75 patients were included into the study. Analysis of efficacy and safety tocilizumab therapy was performed in 75 patients. Median age was 7,5 years (range; 0,9 to 15 years) and median disease duration was 2,5 years (range; 0.3 to 12 years). Tocilizumab was administrated intravenously at a dose of 8-12 mg/kg every 2 weeks during 2 months then every 4 weeks. All patients received DMARDs. Efficacy end points included the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Pediatric criteria for improvement 30 (ACR30), ACR50, ACR70, ACR90 and criteria of inactive disease and remission. During the follow-up period, significant side-effects were sought and the reduction in oral prednisolone was recorded too. <h3>Results</h3> The ACR Pedi 30, 50, 70 and 90 improvement were achieved by 100%, 90%, 80% and 55% of patients at Week 24 (n=72) and by 100%, 100%, 95% and 70% of patients at Week 52 (n=60), respectively. Inactive disease was achieved by 60% of patients at week 24 (n=72) and by 73% of patients at week 52 (n=61). Remission was achieved by 72% of patients (n=61). The mean dose of oral glucocorticoid was decreased at week 52. The frequently observed non-severe adverse events were nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infections and gastroenteritis. No cases of opportunistic infections, malignancies or death were reported. There were three cases of pneumonia and cellulitis. 30 patients had incidences of neutropenia. Tocilizumab treatment was discontinued in 14 patients during the follow-up 52 weeks period. The causes for cancellation were relapse of disease (n=7), lack of efficacy (n=3), remission (n=1), parent's refusal (n=1), infusion reaction (n=1) and Crohn's disease (n=1). Dynamics in systemic features <h3>Conclusions</h3> The results of the annual prospective observational study have shown the high efficacy of tocilizumab in patients with the severe sJIA. Drug induced remission of extra-articular manifestations, arthritis and normalized laboratory parameters of the disease activity without initiation of treatment with oral prednisolone and increase its dose, thus avoiding severe irreversible complications of glucocorticoid therapy. Tocilizumab induced disease remission in 72 % of patients at Week 52. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Colorectal Tumors From Different Racial and Ethnic Minorities Have Similar Rates of Mismatch Repair Deficiency
Authors: Shivali Berera, Tulay Koru-Sengul, Feng Miao, Olveen Carrasquillo, Mehrdad Nadji, Yaxia Zhang, Peter J. Hosein, Jacob L. McCauley, Maria T. Abreu, Daniel A. Sussman
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2016)
Delayed Presentation of Adrenal Neuroblastoma
Authors: PETER J. NYE, JOAN PARKHURST, RUPRECHT NITSCHKE, JOE C. LEONARD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

A 12-year-old boy underwent abdominal CT for evaluation of abdominal pain, fever, and anemia. A large right adrenal mass was discovered, and after further evaluation, surgical removal was carried out. The postsurgical bone scan demonstrated normally positioned kidneys, some flattening of the right upper pole, and no evidence of metastatic disease. Review of a bone scan done 6 years earlier because of hip pain showed inferior displacement of the right kidney. At that time, the kidney drained well and was believed to be congenitally rotated. Therefore, no additional studies were performed. Retrospectively, it is presumed that the renal displacement was produced by the mass demonstrated 6 years later by CT scanning. The final pathologic diagnosis was poorly differentiated neuroblastoma with evidence of extensive hemorrhage.
AB0359 Deficiencies of Igg and Its Subclasses in Patients Suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: S. Kästner, P. Kästner, H.-J. Wolff, R. Bräuer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

Cancer cells have varying levels of susceptibility to chemotherapeutic agents, and the proteins that direct drug susceptibility are promising targets for intervention in cancer. Hpr6 (heme-1 domain protein)/PGRMC1 (progesterone receptor membrane component 1) is overexpressed in tumors, and Hpr6 is the human homolog of a budding yeast damage resistance gene called Dap1p. Cells lacking Dap1p are damage-sensitive, and we have found that inhibition of Hpr6 expression by RNA inhibition (RNAi) increases sensitivity of breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. Hpr6 is composed largely of a cytochrome <i>b</i><sub>5</sub>-related heme-1 domain, and we have found that purified Hpr6 binds to heme, similar to its yeast and rodent homologues. We generated an aspartate 120-to-glycine (D120G) mutant of Hpr6 at a highly conserved site in the heme-1 domain and demonstrated that Hpr6-D120G cannot bind to heme. The Hpr6-D120G mutant was named Hpr6<i><sup>hbd</sup></i> for heme binding defective. We prepared an adenovirus encoding Hpr6<i><sup>hbd</sup></i> and found that adenovirus Hpr6<i><sup>hbd</sup></i> increases susceptibility of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin and camptothecin. Our findings support a model in which Hpr6, similar to its yeast homolog, binds to heme and regulates susceptibility to damaging agents.
AB1041 Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Findings from A United Nations National Study: Table 1.
Authors: B. Mehta, Q. Shi, S. Sule, P. Efthimiou
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> The risk of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) than in the general population. Additionally, RA patients may develop pulmonary complications and are more susceptible to respiratory infections. While tuberculosis (TB) was previously considered a problem only in developing countries, it is now a growing concern also in the industrialized world. Therefore, it is important to study the prevalence of LTBI in the RA population, especially with the current dominant role of the new biological therapies in RA therapeutics. <h3>Objectives</h3> To identify the prevalence of LTBI among RA patients and associated risk factors. <h3>Methods</h3> We interrogated the NIS database, the largest all-payer inpatient care database in the United States, with approximately 8 million hospitalizations each year. Our search included all adult RA patients with a discharge diagnosis of RA (ICD-9 code 714.0). LTBI prevalence was identified by ICD-9 code 795.5. We did a frequency analysis of epidemiological variables of RA patients with and without LTBI. Discharge weights were used to enable nationwide estimates. <h3>Results</h3> The total number of RA patients identified were 530,018. Amongst them, LTBI was prevalent in 511 patients (0.1%) whereas LTBI in the hospitalized population was diagnosed in 24,332 of 32,896,347 patients in the dataset (0.07%). We compared the data of patients with RA and LTBI with that of RA patients not having LTBI (Table 1). Females, African Americans and smokers had a 5% higher prevalence of LTBI. Additionally, LTBI was 2.5 times more prevalent in RA patients with lung cancer and 3.75 times more prevalent in Hispanic RA patients. <h3>Conclusions</h3> LTBI was 33% more prevalent in RA patients compared to other hospitalized patients in a nationwide inpatient registry. Risk factors associated with increased LTBI prevalence were history of smoking, lung cancer, Hispanic ethnicity, and African American race. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4835
SAT0017 Dietary Nutrients and Carotid Arteriosclerosis in SLE Patients
Authors: C. Lourdudoss, T. Jogestrand, T. Gustafsson, R. van Vollenhoven, J. Frostegård
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> The prevalence of atherosclerosis is increased in SLE. Disease-specific and treatment-related factors have been implicated. We hypothesized that, in addition, diet may play an important role. However, relatively little is known about dietary habits in patients with SLE. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary nutrient levels in SLE patients with and without carotid atherosclerosis. <h3>Methods</h3> This study included 111 SLE patients from the SLE vascular impact cohort (SLEVIC) study, Karolinska university hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Data on diet were linked with data on unilateral and bilateral plaque. Dietary data were based on food frequency questionnaires. Data on plaque were scored as absence or presence of unilateral and bilateral plaque that were detected by B-mode ultrasound. Daily mean intake of dietary nutrients was compared between patients a) with and without bilateral plaque; b) with and without plaque in the left carotid. Data on plaque was adjusted for age and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels through logistic regression. <h3>Results</h3> The results are shown in the table. Significant differences were found in the mean intake of several nutrients between patients with and without bilateral plaque. Overall, patients with carotid plaques had lower caloric intake of macronutrients and lower intake of various B vitamins and some other micronutrients. However, the dietary intake of fiber and of fatty acids C20:5 and C22:6 were higher in patients with carotid plaque. After data adjustments for age and LDL; energy, niacin, phosphorus and zinc remained significant. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We found nutritional differences between SLE patients with and without carotid atherosclerosis. The increased intake of certain fatty acids, and decreased intake of micronutrients including B-vitamins, may have etiological importance and will be investigated further. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1991
Transforming Growth Factor β in Tissue Fibrosis
Authors: Franklin H. Epstein, Wayne A. Border, Nancy A. Noble
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Progressive fibrosis in the kidney, liver, lung, heart, bone marrow, and skin is both a major cause of suffering and death and an important contributor to the cost of health care. All of this is likely to change in the future. Advances in cell and cytokine biology have brought a new understanding of the molecular events underlying tissue fibrosis. It is becoming clear that fibrogenesis is not a unique pathologic process but is due to excesses in the same biologic events involved in normal tissue repair1.A central event in tissue repair is the release of cytokines in response . . .
P262 INTRATUMORAL INJECTION OF S-NITROSO-N-ACETYLCYSTEINE (SNAC) IN A RODENT MODEL OF NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH)-RELATED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC)
Authors: J.T. Stefano, M.M. Torres, I.V.A. Pereira, B. Cogliati, M.G. de Oliveira, M.C. Chammas, F.J. Carrilho, C.P. Oliveira
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Endogenous Retroviruses in Xenografts
Authors: Douglas M. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

To the Editor: Pressed by the increasing shortage of human organs, we are rapidly moving toward the use of xenografts from pigs or nonhuman primates. We must ask whether endogenous animal retroviruses pose any public health risk when transplanted into a human host. Endogenous porcine retroviruses are not believed to undergo acute transformation; however, the expression of retroviruses has been associated with the development of leukemia and lymphoma in pigs1. Little is known about their structure, their similarities to other retroviruses, or the mechanism of their association with malignant diseases. Since these viral genomes are coded in the genomic . . .
Abstract 540: Increased growth and malignant transformation of human prostate epithelial cells by chronic exposure to arsenic and estrogen
Authors: Justin N. Treas, Kamaleshwar P. Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Both Arsenic and 17β-estradiol have been shown to induce growth and neoplastic formations in prostate epithelial cells. Estrogens are involved in prostate development and function at several stages. Arsenic has mild estrogenic properties. However, the effects of the co-exposure to physiologically relevant doses of these two chemicals on human prostate epithelial cells are not known. We hypothesize that as compared to the individual exposure, the co-exposure to arsenic and estrogen will potentiate the cell growth and transformation in prostate epithelial cells. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effects of chronic exposure to arsenic and estrogen both individually and in combination on neoplastic transformations and increase cell growth. Human prostate epithelial cells, RWPE-1 were treated for 6 months with sodium-meta arsenite and 17β-estradiol both alone and in combination at concentrations of 100 pg/mL and 100 ng/mL. These treated cells were maintained further for 3 months in culture media without arsenic or estrogen supplementation. The effects of these compounds on cell growth were determined by cell count and MTT assay, and malignant transformation of cells was determined by anchorage independent growth assay on soft agar. The mitogenic effects of these chemicals were further confirmed at molecular level by cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry and gene expression analysis by quantitative real time PCR. The result of this study revealed that chronic exposure to arsenic and estrogen causes increased cell proliferation and induces cell transformation as observed in colony formation assay. The combination of these two chemicals had potentiating effects on cell growth and transformation of RWPE-1 cells. The increased percentage of cells in S-phase and increased expression of CyclinD1 as well as the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2 further confirmed the mitogenic potential of these two chemicals in RWPE-1 cells. The present findings of increased growth and transformation of arsenic and estrogen treated cells and epigenetic changes observed in these cells together suggest that these carcinogenic chemicals induce malignant transformation in prostate epithelial cells at least in part through epigenetic mechanisms. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 540. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-540
Molecular Analysis of the Progression from<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>–Associated Chronic Gastritis to Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid-Tissue Lymphoma of the Stomach
Authors: Emanuele Zucca, Francesco Bertoni, Enrico Roggero, Giovanna Bosshard, Giovanni Cazzaniga, Ennio Pedrinis, Andrea Biondi, Franco Cavalli
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Several lines of evidence suggest a link between chronic gastritis due to Helicobacter pylori and mucosa-associated lymphoid-tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the stomach.1,2 A close epidemiologic association has been reported.3–5 The microorganism can be found in the gastric mucosa in nearly all cases, and regression of low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma has been demonstrated after the eradication of H. pylori. 6,7 The suggested progression from H. pylori–associated chronic gastritis to overt MALT lymphoma8 has not been formally demonstrated, although if it exists, such a mechanism may have important implications for the treatment of H. pylori–associated gastritis. Each B . . .