tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Movement Quantification in Neurological Diseases: Methods and Applications
Authors: Maria do Carmo Vilas-Boas, Joao Paulo Silva Cunha
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2016)

The movement of the human body offers neurologists important clues for the diagnosis and follow-up of many neurological diseases. The typical diagnosis approach is accomplished through simple observation of movements of interest (MOI) associated with a specific neurological disease. This approach is highly subjective because it is mainly based on qualitative evaluation of MOIs. Quantitative movement techniques are then obvious diagnosis-aid systems to approach these cases. Nevertheless, the use of motion quantification techniques in these pathologies is still relatively rare. In this paper, we intend to review this area and provide a clear picture of the current state of the art, both in the methods used and their applications to the main movement-related neurological diseases. We approach some historic aspects and the current state of the motion capture techniques and present the results of a survey to the literature that includes 82 papers, since 2006, covering the usage of these techniques in neurological diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the pros and cons of using quantitative approaches in these clinical scenarios. Finally, we present some conclusions and discuss the trends we foresee for the future.
RARE-15ACTH-SECRETING PITUITARY CARCINOMA METASTATIC TO THE LIVER IN A PATIENT WITH A HISTORY OF ATYPICAL PITUITARY ADENOMA AND CUSHING'S SYNDROME
Authors: Amy Joehlin-Price, Christina Arnold, Lawrence Kirschner, Daniel Prevedello, Norm Lehman
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Pituitary carcinoma is a rare entity requiring the presence of metastasis to confirm its malignant potential. Most examples secrete prolactin or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Reported sites of metastasis include to the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, spinal cord, leptomeninges, eyes, heart, lung, lymph nodes, pancreas, liver, kidney, ovary, myometrium and bone. Liver metastasis is most common with prolactin-secreting tumors. In ACTH-secreting tumors it is frequently associated with Nelson's syndrome (rapid enlargement of a pituitary adenoma after bilateral adrenalectomy to palliate Cushing's syndrome). Here we report a case of an ACTH-secreting atypical pituitary adenoma metastasizing to the liver in a 51-year-old woman with Cushing's syndrome and intact adrenal glands 2.5 years after resection of the primary pituitary lesion with subsequent radiotherapy for residual cavernous sinus disease. Surveillance of ACTH and 24 hour urine cortisol levels revealed that they were significantly elevated to 142 pg/mL (normal range 10-60 pg/mL) and 541 µg/day (normal range 3.5-45 µg/day), respectively. These abnormalities prompted a PET scan which demonstrated a hypermetabolic liver lesion with a maximal SUV of 3.3, which was suspicious for metastasis on MRI. An ultrasound-guided liver biopsy demonstrated involvement by a moderately differentiated carcinoma consistent with a primary pituitary lesion. Nests of tumor cells showed a monotonous epithelioid appearance, abundant cytoplasm and small nucleoli. Immunostains for AE1/3, synaptophysin, and ACTH diffusely highlighted the lesional cells. This case thus represents an additional rare example of an ACTH-producing pituitary carcinoma metastatic to the liver in a patient with Cushing's syndrome and intact adrenal glands.
Repairing Peripheral Nerves: Is there a Role for Carbon Nanotubes?
Authors: Karen M. Oprych, Raymond L. D. Whitby, Sergey V. Mikhalovsky, Paul Tomlins, Jimi Adu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Peripheral nerve injury continues to be a major global health problem that can result in debilitating neurological deficits and neuropathic pain. Current state‐of‐the‐art treatment involves reforming the damaged nerve pathway using a nerve autograft. Engineered nerve repair conduits can provide an alternative to the nerve autograft avoiding the inevitable tissue damage caused at the graft donor site. Commercially available nerve repair conduits are currently only considered suitable for repairing small nerve lesions; the design and performance of engineered conduits requires significant improvements to enable their use for repairing larger nerve defects. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an emerging novel material for biomedical applications currently being developed for a range of therapeutic technologies including scaffolds for engineering and interfacing with neurological tissues. CNTs possess a unique set of physicochemical properties that could be useful within nerve repair conduits. This progress report aims to evaluate and consolidate the current literature pertinent to CNTs as a biomaterial for supporting peripheral nerve regeneration. The report is presented in the context of the state‐of‐the‐art in nerve repair conduit design; outlining how CNTs may enhance the performance of next generation peripheral nerve repair conduits.
BOWEL CANCER SCREENING–ARE THE PATIENTS TRULY ASYMPTOMATIC?
Authors: J Somerville, P Lynch, C Rodgers, G Jacob, D McCrory
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Bowel Cancer Screening (BCS) was launched in 2010 in Northern Ireland, with screening colonoscopy lists starting in the Northern Trust in May 2010. Screening is offered every two years to all men and women aged 60 to 71. <h3>Aims/Background</h3> To determine the number of colorectal cancers diagnosed within the BCS programme in the Northern Trust, and of these, to identify any who were symptomatic at the time of entry to the screening programme. <h3>Method</h3> Patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer within the BCS programme in the Northern Trust up to the end of January 2013 were identified from records kept by the Specialist Screening Practitioners. Data from endoscopy, radiology, pathology and MDM reports were then gathered for analysis, and symptomatology identified from the patient history in the pre-assessment documentation. <h3>Results</h3> 68 patients (20 female, 48 male) have been diagnosed with colorectal cancer within the Northern Trust BCS programme. 62 of these tumours were diagnosed by colonoscopy and 6 by CT colography. Only 3 patients had evidence of distant metastases on completion of staging investigations. For 21 patients, the pre-assessment documented the recent onset of alarm symptoms – 1 iron deficiency anaemia, 4 PR bleeding, 15 changes in bowel habit and 1 faecal leakage. Only one had previously sought medical advice for these symptoms. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The BCS programme is effective in the early detection of colorectal carcinoma. Although designed for screening asymptomatic patients, nearly a third of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer within the programme complained of pre-existing alarm symptoms.
P03.02 * IN SITU ORGANOTYPIC SLICE CULTURE MIGRATION MODEL TO DISSECT INFILTRATIVE FROM STATIONARY HUMAN BRAIN TUMOR INITIATING CELLS
Authors: V. Gawrisch, N. Patwary, M. Ruttgers, E. Kerkhoff, M. J. Riemenschneider, U. Bogdahn, A. Vollmann-Zwerenz, C. A. Klein, P. Hau
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Glioblastomas (GBM) are highly malignant brain tumors, hallmarked by infiltrating growth of tumor cells. Brain Tumor Initiating Cells (BTIC) may initiate GBM pathogenesis according to recent publications. In particular the subventricular zone and hippocampus are areas where BTICs may arise and migrate to distinct areas to initiate the tumor bulk via differentiation into the glial linage. As a valuable tool an in situ model of organotypic brain slice cultures is utilized to visualize and analyse migration and invasion in a setting that simulates normal brain tissue conditions. This method allows the inoculation of tagged BTIC in the hippocampal region of fresh brain slice cultures from newborn rats (P8-12), and to monitor tumor cell invasion for up to three weeks. During this process the original cell population divides into different subpopulations: a stationary that proliferates at the implantation site, and an infiltrating one. Stationary and infiltrating cells differ in morphology and behaviour. In order to reveal why an initial cell population separates into subpopulations, a method was developed to microdissect single cells from the slices after an inoculation time of up to three weeks. cDNA libraries were generated for subsequent microarray analysis to compare the subgroups regarding gene expression profiles of genes associated with e.g. proliferation, invasion, cell-cell contacts, and stemness. Besides the different phenotypic appearance of the subpopulations, the genetic pattern of cells from the subpopulations determined by microarray analysis should unveil genes driving tumor invasion. These newly identified targets will be further characterized and regulated to manipulate the behaviour of BTICs.
Abstract 476: Mammary tumors in lipocalin-2 deficient MMTV-PyVT mice grow faster but show decreased metastasis to lung
Authors: Heiman Chow, Pengcheng Fan, Aimin Xu, Wen Laun Wendy Hsiao, Yu Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Lipocalin-2, an iron and lipid binding glycoprotein, has been previously found to be abnormally expressed in malignant human cancers. In the present study, MMTV-polyomavirus middle T antigen (MMTV-PyVT) transgenic mice, with reduced or depleted lipocalin-2 expressions were established, for evaluating the stromal effects of lipocalin-2 deficiency on mammary tumor development. When compared to MMTV-PyVT control mice, lacking of lipocalin-2 delayed tumor onset but promoted the rate of tumor progression. However, lipocalin-2 deficiency led to a significantly reduced tumor metastasis to lungs. Mechanistic studies revealed that there was a reduced level of 12-Hydroxyeicosatetrenoate (12-HETE), a lipoxygenase metabolite positively related to tumor cell metastatic potential, in the tumor lysates of lipocalin-2 deficient mice. Replacement with lipocalin-2 by adenovirus based overexpression approach enhances mammary tumor metastasis through selectively upregulating the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway. Our findings, on the one hand support previous findings that lipocalin-2 is a pro-oncogenic factor in breast tumor development; on the other hand, the results also suggest that apart from its effect on matrix metalloproteinase activity, lipocalin-2 exacerbates tumorigenesis and metastasis through disrupting the lipid homeostasis in the tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 476.
Simultaneous Demonstration of Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Functional Femoral-Femoral Graft
Authors: ZAHIDE ERKMEN, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A 74-year-old woman underwent a femoral to femoral bypass graft. The next day, she passed bright red blood per rectum. A radiolabeled RBC study was performed. The examination showed a bleeding site in the upper small intestine and the patency of the newly established graft.
Cushing's Disease
Authors: Oliver Cope, John W. Raker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

IN his classic monograph on the pituitary gland published in 1912 Harvey Cushing1 described the case of a young woman with a disorder that has come to bear his name. The patient suffered from headaches and backache. She was obese about the head, neck and trunk, but her extremities were thin. Her back was bent over, her complexion was florid, and she suffered from hirsutism, amenorrhea and diabetes. He suggested that the disease was in some way related to the pituitary gland but also recognized that the adrenal glands might be involved because he found at least 1 similar case . . .
Virtual gastroscopy for the evaluation of stomach malignancy
Authors: Ming Li, Xiu-Li Zuo, Yan-Qing Li
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

A 50-year-old woman presented with an 18-month history of nonprogressive dysphagia, early satiety, weight loss, and an aversion to greasy food. Physical examination revealed an old 20-cm scar on her right thorax following treatment for breast carcinoma, for which she had undergone radical mastectomy and chemotherapy 7 years previously. Conventional endoscopy (EG-2990Zi, 11.4-mm diameter; Pentax, Tokyo, Japan) failed because of the narrowness of the esophagus. Subsequent double-contrast total gastrointestinal examination confirmed the narrowing of the esophagus between the level of the aortic arch and the cardia with a smooth internal surface ([Fig. 1]), as well as stomach stiffness. An ultraslim endoscope (EG-1540; Pentax) passed snugly through the narrowed area allowing a deep biopsy to be taken from the gastric body. Immunostaining of the biopsy gave the following results: estrogen receptor (ER)+; progesterone receptor (PR)+; carcinoma antigen (CA) 15 – 3+; cytokeratin (CK) 20−; and focal gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP)+/−, consistent with metastatic linitis plastica from a primary breast carcinoma.
Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, in combination with docetaxel for recurrent/refractory NSCLC: A phase I study
Authors: F. R. Khuri, R. D. Harvey, N. F. Saba, T. K. Owonikoko, J. Kauh, D. M. Shin, S. Y. Sun, K. M. Browning, M. Tighiouart, S. S. Ramalingam
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

8060 Background: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a key cell-signaling cascade that is aberrantly activated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Everolimus (E), an mTOR inhibitor, is active as monotherapy for advanced NSCLC. Based on preclinical synergy between everolimus and docetaxel (D), we conducted a phase I and feasibility study with the combination. Methods: Patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC, progression following prior platinum-based chemotherapy and ECOG performance status (PS) of 0–2 were eligible. Sequential cohorts of patients were treated with increasing doses of D (day 1) and E (PO QD, days 1–19). Treatment cycles (C) were repeated every 3 weeks. A standard ‘up and down’ dose escalation scheme was utilized. The primary endpoint was determination of optimal dose of the two agents that can be administered in combination. Results: Twenty three patients were enrolled. Median age - 62 yrs; Females- 11; ECOG PS: 0–6; 1 -16; # of prior regimens: 1–12, 2–6, ≥3 -5. At dose level 1 (D- 60 mg/m 2 , E- 5mg), none of 6 patients had DLT. Four out of 12 patients at dose level 2 (D-75 mg/m 2 , E-5 mg) had fever with gr 3/4 neutropenia during cycle 1. At dose level 3 (D- 75 mg/m 2 , E- 7.5 mg), 2 of 3 pts had DLT (fever with neutropenia and grade 3 mucositis). Pharmacokinetic (PK) sampling was performed on days 1 (n=14), 8 (n=9), and 15 (n=10) of cycle 1. Mean E half-life (hr) on days 1, 8, and 15 were 9.66 (2–14), 12.6 (2.2–21.1), and 14.8 (2–21.2), respectively. E accumulation occurred and was greater than expected. In contrast to the mean predicted accumulation factor (R) based on AUC of 1.22 (1–1.44), actual R on day 8 and 15 were 1.78 (0.72–3.17) and 1.88 (0.37–3.3) respectively. Among 20 pts. evaluable for response, 1 had a partial response and 10 had disease stabilization. Six patients completed 6 cycles of combination therapy and continued on E as maintenance. Conclusions: The recommended doses of docetaxel and everolimus that can be administered as a combination are 60 mg/m 2 and 5 mg PO QD respectively. The PK characteristics of everolimus appear unaffected by co-administration with docetaxel. Promising anti-cancer activity was noted with clinical benefit in 55% of the pts. A phase II study has been initiated with the combination in refractory NSCLC. Supported by NCI 5 P01 CA116676. [Table: see text]
Abstract LB-145: Folliculin interacts with p0071 (Plakophilin-4) and deficiency is associated with disordered RhoA signalling, epithelial polarization and cytokinesis
Authors: Mike S. Nahorski, Laurence Seabra, Ania Straatman-Iwanowska, Aileen Wingenfeld, Anne Reiman, Xiaohong Lu, Paul Gissen, Mechthild Hatzfeld, Eamonn Maher
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Inherited mutations in the folliculin gene (FLCN) cause the Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome of familial hair follicle tumours (fibrofolliculomas), lung cysts and kidney tumours. Though folliculin has features of a tumour suppressor, the precise function of the FLCN gene product is not well characterised. We identified plakophilin-4 (PKP4, p0071) as a potential novel folliculin interacting protein by yeast-2-hybrid analysis. We confirmed the interaction of folliculin with p0071 by co-immunoprecipitation studies and, in view of previous studies linking p0071 to regulation of rho-signalling, cytokinesis and intercellular junction formation, we investigated the effect of cell folliculin status on p0071-related functions. Folliculin and p0071 partially colocalised at cell junctions and in mitotic cells, at the midbody during cytokinesis. Previously, p0071 has been reported to regulate RhoA signalling during cytokinesis and we found that folliculin deficiency was associated with increased expression and activity of RhoA and evidence of disordered cytokinesis. Treatment of folliculin deficient cells with a downstream inhibitor of RhoA signalling (the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632) reversed the increased cell migration phenotype observed in folliculin deficient cells. Deficiency of folliculin and of p0071 resulted in tight junction defects and mislocalisation of E-cadherin in IMCD-3 renal tubular cells. These findings suggest that aspects of folliculin tumour suppressor function are linked to interaction with p0071 and regulation of RhoA signalling. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-145. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-145
ERCP and EPT: Italian Experience
Authors: A. Montori, G. Viceconte, G. Viceconte, G. Bogliolo
Journal: Endoscopy (1979)

The use of endoscopy has had a satisfactory development in Italy and today at least 70% of Italian hospitals have a fiberscope. Most of the examinations performed are in the diagnosis of diseases of the oesophagus, stomach or duodenum, whilst only a small percentage are represented by coloscopy which is usually carried out in specialized units. One of the examinations, that is most rarely performed, is ERCP, even if some hospitals have a duodenoscope suitable for catheterization of the papilla of Vater. Regardless of the fact that the usefulness of this method has been recognized and that positive results are being reported from various centres throughout the world, ERCP in Italy is performed by very few endoscopists and only in very highly specialized centres. In Rome, for example, ERCP is performed only in our Centre of Digestive Endoscopy which furthermore has the only important experience in Italy in endoscopic papillo-sphincterotomy (EPT); this type of operation has, in fact, so far been carried out only in a very limited number of patients, in a few other endoscopy units.
Comparison of a Quantitative Treadmill Exercise Score with Standard Electrocardiographic Criteria in Screening Asymptomatic Young Men for Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Milton Hollenberg, Jerel M. Zoltick, Mateo Go, Sandra F. Yaney, William Daniels, Richard C. Davis, Julius L. Bedynek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Comparison of a Quantitative Treadmill Exercise Score with Standard Electrocardiographic Criteria in Screening Asymptomatic Young Men for Coronary Artery Disease
Spain's largest healthcare privatisation plan is halted
Authors: A. Garcia Rada
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The government of the autonomous community of Madrid has had to call off its plans to privatise six hospitals and 27 primary care centres,1 in the face of widespread protests and strikes in the region.2 The move would have affected 5000 health workers and 1.2 million citizens.

The regional president and leader of the conservative People’s Party in Madrid, Ignacio Gonzalez, also announced at a press conference on …
Displaced Urinary Bladder Creating an Unusual Pattern on Bone Scan Mimicking Disease
Authors: A. N. AL NAEEM, J. POWE, S. BAKHEET, A. H. ELGAZZAR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

The authors describe a case of a bone scan in which a large intrapelvic tumor that occupied the middle and left side of the pelvis displaced the urinary bladder superolaterally to the right side. The pattern of pelvic uptake 3 hours after injection was unusual, mimicking a tumor or heterotopic bone formation. Subsequent 20-hour delayed imaging and blood-flow and blood-pool images helped clarify the nature of the uptake pattern as secondary to a displaced urinary bladder. This was confirmed subsequently by CT and MRI studies. The urinary bladder is known to mimic real disease on bone scans. Significant displacement of the urinary bladder should be considered when bone scans are interpreted, particularly in patients with pelvic or peripelvic tumors.
ASSESSMENT OF INTER-CHAMBER FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS IN SEVERE PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION USING SIMULTANEOUS STRAIN MEASUREMENTS IN FOUR CARDIAC CHAMBERS
Authors: Amita Singh, Kanako Kishiki, Francesco Maffessanti, Mardi Gomberg-Maitland, Victor Mor-Avi, Roberto Lang, Karima Addetia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
UK experience of proton pump inhibitor related interstitial nephritis
Authors: N. Gounaris-Shannon, J. Benning, M. Delaney, A. F. Muller
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> We have previously highlighted the association between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and allergic-type acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) as a cause of kidney injury.1 The current study was designed to assess the UK experience of this condition by Consultant Nephrologists both within the past 12 months and lifetime experience and compare this to cases reported to the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, MHRA. <h3>Methods</h3> UK nephrologists, identified from British Renal Society workforce planning database and membership lists from the UK Renal Association, were asked to respond to a specific questionnaire asking of their experience of PPI induced AIN in the 12 month period January – December 2009 and lifetime experience. Since responses were received from more than one consultant in each renal unit, the highest number of cases reported by one individual from each unit was recorded to minimise potential for duplication. The MHRA Drug Analysis Prints were analysed for each of the PPI drugs available2 to identify how many cases had been reported over the same timescale. <h3>Results</h3> Results were obtained from a total of 56 UK renal units and are summarised in table 1. The UK experience of PPI associated AIN in the 12 month period of 2009 was larger than the total number of cases reported to the MRHA since PPI9s were introduced in the 1980s. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Although Gastroenterologists are largely unfamiliar with this complication of PPIs, the experience of UK Nephrologists would suggest that it is a more common side effect than had previously been appreciated and that unsurprisingly the number of cases reported to the MRHA represents a significant under reporting of the problem. Gastroenterologists reviewing patients treated with PPIs with troublesome but perhaps non-specific symptoms or in whom there is evidence of abnormal or declining kidney function should consider PPIs as a possible cause.