tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inapparent Carriers of Simian Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Type D Retrovirus and Disease Transmission With Saliva&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: N W Lerche, K G Osborn, P A Marx, S Prahalada, D H Maul, L J Lowenstine, R J Munn, M L Bryant, R V Henrickson, L O Arthur
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (SAIDS) type D retrovirus (SRV) was isolated from saliva, urine, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a 6-year-old healthy rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) seronegative for antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type I, HTLV type III, and simian T-lymphotropic virus type III (STLV-III), identified as an inapparent SAIDS carrier in retrospective epidemiologic studies. This animal was linked to 34 cases of SAIDS over a 3-year period. Two juvenile rhesus monkeys inoculated iv with the SRV-containing saliva from this carrier became persistently infected with the retrovirus and developed SAIDS after 4-6 weeks. Both animals seroconverted to SRV, but neither had detectable preinoculation or postinoculation antibodies against HTLV type I, HTLV type III, or STLV-III. One of these animals died of SAIDS with disseminated cytomegalovirus infection after 24 weeks, and the other remains alive with persistent SRV viremia, generalized lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly after a transient immunosuppression. Major clinical and pathological features associated with the newly described STLV-III were not observed. SRV was subsequently identified in saliva of 2 additional healthy carriers as well as monkeys with SAIDS. The findings of a carrier state in SAIDS and evidence for saliva transmission of the probable causative virus further support the usefulness of this animal model of nononcogenic immunosuppressive retroviral disease.
Activation of the pluripotency factor OCT4 in smooth muscle cells is atheroprotective
Authors: Olga A Cherepanova, Delphine Gomez, Laura S Shankman, Pamela Swiatlowska, Jason Williams, Olga F Sarmento, Gabriel F Alencar, Daniel L Hess, Melissa H Bevard, Elizabeth S Greene, Meera Murgai, Stephen D Turner, Yong-Jian Geng, Stefan Bekiranov, Jessica J Connelly, Alexey Tomilin, Gary K Owens
Journal: Nature Medicine (2016)
13-cis-retinoic acid in myelodysplastic syndromes.
Authors: B R Greenberg, A C Buzaid, F L Meyskens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1986)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1986.4.8.1282 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3525772 13-cis-retinoic acid in myelodysplastic syndromes. B R GreenbergxB R GreenbergSearch for articles by this author , A C BuzaidxA C BuzaidSearch for articles by this author , F L Meyskens JrxF L Meyskens JrSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1986.4.8.1282 PDF "13-cis-retinoic acid in myelodysplastic syndromes.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 4(8), p. 1282© 1986 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Abstract P1-06-07: Msi1 in maintaining breast cancer stem cell involves the AKT/PI3K pathway
Authors: GR Nahas, GA Sinha, LS Sherman, ND Walker, P Rameshwar
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Musashi1 (Msi1) was originally described in neural stem cells in a role influencing neural differentiation in the Numb/Notch pathway. Due to its role in neural stem cells, there has been much interest in the role of Msi1 in the breast cancer (BC) stem cell population. In this vein, with we have demonstrated a possible feedback loop between the stem cell marker OCT4 and Msi1, in addition to other stem cell-associated genes. Flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that the subset of BC cells (BCCs) that we previously identified as those with high Oct4 was also enriched for Msi1. Msi1 knockdown BCCs showed decreased doubling time and with limited ability to be passaged, indicating the loss of the self-renewal subset needed for cell passaging. These in vitro findings were consistent with the inability of the Msi1 knockdown BCCs to undergo serial passages in vivo. We therefore examined the Msi1 knockdown BCCs for intracellular proteins that could explain the reduced cell growth and the reduced initiating cells. We selected the AKT/PI3K pathway due to its recent connection to the maintenance of BC stem cells. Msi1 knockdown repressed several molecules within the AKT/PI3K pathway: PTEN, AKT, and PI3K. There were no significant differences found however, in the apoptotic factors, BCL-2 and Caspase-3. Upon further investigation, we observed increases in molecules that are linked to decreased cell proliferation and senescence, p16, p53 and p21. Since Msi1 is an RNA binding protein, it is possible that its loss could leave RNAs for binding to miRNAs and this might be partly responsible for the decrease in key intracellular molecules needed for the survival and proliferation of the Msi1 knockdown BCCs. Further studies are needed to investigate how miRNAs and Msi1 interact to maintain the survival of BCCs. Finally, Msi1 KD positively affects the expression of the immune checkpoint inhibitor PD-1L, suggesting increased PD-1L expression in cells that are not of the CSC phenotype. The studies may identify Msi1 or its associated molecules as a potential therapeutic intervention for BC. Citation Format: Nahas GR, Sinha GA, Sherman LS, Walker ND, Rameshwar P. Msi1 in maintaining breast cancer stem cell involves the AKT/PI3K pathway. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-06-07.
The clinical significance of the morphological subdivision of diffuse "histiocytic" lymphoma: a study of 162 patients treated by the Southwest Oncology Group
Authors: BN Nathwani, DO Dixon, SE Jones, RJ Hartsock, JW Rebuck, GE Jr Byrne, WW Sheehan, H Kim, CA Jr Coltman, H Rappaport
Journal: Blood (1982)
Abstract IA01: Divergent transcription and long noncoding RNA in cancer
Authors: Phillip A. Sharp
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract The processes of divergent transcription and RNA splicing control the synthesis of many long noncoding RNAs in mammalian cells. These RNAs could facilitate the binding of transcription factors and other complexes thus enhancing transcription of genes. Their existence suggests that nuclear RNA forms connectivity for location of regulatory complexes in cells. These probably change during the transformation process, perhaps accounting for some of the concordant changes in gene expression. Citation Format: Phillip A. Sharp. Divergent transcription and long noncoding RNA in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer: Mechanisms to Medicines ; 2015 Dec 4-7; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA01.
Global life expectancy increases by five years
Authors: Anne Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Global life expectancy has increased by five years since 2000, the fastest increase since the 1960s, according to new data published by WHO.1

Global life expectancy for children born in 2015 was 71.4 years, but there were stark differences between countries. The report showed that newborns in 29 countries—all of them high income—had an average life expectancy of 80 years or more, while newborns in 22 others—all of them in sub-Saharan Africa—had life expectancies of less than 60 years.

Japan had the highest life expectancy in the world with 83.7 years for both sexes, followed by Switzerland with 83.4 years, and Singapore, 83.1. The lowest life expectancy in …
Minimal Treatment of Low-Risk, Pediatric Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Burton E. Appel, Lu Chen, Allen B. Buxton, Robert E. Hutchison, David C. Hodgson, Peter F. Ehrlich, Louis S. Constine, Cindy L. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

Children's Oncology Group study AHOD03P1 was designed to determine whether excellent outcomes can be maintained for patients with low-risk, pediatric lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (LPHL) with a strategy of resection alone or minimal chemotherapy.Patients with stage IA LPHL in a single node that was completely resected were observed without further therapy; recurrences were treated with three cycles of doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone/cyclophosphamide (AV-PC). Patients with unresected stage IA or stage IIA LPHL were treated with three cycles of AV-PC. Patients with less than a complete response (CR) to AV-PC received 21-Gy involved-field radiation therapy (IFRT).A total of 183 eligible patients were enrolled; 178 were evaluable. Of these, 52 patients underwent complete resection of a single node. There were 13 relapses at a median of 11.5 months; 5-year event-free survival (EFS) was 77% (range, 62% to 87%). A total of 135 patients received AV-PC; 126 were treated at diagnosis and nine at relapse after surgery alone. Eleven patients receiving AV-PC had less than CR and received IFRT. Fourteen first events occurred among 135 patients (12 relapses and two second malignancies). Two relapses occurred in patients who had received IFRT. Five-year EFS was 88.8% (95% CI, 81.8% to 93.2%). Five-year EFS for the entire cohort was 85.5% (95% CI, 79.2% to 90.1%); overall survival was 100%.Some 75% of highly selected pediatric patients with LPHL may be spared chemotherapy after surgical resection alone. Pediatric LPHL has excellent EFS with chemotherapy that is less intensive than standard regimens; > 90% of patients can avoid radiation therapy. The salvage rate for the few relapses is high, with 100% survival overall.
Reinstatement of the concept of the unconscious in the Soviet Union
Authors: L Chertok
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

The author reports on a symposium on the concept of the unconscious held in Tbilisi, U.S.S.R., in October 1979 to which Western scientists, including psychoanalysts, were invited. He provides a brief historical review of Soviet psychology, then describes the more recent emergence of two distinct groups--"psychologists" and "antipsychologists." The "psychologists" are aware of the need for improved understanding of unconscious motivations; the "antipsychologists" maintain the physiology-oriented tradition of Pavlov. The author contrasts current Soviet views of the unconscious with those of Freud and his followers and provides an up-to-date report on current Soviet attitudes through January 1981.
With a serene face
Authors: Ramaswamy Akhileswaran
Journal: BMJ (2005)

An 82 year old Chinese woman, a Buddhist, with a recurrent carcinoma of the stomach had been cared for by our hospice home care team for two months. On 8 August, she complained of increased pain in her back, and her condition had deteriorated considerably. After a discussion with her daughter, a Catholic nun working as a hospice nurse, we decided to give her morphine every six hours instead of simply increasing …
Self-induced water intoxication treated with group psychotherapy
Authors: R C Millson, A P Smith, A B Koczapski, M I Cook, T L Kragelj, W B Glackman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

The authors conducted a controlled, prospective 4-month study of 10 male inpatients with chronic schizophrenia and polydipsia. The five men who were treated with group psychotherapy drank significantly less fluid than the five men not given this therapy. The effect of group psychotherapy quickly dissipated in the follow-up period, indicating the need for ongoing treatment.
Glucose and Lactate Utilization by Myeloblasts and Erythroblasts of Avian Viral Leukemias&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Caroline Becker, G. S. Beaudreau, J. W. Beard
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1959)

Studies were made of the quantitative aspects of glucose utilization and evolution of lactate in short-term tissue cultures of avian myeloblasts and erythroblasts. The rate of glucose utilization by erythroblasts was somewhat greater on the basis of cell unit than that of myeloblasts. Metabolic activity of the erythroblasts resulted in a large accumulation of lactate in the culture fluid. In contrast, there was no such accumulation in the preparations of myeloblasts exhibiting the capacity to utilize lactate, not only from the glucose taken up, but from large amounts of lactate in the medium. The phenomenon, under the experimental conditions, was independent of the relative concentrations of glucose and lactate in the medium. Control experiments showed that the activity of red blood cells did not contribute significantly to these results. The same principles of the behavior of myeloblasts and erythroblasts were observed in studies on whole blood from chickens with the diseases. Investigation of the various systems by the Warburg technique yielded no evidence, through measurements of oxygen consumption and CO2 evolution, of the difference between oxidative activities of myeloblasts and those of erythroblasts. Results have thus revealed profound differences between two types of blood cells infected with different, though related, strains of avian leukosis virus. In addition, the metabolic behavior of myeloblasts is at considerable variance from that of other malignant cells. The influence of the findings with myeloblasts on the concept that malignancy is induced by respiratory damage is discussed.
P0332 : Gene alterations in tert promoter, CTNNB1, and TP53 are closely associated with development and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: Comprehensive analyses by next generation sequencing technology
Authors: Y. Asahina, F. Kawai-Kitahata, S. Kaneko, H. Nagata, F. Goto, S. Otani, M. Taniguchi, M. Murakawa, S. Nitta, T. Watanabe, M. Tasaka-Fujita, Y. Nishimura-Sakurai, Y. Itsui, M. Nakagawa, S. Azuma, S. Kakinuma, S. Tanaka, M. Tanabe, N. Enomoto, M. Watanabe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Abstract B13: Eradication of neuroblastoma by suppressing the expression of a single long noncoding RNA
Authors: Pei Y. Liu, Andrew E. Tee, Bernard Atmadibrata, Pieter Mestdagh, Jo Vandesompele, Marcel Dinger, Tao Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Neuroblastoma is the most common solid tumour in early childhood, and accounts for approximately 15% of all childhood cancer death. N-Myc gene amplification occurs in one quarter to one third of human neuroblastoma tissues, and the majority of patient with neuroblastoma due to N-Myc gene amplification die of the disease. We performed RNA sequencing experiments, and identified 5 transcripts, including RP1X, which were considerably differentially expressed between N-Myc gene amplified and non-amplified human neuroblastoma cell lines. Affymetrix microarray studies revealed that DEPDC was one of the few genes considerably down-regulated in neuroblastoma cells after RP1X depletion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that knocking-down RP1X expression reduced histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation, a marker for active gene transcription, at the DEPDC gene promoter. Depletion of RP1X or DEPDC significantly reduced ERK protein phosphorylation, N-Myc protein phosphorylation at Serine 62, N-Myc protein stabilization, neuroblastoma cell proliferation and survival. Clonogenic assays showed that knocking-down RP1X with doxycycline completely abolished colony formation capacity of neuroblastoma cells stably transfected with doxycycline-inducible RP1X shRNA. Importantly, treatment with doxycycline in mice xenografted with neuroblastoma cells stably transfected with doxycycline-inducible RP1X shRNA, led to tumour eradication. In human neuroblastoma tissues from 600 neuroblastoma patients, high levels of RP1X gene expression correlated with DEPDC gene expression and poor patient prognosis. In conclusion, this study identifies the novel long noncoding RNA RP1X as an important regulator of N-Myc protein stability and neuroblastoma tumourigenesis. Citation Format: Pei Y. Liu, Andrew E. Tee, Bernard Atmadibrata, Pieter Mestdagh, Jo Vandesompele, Marcel Dinger, Tao Liu. Eradication of neuroblastoma by suppressing the expression of a single long noncoding RNA. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer: Mechanisms to Medicines ; 2015 Dec 4-7; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B13.
A Graded-Response Assay for the Friend Leukemia Virus
Authors: Wallace P. Rowe, M.D., Isadore Brodsky, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1959)

In Swiss mice inoculated intravenously with the Friend mouse leukemia virus, the mean log spleen weight at an arbitrary time after infection was a function of log virus dose. The dose-response function was S-shaped, with an upper shoulder or a plateau at high doses of virus, a linear phase, and a lower plateau with low doses of virus. Fitting of regression lines to the linear phase and calculation of the virus dosage corresponding to spleen-weight response of 500 mg. permitted reproducible quantitation of the agent. This procedure permits reasonable estimates of virus titer to be made on the basis of spleen-weight response to a single dilution of virus.
CRFR1 in AgRP Neurons Modulates Sympathetic Nervous System Activity to Adapt to Cold Stress and Fasting
Authors: Yael Kuperman, Meira Weiss, Julien Dine, Katy Staikin, Ofra Golani, Assaf Ramot, Tali Nahum, Claudia Kühne, Yair Shemesh, Wolfgang Wurst, Alon Harmelin, Jan M. Deussing, Matthias Eder, Alon Chen
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2016)

Signaling by the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 (CRFR1) plays an important role in mediating the autonomic response to stressful challenges. Multiple hypothalamic nuclei regulate sympathetic outflow. Although CRFR1 is highly expressed in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) of the hypothalamus, the identity of these neurons and the role of CRFR1 here are presently unknown. Our studies show that nearly half of Arc-CRFR1 neurons coexpress agouti-related peptide (AgRP), half of which originate from POMC precursors. Arc-CRFR1 neurons are innervated by CRF neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, and CRF application decreases AgRP(+)CRFR1(+) neurons' excitability. Despite similar anatomy in both sexes, only female mice selectively lacking CRFR1 in AgRP neurons showed a maladaptive thermogenic response to cold and reduced hepatic glucose production during fasting. Thus, CRFR1, in a subset of AgRP neurons, plays a regulatory role that enables appropriate sympathetic nervous system activation and consequently protects the organism from hypothermia and hypoglycemia.
Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: Franz J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Ten years ago, Dr. Joseph Garland's final report of the editor surveyed the trends and events that marked the score of years during which he directed the affairs of the Journal. In following his example, I shall attempt a similar survey of the decade of my editorship.Although this summary will emphasize changes that have taken place since the Garland regime, it is notable that the basic character of the Journal has been maintained for nearly 50 years, reflecting the high value that the Journal's editors have placed on maintaining traditions that have gradually developed since the first issue . . .
Evaluation of a Volumetric Method for Measuring Growth of HeLa Cells&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: K. S. Pilcher, Patricia Buckley
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1959)

A method for measuring the growth of HeLa cells in metric units of volume is described, and its inherent error is analyzed and compared with that of a modified cell-counting method. The volumetric method was less time consuming and tedious, and more samples could be measured per day. The method was found convenient and practical in experiments concerning the nutrition of HeLa cells. This method probably can be applied to measurements of growth in other cell lines.
Abstract 9793: Pcsk9 Loss-of-function Variants, Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke: Data From the REGARDS Study and CHARGE Consortium
Authors: Shia T Kent, Robert S Rosenson, Christy L Avery, Adolfo Correa, Steven R Cummings, Adrienne Cupples, Mary Cushman, Daniel S Evans, Vilmundur Gudnason, Tamara B Harris, George Howard, Marguerite R Irvin, Suzanne E Judd, J. W Jukema, Leslie Lange, Emily B Levitan, Xiaohui Li, Yongmei Liu, Iris Postmus, Bruce M Psaty, Jerome I Rotter, Monika M Safford, Colleen M Sitlani, Albert V Smith, James D Stewart, Stella Trompet, Fangui Sun, Ramachandran S Vasan, J M Woolley, Eric A Whitsel, Keri L Wiggins, James G Wilson, Paul Muntner
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: PCSK9 loss-of-function variants are associated with reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations. Genetic association studies of PCSK9 loss-of-function variants allow for the examination of the effects of lifetime low LDL-C on cardiovascular outcomes. Hypothesis: PCSK9 loss-of-function variants are associated with lower concentrations of LDL-C and reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Methods: We studied the association of PCSK9 loss-of-function Y142X and C679X nonsense variants (n=366; 2.1%) in 17,459 African Americans (AAs) and R46L missense variants (n=962; 3.1%) in 31,469 whites with LDL-C, CHD and stroke in the US-based REasons for Geographic And Racial Difference in Stroke (REGARDS) study and 8 cohorts in the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Consortium. We combined multivariable adjusted differences in LDL-C between participants with and without PCSK9 variants across studies using inverse-variance weighted fixed-effects models. We calculated unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) for associations between PCSK9 variants and incident CHD (851 events in AAs and 2,662 events in whites) and stroke (523 events in AAs and 1,660 events in whites) using pooled Mantel-Haenszel estimates with continuity correction factors. Results: In the pooled cohorts, PCSK9 variants were associated with 36 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 31, 40) lower LDL-C in AAs and 13 mg/dL (95% CI: 11, 16) lower LDL-C in whites. PCSK9 variants were associated with a pooled OR for CHD of 0.51 (95% CI: 0.28, 0.92) in AAs and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.63, 1.06) in whites. PCSK9 variants were not associated with incident stroke (OR=0.84 [95% CI: 0.48, 1.47] in AAs and OR=1.06 [95% CI: 0.80, 1.41] in whites). Conclusions: These results provide evidence that PCSK9 variants are associated with lifelong reduction in LDL-C and may lead to lower CHD risk, but no effect on stroke risk.
Man or machine in psychiatric diagnosis
Authors: G S Duckworth, H B Kedward
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

The authors describe the previous studies of the stability of psychiatric diagnoses over time that have found such diagnoses to be unreliable, stating that the assumptions underlying these studies have been tested and disproved. On the other hand, the use of standardized interview techniques and categorization by computer yield reliable symptom ratings and precise diagnoses. The authors discuss the importance of these findings to the selection of the most appropriate treatment modality for individual patients.