tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medicine and books: The Human Rights, Ethical and Moral Dimensions of Health Care: 120 Practical Case Studies
Authors: Neville W Goodman
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Ed Pierre Cuer, Jean-Pierre Massue

Council of Europe Publishing, from Stationery Office Bookshops, £30, pp 486

ISBN 928 713055 8

First impressions count. I have worries about xenotransplantation, so I turned to the index of this “aid to decision-making” and “tool in the teaching of ethics.” There isn’t one. The table of contents, which has no logical order that I could divine, lists organ transplants twice, but the pagination is wrong, and a three page slippage eventually becomes a 10 page slippage. Perhaps it is unfair to blame the authors for poor production, but first impressions of the contents are no better. There are three rather discursive and repetitive prefaces, by heads or directors of this and that in Europe. The second sentence of one of them is: “Human beings have human rights from the day they are born.” A simple oversight maybe, and my view is that humans do not have rights from conception, but discussions about ethics demand careful use of words. 

The authors, from various continental European countries and probably not writing in English, did not intend a book on philosophy; they intended a book directed to “all health care personnel ... and ... of course, to patients.” This is why there is a medical glossary, although some of the definitions are wrong and others include terms no less technical than the one being explained.

Is the assumption of familiarity with philosophical terms a reflection of the different attitudes towards philosophy in France (the book’s main origin) and Britain? On this side of the Channel, departments of philosophy have suffered more than most from the obsession with university research as product. In France philosophy questions in the baccalaureate are enthusiastically dissected in the newspapers. Not that all is well with French philosophy. The impressive sounding deep thoughts of some of the philosophers have turned out to have no substance (as Sokal and Bricmont’s recent Intellectual Impostures shows), and I wondered whether parts of the introductory chapters were evidence of their influence.

Which is a pity, because there is a place for a well constructed book of ethical problems which starts with an introductory framework that is then applied to examples of ethical difficulties in medicine and nursing. Even the rather odd presentation of each case from a number of viewpoints, including international law and five religious moralities, could be useful. Any revision needs to look at fewer and better problems (there is no question that a baby with Down’s syndrome and an imperforate anus cannot be left to die) and needs to discuss them at more length.
Electrical safety in the operating room
Authors: G R Adler
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract IA20: Quantifying patterns of tumor evolution
Authors: Florian Markowetz
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Cancer has long been understood as a somatic evolutionary process, but many details of tumor progression remain elusive. Here, I will talk about computational methods to infer evolutionary pathways leading to tumor heterogeneity. I will start by discussing how to quantify intra-patient heterogeneity by rigorous analysis of copy-number profiles from multiple patient samples. Using a study in ovarian cancer I will describe how summary statistics of phylogenetic quantification of genetic heterogeneity can predict patient survival. Then, I will present a probabilistic framework to reconstruct intra-tumor evolution from data obtained by bulk bisulfite sequencing of mixed tumor samples or single cell genomes. Our approach jointly estimates the number and composition of clones in the sample as well as the most likely tree connecting them. I will finish by describing ongoing work to reconstruct patterns of clonal evolution from single cell sequencing data. Citation Format: Florian Markowetz. Quantifying patterns of tumor evolution. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr IA20.
Evaluation of a Chlordiazepoxide, Theophylline, Ephedrine Combination in the Treatment of Bronchial Asthma
Authors: S BLOOM, H MARKOW
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Efficacy of vonoprazan-based second-line<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>eradication therapy in patients for whom vonoprazan-based ﬁrst-line treatment failed
Authors: Yasumi Katayama, Kouji Toyoda, Yuumi Kusano, Toshikuni Suda, Shogo Adachi, Itsuo Terauchi, Shigeki Oka, Morio Takahashi, Masaya Tamano
Journal: Gut (2016)

We read with great interest the article by Murakami et al ,1 who performed a randomised, double-blinded study of vonoprazan-based Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) eradication therapy. They showed high success rates for vonoprazan-based first-line and second-line H. pylori treatments, with eradication rates of 92.6% and 98%, respectively. However, the study populations of second-line therapy included patients for whom both lansoprazole-based and vonoprazan-based first-line treatments failed, and those for whom vonoprazan-based first-line therapy failed numbered only 14. In terms of second-line therapy, we think that the eradication rate in patients for whom vonoprazan-based first-line therapy failed is more important.

We conducted …
Abstract 19087: Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus is not an Independent Predictor of Mortality in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Gurpreet S Johal, Abdul H Qazi, Preetham Reddy, John A House, Michael L Main
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an independent predictor of mortality. It is hypothesized that an increase in mortality in patients with AF is due to the presence of a thrombus in the left atrial appendage (LAA). However, data supporting this is limited. The purpose of this study was to determine if the presence of a LAA thrombus in patients with AF is associated with an increase in all cause mortality and whether or not it is an independent predictor of mortality. Methods: A total of 2918 patients with AF underwent trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE) prior to cardioversion at a tertiary care hospital from 1999 to 2012. Subjects with history of a LAA ligation or resection, rheumatic heart disease, cardiac transplant, watchman device, and prosthetic valve were excluded. Patients who had multiple TEE studies, only the first TEE study was included. Subjects were then classified based on presence or absence of a LAA thrombus and followed for all cause mortality. Results: Of the 1900 patients included, 146 (7.7%) were found to have a LAA thrombus. Kaplan Meier mortality analysis showed a significantly higher all cause mortality rate in patients with a LAA thrombus (n=67, 45.9%) compared to those without a LAA thrombus (n=458, 26.1%) (p&lt;0.0001). Multivariate analysis confirmed that a LAA thrombus is not predictive of independent mortality (hazard ratio (HR), 1.079; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.823-1.415; p=0.58). The greater mortality is attributable to age (p&lt;0.001), congestive heart failure (p&lt;0.001), stroke (p&lt;0.001), diabetes mellitus (p=0.0015), vascular disease (p=0.0119), ischemic cardiomyopathy (p=0.0218), pulmonary disease (p&lt;0.001), dyslipidemia (p=0.0178), and chronic kidney disease (p&lt;0.001). Data was reassessed considering the possibility that thrombus size was the cause of this increase in mortality; however, that was also shown not to be an independent predictor of mortality (HR, 1.085; 95% CI, 0.9-1.308; p=0.393). Conclusion: In a large cohort of patients with AF undergoing TEE prior to cardioversion, we concluded that the presence of a thrombus in the LAA was associated with a higher degree of mortality. However, after adjusting for coexisting conditions it was found not to be an independent predictor of mortality.
Treatment outcomes for older women with advanced ovarian cancer: Results from a phase III clinical trial (GOG182).
Authors: W. P. Tew, J. Java, D. Chi, A. Menzin, J. L. Lovecchio, M. A. Bookman, S. M. Lichtman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

5030 Background: GOG182 proved that the incorporation of a third cytotoxic agent to carboplatin and paclitaxel (C+P) did not improve overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS) for patients (pts) with advanced-stage epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) after a cytoreduction surgery (Bookman, JCO, 2009). We will characterize the outcome and toxicity differences seen in pts 70 yrs and older enrolled on this phase III trial. Methods: Pts with stages III/IV disease were stratified by coordinating center, residual tumor and intent for interval cytoreduction. Pts were randomly assigned among 5 arms that incorporated gemcitabine, liposomal doxorubicin or topotecan compared with C+P. The primary end point was OS, determined by pairwise comparison to C+P arm. Pts’ characteristics, treatment compliance, toxicities and clinical outcomes were compared between the pts ≥ 70 yrs and < 70 yrs. Results: Of 3,686 eligible pts, median age was 59 yrs and 620 pts (16.8%) were ≥ 70 yrs. Older pts were distributed equally across the 5 arms. Older pts had poorer performance status (p < 0.001), higher tumor grade differentiation (p = 0.001), higher rates of serous histology (86% vs. 82%), lower completion rates of all 8 cycles (72% vs. 82%, p < 0.001) and increased toxicities: G3-4 thrombocytopenia (51% vs 43%), G3-4 neutropenia (70% vs. 64%), G3-4 pain (7.4% vs. 4.9%) and G2-4 hepatic (7.2% vs. 4.2%). GCSF was used more often among older pts. For pts on standard arm (C+P), 36% older pts reported ≥ G2 peripheral neuropathy (vs. 20% younger pts). Although the difference in median time to disease progression was only one month (15 vs.16 months, p = 0.015), older pts had a significantly shorter survival (median OS: 37 vs. 45 months, p < 0.001), consistent across all regimens and adjusted for major prognostic factors. Older pts had more noncancer deaths (13% vs. 7%, p < 0.001) and lower median survival after recurrence (19 vs. 22 months, p = 0.022). Conclusions: Age (≥ 70 yrs) is associated with lower completion rates of all 8 cycles, shorter survival and increased toxicity, particularly cytopenias and neuropathy. An analysis of surgical variables is in progress. Age-specific prospective trials are urgently needed. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, Lilly, Novartis, sanofi-aventis
Asymptomatic large main pulmonary artery thromboembolism with a low-probability ventilation-perfusion lung scan.
Authors: A. CIVELEK, ERIC WANG, LINDA BARR, BRUCE URBAN, JOHN ENG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

The incidence of the interpretation of low-probability lung scans in asymptomatic patients with large central pulmonary embolisms and the prognostic implication of the ventilation-perfusion scan appearance in this clinical setting is not documented.
Cerebral Ischemia Due to Extracranial Vertebral Artery Occlusion
Authors: C A HARDIN
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P5-12-08: Time course of changes in serum FSH, serum estradiol, and menstruation in premenopausal patients with breast cancer taking tamoxifen after completing chemotherapy: A report from the ASTRRA study
Authors: HJ Kim, SH Ahn, SJ Nam, SH Park, JS Ro, SA Im, YS Jung, WC Noh
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract BACKGROUND Ovarian suppression with tamoxifen after chemotherapy is a promising therapeutic approach, particularly in young, high-risk breast cancer patients. Assessment of restoration of ovarian function is important with respect to the initiation of ovarian suppression. METHODS In total, 1289 women who remained or resumed premenopausal status after chemotherapy were randomized to receive 5 years of tamoxifen or 5 years of tamoxifen plus 2 years of ovarian suppression. Prospectively collected hormone data were available for 24 months after completing chemotherapy for 267 breast cancer patients without ovarian suppression. RESULTS At 6 months, a premenopausal status was identified in 56.6%, 36%, and 16.2% of patients using serum FSH, E2, and with menstruation bleeding, respectively, and about 30% more women achieved ovarian restoration using all three parameters during the 24-month follow-up. Ovarian function restoration differed significantly according to age group (log-rank, P&amp;lt;0.001 for all definitions). At 6 months, the distribution of patients according to hormone levels was as follows: group 1 (FSH &amp;lt;30 mIU/ml, E2 &amp;gt;20 pg/ml), 28.0%; group 2 (FSH &amp;lt;30 mIU/ml, E2 ≤20 pg/ml), 28.4%; group 3 (FSH ≥30 mIU/ml, E2 &amp;gt;20 pg/ml), 8.0%; and group 4 (FSH ≥30 mIU/ml, E2 ≤20 pg/ml), 35.6%. During the 24-month follow-up, the prevalence of menstruation restoration was higher in group 1 (71.6%) than in the other three groups. Restoration of serum E2 and menstrual bleeding occurred in 44% and 33% of patients in group 2, respectively; the corresponding percentages in group 4 were 40.6% and 28.7% (P&amp;lt;0.001). CONCLUSIONS Ovarian function should be monitored using serum FSH, serum E2, and menstruation history for at least 24 months after completing chemotherapy during tamoxifen treatment to establish eligibility for ovarian suppression. Citation Format: Kim HJ, Ahn SH, Nam SJ, Park SH, Ro JS, Im SA, Jung YS, Noh WC. Time course of changes in serum FSH, serum estradiol, and menstruation in premenopausal patients with breast cancer taking tamoxifen after completing chemotherapy: A report from the ASTRRA study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-12-08.
Rapid increase of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in a large Italian hospital: surveillance period 1 March – 30 September 2010
Authors: P Gaibani, S Ambretti, A Berlingeri, F Gelsomino, A Bielli, M P Landini, V Sambri
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

The first case of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Italy was reported in 2009. We performed a study over a period of seven months in 2010 to survey the circulation of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPC) ina 1,500-bed university hospital in northern Italy and report the presence and rapid increase of these multidrug-resistant bacteria. The results raise a major concern about these pathogens and demonstrate the urgent need for infection control and antibiotic stewardship programmes.
Increased GVHD-related mortality with broad-spectrum antibiotic use after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in human patients and mice
Authors: Yusuke Shono, Melissa D. Docampo, Jonathan U. Peled, Suelen M. Perobelli, Enrico Velardi, Jennifer J. Tsai, Ann E. Slingerland, Odette M. Smith, Lauren F. Young, Jyotsna Gupta, Sophia R. Lieberman, Hillary V. Jay, Katya F. Ahr, Kori A. Porosnicu Rodriguez, Ke Xu, Marco Calarfiore, Hendrik Poeck, Silvia Caballero, Sean M. Devlin, Franck Rapaport, Jarrod A. Dudakov, Alan M. Hanash, Boglarka Gyurkocza, George F. Murphy, Camilla Gomes, Chen Liu, Eli L. Moss, Shannon B. Falconer, Ami S. Bhatt, Ying Taur, Eric G. Pamer, Marcel R. M. van den Brink, Robert R. Jenq
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2016)

Treating neutropenic fever with broad-spectrum antibiotics after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant is associated with an increase in graft-versus-host disease in mice and humans.
Abstract B2-37: Understanding the variability in drug response in a panel of breast cancer cell lines using computational models
Authors: Bram Thijssen, Katarzyna Jastrzebski, Roderick L. Beijersbergen, Lodewyk FA Wessels
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Cancer cell lines differ widely in their sensitivity to anticancer drugs. While many oncogenic drivers and drug resistance mechanisms have been discovered, it is generally unclear how these mechanisms interact in each cell line to make the cell line sensitive or resistant to a particular drug. We set out to explain this variability in drug sensitivity in a panel of 30 breast cancer cell lines. We characterized these cell lines at the DNA, RNA and protein level, and accurately measured the proliferation under treatment with various different kinase inhibitors. We then constructed computational models encompassing several of the important driver pathways and sensitivity mechanisms, and tested how well these models describe the available data. After selecting the well-fitting models, we could use these models to estimate the relative contribution of each of the interacting mechanisms to the proliferation of the cells under drug treatment. For example, the models indicated that FGF2 autocrine signaling contributes to fast proliferation in some cell lines; that SGK1 expression provides a bypass for Akt signaling in some cell lines; or that the expression level of 4E-BP1 is a key determinant of mTOR-inhibitor sensitivity on top of other genetic alterations in the PI3K-pathway. Additionally, we could use these models to thoroughly analyze which parts of the data cannot be explained. This greatly narrows down which follow-up studies are necessary to advance our understanding of drug response. These results show that knowledge-based computational models can be used to systematically study drug response in cell line panels. Such systematic, quantitative understanding of drug response will be useful in working towards precision medicine for individual cancer patients. Citation Format: Bram Thijssen, Katarzyna Jastrzebski, Roderick L. Beijersbergen, Lodewyk FA Wessels. Understanding the variability in drug response in a panel of breast cancer cell lines using computational models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Computational and Systems Biology of Cancer; Feb 8-11 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 2):Abstract nr B2-37.
Abstract 218: The Role of Novel Tripartite Motif Proteins in Sarcolemmal Membrane Repair
Authors: Liubov V Gushchina, Jenna Alloush, Sayak Bhattacharya, Zhaobin Xu, Eric X Beck, Noah L Weisleder
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are a superfamily of coiled-coil-containing RING E3 ligases that function in many cellular processes, particularly in membrane repair pathways. Mitsugumin 53 (MG53) also known as TRIM72, is primary expressed in skeletal muscle and heart. Our experimental data confirm that during membrane damage, MG53 translocates to the injury site and acts as a molecular glue to reseal the damage area. The role of MG53 in membrane repair has been demonstrated in both in vitro studies using molecular approaches and in vivo using rodent wild type and knockout models. Thus, our data indicate that recombinant human MG53 protein can be directly applied as a therapeutic agent to increase the membrane repair capacity of many cell types, including cardiomyocytes during acute injury or in chronic disease progression. However, the precise mechanism and potential partners by which MG53 executes its membrane repair function are not completely understood. On the basis of the global TRIM family protein alignment, we hypothesize that there are other TRIM proteins that, alone or together with MG53, may facilitate repair by targeting the site of an injury. Moreover, data from our lab demonstrated that MG53 and these TRIM proteins can form homo- and hetero-oligomeric assemblies due to the presence of the coiled-coil region in these proteins and, further, that this may be necessary for the active membrane resealing process. Using E. coli protein expression methodology we can generate and isolate new TRIM recombinant proteins and test if these protein complexes are effective when applied externally to cardiac and non-cardiac cells. These novel proteins will also be tested for their pharmacokinetic properties to determine their efficacy in both acute and chronic applications. Our studies should increase our knowledge of the mechanisms controlling cardiac membrane repair and also provide novel therapeutic targets.