tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Emerging Role of Novel Therapies for the Treatment of Relapsed Myeloma
Authors: Paul G. Richardson, Teru Hideshima, Constantine Mitsiades, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2007)

Despite advances in the first-line treatment of multiple myeloma, almost all patients eventually relapse, become chemoresistant, and die of the disease. Improved understanding of potential myeloma targets and molecular mechanisms of drug resistance, along with the development and clinical investigation of targeted antitumor agents, have led to new strategies for the treatment of relapsed myeloma. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, the immunomodulatory agent thalidomide, and the thalidomide derivative lenalidomide, are all recently approved treatment options for myeloma. Single-agent bortezomib has been shown to provide significantly greater efficacy than high-dose dexamethasone, and bortezomib has also been investigated in combination with other agents commonly used to treat myeloma, including thalidomide and lenalidomide, with high overall and complete response rates. The safety profile of bortezomib has been well characterized, and side effects have been shown to be generally predictable and manageable, including in high-risk and elderly patients and those with renal impairment. Thalidomide has been extensively studied alone and in combination in patients with relapsed myeloma, demonstrating substantial efficacy, and is therefore widely used in this setting. The toxicity profile is dose- and duration-linked, with lower doses appearing to be better tolerated. Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone has been shown to have significantly greater activity than dexamethasone alone in the relapsed setting, with impressive duration of disease control. Other combinations are also under investigation, with promising early results. Some aspects of the toxicity profile appear significantly reduced relative to thalidomide, although myelosuppression is increased. Other novel therapies at earlier stages of development are being studied and may provide further options in the treatment of relapsed myeloma. This review focuses on results from key phase II and III trials of bortezomib, thalidomide, and lenalidomide alone or in combination, and their emerging role in improving outcomes.
Overtube-guided endoscopic extraction of a rectal foreign body: lifting not only the embargo
Authors: Marco Silva, Andreia Albuquerque, Armando Ribeiro, Hélder Cardoso, Guilherme Macedo
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

A 65-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a foreign body in his rectum. He had inserted a Cuban cigar case into his anus approximately 9 hours before admission. The case had no sharp edges, and its cap was on.
Cutis Strip and Patch Repair of Large Inguinal Hernias
Authors: Munawar Ali
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

THE recurrence rate of large inguinal hernias of many years' duration remains high. The tissue in these cases is extremely poor, and the gap to be bridged is wide. In selected cases, in which a combined repair has been effected by a long strip of deepithelized cutis supplemented with a cutis patch, the rate of recurrence has been strikingly low.Skin was used for the repair of inguinal hernias by Hawley as early as 1889. Perhaps the first to use skin without epidermis as graft to repair hernias were Loewe (1913) and Rehn (1914). Some of the notable contributions made . . .
Characteristics of Transplantable Tumors Induced in the Rat by N-2-Fluorenylacetamide: Elevations in Tissue and Serum Sialic Acid23
Authors: Thomas M. Kloppel, D. James Morré
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

The correlation between levels of sialic acid and sialic acid-containing glycolipids (gangliosides) in tumors and serum with the growth characteristics of the tumors was investigated in transplantable hepatomas and squamous cell carcinomas initiated with the carcinogen N-2-fluorenylacetamide and propagated in vivo and in tissue culture. Tumor lines varied in histologic classification, growth rate, and ability to form pulmonary metastases. There was neither a correlation between growth rate and histologic classification nor between either of these two parameters and the ability to metastasize. Total and ganglioside sialic acid levels were elevated in carcinogen-treated liver and in transplantable hepatomas when contrasted with normal liver. Levels of sialic acid showed a weak correlation with the growth rate of hepatomas. Gangliosides from nonmetastatic hepatoma lines exhibited less N-acetylneuraminic acid--galactose--glucose-N--acylsphingosine (GM3) and an increased ratio of total monosialogangliosides to disialogangliosides than did metastatic lines. Ganglioside patterns of metastatic hepatoma lines more closely resembled the ganglioside patterns of normal liver than did those of the nonmetastatic lines. Concomitant elevations of total and ganglioside sialic acid levels were observed in sera of animals bearing subcutaneous implants. Serum levels of total sialic acid did correlate with total sialic acid levels found in the tumor tissues. The levels of serum sialic acid were not correlated directly with levels of serum sialyltransferase activity. Elevations of both tissue and serum ganglioside sialic acid were consistent features of liver tumorigenesis in the rat after N-2-fluorenylacetamide administration. They appeared, furthermore, to be early events not directly related to tumor cell differentiation or metastasis.
Bone-targeted delivery of nanodiamond-based drug carriers conjugated with alendronate for potential osteoporosis treatment
Authors: Tae-Kyung Ryu, Rae-Hyoung Kang, Ki-Young Jeong, Dae-Ryong Jun, Jung-Min Koh, Doyun Kim, Soo Kyung Bae, Sung-Wook Choi
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2016)
Prophylactic Portacaval Anastomosis in Cirrhotic Patients with Esophageal Varices
Authors: Harold O. Conn, W. W. Lindenmuth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

PORTACAVAL anastomosis is the most widely accepted form of treatment of portal hypertension in patients who have bled from esophageal varices.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Most authors agree that portacaval shunts decrease portal hypertension and reduce the incidence of subsequent hemorrhage from varices and, thereby, prolong life in patients who have survived hemorrhage from esophageal varices. It has been suggested11 12 13 14 that the performance of portacaval anastomoses prophylactically — that is, before hemorrhage from varices has occurred — might reduce the inordinately high mortality associated with bleeding esophageal varices.13 , 15 16 17 18 Although some prophylactic portacaval anastomoses have been performed for this purpose8 , 19 20 21 no properly controlled investigations of . . .
Drug-Mediated Antigenic Changes in Murine Leukemia Cells: Antagonistic Effects of Quinacrine, an Antimutagenic Compound23
Authors: Antonio Giampietri, Maria Cristina Fioretti, Abraham Goldin, Enzo Bonmassar
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Because the antigenic changes occurring after in vivo treatment of murine lymphoma cells with 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazenyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC) were suggested to result from DTIC-induced somatic mutation(s), quinacrine dihydrochloride, an antimutagenic compound, was tested for possible antagonistic activity related to this phenomenon. The increased immunogenicity of L1210Ha leukemia occurring at the first transplant generation of DTIC-treated histocompatible (BALB/cCr x DBA/2Cr)F1 male mice or the appearance of strong lymphoma-associated transplantation antigens at transplant generation 6 was prevented by simultaneous administration of quinacrine. However, the compound did not modify the antitumor or immunodepressive activity of DTIC in the mouse. We concluded that the selective antagonistic effect of quinacrine on DTIC-mediated immunogenic changes (DMIC) supported the hypothesis that the molecular mechanism of DMIC could be related to somatic mutation(s).
Long-Term Vasodilator Therapy with Trimazosin in Chronic Cardiac Failure
Authors: Karl T. Weber, Gary T. Kinasewitz, James S. West, Joseph S. Janicki, Nathaniel Reichek, Alfred P. Fishman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Patients with cardiac failure have a generalized sympathetic vasoconstriction that may impair cardiac function and exercise tolerance. The ability of long-term alpha-receptor blockade and vasodilation with trimazosin (TMZ) to improve exercise capacity was studied in patients with chronic, stable heart failure of varying severity (functional exercise classes B to D). Exercise performance was monitored by respiratory gas exchange and air flow before and after patients were randomized to placebo (13 patients) or TMZ (10 patients) for six weeks. Twelve of 13 patients given placebo and subsequently TMZ and 10 patients given TMZ were then followed on treatment for up to 52 weeks. Significant (P<0.05) and sustained increases in exercise capacity, oxygen uptake, and oxygen pulse were observed with TMZ treatment in each Class B or C patient and in six of nine Class D patients, and were not observed during treatment with placebo. (N Engl J Med. 1980; 303: 242–50.)
Case 69-1962
Authors: C. Miller Fisher, Edward P. Richardson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

Presentation of CaseAn eighty-one-year-old widow was admitted to the hospital because of headache and vertigo.While playing bridge two hours before entry the patient experienced the sudden onset of a severe, diffuse headache accompanied by dizziness that she described as "spinning of the head." She had to be helped to a couch and became nauseated, vomiting repeatedly. The symptoms gradually increased in severity, and she was brought to the hospital. Her speech and level of consciousness were not impaired, and no visual disturbance, tinnitus, paresthesias or seizures occurred. There had been no previous similar episodes.The patient had enjoyed . . .
Germinal Center Kinase Regulates The Proliferation and Survival Of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Julie Marie Matthews, Li Tan, Shruti Bhatt, Matthew Patricelli, Tyzoon Nomanbhoy, Jianming Zhang, Xiaoyu Jiang, Yasodha Natkunam, Hwan Geun Choi, Andrew J. Gentles, Ezequiel Martinez, Daxing Zhu, Jennifer Rose Chapman, Ragini M Shyam, Shideh Chinichian, Ranjana H. Advani, Sara Buhrlage, Dita Gratzinger, Nathanael S Gray, Izidore S Lossos
Journal: Blood (2013)
Clinician Factors Associated With Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening in Older Veterans With Limited Life Expectancy
Authors: Victoria L. Tang, Ying Shi, Kathy Fung, Jessica Tan, Roxanne Espaldon, Rebecca Sudore, Melisa L. Wong, Louise C. Walter
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Despite guidelines recommending against prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in elderly men with limited life expectancy, PSA screening remains common.To identify clinician characteristics associated with PSA screening rates in older veterans stratified by life expectancy.Cross-sectional study of 826 286 veterans 65 years or older eligible for PSA screening who had VA laboratory tests performed in 2011 in the VA health care system.The primary outcome was the percentage of men with a screening PSA test in 2011. Limited life expectancy was defined as age of at least 85 years with Charlson comorbidity score of 1 or greater or age of at least 65 years with Charlson comorbidity score of 4 or greater. Primary predictors were clinician characteristics including degree-training level, specialty, age, and sex. We performed log-linear Poisson regression models for the association between each clinician characteristic and PSA screening stratified by patient life expectancy and adjusted for patient demographics and clinician clustering.In 2011, 466 017 (56%) of older veterans received PSA screening, including 39% of the 203 717 men with limited life expectancy. After adjusting for patient demographics, higher PSA screening rates in patients with limited life expectancy was associated with having a clinician who was an older man and was no longer in training. The PSA screening rates ranged from 27% for men with a physician trainee to 42% for men with an attending physician (P < .001); 22% for men with a geriatrician to 82% for men with a urologist as their clinician (P < .001); 29% for men with a clinician 35 years or younger to 41% for those with a clinician 56 years or older (P < .001); and 38% for men with a female clinician older than 55 years vs 43% for men with a male clinician older than 55 years (P < .001).More than one-third of men with limited life expectancy received PSA screening. Men whose clinician was a physician trainee had substantially lower PSA screening rates than those with an attending physician, nurse practitioner, or physician assistant. Interventions to reduce PSA screening rates in older men with limited life expectancy should be designed and targeted to high-screening clinicians- older male, nontrainee clinicians-for greatest impact.
Brief Communication: Foreign-Body Tumorigenesis: In Vitro Isolation and Expansion of Preneoplastic Clonal Cell Populations2
Authors: Lance C. Buoen, Inge Brand, K. Gerhard Brand
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Foreign-body reactions were induced in coisogenic CBA/H and CBA/H-T6 mice by sc implantation of 15 times 22 times 0.2-mm unplasticized vinyl chloride vinyl acetate copolymer films. At 6 months' post implantation, implants and unopened tissue capsules were transferred to recipient animals of the T6-different partner strain. After another 3 months, part of the film/capsule complex was transferred to (C57BL/10ScSn times CBA/H-T6)F1 mice for tumor development. Capsule-derived and film-attached cells of the other part were separately cultured. Cultures consisting initially of euploid cells were often gradually replaced by different cells with specific aneuploid karyotypes which were identical with, or closely related to, those of the corresponding tumors. The cultured cells implanted in hybrid recipients at different passage numbers frequently gave rise to homologous tumors. Hence, it was possible to prepare in vitro cells with prefixed specific tumor determinants at different stages of preneoplastic maturation.
The Quest for the Ultimate Skin-Lightening Agent
Authors: Samantha Hsieh, Eric L. Maranda, Tarek Salih, Austin Nguyen, Joaquin Jimenez
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Outcomes for metastatic triple-negative (TN) breast cancer: Impact for clinical practice and trial design
Authors: F. Kassam, K. Enright, R. Dent, C. Flynn, J. Myers, M. Fralick, R. Kumar, M. Clemons
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

1121 Background: It is widely recognized that TN breast cancers (defined as ER, PR and HER2 negative) have a poorer prognosis than other subtypes of breast cancer. Clinical trials evaluating novel treatment strategies are essential. Traditional RECIST response criteria require tumor assessment at intervals of 6–8 weeks. Clinical experience suggests that many women with TN metastatic disease will relapse before RECIST response criteria can be met. Clinical trial design in this population must take into account duration of treatment response. We evaluated duration of first-, second- and third-line palliative chemotherapy, as a surrogate for duration of treatment response in a cohort of patients with recurrent and/or metastatic TN breast cancer. Methods: Multicenter retrospective chart review of patients with recurrent and/or metastatic TN breast cancer who received first-line palliative chemotherapy between December 2003 and January 2006. Primary outcome was duration of first-, second-, and third-line palliative treatment. Results: 112 patients were included in this analysis. Median age at breast cancer diagnosis was 51 (range 26–82). 13% of patients presented with metastatic disease. 27% received neoadjuvant and 48% received adjuvant chemotherapy. Median DFI was 17 months (range 1–115). At the time of first-line chemotherapy 68% had visceral, and 76% had multiple sites of recurrence. Median duration of first-line palliative therapy was 11.9 weeks (range 0–73.1). Single or combination chemotherapy with a taxane (41), capcitabine (32), or anthracycline (29) was the most common first-line regimen. Median overall survival from start of first-line palliative treatment was 9.6 months (range 0–102.4). 87 patients (78%) went on to receive second-line therapy with a median duration of 9.0 weeks (range 0–120.9), and 55 (49%) received third-line therapy with a median duration of 4.0 weeks (0–53.1). Conclusions: Many women with recurrent TN breast cancer will progress on first-, second- and third-line treatment before they have a chance to fulfill RECIST criteria for response. Future clinical trials evaluating novel therapies in this population must take into account their shorter time to progression when determining the appropriate frequency of response evaluations. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Case 27-2005
Authors: Richard T. Johnson, R. Gilberto Gonzalez, Matthew P. Frosch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

An 80-year-old man had an abrupt onset of difficulty concentrating, followed by severe fatigue, insomnia, and unsteadiness. An evaluation revealed no evidence of infection, autoimmune diseases, or exposure to toxins. His cognitive function declined markedly over two months, and myoclonus and fasciculations developed. He became progressively obtunded and died.
Results of phase III trial of rh-endostatin (YH-16) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients
Authors: Y. Sun, J. Wang, Y. Liu, X. Song, Y. Zhang, K. Li, Y. Zhu, Q. Zhou, L. You, C. Yao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

7138 Background: Endostar (rh-endostatin, YH-16) is a new recombinant human endostatin developed by Medgenn Co. Ltd. Pre-clinical study indicates that it can inhibit tumor endothelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. Phase I and Phase II studies revealed that Endostar was effective as single agent with good tolerance in clinical use. This study is to compare the response rate, median time to progression (TTP), clinical benefit, and safety in patients with advanced NSCLC, treated with Endostar plus vinorelbine and cisplatin (NP) or placebo plus NP. Methods: 493 histology or cytology confirmed stage IIIB and IV NSCLC patients, life expectancy >3 months, and WHO performance status 0–2 patients were entered in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospectively randomized trial after stratification, either Arm A: NP plus Endostar (n=326; vinorelbine 25mg/m2 on day 1 and 5, cisplatin 30mg/ m2 on days 2 to 4, Endostar 7.5 mg/ m2 on days 1 to 14) or Arm B: NP plus placebo (n=167; vinorelbine 25mg/m2 on day 1 and day5, cisplatin 30mg/ m2 on days 2 to 4, 0.9% sodium-chloride 3.75 ml on days 1 to 14) every 3 weeks for 2–6 cycles, according to the response after the second cycles, i.e. CR,PR,SD continue to receive treatment; while PD stop treatment. The response and adverse effects were evaluated by an Independent Experts Evaluation Committee (IEEC) before open the code. Results: Of the 486 assessable patients, overall response rates were 35.4% in Arm A and 19.5% in Arm B (P=.0003). The median TTP were 6.3 and 3.6 months for Arm A and B respectively (P<.001). The clinical benefit rates were 73.3% in Arm A and 64.0% in Arm B (P=.035). Grade 3/4 neutropenia, anemia, nausea/vomiting were 28.5%, 3.4%, 8.0% respectively in Arm A, as compared with 28.2%, 3.0%, 6.6% in Arm B(P>.05). There were 2 treatment-related death in Arm A and 1 in Arm B (P>.05). Conclusion: The addition of Endostar to NP regimen resulted in significant and clinically meaningful improvement in response rate, median TTP, and clinical benefit rate compared with NP alone in advanced NSCLC patients. Recombinant rh-Endostatin in combination with chemotherapy showed a synergic activity and a favorable toxic profile in advanced cancer patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Predictive Score for 30-Day Readmission or Death in Heart Failure
Authors: Quan L. Huynh, Kazuaki Negishi, Leigh Blizzard, Kristy Sanderson, Alison J. Venn, Thomas H. Marwick
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2016)

Predictive Score for 30-Day Readmission or Death in Heart FailureReadmissions shortly after heart failure (HF) are common, expensive, and usually considered preventable. 1However, despite the use of several interventions, rates of readmis-sion after HF remain stable. 2 An effective risk score might permit the targeting of resource-intensive interventions (such as disease-management programs) specifically on high-risk patients.We sought to determine the combination of clinical and nonclinical factors that would have the best discriminatory power in predicting 30-day readmission or death in HF.
Micrometastases and Survival in Stage II Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Gerrit-Jan Liefers, Anne-Marie Cleton-Jansen, Cornelis J.H. van de Velde, Jo Hermans, Johannes H.J.M. van Krieken, Cees J. Cornelisse, Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Standard treatment of colorectal cancer includes adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with stage III disease (defined by the presence of lymph-node metastases), but not for patients with stage II tumors (who have no lymph-node metastases). However, 20 percent of patients with stage II tumors die of recurrent disease. We investigated whether the detection of micrometastases can be used to identify patients with stage II disease who are at high risk for recurrence.
Persistence of Measles Virus and Depression of Antibody Formation in Patients with Giant-Cell Pneumonia after Measles
Authors: Anna Mitus, John F. Enders, John M. Craig, Ann Holloway
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

IN the previous paper1 isolation of measles virus in 3 cases of giant-cell pneumonia (Hecht) without associated signs and symptoms of measles was described. These findings provide direct evidence in support of the hypothesis long current that this form of pneumonia may be caused by this agent. The present communication presents the results of studies of 4 leukemic children with overt measles complicated by severe pneumonitis (Table 1). The data supplement the evidence already obtained for measles virus in cases of giant-cell pneumonia without clinically apparent measles. They also indicate that the presumptive diagnosis of this condition can be made . . .