tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Homologous Serum Jaundice Following the Administration of Commercial Pooled Plasma
Authors: Charles M. Grossman, Ernest W. Saward
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

ALTHOUGH the occurrence of homologous serum jaundice has been repeatedly reported since 19371 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 the interest in this condition became widespread following its high incidence in American troops vaccinated against yellow fever in 1942.15 The reports of Beeson16 and others10 , 17 , 18 gave evidence of the occurrence of the disease following transfusion with whole blood or plasma. A recent report by Rappaport19 indicates that this sequela may not be infrequent in the armed forces. At present there are few reports of hepatitis in civilian hospitals following the administration of whole blood or plasma, although one might expect its occurrence to be frequent in . . .
Malignant melanoma in the elderly.
Authors: R Lew, H K Koh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1987)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1987.5.7.1129 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3598616 Malignant melanoma in the elderly. R LewxR LewSearch for articles by this author , H K KohxH K KohSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1987.5.7.1129 PDF "Malignant melanoma in the elderly.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 5(7), p. 1129© 1987 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Post study docetaxel in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after discontinuation from a randomized phase III trial of pemetrexed versus docetaxel: An exploratory analysis
Authors: J.-L. Pujol, S. Shaharyar, C. Kortsik, M. F. Wu, C. Bagnes, F. Barata, L. Kayitalire, S. Hong, F. Shepherd, F. Fossella
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

7135 Background: For NSCLC pts with good performance status, second-line treatment with chemotherapy improves survival. Routine administration of second-line chemotherapy has increased the percentage of pts receiving third-line therapy. In a recent multicenter, randomized, phase III comparison of pemetrexed versus docetaxel in previously treated pts with advanced NSCLC, survival time with pemetrexed therapy was similar to docetaxel (median 8.3 vs 7.9 months). Over 40% of pts in the study received third-line chemotherapy post study. Of those pts treated with pemetrexed, 32% received docetaxel post study. The aim of this exploratory analysis was to evaluate if the survival observed in the pemetrexed arm was due to a cross-over effect of post study chemotherapy with docetaxel as opposed to other post study chemotherapy agents. Methods: Survival analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier method in 3 subsets of patients with respect to their post study treatment. Results: In total, 541 pts received either pemetrexed or docetaxel; 48% of pts in the pemetrexed arm and 39% of pts in the docetaxel arm received third line chemotherapy. In the pemetrexed arm, the median survival of pts who received post study docetaxel was 1 month less (9.6) than the median survival of pts who received other post study chemotherapy agents (10.6; p=.219). Conclusions: In the original study, overall survival was similar for both treatment arms. In this evaluation, these results provide no evidence that the overall survival observed in the pemetrexed arm with third-line post study docetaxel is different than that observed in the pts who received other third-line post study chemotherapy agents. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Eli Lilly & Co. Aventis; Eli Lilly & Co. Eli Lilly & Co. Eli Lilly & Co. Eli Lilly & Co.
S53 Alarmins in bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation
Authors: R. Y. Mahida, M. Suwara, G. Johnson, D. Mann, P. A. Corris, L. Borthwick, A. J. Fisher
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Survival after lung transplantation is limited to a median of 5-year due to development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). BOS is the clinical manifestation of chronic allograft dysfunction, characterised by inflammation and fibrosis of small/medium-sized airways leading to airflow obstruction. Numerous insults to the transplanted lungs have been associated with BOS development. Alarmins are cell derived danger signals released from damaged tissue which activate innate and adaptive immune responses. We hypothesised that the release of alarmins into the airway compartment after lung transplantation may contribute to BOS pathogenesis. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective longitudinal study of 52 lung transplant recipients from 2005 to present was performed (26 recipients developed BOS; 26 remained free from BOS). All recipients had lung function and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) performed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post transplant. Further samples were taken if the diagnostic criteria for BOS were fulfilled. A total of 214 BAL samples were analysed by ELISA for the alarmins Interleukin-1a (IL-1a) and High Motility Group-Box1 (HMG-B1). Data were analysed using Mann–Whitney tests. <h3>Results</h3> Both BOS and non-BOS recipients with culture positive BAL samples had significantly higher concentrations of IL-1a and HMG-B1 than culture negative samples. Due to the confounding effect of infection, our analysis excluded 90 BAL samples with positive cultures. Concentrations of IL-1a were significantly higher in culture negative BAL from BOS patients (median 2.411, range [AJF1] 0.073–19.078 pg/ml) than from Non-BOS patients (median 1.424, range [AJF2] 1.159–17.41 pg/ml; p=0.001). No significant difference in HMG-B1 concentrations between the two groups was observed (BOS median 58.906, range 0–197.5; Non-BOS median 76.25, range 0–211.563 ng/ml; p=0.2378). Longitudinal measurements of IL-1a in BOS patients showed significantly higher levels 3 months before or after BOS diagnosis (median 3.935, range 1.122–13.544 pg/ml), compared to &gt;3 months before BOS diagnosis (median 2.015, range 0.073–14.669 pg/ml; p=0.0153). There was no such difference in HMG-B1 concentrations (p=0.9164). <h3>Conclusions</h3> An increase in the alarmin IL-1a, but not HMG-B1, is associated with BOS development. The cellular source of IL-1a requires further evaluation but may be a marker of airway epithelial injury and/or play a mechanistic role in BOS development <i>via</i> its secretion by other cell types.
Brown Tumor and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Christopher C. Fordham, T. Franklin Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

SECONDARY hyperparathyroidism associated with chronic renal disease may simulate primary hyper-parathyroidism with secondary renal impairment in virtually every particular. An exception is the brown tumor, a relatively rare lesion, which has been considered to be almost specific for primary hyperpara-thyroidism and which to our knowledge has not previously been described as a manifestation of secondary parathyroid hyperplasia.Case ReportA 22-year-old man was found to be hypertensive during a college entrance examination in January, 1962. He was asymptomatic. The past medical history revealed an operation for bladder-neck obstruction at the age of 3, but he had apparently been well since . . .
C5a Replaces IL-4 in Anti-CD40 + IL-4 Mediated Induction of IgE Responses By PBMC of Adult Allergic Asthmatic Humans
Authors: Kobkul Chotikanatis, Jane Yee, Yan Yan, Seto M. Chice, Helen G. Durkin, Rauno Joks, Tamar A. Smith-Norowitz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Enhanced Humoral Immunity in Common Variable Immunodeficiency after Long-Term Treatment with Polyethylene Glycol-Conjugated Interleukin-2
Authors: Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles, Kasim Kazbay, Joe Hassett, Zhuo Zhou, Lloyd Mayer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Common variable immunodeficiency is a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by low serum concentrations of IgG, IgA, and usually IgM1,2. Although some patients appear to have only intrinsic B-cell defects, more than half also have abnormalities of T-cell activation and deficient secretion of interferon-γ and interleukin-2, -4, and -53–7. Most patients also have deficient production of a B-cell differentiation factor, a 34-kd protein that has been purified and lacks interleukin-2, -4, -6, and -10 activity8. We and others hypothesized that the B cells in this disease may be defective because of a lack of essential cytokines . . .
Pemetrexed versus gefitinib versus erlotinib in previously treated non-small cell lung cancer by retrospective analysis
Authors: E. Cho, J. Hong, S. Kyung, Y. Kim, S. Shim, J. Park, S. Jung, J. Park, D. Shin, J. Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e19103 Background: The standards in 2 nd -line therapy with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were erlotinib or pemetrexed as well as docetaxel. To evaluate the efficacies and safeties of pemetrexed, gefitinib, and erlotinib in previously treated NSCLC we analyzed the datas retrospectively. Methods: Eligible patents were 1) histologically confirmed pretreated advanced (stage IIIB or IV) NSCLC, 2) with at least one measurable lesion, 3) age over 18 years, 4) performance status (PS) 0–2, and 5) should never experience other two drugs as previous therapy. Patients of pemetrexed group received IV infusion of 500mg/m 2 pemetrexed mixed with normal saline every 3 weeks with vitamin B 12 and folate supplementation. Patients of gefitinib group received gefitinib 250mg PO daily and of erlotinib took erlotinib 150mg PO daily. Cycles of IV pemetrexed or taking PO drugs were continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Results: we analyzed 57 patients (pemetrexed; 20, gefitnib; 20, and erlotinib; 17). The response rates were 5.3%, 25.0%, and 12.5% (P=0.22), and the disease control rate were 5.3%, 40.0%, and 50.0% respectively (P&lt;0.01). Median progression-free survival (PFS) of pemetrexed, gefitinib, and erlotinib were 1.7, 3.5 and 4.4 months (P&lt;0.01) and median overall survival (OS) were 5.6, 21.8 and 21.5 months respectively (P=0.04). In subgroup analysis, patients with non-squamous carcinoma, smokers and good PS (0 or 1) showed longer PFS and OS in gefitinib and erlotinib compared with in pemetrexed. All of these agents showed mild and tolerable toxicity. Conclusions: In retrospective analysis, the patients with gefitinib or erlotinib had longer PFS and OS than pemetrexed, eventhough there was no significant difference for response rate in three group. These results have to confirm by large randomized prospective study because the sample size was small and it was not randomized. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 4721: Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is not required for breast to lung metastasis but contributes to chemoresistance
Authors: Kari R. Fischer, Anna Durrans, Sharrell Lee, Jianting Sheng, Hyejin Choi, Fuhai Li, Stephen Wong, Nasser K. Altorki, Vivek Mittal, Dingcheng Gao
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The role of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in metastasis is a longstanding source of controversy, largely due to an inability to monitor transient and reversible EMT phenotypes in vivo. We have established a novel and unique EMT lineage tracing system in spontaneous breast to lung metastasis models. In these models, mesenchymal-specific Cre-mediated recombination initiates permanent switch of fluorescent markers in tumor cells undergoing EMT. This allows us to track EMT tumor cells in the primary tumor, circulation and distant organs following the trail of breast to lung metastasis in vivo. We confirmed that within a predominantly epithelial primary tumor, a small portion of tumor cells undergo EMT. Strikingly, lung metastases were mainly comprised of non-EMT tumor cells maintaining their epithelial phenotype. Inhibiting EMT by overexpressing miR-200 did not impact lung metastasis development. However, EMT cells significantly contribute to recurrent lung metastasis formation after chemotherapy. These cells survived cyclophosphamide treatment due to reduced proliferation, apoptotic tolerance, and elevated expression of chemoresistance-related genes. This study suggests the potential of an EMT-targeting strategy, in conjunction with conventional chemotherapies, in the treatment of breast cancer patients. Citation Format: Kari R. Fischer, Anna Durrans, Sharrell Lee, Jianting Sheng, Hyejin Choi, Fuhai Li, Stephen Wong, Nasser K. Altorki, Vivek Mittal, Dingcheng Gao. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is not required for breast to lung metastasis but contributes to chemoresistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4721. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4721
Muscle-Mediated Gene Therapy
Authors: Helen M. Blau, Matthew L. Springer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Many of the problems and hopes associated with gene therapy are exemplified in preclinical studies of genetically altered muscle cells (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth). Smooth-muscle cells of the arterial wall are being genetically engineered to synthesize growth inhibitors that might prevent restenosis after balloon angioplasty. In animal models, the injection into cardiac muscle of genes that induce new vessel formation may lead to increased blood flow. Perhaps most surprising is the finding that skeletal-muscle cells can be used as recombinant-protein factories that produce and secrete proteins that can act either locally in muscle or distally.A number of approaches involving . . .
Effect of Plasmodium inactivation in whole blood on the incidence of blood transfusion-transmitted malaria in endemic regions: the African Investigation of the Mirasol System (AIMS) randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jean-Pierre Allain, Alex K Owusu-Ofori, Sonny Michael Assennato, Susanne Marschner, Raymond P Goodrich, Shirley Owusu-Ofori
Journal: The Lancet (2016)
Molecular Epidemiology of SARS — From Amoy Gardens to Taiwan
Authors: Rossa W.K. Chiu, Stephen S.C. Chim, Y.M. Dennis Lo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

To the Editor: The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Taiwan described by Hsieh (Aug. 14 issue)1 grew rapidly from mid-April 2003. We note the chronologic relation between this rapid wave of infections and the visit of a resident of Amoy Gardens, Hong Kong, to Taiwan on March 26.2 He rode the train with a female passenger who was linked to a series of local cases. We recently sequenced the complete genome of the SARS coronavirus associated with the outbreak in Amoy Gardens.3 A comparison of the sequence with those of all other SARS-coronavirus genomes accessible at GenBank . . .
Serum Lysozyme in Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Kenneth R. Falchuk, Joseph L. Perrotto, Kurt J. Isselbacher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Serum lysozyme (muramidase) concentrations were determined in patients with different types of inflammatory bowel disease and in normal subjects. The mean (plus or minus S.E.M.) lysozyme concentration for each group was as follows: controls, 8.8 plus or minus 0.3, ulcerative colitis, 9.3 plus or minus 0.6, Crohn's disease, 26.3 plus or minus 1.4. a and bacterial and nonbacterial enteritis, 8.9 plus or minus 0.7 mug per milliliter. Thus, mean enzyme levels were significantly greater in Crohn's disease than in ulcerative colitis (p smaller than 0.001), bacterial and nonbacterial enteritis (p smaller than 0.001) and healthy volunteers (p smaller than 0.001). The elevation of serum lysozyme in Crohn's disease may be related to tissue macrophages because no correlation was found between either the serum lysozyme concentration and the white-cell counts or the absolute numbers of circulating granulocytes or monocytes. Our findings suggest that serum lysozyme may be useful in the differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease from other types of bowel inflammation.
PTH-297 Does height of the rectal cancer impact on the use of neo-adjuvant therapy and ultimate oncological outcomes?: Abstract PTH-297 Table 1
Authors: Mas Khan, AR Hakeem, N Scott, I Botterill
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The impact of the height of rectal cancer from the anal verge and its ultimate clinical significance is controversial<b><sup>1</sup></b>(as debated by Tekkis <i>et al</i>in their published paper). The aim of this study is to assess the influence of rectal cancer height and oncological outcomes treated in a specialised colorectal cancer unit. <h3>Method</h3> Prospectively collected data on a patient pathway manager (PPM) for patients who underwent primary rectal cancer treatment at our unit from January 2005 till December 2010 were analysed. Low cancer was defined as tumour &lt;5 cm from the anal verge, as assessed by endoscopy, digital rectal examination and MRI scan. Recurrent cancer, palliative resection, perforated tumours and those requiring pelvic exenteration were excluded. Chi<sup>2</sup>test was used for statistical analysis. <h3>Results</h3> There were 226 male and 133 female patients with mean age of 70 years (Range: 21–93). Of the 359 rectal cancer patients, 149 (41.5%) had low and 210 (58.5%) had medium/high cancer. Outcome data of tumour height, neo-adjuvant therapy, CRM status, type and mode of surgery and disease relapse is tabulated in Table 1. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Height of rectal cancer does influence use of neo-adjuvant therapy and ultimate R0 resection rate. It does not influence loco-regional or systemic recurrent rates. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Bhangu A, Rasheed S, Tekkis P, <i>et al</i>. Does rectal cancer height influence the oncological outcome? <i>Colorectal Dis.</i>2014;16:801808
A memorable patient: Cold comfort
Authors: Mark Griffiths
Journal: BMJ (2003)

In 1968 I was doing my first job as a preregistration surgical house officer in a small district general hospital. The consultant general surgeon was competent, benign, and compassionate, the nurses were good, and we all thought that the whole team functioned rather well, apart from the usual 100 hour working week.

A young woman with inoperable widespread ovarian cancer appeared in one the beds. I was not sure why she had been admitted; I think she probably had a transfusion, and there may have been a problem with her home care. She was skeletally thin with that translucent quality associated with terminal illness. The nurses fed and bathed her and reported that she was not in pain, so I thought that everything was as good as it could be. On ward rounds we stopped at her bed and exchanged pleasantries. She sank into a torpor. We walked past her bed glancing at the pitifully small fetal shape under the bedclothes, with a wisp of hair showing on her pillow. It seemed like an intrusion to disturb her. She died, to everyone's relief, and her bed was then occupied by an altogether more satisfying patient, someone who stood a fair chance of going home better than when she had come in.

Some weeks later, the consultant produced an audio cassette tape for one of our regular clinical meetings. It was about a new institution called “Saint Christopher's Hospice” that had been started the year before. The voice on the tape was, I am sure, no less than the now famous Cicely Saunders. As we listened, I became suffused with shame and guilt. All of us were thinking of the wretched patient we had watched die. There were so many things that we could have done but had failed to do, and there were so many things that we had done but ought not. One of the most notable was the way in which we had walked past the end of her bed without any contact. We left the room in silence, avoiding eye contact. We had cared for the patient's body but neglected her soul.

It was a signal moment that I have recalled so often down the years. Of course, in those days there was no teaching in care of the dying patient, so I took small comfort in my ignorance, but deep down I had to acknowledge that failure of the system does not excuse individual responsibility. Everyone should have salutary experiences, preferably at the start of a career. Mine was worth an awful lot of CPD/CME points.
Case 24-2008
Authors: Adele C Viguera, Anne D Emmerich, Lee S Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A 35-year-old woman was admitted to the psychiatry service 5 days after the birth of her first child because of confusion, agitation, and delusions. A diagnosis of bipolar disorder had been made 2 years earlier, which was treated with lithium and citalopram. She discontinued her medications to become pregnant and had stated that if a relapse occurred, she should not be given medications that would prevent her from breast-feeding her infant.
Autogenous Carbon Dioxide for the Relief of Symptoms Suggesting Cerebral Angiospasm
Authors: Allen S. Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

PATIENTS with hypertension and patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis frequently suffer from recurrent, transient episodes of dizziness, weakness of an extremity or aphasia that suggest focal cerebral anoxemia. The ephemeral nature of many of the attacks and the absence of residual signs or symptoms have been attributed in the past to cerebrovascular spasm. In recent years this explanation has been challenged1 on the grounds that cerebral vessels are not structurally adapted for marked constriction; that cervical sympathetic stimulation constricts pial vessels infinitely less than those of the skin2; and that this unproved functional mechanism need not be postulated to explain . . .