tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A swimming pool-associated outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in Staffordshire, England, October to December 2007
Authors: N Coetzee, O Edeghere, J M Orendi, R Chalmers, L Morgan
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

In October 2007 an increase in laboratory-confirmed cryptosporidiosis cases in Staffordshire, England prompted an outbreak investigation. Case ascertainment included interviewing suspected cases and contacts and obtaining faecal specimens from those with diarrhoea for laboratory identification. Over a three-month period we identified 57 cases of cryptosporidiosis (39 confirmed) distributed across 36 households. The majority of cases (69%) were younger than 20 years. The most plausible exposure was multiple swimming episodes (56% of cases) in 13 local public swimming pools. One large swimming pool was most frequently visited by swimmers and considered a significant contributor to transmission because of substandard filtration and maintenance systems. Control measures focused on inspecting and improving operating standards at swimming pools, hygiene information to swimmers, and early detection and exclusion of cases. The rapid case investigation described in this paper provided adequate information for the early detection and control of a typical seasonal swimming pool related cryptosporidiosis outbreak. Ensuring adequate filtration standards at public swimming pools particularly before the high use periods of late summer and autumn remains a priority.
Case 29-1971
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. McNeely, Pierce Gardner, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Presentation of CaseA 68-year-old woman was transferred to this hospital because of persistent bacteremia.Five years previously a plate was inserted in the left hip to repair a fracture; one year later the plate was removed, a local abscess was drained, and antibiotics were given. Subsequent x-ray films showed a stable appearance. For several years she had used methyldopa and hydrochlorothiazide because of hypertension. Two months before entry she became progressively fatigued; a physician prescribed pro-poxyphene, with slight improvement. One week before admission chills, fever, nausea and anorexia developed, and she was admitted to another hospital. Physical examination was . . .
KNOW YOUR PATIENT!
Authors: Matthew J Dennis
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What have we learned from immunotherapy? Report from the 3rd and 4th meetings of the Campania Society of Oncology Immunotherapy (SCITO)
Authors: Paolo Antonio Ascierto, Giacomo Cartenì, Cesare Gridelli, Sandro Pignata, Antonio Pinto, Carmen Criscitiello, Luigi Buonaguro, Stefano Pepe, Roberto Mabilia, Vincenzo Montesarchio, Bruno Daniele, Sabino De Placido
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2016)

Treatment strategies that target the immune system provide the opportunity for antitumor activity across multiple cancer types, regardless of mutational status or tumor histology. While many of the initial advances in immunotherapy have been in melanoma, the focus has now broadened to include many other solid as well as hematological cancers. Different immunotherapeutic approaches are being evaluated across tumor types and their various novel mechanisms of action and safety profiles offer the potential for a variety of combination regimens. Ongoing and planned investigation of these immunotherapies, alone and in combination, represents the start of a new chapter in our treatment of cancer and offers the hope of better outcomes for patients with a wide range of cancers. Recent advances in the use of immune-based approaches to treat non-small-cell lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, head and neck cancer and lymphoma were discussed at the 2015 Spring and Winter meetings of the Campania Society of Oncology Immunotherapy (SCITO) and are reported here.
Therapeutic Potential of Small Molecule Inhibitor of Wnt Signaling in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Isabelle Briaud, Fnu Tenzin, Jae Kwang Chun, Se-Woong Oh, Jae Uk Chung, Kyung Yun Jung, Min Wook Jeong, Joo Young Cha, Younghee Pyon, Donghee Lee, Ji Eun Jung, Katayoon H. Emami
Journal: Blood (2008)
Changes in Mortality in People With IGT Before and After the Onset of Diabetes During the 23-Year Follow-up of the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study
Authors: Qiuhong Gong, Ping Zhang, Jinping Wang, Yali An, Edward W. Gregg, Hui Li, Bo Zhang, Ying Shuai, Wenying Yang, Yanyan Chen, Shuqian Liu, Michael M. Engelgau, Yinghua Hu, Peter H. Bennett, Guangwei Li
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

OBJECTIVE People with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) have increased risk of mortality and a high risk of progression to diabetes, but the extent that the excess mortality is associated with IGT per se or is the result of subsequent diabetes is unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We compared mortality before and after the development of diabetes among 542 persons with IGT initially who participated in a 6-year lifestyle diabetes prevention trial and were followed-up from 1986 to 2009. RESULTS During the 23-year follow-up, 174 (32.1%) died, with an overall death rate of 15.9/1,000 person-years. The majority of deaths (74.7%; 130 of 174) occurred after progression to type 2 diabetes, with age-adjusted death rates of 11.1/1,000 person-years (95% CI 8.2–12.0) before and 19.4/1,000 person-years (95% CI 11.9–23.3) after the development of type 2 diabetes. The cumulative mortality was 37.8% (95% CI 33.1–42.2%) in participants who developed type 2 diabetes during first 10 years of follow-up, 28.6% (95% CI 21.6–35.0%) in those who progressed to type 2 diabetes in 10–20 years, and 13.9% (95% CI 7.0–20.3%) in those who did not develop to type 2 diabetes within 20 years. Time-dependent multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses, with adjustment for baseline age, sex, intervention, and other potential confounding risk factors, showed that the development of type 2 diabetes was associated with a 73% higher risk of death (hazard ratio 1.73 [95% CI 1.18–2.52]). CONCLUSIONS As elsewhere, IGT is associated with increased risk of mortality in China, but much of this excess risk is attributable to the development of type 2 diabetes.
Traitement endoscopique des sténoses anastomotiques biliaires par multiples prothèses plastiques après transplantation hépatique: résultats à long terme.
Authors: J. Branche
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

Après transplantation hépatique, le risque de sténose anastomotique biliaire est de 5 à 32 % selon les études, probablement proche de 12 % d’après les travaux les plus récents. En une vingtaine d’années, le traitement endoscopique est devenu la référence, avant la chirurgie et la radiologie interventionnelle.
The 12-year follow-up of survival, chronic adverse effects, and retention of arsenic in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Hongming Zhu, Jiong Hu, Li Chen, Wei Zhou, Xiaoyang Li, Lining Wang, Xia Zhao, Yunxiang Zhang, Huijin Zhao, Aihua Wang, Yú Chen, Huiping Sun, Qiusheng Chen, Yù Chen, Weili Zhao, Jianqing Mi, Zhixiang Shen, Zhenyi Wang, Zhu Chen, Saijuan Chen, Junmin Li
Journal: Blood (2016)
Endoscopic full-thickness resection for suspected residual rectal neuroendocrine tumor and closure of the defect with a new suturing system
Authors: Francesco Azzolini, Paolo Cecinato, Veronica Iori, Loredana De Marco, Romano Sassatelli
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

A 51-year-old white man underwent screening colonoscopy and rectal polypectomy. Histological examination showed a 5-mm neuroendocrine tumor (NET) with a positive vertical margin and a proliferation rate of < 2 %. Positron emission tomography with gallium (DOTATOC) was negative, and rectal endoscopic ultrasound showed no evidence of pararectal lymph node metastases or residual lesions, even after the use of contrast (SonoVue; Bracco Imaging, Milan, Italy). The final diagnosis was considered to be rectal NET, G1 N0 R1.
P-164 Synchronous disease does not predict long-term outcomes in patients with resected colorectal cancer liver metastases
Authors: M. Marques, H.S. de Castro Ribeiro, W.L. Costa, A.L. Diniz, A. Godoy, I. Farias, F. Antonio Cury, F.J. Fernandez Coimbra
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Regulation of steroid-5-alpha-reductase 2 (SRD5A2) in human prostate by epigenetic modifications.
Authors: Aria F. Olumi, Rongbin Ge, Zongwei Wang, Shulin Wu, Shahin Tabetabaei, Chin-Lee Wu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

204 Background: 5-alpha reductase type 2 (SRD5A2), an enzyme that is critical for prostatic development and growth. We have found that many aging prostate tissues do not express the enzyme. We previously showed that expression of SRD5A2 is not static and epigenetic modulations by DNA methyltransferase and pro-inflammatory cytokines play important roles in silencing of SRD5A2. Here we wished to define the methylation pattern and identify specific CpG dinucleotides that are methylated in the SRD5A2promoter region. Methods: Ninety six prostate samples from patients were obtained by transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). Methylation of SRD5A2 promoter was assessed using Methylated CpG Island Recovery Assay (MIRA). Bisulfide conversion of Genomic DNA was performed using Epimark bisulfide conversion kit. Primers for bisulfide sequencing were designed using MethPrimer software and bisulfide sequencing was performed using 3730XL DNA Sequencers. Binding of histone demethylase to promoter DNA was analyzed by ChiP assay. Results: We randomly selected 3 TURP samples with methylated SRD5A2 promoters and 3 TURP samples with un-methylated SRD5A2 promoters, and then bisulfide conversion and sequencing were performed to verify the methylation pattern of CpG dinucleotides on SRD5A2 promoter. We found that bisulfide sequencing analysis of SRD5A2 promoter was consistent with MIRA analysis. To further analyze the mediators of SRD5A2 promoter region, we show that TNF-alpha up-regulates expression of Snail protein, which is a central regulator of both DNA methylation and histone methylation, and increases the binding of H3K9me to SRD5A2promoter region, but not H3K27me or H4K20me. Conclusions: Methylation of SRD5A2 promoter, which is regulated by DNMT1, proinflammatory cytokines and the histone methylase, H3K9me, accounts for suppression of SRD5A2 in many adult human prostate tissues. Bisulfide conversion and sequencing confirm and focus the specified CpG dinucleotides that are methylated enabling us to evaluate mechanisms and patterns of SRD5A2 promoter methylation in order to study the functional significance of SRD5A2 methylation. Grant support: NIH/R01 DK091353.
Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (PLD) in Combination with Bortezomib (B) May Provide Therapeutic Advantage for High-Risk Multiple Myeloma Patients Relapsing within 12 Months of Stem Cell Transplant.
Authors: Shaji Kumar, J. Blade, J. San Miguel, R. Hajek, A. Nagler, P. Sonneveld, A. Spencer, H.J. Sutherland, T. Robak, S.D. Mundle, S.H. Zhuang, J.L. Harousseau, R.Z. Orlowski
Journal: Blood (2007)
Human Papillomavirus–Associated Cancers — United States, 2008–2012
Authors: Laura J. Viens, S. Jane Henley, Meg Watson, Lauri E. Markowitz, Cheryll C. Thomas, Trevor D. Thompson, Hilda Razzaghi, Mona Saraiya
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a known cause of cervical cancers, as well as some vulvar, vaginal, penile, oropharyngeal, anal, and rectal cancers (1,2).Although most HPV infections are asymptomatic and clear spontaneously, persistent infections with one of 13 oncogenic HPV types can progress to precancer or cancer.To assess the incidence of HPV-associated cancers, CDC analyzed 2008-2012 high-quality data from the CDC's National Program of Cancer Registries and the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program.During 2008-2012, an average of 38,793 HPVassociated cancers were diagnosed annually, including 23,000 (59%) among females and 15,793 (41%) among males.By multiplying these counts by the percentages attributable to HPV (3), CDC estimated that approximately 30,700 new cancers were attributable to HPV, including 19,200 among females and 11,600 among males.Cervical precancers can be detected through screening, and treatment can prevent progression to cancer; HPV vaccination can prevent infection with HPV types that cause cancer at cervical and other sites (3).Vaccines are available for HPV types 16 and 18, which cause 63% of all HPV-associated cancers in the United States, and for HPV types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58, which cause an additional 10% (3).Among the oncogenic HPV types, HPV 16 is the most likely to both persist and to progress to cancer (3).The impact of these primary and secondary prevention interventions can be monitored using surveillance data from population-based cancer registries.CDC analyzed data from population-based cancer registries that participate in the CDC's National Program of Cancer Registries and the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program and met the criteria for high data quality for all years 2008-2012, covering approximately 99% of the U.S. population.
One-Year Clinical Outcomes With SAPIEN 3 Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in High-Risk and Inoperable Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Howard C. Herrmann, Vinod H. Thourani, Susheel K. Kodali, Raj R. Makkar, Wilson Y. Szeto, Saif Anwaruddin, Nimesh Desai, Scott Lim, S. Chris Malaisrie, Dean J. Kereiakes, Steven Ramee, Kevin L. Greason, Samir Kapadia, Vasilis Babaliaros, Rebecca T. Hahn, Philippe Pibarot, Neil J. Weissman, Jonathon Leipsic, Brian K. Whisenant, John G. Webb, Michael J. Mack, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Circulation (2016)

In the initial PARTNER trial (Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves) of transcatheter aortic valve replacement for high-risk (HR) and inoperable patients, mortality at 1 year was 24% in HR and 31% in inoperable patients. A recent report of the 30-day outcomes with the low-profile SAPIEN 3 transcatheter aortic valve replacement system demonstrated very low rates of adverse events, but little is known about the longer-term outcomes with this device.Between October 2013 and September 2014, 583 HR (65%) or inoperable (35%) patients were treated via the transfemoral (84%) or transapical/transaortic (16%) access route at 29 US sites. Major clinical events at 1 year were adjudicated by an independent clinical events committee, and echocardiographic results were analyzed by a core laboratory.Baseline characteristics included age of 83 years, 42% female, and median Society of Thoracic Surgeons score of 8.4%. At the 1-year follow-up, survival (all-cause) was 85.6% for all patients, 87.3% in the HR subgroup, and 82.3% in the inoperable subgroup. Survival free of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the transfemoral patients from the HR cohort was 87.7% and 93.3%, respectively. There was no severe paravalvular leak. Moderate paravalvular leak (2.7%) was associated with an increase in mortality at 1 year, whereas mild paravalvular leak had no significant association with mortality. Symptomatic improvement as assessed by the percentage of patients in New York Heart Association class III and IV (90.1% to 7.7% at 1 year; P<0.0001) and by Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary score (improved from 46.9 to 72.4; P<0.0001) was marked. Multivariable predictors of 1-year mortality included alternative access, Society of Thoracic Surgeons score, and disabling stroke.In this large, adjudicated registry of SAPIEN 3 HR and inoperable patients, the very low rates of important complications resulted in a strikingly low mortality rate at 1 year. Between 30 and 365 days, the incidence of moderate paravalvular aortic regurgitation did not increase, and no association between mild paravalvular leak and 1-year mortality was observed, although a small increase in disabling stroke occurred. These results, which likely reflect device iteration and procedural evolution, support the use of transcatheter aortic valve replacement as the preferred therapy in HR and inoperable patients with aortic stenosis.URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01314313.
Beliefs
Authors: M. John Rowe
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sleep disturbances among medical students at clinical years
Authors: Mohammed Alsaggaf, Siraj Wali, Mohammed Alsager, Ahmad Bakhsh, Rakan Alkhammash, Esam Quqandi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: 

Since sleep pattern and time management are essential factors for the success of students, knowing the sleep wake patterns and prevalence of sleep disturbances among medical students would help to recognize and scrutinize the consequences of these disturbances of sleep on academic, psychological, social and medical parameters.

Aim: 

To describe sleep habits and sleep disorders among medical students and the consequent effects on students' performance and psychological stress.

Methods: 

This is a cross sectional study involving the clinical year Medical students during the 2011-2012 academic year. Students were randomly selected and interviewed individually by trained physicians using a questionnaire collecting data on the following: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)

Results: 

A total of 305 students were recruited, 58.4% (178) of them were females. A total of 69.5% (212) of the students had a disturbed and poor sleep quality. Excessive daytime sleepiness was reported by 38.7% (118) of students. There was no genders difference regarding the sleep disturbances and ESS ( p :0.663 and p :0.143 respectively). However, 64.9% (198) of students were found to be stressed, more among females ( p: <0.01). There was a strong association between stress and disturbed sleep since 72% of students with poor sleep quality are stressed (p: 0.001). There was no impact of sleep disturbances or stress on the academic performance.

Conclusion: 

Sleep disturbances and poor sleep quality are very common among medical students at clinical years. Although these disturbances were associated with increased stress but showed no significant impact on academic performance.
Long term survival with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) versus thoracoscopic sublobar lung resection in elderly people: national population based study with propensity matched comparative analysis
Authors: Subroto Paul, Paul C Lee, Jialin Mao, Abby J Isaacs, Art Sedrakyan
Journal: BMJ (2016)

<b>Objectives</b>&nbsp;To compare cancer specific survival after thoracoscopic sublobar lung resection and stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for tumors ≤2 cm in size and thoracoscopic resection (sublobar resection or lobectomy) and SABR for tumors ≤5 cm in size. <b>Design</b>&nbsp;National population based retrospective cohort study with propensity matched comparative analysis. <b>Setting</b>&nbsp;Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry linked with Medicare database in the United States. <b>Participants</b>&nbsp;Patients aged ≥66 with lung cancer undergoing SABR or thoracoscopic lobectomy or sublobar resection from 1 Oct 2007 to 31 June 2012 and followed up to 31 December 2013. <b>Main outcome measures</b>&nbsp;Cancer specific survival after SABR or thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer. <b>Results</b>&nbsp;690 (275 (39.9%) SABR and 415 (60.1%) thoracoscopic sublobar lung resection) and 2967 (714 (24.1%) SABR and 2253 (75.9%) thoracoscopic resection) patients were included in primary and secondary analyses. The average age of the entire cohort was 76. Follow-up of the entire cohort ranged from 0 to 6.25 years, with an average of three years. In the primary analysis of patients with tumors sized ≤2 cm, 37 (13.5%) undergoing SABR and 44 (10.6%) undergoing thoracoscopic sublobar resection died from lung cancer, respectively. The cancer specific survival diverged after one year, but in the matched analysis (201 matched patients in each group) there was no significant difference between the groups (SABR <i>v</i> sublobar lung resection mortality: hazard ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval 0.77 to 2.26; P=0.32). Estimated cancer specific survival at three years after SABR and thoracoscopic sublobar lung resection was 82.6% and 86.4%, respectively. The secondary analysis (643 matched patients in each group) showed that thoracoscopic resection was associated with improved cancer specific survival over SABR in patients with tumors sized ≤5 cm (SABR <i>v</i> resection mortality: hazard ratio 2.10, 1.52 to 2.89; P&lt;0.001). Estimated cancer specific survival at three years was 80.0% and 90.3%, respectively. <b>Conclusions</b>&nbsp;This propensity matched analysis suggests that patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgical resection, particularly for larger tumors, might have improved cancer specific survival compared with patients undergoing SABR. Despite strategies used in study design and propensity matching analysis, there are inherent limitations to this observational analysis related to confounding, similar to most studies in healthcare of non-surgical technologies compared with surgery. As the adoption of SABR for the treatment of early stage operable lung cancer would be a paradigm shift in lung cancer care, it warrants further thorough evaluation before widespread adoption in practice.