tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Streptomycin in Tuberculosis
Authors: K H PFUETZE, M M PYLE
Journal: BMJ (1948)

TJHE efTicacy of streptomycin in the treat- menit of tuberculosis is 11o longer open to doubt.The ever-incr.easingreports in the literature attest to its value, l)ut these reports are still tinge(l with eaution and at times hiint at disappointment.There is, at one and the same time, enthusiasmii for the effect of the drug oIn tuberculous lesioins aiid doubt and disap- pointmeint l)ecause the etfect is not sufficiently marked, or is complicated by somiie of the perverse actions of the drug.That streptomyciin will aftect tuberculosis beneficially is iiow an accepted fact; that it will of itself cure
Pediatric high-grade glioma: biologically and clinically in need of new thinking
Authors: Chris Jones, Matthias A. Karajannis, David T. W. Jones, Mark W. Kieran, Michelle Monje, Suzanne J. Baker, Oren J. Becher, Yoon-Jae Cho, Nalin Gupta, Cynthia Hawkins, Darren Hargrave, Daphne A. Haas-Kogan, Nada Jabado, Xiao-Nan Li, Sabine Mueller, Theo Nicolaides, Roger J. Packer, Anders I. Persson, Joanna J. Phillips, Erin F. Simonds, James M. Stafford, Yujie Tang, Stefan M. Pfister, William A. Weiss
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

High-grade gliomas in children are different from those that arise in adults. Recent collaborative molecular analyses of these rare cancers have revealed previously unappreciated connections among chromatin regulation, developmental signaling, and tumorigenesis. As we begin to unravel the unique developmental origins and distinct biological drivers of this heterogeneous group of tumors, clinical trials need to keep pace. It is important to avoid therapeutic strategies developed purely using data obtained from studies on adult glioblastoma. This approach has resulted in repetitive trials and ineffective treatments being applied to these children, with limited improvement in clinical outcome. The authors of this perspective, comprising biology and clinical expertise in the disease, recently convened to discuss the most effective ways to translate the emerging molecular insights into patient benefit. This article reviews our current understanding of pediatric high-grade glioma and suggests approaches for innovative clinical management.
PWE-137 The epidemiology and outcome of biliary atresia in scotland 2002–2013
Authors: P Henderson, E Sutton, R Tayler, AR Barclay, R Hansen
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Biliary atresia (BA) is a rare and poorly understood liver disease of infancy that is fatal if not treated through early biliary drainage via the Kasai procedure. BA surgery was rationalised to three UK centres in 2002 following data supporting improved outcomes in institutions performing greater than five Kasai procedures per year.<sup>1</sup>We have previously shown that outcomes in Scottish children were worse than expected in the years following initial rationalisation.<sup>2</sup>We aimed to expand the post-rationalisation cohort of BA cases in Scotland to examine epidemiology and outcomes. <h3>Method</h3> Outcomes of the previously published 2002–2009 incident cohort<sup>2</sup>was first expanded. New incident cases of BA, with a Scottish postcode at birth and born between 2010–2013, were obtained using data from specialist nurse/team knowledge in the three Scottish regional paediatric gastroenterology networks. New data collection focussed on demographics, details of Kasai and outcomes (particularly 2 year transplant-free survival [2YTFS]). Accurate regional and national population data was obtained from the General Register Office for Scotland and statistics performed in R with Poisson regression analysis for incidence trends. <h3>Results</h3> 48 infants were initially identified, of whom 5 were excluded from outcome analysis (three with Kasai procedures performed in Edinburgh, one with less than 1 yr follow up post-Kasai and one child born outside Scotland). Three infants required immediate liver transplantation; 43 infants underwent Kasai. Median age at Kasai in the full cohort was 56 days (IQR 47–65) and showed significant improvement from 61 days in 2002–2009 to 51 days in 2010–2013 (p = 0.014). Of those with available data, 61% cleared their jaundice (bilirubin &lt;20 umol/l) six months post-Kasai; 2YTFS was 45%. BA incidence in Scotland was 1 in 14,745 live births and was relatively stable over time (1 in 15,151 in 2002–2009 and 1 in 14,084 in 2010–2013). However a cluster of cases was identified in Lanarkshire where the incidence was 1 in 7,936 live births, significantly higher than the rest of Scotland (1 in 16,949, p = 0.033). <h3>Conclusion</h3> BA atresia incidence appears relatively stable in Scotland but with an unexplained cluster of cases in the Lanarkshire region; examination of this cluster may provide epidemiological insight into disease pathogenesis There was a significant reduction in time to Kasai portoenterostomy, with the 2YTFS improving since 2002–2009 cohort but is still lower than the pre-rationalisation figure of 65%.<sup>2</sup> <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> McKiernan P, <i>et al</i>. Lancet. 2000;355(9197):25-29 Tayler R, <i>et al</i>. Arch Dis Child. 2013;98(5):381-383
THE LYMPHOCYTE AND IMMUNITY
Authors: B Osogoe
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Happiness
Authors: Tony Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2005)

RATIONALE: Cardiorespiratory adaptations to exercise can be monitored during endurance shuttle walking test (ESWT) using a portable telemetric gas analyser. The aim of this study was to investigate the reproducibility of metabolic parameters measured at the end of two ESWTs in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). METHODS: 97 patients with moderate to severe COPD (FEV1 = 49 ± 13% of predicted value, ranging from 31 to 78 % of predicted value) performed two ESWTs one week apart. ESWTs were performed at a speed corresponding to 85% of peak oxygen uptake, as predicted from the incremental shuttle walking test. Metabolic and cardiorespiratory parameters were monitored during both ESWTs using a portable Oxycon mobile device. Maximal values for oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), ventilation (VE) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were compared using paired t-tests and Pearson correlations between maximal values of both tests were estimated. RESULTS: Mean differences between both ESWTs performances were -5.2 ± 66 sec and -6.8 ± 107 m for the endurance time and distance respectively. The mean differences for maximal values between ESWTs were not significantly different for each parameter. Significant correlations were found for each parameter between the maximal values of both tests, with good correlation coefficients (r2=0.79, 0.43, 0.63 and 0.53 for VO2, VE, HR and RER respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight a high level of reproducibility of the maximal values of metabolic and cardiorespiratory parameters measured during ESWTs. FUNDING: GlaxoSmithKline NCT01124422;ADC113877.
Chromosome variants in children with psychiatric disorders
Authors: B Say, N J Carpenter, P R Lanier, C Banez, K Jones, J G Coldwell
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

The authors studied the frequency of chromosome variants in 48 hospitalized children with psychiatric diagnoses (study group) in comparison with 10 hospitalized children with nonpsychiatric diagnoses (control group) and the results of three surveys of newborn children. They found that the frequency of variants in their study group was elevated in comparison with their control group and with the newborn surveys.
Imipramine antagonism of the panicogenic effects of cholecystokinin tetrapeptide in panic disorder patients
Authors: J Bradwejn, D Koszycki
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

Eleven panic disorder patients who panicked in response to exogenous cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK-4) were rechallenged after chronic treatment with imipramine. In the rechallenge the patients displayed a marked reduction in the number and intensity of panic symptoms, duration of symptoms, frequency of panic attacks, and cardiovascular responsiveness. This study demonstrates that imipramine can antagonize the panicogenic effects of CCK-4.
Removal of embedded uncovered duodenal stent after 8-month indwelling
Authors: Gianfranco Donatelli, Gheorghe Airinei, Jean-Jacques Raynaud, Robert Benamouzig
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Uncovered self-expandable metallic stents (SEMSs) are used to treat malignant obstruction. Removal of SEMSs using scissor forceps, a loop cutter, and the wire-loop technique has been reported anecdotally [1] [2]. Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is mainly used for trimming SEMSs, but is not used to attempt removal because of the risk of injury to the duodenal mucosa [3] [4].
Biochemical RBC abnormalities in drug-free and lithium-treated manic patients
Authors: R S Jope, L C Tolbert, S M Wright, W Walter-Ryan
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

RBCs from two lithium-free manic patients displayed lower choline transport and higher choline concentrations and methionine S-adenosyltransferase activity than those of controls. Lithium therapy decreased RBC methionine S-adenosyltransferase activity to normal, decreased choline transport further, and increased choline concentrations further.
Binding of Chemical Carcinogens in the Lung 2
Authors: D. O. Toft, T. C. Spelsberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

The binding of the chemical carcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) was examined in the cytosol fraction from tissues of the rat. With sucrose gradient centrifugation, macromolecular complexes of 3H-MCA were observed in several tissues. A unique binding component was identified in the lung cytosol; other tissues produced a 4S component believed to be at least partially a result of contamination by serum proteins. The lung-binding component had a sedimentation coefficient of about 7S under low ionic conditions. It was altered to a 5S form in the presence of 0.3M KCI, which suggested a subunit composition. The lung component was not found in other tissues tested (serum, liver, heart, kidney, testes, and uterus). These findings were verified by the in vivo administration of 3H-MCA. Although the carcinogen was readily taken up by several tissues, only the lung contained a complex sedimenting in the 7S region of sucrose gradients. Binding specificity has not yet been described, but one other chemical carcinogen dibenz[a,h]anthracene, was also bound by the lung component.
Methylphenidate challenge as a predictor of relapse in schizophrenia
Authors: J A Lieberman, J M Kane, D Gadaleta, R Brenner, M S Lesser, B Kinon
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

Although neuroleptics are the major treatment for schizophrenia, there are no effective measures to determine the appropriate or necessary length of neuroleptic maintenance. To test the ability of a psychostimulant challenge to predict relapse following neuroleptic withdrawal, the authors administered methylphenidate and placebo infusions to 11 stable schizophrenic outpatients who had been on a neuroleptic maintenance regimen for at least 6 months. Patients withdrawn from neuroleptics were followed until relapse. All three patients with a positive response to methylphenidate challenge relapsed in 1 to 7 weeks; one of seven negative responders relapsed at week 21. Differences in relapse rates (p = .033) and survival time (p = .005) between negative and positive responders were significant.
Sudden infant death syndrome: impact on families and a direction for change
Authors: S E Weinstein
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

Until recently, there were no standardized approaches to the diagnosis of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the leading cause of death in the age group of one week to one year in the United States. This has led to confusion among professionals and hardships for parents and families. The Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Act of 1974 provided funding for the dissemination of information, counseling, and education. The author reviews the scope of the SIDS problem, the ways in which it affects families, and mechanisms by which community resources can be mobilized to assist families.
FRI0302 Analysis of the Defra Algorithm for Definition of Risk Fracture
Authors: L. Wolenski, B. Frediani, A. Marchi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> To define the transition, in the study of osteoporosis, including diagnostic and therapeutic thresholds, algorithms have been built, which assess the risk of fracture within 10 years, with an examination of variables, both clinical and instrumental. The first developed was the FRAX. It is similar to DEFRA (derived FRAX), whose advantages are essentially: The weighting is quantified of the individual clinical risk factors, reduced to dichotomous variables in FRAX. As instrumental variable is added over the femoral BMD, exclusive of FRAX, even the lumbar BMD. In addition it9s possible to insert the parameters of QUS (phalangeal and heel). Clinical risk factors of Defra: Age, smoking, steroids, alcohol, family history of fractures, previous femoral fractures and/or vertebral, previous non-traumatic fractures, rheumatoid arthritis and other connective tissue. <h3>Objectives</h3> –Define the validity of the algorithm, with the evaluation of an alternative with the only clinical variables. –Define the weighing of the different variables. <h3>Methods</h3> 1408 patients at a Rheumatology outpatient clinic were analyzed with the Defra questionnaire, using the calcaneal QUS (Achilles Insight GE), with analysis of the variables of which are annexed descriptive statistics. The methodology used in order to achieve the objective of the study, was articulated on one hand by analysis of binary correlations between the variables investigated, on the other in the development of a dual model of multiple linear regression (with and without ultrasound variables). Table 1 for MEN Table 2 For WOMEN <h3>Results</h3> Bivariate correlation analysis: –Negative correlation between risk and Stiffness (46.6%) –Positive correlation with previous vertebral fractures and or femoral(74%) –Positive correlation with age factor (50.8%) Analysis of the multiple linear regression: –the model containing all the variables analyzed detects an R2 equal to 91.6%, with a very high degree of risk prediction. –the model without ultrasound variables can explain 81.2% of the risk. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Defra is an extremely valuable algorithm in the prediction of fracture risk, even with the clinical variables, although in a slightly lower rate compared to the classical model. The higher weighting, among the parameters studied, is attributed to vertebral and/or femoral fractures and in second place to age. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
The importance of bleomycin in combination chemotherapy for good-prognosis germ cell carcinoma.
Authors: G Stoter, S B Kaye, P H de Mulder, J Levi, D Raghavan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1994)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1994.12.3.644 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 7509855 The importance of bleomycin in combination chemotherapy for good-prognosis germ cell carcinoma. G StoterxG StoterSearch for articles by this author , S B KayexS B KayeSearch for articles by this author , P H de MulderxP H de MulderSearch for articles by this author , J LevixJ LeviSearch for articles by this author , D RaghavanxD RaghavanSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1994.12.3.644 PDF "The importance of bleomycin in combination chemotherapy for good-prognosis germ cell carcinoma.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 12(3), pp. 644–645© 1994 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Images in neuroscience. Clinical genetics, I. Huntington's disease: from disease to gene
Authors: C A Tamminga, R Schwarcz, M E MacDonald
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

H untington's disease is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disease originally described by George Huntington in 1872.Its pathology is restricted to the brain, with selective regional atrophy of medium spiny neurons in the caudate and putamen and loss of large neurons in the deep layers of the cerebral cortex, but with relative sparing of the basal forebrain and the hippocampus.Disease manifestations include abnormal involuntary movements (chorea and dystonia), cognitive deterioration (intellectual slowing progressing to profound dementia), and emotional abnormalities (depression, psychosis, and/or pervasive personality changes).Symptoms generally begin in middle age, although onset in the very young or the very old has been described.The disease progresses to death over 15-20 years.In 1983, on the basis of a study of two Huntington's disease families, linkage between the Huntington's disease gene and a DNA marker that mapped to the human chromosome 4 was established.One family formed an American pedigree.The other family was from the largest known Huntington's disease pedigree, living on Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela, and numbering over 3,000 members and extending from the early 1800s, who inherited the disease from a common ancestor (see figure).An anonymous DNA marker detected the abnormal restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), which showed close linkage to the Huntington's disease gene in the two families.However, it was not until 1993 that painstaking study of this area of chromosome 4 resulted in identification of the Huntington's disease gene.The Huntington's disease gene, IT15, includes a polymorphic trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable in Huntington's disease.Whereas persons without Huntington's disease have about 11-35 CAG repeats at the IT15 gene, people with Huntington's disease have 36 to more than 80 CAG repeats (see table ).Longer repeats are associated with earlier onset and more severe disease.Current research focuses on the question of how the trinucleotide repeat expansion in Huntington's disease causes disease symptoms.Most likely, the protein product of the Huntington's disease gene, called huntingtin, in its mutant form binds to essential cell proteins.This pathologic interaction eventually causes nerve cell death through as yet undefined destructive processes.
Emergence of enterovirus D68 in Denmark, June 2014 to February 2015
Authors: S E Midgley, C B Christiansen, M W Poulsen, C H Hansen, T K Fischer
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

From June 2014 through February 2015, respiratory samples from 130 Danish patients were screened for enterovirus D68 (EV-D68). Fourteen EV-D68 cases were detected, of which 12 presented with respiratory symptoms, and eight had known underlying disease. The median age of EV-D68 cases was three years (interquartile range: 0–30 years). Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) was not detected although Danish EV-D68 strains showed > 98% nt identity with EV-D68-strains from AFP cases from the United States and France.
Book: Teaching Made Easy: A Manual for Health Professionals
Authors: J. Ker
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Ruth Chambers, David Wall Radcliffe Medical Press, £18.95, pp 216 ISBN 1 85775 373 9 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> As a busy clinician with a healthy commitment to medical education, I found the title of this manual instantly appealing. For here is a book that promises to coach me in the delivery of good teaching practice within the constraints of the new NHS. A concise, readable guide to modern teaching practice, it makes an ideal … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Genomic Structure of the Human Proliferating Cell Nucleolar Protein P120
Authors: R G Larson, D Henning, M A Haidar, S Jhiang, W L Lin, W W Zhang, H Busch
Journal: Cancer Communications (1990)

A gene for human proliferating cell nucleolar protein p120 has been isolated from a human genomic library using p120 cDNA as a probe. The gene spanned 12 kilobase pairs and was composed of 15 exons and 14 introns. Unusual splice junction sequences, (AT) and (AC), instead of (GT) and (AG), respectively, were located at the splice sites for intron F. The 5' flanking region was analyzed for putative cis-acting factor binding sites. The region contained a TATA-like sequence and the CCAAT box. CAT assays indicated that the region -2532 /+ 102 was necessary for transcription. Two specific areas at -1444/-1224 and -537/-278 were shown to be important for transcription. Two "GC" boxes and two "GC"-rich sequences were observed Other sites upstream of these sites were analyzed for homology to other gene control regions.