tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The aging population: demographics and the biology of aging
Authors: Eleni Kanasi, Srinivas Ayilavarapu, Judith Jones
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2016)

Abstract Epidemiologic studies show that 11% of the world's population is over 60 years of age; this is projected to increase, by 2050, to 22% of the population. Oral aging is a current focus of several organizations including the Federation Dentaire Internationale, the World Health Organization and the American and Japanese Dental Associations. In their Tokyo Declaration, the Japanese Association identified the elderly population as one of its main target groups. One of the WHO goals is for each person to retain more than 20 teeth by age 80, despite the fact that the prevalence of periodontal disease is continuously rising as the population is aging. Every species has its own characteristic lifespan, which is determined by its evolutionary history and is modified by multiple diverse factors, including biological mechanisms. In humans, the gradual accumulation of products of cellular metabolism and extensive DNA damage contribute to the aging process. Aging is thought to be associated with a low‐grade inflammatory phenotype in mammals, called ‘inflammaging’, and is the result of autophagic capacity impairing so‐called ‘housekeeping activities’ in the cells, resulting in protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Delayed stem‐cell proliferation, associated with aging, may impact the maintenance and survival of a living being, but excessive proliferation could also result in depleted reserves of stem cells. Studies are needed to address the association of delayed cell proliferation and wound healing with the onset of periodontal diseases and response to treatment. The effects of systemic diseases, medications, psychological effects and decreased interest or ability in performing oral‐hygiene practices are thought to result in periodontal diseases, and ultimately in tooth loss, in aged individuals. Together with an aging population comes a responsibility for ‘healthy’ and ‘successful’ aging. This article describes the changing global demographic profile and the effects of an aging society on the prevalence and incidence of periodontal diseases. We review the definitions of normal and successful aging, the principles of geriatric medicine and the highlights of biological aging at cellular, tissue and systems levels.
Axillary vs Sentinel Lymph Node Dissection for Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Michael D. Hasselle
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Combination Chemotherapy With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Can Overcome Bcr-Abl Mutations In Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Or Blast Crisis CML
Authors: Ohad Benjamini, Hagop M Kantarjian, Susan O'Brien, Deborah Thomas, Farhad Ravandi, Preetesh Jain, Sherry Pierce, Gautam Borthakur, Tapan M. Kadia, Elias Jabbour, Zeev Estrov, Rajyalakshmi Luthra, Jorge E. Cortes
Journal: Blood (2013)
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction vs Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Robert J. Gatchel, John C. Licciardone
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 18563: The Role of a Change in ECG Voltage on the Diagnosis and Prognosis in Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Imad Bagh, Brett Sperry, Michael Vranian, Mazen Hanna
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Low voltage on ECG may be caused by various medical conditions. In cardiac amyloidosis, low voltage in the limb leads is found in approximately 50% with AL and only 20-25% of ATTR, whether senile or familial. Despite not meeting low voltage criteria on ECG, a reduction of voltage over time may signify amyloid cardiomyopathy. Methods: The electrocardiograms of consecutive patients at the time of a diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis at our institution were analyzed. Patients with ventricular paced rhythms were excluded. An additional ECG at least one year prior to the diagnosis was also analyzed. The sum of voltage in all limb leads and the Sokolow voltage (S wave in V1 plus R wave in V5 or V6) index were calculated. Low limb voltage was defined as ≤ 5 mm in all limb leads and low precordial voltage as ≤ 10 mm in all precordial leads. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the correlation between decreasing ECG voltage and 3 year mortality. Results: A total of 338 patients (192 AL, 146 ATTR, age 68.7 +/- 12.1 years, obese 57%, HTN 54%) were identified. At the time of diagnosis, 167 patients (49.4%) met either low limb or low precordial voltage criteria. The limb lead voltage decreased in 63 of 73 patients (86.3%) and the Sokolow voltage decreased in 62 of 73 patients (84.9%). The mean overall decrease in limb lead voltage was 10.6 +/- 12.6 mm overall or 3.3 +/- 4.6 mm per year. The Sokolow voltage decreased 6.5 +/- 7.1 mm overall or 1.8 +/- 2.3 mm per year. On univariable analysis, the annualized decrease in Sokolow voltage showed a non-significant trend towards an increase in mortality. Conclusion: A decrease in voltage on serial ECG’s is more prevalent than low voltage in cardiac amyloidosis. There is a trend towards increased mortality in patients who have a greater decrease in voltage over time. The evaluation of serial ECG’s for changes in voltage is important to recognize in the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis and may have prognostic value.
Thymic CD4 T cell selection requires attenuation of March8-mediated MHCII turnover in cortical epithelial cells through CD83
Authors: Julia von Rohrscheidt, Elisabetta Petrozziello, Jelena Nedjic, Christine Federle, Lena Krzyzak, Hidde L. Ploegh, Satoshi Ishido, Alexander Steinkasserer, Ludger Klein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2016)

Deficiency of CD83 in thymic epithelial cells (TECs) dramatically impairs thymic CD4 T cell selection. CD83 can exert cell-intrinsic and –extrinsic functions through discrete protein domains, but it remains unclear how CD83’s capacity to operate through these alternative functional modules relates to its crucial role in TECs. In this study, using viral reconstitution of gene function in TECs, we found that CD83’s transmembrane domain is necessary and sufficient for thymic CD4 T cell selection. Moreover, a ubiquitination-resistant MHCII variant restored CD4 T cell selection in Cd83−/− mice. Although during dendritic cell maturation CD83 is known to stabilize MHCII through opposing the ubiquitin ligase March1, regulation of March1 did not account for CD83’s TEC-intrinsic role. Instead, we provide evidence that MHCII in cortical TECs (cTECs) is targeted by March8, an E3 ligase of as yet unknown physiological substrate specificity. Ablating March8 in Cd83−/− mice restored CD4 T cell development. Our results identify CD83-mediated MHCII stabilization through antagonism of March8 as a novel functional adaptation of cTECs for T cell selection. Furthermore, these findings suggest an intriguing division of labor between March1 and March8 in controlling inducible versus constitutive MHCII expression in hematopoietic antigen-presenting cells versus TECs.
Reconstitution of IL-17-Producing T Helper Cells After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Sebastian Tuve, Felix Bahr, Rebekka Wehner, Uwe Platzbecker, Martin Wermke, Nona Shayegi, Jan Moritz Middeke, Christoph Röllig, Johannes Schetelig, Gerhard Ehninger, Marc Schmitz, Martin Bornhäuser
Journal: Blood (2012)
The Impact of Transfusion-Dependency on the Outcome of Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) Receiving Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation after Myeloablative Conditioning.
Authors: Uwe Platzbecker, Ulrich Germing, Julian Stumpf, Nikolaus Kröger, Anne Böhm, Peter Valent, Rainer Schwerdtfeger, Otto Krieger, Guido Kobbe, Gerhard Ehninger, Martin Bornhäuser
Journal: Blood (2007)
Regional variation of hidradenitis suppurativa in the Norwegian Patient Registry during a 5‐year period may describe professional awareness of the disease, not changes in prevalence
Authors: G. Ingvarsson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a distinct skin disease characterised by well-defined signs, symptoms and its notorious tendency to recurrence and chronicity (1). Never the less, considerable uncertainty exists regarding its prevalence. The prevalence has been estimated over the last decades with significant degree of unexplained discrepancy, ranging from 0.05% to 8% in available studies (2).

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Observational study of neuroendocrine tumors in a Mexican cohort.
Authors: Daniel Hernandez, Ivonne Salcedo, Alvaro Aguayo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e15647 Background: The neuroendocrine tumors are uncommon neoplasm. A few data exist about the epidemiology of these tumors. The purpose of this investigation is to identify the epidemiology and the clinical and laboratory features of neuroendocrine tumors that were diagnosed at Centro Medico ABC in a period of 10 years. Methods: we revised pathology reports with the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor from the Pathology department. Results: we obtained 37 patients with the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors, 37% of them were men and 63% were women, with a median age at diagnosis of 59 years. The histologic subtypes more prevalent were: non specified neuroendocrine tumor in 70.3% and carcinoid in 18.9%. The anatomic locations were: pancreas in 29.7%, lung in 7%, stomach in 4% and unknown primary site in 4%. We found metastatic disease in 29.7%, local invasion in 56.8% and locally advanced disease in 13.5%. Serum chromogranin with a median of 102 ng/dl (IQR 17-260), with a positivity of 81%, serum serotonin 317 ng/dl (IQR 81-1162), gastrin 111 ng/dl (IQR 46-65), intestinal vasoactive peptide 35 ng/dl (IQR 23-56). Upper endoscopy and colonoscopy were performed in 73% of the patients, bronchoscopy in 20%, endoscopic ultrasound in 8.1%, computed tomography in 59%, PET/CT with fluorodeoxyglucose in 43% and PET/CT with octreotide (DOTATOC) in 32%. In immunohistochemistry: positive synaptophysin in 100%, positive chromogranin in 100%. Medical treatment most commonly used: octreotide analogs in 29.7%, everolimus in 10%. Surgical treatment was employed in 73% of the cases. 40.5% of the patients are still at follow-up without further treatment. The overall mortality was 8.1%, while the neuroendocrine related mortality was 5.4%. Conclusions: In a 10 year-period, we found 37 cases of neuroendocrine tumor. The most frequent symptom was abdominal pain. The most frequent diagnostic procedures were: endoscopy, CT, PET/CT. In immunohistochemistry, were reported the two most common markers: synaptophysin and chromogranin. The neuroendocrine related mortality as in other cohorts was low. Finally, we did not find variables associated with mortality
Different dyspnoea perception in COPD patients with frequent and infrequent exacerbations
Authors: Giulia Scioscia, Isabel Blanco, Ebymar Arismendi, Felip Burgos, Concepción Gistau, Maria Pia Foschino Barbaro, Bartolome Celli, Denis E O'Donnell, Alvar Agustí
Journal: Thorax (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> Some patients with COPD report frequent acute exacerbations (AECOPD) of the disease (FE), whereas others suffer them infrequently (IE). Because the current diagnosis of exacerbation relies on patient9s perception of increased symptoms (mostly dyspnoea), we hypothesised that dyspnoea perception might be different in COPD patients with FE (≥2 exacerbations or 1 hospitalisation due to AECOPD in the previous year) or IE (≤1 exacerbation in the previous year), AECOPD being defined by the institution antibiotics and/or steroids treatment, or hospital admission. <h3>Objective</h3> To test the hypothesis that dyspnoea perception is increased in FE and/or decreased in IE with COPD. <h3>Methods</h3> We compared the perception of dyspnoea (Borg scale), mouth occlusion pressure 0.1 s after the onset of inspiration (P<sub>0.1</sub>) and ventilatory response to hypercapnia (ΔV<sub>E</sub>/ΔP<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>) in 34 clinically stable COPD patients with FE (n=14) or IE (n=20), with similar age, gender, body mass index and degree of airflow limitation. As a reference, we studied a group of age-matched healthy volunteers (n=10) with normal spirometry. <h3>Results</h3> At rest, P<sub>0.1</sub> was higher in FE than IE and controls (p&lt;0.01). Compared with controls, the ventilatory response to hypercapnia was equally blunted both in FE and IE (p&lt;0.001). Despite similar spirometry, during rebreathing peak Borg score and ΔBorg were higher (p&lt;0.01) in FE and lower (p&lt;0.01) in IE, than in controls. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Dyspnoea perception during CO<sub>2</sub> rebreathing is enhanced in FE and blunted in IE. These differences may contribute to the differential rate of reported exacerbations in FE and IE. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT02113839.
The implications of neural reuse for the future of both cognitive neuroscience and folk psychology
Authors: Michael Silberstein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2016)

Abstract If neural reuse is true, then: (1) fully escaping phrenology will eventually require an even less brain-centric and mechanistic cognitive neuroscience that focuses on relations and interactions between brain, body, and environment at many different scales and levels across both space and time, and (2) although scientific psychology must be heavily revised, the autonomy and irreducibility of folk psychology are assured.
Normal hematologic parameters and fetal hemoglobin silencing with heterozygous IKZF1 mutations
Authors: Nour Abdulhay, Claudia Fiorini, Attila Kumánovics, Ashleigh A. Sun, Jeannette Hansen-Rejali, Karl V. Voelkerding, Sergio D. Rosenzweig, Harry R. Hill, Vijay G. Sankaran
Journal: Blood (2016)
GM-CSF primes cardiac inflammation in a mouse model of Kawasaki disease
Authors: Angus T. Stock, Jacinta A. Hansen, Matthew A. Sleeman, Brent S. McKenzie, Ian P. Wicks
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2016)

Kawasaki disease (KD) is the leading cause of pediatric heart disease in developed countries. KD patients develop cardiac inflammation, characterized by an early infiltrate of neutrophils and monocytes that precipitates coronary arteritis. Although the early inflammatory processes are linked to cardiac pathology, the factors that regulate cardiac inflammation and immune cell recruitment to the heart remain obscure. In this study, using a mouse model of KD (induced by a cell wall Candida albicans water-soluble fraction [CAWS]), we identify an essential role for granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in orchestrating these events. GM-CSF is rapidly produced by cardiac fibroblasts after CAWS challenge, precipitating cardiac inflammation. Mechanistically, GM-CSF acts upon the local macrophage compartment, driving the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, whereas therapeutically, GM-CSF blockade markedly reduces cardiac disease. Our findings describe a novel role for GM-CSF as an essential initiating cytokine in cardiac inflammation and implicate GM-CSF as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in KD.
Management and outcome of HER2-positive breast cancer treated with and without adjuvant trastuzumab: The Imperial College London experience.
Authors: D. Shah, O. Gojis, J. Krell, R. Ahmad, P. Riddle, R. C. Coombes, R. C. Leonard, K. Fox, S. J. Cleator, C. Palmieri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

650 Background: Adjuvant trastuzumab (AT) is the standard of care in the management of HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) treated with chemotherapy (CT). Controversy remains regarding AT in low-risk disease and older patients. Little data is available outside large well controlled clinical trials with regard to the usage, efficacy and toxicity of AT, and no prospective data is available on the outcome of untreated HER2-positive patients diagnosed in the AT era. Methods: All cases of early invasive HER2-postive BC diagnosed at Imperial College London (ICL) between 2006-2008 were identified. In addition, patients referred for AT but who did not undergo breast surgery at ICL were included in analysis of efficacy. Results: Local HER-positivity rate for early invasive BC was 13.2% (128/1194), with 53.8% (85/158) receiving AT. Main reason for omission of AT was low-risk disease (32.7%). 128 cases (85 local and 43 referred) received AT. Median tim to AT after completion of radiotherapy (RT) was 28 days (range 2-183) and 27.5 days (range 1-123) from last definitive therapy if no RT given. In 39% of cases AT was stared during RT. In treated cohort at a median follow-up of 25.1 months from initial treatment (IT), DFS was 92.2% with a cancer-specific OS of 96%. Of note, 91% of relapses occurred in neoadjuvant (NA) cases, and all deaths have been in this group. Therefore, in NA group 22% vs 1.1% in adjuvant chemotherapy group had relapsed. In the untreated cohort at a median follow up time of 18.2 months from IT the DFS was 89.8% with a cancer specific OS of 93.4%. There were 8.6% protocol defined cardiotoxic events. Full details of the histopathological features, use of NA trastuzumab, pCR in neoadjuvant group, as well as adjuvant therapy for treated and untreated population as well as detailed information on echocardiograms in treated cohort will presented. Conclusions: The outcome in treated and untreated cases appears similar. However, the large number of relapsers who had received NA CT raises a number of questions. Longer follow up is required to assess long-term efficacy and safety of AT as well as the outcome in the untreated cohort given the current debate about the management of this group. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
PWE-432 Learning curve for upper gi endoscopy – qualitative assessment of developmental phases of novice trainees: Abstract PWE-432 Table 1
Authors: K Axe, E Hawkes, J Turner, J Hurley, P Neville, N Warren, N Hawkes
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> JETS e-portfolio provides data on learning curves in UK trainees,<sup>1</sup>but to improve outcomes requires a detailed understanding of training needs at each point on the curve. We mapped learning needs of novice trainees in upper GI endoscopy (UGIE), investigating stages of practical and cognitive skills development. <h3>Method</h3> A Structured Programme of Induction and Training (SPRINT) in UGIE, delivered training sessions at months 0, 1, 2 and 4, (simulators, lesion recognition (LR), JAG Basic UGI course &amp;hands-on training). At 4 months semi-structured interviews explored all 7 trainee's experience, focussing on key stages where learning needs changed. A deductive approach to analysis using a modified grounded theory approach<sup>2</sup>was followed. <h3>Results</h3> Novices identified distinct phases in the development of endoscopic skills 1) Technical unimodal (high effort); 2) Bimodal (technical + cognitive framework initiation); 3) Global performance initiation and 4) Global performance refinement, with distinct thresholds of skill mastery freeing-up mental capacity for further learning goals. Narrative evidence on affective state, cognitive framework and learning environment is shown for each phase (Table 1). Time spent in each phase varied depending on self-efficacy, confidence, prior experiences, case intensity and local training support. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Qualitative investigation provides important detail on learning needs of trainees at varying stages of the UGIE learning pathway. These vary considerably over time and trainers need to be aware of affective and cognitive factors and adjust techniques and training environment to optimise skills development. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Ward ST, <i>et al</i>. Gut 2014;63:1746–1754 Burnard P, <i>et al</i>. Br Dental J. 2008;204:429–432