tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brain Tumors
Authors: P M Black
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

THE study of brain tumors is especially rewarding today: molecular biology has provided new insights into pathogenesis, neurosurgical technology has increased the capacity for tumor removal, and promising new nonsurgical therapies are being developed. This report will review the contemporary understanding of intracranial tumors, primarily in adults, emphasizing developments within the past five years.Epidemiology and PathogenesisNew brain tumors develop in approximately 35,000 adult Americans each year.1 , 2 These can be divided into primary tumors (those arising from the brain and its coverings) and metastatic tumors (those arising elsewhere in the body). Table 1 presents a list of the most clinically important . . .
Résection endoscopique circonférentielle ou quasi-circonférentielle des adénomes coliques avec extension latérale: techniques, précautions, et résultats
Authors: G. Rahmi
Journal: Endoscopy (2016)

La mucosectomie endoscopique est le traitement standard des polypes colorectaux de moins de 20 mm et permet d’obtenir d’excellents résultats à long terme. Dans la littérature, la résection par mucosectomie des lésions de plus de 20 mm est sûre et efficace sous réserve d’un taux de récidive variant de 10 à 20 % selon les études. En revanche, très peu de données sont disponibles concernant la résection par mucosectomie des tumeurs colorectales quasi circonférentielles ou circonférentielles.
Case 36-1964
Authors: Raymond D. Adams, Richard B. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

Presentation of Case First admission. A thirty-eight-year-old Negro woman was referred to the hospital because of intracranial bleeding.She had been in good health until several weeks previously, when ankle edema developed late in the course of her third pregnancy. One week before admission she entered another hospital in labor, and peripheral edema, proteinuria and a blood pressure of 190 systolic, 100 diastolic, were found. A healthy infant was delivered uneventfully. The patient received a single dose of magnesium sulfate to control twitching of the face and hyperreflexia. On the second post-partum day she complained of pain in the . . .
Methyl-TER-butyl Ether (MTBE) and Endoscopic Sphincterotomy
Authors: L. Bonardi, G. Gandini, S. Gabasio, E. Fascetti, L. Gremo, D. Righi, R. Asnaghi, U. Volterrani, G. Verme
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

MTBE was instilled in 6 cases of lithiasis (1 intrahepatic, 5 giant common bile duct stones following EPT). The nasobiliary route (3 cases) and a percutaneous biliary drain (3 cases) were used for this purpose. Complete stone dissolution was achieved in four cases.
Specific involvement of tyrosine 764 of human granulocyte colony- stimulating factor receptor in signal transduction mediated by p145/Shc/GRB2 or p90/GRB2 complexes
Authors: JP de Koning, AM Schelen, F Dong, C van Buitenen, BM Burgering, JL Bos, B Lowenberg, IP Touw
Journal: Blood (1996)
DIRECTOR OF MEDICAL EDUCATION
Authors: G H REIFENSTEIN
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Increased uptake and improved outcomes of bowel cancer screening with a faecal immunochemical test: results from a pilot study within the national screening programme in England
Authors: Sue Moss, Christopher Mathews, T J Day, Steve Smith, Helen E Seaman, Julia Snowball, Stephen P Halloran
Journal: Gut (2016)

The National Health Service Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) in England uses a guaiac-based faecal occult blood test (gFOBt). A quantitative faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for haemoglobin (Hb) has many advantages, including being specific for human blood, detecting Hb at a much lower concentration with a single faecal sample and improved uptake.In 2014, a large comparative pilot study was performed within BCSP to establish the acceptability and diagnostic performance of FIT. Over a 6-month period, 40 930 (1 in 28) subjects were sent a FIT (OC-SENSOR) instead of a gFOBt. A bespoke FIT package was used to mail FIT sampling devices to and from FIT subjects. All participants positive with either gFOBt or FIT (cut-off 20 µg Hb/g faeces) were referred for follow-up. Subgroup analysis included cut-off concentrations, age, sex, screening history and deprivation quintile.While overall uptake increased by over 7 percentage points with FIT (66.4% vs 59.3%, OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.33 to 1.38), uptake by previous non-responders almost doubled (FIT 23.9% vs gFOBt 12.5%, OR 2.20, 95% CI 2.10 to 2.29). The increase in overall uptake was significantly higher in men than women and was observed across all deprivation quintiles. With the conventional 20 µg/g cut-off, FIT positivity was 7.8% and ranged from 5.7% in 59-64-year-old women to 11.1% in 70-75-year-old men. Cancer detection increased twofold and that for advanced adenomas nearly fivefold. Detection rates remained higher with FIT for advanced adenomas, even at 180 µg Hb/g.Markedly improved participation rates were achieved in a mature gFOBt-based national screening programme and disparities between men and women were reduced. High positivity rates, particularly in men and previous non-respondents, challenge the available colonoscopy resource, but improvements in neoplasia detection are still achievable within this limited resource.
West Nile virus infections in Hungary, August–September 2008
Authors: K Krisztalovics, E Ferenczi, Z Molnár, Á Csohán, E Bán, V Zöldi, K Kaszás
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

Between 2003 and 2007, a yearly average of six cases of West Nile virus neuroinvasive infection were diagnosed in Hungary. In 2008, 14 cases have been confirmed by the end of October. In contrast with previous years the infection has now appeared also in the north-western part of the country which is endemic for tick-borne encephalitis.
Brief Communication: Hyperplasia of Rat Mammary Gland In Vitro 2
Authors: Lalita Palekar, E. Daimont Waldo, Irving Seidman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Rat mammary gland explants placed in organ culture underwent intraductal hyperplasia in the presence of insulin. The hyperplasia reached its maximum at about 2 weeks of culture and exhibited several morphologic variations. By ultrastructural criteria, it was shown that the proliferating cell was derived from the epithelial rather than the myoepithelial component of the ductal lining cells. Testosterone, added at the beginning of the experiment, partially inhibited the hyperplastic process.
Costs of Health Care Administration in the United States and Canada
Authors: Reed Tuckson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

dence of lipodystrophy increases with the duration of exposure to HAART, with approximately a 57 percent increase per six months of additional exposure. 1Thus, the inclusion of a control group of patients who continued to take a protease inhibitor might have shown that switching to one of the study drugs was beneficial, since the overall severity of lipodystrophy did not progress over the next 12 months.In addition, some differences in the study outcomes could be attributable to differences in compliance with the drug regimen, a factor that was not assessed in the trial.
Confocal laser endomicroscopic and magnifying narrow-band imaging findings of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
Authors: Kouichi Nonaka, Ken Ohata, Shinichi Ban, Maiko Takita, Yohei Minato, Nobuyuki Matsuhashi
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

The endoscopic findings of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma are variable, making its diagnosis very difficult. We previously reported the usefulness of magnifying narrow-band imaging (NBI) for the diagnosis of gastric MALT lymphoma [1] [2] [3]. Here, we report our experience with the confocal laser endomicroscopic (CLE) imaging of gastric MALT lymphoma and the corresponding histopathological imaging. To our knowledge, this is the first such report in the world.
PUBLIC HEALTH LEGISLATION
Authors: J E Goodrich
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chemo-Immunotherapy Combination Of Idelalisib With Bendamustine/Rituximab Or Chlorambucil/Rituximab In Patients With Relapsed/Refractory CLL Demonstrates Efficacy and Tolerability
Authors: Jacqueline C. Barrientos, Nina D. Wagner-Johnston, Sven De Vos, Steven E. Coutre, Marshall T. Schreeder, Ian Flinn, Jeff P. Sharman, Kanti R. Rai, John P. Leonard, Roger Dansey, Yeonhee Kim, Leanne M. Holes, Henry Adewoye, Richard R. Furman
Journal: Blood (2013)
SPED Newsletter
Authors: Guilherme Macedo
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

The Portuguese Society of Digestive Endoscopy (SPED) has been intimately involved in gastroenterology and endoscopy education since its early days, 30 years ago. Working side by side with her sister gastroenterology society, SPED has been setting the stage for the creation of a framework upon which training objectives, teaching skills, and clinical evaluation could be readily achieved and ensured. Furthermore, with the growing challenges in ensuring and assessing quality that endoscopists and other health care providers have been facing in the last years, many concerns have been devoted to the definition of basic components of physician's training and education, not only in endoscopic skills but also in terms of core knowledge and clinical experience. We held recently an International Symposium on Quality in Endoscopy: From Training to Practice, specifically addressing these topics, in the sequence of which a broad document was generated to establish quality indicators and practice guidelines for Portuguese endoscopists.
Exchange of Radioactive Magnesium in Walker Carcinosarcoma 256: A Note2
Authors: Terence A. Rogers, Frances L. Haven, Parker E. Mahan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1960)

Rats with Walker carcinosarcoma 256 were injected with radioactive magnesium, and then killed at intervals up to 7 hours. The exchange of tumor intracellular magnesium with plasma magnesium was complete in 4 hours. This rapid exchange is comparable with that in the liver, myocardium, and kidney in normal rats, but unlike the slower exchange in the skeletal muscle, brain, erythrocytes, bone, and testes.
Single-cell whole genome sequencing reveals no evidence for common aneuploidy in normal and Alzheimer’s disease neurons
Authors: Hilda van den Bos, Diana C. J. Spierings, Aaron Taudt, Bjorn Bakker, David Porubský, Ester Falconer, Carolina Novoa, Nancy Halsema, Hinke G. Kazemier, Karina Hoekstra-Wakker, Victor Guryev, Wilfred F. A. den Dunnen, Floris Foijer, Maria Colomé-Tatché, Hendrikus W. G. M. Boddeke, Peter M. Lansdorp
Journal: Genome biology (2016)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease of the brain and the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Aneuploidy, a state in which cells have an abnormal number of chromosomes, has been proposed to play a role in neurodegeneration in AD patients. Several studies using fluorescence in situ hybridization have shown that the brains of AD patients contain an increased number of aneuploid cells. However, because the reported rate of aneuploidy in neurons ranges widely, a more sensitive method is needed to establish a possible role of aneuploidy in AD pathology. In the current study, we used a novel single-cell whole genome sequencing (scWGS) approach to assess aneuploidy in isolated neurons from the frontal cortex of normal control individuals (n = 6) and patients with AD (n = 10). The sensitivity and specificity of our method was shown by the presence of three copies of chromosome 21 in all analyzed neuronal nuclei of a Down's syndrome sample (n = 36). Very low levels of aneuploidy were found in the brains from control individuals (n = 589) and AD patients (n = 893). In contrast to other studies, we observe no selective gain of chromosomes 17 or 21 in neurons of AD patients. scWGS showed no evidence for common aneuploidy in normal and AD neurons. Therefore, our results do not support an important role for aneuploidy in neuronal cells in the pathogenesis of AD. This will need to be confirmed by future studies in larger cohorts.
SAT0473 Alterations in Cerebral Perfusion in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis and Cognitive Impairment
Authors: O. Veralastra, J. Moreno-Gutierrez, M.D.P. Cruz Dominguez
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis, immunological and vascular abnormalities. Cerebral hypoperfusion can be caused by microvascular cerebral ischemia. Cognitive impairment (CI) are a major cause of morbidity in SSc. <h3>Objectives</h3> To estimate the frequency of CI in SSc patients and alterations in cerebral perfusion (CP). <h3>Methods</h3> We studied 88 patients with SSc. The Montreal Test (MT) was given to all patients to evaluate CI. To 15 patients with CI and without systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, vasculitis, hypothyroidism, depression, and drugs that interfere with the cognitive assessment, the CP was measured by cerebral gammagram (CG). <h3>Results</h3> Of the 88 woman patients with SSc, 58 (66%) had CI by MT. The CP was decreased in 12 of 15 (80%) patients. The mean age of patient with CI was 45.9±10.5 vs patients without CI 43.1±14.1 (p&lt;0.05), the mean disease evolution of SSc with CI was 12.9±9.8 vs without CI 5.67±4.9 years (p&lt;0.01) and 12 of 15 patients had the diffuse variety. A decrease in CP was observed in following lobes: frontal in 9 of 15 (60%) patients, temporal in 7 of 15 (46%), and parietal in 3 of 15 (20%). Concordance between MT and CG was 60% for the frontal, 46% for the temporal and 13% for the parietal lobes. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The CI is common in SSc. A decrease in CP was more frequent in the frontal lobe, predominating in older patients and with longer duration of SSc. It is important to investigate if vasodilators treatment could improve the CP. <h3>References</h3> Giuliodori G1, Fraticelli P, Bartolini M, Cagnetti C, Baruffaldi R, Rocchi MB, Provinciali L, Gabrielli A, Silvestrini M. Cognitive and cerebral hemodynamic impairment in scleroderma patients. Eur J Neurol. 2009;16(12):1285-90. Cutolo M, Nobili F, Sulli A, Pizzorni C, Briata M, Faelli F, Vitali P, Mariani G, Copello F, Seriolo B, Barone C, Rodriguez G. Evidence of cerebral hypoperfusion in scleroderma patients. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000; 39(12):1366-73. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
AB0886 Comparative Characteristics of the Change in Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: A. Vasilyev, D. Abdulganieva, S. Lapshina, L. Myasoutova
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To determine and compare the pattern of change in bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). <h3>Methods</h3> The study involved 52 patients with definite diagnosis of RA (1987 criteria.): women - 28 (53.8%), men - 24 (46.2%), aged 25 to 67 years (mean age 42,5±11, 3), with duration of disease - 8,2±6,7 years. Also, 58 patients were examined with documented diagnosis of AS according to ASAS (men - 33 (56.9%), women - 25 (43.1%), mean age 44,1±8,2 years, mean disease duration - 6 9±3,9 years. no significant differences by sex and age in these groups have been identified. <h3>Results</h3> According to the world criteria when evaluating BMD in the lumbar spine in patients with RA normal BMD was observed in 8 (15.4%) patients, osteopenia - in 29 (55.8%) and OP - in 15 (28.8%) people. In the femoral neck BMD was observed normal in 15 (28.8%) patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteopenia - in 24 (46.2%) and OP - 13 (25.0%) patients. Among AS patients normal BMD was observed in 10 (17.2%) patients, osteopenia - in 33 (56.9%) and OP - in 15 (25.8%) patients. In the proximal femur BMD normal occurred in 12 (20.7%) patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteopenia - in 32 (55.2%) and OP - in 14 (24.1%) patients. When comparing BMD at 3 points was found that patients with RA BMD was significantly lower (p&lt;0,01) at the femoral neck (0,87±0,18) and distal forearm (0,81±0,32), than AS patients (BMD at the femoral neck 0,90±0,18; in the distal forearm 0,85±0,29). For lumbar spine BMD similar differences in the two groups were established, but they were not significant. In assessing the functional status was found that patients with RA high index HAQ, the number of tender and swollen joints was significantly (p&lt;0,05) correlated with a more pronounced decrease in BMD in the spine and femoral neck. In AS similar correlation was observed in the spine, but was not significant. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this study, it was shown that decreasing BMD observed in a significant number of patients with RA and AS. In RA, decrease in spine BMD was significantly correlated with reduced functional status and increased number of tender and swollen joints. In AS this relationship was not significant. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Mandard tumor regression grade as a prognostic factor following preoperative chemotherapy/radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.
Authors: A. S. Dhadda, P. D. Dickinson, A. M. Zaitoun, E. M. Bessell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e14024 Background: To assess the prognostic value of the Mandard tumour regression score (TRG) following preoperative chemo/radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods: The study involved 94 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemo/radiotherapy at Nottingham University Hospital between April 2001 and December 2005. Patients were treated with CT planned radiotherapy to a dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks with or without concurrent capecitabine chemotherapy at a dose of 1,650 mg/m2/day. Surgery was performed after an interval of 6-10 weeks. The response to preoperative treatment was carefully graded by a single pathologist using the five point Mandard tumour regression grade (TRG). The median follow-up was 40 months (range 3-90 months). Results: Of the 94 patients 11% were TRG1, 39% were TRG2, 33% were TRG3, 16% were TRG4 and 1% were TRG5. In view of the small numbers in TRG4 and TRG5, the groups were combined into TRG1, TRG2 and TRG3-5 to simplify further analysis. The Mandard score was clearly related to both disease free (p = 0.001) and overall survival (p = 0.023) on Kaplan Meier analysis. The 5 year disease free and overall survival rate for patients with a complete response (TRG1) was 100%. Conclusions: The Mandard tumour regression score is a strong prognostic factor and predicts for long-term outcome following preoperative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer. The agreement of a reliable consistent method to evaluate tumour regression remains a clinical priority. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Rendering the 3 + 3 Design to Rest: More Efficient Approaches to Oncology Dose-Finding Trials in the Era of Targeted Therapy
Authors: Lei Nie, Eric H. Rubin, Nitin Mehrotra, José Pinheiro, Laura L. Fernandes, Amit Roy, Stuart Bailey, Dinesh P. de Alwis
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Selection of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) as the recommended dose for registration trials based on a dose-escalation trial using variations of an MTD/3 + 3 design often occurs in the development of oncology products. The MTD/3 + 3 approach is not optimal and may result in recommended doses that are unacceptably toxic for many patients and in dose reduction/interruptions that might have an impact on effectiveness. Instead of the MTD/3 + 3 approach, the authors recommend an integrated approach. In this approach, typically an adaptive/Bayesian model provides a general framework to incorporate and make decisions for dose escalation based on nonclinical data, such as animal efficacy and toxicity data; clinical data, including pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics data; and dose/exposure-response data for efficacy and safety. To improve dose-ranging trials, model-based estimation, rather than hypothesis testing, should be used to maximize and integrate the information gathered across trials and doses. This approach may improve identification of optimal recommended doses, which can then be confirmed in registration trials. Clin Cancer Res; 22(11); 2623-9. ©2016 AACR SEE ALL ARTICLES IN THIS CCR FOCUS SECTION, "NEW APPROACHES FOR OPTIMIZING DOSING OF ANTICANCER AGENTS".