tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tc-99m MDP Uptake in Herniated Stomach Tissue
Authors: C. DE SADELEER, C. VAN DE WIELE, F. DE WINTER, P. DE BONDT, R. A. DIERCKX
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A 50-year-old woman with midthoracic pain was referred for bone scintigraphy to exclude vertebral disease. Although planar and tomographic images of the spine revealed no vertebral abnormalities, increased Tc-99m MDP uptake was found in a prevertebral thoracic mass corresponding to herniated stomach tissue as shown by computed tomography. In the absence of infradiaphragmatic stomach visualization, gastric trapping of unreduced pertechnetate cannot explain this finding. In addition, chemical binding to hydroxyapatite crystals and amorphous salt, as seen in long-standing metastatic calcification, may not explain this because computed tomography revealed no calcifications. Instead, local tissue anoxia with increased lactate production and pH reduction resulting in an increased tissue affinity for Tc-99m MDP should be considered.
11C-MET PET/CT and Advanced MRI in the Evaluation of Tumor Recurrence in High-Grade Gliomas
Authors: Maria M. D’Souza, Rajnish Sharma, Abhinav Jaimini, Puja Panwar, Sanjiv Saw, Prabhjot Kaur, Anupam Mondal, Anil Mishra, Rajendra P. Tripathi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of l-[methyl-()11C]methionine (11C-MET) PET/CT and MRI (with the inclusion of advanced imaging techniques, namely, MR spectroscopy and MR perfusion) in the assessment of tumor recurrence in high-grade gliomas.Twenty-nine patients with high-grade gliomas who underwent surgical resection, external beam radiation therapy, and standard regimens of chemotherapy were subjected to MRI (conventional, MR perfusion, and MR spectroscopy) and 11C-MET PET/CT scans. A definitive diagnosis was made based on histopathology and/or long-term clinical and radiological follow-up. Several indices were obtained for lesion characterization, namely, SUVmean, SUVmax, and mean lesion-to-normal tissue on PET/CT, as well as relative cerebral blood volume and choline-to-creatine ratio on MRI.Histological examination revealed viable tumor cells in 19 cases, whereas the remaining 10 were deemed to be negative based on histology (3 cases) or long-term follow-up (7 cases). All the quantitative indices mentioned previously tended to be higher in patients with tumor recurrence/residual. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 11C-MET PET/CT in identifying tumor recurrence/residual were 94.7%, 80%, and 89.6%, respectively, whereas that of MRI were 84.2%, 90%, and 86.2%, respectively.Both 11C-MET PET/CT and MRI (with the inclusion of advanced MRI techniques) demonstrated a high diagnostic performance in the identification of tumor residual/recurrence in high-grade gliomas posttherapy. Although 11C-MET PET/CT seemed to be more sensitive, whereas advanced MRI seemed more specific, there was no statistically significant difference in the diagnostic performance of either modality in the present study. Further studies with a larger group of patients are warranted.
Abstract SY27-04: The signaling pathway of necrosome
Authors: Xiaodong Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Understanding Cell Death Xiaodong Wang, Ph.D. National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing Programmed cell death is a critical part of normal being in metazoan animals. Program cell death happens in two forms, apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptotic death is executed by a group of intracellular cysteine proteases, caspases, which are activated by apoptosis trigger. In contrast to apoptosis, the molecular mechanism of necrosis execution is poorly understood. Our laboratory has been using necrosis induced by TNF-α to study the biochemical pathway of necrosis. The programmed necrosis induced by TNF-α family of cytokines requires the activities of the receptor interacting serine-threonine kinases RIP1 and RIP3. Such form of cell death has now recognized to have important roles in animal development, tissue damage response, and innate immunity against microbes. How RIP kinases cause cell death is not known. In this meeting, I plan to discuss our recent progress in dissecting the molecular pathway downstream of RIP3 activation using a combination of tools from chemical biology, biochemistry and live cell imaging. We are able to map a necrotic pathway with discrete biochemical steps leading to the characteristic changes associated with necrosis. Moreover, we have identified a necrosis execution step that seems to be the convergent point of multiple necrosis pathways including necrosis induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium overload. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY27-04. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-SY27-04
FRI0080 Is fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis represented by the RADAI-5?
Authors: J. Sautner, B. Rintelen, A. Maktari, I. Andel, T. Nothnagl, B.F. Leeb
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Fatigue is a cardinal symptom in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Index comprising five questions (RADAI-5) (1) is a patient centred disease activity measurement tool (a questionnaire covering 5 questions) used in every day clinical routine that does not include any question addressing fatigue. It was of interest to investigate if the RADAI-5 is influenced by fatigue as such. <h3>Methods</h3> 189 outclinic RA patients (74% female, mean age 63,6 years, mean disease duration 112 months) were asked to indicate the amount of fatigue during the last 7 days on an 11 point numerical rating scale (from 0 representing "no fatigue at all" to 10 representing "extreme fatigue") and also to complete the RADAI-5 questionnaire. To correlate fatigue and the RADAI-5 Spearman's rho and kappa were calculated. <h3>Results</h3> The mean RADAI-5 amounted to 3.19 (95%CI 2.87 – 3.51) indicating mild to moderate disease activity. The mean fatigue reached 4.11 (95%CI 3.73 – 4.49). Correlation between fatigue and RADAI-5 was moderate with rho 0.584 (p&lt;0.01). Every single of the five RADAI-5-questions is moderately correlated to fatigue (rho: 0.470 - 0.604) showing the best correlation for question 4 ("How do you describe your general health today?" ranging from 0 "very good" to 10 "very bad"). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Fatigue is moderately correlated to the general RADAI-5 as well as to the single questions. The best correlation could be shown for question 4 addressing general health. This is in line with another investigation of our group showing a good correlation between fatigue and patient satisfaction with the course of the disease (PATSAT). <h3>References</h3> Leeb BF, Haindl PM, Maktari A et al. J Rheumatol. 2008 Jul;35(7):1294-9; <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Website of the week: Nightclubbing
Authors: R. MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A paper in this week's BMJ (p 603) describes how analysing the contents of a nightclub's “amnesty bin” can alert health professionals to the compounds that the clubbers are taking. Websites on clubbing generally do not portray young people in a great light. One that I visited offered the opportunity to humiliate your best friend by having a picture of them before a night's clubbing and then a picture of them as a drug crazed, sweaty wreck afterwards (www.birminghamclubbing.co.uk/tragic.htm).

However, one site has sunk so low that it perhaps deserves to be mentioned here as deception of the week rather than as website of the week. Citygobo.com describes itself as an “interactive nightlife guide to clubbing, drinking, eating and events.” Currently featuring cities in Belgium and Poland, it offers information to young consumers about “what's hot.” But according to a report in the Independent on Sunday (9 September), citygobo.com was created by British American Tobacco (BAT), the world's second largest tobacco company, at an initial cost of £2.5m to attract young people into clubs that promote its cigarette brands. The website's domain name is registered to CG Ventures, which is a subsidiary of BAT, although the site does not mention BAT and claims to give independent advice. Not surprisingly, the site has provoked an outcry, particularly from ASH (www.ash.org.uk), whose spokesman John Connolly has called it “plain deceitful.” However, a BAT spokeswoman told the Independent on Sunday that citygobo was “simply a nightlife site” which aimed “to create the best web based nightlife guide available.” Hmmm!

There is some good news, however. Oxfam Slam is being repeated in October (www.oxfam.org.uk/slam/index.html). Over the past two years more than 34 000 clubbers have happily parted with an extra £1 for Oxfam when out partying on Slam night. Who says that the youth of today don't care?
Abstract SY05-02: Understanding colorectal cancer as a stem cell hierarchy.
Authors: Eduard Batlle
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The inner layer of the intestinal tube, the intestinal epithelium, is in a constant process of renewal. Hundreds of millions of terminally differentiated intestinal cells are replaced by new cells every day during the life of an adult organism. This tremendous regenerative power is ultimately sustained by a small population of intestinal stem cells. It is believed that alterations in the biology of human colon stem cells (CoSCs) account for the pathophysiology of various large-bowel disorders, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Yet, the identification of human CoSCs remains elusive. We have recently achieved for the first time the isolation of stem cells of the human colonic epithelium. Differential cell surface abundance of the receptor EPHB2 allows the purification of different cell types from human normal colon mucosa biopsies. Colon epithelial cells with highest EPHB2 levels exhibit the longest telomeres and express markers characteristic of intestinal stem cells. Using culturing conditions that recreate the intestinal stem cell niche, a substantial proportion of EPHB2-high cells can be expanded in vitro as an undifferentiated and multipotent population. Furthermore, we have also discovered that most human CRCs are constituted by cell populations with phenotypes similar to either CoSCs or intestinal differentiated cells organized into well-defined compartments. CoSC-like cells purified from primary CRCs generate tumors in immunodeficient mice with high efficiency and display both self-renewal and differentiation capacity. We demonstrated that CRC shares a common hierarchy with the intestinal mucosa and that the acquisition of an intestinal stem cell gene program is a central process during disease relapse after therapeutic intervention. Here I will present our latest data on the mechanisms employed by CRC stem cells to regenerate a new tumor at the metastatic site. We have discovered that metastasis relies on a tumor cell non-autonomous program expressed in the microenvironment. This stromal program confers a survival advantage to the disseminated CRC stem cells during the initial phase of metastasis. Citation Format: Eduard Batlle. Understanding colorectal cancer as a stem cell hierarchy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY05-02. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-SY05-02
THU0423 CCL18 – a potential biomarker of fibro-inflammatory activity in chronic periaortitis
Authors: F. Kollert, M. Binder, C. Probst, M. Uhl, A. Zirlik, G. Kayser, R.E. Voll, H.-H. Peter, G. Zissel, A. Prasse, K. Warnatz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Promising therapeutic approaches have emerged in chronic periaortitis, whereas peripheral blood biomarkers are lacking. CCL18 is known as a marker of fibrotic activity and prognosis in pulmonary fibrosis<sup>1</sup>. <h3>Objectives</h3> In this study we investigated whether CCL18 levels are increased in patients with chronic periaortitis and associated with clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings. <h3>Methods</h3> In this retrospective study, serum concentrations of CCL18 were assessed in 30 patients with chronic periaortitis and related to clinical data, laboratory parameters and imaging studies. Serum levels were compared to 15 apparently healthy volunteers and 15 controls with aortic sclerosis. <h3>Results</h3> CCL18 serum concentrations were increased in patients with chronic periaortitis (197.6 (262.2; 163.8) ng/ml) compared to healthy volunteers (34.6 (53.6; 27.7) ng/ml; p&lt;0.0001) and controls with aortic sclerosis (50.4 (24.5-141.2) ng/ml; p&lt;0.0001). CCL18 levels correlated (n=30; r=0.461; p=0.01) and increased with the transversal diameter of the periaortic mantle &lt;5, 5-10 and ≥10 mm (p=0.008). Contrast enhancement (p=0.044), treatment naivety (p=0.042), and the occurrence of systemic symptoms (p=0.007) were associated with higher CCL18 levels. During follow-up changes of CCL18 correlated with changes of the transverse diameter of the periaortic mantle (n=17; r=0.512; p=0.033) <h3>Conclusions</h3> CCL18 serum concentration reflects fibro-inflammatory activity and disease extent in patients with chronic periaortitis. <h3>References</h3> Prasse A, Probst C, Bargagli E, Zissel G, Toews GB, Flaherty KR, et al. Serum CCchemokine ligand 18 concentration predicts outcome in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2009;179:717-723. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
PWE-115 A 13-year, single-centre experience of glucose hydrogen breath testing
Authors: K Evans, E Lunn, S Raza, D Elphick, D S Sanders
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Historically, the gold standard for diagnosing small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has been quantitative culture of jejunal aspirate. However this test is costly and invasive. More commonly in clinical practice the glucose hydrogen breath test (GHBT) is used. We aimed to determine which clinical features and baseline laboratory investigations indicate a high likelihood of SIBO as defined by positive GHBT. <h3>Methods</h3> We undertook a retrospective analysis of records for all patients referred for GHBT at a single teaching hospital over a 13-year period 1998–2010. Data collected included age, sex, baseline and peak hydrogen levels, previous surgical procedures, comorbidities, haemoglobin levels, vitamin B<sub>12</sub>, folate, ferritin and albumin levels. A positive result was a rise in hydrogen of at least 20 ppm, or methane of 12 ppm, over the baseline for each gas. <h3>Results</h3> 447 patients were identified (120 male, median age 56 years, range 17–90). Overall 84/447 (18.8%) of tests were positive. The patient characteristics associated with a positive result were concurrent use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) (p=0.0005), previous partial gastrectomy (p&lt;0.0001), previous right hemicolectomy (p=0.0004), and age over 75 tears p&lt;0.0001. The laboratory investigations predictive of a positive result were low vitamin B<sub>12</sub> (p=0.02) and low albumin &lt;30 g/dl (p=0.03). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This is the largest single centre study of factors predictive of SIBO as defined by positive GHBT. Use of proton pump inhibitor, partial gastrectomy, right hemicolectomy, age over 75 years, low vitamin B<sub>12</sub> and low albumin were predictive of SIBO. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
AB0347 Subcutaneuos (sc) methotrexate (mtx) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) as a part of “treat to target” (t2t) strategy in real practice: preliminary results of remarca study
Authors: D. Karateev, E. Luchikhina, G. Gridneva, Y. Muravyev, N. Demidova, G. Lukina, E. Lopareva, Y. Olyunin, E. Nasonov
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Monotherapy with MTX is the first step of RA therapy as recommended by EULAR. In accordance with the principles of T2T insufficient response to MTX requires quick switch to a combination therapy with biological agents. <h3>Objectives</h3> We compared the short-term results of treatment of patients who responded well to MTX, and patients who switched to combination therapy after MTX failure. <h3>Methods</h3> The REMARCA (Russian investigation of MethotrexAte and biologics in eaRly aCtive inflammatory Arthritis) ongoing investigator-initiated study includes patients with active RA who had not received SC MTX before. All patients start the treatment with SC MTX monotherapy using fast increase of the dose from 10 to 25 mg per week. The use of glucocorticoids is mainly limited to intra-articular injections. Patients are investigated monthly during first 3 months, after that therapy is revised every 3 months. The goal of treatment is to achieve clinical remission or low disease activity (LDA) in combination with good response to therapy as quickly as possible according T2T recommendations. If these results are not obtained for the next control point, we discuss to switch to combination therapy with biological agents. <h3>Results</h3> By January 2013, 128 patients with RA were included in the study, and 53 patients (18 males, 35 females, 66% anti-CCP positive, mean duration of disease 22,3 months, including 28 pts with early RA with duration of symptoms ≥6 months) have passed the 3 months control point, 26 patients - 6 months. After 3 months the efficacy of SC MTX have met the goal in 26 (49%) of patients. Switching to combination with biologics was required in 27 (51%) of patients: adalimumab in 16, certolizumab pegol in 3, abatacept in 7 and rituximab in 1 patient. The relations between achievement of LDA or remission according to different indices of activity and the treatment regimens are shown in the table (all differences are not statistically significant). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Active treatment with SC MTX monotherapy can lead to the good results in the majority of patients responding to treatment (≈70% LDA, ≈39% remission). In the group of patients resistant to MTX, even a combination with a biological agent gives less response to treatment in the short term period. <h3>References</h3> Smolen J., Landewé R., Breedveld F., et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2010, 69:964–75 Smolen J, Aletaha D, Bijlsma J, et al. Treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: recommendations of an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis, 2010, 69: 631-637 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
HEART RATE VARIABILITY, ASSESSED IN ONE MINUTE WINDOWS, PROVIDES INSIGHT INTO THE TIME COURSE OF CHANGES IN AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ACTIVITY
Authors: Carl Hayward, Hitesh Patel, Sanjay Manohar, Julian Waton, Lee Middleton, Andrew Wardle, Alexander Lyon, Richard Sutton, Stuart Rosen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
High Fluorine-18 Labeled Deoxyglucose Uptake in Sarcoidosis
Authors: SEIEI YASUDA, AKIRA SHOHTSU, MICHIRU IDE, SHIGEHARU TAKAGI, JUNNICHI OGAWA, TOSHIO MITOMI, YUTAKA SUZUKI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

A 72-year-old man underwent a whole-body fluorine-18 labeled deoxyglucose (FDG) PET study for cancer screening. On the PET images, multiple foci of intense FDG uptake were noted in the mediastinum. CT scan showed enlarged mediastinal nodes. Chest X-ray was normal. Mediastinoscopy and lymph node biopsy were performed. Histology results showed noncaseating granulomas and a diagnosis of sarcoidosis was obtained. The patient was asymptomatic and was observed without medications. Early reports have indicated that high FDG uptake can be observed in sarcoid granulomas. Inflammatory cells, especially macrophages, are characterized as cells with high glucose use. In interpreting multiple increased FDG accumulations in the mediastinum, sarcoidosis needs to be considered as a differential diagnosis.
Pulmonary “Hypersensitivity” Reactions Induced by Transfusion of Non-HL-A Leukoagglutinins
Authors: John S. Thompson, Charles D. Severson, Michael J. Parmely, Barry L. Marmorstein, Arthur Simmons
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Abstract In two cases of normovolemic pulmonary edema associated with whole-blood transfusion, clinical manifestations included abrupt onset of chills, fever, tachycardia, dyspnea and cough. Cyanosis and hypotension occurred in the more severe case, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates without confirmatory evidence of circulatory overload were present in both. Antibody reacting with recipient leukocytes was identified in the donor serum in both cases by the capillary agglutination technic but not by a standard lymphocyte microcytotoxicity method. Characterization of the antibody in Case 1 revealed that it detected a specificity that was probably not directly related to the HL-A locus, the neutrophil antigens NA1, NB1, NC1 or the 5a–5b locus. Although over five years had elapsed since the last pregnancy, both the responsible donors were multiparous, raising concern about the use of whole blood from multiparous donors particularly when multiple transfusions must be administered.
USE OF ORAL STEROID AND ITS EFFECTS ON ATRIAL FIBRILLATION RECURRENCE AND INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES POST ABLATION - THE STEROID AF STUDY: A RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL
Authors: Sandia Iskandar, Muhammad Afzal, Johnson Rajasingh, Donita Atkins, Sudharani Bommana, Linda Umbarger, Melissa Jaeger, James Vacek, Rhea Pimentel, Madhu Reddy, Raghuveer Dendi, Martin Emert, Luigi Di Biase, Andrea Natale, Dhanunjaya Lakkireddy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)