tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Heart Failure and Hypertension
Authors: T Lawrence, P A McKee, W P Castelli, P M McNamara, W B Kannel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

A major burden of modern society is the progressive increase in age-associated disorders such as heart failure (HF) [59].Symptomatic HF is affecting nearly 15 million Europeans and 10,000 people are newly diagnosed every day [59].In the US, HF contributes to an economic burden close to $40 billion per year and affects 1-2 % of the US population [39].With the high prevalence of systemic hypertension, obesity and diabetes mellitus in our society, it is expected that the incidence of HF will continue to increase [39].Figure 21.1 highlights that the actual burden of HF exceeds the projected burden according to the American Heart Association [39,53].With the increasing prevalence of symptomatic HF there is a need for early and accurate diagnosis and a better treatment regimen in helping people deal with this progressive chronic condition.While traditionally associated with the concept of pump failure or reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), it has become widely recognized that HF can occur even when EF is preserved, constituting the syndrome of HF with preserved EF (HFpEF) or so called diastolic HF [53] which is characterized by impaired LV relaxation, increased LV stiffness, and modified extracellular matrix proteins.The majority of the patients with HFpEF have a history of hypertension [53].HFpEF now accounts for more than 50 % of the HF hospitalizations.Symptomatic HF with or without reduced EF has a poor prognosis [10,46,52].In the recent meta-analysis which included 10,347 patients with HFpEF and 31,625 patients with HF and reduced EF (HFrEF), the authors compared survival in these groups using individual patient data [46].Overall, there were 121 [95 % confi-
Owning up to the role of historical information
Authors: Nicholaus S. Noles, Judith H. Danovitch
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Although the inherence heuristic is a versatile cognitive process that addresses a wide range of psychological phenomena, we propose that ownership information represents an important test case for evaluating both the boundaries of Cimpian &amp; Salomon's (C&amp;S's) model (e.g., is the inherence heuristic meaningfully limited to only inherent factors?) and its effectiveness as a mechanism for explaining psychological essentialism.
Organic unity theory: the mind-body problem revisited
Authors: A Goodman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1991)

The purpose of this essay is to delineate the conceptual framework for psychiatry as an integrated and integrative science that unites the mental and the physical. Four basic philosophical perspectives concerning the relationship between mind and body are introduced. The biopsychosocial model, at this time the preeminent model in medical science that addresses this relationship, is examined and found to be flawed. Mental-physical identity theory is presented as the most valid philosophical approach to understanding the relationship between mind and body. Organic unity theory is then proposed as a synthesis of the biopsychosocial model and mental-physical identity theory in which the difficulties of the biopsychosocial model are resolved. Finally, some implications of organic unity theory for psychiatry are considered. 1) The conventional dichotomy between physical (organic) and mental (functional) is linguistic/conceptual rather than inherent in nature, and all events and processes involved in the etiology, pathogenesis, symptomatic manifestation, and treatment of psychiatric disorders are simultaneously biological and psychological. 2) Neuroscience requires new conceptual models to comprehend the integrated and emergent physiological processes to which psychological phenomena correspond. 3) Introspective awareness provides data that are valid for scientific inquiry and is the most direct method of knowing psychophysical events. 4) Energy currently being expended in disputes between biological and psychological psychiatry would be more productively invested in attempting to formulate the conditions under which each approach is maximally effective.
Graduation Gift
Authors: Kevin J. Kovatch
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Enzyme Induction
Authors: Thomas D. Gelehrter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Enzyme Induction and Drug MetabolismThe simultaneous administration of two or more drugs may result in interactions that increase or decrease the intended effects of one or both drugs.44 These interactions are often the result of induced alterations in the metabolism of the drugs. A wide variety of unrelated chemical agents are also capable of enhancing the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes, and this accelerated metabolism alters the duration and intensity of action of a variety of pharmacologic agents. The physiologic consequences of altered metabolism depend on the relative biologic activities of the parent compound and its metabolites.45 46 47 The enzymes involved . . .
FRI0356 Studies on Ageing and the Severity of Radiographic Joint Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: L. Mangnus, H.W. van Steenbergen, E. Lindqvist, E. Brouwer, M. Reijnierse, T.W. Huizinga, P.K. Gregersen, E. Berglin, S. Rantapää-Dahlqvist, D. van der Heijde, A.H. van der Helm-van Mil
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> The western population is ageing. It is unknown whether age at diagnosis affects the severity of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), we therefore performed the present study. <h3>Methods</h3> 1,875 RA-patients (7,219 radiographs) included in five European and North-American cohorts (Leiden-EAC, Wichita, Umeå, Groningen and Lund) were studied on associations between age at diagnosis and joint damage severity. In 698 Leiden RA-patients with 7-years follow-up it was explored if symptom duration, anti-citrullinated-peptide-antibodies (ACPA), swollen joint count (SJC) and C-reactive-protein (CRP) mediated the association of age with joint damage. Fifty-six other RA-patients of the EAC-cohort underwent baseline MRIs of wrist, MCP and MTP-joints; MRI-inflammation (RAMRIS-synovitis plus bone marrow edema) was also evaluated in mediation analyses. Linear regression and multivariate normal regression models were used. <h3>Results</h3> Analysis on the five cohorts and the Leiden-EAC separately revealed 1.026-fold and 1.034-fold increase of radiographic joint damage per year increase in age (β=1.026, 1.034, both p&lt;0.001); this effect was present at baseline and constant over time. Age correlated stronger with baseline erosion-scores compared to joint space narrowing (JSN)-scores (r=0.38 versus 0.29). Symptom duration, ACPA, SJC and CRP did not mediate the association of age with joint damage severity. Age was significantly associated with the MRI-inflammation-score after adjusting for CRP and SJC (β=1.018, p=0.027). The association of age with joint damage (β=1.032, p=0.004) decreased after also including the MRI-inflammation-score (β=1.025, p=0.021), suggesting partial mediation. <h3>Conclusions</h3> RA-patients presenting at higher age have more severe joint damage; this might be partially explained by more severe MRI-detected inflammation at higher age. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Experimental Studies on the Mode of Action of Biguanides
Authors: H DAWEKE, I BACH
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SAT0241 The Impact of Ankylosing Spondylitis in Turkey on Productivity at Work Outside Home and Within the Household
Authors: D. Solmaz, P. Cetin, O.N. Pamuk, A. Cefle, G. Keser, M.A. Ozturk, M. Sayarlıoğlu, M. Turgay, N. Inanc, R.A. Sari, S. Akar, S. Senel, S.S. Koca, S. Kobak, T. Senturk, U. Kalyoncu, V. Cobankara, Y. Karaarslan, Y. Pehlivan, N. Akkoc
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is associated with a high disease burden. The greatest contributor to the burden is loss of productivity. The data on productivity loss in Turkish patients with AS is scarce. Work Productivity Survey (WPS) is a validated tool in AS to assess productivity during the preceding month, both at work and at home. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study is to assess work productivity in Turkish AS patients using the WPS. <h3>Methods</h3> A total of 397 patients with AS (males:71.4%, mean age: 40.5, mean disease duration 6.8 years) from 19 rheumatology centers across Turkey were included in the study. Patients, with the help of a health professional, completed questionnaires for BASDAI, BASFI, HAQ-S, ASQoL and EQ-5D, total and nocturnal pain and WPS. Student9s t test was used to compare continuous variables and chi square analysis was used to compare categorical variables. The association between the responses to WPS questions and scores of disease activity, functional and quality of life scores was assessed using Kendall correlation coefficients. <h3>Results</h3> Of all the patients, 62.4% of were employed, 16.1% were homemakers, 9.6% were retired, 3.0% were student and 5.3% were unable to work due to AS. Non-working patients, as compared to the working patients, were older (44 vs 38, p: &lt;0.001), more likely to be female (54% vs 14%, p: &lt;0.001) and had less favorable scores for BASDAI (3.8 vs 3.0, p: &lt;0.015), BASFI (2.9 vs 2.3, p: 0.001), HAQ (0.8 vs 0.5, p: &lt;0.001), EQ-5D (0.6 vs 0.7, p: 0.005) and productivity. Working AS patients reported missing 1.2 days of work and had 2.8 days productivity reduced by at least half. As compared to the working patients, the non-working patients missed more days of housework (5.4 vs 2.9), more days of family, social or leisure activities, more and had more days with outside help, more days with reduced productivity in house work in the past month (for all comparisons, p: &lt;0.001). However, no difference was observed between the working and not working female patients. WPS questions were shown to have moderate correlation with other clinical and health related quality scores either at workplace or at home (range from r: 0.268 to r: 0.481) (Figure). <h3>Conclusions</h3> AS has a considerable impact on productivity for working and non-working patients, particularly in females. WPS is a useful tool to appreciate the burden of disease in patients with AS not only at workplace, but at also at home, which may be even more important in populations with a low women9s workforce participation rates. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> This study was supported by an unrestricted financial grant from UCB. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Sensitivity of psychiatric diagnosis based on the best estimate procedure
Authors: T A Kosten, B J Rounsaville
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

A "best estimate" diagnosis is one made by expert clinicians on the basis of diagnostic information from direct interview conducted by another clinician plus information from medical records and from reports of family members. The authors address the question of whether the best estimate procedure can enhance the classification of psychiatric diagnoses of subjects who are interviewed directly.Four hundred seventy-five subjects were interviewed directly: 201 opiate-addicted probands who sought treatment from a university-based clinic and 274 of their spouses and/or first-degree relatives. Subjects were interviewed by trained clinical assessors using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia and classified according to Research Diagnostic Criteria. Two psychologists independently diagnosed the same subjects by applying the best estimate procedure. Lifetime rates of major and minor depressive disorder, antisocial personality, alcoholism, and drug abuse were calculated. The rates of diagnoses made on the basis of direct interviews alone were compared with the rates of diagnoses made according to the best estimate procedure.Higher rates of diagnoses of all four disorders were made when the best estimate procedure was applied than when direct interview alone was used; the best estimate procedure also resulted in a minimal rate of false positives.The higher rate of diagnoses based on the best estimate procedure may represent an enhancement in the accuracy of psychiatric diagnoses or an increase in erroneous diagnoses. The authors consider the second possibility less likely.
Estimating Vitamin D Status and the Choice of Supplementation Dose
Authors: Cédric Annweiler, Guillaume Duval, Cyrille P. Launay
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
The neurobiological origins of psychoanalytic dream theory
Authors: R W McCarley, J A Hobson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

Freud built his model of the mind and his hypotheses about dreaming directly on the structure of his neurobiological model of the brain, which was developed in the "Project for a Scientific Psychology", written in 1895. Among the concepts modeled in this work were ego, somatic drives as motivationally critical, cathexes of psychic energy, wish fulfillment, and primary and secondary process. From the vantage point of more than 80 years later, the authors indicate the areas in which many of Freud's neurobiological assumptions are inacurrate. Revisions are needed in the neurobiologically derived psychoanalytic concepts, especially those of Freud's wish fulfillment-disguise theory of dreams.
Ectopic Pancreas Presenting as a Large Gastric Antral Papilla
Authors: U Gottschalk, B Casper, G Boden
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Ectopic pancreatic tissue localized in the distal stomach rarely presents symptoms unless it is complicated by bleeding or mucosal ulceration. The appearance on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) examination is characterized by an indistinct margin, a heterogeneous appearance, and location within either the third or the fourth echo layer [1]. Thickening of the fourth echo layer (muscular hypertrophy) has commonly been seen.
An Older Female Patient With Abdominal Distention
Authors: Hao-Yu Lin, Yuan-Huei Huang, Ming-Chi Yang
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

An 84-year-old woman presented with 2 days of progressive abdominal distention and nausea, a distended abdomen without peritoneal signs on examination, an elevated white blood cell count, and segmental small-bowel dilatation on abdominal x-ray. What is your diagnosis?
Occurrence of Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin in Austria
Authors: F Allerberger, A Liesegang, K Grif, R Prager, J Danzl, F Höck, J Ottl, M P Dierich, C Berghold, I Neckstaller, H Tschäpe, I. S.T. Fisher
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2002)

In Austria, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin, a bovine-adapted serovar, rarely causes infections in humans. In 2000, Austria was within the European mean with an incidence of 0.1 per million inhabitants. Our data show that the vast majority of all serovar Dublin infections (human and non-human) can be traced epidemiologically to two districts in the Tyrol. This concentration of cases can be explained by a particularly traditional aspect of cattle farming in this area, the alpine pasture. There is an increased risk of cross infection due to the communal keeping of animals from various farms. Infected cattle are a source of infection for humans, and transmission usually occurs from eating beef and drinking cows’ milk. Using pulsed field gel electrophoresis and automated ribotyping, three out of five isolates from human infections could be traced to characteristic Tyrolean Dublin clones. Bacteriological screening for faecal carriage before the transfer of cattle from risk-herds to the alpine pastures and before the return from risk-pastures to the farms would be a possible starting point to prevent cross-contamination of large mixed herds and contamination of pasture through latently infected cattle. Appropriate research is necessary.
Canakinumab treatment for patients with active recurrent or chronic TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS): an open-label, phase II study
Authors: Marco Gattorno, Laura Obici, Marco Cattalini, Vincent Tormey, Ken Abrams, Nicole Davis, Antonio Speziale, Suraj G Bhansali, Alberto Martini, Helen J Lachmann
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of canakinumab, a high-affinity human monoclonal anti-interleukin-1β antibody, in inducing complete or almost complete responses in patients with active tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS). Methods Twenty patients (aged 7–78 years) with active recurrent or chronic TRAPS were treated with canakinumab 150 mg every 4 weeks for 4 months (2 mg/kg for those ≤40 kg) in this open-label, proof-of-concept, phase II study. Canakinumab was then withdrawn for up to 5 months, with reintroduction on relapse, and 4 weekly administration (subsequently increased to every 8 weeks) for 24 months. The primary efficacy variable was the proportion of patients achieving complete or almost complete response at day 15, defined as clinical remission (Physician's Global Assessment score ≤1) and full or partial serological remission. Results Nineteen patients (19/20, 95%; 95% CI 75.1% to 99.9%) achieved the primary efficacy variable. Responses to canakinumab occurred rapidly; median time to clinical remission 4 days (95% CI 3 to 8 days). All patients relapsed after canakinumab was withdrawn; median time to relapse 91.5 days (95% CI 65 to 117 days). On reintroduction of canakinumab, clinical and serological responses were similar to those seen during the first phase, and were sustained throughout treatment. Canakinumab was well tolerated and clinical responses were accompanied by rapid and sustained improvement in health-related quality of life. Weight normalised pharmacokinetics of canakinumab, although limited, appeared to be consistent with historical canakinumab data. Conclusions Canakinumab induces rapid disease control in patients with active TRAPS, and clinical benefits are sustained during long-term treatment. Trial registration number NCT01242813; Results.
Functional Validation and Clinical Significance Of a Newly Established Non-Transferrin-Bound Iron (NTBI) Assay System Utilizing Conventional Automated Analyzer
Authors: Satoshi Ito, Katsuya Ikuta, Lynda Addo, Mayumi Hatayama, Yasumichi Toki, Hiroki Tanaka, Junki Inamura, Motohiro Shindo, Yoshihiro Torimoto, Yutaka Kohgo
Journal: Blood (2013)