tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patient-derived xenografts from breast cancer patients before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A prospective study.
Authors: Judy Caroline Boughey, Jia Yu, Ping Yin, Bowen Gao, Jason P. Sinnwell, Ann M. Moyer, Daniel W. Visscher, Amy L. Conners, Travis J. Dockter, Krishna R. Kalari, Katie N. Jones, Sarah A. McLaughlin, John A. Copland, Alvaro Moreno-Aspitia, Donald W. Northfelt, Richard J. Gray, Vera J. Suman, Richard M. Weinshilboum, Matthew P. Goetz, Liewei Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

11130 Background: Use of next generation sequencing (NGS) in the neoadjuvant setting results in identification of drug targets/pathways associated with chemotherapy resistance. PDX may be superior to cell line models for validation given their similarity to parental tumors. There are no data on PDX from percutaneous needle biopsy (PNB) prior to chemotherapy or from residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: The Breast Cancer Genome Guided Therapy Study (BEAUTY) is a prospective study of high-risk breast cancer patients (pts) treated with neoadjuvant paclitaxel +/- trastuzumab followed by anthracycline based chemotherapy. PNB at baseline and surgical residual disease after chemotherapy are obtained for NGS and PDX. Tumors were implanted in flanks of estradiol supplemented NOD-SCID or NSG mice. Definitions: outgrowth rate - % pts with 1+ PDX tumor volume >50 mm3, take rate - % pts with 1+ stably transplanted PDX. Results: Pretreatment PNB from 83 unique pts were implanted in 266 mice (2-4 mice/pt) from 3/2012-7/2013. PDX outgrowth rate was 37.3% (31/83) and take rate 31.3% (26/83) Take rates were triple negative (TN) 51.9% (14/27), ER+/Her2+ 41.7% (5/12), ER-/Her2+ 27.3% (3/11), Luminal B 17.4% (4/23) and Luminal A 0% (0/10) and did not differ by Ki67. Histological assessment of the first 8 PDX demonstrated similarity to parent tumor in histology (ductal tumors-8/8) and grade (7/8). Tumor subtype in the PDX was concordant in TN tumors (5/5); however ER expression was lost in PDXs from Luminal B tumors (2/2). Residual tumor at surgery from 17 pts was injected into 83 mice (median 5 mice/pt). Outgrowth rate was 35% (6/17) and take rate 17% (3/17). All were TN grade III tumors with Ki67 ≥90% at surgery. PDXs generated were concordant with the residual disease histology, tumor subtype and grade. Conclusions: These are the first data to show PDX generated in the neoadjuvant setting both before and after chemotherapy. PDX take rate varies by tumor subtype with highest take in TN and ER+/Her2+ tumors. Early data suggest that the ER expression may be lost in PDX from luminal B tumors. The generation of PDX from tumors resistant to chemotherapy may provide an important resource for drug testing and development. Clinical trial information: NCT02022202.
BCL2-Inhibitors Target a Major Group of Newly-Diagnosed and Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia Ex Vivo
Authors: Mika Kontro, Samuli Eldfors, Muntasir Mamun Majumder, Alun Parsons, Tea Pemovska, Olli Kallioniemi, Krister Wennerberg, Caroline A Heckman, Kimmo Porkka
Journal: Blood (2015)
Association Between MRI Exposure During Pregnancy and Fetal and Childhood Outcomes
Authors: Joel G. Ray, Marian J. Vermeulen, Aditya Bharatha, Walter J. Montanera, Alison L. Park
Journal: JAMA (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Fetal safety of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during the first trimester of pregnancy or with gadolinium enhancement at any time of pregnancy is unknown. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the long-term safety after exposure to MRI in the first trimester of pregnancy or to gadolinium at any time during pregnancy. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Universal health care databases in the province of Ontario, Canada, were used to identify all births of more than 20 weeks, from 2003-2015. <h3>Exposures</h3> Magnetic resonance imaging exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy, or gadolinium MRI exposure at any time in pregnancy. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> For first-trimester MRI exposure, the risk of stillbirth or neonatal death within 28 days of birth and any congenital anomaly, neoplasm, and hearing or vision loss was evaluated from birth to age 4 years. For gadolinium-enhanced MRI in pregnancy, connective tissue or skin disease resembling nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF-like) and a broader set of rheumatological, inflammatory, or infiltrative skin conditions from birth were identified. <h3>Results</h3> Of 1 424 105 deliveries (48% girls; mean gestational age, 39 weeks), the overall rate of MRI was 3.97 per 1000 pregnancies. Comparing first-trimester MRI (n = 1737) to no MRI (n = 1 418 451), there were 19 stillbirths or deaths vs 9844 in the unexposed cohort (adjusted relative risk [RR], 1.68; 95% CI, 0.97 to 2.90) for an adjusted risk difference of 4.7 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, −1.6 to 11.0). The risk was also not significantly higher for congenital anomalies, neoplasm, or vision or hearing loss. Comparing gadolinium MRI (n = 397) with no MRI (n = 1 418 451), the hazard ratio for NSF-like outcomes was not statistically significant. The broader outcome of any rheumatological, inflammatory, or infiltrative skin condition occurred in 123 vs 384 180 births (adjusted HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.69) for an adjusted risk difference of 45.3 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 11.3 to 86.8). Stillbirths and neonatal deaths occurred among 7 MRI-exposed vs 9844 unexposed pregnancies (adjusted RR, 3.70; 95% CI, 1.55 to 8.85) for an adjusted risk difference of 47.5 per 1000 pregnancies (95% CI, 9.7 to 138.2). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Exposure to MRI during the first trimester of pregnancy compared with nonexposure was not associated with increased risk of harm to the fetus or in early childhood. Gadolinium MRI at any time during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of a broad set of rheumatological, inflammatory, or infiltrative skin conditions and for stillbirth or neonatal death. The study may not have been able to detect rare adverse outcomes.
Neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd: <scp>YAG</scp> ) 1064‐nm picosecond laser vs. Nd: <scp>YAG</scp> 1064‐nm nanosecond laser in tattoo removal: a randomized controlled single‐blind clinical trial
Authors: F. Pinto, S. Große‐Büning, S. Karsai, C. Weiß, W. Bäumler, S. Hammes, M. Felcht, C. Raulin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

BackgroundFor decades, nanosecond lasers (NSLs) have been used to remove tattoos. Since 2012, pulses of picosecond lasers (PSLs) have been available for tattoo removal. Based on a few observational studies, the claim has been made that PSLs are considerably more effective while showing fewer side‐effects in comparison with NSLs.
Thymectomy improves outcomes in myasthenia gravis, trial shows
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Surgical removal of the thymus gland significantly improves clinical outcomes and reduces the need for immunosuppressive therapy in patients with the autoimmune condition myasthenia gravis, results from the first randomised trial to compare surgery with steroid treatment1 have shown.

Thymectomy has been the mainstay of treatment for myasthenia gravis for decades but there has previously been no conclusive evidence of its benefit. The condition is caused by circulating antibodies that block acetylcholine …
Association Between Serum Calcium Level and the Size and Expansion of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Mark J. Alberts, Ravi Sarode
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Registry of Gastric Cancer Treatment Evaluation (REGATE): Variations in nonsurgical therapies.
Authors: S. Yalcin, M. Serralva, P. Arbeloa, W. Kang, Y. Bang, M. Gumus, C. Wu, A. Roth, E. B. Ecstein-Fraïssé, M. Ter-Ovanesov
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

4118 Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The REGATE international disease registry was designed to describe the geographic pattern of GC treatment in order to improve patient (pt) care. Methods: From August 2004 to July 2008, 10,124 pts with newly diagnosed primary GC were enrolled; data were collected at an initial visit and <10 months later. Sample size was dependent on GC prevalence in participating countries. Treatments are reported globally and by region. Other characteristics, including staging of disease, are described elsewhere. Results: Analyses were performed for 9,965 pts (98%) who had documentation on treatment received in Europe (E), Asia-Pacific (AP), Latin America (LA), North Africa (NA) and on the Indian subcontinent (IS). In all regions, neoadjuvant (Neoadj) therapy was planned and received in fewer pts than adjuvant (Adj) and palliative (Pal) therapies. Radiotherapy was used for more pts in LA (26%) than elsewhere (5–16%). Fluoropyrimidines (Fp) (mostly 5-fluorouracil) remained the worldwide chemotherapy (CT) backbone in Adj (96%, 92–99%) and Pal (92%, 87–>99%) settings. Platinum agents (mostly cisplatin) were widely used for Pal CT (70%, 50% [NA] to 87% [IS]) and for Adj CT (35%). Anthracyclines were received by 23% pts for Pal CT (7% in AP to 31% in E), and by 11% pts for Adj CT. Globally, taxanes (docetaxel: 79%) were given to 22% of pts receiving Pal CT, including 34% of pts in AP. Conclusions: Analyses of the REGATE registry showed regional variations in the Adj and Pal treatment of GC, particularly in the use of mono- or polytherapy. Globally, 5-fluorouracil remained the most common CT backbone. Treatment Global E AP LA IS NA N (%) 9,965 (100) 3,181 (32) 3,082 (31) 1,943 (19) 1,135 (11) 624 (6) Neoadj Planned/actual (%) 6/2 7/3 1/<1 5/2 22/4 5/<1 Adj Planned/actual (%) 18/29 16/23 19/36 18/34 13/18 23/29 Pal Planned/actual (%) 31/40 28/38 24/27 35/45 47/67 46/55 Pts with chemotherapy 5034 1516 1516 959 689 354 Adj (%) 47 42 63 52 22 38 Mono-/polytherapy (%) 55/45 53/47 48/51 78/22 27/72 57/43 Fp: oral use (%) 28 10 53 17 2 0 Pal (%) 53 59 38 47 74 62 Mono-/polytherapy (%) 18/82 23/77 18/82 24/76 6/94 13/87 Fp: oral use (%) 22 18 42 25 13 1 Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration sanofi-aventis sanofi-aventis sanofi-aventis
An Analysis Of The Pediatric Sub-Group From The Phase 2 Study Of GMI 1070 – A Novel Agent For The Vaso-Occlusive Crisis Of Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Timothy L. McCavit, Lakshmanan Krishnamurti, Lewis L. Hsu, Charles T. Quinn, Isaac Odame, Ofelia A. Alvarez, Catherine Driscoll, Kim Smith-Whitley, Seungshin Rhee, Ted Wun, Marilyn J. Telen, Helen Thackray
Journal: Blood (2013)
Tyrosine Kinase-Directed Ubiquitin Ligases Cbl and Cbl-b Enforce Hematopoietic Stem Cell Quiescence By Negatively Regulating c-Kit and FLT3
Authors: Wei An, Scott Nadeau, Bhopal Mohapatra, Dan Feng, Neha Zutshi, Matthew Storck, Vimla Band, Hamid Band
Journal: Blood (2014)
Is pentoxifylline still an option in severe alcoholic hepatitis?
Authors: Sarah A. Townsend, Ian A. Rowe, Ahmed M. Elsharkawy
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Potential conflict of interest: Dr. Elsharkawy advises Gilead. Author names in bold designate shared co‐first authorship. To the Editor: We read with interest the Hepatology Elsewhere piece by Caballeria1 describing the study by Park et al. that investigated the relative efficacies of prednisolone and pentoxyfylline in acute alcoholic hepatitis in a noninferiority study.2 Caballeria states that the trial concluded that the efficacy of pentoxifylline is lower than that of prednisolone. However, the noninferiority endpoint of that study was inconclusive, and whereas the authors concluded that the two treatments were nonequivalent, insufficient methodological information was presented for this to be inferred. The design and interpretation of noninferiority studies is complex and requires detailed analysis to prevent erroneous conclusions being drawn. Arbitrary decisions regarding the limit of the noninferiority margin are needed in the design of such studies, and the rationale for the limits used should be clearly stated. Park et al. set the limit at Δ15%. The reasoning behind this was not presented, but three studies were cited. The most relevant of these was the meta‐analysis from Mathurin et al.3 Here, the difference between prednisolone and the other treatment arm was approximately 20%. This was the best available evidence when the trial was designed. Guidance for the design of noninferiority studies is for a noninferiority margin of 50% of the treatment benefit with the active control, in this case prednisolone,4 suggesting that the noninferiority limit set was too lenient, thus risking a false‐positive result (indicating that pentoxifylline is erroneously noninferior to prednisolone). In addition, regarding the equivalence endpoint, the assumptions of the relative efficacies of prednisolone and pentoxifylline were not given for the power calculation. For nonequivalence to be inferred, the assumed efficacy of both agents would need to be identical and this was not stated. Whereas it may be that pentoxyfilline is not equivalent to prednisolone in the treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis, the design and/or reporting of the study from Park et al. prevents clear conclusions from being drawn. A clearer estimate of the relative efficacy will be provided by a large, blinded, randomized, controlled trial comparing steroids and pentoxifylline with a placebo control that has recently been completed.5
Impact of BRCA1 gene alterations on tumor characteristics and clinical outcome in ovarian cancer (OC) patients.
Authors: D. Dimitrova, E. I. Braicu, R. Richter, R. Chekerov, G. Oskay-özcelik, K. Pietzner, A. Parashkevova, W. Lichtenegger, S. Olek, J. Sehouli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

5019 Background: Patients (pts) with BRCA1-associated OC appear to have a survival advantage over those with sporadic OC. It is unclear if this is due to a greater platinum sensitivity or due to a better surgical outcome. In order to examine this issue, we investigated a cohort of OC pts for BRCA1 mutations and correlated the data on the BRCA1-mutation status with the classical clinical prognostic factors and also analysed the impact of BRCA1 mutations on disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Methods: 298 pts with primary OC, who were treated at Charité University Hospital, Berlin between 09/2000 and 10/2008 were included. Blood samples from each patient were obtained intraoperatively according to a standard operating procedure within the systematic Tumor bank Ovarian Cancer (www.toc-network.de). Direct sequencing of Exon 11 of the BRCA1 gene was used as method for mutation detection. Staging, treatment and follow-up information was obtained by record review. Impact on time to progression/death was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis and a Cox proportional-hazards model. Results: Thirty one mutations: 20 with previously reported clinical importance and 11 with unknown clinical importance were found. The majority of the pts were heterozygous or homozygous carriers of 6 polymorphisms in Exon11 (D693N, 2201C/T, 2430T/C, P871L, E1038G, K183R), which are in complete or pairwise linkage disequilibrium. Our study showed a significant association between BRCA1 positive status and grading (p = 0.021) and histology type (p = 0.008). BRCA1-positive tumours were more likely to be serous and low differentiated. Pts, who were carriers of polymorphisms, had significantly worse overall survival in comparison to the non- carriers. On multivariate analyse OS independently correlated with presence of polymorphisms, advanced FIGO stage, ascites amount greater 500 mL, tumor residue and platinum response. The presence of a mutation in Exon 11 was not a prognostic factor for DFS and OS. Conclusions: In this cohort, we demonstrated that in addition to the highly penetrant BRCA1 mutations some alterations in BRCA1 gene such as different polymorphisms may contribute to the ovarian cancer risk and predict disease outcome. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
New rule could help identify children with cough who need antibiotics
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Asthma, respiratory distress, young age, and short duration of illness are among seven characteristics associated with increased risk of admission in children with acute respiratory infection and cough, a large primary care study in England has shown. Researchers said that scoring these characteristics may help GPs decide when to prescribe antibiotics.

More than 80% of NHS antibiotics are prescribed by GPs, who have reported prescribing some antibiotics to reduce the risk of children with respiratory tract infections becoming seriously ill and requiring hospital admission.

The study, reported in Lancet Respiratory Medicine ,1 aimed to develop a clinical rule to reduce uncertainty by stratifying the risk of future hospital admission in children with respiratory …
Brief Physician Advice for Problem Drinkers-Reply
Authors: David C. Parish
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In Reply.  —The letters submitted in response to the article by Dr Fleming and colleagues 1 and my Editorial 2 raise important issues. Studies of behavior as complex as problem drinking are essential and difficult. Reliance on self-reported change as a measure of program effectiveness is often necessary; efforts to validate reports by relevant alternate sources should be incorporated whenever possible. Fleming et al conducted a review of medical records and insurance claims data and reported the poor correlation of these data sources with their patient interview data. Choice of patient reports as the primary analysis was appropriate for the design of this study. A more likely confounding variable for their health resource utilization results is the inherent variability of a low-frequency occurrence such as hospitalization in a small, healthy study group. The statistically significant difference in hospital days primarily results from low baseline utilization among the control group and a 4-fold
The SCARE Statement: Consensus-based surgical case report guidelines
Authors: Riaz A. Agha, Alexander J. Fowler, Alexandra Saeta, Ishani Barai, Shivanchan Rajmohan, Dennis P. Orgill, Raafat Afifi, Raha Al-Ahmadi, Joerg Albrecht, Abdulrahman Alsawadi, Jeffrey Aronson, M. Hammad Ather, Mohammad Bashashati, Somprakas Basu, Patrick Bradley, Mushtaq Chalkoo, Ben Challacombe, Trent Cross, Laura Derbyshire, Naheed Farooq, Jerome Hoffman, Huseyin Kadioglu, Veeru Kasivisvanathan, Boris Kirshtein, Roberto Klappenbach, Daniel Laskin, Diana Miguel, James Milburn, Seyed Reza Mousavi, Oliver Muensterer, James Ngu, Iain Nixon, Ashraf Noureldin, Benjamin Perakath, Nicholas Raison, Kandiah Raveendran, Timothy Sullivan, Achilleas Thoma, Mangesh A. Thorat, Michele Valmasoni, Samuele Massarut, Anil D'cruz, Baskaran Vasudevan, Salvatore Giordano, Gaurav Roy, Donagh Healy, David Machado-Aranda, Bryan Carroll, David Rosin
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2016)

Case reports have been a long held tradition within the surgical literature. Reporting guidelines can improve transparency and reporting quality. However, recent consensus-based guidelines for case reports (CARE) are not surgically focused. Our objective was to develop surgical case report guidelines.The CARE statement was used as the basis for a Delphi consensus. The Delphi questionnaire was administered via Google Forms and conducted using standard Delphi methodology. A multidisciplinary group of surgeons and others with expertise in the reporting of case reports were invited to participate. In round one, participants stated how each item of the CARE statement should be changed and what additional items were needed. Revised and additional items from round one were put forward into a further round, where participants voted on the extent of their agreement with each item, using a nine-point Likert scale, as proposed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) working group.In round one, there was a 64% (38/59) response rate. Following adjustment of the guideline with the incorporation of recommended changes, round two commenced and there was an 83% (49/59) response rate. All but one of the items were approved by the participants, with Likert scores 7-9 awarded by >70% of respondents. The final guideline consists of a 14-item checklist.We present the SCARE Guideline, consisting of a 14-item checklist that will improve the reporting quality of surgical case reports.
Diffuse Epicardial Involvement on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Meng Jiang, Jianrong Xu, Ben He
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2016)

A woman with progressive dyspnea had diffuse STS elevations, fluctuating troponin elevations, and a hyperenhancing sawtooth pattern in her LV epicardium with extensive myocardial edema. What would you do next?