tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Covariate Adjustment and Propensity Score—Reply
Authors: Jason S. Haukoos, Roger J. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prophylactic Mastectomy for Women with<i>BRCA1</i>and<i>BRCA2</i>Mutations — Facts and Controversy
Authors: Andrea Eisen, Barbara L. Weber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Genetic testing for susceptibility to breast cancer has been controversial since its inception. Among other issues, it has provoked questions about the efficacy and acceptability of prophylactic mastectomy for women with mutant BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. These germ-line mutations are present in every cell of the carrier's body, and for this reason any tissue remaining after the procedure is at high risk for cancer. Some critics reject prophylactic mastectomy on the grounds that it is disfiguring and mutilating. However, recent data, including those of Meijers-Heijboer et al. in this issue of the Journal, 1 suggest that prophylactic mastectomy is not only . . .
The current screening programme for congenital transmission of Chagas disease in Catalonia, Spain
Authors: L Basile, I Oliveira, P Ciruela, A Plasencia, collective working group for developing the Ca
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

Due to considerable numbers of migrants from Chagas disease-endemic countries living in Catalonia, the Catalonian Health Department has recently implemented a screening programme for preventing congenital transmission, targeting Latin American pregnant women who attend antenatal consultations. Diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in women is based on two positive serological tests. Screening of newborns from mothers with positive serology is based on a parasitological test during the first 48 hours of life and/or conventional serological analysis at the age of nine months. If either of these tests is positive, treatment with benznidazole is started following the World Health Organization's recommendations. The epidemiological surveillance of the programme is based on the Microbiological Reporting System of Catalonia, a well established network of laboratories. Once a positive case is reported, the responsible physician is asked to complete a structured epidemiological questionnaire. Clinical and demographic data are registered in the Voluntary Case Registry of Chagas Disease, a database administered by the Catalonian Health Department. It is expected that this programme will improve the understanding of the real burden of Chagas disease in the region. Furthermore, this initiative could encourage the implementation of similar programmes in other regions of Spain and even in other European countries. .
The Surgical Significance of Duodenal Diverticula
Authors: Richard B. Cattell, Thomas J. Mudge
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

DIVERTICULA of the duodenum are not uncommon, but reports of their surgical removal are infrequent. This infrequency reflects, probably more than anything else, the difficulty encountered in deciding whether a known diverticulum is the source of a patient's distress as well as the dangers involved in its excision. Because these lesions usually exist without causing symptoms and because, when they do, the symptoms follow no clear-cut clinical pattern, one should hesitate to submit a patient to a procedure of significant risk without assurance that the operation has a reasonable chance of success. Hesitancy and doubt continue, despite the knowledge that . . .
Adult-Onset Vitamin-D-Resistant Hypophosphatemic Osteomalacia
Authors: B. Lawrence Riggs, Randall G. Sprague, Jenifer Jowsey, Frank T. Maher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

A 27-year-old man with disabling adult-onset hypophosphatemic osteomalacia was studied in 1947. Because of the failure of large doses of vitamin D, with oral calcium and phosphate supplements, to induce calcium retention on prolonged metabolic balance studies, total parathyroidectomy was performed. Bone healing ensued and subsequently tetany has been easily controlled with modest doses of vitamin D. On restudy in 1968 (after vitamin D had been discontinued) both serum phosphate and renal phosphate clearance were in the range expected in hypoparathyroidism. Intravenous administration of parathyroid hormone reproduced the high phosphate clearance that had been present before parathyroidectomy. The data indicate a causal or permissive role of parathyroid hormone in the renal phosphate leak, hypophosphatemia and osteomalacia in this patient.
Case 32-1996
Authors: Edward M. Brown, Austin L. Vickery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Presentation of CaseA 44-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of hyperparathyroidism with a hypercalcemic crisis.At the age of 29 years, the patient had been told she had a calcium level of 11.0 mg per deciliter (2.75 mmol per liter). No measurement of parathyroid hormone was performed. During the succeeding three years the calcium level ranged between 10.7 and 11.0 mg per deciliter (2.67 and 2.75 mmol per liter) on three occasions; the parathyroid hormone level was 183 and 121 μl-eq per milliliter on two of those occasions (normal range, 10 to 180). Calcium levels measured 11, . . .
Yersinia Antigens in Synovial-Fluid Cells from Patients with Reactive Arthritis
Authors: Kaisa Granfors, Sirpa Jalkanen, Robert von Essen, Riitta Lahesmaa-Rantala, Outi Isomäki, Kirsi Pekkola-Heino, Riitta Merilahti-Palo, Riitta Saario, Heikki Isomäki, Auli Toivanen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

We examined synovial-fluid cells from 15 patients with reactive arthritis after yersinia infection for the presence of yersinia antigens. Extensive bacterial cultures of the synovial fluid were negative. All the samples were studied by immunofluorescence with use of a rabbit antiserum to Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 and a monoclonal antibody to Y. enterocolitica O:3 lipopolysaccharide. Synovial-fluid cells from 41 patients with other rheumatic diseases served as controls. Synovial-fluid cells from 10 patients with reactive arthritis after yersinia infection stained positively on immunofluorescence; rabbit antiserum and the monoclonal antibody yielded similar results. In most patients the percentage of positive cells ranged from 1 to 10 percent, but in one patient nearly all the cells in the sample stained strongly. Most of the positively stained cells were polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but yersinia antigens were also found in mononuclear phagocytes. All the control samples were negative. Synovial-fluid cell deposits from nine patients were also studied by Western blotting with use of the same antibodies. The results were positive in six of the nine cell deposits from patients with reactive arthritis and in none of the 10 cell deposits from control patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We conclude that in patients with reactive arthritis after yersinia infection, microbial antigens can be found in synovial-fluid cells from the affected joints. (N Engl J Med 1989; 320:216–21.)
A Controlled Double-Blind Study of the Hematologic Toxicity of Chloramphenicol
Authors: James L. Scott, Sydney M. Finegold, Gerald A. Belkin, John S. Lawrence
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

ALTHOUGH well known as a cause of aplastic anemia,1 2 3 4 chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) is used widely because of the rarity of this reaction and the clinical advantages of the antibiotic. However, the prolonged morbidity and high mortality of aplastic anemia4 make it important that the reaction be prevented. Further definition of the toxicology of the drug may help accomplish this.Previous investigations have thoroughly characterized a mild, reversible form of bone-marrow depression produced by chloramphenicol in patients with infectious processes,5 accelerated erythropoiesis6 and even normal subjects given sufficiently large doses.7 The present study attempts to define further the relation of dosage to . . .
Predicted Mutation Strength of Nontruncating PKD1 Mutations Aids Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Christina M. Heyer, Jamie L. Sundsbak, Kaleab Z. Abebe, Arlene B. Chapman, Vicente E. Torres, Jared J. Grantham, Kyongtae T. Bae, Robert W. Schrier, Ronald D. Perrone, William E. Braun, Theodore I. Steinman, Michal Mrug, Alan S.L. Yu, Godela Brosnahan, Katharina Hopp, Maria V. Irazabal, William M. Bennett, Michael F. Flessner, Charity G. Moore, Douglas Landsittel, Peter C. Harris
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2016)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) often results in ESRD but with a highly variable course. Mutations to PKD1 or PKD2 cause ADPKD; both loci have high levels of allelic heterogeneity. We evaluated genotype-phenotype correlations in 1119 patients (945 families) from the HALT Progression of PKD Study and the Consortium of Radiologic Imaging Study of PKD Study. The population was defined as: 77.7% PKD1, 14.7% PKD2, and 7.6% with no mutation detected (NMD). Phenotypic end points were sex, eGFR, height–adjusted total kidney volume (htTKV), and liver cyst volume. Analysis of the eGFR and htTKV measures showed that the PKD1 group had more severe disease than the PKD2 group, whereas the NMD group had a PKD2-like phenotype. In both the PKD1 and PKD2 populations, men had more severe renal disease, but women had larger liver cyst volumes. Compared with nontruncating PKD1 mutations, truncating PKD1 mutations associated with lower eGFR, but the mutation groups were not differentiated by htTKV. PKD1 nontruncating mutations were evaluated for conservation and chemical change and subdivided into strong (mutation strength group 2 [MSG2]) and weak (MSG3) mutation groups. Analysis of eGFR and htTKV measures showed that patients with MSG3 but not MSG2 mutations had significantly milder disease than patients with truncating cases (MSG1), an association especially evident in extreme decile populations. Overall, we have quantified the contribution of genic and PKD1 allelic effects and sex to the ADPKD phenotype. Intrafamilial correlation analysis showed that other factors shared by families influence htTKV, with these additional genetic/environmental factors significantly affecting the ADPKD phenotype.
In primary Sjögren's syndrome high absolute numbers and proportions of B cells in parotid glands predict responsiveness to rituximab as defined by ESSDAI, but not by SSRI
Authors: Konstantina Delli, Erlin A Haacke, Frans GM Kroese, Rodney P Pollard, Stephan Ihrler, Bert van der Vegt, Arjan Vissink, Hendrika Bootsma, Frederik KL Spijkervet
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

absolute numbers and proportions of B cells in parotid glands predict responsiveness to rituximab as defined by ESSDAI, but not by SSRI
Anaphylaxis with<i>Anisakis simplex</i>in the Gastric Mucosa
Authors: Alicia Alonso, Alvaro Daschner, Alvaro Moreno-Ancillo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

To the Editor: Anisakis simplex is a nematode (Anisakidae family, Ascaridoidea superfamily) that parasitizes sea mammals. Common intermediary hosts include the codfish, hake, sardine, anchovy, salmon, tuna, mackerel, and squid.1 Humans acquire the larvae by eating raw or undercooked seafood.2 Anisakis larvae can be invasive, penetrating the host's stomach or intestinal wall,3 but it is very unusual to find the nematode in the gastric mucosa. We have seen three patients with allergic reactions and clinical findings that led us to suspect acute gastric anisakiasis. A 47-year-old woman had anaphylaxis, vomiting, and gastric pain two hours after eating raw anchovy in . . .
Ectopic Production of an Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzyme in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Leo L. Stolbach, Melvin J. Krant, William H. Fishman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

An alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme (Regan isoenzyme) has been identified in the serum of 27 patients with various malignant tumors. This isoenzyme is biochemically and immunologically indistinguishable from placental alkaline phosphatase. In addition to being present in serum, it has been identified in both tumor tissue and malignant effusion fluids. Measurement of this isoenzyme has been clinically useful in monitoring progression or regression of tumor, identifying a source of serum alkaline phosphatase elevation, and identifying malignant effusions.
S22 VATS for Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax – A cohort study of 1415 patients
Authors: G Cardillo, OJ Bintcliffe, F Carleo, NA Maskell
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is an increasingly common treatment for recurrent or persistent primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP). Surgery usually involves a diffuse treatment of the pleura and possible targeted surgical techniques on areas of bullous disease. There is no robust evidence to guide the use of specific surgical techniques. The purpose of this large observational cohort study was to examine the recurrence rates associated with VATS and identify predictors of outcome. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients undergoing VATS for PSP at Carlo Forlanini hospital in Rome between January 2000 and December 2012 were prospectively collected. All patients underwent talc poudrage. Targeted surgical techniques were selected based on the presence of air leak and Vanderschueren stage. Patients had regular clinical and radiological follow-up for a minimum of 2 years. Surgical details, demographics and smoking histories were collected at baseline and data on duration of hospital stay, complications and recurrence rates were collated. <h3>Results</h3> 1415 patients underwent VATS for PSP during the trial period. The majority of patients were male (76.2%). Median age was 25.3 years (IQR 21.0–29.4). The majority of patients underwent surgery due to recurrent pneumothorax (92.2%). Median length of stay was 5 days (IQR 5–6). 47 patients had incomplete follow up in December 2014 and so complete recurrence data is available for 1368 patients. VATS had a low complication rate of 2%, the majority of which was prolonged air leak (1.7%). Recurrent pneumothorax occurred in 26 patients (1.9%) over a median follow up of 8.5 years. Recurrence rates were significantly higher in current smokers at the time of surgery (24/573–4.2%) than in non-smokers (2/796–0.25%) p &lt; 0.001. Bullae suturing (3.9%) and ligation (15%) were associated with statistically significant higher rates of recurrence compared with poudrage alone when controlled for smoking status and Vanderschueren stage. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The marked difference in recurrence rates between smokers and non-smokers suggests that this factor is of key importance in predicting recurrence risk after VATS. This study demonstrates a low incidence of recurrence for patients undergoing VATS for PSP. Bullae ligation and bullae suturing appear to be associated with a higher risk of recurrence.
The High Cost of Low-Frequency Events
Authors: Nathan P. Couch, Nicholas L. Tilney, Anthony A. Rayner, Francis D. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Abstract We conducted a one-year prospective survey to identify adverse outcomes due to error during care in the field of general surgery. We identified 36 such cases among 5612 surgical admissions to the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, but in 23 cases the initiating mishap had occurred in another hospital before transfer. In two thirds of the cases the mishap was due to an error of commission: an unnecessary, defective, or inappropriate operative procedure. Twenty of these patients died in the hospital, and in 11 death was directly attributable to the error. Five of the 16 survivors left the hospital with serious physical impairment. A satisfactory outcome was achieved in only 11 cases (31 per cent). The average hospital stay was 42 days, with the duration ranging from one to 325 days; the total cost for the 36 patients was $1,732,432. We suggest that all hospitals develop comprehensive methods to identify and prevent these costly and unnecessary events. (N Engl J Med. 1981; 304:634–7.)
Perspectives in Oncology Drug Pricing
Authors: Alain Braillon
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Molecular Mechanism of Mutant CALR–Mediated Transformation
Authors: Robert F. Stanley, Ulrich Steidl
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2016)

Abstract Summary: Elf and colleagues used an elegant series of functional and biochemical assays to investigate the molecular mechanism of mutant calreticulin (CALR)–driven cellular transformation in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Mutant CALR is sufficient to induce MPN in mouse transplantation experiments, and transformation is dependent upon physical interaction mediated by the positive electrostatic charge of the mutant CALR C-terminal domain and the thrombopoietin receptor MPL. Cancer Discov; 6(4); 344–6. ©2016 AACR. See related article by Elf et al., p. 368.
Effect of Dietary Fish Oil on Renal Function and Rejection in Cyclosporine-Treated Recipients of Renal Transplants
Authors: Jaap J. Homan van der Heide, Henk Bilo, J.M. Donker, Joep M. Wilmink, Adam M. Tegzess
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Dietary fish oil exerts effects on renal hemodynamics and the immune response that may benefit renal-transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine. To evaluate this possibility, we studied the effect of fish oil on renal function, blood pressure, and the incidence of acute rejection episodes in cyclosporine-treated recipients of renal transplants.
Giant Coronary-Artery Aneurysm in Kawasaki's Disease
Authors: G F Porter, T L Gentles
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Figure 1. A 14-year-old girl in whom Kawasaki's disease was diagnosed at the age of 2 years had a posterior myocardial infarction at the age of 3 years. When we saw her she had signs of mild mitral regurgitation but no symptoms. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated a giant aneurysm involving the left main coronary artery. On exercise testing she had ST-segment depression in leads I, II, V4, and V5. Exercise echocardiography confirmed the presence of severe, reversible ischemia of the midportion and distal portion of the anterior wall, apex, distal septum, and lateral wall of the left . . .
Esophagogastric Bypass in Motion
Authors: Goran Marjanovic, Jens Hoeppner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

A 60-year-old man who had undergone esophagogastric bypass as a child because of an alkali burn presented with concerns about the cosmetic results. A video shows a water-swallowing test, with normal passage through the subcutaneous colonic segment.
Hemoglobin synthesis in individual bursts from normal adult blood: all bursts and subcolonies synthesize G gamma-and A gamma-globin chains
Authors: C Peschle, G Migliaccio, A Covelli, F Lettieri, AR Migliaccio, M Condorelli, P Comi, ML Pozzoli, B Giglioni, S Ottolenghi, MD Cappellini, E Polli, AM Gianni
Journal: Blood (1980)
Human Herpesvirus 8 and Kaposi's Sarcoma — Some Answers, More Questions
Authors: Harold W. Jaffe, Philip E. Pellett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

The discovery of the relation between Kaposi's sarcoma and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8, or Kaposi's sarcoma–associated herpesvirus) is a superb example of the benefits gained from the synergy between epidemiologic and laboratory science. A series of epidemiologic observations suggested that Kaposi's sarcoma, the most common AIDS-related cancer, had an infectious cause.1 Following this lead, Chang et al. used newly developed molecular methods to detect genetic sequences of herpesvirus in Kaposi's sarcoma tissue from patients with AIDS.2 Subsequent studies established the presence of HHV-8 DNA in material from lesions obtained from persons with other forms of Kaposi's sarcoma (the “classic” form . . .