tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Urinary Bladder Herniation Into the Scrotum
Authors: CHARLES A. STEWART, GUO-LONG HUNG, BRUCE OLSEN, CAROL BENNETT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Bone scintigraphy was performed for staging in a patient with prostate carcinoma. Physical examination revealed an enlarged scrotum and inguinal hernia. The bone scintigrams demonstrated wide-spread bony metastases, as well as dense accumulation of activity in the scrotum that appeared contiguous with the urinary bladder. A radiocontrast cystogram confirmed herniation of the urinary bladder into the scrotum.
A Controlled Trial of Selegiline, Alpha-Tocopherol, or Both as Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Mary Sano, Christopher Ernesto, Ronald G. Thomas, Melville R. Klauber, Kimberly Schafer, Michael Grundman, Peter Woodbury, John Growdon, Carl W. Cotman, Eric Pfeiffer, Lon S. Schneider, Leon J. Thal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

There is evidence that medications or vitamins that increase the levels of brain catecholamines and protect against oxidative damage may reduce the neuronal damage and slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
The Management of Paget's Disease of Bone
Authors: Pierre D. Delmas, Pierre J. Meunier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Paget's disease of bone is a localized, monostotic or polyostotic disease characterized by increased bone remodeling, bone hypertrophy, and abnormal bone structure that leads in symptomatic patients to pain and bone deformity. Complications involve the bones (fractures and neoplastic degeneration), joints (osteoarthritis), and nervous system. The short-term objective of treatment is to alleviate bone pain, and the long-term objective is to minimize or prevent the progression of the disease.Pathology, Epidemiology, and EtiologyPagetic bone is characterized by major disorganization in both the architecture and the lamellar texture of bone. These abnormalities are the results of major disturbances in bone . . .
Association between Cellular-Telephone Calls and Motor Vehicle Collisions
Authors: Donald A. Redelmeier, Robert J. Tibshirani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Because of a belief that the use of cellular telephones while driving may cause collisions, several countries have restricted their use in motor vehicles, and others are considering such regulations. We used an epidemiologic method, the case–crossover design, to study whether using a cellular telephone while driving increases the risk of a motor vehicle collision.
Herpes Zoster Involving the S1 Dermatome
Authors: Suely Roizenblatt, Nilton Salles Rosa
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

A 19-month-old female infant presented with a 1-week history of ascending linear erythematous eruptions on the left calf. She showed no indications of immune disturbances and was a full-term infant with a healthy rate of weight gain and development.
Controlled Trial of Methylprednisolone and Chlorambucil in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Claudio Ponticelli, Pietro Zucchelli, Enrico Imbasciati, Leonardo Cagnoli, Claudio Pozzi, Patrizia Passerini, Claudio Grassi, Donatella Limido, Sonia Pasquali, Tiziano Volpini, Mauro Sasdelli, Francesco Locatelli
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Sixty-seven adults with idiopathic membranous nephropathy and the nephrotic syndrome were randomly assigned to symptomatic treatment only or to a six-month course of methylprednisolone alternated with chlorambucil every other month. Patients were followed for one to seven years. At the end of follow-up (mean of 31.4±18.2 months for the treated group and 37.0±22.0 for the control group) 23 of 32 treated patients were in complete or partial remission, as compared with 9 of 30 control patients (P = 0.001). Twelve of the treated patients were in complete remission, as compared with only two of the controls. In the treated group there were no changes in renal function during follow-up, whereas in the control group the reciprocal of the plasma creatinine level, which is proportional to the creatinine clearance, decreased significantly (P = 0.00017) after two years of follow-up. Side effects were minimal in all treated patients except two, who were dropped from the study because of peptic ulcer and gastric intolerance to chlorambucil. We conclude that steroid and chlorambucil treatment for six months favors remission of the nephrotic syndrome in adults with idiopathic membranous nephropathy and can preserve renal function for at least some years. (N Engl J Med 1984; 310:946–50.)
Demonstration of Metastatic Melanoma by Tc-99m Sestamibi Imaging
Authors: HEE-MYUNG PARK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

A 65-year-old man who had malignant melanoma that started from the nail bed of the left thumb was found to have multiple metastases for which numerous local radiation therapies were given. Because of the known tumor-seeking property of Tc-99m hexakis complexes and encouraged by the in vitro cell line study that demonstrated increased uptake of Tc-99m sestamibi by malignant cells, a dose of Tc99m-sestamibi was administered and whole-body images were obtained. Numerous metastatic tumor masses, including a few that were not palpable and not suspected, were visualized.
Breast Implants and Breast Cancer — Reanalysis of a Linkage Study
Authors: Heather Bryant, Penny Brasher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

In 1992, Berkel and colleagues reported in the Journal the results of their study of the potential association of breast augmentation and breast cancer. The study reported that women who had breast augmentation had a significantly lower subsequent risk of breast cancer (P<0.01) than the general population, with a standardized incidence ratio of 0.48 overall. Assuming a 10-year induction period (that is, assuming that cancers found within 10 years of the augmentation might have been the result of a process begun before surgery and therefore should not be considered), the reported standardized incidence ratio was 0.16. Problems were later identified involving some of the study methods. This paper reports a second analysis of these data.
A Clonal Selection Theory of Chemical Carcinogenesis&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Richmond T. Prehn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

An attempt was made to describe a possible mechanism of clonal selection during chemical carcinogenesis. The mechanism, based on a differential toxicity of a carcinogen with respect to normal and malignant cells, appears consistent with the currently known phenomena of carcinogenesis. It seems to account for some of these phenomena in a somewhat easier fashion than has been done heretofore. The theory, as formulated, cannot be described as entirely new, but is rather a modulation and synthesis of previous theories, which it modifies or restates. As with any theory, its only real justification is the work that it may stimulate. Fortunately, this clonal selection theory gives rise to some testable predictions, among which are the following: 1) All chemical carcinogens will display, either directly or indirectly, a greater toxicity for normal tissue cells than for the cells of a tumor derived therefrom by treatment with that carcinogen. 2) All agents displaying a greater toxicity (i.e., capacity to interfere with cellular reproduction) for normal tissue cells than for tumor cells will be carcinogens.
EUS-FNA combined with Focused DNA Array (FDA) may be a good modality to predict future metastasis of pancreas carcinoma
Authors: Ashida Reiko
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Background: EUS has evolved from EUS imaging to EUS-guided FNA. EUS-guided FNA is now beyond cytology diagnosis and made it possible to analyze gene expression. Moreover, cDNA microarray technique allows us to test hundreds of genes simultaneously. The prediction of future metastasis is very important in treatment of pancreas carcinoma, especially before deciding surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine of the usefulness of Focused DNA Array (FDA) analysis using the pancreatic cancer tissue obtained by EUS-guided FNA for the prediction of metastasis.
Abstract 5609: Characteristics of triple-negative breast cancer in patients with a <i>BRCA1</i> mutation, results from a population-based study of young women
Authors: Eunjung Lee, Roberta McKean-Cowdin, Huiyan Ma, Darcy Spicer, David Van Den Berg, Leslie Bernstein, Giske Ursin
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are tumors with low or no expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, or human epidermal growth factor receptor-2. These tumors have a poor prognosis, remain a clinical challenge, and are more common among women with BRCA1 mutations. We tested whether there are distinguishing features of TNBC after BRCA1 mutation status has been taken into account. METHODS: We sequenced BRCA1/2 genes in a population-based sample of 1,469 incident breast cancer patients aged 20-49 years from Los Angeles County. Information on tumor receptor status was available for 1,167 women. Clinical, pathologic and hormone-related lifestyle characteristics were compared across patient subgroups defined by BRCA1-mutation status and triple-negative receptor status. RESULTS: Forty-eight percent of BRCA1 mutation carriers had TNBC in contrast with only 12% of non-carriers. Within BRCA1 mutation carriers, as well as within non-carriers, triple-negative receptor status was associated with younger age at diagnosis and higher tumor grade. Among women without a BRCA1 mutation we observed that women with TNBC had higher premenopausal body mass index and earlier age at first full-term pregnancy than those with non-TNBC. Age at menarche and other reproductive factors were not associated with triple-negative status regardless of BRCA1 mutation status. Within BRCA1 mutation carriers, Ashkenazi Jewish women were about 5 times more likely to have TNBC than non-Ashkenazi Jewish women. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that among BRCA1 mutation carriers, as among non-carriers, there are unique characteristics associated with the triple-negative subtype. The finding in Ashkenazi Jewish BRCA1 mutation carriers should be confirmed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5609. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5609
The Cadillac Tax — A Crucial Tool for Delivery-System Reform
Authors: Jason Furman, Matthew Fiedler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

Members of the President's Council of Economic Advisers write that the Cadillac Tax, an excise tax on high-cost employer-sponsored health insurance coverage, is a crucial tool for building on progress toward a better health care system and will benefit the U.S. economy.
SAT0397 Serum Apolipoprotein B is Associated with Increased Risk of the Presence and Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: Table 1.
Authors: L.-S. Tam, Q. Shang, E. Li, P. Wong, T. Zhu, T. Li, M. Pui, K. Leung, E. Kun, C.-M. Yu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Risk factors that are associated with a higher risk of subclinical atherosclerosis (SCA) in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have never been examined in longitudinal studies. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study is to examine the progression of SCA in patients with PsA, and to identify risk factors associated with the development of atherosclerotic plague for this patient population. <h3>Methods</h3> 81 PsA patients participated in this prospective cohort study. All patients underwent carotid ultrasonography at 2 time points separated by a mean ± SD of 78±7 months. The longitudinal presence of carotid plaque and intima-media thickness (IMT) were measured at baseline and follow up. The associations of baseline clinical and demographic parameters, and cardiovascular risk factors with the presence of baseline or progressive plaque, were explored. <h3>Results</h3> In total, 38 out of 81 (46.9%) of PsA patients demonstrated ≥1 carotid plaque on the baseline or follow up ultrasound. At the follow up ultrasound, 23/81 (28.4%) patients had plaque progression (new plaque, incidence rate 4.37 per 100 person-years), while 12/81 (14.8%) patients had stable plaque (plaque at baseline and follow up). Three patients (3.7%) had plaque regression (plaque at baseline but no plaque at follow up). Univariate analysis revealed that the following variables were associated with carotid plaque with a p-value of &lt;0.1 (table 1): older age, older age at PsA and psoriasis diagnosis, longer disease duration, increased fasting sugar, total cholesterol and apolipoprotein (Apo) B levels. Other traditional CV risk factors including blood pressure, body mass index, waist hip ratio, high density lipoprotein (HDL)- cholesterol (C), low density lipoprotein (LDL)-C, Apo A1 and insulin level and Framingham risk score; disease related parameters including number of tender and swollen joints, ESR, hsCRP, whether patient achieved minimal disease activity and novel cytokines (interleukin [IL]-33, soluble ST2, IL-17 and IL-23) levels were not associated with the presence of plaque. All of the potential explanatory variables with p&lt;0.1 in the univariate analysis were analyzed using logistic regression. Independent explanatory variables associated with the presence of baseline or progressive plaque in PsA patients included older age (OR 1.071, 95% CI 1.007–1.140, <i>P</i>=0.03) and increased Apo B levels (OR 1.056, 95% CI 1.013–1.101, <i>P</i>=0.01). <h3>Conclusions</h3> High Apo B level confers an increased risk of the presence of any current, progressive or acquired carotid plaque in PsA patients even after adjusting for age and other traditional CV risk factors. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3137
Abstract 3782: NEDD9 promotes cell invasion through modulation of Arf6-dependent endocytic recycling.
Authors: Yuriy Loskutov, Sarah McLaughlin, Polina Kozyulina, Varvara Kozyreva, Ryan Ice, Anuradha Rajulapati, Mark Culp, Robert Wysolmerski, Alexey Ivanov, Scott Weed, Elena Pugacheva
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The adaptor protein, NEDD9, is an established pro-metastatic trigger in several cancers but the molecular mechanisms behind NEDD9-driven invasion remain unclear. Here we show that expression of NEDD9 protein tightly correlates with the transition of breast cancer to invasive stages. Overexpression of NEDD9 is critical for the invasion of cancer cells but depletion of NEDD9 is sufficient to block invasion. It is also well established that invadopodia are important for cell invasion. We demonstrate that NEDD9 localizes to invadopodia and its depletion leads to a deficiency in matrix degradation. NEDD9 depletion was also accompanied by an increase in surface levels of inactive proteases (MT1-MMP) and adhesion receptors (integrins). In addition, depletion of NEDD9 induced an increase in recycling and early endosomes via activation of Arf6. NEDD9 binds to the Arf6 specific GAP, ASAP3, which explains NEDD9 modulation of Arf6 activity. Inhibition of Arf6 or re-expression of NEDD9 rescue in NEDD9-deficient cells is sufficient to restore proper recycling rates and invasive properties of breast cancer cells. These results reveal the mechanism behind NEDD9-driven migration and tumor invasion. Citation Format: Yuriy Loskutov, Sarah McLaughlin, Polina Kozyulina, Varvara Kozyreva, Ryan Ice, Anuradha Rajulapati, Mark Culp, Robert Wysolmerski, Alexey Ivanov, Scott Weed, Elena Pugacheva. NEDD9 promotes cell invasion through modulation of Arf6-dependent endocytic recycling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3782. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3782
Abstract 1915: Specialty supplements and prostate cancer risk in the vitamins and lifestyle (VITAL) cohort
Authors: Theodore M. Brasky, Alan R. Kristal, Sandi L. Navarro, Johanna W. Lampe, Ruth E. Patterson, Ulrike Peters, Emily White
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Although there is evidence from studies of prostate cancer cell lines and rodent models that several supplements may have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, or other anti-cancer properties, few epidemiologic studies have examined the association between non-vitamin, non-mineral, specialty supplement use and prostate cancer risk. Participants, 50-76 years, were 35,239 male members of the VITamins And Lifestyle (VITAL) cohort who were residents of western Washington State, and who completed an extensive baseline questionnaire in 2000-2002. Participants responded about their frequency (days/week) and duration (years) of specialty supplement uses. 1,602 incident invasive prostate cancers were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. Multivariate-adjusted hazards ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards models. Any use of grapeseed supplements was associated with a 41% (HR 0.59, 95% CI: 0.40-0.86) reduced risk of total prostate cancer. Although not statistically different, the association was somewhat stronger for low-grade (HR 0.58, 95% CI: 0.33-1.03) than high-grade tumors (HR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.34-2.00). There were no associations for use of chondroitin, co-enzyme Q10, fish oil, garlic, ginkgo biloba, ginseng, glucosamine, or saw palmetto. Grapeseed may be a potential chemopreventive agent, however as current evidence is limited, it should not yet be promoted for prevention of prostate cancer. This work is supported by NCI grants R25-CA94880, R01-CA142545, and K05-CA154337 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1915. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1915
Abstract 3062: Identification and functional analysis of NOL7 tumor suppressor gene nuclear and nucleolar localization signals
Authors: Mark W. Lingen, Guolin Zhou, Colleen Doci
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract NOL7 is candidate tumor suppressor found within the nucleus and nucleolus. However, the mechanisms regulating its subcellular localization have not been elucidated. An in vitro import assay demonstrated that NOL7 requires cytosolic machinery for active nuclear transport. Using NOL7 deletion constructs and cytoplasmic pyruvate kinase (PK) fusion proteins, three nuclear localization signals (NLSs) were identified. Site-directed mutagenesis of PK fusions and full-length NOL7 defined the functional regions within each NLS. Further characterization revealed that NLS2 and NLS3 were critical for both the rate and efficiency of nuclear targeting. In addition, four basic clusters within NLS2 and NLS3 were independently capable of nucleolar targeting. The dynamics of nucleolar localization were investigated by FRAP and specific nucleic acid depletion. NOL7 is relatively immobile within the nucleolus, but shuttles rapidly between the nucleolus and nucleoplasm. In addition, targeting to the nucleolar compartment was dependent on the presence of RNA, as depletion of total RNA or rRNA resulted in a nucleoplasmic shift of NOL7. Take together, these results identify the minimal sequences required for the regulation of NOL7 subcellular localization, characterizes the contribution of each sequence to NOL7 nuclear and nucleolar dynamics and suggests a functional role for NOL7 in both compartments. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3062.
P227 Home NIV in COPD: A Real Life Study: Abstract P227 Table 1
Authors: R Naseer, D Ghosh, A Neep, J Rodger, O Johnson
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Home NIV in selected patients with stable hypercapnic COPD has been shown to reduce hospital admissions. Randomised studies have produced conflicting evidence on its effect on quality of life and survival. High intensity ventilation has shown promise. However, most studies of NIV for COPD have been in highly selected patients in the research setting. We attempt to explore the impact of home NIV in a district hospital setting. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients established on home NIV for COPD for at least 1 year were identified from NIV database. The primary outcomes were number of hospital admissions, length of hospital stay (LOS) and days requiring acute NIV during the 12 months before starting NIV and the 12 months after. Secondary outcomes were admission blood gases during these periods. <h3>Results</h3> Thirty-seven patients were identified, 9 were excluded as COPD was not the primary diagnosis or records could not be traced. Twenty-eight patients (23 females) were included in the study (Age 63±9 years, BMI 34±10, FEV1 0.58±0.18, FEV1% predicted 27±10, FEV1/FVC 41±10). The mean IPAP and EPAP at 3 months were 21±3 and 7±3 cm of H2O Table 1 describes the results. Fourteen patients did not have any admissions after institution of NIV. <h3>Discussion and conclusion</h3> Institution of home NIV significantly reduced admissions, hospital stay and need for acute NIV in a cohort of severe COPD patients with hypercapnia. Even though the decision to offer NIV was not based on any rigid criteria, but was a clinical decision based on blood gases, spirometry and admissions, these patients acted as their own controls. It is possible that following NIV, the patients received more home visits from our respiratory nursing team but as frequent attenders they were already receiving significant nursing input by the same nursing team in the community. The apparent lack of improvement in blood gases was probably due to the fact that only 11 patients had an admission ABG post NIV and only 4 of them more than once. This real life study shows a significant impact of home NIV in COPD in terms of admissions and hospital stay. Bigger studies are necessary to assess its longer term effect.