tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE INCIDENCE OF ACUTE LEUKEMIA IN CHILDREN
Authors: JEAN V. COOKE
Journal: JAMA (1942)

It has long been recognized that the acute forms of leukemia are far more common in children than in adults and that younger children are more frequently affected than older ones. In the third decade acute leukemia occurs far less than in the second, and, after the age of 30 years, it is relatively rare as compared with earlier ages. In the acute forms of the disease as well as the chronic types seen in adults, males are more commonly affected than females, the figures showing from 60 to 79 per cent of males in various groups reported. There are no statistics available which warrant more than the foregoing general statements, since all reports have dealt with relatively small groups of 100 cases or less. The only series of sufficient size to allow an age incidence analysis was that reported by Ward,<sup>1</sup>who collected 729 cases of all varieties of
Evaluation de la dilatation endoscopique des sténoses peptiques
Authors: N Bousfiha, I Mellouki, M Elyousfi, N Aqodad, M El Abkari, DA Benajah, A Ibrahimi
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Introduction: La sténose peptique est une complication bénigne du reflux gastro-œsophagien. La dilatation endoscopique reste le traitement optimal. Le but du travail est d'évaluer l'apport des dilatations endoscopiques à court et à long terme, et de préciser les facteurs prédictifs de réponse au traitement.
Abstract 2377: MCT1 and MCT4 in NSCLC: Overexpression of MCT1 in tumor and stroma is an independent prognostic marker for NSCLC survival.
Authors: Marte Eilertsen, Sigve Andersen, Samer Al-Saad, Yury Kiselev, Tom Donnem, Helge Stenvold, Khalid Al-Shibli, Elin Richardsen, Lill-Tove Busund, Roy Martin Bremnes
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: As non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths, new prognostic and predictive markers are highly warranted. Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) 1 and 4 are transmembrane transporters of lactate and puruvate and are central in cancer cell metabolism. The biological and prognostic importance of MCT1 and MCT4 is not thoroughly studied in NSCLC. Herein, we aimed to explore the prognostic impact on disease specific survival (DSS) in both tumor and stromal cells from NSCLC-patients. Methods: Tissue micro arrays (TMAs) were constructed, representing both epithelial tumor tissue and stromal tissue from 335 unselected patients diagnosed with NSCLC I-IIIA. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of MCT1 and MCT4. Results: MCT1 and MCT4 expression was located to the cell membrane. In univariate analyses, patients with high MCT1 expression in tumors had a favorable disease-specific survival (DSS) (p=0.021). While high expression of MCT1 in stroma was associated with poor DSS (p=0.003). High expression of MCT4 in tumor was a negative prognostic factor (p=0.027), while high expression of MCT4 in stroma showed a trend toward being a positive prognostic factor (p=0.11). In the multivariate analysis, MCT1 in tumor was independently and significantly associated with a favorable DSS (HR = 1.80, CI 95% 1.23-2.64, p=0.003). MCT1 in stroma was independently and significantly associated with a poor DSS (HR = 1.7, CI 95% 1.1-2.7, p=0.016). MCT4 in tumor had no significant prognostic impact in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: High expression of MCT1 in tumor and stroma is an independent prognostic marker for NSCLC survival, and is therefore a candidate marker for prognostic stratification in NSCLC. These results also highlight the differential, but possible cooperative energy metabolism in tumor and stroma for NSCLC-patients. Citation Format: Marte Eilertsen, Sigve Andersen, Samer Al-Saad, Yury Kiselev, Tom Donnem, Helge Stenvold, Khalid Al-Shibli, Elin Richardsen, Lill-Tove Busund, Roy Martin Bremnes. MCT1 and MCT4 in NSCLC: Overexpression of MCT1 in tumor and stroma is an independent prognostic marker for NSCLC survival. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2377. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2377
ANÁLISIS DE LA INDICACIÓN Y RENTABILIDAD DE LA ENDOSCOPIA DIGESTIVA EN UN GRUPO DE PACIENTES DE ALTO RIESGO
Authors: F Carrión García, R Baños Madrid, JA Martínez Otón, S Serrano Ladrón de Guevara, L Sevilla Cáceres, P Martínez García, S Morán Sánchez
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

El Objetivo de este estudio es analizar la indicación de la endoscopia digestiva y su rentabilidad diagnóstica en un grupo de pacientes de alto riesgo por la comorbilidad asociada y tratamiento habitual. Como criterio de riesgo se elige la edad (pacientes mayores de 90 años).
P2-10-07: Triple-Negative Breast Cancer May Have Ultrasonographic Features Mimicking Nonmalignant Lesions.
Authors: S Wojcinski, A Farrokh, J Schmidt, P Hillemanns, F Degenhardt
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known to have unique molecular, clinical and pathologic characteristics. Histological studies illustrate high mitotic counts, geographic necrosis, pushing borders of invasion, and stromal lymphocytic response. These growth patterns may also affect the appearance of TNBC in ultrasound. Our study evaluates the ultrasonographic features of TNBC according to the ACR BI-RADS®-US classification system and compares these features with non-TNBC. Materials and methods: Data of 385 consecutive breast cancer cases were collected from our hospital database. Digitally recorded ultrasound images were available for 292 patients. These images were interpreted according to the BI-RADS® system by an examiner blinded to the patients’ characteristics and histological results. The ultrasonographic features of TNBC (n=45) and non-TNBC (n=247) were compared using Fisher's exact test. Results: TNBC was more common in younger patients and exhibited higher tumor grades and more advanced tumor stages. Focusing on the ultrasound features, TNBC was more likely to exhibit round or oval shape (35.5% versus 25.9% in non-TNBC) and the margin of TNBC was more frequently described as microlobulated (48.9% versus 37.7% in non-TNBC) instead of angular or spiculated. In TNBC the echogenic halo was significantly less often observed (46.7% versus 64.4% in non-TNBC, p=0.0302) and we found less architectural distortions (65.5% versus 84.3% in non-TNBC, p=0.0341). Regarding the posterior acoustic features, an enhancement was significantly more often observed in TNBC (26.7% versus 13.0% in non-TNBC, p=0.0391). Discussion: TNBC and non-TNBC seem to have different ultrasonographic features. This can be explained by the unique pathologic profile of this breast cancer subtype. As some of the distinct ultrasound criteria of TNBC are associated with benign masses, TNBC may mimic nonmalignant lesions. Being familiar with these features can avoid false-negative classification of TNBC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-10-07.
Salvage hemostasis by scope compression during rectal endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Jérémie Jacques, Romain Legros, Paul Carrier, Laura Mesturoux, Sophie Geyl, Veronique Loustaud-Ratti, Denis Sautereau
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

A 65-year-old man was referred for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of a large villous rectal lesion (lateral spreading tumor, granular type). Massive bleeding occurred during the procedure. A washing pump on the accessory channel of the scope was used to locate the source of the bleeding, however bleeding obscured the entire field of the procedure despite continuous use of the washing pump ([Fig. 1]). After 1 minute of intense bleeding with washing, a spurting arterial bleeding was noted ([Fig. 2]). Adrenaline injection was ineffective. Clips were inappropriate because they would interfere with the procedure preventing its completion, and it was impossible to use coagulation forceps because of the high rate of bleeding, which prevented precise visualization of the source of the bleeding.
Perspectives cliniques d'une vidéo-capsule gastrique à guidage magnétique
Authors: I Pangtay, JF Rey, H Ogata, N Hosoe, K Ohtsuka, N Ogata, K Ikeda, H Aihara, T Hibi, SE Kudo, H Tajiri
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Introduction: La cavité gastrique était, jusqu'à une période récente, la partie du tube digestif qu'il était impossible d'explorer avec les capsules endoscopiques puisque celles-ci transitaient d'une manière passive grâce à la motricité digestive sans possibilité de guidage. Nous avons été à l'initiative du premier essai clinique mondial comparant les possibilités de cette vidéo-capsule gastrique à guidage magnétique (Magnetic Guided Capsule Endoscopy, MGCE) face à une endoscopie à haute définition. Le but de cette présentation est d'évoquer la problématique technologique et les futures applications.
SP0163 Imaging the immune system and the joints
Authors: P. Garside
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Much of what we understand about the anatomy and architecture of the immune system was revealed through exquisite experiments performed in the 1950's to 70's. These studies identified the role that anatomy played in a number of fundamental immunological phenomena including recirculation, induction of immune priming or tolerance and the interactions of T and B cells. The recent resurgence of interest in the role of immune architecture and anatomy in basic immunological and infectious phenomena is almost entirely due to technological developments in identifying and tracking cells and molecules <i>in vivo</i>, not least through the ability to do this dynamically, in real time through the application of multiphoton microscopy. Here I will outline the background to our own studies applying multiphoton microscopy to analysis of immune priming and tolerance including studies in the context of rheumatoid arthritis. This work provides a visual insight into the importance of early cellular dialogue in the development of adaptive immune responses in the context of autoimmunity. Finally, I will engage in some "crystal ball gazing" to look at what developments in imaging are likely to occur, why they are important and what further information these approaches may distill regarding the cellular and molecular interactions underlying the development of rheumatoid arthritis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> P. Garside Shareholder of: MD Biosciences Inflammations Discovery Services, Grant/Research support from: BMS, UCB, AZ
P57 SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM miR-10b-3p IN PREDICTING PRESENCE OF MICROVASCULAR INVASION OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC)
Authors: E.L. Yoon, J.E. Yeon, E. Ko, J.H. Je, Y.J. Yoo, K. Kang, S.H. Kang, H.R. Kim, H.J. Lee, S.J. Suh, J.H. Kim, Y.S. Seo, H.J. Yim, K.S. Byun
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Multimedia: Epidemiology Kept Simple: An Introduction to Classic and Modern Epidemiology
Authors: David Batty
Journal: BMJ (1999)

B Burt Gerstman


Wiley-Liss, £25.95, pp 299 




ISBN 0 471 24029 X

———————

Rating: ★★★

Epidemiology is an eclectic discipline comprising facets of sociology, statistics, medicine, and demography. Although its development may be traced back to the scientific revolution of the 1600s, it was not until the 19th century that it was recognised as a subject area in its own right. Knowledge of the occurrence, aetiology, and subsequent control of communicable diseases such as typhoid fever, smallpox, and cholera stemmed from early epidemiological studies. Indeed, John Snow’s investigation of the infamous 1854 cholera epidemic in London, widely known as the Broad Street pump, is ensconced in epidemiology folklore.

The emergence of non-communicable diseases such as coronary heart disease earlier this century led to epidemiology occupying a wider remit. Modifiable determinants of coronary heart disease were identified from large scale epidemiological investigations beginning with the Framingham and the seven countries cohort studies. These determinants were subsequently labelled risk factors, and the misconception that coronary heart disease had a sole aetiology was dispelled. Findings from these and other epidemiological studies have been used by healthcare providers to more effectively target candidates for coronary heart disease and in turn initiate prevention.

Today, a growing body of professionals—from health education, environmental and occupational health, and health service administration, in addition to medical science students—are required to have some knowledge of the foundations of epidemiology. In an effort to supply the demand from such disparate backgrounds a somewhat bewildering array of new epidemiology texts and revisions of classics has appeared. In Epidemiology Kept Simple Burt Gerstman has devised a text to match this diverse range of learning needs.

From the perspective of a postgraduate student of epidemiology, he succeeds in covering the fundamental concepts, principles, and methods of classic and modern epidemiology. These are illustrated by a blend of real life examples, exercises, and occasional humour (such as the problem of how many epidemiologists it takes to change a light bulb: the answer is six, one to change the bulb and five to address potential biases). The discussion of the strengths and shortcomings of different study designs, the establishment of causation from associational data, and the evaluation of methods of disease identification were of particular interest and succinctly dealt with.

I found this to be a useful publication among an epidemic—if you’ll forgive the description—of epidemiology textbooks that will provide much competition for this work.
Demonstration of Skeletal Tuberculosis with Tc-99m (V) DMSA Scintigraphy and a Negative Ga-67 Scan
Authors: SHUNG-SHUNG SUN, CHIA-HUNG KAO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, China Medical College Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Received for publication November 14, 2001. Revision accepted December 17, 2001. Reprint requests: Chia-Hung Kao, Department of Nuclear Medicine, China Medical College Hospital, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract 2243: Prognostic significance of nuclear Sox4 expression in cutaneous melanoma and its role in cell migration
Authors: Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad Shourkaei, Aijaz Ahmed Wani, Magdalena Martinka, Gang Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Sry-related high-mobility group (Sox) family of genes is consisted of transcription factors involved in various physiological processes including embryonic development, cell fate decision and differentiation. Deregulated expression of Sox4 has been reported in several human cancer types so far; nevertheless the expression and possible role of Sox4 in human melanoma cancer progression is yet to be identified. To investigate the putative role of Sox4 in the development of melanoma and its correlation with patient survival, we examined the expression of Sox4 protein in different stages of melanocytic lesions and its role in melanoma cancer cells proliferation and migration. Using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry, we evaluated Sox4 protein expression in 43 dysplastic nevi, 89 primary melanomas, and 48 metastatic melanomas. We observed a marked reduction in nuclear Sox4 expression in malignant melanomas compared with dysplastic nevi (Kruskal-Wallis test; p &amp;lt; 0.05) and primary melanomas (Kruskal-Wallis test; p &amp;lt; 0.01). Moreover, the reduced nuclear Sox4 expression was significantly correlated with a poorer disease-specific 5-year survival of patients with primary and metastatic melanoma (Kaplan-Meier test; P = 0.039). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that reduced nuclear Sox4 expression is an independent prognostic factor to predict patient outcome (p = 0.049). We also knocked down the expression of Sox4 in MMRU human melanoma cell line by siRNA and the migratory ability of the cells as well as their proliferation rate were analyzed following Sox4 silencing. Strikingly, the wound healing assay revealed an augmented migration ability of MMRU cells upon siRNA mediated knockdown of Sox4. However, the absence of Sox4 did not affect the rate of melanoma cancer cells proliferation. Our results suggest that Sox4 may be a suitable marker for the prognosis of the melanoma cancer outcome and a potential therapeutic target for human melanoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2243.
PMO-064 Can intestinal failure due to fistula be managed safely out with the national centres?
Authors: M Quinn, S Falconer, R Mckee
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Type II Intestinal Failure (IF) requires multidisciplinary management at significant cost. Up to 50% of these patients will progress to home parenteral nutrition (PN). The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of patients with type II intestinal failure due to small bowel fistulae in a tertiary referral centre and compare these with published data. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients were identified from a prospectively collected database (January 1998–December 2009). Data were analysed retrospectively. Data were split into groups by diagnosis: Acute pancreatitis, Upper Gastrointestinal, Colorectal, Hepatobiliary, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and “other” (trauma, mesenteric ischaemic, failed PEG/PEJ, vascular, gynaecology). Data were analysed using SPSS V.17.1; Pearson χ<sup>2</sup> test and ANOVA, p=0.05 denoting significance. <h3>Results</h3> 190 fistulas in 186 patients (median age 64 years (20–96), M:F 103:83) required PN. 75 (39.5%) developed following emergency admission, 63 (32.2%) following elective admission and 52 (27.4%) were in patients transferred from other hospitals because of the fistula. 160 (84.2%) fistulas developed following surgery. Patients undergoing major HPB procedures were statistically more likely to develop a post-op fistula (p=0.031). 113 (59.5%) fistulas settled with conservative treatment. 34 (18%) patients died before any surgery. Overall mortality was 21% (39 of 186 patients). Patients with HPB pathology or those transferred from other hospitals were statistically more likely to die as a result of their fistula (p=0.007). Patients with IBD, colorectal pathology and those transferred from other hospitals were more likely to require surgical intervention for their fistula (p=0.007). Patients in the “other” diagnosis category were statistically more likely to require a definitive operation (p=0.02). 11 fistulas required early open operation within 1-month. One due to underlying malignancy and ten to control sepsis. Following early operation one patient died, two required permanent home PN and five settled after open drainage of sepsis only. Two patients went on to further definitive surgery. 30 definitive operations were performed. Post operatively, four patients died, two required permanent HPN and three fistulas recurred in two patients, one of whom required further surgery. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Reasonable outcomes from intestinal failure can be achieved out with the national referral services but a significant amount of resource is needed, including a multidisciplinary nutrition team, interventional radiology and a surgical team accustomed to dealing with such cases. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Abstract 398: Molecular mechanisms of recurrence of PDGFB-dependent glioma in mice following inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor B expression
Authors: Huan Liu, Yasuyuki Hitoshi, Brenton Paolella, Mark A. Israel
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Molecularly targeted therapies hold great promise for the treatment of cancer. Conditional transgenic mouse models offer unique opportunities for investigating whether the targeted inactivation of an oncogene is sufficient for tumor regression and for developing strategies to overcome the mechanisms by which tumors become resistant to targeted therapies. We developed transgenic mice (GFAP/tTA:TRE/PDGFB) in which human platelet-derived growth factor B (hPDGFB) is expressed in a doxycycline responsive manner. Without doxycycline these mice expressed PDGFB in the CNS and developed glioma. Doxycycline administration led to symptomatic recovery in the majority of tumor-bearing mice. However, sustained regression did not occur in 8 of 22 mice following 3 months of doxycycline treatment. In other experiments we implanted spheroid cells derived from other spontaneous mouse glioma arising in this model into the flanks of immuno-deficient mice. We initially observed a significant reduction in the size of established tumors with doxycycline administration, but residual cells from 5 out of 9 tumors began to grow rapidly following a prolonged period of the treatment. In vitro, spheroid cells derived from the relapsed tumors grew in a PDGFB-independent manner. Doxycycline addition to spheroid cultures effectively inhibited hPDGFB expression but did not inhibit proliferation or induce apoptosis. Examination of signaling pathways revealed that PDGFB receptor phopshorylation was significantly reduced by doxycycline but downstream AKT and Erk phosphorylation was sustained. Ongoing experiments are being conducted to identify upstream regulators of these signal transducers. (This work was supported in part by the Theodora B. Betz Foundation and the Andy Fund) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 398.
OP0122-PARE Pauseboogie - campaign to raise awareness of the DANISH rheumatism association
Authors: L. Willumsen, H. Jeppesen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The Danish Rheumatism Association wants to fight the myths, that rheumatic diseases only concerns the elderly and that there is nothing to do about it anyway. We wanted to reach out to a very broad audience to raise awareness and generate “liking” of The Danish Rheumatism Association primarily in the younger part of the population, and at the same time address the fact that you can prevent musculoskeletal diseases to some point. <h3>Objectives</h3> Besides creating awareness of The Danish Rheumatism Association and reaching a new and younger target group the aim was to be relevant to a wider group of people by giving them a fun and easy way to get more movement into their daily lives. Since many studies indicate that exercise plays an important role in preventing work related pain in bone and joints. Knowing that everybody takes short breaks during the day, we wanted to use these breaks, by giving small exercise programs that could fit into these breaks. We developed Pauseboogie – a set of simple but effective exercises for each of the typical areas where people often have pain. Pauseboogie can be personalized so everyone can put together their own unique Pauseboogie. The universe surrounding Pauseboogie is modern in the look; name, logo and music and Facebook has been used as the focal point for the campaign. New media platforms were used to communicate and an App for smartphones was developed, so it’s possible always to have the exercises by the hand. <h3>Results</h3> The Pauseboogie campaign ran from mid August till mid November. The campaign was very visible online with banner campaigns that was activated by mouse-over and supported by TV commercials and radio. The Pauseboogie App was downloaded by more than 24.000 people. The Danish Rheumatism Association had close to 10.000 new “friends” on its Facebook profile. The campaign had a very broad appeal and on top of all the individuals that took the app down on their smartphone, workplaces used Pauseboogie on Facebook and in many Danish schools Pauseboogie is used on Smartboards to give the pupils an energy boost during the day. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared