tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Urinary Reducing Corticosteroids with Blue Tetrazolium
Authors: Hirsh Sulkowitch, Alexander M. Rutenburg, Mark F. Lesses, Samuel Gargill, Arnold M. Seligman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

DETERMINATION of the concentration of the corticosteroids in urine has become an increasingly important problem. A variety of methods have been proposed for their estimation, based on the reducing properties of the alpha-ketol side chain at C17, on the formaldehydogenic potential of this side chain or on empiric, poorly understood color reactions of this molecular species.The most reliable method is that of Talbot and his associates,1 which, although complicated and therefore impractical for general use, has the distinct advantage of nearly proving the main structural features of the corticosteroids in each determination. The steps of the procedure . . .
FDG PET/CT Findings of Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of the Stomach
Authors: Wanwei Zheng, Jian Chen, Jie Liu, Chuantao Zuo, Zhongwen Zhou
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

A 22-year-old man underwent an FDG PET/CT scan to evaluate possible malignancy due to melena and fever for 1 month. The images demonstrated intense FDG activity with an SUVmax of 24.6 in a large mass in the fundus of the stomach. Gastric malignant fibrous histiocytoma was histopathologically confirmed. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a high-grade and aggressive sarcoma, which usually occurs in the limbs or retroperitoneum. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the stomach is rare.
Commentary: Assessment of Studies on Cancer Risks from Asbestos in Connecticut Drinking Water
Authors: J. Wister Meigs
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Two related studies were conducted in Connecticut to try to assess cancer risks from asbestos in Connecticut public drinking water (1-3). Eleven of the state's 169 towns used source waters containing small amounts of asbestos (less than 500,000 fibers/L as delivered to users). In 82 towns, some, but rarely all, of the population received in their homes water delivered through asbestos cement (AC) pipe located in some part(s) of the distribution systems. The total population potentially exposed on a regular basis to such waters was about 600,000, approximately 20% of the state's population. The average possible duration of exposure was about 20 yr but ranged from over 30 to less than 5 yr. The published studies were correlational. They considered rates for all cancers, including those of the stomach, colon, rectum, pancreas, lungs, urinary bladder, and kidneys. There was no information about residential mobility or possible occupational exposures of persons who were reported to the Connecticut Tumor Registry (CTR) with newly diagnosed cancers. The U.S. EPA report listed individual cases of peritoneal mesothelioma by town of residence at diagnosis. Possible occupational exposures were explored by searching through city directories. No interviews were conducted for either study. No consistent evidence of a cancer risk from asbestos in water was suggested in any of the Connecticut work. In comparison with correlational studies from other areas, possible exposures of Connecticut residents to asbestos were quite low, generally only a few hundred thousand fibers per liter as compared with 50 million or more in the water supplies of both San Francisco and Everett, Washington. The second Connecticut study (2) should have detected a 50% in-
A Complex Cause of Pleuritic Chest Pain
Authors: Anand Vaidya, Lindsay Y. King, Linda S. Lee, J. Kevin Tucker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

A 33-year-old man presented with pain on the right side of his chest that had started 5 days earlier and continued to worsen until the time of presentation. The pain originated near his right scapula and progressively radiated throughout his right chest. It did not worsen with movement of his arm or shoulder but did worsen with deep inspiration and when he was lying down. The patient . . . .
Quality and Safety in Health Care, Part IX
Authors: Jay A. Harolds, Laura Beth Harolds
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

One of the most important technologic advances to reduce medication errors is computerized provider order entry linked with clinical decision support. These systems also have the potential to improve the adherence of clinicians to best practices, decrease the turnaround time for laboratory tests and radiology examinations, speed transmission of prescriptions to the pharmacy, decrease medication costs, and increase the frequency of vaccinations.
Abstract 4935: PDZ–domain binding kinase promotes invasion in prostate cancer cells through up–regulation of matrix metalloproteinases–2 and –9.
Authors: Joshua D. Brown-Clay, Deepika N. Shenoy, Partha P. Banerjee
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Members of the protein kinase superfamily of enzymes modulate many of the facets of the tumor phenotype, such as survival, proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Genetic, epigenetic or regulatory alterations can result in aberrant kinase behavior; the targeted inhibition of which has been a growing focus in anti-cancer drug development. PDZ-domain binding kinase (PBK) is an under-studied, dual-specificity serine/threonine kinase that has been shown to play a key role in cell division and regulation of multiple signaling pathways. It is expressed physiologically in spermatogenic germ and proliferating neural precursor cells, as well as aberrantly in a variety of cancer types. However, the role of PBK in prostate cancer has not been clearly defined. We have found that PBK expression varies greatly across a panel of human prostate cancer cell lines. Interestingly, the level of expression of PBK in prostate cancer cells directly correlates with their invasive ability. Since matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) -2 and -9 are key invasive effectors in a variety of cancers, we investigated their protein levels in relation to that of PBK. Expression of exogenous PBK in low PBK-expressing prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and VCaP) significantly upregulated levels of both the propeptide and active forms of MMP-2 and MMP-9; conversely, knockdown of PBK expression in a high PBK-expressing prostate cancer cell line (PC3M) significantly down-regulated both forms of these two MMPs. To determine if a change in PBK levels produces a significant phenotypic effect, we measured the effect of PBK overexpression or knockdown on the prostate cancer cell lines’ invasive ability, as measured in a modified Boyden chamber invasion assay. Overexpression of PBK increased prostate cancer cell invasion approximately ten fold, while PBK knockdown reduced PC3M invasive ability more than three fold. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that PBK is present in the majority of human prostate cancer samples tested but not at all in the benign or normal human prostate tissue. These data indicate a novel function of PBK where its presence plays a role in invasion of human prostate cancer cells through up-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Therefore, the role of PBK in promoting cell invasion, combined with its general lack of expression in normal cells, nominates PBK as a potentially important therapeutic target for prostate cancer. Citation Format: Joshua D. Brown-Clay, Deepika N. Shenoy, Partha P. Banerjee. PDZ–domain binding kinase promotes invasion in prostate cancer cells through up–regulation of matrix metalloproteinases–2 and –9. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4935. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4935
Efavirenz plus Zidovudine and Lamivudine, Efavirenz plus Indinavir, and Indinavir plus Zidovudine and Lamivudine in the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection in Adults
Authors: Schlomo Staszewski, Javier Morales-Ramirez, Karen T. Tashima, Anita Rachlis, Daniel Skiest, James Stanford, Richard Stryker, Philip Johnson, Dominic F. Labriola, Dianne Farina, Douglas J. Manion, Nancy M. Ruiz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Efavirenz is a nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We compared two regimens containing efavirenz, one with a protease inhibitor and the other with two nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, with a standard three-drug regimen.
Tubercular Meningitis on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Punit Sharma, Chung Marangmei
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

Tuberculosis can mimic malignancy, both clinically as well as on 18F-FDG PET/CT, leading to false-positive lesions. We present such a case of a 14-year-old female patient with ovarian Burkitt lymphoma treated with chemotherapy. On post-therapy PET/CT, 18F-FDG avid meningeal enhancement was seen which was suspicious for distant relapse versus tubercular meningitis. On cerebrospinal fluid examination, diagnosis of tubercular meningitis was confirmed.
NI-79 * RAPID ASSESSMENT OF LESION VOLUMES FOR PATIENTS WITH GLIOMA USING THE SMARTBRUSH SOFTWARE PACKAGE
Authors: S. Vaziri, M. Lafontaine, B. Olson, J. C. Crane, S. Chang, J. Lupo, S. J. Nelson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

The increasing interest in enhancing the RANO criteria by using quantitative assessments of changes in lesion size and image intensities has highlighted the need for rapid, easy-to-use tools that provide DICOM compatible outputs for evaluation of patients with glioma. To evaluate the performance of the SmartBrush software (Brainlab AG), which provides computer-assisted definitions of regions of interest (ROIs), a cohort of 20 patients with glioma (equal number having high and low grade and treated and un-treated) were scanned using a 3T whole-body MR system prior to surgical resection. The T2-weighted FLAIR, pre- and post-contrast T1-weighted gradient echo DICOM images were pushed from the scanner to an offline workstation where analysis of lesion volumes was performed using SmartBrush. Volumes of the T2Ls ranged from 7.9 to 110.2cm3 and the volumes of the CELs was 0.1 to 28.5 cm3 with 19/20 of the subjects having CELs and all 20 having T2Ls. the computer-assisted analysis was performed rapidly and efficiently, with the mean time for defining both lesions per subject was 5.77 (range 3.5 to 7.5) minutes. Prior analysis of ROIS with the SLICER package (www.slicer.org) took approximately 30 minutes/subject. SmartBrush provides lesion volumes and cross-sectional diameter as a PDF report, which can be stored in DICOM. The ROIs were also saved as DICOM objects and transferred to other packages for performing histogram analysis from ADC or other functional parameter maps. Ongoing studies that will be reported in this presentation are performing a similar analysis with multiple users in order to compare the relative intra- and inter-operator variations in terms of both the speed of analysis and the ROIs that are identified. Acknowledgements: The authors would like to acknowledge Rowena Thomson and Natalie Wright from Brainlab for helping to set up this study.
Lente Insulin in the Treatment of Diabetes
Authors: Robert E. Slayton, Ruth E. Burrows, Alexander Marble
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

HAVING been employed in certain other countries for over two years previously, lente insulin was made available for general use in the United States in August, 1954. One of the first papers describing the results of clinical trials of insulin zinc suspensions came from their originators, Hallas-Møller et al.1 and was published late in 1952. Not long afterward, Lawrence and Oakley,2 of London, reported their experience in the early use of the new preparations. Since then numerous articles have appeared, chiefly in European journals.3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 We have had the opportunity of using lente insulin since the summer of 1953, first as . . .
Correlation between VEGF expression and MVD in sporadic and NF2-related schwannomas
Authors: E. Ditomaso, A. Stemmer-Rachamimov, A. Potts, M. Drottar, R. K. Jain, S. R. Plotkin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

2083 Background: Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) is a tumor suppressor syndrome characterized by the presence of bilateral vestibular schwannomas (VS) and multiple meningiomas for which alternative treatments are desperately needed. Currently there are no well- tolerated agents that are clinically active. Previous groups have shown VEGF expression in small series of VS. In this study, we expand these findings and show a significant relationship between VEGF bound to the vascular endothelium and microvascular density (MVD) in NF2-related VS. This observation providing a strong rationale for the use of VEGF blockade in this patient population. Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens were obtained from surgical resections of 22 patients with sporadic VS and from 21 patients with NF2 VS. Sections were stained with anti-VEGF polyclonal antibody and with anti-CD31 monoclonal antibody. Intensity of immunostaining of tumor cells for VEGF was scored in semi-quantitative fashion (0-none, +1-mild, +2-moderate, +3-strong); MVD was calculated by averaging the number of CD31-positive vessels in 5–15 high -powered fields (20x). MVD in tumors with and without VEGF bound to the vascular endothelium were compared using t-test. Results: Expression of VEGF was detected in all sporadic and NF2 VS. Strong expression of VEGF in tumor cells was more common in sporadic VS (45%) than in NF2-related VS (5%). In contrast, endothelial-bound VEGF was more common in NF2- related VS (75%) than in sporadic VS (45%). There was no difference in mean MVD between sporadic (6.2%) and NF2-related tumors (6.1%). However, in NF2-related VS, MVD was significantly greater in tumors with endothelial bound VEGF (7.4%) than without (4.6%) (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: VEGF expression in tumor cells was universal in this series of sporadic and NF2-related VS. Although the intensity of VEGF expression appears greater in sporadic tumors, endothelial- bound VEGF is more common in NF2-related lesions and is associated with greater MVD. This finding indicates a potential activity of the VEGF angiogenic pathway in this patient population. Therefore anti-VEGF therapy, such as bevacizumab, sunitinib, or sorafinib, represents a rationale approach to treating NF2 patients with VS in which surgical approach is not possible or has failed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
PTU-147 Validation Of Updated Barrett’s Oesophagus Guideline Recommendations: Complications And Outcomes Of An ‘adequate’ Case Volume And The Feasibility Of Same Day Discharge
Authors: E Taylor, S Din, J Campbell, A Hopper
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Recent advances in the management of high grade dysplasia and early cancer in Barrett’s oesophagus (BO) have led to updated guidelines recommending endoscopic resection (ER) as a first line option in selected cases. The complexity and complications of ER have prompted guidelines recommending at least 15 procedures annually per endoscopist to minimise complications. The reported complications of oesophageal perforation (&lt;0.9%) and delayed bleeding (2–22%) may prompt routine overnight observation following resection. Our aim was to report complications and outcomes in a unit performing just above the recommended annual numbers of ER for BO. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients undergoing ER for BO over 3 years were identified. All resections were performed with a mutiband ligation technique. Number of resections performed, size of resected specimens and stage of dysplasia/cancer in specimens were recorded. Complications of delayed bleeding, perforation, or dysphagia requiring dilation were also recorded. <h3>Results</h3> In 3 years, 108 endoscopic resections were performed in 46 procedures (median resections per procedure=2; range 1–6). 3 patients underwent 2 separate procedures. Resected specimens ranged in size from 3–17 mm (mean 10mm, SD 2.77). Final histological diagnosis per procedure was: no dysplasia=6, low grade dysplasia=3, high grade dysplasia = 8, invasive cancer- T1a=9 T1b =13, T2=4. 2 ER specimens were not retrieved, 1 showed granular cell carcinoma. Immediate complications included 1 perforation (2.3%. 95% CI:0–13%) with successful closure at endoscopy. 2 procedures were abandoned due to immediate bleeding (4.6% 95% CI 4.2 to 16.0%) which was successfully treated at the time. Delayed bleeding occurred in 2 patients, (4.6% 95% CI 4.2 to 16.0%) requiring emergency OGD at 8 h and 11 days post procedure. The second required endotherapy and readmission for 7 nights. 7 patients developed post-ER dysphagia (15.9% 95% CI 7.6 to 29.7) requiring oesophageal dilation (median procedures = 2, range 1–5). There was no significant difference in the number of resections in patients who had perforation (1 ER) or bleeding (median 1 range 1–3) p = 0.56. Patients who developed symptomatic strictures had a significantly higher number of resections (median 4 range 1–6) p &lt; 0.0001. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Complication rates of Barrett’s ER procedures in a unit performing an adequate number are comparable to published outcomes from high volume centres. Delayed bleeding is rare, occurring up to 7 days post procedure and is not more common within the first 24 h. Therefore, if no immediate complications occur, same day discharge is appropriate. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ELASTICITY CHANGES OF THE CANCELLOUS PART OF VERTEBRAL BODIES OF THE LUMBAR SPINE IN SPORTSMEN PROFESSIONALLY TRAINING STRENGTH AND STAMINA DISCIPLINES
Authors: M Ogurkowska, J Lewandowski
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Unfavorable biomechanical situations, usually related to the performance of a profession and competitive sports practice, promote formation of overloads. This problem may be particularly perceptible among sportsmen that practice strength and stamina sports. The present study deals with rowing. Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate the degree of changes of elasticity in the vertebral bodies of the lumbosacral spine in competitive rowers. Design The lesions of the intervertebral discs of the lumbosacral spine and the modification of bone structure aiming towards higher density, which were discovered in the tested rowers, resulted in the undertaking of further research in the area of contingent changes in their elasticity. Setting This research used a previously created original method, which due to the existence of relation between the structure of the bone tissue and its mechanical properties as well as radio-density, uses the possibilities of a computer tomograph. Participants The research was conducted over 20 athletes from the national team aged 21 to 33, practicing competitive rowing with symmetrical sculling oars. Main outcome measurements Overload lesions in the athletes (rowers) have a direct relation to the formation of morphological changes (degenerative changes) in the area of tissue structures of the lumbar spine;. Results Within the group of the tested rowers, in the cancellous part of the vertebral bodies of the lumbar spine (especially in vertebrae L3 to L5), an increase in the longitudinal elasticity modulus occurs, which aims towards values corresponding to those of a compact bone. Conclusions Biomechanical analysis of spine loads and new techniques and methods for the testing of the condition of spine tissue structure let us prove that competitive rowing practice, in its present form, leads to permanent overload lesions of the lumbar spine.
Metastases to Hernial Sac Detected on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Sachin Jain, Sellam Karunanithi, Punit Sharma, Suhas Singla, Rakesh Kumar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

The presence of primary or metastatic cancer within a hernial sac is uncommon. Based on the anatomical relation of the tumor to the sac, malignant tumors within hernia sac are classified into 3 groups; intrasaccular, saccular, and extrasaccular. We present F-FDG PET/CT images of 2 cases of hernia sac metastasis, one from non-small cell lung cancer and another from infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma. F-FDG PET/CT was useful in these cases for detection of the metastatic lesion within hernial sac and thus in assessment of total disease burden.
Massive Intrathoracic Toxic Multinodular Goiter Treated with Radioiodine
Authors: Ilias Drivas, Roobert Mansberg, John M Roberts, Anne Maree Kean
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

DRIVAS, ILIAS M.B.B.S.*; MANSBERG, ROBERT M.B.B.S., F.R.A.C.P.*; ROBERTS, JOHN M. M.B.B.S., F.R.A.C.P.*; MAREE KEAN, ANNE B.MED. B.SOC.STUD., F.R.A.C.P.†Author Information
NI-52 * TOWARDS IMPROVED INTEGRATION OF ADVANCED IMAGING TECHNIQUES INTO THE NEUROSURGICAL OPERATING SUITE: A CANADIAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: J. C. Lau, A. Khan, T. Peters, A. Parrent, J. Megyesi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Based on a prior needs-based questionnaire performed by our group, qualitative evidence suggests that neurosurgeons feel that image processing techniques can lead to safer and more effective operations. A wealth of image processing applications has been developed over the past several decades for the facilitation of improved surgical planning and image guidance including image registration, segmentation (of tumor, peri-tumoral edema and relevant structures), and diffusion tractography. Some of these tools have been successfully integrated into commercial surgical planning and neuronavigation systems, either as part of core functionality or as add-on packages. The Canadian healthcare system presents unique challenges to the integration of advanced imaging techniques into the clinical workflow. With limited resources, hospital administrators invest in medical devices that provide a balance of improvements in patient care while also proving to be cost effective. While neuronavigation itself has become standard of care, investment in additional commercially-available advanced imaging applications can be difficult to justify. METHODS: In collaboration with researchers at Robarts Research Institute, we have developed a framework for improved integration of advanced imaging protocols into the clinical workflow. RESULTS: We have devised a platform for the practical application and testing of image processing software for neurosurgical purposes. Our findings have been summarized in a schematic diagram outlining the workflow for the translation of image processing technologies to the operating room. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a clinical framework that allows for use of essential commercial surgical planning and neuronavigation workstations, as well as concurrently taking advantage of university-level medical imaging expertise. This collaborative framework provides a backbone for knowledge translation from research to clinical realms and acts as a first step toward more standardized surgical planning and intra-operative neuronavigation.