tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Muscle Electrophysiology in Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: E. Bruera, C. Brenneis, M. Michaud, P. I. Jackson, R. N. MacDonald
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Sixty-one consecutive patients with advanced breast cancer (defined as metastatic disease) and 20 normal age- and sex-matched control were admitted to a prospective study designed to assess muscle electrophysiology. Nutritional status, lean body mass, and ultrasonographis measurement of the triceps brachialis, sternomastoid, and adductor policis musclesm were determind in patients and controls. In addition, tumor mass and performance status were determined in the patient group. Electrophysiology of the adductor pollicis muscle was assessed during isometric voluntary maximum effort and during electrical stimulation via the ulnar nerve (80–120 V, 50–100 msec). Nutritional status, lean body mass, and ultrasonographic measurements of the triceps brachialis, steraomas-toid, and adductor pollicis were not significantly different between patients and controls. Maximum strength after supramaximal stimulation at 50 Hz was 34 ± 15 N in patients, versus 40 ± 9 (P =.01) N in controls. Relaxation velocity was 336 ±149 N/sec in patients, versus 507 ± 251 (P = .02) N/sec in controls. Fatigue (% of initial strength after 30 sec of stimulation) was 67% ± 22% in patients, versus 79% ± 17% (P = .03) in controls. Muscle electrophysiology did not correlate with tumor mass or performance status. It was concluded that patients with advanced breast cancer have abnormal muscle electrophysiology that is not due to abnormal nutritional status or decreased muscle mass. More research is needed to better characterize this disorder and to better define its cause. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1988;80:282–285]
West Nile Virus Encephalitis in America
Authors: Kenneth L. Tyler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Molecular diagnostic techniques, including the amplification of viral nucleic acid from cerebrospinal fluid by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), have revolutionized the diagnosis of viral infections of the central nervous system.1 Nevertheless, the causes of about two thirds of cases of presumed viral encephalitis remain unknown. In the United States, most cases of acute encephalitis are caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV), enteroviruses, and arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). Only arboviruses produce epidemics of viral encephalitis. Arboviruses represent a functional rather than a taxonomic group, linked by the importance of mosquito and tick vectors in their transmission, and their epidemiologic features, including . . .
Patients are also people
Authors: Jacob Adashek
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Fear of being treated differently turned out to be unfounded

Surviving acute myeloid leukemia and a bone marrow transplant at age 19 isn’t something most people do. In fact, it’s something that only 50% of people with my diagnosis and age do.1

After almost four years of living through this, my hair is much thinner and I weigh 60 pounds [27 kg] less. I’m more sensitive to sounds, tastes, and temperatures. But inside I’m still Jake. My character and sense of humor are the same. And my dreams of making a contribution and becoming a physician remain.

After diagnosis I felt uneasy, different from my peers. I lived with an undefined fear. But what was I so afraid of? I spoke effortlessly about my experiences to lecture halls filled with medical students. I talked to groups of strangers to raise awareness and …
Abstract 768: Lymphokine activated killer cell conditioned media induces monocytes to differentiate into a dendritic cell-like/activated monocyte phenotype with cytotoxic potential against glioblastoma
Authors: Andrew N. Cornforth, Gregory Lee, Eric Fan, Abner Fowler, Jessica Alldredge, Denysha Carbonell, Robert O. Dillman
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Despite advances in surgery and multimodal treatment regimens, Glioblastoma (GBM) continues to have poor overall survival outcomes and associated treatment morbidity. Cell-based immunotherapy is being explored as an option in the treatment of GBM. Treatment of GBM with lymphokine activated killer cells (LAK) generated by interleukin-2 (IL-2) stimulation has been associated with encouraging overall survival rates (Dillman RO et al. J Immunotherapy 2009 32:914-919). Since it has been reported that IL-2-activated lymphocytes can produce cytokines that may influence the differentiation and activation of monocytes (Kirsch M et al. J Neurooncol 1994 20:35-45), we explored the generation of activated monocytes and/or dendritic cells (DC) in LAK cell therapy products. Methods: Magnetic cell isolation of major histocompatibility complex II positive cells (HLA-DR) from LAK cell preparations revealed a small subpopulation of cells expressing CD80 and CD86 which also retained some CD14 expression. We then explored the possibility of generating activated monocytes and/or DC by incubating elutriated monocytes in the conditioned media of LAK cell preparations (LAK-CM) and examining their characteristics in comparison to standard GM-CSF/IL-4 DC or LAK cells. Results: The resulting LAK-CM incubated monocytes showed high levels of expression of CD80 (65.3%), CD86 (72.3%), HLA-DR (83.6%), comparable to the standard GM-CSF/IL-4 DC. The LAK-CM treated monocytes also retained their CD14 expression at (58.2% vs. 58.4%) and had similar levels of phagocytic ability compared to DC (14.7% vs. 12.7%) and demonstrated higher cytotoxicity levels against a model GBM cell line, U251, compared to either LAK cells themselves or the standard GM-CSF/IL-4 generated DC (85.6% vs. 55.9% vs. 60.9%, respectively). Conclusions: Combining lymphocytes and monocytes from elutriated lymphocyte fractions under LAK cell generation conditions (1000 IU/mL IL-2 in AIMV) also yielded similar dendritic cell/activated monocyte phenotypes suggesting that new combinations of cell therapy could be produced using this method with higher tumor cytotoxicity potentials as well as antigen cross presentation capabilities. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 768. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-768
Cord Blood Offers Patients New Blood Cell Source
Authors: J. Randal
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Cord Blood Offers Patients New Blood Cell Source Get access Judith Randal Judith Randal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 3, February 1995, Pages 164–166, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.3.164 Published: 01 February 1995
Co-administration of ondansetron and casopitant mesylate, a novel NK-1 receptor antagonist, results in augmented anti-emetic activity in the ferret
Authors: R. C. Gagnon, A. G. King
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

18608 Background: As monotherapies, ondansetron (a 5HT 3 receptor antagonist) and casopitant mesylate ( GW679769 ) are effective anti-emetics in models of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in the ferret. To demonstrate the potential benefit of combination therapy, suboptimal doses of both ondansetron and casopitant mesylate were administered to ferrets receiving cisplatin. Methods: A 4x4 factorial design was utilized to test for therapeutically synergistic anti-emetic activity. Suboptimal doses (administered as monotherapy, which reduced vomiting and retching by &gt;50% compared to control ferrets but did not result in complete protection) of each compound alone and in combination (0.3, 0.1, and 0.03 mg/kg) were administered 25 minutes prior to injection with cisplatin (10 mg/kg, IP). All emetic events/behaviors were recorded digitally via camera and DVR. Normal behaviors (eating, drinking, urination, defecation), emetic events (vomits, retches), and peri-emetic events (excessive mouth licking, burrowing, eye squinting, backward walking, and body scratching) were recorded temporally. All events were analyzed by finding the cumulative sum of events over time. Therapeutic synergy calculations were determined by analysis of variance. Results: Analysis of emetic events demonstrated the combination of ondansetron and casopitant mesylate resulted in significantly fewer events than either agent alone. Similar activity was demonstrated for vomits, retches, event latency, duration of emesis, water intake, food intake, and complete response. Conclusions: Co-administration of ondansetron and casopitant mesylate results in therapeutically synergistic anti-emetic and potential anti-nausea activity in this cisplatin-induced emesis model in ferrets. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated no alteration of disposition of either agent. Therefore, we believe the synergy observed between ondansetron and casopitant mesylate is the result of their complementary mechanisms of pharmacologic action. Casopitant mesylate is currently in phase III trials for the prevention of PONV and CINV from moderately and highly emetogenic chemotherapy. It is also in clinical development for depression and anxiety. [Table: see text]
PTU-035 Single Centre Experience With Endoclot Powder Spray For Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed: Abstract PTU-035 Table 1
Authors: M Kasimanickam, S Vinnamala, MR Andrew, C Lim, M Ahmed
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Endoclot’ (EPI) and ‘Hemospray’ (Wilson Cook) are haemostatic powders marketed for endoscopic use. The powders desiccate bleeding lesions and promote clotting. They can be used either as an adjunct to conventional haemostatic modalities or as monotherapy. <h3>Aim</h3> We report our early experience with Endoclot usage in upper gastrointestinal bleed. <h3>Methods</h3> N=12 patients; M7:F5; Median age 75y (63y–92y). All were frail with multiple co-morbidities (Table 1). Endoscopic diagnosis: duodenal ulcer (6), bleeding GI lymphoma (2), gastric ulcer (1), post gastric polyp biopsy bleed (1), GIST (1) and Mallow Weiss tear (1). Endoclot was used as monotherapy in 3/12 and as adjunct in 9/12. All patients had immediate haemostasis and one patient had late re bleed at 120hrs (8%). 1/12 died within 24hr. 6/12 were alive at 30 days. <h3>Results</h3> <h3>Conclusion</h3> Haemostatic powder spray is a promising new technique, particularly for difficult bleeds in frail patients. <h3>Reference</h3> Leahy A, <i>et al</i>., Early clinical experience of endoclot™ in the treatment of acute gastro-intestinal bleeding. <i>Gut</i> 2013;62:A149 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Beneficial Effect of Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Whole Abdominal or Pelvic Radiotherapy (Waprt) on Progression Free and Overall Survival Following Primary Surgery in Patients with Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma (Occc)
Authors: D.S. Tan, T. Rye, C. Barrie, P. Shaw, A. Fyles, S. Laframboise, L. Wang, C. Gourley, A.M. Oza
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Assessing Participant-Centered Outcomes to Improve Clinical Research
Authors: Rhonda G. Kost, Laura M. Lee, Jennifer Yessis, Robert A. Wesley, David K. Henderson, Barry S. Coller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

The value of patient-centered outcome measures for improving care is now well established. In contrast, research participants' perspectives on aspects of their research experiences, such as whether the informed-consent process prepared them for participation, are rarely examined.
PTH-043 Our Experience Of A Pharmacist Led Immunomodulator (imd) Clinic: A Novel Service In A District General Hospital
Authors: V Sathyanarayana, K Kapur, F Fuertes, E Said, A Soliman, D West, G Smith, N Sanassee, S Riyaz
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Increasing numbers of patients are being treated with immunomodulators (IMD) for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). This needs intensive monitoring and impacts by increasing clinic waiting times. After approval from the Quality and Safety Board of the Trust, a pharmacist led IMD clinic was established in 2012 to manage patients initiated on IMD for initial monitoring and dose titration with a view to reduced clinic visits. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients were referred to the pharmacist led clinic by the gastroenterologists and IBD nurse specialist for commencing and monitoring of IMD after initial counselling. Screening blood tests including the TPMT assay were checked prior to commencing the IMD as per agreed protocol. The pharmacist issued prescriptions and patients were given blood forms for weekly tests for the initial two months, fortnightly for the next two months and three monthly thereafter. Results were monitored by the pharmacist and patients were offered a choice of telephone or email consultations with the pharmacist for subsequent appointments. The pharmacist had easy access to advice from the clinician in the event of adverse effects. After initial stabilisation patients were referred back to the GP or the referring clinician for follow up. <h3>Results</h3> 81 patients were referred to the pharmacist led IMD clinic between October 2012–2013 [(50F); Median age 44 (range 19–76)]. Indications for treatment were IBD (n = 73) [ulcerative colitis (n = 33), Crohn's (n = 40)] and AIH (n = 8). Twenty seven patients (33.3%) experienced side effects between weeks 2 to 6 of initiation of treatment. These were nausea or vomiting 16% (n = 13), skin rash 1% (n = 1), fatigue 1% (n = 1),myalgia 1% (n = 1), intolerance 1% (n = 1) and stomach cramps 1% (n = 1). Abnormal blood tests were noted in 23.4% (n = 19) patients. These were abnormal liver tests [predominantly transaminitis] (n = 11); myelosupression (n = 6). Six patients were admitted to hospital [myelosuppression n = 2, pancreatitis n = 1, unrelated to IMD n = 3]. Management of adverse events included changing to an alternative agent (n = 13), dose adjustment (n = 12) and discontinuation of IMD (n = 10). <h3>Conclusion</h3> A pharmacist-led clinic is a safe alternative to conventional gastroenterology clinics for monitoring of patients on IMD. Adverse events were picked up early and adequately acted upon. There was a high level of patient compliance and reduced number of clinic visits; the average numbers of clinic visits saved were 10 per patient. <h3>References</h3> Jenkins J, <i>British Journal of Clinical Pharmacy</i>. 1:219–220 Das J, Hospital Pharmacist. January 2008 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Abstract 2557: Exploring the contribution of ubiquitin binding domain of Bcr-Abl in chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Ru Chen, Gwen Mahon, Ilona Tala, Qing Chen, Tinghui Hu, Dan Li, Harvey Ozer, Ian Whitehead
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is invariably associated with the expression of the p210 Bcr-Abl fusion protein. Although the Abl-encoded tyrosine kinase activity is important for leukemogenesis, the emerging problems of acquired resistance and minimal residual disease highlight the need for new complementary targets for pharmacological intervention. In our previous studies, we had identified a non-classical ubiquitin binding domain (UBD) within the NH2-terminal of p210 Bcr-Abl. Deletion of the UBD (p210 Bcr-Abl(≥UBD)) impairs the interaction between p210 Bcr-Abl and p-β-catenin (ser33). Over-expression of p210 Bcr-Abl, but not p210 Bcr-Abl(≥UBD), leads to an accumulation of phosphorylated β-catenin, and at least two of its known transcriptional targets, cyclin D1 and c-Myc. The interaction between p210 Bcr-Abl and β-catenin is ubiquitination dependent. β-catenin is a central component of the Wnt pathway which plays a critical role in the regulation of hematopoiesis. In a murine bone marrow transplantation model for CML, mice transplanted with hematopoietic cells that express p210 Bcr-Abl(≥UBD) have significantly increased life spans compared to mice transplanted with p210 Bcr-Abl expressing cells. Delayed disease progression is associated with decreased levels of β-catenin, and reduced numbers of granulocyte macrophage progenitors (GMPs), in the bone marrow. Deletion of UBD also impairs the transplantability of CML cells. Based on these observations we propose a model in which p210 Bcr-Abl may influence the Wnt signaling pathway, and leukemic expansion, by binding ubiquitinated β-catenin, and stabilizing it against degradation. Stabilized β-catenin leads to increased self-renewal of CML stem cells and progenitors. Importantly, this activity is contained within Bcr sequences, and is independent of tyrosine kinase activity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2557. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2557
P13 HUMAN INTRAHEPATIC CD4CD25FOXP3 REGULATORY T CELLS TREATED BY RAPAMYCIN AND RETINOIC ACID EFFECTIVELY SUPPRESS ALLOGENIC T EFFECTORS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD
Authors: R. Sharma, Y. Jabri, E. Xystrakis, P. Srinivasan, A. Prachalias, X. Huang, G.M. Vijay, N. Heaton, Y. Ma, W. Jassem
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
FRI0215 Transitional and memory b cell analysis is an essential tool to anticipate clinical relapse in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with rituximab
Authors: A.-P. Trouvin, S. Jacquot, S. Grigioni, H. Boulard, I. Dutot, O. Vittecoq, X. Le Loet, O. Boyer, V. Goeb
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Rituximab is a safe and effective treatment in RA, however the current treatment regimen requires to wait for a clinical relapse before a new course of treatment. The interval between two courses of treatment varies from one patient to another and remains unknown prior to the treatment. Our aim was to evaluate the utility of following-up different B cells subtypes depletion as a tool to foresee RA clinical relapse. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the usefulness of periodical B cell analysis to determine if it may predict clinical relapse of RA in patients treated with rituximab. <h3>Methods</h3> Prospective single-center observational study of 39 patients with RA treated with rituximab 1g twice 15 days apart. Patients were monitored clinically and biologically every 2 months until retreatment. Clinical assessment consisted of RA activity and report of adverse event, biological assessment consisted of inflammatory parameters, antibodies, gammaglobulins titers and B cell analysis. The clinician was blinded of the B cell analysis results. Chi 2 test was used for comparison between B cell population before and after treatment, and univariate logistic regression was used to determine relative risk of clinical relapse if B cell are detected in peripheral blood. <h3>Results</h3> 39 patients were included from March 2010 to December 2011 with a follow-up until December 2012. 7 patients had two course of treatment and a total of 46 cycles of rituximab were analysed. At baseline mean DAS 28 was 5,35 ; 33 patients were RF and/or anti-CCP2 antibody positive. At 6 months, 44 patients (96%) had a good-to-moderate clinical response according to the EULAR criteria. The mean treatment duration was 13 months. After the two infusions, total number of CD19+ cells decreased (0.155G/l vs 0.0002G/l, p&lt;0.0001) with a complete depletion for all patients in the memory (CD19+27+) and transitional subtypes (CD19+CD38++CD24++) (p&lt;0.0001). At relapse B cells had return in 36 patients, p=0.03. When transitional and memory B cell repopulation is detected risk of relapsing in the four months that follow is 10 times higher, RR 10.2 [1.35-76.93] p=0.01. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Presence of transitional and memory B cell predicts a relapse in the four months that follows repopulation. <b>Disclosure of Interest</b>: None Declared
Interim results of phase II study BRF113928 of dabrafenib in <i>BRAF</i> V600E mutation–positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.
Authors: David Planchard, Julien Mazieres, Gregory J. Riely, Charles M. Rudin, Fabrice Barlesi, Elisabeth A. Quoix, Pierre Jean Souquet, Mark A. Socinski, Julie Switzky, Bo Ma, Vicki L. Goodman, Stanley W. Carson, C. Martin Curtis, Michael R. W. Streit, Bruce E. Johnson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

8009 Background: Activating BRAF V600E mutations in NSCLC are present in &lt; 2% of tumors, primarily adenocarcinoma. The BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib has demonstrated clinical activity in BRAF V600 mutation–positive melanoma. Here we report interim efficacy and safety data obtained in 17 BRAF V600E–mutant NSCLC patients enrolled in dabrafenib phase II study BRF113928. Methods: Single-arm, 2-stage, phase II study in stage IV BRAF V600E mutation–positive NSCLC pts who failed at least 1 line of chemotherapy. Dabrafenib dosed at 150 mg orally twice daily. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed overall response rate (ORR) per RECIST 1.1 criteria. Results: The median age of the 17 pts was 69 years (range, 51-77 years). Most pts (12/17) were male, all were white with adenocarcinoma, and 13 were former smokers. All pts had failed at least 1 line of prior anticancer therapy, and 5 subjects had failed ≥ 2. At the time of reporting, 11 pts remain on therapy, and 6 have stopped therapy (5 with PD and 1 due to an AE). Thirteen pts were evaluable for efficacy. The best response for these pts included 7 PRs (5 confirmed PRs), 1 SD, and 4 PD; 1 pt discontinued due to an SAE (hypersensitivity reaction) prior to response assessment (ORR, 54%). The median duration of treatment for all 17 pts is approximately 9 weeks (range, 1-69 weeks). Among the 5 pts with confirmed PRs, duration of response was 29 and 49 weeks for the 2 pts who progressed, while the remaining 3 pts were responding for 6+ to 24+ weeks. The safety of dabrafenib in NSCLC pts appears to be generally consistent with what has been previously observed. The most common AEs were decreased appetite, fatigue, asthenia, dyspnea, and nausea, mostly grade 1 or 2. Five pts (29%) had a grade 3 AE, and 1 pt (6%) had a grade 4 SAE (hemorrhage). Conclusions: Dabrafenib shows early antitumor activity in BRAF V600E mutation–positive pretreated NSCLC pts, with an ORR of 54% and with the longest duration of response of 49 weeks thus far. Dabrafenib is generally well tolerated, and the study has met the minimum response rate (≥ 3 of first 20 pts) to continue into the second stage. This study represents the first clinical evidence of BRAF as a therapeutic target in NSCLC. Clinical trial information: NCT01336634.
Inhibitory Effect of Perthane (2, 2-Bis-[para-Ethylphenyl]-L, 1-Dichloroethane) on Adrenocortical Function in Human Subjects
Authors: Isabel Taliaferro, Louis Leone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

PERTHANE (2, 2-bis-[para-ethylphenyl]-1, 1-dichloroethane) is an insecticide that is structurally related to the insecticide DDD (2,2-bis-[para-chlorphenyl]-1,1-dichloroethane) and DDT (2,2-bis-[parachlorphenyl]-1,1,1-trichloroethane). Interest in the biologic properties of this series of compounds was enhanced in 1949, when it was reported that DDD administered orally in corn oil produced adrenocortical atrophy in the dog.1 Other investigators confirmed this finding in the dog.2 3 4 5 In the rat, mouse, rabbit and monkey no adrenocortical atrophy was found when DDD was given orally,1 but this effect occurred in the rat6 on parenteral administration. Such an action from DDT has not been reported in any species.2 In the human . . .