tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reply to Hu
Authors: A. Mori
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

It is important to know the frequency of epistaxis as one of the most common complications of ultrathin transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy (UT-EGD) to assess the safety of the procedure. Although there are a number of reports on epistaxis [1], the frequency of this complication largely varies. Such variance may result from lack of a grading standard of epistaxis occurring during UT-EGD. Particularly, as Dr. Hu mentions, the distinction between confined and unconfined hemorrhage is of great significance. Therefore, we have proposed to describe “confined” and “unconfined” hemorrhage as “oozing” and “overt” hemorrhage, respectively. We have encountered only a few cases in which oozing hemorrhage became overt bleeding, and most cases in which blood came out from the nostril and/or drained into the hypopharynx have been diagnosed as overt bleeding. Therefore, we believe that our grading is sufficient to establish the frequency and grade of epistaxis. Moreover, it would be stressful to patients to increase the session time in order to observe the nasal mucosa at the end of a routine EGD procedure. Of course, we agree that the recording of the “how” and “where” for nasomucosal injury is useful. According to our recent multicenter study (1862 patients enrolled), oozing (grade 2) and overt hemorrhage (grade 3) occurred in 7.8 % and 1.5 % of patients, respectively. The locations of bleeding were the middle turbinate (78 %), the inferior turbinate (15 %), and the nasal septum (6 %). We have never experienced bleeding at Kiesselbach’s plexus (Mori A. et al., unpublished observations).
AB0281 Remission rates during golimumab treatment for rheumatoid arthritis are associated with differences in baseline disease states across geographic regions in the go-more study
Authors: P. Durez, K. Pavelka, M. Lazaro, A. Garcia Kutzbach, R. Moots, H. Amital, R. Yao, M. Govoni, N. Vastesaeger, H. H. Weng
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Regional differences in practice patterns and access to biologic treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may lead to regional differences in baseline disease characteristics, which could influence response to biologic treatments. <h3>Objectives</h3> To compare across several geographic regions the baseline disease levels and remission rates among biologic-naïve RA patients during 6 months of add-on golimumab (GLM) treatment. <h3>Methods</h3> GO-MORE was an open-label, multinational, prospective study in biologic-naïve patients with active RA (DAS28-ESR ≥3.2) despite nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug treatment. Patients received 50-mg SC GLM once monthly for 6 months. In post hoc analyses, baseline disease activity, disease duration, and DAS28-ESR remission rates were evaluated across 6 geographic regions. <h3>Results</h3> Baseline disease activity varied across regions (table), with high EULAR disease activity most prevalent in South Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Disease duration was longest in Latin America and South Africa. Overall, after 6 months of GLM treatment, DAS28-ESR remission rate was approximately 25%. Remission rates varied substantially by region, with lower remission rates generally found in the regions with the greatest initial disease activity and disease duration, with the exception of South Africa. Regardless of geographic region, patients with moderate baseline disease activity were more likely to achieve remission than those with high baseline disease activity (43.4% and 18.5%, respectively, <i>P</i>&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> After 6 months of GLM treatment, patients in South Africa, Europe, and the Middle East had higher remission rates than those in Latin America and Asia. This pattern may be due to differences in baseline disease activity and duration, which may reflect differences in practice patterns and access to biologic treatments. Overall, patients with moderate baseline disease activity were more likely to achieve remission than those with high baseline disease activity. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> P. Durez: None Declared, K. Pavelka Consultant for: Amgen, Roche, BMS, MSD, and UCB, M. Lazaro Grant/research support from: Bristol Meyers Squibb Argentina, Consultant for: Abbott Laboratories, A. Garcia Kutzbach: None Declared, R. Moots: None Declared, H. Amital : None Declared, R. Yao Employee of: Merck, M. Govoni Employee of: Merck, N. Vastesaeger Employee of: Merck, H. Weng Employee of: Merck
Postural Renal Transplant Obstruction
Authors: DEBORAH A. COHN, SIMON GRUENEWALD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

A 48-year-old woman underwent cadaveric renal transplantation for end-stage renal failure secondary to polycystic kidney disease. Nine months after transplantation, intermittent renal dysfunction and severe graft hydronephrosis developed despite the presence of a ureteric stent. A Tc-99m MAG3 scan performed with the patient standing showed complete transplant obstruction. Rapid tracer clearance with progressive bladder filling was present when the patient was imaged in the supine position. Ureteric obstruction is the most common urologic complication of renal transplantation. However, postural ureteric obstruction has been described only rarely. This case indicates that posture may affect ureteric patency and highlights this potential pitfall in the evaluation of intermittent graft dysfunction by diuretic renography.
Resolution of Malignant Ascites and Stabilization of Metastases in a Patient With Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumor With 177Lu-DOTATATE Following Progression After 17 131I-MIBG Treatments and Chemotherapy
Authors: William Makis, Karey McCann, Francois A. Buteau, Alexander J. B. McEwan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

A 39-year-old man diagnosed with a small bowel neuroendocrine tumor metastatic to the liver, lymph nodes, and bones achieved stable disease with ¹³¹I-MIBG therapy totalling 17 treatments over 9 years (cumulative dose of 1.9 Ci). His disease progressed after the 17th ¹³¹I-MIBG treatment, and he went on to fail chemotherapy, developing severe ascites requiring up to 8 L of weekly paracentesis. He was referred for ¹⁷⁷Lu-[DOTA⁰,Tyr³]octreotate (DOTATATE) therapy, and after 4 induction cycles, his ascites resolved completely, and his metastatic disease stabilized. ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTATATE may be useful in patients with an extensive history of radioisotope therapy with ¹³¹I-MIBG.
Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma among Patients with Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Hideaki Tsukuma, Tomohiko Hiyama, Sachiko Tanaka, Miho Nakao, Takako Yabuuchi, Tsugio Kitamura, Katsumi Nakanishi, Isaburo Fujimoto, Atsuo Inoue, Hideo Yamazaki, Teruaki Kawashima
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

To detect potentially curable cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, outpatients with chronic hepatitis or compensated liver cirrhosis who were seen at the Center for Adult Diseases (Osaka, Japan) were examined periodically by means of ultrasonography and measurement of serum alpha-fetoprotein. Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma were identified with a Cox proportional-hazards model.A total of 917 patients, 40 to 69 years old, were registered from May 1987 to March 1991. By the end of September 1991, liver cancer had developed in 54. The three-year cumulative risk of liver cancer was 12.5 percent for 240 patients with liver cirrhosis at enrollment and 3.8 percent for 677 patients with chronic hepatitis. Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of liver cancer was increased almost sevenfold in patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (rate ratio, 6.92; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.92 to 16.39) and fourfold in patients with hepatitis C antibody (rate ratio, 4.09; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.30 to 12.85). A high alpha-fetoprotein value at enrollment was also a risk marker for liver cancer.Patients with hepatitis C virus infection have a greatly increased risk of liver cancer. Further studies are required to clarify the roles of other risk factors, including drinking and smoking habits.
Largest Tobacco-Control Program Begins
Authors: J. Siegfried
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Largest Tobacco-Control Program Begins Get access Juliette Siegfried Juliette Siegfried Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 20, 16 October 1991, Pages 1446–1447, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.20.1446-a Published: 16 October 1991
RAC Defers Gene Therapy Approval
Authors: S. Jenks
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article RAC Defers Gene Therapy Approval Get access Susan Jenks Susan Jenks Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 1, 6 January 1993, Pages 13–14, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.1.13 Published: 06 January 1993
Pituitary Macroadenoma on 99mTc-TRODAT-1 Brain SPECT
Authors: Te-Chun Hsieh, Yu-Chin Wu, Shung-Shung Sun, Cheng-Nan Hsu, Chia-Hung Kao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Dopamine transporter (DAT) radiopharmaceuticals are capable of binding to the DAT with high selectivity, especially in the corpora striata, and have been widely used to evaluate parkinsonian disorder. However, only a few reports have mentioned about the extrastriatal pathologic DAT uptake. Herein we present an interesting case about the incidental discovery of pituitary macroadenoma with intense uptake of 99mTc-TRODAT-1.
Risk Factors Accounting for Racial Differences in the Rate of Premature Birth
Authors: Ellice Lieberman, Kenneth J. Ryan, Richard R. Monson, Stephen C. Schoenbaum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

In a hospital-based cohort of 8903 black and white women, we investigated medical and socioeconomic risk factors that may explain the known increase in premature births among black women. Among the medical conditions examined, only the maternal hematocrit level (or some related factor) explained a substantial proportion (60 percent) of the increased rate of premature births to black women. Four economic, demographic, and behavioral predictors of prematurity were also examined: age less than 20 years, single marital status, receiving welfare support, and not having graduated from high school. The number of these socioeconomic risk factors occurring in a woman was strongly predictive of premature birth of her infant, regardless of the particular risk factors present. The presence of any one factor was associated with a moderate increase in the risk of prematurity (7.0 percent as compared with 4.6 percent with no risk factors present); the presence of two or more characteristics was associated with a much higher risk (11.2 percent). When the number of these four risk factors pertaining to an individual woman was taken into account, race was no longer a significant predictor of premature birth (odds ratio, 1.22; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.94 to 1.59). When both the maternal hematocrit level and the number of the four socioeconomic risk factors were taken into account, essentially all of the racial variation in prematurity was explained, with the odds ratio for prematurity among blacks being 1.03 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.79 to 1.35). We conclude that the racial difference in the rate of premature birth is attributable to specific medical and socioeconomic characteristics.
Downsizing at Rhinoceros General
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1997)

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Last month the Department of Disinformation and Mammalian Rights (DDMR) held a briefing session at the hospital on the subject of “Healthcare in the 21st Century. How many bodies will we need?”

Mr Livingstone, the hospital administrator, opened the meeting. He emphasised that Administrators and doctors must work together to provide Quality Care for their Consumers—he always capitalises important words, out of deference to Mr Lehrkopf's Teutonic forbears. They must build a bridge to the 21st century, he said, but must make sure that the bridge does not become so overcrowded that some providers will have to be pushed off.

In the questions and answers session that followed …

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Abstract 427: c-Met reduces response to radiation in breast cancer.
Authors: Cynthia Veenstra, Gizeh Pérez-Tenorio, Tommy Fornander, Lambert Skoog, Bo Nordenskjöld, Olle Stål
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The c-Met receptor promotes cell survival and proliferation by activating signalling pathways. c-Met is abundant in several cancers and in some cases it interferes with treatment response. In vitro, c-Met has been shown to be up-regulated and activated after radiation treatment, which renders the cells resistant to apoptosis and radiation. Therefore, it was hypothesised that high c-Met expression could influence response to radiation in breast cancer. In this study, it was aimed to determine the number of MET gene copies and c-Met protein expression in breast tumours. Tumours of 172 post-menopausal patients with primary breast cancer were analysed for MET using qPCR. Increased MET copy number (three or more copies) was found in 34% of the tumours. Five or more gene copies were found in 4.7% of the patients and indicated a significantly higher risk of developing distant metastasis. For the patients that received radiotherapy as the only postoperative treatment, the number of MET copies was associated with increased risk of distant metastasis. In terms of loco-regional recurrence, it was found that increased MET copy number was associated with worse response to postoperative radiation therapy compared with chemotherapy. c-Met protein analysis by immunohistochemistry in tumours of 208 pre-menopausal patients with primary breast cancer revealed that patients with low expression of c-Met responded better to radiotherapy compared with patients with a high c-Met expression. These results suggest that radiotherapy in combination with a Met inhibitor may be an option for patients with increased c-Met expression, to overcome radio-resistance. Citation Format: Cynthia Veenstra, Gizeh Pérez-Tenorio, Tommy Fornander, Lambert Skoog, Bo Nordenskjöld, Olle Stål. c-Met reduces response to radiation in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 427. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-427
Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Stephen M. Riordan, Roger Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Hepatic encephalopathy is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome that may occur in such diverse clinical situations as inherited errors of the urea cycle, acute or chronic liver disease, and spontaneous or iatrogenic portosystemic venous shunting, including that following procedures to establish a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. The clinical manifestations of this syndrome range from subtle abnormalities detectable only by psychometric testing to deep coma. Several grading systems have been proposed; one based on clinical and electroencephalographic abnormalities is shown in Table 1.1 Hepatic encephalopathy may be present in 50 to 70 percent of all patients with cirrhosis, including those with abnormalities demonstrable . . .
SEVERITY OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY DURING HOSPITALIZATION AS A PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE: DATA FROM THE KOREAN ACUTE HEART FAILURE (KORAHF) REGISTRY
Authors: Sung Woo Cho, Ga Yeon Lee, Eun-Seok Jeon, Minsun Kim, Haseong Chang, Jin-Oh Choi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
P12 Measuring the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary NASH Clinic
Authors: C. M. Peake, J. F. L. Cobbold, Q. M. Anstee, M. Yee, M. R. Thursz
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and specifically non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are associated with both increased liver-related and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A multi-disciplinary, individualised approach targeting the complex pathogenesis of the disease has been employed in a tertiary/secondary care setting. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the effectiveness of a multi-disciplinary NASH clinic by assessing the change in liver disease markers and risk factors for liver-related and cardiovascular mortality over time, and (2) to identify factors that influence patient response to treatment. <h3>Method</h3> This was a retrospective survey of current clinical practice. NASH/NAFLD was defined histologically or NAFLD by echogenic liver on ultrasound with raised aminotransferase values in absence of a significant alcohol history or other hepatic co-morbidities. Interventions included: lifestyle advice; dietetic input; exercise classes; pharmacological therapy; bariatric surgery. Clinical and anthropometric data were collected including serum ALT, BMI, HBA1c, systolic blood pressure, total and HDL cholesterol values and analysed for the cohort overall and for patients who were obese, diabetic, hypertensive and dyslipidaemic respectively. Responders to treatment were defined as those with &gt;10% decrease in ALT over the study period. Univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted to analyse baseline factors influencing patient response. <h3>Results</h3> 145 patients were included with median follow-up of 12.5 months (range 3–44 months). Overall improvement was seen in ALT (−15%, p=7×10<sup>−6</sup>), BMI (−1.5%, p=6×10<sup>−6</sup>) and total cholesterol (−4.1%, p=0.006). BMI improved by &gt;10% in 8%, by &gt;7% in 16% and by &gt;5% in 23% of patients. Patients categorised by abnormal baseline ALT, baseline obesity, baseline hypertension and baseline dyslipidaemia had improvements in ALT (−19%, p=1×10<sup>−7</sup>), BMI (−2.4%, p=0.001), systolic BP (−5.4%, p=3×10<sup>−4</sup>) and total cholesterol (−5.5%, p=0.002) respectively. Patients with type 2 diabetes made up a higher proportion of those who did not respond or who progressed compared to those who responded on univariate analysis (p=0.02), but this was not significant on multivariate analysis. Moreover, patients with diabetes did not have a significant decrease in ALT (−8%, p=0.06). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The management framework adopted by the multidisciplinary NASH clinic is effective at reducing ALT overall. Cardiovascular risk factors were improved overall. Diabetic patients had a poor ALT response. These data support the use of a multidisciplinary NASH clinic, but long-term outcome data are awaited.
Abstract 4361: The enzymatic activity of aldehyde dehydrogenases 1A2 and 2 (ALDH1A2 and ALDH2) is detected by aldefluor, inhibited by diethylaminobenzaldehyde and has significant effects on cell proliferation and drug resistance
Authors: Jan S. Moreb, Deniz Ucar, Shuhong Han, Blanca Ostmark, Lung-Ji Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract With the cancer stem cell theory, there has been an invigorated new interest in using ALDH activity as one marker for stem cells and such use became popular since a flow cytometry based assay, aldeflour staining, has become available. Diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB), used in the aldeflour assay, has been published many years ago as a specific inhibitor for ALDH1 isoform. In this study, we explore the effects of specific ALDH isozymes, ALDH1A2 and ALDH2, and the specificity of DEAB as an inhibitor of their activity. We prepared lentiviral vectors containing the full length of either ALDH2 or ALDH1A2 cDNA and used them to over express the enzymes in K562 leukemia and H1299 lung cancer cell lines. Successful expression was measured by spectrophotometric ALDH activity assay, Western blot analysis, RT-PCR, as well as aldeflour staining assay. In addition, gene expression profiles were assessed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR using micro fluidic cards (Taqman Low Density Arrays, TLDA, Applied Biosystem), covering 19 ALDH and three housekeeping genes. The expression levels were compared between sorted K562 with high versus low ALDH activity. The results show that we created 4 cell lines with successful high expression of each of the two enzymes and high ALDH activity which was detected by aldefluor assay. Both cell lines, with either ALDH1A2 or ALDH2, exhibited higher cell proliferation rates, higher clonal efficiency, and increased drug resistance to 4-HC and doxorubicin. In order to study the specificity of two known ALDH activity inhibitors, DEAB and tetraethylthiuram disulfide (disulfiram), we incubated each cell line with either inhibitor at 25 μM for 48 hr and then measured the remaining ALDH enzymatic activity. Our results show that both inhibitors reduced ALDH activity of both overexpressed isozymes, ALDH2 and ALDH1A2, by 70-80%. TLDA analysis revealed that K562 cells express high levels of isozymes in the ALDH1, ALDH3, ALDH7 and ALDH8 families. We conclude that DEAB is not a specific inhibitor for ALDH1A1 and that aldefluor assay is not specific assay for ALDH1A1 either. In addition, other ALDH isozymes seem to play a major role in the biology and drug resistance of various malignant cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4361. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4361
Gynecomastia and Gonadal Dysfunction in Adolescent Boys Treated with Combination Chemotherapy for Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Richard J. Sherins, Charles L. M. Olweny, John L. Ziegler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

We studied 19 Ugandan boys with Hodgkin's disease who had been treated with mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisone and who survived at least two years to assess testicular germ-cell depletion in pubescent boys on combination chemotherapy, as had previously been demonstrated in sexually mature men. Nine of 13 pubertal boys (ages 11 to 16) had moderate to severe gynecomastia and germinal aplasia, a 10-fold increase in mean (+/- S.D.) serum follicle-stimulating hormone (34.8 +/- 20.5 mlU per milliliter), a threefold increase in mean luteinizing hormone (17.8 +/- 9.8 mlU per milliliter) and reduced serum testosterone levels. Gynecomastia was not associated with an increase in either serum estradiol or prolactin concentrations. By contrast, six prepubertal boys (three to 10 years of age), similarly treated, showed no change in serum gonadotropins, and gynecomastia did not develop. The data confirm germ-cell depletion after combination chemotherapy and indicate further that Leydig-cell dysfunction, manifested by gynecomastia, may be a consequence of treatment in adolescent boys.