tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2731: Serum prostate health index and biopsy tissue DNA content at the time of diagnosis predicts the need for treatment in men enrolled in an active surveillance program
Authors: Sumit Isharwal, Danil Makarov, Lori J. Sokoll, Patricia Landis, Cameron Marlow, Jonathan I. Epstein, Alan W. Partin, H. Ballentine Carter, Robert W. Veltri
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction and Objective: We assessed a novel application of the Prostate Health Index [Phi = (proPSA / free PSA) × (square root of PSA)] developed by Beckman-Coulter Inc. and DNA content measurements in benign-adjacent and cancer tissue areas to predict which patients would eventually require treatment for prostate cancer (PCa) in an active surveillance (AS) cohort. Methods: We identified 71 men at the Johns Hopkins Hospital AS program which had banked serum from the time of diagnosis available for the study. 39 developed an unfavorable biopsy (Gleason score &amp;gt;6, Gleason pattern 4/5, &amp;gt;2 cores positive for cancer, &amp;gt;50% of any core involved with cancer), while 32 have maintained favorable biopsies (median follow-up: 3.7 years). Serum total PSA, free PSA and [−2] proPSA were measured by the Beckman Coulter immunoassay. DNA content measurements of Feulgen-stained biopsy sections were performed with the AutoCyteTM imaging system. Cox proportional hazard regression and Kaplan-Meier plots were used to identify significant prognosticators for unfavorable biopsy conversion-free survival. Results: The ratio of Phi in serum was significantly higher (37.23 ± 15.76 vs. 30.60 ± 12.70 p=0.03) in men ultimately developing unfavorable biopsies. Serum Phi [HR(95%CI): 2.39 (1.26-4.52), p=0.007], BA excess of optical density (OD) [HR (95%CI): 2.58 (1.17-5.68), p=0.019] and CA standard deviation of OD [HR (95%CI): 5.36 (1.89-15.24), p=0.002] were significant predictors of an unfavorable biopsy conversion in both Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. Patients with Phi &amp;gt;34.2 and CA standard deviation of OD &amp;gt;4.0 showed the highest risk for unfavorable biopsy conversion (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Conclusions: Measurement of the serum Phi and tissue DNA content at the time of diagnosis are able to predict which men enrolled in an AS cohort will ultimately require treatment for PCa. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2731.
A Preliminary Study of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation by Circumferential Compression of the Chest with Use of a Pneumatic Vest
Authors: Henry R. Halperin, Joshua E. Tsitlik, Mark Gelfand, Myron L. Weisfeldt, Kreg G. Gruben, Howard R. Levin, Barry K. Rayburn, Nisha C. Chandra, Carol Jack Scott, Billie J. Kreps, Cynthia O. Siu, Alan D. Guerci
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

More than 300,000 people die each year of cardiac arrest. Studies have shown that raising vascular pressures during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can improve survival and that vascular pressures can be raised by increasing intrathoracic pressure.To produce periodic increases in intrathoracic pressure, we developed a pneumatically cycled circumferential thoracic vest system and compared the results of the use of this system in CPR (vest CPR) with those of manual CPR. In phase 1 of the study, aortic and right-atrial pressures were measured during both vest CPR (60 inflations per minute) and manual CPR in 15 patients in whom a mean (+/- SD) of 42 +/- 16 minutes of initial manual CPR had been unsuccessful. Vest CPR was also carried out on 14 other patients in whom pressure measurements were not made. In phase 2 of the study, short-term survival was assessed in 34 additional patients randomly assigned to undergo vest CPR (17 patients) or continued manual CPR (17 patients) after initial manual CPR (duration, 11 +/- 4 minutes) had been unsuccessful.In phase 1 of the study, vest CPR increased the peak aortic pressure from 78 +/- 26 mm Hg to 138 +/- 28 mm Hg (P < 0.001) and the coronary perfusion pressure from 15 +/- 8 mm Hg to 23 +/- 11 mm Hg (P < 0.003). Despite prolonged unsuccessful manual CPR, spontaneous circulation returned with vest CPR in 4 of the 29 patients. In phase 2 of the study, spontaneous circulation returned in 8 of the 17 patients who underwent vest CPR as compared with only 3 of the 17 patients who received continued manual CPR (P = 0.14). More patients in the vest-CPR group than in the manual-CPR group were alive 6 hours after attempted resuscitation (6 of 17 vs. 1 of 17) and 24 hours after attempted resuscitation (3 of 17 vs. 1 of 17), but none survived to leave the hospital.In this preliminary study, vest CPR, despite its late application, successfully increased aortic pressure and coronary perfusion pressure, and there was an insignificant trend toward a greater likelihood of the return of spontaneous circulation with vest CPR than with continued manual CPR. The effect of vest CPR on survival, however, is currently unknown and will require further study.
IMPACT OF DIABETES MELLITUS ON 5-YEAR CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH SIGNIFICANT CORONARY ARTERY SPASM: A PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING STUDY
Authors: Seung-Woon Rha, Byoung Geol Choi, Se Yeon Choi, Shaopeng Xu, Harris Ngow Abdullah, Jae Joong Lee, Sunki Lee, Ji Bak Kim, Jin Oh Na, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong-Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Relative and Absolute Excess Risks of Coronary Heart Disease among Women Who Smoke Cigarettes
Authors: W C Willett, A Green, M J Stampfer, F E Speizer, G A Colditz, B Rosner, R R Monson, W Stason, C H Hennekens
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

We prospectively examined the incidence of coronary heart disease in relation to cigarette smoking in a cohort of 119,404 female nurses who were 30 to 55 years of age in 1976 and were free of diagnosed coronary disease. During six years of follow-up, 65 of the women died of fatal coronary heart disease and 242 had a nonfatal myocardial infarction. The number of cigarettes smoked per day was positively associated with the risk of fatal coronary heart disease (relative risk = 5.5 for greater than or equal to 25 cigarettes per day), nonfatal myocardial infarction (relative risk = 5.8), and angina pectoris (relative risk = 2.6). Even smoking 1 to 4 or 5 to 14 cigarettes per day was associated with a twofold to three-fold increase in the risk of fatal coronary heart disease or nonfatal infarction. Overall, cigarette smoking accounted for approximately half these events. The attributable (absolute excess) risk of coronary heart disease due to current smoking was highest among women who were already at increased risk because of older age, a parental history of myocardial infarction, a higher relative weight, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or diabetes. In contrast, former smokers had little, if any, increase in risk. These prospective data emphasize the importance of cigarette smoking as a determinant of coronary heart disease in women, as well as the markedly increased hazards associated with this habit in combination with other risk factors for this disease.
Phase II study of pemetrexed, carboplatin, and thoracic radiation with or without cetuximab in patients with locally advanced unresectable non-small cell lung cancer: CALGB 30407
Authors: R. Govindan, J. Bogart, X. Wang, L. Hodgson, R. Kratzke, E. E. Vokes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

7505 Background: Cisplatin, etoposide and concurrent thoracic radiation has remained the standard treatment for locally advanced unresectable non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) over the past two decades. The Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) conducted a phase II study using a novel chemotherapy regimen administered in systemically active doses with thoracic radiation (CALGB 30407). We previously reported the preliminary safety results (ASCO 2008, abstract 7518). Methods: Eligible patients with previously untreated stage III NSCLC received thoracic radiation (70 Gy) along with carboplatin (AUC 5) and pemetrexed 500 mg/m 2 on day 1 administered intravenously every 21 days for 4 cycles (arm A) or the same chemotherapy regimen with weekly cetuximab for 6 weeks concurrent with radiation (arm B). All patients received four additional cycles of pemetrexed (500 mg/m 2 every 21 days) as consolidation therapy. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients who lived longer than 18 months after starting initial treatment. We planned to study the regimen (s) further if the 18 month survival rates equaled or exceeded 55%. Results: Characteristics of the 99 eligible pts (48 in arm A and 51 arm B) enrolled from 09/05 to 1/08: male 62%, 22% were 70 yrs or older. The most common histological type was adenocarcinoma (46% in Arm A and 41% in Arm B). Updated toxicity data (grade 3 or greater, %) by arms (arm A/arm B) for 106 pts: neutropenia 40/47; febrile neutropenia 8/6, thrombocytopenia 36/34, nausea/vomiting 8/10, esophagitis 32/24, skin rash 2/21 and fatigue 22/17. The median follow up time is 17 months. Preliminary efficacy data by arms (arm A/arm B) for 99 pts: complete or partial response 73% (95% CI 59–83)/71% (95% CI 57–81%), median failure free survival (months) 12.9 (95% CI 8.6–18.0)/10.3 (95% CI 8.7–18.9); 18 month survival 57% (95% CI 41–79)/47% (95% CI 33–67) and median survival (months) 22.3/18.7. Conclusions: The combination of pemetrexed, carboplatin and thoracic radiation has met the protocol-specified criteria for further study. Although it does not appear that the addition of cetuximab confers additional benefit in this setting, further follow-up is necessary. [Table: see text]
Nonfunctioning Adrenocortical Tumor Showing Concentration of Tc-99m MDP in a Child
Authors: TZU-CHEN YEN, SHIN-HWA YEH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Nonfunctioning adrenocortical tumors are rare, especially in children. A 6-year-old girl was found to have a left suprarenal mass (5 cm × 7 cm in size) on ultrasound. The results of CT and Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy suggested a neuroblastoma. After surgery, the pathologic picture showed an adrenocortical tumor.
PTH-186 The Utility of Capsule Endoscopy in Patients with Iron Deficiency Anaemia Under 50 Years- is the Juice Worth the Squeeze?
Authors: P S Sidhu, M E McAlindon, K Drew, R Sidhu
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The role of capsule endoscopy (CE) in patients with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) under the age of 50 years remains unclear. There is paucity of data on its use in this age group. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of CE in patients under the age of 50 years in comparison to the older cohort. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients referred for CE routinely for IDA were included. Patients were divided into group 1 (&lt; 50 years) and group 2 (≥50 years). Data was collected retrospectively for demographics, the presence of co-morbidity, medications including anticoagulation, diagnostic yield and subsequent follow up. The data was analysed using SPSS Ver 18. <h3>Results</h3> There were 971 patients with IDA identified with 28% of patients belonging to group 1. The mean age was 40 years in this group (range17–49 years) with 61% (n = 168) of the cohort being female. The diagnostic yield in group 1 was 28%(n = 76) with no difference between the sexes. Significant diagnoses were found in this age group including erosions and ulcers 26%(n = 71), small bowel (SB) angioectasia (AE) in 10% (n = 27), SB tumours (7), crohn’s disease (7), SB bowel strictures (3), and SB varices (2). Other findings (14) included endometriosis, a dielaufoy lesion, diverticulum and fresh blood from uncertain site. On logistic regression, the presence of diabetes (p = 0.02) and the use of warfarin (p = 0.049) was associated with increased yield. Management was altered in 59%(n = 57) of patients with a positive yield on CE. This was in the form of double balloon enteroscopy (11), push enteroscopy (2), repeat OGD (2), surgery (2), repeat CE (5) with only one patient receiving argon photocoagulation therapy in this group. On logistic regression, clinical factors that were associated with a management change included the presence of rheumatology disease (p = 0.006), diabetes (p = 0.014), previous transfusion (p = 0.01) and SB AE (p = 0.002) in group 1. The diagnostic yield in group 2 was 38% which was significantly higher than in group 1 (p = 0.02). Whilst small bowel tumours were equally common in both groups, angioectasia was commoner in group 2 (p &lt; 0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> A significant proportion of patients below 50 years are referred for CE. Although the diagnostic yield is lower compared to those above 50 years, significant pathology is found in this age group. CE should be considered in the management pathway of patients under 50 years with recurrent IDA in both sexes. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Urinoma in a Renal Transplant Patient
Authors: GERHARD GOERRES, JAN MÜLLER-BRAND
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

MAG-3 combines the advantages of tubular secretion with Tc-99m labeling and offers decreased radiation exposure compared to l-131 orthoiodohippurate, improved anatomic imaging, and lower cost. Postoperative renal scintigraphy is performed to document graft perfusion and function and to identify urinary obstruction or leakage. Lateral views may help discriminate a fluid collection from biliary and bowel activity. On delayed images, Tc-99m MAG3 and by-products appear in the bowel because of biliary excretion. In this example, prompt identification of the graft, bladder, and urinoma was facilitated by imaging in the lateral position.
AB1091 Evaluation of sexual satisfaction in fibromyalgic patients
Authors: A. Consensi, A. Rossi, C. Giacomelli, C. Conversano, C. Ferrari, F. De Feo, F. Sernissi, L. Dell’Osso, S. Bombardieri, L. Bazzichi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> FM is a chronic disease affecting predominantly women and characterized by widespread pain, fatigue and several symptoms that may cause severe disability and impairment of quality of life including sexual behaviour. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to compare the sexual satisfaction of FM patients with that of healthy controls. <h3>Methods</h3> We enrolled 100 women with FM (48±9), and 40 healthy women (42±9). Patients were evaluated by rheumatologists which evaluated clinical parameters (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, VAS pain, VAS depression, tender points). All subjects were administered the questionnaire "Index of sexual satisfaction" (ISS) (1), a questionnaire that is an indicator of the marital sexual satisfaction and gives indications regarding the emotional aspects of sexual life. High scores of ISS indicate low quality of sexual life and some problems in the sexual part of the marital relationship. In particular the patients with an overall ISS score higher than 30 points (cut-off point) were considered to have sexual dysfunction. <h3>Results</h3> The mean ISS score was significantly greater in FM patients (34.23±19.45) than that for healthy controls (23.31±13.20) (p=0.009). The percentage of patients with ISS&gt;30, indicative of sexual dysfunction, was significantly higher for the FM patients (58%) with respect to healthy controls (28%) (p=0.0005). Moreover ISS showed a significant positive correlation with the FIQ score (r=0.31, p=0.005) and VAS depression score (r=0.36, p=0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results show that FM patients had a poor quality of sexual life, especially concerning the emotional aspects of sexual life, as indicated by the higher ISS score. Emotions definitely play a crucial role in sexual behavior of FM patients, and psychological aspects (depression, anxiety) have surely a great influence on the sexual behavior of FM patients. Understanding the association between FM and sexual dysfunction is fundamental in order to develop prevention and treatment strategies since sexual aspects are an important issue relating to the quality of life. <h3>References</h3> Hudson WW et al. J Sex Res. 1981;17:157-174. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
NON-INVASIVE MARKERS OF DISPERSION OF REPOLARIZATION, VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS AND ICD THERAPIES IN POST-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS WITH RELATIVELY PRESERVED LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Bich Lien Nguyen, Sara Iuliano, Alessandro Persi, Fabrizio Ammirati, Antonio Ciccaglioni, Nicola Alessandri, Carlo Gaudio, Gianfranco Piccirillo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
A prospective cohort study evaluating a novel colonoscopy platform featuring full-spectrum endoscopy
Authors: Ian Gralnek, Ori Segol, Alain Suissa, Peter Siersema, David Carr-Locke, Zamir Halpern, Erwin Santo, Svetlana Domanov
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Although colonoscopy is the criterion standard for detecting colorectal adenomas and cancers, a significant percentage of adenomas are missed with this technique. We aimed to establish the feasibility, usability, and safety of a novel colonoscopy platform featuring full-spectrum endoscopy (FUSE).This was a prospective, single-center pilot and feasibility study. In total, 50 individuals, ages 18 - 70 years, underwent colonoscopy featuring FUSE (up to 330° field of view) for colorectal cancer screening, polyp surveillance, or diagnostic evaluation. Study end points included success of cecal intubation, time to cecal intubation, withdrawal time, total procedure time, success of therapeutic interventions, adverse events, and endoscopists' subjective evaluation of FUSE.Cecal intubation was achieved in 50/50 individuals (100 %). Time to cecum (minutes, mean ± SD) was 3.1 ± 1.5 minutes, withdrawal time 12.7 ± 4.4 minutes, and total procedure time 15.3 ± 4.6 minutes. In 22/50 cases (44 %), 26 therapeutic interventions were performed: 19 (73.1 %) biopsies and 7 (26.9 %) polypectomies. No acute or delayed adverse events were observed. Patient satisfaction and endoscopist subjective evaluation were high.A colonoscopy platform featuring full-spectrum endoscopy appears feasible, usable, and safe. These results represent an important advance in colonoscopy imaging technology and should be further pursued in comparative human studies.
Multiple-Myeloma Bone Disease
Authors: Robert A. Kyle, Jenifer Jowsey, Patrick J. Kelly, Donald R. Taves
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

A randomized double-blind study was carried out in 26 patients with multiple myeloma to compare the therapeutic effect of sodium fluoride (50 mg twice daily) plus calcium carbonate (1 g four times daily) and placebo. All patients also received melphalan and prednisone for one week every six weeks. Bone biopsies for microradiography and histology, and videodensitometry as well as conventional roentgenograms, 99mTc-polyphosphate bone scans, and bone densitometry of the mid and distal radius, were done initially and one year after therapy. Microradiography and videodensitometry studies revealed significant increases in bone formation (P less than 0.01) and bone mass (P less than 0.005) in the fluoride-calcium group. Bone trabeculae appeared thickened on roentgenograms of six of 13 fluoride-calcium-treated patients (P less than 0.02). Technetium bone scans and bone densitometry determinations proved insensitive for detection of skeletal changes. Fluoride calcium should be considered a useful adjunct in the treatment for multiple myeloma.
Osteoblastoma in the Nasal Cavity
Authors: Young Jin Jeong, Myung-Hee Sohn, Seok Tae Lim, Dong Wook Kim, Hwan-Jeong Jeong, Kyu Yun Jang, Chang-Yeol Yim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

A benign osteoblastoma of the nasal cavity is very rare. A 57-year-old woman, who had a radical hysterectomy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix 5 years ago, underwent F-18 FDG PET/CT. An expansile bone tumor with high glucose metabolism in the middle turbinate of the left nasal cavity was incidentally demonstrated. A subsequent Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate 3-phase bone scan revealed focal increased uptake of radionuclide in all 3 phases at the corresponding tumor. Histology confirmed a benign osteoblastoma that was composed of proliferating osteoblasts with woven bone spicules and rich vascular stroma. Scintigraphic findings, including F-18 FDG PET/CT and 3-phase bone scan, reflected the pathologic features well.
P74 British asthma guideline revision does affect prescribing patterns in children
Authors: H. Elkout, J. S. McLay, C. R. Simpson, P. J. Helms
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Although audits of prescribing practice referenced to the British asthma management guidelines have been reported little is known on the impact of guideline revisions. Concerns about the use of high dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in children, implicit in earlier adult oriented guidelines, has resulted in the promotion of add on therapy with long acting beta agonist (LABA) and/or leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) and advice on age appropriate doses of short courses of oral corticosteroids (OCS) for exacerbations. <h3>Methods</h3> Prescribing of asthma medication for children 0–18 years from 46 Scottish General Practices contributing to the Practice Team Information (PTI) database was assessed before (2001–2) and after the 2003 BTS/SIGN guideline revision<sup>1</sup> (2005–6). PTI represents the rural/urban and socioeconomic make up of the whole Scottish population and includes 155 230 children in the 0–18 year age group (7.2–7.8% with at least one prescription for an asthma medication per year). <h3>Results</h3> In those children prescribed at least one asthma medication in each year of study, ICS at high dose (&gt;400 μg beclometasone equivalent) decreased from 16.3% in 2001–2 to 11.7% in 2005–6 (p&lt;0.001). This was accompanied by an increase in the prescribing of add-on therapy (LABA and/or LTRA) from 15.0% in 2001–2 to 26.2% in 2005–6. Prescribing of short courses (5–7 days) of OCS increased most prominently in children aged &lt;5 years (from 6% in 2001–2 to 16% in 2005–6, p&lt;0.001) for children at all treatment steps including those prescribed short acting beta agonist only. Only 27 children were prescribed LABA without concurrent ICS and of the 710 children prescribed LABA/ICS combination, 176 (25%) had not been prescribed ICS in the previous year. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Revisions of the BTS/SIGN guidelines do modify prescribing practice in children. The greater use of LABA, LTRA and reduction in ICS dose has been accompanied by a greater use of OCS that may reflect poorer control of acute episodes or a lower threshold and greater confidence by prescribers in the use of OCS.