tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Implementing the International Health Regulations (2005) in Europe
Authors: G Rodier, M Hardiman, B Plotkin, B Ganter
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2006)

The adoption of the International Health Regulations (2005) (also referred to as IHR(2005) or the revised Regulations) provides a remarkable new legal tool for the protection of international public health. Upon entry into force on 15 June 2007, Article 2 ('Purpose and scope') provides that the overall focus of the efforts of States Parties (and World Health Organization's efforts under the revised Regulations will be to prevent, protect against, control and provide a public health response to the international spread of disease in ways that are commensurate with the public health risks and which avoid unnecessary interference with international traffic. Health measures under the revised Regulations will be implemented with respect for travellers' human rights, with several specific new requirements in this area. To comply with the IHR(2005), States Parties (WHO member states that will be bound by the IHR(2005)) will have to have core public health capacities in disease surveillance and response, as well as additional capacities at designated international ports, airports and land crossings. This unique collective commitment will require close collaboration between WHO and the States Parties, but also intersectoral collaboration within the States themselves, including collaboration among different administrative or governmental levels, a particular issue for federal states, and horizontally across ministries and disciplines. Collaboration among States Parties is a key aspect of the revised Regulations, whether among neighbours, or with trading partners, members of regional economic integration organisations or other regional groups, or simply members of the international community. This collaboration is particularly relevant for the Member States of the European Union.
Abstract 16911: Behind the Looking Glass: Comparing Time to First Event versus Multiple Events Analyses in a Post-myocardial Infarction Clinical Trial
Authors: Kerry L Lee, Rhonda S Roberts, Daniel B Mark, Hussein R Al-Khalidi, Robin Boineau, Yves Rosenberg, Mario Stylianou, Gervasio A Lamas
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Standard analysis of clinical trials with composite endpoints compare time-to-first event. Subsequent events are not counted and therefore not taken into account in treatment comparisons. We compared standard analyses to analyses that take into account all the events a patient may have experienced. Methods: The Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT) enrolled 1708 post-MI pts in a factorial trial comparing edetate disodium infusions versus placebo infusions and oral vitamins and minerals versus oral placebo. TACT had a composite primary endpoint: death, MI, stroke, coronary revascularization, and hospitalization for angina. Pre-specified primary analysis for TACT was based on the standard approach of considering time until the occurrence of the first event. Two different approaches for multiple events analyses were compared to the standard approach: 1] a generalization of the Cox model to handle recurrent events, developed by Andersen &amp; Gill (AG), and 2] a marginal modeling approach developed by Wie, Lin, and Weissfeld (WLW). Each considers the correlation among multiple events occurring within a pt. Results: There were 743 events in TACT. 483/1708 (28%) of the patients had at least 1 event. Time-to-first-event analysis did not use information on 260 (35%) events. The standard analysis for edetate disodium vs placebo produced a hazard ratio (HR) 0.82, 95% confidence intervals 0.69,0.99, p=0.035. Both multiple events analyses demonstrated narrower confidence intervals and lower P values. AG: HR 0.80 (0.66,0.96), p=0.017; and WLW: HR 0.79 (0.66, 0.95), p=0.010. In the comparison of the active edetate + active MVM vs placebo edetate + placebo MVM, there were 247/858 (29%) pts with at least 1 event, but there were 371 events. Therefore, 124 (33%) were not used. Results of the standard analysis for edetate + MVM showed HR 0.74 (0.57,0.95), p=0.016; for AG HR 0.66 (0.51,0.85),p=0.002, and for WLW HR 0.38 (0.30,0.49), p&lt;0.001. Conclusion: In this post-MI trial, a standard time to first event analysis did not make use of over 1/3 of events. Multiple events analysis can improve the precision of the estimate of benefit by producing narrower confidence intervals. These methods could be considered to reduce sample size and budgets in future clinical trials.
Recurrent mutations of the exportin 1 gene (XPO1) and their impact on selective inhibitor of nuclear export compounds sensitivity in primary mediastinal B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Fabrice Jardin, Anais Pujals, Laura Pelletier, Elodie Bohers, Vincent Camus, Sylvain Mareschal, Sydney Dubois, Brigitte Sola, Marlène Ochmann, François Lemonnier, Pierre‐Julien Viailly, Philippe Bertrand, Catherine Maingonnat, Alexandra Traverse‐Glehen, Philippe Gaulard, Diane Damotte, Richard Delarue, Corinne Haioun, Christian Argueta, Yosef Landesman, Gilles Salles, Jean‐Philippe Jais, Martin Figeac, Christiane Copie‐Bergman, Thierry Jo Molina, Jean Michel Picquenot, Marie Cornic, Thierry Fest, Noel Milpied, Emilie Lemasle, Aspasia Stamatoullas, Peter Moeller, Martin J.S Dyer, Christer Sundstrom, Christian Bastard, Hervé Tilly, Karen Leroy
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2016)

Primary mediastinal B‐cell lymphoma (PMBL) is an entity of B‐cell lymphoma distinct from the other molecular subtypes of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We investigated the prevalence, specificity, and clinical relevance of mutations of XPO1 , which encodes a member of the karyopherin‐β nuclear transporters, in a large cohort of PMBL. PMBL cases defined histologically or by gene expression profiling (GEP) were sequenced and the XPO1 mutational status was correlated to genetic and clinical characteristics. The XPO1 mutational status was also assessed in DLBCL, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and mediastinal gray‐zone lymphoma (MGZL).The biological impact of the mutation on Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compounds (KPT‐185/330) sensitivity was investigated in vitro . XPO1 mutations were present in 28/117 (24%) PMBL cases and in 5/19 (26%) HL cases but absent/rare in MGZL (0/20) or DLBCL (3/197). A higher prevalence (50%) of the recurrent codon 571 variant (p.E571K) was observed in GEP‐defined PMBL and was associated with shorter PFS. Age, International Prognostic Index and bulky mass were similar in XPO1 mutant and wild‐type cases. KPT‐185 induced a dose‐dependent decrease in cell proliferation and increased cell‐death in PMBL cell lines harboring wild type or XPO1 E571K mutant alleles. Experiments in transfected U2OS cells further confirmed that the XPO1 E571K mutation does not have a drastic impact on KPT‐330 binding. To conclude the XPO1 E571K mutation represents a genetic hallmark of the PMBL subtype and serves as a new relevant PMBL biomarker. SINE compounds appear active for both mutated and wild‐type protein. Am. J. Hematol. 91:923–930, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatic cysts detected on myocardial perfusion scintigraphy.
Authors: P S Duarte, H Zhuang, R Blasbalg, F Aldighieri, L R Martins, G Alonso
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

DUARTE, PAULO S. M.D.,*; ZHUANG, HONGMING M.D., Ph.D.,†; BLASBALG, ROBERTO M.D.,*; ALDIGHIERI, FLAVIA B.Sc.,*; MARTINS, LUIZ R. F. M.D.*; ALONSO, GILBERTO M.D.* Author Information
Quality review of outpatient psychopharmacological practice with APA Task Force criteria
Authors: F Kass, E Charles, T Walsh, J Barsa
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

The authors conducted quality review of outpatient psychopharmacological practice in 180 cases with the screening criteria of the APA Task Force on Psychopharmacological Criteria Development and a subset of 12 criteria involving higher-risk practices. Excessive duration of drug treatment was the most common questionable practice, and no relationship was found between frequency of questionable practices and patients' sex, age, social class, or Global Assessment Scale score. An educational exercise based on the audit resulted in a nonsignificant decrease in the higher-risk practices.
Soundings: The Welshman in the temple
Authors: Colin Douglas
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The Welshman was very old and very, very upset. He crouched in his wheelchair, waving his stick and shouting. “What's all this then? What are they doing here? Who let them in?” The elderly woman pushing his wheelchair leaned over. “Not sure, dear... But it seems to be the modern way.” “Modern be buggered,” he shouted. “I'm not having it.” Passers-by ignored him or just cringed. A pale youth with one arm in a sling sprang backwards to avoid the flailing walking stick and dropped his Starbucks cappuccino grande.

“Sorry, boyo. I'm really sorry.” The old man's smile was charm itself. “I'll get them to clean that up for you. And how's the NHS treating you? I want to know... It's your arm, isn't it?' The youth bit his lip and sniffed. “Not good, eh? Oh dear.”

“Terrible, terrible... ” said the old man a few minutes later. “Who'd have thought it? And the price he paid for that coffee!”

“The money's different now,” said his minder rather sharply. “And we'd better be getting on.”

“But what's all this... A lawyer's office? Two banks? And three extortionate coffee shops? Each one exploiting the working man... And a right flashy hairdresser... exploiting the women, eh? I don't like it at all.” By now his wheelchair was speeding towards the door.

“Stop, Jenny... Stop! What's this? In one of my hospitals?” By the door a pair of Securicor men, dressed for Star Wars, were emptying the daily takings from a parking payment point. A torrent of pound coins clattered into their treasure chest. “So what's all that about?” “It's the parking money,” said his minder. “What? They even take money for the parking?”

Again his stick flew, scattering the men in armour. Two security guards in bullet-proof vests set out across the hospital mall, but were pre-empted by the hospital chaplain, who leaned over and whispered something that seemed to calm our ancient visitor. His eyes twinkled. His shock of white hair was somehow familiar. “It's the what? The PFI?” He smiled. “Not the NHS? Nothing to do with my NHS, right? Oh, that's all right then.” And then NHS founder Nye Bevan, his stick, and his minder all suddenly disappeared—leaving only a wheelchair, a ghost of a smile, and a faintly disturbing memory of 1948.
CR-15CYSTIC CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA; SIMPLE TECHNIQUE USING SINGLE BURR HOLE FOR INSERTION OF AN OMMAYA RESERVOIR DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND ITS ADVANTAGE OVER OPEN CRANIOTOMY APPROACH
Authors: Mohamed Arnaout, Esam Daoud, Manar Bessar, Hazem Soliman
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

We introduce a simple technique using single burr hole for insertion of an Ommaya reservoir drainage system, compared with free hand open craniotomy insertion of the Ommaya reservoir drainage system based on clinical, radiological, operative features, and outcome, and to assess the role and effectiveness of this simple technique for cystic craniopharyngiomas.
Palliative care is not just for those who are dying
Authors: Ana Todorovic
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Palliative care is not just for those who are dyingAna Todorovic reflects on the things that helped her when facing the death of her unborn daughter Nadia Ana Todorovic "There is no easy way to say this, but your baby is very, very sick."I was 37 weeks pregnant, and they had just found our baby had severe dilated cardiomyopathy.The doctor thought she would die within days.He suggested injecting potassium in her heart, to be certain that she would not survive terribly impaired.[Image: Rose Lloyd] She kicked and squirmed inside me as I tried to wrap my mind around this, stunned with shock.It made no sense to take action.Could we not simply let her die in peace?He said this was not an option.
RO-14CRANIOSPINAL IRRADIATION (CSI) FOR MEDULLOBLASTOMA: FROM 3D CONFORMAL RADIOTHERAPY (3DCRT) TO VOLUMETRIC MODULATED ARC THERAPY (VMAT). ARE WE READY FOR THE CHANGE?
Authors: Lorenza Gandola, Silvia Meroni, Tommaso Giandini, Emilia Pecori, Barbara Diletto, Claudia Cavatorta, Veronica Biassoni, Elisabetta Schiavello, Filippo Spreafico, Maura Massimino, Emanuele Pignoli
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Analysis of Immune Signatures in Longitudinal Tumor Samples Yields Insight into Biomarkers of Response and Mechanisms of Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Pei-Ling Chen, Whijae Roh, Alexandre Reuben, Zachary A. Cooper, Christine N. Spencer, Peter A. Prieto, John P. Miller, Roland L. Bassett, Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan, Khalida Wani, Mariana Petaccia De Macedo, Jacob L. Austin-Breneman, Hong Jiang, Qing Chang, Sangeetha M. Reddy, Wei-Shen Chen, Michael T. Tetzlaff, Russell J. Broaddus, Michael A. Davies, Jeffrey E. Gershenwald, Lauren Haydu, Alexander J. Lazar, Sapna P. Patel, Patrick Hwu, Wen-Jen Hwu, Adi Diab, Isabella C. Glitza, Scott E. Woodman, Luis M. Vence, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Rodabe N. Amaria, Lawrence N. Kwong, Victor Prieto, R. Eric Davis, Wencai Ma, Willem W. Overwijk, Arlene H. Sharpe, Jianhua Hu, P. Andrew Futreal, Jorge Blando, Padmanee Sharma, James P. Allison, Lynda Chin, Jennifer A. Wargo
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2016)

Immune checkpoint blockade represents a major breakthrough in cancer therapy; however, responses are not universal. Genomic and immune features in pretreatment tumor biopsies have been reported to correlate with response in patients with melanoma and other cancers, but robust biomarkers have not been identified. We studied a cohort of patients with metastatic melanoma initially treated with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) blockade (n = 53) followed by programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade at progression (n = 46), and analyzed immune signatures in longitudinal tissue samples collected at multiple time points during therapy. In this study, we demonstrate that adaptive immune signatures in tumor biopsy samples obtained early during the course of treatment are highly predictive of response to immune checkpoint blockade and also demonstrate differential effects on the tumor microenvironment induced by CTLA4 and PD-1 blockade. Importantly, potential mechanisms of therapeutic resistance to immune checkpoint blockade were also identified.These studies demonstrate that adaptive immune signatures in early on-treatment tumor biopsies are predictive of response to checkpoint blockade and yield insight into mechanisms of therapeutic resistance. These concepts have far-reaching implications in this age of precision medicine and should be explored in immune checkpoint blockade treatment across cancer types. Cancer Discov; 6(8); 827-37. ©2016 AACR.See related commentary by Teng et al., p. 818This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 803.
Chemical Studies on the Tumor-Necrotizing Agent from <italic>Serratia marcescens</italic> (Shear's Polysaccharide)<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">2</xref>
Authors: Paul Rathgeb, Ph.D., Bengt Sylvén, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1954)

Journal Article Chemical Studies on the Tumor-Necrotizing Agent from Serratia marcescens (Shear's Polysaccharide) Get access Paul Rathgeb, Ph.D., Paul Rathgeb, Ph.D. Cancer Research Division of Radiumhemmet, Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bengt Sylvén, M.D. Bengt Sylvén, M.D. Cancer Research Division of Radiumhemmet, Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 14, Issue 5, April 1954, Pages 1109–1117, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/14.5.1109 Published: 01 April 1954 Article history Received: 21 August 1953 Published: 01 April 1954
Cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin versus vinblastine, cisplatin, and etoposide in the treatment of advanced germ cell tumors of the testis.
Authors: E Johnson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1991.9.6.1092 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 1709684 Cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin versus vinblastine, cisplatin, and etoposide in the treatment of advanced germ cell tumors of the testis. E JohnsonxE JohnsonSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1991.9.6.1092 First Page PDF © 1991 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Lack Of Advantage Of Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Over Bone Marrow From HLA Matched Related Donors After Myeloablative Conditioning For Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Paulo Vidal Campregher, Nelson Hamerschlak, Vergilio Antonio Renzi Colturato, Marcos Mauad, Mair Pedro de Souza, Luis Fernando S Bouzas, Rita deCássia Barbosa Tavares, Jose C. Barros, Ricardo Chiattone, Lisandra della Costa, Lucia Silla, Afonso Celso Vigorito, Eliana C M Miranda, Vaneuza Araujo Moreira, Mary E.D. Flowers
Journal: Blood (2013)
EPN-15HYPOFRACTIONATED RADIOTHERAPY (RT) BOOST FOR CHILDREN WITH EPENDYMOMA AND A MEASURABLE RESIDUE AFTER SURGERY: FINAL RESULTS OF THE 2ND AIEOP PROTOCOL (ASSOCIAZIONE ITALIANA EMATOLOGIA ONCOLOGIA PEDIATRICA)
Authors: Lorenza Gandola, Emilia Pecori, Giovanni Scarzello, Salvina Barra, Maurizio Mascarin, Silvia Scoccianti, Barbara Diletto, Anna Mussano, Maria Luisa Garré, Iacopo Sardi, Silvia Meroni, Veronica Biassoni, Elisabetta Schiavello, Filippo Spreafico, Emanuele Pignoli, Felice Giangaspero, Maura Massimino
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Recorded and Expected Mortality Among the Navajo, with Special Reference to Cancer
Authors: R L SMITH, C G SALSBURY, A G GILLIAM
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1956)

Journal Article Recorded and Expected Mortality Among the Navajo, with Special Reference to Cancer Get access Robert L. Smith, M.D., Robert L. Smith, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clarence G. Salsbury, M.D., Clarence G. Salsbury, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alexander G. Gilliam, M.D. Alexander G. Gilliam, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 17, Issue 1, July 1956, Pages 77–89, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/17.1.77 Published: 01 July 1956 Article history Received: 23 February 1956 Published: 01 July 1956
Polypharmacy and effects of apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: post hoc analysis of the ARISTOTLE trial
Authors: Jeroen Jaspers Focks, Marc A Brouwer, Daniel M Wojdyla, Laine Thomas, Renato D Lopes, Jeffrey B Washam, Fernando Lanas, Denis Xavier, Steen Husted, Lars Wallentin, John H Alexander, Christopher B Granger, Freek W A Verheugt
Journal: BMJ (2016)

<b>Objective</b>&nbsp;To determine whether the treatment effect of apixaban versus warfarin differs with increasing numbers of concomitant drugs used by patients with atrial fibrillation. <b>Design</b>&nbsp;Post hoc analysis performed in 2015 of results from ARISTOTLE (apixaban for reduction in stroke and other thromboembolic events in atrial fibrillation)—a multicentre, double blind, double dummy trial that started in 2006 and ended in 2011. <b>Participants</b>&nbsp;18 201 ARISTOTLE trial participants. <b>Interventions</b>&nbsp;In the ARISTOTLE trial, patients were randomised to either 5 mg apixaban twice daily (n=9120) or warfarin (target international normalised ratio range 2.0-3.0; n=9081). In the post hoc analysis, patients were divided into groups according to the number of concomitant drug treatments used at baseline (0-5, 6-8, ≥9 drugs) with a median follow-up of 1.8 years. <b>Main outcome measures</b>&nbsp;Clinical outcomes and treatment effects of apixaban versus warfarin (adjusted for age, sex, and country). <b>Results</b>&nbsp;Each patient used a median of six drugs (interquartile range 5-9); polypharmacy (≥5 drugs) was seen in 13 932 (76.5%) patients. Greater numbers of concomitant drugs were used in older patients, women, and patients in the United States. The number of comorbidities increased across groups of increasing numbers of drugs (0-5, 6-8, ≥9 drugs), as did the proportions of patients treated with drugs that interact with warfarin or apixaban. Mortality also rose significantly with the number of drug treatments (P&lt;0.001), as did rates of stroke or systemic embolism (1.29, 1.48, and 1.57 per 100 patient years, for 0-5, 6-8, and ≥9 drugs, respectively) and major bleeding (1.91, 2.46, and 3.88 per 100 patient years, respectively). Relative risk reductions in stroke or systemic embolism for apixaban versus warfarin were consistent, regardless of the number of concomitant drugs (P<sub>interaction</sub>=0.82). A smaller reduction in major bleeding was seen with apixaban versus warfarin with increasing numbers of concomitant drugs (P<sub>interaction</sub>=0.017). Patients with interacting (potentiating) drugs for warfarin or apixaban had similar outcomes and consistent treatment effects of apixaban versus warfarin. <b>Conclusions</b>&nbsp;In the ARISTOTLE trial, three quarters of patients had polypharmacy; this subgroup had an increased comorbidity, more interacting drugs, increased mortality, and higher rates of thromboembolic and bleeding complications. In terms of a potential differential response to anticoagulation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and polypharmacy, apixaban was more effective than warfarin, and is at least just as safe. <b>Trial registration</b>&nbsp;ARISTOTLE trial, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00412984.
Penicillin-Resistant Staphylococci
Authors: E WOLFFENBUTTEL
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

In the few years since penicillin has come into wide use, it has become increasingly apparent that some strains of Staphylococcus obtained from patients with infections may vary widely in their sensitivity to penicillin and that resistant strains are frequently encountered. This has been reflected clinically, as pointed out by Bloomfield and his associates,<sup>1</sup>in a number of failures in the treatment of staphylococcic infection with penicillin. North and Christie<sup>2</sup>found a highly significant proportion of penicillin-resistant staphylococci in lesions of patients in wards in which penicillin treatment had been given. Martyn<sup>3</sup>studied normal, healthy, breast-fed infants, born in the maternity department of St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, England; he isolated Staphylococcus pyogenes from the nasopharynx in 62 per cent and from the feces in 50 per cent. The nasopharynx yielded 55.5 per cent penicillin-resistant staphylococci and the feces 58.5 per cent. All the resistant strains produced penicillinase.
Tissue Sites of Alpha1 Fetoprotein Synthesis by the Rat During Pregnancy and Hepatoma Growth 2
Authors: Stewart Sell, Hal Skelly
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

The tissue sites of alphal fetoprotein (AFP) synthesis by the rat during gestation and hepatoma growth were determined by specific incorporation of a radiolabeled amino acid precursor into AFP by tissue cultures in vitro. During gestation, AFP were produced by the yolk sac, the fetal liver, and in small amounts by the fetal gastrointestinal tract; there was no synthesis by maternal rat tissues. During growth of a transplantable hepatoma, only the hepatoma tissue synthesized AFP; the nontumor tissue of the host contained AFP but did not produce it.