tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTH-153 Nutritional enhanced recovery after oesophagectomy: post-pyloric feeding following discharge
Authors: RC Mclean, J Sturrock, H Jaretzke, L Jones, SM Griffin
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Oesophagectomy is associated with pre- and postoperative nutritional difficulties, including protein-energy malnutrition (defined as &gt;10% weight loss). Postoperative nutritional enhanced recovery aims to optimise nutrition with early reintroduction of enteral feeding by post-pyloric feeding (jejunostomy) following their operation, and also a period of overnight enteral feeding following discharge for the patients at greatest risk of failure to thrive. <h3>Method</h3> To investigate the postoperative weight changes and readmissions in patients who continued PPF after discharge and those who did not receive prolonged feeding, this retrospective audit reviewed case notes for 210 patients who underwent oesophagectomy between 1<sup>st</sup>January 2012 and 30<sup>th</sup>April 2014. Analyses were performed in SPSS v17.0 as Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Mann Whitney with Holm’s correction, statistical significance defined as p &lt; 0.05. <h3>Results</h3> Thirty-seven patients continued post-pyloric feeding following discharge for a median duration of 78 days. They had a significantly lower preoperative BMI (24.6 vs. 26.0, p = 0.016), but no significant difference in age, gender or postoperative length of stay. Until 6-months postoperatively, those who received prolonged PPF had significantly lower weight loss (-8.0% vs. 12.8%, p &lt; 0.001), however following the cessation of feeding, their weight loss rapidly increased to be non-significantly different to the non-feeding group at 12-months (–11.2% vs. 12.6%, p = 0.364). The non-feeding group had a greater proportion of patients at all follow-up stages who had a weight loss &gt;10%. There was no significant difference in overall readmissions, however there were significantly fewer patients readmitted with failure to thrive in the PPF group (p = 0.021). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Oesophagectomy is shown to be associated with substantial weight loss and postoperative protein-energy malnutrition. Postoperative weight loss and failure to thrive can be significantly reduced with post-pyloric feeding following discharge. This audit supports implementation of prolonged PPF in patients at risk of failure to thrive. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Facile Cell Sheet Harvest and Translocation Mediated by a Thermally Expandable Hydrogel with Controlled Cell Adhesion
Authors: Yu Bin Lee, Young Min Shin, Eun Mi Kim, Jangsoo Lim, Joong‐Yup Lee, Heungsoo Shin
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Facile cell sheet translocation system is developed based on a thermally expandable hydrogel with modular cell adhesion favorable for both robust cell sheet formation and harvest. Efficient translocation is achieved at moderate cell-substrate interaction, which can be tuned by two-step reactions of mussel-inspired coating.
Proposed Usage of Animal Tissue Culture Terms
Authors: S Fedoroff
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

Journal Article Proposed Usage of Animal Tissue Culture Terms Get access S. Fedoroff S. Fedoroff Chairman Committee on Terminology, Tissue Culture Association Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 38, Issue 4, April 1967, Pages 607–611, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/38.4.607 Published: 01 April 1967
Genetic Relation between the Zellweger Syndrome, Infantile Refsum's Disease, and Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata
Authors: R J Wanders, D Saelman, H S Heymans, R B Schutgens, A Westerveld, B T Poll-Thé, J M Saudubray, H Van den Bosch, A Strijland, A W Schram
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)
Nonpharmacologic treatments for memory losses with normal aging
Authors: J A Yesavage
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

In a critical review of studies of training programs for elderly individuals with cognitive deficits, the author found that decrements of cognitive function with aging are not small. In 70-year-old normal individuals, losses are on the order of 20%-40%, depending on the process tested and the testing method. Although long-term effects are poorly documented, training programs for normal elderly individuals have been shown to improve selected cognitive processes, including memory, to about the same degree that some of these processes decline with aging.
Nose-to-brain delivery of macromolecules mediated by cell-penetrating peptides
Authors: Tingting Lin, Ergang Liu, Huining He, Meong Cheol Shin, Cheol Moon, Victor C. Yang, Yongzhuo Huang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2016)

Brain delivery of macromolecular therapeutics (e.g., proteins) remains an unsolved problem because of the formidable blood-brain barrier (BBB). Although a direct pathway of nose-to-brain transfer provides an answer to circumventing the BBB and has already been intensively investigated for brain delivery of small drugs, new challenges arise for intranasal delivery of proteins because of their larger size and hydrophilicity. In order to overcome the barriers and take advantage of available pathways (e.g., epithelial tight junctions, uptake by olfactory neurons, transport into brain tissues, and intra-brain diffusion), a low molecular weight protamine (LMWP) cell-penetrating peptide was utilized to facilitate nose-to-brain transport. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) have been widely used to mediate macromolecular delivery through many kinds of biobarriers. Our results show that conjugates of LMWP-proteins are able to effectively penetrate into the brain after intranasal administration. The CPP-based intranasal method highlights a promising solution for protein therapy of brain diseases.
Organ-Selective Action of an Antitumor Drug: Pharmacologic Studies of Liposome-Encapsulated β-Cytosine Arabinoside Administered via the Respiratory System of the Rat2
Authors: H. N. McCullough, R. L. Juliano
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Journal Article Organ-Selective Action of an Antitumor Drug: Pharmacologic Studies of Liposome-Encapsulated β-Cytosine Arabinoside Administered via the Respiratory System of the Rat Get access H. N. McCullough, H. N. McCullough 3The Hospital for Sick Children, Research Institute, 555 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. L. Juliano R. L. Juliano 4 3The Hospital for Sick Children, Research Institute, 555 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8. 5We thank D. Stamp for excellent technical assistance and Maureen Howat for typing and editorial assistance. 4Address reprint requests to Dr. Juliano at his present address: Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, P.O. Box 20708, Houston, Tex. 77025. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 63, Issue 3, September 1979, Pages 727–731, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/63.3.727 Published: 01 September 1979 Article history Received: 19 September 1978 Accepted: 13 March 1979 Published: 01 September 1979
Management of Hypertension in the Elderly
Authors: W S Aronow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Recommendations for the management of hypertension in the elderly are largely consistent with the exception of the 2013 Joint National Committee (JNC) 8 guidelines that recommend lowering systolic blood pressure (SBP) in persons aged ≥60 years to <150 mmHg if they do not have diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease. In contrast, I concur with the minority view from JNC 8 which recommends a SBP goal in these persons aged 60 to 79 years of <140 mmHg. This view is consistent with the 2011 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines that also recommend a SBP goal of 140 to 145 mmHg if tolerated in adults aged ≥80 years. ACC/AHA consensus guidelines use the totality of evidence in addition to randomized controlled trial data. These guidelines are also consistent with treatment recommendations from numerous other societies that recommend SBP goals of <140 mmHg in persons aged 60 to 79 years and <150 mmHg in persons aged ≥80 years. Hypertension is currently under-treated in the elderly, and relaxation of ACC/AHA guidelines by JNC 8 will result in substantially more cardiovascular events. Randomized clinical trial studies on treatment of essential hypertension or secondary hypertension in frail elderly persons have not been performed.
Case of Caesarean Section for Osteomalacic Pelvis
Authors: Wm. McGowan
Journal: BMJ (1890)

to the same risks arising from unhealthy environment; and, again, if phthisis were directly contagious, it is remarkable that it should be chiefly contagious in badly ventilated houses, and on certain soils; and it is further difficult to see why drainage of the land and elevation above the sea level should in any way affect its contagiousness.Dr. Dewar, of Arbroath, makes the significant remark that in all his cases of supposed infection (No. 166), "the patients lived in small confined houses, and slept in the ' box beds' in use in Scotland.""During twenty-five years," he says, "I have not seen one case of contagion in the airy houses of the well-to-do."2. As to the dissemination of phthisis by means of dust, it is well known that Koch regards this as the most common way in which it is produced-by the drying up and pulverisation of matter expectorated upon the ground, on the floors of dwellings, or on handkerchiefs.Long before the discovery of the bacillus of tubercle, also, this view was taken by some of the most competent observers; thus Dr. Farr, in his Report to the Army Commission, remarked that " the prevalence of phthisis in the armies of Europe is probably due in part to the inhalation of expectorated tubercular matter, dried, broken up into dust, and floating in the air of close barracks."The retention of the bacillus either in dust or in the vapour of the air would fully account for most of the cases of the supposed direct infection recorded by the Collective Investigation Com- mittee, and especially for those in which the virus appeared to be introduced from without into houses previously entirely free from the disease (see Cases No. 188, 194,196, and 255).It accounts fully for all the additional cases mentioned by Dr.
Panic in otolaryngology patients presenting with dizziness or hearing loss
Authors: D B Clark, B E Hirsch, M G Smith, J M Furman, R G Jacob
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

This study compared 50 patients presenting to an otolaryngology clinic with a complaint of dizziness and 50 patients presenting with hearing loss on questionnaire measures of panic, phobic avoidance, generalized anxiety, and depression. Clinical and laboratory evaluations of vestibular and audiological complaints were also completed. Twenty percent of the group with dizziness and none of the group with hearing loss reported symptoms that met DSM-III-R criteria for panic disorder. Patients with dizziness and peripheral vestibulopathy had more symptoms of phobic avoidance, generalized anxiety, and depression than patients with confirmed hearing loss.
Desipramine in the treatment of adolescents with attention deficit disorder
Authors: D R Gastfriend, J Biederman, M S Jellinek
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

Twelve adolescents with attention deficit disorder were treated with desipramine in an open trial to assess its efficacy and safety. Eleven patients improved within 1 month, and improvement was sustained for 6-12 months without significant adverse effects in nine patients.
Vital Signs: Estimated Effects of a Coordinated Approach for Action to Reduce Antibiotic-Resistant Infections in Health Care Facilities — United States
Authors: Rachel B. Slayton, Damon Toth, Bruce Y. Lee, Windy Tanner, Sarah M. Bartsch, Karim Khader, Kim Wong, Kevin Brown, James A. McKinnell, William Ray, Loren G. Miller, Michael Rubin, Diane S. Kim, Fred Adler, Chenghua Cao, Lacey Avery, Nathan T.B. Stone, Alexander Kallen, Matthew Samore, Susan S. Huang, Scott Fridkin, John A. Jernigan
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015)

Treatments for health care-associated infections (HAIs) caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and Clostridium difficile are limited, and some patients have developed untreatable infections. Evidence-supported interventions are available, but coordinated approaches to interrupt the spread of HAIs could have a greater impact on reversing the increasing incidence of these infections than independent facility-based program efforts.Data from CDC's National Healthcare Safety Network and Emerging Infections Program were analyzed to project the number of health care-associated infections from antibiotic-resistant bacteria or C. difficile both with and without a large scale national intervention that would include interrupting transmission and improved antibiotic stewardship. As an example, the impact of reducing transmission of one antibiotic-resistant infection (carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae [CRE]) on cumulative prevalence and number of HAI transmission events within interconnected groups of health care facilities was modeled using two distinct approaches, a large scale and a smaller scale health care network.Immediate nationwide infection control and antibiotic stewardship interventions, over 5 years, could avert an estimated 619,000 HAIs resulting from CRE, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), or C. difficile. Compared with independent efforts, a coordinated response to prevent CRE spread across a group of inter-connected health care facilities resulted in a cumulative 74% reduction in acquisitions over 5 years in a 10-facility network model, and 55% reduction over 15 years in a 102-facility network model.With effective action now, more than half a million antibiotic-resistant health care-associated infections could be prevented over 5 years. Models representing both large and small groups of interconnected health care facilities illustrate that a coordinated approach to interrupting transmission is more effective than historical independent facilitybased efforts.Public health-led coordinated prevention approaches have the potential to more completely address the emergence and dissemination of these antibiotic-resistant organisms and C. difficile than independent facility-based efforts.
Vive La Difference: Sex and Fluorouracil Toxicity
Authors: John S. Macdonald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.20.6.1439 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11896088 Vive La Difference: Sex and Fluorouracil Toxicity John S. MacdonaldxJohn S. MacdonaldSearch for articles by this author Show More St Vincent's Cancer Center, New York, NY https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.20.6.1439 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2002 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Gastrointestinal Toxicity of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
Authors: G Harewood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

The exhibit explores the relationship between art and medicine and is composed of works obtained from the history of medicine collections in the four North Carolina medical schools -Duke, East Carolina University, UNC-Chapel Hill, and Wake Forest.Over 100 objects are arranged in five sections -art and anatomy; the surgical arts; the doctor's practice; obstetrics; and non-Western medicine.
Multicenter Analysis Of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: Patient Characteristics, Treatment Patterns and Survival
Authors: Reem Karmali, Michael De Vita, Adam M. Petrich, Chadi Nabhan, Kimberly Kruczek, Jeffrey Raizer, Daniel McFarland, David Peace, Rimas Lukas, Sanjib Basu, Stephanie A. Gregory, Parameswaran Venugopal
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract PD4-04: Psychosocial factors related to interruptions in adjuvant hormonal therapy among women with breast cancer: The breast cancer quality of care study (BQUAL)
Authors: DL Hershman, LH Kushi, GC Hillyer, E Coromilis, D Buono, LE Lamerato, DH Bovbjerg, JS Mandelblatt8, W-Y Tsai, JS Jacobson, JD Wright, AI Neugut
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background. Adjuvant hormonal therapy (HT) for hormone-sensitive breast cancer decreases risk of breast cancer recurrence and improves survival. However, some women are non-adherent to this life-saving treatment. Methods. In a cohort of women recruited at diagnosis of breast cancer in an integrated healthcare system, we investigated factors related to HT interruption (≥90 day gap). Serial interviews were conducted at baseline and during treatment to examine psychological factors as well as sociodemographic factors, tumor characteristics, and treatment factors. A series of multivariate models assessed potential predictors of HT interruptions. Results. Of the 569 women in our cohort who initiated HT, 137 (24%) interrupted it, including 18 (3%) who did so prior to the first follow-up interview. In a multivariate analysis of clinical and demographic factors, only household income remained associated with HT interruption (OR 0.42, 95%CI 0.24-0.76). At first follow-up, after controlling for income, race and age, lower scores on all quality of life subscales, lower scores on global treatment satisfaction, and poorer scores on the intrusive and avoidant thought subscales of the Impact of Events scale were associated with higher odds of HT interruptions (P&amp;lt;0.001 for all predictors). Scores on social support and on interpersonal processes of care measures were not associated with HT interruptions. However, a higher score on the single question "How often did your doctor speak too fast?" was associated with higher risk of HT interruptions (OR 1.32, p=0.02). Conclusions: Patients under greater duress and those with lower physical, functional, emotional or social quality of life appeared to be at the highest risk of HT interruption and thus received poorer quality care. A better understanding of psychological factors that can result in poor quality care may pave the way to targeted interventions to improve adherence. Citation Format: Hershman DL, Kushi LH, Hillyer GC, Coromilis E, Buono D, Lamerato LE, Bovbjerg DH, Mandelblatt8 JS, Tsai W-Y, Jacobson JS, Wright JD, Neugut AI. Psychosocial factors related to interruptions in adjuvant hormonal therapy among women with breast cancer: The breast cancer quality of care study (BQUAL). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD4-04.
Effect of chlorpromazine on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function in 10 adolescent schizophrenic boys
Authors: A Apter, Z Dickerman, N Gonen, S Assa, R Prager-Lewin, H Kaufman, S Tyano, Z Laron
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

Low basal plasma testosterone levels with normal response to human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) stimulation and mild hyperprolactinemia and blunted luteinizing hormone (LH) response to luteinizing-releasing hormone (LRH) stimulation were found in 10 adolescent schizophrenic boys who had been treated with chlorpromazine for more than 6 months. These findings may indicate a disturbance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function in these patients, probably due to the prolonged administration of chlorpromazine. It remains to be established whether the decrease in basal testosterone secretion is caused directly by chlorpromazine or secondarily by the drug-induced hyperprolactinemia.
Information processing strategy to remediate Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in schizophrenia: a pilot study
Authors: P Stratta, F Mancini, P Mattei, M Casacchia, A Rossi
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

A modified procedure for administering the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, focusing on a hypothesized deficit of organizational strategy in information processing, was used to administer the test to 20 schizophrenic patients. By using this procedure, 61.5% of the poor performers (eight of 13) were dramatically transformed into good performers without any task instruction or reinforcement. The results, albeit preliminary, support the hypothesis and the possibility of remediating the task performance of some schizophrenic patients.
PWE-006 Enhancing the diagnostic yield of brush cytology for malignant biliary strictures: early experience with the infinity™ cytology brush: Abstract PWE-006 Table 1
Authors: I Al Bakir, P Wolfson, R Sayers, A Maddox, M Shariff, A King, A Leahy
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The diagnostic yield of endobiliary brush cytology remains inadequate, with published rates ranging from 30–57%.<sup>1</sup>The Infinity<sup>TM</sup>cytology brush (US Endoscopy, Ohio, USA) aims to improve detection rates by using a combination of stiffer outer bristles to create a tissue defect, and softer inner bristles to capture abraded material.<sup>2</sup>Furthermore, gaps between the bristle segments help capture more tissue in each brush and the brush also has a dedicated catheter that can be flushed/aspirated to retrieve additional cells. We aim to determine whether introducing this new brush could result in an improved diagnostic yield. <h3>Method</h3> In November 2013, our endoscopy department switched from using a standard cytology brush (Combo Cath<sup>TM</sup>Rx Cytology Brush, Boston Scientific, Massachusetts, USA) to the Infinity<sup>TM</sup>cytology brush. Our electronic endoscopy system was retrospectively analysed between April 2010 and December 2014. All patients with pancreatic cancer or cholangiocarcinoma who had brush cytology taken at endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography were included. A diagnosis of cancer was made by the upper gastrointestinal cancer multidisciplinary team using radiological, histological and/or cytological findings. Patients subsequently found to have benign disease were excluded from the analysis. All strictures were brushed with a minimum of 10 passes, with the addition of bile aspiration when the Infinity<sup>TM</sup>cytology brush was used. A positive cytological sample was defined as containing either malignant or dysplastic cells. A negative cytology result only contained benign and/or inflammatory cells. All samples were independently reviewed by a consultant histopathologist blinded to the procedure. Group differences were analysed by the Fisher–s exact test. <h3>Results</h3> <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our initial experience shows that the use of the Infinity™ cytology brush does not increase diagnostic yield. Further trials of this cytology brush at other centres are required to determine whether our findings are reproducible. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Larghi A, Waxman I. Differentiating benign from malignant idiopathic biliary strictures: are we there yet? Gastrointest Endosc. 2007 Jul;66(1):97-9 Infinity ERCP sampling device international specification sheet. Available on 27 February 2015 at http://www.usendoscopy.com/∼/media/Files/Documents/Spec-Sheet-International/cytology_INTL_spec_sheet_760893B.pdf