tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of fluoxetine treatment with reductions in CSF concentrations of corticotropin-releasing hormone and arginine vasopressin in patients with major depression
Authors: M D De Bellis, P W Gold, T D Geracioti, S J Listwak, M A Kling
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

The authors measured CSF concentrations of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin in nine depressed patients before and after fluoxetine treatment. They found significant decreases in CSF CRH, CSF arginine vasopressin, and Hamilton depression ratings. Thus, the therapeutic effect of this serotonin-uptake inhibitor may be related to diminution of these arousal-promoting neuropeptides.
Assessing competency to make a will
Authors: J E Spar, A S Garb
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

The finding by a court that the author of a will (the testator) lacked mental capacity or was subject to undue influence at the time the will was executed can invalidate the will. A psychiatrist may be asked to assess the competency of a testator when he or she is planning to create or modify a will or after the death of a testator when the will is challenged. To provide guidelines for such evaluations, the authors reviewed the relevant psychiatric, forensic, and legal literature and drew on their own professional experience as well. They outline a systematic approach to the contemporaneous and retrospective evaluation of the elements that affect decisions about mental capacity and undue influence and offer suggestions for the organization and presentation of expert testimony. Awareness of the relevant legal principles and a systematic clinical approach to the assessment can maximize the quality of the psychiatric consultation and expert testimony.
Comparative Effectiveness of Tai Chi Versus Physical Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Chenchen Wang, Christopher H. Schmid, Maura D. Iversen, William F. Harvey, Roger A. Fielding, Jeffrey B. Driban, Lori Lyn Price, John B. Wong, Kieran F. Reid, Ramel Rones, Timothy McAlindon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Few remedies effectively treat long-term pain and disability from knee osteoarthritis. Studies suggest that Tai Chi alleviates symptoms, but no trials have directly compared Tai Chi with standard therapies for osteoarthritis. To compare Tai Chi with standard physical therapy for patients with knee osteoarthritis. Randomized, 52-week, single-blind comparative effectiveness trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01258985). An urban tertiary care academic hospital. 204 participants with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (mean age, 60 years; 70% women; 53% white). Tai Chi (2 times per week for 12 weeks) or standard physical therapy (2 times per week for 6 weeks, followed by 6 weeks of monitored home exercise). The primary outcome was Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included physical function, depression, medication use, and quality of life. At 12 weeks, the WOMAC score was substantially reduced in both groups (Tai Chi, 167 points [95% CI, 145 to 190 points]; physical therapy, 143 points [CI, 119 to 167 points]). The between-group difference was not significant (24 points [CI, -10 to 58 points]). Both groups also showed similar clinically significant improvement in most secondary outcomes, and the benefits were maintained up to 52 weeks. Of note, the Tai Chi group had significantly greater improvements in depression and the physical component of quality of life. The benefit of Tai Chi was consistent across instructors. No serious adverse events occurred. Patients were aware of their treatment group assignment, and the generalizability of the findings to other settings remains undetermined. Tai Chi produced beneficial effects similar to those of a standard course of physical therapy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health of the National Institutes of Health.
An Interpretation of Survival Rates: Cancer of the Breast
Authors: Cutler, Sidney J., Griswold, Matthew H., Eisenberg, Henry
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1957)

Journal Article An Interpretation of Survival Rates: Cancer of the Breast Get access Sidney J. Cutler, Sidney J. Cutler National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, and Connecticut State Department of Health, Hartford, Connecticut Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Matthew H. Griswold, M.D., Matthew H. Griswold, M.D. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, and Connecticut State Department of Health, Hartford, Connecticut Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Henry Eisenberg, M.D. Henry Eisenberg, M.D. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, and Connecticut State Department of Health, Hartford, Connecticut Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 19, Issue 6, December 1957, Pages 1107–1117, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/19.6.1107 Published: 01 December 1957 Article history Received: 26 June 1957 Published: 01 December 1957
Abstract P1-14-18: Postmastectomy radiotherapy improves the outcomes of stage III breast cancer patients with negative lymph nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: M He, J Li, X-J Ni, S Chen, Y-Z Jiang, G-H Di, Z-M Shao
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) in clinical stage II and III breast cancer patients who achieved negative node status (pN0) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Material and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 143 patients with pN0 after NAC and mastectomy at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. In total, 103 (72%) patients received PMRT, and 40 (28%) patients did not. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of PMRT on locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS) and overall survival (OS) of the two groups. Results: There were no differences between the two groups with respect to age, nuclear grade, estrogen receptor (ER) status, HER2/neu receptor status, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) status or pathological tumor size. However, a significantly higher proportion of patients in the irradiated group (64%) had clinical lymph node involvement than in the nonirradiated group (45%). After a median follow-up time of 49 months, 10 locoregional recurrence events occurred. For the entire cohort of patients, use of radiation therapy improved the 5-year LRRFS rate (94.5% vs. 80.2%; P =0.032) but not the 5-year OS rate (92.2% vs. 88.7%; P =0.617). In the subset of patients who presented with clinically stage II disease, the 5-year LRRFS and 5-year OS did not differ significantly between the PMRT and no-PMRT group (96.3% vs. 91.3%; P = 0.190 and 96.2% vs. 91.3%; P = 0.199, respectively). For patients with stage III disease at diagnosis, a trend was seen toward better local regional control with PMRT (the 5-year LRRFS rate was 92.7% vs. 64.2%; P = 0.063), although the benefit from radiation with respect to OS was not significant (5-year OS rate was 88.1% vs. 85.2%; P = 0.657). On multivariate Cox regression analyses, the clinical tumor size (hazard ratio [HR], 3.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-10.18; P = 0.041), pathologic breast tumor response (HR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1,11-3.77; P = 0.046) and delivery of radiation therapy (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.08-9.25; P = 0.047) were independent predictors of locoregional recurrence. Conclusions: For patients who achieved pN0 after NAC, PMRT seemed to provide a clinical benefit for breast cancer patients with stage III disease. Omission of PMRT in patients with stage II disease did not increase the risk of locoregional recurrence and death. Citation Format: He M, Li J, Ni X-J, Chen S, Jiang Y-Z, Di G-H, Shao Z-M. Postmastectomy radiotherapy improves the outcomes of stage III breast cancer patients with negative lymph nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-14-18.
Update of Endoscopic Band Ligation Therapy for Treatment of Esophageal Varices
Authors: G Van Stiegmann
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Endoscopic band ligation is generally acknowledged to be equal or superior to sclerotherapy for treatment of acute bleeding although some believe it is more difficult to perform during active hemorrhage. Drug therapy is increasingly accepted as a valuable adjunct to acute endoscopic therapy. It is unclear; however, which drug regimen is optimal. Accurate interpretation of results from studies of acute bleeding is hampered by differences in definitions and end-points. It is important to distinguish, when possible, treatments conducted in patients who are actively bleeding at the time of endoscopic therapy from those in patients in whom bleeding has stopped by the time endoscopy is performed. The latter usually have better outcomes.
Case 23-1983
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, A. H. Ropper, E. T. Hedley-Whyte
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Presentation of CaseA 63-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of agitation and an extrapyramidal syndrome.She was well until 10 years earlier, when the death of her husband was followed by agitation, which improved with the administration of perphenazine and amitriptyline hydrochloride. Four years before admission she fell and injured her back. She became increasingly nervous and retired from her position as a bookkeeper. She became unable to sit still and paced repeatedly; her handwriting deteriorated, and she occasionally drooled from either side. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride, oxazepam, and carbidopa–levodopa were prescribed, without improvement, and she noticed a tendency . . .
Survival Analysis After Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Critically Ill Adults
Authors: Chia-Hsuin Chang, Hsi-Chieh Chen, James L. Caffrey, Jiun Hsu, Jou-Wei Lin, Mei-Shu Lai, Yih-Sharng Chen
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background— Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides circulatory and respiratory support for patients with severe acute cardiopulmonary failure. The objective of this study was to examine the survival outcomes for patients who received ECMO. Methods and Results— Adult patients who received ECMO from September 1, 2002, to December 31, 2012, were identified from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database associated with coronary artery bypass graft surgery, myocardial infarction/cardiogenic shock, injury, and infection/septic shock. A Cox regression model was used to determine hazard ratios and to compare 30-day and 1-year survival rates with the myocardial infarction/cardiogenic shock group used as the reference. The mean±SD age of the 4227-patient cohort was 57±17 years, and 72% were male. The overall mortalities were 59.8% and 76.5% at 1 month and 1 year. Survival statistics deteriorated sharply when ECMO was required for &gt;3 days. Acute (30-day) survival was more favorable in the infection/septic shock (n=1076; hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.55–0.67), coronary artery bypass graft surgery (n=1077; hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.61–0.75), and injury (n=369, hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.70–0.95) groups. The extended survival rapidly approached an asymptote near 20% for the infection/septic shock, myocardial infarction/cardiogenic shock (n=1705), and coronary artery bypass graft surgery groups. The pattern of survival for the injury group was somewhat better, exceeding 30% at year-end. Conclusions— Regardless of initial pathology, patients requiring ECMO were critically ill with similar guarded prognoses. Those in the trauma group had somewhat better outcomes. Determining the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of ECMO should be a critical future goal.
Sod2-dependent hydrogen peroxide production elevates matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression via JNK and AP-1
Authors: Kristin K. Nelson, J. A. Melendez
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

2824   The generation of H2O2 by the overexpression of mitochondrial antioxidant manganese superoxide dismutase (Sod2) can increase matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) transcription leading to extracellular matrix degradation and facilitating metastasic invasion. Ets transcription factor family members are critical in regulating the expression of MMP-1. Previously we have demonstrated the H2O2-dependent regulation of Ets-1 expression. To determine specific redox-responsive Ets-1 binding sites in the MMP-1 promoter, we utilized chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). ChIP analysis revealed that Sod2-overexpression in HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells increased the binding of Ets-1 specifically to a region in the MMP-1 promoter containing a single nucleotide polymorphism. This polymorphism creates an Ets binding site which enhances the expression of MMP-1 and is linked to poor prognosis in cancer patients. Ets transcription factors are often coactivators of AP-1 family transcription factors, and may act in conjunction with the proximal AP-1 binding site in the MMP-1 promoter. Here we report that the increased phosphorylation of AP-1 member c-jun is increased in response to the intracellular production of H2O2. This response is attenuated upon coexpression of the H2O2-detoxifying enzyme catalase. Treatment with c-jun N terminal kinase (JNK) kinase inhibitor, SP600125 prevented the phosphorylation of c-jun, as did the extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK1,2) inhibitor PD98059. H2O2 specifically increased the phosphorylation of JNK in HT1080 cells by Sod2 overexpression. Treatment with the JNK inhibitor blocked the H2O2-dependent expression of MMP-1 protein. Therefore, by activating ERK1,2 and JNK H2O2 leads to increased expression and binding of both c-jun and Ets-1 factors in the polymorphic promoter elevating MMP-1 transcription. These results suggest that an antioxidant-based cancer therapy may be useful not only for interfering with MMP production, but for other tumorigenic targets downstream of the ERK/JNK/AP-1 pathway.
Thyroid function in psychosis following childbirth
Authors: D E Stewart, A M Addison, G E Robinson, R Joffe, G N Burrow, M P Olmsted
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

Postpartum thyroiditis has been suggested as a cause of psychosis following pregnancy. However, 30 hospitalized psychotic postpartum women and 30 control subjects matched for age and time since delivery showed no significant differences in thyroid function or the presence of thyroid antibodies.
Abstract P5-08-25: CKAP2 (cytoskeleton associated protein 2) is a new prognostic marker in HER2-negative luminal breast cancer
Authors: SH Sim, C-D Bae, Y Kwon, IH Park, KS Lee, S-Y Jung, S Lee, H-S Kang, ES Lee, H-S Kim, K-M Hong, J Ro
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: Ki-67 has been increasingly used as a prognostic marker in spite of debates on the evaluation methods and inconsistent results on its clinical values. CKAP2 is a microtubule-associated protein which plays key roles in microtubule assembly and disassembly. In the present study, the clinical significance of CKAP2-positive cells was evaluated and compared with the results of Ki-67 positive cells. Methods: A total of 579 early breast cancer patients who underwent surgery at the National Cancer Center Hospital between 2001 and 2005 were accrued. The proliferation activity was measured by CKAP2-positive cell count (CPCC) and Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67 LI) using CKAP2 and Ki-67 antibodies, respectively, by immunohistochemcial staining on FFPE tumor tissue. The correlation of CPCC or Ki-67 LI with recurrence free survival (RFS) was analyzed. The immunofluorescent staining was performed on HeLa cells after synchronization by double thymidine block to compare the patterns between CKAP2 and Ki-67. Results: The CPCC (median, 8 with the range of 0- 170) and Ki-67 LI (median, 10.2 with the range of 0%- 91.7%) were highly correlated (R = 0.754, P &amp;lt; 0.001). While CPCC was marginally significant in multivariate analysis for RFS in all cases, it was a significant variable for RFS in the subset analysis with HER2-negative luminal breast cancer patients (HR, 3.154; 95% CI, 1.154-10.693; P = 0.027). On the contrary, Ki-67 LI failed to show any correlation with RFS in all or any subgroups. In the analysis on HeLa cells, CKAP2 staining was more specific to cells in metaphase than Ki-67 staining. Conclusions: CPCC can be an independent prognostic factor specifically in a HER2-negative luminal type of breast cancer. In addition, CPCC appears to be superior to Ki-67 LI as a survival indicator which may be related to the restricted expression pattern of CKAP2 in metaphase cells. Further study is warranted. Citation Format: Sim SH, Bae C-D, Kwon Y, Park IH, Lee KS, Jung S-Y, Lee S, Kang H-S, Lee ES, Kim H-S, Hong K-M, Ro J. CKAP2 (cytoskeleton associated protein 2) is a new prognostic marker in HER2-negative luminal breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-08-25.
Cimetidine and oral anticoagulants.
Authors: A C Flind
Journal: BMJ (1978)

disguise of such terminology is a reasonable step-and indeed when one considers that the death certificate is required to be produced by the relatives for a variety of reasons such as legal or for burial of the deceased this would seem a humane practice.Perhaps some euphemism or code could be introduced to cover the more emotive terms used on death certificates.This could spare the feelings of the relatives and indeed the doctor and could also contribute indirectly to more accurate death certification.
EGFR TKIs plus WBRT Demonstrated No Survival Benefit Other Than That of TKIs Alone in Patients with NSCLC and EGFR Mutation and Brain Metastases
Authors: Tao Jiang, Chunxia Su, Xuefei Li, Chao Zhao, Fei Zhou, Shengxiang Ren, Caicun Zhou, Jun Zhang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)
Abstract B42: A two-lncRNA signature in serous exosomes serves as a new biomarker for colorectal cancer diagnosis
Authors: Peng Qi, Lei Dong, Wanrun Lin, Xiaoyan Zhou, Xiang Du
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Background: Many studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the initiation and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). We previously reported that lncRNAs can be detected and are stable in serum. Exosomes (EXOs) are small (30 to 100 nm) membrane-bound particles that are released from normal, diseased, and neoplastic cells and are present in blood and other bodily fluids. EXOs contain a variety of molecules including signal peptides, mRNA, microRNA, and lipids. However, it is unclear if lncRNAs in serous EXOs represent a novel marker to detect CRC. Methods: Total RNA and serous EXO RNA were isolated from serum of 60 CRC patients, 60 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. We measured 39 candidate cancer-associated lncRNAs by reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in EXO RNA samples. The putative lncRNA markers identified in the training set (30 CRC patients and 30 healthy subjects) were verified in the test set (another 30 CRC patients and 30 healthy subjects). We further analyzed the putative lncRNA markers in serum total RNA samples. Results: In the training set, 16 lncRNAs were detectable in serous EXOs, and the expression levels of 7 lncRNAs were significantly different between healthy samples and CRC samples (p&amp;lt;0.05). Stepwise regression analysis showed that the combination of prostate cancer associated 3 (PCA3) and breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 4 (BCAR4) provided the greatest predictive ability, with an AUC of 0.896 (95% CI: 0.794-0.921, p=0.029). Using the same serum samples, we compared the AUC values of these two lncRNAs in EXO with those in total RNA samples. The AUC values of our serous EXO two-lncRNA signature were markedly higher than those of serum signature (AUC=0.759, 95% CI: 0.696-0.853) for discriminating CRC patients from controls. The predictor was remarkably stable when applied to the test set comprising 30 CRC patients and 30 matched controls, with an AUC of 0.875. The AUC values of the serous EXO two-lncRNA signature for the test set were also markedly higher than those of serum signature (AUC=0.742 95% CI: 0.653-0.801) for discriminating CRC patients from controls. The results indicated that the two-lncRNA signature in serous EXO is an accurate biomarker for CRC diagnosis Conclusions: The PCA3 and BCAR4 signature in serous EXOs may facilitate the detection of CRC and serve as the basis for further studies of the clinical value of circulating lncRNAs in maintaining surveillance and forecasting prognosis. Citation Format: Peng Qi, Lei Dong, Wanrun Lin, Xiaoyan Zhou, Xiang Du. A two-lncRNA signature in serous exosomes serves as a new biomarker for colorectal cancer diagnosis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer: Mechanisms to Medicines ; 2015 Dec 4-7; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B42.
Abstract IA06: Angiogenesis revisited: Role and (therapeutic) implications of endothelial metabolism
Authors: Peter Carmeliet
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract The past 40 years of research in the angiogenesis field have focused on identifying genetic signals such as VEGF and Notch, which determine vessel sprouting. However, the role and therapeutic potential of targeting endothelial cell (EC) metabolism have been largely overlooked. We have recently reported that ECs are glycolysis addicted and that glycolysis importantly co-determinine vessel sprouting downstream of VEGF and other pro-angiogenic signals. In addition, we documented that ECs are rather unique in utilizing fatty acid-derived carbons for the de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides for DNA synthesis during EC proliferation when vessels sprout. Moreover, targeting (blocking) glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation inhibit pathological angiogenesis and induce tumor vessel normalization (thereby reducing metastasis and improving chemotherapy), suggesting that these metabolic pathways are new targets for anti-angiogenic drug development without evoking systemic side effects. Furthermore, lymphatic ECs differ from other EC subtypes in their metabolic requirements for lymphangigoenesis. Since many of these metabolic targets are pharmacologically druggable, these metabolic pathways represent a new promising target for therapeutic anti-angiogenesis. Citation Format: Peter Carmeliet. Angiogenesis revisited: Role and (therapeutic) implications of endothelial metabolism. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2015 Oct 23-26; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA06.
Case 6-1975
Authors: Warren E. Grupe, Robert T. McCluskey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Presentation of CaseA 10-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital because of renal disease.He was well until one month previously, when he scraped his leg at play. A purulent lesion developed and healed slowly with local treatment; no antibiotic was given. Two weeks before admission he became weak, and generalized edema with increased abdominal girth developed. During the next two days he complained of a sore throat and diffuse headache and had an intermittent low-grade fever. A physician found microscopic hematuria and prescribed cephalexin. The edema increased, and gross hematuria occurred. Two days before admission he entered another . . .