tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Congenital Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula
Authors: H SWAN
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Desmosomes and sino-atrial dysfunction
Authors: Matteo E. Mangoni
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2016)

This editorial refers to ‘Desmosomal junctions are necessary for adult sinus node function’ by V. Mezzano et al. , doi:10.1093/cvr/cvw083. 

Heart automaticity is a fundamental physiological function, yet it remains still incompletely understood, probably because of its intrinsic complexity at both cellular and tissue levels. A population of specialized myocytes called ‘pacemaker’ cells generates cardiac automaticity under physiological conditions.1 These cells are the predominant cellular component of the sino-atrial node (SAN) and control heart rate in everyday life. Dysfunction in the generation of the SAN impulse leads to bradycardia, which in severe cases brings invalidating symptoms and often requires the implant of an electronic pacemaker. Bradycardia and atrioventricular block are responsible for about half of the total pacemaker implantations worldwide.2 The SAN is a highly heterogeneous structure.3 Beside pacemaker cells, other cell types, including atrial myocytes, fibroblasts and melanocytes, populate the SAN. In addition, the population of pacemaker cells per se shows heterogeneity, with different cell sizes and morphologies. The atrial myocardium is a relatively big and dense tridimensional structure, exerting a potentially overwhelming electrotonic charge on the SAN. A major issue in SAN physiology is thus to understand how this small and thin pacemaker region …
Prothrombotic skeletal muscle myosin directly enhances prothrombin activation by binding factors Xa and Va
Authors: Hiroshi Deguchi, Ranjeet K. Sinha, Patrizia Marchese, Zaverio M. Ruggeri, Jevgenia Zilberman-Rudenko, Owen J. T. McCarty, Mitchell J. Cohen, John H. Griffin
Journal: Blood (2016)
Australian researchers declare an end to AIDS as a public health issue
Authors: Amy Coopes
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Australian researchers and community groups have declared an end to AIDS as a public health issue. There are now almost no annual deaths from the syndrome because of the success of prevention and treatment over the previous three decades.

A coalition of the nation’s leading HIV/AIDS researchers, epidemiologists, and community groups announced the milestone in a joint statement on 11 July.1 The statement was issued in the lead up to the AIDS 2016 conference in Durban which starts on 18 July.

“While we continue to see a number of people diagnosed late with HIV, some of whom have AIDS type symptoms, the AIDS public health threat has morphed into an HIV prevention challenge,” said Andrew Grulich, head of HIV epidemiology and prevention at the Kirby Institute, Australia’s HIV/AIDS surveillance hub.

Australia stopped …
Compassionate use of new drugs in children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: early experiences and challenges
Authors: Marina Tadolini, Anthony J. Garcia-Prats, Lia D'Ambrosio, Catherine Hewison, Rosella Centis, H. Simon Schaaf, Ben J. Marais, Hannetjie Ferreira, Jose A. Caminero, Sylvie Jonckheere, Animesh Sinha, Krzysztof Herboczek, Zarema Khaidarkhanova, Armen Hayrapetyan, Naira Khachatryan, Ia Urtkmelidze, Carolina Loreti, Susanna Esposito, Alberto Matteelli, Jennifer Furin, Francis Varaine, Giovanni Battista Migliori
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 480 000 new multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) cases occurred globally in 2014, with 190 000 deaths. Limited data are available on the burden of MDR-TB in children. A recent systematic review estimated that 32 000 children acquire MDR-TB annually; of these, very few are correctly diagnosed and provided with appropriate treatment [1]. First experience and challenges of compassionate use of new anti-TB drugs to treat MDR- and XDR-TB in children <http://ow.ly/SWXF300a0UX> The authors wish to thank Gunar Günther (Dept of Medicine, University of Namibia, School of Medicine, Windhoek, Namibia), Zarir F. Udwadia (Dept of Respiratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India) and Charles Ssonko (Médecins Sans Frontières, Mbabane, Swaziland) for providing information on their cases. The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions and policies of their institutions.
Measurement of dermal atrophy induced by topical steroids using a radiographic technique
Authors: M.P. James, M.M. Black, C.G. Sparkes
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Measurement of dermal atrophy induced by topical steroids using a radiographic technique Get access M.P. James, M.P. James St Thomas' Hospital, London, and Glaxo Laboratories Limited, Greenford, Middlesex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.M. Black, M.M. Black St Thomas' Hospital, London, and Glaxo Laboratories Limited, Greenford, Middlesex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.G. Sparkes C.G. Sparkes St Thomas' Hospital, London, and Glaxo Laboratories Limited, Greenford, Middlesex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 95, Issue s14, 1 December 1976, Page 12, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb07881.x Published: 01 December 1976
Evaluation of a CD5-specific immunotoxin for treatment of acute graft- versus-host disease after allogeneic marrow transplantation
Authors: PJ Martin, BJ Nelson, FR Appelbaum, C Anasetti, HJ Deeg, JA Hansen, GB McDonald, RA Nash, KM Sullivan, RP Witherspoon, PJ Scannon, N Friedmann, R Storb
Journal: Blood (1996)
Polysaccharide-Specific Memory B Cells Predict Protection against Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
Authors: Shaun H. Pennington, Sherin Pojar, Elena Mitsi, Jenna F. Gritzfeld, Elissavet Nikolaou, Carla Solórzano, Jessica T. Owugha, Qasim Masood, Melita A. Gordon, Angela D. Wright, Andrea M. Collins, Eliane N. Miyaji, Stephen B. Gordon, Daniela M. Ferreira
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)

Rationale: We have previously demonstrated that experimental pneumococcal carriage enhances immunity and protects healthy adults against carriage reacquisition after rechallenge with a homologous strain.Objectives: To investigate the role of naturally acquired pneumococcal protein and polysaccharide (PS)-specific immunity in protection against carriage acquisition using a heterologous challenge model.Methods: We identified healthy volunteers that were naturally colonized with pneumococcus and, after clearance of their natural carriage episode, challenged them with a heterologous 6B strain. In another cohort of volunteers we assessed 6BPS-specific, PspA-specific, and PspC-specific IgG and IgA plasma and memory B-cell populations before and 7, 14, and 35 days after experimental pneumococcal inoculation.Measurements and Main Results: Heterologous challenge with 6B resulted in 50% carriage among volunteers with previous natural pneumococcal carriage. Protection from carriage was associated with a high number of circulating 6BPS IgG–secreting memory B cells at baseline. There were no associations between protection from carriage and baseline levels of 6BPS IgG in serum or nasal wash, PspA-specific, or PspC-specific memory B cells or plasma cells. In volunteers who did not develop carriage, the number of circulating 6BPS memory B cells decreased and the number of 6BPS plasma cells increased postinoculation.Conclusions: Our data indicate that naturally acquired PS-specific memory B cells, but not levels of circulating IgG at time of pneumococcal exposure, are associated with protection against carriage acquisition.
Predictive factor for toxicities and treatment termination in adjuvant S-1 therapy for stage III colorectal cancer using data from JCOG0910.
Authors: Kentaro Yamazaki, Yukio Yoshida, Junki Mizusawa, Yukihide Kanemitsu, Yusuke Kinugasa, Koji Komori, Masayuki Ohue, Mitsuyoshi Ota, Nobuhiro Takiguchi, Yusuke Nishizawa, Hitoshi Ojima, Yasumasa Takii, Hideki Yamagami, Minoru Tanada, Mistugu Sekimoto, Takashi Yamaguchi, HIroyuki Bandou, Hiroshi Katayama, Tetsuya Hamaguchi, Yasuhiro Shimada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

669 Background: S-1 has demonstrated antitumor effects in various cancers. Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities associated with S-1 sometimes cause treatment interruption or termination, and previous reports suggested that low creatinine clearance (Ccr) was associated with the dose reduction and schedule modification during adjuvant S-1 therapy for gastric cancer. However, there are few reports evaluating these associations in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: We used the data of patients (pts) allocated to S-1 arm in JCOG0910 trial which evaluated the non-inferiority of S-1 to capecitabine as adjuvant therapy for stage III CRC. The association between pts’ background factors including age, gender, BSA, BMI, surgical procedures, Ccr, AST, ALT, and T-bil, versus treatment termination due to toxicity, and ≥ Grade 2 (G2) diarrhea, ≥ G2 anorexia, and ≥ G2 nausea were evaluated by using logistic regression. Results: Between Mar. 2010 and Aug. 2013, 1564 pts were enrolled, 782 pts were randomized to S-1 arm and 766 pts were analyzed. Pts’ background factors were as follows: ≥ 70 years, 34%; male, 49%; BSA higher, 28%; BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 , 17%; low anterior resection (LAR) or abdominoperineal resection (APR), 19%; Ccr &lt; 50 ml/min, 7%; AST or ALT ≥ upper limit of normal, 16%; T-bil ≥ 1.0 mg/dL, 7%. Among them, 139 pts (18%) terminated treatment due to toxicity or death. The incidence of ≥ G2 diarrhea, anorexia, and nausea were observed in 18, 14 and 10%. The multivariate analysis revealed that some pts’ background factors were significantly associated with the incidence of treatment termination, or ≥ G2 GI toxicities (see table). Conclusions: Low Ccr, female, higher age or lower BMI might be risk factors of treatment termination due to toxicity or &gt; G2 GI toxicities for pts treated with S-1. Clinical trial information: UMIN000003272. [Table: see text]
Investigation of Particle Accumulation, Chemosensitivity and Thermosensitivity for Effective Solid Tumor Therapy Using Thermosensitive Liposomes and Hyperthermia
Authors: Wouter J.M. Lokerse, Michiel Bolkestein, Timo L.M. ten Hagen, Marion de Jong, Alexander M.M. Eggermont, Holger Grüll, Gerben A. Koning
Journal: Theranostics (2016)

Doxorubicin (Dox) loaded thermosensitive liposomes (TSLs) have shown promising results for hyperthermia-induced local drug delivery to solid tumors.Typically, the tumor is heated to hyperthermic temperatures (41-42 °C), which induced intravascular drug release from TSLs within the tumor tissue leading to high local drug concentrations (1-step delivery protocol).Next to providing a trigger for drug release, hyperthermia (HT) has been shown to be cytotoxic to tumor tissue, to enhance chemosensitivity and to increase particle extravasation from the vasculature into the tumor interstitial space.The latter can be exploited for a 2-step delivery protocol, where HT is applied prior to i.v.TSL injection to enhance tumor uptake, and after 4 hours waiting time for a second time to induce drug release.In this study, we compare the 1-and 2-step delivery protocols and investigate which factors are of importance for a therapeutic response.In murine B16 melanoma and BFS-1 sarcoma cell lines, HT induced an enhanced Dox uptake in 2D and 3D models, resulting in enhanced chemosensitivity.In vivo, therapeutic efficacy studies were performed for both tumor models, showing a therapeutic response for only the 1-step delivery protocol.SPECT/CT imaging allowed quantification of the liposomal accumulation in both tumor models at physiological temperatures and after a HT treatment.A simple two compartment model was used to derive respective rates for liposomal uptake, washout and retention, showing that the B16 model has a twofold higher liposomal uptake compared to the BFS-1 tumor.HT increases uptake and retention of liposomes in both tumors models by the same factor of 1.66 maintaining the absolute differences between the two models.Histology showed that HT induced apoptosis, blood vessel integrity and interstitial structures are important factors for TSL accumulation in the investigated tumor types.However, modeling data indicated that the intraliposomal Dox fraction did not reach therapeutic relevant concentrations in the tumor tissue in a 2-step delivery protocol due to the leaking of the drug from its liposomal carrier providing an explanation for the observed lack of efficacy.
P-286 Metronomic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) plus nab-paclitaxel (nab-P), bevacizumab, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FABLOx) in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC): an open-label, multicenter, single-arm, phase 1/2 study
Authors: Picozzi Vincent, Rocha Lima Caio, Sahai Vaibhav, Simeone Diane, Ocean Allyson, Philip Philip, Saif Wasif, Kalyan Aparna, Ondovik Michael, Shiansong Li Jack, Manax Victoria
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
PD-029 Baseline carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a predictive factor of ramucirumab efficacy in RAISE, a second-line metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC) phase 3 trial
Authors: T. Yoshino, R. Obermannová, G. Bodoky, R. Garcia-Carbonero, T.-E. Ciuleanu, D. Portnoy, W. Kim Tae, Y. Hsu, L. Yang, D. Ferry, F. Nasroulah, J. Tabernero
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
RNF43 germline and somatic mutation in serrated neoplasia pathway and its association with BRAF mutation
Authors: Helen H N Yan, Jeffrey C W Lai, Siu Lun Ho, Wai Keung Leung, Wai Lun Law, Janet F Y Lee, Anthony K W Chan, Wai Yin Tsui, Annie S Y Chan, Bernard C H Lee, Sarah S K Yue, Alice H Y Man, Hans Clevers, Siu Tsan Yuen, Suet Yi Leung
Journal: Gut (2016)

Serrated polyps (hyperplastic polyps, sessile or traditional serrated adenomas), which can arise in a sporadic or polyposis setting, predispose to colorectal cancer (CRC), especially those with microsatellite instability (MSI) due to MLH1 promoter methylation (MLH1me+). We investigate genetic alterations in the serrated polyposis pathway.We used a combination of exome sequencing and target gene Sanger sequencing to study serrated polyposis families, sporadic serrated polyps and CRCs, with validation by analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort, followed by organoid-based functional studies.In one out of four serrated polyposis families, we identified a germline RNF43 mutation that displayed autosomal dominant cosegregation with the serrated polyposis phenotype, along with second-hit inactivation through loss of heterozygosity or somatic mutations in all serrated polyps (16), adenomas (5) and cancer (1) examined, as well as coincidental BRAF mutation in 62.5% of the serrated polyps. Concurrently, somatic RNF43 mutations were identified in 34% of sporadic sessile/traditional serrated adenomas, but 0% of hyperplastic polyps (p=0.013). Lastly, in MSI CRCs, we found significantly more frequent RNF43 mutations in the MLH1me+ (85%) versus MLH1me- (33.3%) group (p<0.001). These findings were validated in the TCGA MSI CRCs (p=0.005), which further delineated a significant differential involvement of three Wnt pathway genes between these two groups (RNF43 in MLH1me+; APC and CTNNB1 in MLH1me-); and identified significant co-occurrence of BRAF and RNF43 mutations in the MSI (p<0.001), microsatellite stable (MSS) (p=0.002) and MLH1me+ MSI CRCs (p=0.042). Functionally, organoid culture of serrated adenoma or mouse colon with CRISPR-induced RNF43 mutations had reduced dependency on R-spondin1.These results illustrate the importance of RNF43, along with BRAF mutation in the serrated neoplasia pathway (both the sporadic and familial forms), inform genetic diagnosis protocol and raise therapeutic opportunities through Wnt inhibition in different stages of evolution of serrated polyps.
Eribulin and carboplatin in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic breast cancer: A single institution experience.
Authors: Patricia Martin Romano, Iosune Baraibar, Oscar Fernández-Hidalgo, Marta Santisteban, Jaime Espinós, Diego Salas, Pablo Sala, Itziar Gardeazabal, Leyre Zubiri Oteiza, Jose M. Aramendia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

122 Background: In recent years many drug combinations have demonstrated clinical activity in heavily pretreated patients (pts) with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Eribulin (E) in monotherapy has shown a beneficial effect in overall survival (OS) with slight rate of objective responses (OR) and poor effect in progression free survival (PFS). The Eribulin – Carboplatin (Cb) combination has been studied in other types of tumors in a phase Ib with promising results. We initiated an exploratory program with an off-label combination of E – Cb in pts with visceral disease and ECOG &lt; 2. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed pts with MBC previously treated with anthracyclines, taxanes, and Capecitabine. Chemotherapy regimen consisted of E 1.1mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 and Cb AUC: 5 on day 1 every 21 days. Toxicity was assessed according to CTC criteria v 4.0. OR, PFS and OS rates were also evaluated. RECIST criteria were used to appraise radiological response. Results: Treatment was delivered in 10 pts. Median (M) age was 56 (range, 39-65). Pts characteristics were defined as follows: ECOG 0 (1 pt), 1 (6 pts) and 2 (3 pts); histological subtypes: luminal 9 pts and Her-2, 1 pt. M of previous lines was 7 (3-11). M of metastatic localizations were 3 (1-4). M of administered cycles was 6’5 (1-10). Grade 2 toxicity was asthenia 40%, peripheral neuropathy 10% and nausea - vomiting 10%. G 3 anemia and thrombopenia were noted in 20%. G 3-4 neutropenia was observed in 5 pts. Two pts required hospital admission due to febrile neutropenia. OR rate: complete response 10%, partial response 50% and stable disease 40%. Biochemical response rate was 80%. M of follow-up was 11 months, with M PFS and OS of 8 (4-11) and 18 months (4-18) respectively. Conclusions: Eribulin and Carboplatin is feasible, achieving remarkable response and survival rates with an acceptable toxicity profile in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic breast cancer. Preliminary results are promising and encourage us to continue recruiting patients.
The Influence of Sex on Isologous Skin Grafting in the Mouse
Authors: Richmond T. Prehn, Joan M. Main
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1956)

The Influence of Sex on Isologous Skin Grafting in the Mouse Get access Richmond T. Prehn, Richmond T. Prehn National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joan M. Main Joan M. Main National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 17, Issue 1, July 1956, Pages 35–36, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/17.1.35 Published: 01 July 1956 Article history Received: 02 March 1956 Published: 01 July 1956
Electrospun Scaffolds: Enhanced Lineage‐Specific Differentiation Efficiency of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Engineering Colony Dimensionality Using Electrospun Scaffolds (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 12/2016)
Authors: Maricela Maldonado, Gerardo Ico, Karen Low, Rebeccah J. Luu, Jin Nam
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Electrospun scaffolds provide soft nanofibrous networks pliable by human induced pluripotent stem cells. J. Nam and co-workers show on page 1408 that such compliant scaffolding leads to the formation of stem cell colonies with a distinctive three-dimensional morphology. The morphological modulation resulted in the lineage-specific differentiation, suggesting a potential means to enhance translational applications of the stem cells.
FDA Approval: Uridine Triacetate for the Treatment of Patients Following Fluorouracil or Capecitabine Overdose or Exhibiting Early-Onset Severe Toxicities Following Administration of These Drugs
Authors: Gwynn Ison, Julia A. Beaver, W. David McGuinn, Todd R. Palmby, Jeannette Dinin, Rosane Charlab, Anshu Marathe, Runyan Jin, Qi Liu, Xiao Hong Chen, Xavier Ysern, Olen Stephens, Ge Bai, Yaning Wang, Sarah E. Dorff, Joyce Cheng, Shenghui Tang, Rajeshwari Sridhara, William Pierce, Amy E. McKee, Amna Ibrahim, Geoffrey Kim, Richard Pazdur
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

On December 11, 2015, the FDA approved uridine triacetate (VISTOGARD; Wellstat Therapeutics Corporation) for the emergency treatment of adult and pediatric patients following a fluorouracil or capecitabine overdose regardless of the presence of symptoms, and of those who exhibit early-onset, severe, or life-threatening toxicity affecting the cardiac or central nervous system, and/or early onset, unusually severe adverse reactions (e.g., gastrointestinal toxicity and/or neutropenia) within 96 hours following the end of fluorouracil or capecitabine administration. Uridine triacetate is not recommended for the nonemergent treatment of adverse reactions associated with fluorouracil or capecitabine because it may diminish the efficacy of these drugs, and the safety and efficacy of uridine triacetate initiated more than 96 hours following the end of administration of these drugs has not been established. The approval is based on data from two single-arm, open-label, expanded-access trials in 135 patients receiving uridine triacetate (10 g or 6.2 g/m(2) orally every 6 hours for 20 doses) for fluorouracil or capecitabine overdose, or who exhibited severe or life-threatening toxicities within 96 hours following the end of fluorouracil or capecitabine administration. Ninety-six percent of patients met the major efficacy outcome measure, which was survival at 30 days or survival until the resumption of chemotherapy, if prior to 30 days. The most common adverse reactions were vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea. This article summarizes the FDA review of this New Drug Application, the data supporting approval of uridine triacetate, and the unique regulatory situations encountered by this approval. Clin Cancer Res; 22(18); 4545-49. ©2016 AACR.