tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chiari's Disease — Hepatic-Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Anthony P. Caputi, Thomas A. Warthin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

HEPATIC-VEIN thrombosis was first described by Budd1 in 1846 but is named for Chiari, 2 who in 1899 collected 10 cases. Since then over a hundred additional cases have been reported. The Budd-Chiari syndrome, or hepatic-vein thrombosis, may be divided into two major groups: those due to a primary endophlebitic process and others secondary to intrahepatic and extrahepatic disorders. Less than 12 reported cases have been of the primary endophlebitic type. Hirsh3 has listed many of the causative diseases leading to the secondary type, including those of thrombotic, infectious and neo-plastic etiology.The theoretical considerations of abnormalities of clot formation are . . .
The “On–Off” Phenomenon in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: John G. Nutt, William R. Woodward, John P. Hammerstad, Julie H. Carter, John L. Anderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

To determine whether the oscillating clinical response to levodopa in Parkinson's disease (the "on-off" phenomenon) reflects fluctuations in absorption and transport of the drug, we investigated this phenomenon in nine patients with an oscillating motor state. We studied the response to continuous infusion of levodopa and the effects of meals on the plasma levodopa concentrations and on the clinical response during oral and intravenous administration of the drug. Meals reduced peak plasma levodopa concentrations by 29 per cent and delayed absorption by 34 minutes. Bypassing absorption by constant infusion of the drug produced a stable clinical state lasting for 12 hours in all of six patients and for up to 36 hours in some. High-protein meals or oral phenylalanine, leucine, or isoleucine (100 mg per kilogram of body weight) reversed the therapeutic effect of infused levodopa without reducing plasma levodopa concentrations. Glycine and lysine at identical doses had no effect. We conclude that interference with absorption of levodopa by food and by competition between large neutral amino acids and levodopa for transport from plasma to the brain may be partly responsible for the fluctuating clinical response in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Response to “Comment on ‘Effects of <i>in Utero</i> Exposure to Arsenic during the Second Half of Gestation on Reproductive End Points and Metabolic Parameters in Female CD-1 Mice’”
Authors: Karina F. Rodriguez, Erica K. Ungewitter, Yasmin Crespo-Mejias, Chang Liu, Barbara Nicol, Grace E. Kissling, Humphrey Hung-Chang Yao
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)
Tips for a Physician in Getting the Right Job, Part XXIII
Authors: Jay A. Harolds
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

After signing a contract, the new doctor has much to do before starting work, such as licensing, credentialing, finding a new home, and moving. There are important tips for a new physician in doing well in a job, such as asking for frequent feedback, doing at least one’s share of the work, being at the job and available when expected, being sensitive and helpful to the needs of patients and members of the health care team, cultivating relationships, and in some cases, marketing.
Abstract 1839: Improving colorectal cancer screening rates in minority and underserved populations: A tailored community approach
Authors: May Darwish-Yassine
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Disparities in colorectal cancer screening rates continue to be observed across population groups in Michigan. In 2008, screening rates were below the general population for each of the minority population groups except Asian Americans (63.7% + 15.0%); rates were exceptionally low for Hispanics (46.5% + 15.4%) and Arab Americans (45.6% + 21.9%). Four special projects were conducted that focused on increasing awareness of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in Michigan's underserved populations. We present a summary of each project methodology and highlight the outcomes of each intervention type as it relates to awareness of colorectal cancer risk and behavioral changes within the selected populations. Generally, community-wide interventions, particularly those using media, seek to increase preventive behaviors within a community by targeting a large part of the population in a defined area. The evaluations presented in this report were designed to include all community members 50 years of age or older living in the campaign geographical area and did not necessarily target individuals who were touched by every type of intervention offered. This was primarily due to the timeline and resources surrounding the interventions. However, our evaluation results show signs of improvement in CRC awareness within the study communities, and suggest that tailored and culturally-appropriate approaches are effective in health promotion at the community level. Reducing disparities in cancer outcomes undoubtedly requires repeated and sustained efforts for achieving optimal outcomes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1839. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1839
Medical Termination of Pregnancy
Authors: Sophie Christin-Maitre, Philippe Bouchard, Irving M. Spitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Termination of pregnancy has been practiced since antiquity. Although many societies accept this practice, some reject it, and it is sometimes even considered a crime. The most widely used methods for terminating pregnancy early in the first trimester are surgical, primarily vacuum aspiration, which is safer and less painful than dilation and curettage. An estimated 26 million pregnancies are terminated legally each year throughout the world, and 20 million are terminated illegally, with more than 78,000 deaths.1 A safe medical method would save many lives.In the United States, where abortion is legal and is performed by trained personnel, the . . .
Stat Bite: AIDS-Related Cancers in Young White Men
Authors: J. E. Karp
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Stat Bite: AIDS-Related Cancers in Young White Men Get access Judith E. Karp, M.D. Judith E. Karp, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 14, 21 July 1993, Page 1114, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.14.1114 Published: 21 July 1993
Résultats préliminaires de suivi à un an de dissection sous-muqueuse endoscopique des tumeurs superficielles du rectum: protocole Dissecmuc
Authors: B Hotayt, G Rahmi, E Samaha, A Charachon, V Lepilliez, M Giovannini, S Chaussade, D Coumaros, F Cholet, A Calazel, A Laquière, C Cellier
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

La dissection sous-muqueuse endoscopique (ESD) permet un taux d'exérèse monobloc important. Cette technique étant en cours de développement en France, l'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer le taux de récidive pour les lésions colorectales.
Components of Cigarette Smoke with Ciliary-Depressant Activity
Authors: C. J. Kensler, S. P. Battista
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

ALTHOUGH the importance of ciliary activity in removing foreign matter from the respiratory system is well recognized there is little quantitative information on the effects of various environmental agents on this function in mammalian preparations. Falk and Kotin1 stated that "the ability of the tracheobronchial tree to prevent the abnormal retention and accumulation of foreign particulate matter by means of ciliary action and mucus stream flow appears paramount in the control of the activity of environmental carcinogenic agents." A similar suggestion was offered earlier by Hilding.2 Hilding2 and more recently Falk et al.3 and Guillerm, Badré and Vignon4 reported that . . .
Abstract 5356: EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 is involved in epigenetic repression of DLC1 (Deleted in liver cancer 1) in human cancers.
Authors: Leung Kuen Au, Carmen Chak-Lui Wong, Joyce Man-Fong Lee, Chun-Ming Wong, Irene Oi-Lin Ng
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), the histone methyltransferase of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 catalyzing histone H3 lysine 27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3), is frequently up-regulated in human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we identified the tumor suppressor Deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) as a target of repression by EZH2-mediated H3K27me3. DLC1 is a GTPase-activating protein for Rho family proteins. Inactivation of DLC1 results in hyper-activated Rho/ROCK signaling and is implicated in actin cytoskeleton reorganization to promote cancer metastasis. By chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we demonstrated that H3K27me3 was significantly enriched at the DLC1 promoter region of a DLC1-nonexpressing HCC cell line, MHCC97L. Depletion of EZH2 in MHCC97L by short hairpin RNA reduced H3K27me3 level at DLC1 promoter and induced DLC1 gene re-expression. Conversely, transient overexpression of GFP-EZH2 in DLC1-expressing Huh7 cells reduced DLC1 mRNA level with a concomitant enrichment of EZH2 on DLC1 promoter. An inverse relation in the expression pattern between EZH2 and DLC1 was observed in the liver, lung, breast, prostate, and ovarian cancer tissues. Treating cancer cells with the EZH2 small molecular inhibitor, 3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), restored DLC1 expression in different cancer cell lines, indicating that EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 epigenetic regulation of DLC1 was a common mechanism in human cancers. Importantly, we found that DZNep treatment inhibited HCC cell migration through disrupting actin cytoskeleton network, suggesting the therapeutic potential of DZNep in targeting cancer metastasis. Taken together, our study has shed mechanistic insight into EZH2-H3K27me3 epigenetic repression of DLC1 and advocated the significant pro-metastatic role of EZH2 via repressing tumor and metastasis suppressors. Citation Format: Leung Kuen Au, Carmen Chak-Lui Wong, Joyce Man-Fong Lee, Chun-Ming Wong, Irene Oi-Lin Ng. EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 is involved in epigenetic repression of DLC1 (Deleted in liver cancer 1) in human cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5356. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5356
Cancer charities need access to patient data too
Authors: M. Hobday
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Macmillan Cancer Support welcomes the questions O’Dowd raises about the use of patient data for research purposes.1 Bodies such as the Health and Social Care Information Centre rightly need to protect patient privacy, but we believe this is possible while still realising the benefits of analysing patient level data.

For example, our ongoing “routes from diagnosis” programme uses …
The Thyrotropin Receptor in Thyroid Diseases
Authors: Ralf Paschke, Marian Ludgate
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

The growth and function of the thyroid are controlled by thyrotropin1 through the activation of its receptor, which belongs to the large family of G protein–coupled receptors. Despite the extreme diversity of their ligands, all receptors from this family have a common molecular architecture: seven transmembrane segments, three extracellular loops, three intracellular loops, an extracellular amino terminal, and an intracytoplasmic carboxy terminal (Figure 1). The glycoprotein hormone receptors constitute a subfamily that is characterized mainly by a particularly long amino-terminal extracellular domain that confers binding specificity.1,21 The thyrotropin receptor is encoded by 10 exons spread over 58 kilobases on . . .
AB1421-HPR Using the SF-MCGILL pain questionnaire, how do patients with SLE describe their pain?
Authors: E. Waldheim, A.-C. Elkan, S. Bergman, J. Frostegård, E. Welin Henriksson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Pain is reported to be a major subjective symptom in SLE. In order to provide a confirmatory and supportive meeting in rheumatology nursing it is important to gain an understanding for how patients with SLE experience disease related pain. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate extent and characteristics of self-reported pain related to SLE. <h3>Methods</h3> 83 patients, all fulfilling ACR criteria for SLE, participated in this cohort study and were asked to respond to self-assessment questionnaires covering their experience of pain related to SLE: visual analog scale (VAS) and Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) were used to capture the extent and characteristics of pain related to SLE. SLAM was used to examine the most common pain location. For clinically relevant analysis the patients were divided into two groups: patients who estimated pain related to SLE 1) low pain group (LPG) = VAS 0-39 mm and 2) high pain group (HPG) = VAS 40-100 mm respectively, as VAS ≥40 mm commonly count for clinically relevant pain. <h3>Results</h3> Low pain group (LPG) consists of 63 (76%) and High pain group (HPG) of 20 (24%) patients respectively. Median for SF-MPQ total index in LPG was 2.0 (IQR 0-5) and HPG 14.5 (IQR 5.5-20.5). Comparative statistical analysis showed a statistical significant difference between LPG and HPG (p≤0.001). The median number of descriptive words used to describe pain for LPG was 2 (IQR 0-4.0) and for HPG 8.5 (IQR 4.0-10.5) words (p≤0.001). Correlation was found between self-reported pain related to SLE on VAS and numbers of describing words (r=0.78, p≤0.001). In both LPG and HPG the most used words to describe moderate and severe pain related to SLE were "aching" and "tender". In HPG "burning" and in LPG "stabbing" also were used frequently. In HPG, 70% reported their present pain (PPI) as distressing. Arthralgia was the most common location of pain due to SLAM in both LPG and HPG. <h3>Conclusions</h3> High pain group (HPG) reported higher values in SF-MPQ total index and used a greater number of words to describe their pain related to SLE compare to low pain group (LPG). The words most used in both LPG and HPG to describe moderate and severe pain were tender and aching. Most patients in HPG described their present pain as distressing. Arthralgia was the most common pain location in both LPG and HPG. These findings may vitalize and enhance understanding of patients experience of pain related to SLE and may thus contribute to a confirmatory and trustful caring communication. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract ES8-1: Systems Biology — Can It Explain Everything?
Authors: D Faratian
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Systems biology has entered the biological lexicon but is only just gaining acceptance within the clinical community. Some reasons for slow uptake include a misunderstanding of the opportunities (and limitations) offered by systems approaches, an absence of real-life ‘success-stories’ of clinical application, and perhaps deficiencies in cross-disciplinary training and multidisciplinary teamwork. Nevertheless, breast cancer, and its management, is complex and multi-parametric and therefore ideally suited to the systems approach. There are a number of opportunities to apply systems biology to real clinical problems, such as drug and biomarker discovery, the integration of clinical and biological data for therapeutic decision-making, and refining pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic algorithms for prognosis and prediction in breast cancer patients. In some of these areas there has been success, in others a more complete understanding of systems biology is required in order to tailor new technologies, mathematics, and clinical trial design to successfully utilize systems approaches. In this talk I will discuss where and how systems biology may be useful to the clinician, both now and in the future. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr ES8-1.
Clinical Use of the Total Artificial Heart
Authors: William C. DeVries, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Lyle D. Joyce, Fred L. Anderson, Elizabeth H. Hammond, Robert K. Jarvik, Willem J. Kolff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

We report here our first experience with the use of a total artificial heart in a human being. The heart was developed at the University of Utah, and the patient was a 61-year-old man with chronic congestive heart failure due to primary cardiomyopathy, who also had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Except for dysfunction of the prosthetic mitral valve, which required replacement of the left-heart prosthesis on the 13th postoperative day, the artificial heart functioned well for the entire postoperative course of 112 days. The mean blood pressure was 84±8 mm Hg, and cardiac output was generally maintained at 6.7±0.8 liters per minute for the right heart and 7.5±0.8 for the left, resulting in postoperative diuresis and relief of congestive failure. The postoperative course was complicated by recurrent pulmonary insufficiency, several episodes of acute renal failure, episodes of fever of unidentified cause (necessitating multiple courses of antibiotics), hemorrhagic complications of anticoagulation, and one generalized seizure of uncertain cause. On the 92nd postoperative day, the patient had diarrhea and vomiting, leading to aspiration pneumonia and sepsis. Death occurred on the 112th day, preceded by progressive renal failure and refractory hypotension, despite maintenance of cardiac output. Autopsy revealed extensive pseudomembranous colitis, acute tubular necrosis, peritoneal and pleural effusion, centrilobular emphysema, and chronic bronchitis with fibrosis and bronchiectasis. The artificial heart system was intact and uninvolved by thrombosis or infectious processes. This experience should encourage further clinical trials with the artificial heart, but we emphasize that the procedure is still highly experimental. Further experience, development, and discussion will be required before more general application of the device can be recommended. (N Engl J Med 1984; 310:273–8.)
Abstract LB-258: The human Aurora-A kinase Phe31Ile polymorphism affects cancer susceptibility in a knock-in mouse model.
Authors: Ihn Young Song, Atul Kumar, Reyno Delrosario, Jian-Hua Mao, Allan Balmain
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Aurora-A kinase is a serine/threonine kinase that is essential for faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis. A single nucleotide polymorphism T91A (amino acid Phe31→Ile) present in the coding region of human Aurora-A is associated with susceptibility to multiple cancer types, yet the precise biochemical mechanisms by which these different polymorphisms function are still not well characterized. To investigate the functional differences between the two alleles of Aurora-A, we have generated a knock-in mouse that carries the human-specific Aurora-A Phe31 allele. Normally, rodents only carry the Ile allele. Homozygous (F/F) and heterozygous (F/I) mice for this knock-in allele were born healthy and fertile with no obvious phenotype. Growth rates of MEFs isolated from F/F, F/I, and I/I embryos showed no significant differences. To investigate the oncogenic properties of each variant in tumor development in the context of different p53 status, we generated a series of Aurora-A knock-in/p53-deficient double mutant mice. All mice were exposed to a single dose of 4Gy whole-body γ-radiation at 5 weeks of age and observed daily until they were moribund, then sacrificed and autopsied. While the I/I genotype conferred increased risk (reduced latency) compared to the F/F genotype in the p53+/- mice (p=0.037), the reverse was observed in the p53-/- mice (p=0.009); 43% of the I/I mice versus 25% of the F/F mice developed lymphomas in the p53+/- background, while 55% of the I/I mice versus 76% of the F/F mice developed lymphomas in the p53-/- background. These results support our hypothesis that the two polymorphisms confer differential susceptibility to lymphoma development in a p53-dependent manner. Interestingly, Aurora-A+/- heterozygous null mice (F/- and I/- on the p53+/- background) showed increased incidence and decreased latency of tumor formation compared to the Aurora-A+/+ mice. These data suggest dual roles for Aurora-A as both an oncogene and a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in lymphomagenesis. There exist complex regulatory mechanisms between Aurora-A and p53, emphasizing that a balanced level of Aurora-A is critical for cell survival and maintenance of genome integrity. These data highlight the critical role of interactions between common inherited genetic variants in determining tumor susceptibility, a phenomenon that may underlie the “Missing heritability” noted in GWAS in human populations. Citation Format: Ihn Young Song, Atul Kumar, Reyno Delrosario, Jian-Hua Mao, Allan Balmain. The human Aurora-A kinase Phe31Ile polymorphism affects cancer susceptibility in a knock-in mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-258. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-258
Case 16-2009
Authors: Charles J. Lockwood, Allan S. Nadel, Mary Etta King, Drucilla J. Roberts
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 32-year-old pregnant woman was admitted to the hospital at 23.1 weeks of gestation, because of an abnormal fetal ultrasound study. Nineteen days before admission, a sonogram revealed a thickened fetal nuchal fold, bilateral nuchal cystic hygromas, and pericardial and pleural effusions. Fetal echocardiography revealed normal cardiac anatomy and function. Testing for infectious diseases was negative. The pregnancy was terminated, and a fetal autopsy was performed.
LEVEL OF ACHIEVEMENT AFTER LOBOTOMY
Authors: WALTER FREEMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1953)

More than 1,000 lobotomized patients have been followed for periods of 1 to 16 years, then divided into those with good social achievement and those with poor social achievement. The records were analyzed in an effort to determine the factors responsible for good adjustment. It was found that the level of achievement improved with the passage of time. The outstanding feature in a high level of achievement is the short duration of disability. Since community activities and professional competence are possible after lobotomy, it is apparent that the personality downgrading generally attributed to lobotomy should be attributed rather to the devastating effects of the underlying disease process. It is safer to operate than to wait. Transorbital lobotomy yields a higher rate of good social achievement than prefrontal lobotomy except in cases of hebephrenic schizophrenia.
Affordable Care Act's lower than projected premiums will save $190bn more over decade, report says
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Affordable Care Act is on track to save $190bn (£120bn; €140bn) more than predicted, because intense price competition on the new health insurance exchanges has driven premium prices well below earlier projections, a new report says.1

The lower premiums, in turn, will reduce the number of uninsured people by an additional 700 000, the report finds.

The report was prepared for the Center for American …