tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cyanoacrylate embolism from gastric varices may lead to esophageal variceal rupture
Authors: P.-H. Chen, M.-C. Hou, H.-C. Lin, S.-D. Lee
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

A 77-year-old woman diagnosed with hepatitis B presented with hematemesis. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed esophageal varices with signs of red color, and tumor-like gastric varices with a white nipple ([Fig. 1 a]). For suspected recent bleeding, 4 ml of a mixture of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) and Lipiodol (1 : 1 ratio) was injected into the gastric varices. Follow-up EGD 1 month later disclosed two ulcers on the esophageal varices at 36 and 34 cm, respectively, from the incisor. Pathology examination of the removed protruding material at the center of the ulcer showed inflammatory cells mixed with a cyanoacrylate substance ([Fig. 1 b, c]).
EFICACIA Y SEGURIDAD DE LA ESFINTEROPLASTIA CON BALON EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA COLEDOCOLITIASIS -
Authors: M Aguirresarobe, A Orive-Calzada, M López-López, M Navajas-Laboa, S Torres-Burgos, B Sampedro-Andrada, JA Arévalo-Serna, M Durán-Rigueira, A Bernal-Martínez, JL Cabriada-Nuño
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Introducción: La esfinteroplastia con balón (EB) es una técnica alternativa, y a veces complementaria a la esfinterotomía endoscópica (EE) en el tratamiento de la coledocolitiasis, pero no exenta de riesgos.
La dilatation de l'orifice de sphinctérotomie pour l'ablation de volumineux calculs biliaires est-elle possible dans le même temps endoscopique que la sphinctérotomie?
Authors: G Donatelli, M Delvaux, B Dallemagne, D Mutter, M Doffoel, J Marescaux, G Gay
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

La dilatation de l'orifice de sphinctérotomie (SE) a été proposée pour permettre l'ablation de volumineux calculs (diamètre >15mm) de la voie biliaire principale (VBP), le plus souvent après échec de l'extraction au ballonnet ou de la lithotritie. La dilatation est alors réalisée lors d'un deuxième cathétérisme de papille (CPRE). Le but de notre étude était d'évaluer la possibilité de réaliser une dilatation large de l'orifice de sphinctérotomie dans le même temps endoscopique, chez des patients présentant un ou plusieurs volumineux calculs de la VBP et des comorbidités justifiant de limiter le nombre et la durée des anesthésies.
Diminished Rates of Bone Formation in Normal Black Adults
Authors: Robert S. Weinstein, Norman H. Bell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Blacks have a greater bone mass and a lower incidence of osteoporosis and hip fractures than whites. We performed biopsies of the iliac crest in 12 blacks (6 men and 6 women) and 13 whites (8 men and 5 women) who were matched for age (range, 19 to 46 years) and weight, to determine whether histomorphometric differences between blacks and whites could be identified. The static measurements of cortical and cancellous bone architecture were not significantly different in the two groups. In contrast, the dynamic measurements, determined with tetracycline markers, showed that the mean rate of bone formation in the blacks was only 35 percent of that in the whites (P<0.001). We conclude that the rate of bone turnover is lower in blacks than in whites, since bone resorption and bone formation are closely coupled in the steady state. If reconstitution of previously resorbed cavities at remodeling sites is incomplete in osteoporosis, a reduction in the rate of skeletal remodeling could provide a means for maintaining and preserving bone mass in blacks. (N Engl J Med 1988; 319:1698–701.)
PMO-053 Appetite, taste and smell changes after weight loss surgery
Authors: L Graham, G Murty, D Bowrey
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> It is apparent from day-to-day practice that patients frequently report changes to their appetite, taste and smell after weight loss surgery. There has been surprisingly little written in the literature on this. The aim of the current study was to assess these parameters in a cohort of patients and to explore potential differences between the different types of procedure. <h3>Methods</h3> Questionnaires relating to appetite, taste and smell were administered to 264 patients who had undergone weight loss surgery at our institution during the years 2000–2011. Eight of these patients also underwent detailed smell testing using a validated Olfactometer for taste testing for the flavours of sweet, salt, sour and bitter. <h3>Results</h3> Responses were received from 133 patients (50%). Sensory changes in appetite, taste and smell were noted by 95%, 68% and 39% of patients respectively. Patients who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) more frequently experienced new aversions to specific foods compared to patients having other types of surgery (RYGB 73% vs sleeve gastrectomy 40% vs gastric banding 20%), p&lt;0.01. Patients who experienced food aversions experienced a greater level of postoperative weight loss and reduction in BMI, compared to their counterparts without these features. Detailed taste and smell testing did not identify significant changes to smell or taste thresholds after surgery, nor was there a significant correlation between overall taste and smell scores (p=0.67). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study provides preliminary support that patients do experience changes in their appetite, taste and smell following weight loss surgery. These changes need to be investigated further to help support patient education and the informed consent process. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
FRI0365 Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the behcet’s disease current activity form in korea
Authors: H.-J. Choi, M. R. Seo, H. J. Ryu, H. J. Baek
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> This study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Behcet’s disease current activity form (BDCAF, version 2006) to Korean language and to evaluate its reliability and validity in a population of Korean patients with Behcet’s disease (BD). <h3>Methods</h3> The BDCAF was translated into the Korean language by two translators, who were aware of its objectives and it was translated back into the English language by two different translators. The Korean BDCAF was administered to thirty-six patients with BD who were attending the outpatient rheumatology clinic. The second BDCAF was done by mail in thirty patients (83%) one day after visit. The test-retest reliability was analyzed by computing k statistics. Kappa scores higher than 0.6 indicated good agreement. To assess validity, we compared BDCAF score with the patient’s/clinician’s perception of disease activity (0~7 visual scale) and Korean version of behcet’s disease quality of life (BDQOL) which was validated at 2008. <h3>Results</h3> The male to female was 10:26, and the mean age of patients was 52.0 ± 8.1 years (± SD). The mean disease duration was 5.8±4.8 years. About test-retest reliability, good agreement were achieved BDCAF items of headache, oral/genital ulcer, eye involvement, arthralgia, arthritis, moderate agreement were erythema nodosum, nausea/vomiting/abdominal pain, skin pustules and diarrhea with altered/frank blood per rectum (all p&lt; 0.005), and poor agreement were nervous system and major vessel involvement items. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.692 for BDCAF first assessment, and 0.710 for BDCAF second assessment, indicating acceptable levels of internal consistency for both assessments. Significant correlations were obtained BDCAF score with the patient’s/clinician’s perception of disease activity and BDQOL (all p&lt; 0.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The Korean version of BDCAF is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring current activity in BD patients of Korea. <b>Disclosure of Interest</b>: None Declared
OC-057 The “Speedboat”: a New Multi-Modality Instrument for Endoscopic Resection in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Z P Tsiamoulos, C Hancock, L A Bourikas, P D Sibbons, B P Saunders
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Large sessile or flat intestinal lesions &gt; 2 cm are optimally removed en-bloc for more accurate histology and for completeness of resection. Current submucosal dissection devices are technically challenging to use resulting in long and sometimes incomplete procedures with a high risk of major complication. We describe, for the first time, a simple to use, multi-modality endoscopic device (“Speedboat”) for wide-field, en-bloc mucosal resection. <h3>Methods</h3> The ‘Speedboat’ cuts in forward, lateral and oblique planes using bipolar radio frequency (RF) cutting, provides haemostasis with microwave coagulation and incorporates a retractable needle for submucosal injection and tissue irrigation. The instrument blade has an insulated ‘hull’ to prevent thermal injury and the device catheter is partially torque stable allowing rotation and orientation of the hull to protect the underlying muscularis propria. The electrosurgical generator is comprised of 2 power sources, one operating at 400 KHz (RF) and the other at 5.8 GHz (microwave). Speedboat submucosal dissection technique (SSD) was performed and video recorded on 3 consecutive 60 kg pigs. Mucosal areas to be resected were marked prior to submucosal injection. The mucosa was then circumferentially incised and resected by SSD. The time taken to complete resection, complications encountered and power settings used were recorded. Immediately after the procedure, the animals were euthanized, and the resection defects measured and assessed histologically. <h3>Results</h3> Eight consecutive resections were performed (2 per animal), 7 in the colorectum and 1 in the antrum of the stomach. The median time to complete a resection was 37 minutes range (30–60 minutes) using RF cutting 24 W, voltage circa 300 Vrms. Median defect size (longest diameter) was 53.5mm, range 40–80 mm. Microwave coagulation was applied for either minor bleeding or visible vessels on 32 occasions (mean energy 7.5 W). An endoclip was used once to control arteriolar bleeding but no other haemostatic device was required. There were no perforations and histology showed an intact and viable muscle layer with some remaining submucosa in all cases. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This initial evaluation of the “Speedboat” suggests that it facilitates rapid and safe en-bloc mucosal resection in the colorectum and gastric antrum. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> Z. Tsiamoulos Grant/Research Support from: Creo Medical Ltd, Consultancy agreement, C. Hancock Shareholder of: Creo Medical Ltd, L. Bourikas: None Declared, P. Sibbons: None Declared, B. Saunders Consultant for: Creo Medical Ltd, Consultancy and Intellectual Property agreement
Percutaneous Radio-Frequency Neurotomy for Chronic Cervical Zygapophyseal-Joint Pain
Authors: Susan M. Lord, Leslie Barnsley, Barbara J. Wallis, Gregory J. McDonald, Nikolai Bogduk
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Chronic pain in the cervical zygapophyseal joints is a common problem after whiplash injury, but treatment is difficult. Percutaneous radiofrequency neurotomy can relieve the pain by denaturing the nerves innervating the painful joint, but the efficacy of this treatment has not been established.
Cost of switching inhalers is high in carbon trading terms
Authors: C. J. Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The health risks from global climate change loom large,1 and actionable information about countermeasures is urgently needed.

Hillman and colleagues highlight the role of hydrofluorocarbons in metered dose inhalers (MDIs) as important greenhouse gases.2 They also note the variation in the proportion of inhalers that contain hydrofluorocarbons between the UK and Sweden. Our analysis using GP prescribing data for …
Randomized multicenter phase 2 study of pomalidomide, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone in relapsed refractory myeloma
Authors: Rachid C. Baz, Thomas G. Martin, Hui-Yi Lin, Xiuhua Zhao, Kenneth H. Shain, Hearn J. Cho, Jeffrey L. Wolf, Anuj Mahindra, Ajai Chari, Daniel M. Sullivan, Lisa A. Nardelli, Kenneth Lau, Melissa Alsina, Sundar Jagannath
Journal: Blood (2016)
Calcified Aortic Valve Seen on Image Fusion
Authors: MARTIN PREISS, MAX PUILLE, RICHARD BAUER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

A 74-year-old man with probable metastases in the lungs and adrenals from an unknown primary underwent bone imaging for investigation of possible bone metastases. SPECT showed a marked increase of bone metabolism of the ninth thoracic vertebra, suspicious for metastasis. In addition, tracer accumulation was seen in the soft tissue between the sternum and thoracic spine. Through image fusion of CT and SPECT data, a calcified aortic valve was demonstrated.
4-Dimensional light-sheet microscopy to elucidate shear stress modulation of cardiac trabeculation
Authors: Juhyun Lee, Peng Fei, René R. Sevag Packard, Hanul Kang, Hao Xu, Kyung In Baek, Nelson Jen, Junjie Chen, Hilary Yen, C.-C. Jay Kuo, Neil C. Chi, Chih-Ming Ho, Rongsong Li, Tzung K. Hsiai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

Hemodynamic shear forces are intimately linked with cardiac development, during which trabeculae form a network of branching outgrowths from the myocardium. Mutations that alter Notch signaling also result in trabeculation defects. Here, we assessed whether shear stress modulates trabeculation to influence contractile function. Specifically, we acquired 4D (3D + time) images with light sheets by selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) for rapid scanning and deep axial penetration during zebrafish morphogenesis. Reduction of blood viscosity via gata1a morpholino oligonucleotides (MO) reduced shear stress, resulting in downregulation of Notch signaling and attenuation of trabeculation. Arrest of cardiomyocyte contraction either by troponin T type 2a (tnnt2a) MO or in weak atriumm58 (wea) mutants resulted in reduced shear stress and downregulation of Notch signaling and trabeculation. Integrating 4D SPIM imaging with synchronization algorithm demonstrated that coinjection of neuregulin1 mRNA with gata1 MO rescued trabeculation to restore contractile function in association with upregulation of Notch-related genes. Crossbreeding of Tg(flk:mCherry) fish, which allows visualization of the vascular system with the Tg(tp1:gfp) Notch reporter line, revealed that shear stress-mediated Notch activation localizes to the endocardium. Deleting endocardium via the clochesk4 mutants downregulated Notch signaling, resulting in nontrabeculated ventricle. Subjecting endothelial cells to pulsatile flow in the presence of the ADAM10 inhibitor corroborated shear stress-activated Notch signaling to modulate trabeculation.
Correlation between Serum IgG-2 Concentrations and the Antibody Response to Bacterial Polysaccharide Antigens
Authors: George R. Siber, Peter H. Schur, Alan C. Aisenberg, Sigmund A. Weitzman, Gerald Schiffman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

We measured serum concentrations of immunoglobulin classes and IgG subclasses in 53 patients who had completed treatment for Hodgkin's disease and in 10 healthy adults. We wished to determine the relation of these classes and subclasses to the subjects' antibody responses to bacterial polysaccharide and viral protein antigens. Mean levels of the IgG-2 subclass were significantly lower in patients treated with both radiation and chemotherapy than in controls (P less than 0.05). The level of IgG-2 before immunization correlated directly with the mean antibody response both to 11 pneumococcal antigens (r = 0.71, P less than 0.001) and to the Haemophilus influenzae Type b antigen (r = 0.40, P less than 0.01). The correlation between IgG-2 concentration and pneumococcal antibody response was also significant in the 10 healthy adults ( r = 0.70, P less than 0.05). The levels of no immunoglobulin class or subclass correlated significantly with antibody responses to influenza A/Victoria/75 and A/New Jersey/76 hemagglutinins, both of which are protein antigens. The serum concentration of IgG-2 appears to provide a marker for predicting the ability to produce antibodies to polysaccharide, but not viral protein, antigens.
Effect of Enzymatic Disaggregation on Proliferation of Human Tumor Cells in Soft Agar<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>
Authors: A W Hamburger, C P White, K Tencer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Cell suspensions were prepared by either mechanical or enzymatic disaggregation methods from biopsy specimens from 54 patients with various tumors. The biologic activities of cells derived from the two suspensions were then examined. Biopsy specimens of solid tumors were minced, and one-half of each specimen was further processed by being teased with needles, whereas the other half was exposed to a combination of collagenase, hyaluronidase, and DNase. The enzymatic disaggregation method yielded fewer cells per gram of tissue than the mechanical method. However, the percentage of dye-excluding cells was increased by the enzymatic procedure in 93% of the cases. Cells obtained by enzymatic means also had higher cloning efficiencies than those obtained by mincing. The histologic types of cells present in the initial cell suspensions were the same for cells obtained by the enzymatic or mechanical disaggregation methods. The number of colonies obtained was linearly related to the number of cells plated in both cases. The tritiated thymidine suicide indices (estimates of the percentage of cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle) were the same for the two cell populations obtained by the two methods. The results indicate that cells obtained from solid tumors by enzymatic dissociation methods did not differ significantly from cells obtained by the more conventional mechanical techniques. However, cell viabilities and cloning efficiencies were significantly improved by the enzymatic technique.
Hypoplasia of Cerebellar Vermal Lobules VI and VII in Autism
Authors: E. Courchesne, R. Yeung-Courchesne, J.R. Hesselink, T.L. Jernigan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Autism is a neurologic disorder that severely impairs social, language, and cognitive development. Whether autism involves maldevelopment of neuroanatomical structures is not known. The size of the cerebellar vermis in patients with autism was measured on magnetic resonance scans and compared with its size in controls. The neocerebellar vermal lobules VI and VII were found to be significantly smaller in the patients. This appeared to be a result of developmental hypoplasia rather than shrinkage or deterioration after full development had been achieved. In contrast, the adjacent vermal lobules I to V, which are ontogenetically, developmentally, and anatomically distinct from lobules VI and VII, were found to be of normal size. Maldevelopment of the vermal neocerebellum had occurred in both retarded and nonretarded patients with autism. This localized maldevelopment may serve as a temporal marker to identify the events that damage the brain in autism, as well as other neural structures that may be concomitantly damaged. Our findings suggest that in patients with autism, neocerebellar abnormality may directly impair cognitive functions that some investigators have attributed to the neocerebellum; may indirectly affect, through its connections to the brain stem, hypothalamus, and thalamus, the development and functioning of one or more systems involved in cognitive, sensory, autonomic, and motor activities; or may occur concomitantly with damage to other neural sites whose dysfunction directly underlies the cognitive deficits in autism.
Oligoarthritis Mediated by Tumor-Specific T Lymphocytes in Renal-Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hendrik Schultz, Veit Krenn, Hans-Peter Tony
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: There are few reports describing the pathophysiologic features of paraneoplastic arthritis in patients with solid tumors.1–3 We report on a patient with oligoarthritis as the initial...
AB0023 Peripheral th17 cells in rheumatoid arthritis: correlation with the activity parameters of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: A. Fazaa, K. Ben Abdelghani, M. Ben Ahmed, M. Ben Abdeladhim, A. Laatar, L. Zakraoui
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease regulated by T lymphocyte subsets. Th17 lymphocytes reportedly play significant roles in the development of this disease. <h3>Objectives</h3> We investigated the correlation of circulating Th17 cells with the clinical and biological activity parameters in patients with RA. <h3>Methods</h3> This is a prospective study including patients with RA (1987 ACR criteria). Disease activity was evaluated by global pain intensity visual analog scale (VASP), visual analog scale for patient's overall assessment of disease activity (VASOA), duration of morning stiffness, tender joint counts (TJCs), swollen joint counts (SJCs), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Disease Activity Score (DAS28). Peripheral blood Th17 cell frequency (LTh CD4+ IL-17+ IFNγ-) was determined with flow cytometry. Clinical examination and blood samples were performed on the same day. The significance level for Pearson correlation was set at p &lt;0.05. <h3>Results</h3> Thirty-eight patients were included, 35 women and 3 men, with a mean age of 52.4 ± 10.3 years and a mean disease duration of 124 ± 98 months (7-456 months). The mean VASP arose to 57 mm [0-100], the mean VASOA to 58 mm [0-100] and the mean duration of morning stiffness to 37.76 minutes [0-240]. The mean TJCs and SJCs were 7 and 6, respectively. A biological inflammatory syndrome was noted in 33 patients with a mean ESR of 46 ± VS 25 mm [15-110] and a mean CRP of 16.8 ± 15 mg / l [5-59]. The mean DAS28 was 5.2. Distribution according to the activity level of the disease showed a high activity for 20 patients according to the DAS28. There was no significant correlation between the percentage of peripheral LTh17 and the various parameters of clinical and biological activity studied. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Even though Th17 cells involvement in the pathogenesis of RA is now well established, our study shows that the peripheral percentage of Th17 cells is not correlated with the disease activity. Their frequency in rheumatoid synovial fluid might show a better activity index. <h3>References</h3> Gullick NJ, Evans HG, Church LD, Jayaraj DM, Filer A, et al. (2010) Linking Power Doppler Ultrasound to the Presence of Th17 Cells in the Rheumatoid Arthritis Joint. PLoS ONE 5(9): e12516. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012516 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared