tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Review of Current Research in Germany on Less Harmful Ways of Smoking<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">1</xref>
Authors: D. Schmähl, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Journal Article Review of Current Research in Germany on Less Harmful Ways of Smoking Get access D. Schmähl, M.D. D. Schmähl, M.D. Director of Institute of Experimental Toxicology and Chemotherapy, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 48, Issue 6, June 1972, Pages 1775–1777, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/48.6.1775 Published: 01 June 1972
Nanoparticle-mediated brain drug delivery: Overcoming blood–brain barrier to treat neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Cláudia Saraiva, Catarina Praça, Raquel Ferreira, Tiago Santos, Lino Ferreira, Liliana Bernardino
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2016)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a vital boundary between neural tissue and circulating blood. The BBB's unique and protective features control brain homeostasis as well as ion and molecule movement. Failure in maintaining any of these components results in the breakdown of this specialized multicellular structure and consequently promotes neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In several high incidence pathologies such as stroke, Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) the BBB is impaired. However, even a damaged and more permeable BBB can pose serious challenges to drug delivery into the brain. The use of nanoparticle (NP) formulations able to encapsulate molecules with therapeutic value, while targeting specific transport processes in the brain vasculature, may enhance drug transport through the BBB in neurodegenerative/ischemic disorders and target relevant regions in the brain for regenerative processes. In this review, we will discuss BBB composition and characteristics and how these features are altered in pathology, namely in stroke, AD and PD. Additionally, factors influencing an efficient intravenous delivery of polymeric and inorganic NPs into the brain as well as NP-related delivery systems with the most promising functional outcomes will also be discussed.
Leisure time physical activity is linked to reduced risk of many cancers, review finds
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Higher levels of leisure time physical activity are associated with lower risks of 13 different types of cancer, shows a review of studies including more than one million people.1

Researchers pooled data from 12 US and European cohorts collecting information on self reported physical activity from a total of 1.44 million people from 1987 to 2004. Participants were asked about how long they spent during their leisure time each week engaged in moderate or vigorous physical activity. Activity …
Abstract 243: Profilin-1 Phosphorylation Regulates Post-ischemic Cardiac Repair By Induction Of Vascular Stem Cell Homing
Authors: Yi Fan
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Neovascularization, the formation of new blood vessels, is fundamental to cardiac repair and regeneration in ischemic heart disease. After myocardial infarction (MI), vascular stem cells (VSC) are mobilized from bone marrow and recruited to the ischemic site, de novo generating new blood vessels to promote cardiac recovery. Our previous studies have revealed that phosphorylation of profilin-1 (Pfn-1) induces endothelial cell migration and sprouting angiogenesis. Here, we show that Pfn-1 phosphorylation regulates VSC homing to ischemic site and cardiac repair after MI through protease expression. Vascular lineage-specific knock-in of phosphorylation-dead Pfn-1(Y129F) mutant in mice show that Pfn-1 phosphorylation is critical for ischemia-induced neovascularization and cardiac function recovery after MI. Deficiency in Pfn-1 phosphorylation inhibits VSC homing to the ischemic hindlimb, suggesting a critical role of Pfn-1 phosphorylation in VSC recruitment. Mechanistic studies show that Pfn-1 phosphorylation is required for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A-induced expression of metalloproteinase (MMP) −2 and −9 and cell migration in VSC. Therefore, these studies identify a critical role of Pfn-1 phosphorylation in VSC homing and neovascularization after MI, and suggest that Pfn-1 phosphorylation may represent as a therapeutic target for treating ischemic heart disease.
Impact of Twin Gestation and Fetal Sex on Maternal Risk of Diabetes During and After Pregnancy
Authors: Ravi Retnakaran, Baiju R. Shah
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction is the central pathophysiological defect underlying both gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the subsequent postpartum progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (1). It has recently emerged that, in singleton pregnancies, carrying a boy is associated with poorer maternal β-cell function and hence an increased risk of GDM (1,2). Moreover, women who develop GDM while carrying a girl have a higher risk of postpartum progression to T2DM than those who develop GDM with a boy (3,4), possibly reflecting comparatively poorer β-cell function in the former (as they developed GDM in the absence of the adverse impact of the male fetus). It thus emerges that the sex of the fetus is associated with maternal risk of diabetes during and after a singleton pregnancy. In this context, we sought to evaluate the impact of twin gestation and the sex of both fetuses on maternal risk of diabetes during and after pregnancy.

Using population-based administrative databases, we identified …
Refining prevalence estimates of pathological gambling
Authors: R A Volberg, H J Steadman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

Pathological gambling was officially defined as a psychiatric illness by APA in 1980. The authors report on the results of a state-wide study in New York that indicated significant differences between problem gamblers in the general population and pathological gamblers entering publicly funded treatment programs. These results, based on telephone interviews using standardized assessment instruments with 1,000 persons, raise serious clinical and programmatic issues regarding the development and organization of appropriate services for pathological gamblers. They also point to the fact that large segments of the general population are not receiving needed services.
Dental anomalies in first-degree relatives of transposed canine probands
Authors: Adriana Bartolo, Neville Calleja, Fraser McDonald, Simon Camilleri
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2015)

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the inheritance pattern and prevalence of inheritable dental anomalies in a sample of patients with maxillary canine—first premolar transposition and their first-degree relatives with a sample of palatally displaced canine families. Thirty-five consecutive maxillary canine—first premolar transposition probands and 111 first-degree relatives were matched to 35 consecutive palatally displaced canine probands and 115 first-degree relatives. These were assessed for palatally displaced canines and incisor-premolar hypodontia. Parental age at birth of the proband was also noted. The results revealed that (i) there is no difference in the overall prevalence of palatally displaced canine or incisor-premolar hypodontia between the groups of relatives; (ii) first-degree relatives of bilateral palatally displaced canine probands have a higher prevalence of palatally displaced canine and incisor-premolar hypodontia than those with unilateral palatally displaced canine; and (iii) maternal age at birth of the maxillary canine—first premolar transposition probands was significantly higher than that of the palatally displaced canine probands. The results suggest that maxillary canine—first premolar transposition and palatally displaced canine are unlikely to be different genetic entities and also indicate environmental or epigenetic influences on dental development. The inheritance patterns of two distinct dental anomalies suggest a common genetic origin. An international team led by Simon Camilleri at Kings College London sought to determine if there is a genetic association between dental anomalies involving tooth displacement (palatally displaced canines, PDC) and tooth transposition (the commonest type being between maxillary canines and premolars, MxCP1). They examined 35 individuals with PDC and 35 with MxCP1 and found no differences in the prevalence of PDC among their first-degree relatives. The fact that over 20% of relatives of individuals with MxCP1 showed PCD suggests that the same genes are likely to be responsible for these dental anomalies. Interestingly, the incidence of MxCP1 was associated with increased maternal age, highlighting the influence of environmental and epigenetic factors on genes involved in dental development.
Lactate-induced panic in primary affective disorder
Authors: D S Cowley, S R Dager, D L Dunner
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

Intravenous sodium lactate was given to seven patients with primary depression and secondary panic attacks and 26 patients with panic disorder or agoraphobia with panic attacks. The two groups had similar rates of panic response. These results challenge the diagnostic specificity of lactate-induced panic.
Toward a biochemical classification of depressive disorders, VII: urinary free cortisol and urinary MHPG in depressions
Authors: A H Rosenbaum, T Maruta, A F Schatzberg, P J Orsulak, N S Jiang, J O Cole, J J Schildkraut
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

The authors measured urinary free cortisol and urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) levels in 24 severely depressed patients and 22 normal control subjects. Urinary free cortisol levels were significantly higher in the depressed patients than in the control subjects, but mean urinary MHPG levels were not significantly different in these two groups. A very high positive correlation between urinary MHPG levels and urinary free cortisol levels was found in the depressed patients but not in the control subjects.
Case 27-2004: Multiple-System Atrophy
Authors: Richard A Martin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

54 anos, tendo como manifestações iniciais tonturas, síncope e disfunção sexual.O exame objectivo e testes da função autonómica revelaram sinais de parkinsonismo, disautonomia e disfunção cerebelosa.A terapêutica sintomática permitiu reverter parcialmente as queixas.
Acute High-Altitude Illnesses
Authors: Buddha Basnyat
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

tion, the mice have normal body weight, adiposity, locomotor activity, and glucose homeostasis, similar to the findings in the patient.The data from these transgenic mice support the authors' supposition that nonclassical regulation of estrogen receptor α is sufficient to protect against the obesity-metabolic syndrome phenotype associated with a total loss of activity of estrogen receptor α but is not sufficient to rescue the infertility phenotype.We offer the murine findings as support of the authors' initial claims, and we believe these findings further implicate a differential role for classical versus nonclassical activity of estrogen receptor α in the regulation of energy and reproductive homeostasis.
Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Blockade and Low-Dose Heparin during Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization
Authors: The EPILOG Investigators
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Blockade of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor with abciximab (a monoclonal-antibody Fab fragment directed against the receptor) has been shown to diminish ischemic complications among patients undergoing high-risk coronary angioplasty or atherectomy but increases bleeding complications. The widespread applicability of this treatment is unknown, particularly in view of the observed risk of hemorrhage.
Psychosocial factors and cancer: analytic strategies that bias to the null.
Authors: C Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1989)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1989.7.4.541 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 2926474 Psychosocial factors and cancer: analytic strategies that bias to the null. C SchwartzxC SchwartzSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1989.7.4.541 PDF "Psychosocial factors and cancer: analytic strategies that bias to the null.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 7(4), pp. 541–542© 1989 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Prognostic and predictive value of CD8 + , CD4 + infiltration and KI-67 level in the post-chemotherapy residual disease in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: N.O. Verovkina, L.A. Syvak, S. Lyalkin, N.M. Majdanevych, A. Askolsky, M.U. Klimanov, N.V. Kasap, O.M. Grabovyy, M.S. Krotevych
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Lead Nipple Shields
Authors: J. S. Blacksell
Journal: BMJ (1949)

Gliomas that grow uninhibited in the brain almost never metastasize outside the CNS. The rare occurrences of extracranial metastasis are usually associated with a suppressed immune system. This observation raises the possibility that some gliomas might not grow outside the CNS due to an inherent immune response, We report in this study that the highly malignant F98 Fischer rat undifferentiated glioma, which grows aggressively in the brain, spontaneously regresses when injected live s.c. We found that this regression is immune-mediated and that it markedly enhances the survival or cures rats challenged with the same tumor intracranially either before or after the s.c. live-cell treatment. Adoptive transfer experiments showed the effect was immune-mediated and that the CD8 T cell fraction, which exhibited direct tumor cytotoxicity, was more effective than the CD4 T cell fraction in mediating resistance to intracranial challenge of naive rats. Brain tumors from treated rats exhibited enhanced CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>−</sup> and CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>−</sup> T cell infiltration and IFN-γ secretion. The results in the F98 glioma were corroborated in the Lewis rat CNS-1 astrocytoma. In both tumor models, s.c. treatment with live cells was significantly better than immunization with irradiated cells. We propose in this study a location-based immunotherapeutic phenomenon we term “split immunity”: a tumor that thrives in an immune-privileged site may be inhibited by injecting live, unmodified tumor cells into a site that is not privileged, generating protective immunity that spreads back to the privileged site. Split immunity could explain several long-standing paradoxes regarding the lack of overt extracranial metastasis in patients with primary brain tumors.
Abstract IA01: Epigenetic mechanisms of tumor initiation and evolution
Authors: Bradley E. Bernstein
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract The paramount importance of epigenetic regulation in cancer is now well established by a convergence of data from cancer genome sequencing, epigenomics and the transcriptional and molecular characterization of tumors and models. Our laboratory research is focused on characterizing epigenetic mechanisms of tumor initiation, as well as on understanding how epigenetic changes and intratumoral heterogeneity contribute to drug resistance and tumor relapse. We are particularly interested in brain tumors as clinically compelling models for investigating epigenetic mechanisms of tumorigenesis. I will present two ongoing projects in this area. The first project is focused on genetic mutations that affect epigenetic regulators and processes, and are associated with gliomagenesis. Here I will discuss our progress towards delineating specific mechanisms, regulatory targets and programs that explain the tumorigenicity of individual mutations. The second project is focused on epigenetic mechanisms that enable glioblastoma stem cells to adapt to environmental stressors or drug pressures. Here we have identified a specific role for histone demethylases in resetting the epigenetic landscapes of glioblastoma stem cells, and thereby allowing them to transition to a more primitive and refractory state. These respective studies exemplify ongoing research in our lab as well as in the broader research community, and have general relevance for cancer biology, diagnosis and therapy. Citation Format: Bradley E. Bernstein. Epigenetic mechanisms of tumor initiation and evolution. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Sep 24-27, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA01.
Limbic Encephalitis Diagnosed With 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Maria Del Puig Cózar Santiago, Raul Sanchez Jurado, Rut Sanz Llorens, Jose Enrique Aguilar Barrios, Jose Ferrer Rebolleda
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

Limbic encephalitis is a subacute onset syndrome characterized by short-term memory impairment, confusion, temporal lobe epilepsy, hypothalamic dysfunction, and psychiatric symptoms. Common causes are autoimmune disorders or idiopathic disease, although it has been associated to tumors. We report the case of a woman arrived at the emergency department having had fluctuating impaired memory for 2 weeks. The first MRI was normal. It was decided to perform lumbar puncture and PET/CT to exclude viral origin or paraneoplastic syndrome. Typical abnormalities were found in the second MRI (1 month after previous); however, FDG PET is a useful tool that contributes to early detection.
A humanized unconjugated antibody targeting CD33 (SGN-33; huM195) is active in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)
Authors: A. Raza, N. Galili, J. G. Jurcic, G. J. Roboz, B. L. Wood, L. E. Grove, J. G. Drachman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

16500 Background: CD33 is a sialoglycan protein expressed on normal myeloid and monocytic cells as well as the vast majority of myeloid malignancies. A humanized antibody has been developed that recognizes CD33 and induces antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. In prior clinical testing, this antibody led to significant reductions in blasts in patients with relapsed and refractory AML. Methods: A phase I single-arm dose escalation trial was initiated at multiple sites to assess the safety, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and activity of SGN-33 at higher doses than previously tested. Cohorts of 3–6 patients with advanced MDS or AML will receive intravenous SGN-33 at weekly doses of 1.5 to 8 mg/kg over 5 weeks. Clinical response will be determined by bone marrow morphology and hematologic improvement. Responding patients will be eligible for 4 additional infusions. Results: Treatment of 6 patients at 1.5 mg/kg/wk has been well-tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxicity or related adverse events &gt; grade 2. The median age is 79.5 years (range 52–88), and all patients were previously untreated. One patient discontinued treatment because of refractory thrombocytopenia, unrelated to SGN-33. CD33 saturation of the bone marrow blasts after 2 infusions ranged from 27% to 84% with an average of 55%. The mean change in bone marrow blasts by flow cytometry after 2 weeks was −9% (range −68% to +44%; N = 5), and the marrow monocytes changed by −39% (range −90% to +86%; N = 5). Two patients have completed re-staging after cycle 1. Blasts decreased from 29% to 12% in an 88 year-old woman with AML and from 11% to 9% in a 79 year-old man with RAEB. Conclusions: SGN-33 is well tolerated at 1.5 mg/kg/wk, and dose escalation is ongoing. Antitumor activity was seen in elderly patients with previously untreated AML and MDS. Incomplete saturation of the CD33 on bone marrow blasts suggests that higher doses may improve efficacy. SGN-33 holds promise for the treatment of patients with myeloid malignancy who are ineligible for aggressive therapy. [Table: see text]
Re-emergence of brucellosis in cattle in France and risk for human health
Authors: A Mailles, S Rautureau, J M Le Horgne, B Poignet-Leroux, C d’Arnoux, G Dennetière, M Faure, J P Lavigne, J P Bru, B Garin-Bastuji
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

A case of human brucellosis was diagnosed in France in January 2012. The investigation demonstrated that the case had been contaminated by raw milk cheese from a neighbouring dairy farm. As France has been officially free of bovine brucellosis since 2005, veterinary investigations are being conducted to determine the origin of the infection and avoid its spread among other herds. Hypotheses about the source of this infection are discussed.
On Call
Authors: Carolyn J. Hildreth
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Ahealth problem may require that you be admitted to a hospital.Here you will be seen by the physician on call (available).At hospitals with teaching programs, the doctor on call usually will be a physician in training called a resident (see below).This person will evaluate you for tests, procedures, and consultations that you might require.Occasionally, the person who evaluates you will be a nonphysician professional, usually a physician assistant or a clinical nurse practitioner (see below).On occasions when you must be admitted to a hospital where your regular doctor does not make hospital rounds (a bedside visit to assess your progress with regard to diagnosis, treatment, and recovery), you will be assigned another physician who will act as the attending physician, taking ultimate responsibility for your care while you are admitted.During any hospital admission, your care may be shared by several members of a team.The September 10, 2008, issue of JAMA is a theme issue devoted to medical education.It includes an article about the workload of medical interns (see below) on call as it relates to how many hours they are allowed to work.To help maintain quality of patient care, there are restrictions on the number of hours physicians in training can work.
Fitness to practise process must change, says GMC chair
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The United Kingdom’s fitness to practise process must be reformed, the chair of the General Medical Council has said.

Presenting the annual Stevens Lecture at the Royal Society of Medicine in London on Monday 16 May, Terrence Stephenson said he wanted to move the GMC away from being perceived as the “policeman” of the profession.

He said, “For most doctors, what the GMC is known for is tackling bad practice and striking doctors off. Unfortunately, because we are creatures of statute, we have to follow the 1983 [Medical] Act, and you will see that this is really rather a hammer to crack a nut. I’m determined …