tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transbronchial Cryobiopsy Can Diagnose Constrictive Bronchiolitis in Veterans of Recent Conflicts in the Middle East
Authors: Robert J. Lentz, Joshua P. Fessel, Joyce E. Johnson, Fabien Maldonado, Robert F. Miller, Otis B. Rickman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)

Transbronchial lung biopsy with a cryoprobe, or cryobiopsy, provides larger tissue samples than traditional forceps biopsy (1, 2).Investigations of this technique in diffuse parenchymal lung diseases have reported favorable results, with diagnostic yield similar to surgical lung biopsy, while maintaining the safety profile of traditional bronchoscopic biopsy (1-8).We hypothesized that cryobiopsy would be able to diagnose other conditions poorly evaluated by traditional transbronchial biopsy, including the bronchiolitides (9).Since describing the phenomenon in 2011 (10), our institution has maintained an interest in postdeployment constrictive bronchiolitis affecting veterans returning from recent conflicts in the Middle East.This series represents our initial investigation into the use of cryobiopsy as a possible alternative to surgical lung biopsy for establishing this diagnosis.An abbreviated version of this work was presented as a poster discussion at the ATS Conference in 2015 (11). Methods This retrospective series was approved by the Vanderbilt University Institutional Review Board (IRB# 151099).Patient identification and data collection.The four patients referred to our interventional pulmonary practice to date with specific concern about postdeployment constrictive bronchiolitis requiring lung biopsy for further characterization were included.All developed dyspnea on exertion, causing significant exercise limitation, since their last deployments, with normal or nonspecifically abnormal noninvasive evaluations.Clinical data were retrospectively extracted from the medical record.Cryobiopsy procedure.Bronchoscopies with cryobiopsy were performed as previously described for diagnosing diffuse parenchymal lung disease at our institution (3).If no abnormalities were present on high-resolution computed tomography scan of the chest to guide cryobiopsy location, they were performed in the right lower lobe.One to three cryobiopsies were obtained according to operator preference.
Prostasomes as a source of diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer
Authors: Carla Zijlstra, Willem Stoorvogel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

New biomarkers are needed to improve the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Similarly to healthy cells, prostate epithelial cancer cells produce extracellular vesicles (prostasomes) that can be isolated from seminal fluid, urine, and blood. Prostasomes contain ubiquitously expressed and prostate-specific membrane and cytosolic proteins, as well as RNA. Both quantitative and qualitative changes in protein, mRNA, long noncoding RNA, and microRNA composition of extracellular vesicles isolated from prostate cancer patients have been reported. In general, however, the identified extracellular vesicle-associated single-marker molecules or combinations of marker molecules require confirmation in large cohorts of patients to validate their specificity and sensitivity as prostate cancer markers. Complications include variable factors such as prostate manipulation and urine flux, as well as masking by ubiquitously expressed free molecules and extracellular vesicles from tissues other than the prostate. Herein, we propose that the most promising methods include comprehensive combinational screening for (mutant) RNA in prostasomes that are immunoisolated with antibodies targeting prostate-specific epitopes.
Fighting Fire with Fire: Rekindling the Bevacizumab Debate
Authors: Alberto J. Montero, Charles Vogel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

The results of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B-40 trial1 and the GeparQuinto (GBG44) trial,2 both of which are reported in this issue of the Journal, are particularly timely given the definitive announcement by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on November 18, 2011, revoking approval of bevacizumab in combination with paclitaxel for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (see www.fda.gov/downloads/NewsEvents/Newsroom/UCM280546.pdf). Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against circulating vascular endothelial growth factor A, was granted accelerated FDA approval in 2008 for the first-line treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–negative metastatic breast cancer. Initial approval . . .
Pulmonary Clostridium perfringens Infection Detected by FDG Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Hongming Zhuang, Paulo S Duarte, Alan Rebenstock, Qi Feng, Abass Alavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

ZHUANG, HONGMING M.D., PH.D.; DUARTE, PAULO S. M.D.; REBENSTOCK, ALAN M.D.; FENG, QI M.D., PH.D.; ALAVI, ABASS M.D. Author Information
Abstract 2090: MicroRNAs 221/222 and genistein mediated regulation of ARHI tumor suppressor gene in prostate cancer
Authors: Yi Chen, Guoren Deng, Shahana Majid, Shranjot Saini, Saif Zaman, Gaurav Khatri, Seong O. Suh, Jan Liu, Yuichiro Tanaka, Rajvir Dahiya
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract ARHI, an imprinted tumor suppressor gene, is expressed in normal immortalized prostate epithelial cells, but is dramatically down-regulated in prostate cancer cell lines. Here we investigated the mechanisms of ARHI silencing in prostate cancer through microRNA and genistein (a dietary isoflavone from soy) mediated pathways. First, we evaluated ARHI mRNA levels by real time PCR using Q-PCR slice (48 prostate tumor and normal adjacent tissues) and protein levels by immunostaining of prostate tissue array (36 cancer, 8 matched normal adjacent tissue and 4 bone metastases). Both experiments showed down-regulation of ARHI in prostate cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. To understand the functional significance of ARHI down-regulation with regard to tumorigenesis, ARHI was over-expressed in prostate cancer PC-3 cells by introduction of ARHI plasmid followed by functional studies. Over-expression of ARHI can inhibit cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion and induced caspase-independent apoptosis. Further studies on new mechanism of ARHI down regulation showed a significant inverse relationship between ARHI and miR-221 &amp; 222 which were up-regulated in cancer cell lines. Transfection of miR-221 &amp; 222 inhibitors into PC-3 cells caused a significant induction of ARHI expression. A direct interaction of miR-221 or 222 with a target site on the 3′UTR of ARHI was confirmed by a dual luciferase pMIR-REPORT assay. Finally, we also found that genistein up-regulated ARHI by down regulating miR-221 &amp; 222 in PC-3 cells. In conclusion, ARHI is a tumor suppressor gene down regulated in prostate cancer, and over-expression of ARHI can inhibit cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion. This study demonstrates for the first time that prostate cancer cells have elevated levels of miR-221 &amp; 222 which bind to the 3′UTR of ARHI contributing to its down regulation. Genistein, a potential non-toxic chemopreventive agent restores expression of ARHI and may be an important dietary therapeutic agent for treating prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2090.
HEPATIC CAVERNOUS HEMANGIOMA: THE NEMESIS OF HEPATOBILIARY, LIVER-SPLEEN, AND HEMORRHAGIC GASTROINTESTINAL SCINTIGRAPHIC STUDIES.
Authors: M. L. Lecklitner, N. C. Dornbluth
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, and *The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX.
Abstract 5499: A descriptive epidemiological study of lobular carcinoma of the breast and the effects of normal lobular regression at menopause
Authors: Anna Yu, Amy Shah, Donald Henson
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Lobular carcinoma (LC) is a distinctive neoplasm originating in the milk producing glands and constituting about 12% of all breast cancer cases. LC differs from the more common invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) by morphology and biology. We report the results of a descriptive epidemiological study of LC and a comparison of the pathogenesis of lobular and ductal carcinoma of the breast. Methods: A total of 86,846 cases of invasive LC (ILC) from women, aged 20 to 85, were obtained from NCI's SEER Program for the years 1973-2008 in the United States. There were 20,512 cases of LC in-situ (LCIS) and 66,634 cases of ILC. For comparison, 692,201 cases of IDC and 61,569 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) were collected. The analysis compared trends, age specific rates, log-log plots, age frequencies and relative survival rates. Results: From 1973-2008, the age-adjusted rate of LC progressively increased from 5.8 to 16.4/ 100,000 women. In an age frequency analysis of age versus rate, LCIS increased to 0.22/ 100,000 women at age 50, and then declined to 0.02/100,000 women at age 80. ILC increased to 0.11/100,000 women at age 50, and then plateaued after menopause but did not decline. Log-log plots revealed parallel curves between ILC and IDC in both pre-menopausal and post-menopausal age groups. At age 50, the age specific rate of LCIS increased to 11.3/100,000 women then progressively decreased. In contrast, the age specific rate of DCIS was 22.1/100,000 women at age 50 and continued to increase after menopause. Conclusions: At menopause, the incidence of LCIS decreases as a result of lobular involution of the breast. In contrast, DCIS continues to increase. ILC does not decline but plateaus suggesting that the initiation of ILC occurs before menopause, but the tumor becomes clinically apparent only after menopause. Although morphologically different, parallel log-log plots of age specific rates and age frequency analysis suggest a similar pathogenesis for IDC and ILC even though epidemiological patterns are different. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5499. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5499
Small-bowel obstruction precipitated by bowel preparation for screening colonoscopy
Authors: J. Hlivko, E. Esber, J. Porter, C. Kefalas
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 55-year-old man with a remote history of appendectomy presented to the emergency department 24 hours after undergoing a screening colonoscopy, complaining of persistent nausea, emesis, and worsening abdominal pain that began during a split-day bowel preparation with low-volume polyethylene glycol and bisacodyl tablets. The patient reported that he developed nausea and generalized abdominal cramping after he finished the first part of bowel preparation and then developed multiple episodes of emesis after the second part. However, his vital signs and abdominal exam were unremarkable and colonoscopy was performed without difficulty. At home he had recurrent nausea, emesis, and worsening abdominal pain, and therefore went to the emergency department. His abdomen was distended, tympanitic, and diffusely tender to palpation, with hypoactive, high-pitched bowel sounds and no peritoneal signs. Plain radiographs of the abdomen revealed no free air, but did indicate distension of the proximal and mid small bowel with multiple air-fluid levels ([Fig. 1]).
Abstract 5490: The cytotoxic activity of the anti-mesothelin immunotoxin SS1P is enhanced by the PKC inhibitor enzastaurin.
Authors: Abid R. Mattoo, Ira Pastan, David Fitzgerald
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The activation of protein kinase C (PKC) contributes to tumor survival and proliferation provoking the development of inhibitory agents that may function as cancer therapeutics. Pseudomonas exotoxin-based immunotoxins are antibody-based recombinant proteins that employ an ADP-ribosylation domain for the enzymatic inhibition of protein synthesis of target cancer cells. Combining PKC inhibitors with immunotoxins was undertaken to explore possible synergy. Enzastaurin but not two other PKC inhibitors (Sortastaurin and G06976) combined with immunotoxins directed to surface mesothelin or the transferrin receptor to produce synergistic or additive cell death via apoptosis. Enhancement of killing was noted with enzastaurin concentrations of 5 uM or greater. Mechanistic insights of the combined immunotoxin-enzastaurin killing centered on the rapid complete loss of the prosurvival Bcl2 protein, Mcl-1, and the activation of caspase 3/7. Moreover, efficient cell killing was associated with loss of Akt and the BH3-only protein Bad. Enzastaurin-mediated enhanced cell killing was specific to Pseudomonas exotoxin-based immunotoxins as there was no enhancement with other agents that inhibit protein synthesis such as cycloheximide and diphtheria toxin. Immunotoxin-enzastaurin combinations could be useful for the treatment of human cancers that express mesothelin and are not efficiently killed by SS1P alone. Citation Format: Abid R. Mattoo, Ira Pastan, David Fitzgerald. The cytotoxic activity of the anti-mesothelin immunotoxin SS1P is enhanced by the PKC inhibitor enzastaurin. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5490. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5490
Choosing weapons in Barrett's esophagus
Authors: Nicholas Shaheen
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Ablative therapy for Barrett’s esophagus has heralded a new era in therapeutic endoscopy. The foundation of this approach rests on the now decades-old observation that controlled injury to the metaplastic epithelium, when combined with aggressive acid suppression, results in the regeneration of squamous, not columnar, lining [1] [2] [3]. Although this lining may be somewhat lacking with respect to mucosal barrier function [4], it expresses no cancer markers [5] and appears otherwise to be phenotypically similar to native squamous mucosa. Most importantly, successful eradication appears to be associated with a marked decrement in cancer risk, in the limited data available on this issue [6] [7].
Suppressed Hepatic Uptake of Ga-67 After Chemotherapy for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: KILLOL THAKORE, SANJAY PATEL, CAROL ANN LUTTRELL, MARIE LOUISE HAYMON, KENNETH WARD, JOSEPH SMITH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

A baseline Ga-67 study was requested for a 15-year-old girl, who was recently diagnosed with T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Pending the Ga-67 study, she was started on chemotherapy with vincristine (1.5 mg/m2), adriamycin (50 mg/m2), cyclophosphamide (1000 mg/m2), and prednisone (60 mg intravenously every 6 hours). On day 4 of chemotherapy, 5.0 mCi of Ga-67 was administered intravenously. Forty-eight and 72 hour images were obtained using a large-field-of-view gamma camera and high-energy collimator, with separate photo peak settings at 93, 185, and 296 KeV. The whole-body images demonstrated normal Ga-67 uptake in the bone marrow and physiologic Ga-67 uptake in both breasts. However, no Ga-67 uptake was identified in the liver or tumor mass. The suppressed Ga-67 uptake most probably resulted from the chemotherapy induced hyperferremia and possible competitive antagonism between Ga-67 and iron for organ receptors.
AB1159-HPR Do Our Chronic Rheumatic Patients Receive Less Support from Their Life Partners than the Acute Patients?
Authors: M. Dobroiu, M. Trandafir, L. Serban, C. Ioan, D. Vasile, R. Ionescu, F. Berghea, D. Predeteanu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Receiving a diagnosis of chronic rheumatic disease has a profound impact not only on patients, but also on their spouse (life partner). These might be affected because of fear and uncertainty of a life-long illness or by potential changes in role, quality of life, and financial threats in treatment costs and lost earnings. These changes can have a profound effect on quality of life for both parties and the long term prognostic of the rheumatic patient might be influenced. <h3>Objectives</h3> To identify the potential differences between the support offered by the life partner in the case of chronic rheumatic and shor acute diseases. <h3>Methods</h3> A structured questionnaire was developped and applied to 51 chronic rheumatic - long term -patients (LTP) and 37 patients suffering from short term (acute) illness (STP). The activities have been done during 2013 involving both outpatients and inpatients. SPSS 19 was the software used in this case. <h3>Results</h3> No major difference has been found between LTP and STP groups regarding age, sex ratio, level of education, access to health services and marital status. However LTPs receive less support from their life partners (p&lt;0.05) in areas of: understandig of emotional problems, sharring the same emotional concerns, keeping the quality of intimate live, identification of new scientific information that might improve the managment of disease. On the other side the partners of LTPs are much more aware of the finaincial impact of their partner9s disease. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our study identified a pattern addopted by the life partiners in case of chronic rheumatic diseases (LTP) that is significantly diffrent for the one of life partners of short acute diseases patients (STP). This could be the first step in the development of a communication campaign amimed to raise the quality of support the life partners are ready to offer to chronic rheumatic patients with final results in the quality of life and long term prognosis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2167
SIGNIFICANCE OF LEFT VENTRICULAR EARLY INFLOW-OUTFLOW INDEX FOR MITRAL REGURGITATION SEVERITY
Authors: Aika Matsumoto, Toshiaki Mano, Akiko Goda, Shohei Fujiwara, Masataka Sugahara, Kumiko Masai, Yuko Soyama, Tohru Masuyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
The need for sustainable regulation of tobacco products
Authors: R. Edwards, N. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Newberry and colleagues draw attention to New Zealand’s new Psychoactive Substances Act,1 a novel and potentially more sustainable approach to the regulation of these substances. Key aspects of this law are the onus put on drug manufacturers to show that their products pose only a low risk of harm and the stringent restrictions on the sale and supply of these substances.

However, the authors incorrectly state that this new …
Optimisation de la dissection sous-muqueuse œsophagienne par la méthode du Tunnel
Authors: V Lepilliez, L Mais, M Pioche, O Guillaud, V Hervieu, JC Saurin, T Ponchon
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

La résection par voie endoscopique des lésions néoplasiques superficielles de l'œsophage (sans ou à faible risque ganglionnaire) nécessite d'utiliser la technique de dissection sous muqueuse (DSM) pour les lésions de plus de 15 mm afin d'obtenir une pièce de résection en bloc avec des marges de sécurité (R0). Il s'agit d'une technique exigeante, à risque de complications, et chronophage. La DSM permet de réséquer ces tumeurs superficielles en un fragment en détachant la lésion par une dissection pas à pas du plan sous muqueux après avoir effectué une incision circonférentielle. La technique du Tunnel consiste à réaliser une incision aux pôles inférieurs et supérieurs puis à créer un «Tunnel» dans l'espace sous muqueux entre ces deux incisions puis de finir par les incisions latérales. Nous rapportons ici notre expérience de DSM œsophagienne, et comparons la méthode du tunnel versus une méthode dite standard.
PWE-081 Suspecting colorectal cancer: is the direct to test endoscopy service a viable option?
Authors: A Lawn, G Whitehouse, C Hitchins, M McFall
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The Direct to Test (DTT) system has recently been instigated to investigate suspected colorectal cancer. Patients are allocated a DTT endoscopy or an initial traditional outpatient appointment. The aim of this novel study was to detect the yield results of the DTT cohort compared to the outpatient (OPA) group, establish benefits and ascertain if this modern practice is acceptable to our patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Data collated from a Two Week Rule (TWR) database at a single centre over a 6-month period. Endoscopy, radiology and histology yield results reviewed for DTT and OPA. Questionnaires sent to DTT patients regarding satisfaction with service. Hospital ethics committee approval was gained. Simple statistical methods applied. <h3>Results</h3> 660 data sets reviewed; 335 DDT, 323 OPAs. The average age of those allocated DTT was 67.8 years, 10 years younger than the OPA group. Within the DTT cohort 5.7% had colorectal cancer (average age of 71.2 years). Majority were at an early stage in comparison to OPA cohort (Dukes A 10.5%, B 54.5%, C 18%, D 9% vs 5%, 20%, 30%, 45% respectively). The predominant symptom was rectal bleeding (52.6%). The main diagnosis for DTT was colonic polyps (21.2%). The average time to investigation 11.5 days, 16.6 days to histological diagnosis. 10.5% of OPA group had cancer but 3% were non-colorectal cancer; half were pancreatic cancer presenting with loose stools and weight loss. Cancer diagnosis was at a later stage, many inoperable. 47% diagnosed with CT as first line investigation. 85% were satisfied with the DTT. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The DTT system is an effective efficient service for the younger cohort of patient with red flag symptoms of colorectal cancer. This service can accurately and rapidly diagnose colorectal cancers so that further management can be quickly initiated, meeting national TWR targets. Polyps, precursors to malignancy, the commonest aetiology, maybe treated effectively during investigation. This service could reduce the burden on lower GI outpatient clinics, offering financial benefits and cut down waiting times. In addition, this novel study demonstrates that DTT is highly acceptable to patients. Success depends on an accurate referral by primary care with good communication between GP, specialist care and the patient and it must be emphasised to primary care and to the patient that further investigations maybe warranted following normal endoscopy. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.