tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
United we stand, divided we fall: Cognition, emotion, and the <i>moral link</i> between them
Authors: Andrea Manfrinati
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2015)

Abstract Contrary to Greene's dual-process theory of moral judgment (Greene 2013), this commentary suggests that the network view of the brain proposed by Pessoa, in which emotion and cognition may be used as labels in the context of certain behaviors, but will not map clearly into compartmentalized pieces of the brain, could represent a better explanation of the rationale behind people's moral behavior.
Case 10-2010
Authors: Daniel P. Cahill, Fred G. Barker, Kenneth R. Davis, Sanjeeva P. Kalva, Inderneel Sahai, Matthew P. Frosch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Three days before admission to this hospital, a 37-year-old, right-handed woman had vertigo, weakness and numbness of the left side, and shaking of the left leg. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at another hospital revealed a mass in the right parietal lobe of the brain. She had had an endometrial biopsy 2 weeks before admission and a dental procedure 1.5 weeks before admission. On transfer to this hospital, she did not have fever, chills, or pain. Examination revealed decreased sensation to touch on the left. Repeat MRI showed enlargement of the brain lesion. A diagnostic procedure was performed.
Aromatic Amino Acids and Modification of Parkinsonism
Authors: George C. Cotzias, Melvin H. Van Woert, Lewis M. Schiffer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE known biochemical abnormalities in Parkinson's disease consist of a decrease of melanin pigment in the substantia nigra1 , 2 and a decrease of some biogenic amines in the substantia nigra and the corpus striatum.3 These 2 defects might be interrelated, as suggested by the fact that in both melanocytes4 and sympathetic cells5 tyrosine is hydroxylated to dihydroxyphenylalanine, a common precursor in the synthesis of both melanin and catecholamines. Furthermore, both melanocytes and sympathetic cells originate from the neural crest.6 It was suggested earlier7 , 8 that the interrelations between melanogenesis and extrapyramidal disease might be of fundamental importance. It was noted that chronic . . .
MNGO-04PHASE II TRIAL OF BEVACIZUMAB IN PATIENTS WITH SURGERY AND RADIATION REFRACTORY PROGRESSIVE MENINGIOMA
Authors: Sean Grimm, Priya Kumthekar, Marc Chamberlain, David Schiff, Patrick Wen, Fabio Iwamoto, David Reardon, Benjamin Purow, Jeff Raizer
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BACKGROUND: Systemic treatment options are limited for meningioma that progress following surgery and radiotherapy. VEGF is associated with neovascularization, tumor growth, and edema in meningioma. This prospective phase II study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of bevacizumab (BEV), a VEGF ligand binding monoclonal antibody in patients with progressive benign (BM), atypical (AM), and malignant meningioma (MM) as measured by 6-month progression free survival (PFS-6). Secondary endpoints included median progression free survival (mPFS), median overall survival (mOS), and radiographic response rate (RR). METHODS: Patients with histologically confirmed BM, AM, or MM with radiographic progression were eligible. There was no limit on prior therapies. BEV was administered 10 mg/kg intravenously every two weeks. After 6 months of therapy, stable patients were eligible to switch to an every 3-week schedule of BEV (15 mg/kg). Clinical examination and imaging were performed every 4 and 8 weeks respectively for the first 6 months then every 6-12 weeks. Responses were graded using the Macdonald criteria. RESULTS: 40 patients were treated: 15 BM, 22 AM, and 13 MM. Median KPS was 80. Median age was 54 (23-81) years. Median number of BEV infusions was 16 (2-62). Best responses were stable disease (BM: 100%; AM: 86%; MM: 82%); partial response (BM: 0%; AM: 5%; MM: 0%), progressive disease (BM: 0%; AM: 5%; MM:18%). PFS-6, mPFS, and mOS were 87%, 22.5 months, 35.6 months for BM; 77%, 15.3 months, not reached for AM, and 46%, 3.7 months, 12.4 months for MM. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of progressive meningioma with BEV commonly leads to disease stabilization. The results are promising compared to a contemporary meta-analysis, in which PFS6 was 29% and 27% for BM and AM/MM respectively, but require confirmation. Toxicity was minimal and expected for BEV notwithstanding prolonged drug exposure.
Parthenogenic Origin of Benign Ovarian Teratomas
Authors: David Linder, Barbara Kaiser McCaw, Frederick Hecht
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

To determine the origin of benign cystic teratomas of the ovary, chromosome-banding studies were done on normal tissues and teratomas from five patients. The normal tissues were heterozygous (+/-) for 17 chromosome polymorphisms at or near the centromere, whereas the teratomas were uniformly homozygous (+/+ or - /-). These findings and those employing electrophoretic variants indicate that ovarian teratomas are parthenogenic tumors that arise from a single germ cell after the first meiotic division. (N Engl J Med 292:63–66, 1975)
Primary Infection with Zidovudine-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Authors: Alejo Erice, Douglas L. Mayers, David G. Strike, Kim J. Sannerud, Francine E. McCutchan, Keith Henry, Henry H. Balfour
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with reduced sensitivity to zidovudine have been isolated from patients treated with this drug for six months or more1. Resistance to zidovudine is associated with late-stage disease, low CD4 lymphocyte counts, longer antiretroviral therapy, and specific mutations in the reverse transcriptase gene of HIV-12,3. The clinical importance of infections with resistant HIV-1 isolates is not well understood. We describe a patient with symptomatic HIV-1 infection who had primary infection with a virus resistant to zidovudine, according to both phenotypic and genotypic analyses. Case Report The patient was a 20-year-old . . .
Receptor Autoimmunity in Endocrine Disorders
Authors: Franklin H. Epstein, T.J. Wilkin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

THE endocrine glands are components of feedback loops whose function is to control the concentration of substances in the circulation.1 These substances may be hormonal (e.g., thyroxine) or nonhormonal (e.g., glucose). Disorders of endocrine loops may arise in two ways. Either efficiency is lost through destruction or atrophy, or there is hypersecretion of one of the components as a result of autonomy or nonphysiologic stimulation. Circulating concentrations of the substance being controlled may rise or fall, but in either case the capacity to impose constraint is lost and disease results. The endocrine glands are particularly susceptible to autoimmunity, which may . . .
Case 40-2007
Authors: William J. Triggs, Didier Cros
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 38-year-old, right-handed man was seen in the neuromuscular unit because of weakness of the hands. Shaking of the hands had begun 8 months earlier and was followed by cramping and progressive weakness of the hands as well as weakness of the arms and legs. Electrophysiological studies showed changes suggestive of motor neuron disease.
Studying the Classics
Authors: George E. Thibault
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

A 25-year-old Hispanic woman in the 27th week of pregnancy came to the emergency room complaining of cough and shortness of breath. She reported that she had been well until two days earlier. In the past day she had also been nauseated, and she had vomited once. In the emergency room she was found to have a temperature of 38°C (100.5°F) and was thought to be dehydrated. intravenous fluids, ampicillin, and gentamicin were administered. She was given a prescription for erythromycin and sent home. She returned the next day because she was more dyspneic and explained that she had . . .
P207 Thoracic involvement in IgG4-related disease
Authors: RM Anstey, JP Corcoran, EL Culver, A Talwar, RJ Hallifax, I Psallidas, TN Cargill, CD Manganis, E Barnes, NM Rahman
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a multi-system fibro-inflammatory disorder originally described in association with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), usually but not always in the context of elevated serum IgG4 levels. Thoracic manifestations of IgG4-RD include mediastinal lymphadenopathy, lung nodules or masses, interstitial lung disease, bronchiectasis and pleural disease. The authors’ regional IgG4-RD service is one of the largest UK-based units treating patients with this condition. Specialist clinics and multidisciplinary team meetings operate alongside an active research programme. We aimed to describe the frequency with which thoracic abnormalities – either as a symptomatic presenting feature of IgG4-RD or an incidental asymptomatic finding on imaging – were present in a prospectively recruited patient cohort. <h3>Method and results</h3> Patients referred to the authors’ IgG4-RD service from 2005 onwards and confirmed as having a diagnosis of IgG4-RD were included. Diagnoses were made using established clinical criteria (HISORt for AIP and Japanese International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria for systemic disease); tissue specimens were assessed using the Boston histopathological consensus criteria where available. Patients were followed prospectively; clinicopathological data relating to presentation and clinical progress were stored in a secure database with the consent of participants. In patients without symptomatic thoracic manifestations of IgG4-RD, routine clinical imaging (CXR and CT) was reviewed where available for evidence of incidental asymptomatic disease. 61 IgG4-RD patients with thoracic imaging available were included; mean age at diagnosis was 60.3 years (SD 14.6). 43 (70.5%) patients were male. The majority of patients (85.2%) presented with features of intra-abdominal disease. 6 patients (9.8%) had evidence of symptomatic thoracic disease on the basis of clinical presentation, radiology and/or histology. A further 15 (24.6%) patients had abnormal imaging suggestive of asymptomatic thoracic IgG4-RD. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A significant proportion of IgG4-RD patients have evidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic thoracic manifestations of this multi-system disease. Respiratory physicians should consider IgG4-RD in their differential diagnosis for a range of pulmonary presentations, particularly where there is co-existing extra-thoracic organ involvement. Making a diagnosis of IgG4-RD impacts on access to established therapeutic options including corticosteroids and rituximab to which the disease is responsive in the inflammatory phase.
Sentinella: Portable gamma camera versus conventional scintigram for intraoperative sentinel lymph node detection in breast cancer.
Authors: Debashis B. Ghosh, Nikolaus Michalopoulos, Caspar Wickham, Timothy Davidson, Mohammed R. Keshtgar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

22 Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a standard practice for staging the axilla in breast cancer. Access to nuclear medicine department and sentinel node imaging remain an issue in number of hospitals in the UK and rest of the world. Preoperative scintigrams are performed to confirm uptake of radioactivity and localisation of nodes in centres where facilities are available. Sentinella is a portable imaging camera used intraoperatively to produce real time visual localisation of SLNs. Sentinella was tested in a controlled laboratory environment at our centre followed by the first use of this device in breast cancer patients from UK. Methods: Sensitivity and spatial resolution of Sentinella was compared with conventional gamma camera (CGC).Intraoperative Sentinella Scans were performed in 130 patients and their yield compared with Lymphoscintigrams from CGC. Further Sentinella scans were performed after the axilla was deemed clear by silent activity of hand held gamma probe. Results: Sentinella resolution is comparable with the CGC for objects close to the camera. Sentinella detects high radioactivity (500 kBq) faster than CGC (1 vs 2.5min). In cases of low radioactivity (10kBq) Sentinella was equally accurate and faster than CGC, when placed nearer to skin.Intra-operative Sentinella scans detected an average of 2 sentinel nodes compared to 1.4 nodes by CGC scans. Sentinella demonstrated a serial decay in activity with removal of every hot node and its LED guidance helped in detecting residual nodes. Sentinella picked up extra nodes in 5/130 cases after the axilla was found silent using hand held gamma probe. In 2/130 cases extra nodes found using Sentinella had presence of cancer that led to a complete axillary clearance. Conclusions: This data confirms the excellent sensitivity and specificity of the machine in localisation of radioactive nodes. This new imaging technique increases our pick up of SLNs intraoperatively that are missed due to inadequate visualisation and provide a superior detection compared to static scintigram imaging. This portable gamma camera can replace the use of conventional lymphoscintigrams saving camera time and cost.
Mental Breaking Points
Authors: John B. Dynes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

IF THE psychiatrist interviews servicemen who have broken down mentally day after day, month in and month out, he is likely to conclude that all men have mental breaking points; furthermore, he may wonder how it is possible that the United States is winning the war. His outlook on life and his interpretation of human behavior are apt to be colored, if not strongly influenced, by the symptoms and diseases that he finds in his patients. It is evident that all patients referred to the psychiatrist in a military hospital must have mental symptoms of some type. To decide that . . .
The H19 long noncoding RNA is a novel negative regulator of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy
Authors: Lantao Liu, Xiangbo An, Zhenhua Li, Yao Song, Linling Li, Song Zuo, Nian Liu, Guan Yang, Haijing Wang, Xuan Cheng, Youyi Zhang, Xiao Yang, Jian Wang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2016)

The H19 lncRNA, a highly abundant and conserved imprinted gene, has been implicated in many essential biological processes and diseases. However, the function of H19 in the heart remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the function and underlying mechanism of H19 in regulating cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.We first detected the expression of H19 and its encoded miR-675 in both normal and diseased hearts and verified their up-regulations in pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Adenovirus-mediated expression and a siRNA-mediated silence of H19 showed that H19 overexpression reduced cell size both at baseline and in response to phenylephrine, whereas knock-down of H19 induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Overexpression or knock-down of miR-675 in cardiomyocytes demonstrated that miR-675 also inhibited cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Moreover, inhibition of miR-675 reversed the reduction of cardiomyocyte size in H19-overexpressing cardiomyocytes, while infection with an adenovirus carrying H19 fragment without pre-miR-675 (H19-Tru) or with mutant sequences of pre-miR-675 (H19-Mut) failed to reduce cardiomyocyte size, indicating that miR-675 mediated the inhibitory effect of H19 on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. We also identified that CaMKIIδ was a direct target of miR-675 and partially mediated the effect of H19 on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Furthermore, in vivo silencing of miR-675 using a specific antagomir in a pressure overload-induced mouse model of heart failure increased cardiac CaMKIIδ expression and exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy.These findings reveal a novel function of H19-miR-675 axis targeting CaMKIIδ as a negative regulator of cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting its potential therapeutic role in cardiac diseases.
Symptoms and treatment responses of generalized anxiety disorder patients with high versus low levels of cardiovascular complaints
Authors: R Hoehn-Saric, D R McLeod, W D Zimmerli
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

Clinical observations suggest that patients with generalized anxiety disorder differ in somatic symptoms. The authors compared 28 patients with generalized anxiety disorder who had high levels of cardiovascular complaints with 32 patients with generalized anxiety disorder who had low levels of cardiovascular complaints on rating instruments, physiological measures, and use of anxiolytic medication. The two groups differed on somatic but not psychic symptoms on rating instruments. Patients with high levels of cardiovascular symptoms had higher levels of cardiac lability and required higher doses of alprazolam. These findings suggest that anxious patients with comparable levels of psychic anxiety may differ in levels of physical symptoms.
Selective Gamma-G Globulin Deficiencies in Patients with Recurrent Pyogenic Infections
Authors: Peter H. Schur, Halina Borel, Erwin W. Gelfand, Chester A. Alper, Fred S. Rosen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Three patients with lifelong susceptibility to pyogenic infections and progressive pulmonary disease were found to have selective deficiencies in their γG globulins. The serum of the first patient contained abnormally low concentrations of γG1, γG2 and γG4; the serum of the second patient was deficient in γG1, γG2 and γG3, and the third patient lacked γG1 and γG2. The serum concentrations of the other immunoglobulins were either normal or elevated. None of these abnormalities could be shown to have a genetic basis. Gamma-globulin replacement therapy prevented recurrence of infection in these patients.
Foreign health experts face sack under India’s new guidelines
Authors: Cheryl Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2016)

More than 100 government health advisers could lose their jobs in the coming months because of the Indian government’s new guidelines on consultants who are funded by “bilateral partners and multilateral organisations.”1

The guidelines, which came into force in January, state that foreign funded consultants “should not be engaged for policy formulation,” and that their role would be “limited to presentation and analysis of possible options” using available evidence.

The move is …
RTRB-08HELICAL TOMOTHERAPY-BASED CRANIOSPINAL IRRADIATION: MATURE OUTCOMES OF A PROSPECTIVE FEASIBILITY STUDY
Authors: Tejpal Gupta, Bhooshan Zade, Mahesh Upasani, Zubin Master, Reena Phurailatpam, Purna Kurkure, Hari Menon, GodaJayant Sastri, Rakesh Jalali
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

PURPOSE: To report mature outcomes in a cohort of patients treated on a prospective feasibility study of helical tomotherapy-based craniospinal irradiation (CSI). METHODS: After written informed consent, patients needing neuraxial irradiation were accrued and treated on an Institutional Review Board-approved study. Following CSI, patients received boost irradiation based upon histology and extent of disease. Concurrent chemotherapy was not given during CSI; however patients with high-risk disease received sequential adjuvant systemic chemotherapy. Patients were followed up longitudinally for survival and toxicity. RESULTS: Twenty patients (median age of 15 years) constituted the study cohort. Tomotherapy-based CSI was well tolerated with self-limiting and reversible acute toxicity. Four (20%) patients needed growth factor or platelet support during CSI. Significant late neuro-toxicity was seen in only 1 (5%) patient. None of the patients developed symptomatic radiation pneumonitis or second new malignancy. At a median follow-up of 62 months (inter-quartile range 24-71 months), the 5-year progression-free survival and overall survival (with respective standard error) for the entire cohort was 50% (+11.2%) and 55% (+11.1%) respectively. Outcomes within the cohort varied significantly; patients with favorable biology disease had good outcomes while patients with high-risk, metastatic, or recurrent disease fared poorly reflecting inherently aggressive biology. CONCLUSIONS: Helical tomotherapy is an ideal platform for planning, verification and delivery of supine CSI in clinical practice resulting in moderate, self-limiting, reversible acute toxicity and modest delayed toxicity. Patterns of failure and survival outcomes are largely dependent upon disease biology and are not any different compared to conventional techniques.
Preclinical Evaluation of Fatty Acid Synthase and EGFR Inhibition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Ariadna Giró-Perafita, Sònia Palomeras, David H. Lum, Adriana Blancafort, Gemma Viñas, Glòria Oliveras, Ferran Pérez-Bueno, Ariadna Sarrats, Alana L. Welm, Teresa Puig
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Purpose: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks an approved targeted therapy. Despite initial good response to chemotherapy, 30% of the patients relapse within 5 years after treatment. EGFR overexpression is a common marker in TNBC, and its expression has been correlated with poor outcome. Inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN) activity leads to apoptosis of human carcinoma cells overexpressing FASN. We tested the hypothesis that blocking FASN in combination with anti-EGFR signaling agents would be an effective antitumor strategy in sensitive and chemoresistant TNBC. Experimental Design: Several TNBC cell lines and 29 primary tumors were included to determine whether FASN is a potential target in TNBC. Doxorubicin-resistant TNBC cell lines (231DXR and HCCDXR) have been developed and characterized in our laboratory. Cellular and molecular interactions of anti-FASN compounds (EGCG and C75) with cetuximab were analyzed. In vivo tumor growth inhibition was evaluated after cetuximab, EGCG, or the combination in TNBC orthoxenograft models. Results: TNBC cell lines showed overexpression of FASN enzyme and its inhibition correlated to FASN levels. FASN staining was observed in all of the 29 TNBC tumor samples. In vitro, EGCG and C75 plus cetuximab showed strong synergism in sensitive and chemoresistant cells. In vivo, the combination of EGCG with cetuximab displayed strong antitumor activity against the sensitive and chemoresistant TNBC orthoxenografts, without signs of toxicity. Conclusions: Our results show that the simultaneous blockade of FASN and EGFR is effective in preclinical models of sensitive and chemoresistant TNBC. Clin Cancer Res; 22(18); 4687–97. ©2016 AACR.
Retraction: Stricker RB, Abrams DI, Corash L, Shuman MA. Target platelet antigen in homosexual men with immune thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med 1985; 313:1375-80.
Authors: Marc A. Shuman, Laurence Corash, Donald I. Abrams, Karl J. Hittelman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Correspondence from The New England Journal of Medicine — Retraction: Stricker RB, Abrams DI, Corash L, Shuman MA. Target platelet antigen in homosexual men with immune thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med 1985; 313:1375-80.