tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 16722: Changes in Carotid Wall Morphology and Plaque Composition in Patients With Established Vascular Disease and Treated With Intensive Lipid Therapy in the AIM-HIGH Study
Authors: Xue-Qiao Zhao, Thomas Hatsukami, Daniel Hippe, Daniel Isquith, Jie Sun, Niranjan Balu, Moni B Neradilek, Kiyofumi Yamada, Gador Canton, John R Crouse, Todd J Anderson, John Huston, Nayak Polissar, Kevin D O’Brien, Chun Yuan
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Objective: Changes in carotid wall morphology (MORPH) and plaque composition (COMP) over 2 years (yrs) of intensive lipid therapy by plaque types were investigated in AIM-HIGH. Methods: Qualified baseline and 2-yr follow-up scans were obtained in 156 AIM-HIGH subjects. MR images were analyzed by independent Core Lab reviewers using published criteria for quantifications of MORPH and COMP. MORPH included volumes of total vessel (TVV), lumen (LV), wall (WV=TVV-LV) and fibrous tissue (FTV) in mm3 and %WV was calculated using the formula: (WV/TVV) X 100% in all available slices. COMP focused on percentages of lipid-rich necrotic core (%LRNC), FT (%FT) and calcium (%CA) calculated using the formula: (LRNC, FT or CA V/WV) x 100% using the slices containing LRNC. Of 156, 89 were in statin+placebo for extended-release niacin (ERN) and 67 in statin+ERN groups. Changes in MORPH and COMP were compared between the 2 treatment groups and between plaque types: w/o LRNC (n=76), w/ LRNC but w/o intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) (n=62), w/ LRNC &amp; IPH (n=18). Results: In the 76 subjects w/o LRNC, there were significant increases in TVV (24±52 mm3/yr, p&lt;0.001), LV (14±40 mm3/yr, p&lt;0.01), WV (10±26 mm3/yr, p=0.002) and FTV (10±26 mm3/yr, p=0.002) while %WV was relatively stable (0.04±1.0%, p=0.48) over 2yrs. In the 62 w/ LRNC but w/o IPH, the slices containing LRNC showed a significant decrease in %LRNC (1.05±2.6%/yr, p=0.001) and significant increases in %FT (0.85±2.7%/yr, p=0.01) and %CA (0.20±0.63%/yr, p=0.002), although corresponding MORPH did not change significantly. By contrast, LRNC plaques w/ IPH tended to increase in %LRNC (1.4±3.2/yr) and decrease in %FT (1.4±3.0%/yr). These rates were significantly different from those of the LRNC plaques w/o IPH (p=0.008 and 0.012, respectively). These MORPH and COMP measures did not differ significantly between statin+placebo and statin+ERN groups. Conclusions: Intensive lipid therapy with statin or statin plus ERN significantly associated with positive MORPH remodeling in plaques w/o LRNC. Plaques w/ LRNC experienced COMP improvement without significant MORPH changes. However, the COMP improvement was not seen in plaques w/ IPH. These results indicate that plaques in different disease stages respond to lipid therapy differently.
The Eye Manifestations of Internal Diseases
Authors: R BUXEDA
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Prevalence of Resident-to-Resident Elder Mistreatment in Nursing Homes
Authors: Mark S. Lachs, Jeanne A. Teresi, Mildred Ramirez, Kimberly van Haitsma, Stephanie Silver, Joseph P. Eimicke, Gabriel Boratgis, Gail Sukha, Jian Kong, Alexandra M. Besas, Maria Reyes Luna, Karl A. Pillemer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

Background: Resident-to-resident elder mistreatment (R-REM) in nursing homes can cause physical and psychological injury and death, yet its prevalence remains unknown. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of physical, verbal, and sexual R-REM in nursing home residents and subgroups. Design: 1-month observational prevalence study. Setting: 5 urban and 5 suburban New York state nursing homes. Participants: 2011 residents in 10 facilities randomly selected on the basis of size and location; 83% of facilities and 84% of eligible residents participated. Measurements: R-REM was identified through resident interviews, staff interviews, shift coupons, observation, chart review, and accident or incident reports. Results: 407 of 2011 residents experienced at least 1 R-REM event; the total 1-month prevalence was 20.2% (95% CI, 18.1% to 22.5%). The most common forms were verbal (9.1% [CI, 7.7% to 10.8%]), other (such as invasion of privacy or menacing gestures) (5.3% [CI, 4.4% to 6.4%]), physical (5.2% [CI, 4.1% to 6.5%]), and sexual (0.6% [CI, 0.3% to 1.1%]). Several clinical and contextual factors (for example, lower vs. severe levels of cognitive impairment, residing on a dementia unit, and higher nurse aide caseload) were associated with higher estimated rates of R-REM. Limitations: Most facilities were relatively large. All R-REM cases may not have been detected; resident and staff reporting may be subject to recall bias. Conclusion: R-REM in nursing homes is highly prevalent. Verbal R-REM is most common, but physical mistreatment also occurs frequently. Because R-REM can cause injury or death, strategies are urgently needed to better understand its causes so that prevention strategies can be developed. Primary Funding Source: National Institute on Aging.
Congenital Tracheobiliary Fistula Shown on 99mTc-EHIDA Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy
Authors: Leilei Yuan, Haiming Yang, Jigang Yang, Daqing Ma
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 1-year 5-month-old male patient had a history of recurrent cough and pneumonia, which required antibiotics and bronchodilators. CT suggested the possibility of congenital tracheobiliary fistula. However, a diagnosis could not be made based on CT alone. A Tc-EHIDA hepatobiliary scintigraphy was then performed, which led to a definite diagnosis of tracheobiliary fistula.
HG-62NEEDS AND MEANS OF POSTMORTEM BRAIN TUMOR DONATION AND COORDINATION: ONE CENTER'S EXPERIENCE
Authors: Madhuri Kambhampati, Jamila Gittens, Cheng-Ying Ho, Sridevi Yadavilli, Eshini Panditharatna, Mojca Stampar, Lindsay Kilburn, Eugene I. Hwang, Brian Rood, Roger J. Packer, Javad Nazarian
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Interviewing bipolar patients and their families
Authors: B G Waters, I Marchenko-Bouer, D R Offord
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

The authors report on the case ascertainment phase of a pedigree study of patients with bipolar affective disorder. The nature of the research interview, which necessarily probes for symptoms and signs of affective disorder, appeared to have a provocative effect on some subjects by exposing heavily defended conflicts related to the expression of affect. Although such studies are necessary, researchers must be sensitive to the needs of their subjects and not regard the ascertainment interview as benign and uncathected.
Judge overturns ruling on patent after finding Merck lied to court
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Citing a “pervasive pattern of misconduct by Merck and its agents,” a California federal judge has stripped the company of its right to enforce patent claims against its rival Gilead Sciences over Gilead’s best selling hepatitis C treatments.1

The decision came just three months after Merck won a patent infringement case against Gilead, winning $200m (£140m; $180m) in damages and the potentially far more lucrative right to pursue royalties on sales of the drugs, sofosbuvir (which Gilead markets as Sovaldi) and ledipasvir with sofosbuvir (Harvoni), which so far have earned Gilead $23bn.

Merck will not now collect that money, after the US district court judge Beth Labson Freeman found that a retired Merck scientist and lawyer “intentionally fabricated testimony” and …
RO-24CONVENTIONAL FRACTIONATION WITH CYBERKNIFE<sup>®</sup>REDUCES VOLUME OF IRRADIATED TISSUE AND YIELDS EXCELLENT LOCAL CONTROL IN PEDIATRIC PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS
Authors: Osama Mohamad, Zabi Wardak, Daniel Bowers, Anh Le, Ramzi Abdulrahman, Lynn Gargan, Laura Klesse, Bradley Weprin, Dale Swift, Angela Price, Chuxiong Ding, Fred Sklar, Bruno Braga, Robert Timmerman
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
HG-57RE-IRRADIATION IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMAS, AN UPDATE ON THE CANADIAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Alvaro Lassaletta, Ute Bartels, Douglas Strother, Juliette Hukin, M.I. Vanan, Dennis Ku, Norman Laperriere, Karen Goddard, Lucie Lafay-Cousin, Jennifer Adamski, Michal Zapotocky, Revathi Rajagopal, Vijay Ramaswamy, Uri Tabori, Annie Huang, Tara McKeown, Eric Bouffet
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Metabolic adaptation of skeletal muscle to hyperammonemia drives the beneficial effects of l-leucine in cirrhosis
Authors: Gangarao Davuluri, Dawid Krokowski, Bo-Jhih Guan, Avinash Kumar, Samjhana Thapaliya, Dharmvir Singh, Maria Hatzoglou, Srinivasan Dasarathy
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
Liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) version 2014: understanding and application of the diagnostic algorithm
Authors: Chansik An, Gulbahor Rakhmonova, Jin-Young Choi, Myeong-Jin Kim
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2016)

Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) is a system for interpreting and reporting of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the liver in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). LI-RADS has been developed to address the limitations of prior imaging-based criteria including the lack of established consensus regarding the exact definitions of imaging features, binary categorization (either definite or not definite HCC), and failure to consider non-HCC malignancies. One of the most important goals of LI-RADS is to facilitate clear communication between all the personnel involved in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC, such as radiologists, hepatologists, surgeons, and pathologists. Therefore, clinicians should also be familiar with LI-RADS. This article reviews the LI-RADS diagnostic algorithm, and the definitions and management implications of LI-RADS categories. Keywords: Hepatocellular; Carcinoma; Guideline; Diagnosis; Algorithms
New data on illness in elite sport: are immediate flights home after competition a changeable risk factor?
Authors: Hilde Moseby Berge, Ben Clarsen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

There has been a lot of focus on the prevention of injuries in sport, while the prevention of illnesses has sparsely been studied. Hence, the papers by Svendsen et al 1 and Bjorneboe et al 2 describing the incidence of illnesses in cross-country skiers and soccer players, respectively, are valuable contributions. In this, the first of two editorials we discuss those athletes most prone to illness, and how to modify their risk.

The cross-country skiers reported 3.4 illness events and 19 days of symptoms per year, while the soccer players experienced 0.4 illnesses per season. Median duration of symptoms in cross-country skiers was 5 days, compared to 3 days of absence from training or match play in soccer players. These numbers might not represent a true difference though, since the soccer players could have returned to play with some remaining symptoms, hence decreasing the median and only symptoms that lasted two or more consecutive days were reported for cross-country skiers, hence increasing …
Adjuvant hyperthermia for extremity melanomas.
Authors: J R Oleson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1991.9.12.2085 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 1960547 Adjuvant hyperthermia for extremity melanomas. J R OlesonxJ R OlesonSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1991.9.12.2085 First Page PDF © 1991 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
“Ethics and Clinical Research” — The 50th Anniversary of Beecher’s Bombshell
Authors: David S. Jones, Christine Grady, Susan E. Lederer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

Fifty years ago, Henry Beecher warned about serious problems with human-subjects research in the United States and exhorted researchers to reform. Research regulations proliferated in the ensuing decades, but new policies and procedures have not resolved every dilemma.
Increases in prolactin levels following bilateral and unilateral ECT
Authors: Y Papakostas, C Stefanis, A Sinouri, G Trikkas, G Papadimitriou, S Pittoulis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

Plasma prolactin levels were studied after bilateral and unilateral ECT in eight female melancholic patients. Although prolactin levels were higher after both treatments, patients who received bilateral ECT had significantly higher prolactin levels than did those who received unilateral ECT.
Estimation of Benefits, Burden, and Harms of Colorectal Cancer Screening Strategies
Authors: Amy B. Knudsen, Ann G. Zauber, Carolyn M. Rutter, Steffie K. Naber, V. Paul Doria-Rose, Chester Pabiniak, Colden Johanson, Sara E. Fischer, Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar, Karen M. Kuntz
Journal: JAMA (2016)

The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) is updating its 2008 colorectal cancer (CRC) screening recommendations.
NICE backs laser treatment for men with enlarged prostate
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has recommended laser treatment for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia who are not at high risk of complications.1

The medical technology guidance supports use of the GreenLight XPS laser system in men who are not at increased risk of bleeding, whose prostates are smaller than 100 mL, and who do not have urinary retention. It says that not enough evidence exists to recommend laser treatment …
Viral marker rates among unpaid blood donors in Europe decreased from 1990 to 1996
Authors: K Müller-Breitkreutz, T Evers, R Perry
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1998)

Not for profit plasma fractionators in Europe believe that the standardised measurement and reporting of such epidemiological data is a key issue for public health. Accordingly, under the auspices of the European Plasma Fractionation Association (EPFA), t
Pituitary Growth Hormone and Seromucoid&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Henry D. Moon, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1960)

The seromucoid of rats with intact pituitary glands was increased only slightly by the administration of large amounts of bovine pituitary growth hormone. In hypophysectomized rats the serum mucoproteins were significantly lower than in intact rats. Hypophysectomized rats responded to daily injections of growth hormone, in amounts as low as 0.025 mg., by an increase in the seromucoid levels. The increase in seromucoid was proportional to the dose of pituitary growth hormone.
Once-Daily Liraglutide Versus Lixisenatide as Add-on to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A 26-Week Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Michael Nauck, Manfredi Rizzo, Andrew Johnson, Heidrun Bosch-Traberg, Jesper Madsen, Bertrand Cariou
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

To compare the efficacy and safety of liraglutide versus lixisenatide as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes not achieving adequate glycemic control on metformin alone.In this 26-week, randomized, parallel-group, open-label trial, 404 patients were randomized 1:1 to liraglutide 1.8 mg or lixisenatide 20 µg as add-on to metformin. Liraglutide was administered once daily at any time of the day. Lixisenatide was administered once daily within 1 h prior to the morning or evening meal.At week 26, liraglutide reduced HbA1c (primary end point) more than lixisenatide (estimated treatment difference -0.62% [95% CI -0.8; -0.4]; P < 0.0001), with more patients reaching HbA1c <7% (53 mmol/mol) and ≤6.5% (48 mmol/mol) versus lixisenatide (74.2% and 54.6% for liraglutide vs. 45.5% and 26.2% for lixisenatide; P < 0.0001 for both). Liraglutide reduced fasting plasma glucose more than lixisenatide (estimated treatment difference -1.15 mmol/L [95% CI -1.5; -0.8]; P < 0.0001). Liraglutide provided greater reduction in mean 9-point self-measured plasma glucose (P < 0.0001). However, postprandial glucose increments were smaller with lixisenatide for the meal directly after injection compared with liraglutide (P < 0.05), with no differences between treatments across all meals. Both drugs promoted similar body weight decrease (-4.3 kg for liraglutide, -3.7 kg for lixisenatide; P = 0.23). The most common adverse events in both groups were gastrointestinal disorders. Greater increases in pulse, lipase, and amylase were observed with liraglutide. Hypoglycemic episodes were rare and similar between the two treatments.At the dose levels studied, liraglutide was more effective than lixisenatide as add-on to metformin in improving glycemic control. Body weight reductions were similar. Both treatments were well tolerated, with low risk of hypoglycemia and similar gastrointestinal adverse event profiles.
Intratumoral Immune Cell Densities Are Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma Gene Alterations
Authors: Audrey Mansuet-Lupo, Marco Alifano, Nicolas Pécuchet, Jérôme Biton, Etienne Becht, Jeremy Goc, Claire Germain, Hanane Ouakrim, Jean-François Régnard, Isabelle Cremer, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean, Hélène Blons, Diane Damotte
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)

Tumor-infiltrating immune cells affect lung cancer outcome. However, the factors that influence the composition and function of the tumor immune environment remain poorly defined and need investigation, particularly in the era of immunotherapy.To determine whether the tumoral immune environment is related to lung adenocarcinoma mutations.This retrospective cohort included 316 consecutive patients with lung adenocarcinoma (225 men; 258 smokers) studied from 2001 to 2005 in a single center. We investigated the association of densities of intratumoral mature dendritic cells (mDCs), CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages with clinical and pathological variables and tumor cell mutation profiles obtained by next-generation sequencing.In 282 tumors, we found 460 mutations, mainly in TP53 (59%), KRAS (40%), STK11 (24%), and EGFR (14%). Intratumoral CD8+ T-cell density was high in smokers (P = 0.02) and TP53-mutated tumors (P = 0.02) and low in BRAF-mutated tumors (P = 0.005). Intratumoral mDC density was high with low pathological tumor stage (P = 0.01) and low with STK11 mutation (P = 0.004). Intratumoral neutrophil density was high and low with BRAF mutation (P = 0.04) and EGFR mutation (P = 0.02), respectively. Intratumoral macrophage density was low with EGFR mutation (P = 0.01). Intratumoral CD8+ T-cell and mDC densities remained strong independent markers of overall survival (P = 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively).Intratumoral immune cell densities (mDCs, CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages) were significantly associated with molecular alterations in adenocarcinoma underlying the interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment.
A comparison of patients who refuse and consent to neuroleptic treatment
Authors: S R Marder, A Mebane, C P Chien, W J Winslade, E Swann, T Van Putten
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

A recently enacted regulation in California requires that voluntary mental patients give signed informed consent for treatment with antipsychotic drugs. To evaluate the law's effects on schizophrenic patients, the authors compared 15 patients who refused to give consent with a matched group of 15 who gave consent. Refusers had significantly higher scores on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale for conceptual disorganization, emotional withdrawal, and unusual thought content. They were also more hostile, uncooperative, and mistrustful of the treatment team and more likely to believe they were not ill. The authors raise questions regarding the most appropriate consent process for schizophrenic patients.
Methanobactin reverses acute liver failure in a rat model of Wilson disease
Authors: Josef Lichtmannegger, Christin Leitzinger, Ralf Wimmer, Sabine Schmitt, Sabine Schulz, Yaschar Kabiri, Carola Eberhagen, Tamara Rieder, Dirk Janik, Frauke Neff, Beate K. Straub, Peter Schirmacher, Alan A. DiSpirito, Nathan Bandow, Bipin S. Baral, Andrew Flatley, Elisabeth Kremmer, Gerald Denk, Florian P. Reiter, Simon Hohenester, Friedericke Eckardt-Schupp, Norbert A. Dencher, Jerzy Adamski, Vanessa Sauer, Christoph Niemietz, Hartmut H.J. Schmidt, Uta Merle, Daniel Nils Gotthardt, Guido Kroemer, Karl Heinz Weiss, Hans Zischka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

In Wilson disease (WD), functional loss of ATPase copper-transporting β (ATP7B) impairs biliary copper excretion, leading to excessive copper accumulation in the liver and fulminant hepatitis. Current US Food and Drug Administration- and European Medicines Agency-approved pharmacological treatments usually fail to restore copper homeostasis in patients with WD who have progressed to acute liver failure, leaving liver transplantation as the only viable treatment option. Here, we investigated the therapeutic utility of methanobactin (MB), a peptide produced by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, which has an exceptionally high affinity for copper. We demonstrated that ATP7B-deficient rats recapitulate WD-associated phenotypes, including hepatic copper accumulation, liver damage, and mitochondrial impairment. Short-term treatment of these rats with MB efficiently reversed mitochondrial impairment and liver damage in the acute stages of liver copper accumulation compared with that seen in untreated ATP7B-deficient rats. This beneficial effect was associated with depletion of copper from hepatocyte mitochondria. Moreover, MB treatment prevented hepatocyte death, subsequent liver failure, and death in the rodent model. These results suggest that MB has potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of acute WD.
Impact Of Epstein-Barr Viral Infection In The Regression Of Methotrexate-Induced Lymphoproliferative Diseases In Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Tokuhira Michihide, Kimura Yuhta, Takahashi Yasuyuki, Tomikawa Tatsuki, Morihiko Sagawa, Tomoe Anan, Higashi Morihiro, Itoyama Shinji, Tamaru Jun-ichi, Okuyama Ayumi, Amano Koichi, Tabayashi Takayuki, Reiko Watanabe, Shigehisa Mori, Masahiro Kizaki
Journal: Blood (2013)