tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Losing a marble
Authors: Adrian Iordache, Paul Young
Journal: BMJ (2016)

A 44 year old woman with no medical history presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, and lack of bowel movement for four days. Apart from an increased bilirubin level (32 μmol/L, range: <21 μmol/L) blood markers were unremarkable. What is the eponymous radiological finding and diagnosis in this plain abdominal radiograph (fig 1⇓)?



Fig 1 

Rigler’s triad, pathognomic of …
Caplan’s Stroke: A Clinical Approach
Authors: Ian B. Ross
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cognate HLA absence in trans diminishes human NK cell education
Authors: Vanessa Landtwing, Ana Raykova, Gaetana Pezzino, Vivien Béziat, Emanuela Marcenaro, Claudine Graf, Alessandro Moretta, Riccarda Capaul, Andrea Zbinden, Guido Ferlazzo, Karl-Johan Malmberg, Obinna Chijioke, Christian Münz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

NK cells are innate lymphocytes with protective functions against viral infections and tumor formation. Human NK cells carry inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs), which recognize distinct HLAs. NK cells with KIRs for self-HLA molecules acquire superior cytotoxicity against HLA- tumor cells during education for improved missing-self recognition. Here, we reconstituted mice with human hematopoietic cells from donors with homozygous KIR ligands or with a mix of hematopoietic cells from these homozygous donors, allowing assessment of the resulting KIR repertoire and NK cell education. We found that co-reconstitution with 2 KIR ligand-mismatched compartments did not alter the frequency of KIR-expressing NK cells. However, NK cell education was diminished in mice reconstituted with parallel HLA compartments due to a lack of cognate HLA molecules on leukocytes for the corresponding KIRs. This change in NK cell education in mixed human donor-reconstituted mice improved NK cell-mediated immune control of EBV infection, indicating that mixed hematopoietic cell populations could be exploited to improve NK cell reactivity against leukotropic pathogens. Taken together, these findings indicate that leukocytes lacking cognate HLA ligands can disarm KIR+ NK cells in a manner that may decrease HLA- tumor cell recognition but allows for improved NK cell-mediated immune control of a human γ-herpesvirus.
Is Justification of Animal Research Necessary?
Authors: Mark H. Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In his article in the October 7, 1992, issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Dr Vance<sup>1</sup>suggests that perhaps the most formidable criticisms against the animal liberation/rights movement (ALRM) can be culled from discussions among their own philosophical leaders. As a professional philosopher who has published and worked extensively in the area of animal liberation, I believe a few comments are required. Vance is to be congratulated for his unpatronizing attitude toward the philosophical contingent of the ALRM. He correctly depicts Peter Singer and Tom Regan as the two major contemporary leaders, and given his quite limited space, fairly characterizes their two different approaches. Although he overstates the case when he claims that Singer and Regan demonstrate the mutual "incoherence of their philosophical presuppositions," his major oversight is his blindness of the implications of his discussion for those who favor medical experimentation in animals. All positions have suppositions, and
Training for Effective Patient Communication
Authors: Masako Sugihara
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Estimating Inorganic Arsenic Exposure from U.S. Rice and Total Water Intakes
Authors: Madhavi Mantha, Edward Yeary, John Trent, Patricia A. Creed, Kevin Kubachka, Traci Hanley, Nohora Shockey, Douglas Heitkemper, Joseph Caruso, Jianping Xue, Glenn Rice, Larry Wymer, John T. Creed
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Among nonoccupationally exposed U.S. residents, drinking water and diet are considered primary exposure pathways for inorganic arsenic (iAs). In drinking water, iAs is the primary form of arsenic (As), while dietary As speciation techniques are used to differentiate iAs from less toxic arsenicals in food matrices.
Final results of the TANIA randomised phase III trial of bevacizumab after progression on first-line bevacizumab therapy for HER2-negative locally recurrent/metastatic breast cancer
Authors: E. Vrdoljak, N. Marschner, C. Zielinski, J. Gligorov, J. Cortes, F. Puglisi, M. Aapro, L. Fallowfield, A. Fontana, M. Inbar, Z. Kahan, A. Welt, C. Lévy, E. Brain, X. Pivot, C. Putzu, A. González Martín, S. de Ducla, V. Easton, G. von Minckwitz
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Оцінка ефективності застосування есенціальних фосфоліпідів у хворих на хронічний вірусний гепатит С
Authors: Yu.М. Stepanov, S.L. Melanich, V.B. Yahmur, I.A. Klenina, I.S. Konenko
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2016)

У дослідженні проведено оцінку ефективності застосування есенціальних фосфоліпідів у хворих на хронічний вірусний гепатит С. Досягнута позитивна динаміка клінічної симптоматики, функціональних проб печінки, показників ліпідного обміну і даних еластографії, що підтверджує протизапальний, мембраностабілізуючий, репаративний та антифібротичний ефекти есенціальних фосфоліпідів.
PD-1 Blockade with Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Relapsed/Refractory CLL Including Richter Transformation: An Early Efficacy Report from a Phase 2 Trial (MC1485)
Authors: Wei Ding, Haidong Dong, Timothy G. Call, Tait D. Shanafelt, Sameer A. Parikh, Jose F. Leis, Betsy R. Laplant, Rong He, Thomas E. Witzig, Yi Lin, Asher Chanan-Khan, Deborah A. Bowen, Michael Conte, Thomas M. Habermann, David Viswanatha, Ivana Micallef, Neil E. Kay, Stephen Ansell
Journal: Blood (2015)
NDEL1-PDGFRB fusion gene in a myeloid malignancy with eosinophilia associated with resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: K Byrgazov, R Kastner, M Gorna, G Hoermann, M Koenig, C B Lucini, R Ulreich, M Benesch, V Strenger, H Lackner, W Schwinger, P Sovinz, O A Haas, M van den Heuvel-Eibrink, C M Niemeyer, O Hantschel, P Valent, G Superti-Furga, C Urban, M N Dworzak, T Lion
Journal: Leukemia (2015)

NDEL1-PDGFRB  fusion gene in a myeloid malignancy with eosinophilia associated with resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Association between 3-year (yr) disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) delayed with improved survival after recurrence (rec) in patients receiving cytotoxic adjuvant therapy for colon cancer: Findings from the 20,800 patient (pt) ACCENT dataset
Authors: A. de Gramont
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

4007 Background: We previously validated 3 yr DFS as an endpoint in adjuvant colon cancer clinical trials (ACCCT), based on associations with 5 yr OS outcomes, in patients treated in the 5-FU alone era. New therapies (rx) (oxaliplatin, irinotecan, bevacizumab, cetuximab, panitumumab) have extended survival following rec from 1 yr with 5-FU alone to approximately 2 yrs. We used the ACCENT database to examine the impact of this improvement on ACCCT endpoints. Methods: The dataset assembled by ACCENT, a collection of individual pt data from 18 trials and over 20,800 pts testing 5-FU based adjuvant rx for pts with stage II and III colon cancer, was analyzed. To estimate the effect of longer survival following rec, in an exploratory fashion, for each pt who recurred, their time from rec to death was doubled (hypothetical dataset), with all other factors remaining identical. Analyses assume newer rx may affect the rec rate, but not the time- patterns of rec. Results: 7269 of 20,898 (35%) of pts experienced rec. Median time from rec to death was 12 mo in the original and 24 in the hypothetical dataset. Primary results are shown in the table. In the original dataset, 3 yr DFS was highly predictive of both 5 and 6 yr OS. The association between 3 yr DFS and 5 yr OS deteriorated substantially in the hypothetical dataset, but remained strong between 3 yr DFS and 6 yr OS, although not as strong as in the original dataset. Multiple sensitivity analyses provided consistent findings. Conclusions: Extended survival following rec reduces the association between 3 yr DFS and 5 yr OS. In modern ACCCT, with extended survival following rec, therapeutic benefits on DFS may require more than 5 years to translate into meaningful OS improvements. The extended follow-up required to observe OS improvements further supports using DFS not only as a surrogate endpoint for survival but as a full endpoint in future ACCCT. Association between 3 yr DFS and 5 and 6 yr OS for actual and hypothetical datasets Dataset 5-Year OS 6-Year OS Spearman Correlation R2 Spearman Correlation R2 Actual 0.89 0.73 0.94 0.80 Hypothetical 0.75 0.43 0.89 0.68 Spearman correlation of within trial hazard ratios and R2 from surrogate model span from 0 to 1 No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Humans are ultrasocial <i>and</i> emotional
Authors: Lisa A Williams, Eliza Bliss-Moreau
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2016)

Abstract Given the highly social nature of the human emotion system, it is likely that it subserved the evolution of ultrasociality. We review how the experience and functions of human emotions enable social processes that promote ultrasociality (e.g., cooperation). We also point out that emotion may represent one route to redress one of the negative consequences of ultrasociality: ecosystem domination.
Economic and Social Burden of Multiple Myeloma in Italy: The Co.Mi.M. Study
Authors: Maria Teresa Petrucci, Elisabetta Calabrese, Anna Levi, Vincenzo Federico, Michela Ceccolini, Rita Rizzi, Alessandro Gozzetti, Patrizia Falco, Maria Caterina Cavallo, Simone Gerzelli, Mario Boccadoro, Francesco Lauria, Vincenzo Liso, Michele Cavo, Robert Foa
Journal: Blood (2008)
Primary T-cell immunodeficiency with functional revertant somatic mosaicism in CD247
Authors: Ana V. Marin, Anaïs Jiménez-Reinoso, Alejandro C. Briones, Miguel Muñoz-Ruiz, Cigdem Aydogmus, Luke J. Pasick, Jorge Couso, Marina S. Mazariegos, Angel F. Alvarez-Prado, Alfonso Blázquez-Moreno, Funda E. Cipe, Sule Haskologlu, Figen Dogu, Matías Morín, Miguel A. Moreno-Pelayo, Félix García-Sánchez, Juana Gil-Herrera, Edgar Fernández-Malavé, Hugh T. Reyburn, Almudena R. Ramiro, Aydan Ikinciogullari, Maria J. Recio, Jose R. Regueiro, Beatriz Garcillán
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Outcomes among Patients with Relapsed Malignant Lymphoma after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Ryuji Tanosaki, Sung-Won Kim, Yoshitaka Asakura, Saiko Kurosawa, Kimikazu Yakushijin, Teruhisa Azuma, Shin-ichiro Mori, Takahiro Fukuda, Kensei Tobinai, Yoichi Takaue
Journal: Blood (2008)
Gene Transcriptional Activity Analysis in the 6q Region in Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (WM) Using ChIP-on-Chip Technology
Authors: Xavier Leleu, Fangxin Hong, Aldo M. Roccaro, Xiaoying Jia, Antonio Sacco, Anne-Sophie Moreau, Hai Ngo, Abdel kareem Azab, Feda Azab, Molly Melhem, Kenneth C. Anderson, Irene M. Ghobrial
Journal: Blood (2008)
ICEs require skilled communication
Authors: John E Sandars
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Snow clearly highlights the amateur attempts to identify a person’s belief system.1 The scene described is reminiscent of watching a fledgling magician perform a trick, where the audience simply cringes at what they see.

I remember the days when David Pendleton and colleagues enthusiastically introduced the concept of ICEs (ideas, concerns, and expectations) into …
PI3K-Alpha Plays A Major Role In Multiple Myeloma and Its Inhibition With BYL917 Decreases Proliferation, Synergizes With Other Therapies and Overcomes Stroma-Induced Resistance
Authors: Feda Azab, Shireen Vali, Nicholas Potter, Joseph Abraham, Barbara Muz, Pilar De La Puente, Taher Abbasi, Ravi Vij, Abdel Kareem Azab
Journal: Blood (2013)
Impact Of The Pretreatment Characteristics As Well As Cyto- and Molecular-Genetic Profile On Outcome After Relapse In Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Richard F. Schlenk, Peter Frech, Sabine Kayser, Daniela Späth, Peter Brossart, Heinz-August Horst, Doris M Kraemer, Gerhard Held, Mark Ringhoffer, Alexander Burchardt, Andrea Kündgen, Katharina Goetze, David Nachbaur, Thomas Kindler, Michael Lübbert, Helmut R. Salih, Hans Salwender, Gerald Wulf, Elisabeth Koller, Mohammed Wattad, Walter Fiedler, Stephan Kremers, Heinz Kirchen, Bernd Hertenstein, Peter Paschka, Verena I. Gaidzik, Veronica Teleanu, Michael Heuser, Felicitas Thol, Arnold Ganser, Konstanze Döhner, Hartmut Döhner
Journal: Blood (2013)
Characterization of 25-OH vitamin D (Vit D) and factors associated with obesity in patients with high-risk breast cancer (BC): NCIC CTG MA.21.
Authors: E. V. Tsvetkova, J. W. Chapman, T. D. Baetz, M. J. Burnell, K. A. Gelmon, N. Pu, P. O'Brien, L. E. Shepherd, P. J. Goodwin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

1578 Background: Obesity (associated with poor BC outcomes) has been inversely associated with Vit D which, in turn, has been inconsistently associated with BC outcomes. We evaluated Vitamin D and its relationship to obesity related factors in a RCT of adjuvant chemotherapy in BC. Methods: 2,104 patients ≤ 60 years were enrolled onto NCIC CTG MA.21 and randomized to CEF, EC/T or AC/T. Serum was collected prerandomization from 934 patients. Vit D was assayed by radioimmunoassay (DIASORIN, Stillwater, MN). To examine Vit D associations we calculated Spearman correlation coefficients for age (years), estradiol, IGF-1, SHBG, insulin, leptin, glucose, BMI, HOMA (homeostasis model assessment, an estimate of insulin sensitivity) and we calculated ANOVA for season of blood draw, race, menopausal status, ECOG PS, nodal status, surgery, ER, grade. Multivariate Fisher linear step-wise forward discriminant analyses were performed to identify obesity-related factors associated with Vit D. Results: Means (SD) for age and BMI were 47.6 (6.9) years and 28.1 (6.0) kg/m2. Mean Vit D (SD) was 72.0 (28.2) nmol/L (range 12 to 204). 182 (19%) of patients had deficient levels of Vit D (< 50 nmol/L); 327 (35%) had insufficient levels (50-72 nmol/L) and 425 (46%) had sufficient levels (> 72 nmol/L). Vit D was significantly higher when blood was drawn in summer vs winter (78.0 nmol/L for May – September vs 63.8 nmol/L for October – April) and was higher in Caucasians than non-Caucasians (p=0.0002). Vit D did not differ by nodal status, ER, grade or PS. Vit D correlated with insulin (r = -0.19), leptin (r = -0.20), BMI (r = -0.25), IGF-1 (r = 0.16), SHBG (r = 0.14), and HOMA (r = 0.20) (all p < 0.0001). In stepwise analyses, BMI (p = 0.0002), IGF-1 (p < 0.0001), race (p = 0.0002) and HOMA (p=0.03) were significant discriminators of Vit D (with a 59% error in leave-one-out cross-validation). Insulin (highly correlated with BMI, r = 0.56) replaced BMI as a significant discriminator in analyses excluding BMI. Conclusions: Vit D was weakly associated with key obesity related factors, season of blood draw and race. Prognostic effects of Vit D, obesity related factors and trial therapy will be examined once follow-up is completed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Prognostic indicators for mycosis fungoides in a Greek population
Authors: V. Nikolaou, E. Papadavid, A. Patsatsi, M. Siakantaris, A. Economidi, L. Marinos, T. Koletsa, E. Georgiou, V. Pappa, A. Stratigos, C. Antoniou
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is an indolent cutaneous lymphoma with excellent prognosis at early stages and much poorer outcome during disease progression. Old age, male sex and folliculotropism have been proposed as relevant prognostic factors; however, their exact effect remains debatable.To evaluate MF prognostic indicators and survival rates in a Greek population.Prognostic variables affecting survival rates were studied in 473 patients with MF diagnosed and treated by two academic referral centres in Greece. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to determine survival rates and progression. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess prognostic factors.The mean age of diagnosis was 61·7 years (SD 16·33). Five-year disease-specific survival was 96% in patients with stage IA disease and 52% in patients with stage IIB disease. Univariate analysis certified that large-cell transformation, clonal rearrangements of the TCR gene, severe pruritus and presence of plaques were the most important prognostic factors. Folliculotropism altered disease progression only in patients with early-stage disease. The application of the Cutaneous Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (CLIPI) on our late-stage group failed to provide reliable evidence. The current Cutaneous Lymphoma International Consortium (CLIC) prognostic index can efficiently distinguish a low-risk from a high-risk group of patients. Tumour-Node-Metastasis-Blood (TNMB) staging was the most important prognostic factor for survival rates in multivariate analysis.In our study we validated the current prognostic indicators for MF in a Greek population and identified new potential prognostic factors for survival outcome. Our findings contribute to the ongoing investigation of prognostic indicators of MF, further validation of which is highly needed through prospective studies and among different populations.
Broad and Largely Concordant Molecular Changes Characterize Tolerogenic and Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Maturation in Thymus and Periphery
Authors: Laurence Ardouin, Hervé Luche, Rabie Chelbi, Sabrina Carpentier, Alaa Shawket, Frédéric Montanana Sanchis, Camille Santa Maria, Pierre Grenot, Yannick Alexandre, Claude Grégoire, Anissa Fries, Thien-Phong Vu Manh, Samira Tamoutounour, Karine Crozat, Elena Tomasello, Audrey Jorquera, Even Fossum, Bjarne Bogen, Hiroaki Azukizawa, Marc Bajenoff, Sandrine Henri, Marc Dalod, Bernard Malissen
Journal: Immunity (2016)
ATPS-91GSK-3 INHIBITOR 9-ING-41 ENHANCES GENOTOXIC THERAPY OF GBM LEADING TO CURE FROM INTRACRANIAL BRAIN TUMOR
Authors: Andrey Ugolkov, Gennadiy Bondarenko, Irina Gaisina, Oleksii Dubrovskyi, Alexander Yemelyanov, Charles James, James Chandler, Thomas O'Halloran, Alan Kozikowski, Jeffry Raizer, Andrew Mazar
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BACKGROUND: Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3), a positive regulator of NF-kappaB-mediated survival of cancer cells, has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of GBM. We hypothesized that the inhibition of GSK-3 may overcome NF-kappaB-associated chemo- and radioresistance in human GBM. METHODS: We used GBM6 and GBM12 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) orthotopic tumor models, enabled for bioluminescence imaging (BLI) through luciferase modification, for evaluating the novel GSK-3 inhibitor 9-ING-41, when used in combination with genotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In vivo imaging system (IVIS) was used to study the effect of mono- and combination treatments, along with determination of survival benefit from treatment after intracranial transplantation of GBM tumor. RESULTS: BLI of animal subjects revealed that NF-kappaB is constitutively active in orthotopic GBM tumor expressing an NF-kappa luciferase reporter. Intravenous injection of 9-ING-41 significantly reduced the bioluminescence of orthotopic GBM PDX, indicative of reduced NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. When used in combination with the DNA alkylator CCNU, 9-ING-41 significantly increased CCNU anti-tumor activity against orthotopic GBM12 (no response to CCNU monotherapy) or GBM6 (partial response to CCNU monotherapy) xenografts, as indicated by the absence of tumor bioluminescence signal in mouse brain and by significantly increased animal subject survival. The treatment with CCNU + 9-ING-41 resulted in apparent cure for all mice with intracranial GBM6 and GBM12 tumors, as supported by histological evaluation that revealed a complete absence of cancer cells in mouse brain. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that GSK-3 inhibitor 9-ING-41, a novel clinical drug candidate, enhances the efficacy of genotoxic therapy for human GBM, and warrants consideration for clinical evaluation. The combination of 9-ING-41 and radiotherapy, for the treatment of GBM12 orthotopic PDX tumors, is ongoing and will be presented.