tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Program to Prevent Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in Acute Care
Authors: Sanjay Saint, M. Todd Greene, Sarah L. Krein, Mary A.M. Rogers, David Ratz, Karen E. Fowler, Barbara S. Edson, Sam R. Watson, Barbara Meyer-Lucas, Marie Masuga, Kelly Faulkner, Carolyn V. Gould, James Battles, Mohamad G. Fakih
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common device-associated infection in hospitals. Both technical factors — appropriate catheter use, aseptic insertion, and proper maintenance — and socioadaptive factors, such as cultural and behavioral changes in hospital units, are important in preventing catheter-associated UTI.
IMPS-31FOCAL BRAIN RADIATION INDUCES SYSTEMIC LYMPHOPENIA IN MICE
Authors: Anna Piotrowski, Thomas Nirschl, Esteban Velarde, Lee Blosser, Sudipto Ganguly, Leo Luznik, John Wong, Charles Drake, Stuart Grossman
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

BACKGROUND: Approximately 40% of patients with high grade glioma (HGG) develop severe and prolonged lymphopenia after beginning standard radiation and concurrent temozolomide.This lymphopenia is associated with shortened survival.This animal model was developed to further evaluate the mechanisms behind radiation-induced lymphopenia.METHODS: 7-12 weeks old C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice received focal brain irradiation using Overall survival
Personal View: The sour taste of aid snobbery
Authors: Daniel Magnus
Journal: BMJ (2006)

In western Kenya in the middle of July a team of 20 British doctors and nurses, predominantly from Bath, ran a series of free medical camps in one of the most impoverished areas in the country. The people came in enormous numbers. Some people came with little wrong at all but excited at the chance to see a doctor instead of the long and unaffordable journey to the nearest government facility to pay for suffocating bureaucracy and a bed to share with two other people. Many others came with the predictable and tragic array of subSaharan diseases in an area with endemic malaria and poverty and an HIV/AIDS prevalence of 25%. In total, the team and the Kenyan staff with whom they were working saw 14 000 patients.
Transsexualism in two male triplets
Authors: E A McKee, H B Roback, M H Hollender
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

The authors present clinical and case material on two male triplets with aberrant gender identity. Their findings coincide with those of the few family studies reported in which there were two or more transsexual members; they also reveal patterns generally in keeping with the psychological determinants of transsexualism suggested by Stoller.
Confirmed interruption of indigenous measles transmission in Catalonia
Authors: L Salleras, A Domínguez, N Torner
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2001)

From November 1998 to December 2000, 84 suspected measles cases were reported in Catalonia (6 090 040 inhabitants). Of the 73 laboratory tested cases (87%), 20 showed IgM antibodies specific to measles and 3 were epidemiologically linked to a confirmed case. Among these 23 confirmed cases, 13 were indigenous, the last two cases reported dating back from June 1999 and July 2000. These results confirm the success of the measles elimination programme implemented in 1998 in Catalonia.
Soundings: Working together
Authors: Colin Douglas
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The annual dinner of the Medical Curling Club, though not strictly speaking the highlight of our social calendar, nevertheless offers a pleasant evening and a chance to go over the great issues of the day as they affect us here in Auchendreich.

As last Saturday's event drew to its close, talk turned to the Scottish Executive's recent white paper on NHS Scotland, Partnership for Care.

Our blue-rinsed director of public health, a well known closet Tory, had found it disappointing. Indeed, in her view, all devolution had done for health in Scotland was provide East German standards of care at West German prices. But as she spoke some of us wondered if her disdain might have much to do with her surprise defeat in the Ladies' Singles Cup—at the hands of a specialist registrar in geriatric medicine, a pleasant young woman from Surrey who had taken up curling only halfway through the season.

“They call it their new policy about working together,” said our medical director. “But all they've done is taken our ideas—things we've done for years—and had the cheek to call it their policy! Hmph.”

A retired general practitioner, now vice chair of the primary care trust, agreed, but thought abolishing trusts was going too far. It was worse than a crime; it was a folly, for which those responsible would pay dearly at the Scottish Parliament elections in May—war or no war.

An orthopod looked forward to the greater role for clinicians in service initiatives. “Take social workers . . .” he mused. “We could hire them, fire them . . .” He searched a large malt for further inspiration. “. . . and put them all on performance related pay. Yes. That's it—5% off for every bed blocker. And if that didn't work? 10%. But I still have doubts about devolution.”

“You shouldn't have.” Our new ladies' champion was emphatic. “The NHS is great up here. You really do work together.”

“D'you think so?” The orthopod hesitated. “Well, maybe. Yes. You're right. I mean, look at England. That Milburn guy? Destroying the, um, foundations . . . Smart to get out while you could. And, you know, maybe we could work together.” He paused. “In fact, you really should come round some time . . .” He put down his whisky and gazed deep into her eyes. “. . . and see my bed blockers.”
Intercostal Positioning of a Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
Authors: M.  Siméon-Gélu, D.  Guimber, L.  Michaud, M.  Bonnevalle, Y.  Robert, D.  Turck, F.  Gottrand
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a well-accepted procedure in children to supplement nutrition when oral feedings is not possible. One major technical limitation is the need for good transillumination of the stomach through the abdominal wall, under the costal ribs. Stewart et al. have challenged the necessity for good transillumination prior to gastric puncture, reporting a 97 % success rate for PEG tube insertion without transillumination [1].
PTH-323 The relationship between socioeconomic and urban/rural status on presentation of bowel cancer in north west wales
Authors: R Chatha, C Zabkiewicz, T Sabah, T Kelly, A Oliver, G Whiteley
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In recent years there has been increasing recognition of the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on the stage at diagnosis for many different cancers. Studies demonstrate lower SES is associated with a more advanced stage of cancer at diagnosis. There is very little published evidence observing the impact of rurality on cancer diagnosis. North Wales has both a wide range in socioeconomic status with large rural areas. We aim to examine the impact of both SES and rurality on the diagnosis of colorectal cancer in North Wales. <h3>Method</h3> This was a retrospective observational study. Data from the North Wales cancer registry was used to identify all patients with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer from January 2009–July 2014. Patient case details were then cross referenced with local coding data, clinical/histopathological records and imaging records. Patients geographical data was used to group them into super output areas based on the 2011 Census. Patient data was then correlated with markers of SES and the Welsh index of multiple deprivation 2014 (WIMD) using SPSS software. <h3>Results</h3> N=942 spread over 154 super output areas. There was no difference in colorectal cancer incidence between the super output areas (p = 0.375) 797 patients had their disease scored in terms of severity based on combined histological and radiological findings. Comparison of this score with markers of SES, showed that in areas with higher SES i.e. higher proportion of people with professional occupations disease severity was significantly less (p = 0.027). In areas where there was a higher proportion of elementary occupations i.e. lower SES there was significantly more severe disease at presentation (p = 0.035). In addition increased deprivation in terms of education in an area was associated with more severe disease at presentation (p = 0.048). Severity at presentation and circumstances of presentation (emergency vs elective) was not affected by reduced access to services i.e. increased rurality (p = 0.095). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our data confirm the findings of previous studies that patients from areas of lower SES present with a more advanced stage of colorectal cancer at diagnosis. Improved health education is required to address this disparity. Interestingly rurality did not appear to impact on cancer presentation. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Food-borne diseases associated with frozen berries consumption: a historical perspective, European Union, 1983 to 2013
Authors: L Tavoschi, E Severi, T Niskanen, F Boelaert, V Rizzi, E Liebana, J Gomes Dias, G Nichols, J Takkinen, D Coulombier
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

Epidemiological investigations of outbreaks of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and norovirus (NoV) infections in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) in the last five years have highlighted frozen berries as a vehicle of infection. Given the increasing berry consumption in the EU over the last decades, we undertook a review of the existing evidence to assess the potential scale of threat associated with this product. We searched the literature and four restricted-access online platforms for outbreak/contamination events associated with consumption of frozen berries. We performed an evaluation of the sources to identify areas for improvement. The review revealed 32 independent events (i.e. outbreak, food contamination) in the period 1983–2013, of which 26 were reported after 2004. The identified pathogens were NoV, HAV and Shigella sonnei. NoV was the most common and implicated in 27 events with over 15,000 cases reported. A capture–recapture analysis was performed including three overlapping sources for the period 2005–2013. The study estimated that the event-ascertainment was 62%. Consumption of frozen berries is associated with increasing reports of NoV and HAV outbreaks and contamination events, particularly after 2003. A review of the risks associated with this product is required to inform future prevention strategies. Better integration of the available communication platforms and databases should be sought at EU/EEA level to improve monitoring, prevention and control of food-borne-related events.
Patient access to medical records on a psychiatric inpatient unit
Authors: E J Stein, R L Furedy, M J Simonton, C H Neuffer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

The authors studied the effects of patient access to medical records during hospitalization in a psychiatric unit of a community general hospital. Questionnaires were completed by about 20 staff and 88 patients, and records were compared with those from an earlier period to note any changes in the written record. Patients reported feeling better informed and more involved in their treatment, and staff said that they became more thoughtful about their notes in the chart. The availability of staff seems crucial to this process and facilitates the working alliance.
Outpatient Drug Therapy Proves Successful In Treating Mental and Emotional Disorders
Authors: W H FINLEY, S C FINLEY, C S PITTMAN
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AB0650 Behcet Disease Frequency Among People with Visual Loss
Authors: O. Uyaroglu, A. Erden, O. Tatar, H. Babaoglu, C. Vahabov, O. Karadag, L. Kilic, A. Akdogan, S.A. Bilgen, S. Kiraz, I. Ertenli, U. Kalyoncu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Ocular involvement is one of the major reason of disability for Behcet disease (BD). BD may be a cause of acquiered blindness particularly among young adult population. <h3>Objectives</h3> The objective of this study was to assess prevalence of severe visual loss with BD among blind population. <h3>Methods</h3> Demographic data of blind people was recorded and followed by Ankara metropolitan municipality education and technology center. There were 675 blind people at these center. Telephone numbers were not found at 131 peoples and we also did not reach 250 peoples by phone. At the end, medical history was took from 294 peoples. Participants were searched by standard questionnaire for BD. We also searched to cause of blindness either acquired or congenital. If patients had BD or suspicious BD, they were recalled for future investigation for BD by a rheumatology and ophtalmology physician. Patients with BD were assessed for disease characteristics, time of visual impairment. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, 213 of 294 (72.4%) peoples were male. One hundred nine of 294 (37.1%) peoples had acquired blindness. Six of those 109 (5.5%) patients had BD. Five of 6 patients already had BD, however, 1 of 6 patients did not known their diagnosis. All of BD were male sex, median age was 38.6 years old (range 24-64 years).The median age for diagnosis was 20 years old (range 14-35 years) and the median duration from diagnosis to visual loss was 2.5 years (range 1- 11 years). All patients with BD had recurrent oral aphtous ulcer and ocular involvement. Other diseease characteristics were genital ulcers (83%), skin involvement (67%), arthritis (50%), arthralgia (66%), neurological involvement (17%). None of the patients had deep venous thrombosis. Uveitis location were known at 3 patients, one had both anterior and posterior uveitis, 2 patients had only posterior uveitis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> BD is still one of the cause of acquired visual impairment in Turkey. In a Japan study at 1965, on the other hand before immunosuppressive treatment period, BD was the 12% of cause of acquired blindness (1). Today, immunosuppressive treatments use in routine practice, and frequency of BD among visual loss population looks tendency of decrease. However BD still seems to be important cause of acquired visual loss, particularly prevalant country such as Turkey. <h3>References</h3> Shimizu T, Tanaka I, Ogino K. Current status of Behcet9s disease in Japan. Igaku no Ayumt 75:332-341, 1970 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
A reappraisal of the role of caffeine in ECT
Authors: W V McCall, S Reid, P Rosenquist, A Foreman, N Kiesow-Webb
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

Caffeine lengthens ECT seizures, perhaps by lowering the convulsive threshold. The authors assessed the impact of caffeine on the convulsive threshold and seizure duration. The convulsive threshold and seizure durations of 12 inpatients receiving right unilateral ECT were determined with and without caffeine pretreatment. Caffeine did not change the convulsive threshold, but it did lengthen seizure duration. Caffeine's lengthening of seizure duration without affecting the convulsive threshold is an uncertain benefit in right unilateral ECT.
An unusual case of life-threatening hemoperitoneum after colonoscopy
Authors: Zhen Zhu, Jian Yin, Haihang Zhu, Hailong Cao
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

A 59-year-old man was hospitalized with acid reflux and diarrhea. Colonoscopy was performed while the patient was under propofol anesthesia, and no abnormalities were observed. However, at 3.5 hours following the colonoscopy, the patient had persistent dull pain in the lower abdomen.
Esophageal Hiatus Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: S W HARRINGTON
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Statistical Approach Designed for Finding Mathematically Defined Repeats in Shotgun Data and Determining the Length Distribution of Clone-Inserts
Authors: Lan Zhong, Kunlin Zhang, Xiangang Huang, Peixiang Ni, Yujun Han, Kai Wang, Jun Wang, Songgang Li
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2003)

Abstract The large amount of repeats, especially high copy repeats, in the genomes of higher animals and plants makes whole genome assembly (WGA) quite difficult. In order to solve this problem, we tried to identify repeats and mask them prior to assembly even at the stage of genome survey. It is known that repeats of different copy number have different probabilities of appearance in shotgun data, so based on this principle, we constructed a statistical model and inferred criteria for mathematically defined repeats (MDRs) at different shotgun coverages. According to these criteria, we developed software MDRmasker to identify and mask MDRs in shotgun data. With repeats masked prior to assembly, the speed of assembly was increased with lower error probability. In addition, clone-insert size affects the accuracy of repeat assembly and scaffold construction. We also designed length distribution of clone-inserts using our model. In our simulated genomes of human and rice, the length distribution of repeats is different, so their optimal length distributions of clone-inserts were not the same. Thus with optimal length distribution of clone-inserts, a given genome could be assembled better at lower coverage.
NK cell education via nonclassical MHC and non-MHC ligands
Authors: Yuke He, Zhigang Tian
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2016)

Natural killer (NK) cell education, a process for achieving functional maturation and self-tolerance, has been previously defined by the interaction between self-major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules and their specific inhibitory receptors. Over the past several years, growing evidence has highlighted the important roles of nonclassical MHC-I and non-MHC-I molecules in NK cell education. Herein, we review the current knowledge of NK cell education, with a particular focus on nonclassical MHC-I- and non-MHC-I-dependent education, and compare them with the classical MHC-I-dependent education theory. In addition, we update and extend this theory by presenting the 'Confining Model', discussing cis and trans characteristics, reassessing quantity and quality control, and elucidating the redundancy of NK cell education in tumor and virus infection.
PWE-129 Decompensated alcohol related liver disease – how well are we serving our patients?
Authors: F Moroni, S McTavish, B Vijayan, A Fraser, A Mukhopadhya, L McLeman
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Scotland has one of the highest alcohol consumption in the world resulting in significant burden on the NHS. 36206 admissions in Scottish Hospital in 2013 were related to alcohol and 1:6 had Alcohol Related Liver Disease (ARLD).<sup>1</sup>SIGN guidelines along with BSG, BASL and RCP joint position paper on ARLD recommend that all patients with alcohol related physical disorder should be seen by specialist alcohol services.<sup>2,3</sup>In Aberdeen Royal Infirmary all patients with decompensated ARLD are managed in the Digestive Disorders Unit. <h3>Method</h3> We prospectively collected data on all patients admitted to our unit between 01/05/14 and 31/12/14. Demographics, presenting symptoms, treatment, progress, complications and outcomes were analysed with descriptive statistics. <h3>Results</h3> 94 patients with ARLD were admitted (30 first presentation) on 155 occasions. Male to Female ratio was 5:2, mean age of 55 ± 11 years. The mean length of stay was 15.7 ± 13 days, median 8 days. The primary reason for admission was control of ascites (33%), jaundice (19%), encephalopathy (13%) and upper GI bleeding (13%). 83%(78/94) had ongoing alcohol dependency. 23% (7/30) of new patients died during their first admission. 58/94(62%) patients had Ascites, 19/94(20%) had SBP. We performed 86 large volume paracenteses and 51 gastroscopies. Encephalopathy was present in 57(37%) and HRS in 37(24%) of the 155 admissions. Dieticians reviewed 28/30(93%) new and 71/94(76%) of all patients with 38/94(32%) requiring NG feeding. We referred 36/78(45%) dependent patients to Integrated Alcohol Service, 17 accepted.5 were seen in 2 to 7 months post discharge.1 patient was seen in less than 3 weeks from referral.2 people referred to the drop in clinic didn’t attend. <h3>Conclusion</h3> ARLD is the single most common cause of unscheduled admissions to our service. Despite nutritional support and judicious use of antibiotics, Human Albumin Solution and vasopressors, there continues to be a significant readmission rate and mortality in this group. During the study period there was no inpatient Alcohol Liaison Service which may be relevant. A minority of those referred to the Integrated Alcohol Service were seen. Numerous reasons account for failure to attend out-patient alcohol services but it is clear that a more robust system to tackle long-term alcohol dependency and recidivism is required. A structured outpatient follow up clinic and alcohol services in the future will help improve the outcomes for these patients. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Alcohol-related Hospital Statistics Scotland. 2012/13 -25Feb14 SIGN guidelines N74. 2003 Moriarty, KJ. Alcohol related disease: meeting the challenge of improved quality of care and better use of resources;2010. Joint Position Paper by BSG/BASL/AHA
Infusion of a non-HLA-matched ex-vivo expanded cord blood progenitor cell product after intensive acute myeloid leukaemia chemotherapy: a phase 1 trial
Authors: Colleen Delaney, Filippo Milano, Laura Cicconi, Megan Othus, Pamela S Becker, Vicky Sandhu, Ian Nicoud, Ann Dahlberg, Irwin D Bernstein, Frederick R Appelbaum, Elihu H Estey
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2016)