tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Image of the American Physician
Authors: J. R. E.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

Editorials1 September 1961The Image of the American PhysicianJ. R. E.J. R. E.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-55-3-527 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThere can be little doubt that in recent times the image of the American physician in the public mind, and especially as portrayed in the public press, has undergone a deplorable change. He has been depicted at worst as a reactionary money seeker and at best as a well-motivated but narrow-minded participant in a changing social scene—a professional unable to see beyond the immediate problems of diagnosis and treatment and fee for same.". . . the doctor may be a learned man in his own field. But in general knowledge he is the worst-educated of our professional men. ....References1. CHASE ET: The politics of medicine. Harper's Magazine 221: 125, 1960. Google Scholar2. WHITEHEAD AN: Dialogues of Alfred North Whitehead, as recorded by Lucien Price, Little, Brown and Co. in association with The Atlantic Monthly Press, Boston, 1954, pp. 163-165. Google Scholar3. LARSON LW: The professional spirit. Inaugural address. J. A. M. A. 177: 97, 1961. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Time, 78: 42, 1961. Google Scholar5. ATCHLEY DW: The changing physician. The Atlantic Monthly 198: 29, 1956. Google Scholar6. KEEFER CS: Presidential address. Ann. Intern. Med. 55: 158, 1961. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1961Volume 55, Issue 3Page: 527-528 Issue Published: 1 September 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...
Mutual Education Between Hematopoietic Cells and Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Through Direct Cell-to-Cell Contact: Factors That Determine the Growth of Bone Marrow Stroma-Dependent Leukemic (HB-1) Cells
Authors: Huijie Jiang, Kenkichi Sugimoto, Hitoshi Sawada, Emi Takashita, Maki Tohma, Hiroyuki Gonda, Kazuhiro John Mori
Journal: Blood (1998)
Sex, Scavengers, and Chaperones: Transcriptome Secrets of Divergent<i>Symbiodinium</i>Thermal Tolerances
Authors: Rachel A. Levin, Victor H. Beltran, Ross Hill, Staffan Kjelleberg, Diane McDougald, Peter D. Steinberg, Madeleine J. H. van Oppen
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2016)

Corals rely on photosynthesis by their endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.) to form the basis of tropical coral reefs. High sea surface temperatures driven by climate change can trigger the loss of Symbiodinium from corals (coral bleaching), leading to declines in coral health. Different putative species (genetically distinct types) as well as conspecific populations of Symbiodinium can confer differing levels of thermal tolerance to their coral host, but the genes that govern dinoflagellate thermal tolerance are unknown. Here we show physiological and transcriptional responses to heat stress by a thermo-sensitive (physiologically susceptible at 32 °C) type C1 Symbiodinium population and a thermo-tolerant (physiologically healthy at 32 °C) type C1 Symbiodinium population. After nine days at 32 °C, neither population exhibited physiological stress, but both displayed up-regulation of meiosis genes by ≥ 4-fold and enrichment of meiosis functional gene groups, which promote adaptation. After 13 days at 32 °C, the thermo-sensitive population suffered a significant decrease in photosynthetic efficiency and increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) leakage from its cells, whereas the thermo-tolerant population showed no signs of physiological stress. Correspondingly, only the thermo-tolerant population demonstrated up-regulation of a range of ROS scavenging and molecular chaperone genes by ≥ 4-fold and enrichment of ROS scavenging and protein-folding functional gene groups. The physiological and transcriptional responses of the Symbiodinium populations to heat stress directly correlate with the bleaching susceptibilities of corals that harbored these same Symbiodinium populations. Thus, our study provides novel, foundational insights into the molecular basis of dinoflagellate thermal tolerance and coral bleaching.
B-cell repertoire dynamics after sequential hepatitis B vaccination and evidence for cross-reactive B-cell activation
Authors: Jacob D. Galson, Johannes Trück, Elizabeth A. Clutterbuck, Anna Fowler, Vincenzo Cerundolo, Andrew J. Pollard, Gerton Lunter, Dominic F. Kelly
Journal: Genome Medicine (2016)

A diverse B-cell repertoire is essential for recognition and response to infectious and vaccine antigens. High-throughput sequencing of B-cell receptor (BCR) genes can now be used to study the B-cell repertoire at great depth and may shed more light on B-cell responses than conventional immunological methods. Here, we use high-throughput BCR sequencing to provide novel insight into B-cell dynamics following a primary course of hepatitis B vaccination. Nine vaccine-naïve participants were administered three doses of hepatitis B vaccine (months 0, 1, and 2 or 7). High-throughput Illumina sequencing of the total BCR repertoire was combined with targeted sequencing of sorted vaccine antigen-enriched B cells to analyze the longitudinal response of both the total and vaccine-specific repertoire after each vaccine. ELISpot was used to determine vaccine-specific cell numbers following each vaccine. Deconvoluting the vaccine-specific from total BCR repertoire showed that vaccine-specific sequence clusters comprised <0.1 % of total sequence clusters, and had certain stereotypic features. The vaccine-specific BCR sequence clusters were expanded after each of the three vaccine doses, despite no vaccine-specific B cells being detected by ELISpot after the first vaccine dose. These vaccine-specific BCR clusters detected after the first vaccine dose had distinct properties compared to those detected after subsequent doses; they were more mutated, present at low frequency even prior to vaccination, and appeared to be derived from more mature B cells. These results demonstrate the high-sensitivity of our vaccine-specific BCR analysis approach and suggest an alternative view of the B-cell response to novel antigens. In the response to the first vaccine dose, many vaccine-specific BCR clusters appeared to largely derive from previously activated cross-reactive B cells that have low affinity for the vaccine antigen, and subsequent doses were required to yield higher affinity B cells.
Vertical sleeve gastrectomy activates GPBAR‐1/TGR5 to sustain weight loss, improve fatty liver, and remit insulin resistance in mice
Authors: Lili Ding, Kyle M. Sousa, Lihua Jin, Bingning Dong, Byung‐Wook Kim, Ricardo Ramirez, Zhenzhou Xiao, Ying Gu, Qiaoling Yang, Jie Wang, Donna Yu, Alessio Pigazzi, Dustin Schones, Li Yang, David Moore, Zhengtao Wang, Wendong Huang
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) is one of the most commonly performed clinical bariatric surgeries used for the remission of obesity and diabetes. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which VSG exerts its beneficial effects remains elusive. We report that the membrane‐bound G protein‐coupled bile acid receptor, GPBAR‐1 (also known as TGR5), is required to mediate the effects of anti‐obesity, anti‐hyperglycemia, and improvements of fatty liver of VSG in mice. In the absence of TGR5, the beneficial metabolic effects of VSG in mice are lost. Moreover, we found that the expression of TGR5 increased significantly after VSG, and VSG alters both BA levels and composition in mice, resulting in enhancement of TGR5 signaling in the ileum and brown adipose tissues, concomitant with improved glucose control and increased energy expenditure. Conclusion : Our study elucidates a novel underlying mechanism by which VSG achieves its postoperative therapeutic effects through enhanced TGR5 signaling. (H epatology 2016;64:760‐773)
Partial Codes—A Symptom of a Larger Problem
Authors: Josué A. Zapata, Eric Widera
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Psychiatric residents' sexual contact with educators and patients: results of a national survey
Authors: N Gartrell, J Herman, S Olarte, R Localio, M Feldstein
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

In a national survey of PGY-4 psychiatric residents, 4.9% of the 548 respondents indicated that they had been sexually involved with psychiatric educators and 0.9% reported that they had been sexually involved with patients. Most residents reported no or minimal instruction in their residency programs about educator-resident and resident-patient sexual contact. The authors compare these results with those from previous surveys of psychologists. They discuss the need for expanding training curricula to include specific education on sexual exploitation.
Delirium After Cataract Surgery: Review and Two Cases
Authors: William K. Summers, Theodore C. Reich
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

The authors define the delirium seen after cataract surgery on the basis of Dupuytren's original description and review studies using the criteria they set up on this basis. They then present prospective data on 2 patients with postcataractectomy delirium and 25 patients who did not experience this delirium. The data suggest that delirium after cataract surgery represents anticholinergic toxicity.
The status of plasma therapy as cancer treatment.
Authors: D R Parkinson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1988.6.2.189 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3339393 The status of plasma therapy as cancer treatment. D R ParkinsonxD R ParkinsonSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1988.6.2.189 PDF "The status of plasma therapy as cancer treatment.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 6(2), pp. 189–190© 1988 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Religiousness, conversion, and subjective well-being: the "healthy- minded" religion of modern American women
Authors: P Shaver, M Lenauer, S Sadd
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

Data from a survey of 2,500 American women were examined to determine 1) the nature of religiousness among women and, in particular, whether modern religiousness corresponds to William James' conception of "healthy-minded" religion; 2) how religiousness is related to self-reports of mental and physical health; and 3) differences between converts (mainly to Protestant denominations) and women who have maintained the same religious affiliation all their lives. The authors found that healthy-mindedness described the nonconverts (the majority) fairly well, and that certainty of beliefs (either strong religiousness or confident nonreligiousness) was associated with better mental and physical health. Converts were distinguished from nonconverts by the former's relatively happy and less religious childhoods, stronger adult religiousness, and greater authoritarian tendencies.
Introduction
Authors: Joseph T. Wearn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE changes in medical education are being influenced by many forces, some outside the medical schools. It is imperative, therefore, that medical educators give serious attention to the problems involved if they are to play their rightful part in guiding these changes.It is pleasing to note that since the end of World War II, medical educators have bestirred themselves and many schools have been reappraising and even experimenting with educational programs. All of them, however, have felt keenly the lack of quantitative methods with which to measure their results. But even in this field efforts are now being made, . . .
Platelet serotonin measures in primary dysthymia
Authors: A V Ravindran, J Chudzik, R J Bialik, Y D Lapierre, P D Hrdina
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

Serotonergic function in 22 patients with primary dysthymia and 22 normal volunteers was evaluated by measuring [3H]serotonin uptake and [3H]paroxetine binding in platelets. A significantly lower maximum rate of serotonin uptake was noted in the dysthymic patients than in the normal subjects, indicating a possible serotonergic dysfunction in dysthymia. However, the values for parameters of paroxetine binding were similar in the two groups.
HG-44EVALUATION OF ABT-414 IN CHILDREN WITH HIGH GRADE GLIOMA (HGG) AND DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMA (DIPG)
Authors: Martin van den Bent, Birgit Geoerger, Vassilis Golfinopoulos, Peter Ansell, Earle Bain, Jim Looman, Hao Xiong, JuDee Fischer, Kyle Holen, Darren Hargrave
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Case 5-1987
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Edwin L. Carter, Joanne K. Rutgers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Presentation of CaseA 48-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of intermittent abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.She was well until four years earlier, when she began to experience bouts of midepigastric "tightening" followed by nausea, vomiting, and diffuse abdominal pain, with the passage of multiple stools that ranged from watery to semiformed. The attacks lasted from several days to one week, recurred at intervals of six months, and were sometimes worse during her menses. She was seen on several occasions at another hospital, where a barium-enema examination and upper gastrointestinal study were reported to be negative. She . . .
Posttransplant Kaposi's sarcoma treated with paclitaxel.
Authors: C J Wu, D T Scadden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.10.3478 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 9779728 Posttransplant Kaposi's sarcoma treated with paclitaxel. C J WuxC J WuSearch for articles by this author , D T ScaddenxD T ScaddenSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1998.16.10.3478 PDF "Posttransplant Kaposi's sarcoma treated with paclitaxel.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 16(10), pp. 3478–3479© 1998 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
A phase I study to evaluate the safety and tolerability of MEDI4736, an anti- programmed cell death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) antibody, in combination with tremelimumab in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Authors: Patrick Alexander Ott, Margaret K. Callahan, Kunle Odunsi, Andrew J. Park, Linda S. Pan, Ralph Rudolph Venhaus, Joyson Joseph Karakunnel, F. Stephen Hodi, Jedd D. Wolchok
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

TPS3099 Background: Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) are regulators or checkpoints of T cell activation, utilized by tumor cells to evade antitumor immune responses. MEDI4736 (M) is a human IgG1 mAb that blocks PD-L1 binding to PD-1 and CD-80 with high affinity and selectivity. Tremelimumab (T) is a selective human IgG2 mAb inhibitor of CTLA-4. Blocking each of these checkpoints is associated with antitumor effects. The mechanisms for activating PD-1 and CTLA-4 are non-redundant, suggesting the potential for additive or synergistic effects; clinical studies have shown synergistic antitumor activity of anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 and anti CTLA-4 as combination therapy. Methods: An ongoing, phase 1, multicenter, open-label study (NCT01975831) is evaluating the safety/tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), immunogenicity and antitumor activity of M in combination with T in patients with advanced solid tumors. The study comprises a dose-escalation phase (3+3 design) and a subsequent dose-expansion phase. Patients with non-small cell lung, cervical, head and neck, colorectal, ovarian cancers, or renal cell carcinoma are eligible. M is administered at escalating doses starting at 0.3 mg/kg (up to 10 mg/kg) every 2 wks and T is administered at escalating doses starting at 3 mg/kg (up to 10 mg/kg) every 4 wks for the first 6 cycles, then every 12 wks. Treatment may continue for up to 12 months or until progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoints are safety/tolerability and identification of the maximum tolerated dose of the combination. Secondary objectives include clinical activity (tumor response by RECIST v1.1 and Immune-related Response Criteria (irRC), PFS, and OS). The study will also assess PK and pharmacodynamic parameters, serum and tissue PD-L1 expression, immune cell phenotypes, cytokine profiling, and flow. Pharmacogenomic analysis of blood and tumor samples may be performed to examine gene expression patterns following treatment. Cohort 1 has been completed without DLT. Enrollment to cohort 2 began in March 2014. Clinical trial information: NCT01975831.
Preliminary efficacy of an enhanced quitline smoking cessation intervention for cancer patients.
Authors: Kathryn E Weaver, James John Urbanic, Doug Case, Sebastian G Kaplan, Glenn Jay Lesser, Susan Zbikowski, David Bryant, Shaker R. Dakhil, Chester Wilson, Edward G. Shaw, Suzanne Danhauer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e20671 Background: Cancer patients who smoke risk compromised well-being and poor treatment outcomes. This pilot randomized clinical trial assessed the preliminary efficacy of a combined cessation intervention [brief in-person counseling session, quitline telephone counseling, & 6 weeks of nicotine replacement patches (NRT)] in non-hospitalized cancer patients. Methods: Cancer patients who had smoked within the last 7 days and were planning, receiving, or received surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation treatment within the past 6 months were recruited through the NCI Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP) network and randomized 2:1 to an enhanced quitline-based intervention (n = 98) or usual care (n = 48; educational materials/brief physician advice and could include NRT and/or pharmacotherapy). We assessed self-reported smoking status at 12 and 24 weeks, with urinary cotinine confirmation at 12 & 24 weeks for those not using NRT. Non-completers were considered to be smokers. Participants were asked about use of NRT products, counseling, and quit attempts; positive response at any time point was considered positive. Chi-square tests assessed group differences. Results: Between 4/2012, and 5/2014, 146 patients were accrued (75% female, 79% non-Hispanic white, mean age = 58 years). Cancer diagnoses included: lung 53%, breast 34%, head and neck 4%, and other 9%. Study completion at 12 and 24 weeks was 73% and 57%, with no difference by group assignment. At both 12 & 24 weeks, self-reported 7-day point prevalence cessation was 15% in the quitline group and 13% in the usual care group (p = .65). During the study, use of NRT was 69% & 49% in the quitline and usual care groups (p = .03), respectively, and use of counseling was 56% & 32% (p = .01). 82% of quitline and 93% of usual care participants reported 1 or more quit attempts during the course of the study (p = .12). Conclusions: Study retention was challenging and crossover use of counseling and NRT by usual care participants was common in this study. The higher use of evidence-based cessation aids among quitline participants did not translate into appreciably higher quit rates. Cancer survivors may have a difficult time quitting with low-moderate intensity cessation interventions. Clinical trial information: NCT01434342.
Preferential pathologic complete response (pCR) by triple-negative (-) breast cancer to neoadjuvant docetaxel (T) and carboplatin (C)
Authors: H. R. Chang, D. Slamon, J. A. Gornbein, D. Chung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

604 Background: Breast cancer is heterogeneous with subtypes having distinct biologies and clinical outcomes. This study determined whether pCR of breast cancer to 4 cycles of neoadjuvant T/C is affected by breast cancer subtypes: triple -, HER2 + and hormone receptor positive (HR+)/HER2 - tumors. Methods: 60 patients (pts) with stages II and III breast cancer completed 4 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 58 had surgery after chemotherapy. Of 24 pts with FISH proven HER2 + disease, 13 received weekly trastuzumab (H) in addition to T/C and the remaining 11 received T/C preoperatively. Baseline breast cancer was assessed by physical examination, mammography, and MRI. Fisher's exact test was used to compare pCR to the neoadjuvant treatment in 3 subtypes of breast cancer: triple -, HER2+ and HR+/HER2 -. Results: Of 60 cases reported, 6 (10%) were T2, 37 (61.7%) were T3, and 17 (28.3%) were T4 with 11 having inflammatory breast cancer. Of 58 pts who underwent surgery after neoadjuvant treatment, 25 (43.1%) had clinical complete response (CR), 29 (50%) had partial response (PR), and 4 (6.9%) had less than PR. 13 of 24 HER2 + pts received T/C every 3 wks and weekly H; the other 11 received T/C only. Both groups had a similar rate of CR with 6 observed in each group. 13 of 34 HER2 - pts showed clinical CR with 3 poor responders found in this group. The in breast pCR of the 58 pts were analyzed with an overall pCR rate of 24.1% (14/58 pts) for the entire group. 10 pts had triple - cancer and mean tumor size of 8.1cm with 5 (50%) showing pCR. Of 24 pts with HER2 + cancer and mean tumor size of 7.5cm, 4 of 13 (30.8%) who received T/C/H achieved pCR. Only 1 of 11 pts (9.1%) achieved pCR when H was not added preoperatively. Of 24 pts with HR+/HER2 - tumor, 4 (16.7%) had pCR. The pCR rate induced by T/C was superior in pts with large and triple - tumors than in pts with either HR+/HER2 - (p=0.0847) or with HER2 + (p=0.0635) cancer. Adding H to the same chemotherapy regimen significantly improved the pCR rate in pts with HER2 + breast cancer. Conclusions: Our study suggests that docetaxel and carboplatin are promising in triple-breast cancer for which targeted therapy has yet to be developed and prognosis is particularly poor. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Genentech BioOncology, sanofi-aventis Genentech BioOncology, sanofi-aventis Genentech BioOncology, sanofi-aventis Genentech BioOncology, sanofi-aventis
Dermoscopic features in 2 cases of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia
Authors: Enrique Rodríguez-Lomba, Jose Antonio Avilés-Izquierdo, Irene Molina-López, Verónica Parra-Blanco, Pablo Lázaro-Ochaita, Ricardo Suárez-Fernández
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2016)