tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2122: <i>KRAS</i> mutation detection using high resolution melting analysis and its prognostic value in archival colorectal cancer tissues
Authors: Vanessa Deschoolmeester, Carolien Boeckx, Wim Wuyts, Eric Van Marck, Peter Vermeulen, Patrick Pauwels, Marc Peeters, Filip Lardon, Jan B. Vermorken, Marc Baay
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: The development of targeted therapies has created a pressing clinical need for the rapid and robust molecular characterization of cancers. High resolution melting analysis (HRMA) provides a valid approach to efficiently detect DNA mutations. In the current study, HRMA was validated and implemented for screening of 164 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients to detect hot spot mutations (codon 12/13) in the KRAS oncogene. Direct sequencing was used to confirm and characterize HRMA results. In addition, the prognostic potential of KRAS in CRC was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Initially, the HRMA sensitivity was established using a cell line dilution model, enabling us to detect 3% mutant DNA in a background of wildtype DNA. Next, HRMA was validated on 7 cell lines with or without a known KRAS mutation. All mutations were readily detectable using HRMA. Subsequently, inter- and intravariation was analyzed. Results: HRMA revealed abnormal melting patterns in 57/164 (34.8%) CRC samples with G12D substitution the most prevalent type. However, only 50/164 (30.5%) samples could be confirmed by sequencing. The presence of KRAS mutation was associated with proximal location, advanced stage and microsatellite stability (MSS). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed a significantly shorter overall and disease free survival for CRC patients harboring a KRAS mutation, especially for the G12C substitution. In Cox regression, KRAS mutation was still found to be a negative predictor of survival, however, significance was lost. Conclusions: In conclusion, HRMA was found to be a fast, efficient and reproducible screening method for KRAS mutation detection by which degraded DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues can be tested. Additionally, accurate detection of KRAS mutations in CRC shows potential as a prognostic marker and evidence is accumulating that poor outcome could be linked to specific mutations. These results might have an impact on patient selection for adjuvant treatment. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2122.
ASSOCIATION OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY WITH AN INCIDENCE OF HEART FAILURE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Chayakrit Krittanawong, Anusith Tunhasiriwet, Marysia Tweet, HongJu Zhang, Tao Sun, Sakkarin Chirapongsathorn, Zhen Wang, Sharonne Hayes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
P176 Iatrogenic Pneumothorax Post Ct-guided Lung Biopsy - How Do We Manage It?
Authors: A. Lewis, A. Ionescu
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Iatrogenic Pneumothoraces (IP) are a common complication of computerised tomography (CT)-guided lung biopsy. Management depends on size, underlying lung disease, and symptoms. The British Thoracic Society (BTS) Guidelines comment that the majority of IPs do not require intervention. If needed aspiration is successful in 89%(1). Size of pneumothorax is assessed differently by the BTS and The American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP),(1, 2). This study reports the management of IP over a 15-month period. <h3>Methods</h3> All IP over 15-months were analysed. Data extraction forms for each IP episode utilised electronic clinical, MDT notes and radiological images. <h3>Results</h3> 160 day-case CT-guided lung biopsies were performed. There were 32 IPs, 20% of all biopsies. Five IPs were &gt;2 cm at hilar level, classified as large by BTS guidance. Fifteen were &gt;3 cm apically, described as large by ACCP classification. There was poor agreement between BTS and ACCP sizing of pneumothoraces, (kappa 0.26). All BTS-classified large pneumothoraces, and 9(60%), of ACCP-classified large pneumothoraces required intervention. Fifteen (47%) patients with IP, all asymptomatic with pneumothoraces Nine (28%) IPs underwent inpatient observation. Three subsequently required intervention, all of which were small at hilar level but large apically, or symptomatic. Aspiration was performed in 4 patients, one being &gt;2 cm at hilar level and all &gt;3 cm apically. Two required subsequent tube drainage. Five (16%) IPs were treated initially with intercostal chest drainage. Four had pneumothoraces &gt;2 cm at hilar level, and the other had a large apical pneumothorax. Only one was symptomatic. Five patients were initially observed or had simple aspiration but subsequently required tube drainage. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Two-thirds of the IPs were managed conservatively. Thirteen percent of patients had aspiration of which three-quarters needed subsequent intervention. Symptoms or FEV1 did not predict need for intervention. The BTS and ACCP criteria for size assessment had poor agreement and clinical judgement was used to decide on treatment.
Case 35-2009
Authors: Lindsey R. Baden, Subba R. Digumarthy, Alexander S.R. Guimaraes, John A. Branda
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 60-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and a history of renal transplantation was admitted to this hospital because of mental-status changes, diarrhea, renal insufficiency, diabetic ketoacidosis, and hypotension. On examination, the patient appeared cachectic and confused. Ultrasonographic examination of the pelvis showed the transplanted kidney with a well-circumscribed, rounded, focal hypoechoic lesion within the upper pole. On the fourth hospital day, respiratory distress developed that required mechanical ventilation.
OP0089 Disease Severity in Patients with Inflammatory Arthritis who Persistently, Intermittently, or Never Achieve Remission
Authors: J. Diffin, T. Marshall, J. Chipping, D. Symmons, S. Verstappen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The prognosis for patients with inflammatory polyarthritis (IP) varies and it is difficult to identify at onset which patients will ever achieve remission. <h3>Objectives</h3> To examine the disease characteristics at i) baseline and ii) five years of patients who persistently, intermittently, or never achieve remission within the Norfolk Arthritis Register (NOAR) over five years. <h3>Methods</h3> NOAR is a primary-care-based cohort of adults with recent onset IP (≥2 swollen joints lasting for &gt;4 weeks). Disease related information collected over 5 years includes 51- swollen and tender joint counts, HAQ, and DAS28. This study included patients recruited between 2000 to 2004 with a symptom duration of &lt;2 years at baseline. Patients in 'natural remission' (absence of joint swelling and tenderness from 1st to 5th year in absence of DMARD treatment) or with missing 51- joint count data at any year were excluded. Remission criteria (no tender or swollen joints on examination) were applied at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th year assessments. 436 patients were grouped according to whether they met the remission criteria persistently at every assessment (PR: N=17), intermittently (IR: N=169), or never (NR: N=254). Baseline differences were analysed using ANOVA for normally distributed continuous variables, Kruskal-Wallis for non-normally distributed variables, and Chi-Square for categorical variables. Ordinal regression was used to examine the relationship between baseline HAQ and DAS28 scores and remission group. Linear or median regression was used to examine the effect of remission group on 5th year HAQ and DAS28 scores. All regression analyses estimates were adjusted for age and gender. <h3>Results</h3> Group NR had the highest disease severity at baseline (Table). Group PR were significantly more likely to be on DMARDs at baseline, but the duration on DMARDs at baseline did not differ significantly between groups. Patients with higher HAQ scores (adjß=0.44, 95% CI 0.07, 0.80) or DAS28 scores (adjß=0.47, 95% CI 0.26, 0.68) at baseline, were more likely to be in the IR or NR group. There was a significant effect of remission group on 5<sup>th</sup> year HAQ scores (<i>p</i>&lt;0.001). Group NR had significantly higher 5th year HAQ scores than Group IR (adjß=0.87, 95% CI 0.69, 1.06) or Group PR (adjß=1.09, 95% CI 0.65, 1.53). There was also a significant effect of remission group on 5th year DAS28 scores (p&lt;0.001). Group NR had significantly higher 5th year DAS28 scores than Group IR (adjß=1.18, 95% CI 0.94, 1.42) andGroup PR (adjß=1.65, 95% CI 1.10, 2.21). <h3>Conclusions</h3> A small proportion of patients achieved persistent remission, and patients in this group were more likely to have had DMARD treatment at baseline. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> Funded by Arthritis UK and GlaxoSmithKline. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Organochlorines and Breast Cancer
Authors: J. F. ACQUAVELLA, B. K. IRELAND, J. M. RAMLOW
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

4).The same tumor types are found intraspinally and intracranially.Intraspinal tumors produce less ambiguous symptoms than do intracranial tumors, and misdiagnoses such as Alzheimer's disease or cerebrovascular disease will not take place.Thus, incidence trends for intraspinal tumors should be less sensitive than those for intracranial tumors to changes in the health-care system such as access to physicians and to imaging technology.Table 1 depicts the incidence rates for three age groups for four 8-year periods.Stable trends were found for all age groups, including the elderly.This finding supports the hypothesis that the increase in the incidence of primary intracranial tumors in the elderly is due to improved diagnostic yield and not a true biological increase.
Abstract 2864: Effect of resveratrol (RVT) on prior-, concurrent-, and post- benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) exposure in colon tumor development of Apc<i>Min</i> mice
Authors: Ashley C. Huderson, Mohammad S. Niaz, Mary K. Washington, Aramandla Ramesh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Colon cancer is one of the important cancers in terms of morbidity and mortality. In U.S. alone, around 60,000 lives/year are lost to colon cancer. Diet and environment are implicated in the development of sporadic colon cancers. Our laboratory has already reported the development of colon tumors in ApcMin mice orally exposed to BaP. In this study we investigated the timing of RVT administration on BaP-induced colon carcinogenesis in ApcMin mice. The mice were grouped under 5 treatment categories. For Group I, only BaP was administered (in peanut oil) at a dose of 100 μg/kg via oral gavage over a 60 day period. For Group II, RVT (in 10% ethanol + 90% deionized water) was co-administered with BaP at a dose of 45 μg/kg. For Group III, RVT was administered for 1 week prior to BaP dosing. For Group IV, RVT was administered for 1 week post BaP dosing. The Vth group received RVT only. Jejunum, colon and liver samples were collected at the end of exposure; adenomas in the jejunum and colon were counted and subjected to histopathology. RVT significantly inhibited the development of adenomas in the jejunum and colon by 45 and 40 % (P &amp;lt; 0.001) respectively in Group II, compared to Group III (0 and 5%) and Group IV (0 and 2%). Though no significant difference was noted in the size of adenomas in jejunum of BaP + RVT-treated mice, compared to that of BaP-treated mice; the colon samples showed a different trend. RVT significantly reduced the size of colon adenomas in mice that received BaP &amp; RVT simultaneously compared to mice that received BaP alone, RVT before BaP, and RVT post BaP. Though dysplasia of colon was observed in BaP-treated mice, it was of limited occurrence in RVT-treated mice. Our findings thus far reveal that the prevention colon tumorigenesis by RVT is effective only when given together with BaP, compared to prior and post BaP-exposure. Studies are in progress to see the underlying mechanisms for the differential preventive effects of RVT (funded by NIH grants 5T32 HL007735-14, RO3CA130112-01 and S11ES01415). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2864.
Abstract 5288: Identification of critical microRNA regulated pathways in histiocytic diseases.
Authors: Emmalena Gregory-Bryson, Maciej Parys, Matti Kiupel, Vilma Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Histiocytic diseases encompass a spectrum of proliferative diseases in humans and dogs. While relatively rare in the human, histiocytic diseases are quite prevalent in certain breeds of dog. In the dog, these diseases range from benign histiocytoma to the malignancy, histiocytic sarcoma (HS). Disseminated HS has a poor prognosis and lacks effective treatment options. The goal of this study is to unravel the mechanisms of tumorigenesis in histiocytic diseases by analyzing the differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) along the spectrum of canine histiocytic diseases. As regulators of gene expression, miRNAs will provide insight into the pathways for tumorigenesis in histiocytic malignancies as compared to benign histiocytic diseases. MiRNA profiling of canine histiocytic diseases was conducted on cases of reactive histiocytosis, histiocytic sarcoma, and hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma. These samples were compared to normal canine histiocytes derived from peripheral blood. Based upon analysis of the profiling data, several miRNAs were selected for verification and quantification by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The expression of the known canine miRNAs was evaluated by miRNA array. Data analysis with unsupervised clustering resulted in miRNA expression pattern clusters that were similar to the disease groups. The miRNA profiling data revealed three miRNA targets that were significantly upregulated in all cases as compared to normal canine histiocytes. Functional studies of these miRNAs are underway. These findings support the hypothesis that each histiocytic disease entity has a unique miRNA profile. These miRNAs and/or genes in the pathways they regulate may be targeted for novel and effective therapies. Comparative studies have the potential to elucidate HS tumorigenesis, and improve clinical outcome in dogs and humans. Citation Format: Emmalena Gregory-Bryson, Maciej Parys, Matti Kiupel, Vilma Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan. Identification of critical microRNA regulated pathways in histiocytic diseases. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5288. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5288
FDG PET/CT Detects Malignant Lymphoma Invading the Penis
Authors: Yu Guo, Ren-Ju Bai, Shuo Gao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Malignant lymphomatous involvement of the penis is rare. We reported the case of a 78-year-old man with systemic lymphoma and painless persistent asymmetric erection with a flaccid glans penis. An FDG PET/CT scan demonstrated left mediastinum uptake. There were multiple enlarged inguinal and pubic lymph nodes with increased uptake. The penis was slightly enlarged with marked increased activity. Biopsy of the penis and enlarged peripheral lymph nodes demonstrated large B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Infarction of the Bowel in Cardiac Failure
Authors: Norman Ende
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

A REVIEW of the literature on intestinal infarction soon discloses that in a significant proportion of cases the cause of the infarction is not ascertained.1 Not infrequently the physician believes that a thrombus or embolus had actually been present but was lost or dislodged during the post-mortem examination.1 (An unfortunate but frequently convenient excuse for this mysterious disappearance is the assumed ineptness of the resident.) So often has this question arisen that a few pathologists request that the attending physicians witness the dissection of the mesenteric vessels to convince them that in some cases no vascular occlusion has in fact . . .
EUS-guided cytologic diagnosis of pancreatic endocrine tumors: Immunocytochemical features and the impact of on-site cytopathological assessment
Authors: C De Angelis, D Pacchioni, P Allegranza, F Brizzi, M Goss, M Bruno, P Carucci, A Barreca, L Mezzabotta, G Bussolati, D Reggio, M Rizzetto
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Introduction/Aims: Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors (PETs) are rare. Cytologic studies are scarce, in literature there are till now about 440 cases (15 studies from 1999 to 2010) diagnosed by means of EUS-FNA. In less than 200 a cytopathologist was present during the procedure for adequacy assessment on the aspirated material. Our aim is to report our single center experience in detecting and diagnosing PETs by means of EUS-FNA and to describe their cytopathologic and immunocytochemical features. Secondary aim is to outline the impact of cytopathological on-site assessment on the EUS-FNA accuracy in preoperative PETs diagnosis.
The forgotten role of consonant-like calls in theories of speech evolution
Authors: Adriano R Lameira
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Ackermann et al. provide an informative neurological road-map to primate call communication. However, the proposed model for speech evolution inadequately integrates comparative primate evidence. Critically, great ape voiceless calls are explicitly rendered unimportant, leaving the proposed model deprived of behavioral feedstock and proximate selective drivers capable of triggering the neurological transformations described by the authors in the primate brain.
AB1145-HPR From the World of Children to the World of Adults - A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: L.R. Knudsen, M. Bjerrum
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic disease affecting 1200 children in Denmark (1). Due to differences in the organization of the paediatric and adult setting, and a change in roles between the child and it9s parents, the transition from the paediatric to the adult setting can be challenging for adolescents with JIA (2, 3). However, little is known about promotive factors for successful JIA transition since few studies have explored the patient perspective and perception in the field. <h3>Objectives</h3> To explore the transition from the paediatric to the adult setting from the perspective of adolescents with JIA, and to discover important factors in successful transition. <h3>Methods</h3> Data was conducted through qualitative interviews with three adolescents with JIA aged 19 – 23 years with a disease duration from 10 – 21 years. A semi structured interview guide was applied comprising the following terms: Overall experience of transition, preparation for the transition, cultural differences and the impression of and collaboration with doctors and nurses. The interviews were taped, transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive content analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Seven main categories described experiences with transition: The first encounter with the adult ward, The experience of an inadequate preparation for the transition, Differences between the child and adult world, The impression of and collaboration with doctors and nurses, Needs and challenges related to development, Parent participation and The development of responsibility and independence. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Transition is challenging for adolescents due to an inadequate preparation and to cultural differences between the pediatric and adult setting. Data suggest that the gap can be minimized by a better preparation, including a gradual involvement of the adolescent in the process, planned start-up at the adult ward and appointment of contact persons. <h3>References</h3> Gigtforeningen. [online]. 2013 [Cited 2014 January 23]; Available from: http://www.gigtforeningen.dk/viden+om+gigt/diagnoser/b%C3%B8rnegigt Shaw KL, Southwood TR, McDonagh JE. User perspectives of transitional care for adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology 2004 Jun;43(6):770-78. Östlie IL, Dale Ö, Möller A. From childhood to adult life with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA): A pilot study. Disabil Rehabil 2007 Mar;29(6):445-52. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> Thanks to the departmental management at the Department of Rheumatology AUH and Senior Reacher, Ph.D. Annette de Thurah for support and guidance. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1455
Amplification of RNAi—Targeting HLA mRNAs
Authors: Sergio Gonzalez, Daniela Castanotto, Haitang Li, Simon Olivares, Michael C. Jensen, Stephen J. Forman, John J. Rossi, Laurence J.N. Cooper
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Posttranscriptional suppression of gene expression can be achieved by introduction of sequence-specific small interfering (si) RNA duplexes and by de novo intracellular synthesis of short sequence-specific double-stranded RNAs. However, achieving desired levels of knockdown is a barrier to successful analytic and therapeutic application. We demonstrate that increasing expression of introduced short hairpin RNA (shRNA) can markedly enhance RNA interference (RNAi) and that this approach can be used to achieve maximal target down-regulation, when the choice of optimal siRNA-binding sites is restricted or when multiple genes are simultaneously targeted and the amount of siRNA is limiting. A dose-dependent RNAi effect was accomplished by placing copies of shRNA under control of the Pol III U6 small nuclear RNA promoter in tandem in a DNA vector. Using this system, we achieved simultaneous down-regulation of expression of classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I genes in cultured and primary human T cells, which might be applied to help circumvent T-cell-mediated rejection of immunogenic and/or HLA-disparate allografts.