tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTH-284 Reasons for the non-operative treatment of colorectal cancer; who, why, and how to improve
Authors: L Newton, GA Harris, M Courtney, S Mills
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Bowel resection is the treatment of choice for most patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) but a significant minority are managed non-operatively. The National Bowel Cancer Audit (NBOCA) highlights possible reasons for non-operative treatment; patient frailty, advanced disease or too little cancer to warrant major surgery, but acknowledged some missing data on pre-treatment stage.<sup>1</sup>This study reviews the reasons for non-resection in a large cohort with a complete dataset. <h3>Method</h3> A consecutive series of patients with CRC known to a single NHS Trust with a date of diagnosis 01/04/10 – 31/03/14 were identified from a prospectively populated database. Demographic details and treatment type (formal resection, local resection, non-operative) were exported, along with reasons for non-operative management; Dukes’ stage (i.e. “too little” or “too much” cancer), co-morbidity (“too frail”) and patient preference. Where there was more than one reason for non-operative management, categorisation was hierarchical (Dukes’ stage, then co-morbidity, then patient preference). <h3>Results</h3> A total of 1259 patients were ascertained of whom 65 were excluded from further analysis as their treatment took place outside the Trust. Of the remaining 1194 (M:F 1.4:1, mean age 71, range 29–100) the majority had a surgical resection (mean age 70, range 29–96). 382 (32.0%) did not have a major surgical resection (mean age 75, range 39–100). Of these, seventy-one (18.6%) had a local resection and were all Dukes’ stage A (‘too little cancer’). Two hundred and fifteen (56.3%) were patients with advanced disease (‘too much cancer’). Seventy-three (19.1%) had significant co-morbidity (‘too frail’) and the remaining 23 (6.0%) declined surgical resection. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The reasons for non-operative treatment can be categorised as disease or patient-specific. In the majority of cases (74.9%) the reason was disease specific, i.e. locally resectable disease not requiring major resection, or advanced disease where resection may not confer survival benefit. Appropriate endoscopic resection is to the patient’s benefit. For those with too much cancer however, there may have been missed opportunities for diagnosis earlier in the natural history of their disease. Further work is on-going to examine this possibility. Assessment of frailty at this trust is currently relatively subjective and may therefore under or overstate risk. The introduction of cardiopulmonary exercise testing is planned which will allow a more objective assessment. Whether or not this will change the proportion of patients in the ‘too frail’ group is as yet unknown. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> National Bowel Cancer Audit (NBOCA) 2014
Redox Regulation of Stem-like Cells Though the CD44v-xCT Axis in Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Huai-Qiang Ju, Yun-Xin Lu, Dong-Liang Chen, Tian Tian, Hai-Yu Mo, Xiao-Li Wei, Jian-Wei Liao, Feng Wang, Zhao-Lei Zeng, Helene Pelicano, Mitzi Aguilar, Wei-Hua Jia, Rui-Hua Xu
Journal: Theranostics (2016)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common neoplastic disease and a frequent cause of death.Drug resistance is a major challenge to CRC treatment and stem-like side-population (SP) cells may play a key role in this resistance.Although it has been recognized that cancer stem cells may be affected by redox status, the underlying mechanisms for this effect and the roles of celllular redox adaptation and antioxidant capacity in CRC remain elusive.Our study shows that CRC SP cells are highly dependent on cellular GSH to maintain ROS levels below those of non-SP cells.Exposing CRC cells to H 2 O 2 produced a significant decrease in the percentage of SP cells, which was rescued by adding N-acetylcysteine.Mechanistically, CD44v interacts with and stabilizes xCT and thereby promotes the uptake of cysteine for GSH synthesis and stimulates SP cell enrichment.Additionally, miR-1297 levels were inversely correlated with the expression of xCT; thus, reduced miR-1297 contributes to SP cell enrichment in CRC tumors, which results in tumor aggressiveness and poor clinical outcomes.Importantly, redox modification by PEITC significantly reduces CRC SP cells in vitro and impairs tumors growth in vivo.The combination of 5FU and PEITC led to synergistic cytotoxic effects against CRC cells in vitro and in vivo.Taken together, our data suggest that a GSH-mediated reduction in cellular ROS levels is an essential regulator of CRC SP cells mediated by the CD44v-xCT axis, and disrupting the redox status may eliminate the chemotherapy-resistant CRC SP cells with potentially significant benefits for cancer treatment.
Can prophylactic CNS radiotherapy be omitted in high-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia?
Authors: W Balwierz, J Armata, S Skoczeń, W Strojny
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1997)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1997.15.8.3024 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 9256149 Can prophylactic CNS radiotherapy be omitted in high-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia? W BalwierzxW BalwierzSearch for articles by this author , J ArmataxJ ArmataSearch for articles by this author , S SkoczeńxS SkoczeńSearch for articles by this author , W StrojnyxW StrojnySearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1997.15.8.3024 First Page PDF © 1997 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
The 5th Asia-Pacific Primary Liver Cancer Expert Meeting (APPLE 2014), A Bridge to a Consensus on HCC Management, Taipei, Taiwan, July 11-13, 2014: Abstracts
Authors: Masatoshi Kudo, Osamu Matsui, Namiki Izumi, Hiroko Iijima, Masumi Kadoya, Yasuharu Imai, Takuji Okusaka, Shiro Miyayama, Kaoru Tsuchiya, Kazuomi Ueshima, Atsushi Hiraoka, Masafumi Ikeda, Sadahisa Ogasawara, Tatsuya Yamashita, Tetsuya Minami, Koichiro Yamakado, Gerond Lake-Bakaar, Muneeb Ahmed, Amy Evenson, Alan Bonder, Salomao Faintuch, Vinay Sundaram, Jean-Luc Raoul, Joong-Won Park, Yoon-Koo Kang, Richard S Finn, Jun Suk Kim, Winnie Yeo, Naoshi Nishida, Masatoshi Kudo, Chihwan Choi, Gi Hong Choi, Tae Hyun Kim, Masatoshi Tanaka, Mao-Bin Meng, Jinsil Seong, Blasé N Polite, Yee Chao, Ian Walters, Christine Baudelet, Riccardo Lencioni, Kathryn Effendi, Ken Yamazaki, Mariko Fukuma, Michiie Sakamoto, on behalf of the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan
Journal: Liver Cancer (2014)

Liver cancer has posed a huge disease burden on the Korean population.Liver cancer is the 4th most common cancer in Korea after stomach cancer, colon cancer and lung cancer in order.Chronic viral hepatitis B and C are the major causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Korea.Especially, hepatitis B virus infection rate is very high and over 70% of HCC is related to hepatitis B infection.In the prevaccination era before 1980s, 6.6~8.6% of the general Korean population tested positive for HBsAg.To reduce the high disease burden of hepatitis B, the Korean Government implemented public health programs such as universal viral hepatitis B vaccination for neonates in 1995 and vertical transmission prevention program for the neonates from HBsAg positive mothers in 2002.The HBsAg positive rate has been decreasing thanks to the success of those vaccination programs.The HBsAg positive rate in adults aged over 20 years is about 4% and less than 1% in aged less than 20 years in 2012 according to the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey data.Through vertical transmission prevention program initiated in 2002, hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccination were provided to about 170,000 neonates and the success rate of the vertical transmission reached about 97%.Also the cost for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis B is covered by the National Health Insurance.Hepatitis C infection rate is less than 1% in individuals aged less than 50 years -0% in aged 10~18, 0.1% in aged 19~29, 0.3% in aged 20~39, 0.9% in aged 40~49 -and 1~2% in aged older than 50 years.The cost for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis C is covered by the National Health Insurance like hepatitis B as well.Despite of the successful implementation of the National Immunization Program, the disease burden of viral hepatitis and liver cancer is still high in Korea, various programs to reduce the disease burden should be in place in the future.
Patterned and Specific Attachment of Bacteria on Biohybrid Bacteria‐Driven Microswimmers
Authors: Ajay Vikram Singh, Metin Sitti
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

A surface patterning technique and a specific and strong biotin-streptavidin bonding of bacteria on patterned surfaces are proposed to fabricate Janus particles that are propelled by the attached bacteria. Bacteria-driven Janus microswimmers with diameters larger than 3 μm show enhanced mean propulsion speed. Such microswimmers could be used for future applications such as targeted drug delivery and environmental remediation.
A cluster of hepatitis B infections associated with incorrect use of a capillary blood sampling device in a nursing home in the Netherlands, 2007
Authors: H M Gotz, M Schutten, G J Borsboom, B Hendriks, G van Doornum, O de Zwart
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

In July 2007, two residents of a nursing home were diagnosed with acute Hepatitis B virus infection. To identify risk factors for HBV infection a retrospective cohort study among residents was performed. Case finding included discharged diabetes patients and those receiving home care. Among 32 residents one case of chronic hepatitis B was found that could be identified by genotyping as the source patient for the acute cases. Diabetes and finger sticks were risk factors for HBV infection. Most likely the cause of transmission was a multiclix finger stick device developed for use in individual patients but used in multiple patients. Education and training in the use of new equipment and hygiene audits remain the cornerstones in infection control practices.
Tips for a Physician in Getting the Right Job, Part I
Authors: Jay A. Harolds
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A doctor should try to have at least 1 year to do a job search. This allows time to learn how to find a new job, do a careful assessment of what is best for both the doctor and his family in terms of the type of job and the location, prepare an appropriate curriculum vitae, find and research the prospective employers, practice for interviews, go on multiple interviews, have successful contract negotiations, and get hospital privileges and a license in the state. Also, sometimes it is useful or required to work for a week for a prospective employer, to see if there is still mutual interest. The first part of this multi-part article focuses on the self assessment of the doctor and his family to help them determine the location and the type of job that is best for them.
Prognostic Value Of sFLC Ratio At Baseline On Response After Induction Therapy In Patients With Multiple Myeloma In The GMMG MM5 Trial
Authors: Mabast Moohialdin, Hans Salwender, Uta Bertsch, Jan Duerig, Christina Kunz, Thomas Hielscher, Markus Zorn, Mathias Haenel, Igor Wolfgang Blau, Dirk Hose, Baerbel Schurich, Kai Neben, Anja Seckinger, Markus Munder, Walter Lindemann, Matthias Zeis, Christian Gerecke, Ingo GH Schmidt-Wolf, Katja Weisel, Christof Scheid, Hartmut Goldschmidt
Journal: Blood (2013)
Salmonellosis in Laboratory Animals&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Habermann, Robert T., Williams, Fletcher P.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1958)

Journal Article Salmonellosis in Laboratory Animals Get access Robert T. Habermann, DVM, Robert T. Habermann, DVM National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases,2Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Fletcher P. Williams, Jr., B.S. Fletcher P. Williams, Jr., B.S. National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases,2Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 20, Issue 5, May 1958, Pages 933–947, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/20.5.933 Published: 01 May 1958
Estimating Vitamin D Status and the Choice of Supplementation Dose—Reply
Authors: Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari, E. John Orav, Bess Dawson-Hughes
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Fluoride, Calcium Salts, Hormones Tried in Osteoporosis Therapy
Authors: V KNIGHT, W F FLEET, D J LANG
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Negative Impact of Indwelling Biliary Stent on Gallbladder Visualization on Cholescintigraphy
Authors: Hunbo Shim, Andrew Aikins, Hyewon Hyun, Hyung Jin Choi, Chun K. Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

Presence of biliary stent may alter biliary dynamics, which may change the results of cholescintigraphy. We assessed the frequency of gallbladder (GB) nonvisualization and its specificity for acute cholecystitis (AC) in patients with stent.Of 44 with stent who had cholescintigraphy, 22 were excluded because of prior cholecystectomy or little to no radiotracer excretion from the liver precluding assessment of GB filling. Cholescintigraphy performed on the remaining 22 with stent and their medical records were reviewed. We also assessed the frequency of GB nonvisualization in the comparison group of 1044 without stent who had cholescintigraphy for evaluation of AC.Gallbladder was not visualized in 21 (96%) of 22 with stent, 10 of whom did not have high clinical suspicion of AC. Gallbladder was visualized in only 1 patient on delayed imaging at 4 hours. Four had cholecystectomy, 3 had chronic cholecystitis and 1 AC superimposed on chronic cholecystitis. The highest possible specificity derived from our data assuming an extreme hypothetical scenario was only 25% with the true specificity likely being 7% or lower. In contrast to patients with stents, only 188 (18%) of the 1044 without stent had GB nonvisualization (P < 0.0001).In patients with stents, cholescintigraphy using morphine augmentation or 4-hour delayed imaging is futile to evaluate for AC because the frequency of GB nonvisualization is high and the specificity of GB visualization is low. It is unknown whether further delayed imaging at 24 hours would improve the study efficacy in this population.
An Unusual Bone Metastasis Mimicking SAPHO (Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis, and Osteitis) Syndrome on Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Jianming Ni, Ping Tang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

The costosternoclavicular region is not a common bone metastasis site, and symmetrical involvement is even rarer. Increased tracer uptake in the manubrium and sternoclavicular joints usually gives the typical "bull-horn" appearance seen in SAPHO syndrome (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis). Herein, we report a case of a 47-year-old woman with a history of invasive ductal carcinoma who had undergone left radical mastectomy 3 years earlier and presented with typical increased tracer uptake in the bilateral sternocostoclavicular region resembling the so-called bull horn. The final diagnosis of metastasis from breast cancer was made histopathologically following biopsy.
Vehicular Traffic–Related Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure and Breast Cancer Incidence: The Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project (LIBCSP)
Authors: Irina Mordukhovich, Jan Beyea, Amy H. Herring, Maureen Hatch, Steven D. Stellman, Susan L. Teitelbaum, David B. Richardson, Robert C. Millikan, Lawrence S. Engel, Sumitra Shantakumar, Susan E. Steck, Alfred I. Neugut, Pavel Rossner, Regina M. Santella, Marilie D. Gammon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental pollutants, known human lung carcinogens, and potent mammary carcinogens in laboratory animals. However, the association between PAHs and breast cancer in women is unclear. Vehicular traffic is a major ambient source of PAH exposure.Our study aim was to evaluate the association between residential exposure to vehicular traffic and breast cancer incidence.Residential histories of 1,508 participants with breast cancer (case participants) and 1,556 particpants with no breast cancer (control participants) were assessed in a population-based investigation conducted in 1996-1997. Traffic exposure estimates of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), as a proxy for traffic-related PAHs, for the years 1960-1995 were reconstructed using a model previously shown to generate estimates consistent with measured soil PAHs, PAH-DNA adducts, and CO readings. Associations between vehicular traffic exposure estimates and breast cancer incidence were evaluated using unconditional logistic regression.The odds ratio (95% CI) was modestly elevated by 1.44 (0.78, 2.68) for the association between breast cancer and long-term 1960-1990 vehicular traffic estimates in the top 5%, compared with below the median. The association with recent 1995 traffic exposure was elevated by 1.14 (0.80, 1.64) for the top 5%, compared with below the median, which was stronger among women with low fruit/vegetable intake [1.46 (0.89, 2.40)], but not among those with high fruit/vegetable intake [0.92 (0.53, 1.60)]. Among the subset of women with information regarding traffic exposure and tumor hormone receptor subtype, the traffic-breast cancer association was higher for those with estrogen/progesterone-negative tumors [1.67 (0.91, 3.05) relative to control participants], but lower among all other tumor subtypes [0.80 (0.50, 1.27) compared with control participants].In our population-based study, we observed positive associations between vehicular traffic-related B[a]P exposure and breast cancer incidence among women with comparatively high long-term traffic B[a]P exposures, although effect estimates were imprecise.Mordukhovich I, Beyea J, Herring AH, Hatch M, Stellman SD, Teitelbaum SL, Richardson DB, Millikan RC, Engel LS, Shantakumar S, Steck SE, Neugut AI, Rossner P Jr., Santella RM, Gammon MD. 2016. Vehicular traffic-related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and breast cancer incidence: the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project (LIBCSP). Environ Health Perspect 124:30-38; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307736.
Soundings: Feel free to ululate
Authors: James Owen Drife
Journal: BMJ (2002)

In Pretoria a few weeks ago the jacaranda trees were blooming. The highway near the airport was lined with the offices of multinational companies, gleaming in the sunshine. As we reached Johannesburg the nation's health problems intruded. An advertising gantry read: “ ‘I only do skin to skin’ John (18) . . . ‘Wrap it or zip it’ Zena (17).”

We were visiting the national college. In Britain, medical royal colleges are regrettably independent from one another but The Colleges of Medicine of South Africa have a single senate, a common admission ceremony, and one shared base in each city. Johannesburg's low-rise building is surrounded by roses as well as railings and in the foyer is an unexpected portrait of Lord Lister.

It became clear that the senate, like his lordship, was white, male, and no longer youthful, but this was about to change. At the annual general meeting the next day, the old senate was retiring, to be replaced by one which included “previously disadvantaged groups”—non-whites and women. It had not been easy to organise the transition but the outgoing senators were proud that it had been achieved.

At sunset we headed for the admission ceremony in a nearby auditorium. We lined up outside in academic robes, while on stage a choir, gowned and smiling, swayed to and fro in rich harmony. “We have the best music in the world,” murmured an outgoing senator in the darkness.

The new president, whose wife has written a textbook about the Xhosa language, was bonhomie personified. “This is a joyful occasion,” he told the audience. “When your relatives receive their diplomas, feel free to clap or ululate.” (He and his wife were white—does it matter?)

Applause from a large hall is a potentially cruel gauge of opinion. This multiracial audience did not snub or patronise but simply enjoyed the success of a long line of doctors of all specialties and races. There was indeed sporadic ululation. Honorary fellows from abroad, black or white, were welcomed equally.

South Africa has ways of bringing a lump to your throat, whether at the thought of Nelson Mandela's 27 years on Robben Island, or those long lines of people waiting patiently to vote in the first integrated election. In October it was at the sound of that African choir singing Gaudeamus igitur as our procession left.