tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reversible Decerebrate and Decorticate Postures in Hepatic Coma
Authors: John P. Conomy, Michael Swash
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Reversible decerebrate and decorticate postures ordinarily indicate advanced and irreversible disease of the brain, but in three patients these postures were a presenting feature of hepatic coma, and in this situation were reversible. One patient died, and at autopsy no responsible lesions in the nervous system were found. Hepatic coma should be included in the differential diagnosis of coma with decerebrate and decorticate postures, even when signs of liver disease are not initially evident.
Abstract 4242: Clinically used nitrocatechols and EGCG synergistically inhibit lung cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Sarah C. Forester, Joshua D. Lambert
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Polyphenols are likely to be responsible for the anticancer effects of green tea, with (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) the most well-studied. EGCG reduces lung cancer cell viability effectively in vitro, yet it is methylated by catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), limiting its effectiveness in inhibiting cancer cell growth. The nitrocatechol drugs entacapone and tolcapone are potent inhibitors of COMT and are used to mitigate effects of Parkinson's disease. Here, we investigated the synergistic effects of entacapone/tolcapone and EGCG in human (H1299) and murine (CL-13) cell lines. The IC50s of entacapone, tolcapone, and EGCG were 76.8, 29.3, and 174.9 μM, respectively in H1299 cells, and 50.7, 19.7, and 181.5 μM, respectively in CL-13 cells following treatment for 72 h. The IC50s were dramatically reduced when entacapone and tolcapone were used in combination with EGCG. The interactions were determined to be synergistic using isobolographic analysis. Inhibition of COMT-mediated methylation of EGCG by entacapone and tolcapone was also measured by LC-MS over 30 min and the IC50 values were 10 and 20 μM, respectively. The anticancer effects of the nitrocatechols and EGCG were also evaluated in pathways of apoptosis (TUNEL) and cell cycle (flow cytometry). In conclusion, the combination of EGCG and entacapone or tolcapone has greater lung cancer growth inhibitory activity than treatment with any of the single compounds. The mechanistic basis for this synergy is likely due in part to COMT inhibition, yet other mechanisms are also likely to play a role. Funded by NIH grant AT004678. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4242. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4242
Abstract LB-104: The histone deacetylase SIRT2 regulates the cell proliferation and tumorigenicity of glioblastoma cancer stem cells
Authors: Kosuke Funato, Yukiko Nasu-Nishimura, Kanae Echizen, Tomoki Todo, Yasushi Ino, Nobuhito Saito, Ryo Koyama-Nasu, Takeaki Oda, Tetsu Akiyama
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Despite huge efforts, glioblastoma has remained one of the most intractable tumors. According to the cancer stem cell theory, the aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis of glioblastoma are attributed to the rare tumor cells called glioblastoma cancer stem cells (GSCs), which are poorly differentiated and share features with neural stem cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the tumorigenicity and stemness of GSCs are still to be elucidated. In this study, we performed an RNA-interference (RNAi)-based screen and identified 29 genes that positively regulate the expression of CD133. Among these, we focused on the histone deacetylase SIRT2. When the function of SIRT2 was inhibited by RNAi or the specific inhibitor AGK2, sphere-forming capacity and cell proliferation were significantly decreased. In addition, knockdown of SIRT2 induced apoptosis in GSCs but not in “serum-differentiated” GSCs, suggesting a stem-cell specific function of SIRT2. Furthermore, GSCs in which SIRT2 expression was stably repressed by a specific small hairpin RNA (shRNA) showed impaired tumorigenicity when transplanted into immunocompromised mice. Taken together, these results imply that SIRT2 is a possible therapeutic target for glioblastoma and the existing SIRT2 inhibitors should be useful seed compounds for novel antitumor drugs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-104. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-104
HIGH RISK HEART FAILURE PATIENT MULTIDISCIPLINARY CARE PATHWAY: IMPROVING CARE AND OUTCOMES
Authors: Kismet Rasmusson, Jose Benuzillo, Deborah Budge, Benjamin Horne, Colleen Roberts, Jennifer Nixon, Norma Geer, Lynette Penrod, Jason Buckway, Donald Lappe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Familial Syndrome of Streak Gonads and Normal Male Karyotype in Five Phenotypic Females
Authors: Eric A. Espiner, Arthur M. O. Veale, Valerie E. Sands, Peter H. Fitzgerald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Five related phenotypic females, representing three different sibships in the same family, were found to have pure gonadal dysgenesis, which was confirmed by the finding of streak gonads at laparotomy in each case. Cytogenetic studies in a number of different tissues showed a normal male (XY) karyotype in all affected members, none of whom had signs of Turner's syndrome. Hormone studies carried out in two of the five cases indicated negligible estrogen excretion and no gonadal response to the stimulus of human chorionic gonadotrophin. No evidence of testicular differentiation was seen histologically in any of the streaks examined. Transmission of this disorder of testicular development by genes on the X chromosome or an autosome, as described in other genetic disorders of male development, is the most likely mode of inheritance.
Abstract 377: Inhibition of c-Met and VEGFR by XL184 reduces tumor invasiveness and metastasis and prolongs survival of RIP-Tag2 transgenic mice
Authors: Barbara Sennino, Ryan M. Naylor, Sebastien P. Tabruyn, Weon-Kyoo You, Dana T. Aftab, Donald M. McDonald
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Recent studies have shown that inhibition of VEGF signaling can promote tumor invasiveness and metastasis in some preclinical models. The mechanism underlying the increased aggressiveness is not fully understood but activation of the hepatocyte growth factor/c-Met pathway may be a factor. We addressed this mechanism by determining whether inhibition of VEGFR and c-Met together can reduce tumor growth and invasiveness and improve host survival. Our approach was to compare the effects of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, XL184 (BMS-907351), which blocks VEGFR and c-Met, with the effects of an antibody that selectively blocks mouse VEGF. After treatment of pancreatic islet cell tumors in 14-week-old RIP-Tag2 mice withanti-mouse VEGF antibody for 3 weeks, the tumors were smaller (tumor area 4.3 ± 0.8 mm2 in antibody group versus 17.3 ± 6.5 mm2 in vehicle group, P &amp;lt; 0.05) but had greater expression of c-Met. Tumors treated with anti-VEGF antibody also had more irregular borders, indicative of invasion of the surrounding acinar pancreas (invasion index 18.9 versus 12.7 in vehicle group, P &amp;lt; 0.05), and more abundant liver metastases (metastases 2.73 ± 1.83 /mm2 versus 0.45 ± 0.12 /mm2 in vehicle group, P &amp;lt; 0.05). By comparison, mice treated with XL184 not only had smaller tumors (tumor area 0.7 ± 0.1 mm2, P &amp;lt; 0.05) than in the other groups but also had less invasive tumors (invasion index 4.5, P &amp;lt; 0.05), and lacked liver metastases. All mice treated with XL184 from 14 weeks of age survived until 20 weeks (n = 6), but none treated with vehicle (n = 14) or anti-VEGF antibody (n = 8) reached that end point. These results show that selective inactivation of VEGF reduces tumor growth but leads to greater invasiveness and metastasis in the RIP-Tag2 model. However, inhibition of VEGFR and c-Met by XL184 not only slows tumor growth but also decreases tumor invasiveness and liver metastasis and prolongs host survival. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 377.
P1-01-08: Expression of Interleukin-15 (IL-15) and the IL-15 Receptor in Human Breast Cancer.
Authors: AJ Sanders, L Ye, XQ Wei, RE Mansel, WG Jiang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Interleukin-15 (IL15) is a cytokine that influences activation and proliferation of T-lymphocytes. IL-15 is produced in the body leukocytes such as phagocytes and in many ways has similar immunoregulatory functions to IL-2 including stimulation of NK cells and CD8(+) T cells. It has been suggested that IL-15 may increase the immunity to cancer cells and cancer cell's response to therapeutic agents. IL-15 has also been shown to be able to inhibit tumour growth in vivo. However, the expression profile of IL-15 and IL-15 receptor (IL-15) in solid tumours including human breast cancer is not clear. The present study investigated the expression profile of both IL-15 and IL-15R in human breast cancer and deduced a clinical and pathological relevance with breast cancer. Methods: Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect IL-15 and IL-15RA in mammary tissues. IL-15 and IL-15RA transcripts were analysed using real-time quantitative PCR method. Levels of IL-15 and IL-15RA were compared in normal and tumour tissues as well as against tumour staging, nodal status, disease progression and clinical outcome after a 10-year followup. Results: Both IL-15 and IL-15RA were detectable in mammary tissues and were seen in both epithelial cells and infiltrating cells. Node positive tumours had low levels of IL-15 compared with node negative tumours (21.7±10 vs 103±46, respectively). Late stage tumour also had lower levels of IL-15 (95±43, 31±15, 3.7±2 and 1.3±1.15 for stage I, II, III and IV tumours respectively. p=0.036 and p=0.032, stage-II and Stage-III vs stage-I). Patients with metastatic disease (10.3±3) and patients died of breast cancer related conditions (8.5±6) had markedly low levels of IL-15 when compared with those who were disease free (54.7±25). The disease free survival time for patients with low levels IL-15 was 126 (114-138, 95%CI) months, compared with 139 (131-148) months for those with high levels of IL-15. Despite the reduced expression of IL-15 in aggressive tumours, expression of IL-15 receptor, IL-15RA, did not display a significant change and failed to showed a link with nodal status, tumour staging and clinical outcome. Conclusions: Interleukin-15, an immuoregulatory cytokine, has an aberrant expression in human breast cancer. Low levels of IL-15, but not IL-15 receptor, is associated with the aggressiveness and disease progression of breast cancer. Together with reported effect of IL-15 on NK cells and other anti-tumour lymphocytes, IL-15 appears to be a useful therapeutic option. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-08.
Predictors of Rehospitalization for Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism after Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Richard H. White, Sharmeen Gettner, Jeffrey M. Newman, Kenneth B. Trauner, Patrick S. Romano
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Recent studies have shown that symptomatic venous thromboembolism after total hip arthroplasty most commonly develops after the patient is discharged from the hospital. Risk factors associated with these symptomatic thromboembolic events are not well defined.
Expert Panel Considers Ways to Overcome Nicotine Addiction
Authors: F. X. Mahaney
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Expert Panel Considers Ways to Overcome Nicotine Addiction Get access Francis X. Mahaney Francis X. Mahaney Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 80, Issue 10, 20 July 1988, Pages 718–719, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.10.718 Published: 20 July 1988
Adjuvant Therapy Benefits Dukes'C Colon Cancer Patients
Authors: K. Smigel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Adjuvant Therapy Benefits Dukes'C Colon Cancer Patients Get access Kara Smigel Kara Smigel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 21, 1 November 1989, Pages 1605–1607, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.21.1605 Published: 01 November 1989
Case 20-2012
Authors: Hasan Bazari, Alexander R. Guimaraes, Yael B. Kushner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

A 77-year-old man was transferred to this hospital because of edema, hematuria, and acute renal failure. A renal biopsy had shown crescentic glomerulonephritis. Diagnostic test results were received, and management decisions were made.
Abstract P4-01-13: Practice patterns of MRI utilization for breast cancer treatment within the University of California system as part of the Athena initiative
Authors: CA Tokin, H Ojeda, JS Mayadev, NM Hylton, BL Fowble, HS Rugo, S Hwang, S Hurvitz, C Wells, SL Blair
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: The appropriate utilization of Breast MRI in breast cancer care remains controversial. As part of a quality improvement initiative for breast cancer screening and treatment, we sent out a survey to physicians who treat breast cancer patients. All respondents are participants in the ATHENA initiative, a program which unites physicians, researchers, and patients at the five University of California medical centers. Objective: To use the ATHENA infrastructure to perform a qualitative analysis of variations in breast cancer care. Methods: Surveys were sent to 50 physicians in the ATHENA network whose practices are focused on breast cancer. Respondents were presented with clinical scenarios, and asked whether they would recommend MRI always/usually or sometimes/never. Differences were compared by Chi square. Results: 39 physicians completed the survey (78% response rate). Of these physicians 29% were surgeons, 26% radiation oncologists and 45% medical oncologists. Athena physicians were more likely to order MRI for high risk screening of mutation carriers than not (85% yes vs. 15% no, p &amp;lt; 0.003) but not based on breast density alone or previous history of breast cancer. They were also more likely to order it for monitoring neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (70% yes vs. 30% no, p &amp;lt; 0.03). Although the majority answered that they would order a Breast MRI for new breast cancer the difference between responses was not significantly different (56% yes vs. 44%, p = 0.07). Conclusion: Athena physicians follow established published guidelines which demonstrate a benefit for Breast MRI screening for BRCA mutation carriers but not based on density or previous history of breast cancer. The Athena network allows a forum for new practice guidelines to be implemented as data becomes available to improve patient outcomes and utilize the best evidence for patient care, where both the patterns of MRI use as well as the outcomes of practice patterns will be evaluated prospectively. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-01-13.
Effect of Heparin on the Blood Ammonia Determination
Authors: Harold O. Conn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

AT present the blood ammonia determination is widely used in clinical medicine and research. Various authors have reported enormous differences in the normal range of blood ammonia concentrations with both the Conway1 and the Seligson2 method. Mean values for blood ammonia nitrogen in normal subjects with the Conway technic have ranged from 10.63 to 204 microgm. per 100 ml.4 Similarly, with the Seligson method, wide variations have been reported,2 , 5 6 7 8 9 10 normal limits ranging from 30 to 907 to 90 to 200 microgm. per 100 ml.6‡The determination of blood ammonia is affected by a number of factors, including temperature,1 , 3 the concentration . . .
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ASSESSMENT OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE, BUT WITH ANGIOGRAPHICALLY NON-OBSTRUCTIVE LESIONS
Authors: Myong Hwa Yamamoto, Akiko Maehara, Lei Song, Mitsuaki Matsumura, Chee Yang Chin, Monica Losquardo, Fernando Sosa, Gary Mintz, Richard Shlofmitz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
AB0389 Evaluation of Serum Level of Golimumab and Antibodies Anti-Golimumab in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases: Results from A Local Registry
Authors: J. Rosas, F. Llinares-Tello, S. Martín, J.M. Senabre, E. Salas, S. Oliver, G. Santos Soler, C. Santos Ramírez, X. Barber, A. Pons, C. Cano, M. Lorente
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

Objectives To assess the clinical relevance of serum levels of Golimumab (GLM) and the prevalence of antibodies anti-Golimumab (anti-GLM-Ab), in patients with rheumatic diseases. Methods We included 49 test of serum level of GLM and anti-GLM-Ab in 27 consecutives patients, on treatment with GLM at least 6 months, diagnosed of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), peripheral psoriatic arthritis (PsA) (18 test in 9 patients), or ankylosing spondylitis (AS) (31 test in 18 patients). Clinical characteristics, clinical activity index (DAS in 28 joints or SDAI, for RA and PsA; BASFI, BASDAI for AS, were recorded. Serum levels of GLM and anti-GLM-Ab was evaluated by a new ELISA kit developing: Promonitor®-GLM y Promonitor®-anti-GLM-Ab (Proteomika, Derio. Vizcaya. Spain). Cut-off level for serum level of GLM was >32 ng/mL and for anti-GLM-Ab was >20 UA/mL. Serum samples were collected before injection of GLM, and stored frozen -80°C, until analysis. Results We enrolled 27 patients, 56% were women; mean age 50±12 years. The diagnosis of patients was: RA/PsA in 33% (37% of total test) and AS in 67% (63% of tests). The average time of treatment for the whole population was 14±13 years; but lower in AR/PsA patients respect to AS patients (9.5 vs 17 years; p=0.08). In patients with RA/PsA, the mean DAS28 and SDAI was 2.03±1 and 4.2±5.8 respectively; in AS patients the mean BASDAI and ASDAS was 6.7 and 3.5, respectively. The mean time on treatment with GLM was 12±9 months (range: 1-28). 65% of patients was treated with some DMARD (100% of patients with RA/PsA) and 65% have treated before with some anti-TNF drugs: adalimumab: 40%, etanercept: 35%, infliximab: 25% (1 anti-TNF: 18%; 2 anti-TNF: 31%; 3 anti-TNF: 16%). The mean serum level of GLM was 1.006 ng/mL (RA/PsA: 889 ng/mL vs AS: 986 ng/mL). Three (11%) patients had developed anti-TNF antibodies previously: 2 patients against infliximab and 1 patient against adalimumab. One patient with AS on GLM treatment as the third anti-TNF (adalimumab and etanercept), and with previously ant-adalimumab antibodies, developed anti-GLM-Ab (773 UA/mL), in the sixth month of treatment, losing efficacy (prevalence of anti-GLM-Ab in the total patients: 4%). In the group of patients who had been developed anti-adalimumab antibodies, 20% of them developed anti-GLM-Ab. Conclusions 1. Immunogenicity induced by GLM is scarce. The prevalence of anti-GLM-Ab was of 4% of patients in this study. 2. In 20% of patients with previous anti-adalimumab antibodies, developed anti-GLM-Ab. Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3862
Staining and magnifying the mucosa: are biopsies no longer required?
Authors: Helmut Neumann, Klaus Mönkemüller
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

William Shakespeare asked in his Sonnet 101: “wilt though not haply say, ‘Truth needs no colour, with his colour fixed; Beauty no pencil, beauty’s truth to lay; But best is best, if never intermixed’?”
PTU-160 Successful clearance of chronic noroviral infection by ribavirin in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency-associated enteropathy results in complete symptomatic and histopathological resolution
Authors: J Woodward, A Ng, A Aravinthan, B Bandoh, H Liu, S Davies, P Stevenson, M Curran, D Kumararatne
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> We have recently demonstrated an association between chronic Noroviral infection and Common Variable Immunodeficiency-associated (CVID) enteropathy. Here we describe a patient with CVID enteropathy treated with Ribavirin. <h3>Methods</h3> A 33-year-old lady with known CVID presented to our service in 2003 with 20% weight loss, nausea and profuse diarrhoea. Investigations revealed classical appearances of CVID enteropathy with subtotal duodenal villous atrophy, but no evidence of bacterial, enteroviral or parasitic infection. Treatment with gluten withdrawal, elemental diet, and budesonide were largely ineffective and she required parenteral nutrition for malabsorption and anti-TNFα therapy with Infliximab and subsequently Humira for symptom relief. No therapy changed the degree of villous atrophy. Following 6 years of symptoms, stool was noted to be positive on PCR for Norovirus RNA. Retrospective analysis of archived duodenal biopsies revealed the presence of Noroviral RNA in all biopsies from 2003 to 2009 and RNA sequencing showed this to be the same strain of virus throughout. In view of reported in vitro activity of Ribavirin against Norovirus, this agent was commenced with therapeutic level monitoring and quantitative stool PCR for Norovirus excretion. <h3>Results</h3> Once Ribavirin levels were &gt;1000 ng/ml, quantitative PCR demonstrated a reduction in Noroviral excretion which then became undetectable. Simultaneously, the patient reported dramatic symptomatic relief with a change from profuse diarrhoea to two formed motions a day, no nausea and return of appetite. Parenteral nutrition and Humira were stopped. Duodenal biopsies after 3 months showed complete resolution of villous morphology and were negative for Norovirus on PCR. Stool remained negative for Noroviral RNA. After 6 months Ribavirin therapy was stopped. The patient has remained asymptomatic for the subsequent 9 months with no evidence of recurrent Noroviral excretion. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Complete resolution of symptoms and duodenal villous atrophy with clearance of the Norovirus suggests that the association of Norovirus infection with CVID enteropathy is causal. Ribavirin may have activity against Norovirus in vivo and this first ever demonstration of a cure for this condition requires confirmation in other cases. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
DOES LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE EXCLUSION USING AN EPICARDIAL SYSTEM REDUCE SYSTEMIC BLOOD PRESSURES? THE DAWN OF A NEW FRONTIER
Authors: Dhanunjaya R. Lakkireddy, Johnson Rajasingh, Sandia Iskandar, Muhammad Afzal, Matthew Earnest, Donita Atkins, Sudharani Bommana, Luigi Di Biase, Sacha Salzberg, Basel Ramlawi, Rakesh Gopinathannair, Andrea Natale, James Cox
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Case 40-2012
Authors: Jeffrey L. Ecker, Ken Solt, Michael G. Fitzsimons, Thomas E. MacGillivray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

A 43-year-old woman had bradycardia, hypotension, and apnea after cesarean section for placenta previa. Examination revealed pulseless electrical activity. Diagnostic procedures were performed, and management decisions were made.