tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P033: Biomarkers Relation to Prevalent Metabolic Syndrome in African Americans: A Multimarker Approach
Authors: Pelbreton C Balfour, Solomon K Musani, Aurelian Bidulescu, Floyd Washington, Herman A Taylor, Vasan S Ramachandran, Ervin R Fox
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Multiple biological pathways have been related to metabolic syndrome (MetS) in both human and animal models. Whether biomarkers representing these pathways are associated with MetS has not been thoroughly investigated in African Americans. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that at least one biomarker from a panel of seven biomarkers representing inflammatory (high sensitivity C-reactive protein; leptin), neuro-hormonal activation (aldosterone, B-natriuretic peptide, BNP; cortisol), and endothelial dysfunction (endothelin; homocysteine) are associated with prevalent metabolic syndrome in a large African American sample population. Methods: This study consisted of a total of 4,006 Jackson Heart Study participants (53±13 years, 64% female) that attended two consecutive examination cycles five (4.7±0.8) years apart. Prevalent MetS was defined as the presence of at least 3 of the following conditions: elevated BP (≥ 130 mm Hg systolic, ≥ 85 mm Hg diastolic or treatment with antihypertensive medications); increased waist circumference (≥ 102 cm in mean or ≥ 88 cm in women); hyperglycemia (fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/ dL) or treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin; hypertriglyceridemia (≥ 150 mg/dL) or treatment with lipid lowering agents, and low HDL cholesterol (&lt; 40 mg/dL in men, &lt; 50 mg/dL in women). We used backward selection in multiple logistic regression models to identify biomarkers significantly associated with MetS. To account for effect of clinical correlates, we forced age, sex, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic pressures, fasting glucose and log triglycerides into the model. Results: Prevalent MetS was 27 % in the entire JHS participants (70% of which were women). Most participants had elevated blood pressure (85%), followed by high waist circumference (28 %) and HDL-cholesterol (20 %). We observed that prevalent metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with serum leptin (P&lt;0.0001) and aldosterone (P&lt;0.0001) after accounting for clinical correlates. Estimated effects, odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.62 (1.38, 1.91) and 1.28 (1.13, 1.40) for serum leptin concentration and aldosterone, respectively. Conclusions: In this large community-based epidemiological study we found using a multimarker approach that serum leptin and aldosterone are significantly related to prevalent MetS. These findings support the role of inflammation and neuro-hormonal transmitters in this clinical syndrome in African Americans. Further studies are needed to identify whether these markers predict incident metabolic syndrome and can serve as targets for medical therapy and clinical management.
Long-Term Therapy of Venous Thromboembolism in Cancer Patients
Authors: Michael B. Streiff
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2006)

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication in cancer patients that results in significant morbidity and mortality. Long-term treatment options for cancer patients who experience VTE include vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs), and inferior vena caval (IVC) filters. Cancer patients have a two- to fourfold higher risk for experiencing recurrent VTE and major bleeding during chronic VKA therapy than patients without malignancies. Recent randomized clinical trials have shown that LMWHs rather than oral VKAs are preferred for initial chronic treatment of VTE in patients with advanced cancer. One factor potentially limiting the broader use of LMWH for chronic therapy in the United States is its higher acquisition cost. Efficacy, cost, drug availability, patient comorbidities, and concomitant medications all need to be considered when selecting chronic VTE therapy. Cancer patients with VTE should be treated for as long as their disease is active to minimize the incidence of recurrence. Use of IVC filters should generally be reserved for patients at high risk for recurrent VTE who have contraindications to anticoagulation. Several new anticoagulants are being investigated that promise greater therapeutic choices and potentially better outcomes for cancer patients with VTE.
Potentiation of Hypoglycemic Effect of Sulfonylureas by Halofenate
Authors: Adesh K. Jain, Jerome R. Ryan, F. Gilbert McMahon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

We investigated the possibility of a drug interaction between the antilipemic agent halofenate and sulfonylureas. Twelve young, healthy men were given 1 g of tolbutamide by mouth before and after 12 days of double-blind treatment with 1 g per day of halofenate, or placebo. There was a significant increase in serum tolbutamide at eight, 10 and 12 hours (P <0.01) and a significant (P <0.01) decrease in serum glucose at one, four and six hours after halofenate treatment, but not after placebo. In a long-term, double-blind study of halofenate or clofibrate treatment of patients with Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia, diabetic patients receiving a sulfonylurea and halofenate either required a reduction in the dose of the sulfonylurea or demonstrated significantly improved control of hyperglycemia (P <0.05) or both. No appreciable decrease in serum glucose levels was noted in diabetic patients receiving sulfonylurea and clofibrate. This interaction between halofenate and sulfonylureas is clinically important, especially in view of the association of hyperlipemia and diabetes. (N Engl J Med 293:1283–1286, 1975)
Human Papillomavirus in Clinically and Histologically Normal Tissue of Patients with Genital Cancer
Authors: Joan C.M. Macnab, Stephen A. Walkinshaw, James W. Cordiner, J. Barklie Clements
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

To study the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) with genital cancer, we collected specimens of cervical, vulvar, endometrial, and vaginal tumors at the time of operation in patients with cancer. In some patients, matched internalcontrol (histologically normal) tissue was also collected. DNA extracted from the tissue was probed with Radio-labeled HPV type 16 DNA, HPV type 18 DNA, and cloned fragments of HSV type 2 DNA. Hybridization to the HindIIIa clone of HSV-2 was detected in only 1 cervical tumor and 1 vulvar tumor (9 percent) among the 22 tumors tested. However, DNA sequences hybridizing to HPV-16 were detected in 21 of 25 tumors (84 percent) and in 8 of 11 (73 percent) of the DNA samples from clinically and histologically normal, paired, internal-control tissues from the patients with cancer. HPV-16 DNA was found in one of nine normal cervixes (11 percent) of women without genital neoplastic disease or abnormal cytology. HPV-18 DNA was detected in only 2 of 24 tumors (8 percent), 1 cervical and 1 vulvar. Our results show a strong association between the presence of HPV-16 genomes and genital tumors and between HPV-16 genomes and histologically normal tissue within 2 to 5 cm of the tumors. The implications of these findings remain to be explored. (N Engl J Med 1986; 315:1052–8.)
Self-care capacity and anticholinergic drug levels in nursing home patients
Authors: B W Rovner, A David, M J Lucas-Blaustein, B Conklin, L Filipp, L Tune
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

The serum anticholinergic levels of 22 demented nursing home patients were related to their cognition and capacity for self-care. The patients with high anticholinergic levels had greater impairment in self-care capacity than patients with low levels.
Glutathione and Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase in Rat Liver During Chemical Carcinogenesis23
Authors: Silvio Fiala, Anish Mohindru, William G. Kettering, Anna E. Fiala, Harold P. Morris
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Journal Article Glutathione and Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase in Rat Liver During Chemical Carcinogenesis Get access Silvio Fiala, Silvio Fiala Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Anish Mohindru, Anish Mohindru Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William G. Kettering, William G. Kettering Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Anna E. Fiala, Anna E. Fiala Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Harold P. Morris Harold P. Morris Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 57, Issue 3, September 1976, Pages 591–598, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/57.3.591 Published: 01 September 1976 Article history Received: 19 March 1975 Revision received: 04 December 1975 Revision received: 04 December 1975 Accepted: 20 February 1976 Published: 01 September 1976
Blood Ammonia in Chronic Pulmonary Emphysema
Authors: R. Dutton, W. Nicholas, C. J. Fisher, A. D. Renzetti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

ELEVATION of blood ammonia concentration in patients with advanced liver disease either spontaneously or after the ingestion of ammonium salts,1 , 2 acetazolamide2 , 3 or chlorothiazide4 is well recognized. However, high levels have also been found in the presence of shock,5 congestive heart failure,6 7 8 diabetic coma1 and pneumonia superimposed on extensive pulmonary disease.1 Asterixis, the "flapping tremor" usually associated with liver disease, has been observed in some of the conditions in which high blood ammonia is found but has also been described in the absence of such an abnormality. Conn,8 in a recent review of the subject, emphasized the nonspecificity of asterixis as . . .
Prevalence, Morphologic Types, and Evolution of Cardiac Valvular Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Enrique Galve, J. Candell-Riera, Carlos Pigrau, G. Permanyer-Miralda, H. Garcia-Del-Castillo, J. Soler-Soler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

We performed echocardiography prospectively 4.9 +/- 0.7 years apart (mean +/- SD), in 74 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. On the basis of the first study, the patients were distributed in four groups according to the type of valvular involvement: 7 patients had vegetations (Libman-Sacks endocarditis; group 1); 6 patients had rigid and thickened valves with stenosis, regurgitation, or both (group 2); 5 patients had miscellaneous forms of valvular involvement without valvular dysfunction (group 3), as did the 60 controls; and 56 patients had no valvular disease (group 4). The overall prevalence of clinically important valvular disease (groups 1 and 2) was 18 percent. Patients in group 1 were younger than those in group 2 (33.5 +/- 16.7 vs. 47.8 +/- 17.6 years; P less than 0.05), had a shorter mean duration of lupus (4.8 +/- 2.2 vs. 10.7 +/- 6.4 years; P less than 0.001), and had received a smaller cumulative dose of steroids (21.5 +/- 13.1 vs. 79.5 +/- 63.4 g of methylprednisolone or its equivalent; P less than 0.05). During the five-year follow-up, one patient in group 1 and five in group 2 required valve surgery, no patient in group 3 had valvular dysfunction, and five patients in group 4 had mild valvular lesions. We conclude that clinically important valvular involvement in systemic lupus is relatively frequent and sometimes requires surgery. Echocardiography can identify a subset of lesions (valvular thickening and dysfunction), other than verrucous (Libman-Sacks) endocarditis, that are prone to hemodynamic deterioration.
Abstract 4921: Next-generation sequencing as a potential tool in the diagnostics of APC mosaicism in FAP patient
Authors: Kiyoshi Yamaguchi, Mitsuhiro Komura, Rui Yamaguchi, Seiya Imoto, Eigo Shimizu, Shinichi Kasuya, Tetsuo Shibuya, Seira Hatakeyama, Norihiko Takahashi, Tsuneo Ikenoue, Keisuke Hata, Giichiro Tsurita, Masaru Shinozaki, Yutaka Suzuki, Sumio Sugano, Satoru Miyano, Yoichi Furukawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a hereditary disease characterized by the development of multiple adenomatous polyps ranging from hundreds to thousands in the large intestine, and extra-colonic tumors. Patients are predisposed to colorectal cancer that accounts for ∼1% of newly diagnosed colorectal cancer cases. Most of FAP cases result from germline mutations in the tumor suppressor gene APC (adenomatous polyposis coli), but some cases are caused by germline mutations in MUTYH, POLD1, or POLE. The rate of mutation detection depends on the methods used for genetic testing and the genes analyzed in the patients. Although sequence analysis of APC by the Sanger method is routinely performed for genetic testing, there remain cases whose mutations are not detected by the analysis. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled us to analyze the comprehensive human genome, improving the chance of identifying disease causative variants. In this study, we conducted whole-genome sequencing of a sporadic adenomatous polyposis patient in which we did not find any pathogenic APC mutations by the conventional Sanger sequencing. As a result, whole-genome sequencing and subsequent amplicon-based targeted sequencing identified a mosaic mutation of c.3175G&amp;gt;T, p.E1059X in approximately 12% of his peripheral leucocytes. Additional deep sequencing of his buccal mucosa, hair follicles, non-cancerous mucosa of the stomach and colon disclosed that these tissues harbored the APC mutation at different frequencies. Our data suggest that genetic testing by NGS facilitates the identification of genetic mosaicism responsible for hereditary diseases. NGS will improve genetic diagnosis of hereditary diseases whose mutations have been overlooked by conventional direct sequencing. Citation Format: Kiyoshi Yamaguchi, Mitsuhiro Komura, Rui Yamaguchi, Seiya Imoto, Eigo Shimizu, Shinichi Kasuya, Tetsuo Shibuya, Seira Hatakeyama, Norihiko Takahashi, Tsuneo Ikenoue, Keisuke Hata, Giichiro Tsurita, Masaru Shinozaki, Yutaka Suzuki, Sumio Sugano, Satoru Miyano, Yoichi Furukawa. Next-generation sequencing as a potential tool in the diagnostics of APC mosaicism in FAP patient. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4921. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4921
Exacerbation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus after Withdrawal of Azathioprine Therapy
Authors: Ezra Sharon, David Kaplan, Herbert S. Diamond
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

In a controlled clinical trial of withdrawal of long-term azathioprine medication from nine patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, exacerbation of the disease occurred in seven of the nine. Only one of seven control patients continued on azathioprine therapy had exacerbation of the disease. Exacerbations were delayed (mean of 89 days after withdrawal) and were refractory to treatment. One patient died during an exacerbation that followed the discontinuation of azathioprine therapy. The difficulties encountered upon withdrawal of long-term azathioprine therapy and the unknown risk of long-term azathioprine administration necessitate careful reconsideration of the indications for use of this potent drug.
PWE-341 The potential role of fibroblast growth factor 7 (fgf-7) in field cancerisation of colon cancer
Authors: A Patel, N Williams, S Azharian, A Murphy, P McTernan, G Tripathi, R Arasaradnam
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Recent analyses have revealed that mutations found in colorectal cancer (CRC) occur long before the onset of a clinically visible lesion,<sup>1</sup>suggesting, that the macroscopically normal mucosa (MNM) around a neoplastic lesion is biologically altered. Our previous findings indicated that FGF7 is upregulated in the adjacent MNM in patients whose tumours also show increased FGF7 expression supporting the concept of field cancerisation.<sup>2</sup> The study aims to determine if the changes seen in gene expression translate to activation of the FGF7 signalling pathway in MNM of cancer patients. The first downstream target of FGF7 is FRS2 which is phosphorylated upon binding of FGF7 to its receptor, FGFR2. <h3>Method</h3> Mucosal pinch biopsies were taken from the rectum and caecum at time of colonoscopy for healthy controls. For CRC patients, tissue samples were taken from the tumour, adjacent to the tumour and at the resection margin of the specimen. Healthy controls were age and sex matched to CRC patients. Western blot analysis was used to assess protein expression of FRS2 and phospho FRS2. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess statistical significance with p value &lt;0.05 considered significant. <h3>Results</h3> 48 patients were recruited (27 M: 21 F, median age 71 years (range 48–86 years)); 16 patients with CRC and 32 healthy controls. Gene expression analysis had shown that FGF7 is upregulated in 6/19 cancers; this was associated with a significant upregulation of FGF7 in adjacent mucosa compared with cancers where FGF7 was downregulated (mean fold change 3.62 vs. 0.95, p = 0.018). 4/6 tumours where FGF7 was upregulated showed increased expression ratio of FRS2:pFRS2 and all 8 tumours where it was downregulated had a lower ratio of protein expression. There was significant upregulation of FRS2:pFRS2 in the adjacent mucosa of tumours with upregulation of FGF7 compared with those where it was downregulated (mean fold change 1.31 vs. 0.79, p = 0.014). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The changes seen in gene and protein expression suggest that the FGF7 signalling cascade is dysregulated in tumour tissue and the adjacent MNM. FGF7 may contribute to preconditioning of colonic mucosa for further malignant change. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Tsao JL, Yatabe Y, Salovaara R, Järvinen HJ, Mecklin JP, Aaltonen LA, Tavaré S, Shibata D. Genetic reconstruction of individual colorectal tumour histories. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97(3):1236–1241 Patel A, Williams N, Nwokolo C, Tripathi G, Arasaradnam R. PWE-001 Field Cancerisation Theory in Colorectal Cancer (CRC): What role do fibroblast growth factors have?. Gut 2014;63(Suppl 1):A121
Case 11-2001
Authors: Cecil H. Coggins, Robert T. McCluskey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Presentation of CaseA 35-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of rapidly worsening renal failure.Twelve years before admission, she had received a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus, manifested by Raynaud's syndrome, thoracic and abdominal serositis, rash, and livedo reticularis. Two years later, the antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome was diagnosed; she had a miscarriage, a postpartum pulmonary embolus, ulcers on the fingertips, thrombocytopenia, and abnormal results on liver-function tests. More recently, she had had two successful pregnancies. Warfarin had been prescribed but was discontinued four months before admission because of inadequate compliance with blood testing, and daily aspirin was substituted. . . .
Case 20-1970
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. McNeely, John Hedley-Whyte, John B. Blennerhassett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Presentation of CaseA twenty-two-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital in coma.Thirty-six hours previously she went to bed and slept through the night; on the following morning she awoke but remained in bed. She did not complain of feeling ill. On the night before admission she slept soundly, with heavy breathing, and her husband was unable to rouse her. He noticed vomitus on the bed and brought her to the hospital.Two years before entry she had been admitted to another hospital because of an overdose of sleeping pills and discharged after several days of observation.The patient . . .
Benefits of HLA-A and HLA-B Matching on Graft and Patient Outcome after Cadaveric-Donor Renal Transplantation
Authors: Fred Sanfilippo, William K. Vaughn, Everett K. Spees, Jimmy A. Light, William M. LeFor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Data collected prospectively on 3811 renal transplantations performed between June 1977 and July 1982 by the 42 member institutions of the South-Eastern Organ Procurement Foundation were analyzed to determine the influence of donor-recipient HLA-A and HLA-B matching on patient and graft outcome. Well-matched recipients were more likely to have received kidneys from outside their own centers, were more highly presensitized, included fewer blacks, and were more likely to have lost an earlier graft. Multivariate Cox regression analysis that included these and six other potential confounding variables revealed a significant association (P less than 0.001) between good HLA-A and B matching and increased graft survival. The difference in mean (+/- S.E.) actuarial graft survival between recipients worst matched and best matched for HLA-A and B antigens increased with time: 55 +/- 2 per cent as compared with 64 +/- 4 per cent at six months and 18 +/- 4 per cent as compared with 44 +/- 7 per cent at four years. Poor HLA matching of donor with recipient provided the greatest relative risk (2.16) of irreversible graft rejection of all the variables examined. Among patients with functioning grafts, well-matched recipients had lower serum creatinine levels and received significantly smaller amounts of glucocorticoids. Our findings indicate that good HLA-A and B matching is highly dependent on a system for sharing organs among institutions, and results in decreased graft rejection, better long-term graft function, and less need for post-transplantation immunosuppression.
Post-Traumatic Obstruction of the Aqueduct of Sylvius and Postdecompression Cerebral Edema Treated by Ventriculostomy
Authors: Richard Ford, Edward L. Spatz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

BRAIN swelling continues to be the most difficult problem confronting the neurosurgeon treating the space-taking complications of craniocerebral injury. Despite the advent of hypothermia and potent dehydrating agents, the tense, nonpulsating brain is still encountered. Brain expansion after removal of a space-taking lesion may cause uncontrollable herniation of cerebral contents through the surgical opening. Such brain swelling may deny the surgeon the space desperately needed for proper exploration and definitive treatment. In addition, brain swelling, after evacuation of a massive lesion, allows cerebral ischemia to continue, leading to more swelling — an often fatal cycle.Multiple factors are involved in . . .
New Genetic Links Between Alzheimer Disease and Immune-Mediated Diseases Revealed by Overlapping Genome-wide Association Study Hits
Authors: Huntington Potter
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal