tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatic Cirrhosis: Correlation of Clinical Severity and Abnormality in Triglyceride Metabolism
Authors: R H ALEXANDER, S J FRIEDBERG, M D BOGDONOFF, E H ESTES
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Some characteristics of psychiatric residency training programs
Authors: L Gurel
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

The author summarizes responses to a major questionnaire survey of psychiatric residency training programs. In addition to providing objective data on residents, training staff, and on the training institution and its related facilities, the author presents information drawn from the narrative responses to questions on major issues facing psychiatry. These include training for dealing with critical social problems, recruitment of minority group trainees and faculty, and training in interdisciplinary collaboration and preparation for work with paraprofessionals. It is hoped that these data will facilitate answers to questions about the training psychiatrists should receive in the future by providing information about training programs in the immediate past.
Effect of Heterologous, Homologous, and Autologous Serums on Human Normal and Malignant Cells &lt;italic&gt;In Vitro&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Jewel Plummer Cobb, Dorothy G. Walker
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)

Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of autologous serum and Eagle's basal medium on primary short-term cultures of human malignant tissue. Such data would be useful in a long-range tissue-culture and clinical program in a comparison of the effects of certain chemotherapeutic agents on a tumor, both in vivo and in vitro, from the same patient. Forty-one tissue-culture series of “normal” and malignant tissues were included in a study comparing the effects of heterologous or horse serum, homologous or pooled human serum, and autologous serum, each combined with Eagle's basal medium, on the maintenance and growth of cells in vitro. Of 21 normal and malignant culture series, 19 exhibited better outgrowth characteristics in autologous serum in Eagle's medium as compared to cultures in horse serum with Eagle's medium. Autologous serum cultures in autologous serum plus Eagle's medium exhibited markedly less fibrinolysis. Sixteen series, which included normal and malignant tissues, generally exhibited better outgrowths in medium with autologous serum as compared to sister cultures in medium with pooled human serum. There was more than a twofold increase in the number of typical tumor cell types in medium with autologous serum. Individual tissue types displayed specific rates of migration and growth when they were cultured in the same percent of serum. However, cultures grew best in either Seitz-filtered or unfiltered autologous serum. Certain cell types, viz., leiomyosarcoma and breast carcinoma, required as much as 50 percent autologous serum added to Eagle's medium for even limited growth in vitro. Of 52 tissue-culture drug series, 9 exhibited an increased sensitivity to actinomycin D, methotrexate (amethopterin), CB 1348 (chlorambucil), CB 3025 (phenylalanine mustard), and dihydro E-73 in horse or pooled human serum. One series, a melanoma, exhibited an increased sensitivity to dihydro E-73 in autologous serum.
Choline chloride in schizophrenia
Authors: K L Davis, L E Hollister, P A Berger
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

The authors investigated the possibility that choline chloride might reduce schizophrenic symptoms by increasing central cholinergic activity. In a single blind crossover study, up to 20 g/day of choline chloride had no significant effect on clinical ratings of nine schizophrenic patients. However, there was some evidence that choline significantly increased symptoms of depression.
Re: Jim C. Hu, Bilal Chughtai, Padraic O’Malley, et al. Perioperative Outcomes, Health Care Costs, and Survival After Robotic-assisted Versus Open Radical Cystectomy: A National Comparative Effectiveness Study. Eur Urol 2016;70:195–202
Authors: Stephen B. Williams, Cameron K. Ghaffary, Tamer J. Dafashy, Eduardo Orihuela
Journal: European Urology (2016)
Growth and Histopathology of Melanotic and Amelanotic Derivatives of the Cloudman Melanoma S91
Authors: Prosper Loustalot, Glenn H. Algire, Frances Y. Legallais, Belle F. Anderson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1952)

Growth and Histopathology of Melanotic and Amelanotic Derivatives of the Cloudman Melanoma S91 Get access Prosper Loustalot, Prosper Loustalot National Cancer Institute3, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Glenn H. Algire, Glenn H. Algire National Cancer Institute3, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Frances Y. Legallais, Frances Y. Legallais National Cancer Institute3, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Belle F. Anderson Belle F. Anderson National Cancer Institute3, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 12, Issue 5, April 1952, Pages 1079–1117, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/12.5.1079 Published: 01 April 1952 Article history Received: 16 January 1952 Published: 01 April 1952
Poor systems at Portsmouth hospital delayed ambulances and put lives at risk, says CQC
Authors: Adrian O’Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2016)

People involved in serious traffic crashes were put at risk because of delays in ambulances reaching them after being held up in queues outside a hospital’s emergency department, a report from the regulator the Care Quality Commission has found.

The CQC published a highly critical report on 9 June into urgent and emergency care at the Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust’s Queen Alexandra Hospital.1 The commission made unannounced visits to the hospital in February and March to follow up on previous visits that had identified problems. The recent visits found that the emergency department …
Prolonged Relapse Pattern in Primary Testicular Lymphoma After Successful Induction Therapy
Authors: J. Romejko-Jarosinska, M. Szymczyk, L. Poplawska, G. Rymkiewicz, K. Domanska-Czyz, B. Ostrowska, E. Mroz, M. Osowiecki, J.A. Walewski
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
The HIV infection in Europe: large East-West disparity
Authors: C Semaille, J Alix, A M Downs, F F Hamers
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2003)

In 2001, western Europe faces an endemic situation for AIDS (22.8 cases per million population) and for HIV infection (54.9 cases per million), the most affected groups remaining injecting drug users and the homo/bisexual men. However, numbers of new HIV diagnoses are increasing among persons infected through heterosexual contact. Central Europe have been relatively spared, with AIDS incidence under 6 cases per million per year, and new HIV diagnoses between 7 and 10 cases per million. On the other hand, eastern Europe shows an epidemic increase in the number of newly diagnosed HIV infections (233 cases in 1994, around 100 000 reported cases in 2001, ie 349 cases per million population) affecting all countries.
Sitagliptin Attenuates the Progression of Carotid Intima-Media Thickening in Insulin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The Sitagliptin Preventive Study of Intima-Media Thickness Evaluation (SPIKE)
Authors: Tomoya Mita, Naoto Katakami, Toshihiko Shiraiwa, Hidenori Yoshii, Tomio Onuma, Nobuichi Kuribayashi, Takeshi Osonoi, Hideaki Kaneto, Keisuke Kosugi, Yutaka Umayahara, Tsunehiko Yamamoto, Kazunari Matsumoto, Hiroki Yokoyama, Mamiko Tsugawa, Masahiko Gosho, Iichiro Shimomura, Hirotaka Watada
Journal: Diabetes Care (2016)

OBJECTIVE The effect of additional treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents on the progression of atherosclerosis remains unknown in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We assessed the effects of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in T2DM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end point, multicenter, parallel-group, comparative study included 282 insulin-treated patients with T2DM free of a history of apparent cardiovascular diseases who were recruited at 12 clinical units and randomly allocated to either the sitagliptin group (n = 142) or the control group (n = 140). The primary outcomes were changes in mean and maximum IMT of the common carotid artery measured by echography at the end of a 104-week treatment period. RESULTS Sitagliptin had a more potent glucose-lowering effect compared with the conventional treatment (−0.5 ± 1.0% vs. −0.2 ± 0.9%; P = 0.004), without increasing hypoglycemic episodes or body weight. Changes in the mean and left maximum IMT, but not right maximum IMT, of the common carotid arteries were significantly greater after sitagliptin treatment compared with conventional treatment (−0.029 [SE 0.013] vs. 0.024 [0.013] mm [P = 0.005]; −0.065 [0.027] vs. 0.022 [0.026] mm [P = 0.021]; −0.007 [0.031] vs. 0.027 [0.031] mm [P = 0.45], respectively). Over 104 weeks, sitagliptin, but not conventional treatment, significantly reduced the mean IMT and left maximum IMT of common carotid arteries relative to the baseline. CONCLUSIONS Sitagliptin attenuated the progression of carotid IMT in insulin-treated patients with T2DM free of apparent cardiovascular disease compared with conventional treatment.
ACC/AHA/STS Statement on the Future of Registries and the Performance Measurement Enterprise
Authors: Deepak L. Bhatt, Joseph P. Drozda, David M. Shahian, Paul S. Chan, Gregg C. Fonarow, Paul A. Heidenreich, Jeffrey P. Jacobs, Frederick A. Masoudi, Eric D. Peterson, Karl F. Welke
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Cardiovascular Effects Produced by Stilbamidine in Patients with Multiple Myeloma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Howard R. Bierman, M. D., Maurice Sokolow, M. D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1949)

Journal Article Cardiovascular Effects Produced by Stilbamidine in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Get access Howard R. Bierman, M. D., Howard R. Bierman, M. D. Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, and the University of California Medical School, San Francisco Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Maurice Sokolow, M. D. Maurice Sokolow, M. D. University of California Medical School, San Francisco Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 10, Issue 2, October 1949, Pages 279–289, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/10.2.279 Published: 01 October 1949 Article history Received: 13 July 1949 Published: 01 October 1949
International Peripheral T-Cell and Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma Study: Pathology Findings and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Julie Vose, James Armitage, Dennis Weisenburger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) and natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) are rare and heterogeneous forms of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) that, in general, are associated with a poor clinical outcome. Patients and Methods A cohort of 1,314 cases of PTCL and NKTCL was organized from 22 centers worldwide, consisting of patients with previously untreated PTCL or NKTCL who were diagnosed between 1990 and 2002. Tissue biopsies, immunophenotypic markers, molecular genetic studies, and clinical information from consecutive patients at each site were reviewed by panels of four expert hematopathologists and classified according to the WHO classification. Results A diagnosis of PTCL or NKTCL was confirmed in 1,153 (87.8%) of the cases. The most common subtypes were PTCL not otherwise specified (NOS; 25.9%), angioimmunoblastic type (18.5%), NKTCL (10.4%), and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL; 9.6%). Misclassification occurred in 10.4% of the cases including Hodgkin's lymphoma (3%), B-cell lymphoma (1.4%), unclassifiable lymphoma (2.8%), or a diagnosis other than lymphoma (2.3%). We found marked variation in the frequency of the various subtypes by geographic region. The use of an anthracycline-containing regimen was not associated with an improved outcome in PTCL-NOS or angioimmunoblastic type, but was associated with an improved outcome in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, ALK positive. Conclusion The WHO classification is useful for defining subtypes of PTCL and NKTCL. However, expert hematopathology review is important for accurate diagnosis. The clinical outcome for patients with most of these lymphoma subtypes is poor with standard therapies, and novel agents and new modalities are needed to improve survival.
Brain Death
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Brain DeathA person dies when brain function ceases, the heart stops beating, and breathing and blood circulation cease.Because life-support techniques have become so advanced, it is possible that even in the face of fatal injury or unrecoverable illness, the heart can be kept beating with medication and respiration (breathing) can be artificially performed with a ventilator.The concept of brain death developed in response to these advanced medical techniques that can maintain some bodily functions.Brain death, as understood in US law and medical practice, occurs when there is no function of the entire brain.The brainstem is the area of the brain that controls breathing and circulation and therefore controls essential life functions.When the brain, including the brainstem, has ceased to function, the individual is truly dead by medical and legal standards.Thus, brain death is real death.The May 14, 2008, issue of JAMA includes an article about ethical questions sometimes raised in cases of brain death.
Bariatric surgery for obese adolescents to prevent type 2 diabetes
Authors: Andrew J Beamish
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Welbourn and colleagues draw attention to the inequality of surgical provision between the United Kingdom and comparable nations in Europe and North America,1 and the failure to target subgroups with the greatest potential for individual benefit and cost utility to the healthcare system, such as patients with type 2 diabetes.

The rapid increase in the prevalence of type 2 …
Ventricular Septal Defect after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Leonard M Rademakers, Lokien X Van Nunen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

A 76-year-old man with a 1-week history of continuous chest pain presented to the ED with rapidly progressive dyspnea on exertion. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a large, sharply demarcated interventricular septal defect with a turbulent left-to-right transseptal flow, shown in videos.
PTU-224 International expert consensus on endpoints for full-thickness laparoendoscopic colonic excision
Authors: A Currie, A Askari, S Nachiappan, R Cahill, C Delaney, O Faiz, R Kennedy
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Full-thickness laparoendoscopic excision has been reported for complex, endoscopically unresectable colonic polyps. However, the endpoints used in these studies vary significantly and therefore making definitive conclusions regarding the novel procedure would be improved if a common data set were adopted. This study sought to define most appropriate endpoints that should be measured and reported for research on full-thickness laparoendoscopic excision of colonic polyps. <h3>Method</h3> A web-based Delphi questionnaire was developed following a systematic literature search for reported endpoints. Outcomes were grouped into general, complication, technical and histopathology endpoints. International specialists in laparoscopic surgery, endoscopy, transanal endoscopic microsurgery and gastrointestinal pathology were invited to participate. The questionnaire required prioritisation of outcomes on a 5-point Likert scale. Respondents were then sent a second questionnaire containing feedback on scores from Round-1 and asked to re-prioritise outcomes based on the feedback received to identify a final core outcome set. <h3>Results</h3> 33 (75% response rate) participants from 11 countries completed the round 1 Delphi of 28 proposed endpoints and all completed the second round. Eight endpoints were rated the most important to stakeholders within the four domains – reoperation (general); anastomotic leak, mortality (complications); secure closure of the excision site, macroscopic completeness of excision (technical), presence of cancer, clearance of resected margins and en-bloc specimen production (histopathology). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study has developed a provisional consensus on a minimum number of feasible and clinically meaningful outcomes measures to use in studies of full-thickness laparoendoscopic excision of colonic polyps. Widespread adoption will allow better reporting of the technique and more efficient development in clinical practice. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Attitude of psychiatric residents toward patient requests
Authors: S Eisenthal, R Ferrell, A Lazare
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

The authors assessed residents' comfort in dealing with 14 previously identified types of patient requests in inpatient, outpatient, and acute service settings. First-year residents expressed significantly more discomfort than more experienced residents on 11 categories. They were also significantly less comfortable in the acute service than the inpatient setting. All residents expressed more comfort dealing with dynamic, psychological, and "nonsevere" requests. These findings suggest a need to teach residents specific therapeutic responses to various categories of requests and to evaluate the desirability of starting the residency experience on an acute service.
PWE-263 Outcomes after colorectal resection in octogenarians and nonagenarians - results of a 10 year single surgeon series
Authors: AC von Roon, AJC Ashton, SC Mills, PM Dawson
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Against the background of an ageing population, few data are available on surgical outcomes in the elderly. This study aimed to compare outcomes after colorectal resection for benign and malignant disease in patients aged 80 years and above and those under 80. <h3>Method</h3> Data were prospectively recorded in a single consultant surgeon database from 2004 to 2014. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Secondary endpoints were anastomotic leak, 30-day reoperation rate, general and surgical complications, length of stay, readmission rates within 30 days and overall survival. All data were analysed using SPSS. <h3>Results</h3> Eighty-eight of 534 patients were aged 80 years and above. Of this elderly cohort, 10 were aged 90 years and above. Median follow-up was 18 months in the elderly cohort vs. 25 months in the younger cohort (p = 0.07). Seventy-nine of 88 (89.8%) resections in the elderly cohort were for malignancy vs. 355 of 446 (79.6%) in the younger cohort (p = 0.04). A significantly higher proportion of patients in the elderly cohort had an ASA status of 3 to 5 (53/88 [60.2%] vs. 180/446 [40.4%] in the younger cohort, p &lt; 0.0001). In-hospital mortality was non-significantly higher in the elderly group (3 of 88 [3.4%] vs. 7 of 446 [1.6%] in the younger group, p = 0.46). Anastomotic leak rates were similar (5 of 88 [5.7%] in the elderly vs. 26 of 446 [5.8%] in the younger group, p = 0.95), as were the 30-day reoperation rate (6/88 [6.8%] vs. 30/446 [6.7%], p = 0.90), general complications (7 of 88 [8.0%] vs. 44/446 [9.9%], p = 0.57), and surgical complications (6/88 [6.8%] vs. 49/446 [11.0%], p = 0.58) respectively. The median length of stay was two days longer in the elderly (12.8 days vs. 10.8 days, p = 0.06). Readmission rates were similar (1/88 [1.2%] in the elderly vs. 18/446 [4.0%], p = 0.61). The overall mean survival time was significantly shorter in the elderly compared to the younger cohort (55 vs. 98 months, p &lt; 0.0001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Elderly patients tended to have more comorbidities which were reflected in a longer hospital stay compared with the younger cohort and had poorer overall survival, which is expected in the over 80s. Other outcomes were not significantly different, suggesting that colorectal resection has acceptable outcomes in the elderly and should be considered in selected patients. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
When the psychotherapist is black
Authors: J O Cavenar, J G Spaulding
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

The authors present a case report of a white neurotic man treated in long-term psychoanalytic therapy by a black woman psychiatrist. The defense mechanism of reversal--the therapist was white in the patient's early dreams--was evident not only in this patient but in several other white patients treated by the black therapist. The authors suggest that, contrary to the opinions of a few other authors, the reality issues of racial differences can be dealt with successfully in this kind of interracial psychotherapy.