tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
S108 Statin use and cigarette smoking are associated with lower incidence of radiation pneumonitis
Authors: L Robinson, A Yeung, T Ali, SA Worthy, PM Mulvenna, M Wilkinson, AJ Simpson
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Three months after radical radiotherapy for lung cancer, 50–60% of patients have radiation pneumonitis (RP) on CT thorax. Our aim was to assess the clinical and dosimetric factors associated with radiologically-defined RP. Our primary endpoint was the development of new infiltrates on CT thorax at 3 months following radiotherapy. <h3>Methods</h3> 161 patients with lung cancer were referred for radical radiotherapy during 2009–2010. Exclusion criteria were previous thoracic radiotherapy or surgery, palliative radiotherapy, or missing dosimetric or CT data. Information on medical history, lung function and date of death were taken retrospectively from electronic notes. Dosimetric parameters V20-Lung (percentage normal lung exposed to more than 20Gy), V5-Lung and Mean Lung Dose were derived from treatment planning dose-volume histograms. Development of RP was defined as an increase in the percentage lung volume occupied by consolidation or ground glass on post-radiotherapy CT. Student’s t-test and Fisher’s Exact Test were used to define variables which were associated with RP prior to logistic regression analysis. <h3>Results</h3> 98 cases were included in analysis. 86% had non-small cell lung cancer, 44% had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and 27% smoked. 49/98 (50%) patients developed RP on CT at median 90 days post-radiotherapy. The factors which had a significant positive correlation with RP on univariate analysis were V20-lung, V5-lung and MLD: these were best represented using V20-Lung ≥22%. Current smoking, poor performance status and having COPD had a significant inverse correlation with RP. Use of statins or inhaled Long Acting <b>β</b>2 Agonists, and the presence of moderate-severe radiological emphysema also approached significance: these were included in regression analysis. After logistic regression, the factors which had a significant correlation with RP were V20≥22% (OR 6.45, 95%CI 2.22–18.08), current smoking (OR 0.23, 95%CI 0.07–0.79), and statin use (OR 0.30, 95%CI 0.102–0.863). Neither RP nor any other variable was associated with post-radiotherapy mortality. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study confirms that V20≥22% is associated with the radiological development of RP. In addition, patients who smoked, and those taking statins were significantly less likely to develop RP. A potential role for statins in modifying radiotherapy side effects deserves further attention.
THU0287 Assessment of the Impact of Medication Criteria on the Selena Sledai Flare Index: Potential for Overating Flare Severity in Clinical Trials for Lupus
Authors: A. Thanou, S. Kamp, J. T. Merrill
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The classic SELENA SLEDAI flare index (cSFI) has been extensively used for assessment of flares in SLE with the purpose of differentiating severe flares from those falling in the mild/moderate range, and is composed of both clinical and medication criteria. <h3>Objectives</h3> To examine the role of medication criteria in determining flare severity by cSFI. <h3>Methods</h3> 182 encounters (91 patients, 2 visits each) were assessed. Flares were determined by the cSFI and compared to a physician-enhanced version (eSFI). eSFI differed from cSFI in that when criteria for mild/moderate flare were met, the rater distinguished between mild and moderate by a global opinion. The medication criteria were also eliminated in eSFI. Disease activity (PGA, SLEDAI, composite BILAG), number of BILAG-defined organs involved regardless of flare status and number of organs flaring based on revised SELENA flare index (SFI-R) domains were compared between the different groups. <h3>Results</h3> <h3>Conclusions</h3> When medication criteria were removed from the classic SELENA SLEDAI flare index, severe flares had higher disease activity and number of organs flaring than when the medication criteria were used. Frequently medication-defined flares were clinically assessed as mild, moderate or not present, and many patients had medication changes due to restarting existing treatments or treating persistent (not flaring) disease. These data suggest that medication criteria falsely upgrade flares to severe. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Polyp resection – lessons learned
Authors: Heiko Pohl
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

The ultimate benefit of colorectal cancer screening relies on the detection and resection of neoplastic polyps. Reports on cancers that are found following a colonoscopy illustrate that this test is far from perfect. There is little doubt that missed lesions contribute to the majority of these so-called interval cancers, with some authors estimating that 70 % – 80 % of interval cancers are a result of a missed lesion [1] [2]. Incomplete polyp resection has been blamed for 10 % – 27 % of interval cancers, while a minority may be related to fast growing de novo cancers [1] [3].
O98 T-CELL RE-DIRECTION AGAINST GLYPICAN-3 FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC)
Authors: C. Dargel, M. Bassani-Sternberg, S. Wilde, G. Dossinger, K. Kerbs, M. Schiemann, D. Schendel, D.H. Busch, M. Mann, U. Protzer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Mechanisms of Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction and the Basis for Pharmacologic Treatment of Smooth Muscle Disorders
Authors: F.V. Brozovich, C.J. Nicholson, C.V. Degen, Yuan Z. Gao, M. Aggarwal, K.G. Morgan
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2016)

The smooth muscle cell directly drives the contraction of the vascular wall and hence regulates the size of the blood vessel lumen. We review here the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which agonists, therapeutics, and diseases regulate contractility of the vascular smooth muscle cell and we place this within the context of whole body function. We also discuss the implications for personalized medicine and highlight specific potential target molecules that may provide opportunities for the future development of new therapeutics to regulate vascular function.
Abstract LB-69: Role of HDAC1 in epigenetic repression of E-cadherin after transient Epstein Barr virus infection
Authors: Krista J. Queen, Rona S. Scott
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a gammaherpesvirus associated with a variety of lymphoid and epithelial tumors. Although EBV is a known tumor virus, incomplete association of EBV with any given tumor type has confounded its role in tumorigenesis. For example, only 15% of gastric carcinomas are EBV-positive compared to virtually all undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Upon entry into a cell, the viral genome is chromatinized and EBV rapidly shuts off its viral gene expression program via methylation of its viral promoters in an attempt to evade the host immune response. A similar restricted pattern of viral gene expression is present in EBV-positive tumors. We hypothesize that EBV infection of tumor cells results in virus-induced epigenetic alterations to host genes that remain after loss of the virus and may provide a selective advantage to the tumor cell. To identify virally induced epigenetic alterations, we established a transient model of infection to model the effects of viral redundancy and loss in carcinogenesis. Carcinoma cell lines were infected with recombinant EBV, passaged with selective pressure, and allowed to lose viral genomes by withdrawal of selection. Transient EBV infection of lung carcinoma cells resulted in numerous gene expression changes relative to uninfected controls suggestive of cellular epigenetic reprogramming. Two such gene expression changes, PYCARD and E-cadherin were found to be due to DNA methylation and loss of histone acetylation, respectively. To understand the mechanism behind loss of histone acetylation at the E-cadherin locus following transient EBV infection, we examined the role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in mediating the epigenetic repression. We observed an increase in total HDAC activity in our transiently infected, EBV-negative clones. Through the use of specific inhibitors, we noted class I HDACs, specifically HDAC1, was involved in the repression of E-cadherin in transiently infected clones. EBV-modulation of HDAC1 activity may lead to host epigenetic alterations that are retained after loss of the virus. Future experiments are aimed at determining the viral and cellular players responsible for the epigenetic alterations that are seen in transiently infected, EBV-negative clones. These results suggest that EBV alters cellular gene expression in a heritable fashion in formerly infected cells, while its own contribution to the oncogenic process is masked. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-69. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-69
President's Panel Examines Cancer Among the Poor
Authors: L. F. Anderson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article President's Panel Examines Cancer Among the Poor Get access Linda F. Anderson Linda F. Anderson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 15, 7 August 1991, Page 1060, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.15.1060 Published: 07 August 1991
Primary Cutaneous Aspergillosis Associated with Hickman Intravenous Catheters
Authors: Maria D. Allo, Jeffrey Miller, Timothy Townsend, Cissy Tan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

We describe nine patients with underlying hematologic cancer in whom primary cutaneous aspergillosis developed at the sites of Hickman intravenous catheters. Our patients, 17 to 74 years of age, were all immunocompromised either from their primary disease or from chemotherapy, and the Hickman catheters had been placed to provide venous access for chemotherapy or hyperalimentation or both. Clinical signs of infection included erythema, induration, and cutaneous or subcutaneous necrosis at the point of entry into the subclavian vein, in the subcutaneous tunnel, or at the exit site from the skin. Diagnosis was confirmed by positive wound culture for Aspergillus flavus in all but one patient. Treatment consisted of intravenous amphotericin B, oral flucytosine, and local wound care. Three patients recovered completely without operative débridement; three others recovered after operative débridement and delayed grafting. Two patients died of disseminated aspergillosis, and one died of unrelated causes while recovering from primary cutaneous aspergillosis. Successful treatment required resolution of aplasia or leukopenia, catheter removal, systemic treatment with amphotericin B, and local wound care. We conclude that primary cutaneous aspergillosis, a rare infection, may occur at the sites of Hickman catheters in immunocompromised patients, and that it is a serious complication requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment. (N Engl J Med 1987; 317:1105–8.)
SP0182 Research in Social Networks
Authors: K. Michaud
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3></h3> With the exceedingly common use of social media, patients have easy access to helpful medical advice and community forums as well as access medical misinformation. Similarly, recruitment of patients for research studies via social networks has skyrocketed. The presentation will describe prior and existing RMD research using social networks and new methodological issues that have arisen from it. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Myofibroma of the Left Supraspinous Muscle on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Na Fang, Yan-li Wang, Lei Zeng, Zeng-jie Wu, Xin-jian Cui
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

Myofibroma of the muscle is extremely rare. This report describes a 46-year-old man with myofibroma of the left supraspinous muscle on 18F-FDG PET/CT and includes MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT findings. Whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT showed abnormal tracer uptakes in the left supraspinous muscle, which was subsequently confirmed as myofibroma by histopathology.
Eleven-Year Follow-Up of a Randomised Study of Pectoral Fascia Preservation after Mastectomy for Early Breast Cancer.
Authors: K. Dalberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: In a previous report with 6 years follow-up a trend towards an increased risk for chest wall recurrence was seen in breast cancer patients operated with preserved pectoral fascia compared to removal of the pectoral fascia. The aim of the present study was to assess whether the preservation or removal of the pectoral fascia in the modified radical mastectomy procedure had any impact on survival or local control in breast cancer patients when followed long term.Method: The trial included 247 patients with breast cancer who underwent modified radical mastectomy in five Swedish hospitals 1993-1997. The median follow-up time was 11 years. The patients were randomised between removal (n=122) versus preservation (n=125) of the pectoral fascia.Results: The breast cancer specific survival at 10 years was 75%. Removal or preservation of the pectoral fascia had not any significant impact on the chest-wall recurrence and on breast cancer specific survival. A total of 18 patients with chest-wall recurrence were seen in the group allocated to pectoral fascia preservation versus 10 in patients allocated to pectoral fascia removal (hazard ratio=1.8, 95%CI = 0.8-4.0). The majority of the chest-wall recurrences were detected 0-5 years postoperatively. The cumulative chest-wall recurrence rates at 5 and at 10 years were 13 and 15% respectively in patients allocated to pectoral fascia preservation and 8 and 9% in patients allocated to pectoral fascia removalConclusion: Neither the chest-wall recurrence rate nor the breast cancer specific survival is significantly influenced by the preservation of the pectoral fascia when the tumor macroscopically does not involve the muscle. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3109.
THU0493 Approaches to Treatment of Weber-Christian Disease
Authors: B. S. Belov, O. N. Egorova, S. G. Radenska-Lopovok
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Weber-Christian disease (WCD) is a rare understudied disease, which manifests itself in recurrent <i>subcutaneous fat</i>necrosis often involving damage of the internals. Treatment of the disease is not standardized, and as a matter of fact it is provided empirically. <h3>Objectives</h3> to assess the efficiency of therapy in case of various forms of WCD <h3>Methods</h3> We studied 31 patients (29 women, 2 men) with WBD, age 30-74, duration of disease 8.1±2.4 years. Besides general clinical examination we determined the level of <i>α1-antitrypsin,</i> amylase, lipase, <i>ferritin, creatine phosphokinase,</i> made chest CT scan <i>and carried out the pathomorphology study</i> of <i>skin biopsy specimen taken from the area of a node.</i> The following forms of the disease were identified: nodular form (NF) (14 patients), plaque form (PF) (12 patients) and infiltrative form (IF) (5 patients). In all cases the lobular panniculitis was verified by means of histopathological examination. All patients took glucocorticoids (GC), average daily dose of 12.8 ± 1.6 mg, including 5.7± 1.4 mg (for NF), 16.6± 1.2 mg (for PF), 17.6 ± 1.7 mg (for IF). In case of NF we additionally prescribed Hydroxychloroquine, the dose of 600 mg per day (8 patients), and Azathioprine, the dose of 100 mg per day (4 patients); in case of PF – Cyclophosphamide (Cph), the dose of 200 mg per week (10 patients) or Azathioprine (150 mg per day, 2 patients). Patients with IF took Cph (200 mg per week). In case there was no effect after 3 months, we prescribed Mycophenolate Mofetil (1.5-2 g per day). On average, the observation period was 6 months. <h3>Results</h3> The treatment made it possible to achieve a significant positive dynamics in patients with NF and PF: the body temperature got back to normal and there was regression of indurations (26 patients), joint pain intensity was reduced (14 patients), laboratory data on inflammatory intensity revealed decrease (18 patients). Average daily dose of GC was reduced to 4.5±0.7 mg and 11.4±1.1 mg, respectively. In general, a significant improvement was evident in all patients with NF and in 75 % of patients with PF. In case of IF an average daily dose was increased to 25.4±1.7 mg per day. The treatment effect was satisfactory for 2 patients of this group, although it was unsatisfactory for 3 patients. Thus, the need to consider prescribing genetically engineered biological therapy was urged. Treatment tolerance was found good, no adverse events were registered. <h3>Conclusions</h3> To work out dosages and treatment schedules for patients with WCD further studies are required. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Azithromycin versus Doxycycline for Urogenital<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>Infection
Authors: William M. Geisler, Apurva Uniyal, Jeannette Y. Lee, Shelly Y. Lensing, Shacondra Johnson, Raymond C.W. Perry, Carmel M. Kadrnka, Peter R. Kerndt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection remains prevalent and causes substantial reproductive morbidity. Recent studies have raised concern about the efficacy of azithromycin for the treatment of chlamydia infection.We conducted a randomized trial comparing oral azithromycin with doxycycline for the treatment of urogenital chlamydia infection among adolescents in youth correctional facilities, to evaluate the noninferiority of azithromycin (1 g in one dose) to doxycycline (100 mg twice daily for 7 days). The treatment was directly observed. The primary end point was treatment failure at 28 days after treatment initiation, with treatment failure determined on the basis of nucleic acid amplification testing, sexual history, and outer membrane protein A (OmpA) genotyping of C. trachomatis strains.Among the 567 participants enrolled, 284 were randomly assigned to receive azithromycin, and 283 were randomly assigned to receive doxycycline. A total of 155 participants in each treatment group (65% male) made up the per-protocol population. There were no treatment failures in the doxycycline group. In the azithromycin group, treatment failure occurred in 5 participants (3.2%; 95% confidence interval, 0.4 to 7.4%). The observed difference in failure rates between the treatment groups was 3.2 percentage points, with an upper boundary of the 90% confidence interval of 5.9 percentage points, which exceeded the prespecified absolute 5-percentage-point cutoff for establishing the noninferiority of azithromycin.In the context of a closed population receiving directly observed treatment for urogenital chlamydia infection, the efficacy of azithromycin was 97%, and the efficacy of doxycycline was 100%. The noninferiority of azithromycin was not established in this setting. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00980148.).
Effect of Chlorothiazide on the Edema of Cirrhosis, Nephrosis, Congestive Heart Failure and Chronic Renal Insufficiency
Authors: George E. Schreiner, H. Allan Bloomer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

CHLOROTHIAZIDE (6-chloro-7-sulfamyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide), a nonmercurial diuretic agent, has aroused considerable interest since preclinical studies1 demonstrated a potent chloruretic as well as natriuretic effect.Chlorothiazide is only a moderate carbonic anhydrase inhibitor in vitro, having about ten times the activity of sulfanilamide and one twenty-fifth the potency of acetazolamide.2 The drug appears to be distributed in extracellular fluid. It is concentrated in liver but not in erythrocytes. It is excreted substantially in urine and also in bile. It does not appear in cerebrospinal fluid, aqueous humor or fat. The drug does not possess analgesic, anticonvulsant or antihistaminic activity, nor does it act . . .
The Syndrome of Impending Hepatic Coma in Patients with Cirrhosis of the Liver Given Certain Nitrogenous Substances
Authors: Gerald B. Phillips, Robert Schwartz, George J. Gabuzda, Charles S. Davidson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

ONE of the serious complications of severe liver disease is the development of a comatose state that is frequently irreversible. Although hepatic coma is well recognized clinically, its onset has been difficult to predict, since no distinctive alterations in laboratory tests have been described.1 The diagnosis of impending hepatic coma has been clarified, however, by the clinical observations of Adams and Foley,2 who described mental disturbances and a characteristic tremor before the onset of the comatose state. In addition, a characteristic electroencephalographic pattern often occurs.3 A syndrome indistinguishable from impending hepatic coma has recently been described in patients with cirrhosis . . .
Abstract 2369: Isolation of circulating tumor cells by size exclusion using lithography fabricated precision microfilters
Authors: Daniel Adams, Olga Makarova, Peixuan Zhu, Shuhong Li, Platte Amstutz, Cha-Mei Tang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: We present a novel precision microfilter that achieves rapid and highly efficient isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood. Isolation of CTCs by size exclusion is a widely researched technique with the advantage of capturing cells without reliance on cell surface expression markers. For many years CTC filtration technology has relied on track-etch microfilters with randomly located pores and low-porosity. More recently, precision microfilters with high porosity have been tested for CTC isolation, but they are not widely available. We have developed a new method of fabricating precision, high porosity microfilters that are capable of high volume manufacturing. These microfilters are strong, clear, non-fluorescent, and have high CTC capture efficiencies. Methods: We describe an assay to capture and enumerate prefixed and live CTCs. MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells (ATCC) were cultured in DMEM until confluent. Cells were stained in a fixative/staining solution containing paraformaldehyde, acridine orange, and DAPI dilacetate. After incubation, a cell sample was placed on a microscope slide and cells counted to obtain the exact input. Cells were then washed into 7.5 mL whole human blood with 7.5 mL PBS and placed into a syringe. An 8 µm pore precision microfilter was placed into Swinnex filter holder, and the sample drawn by negative pressure through the filter at ∼10 mL/min. The microfilter was mounted onto a microscope slide and counted using a fluorescence microscope under FITC and DAPI settings. Cells were defined by their shape and coloration under FITC fluorescence and nuclear signature under DAPI fluorescence. The procedure was then repeated using a staining solution without fixative to capture live MCF-7 cells. Both live and fixed MCF-7 cell isolation by microfiltration were performed in triplicate. Results: Precision microfilters were able to capture MCF-7 cells spiked into 7.5 mL human blood with a recovery rate of 98±3% for fixed cells, and 90±2% for live cells. The filtration was performed in 2 minutes, and cell counts were obtained in 10 minutes. By contrast, track-etched microfilters captured only 73% of fixed cells and cell counts required 20 minutes. Conclusions: Creatv's precision microfilters are shown to recover MCF-7 cells more efficiently than track-etch filters. The pore uniformity and low fluorescent background allowed for faster and more accurate counts of spiked CTC in human peripheral blood compared to track-etch microfilters. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2369. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2369