tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dioxin and Mortality from Cancer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

To the Editor: The lessons that Dr. Bailar gleaned from the recent dioxin study by Fingerhut et al. of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (Jan. 24 issue)1 reached far beyond, and at times contradicted, what the authors presented.2 Moreover, Bailar did not acknowledge the growing body of evidence suggesting that low-level dioxin exposure does not present a risk of cancer in humans. The study by Fingerhut et al. was designed to test hypotheses regarding dioxin exposure and stomach, liver, and nasal cancers, Hodgkin's disease, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. No significant elevations in mortality from these cancers were identified.
Association of Increased Treg Cell Levels With Elevated Indoleamine 2,3‐Dioxygenase Activity and an Imbalanced Kynurenine Pathway in Interferon‐Positive Primary Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Naomi I. Maria, Cornelia G. van Helden‐Meeuwsen, Zana Brkic, Sandra M. J. Paulissen, Eline C. Steenwijk, Virgil A. Dalm, Paul L. van Daele, P. Martin van Hagen, Frans G. M. Kroese, Joel A. G. van Roon, Andrew Harkin, Willem A. Dik, Hemmo A. Drexhage, Erik Lubberts, Marjan A. Versnel
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2016)

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the rate-limiting enzyme that converts tryptophan to kynurenine, is driven in part by type I and type II interferons (IFNs). Naive T cells are polarized into FoxP3+ Treg cells upon exposure to either IDO+ cells or kynurenine. Recent studies have suggested that the kynurenine pathway reflects a crucial interface between the immune and nervous system. The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether Treg cell levels are elevated, in conjunction with increased IDO activity, in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) who are positive for the IFN gene expression signature, and to investigate the downstream kynurenine pathway in these patients.Serum from 71 healthy controls, 58 IFN-negative patients with primary SS, and 66 IFN-positive patients with primary SS was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography to measure the levels of tryptophan and kynurenine. Expression levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) for IDO and downstream enzymes in the kynurenine pathway were assessed in CD14+ monocytes using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. CD4+CD45RO+ T helper memory cell populations were analyzed by flow cytometry.Significantly increased levels of IDO activity (assessed as the kynurenine:tryptophan ratio) (P = 0.0054) and percentages of CD25(high) FoxP3+ Treg cells (P = 0.039) were observed in the serum from IFN-positive patients with primary SS, and these parameters were significantly correlated with one another (r = 0.511, P = 0.002). In circulating monocytes from IFN-positive patients with primary SS, the expression of IDO1 mRNA was up-regulated (P < 0.0001), and this was correlated with the IFN gene expression score (r = 0.816, P < 0.0001). Interestingly, the proapoptotic and neurotoxic downstream enzyme kynurenine 3-monooxygenase was up-regulated (P = 0.0057), whereas kynurenine aminotransferase I (KATI) (P = 0.0003), KATIII (P = 0.016), and KATIV (P = 0.04) were down-regulated in IFN-positive patients with primary SS compared to healthy controls.These findings demonstrate enhanced IDO activity in conjunction with increased percentages of CD25(high) FoxP3+ Treg cells in primary SS patients who carry the IFN signature. In addition, IFN-positive patients with primary SS exhibit an imbalanced kynurenine pathway, with evidence of a shift toward potentially more proapoptotic and neurotoxic metabolites. Intervening in these IFN- and IDO-induced immune system imbalances may offer a new array of possibilities for therapeutic interventions in patients with primary SS.
Case 40-1966
Authors: William F. McNeely, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

Presentation of Case First admission. A seventy-four-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of hematuria.He had been well until about fifteen years previously, when a physician informed him that he had anemia, a rapid pulse and heart disease; digitalis was prescribed, and he felt improved. Four months before entry anorexia, exertional dyspnea and postprandial bloating developed, with a loss of 15 pounds in weight. Six weeks before admission he entered another hospital because of symptoms that were believed to represent a "gallbladder attack"; an oral cholecystographic study was negative. Three weeks later he had a severe epistaxis that . . .
DSM-III axis IV revisited
Authors: J M Rey, G W Stewart, J M Plapp, M R Bashir, I N Richards
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

Clinicians have traditionally inquired about stressful life events preceding the onset of a psychiatric disorder. Axis IV of DSM-III attempted to improve on this by suggesting that a wide range of events be considered and that the information obtained be integrated into a global rating of severity. After reviewing recent evidence, the authors suggest that this process might result in ratings with lower reliability than expected. They also discuss some of the methodological difficulties in this field and explore directions for further research.
Relationship of Hair Dye Use, Benign Breast Disease, and Breast Cancer
Authors: Joan M. Davies
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Relationship of Hair Dye Use, Benign Breast Disease, and Breast Cancer Get access Joan M. Davies Joan M. Davies Division of Epidemiology Institute of Cancer Research Clifton Avenue Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PX, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 65, Issue 5, November 1980, Page 855, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/65.5.855 Published: 01 November 1980
Fantasy Land
Authors: Richard B. Friedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

TONIGHT I traveled to a wondrous place, a fantasy land of sugarplums and fairy tales. Since some of you may never have the opportunity to visit this glorious place, let me tell you about it. It is a land where everyone "will make a fine physician," where people have "excellent interpersonal skills" and "good rapport with their peers." In this land about a tenth of the inhabitants are "among the finest I have ever worked with," a full quarter are "outstanding," and almost all are "in the upper quarter." Everyone is "a pleasure to work with," has "excellent initiative," is . . .
Total therapy of acute lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: D. Pinkel
Journal: JAMA (1972)

In 1962, the total therapy approach to acute lymphocytic leukemia was developed at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. Briefly, it consists of rapid and efficient induction of complete remission with prednisone and vincristine in order to minimize early attrition, cranial or craniospinal irradiation during the first month of complete remission to prevent meningeal relapse, and multiple-drug chemotherapy for two to three years to eradicate residual systemic leukemia. The objective is cure, not palliation. In the 1962-1965 pilot studies, 37 of 41 patients entered complete remission; 7 continue in complete remission for seven to nine years and have been off all treatment for four to six years. However, of the 30 relapses, 15 initiated in the meninges, indicating inadequacy of the craniospinal irradiation. In the 1967-1968 study, the dose of cranial irradiation was increased to 2,400 rads. Of 35 patients entered into this study, 31 developed complete remission. Eighteen survive in
MicroRNA-Responsive Drug Release System for Selective Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy In Vivo
Authors: Ji‐Seon Lee, Seongchan Kim, Hee‐Kyung Na, Dal‐Hee Min
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2016)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive strategy to treat diseases by light-triggered activation of a photosensitizer (PS). One aim of the recent researches on PDT is to overcome the limitation of conventional PDT by improving selective activation of PS on targeted region. Here, a microRNA (miRNA)-responsive drug activation system is developed which focuses on the role of endogenous miRNA as an internal cancer specific stimulus for initiating drug release in cancer treatment. The present system consists of PS chlorin e6 (Ce6) conjugated to peptide nucleic acid (PNA) having complementary sequence to cancer specific miRNA and dextran coated reduced graphene oxide nanocolloid (Dex-RGON). In the presence of oncogenic miR-21 in cancer cells, Ce6-PNA drug gets hybridized with miR-21, resulting in the release of Ce6-PNA from Dex-RGON and subsequent recovery of Ce6 fluorescence and activation of Ce6 as a photosensitizer under near IR irradiation. It is demonstrated that the Ce6-PNA/Dex-RGON complex shows sequence-specific fluorescence in response to miR-21 and selective cytotoxic effect for tumor growth inhibition. The present study will pave a new way for utilizing PDT in cancer treatment with tightly regulated activation of a photosensitizer by oncogenic miRNA as an internal stimulus to reduce potential risk associated with conventional PDT.
Biological agents for giant cell arteritis: treat to target
Authors: Sergey Moiseev, Pavel Novikov, Alexey Meshkov, Ilya Smitienko
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

In a case series published in the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases , Conway et al 1 reported a significant steroid-sparing effect of ustekinumab (monoclonal antibody to interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23) in 14 patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA). Recently, Ferfar et al 2 summarised current evidence showing the efficacy of tocilizumab and abatacept in patients with GCA. In the ongoing multicentre, randomised GiACTA trial (NCT01791153), the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab will be evaluated in approximately 250 patients with active GCA. Another randomised, placebo-controlled trial (NCT02531633) aims to study sirukumab (a fully human anti-IL-6 immunoglobulin G1κ) in approximately 204 subjects with a diagnosis of GCA. Therefore, in the nearest future we will probably face a wider use of biological agents as a second-line treatment for relapsing GCA and maybe as a first line in patients with more unfavourable prognosis. Should we welcome biologics in the current framework of treatment? On the one hand, the steroid-sparing effect of these medications is particularly valuable for the elderly patients with GCA who usually develop adverse events related to glucocorticoids and frequently relapse during tapering the dose of prednisone. Furthermore, it is expected that certain biological agents may have antiatherosclerotic effect that is currently under investigation in the randomised controlled trials (eg, the Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study (NCT01327846) that will evaluate canakinumab in 17 200 patients with coronary artery disease and persistently elevated C reactive protein). On the other hand, glucocorticoids are cheap and effective in a significant proportion of patients while the safety of …
Immunomodulatory Effect of SGI-110, a Novel Hypomethylating Agent in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Authors: Dina Stroopinsky, Athalia Rachel Pyzer, Kristen A Palmer, Maxwell D Coll, Michal Bar-Natan, Hasan Rajabi, Poorvi Somaiya, Katarina Luptakova, Salvia Jain, Malgorzata McMasters, James D. Levine, Jon Arnason, Pietro Taverna, Donald Kufe, David Avigan, Jacalyn Rosenblatt
Journal: Blood (2014)
All-Trans Retinoic Acid and Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin as Adjunct to High-Dose Cytarabine-Based Salvage Therapy in Primary Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Results of AMLSG 05-04 Trial.
Authors: Richard F. Schlenk, Konstanze Döhner, Jürgen Krauter, Daniela Späth, Francesco de Valle, Björn Heydrich, Heinz A. Horst, Ingo Schmidt-Wolf, Mathias Rummel, Katharina Götze, Elisabeth Koller, Andreas Petzer, Hans G. Mergenthaler, Hans Salwender, Walter Fiedler, Heinz Kirchen, Detlef Haase, Stefan Krämers, Matthias Theobald, Axel C. Matzdorff, Arnold Ganser, Hartmut Döhner
Journal: Blood (2007)
Multiple Pregnancy
Authors: Kurt Benirschke, Chung K. Kim
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Conjoined TwinsFused twins have spurred the curiosity of investigators from time immemorial and they have been observed in almost all taxa, including plants. Recent reports concern such twins and partial duplication in birds, fish and reptiles, and, among mammals, most common species are represented. In man their incidence is estimated to be 1 in 33,000 to 165,000 births, and most commonly reported are thoracopagi (70 per cent). A recent review discusses the diagnosis, obstetric management and, in particular, the cardiovascular problems with relevance to potential separation.106 The formal genesis of conjoined twins is perhaps the most challenging and most . . .
Immunomodulatory Effect of Vitamin D after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Results of a Prospective Multicenter Clinical Trial
Authors: Teresa Caballero-Velázquez, Isabel Montero, Fermín Sánchez-Guijo, Rocío Parody, Raquel Saldaña, David Valcarcel, Oriana López-Godino, Christelle Ferra i Coll, Marian Cuesta, Antonio Carrillo-Vico, Luis I. Sánchez-Abarca, Lucía López-Corral, Francisco J. Márquez-Malaver, José A. Pérez-Simón
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Purpose: We describe the results of a prospective multicenter phase I/II trial evaluating the impact of the use of vitamin D (VitD) from day −5 to +100 on the outcome of patients undergoing allogeneic transplantation (EudraCT: 2010-023279-25; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02600988). Experimental Design: A total of 150 patients were included in three consecutive cohorts of 50 patients each group: control group (CG, not receive VitD); low-dose group (LdD, received 1,000 IU VitD daily); and high-dose group (HdD, 5,000 IU VitD daily). We measured levels of VitD, cytokines, and immune subpopulations after transplantation. Results: No significant differences were observed in terms of cumulative incidence of overall and grades 2–4 acute GVHD in terms of relapse, nonrelapse mortality, and overall survival. However, a significantly lower cumulative incidence of both overall and moderate plus severe chronic GVHD (cGVHD) at 1 year was observed in LdD (37.5% and 19.5%, respectively) and HdD (42.4% and 27%, respectively) as compared with CG (67.5% and 44.7%, respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.05). In multivariable analysis, treatment with VitD significantly decreased the risk of both overall (for LdD: HR = 0.31, P = 0.002; for HdD: HR = 0.36, P = 0.006) and moderate plus severe cGVHD (for LdD: HR = 0.22, P = 0.001; for HdD: HR = 0.33, P = 0.01). VitD modified the immune response, decreasing the number of B cells and naïve CD8 T cells, with a lower expression of CD40L. Conclusions: This is the first prospective trial that analyzes the effect of VitD postransplant. We observed a significantly lower incidence of cGVHD among patients receiving VitD. Interestingly, VitD modified the immune response after allo-SCT. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5673–81. ©2016 AACR.
Effects of diet on urinary excretion of MHPG in normal preadolescent boys
Authors: W O Shekim, M J Rutledge, J Javaid, H Dekirmenjian, J M Davis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

The authors examined the effect of diets with low and high monoamine content on the 24-hour urinary excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and creatinine in eight healthy preadolescent boys. The subjects were admitted to a clinical research center and were placed on a diet low in monoamines--the vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)-exclusion diet--for 5 consecutive days. They were switched on the 6th day to a diet rich in monoamines, and urine specimens were collected for 4 more consecutive days. There were no differences in MHPG or creatinine excretion between the urine taken on the low and high monoamine diet days.
229TiP A single arm, open-label, multicenter, phase II trial of oxaliplatin plus capecitabine (XELOX) in the perioperative treatment of locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma in combination with D2 gastrectomy (NEO-CLASSIC)
Authors: T. Liu, Y. Yu, Y. Sun, M. Yan, H. Cao, Y. Liu, X. Wang, Z. Shen, F. Liu, Y. Wang, Y. Feng
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
PD4-3-4: Correlation of pemetrexed (PEM) NSCLC exposure-response relationships (ERRs) to clinical study results from western and Japanese patient populations
Authors: Jane Latz, Susumu Adachi, James Symanowski, Kazuo Nakagawa, Tokuhiro Tamura, Nasser Hanna, Michael Cullen, Christine Falcoz, Luna Musib, Hilary Calvert
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Soundings: Honorary woman
Authors: James Owen Drife
Journal: BMJ (2003)

More than half the UK medical graduates starting their first jobs this week are women. They'll say: so what? More than half the babies born are girls. It's no big deal.

Historically, though, it is. After being excluded from medicine for 500 years, women will soon form the majority. The change is fastest in my specialty, where 74% of UK career senior house officers are women. An American journal recently asked, under a picture of a woolly mammoth and a man in a white coat: “Are male ob/gyns headed for extinction?”

Silly question. Of course we are. Hardly any male students now consider a career in obstetrics and gynaecology. Last week on our medical campus I noticed a summer school full of male postgraduates—aspiring surgeons, of course. To an obstetrician this was an unfamiliar sight.

How do you face extinction with dignity? We fiftysomething obstetricians started our careers in an era of small quotas of female students, when sexism and schoolboy jokes were common (though by no means universal) among our teachers. We understand the anger of contemporaries who had to fight old fashioned prejudice, or who gave up the battle.

But we've been caught in the crossfire for 20 years now. The backlash against male obstetricians has taken the form, not of frontal assault, but of surreptitious jokes. Newsletters of maternity consumer groups peddle the image of uncaring male consultants. Radical midwives brief politicians against us. And the new generation of women obstetricians cannot resist the odd jibe.

All we can do is join in with humorous self deprecation. Twenty years of apologising, however, is enough. We're leaving. In 2001 the average retirement age of obstetricians was 57. They gave all sorts of excuses, including the ageism endemic in the NHS, but I think they would have stayed if they felt appreciated.

It's time for the victors in medicine's battle of the sexes to show some magnanimity. For me, the process started last month when a group of distinguished female colleagues made me an Honorary Woman. No surgery or hormones, you understand, and no paperwork—only a feeling of liberation. Enough to write this article, at least. I shall wait a few more years before setting up the Medical Men's Federation, dedicated to promoting the interests of the new minority.
The End of Nihilism: Systemic Therapy of Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Vinicius Ernani, Conor E. Steuer, Mohammad Jahanzeb
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2016)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and many other parts of the world. Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises 85–90% of lung cancers. Historically, the expected survival of patients with advanced disease has been estimated in months. In recent years, however, lung cancer has come to be seen as a treatable disease with multiple therapeutic options. Enormous advances in the understanding of its pathways and mechanisms have enabled personalized therapy in NSCLC. The evolving approach to therapy focuses on genomic profiling of the tumors to find molecular targets and develop specific agents for individualized therapy. In addition, maintenance therapy has emerged as a valid approach, and the choice of chemotherapy now varies by histology. Most recently, immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has shown promising results, with impressive durations of response and a tolerable toxicity profile. Together, these discoveries have improved overall survival substantially in patient populations that have access to these advancements. We review the clinical data surrounding these impressive improvements.
2015 Homer W. Smith Award: The Podocyte from Periphery to Center Stage
Authors: Dontscho Kerjaschki
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2016)

This overview summarizes selected major developments over the last 40 years in understanding podocyte biology and its involvement in glomerular disease subjectively from my perspective. Serendipity has played a major role in my contributions to investigative nephrology that range from basic mechanisms of immune deposit formation in experimental membranous nephropathy to the role of a microRNA in FSGS. This review emphasizes the importance of continuous reality checks of experimental results obtained in vitro or with genetically modified animals with human disease.
NON-DIABETIC GLYCOSURIA.
Authors: W Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal