tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neurotoxic and Nephrotoxic Effects of Colistin in Patients with Renal Disease
Authors: Emanuel Wolinsky, John D. Hines
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

COLISTIN is an antibiotic which, although similar to polymyxin B in chemical structure and antimicrobial spectrum, produces significantly fewer toxic reactions in man. The present report describes potentially serious reactions to colistin§ in 3 adults with impaired kidney function and in a child who was given ten times the recommended dosage.Case ReportsCase 1. S.S., a 13-year-old white boy, was admitted to the hospital for treatment of a refractory chronic otitis media associated with pseudomonas. His weight was 42.6 kg. (94 pounds). Although colistin was prescribed in a dosage of 25 mg. every 6 hours he was inadvertently given . . .
Abstract 107: Pre-diagnostic levels of serum one-carbon metabolism biomarkers and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Authors: Lesley M. Butler, Renwei Wang, Teodoro Bottiglieri, Yu-Tang Gao, Jian-Min Yuan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Pre-diagnostic levels of serum one-carbon metabolism biomarkers and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma BACKGROUND. It is well established that rats fed diets deficient in choline and methionine spontaneously develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Tumor DNA from these animals show a characteristic hypomethylation pattern, suggesting that disruption of the one-carbon metabolism (1CM) pathway may be an underlying mechanism for hepatocarcinogenesis. Prospective epidemiological data on circulating levels of 1CM biomarkers in relation to HCC risk have been lacking. METHODS. We prospectively examined the association between prediagnostic serum concentrations of betain, choline, cystathionine, homocysteine (Hcy), methionine, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP, the bioactive form of vitamin B6), S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), and risk of developing HCC among 297 incident HCC cases and 631 matched controls from a cohort of 18,244 men in Shanghai, China. Conditional logistic regression method was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for smoking, alcohol use, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seropositivity and chronic liver disease. RESULTS. Higher serum levels of PLP were associated with statistically significantly reduced risk of HCC. The ORs (95% CIs) for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles of serum PLP were 0.52 (0.32, 0.85), 0.57 (0.35, 0.93) and 0.35 (0.20, 0.60), respectively, compared with the 1st quartile (Ptrend&amp;lt;0.01). Among men with positive HBsAg, doubling serum choline concentration was associated with a statistically significant 58% decrease in HCC risk (OR=0.42; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.92) and doubling serum methionine concentration was positively associated with HCC risk (OR=2.94; 95% CI: 1.27, 6.82). Serum levels of cystathionine were associated with increased risk of HCC among all subjects (OR=1.92; 95% CI: 1.14, 3.21; Ptrend=0.01, comparing the 4th to 1st quartile). There was no association for HCC risk with circulating levels of 5-MTHF, Hcy, SAM, or SAH. CONCLUSION. Choline and PLP may be protective against the development of HCC whereas circulating methionine may be a risk factor for developing HCC, especially among high-risk individuals. Future investigation is warranted to test whether diets high in vitamin B6 are effective in preventing HCC development in high-risk populations. Citation Format: Lesley M. Butler, Renwei Wang, Teodoro Bottiglieri, Yu-Tang Gao, Jian-Min Yuan. Pre-diagnostic levels of serum one-carbon metabolism biomarkers and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 107. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-107
Influence of Smoking Fewer Cigarettes on Exposure to Tar, Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Neal L. Benowitz, Peyton Jacob, Lynn T. Kozlowski, Lisa Yu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

In the hope of reducing the adverse health consequences of smoking, physicians frequently advise their patients who cannot quit to smoke fewer cigarettes. Habitual smokers may compensate for the reduced number of cigarettes, however, by taking in more smoke per cigarette. We measured the intake of tar (estimated as mutagenic activity of the urine), nicotine, and carbon monoxide during short-term cigarette restriction. With a reduction from an average of 37 cigarettes to an average of 5 cigarettes per day, the intake of tobacco toxins per cigarette increased roughly threefold and daily exposure to tar and carbon monoxide declined only 50 percent. We conclude that smoking fewer cigarettes may reduce exposure to toxins and related adverse health consequences. However, consistent with a tendency to maintain intake of nicotine, the magnitude of the benefit is much less than expected. Whether "oversmoking" persists during long-term restriction of cigarettes requires further investigation.
Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Leiomyomas: Targeting Growth Factors and Their Receptors
Authors: R A Nowak
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Leiomyomas (fibroids) are benign smooth-muscle cell (SMC) tumors of the uterus and are the most common pelvic tumors in women. These tumors occur primarily during the reproductive years and are the most common indication for hysterectomy in women. Unfortunately the only effective treatments for leiomyomas and the associated abnormal uterine bleeding are surgical, involving either hysterectomy, myomectomy, or hysteroscopic removal of the tumors. The goal of this paper is to discuss recent research findings that support the idea of using therapeutic compounds that block the actions of specific growth factors as therapeutic agents for treatment of leiomyomas and abnormal uterine bleeding. Most of the studies were carried out using cell cultures of leiomyoma or myometrial SMCs. Primary cultures of SMCs provide a system for investigation of the roles of growth factors and their receptors in proliferation of normal myometrial and leiomyoma SMCs. Several growth factors have been shown to be present and to have regulatory roles in the proliferation of uterine SMCs. Bioassay and Western blotting of fast protein liquid chromatography fractions of tissue extracts identified platelet-derived growth factor, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, hepatoma-derived growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor in normal myometrium and fibroid tumors. The presence of heparin-binding growth factors suggests a possible focus for therapeutic agents. RG13577 (a heparinlike compound) and halofuginone (an alkyloid) reversibly inhibited DNA synthesis of normal myometrial and leiomyoma cells without toxic effects. Pirfenidone, a known antifibrotic drug, inhibited DNA synthesis and synthesis of collagen type I mRNA in normal and fibroid cells, and decreased collagen type III mRNA only in normal myometrial cells. Another hopeful therapeutic candidate, interferon-Alpha, significantly inhibited growth factor-stimulated proliferation in both normal and leiomyoma cells. These results suggest that future nonsurgical treatments for leiomyomas may include compounds that block the actions of specific growth factors that regulate proliferation and collagen production by uterine SMCs.
SP0086 Promotion Exercise: The Evidence
Authors: A. H. Häkkinen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3></h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, autoimmune disease, and the most common form of chronic joint inflammation. Inflammation leads to elevation of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP). RA also results in downregulation of anabolic factors for muscle, for example, muscle levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) [1]. The circulating levels of cytokines reflect may also play a significant role in rheumatoid cachexia, which is defined as a loss of body cell mass which predominates in skeletal muscle [2]. Despite the significant improvement of pharmaceutical interventions, therapeutic exercise is an important part of RA management reducing joint pain and stiffness, increasing joint mobility and muscle strength and improving psychological well-being. Exercise can also help reduce the risk of other health problems, such as heart disease or diabetes, which can accompany RA [3]. Despite the knowledge of health benefits, in a large multicenter study including a total of 5,235 patients from 58 sites in 21 countries (QUEST-RA- study), the majority of the patients were physically inactive with no regular weekly exercise. According to a recent meta-analysis exercise is safe treatment for adults with RA as some studies reported decreases in functional capacity impairment and disease activity, and joint count [4]. One study reported significantly less progression of small joint radiographic damage of the feet in the dynamic exercise group, while another showed that sports and games involving twisting and rapid joint loading exercises may have detrimental effect on large joints in patients with an extensive pre-existent large joint damage. Five studies have evaluated the impact of resistance exercises on VAS pain. The results of the meta-analysis showed that there was trend towards a small positive effect on pain and more importantly exercise did not aggravate pain. "A rolling stone gathers no moss" <h3>References</h3> Pedersen BK, Saltin B. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2006;16:S3–63. Häkkinen A et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2005;23:505–512. Sokka T, Häkkinen A, et al. and QUEST-RA Group. Arthritis 3. Rheum. 2008 :15;59:42-50. Baillet A. et al. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012 :51:519-27. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
PT-03 * PROLONGED VASOSPASM FOLLOWING POSTERIOR FOSSA TUMOR RESECTION- A CASE REPORT
Authors: N. Dalvi, C. Jacob, S. Karkare
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Cerebral Vasospasm Syndrome after tumor resection has not been well described in the pediatric population. It is a frequent complication after subarachnoid hemorrhage in adults and few case reports have discussed it following resection of pituitary/sellar tumors. There are only 3 reported pediatric cases in the literature. Usual onset of symptoms occurs at a mean of 8 days postoperatively involving mainly the anterior circulation. We report our experience of a 17-year-old boy who developed recurrent diffuse cerebral vasospasm that lasted 6 weeks after surgery. The patient was diagnosed with a left cerebellar grade IV medulloblastoma and underwent subtotal resection with no major operative complications. 2 weeks after surgery, he developed worsening of focal weakness and expressive aphasia that progressed to lethargy, bradycardia and decreased brainstem reflexes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed acute ischemia in the frontoparietal, right occipital, and right medial temporal lobe. Subsequent magnetic resonance angiography two days later showed narrowing of left internal carotid and basilar artery with beading. The spasm progressed the following day to involve the Circle of Willis territories bilaterally. An external ventricular drain was placed and steroids, triple therapeutic hypervolemia, hypertension, and hemodilution therapy, and intrathecal nicardipine were started. His vasospasm improved 10 days later but he developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome secondary to the treatment. As he was weaned off therapy, he became symptomatic again and was found to have a recurrence of vasospasm. His symptoms and MRI vasospasm gradually resolved and at 8 weeks after surgery he was discharged with stable initial postoperative deficits. This is one of the first pediatric cases to describe vasospasm lasting 6 weeks following a posterior fossa tumor resection. The prolonged course of this patient's symptoms shows the importance of early recognition with a high index of suspicion and aggressive treatment of vasospasm in the initial phase.
Participation of Life-Science Faculty in Research Relationships with Industry
Authors: David Blumenthal, Eric G. Campbell, Nancyanne Causino, Karen Seashore Louis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Recent research on academic–industrial research relationships in the life sciences has examined their frequency, benefits, risks, and evolution from the standpoint of industrial sponsors of research. We collected information on the extent and effects of academic–industrial research relationships from the standpoint of faculty members who participate in them.
Abstract P2-13-08: Comparison of Compliance to Anti Estrogen Therapy in Patients with Early Breast Cancer followed at Tertiary Centers versus Through Family Physicians and Primary Surgeons: A Practice Review
Authors: SS Alkhayyat, J Younus, FN Mirza, L Stitt
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Poor adherence or non-compliance to pharmacologic therapies in chronic diseases is a major clinical problem. Adherence to adjuvant anti-estrogen therapies among patients with early breast cancer (EBC) is variable as reported in different clinical trials. Cancer centres, at present, frequently refer patients with EBC on adjuvant anti-estrogen therapy back to their surgeons and family doctors for follow up. In order to find any difference in compliance for such patients, we reviewed patients followed by their primary surgeons and family doctors (peripheral cohort) for adherence and compared them to patients regularly followed in the cancer center (central cohort). Patients and Methods: Women with EBC receiving anti-estrogen therapy were identified from breast cancer database at London Regional Cancer Program LRCP). A standardized telephone interview was conducted with patients. We assumed that adherence in the central cohort will be 20% higher than the peripheral cohort. Patient are considered adherent if they took more than 80%, Non-adherent if they took less than 50% and semi-adherent if they took 50–80% of the prescribed medication. Results: We recruited a total of 160 patients (80 patients in each cohort). Seventy seven (96.3%) patients in central cohort were compliant and 76 (95%) patients were compliant in the peripheral cohort. The HR was 0.7 (p &amp;gt;.999) Conclusion: From our retrospective review, we did not observe any significant difference in the adherence to adjuvant anti-estrogen therapy in patients with EBC. The present process of discharging such patients to surgeons and family physicians for follow up does not seem to affect their compliance. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-13-08.
AB1466-HPR Pain management: Observation and side effects - french situation
Authors: C. Taieb
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Pain treatment is a real challenge for Public Health and a requirement for the quality and evolution of a health system. It responds primarily to a humanist and ethical objective, intrinsic to the dignity of the humankind. The physical pain and moral suffering experienced during all ages of life make those already weakened by the disease even more vulnerable. Treatment compliance is essential to the efficacy of the treatment offered. Side effects or undesirable effects may be caused by non compliance when they appear in the first 24 or 48 hours after treatment. <h3>Objectives</h3> The objectyive is to describe the side effects perceived during the first 48 hours and spontaneously cited by the subjects treated with an analgesic. <h3>Methods</h3> Prospective, longitudinal, multicenter observational study, conducted in France using data collected by the general practitioners who agreed to participate. <h3>Results</h3> Patients were treated either with a paracetamol-codeine combination (n=742) or with a paracetamol-tramadol combination (n=107). Nausea/vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness and constipation were the 4 most commonly cited side effects. In the first group, prevalence after 24h was 9.56%, 2.96%, 4.44% and 1.08% respectively, versus 13.89%, 7.41%, 2.78% and 2.78% in the second group. On the 2nd day, prevalence in the first group was 3.9%, 2.01%, 3.4% and 2.8% respectively, versus 11.1%, 3.7%, 1.85% and 2.78% in the second group. Prevalence of at least one side effect perceived during the 7 days of treatment was 29.74% in the first group versus 40.74% in the second treatment group. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A study published in 2005 (1) indicated 37% constipation, 24% nausea and vomiting and 22.4% dizziness for a group of patients undergoing treatment. It appeared that the patients treated with one of the two drug combinations had fewer complaints of the same side effects. <h3>References</h3> Patients and chronic pain. Exercer Magazine Jan 2005, Le Goaziou et al. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> C. Taieb Employee of: PFSA
USEFULNESS OF PERICORONARY FAT RATIO AS A STRONG PREDICTOR FOR CORONARY PLAQUE VULNERABILITY COMPARED TO EPICARDIAL ADIPOSE TISSUE MEASURED BY CORONARY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Ryo Okubo, Mikihito Toda, Ippei Watanabe, Takayuki Yabe, Hideo Amano, Rine Nakanishi, Ikeda Takanori
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Abstract P3-02-10: Implementation and uptake of a provincial, population-based, organized breast screening program for high risk women in Ontario: The Ontario breast screening program (OBSP) high risk program.
Authors: A Eisen, J Carroll, AM Chiarelli, M Horgan, W Meschino, L Rabeneck, R Shumak, E Warner
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Genetic testing for mutations in BRCA1/2 has been clinically available in Ontario since 2000. Over 15000 individuals have been tested. Evidence from clinical trials has consistently shown that women at high risk of breast cancer (BrCa) benefit from BrCa screening that includes both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast and mammography, yet access to MRI in Ontario was variable. In 2011, Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) established an expert panel to develop a protocol for expanding the OBSP, initially created for average risk women 50–74, to include MRI and mammography for eligible high risk women. Methods: The panel's tasks included: 1. determining high risk criteria 2. estimating the prevalence of high risk women 3. selecting a cancer risk model 4. developing a referral and assessment pathway for potentially eligible subjects 5. developing educational resources, training plan and communication strategy for relevant stakeholders 6. developing indicators for program evaluation, 7. providing guidance for post-implementation issues. Results: The program was initiated July, 2011 and now includes 28 sites. Women aged 30–69 with and without a history of breast cancer are eligible if they 1. are BRCA1/2 mutation carriers or untested first degree relatives of carriers, 2. have a lifetime risk of breast cancer &amp;gt;=25% based on family history according to IBIS or BOADICEA risk models, or 3. received prior radiation therapy to the chest. It is estimated that 34000 high risk women in the target age group live in Ontario. Preliminary volume data for the first 9 mos are shown in Table 1. Of the 5037 women participating, 802 have been referred directly by their physician and 4,235 have been referred for genetic assessment. Of the 2,946 women who received genetic assessment, 31% met the high risk criteria. To date, 729 high risk MRI scans have been performed. Conclusions: A population based organized screening program for high risk women that includes genetic risk assessment has been implemented in Ontario. Further evaluation of risk assessment and screen results are underway. To our knowledge, this is the first organized screening program for women at high risk of breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-02-10.
Unusual Uptake of Radioiodine in the Small Bowel in a Patient With Thyroid Cancer and Bowel Malrotation
Authors: Ezekiel Maloney, Arnold Kang, Satoshi Minoshima
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Whole-body radioiodide scan is an essential procedure in the evaluation of radioiodine-avid metastatic foci in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Normal physiologic distribution of the radiotracer includes the stomach and colon, but the small intestine is not often seen. Gastrointestinal anatomic variants may be associated with atypical activity on 123I scan. We report here a case of intestinal malrotation with associated 123I uptake in the small intestine. Careful correlation of planar imaging with SPECT/CT revealed the likely malrotation as well as small bowel uptake superimposed over normal colonic uptake. This finding was occult on prior 131I scan.
PACEMAKER DEPENDENCY AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCTION IN GLOBAL LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION
Authors: Masataka Sugahara, Antonia Delgado-Montero, John Schindler, Thomas Gleason, Joao Cavalcante, William Katz, Frederick Crock, David Schwartzman, Lisa Henry, Joon Lee, John Gorcsan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
TCT-658 The Mechanism and Pattern of In-Stent Restenosis Among Bare Metal, 1st Generation, and 2nd Generation Drug-Eluting Stents: An Intravascular Ultrasound Study
Authors: Kosaku Goto, Zhijing Zhao, MITSUAK I. MATSUMURA, Tomotaka Dohi, Nobuaki Kobayashi, Ajay J. Kirtane, Manish Parikh, Martin Leon, Jeffrey W. Moses, Gary S. Mintz, Akiko Maehara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
P213 The Impact Of Sleep Disordered Breathing On Peripheral Muscle
Authors: S. Mandal, T. Dhir, A. Vaughan-France, E. Suh, N. Hart
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterised by peripheral muscle wasting with consequent reduction in muscle strength and function. In this cohort of patients a reduction in muscle strength correlates with morbidity and mortality. Less well known are the characteristics of muscle in patients with sleep disordered breathing (SDB), a disease state that can also be dominated by inflammation, breathlessness and hypoxia. We sought to examine the impact of sleep disordered breathing on peripheral muscle size and strength. <h3>Method</h3> 51 subjects were recruited: 15 healthy controls (HC) with a normal body mass index (BMI, &lt;25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), 16 overweight and obese individuals with no SDB controls (SO), and 20 obese subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Subjects underwent measurements of Rectus Femoris Cross Sectional Area (RF<sub>CSA</sub>) and quadriceps maximal voluntary contraction (QMVC). Handgrip strength and six minute walk distance (SMWD) were also recorded. <h3>Results</h3> As expected there were differences in BMI between the groups. There were also significant differences in muscle strength and RF<sub>CSA</sub> when corrected for body weight between HC and OSA groups and between SO and OSA groups, but no differences between HC and SO groups (Table 1). The SO group demonstrated higher measurements of strength and RF<sub>CSA</sub> than the HC group, however, the OSA group had lower measurements than both the HC and SO group. This translated to a functional difference as measured by the SMWD, again demonstrating the longest distance in the SO group and shortest in the OSA group. <h3>Discussion</h3> This study has demonstrated that in those with a BMI ≥25 kg/m<sup>2</sup> there appears to be a beneficial effect of excess weight on peripheral muscle size, strength and function; this may be due to the extra load carried by these individuals exerting a training effect on the muscles. However, in those who are obese with SDB, the SDB seems to exert a negative effect on muscle size, strength and function which may be a result of the inflammation and hypoxia SDB can cause.