tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
1400 DECLINING PREVALENCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN PATIENTS WITH HEREDITARY HAEMOCHROMATOSIS IN THE ERA OF HFE GENE TESTING
Authors: M. Smyth, M. Azhar, C. Kiat, M. Scarry, M. Bohan Keane, A. Moore, A. Lyons, C. Minihan, J.M. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
AB0544 The usefulness of bone spect-ct imaging with volume of interest analysis in early axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: H.-Y. Lee, Y. K. Kim, K. Shin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Imaging is an important tool in diagnosing axial spondylo-arthritis (SpA). In contrast to magnetic resonance imaging, conventional bone scintigraphy has not been so helpful for early detection of axial SpA. However, SPECT (single positron emission computed tomography)/CT has the advantage of better delineating the changes of the sacroiliac (SI) joints as well as the underlying structure. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the usefulness of bone SPECT-CT with volume of interest (VOI) analysis in early axial SpA. <h3>Methods</h3> Fifteen patients presenting with inflammatory back pain meeting the Amor criteria of SpA were recruited from a single center in South Korea. Bone scintigraphy was performed 180 min after intravenous injection of 1110 MBq of Tc-99m-HDP, followed by bone SPECT-CT. The ratio between the entire SI joint and sacrum (SIS ratio) was measured by both bone SPECT-CT and bone scintigraphy. Data from 13 controls were also evaluated. The ROC curve was plotted for further analysis, and the correlation between the SIS ratio and SI joint grade by plain radiography was assessed. <h3>Results</h3> Figure A, B are bone SPECT-CT images of a representative early axial SpA patient, whereas Figure C, D are those of a control subject. The SIS ratio of early axial SpA patients <i>vs.</i> control subjects was significantly increased (<i>p</i> = 0.000) in bone SPECT-CT. However, no significant difference was detected in bone scintigraphy. ROC curve analysis showed a significant difference in the AUC of bone SPECT-CT <i>vs</i>. bone scintigraphy (0.873 <i>vs.</i> 0.560, respectively; <i>p</i> = 0.000). With a cutoff SIS ratio of 1.5, ROC curve analysis showed a sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 76.9% in bone SPECT-CT. The SIS ratio measured in SPECT-CT, but not that measured in bone scintigraphy, was significantly increased with a higher grade of SI joint changes in plain radiography (<i>p</i> = 0.000). <h3>Image/graph</h3> <h3>Conclusions</h3> Bone SPECT-CT is more useful than conventional bone scintigraphy in identifying sacroiliitis in axial SpA patients, even with mild SI joint changes in plain radiography. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract LB-257: c-Met: a new cancer stem cell marker and therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Chenwei Li, Mark Hynes, Joseph Dosch, Jing-Jiang Wu, Bedabrata Sarkar, Marina Pasca di Magliano, Diane M. Simeone
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a highly aggressive disease which is usually diagnosed in an advanced state and for which there are little/no effective therapies. The growth of many cancers depends on a subpopulation of self-renewing cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSC). We have previously identified such a CSC population in human pancreatic cancers which possess the cell surface marker phenotype CD44+CD24+ESA+. C-Met, a member of the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) family and receptor for the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) ligand, has been recently described as a marker of normal mouse pancreatic stem/progenitor cells. We hypothesized that c-Met may function as a cell surface marker and therapeutic target for human pancreatic CSCs. Studies were performed in low passage primary human pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografts (n = 3) established in NOD-SCID mice. Self-renewal capacity of c-Methigh pancreatic cancer cells was assessed using in vitro sphere assays and in vivo tumorigenicity of c-Methigh pancreatic cancer cells was evaluated by cell implantation in NOD/SCID mice. In vitro studies demonstrated that c-Methigh cells formed spheres in non-adherent cultures, while c-Met− cells did not. Use of the c-Met inhibitor XL184 or c-Met knockdown with shRNA significantly inhibited tumor sphere formation. Pancreatic cancer cells expressing high c-Met had increased tumorigenic potential in vivo and cells expressing both CD44 and c-Methigh, representing 0.5-5% of pancreatic cancer cells, demonstrated the highest tumorigenic potential of all populations studied to date. C-Methigh CD44+ expressing pancreatic cancer cells demonstrated the capacity for self-renewal and production of differentiated progeny, properties that define CSCs. Further, c-Met inhibition of established primary human pancreatic tumors in NOD/SCID mice significantly inhibited tumor growth and depleted the pancreatic CSC population, when used alone or in combination with gemcitabine. Inhibition of c-Met also prevented the developmental of metastases using an intracardiac injection model. In this report, we define c-Met as a new marker for pancreatic CSC and define c-MethighCD44+ cells as a highly tumorigenic pancreatic CSC population. Our data also indicate that targeting c-Met may be useful in eradicating a CSC population and inhibiting the development of metastases. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-257.
Abstract 2348: Frzb/sFRP3 inhibits lung metastasis of osteosarcoma
Authors: Yi Guo, Alexander Christ, Ariel Czerwinski, Rui Ni, Jun Xie, Xiaolin Zi, Bang H Hoang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignancy of bone. In spite of the recent advances in chemotherapy and surgery, 40-50% of the adolescent patients develop lung metastasis, 80% of patients with metastasis at diagnosis will relapse. Survival rate has shown no significant change over past 20 years. The molecular mechanism of metastasis of OS needs to be further explored and the novel anti-metastatic target needs to be developed. Our previous data showed that Frzb (also known as sFRP3), a secreted Fz-related protein, suppressed metastasis of fibrosarcoma. In this study, we examined the anti-metastatic effects of Frzb on OS, using the 143B and LM7 cell lines as a model. Frzb expression construct was stably transfected into 143B cells and LM7 cells. Over-expression of Frzb in OS cells was confirmed by real time PCR and western-blot. In a lung metastasis nude mice model, osteosarcoma LM7 cells expressing Frzb formed much fewer and much smaller lung metastatic nodules than control cells. Frzb also decreased in vitro cellular motility in a scratch wound assay. In order to determine the potential molecular mechanism underlying the anti-metastatic effect of Frzb on osteosarcoma, we examined the expression of c-Met, S100A4 and reversal of EMT (Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition). By real time PCR and western-blot assay, c-Met and S100A4, which were extensively reported to be involved in metastasis of different cancers, were both down-regulated by Frzb. However, most of epithelial markers (E-cadherin, keratin 8, keratin18, etc) and mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, Vimentin, fibronectin) remained unchanged. Our study suggests that Frzb has strong anti-metastatic effect on osteosarcoma. The potential molecular mechanism may be through down-regulation of c-Met and S100A4 in OS cells by Frzb, instead of reversing the EMT. Therefore, strategies to over-express or deliver Frzb in osteosarcoma may lead to a reduction of lung metastasis Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2348.
Bringing development into a universal model of reading
Authors: S Hélène Deacon
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Reading development is integral to a universal model of reading. Developmental research can tell us which factors drive reading acquisition and which are the product of reading. Like adult research, developmental research needs to be contextualised within the language and writing system and it needs to include key cross-linguistic evaluations. This will create a universal model of reading development.
Lack of Effect of a Low-Fat, High-Fiber Diet on the Recurrence of Colorectal Adenomas
Authors: Arthur Schatzkin, Elaine Lanza, Donald Corle, Peter Lance, Frank Iber, Bette Caan, Moshe Shike, Joel Weissfeld, Randall Burt, M. Robert Cooper, J. Walter Kikendall, Jack Cahill, Laurence Freedman, James Marshall, Robert E. Schoen, Martha Slattery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

We tested the hypothesis that dietary intervention can inhibit the development of recurrent colorectal adenomas, which are precursors of most large-bowel cancers.
Abstract 3458: Benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrene (BP)-induced DNA damage is elevated in mice lacking <i>Xeroderma pigmentosum</i> complementation group A (<i>Xpa</i>) and heterozygous for the tumor suppressor gene <i>p53</i>
Authors: Kaarthik John, Margaret M. Pratt, Mona I. Churchwell, Frederick A. Beland, Gail McMullen, Miriam C. Poirier
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract In developing countries, esophageal cancer is the third most common cancer in men. We have employed a mouse model of esophageal cancer using DNA repair deficient mice. Unlike their wild type counterparts, C57BL/6J mice lacking Xpa and heterozygous for p53 [Xpa(−/−) p53(+/−)] have previously been shown to develop forestomach and esophageal tumors when fed BP (Hoogervorst et al., Carcinogenesis, 2003). Two methodologies were employed to examine BP-induced steady-state levels of DNA damage in esophagi of male mice fed 0 or 100 ppm BP for 4 weeks. HPLC, in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), was used to measure 10-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-benzo[a]pyrene (BPdG) and a chemiluminiscence immunoassay (CIA), using antiserum elicited against r7,t8-dihydroxy-t-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE)-modified DNA was used to evaluate BP-DNA adducts. In the esophagi of Xpa(−/−) p53(+/−) mice, there were 38.7 ± 4.8 BPdG adducts/108 nucleotides (mean ± SE, n=5), as measured by HPLC-MS/MS, while in the wild type mice there were 28.0 ± 1.8 BPdG adducts/108 nucleotides (mean ± SE, n=5). Furthermore, complete loss of p53 resulted in the greatest accumulation of BPdG adducts, with 58.1 ± 8.6 BPdG adducts/108 nucleotides (n=5) in Xpa(−/−) p53(−/−) mice (p&amp;lt;0.05 vs. wild type mice). Esophageal BP-DNA adduct values, as measured by CIA, were 23.3 ± 1.7 adducts/108 nucleotides (n=3) in the Xpa(−/−) p53(+/−) mice, compared to 14.6 ± 3.0 adducts/108 nucleotides (n=3) in the wild type mice. Since similar adduct levels were determined using both HPLC-MS/MS and CIA, this indicates that BPdG is the major adduct resulting from BP in mouse esophagus. The higher levels of DNA damage in DNA repair-deficient p53-deficient mice, compared to their wild type counterparts, may contribute to the enhanced susceptibility of these mice to esophageal tumor induction by BP. Currently we are examining the role of chlorophyllin, a chemopreventive agent, in reducing BP-induced DNA damage levels and tumor formation in this model. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3458.
INFLUENCE OF VENTRICULAR PACING WAVEFRONTS ON MYOCARDIAL SCAR DETECTION DURING ELECTROANATOMIC VOLTAGE MAPPING
Authors: Roderick Tung, Jason Bradfield, Eric Buch, Marmar Vaseghi, Carlos Macias, Olujimi Ajijola, Osamu Fujimura, Noel Boyle, Kalyanam Shivkumar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Biology before Anatomy in Early Breast Cancer — Precisely the Point
Authors: Clifford A. Hudis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Building on a foundation of clinical and laboratory observations, translational research, broad collaborations, and global education, adjuvant therapy for early-stage breast cancer has been an effective public health intervention. Standardization and even a one-size-fits-all philosophy were supported by individual trials and the worldwide overviews that showed proportional reductions in risk with chemotherapy in particular. Because higher risk, identified anatomically on the basis of tumor size or the presence of ipsilateral axillary nodal metastases, was associated with greater absolute therapeutic benefit, many clinical groups set risk thresholds, defined as a tumor size of 1 cm in the greatest dimension or any . . .
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Childhood Autism in Association with Prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances: A Nested Case–Control Study in the Danish National Birth Cohort
Authors: Zeyan Liew, Beate Ritz, Ondine S. von Ehrenstein, Bodil Hammer Bech, Ellen Aagaard Nohr, Chunyuan Fei, Rossana Bossi, Tine Brink Henriksen, Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Jørn Olsen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Background:Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent pollutants found to be endocrine disruptive and neurotoxic in animals. Positive correlations between PFASs and neurobehavioral problems in children were reported in cross-sectional data, but findings from prospective studies are limited.Objectives:We investigated whether prenatal exposure to PFASs is associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or childhood autism in children.Methods:Among 83,389 mother–child pairs enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort during 1996–2002, we identified 890 ADHD cases and 301 childhood autism cases from the Danish National Hospital Registry and the Danish Psychiatric Central Registry. From this cohort, we randomly selected 220 cases each of ADHD and autism, and we also randomly selected 550 controls frequency matched by child’s sex. Sixteen PFASs were measured in maternal plasma collected in early or mid-pregnancy. We calculated risk ratios (RRs) using generalized linear models, taking into account sampling weights.Results:Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were detected in all samples; four other PFASs were quantified in ≥ 90% of the samples. We did not find consistent evidence of associations between mother’s PFAS plasma levels and ADHD [per natural log nanograms per milliliter increase: PFOS RR = 0.87 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.02); PFOA RR = 0.98 (95% CI: 0.82, 1.16)] or autism [per natural log nanograms per milliliter increase: PFOS RR = 0.92 (95% CI: 0.69, 1.22); PFOA RR = 0.98 (95% CI: 0.73, 1.31)]. We found positive as well as negative associations between higher PFAS quartiles and ADHD in models that simultaneously adjusted for all PFASs, but these estimates were imprecise.Conclusions:In this study we found no consistent evidence to suggest that prenatal PFAS exposure increases the risk of ADHD or childhood autism in children.Citation:Liew Z, Ritz B, von Ehrenstein OS, Bech BH, Nohr EA, Fei CY, Bossi R, Henriksen TB, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Olsen J. 2015. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and childhood autism in association with prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances: a nested case–control study in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Environ Health Perspect 123:367–373; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408412
AB0081 Effect of chondroitin sulfate on the factors involved in synovial inflammation
Authors: J. Martel-Pelletier, F. Mineau, E. Montell, J. Vergés, J.-P. Pelletier
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3></h3> <b>Background:</b> The field of hereditary cancer syndromes and genetic testing for patients and families is a rapidly evolving discipline, with an emphasis on cancer prevention. <b>Methods:</b> We review the literature regarding the most common genetic syndromes associated with gynecologic malignancies and discuss the management of these conditions. We also examine the logistic process surrounding cancer genetic testing and identify some perceived barriers. <b>Results:</b> Five genetic syndromes are known to be associated with gynecologic malignancies: hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, Lynch, Cowden, Peutz-Jeghers, and Li-Fraumeni. Each is associated with varying risks of breast, ovarian, and uterine malignancies. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines regarding the management of these syndromes are focused primarily on reducing the risk of developing gynecologic malignancies. However, great complexity is involved with genetic testing for patients and their families, and barriers exist for the widespread use and implementation of such testing. <b>Conclusion:</b> Genetic testing is fundamental to primary cancer prevention and to oncologic care. Physicians, payers, and institutions must work collaboratively to maximize genetic testing with the goals of primary cancer prevention and treatment.
Detection of Growth-Hormone Deficiency
Authors: M. L. Mitchell, M. J. Byrne, Y. Sanchez, C. T. Sawin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

After injection of glucagon, growth hormone increased to 8.0 ng per milliliter or more in 33 of 34 subjects without apparent pituitary disease. In 21 of 23 patients with pituitary disease the maximum value did not exceed 4.8 ng per milliliter. The glucagon stimulation test is a safe, convenient and reasonably reliable way of testing for growth-hormone deficiency.
Increased F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Thyroidal Uptake in Graves' Disease
Authors: JONAS F. Y. SANTIAGO, SUMAN JANA, HOSSAM EL-ZEFTAWY, SLEIMAN NADDAF, HUSSEIN M. ABDEL-DAYEM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Localization of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been described before in inflammatory conditions of the thyroid, particularly chronic thyroiditis. The differential diagnosis would include adenomatous goiter, acute or subacute thyroiditis, anaplastic carcinoma, malignant diffuse lymphoma, and Graves' disease. The increased uptake in Graves' disease may follow a mechanism similar to that of uptake in chronic thyroiditis, as both are autoimmune diseases, but the exact mechanism is still unknown. Graves' disease is characterized by cell hyperplasia, usually is accompanied by lymphocytic infiltration, and correlates with levels of antithyroid antibodies in the blood. This case involves an untreated patient with documented Graves' disease, which was first discovered in an F-18 FDG study that was requested to evaluate the extent of recently diagnosed head and neck cancer. The imaging study revealed intense uptake of F-18 FDG in both thyroid lobes.
NON-INFERIORITY DESIGNS OVER THE LAST DECADE OF CONTEMPORARY CARDIOVASCULAR CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: Muthiah Vaduganathan, Ravi Patel, Ayman Samman Tahhan, Andreas Kalogeropoulos, Vasiliki Georgiopoulou, Gregg Fonarow, Mihai Gheorghiade, Javed Butler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
Abstract 1121: A novel <i>KIF5B-ALK</i> fusion gene variant with transforming potentials in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Daisy Wing-Sze Wong, Elaine Lai-Han Leung, Sunny Kit-Man Wong, Vicky Pui-Chi Tin, Maria Pik Wong
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract BACKGROUND: The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene is frequently involved in chromosomal translocations resulting in fusion genes with different partners found in various lympho-proliferative conditions. In non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), the fusion protein encoded by echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-ALK fusion gene was recently reported to confer oncogenic properties. This study aimed to identify other possible ALK fusion genes and analyze their oncogenic potentials. METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to screen for aberrant ALK expression in primary NSCLC. 5’ rapid amplification of cDNA ends was used to screen for potential novel 5’ fusion partners of ALK other than EML4-ALK. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization were used to confirm the identity of 5’fusion partner. The genomic breakpoint was verified using genomic sequencing. Overexpression of the novel ALK fusion gene and variants 3a and 3b of EML4-ALK was performed to assess downstream signaling and functional effects. RESULTS: We identified a novel gene resulting from fusion of kinesin family member 5B (KIF5B) exon 15 to ALK exon 20 in a primary lung adenocarcinoma. Western blot of the clinical tumor tissues showed expression of a protein whose size correlated with that of the predicted KIF5B-ALK. Overexpression of KIF5B-ALK in mammalian cells led to STAT3 and AKT activation, enhanced cell proliferation, migration and invasion. These oncogenic properties were comparable to those of EML4-ALK variants. CONCLUSIONS: The discovery of the novel KIF5B-ALK variant with transforming functions further consolidates the role of aberrant ALK signaling in lung carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1121. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1121
Duodenal perforation, vertebral body perforation, and aortic abutment after placement of retrievable inferior vena caval filter
Authors: H. Salameh, R. Sharif, S. Larson, S. Parupudi
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

The use of inferior vena caval (IVC) filters has evolved significantly since implementation in the late 1960s. Despite the very low mortality rates cited in the literature, insertion of retrievable IVC filters can be complicated in up to 10 % of cases [1]. Several short- and long-term complications of retrievable IVC filter devices have been reported [2] [3], including filter migration, fracture of struts, penetration of struts through the IVC and/or adjacent anatomic structures, and thrombosis [4]. Using computed tomography (CT), Durack et al. observed perforation of at least one filter component through the IVC in 43 of 50 (86 %) filters [1]. Of the 43 filters demonstrating caval penetration, 18 (42 %) underwent multiple CT scanning at varying time points after filter deployment, which revealed progressive erosion through the IVC wall [1]. We report a case presenting as hematemesis with initial esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealing a metallic object penetrating the duodenum.
Ectopic Kidney Mimicking a Meckel's Diverticulum on Tc-99m Pertechnetate Scan
Authors: Kevin N. Blackmon, Anil G. Rao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

We report a case of a 9-year-old girl presenting with hematochezia after 2 normal prior colonoscopies having an ectopic right kidney showing increased uptake on a Tc-99m pertechnetate (8.3 mCi) scan, diagnosed as a Meckel's diverticulum. Laparoscopy performed for resection of Meckel's diverticulum showed an ectopic right kidney subsequently confirmed by intravenous urography and sonography (images not presented). Preoperative abdominal radiograph shows soft-tissue density corresponding to the ectopic kidney in the right lower quadrant. This case serves as a reminder of one cause of a false-positive Meckel's diverticulum scan and emphasizes the importance of the critical review of prior imaging.