tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Desmoplasia Promote Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Resistance to Chemotherapy
Authors: Joao Incio, Hao Liu, Priya Suboj, Shan M. Chin, Ivy X. Chen, Matthias Pinter, Mei R. Ng, Hadi T. Nia, Jelena Grahovac, Shannon Kao, Suboj Babykutty, Yuhui Huang, Keehoon Jung, Nuh N. Rahbari, Xiaoxing Han, Vikash P. Chauhan, John D. Martin, Julia Kahn, Peigen Huang, Vikram Desphande, James Michaelson, Theodoros P. Michelakos, Cristina R. Ferrone, Raquel Soares, Yves Boucher, Dai Fukumura, Rakesh K. Jain
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2016)

It remains unclear how obesity worsens treatment outcomes in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In normal pancreas, obesity promotes inflammation and fibrosis. We found in mouse models of PDAC that obesity also promotes desmoplasia associated with accelerated tumor growth and impaired delivery/efficacy of chemotherapeutics through reduced perfusion. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of angiotensin-II type-1 receptor reverses obesity-augmented desmoplasia and tumor growth and improves response to chemotherapy. Augmented activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) in obesity is induced by tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) recruited by adipocyte-secreted IL1β. PSCs further secrete IL1β, and inactivation of PSCs reduces IL1β expression and TAN recruitment. Furthermore, depletion of TANs, IL1β inhibition, or inactivation of PSCs prevents obesity-accelerated tumor growth. In patients with pancreatic cancer, we confirmed that obesity is associated with increased desmoplasia and reduced response to chemotherapy. We conclude that cross-talk between adipocytes, TANs, and PSCs exacerbates desmoplasia and promotes tumor progression in obesity.Considering the current obesity pandemic, unraveling the mechanisms underlying obesity-induced cancer progression is an urgent need. We found that the aggravation of desmoplasia is a key mechanism of obesity-promoted PDAC progression. Importantly, we discovered that clinically available antifibrotic/inflammatory agents can improve the treatment response of PDAC in obese hosts. Cancer Discov; 6(8); 852-69. ©2016 AACR.See related commentary by Bronte and Tortora, p. 821This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 803.
Use of propranolol for provoked and unprovoked episodes of rage
Authors: J J Ratey, R Morrill, G Oxenkrug
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

The use of propranolol to treat unprovoked rage episodes in brain-damaged patients has recently been reported. The authors report three cases that indicate a role for its use in the treatment of overall aggressiveness in brain-damaged or mentally retarded patients.
Association of fragile X syndrome with autism
Authors: P E Goldfine, P M McPherson, G A Heath, V A Hardesty, L J Beauregard, B Gordon
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

The fragile X syndrome has been associated with autism. Blood samples from 37 autistic children and a control group were negative for fragile X chromosome. Large numbers of nonrandom autosomal lesions were observed in both the autistic and control groups.
Intraventricular Hemorrhage in the Premature Infant
Authors: T J Watt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

In summary, IVH is a frequent occurrence in premature infants and will continue to be seen in practice so long as neonatologists remain successful in keeping these very small babies alive. While the low-grade IVH's are typically self-limiting conditions, more profound hemorrhages can have devastating effects on the neonate and initiate a progressive chain of events leading to significant neurodevelopmental morbidity. Early diagnosis and prompt medical management can allow a significant number of children to avoid permanent ventriculoperitoneal shunting. While a large number of these children will require a VP shunt, careful optimization of the child's condition prior to shunting in conjunction with a meticulous surgical technique designed to decrease infection rate allows many of these children to lead essentially normal lives. A team approach involving obstetrical care directed towards prevention of early labor and avoidance of hypoxia and hypercapnia at delivery combined with aggressive management by the neonatologist and early neurosurgical consultation is leading to a more hopeful future for many of these infants.
PWE-408 Should primigravida be made aware of the risk of sphincter injuries and their consequences during antenatal counselling?
Authors: M Keighley, J Hayes
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The incidence of detected third and fourth degree tears is about 2–4%, the risk being higher in first vaginal delivery, assisted deliveries and where there is an abnormal presentation. Many become incontinent. <h3>Method</h3> 81 women with faecal incontinence after childhood trauma were interviewed. <h3>Results</h3> First vaginal delivery: 68 (84%). Assisted delivery: 57 (70%) (Ventouse alone 11, forceps alone 23, both 23). Third degree tear: 52 (64%) (repaired 27, missed 25). Fourth degree tear: 27 (33%) (repaired 13, missed 14). Neuropathy: 25 (31%). Recto-vaginal fistula: 14 (17%). Episiotomy fistula: 10 (12%). Stoma: 16 (20%) (7 still present). Urinary Incontinence: 42 (52%). All had severe bowel incontinence. Sexual dysfunction was present in 77 (95%). Emotional consequences included: anxiety: 80 (99%), embarrassment: 78 (96%), loss of dignity: 68 (84%), loss of confidence: 68 (84%), feeling isolated: 43 (53%), confined to the house: 24 (30%), antidepressant medication: 31 (38%), anger: 23 (28%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> More emphasis should be placed on antenatal counselling, particularly amongst mothers pregnant for the first time. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
OC-077 The short term outcomes from 2468 bariatric procedures: a single centre of excellence
Authors: AA Riaz, J Ferguson, M Talbot
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Bariatric surgery is associated with long-term weight loss and decreased overall mortality.<sup>1</sup>The development of the ‘Centre of Excellence’ model has seen improvements in bariatric outcomes.<sup>2</sup>We wish to publish the short-term results from a single Centre of Excellence in Australia. <h3>Method</h3> A database of 2468 patients was retrospectively created between 2010 and 2013. All patients underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) (n = 1642), laparoscopic gastric band (LGB) (n = 554) and laparoscopic gastric bypass (LRYGB) (n = 272). The primary endpoint was overall mortality. The secondary endpoints were leak rate, length of hospital stay, readmission rates and complication rates. <h3>Results</h3> There were no deaths. There were a total of 9 leaks (LSG-5; LGB-4; 0.36%). The median lengths of stay for LSG, LGB and LRYGB were 3 days, 3 days and 1 day respectively. There were a total of 77 unplanned readmissions for 64 patients (readmission rate 3.1%). 31 readmissions (40.3%) were for dehydration and 14 (18.2%) were for benign abdominal pain. Twenty-four patients were taken back to theatre for complications on 30 occasions (0.97%; LSG-11, LRYGB-9, LGB-4). Ten (33.3%) take back procedures were in revision cases (LSG-1; LRYGB-7; LGB-2). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Bariatric surgery can be performed safely with a satisfactory short term morbidity profile in high-volume centres. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Sjöström L, Narbro K, Sjöström CD, <i>et al</i>. Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(8):741–52 Gebhart A, Young M, Phelan M, Nguyen NT. Impact of accreditation in bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2014;10:767–773
SAT0481 Early Detection and Treatment for Borderline Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis in Japan
Authors: Y. Kawaguchi, K. Takagi, A. Tochimoto, T. Higuchi, H. Yamanaka
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is one of life-threatening complications in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The gold standard of diagnosing PH is using right heart catheterization. Recently, DETECT study (1) was published and showed the first evidence-based detection algorithm for PAH in SSc. This algorithm was composed by eight parameters including anti-centromere antibody, telangiectasia, %FVC/%DLco, uric acid, NT-proBNP and right axis deviation of ECG. However, anti-centromere antibody and telangiectasia have not been associated with PAH with SSc in the Japanese population. It would be necessary to establish an algorithm for detecting early stage PAH in Japan. In the treatment of SSc-associated PAH, the survival rate is still low compared to idiopathic PAH and non-SSc-PAH. <h3>Objectives</h3> Our aim is to determine a new method for the detection of early PAH in patients with SSc in Japan. And then, we investigate the predicative values of a new algorithm using the results of right heart catheterization. The second aim is to determine the efficacy of PAH-specific therapy for borderline PAH. <h3>Methods</h3> We enrolled 118 consecutive patients with SSc in this study, who were admitted to our University Hospital between 2005 and 2014. At first, echocardiography was performed in all patients, and if estimated right ventricular systolic pressure (eRVSP) was more than 40 mmHg, serum levels of NT-pro BNP and %DLco were estimated. If NT-proBNP was more than 250 pg/ml or %DLco was less than 60%, we recommended the patient should be performed by right heart catheterization. <h3>Results</h3> As a result of screening 118 patients by the algorithm, 29 patients (25%) were recommended to undergo right heart catheterization and they were accepted to the examination. Consequently, mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) of 10 patients was 25 mmHg or more, and they were diagnosed as a PAH. Eleven patients showed less than 20 mmHg of mPAP which was normal mPAP. And then, 8 patients showed a borderline mPAP between 21 and 24 mmHg of mPAP. We treated them with PAH-specific drugs; bosentan, sildenafil, tadalafil, and beraprost. After 1 year from treatment, all 8 patients underwent the second right heart catheterization. The levels of mPAP were less than 20 mmHg in all of 8 patients. In addition, the levels of NT-pro BNP decreased to the normal levels. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A new algorithm for the early detection of PAH in patients with SSc could detect 35% of manifest PAH, and 28% of borderline PAH. If patients with borderline PAH were started to be treated with PAH-specific therapy, their mPAP could be improved to the normal range. <h3>References</h3> Coghlan JG, Denton CP, Grunig E, et al. Evidence-based detection of pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis: the DETECT study. Ann Rheum Dis 2014;73:1340-1349 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Breast cancer: evaluating trial results.
Authors: M H Cohen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1992)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1992.10.6.1025 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 1588367 Breast cancer: evaluating trial results. M H CohenxM H CohenSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1992.10.6.1025 PDF "Breast cancer: evaluating trial results.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 10(6), pp. 1025–1026© 1992 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
John Warren
Authors: Charles H. Bradford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

IF portraits could only talk! That is the thought that comes to us as we stroll around the fifth-floor gallery at the Countway Library, with its imposing array of medical Worthies calmly gazing back at us from their handsome, gilt frames. Some of the paintings are priceless Copleys and Stuarts and Peales. Others are of inferior artistic merit; but there is nothing inferior about the faces. All are superior, and challenging, with features showing rare individuality. These trusted and tried old practitioners knew life in all three of its dimensions: its sufferings, its labors, and its loves! If they could . . .
Sensitivity to chemotherapy/tyrosine kinase inhibitors of mucinous lepidic adenocarcinoma should be tested in a phase III trial?
Authors: Jacques Cadranel, Marie Wislez, Alexandra Langlais, Franck Morin, Gérard Zalcman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

We have closely read Marianne Paesmans' detailed analysis pertaining to the statistical issues of the IFCT-0504 trial [1], published in her editorial [2]. However, some misunderstandings concerning the biology of nonmucinous and mucinous lepidic adenocarcinomas (L-ADC) led her to propose a phase III trial comparing paclitaxel–carboplatin with erlotinib in mucinous L-ADC cases, as the next logical step following her statistical analysis. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations are found in 5–22% of L-ADC cases (see discussion of [1]) but only in nonmucinous L-ADC. According to current guidelines, detecting an EGFR mutation should prompt administration of an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), such as gefitinib, erlotinib or afatinib, as first-line treatment [3]. Kirsten Ras (KRAS) mutations are detected in 10–30% of L-ADC cases (see discussion of [1]). While this mutation has been shown to be primarily associated with smoking in nonmucinous L-ADC patients, it can also be found in non-smokers exhibiting mucinous L-ADC. Mucinous lepidic adenocarcinoma are, owing to their biological characteristics, most likely resistant to EGFR TKIs <http://ow.ly/Z3KdA>
Hypnotizability of psychiatric inpatients according to two different scales
Authors: H M Pettinati, L G Kogan, F J Evans, J H Wade, R L Horne, J M Staats
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

Data on the hypnotizability of 113 psychiatric inpatients and 58 normal control subjects were compared. The patients' mean score on the Hypnotic Induction Profile was significantly lower than that of the control subjects, but on the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale: Form C, these patients and control subjects did not differ significantly. On both scales rank-ordered scores of different diagnostic groups of the patients supported the theory that hypnotizability varies according to type of psychopathology. Some results, such as the hypnotizability of the schizophrenic patients, depended on which scale was used. This finding may explain the conflicting literature on the hypnotic potential of schizophrenic patients.
Exacerbation of psychosis after discontinuation of carbamazepine treatment
Authors: C W Heh, J Sramek, J Herrera, J Costa
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

Carbamazepine alone or carbamazepine plus neuroleptic was administered to 20 chronic schizophrenic patients. Upon abrupt discontinuation two of the 20 patients had exacerbations of their psychoses characterized by paranoia, hostility, and agitation. The authors discuss the possibility of a carbamazepine withdrawal syndrome.
Psychodynamic psychiatry in the "decade of the brain"
Authors: G O Gabbard
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

To illustrate the continued relevance of psychodynamic thinking in the practice of contemporary psychiatry, the author reviews a number of studies that demonstrate the intimate connection between psychosocial and neurophysiological factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. A survey of three specific anxiety disorders illustrates the complex interaction between mind and brain in these disorders.Research on both primates and humans suggests that psychological influences result in permanent alterations of a neurobiological nature. Similarly, psychological interventions in a treatment context may have a profound impact on neurophysiology. Clinical case examples demonstrate that "biologically based" disorders may be rich in unconscious meaning. Clinical understanding of the meaning of symptoms may be instrumental in ensuring patients' compliance with pharmacotherapy regimens and in the removal of other resistances to treatment.In contemporary psychiatry, a psychodynamic perspective must be preserved. Without it, meaning will be lost, and both diagnostic understanding and informed treatment planning will suffer as a result.
Ischaemic preconditioning
Authors: H. L TAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Ischaemic preconditioning Get access HANNO L TAN HANNO L TAN Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 10, October 1993, Pages 1884–1885, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.10.1884 Published: 01 October 1993
Inverse Association Between Gluteofemoral Obesity and Risk of Barrett’s Esophagus in a Pooled Analysis
Authors: Bradley J. Kendall, Joel H. Rubenstein, Michael B. Cook, Thomas L. Vaughan, Lesley A. Anderson, Liam J. Murray, Nicholas J. Shaheen, Douglas A. Corley, Apoorva K. Chandar, Li Li, Katarina B. Greer, Amitabh Chak, Hashem B. El-Serag, David C. Whiteman, Aaron P. Thrift
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2016)
Adequacy of Current State Setbacks for Directional High-Volume Hydraulic Fracturing in the Marcellus, Barnett, and Niobrara Shale Plays
Authors: Marsha Haley, Michael McCawley, Anne C. Epstein, Bob Arrington, Elizabeth Ferrell Bjerke
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2016)

Background:There is an increasing awareness of the multiple potential pathways leading to human health risks from hydraulic fracturing. Setback distances are a legislative method to mitigate potential risks.Objectives:We attempted to determine whether legal setback distances between well-pad sites and the public are adequate in three shale plays.Methods:We reviewed geography, current statutes and regulations, evacuations, thermal modeling, air pollution studies, and vapor cloud modeling within the Marcellus, Barnett, and Niobrara Shale Plays.Discussion:The evidence suggests that presently utilized setbacks may leave the public vulnerable to explosions, radiant heat, toxic gas clouds, and air pollution from hydraulic fracturing activities.Conclusions:Our results suggest that setbacks may not be sufficient to reduce potential threats to human health in areas where hydraulic fracturing occurs. It is more likely that a combination of reasonable setbacks with controls for other sources of pollution associated with the process will be required.Citation:Haley M, McCawley M, Epstein AC, Arrington B, Bjerke EF. 2016. Adequacy of current state setbacks for directional high-volume hydraulic fracturing in the Marcellus, Barnett, and Niobrara Shale Plays. Environ Health Perspect 124:1323–1333; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510547
Role of Surgery in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: J Lacour, J Genin, G Michel, P Lasser, J Y Petit
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THU0470 Effects of Diabetes on Knee Pain and Function in Persons at Risk of Osteoarthritis Having no or Mild Symptoms: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: I. Shirinsky, V. Shirinsky
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Recent research suggests that knee symptoms in most patients with established OA are stable over the long term [1]. Thus, a person may begin to belong to a particular stable pain/function trajectory before the onset of OA. We hypothesized that diabetes, which is one of the proposed OA risk factors, leads to development of stable knee pain and function impairment in persons with asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic preosteoarthritis. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate overall and time-dependent longitudinal effects of diabetes on knee pain and function in persons at risk for OA having no or mild knee symptoms. <h3>Methods</h3> For the current analysis we used sample of participants from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) Incidence Subcohort who had WOMAC pain score &lt;4 at baseline. The evaluated outcomes were WOMAC pain and function subcategories measured annually from baseline to year 5. Participants with self-reported treated diabetes were matched 1:1 to participants who did not report diabetes either at baseline or during the follow-up period. Propensity score matching was performed based on baseline demographic parameters, BMI, history of prior knee surgery, and baseline WOMAC pain and function scores. Longitudinal missing data were imputed using multiple imputation technique. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used for regression modelling. To evaluate overall and time-dependent differences between diabetic and non-diabetic participants we used diabetes and diabetes*time (as factor) interaction as predictor variables. <h3>Results</h3> Ninety eight OAI participants with diabetes were matched to 98 non-diabetic ones. Participants with diabetes had on average higher WOMAC scores during the follow up (β =0.34, p=0.008). Positive association between diabetes*time and WOMAC pain was significant only on year 1 (β =0.57, p=0.046). Similar overall and time-dependent effects of diabetes were found for WOMAC function scores (β=0.62, p=0.027 and β =0.33, p=0.02 for diabetes and diabetes*time interaction on year 1, correspondingly). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In early preosteoarthritis, the detrimental effects of diabetes on knee pain and function reached their plateau during the first year of observation and remained stable thereafter. <h3>References</h3> Collins JE, Katz JN, Dervan EE, Losina E. Trajectories and risk profiles of pain in persons with radiographic, symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014;22(5):622-30 doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.03.009 [published Online First]. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Treatment of melancholia with tranylcypromine
Authors: P J McGrath, F M Quitkin, W Harrison, J W Stewart
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

Nine of 12 outpatients meeting DSM-III criteria for melancholia responded to treatment with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) tranylcypromine. Responders were less depressed before treatment and after treatment than were nonresponders. MAOIs appear useful in treating endogenous depressions.