tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of CPAP modalities in lowering blood pressure in OSA: does the method used to measure blood pressure matter?
Authors: Babak Mokhlesi, Jason R Carter
Journal: Thorax (2016)

In recent years, a number of meta-analyses have consistently concluded that CPAP therapy elicits modest, yet significant, reductions in 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP).1–4 These improvements in 24-hour BP appear to be more dramatic in patients with resistant hypertension,5 and reductions in nocturnal BP tend to be more dramatic than daytime BP.1–4 There is also evidence indicating that CPAP adherence plays a critical role in the potential BP-lowering effects of CPAP therapy.6

Pepin et al 7 conducted the largest double-blind randomised-controlled trial (RCT) to date comparing the efficacy of 4 months of therapy with fixed-pressure CPAP (FP-CPAP, n=161) versus auto-adjusting CPAP (auto-CPAP, n=161) in reducing BP in patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). In an intention-to-treat analysis, there was no difference in the primary outcome of change in office systolic BP between FP-CPAP and auto-CPAP groups.

Auto-CPAP devices analyse flow and pressure signals on a breath-by-breath basis and use a variety of algorithms to adjust the delivered pressure in order to resolve detected residual obstructive events while trying to apply the lowest effective pressure. Thus far, the preponderance of data suggests that this modality is no better than FP-CPAP in improving adherence to therapy or quality of life. What remains unclear is whether the inherent fluctuations in delivered pressure by an auto-CPAP device can lead to microarousals and sleep fragmentation, ultimately leading to less effective reduction in nocturnal and daytime BP compared with FP-CPAP. Accordingly, the study by Pepin et al is important and timely, and the authors are to be commended for executing such a large and well-designed RCT to provide clinically useful information for the care of patients with OSA.

Pepin et al 7 estimated their sample size and set their a priori primary end point of office BP based on a prior smaller …
Foreword from the Editor-in-Chief
Authors: A A Palejwala, H L Smart, M Hughes
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

The year 2000 marks an important step forward for this journal, as we are moving to 12 issues a year - a tribute to the steadily increasing number of manuscripts being submitted. This fortunate situation will continue to allow selection of the best original papers and technical reports, better serving readers' interests in endoscopy both as a clinically useful method and as a topic of research.
The psychosocial adjustment of Australian Vietnam veterans
Authors: J H Streimer, J Cosstick, C Tennant
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

The authors reviewed the case records of a random sample of 126 Australian Vietnam veteran inpatients, recorded the diagnostic and background data, and made new DSM-III diagnoses. Neurotic disorders accounted for 49% of the primary or secondary diagnoses. Only 10% of the overall sample had a primary diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder but 27% of the veterans who had seen combat had a primary diagnosis of the disorder. Twenty-nine percent of the overall sample were given a primary diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence. The early developmental environment of the overall sample frequently included poor parent-child relationships, high rates of parental separation, and family histories dominated by parental alcohol abuse.
Fractured needle during endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of a pancreatic head mass
Authors: Mihai Rimbaș, Fabia Attili, Santiago Andrade Zurita, Shyam Dang, Alberto Larghi
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a safe procedure with a low complication rate [1]. To the best of our knowledge, there has only been one previous report of inadvertent fracturing of an FNA needle, which occurred during an attempted EUS-guided rendezvous for an inaccessible main pancreatic duct [2]. We present the case of a 75-year-old woman with an unresectable pancreatic head mass, who was referred to us for EUS-FNA after biliary stent placement.
Procedure for Activating Epstein-Barr Virus Early Antigen in Nonproducer Cells by 5-Iododeoxyuridine
Authors: Cedric Long, Jeffery G. Derge, Berge Hampar
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1974)

Journal Article Procedure for Activating Epstein-Barr Virus Early Antigen in Nonproducer Cells by 5-Iododeoxyuridine Get access Cedric Long, Cedric Long Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jeffery G. Derge, Jeffery G. Derge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Berge Hampar Berge Hampar Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 4, April 1974, Pages 1355–1357, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.4.1355 Published: 01 April 1974 Article history Received: 11 November 1973 Accepted: 07 January 1974 Published: 01 April 1974
Gout and diabetes mellitus.
Authors: J Lavicka, M Kucera, I Kucerová
Journal: BMJ (1966)

BREDITALOUSprofession."The report recommends that the autonomous bodies should in fact remain so, and they would submit reports to the Representative Body " for information and not normally for detailed discussion."Any member of the B.M.A. would retain the right to challenge, through his Division, the actions of an autonomous body-as of the Representative Body itself.But when the Representative Body wishes to exercise its right to disagree with an autono- mous body " it would normally refer the matter back to the autonomous body before reaching a final decision."These arrangements, backed by a reconstituted Representative Body, should go far
HG-104MRI FINDINGS OF SHORT-TERM SURVIVORS OF DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMA
Authors: Giovanna Stefania Colafati, Andrea Carai, Chiara Carducci, Antonella Cacchione, Antonio Marrazzo, Vito Andrea dell'Anna, Evelina Miele, Angela Mastronuzzi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Disparities in Adolescents’ Residence in Neighborhoods Supportive of Physical Activity — United States, 2011–2012
Authors: Kathleen B. Watson, Carmen D. Harris, Susan A. Carlson, Joan M. Dorn, Janet E. Fulton
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

In 2013, only 27% of adolescents in grades 9-12 met the current federal guideline for aerobic physical activity (at least 60 minutes of physical activity each day*), and sex and racial/ethnic disparities in meeting the guideline exist (1). The Community Preventive Services Task Force has recommended a range of community-level evidence-based approaches(†) to increase physical activity by improving neighborhood supports for physical activity.(§) To assess the characteristics of adolescents who live in neighborhoods that are supportive of physical activity, CDC analyzed data on U.S. children and adolescents aged 10-17 years (defined as adolescents for this report) from the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). Overall, 65% of U.S. adolescents live in neighborhoods supportive of physical activity, defined as neighborhoods that are perceived as safe and have sidewalks or walking paths and parks, playgrounds, or recreation centers. Adolescents who were Hispanic and non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity; who lived in lower-income households, households with less educated parents, and rural areas; or who were overweight or obese were less likely to live in neighborhoods supportive of physical activity than were white adolescents and adolescents from higher income households, with a more highly educated parent, living in urban areas, and not overweight or obese. Within demographic groups, the largest disparity in the percentage of adolescents living in these neighborhoods was observed between adolescents living in households with a family income <100% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL) (51%) and adolescents living in households with a family income ≥400% of the FPL (76%). Efforts to improve neighborhood supports, particularly in areas with a substantial percentage of low-income and minority residents, might increase physical activity among adolescents and reduce health disparities.
Hospital Prescribing of Opioids to Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Anupam B. Jena, Dana Goldman, Pinar Karaca-Mandic
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

<h3>Importance</h3> Use of opioids during and shortly after an acute hospitalization is warranted in some clinical settings. However, given the potential of opioids for short-term adverse events and long-term physiologic tolerance, it is important to understand the frequency of opioid prescribing at hospital discharge, hospital variation, and patient and hospital factors associated with opioid prescribing, which is currently unknown in the United States. <h3>Objective</h3> To estimate the frequency of opioid prescribing at hospital discharge among Medicare beneficiaries without an opioid prescription claim 60 days prior to hospitalization; to document hospital variation in prescribing; and to analyze patient and hospital factors associated with prescribing, including hospital average performance on pain-related Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) measures. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Analysis of pharmacy claims of a 20% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized in 2011 without an opioid prescription claim in the 60 days before hospitalization. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Our main outcome was a new opioid claim within 7 days of hospital discharge. We estimated a multivariable linear probability model of patient factors associated with new opioid use and described hospital variation in adjusted rates of new opioid use. In multivariable linear regression analysis, we also analyzed hospital factors associated with average adjusted new opioid use at the hospital level, including the percentage of each hospital's patients who reported that their pain during hospitalization was always well controlled in the 2011 HCAHPS surveys. <h3>Results</h3> Among 623 957 hospitalizations, 92 882 (14.9%) were associated with a new opioid claim. Among those hospitalizations with an associated opioid claim within 7 days of hospital discharge, 32 731 (42.5%) of 77 092 were associated with an opioid claim after 90 days postdischarge. Across 2512 hospitals, the average adjusted rate of new opioid use within 7 days of hospitalization was 15.1% (interquartile range, 12.3%-17.4%; interdecile range, 10.5%-20.0%). A hospital's adjusted rate of new opioid use was modestly positively associated with the percentage of its inpatients reporting that their pain was always well managed (increase from 25th to the 75th percentile in the HCAHPS measure was associated with an absolute increase in new opioid use of 0.89 percentage points or a relative increase of 6.0%;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> New opioid use after hospitalization is common among Medicare beneficiaries, with substantial variation across hospitals and a large proportion of patients using a prescription opioid 90 days after hospitalization. The degree to which observed hospital variation in short- and longer-term opioid use reflects variation in inappropriate prescribing at hospital discharge is unknown.
QOS-2710 YEARS REVIEW OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL LATE EFFECTS IN SPANISH PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL
Authors: Miguel Garcia Ariza, Nancy Portillo Najera, Usune Gonzalez Camacho, Raquel Rubio Rojas, Amaya Vela De Sojo, Itxaso Rica, Itziar Astigarraga, Aurora Navajas
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

QOS-27. 10 YEARS REVIEW OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL LATE EFFECTS IN SPANISH PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL Miguel Garcia Ariza1, Nancy Portillo Najera2, Usune Gonzalez Camacho1, Raquel Rubio Rojas1, Amaya Vela De Sojo2, Itxaso Rica2, Itziar Astigarraga1, andAuroraNavajas1; PediatricHematologyandOncologyUnit.Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario, Cruces, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Cruces, Bizkaia, Spain OBJECTIVES: Pediatric Central Nervous System (CNS) neoplasms are the most frequent solid tumors in childrenunder 15 years. Since the increase in survival, the patients are in high risk of developing long term sequelae. Considering that the endocrine ones, with awide range of clinical presentation are the second most common after the neurocognitive, we aimed to review our experience from 2005 to 2015. METHODS: An observational retrospective study including 103 pediatric patients was performed. Clinical data were collected both at diagnosis and follow-up, including anthropometric variables, treatment and endocrinological sequelae. SPSS22 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The most frequents anatomical locations were posterior fossa (48%) and midline (35%), and the histological types were astrocytomas (29%), medulloblastoma/PNET (17%) and craniopharyngiomas (7%). Global mortality was 42%. Subgroup of survivors (n 1⁄4 59): The age at diagnosis was 7.6+4.5(vs.5.8+3.6;p 1⁄4 0.036), the complete surgical resection was 67%(vs.29%;p 1⁄4 0.03), and the posterior fossa involvement was 40%(vs.60%;p 1⁄4 0.03). Survival was higher in astrocytomas and craniopharyngiomas. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were given in 39% and 29%, respectively. Permanent sequelae subgroup (n 1⁄4 17/59): The most frequent endocrine sequel was Panhypopituitarism (56%). The axes involved in descendingorder were: thyroid,GH,ACTH,ADHandFSH/LH.By tumors, craniopharyngiomas 100% presented panhypopitutarism, astrocitomas 10% panhypopituitarism, and medulloblastomas 42% TSH, 28% GH and 14% panhypopituitarism. CONCLUSIONS: In our review, permanent endocrinological deficits were mostly influenced by location and surgery in craniopharyngiomas, and by craniospinal radiotherapy given in medulloblastomas. Neuro-Oncology 18:iii145–iii158, 2016. doi:10.1093/neuonc/now081.27 #The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
EPN-01MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION OF EPENDYMOMAS IN A JAPANESE PEDIATRIC MOLECULAR NEURO-ONCOLOGY GROUP (JPMNG) SERIES
Authors: Kohei Fukuoka, Shintaro Fukushima, Satoshi Yamashita, Tomoko Shofuda, Taishi Nakamura, Kai Yamasaki, Hirokazu Takami, Yuko Matsushita, Toshikazu Ushijima, Yoshitaka Narita, Yonehiro Kanemura, Junko Hirato, Takanori Hirose, Atsushi Sasaki, Mami Yamasaki, Soichiro Shibui, Hajime Arai, Ryo Nishikawa, Koichi Ichimura
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
Addition of high-dose cytarabine to immunochemotherapy before autologous stem-cell transplantation in patients aged 65 years or younger with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL Younger): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial of the European Mantle Cell Lymphoma Network
Authors: Olivier Hermine, Eva Hoster, Jan Walewski, André Bosly, Stephan Stilgenbauer, Catherine Thieblemont, Michal Szymczyk, Reda Bouabdallah, Michael Kneba, Michael Hallek, Gilles Salles, Pierre Feugier, Vincent Ribrag, Josef Birkmann, Roswitha Forstpointner, Corinne Haioun, Mathias Hänel, René Olivier Casasnovas, Jürgen Finke, Norma Peter, Kamal Bouabdallah, Catherine Sebban, Thomas Fischer, Ulrich Dührsen, Bernd Metzner, Georg Maschmeyer, Lothar Kanz, Christian Schmidt, Richard Delarue, Nicole Brousse, Wolfram Klapper, Elizabeth Macintyre, Marie-Hélène Delfau-Larue, Christiane Pott, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Michael Unterhalt, Martin Dreyling
Journal: The Lancet (2016)
The potential for repositioning antithyroid agents as antiasthma drugs
Authors: Shoichi Suzuki, Masahiro Ogawa, Shoichiro Ohta, Kazuhiko Arima, Satoshi Nunomura, Yasuhiro Nanri, Yasutaka Mitamura, Tomohito Yoshihara, Yutaka Nakamura, Kohei Yamauchi, Kazuyuki Chibana, Yoshiki Ishii, James J. Lee, Yasuaki Aratani, Shigeru Kakuta, Sachiko Kubo, Yoichiro Iwakura, Hiroki Yoshida, Kenji Izuhara
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Case 77-1963
Authors: Allan L. Friedlich, Benjamin Castleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

Presentation of CaseA twenty-nine-year-old university instructor entered the hospital because of chest pain.Twenty months previously the patient consulted a physician because a heart murmur had been heard on a life insurance examination. No murmur had been reported on previous examinations for insurance or for Selective Service. He stated that his health had always been excellent, and there was no history of rheumatic fever, chorea, frequent epistaxis, growing pains, syphilis, cyanosis, edema, dyspnea, orthopnea or chest pain. His child had died at the age of three years as a result of a progressive muscular disorder. Physical examination revealed a . . .
Case 71-1963
Authors: George P. Baker, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

Presentation of CaseA seventy-five-year-old woman entered the hospital because of fever and headache of four days' duration.The patient had been in good general health until four days previously, when shaking chills, fever and diaphoresis developed, accompanied by generalized myalgia, occipital headache and vomiting. On the following day, while getting out of bed, she suddenly became dizzy and fell, without striking her head. A physician diagnosed the "flu" and prescribed morphine and "nerve pills." She experienced hallucinations on the next two evenings.Hysterectomy had been performed in the remote past. Thirty-five years before admission the patient had had a . . .
Docetaxel versus paclitaxel and “paclitaxel” versus paclitaxel: The optional therapy in breast cancer
Authors: G. Sulemanjee, S. Ristzert, T. L. Cao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

10758 Background: For the past fifteen years many clinical trials have demonstrated that paclitaxel therapy could generate 30% to 60% response rate in patients with breast cancer. Recent clinical trials indicated that when used as control, paclitaxel therapy only produced 20% response rate in patients with breast cancer. Methods and Results: Using Medline study, data from early clinical trials indicated that paclitaxel, as first-line or second-line therapy, could generate 30% to 60% response rate in patients with breast cancer and the response rate was dose-dependent and toxicity-limited (Seidman, 1994; Perez, 1998). Therefore, paclitaxel is considered superior to older chemotherapeutic agents in treating breast cancer. When used as control to compare with two newer agents, docetaxel and nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (“paclitaxel”), data from recent clinical trials indicated that paclitaxel therapy only produced 19% to 25% response rate in patients with breast cancer. Many questions remain because the response rate from any chemotherapeutic agent is dose-dependent and toxicity-limited. Nishimura et al (2005) recently reported that weekly placlitaxel as second-line therapy in breast cancer resulted in 41.2% response rate which is much higher than the rates from either docetaxel or “paclitaxe” therapy (33% and 32%, respectively). The cost of paclitaxel dropped from $5000 per three-week therapy when it could produce 30% to 60% response rate years ago to $300 in recent years while the other agents such as docetaxel and “paclitaxel” cost about $3000 to $5000 per therapy. Conclusion: The role of inferior control in clinical trials is no longer a puzzle. Whether the quality of the low-cost paclitaxel or other factors could alter the response rate in clinical trials requires future research. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in US Men and Women: Results from Three Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Ambika Satija, Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju, Eric B. Rimm, Donna Spiegelman, Stephanie E. Chiuve, Lea Borgi, Walter C. Willett, JoAnn E. Manson, Qi Sun, Frank B. Hu
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2016)

Background Plant-based diets have been recommended to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, not all plant foods are necessarily beneficial. We examined the association of an overall plant-based diet and hypothesized healthful and unhealthful versions of a plant-based diet with T2D incidence in three prospective cohort studies in the US. Methods and Findings We included 69,949 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1984–2012), 90,239 women from the Nurses' Health Study 2 (1991–2011), and 40,539 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986–2010), free of chronic diseases at baseline. Dietary data were collected every 2–4 y using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Using these data, we created an overall plant-based diet index (PDI), where plant foods received positive scores, while animal foods (animal fats, dairy, eggs, fish/seafood, poultry/red meat, miscellaneous animal-based foods) received reverse scores. We also created a healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), where healthy plant foods (whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, vegetable oils, tea/coffee) received positive scores, while less healthy plant foods (fruit juices, sweetened beverages, refined grains, potatoes, sweets/desserts) and animal foods received reverse scores. Lastly, we created an unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI) by assigning positive scores to less healthy plant foods and reverse scores to healthy plant foods and animal foods. We documented 16,162 incident T2D cases during 4,102,369 person-years of follow-up. In pooled multivariable-adjusted analysis, both PDI and hPDI were inversely associated with T2D (PDI: hazard ratio [HR] for extreme deciles 0.51, 95% CI 0.47–0.55, p trend < 0.001; hPDI: HR for extreme deciles 0.55, 95% CI 0.51–0.59, p trend < 0.001). The association of T2D with PDI was considerably attenuated when we additionally adjusted for body mass index (BMI) categories (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.74–0.87, p trend < 0.001), while that with hPDI remained largely unchanged (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.61–0.72, p trend < 0.001). uPDI was positively associated with T2D even after BMI adjustment (HR for extreme deciles 1.16, 95% CI 1.08–1.25, p trend < 0.001). Limitations of the study include self-reported diet assessment, with the possibility of measurement error, and the potential for residual or unmeasured confounding given the observational nature of the study design. Conclusions Our study suggests that plant-based diets, especially when rich in high-quality plant foods, are associated with substantially lower risk of developing T2D. This supports current recommendations to shift to diets rich in healthy plant foods, with lower intake of less healthy plant and animal foods.
Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for HIV-related lymphoma: results of the BMT CTN 0803/AMC 071 trial
Authors: Joseph C. Alvarnas, Jennifer Le Rademacher, Yanli Wang, Richard F. Little, Gorgun Akpek, Ernesto Ayala, Steven Devine, Robert Baiocchi, Gerard Lozanski, Lawrence Kaplan, Ariela Noy, Uday Popat, Jack Hsu, Lawrence E. Morris, Jason Thompson, Mary M. Horowitz, Adam Mendizabal, Alexandra Levine, Amrita Krishnan, Stephen J. Forman, Willis H. Navarro, Richard Ambinder
Journal: Blood (2016)
Psychologic and Social Precursors of Coronary Disease
Authors: C. David Jenkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

"Ischaemic heart disease, or coronary heart disease, has reached enormous proportions, striking more and more at younger subjects. It will result in coming years in the greatest epidemic mankind has faced unless we are able to reverse the trend by concentrated research into its cause and prevention."1"We are again in the age of the great pandemics. Our plague is cardiovascular."2THESE words express the gravity of the current epidemic of coronary disease in many economically advanced countries. Felton and Cole estimate that all cardiovascular diseases accounted for 12 per cent of the time lost by . . .