tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SP0118 Viable joint resident microbes as drivers of arthritis
Authors: J. Carter
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

The etiologic role that bacteria play in the genesis of arthritis is most clearly defined in reactive arthritis. Tremendous recent insights into the pathophysiology of reactive arthritis have been made demonstrating that the causative bacteria play a much more complex role than previously thought. The bacteria that are proven to cause reactive arthritis, one of the five types of spondyloarthritis, will be reviewed and their role in the pathophysiology of reactive arthritis will be examined. Important differences in the pathophysiology of post-chlamydial reactive arthritis compared to the post-enteric variety exist, namely synovial based chlamydiae are viable, whereas the post-enteric organisms, in general, are not. However the phenotypic features are the same. However, similar studies have also demonstrated synovial based bacteria in some patients with osteoarthritis and rarely even in normal controls. The potential role that these synovial based bacteria play in disease maintenance and the potential eradication of these synovial based organsims will be discussed. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Protection against Japanese Encephalitis by Inactivated Vaccines
Authors: Charles H. Hoke, Ananda Nisalak, Nadhirat Sangawhipa, Sujarti Jatanasen, Thanom Laorakapongse, Bruce L. Innis, Sa-ong Kotchasenee, John B. Gingrich, John Latendresse, Konosuke Fukai, Donald S. Burke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Encephalitis caused by Japanese encephalitis virus occurs in annual epidemics throughout Asia, making it the principal cause of epidemic viral encephalitis in the world. No currently available vaccine has demonstrated efficacy in preventing this disease in a controlled trial. We performed a placebo-controlled, blinded, randomized trial in a northern Thai province, with two doses of monovalent (Nakayama strain) or bivalent (Nakayama plus Beijing strains) inactivated, purified Japanese encephalitis vaccine made from whole virus derived from mouse brain. We examined the effect of these vaccines on the incidence and severity of Japanese encephalitis and dengue hemorrhagic fever, a disease caused by a closely related flavivirus. Between November 1984 and March 1985, 65,224 children received two doses of monovalent Japanese encephalitis vaccine (n = 21,628), bivalent Japanese encephalitis vaccine (n = 22,080), or tetanus toxoid placebo (n = 21,516), with only minor side effects. The cumulative attack rate for encephalitis due to Japanese encephalitis virus was 51 per 100,000 in the placebo group and 5 per 100,000 in each vaccine group. The efficacy in both vaccine groups combined was 91 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 70 to 97 percent). Attack rates for dengue hemorrhagic fever declined, but not significantly. The severity of cases of dengue was also reduced. We conclude that two doses of inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine, either monovalent or bivalent, protect against encephalitis due to Japanese encephalitis virus and may have a limited beneficial effect on the severity of dengue hemorrhagic fever. (N Engl J Med 1988; 319:608–14.)
Diabetic Foot Care: Financial Implications and Practice Guidelines
Authors: Gayle E Reiber
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Foot problems are common in the 12 million diagnosed and undiagnosed United States diabetic subjects, and result in extensive hospitalization, disfiguring surgery, lifetime disability, and a diminished quality of life. The unequivocal nature of a lower-extremity amputation makes this the best-defined and monitored of the diabetic foot problems. United States hospital discharge data from 1980 to 1987 indicated that amputation rates increased with advancing age, and were higher in blacks than whites, and men than women. Foot pathology has been reported as the most common complication of diabetes leading to hospitalization. Economic considerations extend beyond direct cost estimates based on numbers of affected individuals, and the cost and duration of patient care. Indirect cost estimates describing lost economic productivity because of related illness, disability, and premature death are needed. Multidisciplinary team approaches to diabetic foot care have reported statistically significant pre-post program reductions in morbidity and cost. Regardless of the care setting and the availability of foot care teams, diabetic foot care guidelines should be viewed by providers as recommended minimum practice levels to be adapted according to the patient's pathology, comorbidity, and abilities. Although guidelines specify minimum acceptable practice levels, they are not intended to set a ceiling on professional excellence.
IV Leiomyomatosis on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Xiaona Jin, Fang Li, Zhaohui Lu, Wuying Cheng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

A 48-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of right lower extremity edema. Clinical examination only showed right lower limb swelling. Routine laboratory examination revealed no abnormal results. Abdominal ultrasonography identified uterine leiomyoma and soft tissue masses. An abdominal CT demonstrated a continuous mass extending from the right internal and external iliac vein into the common iliac vein and inferior vena cava. To distinguish the mass from malignancy, the patient underwent PET/CT scan which showed increased FDG activity in the mass. However, histopathological examination proved the mass to be IV leiomyomatosis.
Abstract P5-03-03: DNA Methylation of the Estrogen Receptor (alpha) Promoter Is Higher in Triple Negative Breast Cancers Compared to the ER Negative Sub-Type
Authors: JS Prabhu, K Wahi, M Correa, S Manjunath, RN Rao, SB Shastry, SS. Tirumalai
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The incidence of Estrogen Receptor alpha (ER) negative breast cancer and triple negative cases in India is twice that of Western Caucasians. The underlying causes for this two fold difference are unclear. DNA methylation of the ER promoter is one of the mechanisms of gene silencing. Recent data from the West indicate that the ER promoter is weakly methylated in a majority of patients independent of ER status. Data from an Indian cohort found 66% of ER negative breast tumors to be methylated at the ER gene. However, the technique used, Methylation specific PCR (MSP) suffers from a number of disadvantages such as false priming and low specificity. We have checked the methylation status of ER promoter A by a quantitative method and correlated it with clinicopathological parameters such as ER, progesterone receptor (PR) and Her2 protein status. Materials and Methods: Tumor sections from 51 cases of primary invasive carcinomas were used for DNA extraction and bisulphite conversion. We adopted a quantitative method, Methylight assay for estimating the methylation status of the ER gene. Percentage Methylation Ratio (PMR) was computed and graded according to previously published standards. Methylation specific PCR was done for all these samples for comparison. Grade and Lymph node (LN) status were assessed. Immunohistochemistry was done to examine the status of ER, PR and Her2 protein. Results: 16.6% of the ER negative tumors were moderately methylated (PMR score 5-50) at the ER promoter while none of the ER positive tumors were methylated to the same extent. Among the Triple Negative (TN) tumors in our cohort, 25% were moderately methylated. MSP tends to overestimate the methylated tumors and indicated that 43.5% of the ER negative tumors and19.2% of ER positive tumors were methylated. Discussion: A subgroup of ER negative and triple negative Indian patients have enhanced methylation of the ER gene. However this does not account for the doubling of ER negative incidence. Our demographics of a large pre-menopausal population might explain some part of this increase. Methylation of ER promoter was highest in TN tumors. This finding hints towards epigenetic dysregulation being a trait of TN tumors. The possibility of reversing the ER status from negative to positive in the clinic has raised an interest in the mechanism by which ER is lost. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-03-03.
Asymptomatic Rib Cavernous Hemangioma
Authors: Qiang Jia, Zhaowei Meng, Qinghua Zhou, Dong Li, Yujie Zhang, Jian Tan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Rib hemangioma is distinctly uncommon. We report such an unusual entity in a case of a middle-aged Chinese woman, who presented with a painless mass on her back. CT revealed an expansile lesion with bone destruction and irregular trabeculation on the right ninth rib. Whole-body bone scan demonstrated markedly high tracer uptake in the lesion without other abnormalities. After en bloc resection, histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of rib hemangioma. This report adds to the literature on this rare disease, and emphasizes that when whole-body bone scan displayed solitary uptake in the rib lesion, rib hemangioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis, principally in asymptomatic patients.
PMO-075 30-Day mortality risk factors for percutaneous endoscopic and radiologically-inserted gastrostomy
Authors: F M Laskaratos, M Walker, V Wojciechowska, A Jenkins
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Gastrostomy insertion is of benefit in selected patients,<sup>1</sup> but 30-day mortality is as high as 54% in some patient groups.<sup>2</sup> Risk factors associated with early mortality include advanced dementia, age &gt; 75 years, serum albumin &lt;30 g/l, C-reactive protein &gt;10 mg/l, cardiovascular and respiratory comorbidities.<sup>3 4</sup> The Sheffield scoring system has been developed to identify patients at risk of early death.<sup>5</sup> The current study examines risk factors associated with 30-day mortality in a cohort of patients who underwent percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) or radiologically-inserted gastrostomy (RIG) in a district general hospital over a 12-month period. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective review was made of case notes of all patients who underwent a PEG (n=26) or RIG (n=16) insertion in the period July 2010–July 2011. PEG/RIG re-insertions were excluded. Demographic, clinical and biochemical data were analysed. <h3>Results</h3> The main indications for a PEG/RIG insertion were cerebrovascular accident (n=14), chronic neuromuscular disease (n=10), oropharyngeal malignancy (n=8), intracerebral pathology other than stroke (n=6), cognitive impairment (n=2), ICU neuropathy (n=1) and somatisation disorder (n=1). The overall 30-day mortality was 7/42 (16.7%). The main risk factors associated with 30-day mortality were age &gt; 75 years (p&lt;0.05) and cardiovascular co-morbidities (p&lt;0.01). The serum albumin, C-reactive protein and respiratory comorbidities were not associated with early mortality. There was no correlation between 30-day mortality and Sheffield score. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In keeping with other studies, age &gt; 75 years and cardiovascular co-morbidities were associated with 30-day mortality after gastrostomy insertion. However, other previously identified risk factors did not correlate with early mortality in this group of patients. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>References</h3> 1. <b>Westaby D</b>, <i>et al.</i> The provision of a percutaneously placed enteral tube feeding service. <i>Gut</i> 2010;<b>59</b>:1592–605. 2. <b>Sanders D</b>, <i>et al.</i> Survival analysis in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding: a worse outcome in patients with dementia. <i>Am J Gastroenterol</i> 2000;<b>95</b>:1472–5. 3. <b>Janes S</b>, <i>et al.</i> Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: 30-day mortality trends and risk factors. <i>J Postgrad Med</i> 2005;<b>51</b>:23–8. 4. <b>Blomberg J</b>. Albumin and C-reactive protein levels predict short-term mortality after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in a prospective cohort study. <i>Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</i> 2011;<b>73</b>:29–36. 5. <b>Leeds J</b>. Albumin level and patient age predict outcomes in patients referred for gastrostomy insertion: internal and external validation of a gastrostomy score and comparison with artificial neural networks. <i>Gastrointestinal Endoscopy</i> 2011;<b>74</b>:1033–9.
A6.23 Immunological properties of synovial fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cell-like cells in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Z Vereb, A Vancsa, M Pilling, E Rajnavolgyi, G Petrovski, Z Szekanecz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are the stromal cells of bone marrow, but they can also be found in other tissues including the synovia. Our goal was to isolate and cultivate human synovial fluid-derived MSC-like cells (SYF-MSC) and study their role in immunity and angiogenesis with relevance to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Synovial fluid was harvested from patients with active RA (according to the Guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration). The isolated fluid/cells were cultured <i>in vitro</i>, and the expression of well-known MSC, hematopoietic, endothelial markers as well as high-end glycosylation products were measured by flow cytometry. <i>In vitro</i> differentiation assays were used to determine the stemness of SYF-MSCs. The immunosuppressive function of these cells was studied by mitogen-activated lymphocyte reaction, and their immunophenotype was investigated by cell activation with TLR ligands and pro-inflammatory cytokines; the secreted cytokines were measured by ELISA. <h3>Results</h3> The cells isolated from synovial fluid of patients with RA grew as monolayers <i>in vitro</i> and could be maintained in culture for more than 10 passages. The cells expressed the most important MSC markers (CD44, CD73, CD90 and CD105) with absence of endothelial (CD31, VEGFR2) or hematopoietic cell markers (CD34, CD45, CD69, CD133), respectively. SYF-MSCs were able to differentiate into bone, fat and cartilage tissue <i>in vitro</i> fulfilling the ISCT criteria, and could suppress the proliferation of mitogen activated peripheral blood lymphocytes. Furthermore, SYF-MSCs secreted increased amount of IL-6 after 12 and 24 h treatment by LPS (15423.61 + 9348.61 pg/ml at 12 h; 17479.17 + 3848.63 pg/ml at 24 h time points), Poly:IC (15215.28 + 10834.72 and 24090.28 + 3626.40 pg/ml), TNFα (7437.5 + 1168.06 and 11562.5 + 845.83 pg/ml) and IL-1β (19465.28 + 2306.94 and 21229.17 + 12.5 pg/ml) compared to untreated controls (1590.28 + 1015.28 and 2187.50 + 640.28 pg/ml), respectively. IL-8 could be detected in the supernatants of SYF-MSC only upon LPS (10876.76 + 7553.24 and 12117.94 + 2912.06 pg/ml), Poly:IC (8972.35 + 8707.65 and 30567.94 + 3637.94 pg/ml) TNFα (5516.47 + 1336.47 and 110325.29 + 5645.29 pg/ml) and IL-1β (18063.53 + 3083.53 and 24970.88 + 9940.88 pg/ml) treatment, but not in the untreated controls. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The <i>in vitro</i> data suggest that SYF-MSC may play a role in the inflammatory processes of RA, and their activation could lead to the release of pro-angiogenic cytokines as well.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRENATAL OBSTETRICAL SCREENING HAVE DRAMATICALLY ENHANCED DETECTION RATES OF FETAL D-TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT ARTERIES IN THE PROVINCE OF ALBERTA
Authors: Prasad Ravi, Deborah Fruitman, Timothy Colen, Lindsay Mills, Nee Scze Khoo, Lisa Hornberger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2016)
PREDICTIVE VALUE OF HIGH-SENSITIVITY CARDIAC TROPONIN T, TROPONIN I, NT-PROBNP AND HIGH- SENSITIVITY CRP IN THE DETECTION OF MYOCARDIAL INJURY FOLLOWING ANTHRACYCLINE-BASED CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: Shawn C. Pun, Anh Nguyen, Steven Ades, John Storring, Hings Ingrid, Michael Sebag, Thao Huynh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
PREVALENCE OF CLINICALLY APPARENT HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY IN 32 PATIENTS WITH THE GLA A143T MUTATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR GENETIC SCREENING FOR FABRY DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Christopher Cook, Eric Farber-Eger, Thomas Wang, Quinn Wells
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Evaluation à long terme des signes écho-endoscopiques de pancréatite chronique débutante
Authors: L Heyries, M Barthet, L Buscail, J Escourrou, J Sahel
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Le diagnostic précoce de la pancréatite chronique calcifiante (PCC) reste difficile. Le but de notre étude était d'évaluer à long terme la valeur diagnostique des signes échoendoscopiques (EUS) de PCC débutante.
Silicone Granuloma in the Buttocks Incidentally Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT 30 Years After Free Liquid Silicone Injections
Authors: Jessica Ohnona, Pauline Durand, Jean-Louis Amegnizin, Khaldoun Kerrou
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

A 59-year-old transexual (male to female) patient presented with a squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. She underwent an F-FDG PET/CT for initial staging. The examination showed high F-FDG uptake of the primary lesion and a homolateral lymphadenopathy. Incidental heterogeneous uptake of round hyperdense lesions in the gluteal muscles and subcutaneous fat was visualized. The medical history revealed secondly that the patient had had free liquid silicone injections 30 years before the examination. Although the injection of free silicone is not practised since the 1980s, this incidental finding should prompt to check the patient's medical history over several decades.
Physiologic Abnormalities of Salicylate Intoxication
Authors: William E. Segar, Malcolm A. Holliday
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THE following report consists of observations on the physiologic abnormalities produced by salicylate intoxication in a series of 49 infants and children. It presents a summary of the specific physiologic changes illustrated in this clinical experience and examines some of the factors important to the development of these dysfunctions.The clinical manifestations to be discussed in terms of altered physiology include hyperpyrexia, transient hyperglycemia, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, dehydration and hypernatremia. Reference is made to work that elucidates the mechanisms leading to the observed disorders, and our clinical experience is described within this context.Case MaterialForty-nine children were seen . . .
Abstract 963: Epigenetic silencing of cancer-specific methylation may converge on therapeutic targets on human cancers
Authors: Keishi Yamashita, Myoung Sook Kim, Akira Ooki, Hiroshi Kato, Mina Waraya, Hiroshi Kawamata, Masahiko Watanabe, David Sidransky
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract (Background) We have identified numerous candidate tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) which are inactivated by cancer-specific CpG island methylation. We reviewed differential patterns of cancer-specific methylation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, and colorectal adenocarcinoma. (Matherials and Methods) A modified pharmacological unmasking microarray in combination with tissue expression patterns identified novel cancer-specific methylation in each organ site, and we tabulated methylation frequency for each type of cancer. (Results) (1) In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, we discovered cancer-specific methylation for NEFH (84%), NMDAR2B (78%), DCC (74%), cyclin A1 (60%), CRBP1 (52%), HOPX (50%), trypsinogen-4 (50%), and PGP9.5 (42%). (2) In gastric adenocarcinoma, we validated cancer-specific methylation for HOPX (87%), Reprimo (78%), PGP9.5 (70%), NMDAR2B (70%), and RIZ1 (40%). (3) In colorectal adenocarcinoma, we identified cancer-specific methylation for Beta 4 GalT1 (82%), Oncostatin MR (80%), DFNA5 (65%), LIFR (65%), and HOPX (52%). (4) From our estimates, about 300 genes were frequently methylated specifically in cancer tissues, and among them, and around 70% of these genes were upstream or downstream of the p53 pathway (NMDAR2AB, DCC, cyclin A1, PGP9.5, HOPX, Reprimo, DFNA5). Apoptotic pathways other than those in the p53 pathway, including death receptor signaling was also observed. Another 30% of methylated genes antagonize unique oncogenic pathways in individual cancers. Either NEFH or HOPX was involved in inactivation of pAkt through an unknown mechanism or PTEN induction in ESCC. RIZ1 uniquely inactivated in gastric cancer, is an inhibitor of the IGF receptor pathway. Oncostatin M R or LIFR in CRC are inhibitors of pStat3. All inactivated TSG candidates were demonstrated to be robustly reactivated by de-methylating agents. (Conclusion) In GI cancers, numerous genes involved in p53 activation are commonly suppressed in expression, and epigenetic reversion of p53 activity may be beneficial for killing cancer cells more efficiently. Moreover, unique oncogenic inhibitors will need to be developed for specific targets in similar but related pathways for varied organ sites. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 963. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-963
THU0017 Cognitive Dysfunction in Active and Remitted Egyptian Non-Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
Authors: N.O. El-Azizi, E.M. Shorub, M. Sabry, A.S. Shalash
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Few studies reported mild cognitive deficits in patients with Non-Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Non-NPSLE) with no consistent pattern of cognitive deficits with suggest of the presence of a subtle CNS disorder <sup>1,2,3</sup>. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the pattern of the cognitive dysfunction in Egyptian patients Non-NPSLE in both active and remission states by applying a battery of neuropsychological tests. <h3>Methods</h3> Fifty patients with Non-NPSLE (25 patients in activity and 25 in remissions) were evaluated for cognitive dysfunction and compared with 25 healthy controls matched for age, sex and education. The activity of SLE disease was assessed. Each subject was subjected clinical (general, neurological and psychiatric) assessment, laboratory evaluation and battery of neuropsychological tests for assessing the cognitive functions including, the Wechsler adults Intelligence Scale (WAIS) to measure intellectual performance, the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) to measure different memory functions, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to measure of executive function, Trail Making test (TMT) for testing visual attention, psychomotor speed and task switching. <h3>Results</h3> Compared to controls, Non-NPSLE patients in remission had worse cognitive domains of working memory, visual-constructional abilities and executive function (<i>p</i>&lt;0.005). The active group showed poorer performance in specific areas of cognitive function than the remission group at the time of testing including, working, short and recent memory (<i>p</i>=0.000), logical reasoning, perception, sustained attention (<i>p</i>=0.003), visuo-constructional abilities (<i>p</i>=0.001) and executive function <i>(p&lt;0.001).</i> Furthermore, cognitive impairment was significantly correlated with disease activity measured by SLAM score. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Patients with non-NPSLE suffered from dysfunction of multiple cognitive domains that could be detected by neuropsychological tests. Moreover, cognitive dysfunctions worsen and expand in patients with active disease and are dependent mainly on disease activity. <h3>References</h3> Hanly JG, Fisk JD, Sherwood G, et al., (1992): Cognitive impairment in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Rheumatol; 19: 562-7. Carlomagno S, Migliaresi S, Ambrosone L, et al., (2000): Cognitive impairment in systemic lupus Erythematosus: a follow-up study. J Neurology; 247: 273-9. Monastero R, Bettini P, Del Zotto E, et al., (2001): Prevalence and pattern of cognitive impairment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients with and without overt neuropsychiatric manifestations. J Neurol Sci; 184: 33-9. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> : None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1317