tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of the Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in the treatment of vasculopathy associated with TMEM173 -activating mutations in 3 children
Authors: Marie-Louise Frémond, Mathieu Paul Rodero, Nadia Jeremiah, Alexandre Belot, Eric Jeziorski, Darragh Duffy, Didier Bessis, Guilhem Cros, Gillian I. Rice, Bruno Charbit, Anne Hulin, Nihel Khoudour, Consuelo Modesto Caballero, Christine Bodemer, Monique Fabre, Laureline Berteloot, Muriel Le Bourgeois, Philippe Reix, Thierry Walzer, Despina Moshous, Stéphane Blanche, Alain Fischer, Brigitte Bader-Meunier, Fréderic Rieux-Laucat, Yanick Joseph Crow, Bénédicte Neven
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)
Combined inhibition of mTOR and EGFR with everolimus (RAD001) and gefitinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who have smoked cigarettes: A phase II trial
Authors: M. G. Kris, G. J. Riely, C. G. Azzoli, R. T. Heelan, L. M. Krug, W. Pao, D. T. Milton, E. Moore, N. A. Rizvi, V. A. Miller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

7575 Background: Most non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are primarily resistant to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib. One strategy to overcome resistance is to block parallel or downstream effectors that maintain tumor growth and proliferation. Preclinical data supports this hypothesis as inhibition of the PIK3CA/Akt/mTOR pathway restores gefitinib sensitivity in resistant cells. In a phase I study, gefitinib (250 mg) and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus (5 mg) were safely administered orally once-a-day (Milton Proc ASCO 2005). This combination induced regressions in patients with NSCLC. To assess the efficacy of this regimen, we designed this phase II trial. Methods: Two cohorts of patients with measurable stage IIIB/IV NSCLC were entered: (1) untreated with chemotherapy and (2) previously treated with cisplatin or carboplatin and docetaxel. A Simon two-stage design proposed to enroll up to 31 patients in each cohort. Response was assessed after 1 month then every 2 months. Pretreatment tumor specimens were collected on all patients. Results: To date, 25 patients have entered, 11 untreated and 14 previously treated. The median age was 66 years and KPS 80%. 52% were women, 68% had adenocarcinoma, and all were current (n=1) or former smokers. Partial responses (RECIST) have been observed in 4 of 23 evaluable patients (17%, 95% CI 5 to 39%) One of these 4 tumors harbored a KRAS mutation and one an EGFR exon 19 deletion. Responses lasted 3, 4, 9+, and 16+ months. Responses were observed in 2 of 13 untreated and 2 of 10 previously treated individuals. Toxicities: Grade 2/3 diarrhea in 13%, Grade 2 pustular rash in 25%, and Grade 2 mucosal ulcerations in 38%. 8% had dose reductions. There were no Grade 4 toxicities or treatment-related deaths. Conclusions: The combination of everolimus and gefitinib produced a 17% partial response rate in smokers with NSCLC, a group less likely to benefit from gefitinib. Enough responses have been seen in both untreated and previously treated cohorts to complete enrollment according to the two stage design of this trial. We plan to correlate outcomes with the molecular profile of tumors. Supported by Novartis, USA No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Margaret McCartney: General practice is going the way of NHS dentistry
Authors: Margaret McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2016)

General practice is quietly going the way of UK dentistry. This will widen health inequalities, decrease doctors’ job satisfaction, and do nothing to fix problems in general practice.

In 2006 the NHS dental contract was changed to fulfil “activity targets,” with banded rates, for “units of dental activity.” This has been deeply unpopular. Dentists who exceed the limit are not paid extra, and very different treatments—such as extraction and root canal filling—attract the same pay. Newspapers have reported patients being offered expensive private work for treatments available on the NHS.1 High street dentists offer cosmetic treatments, …
Deficient Mismatch Repair (DMMR) and Braf Mutation (MT) Status in Patients (PTS) With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (MCRC): A Meta-Analysis of the Cairo, CAIRO2, Coin and Focus Studies
Authors: S. Venderbosch, T. De Haan, D.A.M. Heideman, T.S. Maughan, C.G. Smith, P. Quirke, S.D. Richman, I.D. Nagtegaal, C.J.A. Punt, M. Koopman
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
The Characteristics of Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasms Presenting Leukemia Dissemination, Diagnosed By Nation-Wide Immunophenotyping for Pediatric Hematological Malignancy in Japan
Authors: Takao Deguchi, Nobutaka Kiyokawa, Yoshiko Hashii, Akiko M. Saito, Atsushi Manabe, Keizo Horibe, Yoshihiro Komada
Journal: Blood (2015)
Functional similarity and human pharmacokinetic (PK) equivalence of ABP 215 and bevacizumab.
Authors: Richard Markus, Teresa Born, Vincent Chow, Nan Zhang, Quyen Huynh, Gwen Maher, Monique Howard, Primal Kaur
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e14659 Background: ABP 215 is a biosimilar candidate to bevacizumab (BEV), a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds and inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Biosimilar mAbs are likely to have differences in product quality attributes due to different expression systems, bioprocess, and purification. Demonstration of analytical, pharmacologic, and PK equivalence is the foundation for biosimilarity, followed by confirmatory clinical equivalence study. Objectives: To assess functional similarity and PK equivalence between ABP 215 and BEV from EU and US. Methods: Pharmacologic testing included binding to VEGF and VEGF isoforms by surface plasmon resonance and to FcRn and FcγRIIIa. Inhibition of proliferation and VEGFR2 autophosphorylation were compared in endothelial cells. PK equivalence was evaluated in a randomized, single-dose, 3-arm study in healthy adult men. Primary endpoints were area under the serum concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUCinf) and maximum observed serum concentration (Cmax). Secondary endpoints included safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity. Results: VEGF binding affinity was similar for the molecules: ABP 215, 117 pM; BEV (US), 126 pM; and BEV (EU), 112 pM; as were VEGF165 and VEGF121 binding. FcRn binding affinity was similar: ABP 215, 95%–102%; BEV (US), 96%–111%; and BEV (EU), 114%–127%; as was FcγRIIIa binding: ABP 215, 108%–115%; BEV (US), 85%–93%; and BEV (EU), 100%–105%. Proliferation inhibition potency was also similar: ABP 215, 91%–97%; BEV (US), 91%–96%; and BEV (EU), 91%–92%; as was autophosphorylation inhibition. PK equivalence of ABP 215 with BEV (US) and BEV (EU), and between BEV (US) and BEV (EU) was demonstrated; 90% CIs of the geometric mean (GM) ratio for Cmax and AUCinf were within prespecified equivalence criteria of 0.80–1.25. After a single dose, the GM of Cmax and AUCinfwere: ABP 215, 87.2 µg/mL and 29400 µg·h/mL; BEV (US), 89.1 µg/mL and 29600 µg·h/mL; BEV (EU), 84.7 µg/mL and 30600 µg·h/mL. Treatment-related AEs were: ABP 215, 22.1%; BEV (US) 16.4%, and BEV (EU), 22.4%; no subjects developed anti-drug antibodies. Conclusions: ABP 215 is highly similar to BEV in sensitive functional tests and demonstrated PK equivalence in this phase 1 PK study.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes Stimulate Cycling Quiescence and Early Breast Cancer Dormancy in Bone Marrow
Authors: Sarah A. Bliss, Garima Sinha, Oleta A. Sandiford, Lisa M. Williams, Daniel J. Engelberth, Khadidiatou Guiro, Leidy L. Isenalumhe, Steven J. Greco, Seda Ayer, Margarette Bryan, Rakesh Kumar, Nicholas M. Ponzio, Pranela Rameshwar
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Dormant breast cancers resurge as metastatic disease after a long dormancy period in the bone marrow, where cancer cells interact with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). However, the nature of early interactions between breast cancer cells and MSCs in the bone marrow microenvironment that facilitate adaptation to a quiescent state remains poorly understood. Here, we report that breast cancer cells prime MSC to release exosomes containing distinct miRNA contents, such as miR-222/223, which in turn promotes quiescence in a subset of cancer cells and confers drug resistance. Building on these results, we developed a novel, nontoxic therapeutic strategy to target dormant breast cancer cells based on systemic administration of MSC loaded with antagomiR-222/223. In an immunodeficient mouse model of dormant breast cancer, this therapy sensitized breast cancer cells to carboplatin-based therapy and increased host survival. Overall, our findings illuminate the nature of the regulatory interactions between breast cancer cells and MSCs in the evolution of tumor dormancy and resurgence in the micrometastatic microenvironment of the bone marrow. Cancer Res; 76(19); 5832-44. ©2016 AACR.
Review: inhaled anticholinergics increase risk of major cardiovascular events in COPD
Authors: Singh S, 罗勤, 何建国
Journal: BMJ (2009)

QUESTION In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), do inhaled anticholinergics increase risk of major cardiovascular events? REVIEW SCOPE Included studies compared an inhaled anticholinergic with placebo or active drugs in patients with COPD and reported serious cardiovascular adverse events. Outcomes were a composite cardiovascular end point (non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke [including transient ischaemic attack], or cardiovascular death [including sudden death]), its
Re
Authors: Filippo Lococo, Vittoria Rufini, Giorgio Treglia
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2016)

Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy. [email protected] Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.
Disulfide HMGB1 derived from platelets coordinates venous thrombosis in mice
Authors: Konstantin Stark, Vanessa Philippi, Sven Stockhausen, Johanna Busse, Antonella Antonelli, Meike Miller, Irene Schubert, Parandis Hoseinpour, Sue Chandraratne, Marie-Luise von Brühl, Florian Gaertner, Michael Lorenz, Alessandra Agresti, Raffaele Coletti, Daniel J. Antoine, Ralf Heermann, Kirsten Jung, Sven Reese, Iina Laitinen, Markus Schwaiger, Axel Walch, Markus Sperandio, Peter P. Nawroth, Christoph Reinhardt, Sven Jäckel, Marco E. Bianchi, Steffen Massberg
Journal: Blood (2016)
Response by van der Bruggen et al to Letter Regarding Article, “Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type 2 Mutation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A View on the Right Ventricle”
Authors: Cathelijne E. van der Bruggen, Chris M. Happé, Marie-José Goumans, Harm Jan Bogaard, Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, Frances S. de Man
Journal: Circulation (2016)
Myths Surrounding Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Jon C. Gould
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Aberration Of SF3B1 Results In Deregulated Splicing Of Key Genes and Pathways In Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Hamid Dolatshad, Marta Fernandez-Mercado, Bon Ham Yip, Chris J Smith, Martin Attwood, Cristina Di Genua, Natasha Sahgal, Bartlomiej P Przychodzen, Elli Papaemmanuil, Alexander A Kanapin, Helen Lockstone, Peter J. Campbell, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski, Andrea Pellagatti, Jacqueline Boultwood
Journal: Blood (2013)
PD-1 Blockade with the Monoclonal Antibody Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Patients with Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma after Brentuximab Vedotin Failure: Preliminary Results from a Phase 1b Study (KEYNOTE-013)
Authors: Craig H. Moskowitz, Vincent Ribrag, Jean-Marie Michot, Giovanni Martinelli, Pier Luigi Zinzani, Martin Gutierrez, Guadalupe De Maeyer, Alexandra G. Jacob, Karen Giallella, Jennifer Weimer Anderson, Martha Derosier, Joy Wang, Zijiang Yang, Eric Rubin, Shelonitda Rose, Margaret A. Shipp, Philippe Armand
Journal: Blood (2014)
Restricting volumes of resuscitation fluid in adults with septic shock after initial management: the CLASSIC randomised, parallel-group, multicentre feasibility trial
Authors: Peter B. Hjortrup, Nicolai Haase, Helle Bundgaard, Simon L. Thomsen, Robert Winding, Ville Pettilä, Anne Aaen, David Lodahl, Rasmus E. Berthelsen, Henrik Christensen, Martin B. Madsen, Per Winkel, Jørn Wetterslev, Anders Perner
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2016)
Impaired Planar Germ Cell Division in the Testis, Caused by Dissociation of RHAMM from the Spindle, Results in Hypofertility and Seminoma
Authors: Huaibiao Li, Lucien Frappart, Jürgen Moll, Anne Winkler, Torsten Kroll, Jana Hamann, Iris Kufferath, Marco Groth, Stefan Taudien, Moritz Schütte, Marie-Laure Yaspo, Heike Heuer, Bodo M.H. Lange, Matthias Platzer, Kurt Zatloukal, Peter Herrlich, Aspasia Ploubidou
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Hypofertility is a risk factor for the development of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT), but the initiating event linking these pathologies is unknown. We hypothesized that excessive planar division of undifferentiated germ cells promotes their self-renewal and TGCT development. However, our results obtained from mouse models and seminoma patients demonstrated the opposite. Defective planar divisions of undifferentiated germ cells caused their premature exit from the seminiferous tubule niche, resulting in germ cell depletion, hypofertility, intratubular germ cell neoplasias, and seminoma development. Oriented divisions of germ cells, which determine their fate, were regulated by spindle-associated RHAMM-a function we found to be abolished in 96% of human seminomas. Mechanistically, RHAMM expression is regulated by the testis-specific polyadenylation protein CFIm25, which is downregulated in the human seminomas. These results suggested that spindle misorientation is oncogenic, not by promoting self-renewing germ cell divisions within the niche, but by prematurely displacing proliferating cells from their normal epithelial milieu. Furthermore, they suggested RHAMM loss-of-function and spindle misorientation as an initiating event underlying both hypofertility and TGCT initiation. These findings identify spindle-associated RHAMM as an intrinsic regulator of male germ cell fate and as a gatekeeper preventing initiation of TGCTs. Cancer Res; 76(21); 6382-95. ©2016 AACR.
Long-term update of U.S. GI Intergroup RTOG 98-11 phase III trial for anal carcinoma: Comparison of concurrent chemoradiation with 5FU-mitomycin versus 5FU-cisplatin for disease-free and overall survival.
Authors: L. L. Gunderson, K. A. Winter, J. A. Ajani, J. E. Pedersen, A. B. Benson, C. R. Thomas, R. J. Mayer, M. G. Haddock, T. A. Rich, C. G. Willett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

367 Background: On initial publication of GI Intergroup RTOG 98-11, concurrent chemoradiation with 5FU+mitomycin (MMC) decreased colostomy failure (CF) vs induction plus concurrent 5FU+cisplatin (CDDP), but did not significantly impact disease free or overall survival (DFS, OS). The intent of the current analysis is to determine the long-term impact of treatment on survival (DFS, OS, colostomy-free [CFS]), CF and relapse (local-regional [LRF], distant [DM]) in this patient group. Methods: Stratification factors included gender, clinical node status, and primary size. DFS/OS were estimated univariately by Kaplan-Meier method and treatment arms compared by log-rank test. Time to relapse/CF were estimated by cumulative incidence method and treatment arms compared by Gray's test. Multivariate analyses were done with Cox proportional hazard models to test for treatment differences, adjusting for stratification factors. Results: Of 682 patients accrued, 649 were analyzable for outcomes. As seen in the table, 5-yr DFS and OS were statistically better for RT+5FU/MMC vs RT+5FU/CDDP (67.7 v 57.6%, p=.0.0045; 78.2 v 70.5%, p=0.021) with trends toward statistical significance for CFS, LRF, and CF (71.8 v 64.9%, p=0.053; 20 v 26.5%, 11.9 v 17.3%, p=0.092 and 0.075). Similar results were seen in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Concurrent chemoradiation with 5FU-MMC has a statistically significant impact on DFS and OS vs induction + concurrent 5FU-CDDP and borderline significance for CFS, CF and LRF. Therefore, RT+5FU/MMC remains the preferred standard of care. Potential strategies to improve outcomes include treatment intensification and individualized molecular-based treatment. Supported by RTOG grant U10 CA21661 and CCOP grant U10 CA37422 from the National Cancer Institute (NCI). [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
<i>BRAF</i>V600E Mutation and Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Alessia Ciarrocchi, Silvio Cavuto, Simonetta Piana
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Immune Monitoring In Patients With Early Chronic Phase Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML-CP) Treated With Frontline Nilotinib
Authors: Sieghart Sopper, Satu Mustjoki, Angelica Loskog, Bjorn T Gjertsen, Richard Greil, Alois Lang, Werner Linkesch, Josef Thaler, Tobias Gedde-Dahl, Henrik Hjorth-Jansen, Waleed Majeed, Kourosh Lofti, Johan Richter, Sören Lehman, Leif Stenke, Ulla Olsson-Strömberg, Jesper Stentoft, Ward Posthuma, Willem Smit, Edo Vellenga, Gregor Verhoef, Augustin Ferrant, Jan Van Droogenbroeck, Ute Mark, Jens Haenig, Nidas Jurjonas, Gunther Gastl, Frank Giles, Andreas Hochhaus, Gert J. Ossenkoppele, Kimmo Porkka, Dominik Wolf
Journal: Blood (2013)
A phase Ib safety and pharmacokinetic study of bavituximab plus chemotherapy in patients with refractory advanced solid tumor malignancies
Authors: R. Digumarti, P. P. Bapsy, J. S. Shan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

3038 Background: Bavituximab (B) is a first in class anti-phosphatidylserine (PS) monoclonal antibody. This immunotherapeutic agent selectively binds to PS exposed on tumor blood vessels causing an enhanced immune response and shutting down blood flow into the tumor. Pre-clinical data suggest a synergistic action using anti-PS antibodies in combination with chemotherapy. Methods: This was an open-label, non- randomized, multi-center study in pts with refractory advanced solid tumors. B was given weekly for up to 8 weeks, at a dose of 3mg/kg i.v., in combination with docetaxel (D)(75–80mg/m2 every 3 weeks) or gemcitabine (G) (1,000mg/m2 weeks 1–7) or paclitaxel (175mg/m2 every 3 weeks) plus carboplatin (AUC=5) (P+C). Study objectives were to assess safety and tolerability of B and to characterize its PK profile when used in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Serum levels of B were determined by ELISA. Results: 14 pts were enrolled, mean age was 48.4yr, 78.6% were female. All had a stage IV tumor. 5 pts received B+D, 5 pts received B+G and 4 pts received B+P+C. Pts received a mean of 6 doses of B. AEs were reported by 13 pts. Most common were vomiting (6pts), cough (4 pts), asthenia, pain, headache, neutropenia, prolonged aPTT and pain in extremities, each in 3pts. 3 pts reported SAEs considered to be related to B, 1 pt had non-related SAE. On Days 0 and 21, no significant differences in PK characteristics were seen between the three treatment groups following administration of B. No accumulation of B was seen following multiple dose administration. Using RECIST criteria, week 8 tumor responses were PR (3pts), SD (3pts) and PD (6pts); 2 pts were non-evaluable. Conclusions: The PK of B was not impacted by co-administration of conventional chemotherapy. 50% of all evaluable pts achieved an objective tumor response or stable disease. These findings warrant further efficacy studies of B in pts with refractory solid tumors. Treatment Arm Day 0 (Dose 1) Day 21 (Dose 4) Cmax (μg/mL) Tmax (hr) AUCinf (μ*hr/mL) T1/2 (hr) Cmax (μg/mL) Tmax (hr) AUCinf (μ*hr/mL) T1/2 (hr) B+D 47.5 5 3303 25.5 40.7 2.5 3421 27.9 B+G 56.2 5 4354 26.5 44.6 2.5 4083 28.3 B+P+C 58.5 4.25 3835 25 58.7 1.75 4446 24.4 Values shown are medians Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Smoking, Sex, and Pregnancy
Authors: J. H. Hauger-Klevene, E. C. Balossi
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We have just read the<i>JAMA</i>article entitled "Cigarette Smoking Associated With Delayed Conception,"<sup>1</sup>which showed that reduced fertility should be added to the growing list of reproductive hazards of cigarette smoking. In support of their theory, we would like to present the results of a recent population study carried out in Zarate, Argentina, to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors. Among various factors, we measured serum prolactin levels. The results of the evaluation of 73 normotensive men aged 30 to 59 years demonstrated that smoking increases serum prolactin levels significantly (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) and the rise is related to the number of cigarettes smoked per day. In contrast, ex-smokers have prolactin levels similar to those observed in nonsmokers (Table). The relationship between smoking and decreased conception<sup>2</sup>may be due to the effect of smoking on prolactin secretion. Hyperprolactinemic menhave been reported to have smaller testes and