tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Marginal Zone Lymphoma
Authors: Omid S. Shaye, Alexandra M. Levine
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2006)

Marginal zone lymphomas (MZLs) comprise 3 distinct entities: extranodal MZL of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), splenic MZL, and nodal MZL. Gastric MALT lymphoma is the most common extranodal MZL and often develops as a result of chronic Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Such cases frequently respond to antibiotics directed against H. pylori . Antigen-driven lymphomatous disease can also be seen in the association of Borrelia burgdorferi with MALT lymphoma of the skin, Chlamydia psittaci with MALT lymphoma of the ocular adnexa, Campylobacter jejuni with immunoproliferative disease of the small intestine, and hepatitis C with splenic MZL. This article discusses the pathogenesis and clinical features of MZL and the treatment options available to patients.
The Use of Tantalum Mesh in Chest-Wall Defects
Authors: J. Murray Beardsley, Charles R. Cavanagh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

ANY structural defect resulting from a loss of normal supporting tissues should always be repaired whenever possible. When large areas of the chest-wall framework are removed to effect radical excision of malignant tumors, it is difficult to find an adequate substitute for the bony cage. Although this in itself is an undesirable situation, more important is the fact that in certain cases serious postoperative complications may follow because of paradoxical motion that may be difficult to control by simple measures.Recently the use of tantalum plate was suggestedas a method of procedure.1 In addition to the three cases reported in . . .
A comparison of comorbidity measures for predicting one-year mortality in cancer patients.
Authors: Marshall W. Pitz, Rashid Ahmed, Mark Smith, Heather J Prior, Say Pham Hong, Ankona Banerjee, Ina Koseva, Christina Kulbaba, Lisa Lix
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e17679 Background: Comorbidity is an independent predictor of cancer patient outcome. The Charlson and Elixhauser indices are the most common measures of comorbidity among cancer patients, but their relative predictive performance is unclear. We tested the association between these indices of comorbidity and survival among patients with breast, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. Methods: Population-based administrative data from Manitoba Health, Health Living and Seniors (hospital discharge abstracts, physician billing claims, and prescription drug databases) housed at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy were linked to the Manitoba Cancer. The study cohort included adults with breast, colorectal, or lung cancer made between 2004 and 2011. Comorbidity was measured by: Charlson index, Elixhauser index, Chronic Disease Score, number of different diagnoses, number of different prescription drugs, and Johns-Hopkins Aggregated Diagnostic Groups (ADGs). Logistic regression models with and without comorbidity measures were used to assess comorbidity measure discrimination (c-statistic), prediction error, and reclassification performance for one-year mortality. All models were adjusted for age, sex, region of residence, income quintiles, treatment, and cancer stage. Results: A total of 4984 breast, 4597 colorectal, and 4870 lung cancer patients were included. The base model without comorbidity covariates had excellent discrimination (c–statistics: 0.940 [breast], 0.890 [colorectal], and 0.868 [lung]). The addition of the Elixhauser index to the base model improved discrimination for breast (c-statistic = 0.947, Δc: +0.01%), and colorectal (c-statistic = 0.897, Δc: +0.01%) in one-year mortality, but all other measures of comorbidities did not add further discrimination. Elixhauser performed better than the other measures on all model statistics. Conclusions: Comorbidity is an important predictor of overall mortality but the incremental effect is small after accounting for patient and disease covariates. Only the Elixhauser index increased the discriminant performance and the effect was small.
Analytical Validation and Clinical Qualification of a New Immunohistochemical Assay for Androgen Receptor Splice Variant-7 Protein Expression in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Jonathan Welti, Daniel Nava Rodrigues, Adam Sharp, Shihua Sun, David Lorente, Ruth Riisnaes, Ines Figueiredo, Zafeiris Zafeiriou, Pasquale Rescigno, Johann S. de Bono, Stephen R. Plymate
Journal: European Urology (2016)

The androgen receptor splice variant-7 (AR-V7) has been implicated in the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and resistance to abiraterone and enzalutamide.To develop a validated assay for detection of AR-V7 protein in tumour tissue and determine its expression and clinical significance as patients progress from hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) to CRPC.Following monoclonal antibody generation and validation, we retrospectively identified patients who had HSPC and CRPC tissue available for AR-V7 immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis.Nuclear AR-V7 expression was determined using IHC H score (HS) data. The change in nuclear AR-V7 expression from HSPC to CRPC and the association between nuclear AR-V7 expression and overall survival (OS) was determined.Nuclear AR-V7 expression was significantly lower in HSPC (median HS 50, interquartile range [IQR] 17.5-90) compared to CRPC (HS 135, IQR 80-157.5; p<0.0001), and in biopsy tissue taken before (HS 80, IQR 30-136.3) compared to after (HS 140, IQR 105-167.5; p=0.007) abiraterone or enzalutamide treatment. Lower nuclear AR-V7 expression at CRPC biopsy was associated with longer OS (hazard ratio 1.012, 95% confidence interval 1.004-1.020; p=0.003). While this monoclonal antibody primarily binds to AR-V7 in PC biopsy tissue, it may also bind to other proteins.We provide the first evidence that nuclear AR-V7 expression increases with emerging CRPC and is prognostic for OS, unlike antibody staining for the AR N-terminal domain. These data indicate that AR-V7 is important in CRPC disease biology; agents targeting AR splice variants are needed to test this hypothesis and further improve patient outcome from CRPC.In this study we found that levels of the protein AR-V7 were higher in patients with advanced prostate cancer. A higher level of AR-V7 identifies a group of patients who respond less well to certain prostate cancer treatments and live for a shorter period of time.
Mild Hemophilia Affecting Both Males and Females
Authors: Ted P. Bond, William C. Levin, D. R. Celander, M. Mason Guest
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

SYMPTOMATIC hemophilia in females, with clinical and laboratory data, has been rarely demonstrated, although cases of clinically apparent hemophilia in females who were assumed to be homozygous for the trait have been described.1 , 2 Detectable deficiencies, based on laboratory tests, in some heterozygous "carriers" of deficiencies of both antihemophilic factor (AHF, factor VIII) and plasma thromboplastin component (PTC, factor IX) have also been reported.3 4 5 6 7 8 On the other hand, both males and females may be affected by "vascular hemophilia" (Willebrand's disease, pseudohemophilia, angiohemophilia). It is uncertain whether the symptomatology in Willebrand's disease results from a vascular defect alone or from a reduced . . .
Beta-2 microglobulin as a significant prognostic factor and a new risk model for diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma
Authors: Tsukasa Yamaguchi, Yusuke Kanemasa, Takeshi Sawada, Tatsu Shimoyama, Eisaku Sasaki, Yasushi Omuro, Tsunekazu Hishima, Yoshiharu Maeda, Tsuneo Sasaki
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Prekallikrein Activation and High-Molecular-Weight Kininogen Consumption in Hereditary Angioedema
Authors: Marc Schapira, Lee D. Silver, Cheryl F. Scott, Alvin H. Schmaier, Lawrence J. Prograis, John G. Curd, Robert W. Colman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Patients with hereditary angioedema lack C-1 inhibitor, a plasma alpha 2-glycoprotein that inhibits both the proteolytic action of C1, the activated first component of the complement system, and the activity of components of the contact phase of coagulation: kallikrein, factor XIa, and factor XIIa. Such patients have been shown to have low levels of C4 and C2, the natural substrates for C-1, but the levels were not correlated with the presence of symptoms. We studied three patients with angioedema for evidence of activation of the contact system and found that during a symptomatic period they had decreased levels of prekallikrein, a substrate for the activated forms of factor XII, and reductions in high-molecular-weight kininogen, a substrate for plasma kallikrein. These observations suggest that zymogens of the contact system are activated during attacks of hereditary angioedema and that some of the clinical manifestations may be mediated through products of this pathway, such as kinins.
Germ-Line<i>BRCA1</i>Mutations in Jewish and Non-Jewish Women with Early-Onset Breast Cancer
Authors: Michael G. FitzGerald, Deborah J. MacDonald, Michael Krainer, Ingrid Hoover, Erin O'Neil, Hilal Unsal, Sandra Silva-Arrieto, Dianne M. Finkelstein, Peggy Beer-Romero, Christoph Englert, Dennis C. Sgroi, Barbara L. Smith, Jerry W. Younger, Judy E. Garber, Rosemary B. Duda, Kathleen A. Mayzel, Kurt J. Isselbacher, Stephen H. Friend, Daniel A. Haber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Mutations in a germ-line allele of the BRCA1 gene contribute to the familial breast cancer syndrome. However, the prevalence of these mutations is unknown in women with breast cancer who do not have the features of this familial syndrome. We sought BRCA1 mutations in women who were given a diagnosis of breast cancer at an early age, because early onset is characteristic of a genetic predisposition to cancer.
OC-033 Familial amyloid polyneuropathy: disease phenotype and the role of liver transplantation: the King's College Hospital selection criteria
Authors: A J Stangou, M Rela, J Wendon, M Monaghan, N R Banner, C J Mathias, N D Heaton, J O'Grady
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) due to mutations in the transthyretin gene is the most common form of hereditary amyloidosis. The liver is not itself affected by amyloid deposition in FAP, but it is the main source of production of variant transthyretin (TTR). Liver transplantation (LT) is the only available treatment. <h3>Methods</h3> 94 patients with FAP associated with 19 different TTR variants, 68 of whom have so far received LT. Evaluation included assessment of gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) systems, and comprehensive neurological and cardiovascular investigations. Patients were categorised as TTR Met30 (58 cases) or non-Met30 variants (36), and in Met30 as early- or late-onset through cut-off age 50 years at presentation. <h3>Results</h3> All Met30 cases presented with either peripheral neuropathy or autonomic neuropathy involving the GI tract with gastroparesis, constipation or diarrhoea and malnutrition, and/or the cardiac sympathetic or parasympathetic systems. Cardiac amyloidosis was a rare and late feature. In contrast, 93% of non-Met30 patients had evidence of cardiac amyloid at presentation and peripheral neuropathy was late manifestation. At median follow-up 71 months post LT neurology improved in 88% of Met30 cases, but deteriorated in 71% of non-Met30. Cardiac amyloid progressed in all non-Met30 cases, while echocardiograms stabilised in early-onset Met30. Serial amyloid scintigraphy demonstrated regression or stabilisation of visceral amyloid in 82% of Met30 and all non-Met30 cases, despite concomitant progression of cardiac amyloidosis in the latter. Cumulative survival was 93% in early-onset Met30, 33% in late-onset Met30, and 33% in non-Met30 (p&lt;0.001). On univariate Cox regression analysis, age at LT, TTR variant, cardiac amyloid preoperatively (p&lt;0.01) and polyneuropathy disability (PND) score (p&lt;0.05), were statistically significant risk factors. On multivariate analysis, patient9s age was independent pretransplant risk factor (p&lt;0.001), and rapidly progressive amyloid cardiomyopathy independent posttransplant risk factor (p&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Liver transplantation is rational and effective treatment for FAP. Best results in terms of improvement in FAP manifestations and survival after LT were obtained in patients with early-onset TTR Met30 FAP disease. In order to improve outcomes we propose transplant selection criteria which accommodate the phenotypic heterogeneity among different variants and take into account relevant risk factors.
T1 Fluticasone propionate alters the resident airway microbiota and impairs anti-viral and anti-bacterial immune responses in the airways
Authors: A Singanayagam, N Glanville, R Pearson, P James, L Cuthbertson, M Cox, M Moffatt, W Cookson, N Bartlett, S Johnston
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Inhaled corticosteroids are the cornerstone of therapy in asthma and COPD but cause only modest reduction in exacerbations and are associated with increased pneumonia frequency. This has raised concern about potential detrimental effects on host-defence against respiratory pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fluticasone propionate on airway anti-viral and anti-bacterial host-defence. <h3>Methods</h3> C57BL/6 mice were intranasally treated with fluticasone propionate (1 mg/kg) or vehicle control. 16S Quantitative PCR was used to evaluate total bacterial loads and pyrosequencing was used to evaluate microbiota community composition in lung tissue. Using mouse models of infection with rhinovirus 1B and <i>S. pneumoniae</i> D39, effects of fluticasone administration on anti-viral and anti-bacterial immune responses, airway inflammation and pathogen control were evaluated. <h3>Results</h3> Mice treated with fluticasone had increased lung bacterial loads compared to vehicle-treated controls at 8 h post administration (p &lt; 0.05). Evaluation of community composition revealed that fluticasone treatment was associated with significant increases in <i>Stenotrophomonas</i> genera (p &lt; 0.05). In a mouse model of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> infection, fluticasone administration suppressed anti-bacterial responses including expression of cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α (4 h post-infection; p &lt; 0.001) and airway neutrophil recruitment (8 h post-infection; p &lt; 0.001) and was also associated with increased lung bacterial loads measured by quantitative culture (8 h post-infection; p &lt; 0.001). In a mouse model of rhinovirus infection, fluticasone suppressed innate anti-viral responses including BAL protein levels of interferon-β and -λ2/3 (day 1 post-infection; p &lt; 0.001). Virus clearance was impaired by fluticasone with increased viral RNA copies observed in lung tissue (day 1&amp;2 post-infection; p &lt; 0.001). The late expression of rhinovirus-induced airway mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B BAL proteins was increased by fluticasone (p &lt; 0.01 and p &lt; 0.05 respectively at day 7). Administration of recombinant interferon-β in combination with fluticasone and rhinovirus led to upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes and improved virus clearance, thereby demonstrating that adverse effects of fluticasone on RV clearance are causally related to interferon suppression. Recombinant IFN-β did not alter the increased mucins observed with fluticasone treatment. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Fluticasone alters the airway microbiota and impairs airway anti-viral and anti-bacterial host-defence in mice. Human studies are required to confirm the relevance of these effects in the context of inflammatory airway diseases.
Distinctive Chromosomal Abnormalities in Histologic Subtypes of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Jorge J. Yunis, Martin M. Oken, Manuel E. Kaplan, Kathy M. Ensrud, Robert R. Howe, Athanasios Theologides
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Using a new high-resolution technique for chromosomal analysis, we have successfully studied biopsy specimens of lymph nodes from 42 of 44 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and have categorized them using the new international histologic formulation and immunologic markers. Abnormalities of the clonal chromosomes were detected in all 42 patients. Three recurrent chromosomal aberrations were found to correlate with certain histologic types: a translocation between chromosomes 18 and 14 in 16 of 19 patients with follicular lymphomas (small cleaved cell, mixed cell, and large cell); a translocation between chromosomes 8 and 14 in 5 of 6 patients with small noncleaved-cell (non-Burkitt's) or large-cell immunoblastic lymphoma; and a trisomy 12 in 4 of 11 patients with small-cell lymphocytic lymphoma. Our findings suggest that characteristic chromosomal defects occur in certain lymphoma subtypes and that high-resolution chromosomal analysis promises to become an important tool in improving our basic understanding of lymphoid cancers. (N Engl J Med. 1982; 307:1231–6.)
Phase II study of curcumin and gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: R. Epelbaum, B. Vizel, G. Bar-Sela
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

15619 Background: The anti-metabolite gemcitabine is the standard chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer.Yet, it produces an objective response in less than 10% of patients (pts), with a minor effect on survival. Curcumin, the active ingredient in the tumeric spice, has potent anti-proliferative activity, by interaction with several intracellular signal transduction pathways. Curcumin can also potentiates the antitumor effect of gemcitabine, as shown in pre-clinical models of pancreatic cancer. The presnt study was undertaken to evaluate the activity and feasibility of gemcitabine in combination with curcumin in pts with advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods: Pts received 8 grams of curcumin (Sabinsa Corporation) by mouth daily concurrently with gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 IV weekly ×3 out of 4 weeks. Time to tumor progression (TTP) was the primary endpoint and toxicity profile the main secondary endpoint. Results: Seventeen pts (M:F 10:7, median age 69, range 54–78) were enrolled from 11/04 to 4/06. Six pts had locally advanced tumor and 11 pts had metastatic disease, all in liver. Pts received a median of 2 (range 1/3–14) cycles of gemcitabine. Five pts (29%) discontinued curcumin after few days to 2 weeks due to intractable abdominal fullness or pain. One pt died during 1st cycle due to unrelated cardiac event. In 11 pts curcumin and gemcitabine were delivered concomitantly for a period of 1 to 12 months. Dose of curcumin was reduced to 4 gram/day in 3 of them becuse of abdominal complains. There were 1 pt with grade II neutropenia and 1 with grade I thrombocytopenia. No other toxicities have been obsereved. One pt out of the 11 evaluable pts (9%) had partial response (7 months), 4 (36%) had stable disease (2, 3, 6 and 12 months) and 6 (55%) had tumor progression. TTP was 1 to 12 months ( median 2), and overall survival 1 to 24 months ( median 6). Conclusions: Our preliminary results suggest that a combination of gemcitabine and curcumin for pts with advanced pancreatic cancer is feasible. However, daily oral dose of curcumin should be less than 8 grams per day. Further studies need to be conducted in order to evaluate the ability of curcumin to enhance the chemotherapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine in cancer pts. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Persistent Parasitemia after Acute Babesiosis
Authors: Peter J. Krause, Andrew Spielman, Sam R. Telford, Vijay K. Sikand, Kathleen McKay, Diane Christianson, Richard J. Pollack, Peter Brassard, Jenifer Magera, Raymond Ryan, David H. Persing
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Babesiosis, a zoonosis caused by the protozoan Babesia microti, is usually not treated when the symptoms are mild, because the parasitemia appears to be transient. However, the microscopical methods used to diagnose this infection are insensitive, and few infected people have been followed longitudinally. We compared the duration of parasitemia in people who had received specific antibabesial therapy with that in silently infected people who had not received specific therapy.
Recognizing depression in outpatient oncology patient population: A quality improvement project
Authors: B. W. Adkins, N. Washburn, S. Simmons, P. Gerken, V. Sommer, B. Rogers, K. LaNoue, B. Wilson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

8102 Background: Depression is reportedly identified 20–25% of the time in cancer patients. Symptoms of depression may be mistaken for a normal reaction to cancer diagnosis. Depression can lead to non-compliance with treatment, increased clinic visits and hospitalization and medical bills. The extensive cost, personal suffering and high prevalence of major depressive disorders necessitate careful screening. The Kansas City Cancer Centers (KCCC) quality anti-depression committee was formed in December of 2002 based on the hypothesis that recognition of depression could be improved in the cancer patient. Methods: Performed a retrospective review on patients receiving chemotherapy in January 2003, using 80 charts from five Kansas City Cancer Centers. The goal: to assess charts for recognition of depression, loss of interest in activities and diagnosis of depression. The Anti-depression Committee coordinated staff participation in sessions that reviewed: depression signs and symptoms, diagnostic tools, prescribing antidepressants, and behavioral health-therapy options. Following implementation of tools and education, a second review was performed on patients receiving chemotherapy treatment in December 2003, using 80 charts from five Kansas City Cancer Centers to assess for the same criteria. Results: In the January 2003 baseline chart review documented evaluation for depression in 21 patients (26%) Evaluation for loss of interest in activities 20(25%) patients and depression was diagnosed by practitioner in 13(16%) patients. Chart review following intervention in december of 2003 documented evaluation for depression in 47 (59%) patients, evaluation for loss of interest in activities 57 (71%) patients and depression was diagnosed by practitioner in 17 (26%). A chart review performed on patients receiving chemotherapy treatment before and after the KCCC anti-depression quality initiative showed a two-fold improvement in the recognition of depression. Conclusions: Improved diagnosis and treatment of individuals with major depression may result in improvement of treatment outcomes, patient care and patient satisfaction as well as more appropriate utilization of healthcare resources No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Sequential Adsorption Analysis of Antibodies to Neuroectodermal Cells by an Indirect Quantitative Method2
Authors: Susan E. Harwood, Darell D. Bigner, Wolfgang Wechsler, Eugene D. Day
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

An indirect radioimmunoassay was developed for the sequential adsorption analysis of rabbit antibodies raised against rat neuroectodermal cells. The quantitative relationship between primary adsorbed rabbit antitumor antibodies and secondary adsorbed goat antibodies to rabbit IgG was explored by paired radioiodine analysis. In the final indirect method, the amount of unlabeled rabbit antibody removed by cultured monolayers of cells at each step in a sequence of cells could be determined from an equation relating the unlabeled amount to values of bound 125l-labeled goat antirabbit IgG. To obtain the total quantity of rabbit antibody in a particular antiserum reagent, a sequential adsorption analysis was done with successive steps of homologous cells. To obtain the amount of antibody that was cross-reactive for other cell lines, we included those lines in the first several steps of the sequence. The sequential adsorption profile was considered as a more important indicator of the quality of a particular antiserum reagent than was the total amount of antibody contained in it. Neuroectodermal cell lines used as illustrative examples included subclones of the C6 astrocytoma and of the RN-2 schwannoma.