tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neuropathologic Associations of Learning and Memory in Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Stephanie Kielb, Amanda Cook, Christina Wieneke, Alfred Rademaker, Eileen H. Bigio, Marek-Marsel Mesulam, Emily Rogalski, Sandra Weintraub
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

The dementia syndrome of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) can be caused by 1 of several neuropathologic entities, including forms of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) or Alzheimer disease (AD). Although episodic memory is initially spared in this syndrome, the subtle learning and memory features of PPA and their neuropathologic associations have not been characterized.To detect subtle memory differences on the basis of autopsy-confirmed neuropathologic diagnoses in PPA.Retrospective analysis was conducted at the Northwestern Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center in August 2015 using clinical and postmortem autopsy data that had been collected between August 1983 and June 2012. Thirteen patients who had the primary clinical diagnosis of PPA and an autopsy-confirmed diagnosis of either AD (PPA-AD) or a tau variant of FTLD (PPA-FTLD) and 6 patients who had the clinical diagnosis of amnestic dementia and autopsy-confirmed AD (AMN-AD) were included.Scores on the effortless learning, delayed retrieval, and retention conditions of the Three Words Three Shapes test, a specialized measure of verbal and nonverbal episodic memory.The PPA-FTLD (n = 6), PPA-AD (n = 7), and AMN-AD (n = 6) groups did not differ by demographic composition (all P > .05). The sample mean (SD) age was 64.1 (10.3) years at symptom onset and 67.9 (9.9) years at Three Words Three Shapes test administration. The PPA-FTLD group had normal (ie, near-ceiling) scores on all verbal and nonverbal test conditions. Both the PPA-AD and AMN-AD groups had deficits in verbal effortless learning (mean [SD] number of errors, 9.9 [4.6] and 14.2 [2.0], respectively) and verbal delayed retrieval (mean [SD] number of errors, 6.1 [5.9] and 12.0 [4.4], respectively). The AMN-AD group had additional deficits in nonverbal effortless learning (mean [SD] number of errors, 10.3 [4.0]) and verbal retention (mean [SD] number of errors, 8.33 [5.2]), which were not observed in the PPA-FTLD or PPA-AD groups (all P < .005).This study identified neuropathologic associations of learning and memory in autopsy-confirmed cases of PPA. Among patients with clinical PPA syndrome, AD neuropathology appeared to interfere with effortless learning and delayed retrieval of verbal information, whereas FTLD-tau pathology did not. The results provide directions for future research on the interactions between limbic and language networks.
Health workers should reverse FGM procedures by deinfibulation, WHO says
Authors: Sophie Cousins
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Deinfibulation is recommended for preventing and treating obstetric and urologic complications, specifically recurrent urinary tract infections and urinary retention, in women with type 3 female genital mutilation (FGM), according to new World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines launched at Women Deliver in Copenhagen today.1

The guidelines for the management of health complications from FGM also recommend antepartum or intrapartum deinfibulation to facilitate childbirth in women who have undergone type 3 FGM.

There are four types of FGM and type 3, often referred to as infibulation, involves the narrowing of the vaginal …
A New Common Marker for Premalignant and Malignant Hepatocytes Induced in the Rat by Chemical Carcinogens2
Authors: K. Okita, L. H. Kligman, E. Farber
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

A new common antigen, preneoplastic (PN), was found in every early and late hyperplastic nodule and in every primary hepatoma induced by N-2-fluorenylacetamide, ethionine, 3′-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, dimethylnitrosamine, or diethylnitrosamine in three strains of rats (CFN, F344, and BUF). It so tar has not been found in normal adult rat liver, liver surrounding nodules or cancer, fetal liver, amniotic fluid, adult rat serum, sera from rats with hyperplastic nodules or primary hepatomas, or various normal rat tissues. Immunofluorescent staining indicated the PN antigen was present in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in hyperplastic nodules and in primary hepatomas.
A systematic review of evidence to inform HIV prevention interventions among men who have sex with men in Europe
Authors: S Strömdahl, F Hickson, A Pharris, M Sabido, S Baral, A Thorson
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

An estimated 42% of all newly diagnosed HIV cases in Europe in 2013 were transmitted during sex between men. This review was performed to identify and describe studies evaluating the efficacy and effectiveness of HIV prevention interventions among men who have sex with men (MSM), in relation to implementation data from European settings. A systematic search was performed individually for 24 interventions. Data were extracted from studies including efficacy or implementation data from European settings, appraised for efficacy, implementation and plausibility, and assigned a grade (1-4) according to the Highest Attainable Standard of Evidence (HASTE) framework. Four interventions (condom use, peer outreach, peer-led groups, and using universal coverage of antiretroviral treatment and treatment as prevention) were assigned the highest HASTE grade, 1. Another four interventions were assigned 2a for probable recommendation, including voluntary counselling and testing for HIV, using condom-compatible lubricant, using post-exposure prophylaxis, and individual counselling for MSM living with HIV. In addition, seven interventions were assigned a grade of 2b, for possible recommendation. Encouragingly, 15 interventions were graded to be strongly, probably or possibly recommended. In the relatively resource-rich European setting, there is an opportunity to provide global leadership with regard to the regional scale-up of comprehensive HIV prevention interventions for MSM.
Render unto Caesar that which is Caesar’s. Give credit to thy fellow author!
Authors: M Moro, J Walkenhorst, A Goga, O N Witte, G Superti-Furga
Journal: Leukemia (1997)

c-Abl protein tyrosine kinase activity is tightly regulated in vertebrate cells. Several mutations can activate Abl and convert it into an oncogene. In man, chromosomal translocations result in fusion proteins associated with chronic myelogenous leukemias and some acute lymphocytic leukemias. In viral forms of abl, gag sequences are fused to Abl portions resulting in a deletion of N-terminal sequences. To study c-Abl activity in a cellular environment likely to lack specific regulators, we have expressed human c-Abl in Schizosaccharomyces pombe in an inducible fashion. c-Abl causes growth arrest followed by death of the cells. Mutations in the SH2 domain or in the autophosphorylation site dramatically reduce the ability of Abl to confer the growth arrest phenotype and to phosphorylate endogenous proteins, suggesting a fundamental role of these structures in the activity of the enzyme. An SH3 domain deletion mutant of Abl is as active as c-Abl in yeast indicating that there is no intrinsic regulation of c-Abl occurring via the SH3 domain and suggesting that the inhibitory effect of the SH3 domain observed in cells of vertebrate origin is mediated by a factor that is absent in fission yeast. We have used this assay to functionally screen a human cDNA library for molecules able to counteract the lethal effect of c-Abl expression. We are currently in the process of characterising the isolated clones. We hope to identify among them the molecule(s) responsible for regulating c-Abl activity in human cells.
Mutagenic Activation of &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-Hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene by Developing Epithelial Cells of Rat Small Intestine and Effects of Antioxidants&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: H A Schut, S S Thorgeirsson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Journal Article Mutagenic Activation of N-Hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene by Developing Epithelial Cells of Rat Small Intestine and Effects of Antioxidants Get access Herman A. J. Schut, Herman A. J. Schut Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Snorri S. Thorgeirsson Snorri S. Thorgeirsson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 63, Issue 6, December 1979, Pages 1405–1409, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/63.6.1405 Published: 01 December 1979 Article history Received: 26 December 1978 Revision received: 11 June 1979 Accepted: 18 June 1979 Published: 01 December 1979
Case 30-1988
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Gordon L. Snider, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Presentation of CaseA nine-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of chronic interstitial lung disease with repeated episodes of pneumonia.The child was born of an uncomplicated, full-term pregnancy and delivery to a mother 33 years of age. Her infancy was uneventful. At three years of age pneumonia developed, and she was admitted to a hospital and treated with antibiotics given by vein. One year later anemia was found; iron and four transfusions were administered, two of the latter from her parents and two from unknown donors. Recurrent bouts of pneumonia occurred three or four times annually and . . .
The quality of CT surveillance in resected colorectal cancer survivors at Veterans Health Administration facilities.
Authors: Amikar Sehdev, Eric A Sherer, Sui Hui, Jingwei Wu, David Andrew Haggstrom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

525 Background: Annual CT scan for three years is the current standard for post-treatment surveillance of colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors following curative treatment. We conducted a retrospective study with the primary aim to assess the patient, physician &amp; organizational characteristics associated with quality of CT surveillance at Veterans Administration (VA) facilities. Methods: The Department of Veterans Affairs Central Cancer Registry was used to identify patients with stage I-III CRC between 2001 &amp; 2009. Patient (age, race, marital status, income, priority status, year of diagnosis, stage, comorbidity), provider (primary care, specialist, other) &amp; facility (region &amp; organizational survey) characteristics were measured. In the primary analysis, we analyzed the impact of the 2005 ASCO update in CRC surveillance guidelines. In the secondary analysis, we included only patients diagnosed after 2005 to avoid any bias due to change in guidelines. Overuse (OU) was defined as &gt; 1 CT/12 months, whereas underuse (UU) was defined as &lt; 1 CT/12 months. The Wald test was used for univariate analysis &amp; logistic regression models, for multivariate analysis. Results: The primary analysis demonstrated no change in the receipt of CT scans before &amp; after the 2005 guideline update, as there was an increasing trend favoring more CT scans in general.In the secondary analysis, there were a total of 2,263 patients. Overall, UU (19.44% patients) occurred more often than OU (15% patients). In univariate analyses, age, stage, insurance status, provider type &amp; facility region were significant in both OU &amp; UU analyses (p &lt;.001). Comorbidity was associated with OU only (p =.02). Different organizational characteristics were significant for OU &amp; UU cohorts. Multivariate analyses showed younger age [AOR = 2.17 (1.65 - 2.86)] &amp; higher stage [AOR =.71 (.59 -.85)] were associated with OU at p &lt;.001. Older age [AOR = 1.89 (1.54 - 3.10)], lower stage [AOR =.63 (.49 -.81)] at p &lt;.001 &amp; facility region [AOR = 1.84 (1.01 - 3.35)] at p =.04 were associated with UU. Conclusions: While present, there did not appear to be substantial rates of UU or OU among CRC survivors in the VA. Age &amp; cancer stage were associated with the quality of CT surveillance.
Postpsychotic depression and negative symptoms: an investigation of syndromal overlap
Authors: S G Siris, F Adan, M Cohen, J Mandeli, A Aronson, E Casey
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

The authors studied 46 patients with the operationally defined syndrome of postpsychotic depression following episodes of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Half of these patients were also found to satisfy criteria for negative symptoms. The patients with negative symptoms were rated as more severely ill on global measures, but there was only limited evidence that they were more depressed. Nevertheless, in a randomized double-blind trial of imipramine versus placebo as an adjunct to the fluphenazine decanoate and benztropine regimens of the patients with negative symptoms, the patients who received imipramine seemed to show more improvement.
Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Denmark
Authors: D. L. Monnet, H. D. Eemborg, S. R Andersen, C Schöller, T. L. Sørensen, F Bager
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2000)

Recent data of the Danish Integrated Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Programme (DANMAP) show that, in Denmark, resistance levels among Salmonella enterica are modest and that resistance in Escherichia coli isolates causing disease in anim
An argument in support of cost-effectiveness analysis in oncology.
Authors: M Markman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1988.6.6.937 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3131494 An argument in support of cost-effectiveness analysis in oncology. M MarkmanxM MarkmanSearch for articles by this author Show More Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1988.6.6.937 First Page PDF © 1988 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Community-acquired infections due to Staphylococcus argenteus lineage isolates harbouring the Panton-Valentine leucocidin, France, 2014
Authors: C Dupieux, R Blondé, C Bouchiat, H Meugnier, M Bes, S Laurent, F Vandenesch, F Laurent, A Tristan
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

We describe two cases of human infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex (CC) 75, also called Staphylococcus argenteus, harbouring the Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL). These two sporadic cases were community-acquired, and identified in France in 2014. Both had an epidemiological link with Mayotte, an overseas department of France located in the Indian Ocean off the south-eastern African coast. This report illustrates that, contrary to previous descriptions, S. argenteus can acquire important virulence factors and be responsible for severe infections.
Prolactinomas
Authors: Anne Klibanski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 42-year-old man presents with decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and headaches. He reports no weight change, gynecomastia, fatigue, or other symptoms. He takes no medications. Testicular size is decreased. His prolactin level is 648 μg per liter (normal value, <15). Magnetic resonance imaging reveals a sellar mass (2.5 by 1.5 by 2.0 cm) that is 5 mm below the optic chiasm and that extends bilaterally into the cavernous sinuses. What are the diagnostic and therapeutic considerations?
A Room With a View
Authors: Carolyn Roy-Bornstein
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What is a Normal Glucose Value?
Authors: Marie-Éve Piché, Jean-Francois Arcand-Bossé, Jean-Pierre Després, Louis Pérusse, Simone Lemieux, S. John Weisnagel
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

To evaluate differences in indexes of plasma glucose/insulin homeostasis and cardiovascular disease risk factors among subjects with normal fasting glucose (NFG), impaired fasting glucose, or glucose intolerance. Although individuals with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentrations > 5.4 mmol/l but < 6.1 mmol/l have been shown to have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes over 5 years, little is known about glucose metabolism abnormalities in this population.We compared insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity using several indexes derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 668 subjects from the Quebec Family Study who had varying degrees of FPG.There was a progressive decline in indexes of beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity when moving from NFG to type 2 diabetes. Compared with subjects with low NFG (FPG < 4.9 mmol/l), subjects with high NFG (FPG 5.3-6.1 mmol/l) were more insulin resistant (P < 0.01), had higher insulin and C-peptide responses during an OGTT (P < 0.05), and had reduced insulin secretion (corrected for insulin resistance). Subjects with high NFG were also characterized by higher plasma triglyceride levels and reduced HDL cholesterol concentrations and by a smaller LDL particle size. All these differences remained significant, even after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, and waist circumference. In addition, subjects with mid NFG (FPG 4.9-5.3 mmol/l) were characterized by impaired insulin secretion, decreased insulin sensitivity, higher triglyceride concentrations, and lower HDL cholesterol concentrations compared with subjects with low NFG.Independent of age, sex, and adiposity, there are differences in indexes of plasma glucose/insulin homeostasis and in cardiovascular risk factors among subjects with low, mid, and high NFG, suggesting the presence, in the upper normal glucose range, of abnormalities in glucose homeostasis, which may predispose to type 2 diabetes.
Effect of Beta-Oxidized Nitrosamines on Syrian Hamsters. III. 2,2′-Dihydroxydi-n-propylnitrosamine2
Authors: Parviz Pour, Friedrich W. Krüger, Jürgen Althoff, Antonio Cardesa, Ulrich Mohr
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

2,2′ - Dihydroxy - di - n - propylnitrosamine (DHPN), an assumed metabolite of di-n-propylnitrosamine (DPN), injected subcutaneously once weekly for life, was carcinogenic in Syrian hamsters. The main target organs were the respiratory tract, pancreas, liver, and kidneys. In the respiratory system the most affected segments were the nasal cavities and the lungs. Adenomas and adenocarcinomas, mostly of ductal origin, were induced in the pancreas. Liver neoplasms were hemangioendotheliomas, angiosarcomas, hepatocellular adenomas, cholangiomas, and cholangiocarcinomas. Kidney neoplasms were adenomas and adenocarcinomas. The morphology of the induced neoplasms was described, as well as the effects of DHPN, compared to those of another possible metabolite of DPN, 2-hydroxypropyl-n-propylnitrosamine (2-HPPN), which is formed in vivo with only 1 aliphatic chain degraded via β-oxidation.
Re: Boyer et al.: Outcomes with as-needed ranibizumab after initial monthly therapy: long-term outcomes of the phase III RIDE and RISE trials (Ophthalmology 2015;122:2504-13)
Authors: Brijesh Takkar, Shorya Azad
Journal: Ophthalmology (2016)

We read with interest the article by Boyer et al.1 The study, an open-label extension of RIDE and RISE trial, identifies as-needed dosing of ranibizumab as safe and effective for patients with diabetic macular edema initially treated with intensive therapy.
The dexamethasone suppression test in adolescent outpatients with major depressive disorder
Authors: B Birmaher, R E Dahl, N D Ryan, H Rabinovich, P Ambrosini, M al-Shabbout, H Novacenko, B Nelson, J Puig-Antich
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

The purpose of the study was to determine whether the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) would discriminate between outpatient adolescents with major depressive disorder and normal adolescent comparison subjects.Depressed patients were accepted into the study only if they fulfilled the Research Diagnostic Criteria for major depressive disorder. The depressed subjects (N = 44) and the normal subjects (N = 38) were studied in the same environment and under the same conditions. The subjects received 1 mg of dexamethasone at 11:00 p.m. The next day, blood for determining plasma cortisol concentrations was drawn through an indwelling catheter every 60 minutes from 8:00 a.m. until 11 p.m.After dexamethasone, the cortisol levels of the adolescents with major depressive disorder and the normal subjects were not significantly different. Only six (14%) of the depressed subjects and one (3%) of the normal subjects showed evidence of nonsuppression (cortisol value greater than 5 micrograms/dl). Analyses of subgroups of the depressed patients based on suicidal tendencies and endogenous subtype also failed to reveal significant differences in cortisol values. Estimates of the severity of depression showed significant negative correlations with cortisol values among the depressed patients.In contrast with previous studies of adolescent inpatients, the DST did not discriminate between the adolescent outpatients with major depressive disorder and the normal comparison subjects in this study. Possible reasons for the discrepancies, such as severity of the depression and inpatient status, are discussed.
Consultation-liaison versus other psychiatry clerkships: a comparison of learning outcomes and student reactions
Authors: W W Weddington, F R Hine, H L Houpt, C S Orleans
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

The authors present the results of a one-year study showing equivalent mastery of basic psychiatric knowledge and skills and equally favorable student reactions after psychiatry clerkships on a consultation-liaison service and on other more traditional psychiatry services. They recommend further research highlighting the unique contributions of consultation-liaison clerkship training to knowledge, skills, and attitudes for holistic primary care.
Patients prefer specialist follow up
Authors: J. Maher, J. Bradburn, R. Adewuyi-Dalton
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--We wish to report the “missing data”-- namely, patients' views--in the debate on routine follow up in breast cancer.1 As part of the design process for a multicentre study of hospital follow up versus follow up based in the community we sought patients' views using research methods described by the College of Health.2 Focus groups of women in remission were drawn both randomly and from the network of cancer support groups established around Mount Vernon …